•,^it:i:i^i:;:iiiilli

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

38ro» Mtr.

DIARY OF THE
^iege of 3Betroit
IN THE
WAR WITH PONTIAC.
ALSO A
Narrative of the Principal Events of the
Siege., by Major Robert Rogers ;
A
Plan for Condudting Indian Affairs, by
Colonel Bradstreet ;
AND OTHER
AUTHENTIC K DOCUMENTS,
NEVER BEFORE PRINTED.
EDITED WITH NOTES
By franklin B. HOUGH.
titans, M. ^. :
J. MUNSELL, 78 STATE STREET.
M.D.CCC.LX.

TO

3. Carson iSreboort. €0q.
OF BROOKLYN, N. Y.
Sir :
HE Contemporary Records of
the Hofilities which followed
the Surrender of Canada in 1760,
mufl ever pojfefs an unufual
Degree of Interef., as illujlrating
the Indian CharaEier., and the Succefs of
the Line of Policy adopted by the French in
their Northern Colonies of America., as
contrajled with that of the Englifh.
Having early acquired an intimate
Knowledge of the Interiour., by a Series of
enterpriftng Explorations., the French adopt
ed a rational Method of fecuring the Bene
fits to be derived from a Monopoly of the
Indian Trade,, and with fuch Succefs that
the Friendjhip they gained could not be an-
A nulled

iv Dedication.
nulled by Treaties, or readily afftgned to a
Nation whom they had been taught to hate.
Deceived by the Statements of zealous
Partizans in the French Interefls., the Na
tives fondly hoped for the Return of their
ancient Allies to Power., and in the Ardour
of their Enthufafm they fought to merit
returning Favours by anticipating the Arms
of France in the Reconquefl of the Country,,
and the Expulfon of the Englifh.
The fournal and Documents here print
ed., from their undoubted Authenticity and
great Diverfty of SubjeB, are believed to
offer a valuable Addition to our previous
Knowledge of the Events attending the In
dian Wars of iy6T, ; and the Publifher., by
infcribing thefe Pages to a zealous and dif-
cri?ninating Student of Afnerican Hi/lory^
has the Gratification of believing that his
own Labours for the Extenfon of Hiflorical
Literature have met with an intelligent
Approval.

CONTENTS.

CONTENTS.

Introdudion, ----- ___-_vii
Diary of the Siege of Detroit, _ _ _ _ i
Journal of the Siege of Detroit, - - - 121
General Bradftreet's Statement upon Indian Af
fairs, --------- --137
Papers relating to the Indian Wars of 1763 and
1764, and the Confpiracy of Pontiac, - - 159
Index, -- ----- ---- 288

INTRODUCTION

OTWITHSTANDING the Eng-
lifti found themfelves M afters of
Canada, by the Capitulation of
Montreal in September, 1760, the
French retained a Place in the
Memory of the Indian Tribes
which could not be alienated by
Treaties; and this Regard, which was gained by a long
Series of kind Offices and well-timed Prefents, was
ftrengthened rather than diminiftied by the Negledt and
Ill-ufage which thefe Sons of Nature received at the
Hands ofthe Englifti.
There was no longer any European Rival to con
tend againft; no Competition exifted for the Monopoly
and Profits of the Indian Trade, and no Rifk of an
Alliance with any civilized Power, to moleft the long
Frontier which had through many Years been defolated
with Fire, and kept in Mourning by the cruel Hand
of a lurking Enemy. The Motives for cultivating
the Friendftiip ofthe Indians, which had been di6tated by

viii IntroduSlion.
by Policy, no longer exifted, and thofe of Humanity
and common Juftice foon proved inadequate to fecure
thofe Favours which the Natives had long been accuf-
tomed to receive from the Whites, and which the In-
trodudtion of the Weapons and fome of the Arts, if
not the Vices, of Civilization, had to a certain Degree
rendered neceflary to their Comfort and Contentment.
It was impoffible for them to fall back upon the Ufe
of the Bow and Arrow, and the Club, after having be
come accuftomed to Fire Arms, and the only Means
of their procuring thefe Articles which had thus been
made neceflary to their Exiftence, was from the Eng
lifti, now fole Mafters of the Country, upon fuch
Terms and with fuch Sacrifices as unprincipled Traders
or haughty military Officers might exa6t or permit,
and if any Grievance arofe there was no longer an
Appeal to a friendly Ear, or Hope of better Times for
themfelves or their Children.
It will be remembered that the French ftill retained
Command of the Pofts upon the Miffiffippi ; that moft
of the Inhabitants of this Nation, who were fcattered
around the military Pofts in the Interiour, garrifoned
by Englifti Troops, were ftill living in Terms of Inti
macy with the Indians, and although yielding a formal
Allegiance to their new Mafters, were ftill national in
Language and in Heart, and finally that French Mif-
fionaries and Emiflaries were ftill living in the Indian
Villages throughout the Country. The War between France

IntroduSiion. ix
France and England, although fettled in North Ame
rica, was ftill raging in Europe, and a Series of fucceffful
Operations in the old World, might have ftill enabled
the French to claim the Relinquiftiment of Canada, as
one ofthe Conditions of Peace, as had occurred but a
few Years previous in the Refurrender of Louift>urgh,
upon the Ifland of Cape Breton, after its Capture by
New England Troops.
If in addition to thefe we remember, that the In
dians had been taught by their French Allies, that the
Grand Monarch of France was fcarcely lefs Omnipo
tent than Deity, that he loved his red Children and
would ultimately protedt them, — and that greatly per
verted Accounts of the true Relations exifting between
the two Countries were circulated among the Indians,
we ftiall have fufficient Reafons to account for the War
which devaftated the Frontiers in the Summer of 1763,
and in which Pontiac, the great Ottawa Chief, adled fo
confpicuous a Part.
Sir William Johnfon, whofe Opportunities for know
ing Indian Aflfairs were unfurpaflTed, and whofe Judg
ment is entitled to the higheft Refpeft in every thing
that concerns thefe People, thus wrote to the Lords of
Trade at the Period under Confideration :
"Without any Exaggeration, IlookupontheNorth-
"ern Indians to be the moft formidable of any unci-
" vilized Body of People in the World. Hunting and
" War are their fole Occupations, and the one quali fies

X IntroduBion.
" fies them for the other ; they have few Wants, and
"thofe are eafily fupplied; their Properties of little
"Value, confequently Expeditions againft them, how-
" ever fucceflTul, cannot diftrefs them, and they have
" Courage fufficient for their Manner of fighting, the
" Nature and Situation of their Countrys require not
" morg. "As the French well knew the Importance of the
" Indians, they wifely took Advantage ofour Negled,
"and altho' they were not able to eff^edt a proper Re-
" conciliation with the Six Nations, took Care to cul-
" tivate a good Underftanding with the Weftern In-
" dians, which the Safety of their Colony, and their
" ambitious Views of extending their Bounds, rendered
" indifpenfably neceflary; to effedl this, they wer^ at
" an imrrienfe Expenee in buying the Favour of the
" Indians. " On the Redudion of Montreal, whereby the Fron-
" tiers claimed by Canada were ceded to His Majefty,
" I thought it prudent to fend Mr. Croghan, one of
" my Deputys, with the Troops, who were to take
" Pofl"effiou of Detroit, etc., whereby I reconciled the
" Change to the neighbouring Indians, then in Arms
"againft us, and the next Year went in Perfon to
" Detroit, where I held a Conference with the feveral
" neighbouring Nations, the Particulars of which will
" appear from my Tranfadions laft Year tranfmitted
" to your LordPPS; but apprehenfive that our occupy ing

IntroduBion. xi
" ing thefe Outpofts would never be approved of,
" unlefs the Indians fliared our Favours, as they had
" been accuftomed to thofe ofthe French, I reprefented
"to the Commander-in-Chief, the neceffity of weaning
"them therefrom gradually, as well as the repeated
" Accounts I had conftantly tranfmitted me of the
" Uneafinefs amongft the Indians, and my Apprehen-
" fions thereon.
" The Indians of the Ottawa Confederacy (& who
" begun the prefent War) and alfo the Six Nations,
" however their Sentiments may have been mifrepre-
" fented, all along confidered the northern Parts of
" North America as their fole Property, from the Be-
" ginning ; and although the Conveniency of Trade
" (with fair Speaches and Promifes) induced them to
" affiard both us and the French, Settlements in their
" Country, yet they have never underftood fuch Set-
" tlement as a Dominion, efpecially as neither we, nor
" the French ever made Conqueft of them ; they have
" even repeatedly faid at feveral Conferences in my
" Prefence, that 'they were amufed by both Parties with
" Stories of their upright Intentions, and that they
" made War for the Protedion of the Indians' Rights,
" but that they plainly found it was carried on, to fee
"who would become Mafters of what was the Property
" of neither the one nor the other.' The French in
" order to reconcile them to thefe Encroachments,
" loaded them with Favours, and employed the moft
B intelligent

xii IntroduBion.
" intelligent Agents, of good Influence, as well as art-
" ful Jefuits, amongft the feveral weftern and other
" Nations, who by Degrees prevailed on them to admit
"of Forts, under the Notion of Trading Houfes, in
" their Country ; and knowing that thefe Pofts could
"never be maintained contrary to the Inclinations of
" the Indians, they fupplied them thereat with Ammu-
" nition and other Neceflaries in abundance, as alfo
"called them to frequent Congrefl"es, and difmifl'ed
" them with handfome Prefents ; by which they en-
" joyed an extenfive Commerce, obtained the Affift-
" ance of thefe Indians, and pofl'efl'ed their Frontiers in
" Safety ; and as without thefe Meafures, the Indians
"would never have fuffered them in their Country, fo
" they expefl that whatever European Power pofl"efl"es
" the fame, they fliall in fome meafure reap the like
"Advantages. Now, as thefe Advantages ceafed,
" on the Pofts being pofl"efled by the Englifti, and
"efpecially as it was not thought prudent to indulge
" them with Amunition, they immediately concluded
" we had Defigns againft their Liberties, which Opin-
" ion had been firft inftilled into them by the French,
" and fince promoted by Traders of that Nation and
" others who retired amongft them on the Surrender of
" Canada and are ftill there, as well as by Belts of
"Wampum and other Exhortations, which I am con-
" fidently afl"ured have been fent amongft them from the
" Illinois, Loulfiana and even Canada, for that Purpofe."
The

IntroduSiion . xiii
The Treatment which the Indians were accuftomed
to receive from the Englifli Traders has been fpeclfied
by Sir William Johnfon. ^
" The Frontier Traders, fenfible they have little to
"apprehend from their Condud, went ftill greater and
" more dangerous Lengths than their Superlours; from
"a Variety of unheard of Frauds, I fliall feled a very
" few Inftances which will tend to fliew to what Lengths
" fome of that Charader will go when fubjed to no
" Controul, and becaufe two of thefe Inftances were
" the Occafion ofour lofing the Trade and Aflfedlons
" of fome powerful Tribes of the Ottawaes, who were
"perfuaded to come the Length of Ofwego to Trade
'with us, and the laft Inftances caufed the Defedlon
"ofthe moft powerful Tribes ofthe Senecas.
" Several of the Ottawaes having traded for a con-
" fiderable Time at Ofwego, where they got fome Arti-
" cies which they could not procure from the French,
"an Ottawa Chief of great Influence with his Family,
"brought his Packs to a Trader there, in order to try
"the Market; the Trader, after the ufual Practice of
" deceiving him in the Weight, hurried the Peltry into
"a private Room, telling the Indian that all Mer-
" chandize was very dear, owing to the Severity of
" Dutys (a ftale, but dangerous Artifice ftill pradifed)
" defired him to choofe out what Goods he wanted ;
" the Indian having made a Choice, was aftonlffied to
1 Col. Hift. ofN. Y., VII, 955. find

xiv IntroduSiion.
find that his Skins produced not one third of what
he had been accuftomed to receive for the like Quan
tity (for the Trader had befides his Extortion on
the Goods reckoned the Peltry at only one third of
its real Weight) went away difcontented, but return
ing faid, he was afliamed to go back with fuch fmall
Returns, and begged for a fmall Keg of Rum,
which the Trader gave him, as he faid, as a high
Favour, but on opening the Keg foon after his De
parture It proved to be Water. Another Trader for
fome valuable Furrs, which he received from an Ottawa
Chief of great Influence, who came likewlfe to try
the Market, and defired to have his Returns in Rum
for a general Feaft, gave the Indian 30 fmall Kegs with
Diredlons not to open them by the Way, otherwife
the Trader would be punlflied for letting them have
fo much ; but the Indian before his Return to Nia
gara, being defirous of fome Liquor, opened them
and found them all Water. This has been often
acknowledged by thefe Traders, and on its coming
to the Knowledge of the French, they made fo good
a Ufe of It, that thefe People and all their Friends
were ever after our most implacable Enemies. The
next Inftance is that of aSeneca Warriour, whofe Influ
ence and Abilities were fo well known, that I found it
a very hard Talk to bring them over, which however
I at length effeded in 1756, when he came to me
with a large Party of Warrlours, who were to fet out on

IntroduSiion. xv
" on public Service in a few Days, but having fome
" Furrs to difpofe of, I gave them at their Defire a
" Paflport to Schenedady, wherein I recommended it
** to a Merchant and Trader there, to ufe them very
*' kindly, and to do them the ftrideft Juftice, notwith-
" ftanding which, this Enemy to the Interefts of his
" Country, impofed upon them in the grofl!eft Manner;
" it appearing from their Account, & his own Confef-
" fion fince, that as they were Strangers, he had doubled
" the Prices of his Goods and allowed them but half
" the Weight of their Peltry; this was refented ac-
" cordingly, the Indians took another Route back, and
" the Chief fent me a Belt of Wampum with a Mef-
" fage informing me of the Impofition (the Particulars
" of each Article being marked on the Handle of an Axe)
" and aflAirIng me that he ffiould always continue to have
" a perfonal Regard for me, but not the leaft for the
" Englifti who had ferved him fo often, but the laft
" Inftance was of fuch a Nature, that he had accepted
" of an Invitation from the French, who knew how to
*' treat them, and their Services ; he made his Words
" good ; in a few Days cut off a large Settlement, and
" continued our moft violent Enemy ever fince, par-
*' ticularly at Niagara In 1759, whilft it was not in my
" Power to have the unworthy Author punlflied. To
" this I muft fubjoln an Inftance in the Cafe of the
" Chief of all the Senecas, a Warriour, whofe Influence
" and Capacity were, and are well known here, whom I
had

xvi IntroduSiion.
"had fteadlly preferved In the Britifli Intereft, when
" we were almoft totally abandoned, this Man at the
" Eve ofthe late War, was thro' the Means of Liquor
" feduced by fome Agents at Albany to fubfcrlbe his
" Name to an Indian Deed for a Trad within the
"Bounds of Pennfylvania, but claimed by the Con-
" nedicut People, In Virtue of their obfolete Charter,
" which extended their weftern Limits to the South
" Seas. This being a moft iniquitous Proceeding
" highly refented by the Six Nations ; the few who fub-
" fcribed to it became obnoxious to the reft, partlcu-
" larly the Chief before mentioned, fo that he was
" obliged to fly to the French for Protedlon, who fo
" far won upon him, that he with a powerful Party
" who followed his Fortunes took up Arms ffiortly
" after, attacked a Body of Provincials at Lake George,
" whom they totally defeated and killed 45. Since
"which he was concerned in the moft important Ser-
" vices againft us, cut off fome of our Settlements, and
" occafioned the Deaths of more than 400 of our
" People. Thefe, It Is prefumed, will fuffice to fhew
"the Effeds of the Refentment of a few Indian Indi-
" viduals." Such being the Caufes of DIfaffedlon, and fuch the
Motives ftill remaining with the French to encourage
Indian Hoftilities, there was wanting only a Leader
around whom to Rally and upon whom to rely for
DIredlon

IntroduSiion. xvii
Diredion and Counfel, and fuch a Chieftain was found
in the Perfon of Pontiac.
By Merit as well as by Birth he had gained the
Pofitlon of principal Chief of the Ottawas, and his
Achievements and Talents had gained him an Influence
fcarcely lefs powerful over theOjibwas, Pottawottamles,
and In fad over almoft all the Races of the Algonquin
Stock. The Seneca Tribe of the Six Nations were
alfo brought into this Alliance, and led by this ener
getic, crafty and vindldlve Enemy of the Englifli to
unite in a Plan for the fimultaneous Deftrudlon of the
Pofts along the whole Frontier, as the Prelude of a
general War of Extermination.
Pontiac was about fifty Years of age. He was a
Friend to the French, whofe Fortunes he ardently de
fired to retrieve In Canada, and from whom he had
without doubt been promlfed large Reinforcements
and unlimited Supplies. The Merchandife ftored at
Detroit and other Pofts In the Interiour, at the Time
Hoftilities began, were alone fufficient to provoke the
Cupidity of the Savages, with much fewer Grounds for
Grievance than adually exifted, and at Detroit alone,
the Value of Goods was eftlmated at half a million
Pounds Sterling.!
In the Code of Indian Warfare, that Meafure is
honourable which Is fucceffful, and Treachery, Craft and
Force may be alike employed, as Circumftances favour
1 Lanman's Hift. Michigan, p. 107. one

xviii IntroduSiion.
one or another. With thefe People, a Parole of Honour
or the Obfervance of a Truce, would have been faith
fully kept only fo far as a Fear of Confequences com
pelled them, and the Incidents concerning the Deten
tion of Col. Campbell and Lieut. McDougal, as re
lated in the following Pages, furnifties but one of a
Multitude of Inftances which Hiftory affords in Proof
of the Fad, that the Natives knew no Code of
Honour where an Advantage could be gained by a
Breach of Truft.
The Hatred felt by the Indians towards the Engliffi,
began to affume a centralized and efficient Form in
1762, in the Fall of which Year Pontiac fent Meffen-
gers with War Belts far and wide, calling every where
upon the Warrlours of his Race to unite and at a con
certed Moment to fall upon and deftroy the neareft
Military Pofts of the Englifti, affuringthem that their
Father, the Grand Monarch, would fuftain them In
their Effort, and that they would be able to drive
thefe hated Englifli from their Land.
The Incidents which marked the Execution of this
Defign are related In the following Pages, and the high
Degree of military Merit which faved Detroit from the
Fate of many other Frontier Pofts, will long remain a
Subjed of Admiration.
The Diary printed In the following Pages, we be
lieve to be now for the firft time publlflied, and although
Its Author is unknown, we have Reafon to Infer from
feveral

IntroduSiion . xix
feveral Allufions to himfelf, and References to other
Records kept along with It, that he was the Secretary
of the Commandant, and that he was fully in his Con
fidence. The Manufcrlpt Is all in one Hand-writing,
and Is written upon about half a dozen Sizes of Paper,
which were evidently In loofe Sheets at the Time, and
have fince been bound in one Volume.
It was purchafed from a Bookfeller in London, and
Its former Owner had begun to print It ; but finding,
after getting through thirty-two Pages, that the Sheets
had not been bound up in Chronological Order, the
Enterprlfe was abandoned, until It came into the
Hands of the Publiflier of the prefent Series. It bears
conclufive Evidence of Authenticity, and is believed to
offer new and valuable Contributions to our Knowledge
ofthe Events to which It relates.
The Tribes, one by one, were gradually won back to
Peace with the Englifli through the Addrefs of Sir
William Johnfon and others, whofe Sagacity led them
to this Pacification by Detail, rather than to attempt a
general Treaty with all the hoftile Tribes, as this might
lead to a Union among them that would be dangerous
In its Tendencies and difficult to controul.
The Pride and Hatred of Pontiac long kept him
aloof from thefe Negotiations, and many an ineffedual
Effort he made to Interrupt them ; but the final and
conclufive Intelligence of Peace between France and
England, received from the French themfelves, at
C length

XX IntroduSiion.
length convinced them that the laft Hope of Succour
had vaniftied, and that no Effort of theirs could Benefit
their loved and cherlflied Allies, or controul the Pro-
grefs ofthe Englifli.
Pontiac concluded a Peace with George Croghan,
Deputy of Sir William Johnfon, at Detroit, In Auguft,
1765, and promlfed to meet Sir William at Ofwego in
the Spring following to ratify the Peace in Perfon, and
from this Vlfit he returned laden with Gifts to the
Maumee, where he fpent the fucceeding Winter. In
1767, new Sources of Annoyance to the Indians were
encountered by the Infults and Aggreffions of the
Frontier Settlers, and a brief but bloody War enfued
on the Borders of Virginia, in which Pontiac Is not
known to have been concerned. During the Summer
of 1767, he went to the Illinois, and foon after repaired
to St. Louis to vifit his Friend St. Ange, who then
commanded at that Poft. He was treated with great
Kindnefs, and two or three Days after, hearing that a
large Nurnber of Indians were affembled at Cahokia,
on the oppofite Side of the River, for fome fecial Pur
pofe, he refolved to crofs over and fee what was In
Progrefs. He was advlfed to the Contrary, but rely
ing upon his own Courage and feeing no Danger, he
went. The clofing Scene of his Life we cannot fp well re
late as In the Language of Francis Parkman, Jr., of
Bofton, whofe beautifully written Hiftory of the Con
fpiracy

IntroduSiion. xxi
fpiracy of Pontiac, evinces a great Amount of Refearch,
and a high Degree of literary Merit.
* * "The Place was full of Illinois Indians; fuch
" a Scene as In our own Time may often be met with
" In fome fqualld Settlement of the Border, where the
" vagabond Guefts, bedizened with dirty Finery, tie
" their fmall Horfes in Rows along the Fences, and
" ftroll Idly among the Houfes, or lounge about the
" Dram-fliops. A Chief fo renowned as Pontiac could
" not remain long among the friendly Creoles of Ca-
" hokia without being fummoned to a Feaft ; and at
" fuch primitive Entertainment the Whiflcey Bottle
" would not fail to play Its Part. This was in truth
" the Cafe. Pontiac drank deeply, and, when the
" Caroufal was over, ftrode down the Village Street to
" the adjacent Woods, where he was heard to fing the
" Medicine Songs, In whofe magick Power he trufted
" as the Warrant of Succefs in all his Undertakings.
" An Englifh Trader, named Willlamfon, was then
" in the Village. He had looked on the Movements
" of Pontiac with a Jealoufy probably not diminiflied
"by the Vifit ofthe Chief to the French at St. Louis ;
" and he now refolved not to lofe fo Favourable an
" Opportunity to defpatch him. With this View, he
" gained the Ear of a ftroUing Indian belonging to the
" Kaflcaflcia Tribe of the Illinois, bribed him with a
" Barrel of Liquor, and promlfed him a farther Reward
" if he would kill the Chief. The Bargain was quickly made.

xxii IntroduSiion.
" made. When Pontiac entered the Foreft, the Affaf-
" fin ftole upon his Track, and watching his Moment,
" glided behind him, and buried a Tomahawk In his
" Brain. " The dead Body was foon difcovered, and ftartled
" Cries and wild Howlings announced the Event.
" The Word was caught up from Mouth to Mouth,
" and the Place refounded with Infernal Yells. The
" Warrlours fnatched their Weapons. The Illinois
" took Part with their guilty Countryman, and the few
" Followers of Pontiac, driven from the Village, fled
" to fpread the Tidings and call the Nations to Re-
" venge. Meanwhile the murdered Chief lay on the
" Spot where he had fallen, until St. Ange, mindful of
" former Frlendfhip, fent to claim the Body, and
" burled It with warlike Honours, near his Fort of St.
" Louis. " Thus bafely perlflied this Champion of a ruined
" Race. But could his Shade have revlfited the Scene
" of Murder, his favage Spirit would have exulted In
" the Vengeance which overwhelmed the Abettors ofthe
" Crime. Whole Tribes were rooted out to expiate it.
" Chiefs and Sachems, whofe Veins had thrilled with
" his Eloquence, young Warrlours, whofe afpiring
" Hearts had caught the Infplratlon of his Greatnefs,
" muftered to revenge his Fate, and from the North
" and the Eaft, their united Bands defcended on the
" Villages of the Illinois. Tradition has but faintly
preferved

IntroduSiion. xxiii
" preferved the Event ; and Its only Annallfts, Men
"who held the inteftine Feuds ofthe Savage Tribes In
" no more Account than the Quarrels of Panthers or
" Wild-cats, have left but a meagre Record. Yet
" enough remains to tell us that over the Grave of
" Pontiac more Blood was poured out In Atonement
" than flowed from the Hecatombs of flaughtered
" Heroes on the Corpfe of Patroclus ; and the Rem-
" nant ofthe Illinois who furvived the Carnage re -
" malned for ever after funk in utter Infignificance.
" Neither Mound nor Tablet marked the Burial-
" place of Pontiac. For a Maufoleum, a City has rifen
" above the Foreft Hero ; and the Race whom he
" hated with fuch burning Rancour trample with un-
" ceafing Footfteps over his forgotten Grave."
The Papers which follow the Diary In this Volume
are now moftly printed for the firft Time, from original
Manufcripts In the State Library at Albany, and will
be found to have an interefting Relation to the Con
fpiracy of Pontiac and the Wars of that Period. The
Alarms which thefe Events occafioned on the Frontier
were fcarcely lefs Dlftreffing than adual Hoftilities, and
thefe were often greatly aggravated by Rumours of In-
vafions and Murders which proved groundlefs and ab-
furd. The Refources of the Country, and the Spirit
ofthe Inhabitants were, however, tefted by this Crifis,
and Hiftory is enriched with Details, which might not
have been otherwife preferved.
Albany, Feb. i, i860. F. B. H.

DIARY

OF THE

SIEGE OF DETROIT,

DIARY

OF THE

SIEGE OF DETROIT.

Detroit, May i, 1763.
HE I ft of May Pondlac, the moft '763-
confiderable Man in the Ottawa Na- ^!^'
tion, came here with about 50 of* his
Men,! gj; (-Q^ tj^e Commandant^ that In a
few Days when the reft ofhis Nation came
in he Intended to come and make him a
formal Vifit, as is the Cuftom with all the Na-

1 The Pontiac MSS. quoted by
Parkman and afcribed to a French
Prieft, fays the Party numbered
forty. The Commandant in writ
ing to Sir Jeffrey Amherft, ftates
the Number as fifty. They came
for the nominal Purpofe of dancing
the Calumet Dance and declaring
their Friendftiip for the Englifti,
but in reality to afcertain the
Strength of the Garrifon, and the
Nature and Extent of their Means
of Defence. While moft of them

were dancing, the others were ftroU
ing about the Premifes, narrowly
examining ^.y^ry^xxv^.-^P arkman' s
Pontiac, p, 201.
^ Major Henry Glad wyn, had
but a fliort Time previous to this
Date, fucceeded Major Campbell in
the Command of this Poft. He
had accompanied Braddock in his
unfortunate Expedition in 1755,
was made Captain in the 80th or
Gage's Jjight Armed Foot, Dec. 25,
tions

2 Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit.
1763. tions once a Year.3 The 7th he came with all the
^^y- Ottawa and Part of feveral other Nations, but we faw
'~y from their Behavior & from Reports that they were
not well intentioned, upon which the Commandant
took fuch Precautions that when they enter'd the Fort
(tho they were by the neareft acc*^ about 300 hundred
and arm'd with Knives, Tomahawks, & a great many
with Guns cut ffiort and hid under their Blankets)
they were fo much furpriz'd to fee our Dlfpofitions
that they wou'd fcarcely fit down to Council ; however
In about half an Hour after they faw that we were pre
pared for the worft, they fat down & made feveral
Speaches which were anfwer'd as calmly as if we did
not fufped them at all, and after receiving fome To
bacco & Bread & fome other Prefents they went away
>- to their Camp.^ This Morning a Party fent by him
for that Purpofe took Capt. Robinfon & Sir Robert

1757, and commiffioned Major of
that Regiment, June 20, 1759. In
December of the Year following, he
became a Major in the regular
Army. He continued in Command at De
troit through the Seige of Pontiac,
and until relieved, Aug. 31, 1764.,
upon the Arrival of the Army un
der Col. Bradftreet.
He was promoted to the Rank of
Lieutenant-Colonel, Sept. 17, 1763,
and to that of Major-General, Sept.
26, 1782. He died at Stubbing,
near Chefterfield, County of Derby,
England, Tune 22, 1 79 1.
^ Referring to the Ojibwa, Pot
tawattamie and Wyandot Tribes,
who were leagued together in this
Enterprife.

* Other Authorities ftate that but
fixty Indians were permitted to en
ter the Fort. All the Troops and
Employees about the Premifes were
drawn up in military Array, and as
Pontiac and his Men paffed on to the
Council Houfe, he found Majqr
Gladwyn and his Ofiicers fitting
armed with Swords and Piftols. It
was evident that the Purpofe of the
Vifit was underftood, and the crafty
Savage was overawed. As he came
to that Part of his Speech in which
he was to have given the Signal for
Attack, a roll of Drums and clafli
of Arms at the Entrance confufed
him, and he fat down. The Com
mandant has been cenfured for not
detaining him, which he probably
would have done had he lufpeded
the Extent of the Plot. Davers

Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit.
Davers in a Barge near the Mouth of Lake Huron,
which Capt. Robinfon went to found. They with
Part of the Boat's Crew were put to Death,^ the reft
they took Prifoners as we were afterwards Informed.
The Sth Pondlac return'd with a Pipe of Peace in
order to aflc Commandant leave to come next Day with
his whole Nation to bury all bad Reports, but the
Commandant wou'd not give him leave but told him
if he had any thing to fay he might come with the reft
ofthe Chiefs and he would hear them. However in-
ftead of coming /he 9th In the after Noon he ftruckhls
Camp and croff'd the River within \ a Mile of the
Fort,^ but being inform'd by the Interpreter that he
would not be permitted to come in, he embark'd again
& he commenc'd Hoftilities by killing the King's
Cattle that were on an Ifland about 3 Miles from the
Fort,'^ with the People that took care of them, and a
poor Englifli Family that had juft built a little Houfe
there,^ as alfo another Englifli Family that liv'd juft
behind the Fort.^ He alfo cut ofthe Communication
^ An anonymous Letter, dated at ^ Ifle au Cochon or Hog Ifland,
Detroit, July 9, 1763, and printed is now on the American Side of the
in the Pennfylvania Gazette, Nos. National Boundary. It is two Miles
1,807, 1.808, ftates that the Body long and one wide.
of Sir Robert Davers was boiled
and eaten. Mr. Paully (whofe * The Perfon killed here was
Efcape from the Enemy is elfewhere named James Fifher, who had been
noticed) faw the Skin of Capt. a Sergeant of the Regulars. A fur-
Robertfon's Arm in ufe as a To- ther Account of this Murder is given
bacco Pouch. Thefe Murders oc- in Rogers's Narrative in the fubfe-
curred May 9, 1763. — Parkmarfs quent Pages of this Volume. His
Pontiac, p. 207. Wife and four Soldiers are by fome
Accounts reported as having been
^ The Ottawa Camp had previ- murdered at the fame Time. —
oufly been about five Miles above Thatcher, Lanman.
on the eaft Side of the River. *This Family was that of an
from

4 Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit.
1763. from the Fort to the Inhabitants on each Side fo that
May- we cou'd not get the leaft Thing brought Into the Fort.
""^ He told the Inhabitants that the firft of them that
ftiou'd bring us any Provifions or any thing that cou'd
be of any Service to us, they wou'd put that Family to
Death. They alfo furrounded the Fort & fired a vaft
Number of Shots at it and the Veffels which were an-
chor'd fo as to flank the Fort both above and below.io
The Garrifon lay upon the Arms all Night, not being
above 120 Men,ii Merchants, Sick & Officers. The

EngHfli Woman, named Turnbull,
who lived outfide of the Fort on a
diftant Part of the Common. Ma
jor Gladwyn had given her a Piece
of Land for her Refidence. — Lan
man's Michigan, 106.
1" There were two fmaU armed
Veflels lying before the Fort at this
Time, named the Beaver and the
Gladwyn. They rendered efiicient
Service in the Siege, and kept the
Enemy from approaching by Water.
11 The Garrifon at the Beginning
ofthe Siege confifted of one hundred
and twenty-two Men and eight Ofii
cers, befides about forty Fur-traders
and Engagees, who were more in
clined to the French and were will
ing to be neutral. The Fort was
Quadrilateral, with one Side near
the water's Edge, and confifted of
a fingle Row of Pahfades twenty-
five feet high, with Block-houfes over
the Gates and at the Angles. It
contained two Six-pounders, one
Three-pounder and three Mortars,
badly mounted and calculated rather
to infpire Terror than to do Exe
cution among the fkulking Savages

who fo afliduoufly watched the Fort,
feldom venturing in Numbers within
Range ofthe great Guns, but ready
to take off the unlucky Perfon who
might chance to fliow his Head
above the Pickets, or his Body be
fore a Port hole.
This Enclofure contained about
100 finali Dwelhngs, clofely built
upon narrow Streets, a Council-
houfe, a fmaU Church and Barracks
for the Troops. A wider Street,
called the Chemin du Ronde, led
around the Buildings adjacent to the
Pickets. The Buildings were of
Wood and very Uable to be fet on
Fire by burning Arrows. The
Church was particularly expofed to
this Cafiialty, as it flood near to the
Palifades, but the Indians were
threatened by the French Prieft with
the anger ofthe Great Spirit, if they
did not defift from their Attempts
to fire this Building. The Garrifon
by keeping conftant Watch and
plenty of Water in Cifterns, pre
vented Fires from taking. The
River is here half a mile Wide. —
Dijcourje of Lewis Cafs, before the
Hift. Soc. of Michigan, Sept. 1 8,
1829, p. 29. 1 0th

Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit.
lOth they furrounded it again and fired very brllkly till
about II or 12 o' Clock when they made fome Propo-
fals for an Accommodation (which was lucky for us,
as It gave us Time to get Provifions In to the King's
Store as we had not above three Weeks at fliort allow
ance), and Capt. Campbell and Lieut. McDougal, ^^
with the principal Part of the French, who faid they
would be anfwerable for their Return, went out to hold
a Council with him, but as foon as Pondlac got them
in his Poffeffion, he chang'd his Mind & would not
come to Terms as he had a few Hours before promif 'd
the French, who feem'd to do all In their Power to
make him difperfe his People, but on the contrary fent
Word to the Commandant that he muft leave the Fort

12 Major Donald Campbell had
been fucceeded by Gladwyn but a
few Days before. M. Gouin, a
friendly Canadian, finding that thefe
Men were in great Danger, haftily
fent a Meflage for them not to come
out, but as they had already ftarted
with La Bulte, one of the Interpre
ters and fome other French, they
would not heed the Warning and
paffed on. When they came to a
rifing Ground, beyond which the
Indians lay, the latter ran yelling
towards them, as if they were pri
foners running the Gauntlet, but
Pontiac allayed the Tumult, and led
them to a Lodge, where fome few
Words were fpoken, but on their
propofing to Return they found
themfelves Prifoners. They were
quartered in the Houfe of M. Me-
loche, near Parent Creek, and clofely
guarded, but otherwife well treated
for the Prefent. Two Indians had
been detained in the Fort a few

Days before, and were ftill in the
Hands of the Englifli, which doubt-
lefs prevented the Savages from Afls
of Violence at this Time.
On the 4th of July following, a
Nephew of an Ojibwa Chief, was
kiUed and fcalped by a Party frora
the Fort. Upon hearing this News,
the enraged Uncle ran to the Houfe
of Meloche, feized Major Camp
bell, bound him faft to a Fence and
killed him with Arrows. He was
afterwards ftiockingly mangled, and
it was reported that his Heart was
eaten by the Savages. Lieut. Mc-
Dougall inftantly fled, and fucceed
ed in reaching the Fort in Safety.
Some Authors have ftated that the
Murder of Major Campbell was
approved by Pontiac, while others
afiirm that he was highly offended,
and that the Murderer was obhged
to efcape beyond his Reach. —
Parkman's Pontiac, 211, 260 ;
MSS. Sir Wm. Johnfon, vol. vii. as

6 Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit.
1763- as M. Bell Etre did, that was to fay to take Provlfion
M^^' enough with him to carry him to Niagara, but to leave
"j^ all the Merchandise. 13 Xo which the Commandant
anfwer'd that he cou'd not come to any Terms with
him until he fent back Capt. Campbell & Lieut. Mc
Dougal, for whom he wou'd give up the two Potta-
wattamies that he had detained for them. The Garri
fon lay on their Arms all Night as ufual. We were
at the fame Time told by fome French that they
thought the beft thing we cou'd do wou'd be to fave
ourfelves in the Veffels, as there was 1000, fome faid
1500 Indians ready to fall upon all Sides of the Fort,
but they got for Anfwer that if In cafe they were three
times a numerous there was not an Officer or.^^
12 In the Morning Pondlac fent another Meffage de-
firing the Fort to be given up, as before, to which the
Commandant gave an equivocal Anfwer to gain Time,
to get Provlfion, having for two Nights before em-
ploy'd fome French Men to put fome Corn and Pares
Geefe on board the Veffels unknown to the Indians.
The twelfth In the Morning they furrounded the Fort
& fired upon it and the Veffels for about four Hours
very briflcly, tho at fo great a Diftance that we had but
one Man flightly wounded in the Fort and another on
board one of the Veffels. We kill'd three or four of
them and wounded nine or ten. We fet fire to fome
out Houfes from behind which they annoy'd us. The
Garrifon lay upon their Arms on the Rampart all
Night, as they had done for three Nights before. The
1^ M. P. de Beletere was the laft Rangers to Philadelphia. — Rogers's
French Commandant at Detroit, Journal, p. 229.
before its Surrender to the Englifli
in the Autumn of 1 760. He was " The Sentence in the Manufcript

fent with the other Prifoners undcr thus ends abruptly.
the Care of Lieut. Holmes and thirty

thirteenth

Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit.
thirteenth in the Morning we heard that the Hurons
had Interfepted one Chapman,!^ with five Battoes or
Canoes loaded with Merchandize, amongft which they
got fixteen half Barrels of Powder and fome Rum, &
that they were all drunk with It, upon which Hop-
kins,!^ with twenty-five Men, among whom were Mr.
Starling, Mr. Watkins and McCormick, Voluni^^ went
on board the Sloop in order to go oppofite the Huron
Village,!^ and under the fire of her Cannon to land
and burn It with their Booty and their Corn, the Wind
being favorable to go up or down the River, but un
luckily before he got Halfway there the Wind ftiifted
and he was obliged to return, but by the Fire that the
Huron kept while the Veffel was under Sail it did not
appear that they were Drunk or off their Guard. They
conftantly fired on the Fort & Veffels till dark, but
without doing the leaft Damage. This Afternoon
^^ Chapman was a Trader, who. Awe with which the Natives regard-
without fiifpefting Hoftihties, was ed Lunatics and Idiots, has been
approaching Detroit. Heckewelder often remarked by Hiftorians, and
relates {Hift. Ind. Nat. 250), of a aids in explaining fome ftriking In-
Man of this Name, and perhaps the cidents in their Annals. Chapman
Perfon here referred to, that after was brought in and furrendered July
being kept fome Time by a French- 1 2th, 1763.
man, the Indians refolved to burn
him ahve. He was bound to the ^^ Captain Hopkins had Charge
Stake, and the Flames were kindled, of a Company of Rangers, and in
when in the Agonies ofthat Moment the numerous Skirmifties and Sorties
an Indian handed him a Bowl of that occurred during the Siege, he
Broth. Upon touching it with his is often mentioned as having had
Lips, it was found boihng hot, and the Command.
in an Inftant he threw the Difli and
its Contents into the Face of the ^"^ The HvifQii Village lay Eaft of
Savage. " He is mad ! he is mad !" the River, a fliort Diftance below
ftiouted the Crowd, and haftily Detroit. A Miflionary of the Order
quenching the Fire, they reheved of Carthufian Friars, by Permiffion
him from his horrid Fate and fet of the Biftiop of Canada refided
him at Liberty. The fuperftitious there. — Carver's 2''ravels, p. 92.
burn'd

Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit.
burn'd feveral out Houfes from behind which they
annoy'd us. The Garrifon lay on Ramparts as ufual.
The twelfth in the Evening Pondlac fent in another
Meffage demanding the Fort, at the fame Time faying
that the firing ftiou'd feafe until an Anfwer was fent ;
this was to get Time to bring of the. Dead and
Wounded that had fallen In the Morning as appear'd
from about thirty or forty of them coming about the
Fort without Arms Immediately after the Meffenger
arrived, but not fo near as to be taken ; after this
Meffenger ariv'd we found that the Corn, Flower &
Bare's Greafe that we had put on board the Veffels &
that we found In the Fort would laft us for upwards of
three Months.
The Anfwer to the above Meffage Is in the Memo
randum ofthe 1 6th.
H The fourteenth 18 they began firing at about eleven
o'clock and continued till dark, not daring to approach
nearer than the neareft Houfes that cou'd cover them,
which was upwards of two hundred Yards off. They
fir'd a great deal but more upon the Veffels than on
^* Major Gladwyn appears to ately on the Arrival of the Schooner
have fucceeded this Day in getting from the Detroit, fent off a Rein-
off a Letter to Gen. Amherft, as forcement of fifty Men with a Lieu-
appears from an Epiftle of the latter tenant and non-commiflioned Offi-
to Col. Bradftreet, Q. M. G., dated cers, which I truft will have arrived
June 22, 1763 : in Time to fave the Place. I well
* * * " Major Gladwyn writes know that you are always ready,
me of the 14th May, that the De- however I think it neceffary to ac-
troit was invefted by a large Body quaint you to be prepared for move-
of Indians ; but that the Garrifon ing at a moment's Warning, as, if
was in high Spirits, and he was in the Savages are not quickly reduced,
Hopes of being able to defend the I believe I fliall employ you on a
Place untill he received fome Sue- Command which I am certain will
cours from Niagara ; & Major Wil- be agreeable to yow." —Bradftreet
kifis acquaints me he had, immedi- & Amherft Papers, p. 140. the

Pontiac'' s Siege of Detroit. c
the Fort. We had this Day a Searjeant and one pri- 1763.
vate Man wounded. May.
Laft Night thefe Indians made a kind of Breaftwork "JT^
between the Fort and Mr. St. Martin Houfe of fome
Pickets that he had for a Garden.i^ This Morning
we cut two Embrafures through the Stockades for two
four Pounders with which we Intended to diflodge them
in cafe they fhould return again. But inftead of their
coming to fire In the Manner they had done yefterday,
there was only a few of them came and began firing
fcattering Shot at eleven o' Clock & continued fo till
the Evening which we did not mind. This Morning
a Party went out and burn'd the remainder of the
Houfes that was near the Fort from behind which they
annoy'd the Veffels. They day before yefterday we
were informed that Mr. Rutherford, ^o who was with
Capt. Robinfon, was not kill'd but remains a Prifoner
with the Indians.
The Garrifon lay on their Arms to night as ufual.
The Anfwer the Commandant fent to the verbal 16
Meffage that Pondlac fent the 12th in the Evening
was. That he was not fent here to give up the Fort to
Indians, and advifed Pondlac to difperfe his People
and take care of his Ammunition to hunt with.
This Morning at 11 o'Clock they began to fire fcat-
1^ St. Martin, a French Interpre- fubfequently purchafed by M. Cue-
ter, lived near the Fort, and his here, from the Indians, for £80
Houfe was a convenient Point from worth in Goods, but Pontiac upon
whence the Indians might annoy learning the Faft went with a.Eody
the Garrifon. The Owner appears of fifty Men and reclaimed him,
to have been very kindly difpofed faying it was not a good Precedent
toward the Englifti, and on the 30th to fell Prifoners to the French. He
of June withdrew with his Family efcaped to the Fort on the firft Day
into the Fort. of Auguft. — Lanman's Hift. Michi
gan, 108.

20

Mr. Samuel Rutherford was

tering

IO Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit.
1763- tering Shot from Mr. S' Martins Houfe & Mr. Ba-
^^y- bles,2i and continued till Evening, but without doing
J 5 us any Damage.
The moft of the Inhabitants affembled themfelves
to day to fpeake to Pondlac, who told them before he
would give over his Defign he wou'd fend two French
men and two Indians to the Illinois to inform himfelf
whether what we had told him with regard to the Peace
was true or not, & as to Capt. Campbelle & Lieut.
McDougal he wou'd take care of them, and deliver
them to the Commandant that he had fent for from
the Illinois.
This Day a few Shot were fired as ufual from Mr.
Babies & Mr. S' Martins Houfes at the Veffels with
out doing any Execution. The Garrifon lay on the
Ramparts.
'7 This Day there was not above a dozen Indians ap
peared within fight of the Fort, who did not fire above
twenty Shot. The Garrifon lay on the Rampart.
'^ This Day a few Shot were fired from S* Martins &
Babie as ufual without Damage. The Garrifon lay on
the Ramparts.
'9 This Day we were very quiet, not having ten Shot
fired at us. We were laft Night inform'd that there
was upwards of 150 Indians gone to the Mouth ofthe
River to Interfept fome Party's that we expeded from
Niagara, upon which the Commandant ordered the
Scooner to be got ready for Sea to fend her down to
cover t em in cafe they came fafe to the Mouth of the
^1 M. Babie, a Frenchman ineafy ing fuch of his Goods as he could
Circumftances, evinced the greateit remove, and leaving the Remainder
Friendftiip to the Englifli, and fe- at the Mercy of the Indians. His
cretly furniflied them with Provi- Houfe was burned by the Englifli
fions, at a Time when they were as a precaurionary Meafure on the
much needed. He came intothe 25th of Auguft.

Fort with his Family, July 3, bring-

Rlver.

Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit. 1 1
River. We alfo receiv'd fome Letters laft Night from 1763.
Fort S' Jofephs by an Indian that we had fent from ^^y-
here, every thing there feem'd quiet and the Indians ^o
declar'd great deal of Friendfliip for the Garrifon.
This Evening a Man that was taken Prifoner fix
Days ago by fome Ottawas and Mingoes In the Huron
River ariv'd here by the Affiftance of two or three
Frenchmen that were coming down that River. He
Inform'd us that he was hired with one Crawford a
Trader who was on his way Home, that about 15 In
dians met with them and laid down their Arms and
call'd them Brothers, but after having reconnoiter'd
them and finding they had a great quantity of Peltry
fell upon them and took them all Prifoners and obllg'd
them to return with them to a carrying Place on a fmall
River that runs into the Miamis, from whence he
made his Efcape as the Indians took him from a
French Man, he fpeaking a little French.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts as ufual.
The 21. At eleven o'Clock the Scooner fall'd for 21
the Mouth of the River with a N. E. WInd.22 No
Indians appear'd near the Fort to day till the After
noon when a few came and fired fome Shot at the
Sloop. At fix in the Evening It was reported the Scooner
was run aground, upon which all the Indians gather'd
themfelves together to attack her, but the foremoft
Cannoe having one Man kill'd by a Shot from her
frightened the reft fo much that they put afliore again.
This Morning at 8 o'Clock we were Inform'd that 22
^^ Other Accounts ftate that the Erie with all her Crew, through
Veffel which failed this Day for Nia- the Obftinacy of her Commander,
gara, was the Gladwin, the fmaUer who could not be prevailed upon to
ofthe two, and rated at about eighty take in fufficient Ballaft. — Carver's
tons. Carver records the Faft that Travels, p. 99.
fhe was afterwards loft on Lake after

12 Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit.
1763. after the Indians had attempted to attack the Schooner
^^y- ftie carryed out an Anchor and hall'd off and this
"^ Morning arriv'd at the Mouth of the River.
At 9 o'clock Mr. S* Martin came with a Meffage
from the Hurons, who defir'd him to tell the Com
mandant that they had been forc'd Into the War by the
Ottawas, that they had taken Chapman & his Mer
chandize, as alfo a Cannoe with five Engliflimen com
ing from Sanduflcy yefterday, among whom were Mr.
Smallman & two Jews, who muft have all fallen into
worfe hands If they had not taken them, as they had
not killed any of them ; they defired to know what
Opinion the Commandant had of them, that If he
wou'd make Peace with them they wou'd give up
their Prifoners and pay Chapman for the Part of his
Merchandife that fell to their Lot In the DIvifion
of them with the other Indians ; to which the Com
mandant defir'd the Interpreter, Mr. S* Martin, to
anfwer that upon thefe Conditions he wou'd take It
upon himfelf to make Peace with them for the Prefent
and recommend them to the General,23 who he made
no doubt wou'd make It a lafting one if their future be
havior fhould merit it. They alfo offer'd to get them
felves entrench'd on a fmall Ifland at the Mouth of
the River and proted all Merchants Boats from the
other Nations that fliould arlve there. But the Com
mandant did not alk that of them for feveral good
Reafons, but would rather they fliou'd perform their
Promifes & remain quiet, or ufe their Endeavors to
feparate Pondlac & his followers, who at this Time
had cut off all Communication between us and our
Outpofts, as alfo lay in wait at different Places to in
tercept all Merchants that might be on their way hither.
^ Sir Jeffrey Amherft, then Com- mander-in-Chief of the Britifti forces
in North America.
He

Pontiac s Siege of Detroit. 1 3
He reign'd at this Time with moft defpotic Sway J 763.
over the French, making feveral of them plow Land ^^y'
for him to put Corn in the Ground, and after they ^2
had done wou'd kill their Cattle. Three Days ago he
fent fix Frenchmen with fome Indians amongft fome
other Nations to advertife them of what he was doing
and to bring him Word from the Illinois wheather
what we had told him with regard to the Peace was
true or not.-"^
We had not one Shot fir'd at us to day, notwlthftand-
ing which the Garrifon lay on the Ramparts as ufual.
This Morning Pondlac being inform'd that the 2
Scooner was on Ground, forc'd Capt. Campbelle to
crofs the River with him in order to put him on board
of a Cannoe to go and tell the Commander of her to
give her to the Indians, but when he ariv'd at the
Huron Village he was again inform'd that flie was in
the Lake, upon which he return'd. When Pondlac
propofed this to Capt. Campbelle, he told him he
might put him to death for he wou'd not go, but Pon
dlac told him he rrauld not put him to death, but he
would oblige him to go, and forc'd hlm.^^^
We had not one Shot fir'd at us to day.
The Huron3 promif 'd to remain neuter for five or
^ The Commandant at the lUi- ^5 Other Accounts ftate that the
nois was at this Time M. de Neyon, Schooner lay becalmed, upon dif-
who was ftationed at Fort Chartres, covering which the Indians came
the principal Poft of the French in out in their Canoes, with Major
that Region. This was located near Campbell in the Prow of the fore-
Ka(kafkia, on the Miffiflippi, in the moft as a Shield againft the Fire of
prefent County of Randolph, IU. the Englifti. The brave old Ofiicer
It was built in 1720, under the called out to the Crew to do their
Aufpices of the Mifliffippi Com- Duty regardlefs of the Confequences
pany. The Capitulation of Mon- to him — Parkman's Pontiac, z^o.
treal did not include the Remote
French Pofts beyond the great
Lakes. — Brown's Hift. III., 165. fix

14 Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit.
^7^1- fix Days to try If they cou'd not by fome Means get
M^y- Pondlac to feparate his People, at the Expiration of
""^ which Time they expeded fome of the Delaware &
Shawany Chiefs who was to join with them & oblige
Pondlac to come to their Terms.
The Garrifon lay upon the Ramparts as ufual.
2. At about feven in the Evening the Indians fur
rounded us and began to fire on the Sloop and con
tinued till about ten o'Clock, when the People on
board obferv'd a great Number firing from one Place
they pointed a fix Pounder and fir'd it, after which
they did not fire ten Shot tho they had fir'd upwards
of a thoufand before ; at eleven they began to fire from
Mr. S* Martins Houfe upon the Flag Baftion where
we are inform'd there was about two hundred who
brought Combuftibles to fet fire to the Fort, but none
of them dare approach nearer than where they cou'd
be cover' d, they kept a very hot Fire till after one,
which we did not mind, hardly ever returning a Shot,
till hearing one of them fpeaking louder than the reft
and a great many anfwering him, the Commandant
pointed a four Pounder at the Place loaded with a Ball
& Grape & fir'd it, foon after which they went off, not
firing twenty Shot after it, tho they had fir'd very
brifkly from ii. By the death Song that they fung
two or three times we imagine there was fome kill'd or
wounded. The Garrifon lay upon the Ramparts.
25 This Morning every thing was quiet till the After
noon all which Time we employ'd In making a kind
of Cavalier26 to flank the Bank between Mr. S' Mar
tins Houfe from whence they much annoy'd us, but at
'® A Mound of Earth, ufually an Enemy on an adjacent Height, or
built in the Gorge of a Baftion, and to command the Trenches of the
feveral Feet higher. It is ufcd to Befiegers.— ^rawa'^'/ DiBionary.
defilade the Works from the Fire of four

Pontiac' s Siege of Detroit. 15
four In the Afternoon they furrounded us with Com- 1763.
buftibles as yefterday, which prevented our raifing the ^^y-
Cavalier, Inftead of which Mr. Watkins was fent out ^'^~'
to take with five Men to take Poffeffion of that Part
ofthe Bank that the Enemy annoy'd us from the yes
terday, which not only prevented them from approach
ing but drove them away, fo that from 9 at Night we
had not a Shot fir'd at us. The Garrifon on the
Ramparts. This Morning early we put up the Cavalier. At 9 26
o'clock we were Inform'd that laft Night a Party of
Ottawas ariv'd from Sandufky who brought Enfign
Paulle,-" the Commandant Prifoner having enter'd
the Fort with a few that he thought were his Friends,
who fiez'd him and put the Garrifon to death. The
Ottawas that went there told the Hurons that this
Place was taken & that their Brothers and the reft of
the Hurons had taken up the Hatchet againft us, not-
wlthftandlng which the Hurons would not confent for
three Days.
This Afternoon we were inform'd that Pondlac
having underftood that the Veffel was ftill at the Mouth "^
of the River, took Capt. Campbelle by Force as before,
with an Intent to oblige him to go with them in order
to take her by Treachery. They alfo took M. La
^ Enfign Chriftopher PauUy, of barous Treatment ufually beftowed
Sandufky, on the 1 6th of May was upon Prifoners. An old Woman,
treacheroufly feized while in Con- whofe Hufljand had died, chofe to
verfation with feven Indians, dif- adopt him in Place of the deceafed
armed and made Prifoner, moft of Warrior, and he accepted the Alter-
the Garrifon under his Command native to lave his Life, but watch-
killed, the Fort burned, and himfelf ing the firft Opportunity efcaped
thruft into a Canoe and taken on to and reached the Fort at Detroit,
Detroit. On the Way he was July 4th. He had been commif-
threatened with being burned alive, fioned an Enfign in the 60th Regi-
and upon arriving at Pontiac's ment, Feb. 8, 1761. — Parkman's
Camp he was affailed with the bar- Pontiac, 238, 260, Bute

1 6 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- Bute the Interpretor & a Frenchman that could fpeake
^ Englifli. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
27 This Morning at Day light we fir'd two Cannon to
advertife the Veffel that they might not be deceived as
Pondlac Intended in making them believe it was Peace.
Every thing was quiet laft Night.
At 3 in the Afternoon Pondlac return'd with Capt.
Campbelle, and faid that he had demanded the Veffell,
but the Commandant wou'd not give her up, upon
which Pondlac told him they wou'd come & attak him,
& he anfwer'd they might. Then he went & encamp'd
on a neighboring Ifland, but the Veffel weighed Anchor
& went off before Day. This Pondlac fays.
A few Shot fir'd as ufual at the Veffel to day and a
few at the Fort. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
We were Inform'd to night by M. S' Martin that
the Hurons were ftill refolv'd to remain Neuter, &
that In cafe the Ottawas obllg'd them to take up Arms
they wou'd go off Into the Woods.
That If the reft of their Nation which were at San-
duflcy wou'd not defift they wou'd difarm them.
28 Nothing of Confequence to day. Some Councils
were held between the French and Indians about their
Cattle. Some few Shots as ufual were fir'd at the Vef
fel and Fort. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
zp This Morning we were Inform'd that there was about
50 Ottawas who lay in Ambufli In a Hollow way be
hind M. S*' Martins Houfe all Day yefterday, immag-
inlng that we fliould make a Sortee as we had done
two or three Days before to burn fome Logs that they
had made a Breaftwork of This we fuppofe was In
confequence of what fome ofthe French told them.
At 10 o'clock we were inform'd that two Batteaus
were cut off In the River Huron with 19 Soldiers & a
Woman which we fuppofe muft have been Serjeant Shaw

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.' ly
Shaw who went from this with Provifions to Michlll-
mackinac, the 17th April.
At 3 In the Afternoon Mr. Sterling^^ rec* a Letter
from Mr. Rutherford informing him that on the 8th
Inftant they were inform'd that by fome French People
in the River Huron that the Indians were ill Inclin'd
& beg'd them to go no further, but Sir Robert [Davers]
and Capt. Robinfon did not give much Credit to it
and went on, that on turning a Point at the Entrance
of the Lake they were fir'd upon by fome Indians
who kill'd Sir Robert, Capt. Robinfon & two Soldiers
the firft Shot, the reft they took Prifoners. This
Evening a few Shot were fir'd at the Veffel and Fort
as ufual, without doing any Damage. The Garrifon
lay on their Arms.
This Morning at 8 o'Clock we had the difagreeable 3°
Sight of eight Battoes with Provifions that a Party of
Indians had taken belonging to a Party commanded
by Lieut. Scuyler,^^ the [28th] Inftant, about 14 Miles
^ Mr. Sterhng was an Englifli Boats, five of which pufhed off, but
Trader then at Detroit. After the only two of which efcaped. The
Receipt of the Treaty by which following Letter from Niagara gave
Canada was confirmed to the Eng- the firft Intelligence of this Event to
hfli, he was appointed to take Charge the Superintendent of Indian Affairs
of the French who were in the in America :
Fort, Niagara, 6th June, 1763.
Honoured Sir : By My Letter of
^ This fliould have been written yefterday you'll be fully informed of
Cuyler. He had left Fort Niagara euery thing that come to my Hands
May 1 4th, with 9 6 Men in eighteen fince my laft of the Month ofMay.^
Boats, and a plentiful Supply of I fliall only figijify to you at Prefent
Provifions and mihtary Stores. He what Accounts have come here fince
had met neither Friend nor Foe laft Night: firft, that the Queen's In-
until he landed on the 28th at Point dependents upon their way to the
Pelee to encamp The Party was Detroit, and a Serjeant and twenty
furprized by a great Number of In- 1 ,^^^^ Letter relates the infolent De-
dians m Ambufli. The Men threw mands of the Indians for Rum, but no

down their Arms and fled to their Hoftilities had theri been heard of.

4

from

1763May.

Pontiac'' s Siege of Detroit.
from the Mouth of the River ; as the Affair happen'd
in the Night we have no juft Accounts of the kill'd &
Prifoners, but Lieut. Scuyler with two Batteaus made
their Efcape. When they were paffing the Fort at
about 600 Yards Diftance we call'd to them, as their
was but a few Indians in fome of them, & told them
to pufli off towards the Veffel & flie would cover them
with her Fire, upon which the foremoft, having four
Soldiers & two Indians^*' in It put off, the Soldiers
fiezing the Indians & throwing them overboard and
gain'd the Veffel notwithftanding the Fire of the In
dians from the Shore. The Batteau had feven Barrels
of Pork & one of Flower on board. One of the Sol
diers fell overboard with the Indians whome after a
great Struggle they tomahawk'd.
At three In the Afternoon the remainder ofthe Party
that was at the Lake return'd and brought two or three
Traders Batteaus, which they lay in weight for, being

Men of the 60th Reg't within 25
Miles of that Place, at 1 1 o'Clock
at Night were attacked by a Party
of Indians and out of 76 of the In
dependents only 36 return'd here.
That the Old Belts Daughter has
been informed this Day by a Seneca
Chachim to quit this Place, as they
have rec'd a Belt from the Indians
about Pittfl^ourg to take up the
bloody Hatchet, and that all the fur-
rounding Indians in them Parts are
abfolutely determined thereupon.
An Anfwer the Senecas have not
given to thofe who fent the Belt till
fuch Times as all the Shachims muft
be firft made acquainted of their
Proceedings the likewife have fent
with the Belt one Scalp that they
took in or about Pittfbourg. You
may depend upon me to give you

the moft timely Notice of every
thing that pertains to his Majefty's
Service in the moft diflinft Manner
that my Capacity will permit & never
fliall fail meriting Honor'd Sir to be
your faithful Servant.
De Couagne.
The Honourable Sir Wm. Johnfon.
—MSS. of Sir William Johnfon,
vol. vii.
3" Other Accounts ftate the Num
ber of Indians in this Boat as three.
The Soldier that periflied was drawn
overboard by the Indian he was
throwing out, and fome Authorities
relate that they periflied in each
other's Embrace. Another Writer
afiirms that the Indian fwani alhore.
— Parkman's Pontiac, 233. Inform'd

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 19
inform'd they were coming by the Prifoners they took 1763'
of Mr. Cuylers Party. The Garrifon lay on the ^^'
Ramparts as ufual.
This Morning two drunken Indians came up to the 3'
Fort without Arms, being hot brave, to fet Fire to it,
but were fir'd upon one of which fell on the Spot and
the other ran away but fell in our Sight,- and we fince
hear is dead. The Indians have been fo drunk this
two Days paft that they did not fire five Shot at us.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
This Morning at about 3 o'Clock two Men call'd June i.
from the Hill behind the Fort who told us they were
two Traders that had made their Efcape from the In
dians who we let In at a fmall Port. A Quarter of an
Hour after a Man call'd to the Veffel for a Boat from
the other Side of the River, but thinking It might be
a Decoy, we got two Frenchmen In a Cannoe who went
brought over a Man of Capt. Hopkins Company who
made his Efcape from the Indians after Mr. Cuyler
Defeat and croff'd the Country from Lake ; he brought
his Arms with him. This Day fome Indian Cannoes
went down the River as we fuppofe to cut off fome
more Traders Boats that is expeded from Niagara.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
This Morning about fifteen Cannoes went down the 2
River as we imagine to intercept fome more Traders
that are on the way between Niagara and this Place.
In the Afternoon a Frenchman brought in a Letter
that was enclof 'd to me from Niagara which Capt.
Campbelle gave in, by which we were inform'd that the
definitive Treaty was fign'd at London the 20th
February. Not a Shot was fired to day. The Garri
fon lay on the Ramparts.
This Afternoon a few Shots were fir'd at the Fort & 3
Veffel as ufual. The Garrifon lay upon the Ramparts
as ufual. This

20 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
This Morning Mr. Cuefiere purchaf 'd Mr. Ruther
ford from the Indians on Condition that he fliou'd
keep himfelf A few Shot were fired at the Fort and
Veffel as ufual.
This Evening fome Indians ariv'd with four Prifon
ers and fome Scalps & reported that Mlamee was
taken,3i & that the Shawanees & Delawares had com
menc'd Hoftilities at Fort Pitt.32
This Afternoon about fifty Indians fired for an Hour
or two at the Fort & Veffel without doing any Execu
tion. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
This Day we were Inform'd that the Commandant of
Fort S' Jofeph was Prifoner with the Puttawattamies ;
we imagine that he was obllg'd to evacuate his Poft not
having more than a hundred weight of Flour the 12
May and In attempting to come here was taken.^^ It

^1 Fort Miami, on the Maumee,
under the Command of Enfign
Holmes, was treacheroufly captured
on the 27th of May. Holmes was
enticed away from the Fort by a
young Indian Girl who hved with
him, and reprefented that a Squaw
lay dangeroufly ill in a Wigwam not
far off. He was fliot; the Sergeant
who came out to learn the Caufe of
the firing, was taken Prifoner, and
the Remainder furrendered at Dif-
cretion. — Parkman's Pontiac, 244.
A fimilar Verfion of this Affair
is recorded in this Diary for June
8, and a further Statement June
15th. ^2 On the 27th of May a Party of
Indians approached Fort Pitt and
encamped. The next Day they
came to the Fort with Pack Horfes
laden with valuable Furs, with which

to purchafe Ammunition. Tidings
of murders and burning were foon
after brought in, and the Country
around was {peedily vifited by a
diftrefling warfare in which many
Perfons were killed, and Commu
nication with the reft of the Pro
vince was entirely cut off. On the
28th of July it was vigoroufly be-
fieged, but on the i ft of Auguft the
Enemy withdrew to Attack Gen.
Bouquet, by whom they were de
feated in the memorable Fight at
Bufliy Run. — Parkman's Pontiac,
359- 33 The Poft at St. Jofeph in
Charge of Enfign Schloffer with
fourteen Men, was furprifed on the
Morning of May 25 th, by a large
Number of Pottawattamies, who
came into the Fort in an infolent
and diforderly Manner. At a given was

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 2 1
was alfo reported that Mlamees was taken, but It was 1763-
reported fo many different ways that we did not be- J""*^'
lieve it. Some Days ago Mr. Cuefiere purchaf'd Mr.
Rutherford from the Indians, but a MIffiffagy Indian
ariving the Day before yefterday and Informing Pon
dlac that they nor the Six Nations had not ftruck nor
would not ftrike if the Peace was made, alarm'd him,
upon which he went with fifty Men & took back the
Prifoner, faying that It was not a good Prefident^'*
to fell their Prifoners, that when things come to be
accommodated they cou'd exchange them or give them
up as they faw occafion. Every thing quiet to day.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
This Day the Indian Chiefs had a Council at the 7
Puttawattamees but for what end we know not. A
few Shot were fir'd at the Veffel & Fort as ufual. The
Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
Yefterday Pondlac took two Prifoners from Mr.
Babie that he had purchaf'd from the Indians, telling
him the fame that he told Cuefiere.
The Council held yefterday as we are inform'd was to ^
conclude upon a Method to attack the Veffel, which
they intend by fiting up eight Batteaux and lining them,
with which they are to fall down the Stream and board
her, while a great Number keeps a hot Fire upon the
Fort. This to be done In a very dark Night. All
quiet to day except a few Shot from S' Martins Houfe.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
This Afternoon three Batteaux paff'd up the River 9
that were taken by the Chippawas near the Place Mr.
Signal, thofe within ruflied to the at Detroit, on i i;th of June. — Park-
Gate, killed the Sentinel and ten man's Pontiac, 240.
other Men, and took the Com- Schloffer's Statement is recorded
mandant and the three furviving in this Diary for June 15th.
Men Prifoners. He was exchanged 34 Precedent. Cuyler

22 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. Cuyler was defeated. There was eleven Perfons in
J™^- them, two of whom were kill'd, the reft they brought
here Prifoners.
We were alfo well affured that the Mlamee was taken,
as a Frenchman fpoke to the Corporal of that Garrifon
who was Prifoner with the Indians, who told him
that Mr. Holmes had been inform'd ofthe Defigns of
the Indians & that he had fhut the Gates of the Fort,
which the Indians feeing found they cou'd not take it
but by Treachery, accordingly they employ'd a Squaw
that Mr. Holmes kept to bring him out of the Fort
to bleed her Sifter who was fick in a Caban, and as
foon as he came there three or four Ottawas who had
hid themfelves on purpofe fired at him and kill'd him,
then took one Welch whome they had Prifoner and went
to the Fort & made him tell the Men If they would
lay down their Arms they fliould be all fav'd, upon
which they open'd the Gates. We hear they have car
ried them towards the Illinois. The Garrifon lay on
their Arms.
10 This Day the Puttawattamies fent Mr. Gamelln with
a Meffage to the Commandant defiring to change Mr.
Schloffer for one of the Indians we have in Cuftody.
To which the Commandant anfwer'd that they muft
firft let him know how many Prifoners they had taken
& what they had done with them, and gave leave to
four of the Chiefs with Mr. Gamelln to come within
thirty Yards of the Fort to fpeake to the two we had
in Cuftody, at their Requeft. In a Hour afterwards
the whole Nation came to Mr. S' Martins Houfe
(when the Garrifon was order'd on the Ramparts),
where they halted and fent forward four Chiefs, who
told they were led Into the War by Pondlac, &c. ; to
which the Commandant anfwer'd he bellev'd it, & there
fore advlfed them to difperfe & mind their hunting &
planting

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 23
planting, for if they perfifted It wou'd end In their utter '763-
Ruin. To which they hung their Heads & one of J""^'
them faid he believ'd it. They faid they had fourteen
Prifoners & Mr. Schlofler, all of whome the Com
mandant demanded, as one of the Indians we had In
Cuftody was one of the firft Men in the Nation. To
which they did not give a pofitive Anfwer but went to
hold a Council.
Every thing quiet to day. The Garrifon lay on the
Ramparts. This Day we permitted fome more ofthe Puttawat- 11
tamees to fpeak to the two we had In Cuft(jdy.
All quiet to day. The Garrifon lay on the Ram
parts. Yefterday one Cavalier ariv'd from Montreal who '^
inform'd us that at Grand River, within thirty Miles
of the End of Lake Erie, feven Englifh Battoes with
Merchandize was attack'd by fome Indians, five of
which were taken, the other two made their efcape ;
that there was one Lafcelle with him from Montreal at
the fame Time who return'd to Niagara.
At five o'clock about thirty Indians ariv'd at Pon-
dlacs Camp from Saggina, who made with what he had
in Camp 168 Indians befides 250 that went down the
River a few Days ago as It was faid to cut off the Com
munication at Niagara. Neither Cavalier nor young
Lafcelle, who ariv'd two Days before him, are yet come
into the Fort altho Lafcelle ariv'd two Days before the
other, they fay the Indians have threatened to kill
them if they come nearer than a certain Diftance.
All quiet to day. The Day before yefterday and to
day made Sorties and burnt fome out Houfes and
Gardens. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
Yefterday and to day we buried five Corps that we
took up In the River, two of whom we knew but the
reft

24 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. reft was fo mangled that it was Impoffible for any body
June. ^Q jjave the leaft Knowledge of them.
"""' Nothing extraordinary to day. Three of the Putta-
' ^ wattamees came and fpoke with the two we had in
Cuftody, who declar'd to us that they knew nothing of
this Affair till they ariv'd at their Village below the
Fort, when much to their Surprize they heard a great
firing. That they never had any Meffage fent to them
about It, nor was they confulted in any Manner what
ever, ' but was forc'd into it by the Ottawas. Upon
which the Commandant aflc'd them if they were the
Slaves of P^ondiac, at which they hung their Heads ; he
then told them what he had told them before with regard
to their difperfing, and that they wou'd fee in the End
that the Ottawas wou'd kill Pondlac for bringing them
into fuch an Undertaking, for that they, and every one
that join'd heartily with them, wou'd be ruined; as they
wou'd forfeit their Lands and be deprlv'd of all the Ne-
ceffaries of Life. Upon which they promif 'd to go to
their Camps and fend in their Corn, &c. The Garri
fon lay on the Ramparts.
14 Yefterday we heard that Ouattanon was cut off and
the Garrifon taken to the Illlnols.^^
Every thing quiet to day. The Garrifon lay on the
Ramparts. This Morning between eleven and twelve o'Clock
one of the Chiefs ofthe Puttawattamees (named Wafliee)
who took St. Jofephs, came with four or five others to
change fome of their Prifoners for the two taat we had
35 Ouatanon was a Fort on the of the Garrifon yielded without
Wabafti, a little below the prefent Refiftance. The Indians, hovvever.
Town of Lafayette. It was then apologized for their Conduft, by
under the Command of Lt. Edward faying that they afted under the In-
Jenkins, who was taken on the firft fluence of other Tribes and againft
of June, by Stratagem, with feveral their own better Judgments. — Park-
of his Men, when the Remainder man's Pontiac, 243. In

IS

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 25
in Cuftody, and after talking near two hours, the 1763-
Commandant got them to confent to give Mr. Schloffer J""^"
and two Soldiers that they brought with them for one
of them that he had, and promif 'd them that when they
brought the reft of the Prifoners he wou'd give them
the other. They did not feem to be well contented as
they expeded the Man of the moft Confequence in
return for the Officer, but the Commandant was almoft
fure that if he gave him up they would not give above
one ofthe eleven that remain'd with them for the other,
and therefore detain'd him. The Account Mr. Schlof
fer gives of the way he was taken is, that about feven-
teen Puttawattamees came Into his Fort under a Pre
tence of holding a Council, after they had engag'd the
young Men of the Nation about him to join with
them, to whom they promif 'd all the Plunder after
they were in the Fort, Waffialhe the Puttawattamy
Chief went Into his Room with three or four others,
to whom he had prefented a Belt, as he cou'd fpeak a
little of their Language himfelf, for they had detain'd
his Interpreter on the other Side of the River till every
thing was ready, but before they had made him an
Anfwer a Frenchman came in and told him their De
fign, upon which the cry was given in the Fort & they
fiez'd him immediately & the young Men that agreed
to join him ruffi'd into the Fort, knocking down the
Centinel and before the Men cou'd get to their Arms
put ten of them to death, which Waftilhe tryed to pre
vent but in vain, the remaining three and himfelf they
took Prifoners. After this was done all the Chiefs of
the S* Jofeph Indians came to Mr. Schloffer and told
him that they knew nothing of the Affair, that their
young Men croff'd the River In the Night unknown
to them, & defir'd him to acquaint the Commandant
here that they were not concern'd in the War, nor
would not be. c One

26 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- One of the Soldiers we got to day was taken at
June. Miamee who gives the fame Account of Its being taken
""""^ as we have already heard, with this Difference, that the
Serj. after he heard the Shots that were fir'd at Mr.
Holmes went out to fee what it was & was taken Pri
foner, after which they brought one Walch whome they
had Prifoner to tell them what has been already men
tioned, upon which they dellver'd up the Fqrt, and
French Colours was immediately hoifted in it, but does
not know wheather It was the French or Indians that
hoifted them. This Evening we were inform'd frora
good Authority that Saggina Indians had been with
Mr. Labute to defire him to fpeake to the Command
ant to make Peace with them, that they had not yet "
enter'd into the War, that Is they had neither kill'd
any body nor did they take any Merchants. To which
Mr. Labute anfwer'd they knew well enough he dared
not go to the Fort, that If Pondlac knew he fpoke to
the Englifh he would put him to dea,th, and told them
they muft come themfelves.
All quiet to day. The Garrifon lay on the Ram
parts. We are affured that all the Chiefs of the Hu
rons are peacibly Inclin'd but there is a Bapd of 25
young Men that they cant bring over Part pf whome
are gone to Niagara with the Ottawas.
16 This Day at twelve o'Clock Wafhfhe with two other
Puttawattame Chiefs, & two Saggina Indlans^^ came
with a Flag to fpeake to the Commandant. After
they enter'd the Fort one of the Puttawattamees got
up with a String of Wampam & defir'd to be heard,
That what they had already told him was true, & that
what they were going to fay was from their Hearts,
upon which he prefented the Wampam.
3^ Ope of the latter was Min- Dec. 12th, tendering his Friendr
doghquay. He returned to the Fort ftiip.
He

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 27
He then took another String and told the Com- 1763-
mandant that the two Saggina Indians were fent In the J""^"
Name of all their Chiefs, that they were Brothers, and
their Hearts Inclin'd the fame way. That they the
Puttawattamees knew nothing of the Commencement
of the War, but were hurried Into It by the Ottawas,
but they had now burled the Hatchet and It fliou'd
never rife again. Upon which they prefented the
Wampam. Then took another String & faid they had
fent Meffengers for the reft of their Prifoners who
fhou'd be all dellver'd up as foon as they came In.
Then one ofthe Saggina Indians got up with a String
of Wampam & faid he was fent in the Name of their
Chief and defir'd he might be heard. That their
Hands and ours had always been join'd fince we took
Poffeffion of this Country, and they never fliou'd be
parted ; that they had not enter'd Into the War at all,
that their Hearts were the fame as the Puttawattamees,
and intended to remain fo ; that he fpoke the real
Sentiments ofthe Hearts of all their Chiefs, which he
defir'd we fhou'd believe, knowing that if he told lies
the great God wou'd be offended at him, upon which
he prefented the Wampam. Then the Commandant
took a fmall Belt and defir'd to know before he gave
them an Anfwer, wheather the Puttawattamee Chiefs
that were there fpoke only for their Bands In particular
or for the whole Nation, to which they anfwer'd for
the whole Nation. He then told them that he was
glad they had open'd their Eyes and did not intend to
perfift in a thing that muft end in their Ruin, that the
only thing they cou'd do to convince him of their good
Intentions wou'd be to give up the reft of their Prifoners
and go to their Villages and tend their Corn & hunt.
That he wou'd then recommend them to the General,
and that they wou'd find every thing he told them was
true.

28 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- true. That the Peace was adually made between the
June. French and us, and if they perfifted In a Thing of this
^'~^ kind we fliould not only fight againft them, but the
Canadians (the People they thought they were fighting
for) wou'd alfo take Arms againft them as we were
all one. That he knew they were made to believe there
was no Peace & that there was an Army coming from
the Illinois, but thofe that told them fo, told lies, &
were their Enemies, which they wou'd foon fee. That
if they took his Advice & did as he defir'd them they
might live for the Future In Tranquility as they had
done before, and fee the Ottawas ftarving in the Woods
for want of the Neceffarles of Life that they cou'd no
ways get but from us. Then prefented the Belt.
The Saggina Indians further faid that the Michlll-
mackinac Indians wou'd not ftrike and if Pondlac at
tempted to go towards that Poft they would prevent
him. The Commandant then took another String and
told the Saggina that he was glad to hear they were fo
well inclin'd & that they had more fenfe than to be
lead into a thing by the Ottawas (that wou'd be their
Ruin). That he never intended any thing but Peace
with them, that the Ottawas began the War without
any Reafon, that he was well pleaf 'd with their Behav
ior and would alfo recommend them to the General if
they continued at their Villages in the fame Tranquility
that they faid they were then in. That they might be
fure every thing he faid was true which they wou'd find
in the End, and defir'd them not to give Ear to any
Lies that might be fpread- amongft them. Then gave
the Wampam. Upon which the Saggina Indian faid
he was glad to receive it, that the Chiefs wou'd believe
when they faw his Mouth (as he call'd the Wampam)
they were pitied. All quiet to day. The Garrifon lay
on the Ramparts. All

17

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 29
All- quiet to day. This Evening we was told that a 1763-
Cannon was heard at the Mouth of the River about 1 1 J""^"^
o'clock this Morning, which muft have been the
Veffel ; a little after Sunfet we fir'd another to anfwer
her. Upon the Report of the Cannon in the Morning
feveral Indians were fent off to fee If fhe was there or
not. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
Since the firft Information thatwe had ofthe Indian
Intention of attacking the Veffell with Batteaux, Capt.
Hopkins lay on board of her every Night.
This Day the Jefulft ariv'd from Michlllmackinac, 18
with the difagreeable News of its being cut off by
Treachery. The Particulars not yet come to Hand.
All quiet to day. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
This Day the Jefulft came Into the Fort, and brought 19
a Letter^^ from Capt. Etherlngton by which we were
inform'd. That the 1^ June the Chippawas were play- 1/
ing at Croff39 at MIchilimackinac (three Days after
they had a Council with him and profeff 'd a great deal
of Friendffiip. That upon the arrival of a Canoe from
Sagginaj one Mr. Tracy a Merchant went to the Water-
fide to fpeak to them which the Indians feeing faid to
3* This Letter, dated June 1 2th, objeft is to propel the Ball, which
is pubhfhed in Parkman's Pontiac, is placed in the Centre, toward the
p. 596, from the Original, as pre- Poft of the Adverfary. In the Ar-
ierved in the State Paper Ofiice of dor of Conteft, if the Ball can not
London. It is fubftantiaUy the fame be driven to the defired Goal, itis
as that of Capt. Claus, given on the ftruck in any Direftion by which it
following Pages. The Jefiiit refer- can be diverted from that defigned
red to was Father Jonois, then fta- by the oppofite Party.
tioned at L'Arbre Croche. A Game much fimilar is ftill
played by the Iroquois of New York
?' The Game of La Croffe, or and Canada. — Carver's Travels,
Baggattway, is played with a Bat 201 ; Smith's Hift. Wifconfin, i,
and Ball; two Pofts are planted in 137; N.T. Senate Doc, 1850,
the Ground, about a Mile apart. No. 75, p. 81.

and each Party having its Poft, the

themfelves

30 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. themfelves now Is the Time, for if thefe People enter
June, jj^e Fort they will tell our Defign, upon which they
"^ tomahawk'd Mr. Tracy and gave the Cry, & in an In
ftant fiez'd Capt. Etherlngton & Lieut. Leflley who were
at the Gate of the Fort looking at them playing, forc'd
by the Centry and enter'd the Fort where they found
their Squaws (who had been previoufly plac'd with their
Tomahawks) with which they forc'd the Guard before
they cou'd get under Arms, kill'd thirteen Men on the
Spot with Lieut. Jamet who fought with his Sword
againft five for a long Time, but after receiving thirty-
fix Wounds fell In their Hands after which they cut off
his Head and kill'd fix of their Prifoners; they plllag'd
all the Merchants and got fifty Barrels of Powder with
Lead In Proportion. The Ottawas took the Officers
and eleven of their Prifoners from them whome they
keep at the Priefts Houfe. Capt. Etherlngton then
gave a written Authority to Mr. Langlad^*' to Com"! In
the Fort till further Orders, and recommended him
Mr. Langlad and one Mr. Farll to the Commandant
*" Sieur Auguftine du Langlade, At the Time of the Attack, as
about 1750, became the Owner of the Indians were purfuing the Eng-
moft of the Lands around Green hfti from one Retreat to another.
Bay, and his Defcendants ftill refide Henry ruflied into his Houle and
there. He was a Man of Charafter bcfought him to afford an Afylum.
and Education, and retained the The Frenchman, who flood at his
poliftied Manners of the French Window watching the Slaughter,
Metropolis. His Son, Charles Lang- looked at him a Moment and then
lade, was a Native of this Country turned again to the Window, ftirug-
and in 1760 was commiflioned by ging his Shoulders and remarking,
Louis XV, and appointed Second in ^jie voudriez-vous que fen ferais?
Command at Michilhmackinack, "What would you have me dof
where he was refiding at the Time He afterwards willingly fubmitted
of the Maffacre. The Narrative the Keys of his Houfe to aUow the
of Alexander Henry, the Trader, Savages to fearch his Premifes for
gives an unfavorable impreffion with Englifli. — Smith's Hift. Wifconfin,

regard to the Humanity of M. 1,346; Henry's Travels.
Langlade.

here

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
here as good Men & who did all In their Power for
the good of the Service, as alfo the Jefulft who has a
great deal to fay among the Indians.^i
All quiet to day.. The Garrifon lay on the Ram
parts.

31

*^ The Circumftances attending
the Attack upon Michilhmackinack
and its Capture by the Indians, on
the 4th of June are alfo fet forth in
the following Extraft from a Letter
written at Montreal by Capt. Daniel
Claus to Sir William Johnfon :
" * * * 6th Aug. Whilft I am writ
ing this, my Landlord teUs me that
Capt. [George] Etherlngton and
Lieut. [James] Leflley paffed the
Door coming from Miflilimak^ who
I heare with aU the Traders except
one Trafey [Tracy] who was killed
by the Enemy Ind°^ were efcorted
here by the Ottawas as living near
that Place. I foUowed them im
mediately to the Gov^, and there
learned the News of them Parts,
which is that a Parcel! of Chippe
ways to the Number of 100 affem
bled near the Fort as cuftomary in
the Beginning of Summer, and
diverted themfelves playing Foot
ball, and Cap* Ethrington and Mr.
Leflley (not fufpefting the leaft
Treachery, having then not heard
a Word of Detroit being befieged
by the Enemy Indians) ftood out of
the Fort to fee the Indians Play:
that on a Signal given by a Yell,
they both were feized and bound,
and that the fame Inftant the Gen
tries were tomahawked, likewife
Mr. James, who was Ofiicer of the
Day in the Fort, together with 18
Soldiers killed and taken. Then the

Traders were plundered and taken
Prifoners; that afterwards themfelves
were dragged to the Chippeways'
Encampment where the Spoil was
divided, and a Council held, in
what Manner the Ofiicers were to
be put to Death. In the mean
Time the News reached the Ottawa
Town 30 Miles from Miffilimaki-
nak, who without any Delay fat off
armed to Miffihmakinak, and in
quired into the Reafon of the Chip
peways Behaviour. The latter had
nothing to fay but that a few Days
before the Blow, they received Belts
of Wamp"° from Pontiac, the Ot
tawas' Chief at Detroit, in conjunc
tion with y^ Chiefs of their Nation
living there, informing them of the
Rupture with the Englifti, and de-
firing them to cut off Miffilimk.
The Ottawas were furprifed and
chagreend and infifted upon the
Chipways dehvering up the Prif'*,
&c. The latter to reconcile themfelves
with the Ottawas, made up a Heap
of Goods and put Mr. Laflley & 2
Soldiers by them as their Share of
the Prey, but they would not ac
cept of it, and demanded all the
Prif". The Chipways ^t laft gave
way and delivered over Mr. Laflley
and the Soldiers and demanded a
Ranfom for the Traders, which they
agreed to, and being every one ex
changed they took them into their
This

32 1763. June.

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
This Morning the Commanding Officer gave the
Jefuift fome Memorandum of what he fliould fay to
the Indians & French at MIchilimackinac, as alfo to
Capt. Etherlngton, as he did not choofe to carry a
Letter faying that if he was afk'd by the Indians if he
had any he would be oblig'd to fay yes, as he never
told a lie in his life. He gave him a Belt to give to
the Ottawas there, defiring him to tell them that he
was very well pleaf 'd with their not meddling In an
Affair that mufl end In their Ruin.
That if they fend their Prifoners to Montreal, it
will convince the General of their good Intentions for
which they will be probably well rewarded.
To give his Compliments to Mr. Langlad and Mr.
Farll and thank them for their good Offices which he
exhorts them to continue. To defire them to try and
prevent as much as poffible all Commerce with our

Care and afterwards efcorted them
fafe to this Place. The Ofiicers
and Traders can not fay enough of
the good Behaviour of thefe Ottawas
and Gen' Gage is refolved to ufe
and reward them well for their Be
haviour. As Capt. Etherlngton is
going to Gen. Amherft, you will
doubtlefs hear the Particulars of the
whole Affair. By what I can find
none but the Chipeways at Miflilim''
and thofe ofthe fame Nation & Ot
tawas at Detroit, are concerned in
the prefent Breach. All the reft of
the weftern Nadons, and even fome
Chipways living at the Falls of St.
Mary would not engage or receive
the Belts fent by Pontiac, and on
the contrary are very well inclined
to our Intereft, in particular the
Nations living at La Bay, and the
Sioux, who are always at War with

the Chipways ; and if the Ind^s now
here (among whom there are fome
other Nat^ as they come here in be
half of 8 Nats to the weftward who
affure us of their Friendftiip) leave
this fatisfied; it may be of infinite
Service w'^^ I intend to reprefent to
Gen. Gage, and I beheve you will
approve of making them handfome
Prefents as an Encouragement for
their good Behaviour, and the only
Means of chaftifing thofe viDainous
Nations who are the Occafion of
this unhappy Event. * * *" —MSS.
of Sir William Johnfon, vol. vii.
The Circumftances of the Cap
ture of MichiUimackinack, have
been related with great Minutenefs
by Alexander Henry, an Eye wit-
nefs, who narrowly efcaped the
Maffacre. — Henry's Travels. Enemies

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 33
Enemies, above all Ammunition & Arms. That he 1763.
authorizes Mr. Langlad to Command In the Fort ac- J""^"
cording to the Orders given him by Capt. Etherlngton
till further Orders.
To defire Capt. Etherlngton to try to advertife the
Governor of Montreal of what has happened as foon
as poffible, and to fend back all Merchants that may
be on the way, Englifh or French, if they find from
Circumftances of Affairs It Is neceffary. To tell him
all the News that he has heard from us that might be
depended upon regarding the Pofts that has been fur
priz'd and murdered, and that the diffinitlve Treaty
was fign'd at London the 20th of February according
to the Articles of the Sceffation of Arms.
This Day we heard that fome Shawanees were ariv'd
at the Hurons who fay that all this Nation (except a
few who watch the Motions of the Army near Fort
Pitt) are feveral Leagues below on the Ohio, who re
main there to Intercept the Army that is coming from
Foit Pitt.
That upon their receiving the Belt, they were order'd
to ftrike againft the Englifh, upon which they com
menc'd by killing fifteen Merchants that was amongft
them in different Towns.
Yefterday a Saggina that was in the Fort with the
Puttawattamees was here & rec"! a Belt from the com
manding Officer which he was to prefent to the Nation
to tell them that It was his Advice that they fhould
remain quiet as they faid they had done, as thofe that
enter'd In the War wou'd furely be ruined in the End.
Some few Shots fir'd to day at the Veffel at a great
Diftance. A Sortie was made to day to cut down &
burn fome Pickets between Mr. Babies & the Fort.
The Garrifon lay upon their Arms.
This Morning fir'd two Guns down the River, be- 22
6 ing

34 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. Ing Inform'd that the Veffel was there. Made a Sortie
J""^- and puU'd down a good many Pickets and cut an
Orchard that was near the Fort.
At eleven o'Clock about fifty Indians came to Mr.
Babies and fir'd brifkly at the Veffel and Fort, they
kill'd one Man on board the Veffel & wounded another.
Two Hours after which they went over the River
and the Hurons join'd them & the Puttawattamies to
attack the Veffel, but we do not know yet whether
the Veffel Is there, or wheather that was their real De
fign. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
23 This Day a few Shot were fir'd at the Fort and
Veffel as ufual.
This Evening we were inform'd that the Veffel was
not at the Mouth of the River, but that the Indians
thought fhe was and went & made a kind of an En
trench' at the Ifle au Delnde^^ where the Channel is
narrow in order to fire upon her as fhe paff'd. The
Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
2 + Some few Shots were fir'd at the Fort this Morning.
Capt. Hopkins with twenty Men made a Sortie this
Afternoon, imagining there was fome few Indians in
the neighbouring Houfes but did not find any. The
Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
25 A few Shot fir'd as ufual at the Veffel & Fort to day.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
26 [Sunday.] This Day Pondlac went to Mafs on the
other Side of the River & after it was over he took
three Chairs that belong'd to the People for himfelf and
his Guard to ride In to look for Provlfion making the
French his Chair men. He gave Billets to the People
for their Cattle fign'd with his Mark, with the Imita-
*2 Turkey Ifland, on the eaft Side of the main Channel, and now in
cluded in Canada. tion

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 35
tion of a Coon drawn on the Top of each Billet.'*^ 1763.
Nothing Extraordinary. The Garrifon lay on the J""^'
Ramparts. Pondlac fent another Meffage to the Commandant ^7
telling him there was nine hundred Indians affembled
at Michlllmackinac, and that as he had Compaffion on
him defir'd him to furrender himfelf, that the Garrifon
wou'd be well uf'd, but if he waited till thofe Indians
ariv'd he wou'd not be anfwerable for the Confequences.
That the Roads were all fhut up round us and we
cou'd receive no Succour.
To which the Commandant anfwer'd as he had done
before, that he wou'd not give him an Anfwer to any
thing he afk'd till he fent back Capt. Campbelle and
Lieut. McDougal, whome he kept contrary to all the
Laws of even Savages. That he might fave himfelf
the Trouble of fending any more for he wou'd not
anfwer to any thing till thefe two Gentlemen were re
turn'd. Soon after Pondiac fent Word by one that
was paffing, that he had too great a Regard for Capt.
Campbell & McDougal than to fend them to the Fort,
for if he did that, as the Kettle was on the Fire he
fhou'd be oblig'd to boil them with the reft.
A few Shot fir'd at the Fort and Veffell as ufual.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
This Afternoon at five o'Clock we were Inform'd ^8
that the Scooner^ enter'd the River at 10 this Morn-
*3 Thefe Bills of Credit were drawn and a vain and conceited old French-
on Birch bark, and were promptly man, named Quilleriez, afted as
redeemed by Pontiac. Rogers ftates Commiffary. — Parkman's Pontiac,
that they bore the figure of an Otter. 225.
The great Indian Chieftain was
evidenfly aflifted to the Idea by fome ** This was the Schooner Glad-
of the Canadians. The Contribu- tayn that had failed for Niagara on
tions were all collefted at the Houfe the z I ft of May, and was now re
ef Meloche near Parent's Creek, turning with Lieut. Cuyler and the
ing

36 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
»763- Ing; at 6 fhe came In Sight after paffing the Ifle au
June. Deinde where there was at leaft 160 Indians hid in
"~^ Holes who fir'd upon her all the while at a little Dif
tance, as the Channel is not above a hundred Yards
wide. The Wind failing her fhe drop'd Anchor about
four Miles from the Fort.
A few Shot were fir'd to day at the Veffel & Fort as
ufual. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
As it was imagln'd the Indians wou'd attack the
Scooner, the Commanding Officer made a Feignt as If
he wou'd land fome Troops in Batteaux which the In
dians hearing fo alarm'd them that they guarded the
Edge of the River and dropp'd their Intention of
attacking the Scooner.
29 The Wind contrary all Day till about 6 o'Clock,
when it came a little favorable for about Half an Hour,
of which the Scooner profited, weighing Anchor and
coming in Sight of the Fort beyond the Huron Vil
lage. This Day we heard that the Indians that went from
this about twenty Days ago had taken Prefque Ille,
that they loft three Men there, that the Way they took
it was by fetting fire to a fmall Houfe that was clofe
to the Fort & which communicated the Fire to it,
that they kill'd but three, & the Officer with feveral
Prifoners was given to the Nations near that Place.'*'''
remainderof his Company, together *^The Fort at Prefque Ifle, was
with fuch Troops as could be fpared a large Block-houfe of folid Timber,
from Niagara, in all numbering the upper Story projefting on all
about fifty Men. To encourage an Sides and roofed with Shingles. It
open Attack from the Indians \\ho ftood on thc Shore of Lake Erie, a
fwarmed upon the Shores of the little below the prefent bufinefs Part
River and the Iftands which divided of Eric, Pa. It was affailed on the
its Channel, the greater Portion of Morning of June 15th, by 200 In-
her Men were kept out of Sight, dians, chiefly from around Detroit,
ready to appear at a moment's No- and after a Refiftance of three Days,
tice. — Parkman's Pontiac, 253. which prefents few ParaUels in defpe-
This

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 37
This Day a few Shot fir'd from over the River, &c., 1763-
as ufual. The Indians guarded the River fide to night J""^"
fearing a Sortie. The twenty-fifth at Night It was fo
Cold here that there was a very white Froft. The
Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
At 12 o'clock the Wind fprung up favourable for 3°
the Scooner when ftie welgh'd Anchor and reach'd this
about 3, with a Detachment of twenty-two Men from
the 30th Reg' and Lieut. Cuyler and twenty-eight
Men of Capt. Hopkins's Compy of Rangers, with 150
Barrels of Provlfion and fome Ammunition. Lieut.
Cuyler informs us that Prefque Ifle was burn'd the 22d
Inftant after being attacked three Days.
We were Inform'd this Evening that Pondlac had
been demanding of the Inhabitants to affemble to dig
Trenches, that if they refuf 'd It he wou'd put them to
the Sword. The Hurons fir'd upon the Scooner all
the while ffie was paffing and a great Number from
Pondiacs Camp affembled at Mr. Babies & fir'd at the
Boats that went & came from her after fhe came to an
Anchor. One Serjeant and four Men were wounded in the ^
Scooner a coming up the River. The Garrifon lay on
the Ramparts, except thofe that came in the Scooner,
who lay in their Quarters.
The Garrifon was employ'd this Morning In unload- ]^^y i-
ing & puting Ballaft on board the Scooner. Mr. St.
Martin & his Family came into the Fort to day, he
being inform'd that the Hurons intended to take him
to their Town to interpret for them. This Afternoon
rate Labor and unavailing Courage, Treaty, the unfortunate Men were
the httle Garrifon under Enfign feized and fent Prifoners to Detroit.
Chriftie furrendered on Condition Chriftie was brought in by the
that they ftiould be allowed to with- Hurons and furrendered with feveral
draw to the neareft Poft. With other Prifoners, July 9th.
Characteriftick difregard of this the

38 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- the Puttawattamees came with a Flag to fpeake about
July- giving up their Prifoners, five of whom they faid they
had at their Village and whom they promif'd to bring
in the next Day.
The Commandant recommended to them to bring
them in as foon as poffible & retire to their Villages, as
he fhould now make Sorties with great Bodies of Men,
and if he fliould meet with them fhould treat them as
Ennemles as it was not poffible for him to diftlngulfh
the Nations one from another.
A few Shot were fir'd to day at the Fort & Veffels.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
2 At three o'Clock this Morning Lieut. McDougal
with an Albany Trader ariv'd at the Fort, having made
their Efcape from the Indians ; about Half an Hour
afterwards, another Prifoner ariv'd at the Scooner that
made his Efcape from the Hurons, who had been taken
with one Crawford a Trader fome Time ago.^^ Lieut.
McDougal inform'd us that the Council the Indians
held yefterday to demand the French to join them &
make Trenches, which was promif'd by one in the
Name of all the young People. A Party was fent out
to Mr. St. Martins Houfe to cover a working Party
near the Fort, which the Indians came to fire upon,
and upon our fending out a Reinforcement all the
Hurons croff'd the River & came running up as far
as Mr. Gamellns and after firing a few Shot at the
Fort went back.
This Morning took Poft in the two Block Houfes
on the Hight that commands the Fort, and from which
a Chief of the Saggina's was wounded In paffing by the
Edge ofthe Woods an Hour after.
This Evening we were inform'd that Pondiac had
*' Crawford's Capture is related in this Diary for May zo. See p. 11.
taken

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 39
taken away Mr. Navarre, Mr. Hecotte and all the "763.
Heads of Familys on that Side of the Fort, but no J"'^"
body knew for what.
This Evening threw a Shell to try a Mortar that we
had enlarg'd about Half an Inch. All the Garrifon
except the old Guard lay on the Ramparts.
This Day Mr. Navarre wrote a Line to the Com- 3
mandant informing him that the Inhabitants were
oblig'd to write to him in Pondiacs Name for the laft
Time to furrender the Fort, and to let him know that
if he wou'd not give It up they wou'd oblige all the
Inhabitants to take up Arms. Accordingly Mr. Louis
Campo came in with the Meffage in the Evening, and
at the fame Time afk'd Permiffion to come into the
Fort, which the Commandant agreed not only to him
but every one that cou'd bring Provlfion with them.
Mr. Babie & Mr. Recme who liv'd oppofite the Fort
came In with their Familys between eleven & twelve
at Night, abandoning all they had except a few Move
ables that they brought with them.
All the Garrifon lay on the Ramparts except twenty
Men that were finiffiing a fmall Ditch round the Fort.
This Day the Commandant coUed'd the Inhabitants
of the Fort and read the Articles of Peace to them &
fent a Copy of it over to the Prieft on the other Side
of the River.
This Morning early made a Sortie with thirty Men 4
to cover a Party to bring in fome Powder & Lead that
was in Mr. Babies Houfe, after which we deftroy'd an
Entrenchment that the Indians had made, from which
they annoy'd us. The Indians being advertif'd that
we was out came down and Capt. Hopkins was fent
out with a Party of twenty Men more, who with nine
or ten Frenchmen and the Party that was firft out,
purfued them as far as It was fafe ; we took one Scalp and

40 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- and wounded two or three more,'*'^ we had one Man
J"'y- wounded. While we were at Dinner Dr. Paulli enter'd
'"^ the Fort having made his Efcape in open Day light,
by whome we were inform'd that the Indian we kill'd
this Morning was the Son of the moft confiderable
Chiefs of the Chippewas, and that we only wounded
another. That upon their Arrival at the Camp he
was Inform'd that they were gone -to look for Capt.
Campbelle to kill him, upon which he form'd a Refo-
lutlon to attempt to fave himfelf. He was dreff'd fo
like an Indian, his Hair being cut and painted In their
Fafhion that no body knew him when he was brought
in. This Evening we were inform'd that there was
140 Frenchmen gathered at the Hurons who had made
an Agreement to defend one another againft all Enne
mles. Mr. Navarre publlfhed the Articles of Peace
both to the French & Indians.
The French were affembled to day by orderd ofthe
Commandant, who all rejolc'd to take up Arms to the
Amount of about forty, and chofe Mr. Sterling to
com*^ them.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts. Yefterday we
wounded an Indian with a Grape fhot from the Veffel
behind the Breaftwork at Mr. Babies Houfe.
5 This Morning Mr. Labute came into the Fort, and
inform'd us that as foon as the Chippewas were in
form'd that we had klU'd the Son of their great Chief
they went to Pondiac and told him that he was the
Caufe of all their ill look, that he cauf 'd them to enter
*^ The Sortie of this Day was he tore off his Scalp and ftiook it
led by Lieut. Hay. One of his with an exulting Cry towards the
Men had long been a Prifoner with Enemy. This Aft coft the unfor-
the Indians and had acquired in tunate Major Campbell his Life. —

fome Degree their ferocious Habits. Parkman's Pontiac, p. 260.
Coming up to a wounded Savage,

into

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 41
into the War and did nothing himfelf, that he was very 1763-
brave in taking a Loaf of Bread or a Beef from a J^^'^'
Frenchman who made no Refiftance, but it was them
that had all the Men kill'd and wounded every Day,
& for that Reafon they wou'd take that from him
which he intended to fave himfelf by In the End, then
went and took Capt. Campbelle, ftrip'd him, & carried
him to their Camp, where they kill'd him, took out
his Heart & eat It reaking from his Body, cut off his
Head, and the reft ofhis Body they divided Into fmall
Pieces. He likewife inform'd us that In a Quarter of an
Hour after Mr. Paulle made his Efcape upwards of a
hundred Ottawas left their Camp In fearch of him.
This Evening we were inform'd that the Ottawas
found one of their Men dead in the Edge of the
Woods oppofite the Fort, who we fuppofed muft have
been kill'd from one of the Cavaliers. The Garrifon
lay on the Ramparts.
This Morning we were inform'd that we kill'd three 6
Indians and wounded one In the Affair of yefterday.
At 12 o'clock the Commandant fent the Sloop up >-
to Pondiacs Camp under the com* of Capt. Hopkins
and Enfign Paulli, but the Wind being very weak
they had Time to remove almoft all their things out of
their Cabans & fend their Women and Children away
before fhe ariv'd, however they fir'd near fifty Cannon
at thofe that were there, and threw feveral Shells
amongft them, we have not heard what Number was
kill'd or wounded.
The Puttawattamees came with a Flag while the
Sloop was battering their Camp, and after telling the
Comm* that they had heard the Peace between the
French and us proclaim' d, & that they bellev'd it, and
the feveral Chiefs with their Bands were gone & going
y to

42 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- to leave Pondiac, they aflc'd him to give them the In-
J"'y- dian we had for two of our Prifoners that they wou'd
^"^ bring in. Upon which the Commandant told them
that he wou'd ftill ftand to what he had told them before
with regard to changing Prifoners, that notwithftanding
all they had promif'd the laft Time they were with
him, they went down the River and fir'd againft the
Scooner when fhe was coming up, and a few Days be
fore ftole two Horfes from him, notwithftanding all
which, to fhow that he pitied them if they wou'd bring
in all their Prifoners & the Horfes, & promife not to
do any more Mifchief either to the French or Englifh,
as we were now one, he wou'd give up the Indian he
had, and wou'd recommend them to the General, but
if they made the leaft Difficulty In It he wou'd not hear
them any more and they muft take the Confequences
ofhis Difpleafure, upon which they hung their Heads
and faid they found every thing that he had told them
to be true, and could not deny what they were accuf'd
with, and not only promif'd to do all he afk'd of them,
but that none of their Nation was to come nearer the
Fort than Mr. Campo's Mill, about a Mile from It.
Pondiac who always told the French that we were
all dead Men that were in the Fort, cou'd not help
acknowledging to day that we were come to life & that
he was ruin'd. The Garrifon lay on their Arms.
7 This Day the Puttawattamees came with a Flag for
a Belt of Wampam that the Commandant promif'd
them to carry to the reft of their Nation at St. Jofephs
& to the Mlamees to tell them what they had done &
how much they were pitied by the Commandant whofe
Advlfe they muft always follow ; which Belt they got
with a Letter to the Interpreter there defiring to tell
the Indians what he had promif'd the Puttawattamees
here as they were the firft that offer'd to make Peace, viz.

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 43
viz. if they continued quiet for the Future and minded 1763-
their hunting he would recommend them to the General, J"'^'
who he made no doubt wou'd forgive them, as he be
liev'd they had no hand In the War, further than that
fome of their young men were led into it before they
knew what they were doing.
The Hurons came at the fame Time and told the
Commandant that neither they nor the Puttawattamees
knew any thing of this Affair at the Commencement,
for Pondiac never confulted them about it until he
had got fuch a Number of Men together that over
power them both, and then he told them his Defign &
threatened them that if they would not join with him
he would cut them to pieces. That notwithftanding
which they never did any thing but fire one Day
againft the Fort except a Band or two of their young
Men whome they cou'd not then command.
The Commandant told them he believ'd it, and afk'd
them if they did not now fee that every thing he told
them was true, which they cou'd not deny. He then
promif'd them the fame he had done to the Puttawat
tamees, if they would give up all their Prifoners &
behave well for the Future. He told them he cou'd
not make Peace with them, but as he told the Putta
wattamees wou'd recommend them to the General.
They promif'd to do all he defir'd of them, but told
him It wou'd take them two or three Days, as all the
Prifoners that were adopted In the Room of the
People they had loft muft be given up by the Confent
of thofe that had them, as they were given to them by
the Nation.
We Imagine that the Reafon of the Hurons coming
to day was in Confequence of the Commandants fend
ing the Sloop jiefterday to batter the Camp of the
Ottawas & Chippewas, by which they faw how much they

44 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. they were in our Power. The Garrifon lay on the
J"ly- Ramparts.
"¦^ All quiet to day except a few Shot being fir'd as ufual
at the Fort & Veffel at a great Diftance. Several of the
principal Inhabitants brought in their Goods yefterday
& to day, and one Maifonville brought five Plttiau-
gers'^8 loaded with 10,000 weight of Lead & Peltry
into the Fort tho the Indians knew he was coming
with it ; if It had fallen into their hands It wou'd have
been a fine Prize, but he being refolute & acquainted
with their Manners & Cuftoms took fuch Opportunl-
tys that he ariv'd safe. He was at Outattanon when It
was taken. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
9 This Morning fix of the Huron Chiefs came In and
brought Enfign Chriftie, a Soldier of the R. A. Ran
gers, a Woman & Child and five other Prifoners, and
after telling the Commandant that they were drawn
into the War before they knew where they were and
many things to the fame Purpofe of what they had told
him the 7th Inftant, they afk'd him if it was not
advifable for them to retire until fuch Time as we re*
ceiv'd Succours enough to affift them In cafe they
fhould be attack'd, which he told them to do, and
when the Army ariv'd defir'd them to come back that
they might fhow their Sincerity.
They Intended to go and join the Puttawattamees &
build a kind of Stockade upon the River Huron to
defend themfelves againft the Ottawas in cafe they
fhould declare War againft them. All quiet to day.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
'° Laft Night at twelve o'Clock the Enemy made a
large Float with Four Batteaus, which they fill'd with
Faggots, Birtch Bark & Tai-, and other Ciambuftibles
** Perigua, a narrow Ferry boat, carrying two Mafts and a Lee-
board. — Webfter's Dia. which

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 45
which they brought into the Middle ofthe Stream about 1763.
a Haifa Mile above the Veffels & fet on Fire, but the J"'^
Veffels being properly moor'd let go one of their Ca- '^^~'
bles and fheer'd off from It, letting It pafs at about a
hundred & fifty Yards Diftance.
This we fuppofe was not entirely the Invention &
Work of Indians.
At 4 o'clock fome of the Mlamee Indians came
within three hundred Yards of the Fort with a Flag,
with an Intention to fpeake to the Commandant about
one Levy they had Prifoner, but not daring to come
any nearer they fent in a Lift of Things by a French
man that he had promif'd them if they wou'd give him
up. But the Commandant fent them Word he wou'd
not give them any thing.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts. Not a Shot
fir'd to day.
This Day the Hurons brought In the Goods (that 11
had fallen to the Share of three or four Bands)
that belong'd to Chapman & Levy & others, as alfo a
Panee that had been adopted in the Family of one
BabI, which was a very extraordinary thing, as they
feldom give up a Prifoner that is adopted.
Yefterday Pondiac was at the Huron Village with
fifteen ofhis beft Warriors compleatly arm'd to frighten
them, but It had no effed with Babi & Theata & two
or three other Chiefs as appeared from their Teftlmony
to day. They told the Commandant that they had
not yet brought the reft of the Nation to Reafon, but
hop'd in a little Time to do It, when they wou'd give
up their Prifoners & their Merchandife ; they alfo told
the Commandant the Name of a Frenchman who had
bought a gold Watch of them for 2000 Wampam.
The Commandant told them that if they cou'd not
bring the reft of the Nation to do as they did they
muft

46 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- muft abandon them, as by & by when the Army came
J"!^ it wou'd be too late for them to make any offers.
~^ We heard to day that the Mlamee Indians were
gone off with Mr. Levy.
This Night & between 12 & one o'Clock the In
dians fent down another large fire Float which paff'd
without doing any Damage. They had made two, but
Capt. Hopkins, who was on board the Sloop, fir'd a
Cannon at them as foon as he perceiv'd the firft &
frightened them fo that they jump'd out of their Can-
noes & let the other go without being llght'd, which
we tow'd on fhore. The Garrifon lay on the Ram
parts.
'2 This Morning the Puttawattamees came again with
Mr. Chapman, one Crawford & another Prifoner of
Capt. Hopkln's Company, & promif'd to bring the
reft as foon as they arriv'd. Accordingly at 4 In the
Afternoon they came with four Royal Americans two
of the Rangers & one of Mr. Crawford's Men, & de
manded their Brother, but the Commandant told them
what he told them before, that when they brought in
all the Prifoners he would let him out, knowing by
our Prifoners that they had fome more, they promif'd
to bring them the next Day or as foon as they cou'd
be got together, & wou'd bury every thing that had
paffed In their next Speech.
They brought an Ottawa with them which the Com
mandant was inform'd of, and upon enquiry found
that he came to fee where the Fort was mofl acceffable,
that they might fet Fire to it, upon which he told the
Puttawattamees that they had an Ottawa with them.
They then feeing he was difcover'd faid he was left
with them by a Band that was gone home, to bring
them the News of the finifhing their Peace with us,
but the Command' told them if he let him out again the

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 47
the Ottawas would laugh at him & defir'd them to afk ^7^1-
him in cafe he fhou'd fend one of his to their Camp if -j^^
they thought their Chiefs wou'd not do the fame.
He then defir'd the Interpreter to tell them that he
wou'd not ufe him as they had done Capt. Campbelle
& the reft of our Prifoners, but would guard him for
the Security of the reft until they brought them all in.
At 4 o'clock this Afternoon the Scooner fet fail
for Niagara, but the Wind falling fhe drop'd Anchor
about 4 jNIiles off.
Since the Proclamation of the Peace, the French
that were In the Fort were put under the Command of
Mr. Sterling. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
This Morning at about Half paft two, our outlying '3
Centrys fir'd upon two or three Indians that were crall-
ing to the Fort, but one of them being a Frenchman &
afraid got up and run away, calling out Je fuis Fran9ois,
at which Time the Indians fir'd at them & fhot him
through the Body, but he Is not yet dead.
At one o'clock the Puttawattamees came in with a
white Belt and made many Profeffions of Frlendfhip,
but their chief Errant was to try to get the Ottawa that
the Commandant detain'd yefterday. But the Com
mandant told them they wou'd do better If they wou'd
not even fpeake to that Nation, as they only fought
their Ruin.
They promif'd to bring in all the Prifoners they
had to the Number of fix belonging to their Village If
the Commandant would give them their Man, which
he told them he would do, as he thought they were
fincere. They gave him a white Belt as a Token of their
Fidelity & Friendfhip & he promif'd them another
when they came back, as he had not any then made that
was proper. The Garrifon lay upon the Ramparts. This

1+

48 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. This Day an Ottawa from MIchilimackinac came
Ny^ into the Fort and after a long Story was going to fay
fomething about the Indian that the Commandant de
tain'd the 12 Inftant, but he finding what he was going
to fay told him fomething that ftop'd him from making
any Demands. All quiet. The Garrifon lay on the
'5 Ramparts. This Day one Clermont who was formerly Major
In the Militia came into the Fort and inform'd the
Commandant that moft of the young Men in his De-
partm* were going to Illinois, and afk'd if he thought
proper to fend an Order to them not to leave the Set
tlement without his Permiffion (though he had already
given a general one) which the Commandant did with
Power to him or any of the Officers of Militia to bring
them back with a Party of Men in cafe they fliould go
off. This Day we were Inform'd that the Ottawas &
Chippawas had quarrel'd and were going to feparate.
'6 All quiet. The Garrifon lay on their Arms.
The 13 Inftant the Wind blew frefh at N. W. and
continued till the 14th when it was eafterly till the
Evening fhe came about wefterly and blew freffi all the
next Day and to day S. W. fo that we imagln'd the
Scooner muft have been at Niagara fome Time laft
Night, or at furtheft to day.
All quiet to day. We heard this Morning that the
Ottawas were encamp'd on a Plain about a League off.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
This Afternoon we were inform'd that the Indians
had broke down two Barns to make fix large Rafts,
which they were to tie together to burn the Veffel but
they did not fend them. At 1 1 o'Clock two French
men came to the Fort for Arms & FJInts, informing
us that the Jefulft had fent Word from the other Side
of the River that the Hurons & Puttawattamees In
tend

"7

Pontiac'' s Siege of Detroit. 49
tend to fall upon the French on the south-weft Side of 1763.
the Fort. But they did not. The Garrifon lay on J^'^-
the Ramparts.
Yefterday the Wind S. W. to day N. E. This Day ,3
we were inform'd that the Float they were making was
300 Foot long. We were alfo Inform'd that all the
young Men towards the Grofs Point intended to go
off to the Illinois as they were afraid of being hang'd.
At about II o'clock fome Ottawas came down op
pofite the Sloop and call'd out to them feveral Times
to go over to them with fome Rum, &c. which they
anfwer'd. When the Garrifon call'd all was well, they
were very angry & fir'd over the River-, which the
People on board obferving fir'd three or four Mufquets
in return, & by Accident wounded one of them. The
Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
This Day about fixty Indians as neer as we cou'd '9
guefs, came within about 350 Yards of the Fort in
fome Orchards and fir'd upon the Fort. We threw a
Shell amongft them but unluckily it did not break,
which gave them great Joy by their crying ; however
we prepar'd another, and while they were taking the
firft one up we fir'd It & it fell diredly amongft them
& burft about three foot from the Ground, and as they
run away fir'd another after them, but have not yet
heard wheather any of them was kill'd or wounded,
tho every body Imagin'd there was, as they went off
without making one Cry.
This Evening we were inform'd that the Enemy
were making twenty-four Rafts of about 30 Foot long
each, four of which were finifh'd. The Garrifon lay
on the Ramparts.
This Day we fited up a large Batteau with a Patta- 20
raroe that carried a three pound Ball.
We were Inform'd that there was one Indian wounded
8 with

50 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- with the Shell yefterday. The Gairifon lay on the
J^ Ramparts. The Wind wefterly & frefli.
2, This Day fitted up a fecond Batteau as the one
mentioned yefterday. The Wind S. W. all Day &
pretty frefh. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
22 This Morning Mr. L. Campo inform'd us that
about the Middle of June the Ottawas of Miehllimack-
inac brought off the Garrifon at LaBay,^^ without do
ing any further harm than killing one Man, who was
kill'd by the Chippewas ; the Renards^*^ and Foils a
voines^i Nations came with them to MIchilimackinac,
but finding them well difpof'd turn'd back.
The Ottawas of MIchilimackinac fay that they
brought off Mr. Gorrel & his Garrifon fearing the
Chippewas wou'd kill them. The Wind S. W. all
Day & pretty frefli. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
^3 The Wind S. W. and frefli the moft part of the Day.
The Commandant & feveral Officers went out of the
Fort, fome on Horfeback & fome on Foot, at whom

49'

^ The Poft at Green Bay, was 6" Renards, the Foxes. This
then garrifoned by Lieut. Gorell, Tribe belonged to the Ottawa Con-
who, upon receiving a Letter from federacy and numbered about 320
Captain Etherington of Michilli- Warriors.— 6'/r William Johnfon's
mackinack, informing him of the Report, 1763.
Events at that Place, and advifing
him to withdraw and join him, "The "\'olles Avoines (Wild
fummoned the neighboring Indians, Oat) Tribe, according to Sir Wm.
ftated to them that thc public Ser- Johnfon's Report to the Board of
vice required him to leave them for Trade, dated Nov. i8thof this
a while, and committing thc Fort to Year, numbered 1 lo Warriors, and
their Care during his Abfence, he formed a Part of the Ottawa Con-
departed federacv. In i 736, they numbered
The Dacotahs were hereditary 160 Warriors, refided North of
Enemies to theOjibwas, and in Cafe Lake Michigan and bore as their
of Hoftihty would havc been aftive armorial Device the large tailed Bear,
Auxiharies of the Englifti.—P^ri- the Stag and a Kilion (a Species of
mans Pontine , 321. Eagle), perched on a Crofs.— iV. Y.
Col. Hift., vii, 582, ix, 1055. the

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 5 1
the Indians fir'd a good many Shot but without doing 1763-
Execution. The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts. J"'^''
The Wind S. & S. W. the moft part of the Day. '^I"'
This Day the two Batteaux were fent up the River to
look at the Situation of the Enemys Camp & try to
bring off any Cannoes or Fire Floats that might be con
venient, but there' was none to be come at without run
ning a Rifk of lofing more Men than they were worth ;
however they oblig'd them to throw away their Ammu
nition, as they lin'd the Sides of the River & fir'd very
brifkly from each Side without even wounding a Man.
The Batteaux now falling down with the Stream & then
rowing up again, on purpofe to draw their fire, as we
were well Inform'd they had not much Ammunition.
This Day we were inform'd that there was about 70
Chippawas ariv'd from MIchilimackinac, among whome
were 5 of the Foles a voines but not one Ottawas.
The Garrifon lay on the Ramparts.
The Wind S. & S. wefterly all Day, but not ftrong. 25
Nothing Extraordinary to day. The Garrifon lay on
the Ramparts.
This Morning Mr. Nauvarre fent in fome Letters 26
that were brought from the Illinois In confequence of
fome that were wrote by the Inhabitants of this Place
fome Time in May. The Meffengers alfo brought
fome for Pondiac.
This Morning were inform'd that yefterday there
was a Council at the Huron Village with the Shawa
nees that are come ; that one Andrew, a Huron who
undertook to go to Fort Pitt fome Time ago, came
with them & fays he was hinder'd by them to go on,
that he was at Venango when it was taken & that all
the Garrifon was put to death without Exception ; it
was taken In the fame Mariner with the reft, fifteen
went In to fpeak to the Commandant & forty remain'd without

5 2 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- without, & while they were in Council the forty rufh'd
J"'y- in & put the Garrifon to death.^^ The Wind wefterly.
The People In general feem'd to be a little eaft down
on the Return of their Meffengers from the Illinois,
from which we Imagin'd they had not receiv'd fuch
Anfwers as they expeded. The Letters they wrote
were fent from this about the Middle of May, un
known to the Commandant. The Garrifon lay on the
Ramparts.
27 This Morning Andre the Huron came into the
Fort, who told us that he was not at the taking of
Venango & that the Reafon he faid to the Ottawas
that he was there, was becaufe they would fufped him,
but that all the Indians that he faw near the Ohio told
him fo. That he was ftop'd upwards of twenty Days
by different Party's of Indians and that in trying to
crofs a River to get from one of them, he loft his Let
ters, that he did not dare to go Into the Fort as he
wou'd have nothing to ffiow, & knowing that the In
dians had commenc'd Hoftility's there, altho hewas on
the oppofite Side of the River. He likewife inform'd
us that the Delawares had kill'd all their Prifoners in
confequence of the Prophecy's of one of their Nation
who pretended that he had been to Heaven and was
told by God that they muft put all the Englifli to
death, but not to burn any as was fometimes their
Cuftom, otherwife we fliou'd overcome them. He alfo
inform'd us that all the Hurons except the Bands of
BabI, Theata & another Chief, with Part of the Put-
^2 Venango was garrifoned by a tack, except Lieut. Gordon, who
fmall Party under Lieut. Gordon, was referved for the moft refined
and as every Man within it periftied. Tortures by Fire that Savage Inge-
we have no Hiftory of the Details nuity could invent. This done,
except the Narrative of Indians, and they burnt the Place and departed.
the Traces of its Ruins. The Men —Parkman's Pontiac, 337.
were all ftaughtered on the firft At- tawattamees

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 53
tawattamees had fung the War Song again, but that 1763.
the Hurons, or Wlandots told the Ottawas that not- J"'^-
withftanding that, they wou'd not fight. ^"""^^
He alfo told the Commandant that as he was fuf-
peded, being fo long away & not being at Fort Pitt,
If he would give him Letters again he wou'd go & re
turn In twenty Days. Upon which the Commandant
told him he did not fufped him, and as Proof wou'd
fend him again & defir'd him to come the next Day In
the Evening & he wou'd have every thing ready for
him, tho at the fame Time he cou'd not be otherwife
than fufpeded, but as he was a very knowing fellow &
had a good deal to fay among the Indians It was thought
beft by the Interpreter and every body that was pre
fent to try him again, as he might change feeing the
Confidence we put in him, tho he had been ading the
Knave before. The Wind foutherly.
This Day we were Inform'd by Mr. Sterling that 28
Madamoifelle Cuerfiere told him that Godfoy told
Pondlac when he return'd from the Illinois that he
cou'd not fend him any Succours yet as they had heard
by a Spanlffi Veffel that the Peace was made, but that
as foon as his Couriers ariv'd that he had fent to New
Orleans If he found the News to be falfe he wou'd fee
what he cou'd do, & defir'd that the Inhabitants fhou'd
not appear in It at all, but keep themfelves quiet.
This Morning fix Frenchmen fet off In a burch
Canoe for Niagara with Letters from the Commandant.
This Evening Andre came in & took the Command
ants Letters for Fort Pitt. The Wind foutherly.
This Morning at Half paft four o'Clock, It being 29
very foggy, we heard the Report of feveral Mufquets
& now and then as we thought Swivels at the Huron
Village, which we [thought] to be fome Indians firing
at the Scooner, as fhe might have come that far up the
River

^4 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- River without our feeing her in the Night, but in
J"^y- about Half an Hour to our great Surprize, we faw
"~^ about twenty- Batteaux, which upon their coming near
we found to be Englifh Boats, with a Detach' of about
260 Men under the Comm*! of Capt. Dalyel.^^ They
came the fouth Side of the Lake & burn'd a fmall
Indian Village near Sanduflcy that the Indians had
abandoned. They had fourteen Men wounded in
paffing the Huron Village.
In the Evening we faw fome Fires at the Huron
Town which was faid to be fome Cannoes that they fet
on fire as they were gone away. It was given out by
the French to Pondiac (as we were Inform'd) that it
was not a new Detachment, but that the Commandant
had fent out his young Men as they cou'd under the
Cover ofthe Fogg, and row'd up the River again to
make them believe It was Succours that ariv'd. The
Wind S. wefterly all Day.
30 The Wind S. wefterly. This Morning Andre fet
off for Fort Pitt. Nothing Extraordinary to day.
Two Prifoners fav'd themfelves to night from the In
dians.
31 This Morning at three Quarters after two a Detach
ment of 247 Men under the Command of Capt.
Dalyel march'd out with an Intention to furprize the
Indian Camp about three Miles & a half from the
Fort.54
^* James Dalyell (fometimes writ- his Arrival at Detroit, as ftated in
ten Dalzell) had been appointed a the following Pages.
Lieutenant in the 6oth Regiment or
Royal Americans, early in 1756, ^^ The following Paragraph had
and in 1760 obtained a Company been written in the MSS. next fol-
in the 2d Battalion of the Royals, lowing this, and erafed :
or the I ft Regiment of Foot. He "It was given out yefterday
periflied in a brave but indifcreet Morning by the French that we
Attack upon the Enemy foon after intended to attack them, but they
But

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 55
But whether the Enemy were inform'd of it or dif- '763-
cover'd them in marching out Is not known, but when J y*
they were within a Half of Mile of their Camp they
were fir'd upon bv a great Number of Indians from
behind Orchards, Fences & Entrenchments that they
had pofted themfelves in for that Purpofe, which put
them a little In Confufion at firft, but they foon re-
cover'd their Diforder and forc'd the Enemy from their
Lodgements. They then finding that their Scheme
cou'd not be put in Execution, they thought of making
the beft retreat they cou'd, the Enemy being twice as
numerous as they were, and knowing they cou'd not
exped anv more Succours from the Garrifon, for which
purpofe they took Poft in feveral Houfes that was moft
advantagious for to prevent the Enemy as much as
poffible from getting between them and the Fort.
Capt. Dalyel, who behav'd with all the Bravery in the
World, was unluckily kill'd ; after receiving the fire
from the Enemy, tho' Capt. Grant beg'd of him either
to pufli on immediately, make a retreat without lofs of
Time, he remain'd almoft in the fame Place for at leaft
three Quarters of an Hour, foon after which he was
kill'd, and Capt. Grant then with the Affiftance of the
two row Galleys made as good a retreat as was poffible
for any body to do, after fending off all the Wounded
& all the Dead except feven.
did not know when. Their Reafon they knew everything we did, as
for thinking fo was, becaufe we one may fee from the other Side of
were mending fome old Canoes, thc River every movement made
but we gave out we fliould not want infide of the Fort. The Detach-
them in lefs than four or five Days, ment was three Quarters of an Hour
imagining that News would be car- from the Fort before wc heard any
ried to their Camp with everything firing, when it commenced and con-
elfe, as we never could do anything tinued four to five Minutes very
in the Fort without their knowing ; heavy, at which Time our People
for even if the Gates were fliut and were approaching the Bridge on the
nobody permitted to go out, yet Side of the River,"
We

^6 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. We loft in this Affair, Capt. Dalyel kill'd, Capt.
July- Gray, Lieut. Luke & Lieut. Brown ofthe 35th wound-
^"^ ed, one Serjeant & 13 Rank & File kill'd and one
Drum"- and 25 wounded. 60 Reg' one Private kill'd
& feven wounded. 80 Reg* two kill'd & three wound
ed. 2 R. A. Rangers 2 kill'd & one wounded, & a
Traders Servant wounded. Total, Officers included,
kill'd & wounded, 61. The Indians fay they had five
kill'd and eleven wounded.^^
Auguft I Laft Night about ten o'Clock a Prifoner was brought
in that was wounded at Mr. Cuylers Affair.
The Wind S. & S. wefterly all Day, and at Night
chang'd all round the Compafs.
This Day we were inform'd that Part of the Hurons
were Encamp'd on the upper End of the Grofs Ifle,56
where they had fome Corn, that they had fent their
Chief who was wounded In yefterday's Affair to the
Grand River with a Belt to defire the Puttawattamees
to join them.
This Morning about two o'Clock Mr. Rutherford
ariv'd at the Sloop, having made his Efcape from the
Indians about nine Mile from the Fort, feven of which
he came by Land, when finding a Cannoe he embark'd
in it & came to the Veffel.
Young Mr. Campo brought in the Body of poor
Capt. Dalyel about three o'Clock to day, which was
*^ Parents Creek, ever fince this conceal his Warriors along every
memorable Affair called Bloody Hollow and behind every Building
^^», enters the Detroit River about and Tree along the Route ofthe
a Mile and a Half above the Site of devoted Band.
the Fort, and near its Mouth was
croffed by a narrow wooden Bridge. ^® An Ifland about twelve Miles
The Surface beyond was broken by below Detroit and ftill known by
Ridges parallel with the Stream, this Name. It is feven Miles long
and Pontiac, forewarned by Cana • and about two wide at the wideft
dians in his Intereft, had ample Part.

Time to remove his Camp, and

rnangled

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. ^j
mangled in fuch a horrid Manner that it was fhocking 1763-
to human nature; the Indians wip'd his Heart about ^"S"*^-
the Faces of our Prifoners.
Since the Detachment ariv'd the Garrifon has been
lefs fatigued than before, as inftead of every body lying
[upon] the Works, a Capt. Picket of 80 Men & three
Subalterns took their Place every Night.
The Wind wavering to day, but moftly S. and fouth- ^
wefterly. Since the laft Sortie the People have brought in
feveral Cattle for the King, & offer'd any thing they
had, which we imagine was partly owing to fome Dis
orders that the Soldirs committed the 3 ift In the Morn
ing by plundering feveral Houfes, and partly as they
fee we are fo ftrong that we can defend ourfelves both
againft the Indians & them, that is to fay to maintain
the Poft without their Affiftance.
The Commandant has not yet been able to get a
Copy of the Letter that the Inhabitants wrote to
the Illinois, nor a Copy of the Anfwer that Mr.
Nolyon fent back to them, by which It appears they
had a great Share in the Affair, tho they try to hide It.
The [Wind] N. Eafterly and pretty frefli. This 3
Day we began to fit up another Batteau for a four
Pownder. Since the Sortie there has been every Night as we 4
are inform'd at leaft two hundred and fifty Indians dlf-
perf 'd in Party^ round the Fort to watch our Motions.
About two o'Clock about fifteen were feen at a Houfe
about a Quarter of a Mile frora the Fort, upon which a
Party was fent out, but whether they wer^ feen in going
out or no we cant tell, but the Indiarjs went off im
mediately. This Morning at Half an Hour paft three o'Clock, S
Capt. Grant with fixty Men of the Picket was fent out
9 to

5 8 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. to take Poft in fome Houfes near the Fort that the
Auguft. Indians made a Pradlce of coming to in the Day time,
~''~' where he refted till one o'Clock, but none came near
enough for him to hurt them.
The Wind S. Eafterly & pretty frefli. At four this
Afternoon the Scooner appear'd in Sight.
6 This Morning at 8 o'Clock the Scooner anchor'd
before the Fort ; flie brought but eighty Barrels of
Provlfion, a good deal of Naval Stores, & fome Mer
chandife. At 3 in the Afternoon a Frenchman came In from
Michlllmackinac which he left 15 Days ago and in
forms us that Capt. Etherington & his Garrifon, with
that of Fort Wm. Auguftus" and all the Englifli Mer
chants were gone down to Montreal guarded by the
Ottawas, a Detachment of one Subaltern, four Ser
jeants, four Corporals, one Drummer & 
as alfo Commodore Lorain with fixteen Sailors.
This Day unloaded the Scooner & made thfe Sloop
ready to fail.
7 This Day the Commandant rec'^ a Letter from Capt.
Etherlngton dated at MIchilimackinac the 18 July,
who with his Garrifon & that of Fort Wm. Auguftus
^' This Fort was near the Grand now known as Chimney Iftand.
Portage on Lake Superior and fub- This Ifland was fortified in 1759
fequently became an important Sta- under the Direftion of Chevalier
tionof the Northweft Fur Company Le\i, and from him was named
under the Name of Fort William. Fort Levi.
Another Fortrefs of this Name ftood In the Summer of 1760, while
on an Ifland in the St. Lawrence, under thc Command of M. Pouchot,
at the Foot of Sloop Navigation, it was attacked and reduced by Lord
three Miles below the prefent Vii- Amherft and its Name changed to
lage of Ogdenlburgh. This Ifland Fort William Auguftus. This was
was named by the French Ifte the laft Refiftance made by the
Royal, and by the Indians Oraco- French againft the Englifti in Ca-
nenton. From the Ruins of its nada.
Barracks and other Buildings, it is was

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 59
was then going Into the Boats to go to Montreal, as 1763-
alfo all the Englifh Merchants, for whome he had ob- A^g^ll^-
tain'd Permiffion of the Indians to carry all their Mer
chandize. This Morning at two o'Clock Capt. Hopkins and ^
two Subalterns with 60 Volunteers went down in Boats
with an Intent to furprize an Indian Caban at the
Puttawattamee Village. We went down undifcover'd
to the Place we intended to land, and in turning in the
Boats to the Shore the Row Galley which was com
manded by Lieut. Abbot being heavy did not follow
fo near as could be wifh'd, by which Means, It being
foggy & dark under the Land, fhe loft Sight of us and
drop'd down with the Current fo far that before Capt.
Hopkins got her up again it was broad Day light &
we was difcover'd & obllg'd to return back without
attempting any thing. The Fogg continued fo thick
that my Boat & the Row Galley was loft again ; the
Row Galley at laft threw out her Anchor and lay there
till It began to get clear, but the other Boats cou'd
neither do that nor go to the Shore, as the Enemy
foUow'd us on each Side of the River.
The Wind has been up the River ever fince the 9
Veffel ariv'd that fhe cou'd not go from this.
Both Veffels were made ready to fail to day, fifteen 10
ofthe Wounded were put on board the Sloop to be
fent to Niagara as they cou'd be of no ufe here this
Year, & it fav'd Provlfion, as alfo fourteen or fifteen
Merchants that had been Prifoners with the Indians.
The Wind ftralght up the River alday. This Day 1 1
we were Inform'd that the Puttawattamees & Hurons
were all coming back.
This Night one Jacob Taylor a Trader came In,
having made his Efcape from the Indians.
The Wind almoft Weft, the Veffels cou'd not ftir. '^
The

1763.
Auguft. 13
14 IS

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
The Wind a little to North of W., the Veffels weigh'd
Anchor at 10 o'Clock & In two Trips got below the
Huron Point, from where they had a large Wind to
Sanduflcy. ¦''8 The Indians did not fire one Gun at them.
This Morning the Wind W. and frefli.
The Wind Weft and frefh all Day with a good deal

^8 The Arrival of thefe Veffels
was announced to Sir WiUiam
Johnfon in the foUowing Letter :
"Niagara, 24th Auguft, 1763.
Sir : Being allways glad to felebrat
all oppertunityes of giving you the
earlyeft Inteligence of any thing per-
ticular intreduces me to trouble you
with this.
The Commodore arrived here on
the 2 2d Inft. and allfothe Schooner
and the Sloop from Detroit. By
them we have the following Ac
count of the grate Luck and fafe
Arrival of Capt. Duel [Dalyell] and
his Armiment at Detroit being fome-
what remarkable, as the Indians was
lying in Ambulh for him which he
knew of, but the Night and Morn
ing that he arived being fogee
Weather he got in to the Garrifon
without the Knowledge of the In
dians, who were foon made ac
quainted with it, not only his Arri
val but his Intentions, which was
the next Morning he march'd about
two Miles Diftance from the Gar
rifon being informed of fome In-
trenchments they had thcre, where
he was fired on very warmly by a
Party of Indians, as he was crofling
a wooden Bridge which was behind
fome Pickquets, notwithftanding
which the brave and undaunted
Capt. Duel [DalyeUJ maich'd the

Men on to the Breft work or Trench
which the Englifti foon got Poffef
fion of, and the Indians retreated
to another Trench they had fome
Diftance in the Rear of the In-
trenchmcnt where Capt. Duel be
haved with the greateft Courage and
Refolution imaginable, but foon told
Capt. Grant he was wounded, not
withftanding which his Bra\'ery in
the Command was the fame as be
fore, but fome Time after Lieut.
McDougle informed Capt. Gray,
belonging 55th [35th], that Capt.
Duel [Dalyell] was wounded again
and dead. Then Capt. Gray took
the Command and being informed
that the Indians were furrounding
them faft by the Direftdons of their
Sachem Pondeack and takeing Pof-
feflion of the French Houfes. Upon
this News the Englifti thought pro
per to Retreat. Some Partys were
detached to drive them out and take
PoffcflLon from the Indians, which
they foon did, at which Time Capf
Gray was wounded taking Poffeffion
of a Mill, but hope he will recover.
Alfo Lieut. Brown of the 55th was
wounded at the fame Time. Then
Capt. Grant had the Command,
who marched the Men very regular
on the Retrait into the Fort. About
fifteen Men with Major Rogers got
in. a Houfe who was to bring up
ot

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 6i
of Rain. This Day threw a Coehorn Shell to the other 1763-
Side of the River. 3-'
The Wind wefterly all Day with Rain. This ,5
Day we were Inform'd that Pondlac had given out
that the Commandant only fent the Veffels out into the
Lake to make the Indians believe that they went to
Niagara, but he knew better for they neither brought
Provifions nor Men. That when they ariv'd oppofite
the Fort we always fent two or three Batteaux along
fide of them full of Men who were all hid except thofe
that row'd, and as foon as they got on board huzza'd,
by which Means we made them believe that we receiv'd
Succours. The Wind ftill wefterly and N. W. with Rain. '7
Laft Night there was 150 of the Enemy within about
three Quarters of a Mile of the Fort, 50 of whome
were conftantly Centry ; the Night was extremely bad.
They themfelves fay that two or three of them fwlmed
down clofe to the Fort, but obferving fome Soldiers
that was in a Batteaux anchor'd above the Fort with a
Patteraroe^^ in It, to put up their Heads, they went
back as faft as they cou'd.
the Reare and Cover the Retrate, his Arms and one Leg and takeing
which was foon furrounded by the out his Bowels, his Body was brought
Indians and had no other way to in and buried in the Fort. Laft
get clear of them but by ftiowing Night arrived here feventy of the
them a clean pair of Heels, which 46th Reg'.
he did, and a Corporal of the 55 th I am Sir
had a fair Tryal for, and got fafe Your moft Hum^^^ Serv't.
in the Fort. T. De Couagne.
There is MUed and wounded in P. S. By the Prifoners we have
this Engagement about thirty En- Account of the Seneckees, it is fuf-
glifti, the Number of Indians- is not pefted that they have joyned the
known. DeUawares.
The have murdered Capt. Duel
[Dalyell] in a barbarous Manner ^'Paterero, or Pederero, a fmall
by Schelping him, cutting of one of Cannon mounted as a Swivel.
The

62 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- The Wind. N.W. Laft Night & this Morning
Auguft. before Day the Ottawas chang'd their Camp from be-
"TT" hind the Grand Marais to the River Rouge, ^^^ where
they will be very convenient to harrafs any Party that
may be coming up ; or the Veffels, as they will have
early Intelligence of It, and Time to poft themfelves
in the moft convenient Places for that Purpofe.
Laft Night Mr. Watkins with about eighteen Volun
teers lay in Mr. Babi's Houfe as the Indians had paft
It two Nights before In order to try how near they
cou'd come to the Fort. But he did not get an Opper-
tunity of firing upon any of them as there was Cry
given as foon as he got there, which we imagine to
have been one of their Centrys.
This Evening the-Commandant rec^ a Letter from
one Waffong, the Chief of the Chippawas, to this Effed:
That If he had a Mind to leave the Fort he might do
It peacibly at prefent, but If not that the River would
foon be ftop'd up. That he had never yet fought
againft him, for that if he had the Fort wou'd have
been burn'd long ago, with a great many threats & very
Infolent Expreffions. The Commandant fent Word
to the Indians that if they had any thing to fay to
come to the Fort ; that he knew they cou'd not write
& therefore might be impof 'd on by thofe that wrote
for them, & defir'd the Meffenger to tell the French
that the firft that wrote another Letter of that Kind
might exped to be hang'd ; which we fuppofe was in
confequence of fome Batteaux that were fent up the
River in the Morning to fee what the Enemy were
doing, as it was reported they were making a large Raft.
¦9 The Wind eafterly, but not much of It. This Day
finifh'd another Batteau for a four pownder.
^° The River Rouge empdes into four Miles below the Site of the
the Detroit River from the Weft, Fort.
The

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 63
The Wind N. eafterly In the Morning & wefterly '763-
In the Afternoon, but not much of It. ".^^'
This Morning at Half an Hour paft three Capt. 20
Hopkins, Enfign Perry is: Enfign KIggel and forty
Men of the PIket, with Capt. Roger & four or five of
his Men, & Mr. Watkins ^' Mr. Cornwell and fome
other Volunteers went to waylay the Road that the
Indians generally take to pafs from the Puttawattlmy
Village to the Camp up the River, to favour which
the Commandant fent up four Batteaux, two with a ¦
four Pownder In each, and two with Patteraroes, they
went as far as the upper End of the Ifle au Cochon,''^
and drew a good many ofthe Indians that way, but Capt.
Hopkins being difcover'd return'd without being able
to do any thing.
The Wind S. & S. eafterly, but very little of It.
This Day part of the Picket was out about four hun
dred Yards from the Fort lodg'd In Houfes to try to
catch or kill fome Indians that daily came near the
Fort, but their Intelligence was fo good that they
always knew of it and never came near enough. A
Woman was wounded through the Arm by Accident
at the Door of a Houfe behind which were two Indians.
The Wind foutherly In the Morning, from 12 till ^2
Night S. E. pretty frefti, then more foutherly. This
Day part of the Picket was out as yefterday and fir d
a great many Shot at the Enemy, but was fo far off
that they cou'd not do any Execution. On their going
out they faw two Indians whom they foUow'd In pur-
fuit of whom we had one Man fhot through the thigh,
for the Indians ran away (as is their Cuftom) as foon
as they faw our Men, and when they return'd the
Indians return'd alfo and generally got a Shot at our
Men without expofing themfelves, however we heard
"Nearly five MUes from the Fort. that

64 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- that one of the two that ran away this Morning was
A^. £hot through the Body.
At Half paft nine this Evening a Negro made his
Efcape from one Marfacks who had bought him from
the Indians.
23 The Wind S. & S. wefterly all Day. This Morn
ing we were Inform'd that one ofthe Indians died laft
Night that was wounded yefterday & that two others
are wounded.
This Day the Picket was at Mr. Barrois & a little
beyond It fklrmlfhing with the Indians the moft Part
of the Day, we fir'd a good many Shells in the Garden
where fome of them was & fir'd feveral Shot through
the Houfes they were in, fo that we imagine they re
ceiv'd a good deal of Damage. About Half an Hour
before Sunfet the Party was order'd in, and as foon as
the Rear of the Party was well in the Fort they were
impudent enough to come to Mr. St. Martins Houfe
and fir'd feveral Shot In at the Gate & fet Fire to two
or three little out Houfes that we had Poffeffion of all
Day, which the Commandant thought fo Infolent that
he fent out Major Rogers with the Picket to take
Poffeffion again, and upon his appearing the Indians
run away & he remain'd there all Night. We had
three Men wounded to day.
24 The [Wind] S. & S. wefterly but not much of it ;
In the Afternoon Rain, the Wind changing all round
the Compafs.
This Night the Commandant fent out an Officer &
thirty Men of the Picket to keep Poffeffion of Mr.
Brarrols's Houfe & Barn to proted it & Mr. St.
Martins, which the Indians faid they wou'd burn,
which he Intended to do till they had thrafli'd their
Corn, &c. This Day we had two Men wounded, but
one of them very flightly. This

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 6 c
This Day a Bennlckee*52 Indian came Into the Fort 1763.
for a Pafs to go to Montreal, being the third time ^"8"^-
within this five Days ; he faid he had been at War """^
againft the Cherokees, & that his Brother who came
with him laft Winter with Mr. Fergufon went a hunt
ing when he. went away and he had not heard of him
fince. But one  an Albany Trader who was taken
with one Meldrum between Mlamee & Oulattanon,
came In this Evening and Inform'd us that he had
been four Days In the Woods without any thing to
eat, having made his Efcape from one of the Puttawat
tamee Villages about forty Miles off, where he heard
the Indians fay that In Capt. Dalyels Affair there was
fix Ottawas, two Chippewas and one Bennickee Indian
klU'd, which Bennickee we fuppofe to be the Brother
of this one that is In the Fort.
At ten this Night the Indians fet Fire to a fmall
Houfe that we had Poffeffion of all Day from which
we gall'd them. It was "too far from the other Houfes
that we had Poffeffion of to keep Men in, as they were
always liable to be cut off.
This Day In the Afternoon the Indians came to ^5
their Poft & fir'd a good deal at our Men that keep'd
Poffeffion of Mr. Barrois Houfe &c., but without
doing any Harm.
This Morning Mr. Cecote & Mr. Forville came to 26
the commanding Officer In the Name of four ofthe moft
principal Chiefs of the Ottawas to afk Mr. Labute to
come to fpeak to them, but Mr. Labute did not choofe
to go, &; the Commandant wou'd not order him. In
the Afternoon they fir'd a great deal & expof 'd them
felves more than ufual. At four o'Clock they fet Fire
to Mr. Babi's Houfe which burn'd to the Ground In
^^Abenaque. 10 a

27

29

66 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. a few Minutes. This Day we had one Man wounded.
Auguft- The Wind S. & S. wefterly.
The Wind S. This Morning we were inform'd that
there was one Indian kill'd yefterday & three wounded.
This Day did not fire fo much as yefterday, wounded
one Indian.
The [Wind] S. W. Very little firing to day at the
advanc'd Poft.
The Wind weavering from S. S. E. to W. N. W.
This Day by Accident found two Keys that had been
lately made, one of which open'd one of our fmall
Gates & the other a large one. Yefterday about fifty
Indians ariv'd here, 30 of whom had been oppofite to
the landing Place 9 Mile up the River, & fay they faw
a great many Englifh carry'g Provlfion on their Backs
and otherwife, are likewife inform'd that the Indians
that [went] to Montreal with Mr. Lerond by Pondiacs
leave are come back, who met Cap. Etherington &
Garrifon about 25 Leagues from thence.
3° The Wind chang'd all Day from S. E. to S. & S. S. W.
This Evening we were Inform'd that four Hurons
ariv'd from Sandufky to inform the Indians here that
there was an Army of two thoufand Men between that
& Fort Pitt on their way hither, that the Indians had
been neer enough to fire upon them, & the Englifh
returning the fire kill'd feven of the Mlamee Nation.
The Indians fir'd a good deal from their Breaftwork
at the outlying Picket to day.
J, The Wind chang'd all round the Compafs. This
Morning we were Inform'd that a Chief of the Mlffe-
fagys was badly wounded yefterday.
Sept. I xhe Wind almoft due Eaft all Day. This Day we
were inform'd that the Chief of MIffefagys who was
wounded the 30 Auguft died yefterday. This Day
the Nephew of a great Chief of the Ottawas was kill'd at

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 67
at their Retrench* that they were trying to open again, '763*
as Mr. Brehm deftroy'd it yefterday Morning. ^^
The Wind Eaft & a little to the fouthward of Eaft ^
all Day. The Indians fir'd a good deal to day at the
advanc'd Picket.
The Wind a little to the fouthward of Eaft. This 3
Morning we were inform'd that the Scooner was In
the River near the lowermoft inhabitants & that there
was fome Mohawks In her, as four of them had landed
and fent for Babl'^"^ & Theata of the Hurons to come
& fpeake with them & then went on board again.
At one o'clock the Indians came and fet Fire to a
Windmill about three hundred Yards from the Fort.
At Half an Hour apaft 2 one Mr. Petet & another
Frenchman ariv'd from the Illinois by way of Fort St.
Jofeph, who Inform'd us that 28 Days ago Mr. Neyon
the Commandant there had not rec"^ the ace* of the
Peace from Authority but expeded it every Day. He
had heard it from New Orleans by an Englifh Mer
chant that was ariv'd there from Martinico.
That the Oueattanon Indians had been with Mr.
Neyon for Ammunition and he had given them about
three Barrels of Powder & Lead In Proportion, enough
to keep them from ftarving a little while.
The Wind Eaft the moft of the Day. Laft Night 4
at about 9 o'Clock 340 Indians embark'd in Cannoes
and went to board the Scooner. The Merchants were
on Shore. The Channel where the Veffel lay not being
very wide and Rufhes growing on each Side of It,
they came within a little more than a hundred Yards
of her before they were difcover'd & then rufh'd in at
once upon her furrounding her with Cannoes & Bat-
^ Babie, the Huron Chief, figned Odinghquanooron, and he appears
the Treaty at Fort Niagara, July to have poffeffed confiderable Influ-
1 8, 1 764. His Indian Name was ence among his Tribe. teaux

68 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. teaux and under a very brifk fire attempted to cut
^^P'^- holes In her Stern & the Cable. The Cable they cut,
""^^ but notwithftanding there was but twelve on board,
two of whome Mr. Horfey and another was kill'd
& four wounded at the beginning, they never was able
to board her, but oblig'd to fly with the lofs (as the
French tell us) of eight klU'd & twenty wounded.
When the Commanding Officer was Inform'd that there
was Indians on board and but twelve Men, he fent off
an Exprefs with a Letter to Mr. Horfey, but they
did not get down till the Attack began, and confe
quently cou'd not get on board, and this Morning, the
fifth, when we were inform'd that fhe had been attack'd,
the Commandant fent down four Row Galleys.
5 The Wind S. E. At 9 o'Clock the Row Galleys
return'd, Capt. Hopkins & about twenty Men Includ
ing fome Volunteers remain'd on board.
At 1 1 the Wind fpring up a little & the Schooner
came in Sight and at Half apaft three eaft Anchor op
pofite the Fort. She brought 47 Barrals of Flour &
160 of Pork.
6 The Wind S. W. This Day we heard that the In
dians were watching near the Mouth of the River to
pick up thofe that were kill'd. The Mohawks fay that
the Hurons kept them Prifoners after they went on
Shore, but from all Appearance they are great Rafcals
& came with an Intent to betray the People in the
Veffels.
7 The Wind S. W. This Day we were inform'd that
feven Indians died of their Wounds. The Com
mandant being inform'd by the People in the Schooner
that there was two more Indians coming In the Sloop,
who with thofe that came In the Schooner might have
laid a Scheme to come on board with other Indians
as Friends and endeavour to take her by Treachery, thought

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 60
thought proper to fend a Man with a Letter to the 1763.
River Cannard (as If he was going a hunting) with ^"^P'-
Orders to remain there till the Sloop came into the ^~^
River, and then to go on board of her and give -the
Letter to the Commander, to whom he gave Orders
for preventing any Treachery that they might think to
practice againfl; him.
This Morning the Commandant was inform'd that g
it was realy the Intention ofthe Mohawks to betray the
Sloop If they cou'd & for that Purpofe they were gone
to the Mouth of the River, upon which the Wind
coming about he order'd the Schooner to make ready
to fail, and wrote a fhort Letter to the General telling
him the Reafon of his being obllg'd to fend her away
before he had Time to write all that he Intended, and
wrote a Letter to the Commander of the Sloop with
Orders & Diredlons how to behave in coming up the
River. The Wind N. W. when the Schooner fall'd at
Half paft one and continued fo till about Half after
four, when it came about to Eaft and continued all
Night. The Wind E. Laft Night at about 1 1 o'Clock the 9
Indians burn'd the Barn of Mr. Reaume^^ on the other
Side ofthe River with about 1000 Bufliels of Wheat
in it, fome Peas & fome Hay.
This Morning we were inform'd that feventy Put-
tawattamys ariv'd from St. Jofephs.
The Wind S. W. Nothing Extraordinary to day. 10
The Wind wefterly all Day, & at Night blew pretty ' '
frefti. The Wind wefterly. '^
^In 1777, one Pierre Reaume ter fettled at Green Bay in 1790,
was a prominent Settler at Detroit, and after holding a civil Office many
and the next Year Charles Reaume Years died between 18 1 8 and 1824.
was a Captain in die Britifti Indian — Firft An. Rep. State Hift. Soc.
Department at that Place. The lat- Wifconfin, 61.
The

yo Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. The Wind S. & S. Weft. This Day we were In-
S=P'- form'd that there was a Veffel feen at the Mouth of
'^T' the River yefterday Morning.
One ofthe Sailors that was wounded in the Scooner
told us yefterday that the Sloop was going to land 200
Men and Provlfion at Prefque Ifle & was then to re
turn to Niagara for Provlfion for this Place, which if
true Is very furprlzing, as they knew we had but fix
Weeks Provlfion in Store when fhe went away, and
the Scooner was fent loaded with Pork, all to^about
forty Barrels of Flour.
14 The Wind S. W. This Day we were Inform'd that
forty Puttawattmys were gone to their Village at St.
Jofephs.
15 The Wind W. & S. W. For two or three Days
paft we have had Acct^ of the Veffels being at the
Mouth of the River & of Boats being at Sandufky.
16 The Wind wefterly. To day we heard that the In
dians were making ready their Cannoes to go off.
17 The Wind S. & S. W. Laft Night a Soldier that
was taken the 29th May coming from MIchilimacki
nac & a Merchant made their Efcape & came Into the
Fort. The Soldier fays that he was told by a French
man that the Reafon that the People afk Billets or
Certificates from Pondlac for their Cattle was because
the People In Canada were to pay Half their Loffes.
That he fpoke with Aaron the Mohawk, who told him
he was fent here by Sir William Johnfton to find who
were the Caufe of the War.
18 The Wind S. & S. W. This Day we were inform'd
that the Ottawas, Puttawattamys & Wlandots were to
go off to morrow. That a Cannoe with fome Hurons
was ariv'd from the Eaft End of Lake Erie who faid
that they faw a Number of Troops embark'd on board
the Sloop and a great Number of Batteaux on their way
hither. The

'9

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. Ji
The Wind W. & N. W. Very freffi all Day & laft '763-
Night from 8 o'Clock It blew very hard Squawls from _^^"
the fame Quarter with a great deal of Rain.
This Day we were inform'd that the Puttawattamys
were all gone, & that the Ottawas were angry at Pon
diac for propofing to go, & they chofe one Manitoo
for their Chief in his Place.
The Wind W. & N. W., very freffi all Day and
very cold for the Seafon. Laft Night twelve French
men got a Pafs for Montreal & took fome Letters with
them. The Wind W & N. W. and very Cold. We were
inform'd a few Days ago by Monf'" Fortville that
Baptifte Deriverre with his Party who came from the
Illinois with Monf"^ Sabole fought in Conjunction
with the Indians againft the Veffel when Mr. Horfey
was kill'd.
The Wind Weft till 12 o'Clock when it changed to
the Eaftward of South, and continued all Day a light
Breeze, the Air not being fo cold as It had been for
two or three Days before. Yefterday the Indians fent
word to all the Inhabitants not to offer to go into the
Fort for three Days, and. If any came out of the Fort
they were to tell them to go back & inform thofe
within not come out during that Time, under Pain of
having their Houfes & Barns burnt.
The Wind S. & a little to the Eaftward of S. 23
The Wind S. E. and E. S. E. all Day. Laft Night 24
at about a Quarter after eight o'Clock Serjeant Fisher
In paffing from the Fort to Mr. St. Martins Houfe
was fir'd upon by two Indians as we fuppofe & was
kill'd, which gave Reafon for us to think that It was
Scheme laid by the French & Indians to get an Officer
Prifoner, as they knew the Commandant and many of
the Officers walk'd there (fince we took Poft at Mr.
Barrois's

22

72 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. Barrois's) after Night, and for that Reafon the French
July- was neither to come in nor go out of the Fort ; as
otherwife they might fire upon fome of them inftead
of us.
This Day at about one o'Clock Baby the Huron
came Into the Fort but brought nothing extraordinary.
He faid that the moft of his Errant was to fee the
Major & pay him his Refpeds, it being the firft Opper-
tunity he had fince he was in before, as the Ottawas &
Puttawattamys were always being along the Road to
watch our Motions.
25 The Wind S. & S. E. till twelve of Clock then
chang'd to the Weft with Rain.
This Evening we were Inform'd that the Enemy
intended to attempt to furprife the advanc'd Poft.
The Night was very bad, it raining very hard & the
Wind ffilfting with hard Squawls from South to Weft.
26 The Wind pretty freffi from the Weft with Rain.
This Day we were inform'd that fome Indians came In
laft Night that had been to fee whether there was an
Army on the Lake or no, who reported that there was
a vaft Number of Boats between this & Sandufky
which they imagin'd wou'd be here this Night or to
morrow.
27 The Wind wefterly all Day with Rain. This Day
Aron the Mohawk fent word to the Commandant that
he would come Into the Fort to night or to morrow
night.
28 The Wind N. W. & N. all Day.
29 The Wind W. all Day, hazy weather. Laft Night
at feven o'Clock Aron the Huron [Mohawk] came
into the Fort with his Pafs from Sir William [Johnfon]
& five other Mohawks who were to join Capt. Dalyell,
who faid that he was fent to find out the Reafon of the
War, and that he was convlnc'd the French were great
Rafcals,

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 73
Rafcals, yet the firft Belts came from the Five Nations, 1763-
and that the Mr. Horfey fent him affiore before the ^^P*^"
Schooner was attack'd. Contrary to his own Judgment,
to buy Vegetables ; that the Veffel was attack'd In
Confequence ofthe Intelligence that was given the In
dians by the two Frenchmen that went on board of her,
& not from any that he or his People gave, and that
the People on that Side of the River furnlffi'd them
with Cannoes & every thing they wanted. That many
of the Inhabitants were going off to the MiffifippI
with Quantltys of Merchandize that they had bought
ofthe Indians, that they had taken from our Merch'*^ -
He promif'd to return In three or four Days.
The Wind S. to N. E. 30
The Wind N. & N. E. & fome Part of the Day Oft. i
N.W. This Morning a Frenchman croff'd the River a
little above the Fort with his Goods on his way to a
Houfe down the River that he had hir'd, but being
call'd to, to come In Shore, and not obeying was fir'd
upon, which he did not mind but went on. The
Commandant then ordered a Boat to bring them back,
which they feeing coming after them, obllg'd them
to put in Shore oppofite the Fort. But as no Enemy
was to be ken, the Boat went in under the Bank to
bring her off, but before they got thirty Yards from
the Shore two Indians came running down and fir'd
upon them & kill'd one Man.
TheWindN.E. ThIsMornIng,atiOo'Clock, Lieut. 2
Brehm, Lieut. Abbot, Enf " Riggell & myfelf were
fent up the River with four arm'd Batteaux to Recon
noitre an Ifland in the Mouth of Lake St. Clair to fee
if it was poffible to bring Wood fiom it for the Garri
fon & to try to bring off a Ships Boat that the Indians
took from Capt. Robinfon, when we were about four
II ' Miles

74 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
^7(>'i- Miles from the Fort the Indians began to fire upon us
from Holes they had made on the Side ofthe River, and
two or three Times attempted to put off In a Batteaux
& two or three Cannoes as we imagined to crofs the River
to fire upon us from each Shore, but we drove them
affiore as foon as they were well on board, but at laft
feeing we only loft Time with them, puffi'd on to per
form what we were fent about, when we had gain'd the
upper End ofthe Hogg Ifland we faw them puffi off
with nineteen Cannoes & Batteaux & feem'd to follow
us, & when we were In the narrow Part of the River
furrounded us under a brifk Fire from each Shore;
upon which we turn'd to attack them, they ftill puffi-
Ing on with great Bravery all open to our Fire, making
a great Hallowing ; at length Lieut. Brehm got a good
Shot at fome of them with a four Pownder charg'd
with Grape at about forty or fifty Yards Diftance,
which he fo difabled that out of about 15 or 16 that
were In it we cou'd not fee but two that paddled.
They then put on Shore fome on one Side of the River
and fome on the other, & cry'd two death Hollows ;
we then rowed up and down In the fame Part of the
River & call'd to them to put off again, that we were
waiting for them. But they were then very quiet &
did not Hollow as in the Beginning, & chofe rather to
fire few ftraggling Shot from Shore than attempt com
ing off again. Then finding it too late to proceed we
return'd to the Fort. We had one Man kill'd & three
wounded, two of which were very flight. We have not
yet heard what Number of them were kill'd or wounded.
Upon our Return we were Inform'd that one of the
Veffels were in the Mouth of the River.
3 At 12 o'clock, the Wind being almoft South, heard
firing of Cannon & fmall Arms down the River, & at
one or Half paft, the Schooner came In Sight; about Half

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
Half paft three ffie arriv'd at the Fort, in which came
Capt. Montrefor, who inform'd us that the Sloop was
loft the 28th of Auguft between Prefque Ifle & Nia
gara, ^5 the Provlfion and Guns were all loft except 185
Barrells, which they brought in the Schooner ; the
Rigging was all carried to Niagara.
The Wind S. W., pretty frefh with Showers of Rain.
Laft Night the Enemy fet Fire to a Barn about fixty
Yards from the Poft occupied by our outlying Picket,
and crawl'd about the whole Night to try to get a Pri
foner & kill a Centry, but they did not fucceed If that
was their Defign, but on the Contrary had one Man
kill'd as our People fir'd at every thing they faw move.
Another had a fpeer run through his Body by one of
their own People, and we hear Is like to die.
The Wind Weft & very freffi. This Day the

7S

*^ Letters to Sir WiUiam Johnfon :
NiAGAR.^, Sth Sep'', 1763.
S': In my laft I wrote you that
y^ Sloop was loft upon Lake Erie,
fince y^ have been on Shore they
have been attacked by a few ftrag-
hng Indians, we have loft three Men
in y^ Breaftwork and one out that
was fcalped. Dan' & y" Reft of
the Indians behaved very well.
De Couagne.
Cat Fish Creek, 9th Sept™ 1763.
14 Mills on Lak Eria.
Dr : According to Daniel Ough-
nour's Defire I now take the Free
dom to write to you. The Sth ult™
we have been eaft away at this
Place which detained him from
Profeiding to Detroit, but he fays
he'll go forward and deliver your
Belts and bring you an Anfwer from
the different Nations according to
yo-ar Direftdons. The 3d Inft we

had 3 Men kill by a fmall Parley of
Indians. Daniel fpoke to them at
litde Diftance from the Breaftwork
but they would not tell what Nation
they were, he fays he believes they
are Cinices [Senecas]. We expeft
the Scooner from Detroit dayly.
Aaron & 5 Indians went in her to
Detroit. Daniel -gives his Comp^
to you & Familey and defire the
Favour of you in cafe you fee his
Wife to teft her that he is well.
Sir excufe my Freedom in writing
in fuch a maner for I have had the
Fever & Eague thofe feveral Days.
I am Sir your moft
ob' Humb' Servant,
Collin Andrews.
P. S Capt. Coghran gives his
Complements to you, he has ufed
Daniel extremely well. — MSS. of
Sir William Johnfon, vol. vii.
This

J 6 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- Schooner was made ready to fail. This Day we were
^^- inform'd that there was two hundred Indians & twenty
five Cannoes when they attack'd the Boats.
6 The Wind Weft. Aron the Mohawk came in to
day to fee his Comrades that came in the Schooner,
who told us that there was three Chippewas kill'd &
feven wounded the fecond Inftant. That the Hurons
were fickly with a bad Feever. That feven or eight
had died within five or fix Days paft.
7 The Wind E. & N. E. The Schooner fall'd at
twelve o'clock, in which went Capt. Grey, Lieut.
Brown & Lieut. McDonald.
This Day Mr. Campo came to the Commandant in
the Name of Wabicommigot a Toronto Chief to know
his Sentiments about a Peace, to which the Major
gave no dired Anfwer, but told Mr. Campo that he
might bring him to the Fort & he wou'd fpeake to
him. He ariv'd here laft Sunday with twenty four
Men as he fays not to make War, but to try to accom
modate Affairs.
8 The Wind E. & N. Eaft. This Day 60 Mlamees
ariv'd ; we hear that the Chippewas are preparing all
the Boats & Cannoes they can to attack the arm'd
Boats when they go up the River again.
9 The Wind Weft & N. W. Laft Night a Soldier,
a Trader and a Cherokee that was Prifoner with the
Indians made their Efcape & came Into the Fort.
This Day we were inform'd that the Indians had
taken all the Cannoes they cou'd get from the Inhab
itants but know not for what End.
10 The Wind E. to N. E. in the Morning, in the Af^
ternoon wefterly.
12 The Wind wefterly. Yefterday was held a Council
with the Miffifagues, and this Day another with the
fame. The

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 77
The Wind from W. to N. W., pretty freffi all Day. 1763.
The Wind Weft & a little to the North of Weft all ^^' '3-
Day & pretty freffi. ^~^
The Wind W. & N. W. with Snow In the Morn- ,5
ing. The Wind chang'd from one Point to another all '^
Day with now & then Snow.
The Wind S. & S. E. \l
The Wind Eafterly.
The Wind Eafterly. The Councils that has been 19
held thefe few Days paft has been attended with this
good Effed, that we have been able to get In fome
Wheat & fome little Flower, without which we ffiou'd
not have an Ounce of Flower In the Garrifon ten
Days paft, as the Men for upwards of feven Weeks
paft have had only five Pounds of Flower p"" Week, &
for the other two Pounds Half a Gallon of Wheat
each. This Day a Soldier fav'd himfelf by running off ^5
from a Chlbbawa who brought him to Cuefleres to fell.
This Morning Capt. Grant with a Party of 150 29
Men was fent to the Ifle au Couchon to cut Wood for
the Garrifon, the Commandant not choofing to let
more Time pafs In waiting for the Troops that he ex
peded fome Time ago.
Laft Night Mons. Dequendfe a Cadette ariv'd from 3°
the Illinois and was in Council with Pondlac and the
Chiefs of all the Nations here, and this Morning
brought a Letter to the Commandant from Mon'' Da-
neyon Commandant of the Illinois Country, with a
Speech which he fent addreff'd to all Indians with
three Belts of Wampum & four Pipes of Peace, which
he diftributed to the Nations as he came along. In
the Speech he let them know that Peace was made be
tween England & France & exhorted them to live in
Peace

78 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- Peace with us, telling them that fighting againft us at
Oft. Prefent was fighting againft them, and defiring them to
efteem their Brothers the French that remain'd amongft
us, as they wou'd never be abandoned by them. That
they chang'd their Situation as the King order'd, & that
they had given up thofe Parts of the Country that be
long'd to the King & not theirs, and defir'd an Anfwer
to his Speech telling them they ffiou'd allways receive
Succours from them at fuch & fuch Places. That their
Villages would be full of Amunition & Merchandize.
Upon which Pondiac fent In Word to the Command
ant that their Hatchet was burled & defir'd to have his
Anfwer in writing. To which the Commandant an
fwer'd that If he had begun the War it wou'd be In his
Power to end it ; but as it was him, he muft wait the
Pleafure of the General, to whome he wou'd write &
Inform him of his pacific Inclination in cafe he com
mitted no more Hoftilities. Pondlac then faid he
wou'd not commit any more & wou'd come when he
was fent for.
The News of the diffinitlve Treaty ariv'd at the
Illinois the 27 of September. In another Letter to
the Inhabitants ofthe Peace being concluded, hemark'd
five Places on the South Side of the Miffipi that any
ofthe Inhabitants might retire to that had an Inclina
tion where they wou'd receive all the Succour that was
in his Power to give them. From which one may
Imagine that If one word cou'd prevent all the Nations
from committing further Hoftilities it was in their
Power with a very few to do all they have done & that
they will always remain In their Intereft as long as they
have any Footing on the Continent from whence they
can fuccour them.
31 66 This Day Mr. Jadeau was in the Fort & In talk-
«« The following Extraft from a Letter of Wm. Edgar at Detroit, ing

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 79
ing with Major Gladwin about Provlfion, he told him '763-
that ever fince the Beginning of this Affair, the Inhab- ^__^
itants In his DIftrlct had receiv'd Orders to give Pon
diac a Buffiel of Peas or Wheat pr. Family, under Pain
of difobey'ng the greateft of Orders, & that when the
Indians were afk'd who gave them the Orders they faid
fometimes Mons. Cecotte & fometimes Baptlft Campo.
Once In particular one of the Inhabitants upon being
told that it was Cecotte that gave the Order tore It &
told him he did not mind the Order nor Cecotte and
then went away. The next Day the Indians came &
it was much as all the reft of the Inhabitants cou'd do
to prevent them from taking every thing he had in the
World & pulling down his Houfe.
The following Names are thofe People who went
from the Settlement & from his Diftrld within thefe
three Weeks without Leave :
Grenon, an Inhabitant.
Millehomme Do.
Brifar & his Family.
De Roen.
Jean Faies.
Des Cheine, Labourer, & one Lizott Do.
Three Days ago Aron went from the River Huron Nov. 10
on his way to Fort Pitt with Letters.
dated Nov'' 1 8', 1763, ftates the Ottawas who were the only Nation
Progrefs of pacific Overtures as then here difpofed for continuing the
underftood: War (all the reft having begged
" I have lately rec^ a Letter from Forgivenefs for what they have
Homlach, which came by an Ofiicer done of our worthy Commandant)
from Ilhnois, whq brought a Belt & are now with the others, fuing for
Letter to the Savages, with the Ac- Peace, in the moft abjeft Manner.
count of the Peace between England Mr. Prentice is very well at
& France which neither the Savages Sandufky, as is Mr. Winfton at St.
nor the French, here believed till Jofeph's, and from the prefent Dif-
now. In Confequence of which, pofition of the Savages I apprehend
our moft implacable Enemies, the they will foon bring them in."
This

8o Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763. This Day by the Returns from the Commiffary it
Nov. appear'd that we had upwards of 9000 weight of Flour
"""^ & Wheat equal to about 23000 more, which would
have been enough for to keep 250 Men here all the
Winter, as the Commandant had given over any
thoughts of Boats coming & Imagln'd the Veffel was
loft, as ffie had been gone from this upwards of thirty
Days. This Evening Mr. Jadeau came In with a Letter
from the Schooner dated at Ifle au Boifl3lond, informing
us that the Troops had left Niagara the 20th Odober.
Mr. Jadeau in Converfatlon happen'd to tell before
Mr. Duqulndfe that Pondiac had faid he was going
with 9 ofhis Men to the Illinois with him, & that he,
Pondiac, had been inform'd that Mr. Dequlndfe was
to take a good many French with him, which a little
ffiock'd Mr. Duqulndfe as he had given out that he
was to pafs by St. Jofephs.
1 1 At three o'Clock the Schooner ariv'd, in which came
Mr. Wille™ ofthe 80th, who brought us the difagree
able Acc't of a Party of about 70 Men being cut off at
the Carrying Place at Niagara by a large Body of In
dians, as alfo the lofs of moft of the Carriages & Bul
locks, which undoubtedly prevented the Army from
coming fo foon as they otherwife wou'd have done.®''
^"^ The Affair here alluded to, is ceptions the whole were killed, or
the Surprife and Maffacre at the driven off a frightful Precipice of
Devil's Hole, three Miles below a hundred and eighty feet. The
Niagara Falls and on the Road then Wagops and their Contents, with
r?ceptly conftrufted from Fort Nia- the ox Teams attached, were alfo
gara to Fort Schloffer. hurled down the Chafm. William
In September, twenty-five Wag- Stedman, the Contraftor, narrowly
ons loaded with Provifions and efcaped on horfeback, and a drum-
Supphes for Detroit, and efcorted mer Boy, named Matthews, was
by fifty Soldiers and their Officers, caught by his Belt in the Limbs of
were ambufcaded at this Point by a Tree, which brpke the Force of
Seneca Indians, and' with two ex- his Fall, and he fell in the River
This

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
This Morning two Indians ariv'd from Point au
Pain, with a Letter one Half wrote In Erfe & the
other In Engliffi, from Major Montcrlfe, giving an
Account of the Batteau being eaft away the feventh
Inftant at the Highlands beyond the faid Point, where
they loft 20 Boats & 50 Barrels of Provifions, with
two Officers and a Surgeon drown'd, as alfo 70 Men,

near die Shore. He hved many
Years afterwards near Queenfton.
The following Letters, addreffed
to Sir William Johnfon, relate to
thefe Events on the Niagara Fron
tier: NiAG.^RA, Oftober 17th, 1763.
Sir : I have acquainted you of
the fad Ufage of the Savages to the
Detachment of our Forces that
turned out at lower Landing fome^
time paft, where the Officers and
Men were almoft totally deftroyed
by them together with the King's
working Catde. Our Endeavor
fince in tranfporting Provifions to
htde Niagara, intended for Detroit,
has been fafely hurried on without
their offering to difturb the Troops,
but a few Days ago they killed a
Man on the Race that dropped be
hind and fcalped him. There are
four Men more of the Flankers
miffed, all this without the Noife of
a Gun. The Man that was fcalped
was between StarUngs Houfe and
the Fort. They gave one fire at
the Troops, Fort, or in the Air,
uncertain, none being hurt or any
Damage done. I have no more to
acquaint you of but conclude Sir,
Your moft ob' Serv*,
De Couagne.
I forgot there were fome Catde fent
12

here from Ontario fince which we
had up at Work and now they are
all taken, ftole by the Savages or
ftraying in the Woods.
Niagara, Nov"^ nth, 1763.
Honb'^ Sirs :
My laft to you was to acquaint
you of Daniel, &c., which I hope
came fafe to your Hands, fince
which a fmall Party went out from
the Lower Landing to cut Wood,
when a Body of Indians furrounded
them & killd & fcalped nine, one of
which had his Head cut off within
Sight of that Poft, it is fuppofed
that the Indian who did this Murder
was wounded from the Fort, as he
was feen go off lame with the Head
in his Hand, all which happen'd
on the fifth Inftant.
I am in hopes of a Line from
you the firft Oppertunity wherein
ftiould be glad to know how Af
fairs go down the Country, I mean
in regard to the Indians, Sec.
I am Sir
Your obd* Hum'^ Ser.
De Couagne.
P. S. Sir here is two Sifters of
Silver Heells at this Place who would
be glad to know where he is. One
of them is the lame one, the other
is the young one. Neither of them
dare go to the Caftle. &

82 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- & that all their Amunition, even the Mens Cartridges,
Nov. ^gj.g ^gj^ gj ^j^^j. j-j^gy j^^j wifely (not knowing our
Circumftances) take na Refolution to turn back to
Niagara. But from the Steps Major Gladwin had
taken fome Time before he was In a Situation to keep
a tolerable Garrifon herewith Provlfion till the Month
of May, & was in a good way of getting in enough till
the Month of July, tho at the Expenee of llftening to
the Demands of Peace the Indians had fome Time
before made, which notwithftanding he did not grant
them. But put them off by telling them they muft
wait the Generals Pleafure, &c., as will appear from
the Councils he held commencing about the Middle
of Odober.
Dec. 5. This Day two Mohawks went from this by Land to
Niagara with Letters ; they came from Sandufky to
this Place, having come with a Pafs from Sir William
Johnfton when the Schooner was attack'd.
7 This Day Andrew the Huron got 6000 of Wampam
& a good deal of Vermillion for the Voyage he made
laft to Fort Pitt. The Reafon he took fo much of
thefe Commodltys was (as he f'^) to fend the young
Men of Sandufky to War againft the Cherokees.
Mr. Jadeau told Major Gladwin that Lafontalne, an
Inhabitant near his Houfe, told the People that the
Peace was not yet made, and that the Army was only
come to fave the 200 Men who departed from hence
under the Command of Major Rogers to reinforce the
Garrifon at Quebec, he likewife took the Oppertunity
of robbing the Merchants Batteaux that were brought
in by the Indians when they were Drunk. He declar'd
before Mon. Legrand that he had no more than 17
Yards of Chapmans Linnen, but Mr. Jadeau has found
that he had 69 Yards. He broke open fome Cafes
and ftole a Box with filver Trinkets which the Indians
afterwards got from him. Prud'homme

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 83
Prud'homme Sen"" Is a dangerous Man & animates '763-
the Savages. He underftands their Language & told '^'
them not to go off, for If they did the Engliffi wou'd
hang the French, and as for Provlfion they (the Sav
ages) ffiould never want.
Michael Campeau told the Indians of two Barrels
of Powder that were hid in Mr. Jadeaux Houfe, he
likewife animated the Indians very much. Buxton, an
Ottawa Chief lodg'd in his Houfe.
S' Louis, an Officer of the Militia on the South
Side of the River, faid, when Mr. Jadeau was In
Council with the Hurons, engaging them not to ftrike
againft the Engliffi, and gave them three Days to con-
fider of it. What ! faid S' Louis, four Days ? It muft
be refolv'd Immediately ; ffiall we let our Throats be
cut for the Sake of the Engliffi ? which fignified, fays
Mr. Jadeau, that they ffiou'd rather ftrike againft the
Engliffi than have the ill will ofthe Savages. He alfo
faid it wou'd be a luckier thing for them to be with
the Indians than the Engliffi. Another Time he
told the Informer that he did not know what Domin
ion he was under.
This Day MIndoghquay (a Chief of the Sagginaws 12
who was In the Fort the 16 June & aflc'd the Com
mandants Friendffiip, &c. as he had not enter'd into
the War) ariv'd here with three Prifoners of the 60
Reg' & one Sailor who was brought from the Chibba-
was by one Beaulieu, and demanded the Continuation
of the Commandants Friendffiip as he had promif'd
in the Summer and gave him a Pipe of Peace & feveral
large Belts. He was very well rec*! by the Command
ant, as he had obey'd all his Orders from the firft Time
he came Into the Fort, retiring with his People and
not committing HoftlUitles as others did.
Laft Night one Mackoy ariv'd here, having made ^2
his

84 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- his Efcape from the Puttawattamees about fifteen
^^'^- Ligues from this.
'""' This Day Mr. Cicotte came to the Fort & told the
Commandant that the Puttawamees intended to have
brought the Man in that made his Efcape two or three
Days ago, and that they Intended to come in hoping
he wou'd pity them.
25 This Day Mr. Marfac Inform'd us that he was afur'd
that there was four or five of the Puttawattamys of
Nalntaws Family that Intended to come and take a
Scalp if poffible, & defir'd the Commandant wou'd not
let any body go out of the Fort, as fome of the
Merchants had ftraggled out In the Country fome
Days before.
^7 This Day a Mohawk with one David Vanderhlden
ariv'd Exprefs from Niagara, which they left two Days
after the Arlval of Major Rogers, who was only fix
Days In going from the Detroit River to the Niagara.
31 This Day fix Indians (originally ofthe SaquI®^ Na
tion) but at prefent of the Puttawattame came in
with a Prifoner, & told the Commandant that they came
In Hopes of receiving Mercy. That If they pretended
entirely to excufe themfelves from being concern'd in
the late War they wou'd lye, but that did not fignify,
tho' they were living amongft the Puttawattamys they
were not of that Nation, nor like them. That what
offence they committed was through fear, as they had
been oblig'd to afk liberty to live amongft them, hav
ing been obllg'd anciently to fly from other Nations,
who had this Summer made War againft their Bro
thers. That they knew their Brothers the Putts had lied,
& even come & fpoke to their Brother & the fame
Day fir'd againft his Fort, but begg'd he wou'd not
«8 Sacs. think

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 85
think that they had an Inclination to do the fame, but 1763-
that they fpoke from their Hearts, & came to offer '^^'^'
one of his Fleffi which had fallen to them by Lot, &
to demand Mercy. That their Familys were ftarving.
That they cou'd not come into the Fort In the Sum
mer as the Fort was every Day on fire. That in fine
they beg'd that they might live in the fame Friendffiip
with their Brother that they had done when he took
Poffeffion of the Country. That they hop'd, nor
they wou'd not return Home ffiamefully, fuppofe their
Brothers did not llften to them, as what they did was
their Duty & which they wou'd have done before but
had not an Oppertunity. That notwithftanding they
were Orphans & had no Chiefs, & knew that the other
Indians wou'd laugh at them, & afk'd them how their
Brother v&c^ them at his Fort, they wou'd not be
affiam'd as It was their Duty they were doing, but
neverthelefs expeded their Brother wou'd take them in
Compaffion. The Prifoner being afk'd if he knew of their going
from Home during the Summer faid they always ftay'd
upon their Land the whole Time, except the two that
was at Prefq Ifle where he was taken, & they never
went abroad to War after he came amongft them, but
once in the Summer came as far as Mr. Gamellns with
him to give him up, & the other Nations told them
not to go to the Fort as they wou'd be kill'd. 1764.
This Day Baby & Theata with four or five more of J*"- '°-
their Relations came in to wiffi the Commandant a
happy new Year, as is their Cuftom, whom he rec"^ very
well. This Day fome of the Puttawattamys came to the u
Settlement & fent In Word by Mr. Cicotte that they
wanted to come & fee their Brother the Command' but
Mr. Cecotte was told that the Command' had nothing to

86 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764. to fay to them & they wou'd do much better to ftay
J^"' at their hunting Ground.
7^ This Day \^nderhiden & Jacob the Mohawk left
this for Niagara with Letters.
13 This Day one ofthe Chibbaways came to the Settle
ment & fent for Mr. Labute to defire him to aflc the
Commandant leave to come in & fee him, which Mr.
Labute Inform'd him of, but the Commandant told
Mr. Labute not to make him any Anfwer, but let him,
the Indian, return as he faid he Intended to do the
next Morning.
14 This Day the Huron Chiefs (Baby, Theata & the
Dodors Son) went to fee the Command' before they
went away, & after talking of the Beginning of this
Indian War, &c., Mr. St. Martin faid it was fure that
it took its rife from the Belts that paff'd amongft the
Indians two Years ago, & that it was commenc'd in
Confequence of the Succours that the Indians were
made to believe they might exped from the Illinois.
That one Sibbold that came here laft Winter with his
Wife from the Illinois, had told at Mr. Cuellierrey's
that they might exped a French Army In this Spring,
& that, that Report took rife from him. That the
Day Capt. Campbelle & Lt. McDougal was detain'd
by the Indians, Mr. Cuelllerry accepted of their Offer
of being made Commandant, if this Place was taken,
to which he fpoke to Mr. Cuelllerry about and aflc'd
him If he knew what he was doing, to which Mr.
Cuelllerry told him I am almoft diftraded, they are
iike fo many Dogs about me, to which Mr. St. Martin
made him no Anfwer.
20 This Day two MIchilimackinac Chiefs came in to
fee the Commandant, with one or two Waffitlnon
Chiefs from the Grand River who were here In the
Beginning of the Summer about fifteen Days, but went away

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 87
away. They brought In a Prifonner that was given to 1764.
them by the Ottawas. Feb.
This Day Wabagommlgot, a Chief of the Toronto ^"^
Indians who came In laft Fall, return'd and afk'd a
Certificate which the Commandant at that time pro
mif'd him ofhis Behavior, which he gave him.
This Day fome ofthe Saky's came In with the other 14
Prifoner they promif'd to bring In the laft Time they
were in the Fort.
This Evening Aron the Mohawk ariv'd from Fort
Pitt with Letters from the General.
This Day fome ofthe Ottawas of the Grand Rivlerre 20
ariv'd with a Prifoner whom they bought from fome
other Indians.
This Morning the Gunner going his Rounds found '^^ '^
a Brand's end that had been fet up againft the Maga
zine Door the Night before, which appear'd to have
been on fire but was gone out.
This Day a Cow belonging to one Moran came in 14
from the Woods with ten Arrows ftlcking in her,
which were fuppof 'd to be ffiot by fome Party of In
dians that was lying about the Fort.
This Day two or three Frenchmen faw a fmall Party ig
of Indians back of the Fort going loaded with Meat,
which muft be the Cattle that was kill'd & miffing for
two or three Days paft.
There has been a Party of Puttawattamys in the
Settlement every Night fince the 15th Inftant.
This Day the Commanding Officer was Inform'd 21
that one MIntiwaby, an Ottawa Chief of the Grand
River, was to come in under a Pretence of Trade &
endeavour to furprize him & put all the Officers to
Death. M. Informer.
This Day two Saky's came In and inform'd the 23
Commandant that the Chibbaways of the Ifles about
Michlllniacklnac

88 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764. Michlllmackinac had fent Belts this Winter to their
March. Nation, to the Folavin & Puante, to ftrike againft us
""^ this Spring, but they wou'd not receive them. That
Waffong & Maffioqulfe had tried to prevent that Party
from coming from towards St. Jofeph that was here
fome Time ago, but they wou'd not be advif 'd, they
faid they had loft a Man laft Year & they wou'd have
Revenge. That if they had known It fooner they
wou'd have advif'd us of It before they arriv'd, but
they [knew] nothing of It till they were gone.
That the Delawares & Shawanys had fent Belts
during the Winter towards St. Jofeph & La Bay to
invite the Nations thereabout to take up Arms againft
us in the Spring.
27 This Day France Ruiard fet off with two other
Frenchmen Exprefs to Niagara.
29 This Day. the Commandant being inform'd that
there was thirteen Indians in the Woods behind the
Settlement, who were come to make War, fent out a
Party commanded by Lt. M'Dougal of twenty Men
to try to fall upon them by furprize ; they fet off a
little after Dark & went through the Fields guided by
a Frenchman to the Place where their Fire had been
feen, but not finding them there, they return'd towards
a Houfe that they had been at the Night before, &
fell in with them on their way, but the Indians finding
they were difcover'd run off, after receiving the Fire of
the moft of the Party, but It was fo dark that they
cou'd not fee to ajuft their Firelocks & don't know
whether they kill'd any or no.
30 This Day an Indian was feen at the Edge of the
Woods behind the Fort.
April 12 This Morning at ten o'Clock the Schooner fail'd
for Niagara, in which were fent the two French Pri
foners, as the Commandant was inform'd that the In
dians

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 89
dians had faid they ffiou'd not long be Prifoners, and "764-
as it was Imagln'd If any thing was intended by them, '^^•
it was through the Influence of the Friends of thefe two.
Laft Night at about 8 o'Clock [a] Prifoner came In 15
from Sagglnaw who reported that the Day before he
came away the Indians kill'd and eat a young Girl they
had Prifoner & that he was to been kill'd that Day
himfelf, but they fent him out to bring in fome Wood
& he run off; he was eight Days a coming, but when
he was aflc'd If he was hungry he faid no, that for the
firft two or three Days he was fainty, but fince he found
no great alteration though he had not eat a mouthfull
of any thing the whole eight Days.
This Day Andrew a Huron & two others from 27
Sandufky brought in one Mr. Prentice whom they
had Prifoner fince laft May. They told the Com
mandant they were not fent by any Chief, but as he
(the one that fpoke) looked upon Mr. Prentice as his
real Brother, he told him In the Winter he wou'd
bring him In, for he chofe to fee him content at this
Place than difcontent with him, which was the Reafon
he brought him In. But he imagined that Mr. Pren
tice cou'd have other no Reafon for leaving them, than
becaufe he cou'd not get Bread amongft them.
Mr. Prentice faid that he never wanted for any thing
they had during the whole Winter, & notwithftanding
this Man never got any of the Plunder that the In
dians took from him when they made him Prifoner,
he gave him two Packs of Beaver & twenty Dollars
when he gave him up.
This Day a four in the Afternoon the Commandant 28
thought he heard a Cannon down the River & fir'd
another. This Morning at Half paft four Mr. Jadeau ariv'd 29
from the Veffel with Letters and Inform'd us that they
13 fir'd

go Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764. fir'd a Gun from the Veffel about the Time the Com-
Apnl- mandant thought he heard one.
^~^ This Afternoon eight Huron Chiefs & two or three
young Men came to fpeak to the Commandant.
Theata fpeaks :
My Brother, we beg you may take Pity upon us &
hear us, that the Words we now fay may be as a Car
pet for your Succeffor to walk upon.
Brother, we beg you to have Pity upon us and be
affured ofour good Intentions, as we have moft faith
fully repented of all the 111 we may have done, & do
fincerely promife never to be guilty of any bad Thing
for the Future, having thrown ourfelves Into the
Hands of God, if any Evil happens to us it muft be
from him, as you may be perfuaded let the Earth turn
how it will, we ffiall never be advif'd to a bad Thing
again. This, Brother, we beg you will Inform the General
of the firft Oppertunity. Gave a large white Belt.
Another Chief got up with a firing of Wampum and
faid :
Brother, ever fince the Engliffi have had Poffeffion
of this Place we have been uf'd very tenderly, agreea
ble to the Promife you made us when you firft came
here, for which Reafon we hope our Brother will grant
us the fmall favour we are going to afk.
Brother, as Wood & Bark is very unhandy to us at
our old Village we hope you will give us leave to make
a new one up a fmall Creek near the Bottom of the Set
tlement, where every thing will be more convenient.
Granted. Brother, when you firft came here you told us you
had conquer'd our Father & fent him over the Great
Lake, & that all that then belong'd to him was yours,
but that we ffiou'd remain in our former Poffeffions and

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 91
and be allowed the Jefuift, and now as we are going to '7^4-
alter our Village we hope you will not prevent him ^^y'
going with us. Gave a ftring of Wampum.
Granted by the Commandant.
This Evening four Indians fent by Sir William 6
Johnfton ariv'd here with a Speech to the Nations
hereabout. This Day we were inform'd by Mr. Jadeau that one 8
Rainbeau & his Family with one L'efperence went off
to the Illinois.
This Morning at Half paft fix the Schooner fail'd 15
for Niagara, in which went Peter & the three other
Indians that came here with a Speech from Sir William
Johnfon. This Afternoon fome of the Saky's came in and in
form'd us that one Lageffe and four other Puttawatta
mees were fome where in the Woods near the Fort,
and intended to try to take a Scalp.
This Morning the Schooner anchor'd off the Fort June 2.
after having been kept at the Mouth of the River
three Days with contrary Winds.
This Morning a Band of Chippawas who were at
the Grofs Point dividing themfelves amongft the In
habitants, aflc'd at feveral Places for Provlfion, &c.,
one of them being refuf 'd a Cock by a Farmer had a
DIfpute with him, & becaufe he wou'd not let him
have It fir'd at him and ffiot him through the Body.
This Day the Band of Chippewas who fir'd at the 3
Frenchman headed by a Chief they call'd the Great
Spoon, came with a Belt & Pipe to Mr. Marfack, tell
ing him they were very forry for what they had done,
which Belt & Pipe he brought to the Commandant
next Day with a Prifoner they had fold him who was
taken at Prefq' Ifle. The Man they fir'd at died of
his Wounds laft Night. They

92 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764- They then fent in a Frenchman to tell the Command-
J^ ant they had always been Fools, but that their Senfes
were now come to them and beg'd he might receive
them, to which he fent them Word that when they re
turn'd the Goods that Mr. Marfac gave them for the
Prifoner & brought In the reft as they had promif'd
the Fall before, he wou'd fee them, but not till then.
'^ Being his Majefties Birthday, the Garrifon was
under Arms at i o'Clock & fir'd three Volleys with
three Difcharges of the Cannon In the Fort & one of
thofe in the Schooner ; after which His Majefties
Health was drunk upon the Parade by all the Officers
& feveral Frenchmen who were afk'd there by the
Commandant who afterwards "din'd & fup'd with all
the Officers of the Garrifon together. At nine at
Night almoft the whole Town was eluminated.
^ Mr. Marfack after going to the Priefts came in
hafte to the Commandant to tell him that the Indians
had return'd him his Merchandife that he had given
for the Prifoner two or three Days before, & wanted
to come in. To which the Commandant fent the fame
Anfwer as he had done two or three Days before, that
when they brought in all the reft of the Prifoners &
their Chiefs came in a proper Manner, he wou'd re
ceive them.
7 This Morning Mr. Marfack came in and Inform'd
the Commandant that there was a fmall Band of Chip
pawas from beyond Saggina to come In, who came with
a Belt & Pipe of Peace, and after they had fmok'd &
told the Commandant they were come to open a new
Road between him & their Nation, as the old one had
been ffiut up for fome Time ; he enquir'd what they
were & who fent them, & found that they were from
the fame Place &c Village with thofe that fold the Pri
foner to Marfack a few Days before, and had no Au
thority

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 93
thority for coming nor had no Chief with them, but 1764-
they were Part of a Party that came to the Settlement -J""^"
about feven or eight Days before, confifting of forty
Men, who told the Inhabitants they did not come to
make Peace but to make War. All which they could
not deny. The Commandant then took a String &
Wampum & told them to take that to their Chiefs &
tell them when they brought in the other Prifoner they
had in Poffeffion & came & afk'd Peace in a proper
Manner he wou'd hear them, and until then one of
them muft ftay with him, as perhaps they might to fell
the reft, & at the fame Time told them to tell their
Chiefs if any thing happen'd to his People amongft
them, he knew what to do with thofe he had. When
they saw this a fecond offer'd to ftay to keep the firft
one Company ; he is a Son of
The Coll. then afk'd them if he had three or four of
his Nation Prifoners, & wou'd fend two or three of his
People to their Village wheather they would not keep
them, to which they faid they wou'd. Then faid he
you wou'd undoubtedly think me a Fool to let you all
go when you have Prifoners of mine. They then f 'd
perhaps it wou'd be hard for them to get thofe Prifon
ers, as they did not belong to their Relations. Yes,
but faid the Commandant, if they have an inclination
for Peace as you told me a few Minutes ago, they will
bring them in without any Difficulty. They then f'd
they were a little Band of fix or feven, every one for
himfelf; then {^ the Interpreter how came you here to
make a new Road for the whole Nation and fight in
alliance with them all laft Summer ; to which they
hung their Heads & cou'd not fay any thing.
This Day the Schooner fail'd with a head Wind for '°
Niagara and got below the Hurons Point.
This Day the Schooner return'd the Wind being '•
freffi

p4 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764. freffi ahead, and as Teata the Indian Chief ariv'd at
June, ^i^gjj. Village with Aron & two other Mohawks who
""^ came into the Fort and gave the following Intelligence
annex'd in two Sheets of Paper :
Detroit, June 9"^ 1764.
This Day a fmall Party of Puttawattamees ariv'd
here who Inform'd, that an Indian was come from the
Illinois to St. Jofephs who inform'd them that he was
in Council with Pondiac there.
That Mr. Deneyon told him he was glad to fee him
& hoped that his Senfes were come to him.
Pondlac then took a large Belt and laid it before
him faying, my Father the Reafon of my Journey is
to get you and all your Allies to joyn with me to go
againft the Engliffi, upon which Deneyon took the
the Belt & told him, your Speech much furprlzes me,
as I doubt not but you have receiv'd my Meffage
wherein I inform'd you that the French and Engliffi
were but one, then return'd the Belt. Pondlac took
the Belt again and importun'd Mr. Deneyon on the
fame Subjed. At laft Mr. Deneyon grew angry &
kick'd it from him, aflcing him if he had not already
heard what he f'd to him. He then addreff'd himfelf
to the Illinois Indians & told them they faw him that
Day in the Fort, but perhaps they wou'd fee their
Brothers the Engliffi the next, and exhorted them to
live in amity with them, which he made no doubt of
as their Sentiments were very good.
Pondiac then afk'd for Rum & Deneyon gave him
a fmall Barrel, which he took to one of the Illinois
Villages & with a red Belt exhorted them to fing the
War Song with him, which fome of them did, but
were forry for It when they were Sober. The Indian
that brought this Account fays that before he left the
Illinois he faw three Engliffi Officers who were fent on
before.

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 95
before, the Army being but a little way behind with a 1764-
large Body of Indians. •'""'^"
Detroit, June 10"* 1764.
This Day Teata a Wlandott Chief ariv'd here from
Sandufky, where he had been to carry Sir William
Johnfon's Speech, who fays that after he dellver'd It
and left it to their deliberation, the great Chief Bigg
Jaco got up and thank'd him for the Trouble he
had been at to bring It, and Immediately the whole
went out. After he had dellver'd the Speech he fays
he advif'd them to come to their Senfes, but in cafe
they did not it was their Affair. Aron fays they made
great Game of Teata on faying fo to them.
Four Days after, they came back and afk'd Teata to
come and hear what they had to fay In Anfwer. The
firft Belt they gave him was a Repetition of Sir Wil
liams Speech. Then they took another faying. Sir
William afks the Reafon why we ftruck againft the
Engliffi, we think he ought to know better than any
body ; yes, faid they, it is Sir William that ought to
know, but fince the Senecas have made Peace with him
& the Engliffi, tell him it was them that firft embroll'd
the Earth, & were the firft Caufe of what has been
done. Gave the Belt.
They then took another Belt & faid. Sir William &
the Six Nations want that we ffiould own our Folly &
find words to excufe ourfelves that we may be again fet
right. You'll tell him by this Belt, which you are
charg'd to deliver to him, that for what Is paft, its paft,
that we have yet done no Harm fince laft Summer, we
have kept our young Men quiet, for which Reafon we
think the Breach may be eafily mended ; and tell him
alfo we ffiall keep them quiet this Summer, when we
think we ffiall be reconcll'd.
The two Mohawks who are come with Teata, fay
that

96 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764- that they were told by the Hurons of Sanduflcy, that
June, ^i^gy wou'd not tell Teata the Refultof a Council they
"'~' had had with the Shawanles, which was that they were
to try to take Fort Pitt by Treachery, & if they fail'd
there were to go ag' the Inhabitants on the Frontiers.
That the Onondagoes that Sir William fent againft the
Shawanles came to one of their Villages, where they
were afk'd what they came for, they faid we come to
fcalp you ; then one Kayoughffioutong faid here, take
thefe, giving them two old Scalps that he had newly
painted, go home & tell Sir William you have fcalp'd
fome Shawanles. Upon which they return'd ; that the
above mentioned Indian was the Caufe of their not
ftriking againft the Shawanles. But it was not fo with
the Tufcroras, for they loft three Men.
One of them further fays that before he left the
Delaware Towns he faw thirty fmall Partys go out who
were all Intended to go to our Frontiers. They both
fay, alfo, that the Hurons at Sandufky laugh'dat Teata
behind his Back, & call'd him'a Fool for believing
what Sir William fayd and bringing fuch a Meffage.
That tho' he faid they wou'd be Friends, it can never
be until all the Engliffi, except Traders go from this
Place, meaning Detroit, & then we believe we ffiall
agree. That their God tells them they muft make
War & Peace for feven Years, at the End of which by
force of Treachery during that Time, all the Englifh
will be drove away & then they will have Peace and
not till then.
That the Delawares & Shawanles and Hurons of
Sandufky all fay the Engliffi are Fools, that they can
make Friends with us when they pleafe, and next
Day tomahawk us. That the Engliffi allways told
them they had as many Men as there was Leaves on
the Trees, but wee look upon one Indian as good as a
thoufand

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 97
of them, and notwithftanding we are but Mice In com- 1764-
parifon to them, we will bite as much as they can. J""^'
The two Mohawks father fays that the Hurons at
Sanduflcy told them they were very forry that Sir
William was coming here, as they imagln'd by that he
wanted to leave his Bones here.
They alfo fay that while they were at the Shawanle
Village the French from the Miffiffippi fent them a
Prefent of Powder, of which he faw three Barrels.
Mr. St. Martin, Interpreter, told Coll. Gladwin that
Hurons of this Place told him many Times that if
a Peace was made with the Delawares, Shawanles &
Hurons of Sandufky, that it would not be good, nor
lafting. The Schooner fail'd at about four In the Afternoon, '2
and run out of Sight from the Fort before dark.
This Day Teata & feveral Hurons came to the Fort 13
& afk'd the Commandant If they might not go once
more to the Hurons of Sandufky, as perhaps tho' their
Ears had always been ftop'd till now yet they might be
open at prefent.
The Commandant told them they might do as they
pleaf'd, that he had fent their Anfwer to Sir William
Johnfon with their Belts, that it was not intended to
force a Peace down the Throats of the Indians, nor
was it intended for any but thofe who had fincerely
repented of what they had done, & was realy refolv'd
to remain our Friends for the Future. That In his
opinion they ought not to go, as they only laugh'd at
the Meffage taken by Teata, & him for carrying it.
This Day a Huron promif'd to fet off with his 14
little Band of about twelve to bring in fome Delaware
or Shawany Scalps.
This Day Wabagommlgot came in with fome Chip- '5
pawas & two Prifoners & after repeating a good deal
14 of

98 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- of what paff'd In Council laft Fall, faid that as the
J""*^- Commandant had defir'd him feveral Times go to his
old Village & to fee him yet here, would perhaps make
him think that he had no Intention to do what he had
order'd him, but the Reafon was, that he had been
trying to get all the Prifoners that was among his
Nation & to gather his Band together, which he had
now almoft affed'd ; he did not fpeak for the whole
Nation, but for thofe who were with him who had
heartily repented of what they had done & hop'd to be
receiv'd as he himfelf was. That there were fome
whom he advertlfed of what he (the Commandant) had
told him with regard to their quick Repentance & of
the Council that was to be held at Niagara, but fince
they did not come In It was their Affair. He then
afk'd for the two Prifoners, faying It was nothing, but
this War, that fepperated him from the reft of the
Nation, who were neverthelefs part of his Body, for
which Reafon hop'd they wou'd be given up, as he then
wip'd away all the Blood that had been fpilt with the
two Prifoners he brought in. That he hop'd in going
home to his old Village he might not hear it faid that
things went ill at the Detroit becaufe Wablgommigot
was refuf d thatFavour. That fince the Malefadors he
then fpoke for (meaning People he had with him)
were come to their Senfes, & heartily repented of what
they had done, & as they were fet on by the Six Na
tions, hop'd they wou'd be forgiven & no more
thought of It.
The Commandant then aflc'd him If he came In the
Name of the whole Nation, he f'd no, but in Part.
Then f'd he If you'l take my Advice you'l go to
Niagara before the Council is over & make Peace for
yourfelf & Band ; you have no Time to lofe as It will
be over in twelve Days. And as to the Prifoners I
ffiall

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 99
ffiall keep them till I get all mine In, as they belong 1764.
to a Band that has not as yet aflc'd for Peace nor J""=-
brought In all my fleffi. As to what he (WabblgomI- ""^
got) might hear of things going 111 here, nothing
cou'd go 111 with us, but if any body did any thing that
they ought not to do. It wou'd be them that wou'd
fuffer ; that we were out of their Power. He then
repeated to him that It was neceffary he ffiou'd be at
Niagara at the Council, for which Purpofe he wou'd
give me a Receipt, that he had dellver'd two Prifoners,
&c. ; that the Time was ffiort & the fooner he went off
the better.
The Frenchman that danc'd the War Dance at San
dufky this Spring with the Indians Is named Thefault.
This Day Mindockquay came in with about 70 of ^i
his People & about thirty Chibbaways who brought in
two Prifoners, being the laft they had amongft them,
for whom the Commandant gave them the two Indians
he detain'd fome Time ago.
The Puttawattamefs after all the Promifes did not
go to Niagara, nor Wabblgomigot neither.
This Day the Schooner VIdory return'd from Nia- 28
gara with another new Schooner, the Bofton.
This Evening at about ten o'Clock one Reaume, a J"'7 '¦
Frenchman, ariv'd from Michlllmackinac with 18
Cannoes of Savages who came from the Bay the 3d
June to go to Montreal, but when they ariv'd at
MIchilimackinac they were inform'd that ten Cannoes
that were going there and an Exprefs with a Belt in
forming them that they ffiou'd go to Niagara where
they wou'd meet a great Engliffi Chief, upon which
they took their Route this way, & feveral Cannoes
from the Nations thereabouts went acrofs Lake Huron
by way of Lake Ontario. They brought four Engliffi- men

I oo Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764- men with them with all their Packs, who had beer
J^'y- amongft them fince laft Spring was a Year.
'"T" This Day fome of greateft of the Huron Chiefs o
Sanduflcy came In with five Prifoners to throw them
felves at the Commandants Feet, as they faid, and aftei
telling him that what they had done was In confequenct
of what Meffages and Lyes the Ottawas fent them, falc
that If he wou'd have pity on them, he wou'd fee the)
were fincere, as his Will was theirs.
The Commandant told. them the only way they hac
to get a Peace, and If they did not benefit of what he
faid, it was their Affair. He gave them a Certificate
that they had dellver'd five Prifoner and that the)
had afk'd for Peace, which they faid they wou'd take tc
Niagara with all the reft of the Prifoners they hac
amongft them.
This Afternoon the Michilimackinack Chiefs &
FoUe Avoines came in told the Commandant thej
came to take him by the Hand & let him know the)
were glad to fee him, & wou'd come to morrow tc
fpeake to him.
4 This Morning the above Indians came in to th(
Amount of fifty & told the Commandant that they
the Renards, the Sleus, the Saky's, Puants & Plans
were one Body & one Heart, and that, that Heart wa;
as well Intentioned as it had always been ; that he'knev
himfelf from their Behavior laft Year, that their & our:
cou'd be but one ; that they were invited by thi
General laft Year to come to Montreal this Spring
but that when they were affembled at Michillmacinai
they received a Belt from him, telling them that h(
ftop'd up the Paffage that way as the Small Pox wa
amongft his People which they might catch & earn
Home to the Deftrudlon of their WIfes & Children
but if they wou'd go to Niagara they wou'd find al
the^

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. i o i
they were in need of, for which Reafon they beg'd the «764-
Rivers & Lakes might be open to them as ufual, •'"')'•
ffiewing the Belt they receiv'd. '"'"^
This Day fome ofthe Hurons of this Village came 5
in with the Chiefs of Hurons of Sanduflcy who were
in the Day before yefterday & brought with them
fome Hurons that ariv'd the Day before to join their
old Village & brought in five Prifoners, whom they
faid they wou'd not have brought In till their Chiefs
return'd from Niagara,^^ had it not been to encourage
thofe of Sandufky to do the fame, as the Commandant
knew he was always fure of them, but neverthelefs, tho
they had, had fome of them fince they fuck'd, yet that
the Chiefs from Sandufky might be witnefs of their
good Intentions they brought them in fooner than they
promif'd. The Huron that went to ftrike againft the Dela
wares & Shawanles return'd this day without doing any
thing. This Day Mr. Jadeau In repeating to the Com- 7
mandant fomethings that had paff'd between him and
one Clermont (who had been fent with a Letter to the
Illinois, but went no further than where the Ottawas are
in the Miamee River) faid that Clermont told him,
you do very well in ferving the Engliffi, but I have
my Reafons for what I do, and you will foon be obllg'd
to fave yourfelf in the Fort. Another thing faid he
I'll tell you that you don't know, the Engliffi are all
*® Thefe Chiefs had gone to Ni- utmoft to preferve His Britannic
agara to hold a Treaty with Sir Majefty's Interefts and promote
Wilham Johnfon. The Treaty was Peace among the weftern Tribes.
figned July 1 8, 1 764, and bound They were promifed Pardon for all
the Hurons to deUver up all Prifon- paft Mifdeeds, and a free, fair and
ers, Deferters and Negroes or other open Privilege of Trade. — N. Y.
Slaves among them; to maintain a Col. Hift., vii, 650.
friendly Alliance and to do their defeated

102 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764- defeated in the Miffiffippi and there will be fourteen
'"'>'• hundred Men foon here, and all the Indians that are
""^ going to Niagara have agreed with the Ottawas to re
turn with the Army, & the Ottawas are to meet them
on the Lake & try to deftroy them. That Merchan
dize & Powder was in the greateft plenty at the Mia
mee River.
That one Borgard who came from St. Jofephs
brought them a Barrel of Powder & fome Corn, Flour,
&c. That there was one Cllnclncourt a French Officer,
who was fent by Mr. Deneyon with Letters for the
Commandant here, was ftop'd by the Ottawas, where
they keep him, neither giving him Liberty to return
nor come forward.
This Afternoon a Saggina Indian who had been fent
by his Brother, as he faid, to the Mlamee River to
fee what paff'd came In and inform'd that while he
was there a French Officer ariv'd there from the Illinois
who was coming here with Letters, but the Ottawas
ftop'd him & took his Letters from him, and fent for
Cufieres Son to read them. After which one of the
Ottawa Chiefs told him that Cueffiere had told them
that it was a Letter from their Father the French King,
who defir'd his Brothers the Engliffi to make hafte &
go away from this Place, for he was coming In a great
Body & had a great many of his Children with him,
whofe Inclination he was not Mafter of, & wou'd not
anfwer for what harm they might do. The Officer they
keep there & will neither let him go back or forward.
10 This Day Part of the four following Nations ariv'd
here, the Saky's, the Renards, the Puants, and the
Saulteux of Lake Superior, fome of whom came from
the Forks ofthe Miffiffippi (and from all Appearance,
and what they faid) they came In Expedatlon of get
ting Rum. They were upwards of two Months a
coming ;

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 103
coming; they brought upwards of fixty Packs of i764-
Beaver. Ju'y-
This Day at 2 o'Clock the two Schooners left this "TT'
for the eaft End of Lake Erie.
This Day Mr. Clinencourt ariv'd from the Mlamee, 13
who had been detain'd by the Ottawas.
This Day at about 4 o'Clock In the Afternoon the 14
Schooner Gladwin ariv'd from Niagara.
This Day Waffong, a Chief of the Chibbaways came 21
in with a Prifoner that he had promif'd to bring In,
In the Winter, but who had got Froft bit and was not
able to come. After telling that he was not concern'd
in the Beginning of the Infurredion and afking Pardon
In a moft fubmiffive Manner faid : he did not pre
tend to excufe himfelf, that as he had told Mr. LaBute
in the Spring he would behave as a Dog that had of
fended his Mafter, that if he was puniffi'd & was mif-
erable he had no body to blame but himfelf, and wou'd
ftill fawn till he was taken Into Favour again, for that
he was as a Dog that had been beaten and was running
round his Mafter with Fear & Refped, and wou'd
continue till he was pardonned, having fince laft Fall
refolv'd to die rather than difobey his Brothers Will.
And afked what were the moft falutary Means to be
well received by the General, fince he had not been
inform'd that he ffiou'd have gone to Niagara. At the
fame Time begging Mercy In the moft fubmiffive
Manner and faid If his Brother cou'd fee the Diftrefs
their Familys were In, he wou'd have Pity upon them
& think they were puniffi'd enough.
The Commandant told him the Reafon of the In
furredion was becaufe they had fomething then In their
Power which they wou'd never have again, for If they
had they wou'd ad the fame Part over again.
In the Evening we were Inform'd that the Sloop ^^
Royal

I04 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1763- Royal Charlotte was aground on this Side [of] the
July- Whitewood; at 2 In the Morning a Detachment was
"""^ fent with four Batteaux to lighten her & get her off,
which they did next Day by four in the Afternoon,
and the 24th ffie ariv'd here.
27 The Schooner Bofton arived from Niagara.
29 This Morning at 11 o'Clock the Sloop Charlotte
fet Sail for Niagara with Wind at N. W.
In the Afternoon Manitoo, an Ottawa Chief, with
five other Ottawas, four of whome were from the
Mlamee River, came in with three Prifoners. The
Speaker faid that God had been fpeaking with him a
great deal this laft Winter, & that what he y° faid was
the Sentiments of all the Chiefs, and beg'd to be pitied
& heard. He then beg'd Pardon for what they had
done in a moft fubmiffive Manner ; the Reafon of
their beginning he did not know, but he that fet them
on (Pondlac) was return'd from the Illinois, but was
no more heard by any body In the Nation ; that God
had told him he had done wrong, that he had made
this Earth for them & us to live quietly together in, &
that Pondiac the Caufer of Its being difturbed wou'd
not die but wou'd burn in Hell eternally, as all thofe
wou'd do who did not follow the Advice & obey the
Will of their Brother. God alfo told him he muft not
lie, fteal, nor covet another Mans Wife, all which
Commands they would ftrldly adhere to for the Future,
and that their Brother ffiould fee that what they faici
was true & fincere In the End, & hop'd he wou'd have
Pity upon them. That they wou'd return to Sanduflcy
to where their Corn was planted, and after it was
gather'd wou'd come and afk'd Liberty to ftay there
another Year, and that after that if their Brother was
convlnc'd of their Sincerity they hop'd he wou'd give
them Liberty to come & fettle their antient Village. The

P ont i Lie's Siege of Detroit. 105
The Commandant told them if they did not know the 1764.
Reafon of their beginning he would tell them. The J"'>'"
Reafon was, faid he, that you had at that Time fome- '~'^~'
thing In your Power that you will never have again,
for if you had I am fure you would make the fame
Ufe of it you have already done, but if you bring In
all thofe who fet you on, black or white, I ffiall tell
the General what you fay, and it may be a Step toward
your getting Peace, but it does not look as If you were
very fincere, fince this Is the firft of your Appearance.
But I fuppofe the Reafon of your coming is becaufe
)'our vain Hopes of an Army from the Illinois is
vaniffi'd & you fee yourfelves without Succour.
To which the Speaker faid the Reproaches their
Brother made them were very juft, but It was not the
Chiefs Fault that they did not come fooner, but his,
for God had told him to remain quiet & not mind any
more bad Belts for that he wou'd be forgiven when
they proftrated themfelves before their Brother. And
as a Proof of their fincerity they wou'd go and en
deavour to bring In the People he mentioned.
This Day the Schooner VIdory ariv'd from Niagara 3°
loaded with Baggage for the 17th; ffie left Niagara
the 20th, but had very bad Weather. She fprung her
Bowfprit and broke her Gaft.
Yefterday fome ofthe Hurons came to dance before 31
the Commandants Door, & after they had done were
going away, when one of them who ftay'd a little be
hind was ftop'd by a Royal American near Mr. St.
Martins Houfe, where he coax'd him In and murder'd
him as it appears from all the Circumftances of the
Affair ; the Soldier was Immediately put In Irons, and
the Commandant was going to fend for the Chiefs,
when two of them came Into the Fort, having been in
form'd of it by two other Indians who ftay'd behind a
15 little

io6 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764- little Time with him that was murder'd, who tho the)
J^'y- did not fee the Stroke, was near enough to hear it, a;
was alfo a Corporal of the Artillery.
Aug. 5 xhls Day the little Chief came In and Inform'd Mr
Labute that Seckaho had deceived the Commandant
that he was gone back to the Miamee River to where
his Corn was, & that after it was ripe, he heard that
Seckaho & what People of his Band would go with
him, with thofe of Pondiacs Band were going off to the
Dlinois.
8 This Day MIntiwaby from Saggina came in with fi?
or feven of Mindochquays Band, and brought a Pri
foner that he had had all the Winter, who Mlndoch-
quay told the Commandant In the Spring, would have
then been brought In, but MIntiwaby was gone to
Michlllmackinac. He faid thatthe Chippewas at Sha-
guomigan had fent a Pipe to Mindochquays Band, &
defir'd him to fend it to Machoqulffi who wou'd fend
it to the Shawnles & Delawares with the following
Anfwer, to the Invitation they gave them to join with
them to ftrike againft the Engliffi laft Fall as Mocho-
qulffi had fent the Belt from the Sha. & Dele, namely.
That they had no Complaints againft their Brothers
the Engliffi, & they had a greater Regard for their
Wives, Children & young Men, than to enter Into fo
bad a Thing.
10 This Afternoon at about four o'Clock, the Sloop
Charlotte & Schooner Gladwin ariv'd here. Commo
dore Loring & Capt. Grant came in the former.
II This Day Maffioquiffi, a Puttawattamy Chief, feni
in a Turkey & fome Venifon & defir'd the Command
ant would except of it, as he was unworthy of coming
into the Fort, but neverthelefs he & the Chiefs of the
Puttawattamees of St. Jofephs were getting the Pri
foners they had together to bring them In, in two oi
three

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. loj
three Days in cafe they would be received. And that 1764.
if the Commandant had not a Mind to ftarve him, "^"S-
he beg'd he wou'd fend him two or three Charges of
Powder and Ball.
This Day the little Chief told Mr. Labute that Pon- 12
diac continued his ufual DIfcourfe & was as ill inten
tioned as ever ; that he had tried to animate all the
Nations about here, by telling them that there was
abfolutely a French Army on the way here, from the
Illinois, but that the Commandant there could not
come with them untill he had received a Letter from
their Father, which he expeded every Day. That
Seckaho had fent three young Men on to the Poft
Vlncent^^to meet them & bring him News.
This Morning a Puttawattamy came to the Settle- '4
ment & fent for Mr. Labute, to whome he told that
he was fent by one of their Chiefs to put his Brother
upon his Guard, as the Shawanees & Delawares were
come to join Pondiac at the Miamee River, to come
and attack this Place, that they were not yet arived,
but one of their Chiefs had feen fome Runners that
came before to Inform they were coming.
Mr. Labute was further inform'd by the little Chief
ofthe Chibbaways that Pondiac had much threatened
the Ottawa Chiefs who brought In fome Prifoners a
little Time ago & told them that his Father was on
his way March & as foon as he came he would have
them all hang'd that tried to make up a Thing that he
(Pondlac) had begun.
The Sloop fail'd for Niagara. 15
The Schooner Bofton ariv'd in the Mouth of the '7
River from Niagara.
This Day at about one o'Clock the Schooner Glad- 19
^ Now Vincennes, on the Wa- bafti in Indiana. win

io8 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764- win fail'd for Niagara. At three o'Clock Mr. Marfack
"^"S- came In and inform'd that he had been told by fome In
dians that fome ofthe Hurons of Sanduflcy were gone
to meet the Army with the Belts that were fent them
by the Six Nations to take up the Hatchet againft the
Engliffi, for that they might at leaft let the Engliffi
fight their own Battles, which they would tell them
when they met them & defire them to return by the
fame Belts that they defired them to take up the
Hatchet. That they were all ready to receive the
Engliffi at Lake Sandufky.
^° This Morning Mr. Campeau came In & inform'd
that he had overheard an Ottawa & two Folsavolnes
fpeaking about the Army, & the Ottawa afk'd where
they were & which way they were coming ; the others
told him they were coming on the fouth Side of the
Lake. What to do ? f'd the Ottawa. To cut off the
Hurons at Sandufky, f'd the others. O, faid the Ot
tawa, they are all ready to meet them, the Mlamees &
all the Puttawattamys are affembled there, & they have
fent their Wives & Children back in the Woods, &
have prepared their young Corn & Squaffies on pur
pofe that they may keep. That a Chlbbaway was foon
after fent off as he Imagined to go to the Miamee.
Mr. M'Dougal was told this Morning by an Indian
that most of the Chibbaways & all the Puttawattamys
were on the Mlamee River with the Ottawas & Mla
mees, and a good many other Indians.
This Day & laft Night all the Ottawas & Fols
avolnes, &c., that came from MIchilimackinac this
Spring to go to Niagara return'd.
21 This Afternoon the Schooner Bofton ariv'd. Laft
Night Mr. Jadeau came with a Letter informing us
that the Schooner Gladwin was aground near Ifle Bois
Bland

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 109
Bland'^o upon which Mr. Grant was fent off with fome 1764.
Men to get her off. Aug.
This Night Mr. Colvllle, one of the Mafters of the ""^
Veffels, came up to get a Grapling and fome other
things for the Schooner Gladwin, as ffie had loft her
Anchors in getting off.
Commodore Loring left this in the Barge to go on ^4
board the Schooner Bofton at the Mouth ofthe River,
for Niagara.
This Afternoon the Army ariv'd under the Com- ^7
mand of Coll. Broadftreet.'^^
A Party of Men were fent to cut Timber upon Ifle 29
Cochon for Barracks, &c.
All the Inhabitants were ordered to appear at nine
next Morning from fifteen Years old upwards to renew
their Oaths of Allegiance, which ran in the Terms fol-
lowlng.'- This Morning the Schooner VIdory fail'd for Nia- 3'
gara, with Coll. Gladwin on board.
This Evening the Hurons came to fee the new
Commandant, and after their ufual Compliments gave
him the Name of the little Deer.
This Afternoon fifty-five Ottawas, including Women Sept. 2
& Children, ariv'd here according to their Promife
''" Ifle Bois Blanc, or White-wood ceived a Commiflion as Colonel in
Ifland, lies in Front of Amherft- Feb. 1762, and held at this Time
burgh, on the Canadian Side ofthe the Ofiice of Quarter-Mafter Gen-
Channel and 18 Miles below De- eral. In 1772 hewas promoted to
troit. It is a Httle over a Mile in the Rank of Major-General. He
length, and to one defcending it is died at New York, Sept. 25, 1774,
the laft Ifland on the left-hand Side aged 63 Years. Maf. Hift. Coll.;
before entering Lake Erie. Army Lifts; Dunlop's Hift. N. Y.;
Parkman's Pontiac.
^^ Col. John Bradftreet had ferved
with great Reputation in the Wars '^ A Blank here occurs in the
with France in America. He re- MSS.
made

no Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764. made to Coll. Broadftreet, when he left the Miamee
Sep'- River.
"^ This Morning the Ottawas came to Coll. Broad
ftreet to give him their Hands & told him they only
came to tell him that the Chlbbeways & Puttawatta
mys were to come in next Day & then they would
fpeake for the Whole. But without their faying any
thing about making Peace, he told them that if they
were as well inclined for it as him there would be one
juft at the Mouth of the Miffiffippi.
5 This Day a Council was held with the Ottawas and
Chippawas, the Puttawattamees not having come in.
^ This Day the Puttawattamees ariv'd.
^ This Day the Ottawas, Chippawas, Puttawattamees,
Mlamees & Hurons fign'd the Articles of Peace given
them by Coll. Broadftreet, the Contents of which Is in
the Book of Councils. Yefterday the Sloop Charlotte,
the Schooner Bofton & Schooner Gladwin enter'd the
River.
10 This Day the Schooner VIdory ariv'ci from Niagara.
1 1 This Morning the Schooner Gladwin fail'd for
Michlllmackinac.
13 This Morning Mr. Crofton arived from Niagara In
a Batteaux with Defpatches for Coll. Bradftreet.
This Afternoon News came by Indians, that the
Shawanles & Delawares would not make Peace, & that
they had detain'd Mr Paulle & the People with him,
& were refolv'd to defend themfelves.
'4 This Morning at 8 o'Clock the Army embark'd to
go to Sandufky.
16 This Morning the Schooner VIdory fet fail for San
duflcy, where ffie was to wait Coll. Bradftreets Orders.
¦7 This Morning the Sloop fail'd for Niagara.
This Evening Capt. Morris ariv'd here, having been
fent by Coll. Bradftreet to try to go to the Illinois, but

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 1 1 1
but was ftop'd by the Mlamees who were going to 1764-
burn him. S"^?'-
This Morning an Exprefs was fent to overtake Coll. ,g
Bradftreets with Letters from Coll. CambeU & Captain
Morris. The Schooner VIdory return'd from Sanduflcy for 27
Provlfion ; in which came Mr. Cheppoton with Orders
from Coll. Bradftreet.
This Morning the Schooner Bofton arived after lay- Oft. 6
ing four Days in the River with contrary Winds.
This Morning MInechefne arived from Coll. Brad
ftreet with fome Indians, who brought Orders for Mr.
Cheppaton to fpare no Expenfe in getting fome In
dians of each Nation to take up the Hatchet againft
the Shawanys & Delawares & for MInechefne to bring
the little Chief of the Chippawas in particular. As
alfo Orders to Coll. Campbell to fpeak to the Hurons
to fend as many of their People as poffible ; his Speech
& Anfwer to it Is in the Book of Councils of this
Date. This Morning the Schooner Bofton fail'd for Fort
Erie. This Morning Mr. Cheppaton left this for San- 11
dufky with thirteen Indians, who had taken up the
Hatchet againft the Shawanles & Delawares.
This Morning Mini Chefne left this with eight In- 12
dians who had taken up the Hatchet againft the Dela
wares & Shawanles.
This Day we were inform'd by a Man who came '^
from Lake St. Clair that Mr. St. Clair73 enter'd Lake
'^ This was probably James St. had previoufly been in the Regular
Clair who was commiffioned as a Service but was then refiding in
Captain in the 45th Regiment, Pennfylvania.
March i o, 1 76 1 . Arthur St. Clair
Huron

Oft.

1 12 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764- Huron the thirteenth with the Schooner Gladwin, &
was foon out of Sight, the Wind being very good.
This Morning the Sloop Charlotte arived from Fort
Erie. This Day the Sloop Charlote fail'd for Fort Erie,
with 121 Packs of Peltry, being the laft of 1464 Packs
that were fent from this fince laft April.
This Day fome Indians with Maifonville & J.
Reaume arived from Sandufky, who brought Letters
Informing us that the Army had left that Place the
i8th Inft.
This Day Andre the Huron arived from Sanduflcy,
who Inform'd that he had been fent out on a Party
from Sandufky with twenty Engllffimen & nine In
dians to cut off a Shawanle Village confifting of four
Cabans. That the Morning after his firft Days March,
four ofhis Indians who were ofthe Six Nations chofe
to ftay awhile behind, and at mid day when he halted
he enquired for them, & was told by one ofthe Engllffi
men who ftay'd a little while with them that they were
return'd to the Camp, upon which he puffi'd on with
out them. The fourth Day, knowing he was near the
Village, he fent two of his young People on before,
who in a ffiort Time return'd & told him they faw two
Indians coming on Horfeback, who foon after arived
& told him they knew his Defign, but that the Village
was Increafed to ten Cabans, & if he went on would be
cut to Pieces, & moreover that the Shawanles had aflc'd
Peace from Coll. Boquet & were gone with all their
Prifoners to meet him to the Amount of two hundred,
upon which feeing they were apriz'd of his Defign &
were going to make Peace he fent back his Party &
took two Indians & proceeded to the Village, where
he was inform'd that the four Indians that return'd
from the Party Inform'd a Huron Chief who had made
Peace

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 1 1 ¦?
Peace with Coll. Bradftreet, who immediately fent off 1764.
an Exprefs on Horfeback to the Village, & that one ^'^•
ofthe two Indians that met him was the Brother of a """^
Mohawk Chief. That he was fure in cafe that his
Defign had not been difcovered, the Indians that were
with him would not have fought. That in paffing by the
Head of the Sandufky River he faw a Huron of San
dufky who told him he was ariv'd from the Frontiers
cxf Virginia where he had been at vrar with a Party of
Shawanles & Delawares, who had taken thirty Scalps,
and that if he would not believe him he would give
him two, that were pretty freffi to ffiow to his Father
the Commandant at this Place, which Scalps he faw.
This Day tbe Militia return'd irom Michilimacki- 27
riac This Day the Schooner Bofton ariv'd at the Mouth Nov. 3
ofthe River afiter been eighteen Days from Niagara,
& the Schooner Vidca-y, who came out with her, they
fiippofe was drove back.
This Moming Capt. St. Clair arived here from 5
MIchilimackinac after laying lap the Schooner Gladwin
in a fmall River near the Head ofthe iRaver Huron.
This Evening the Sloop Charlotte, the Schooner
Bofton & Schooner VIdory arived oppafite the Fort.
This MDrning Andre & five other Hurons left this 23
on a icout againft the Shawanles & Delawares & were to
encamp at tiie ILiver Rouge for to night.
This Afternoon a Soldier was kill'd and fcalp'd on
the Road between the River Rouge & the Fort.
This Morning a Soldier was kill'd & fcalp'd behind 24
the Fort near the Edge of the Woods.
Andrew return'd this Morning .& promif'd (ashe
imagined it was Indians from Sandufky that took the
two Sxzalps) that he would fall upon the firft Indian he
faw from the other fide of Lake Erie.
16 This

114 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1764. This Day we were inform'd that It was fome St.
Nov. 25 Jofeph Indians that took the Scalps as they had feen
them.
26 This Day two Puttawattamies of this Place came In
& inform'd that It was the St. Jofeph Indians that
took the Scalps at the Inftigation of a Saky who had
been with them near twenty Years, & whofe Son was
kill'd this Time twelve Months at this Place.
This was confirm'd by many Informations from
many Indians.
Dec. 14 This Day Machioquiffe a Chief of the Puttawatta
mees of this Place arived from St. Jofephs with a Let
ter from one Chevalller to the Commanding Officer,
who inform'd the Commandant that Chevalller told
him the King of France had fent over fome Merchants,
whom he had order'd to fell Things to the Indians at
the following Rate, viz : if the Engliffi fold a Blanket
for four Beaver they were to fell it for three; if they fold
it for three, they were to fell it for two, & If the Eng
liffi fold it for two they were to fell it for one, and
every thing elfe in Proportion. That there was five
Cannoes of that Merchandize already at St. Jofephs, as
much at Oulattanon & a good deal gone to the Sha
wanles & Delawares.
After a good deal of DIfcourfe with the Command
ant about the Scalps that was taken the 23d & 24th of
Novem. he aflc'd him in cafe the Murderers could be
brought before him to make a proper Submlffion,
wheather he would not forgive them ; to which he faid
if they were brought before him & made proper Sub-
miffions he would not ufe them as they merited.
Upon which Machioquiffe promif'd to go and get fome
Sauteux & ufe all the Means in his Power to bring the
Murderers In & with the Engliffi Prifoners that was
at St. Jofephs. January

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 1 1 r
January 21ft, 1764 [1765]. 1765-
Thls Day Andrew the Huron arived from Fort J^"-
Pitt, with Letters, for being Inform'd that Peace was """^
made with the Shawanles & Delawares, he proceeded
to that Place Inftead of ftriking againft them as he was
direded when he left this. He faid the Shawanles
& Delawares told him there was three Battoes & two
Perrlaugres arived at the Mouth of the Oenentois,
from the Illinois, & they fent them a large Belt of
Wampum defireing them to go immediately out of
their River. That they had made Peace with their
Father the Engliffi, and would not have any more to
do with the French.
Andrew the Huron left this for Fort Pitt with Feb. 27
Maifonville. A fmall Party from the Mlamees took a Prifoner Mar. n
that had ftraggled from the Veffel at the River Rouge.
Mr. Jadot was fent from this to the Mlamee to bring '7
one Clermont & his Family & fome others to this
Place, as we had been inform'd they fplrited up the
Indians to ftrike here, but the Indians met him before
he ariv'd there & difarm'd his Party, and fent him
back. Coll. Campbell fent them a Meffage by fome Chib- '5
bawas (who offer'd themfelves as Volunteers) to let
them know if they did not give up every Prifoner they
had & the Arms they took from Mr. Jadots Party,
he would declare them his Enemys ; & the Chlbbawas
who carried this Meffage had Orders from their Chief
Seccaho, that In cafe they did not comply with this
Demand they might look upon them as their Enemies
as they wou'd immediately ftrike againft them.
The Schooner VIdory fail'd for Niagara, In which
went Lt. Stewart & Sir Edward Pickering.
This Day the Chlbbawas return'd from the Mlamee May 8
and

ii6 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1765- and brought Word they wou'd foon be in with their
^^y- Prifoners & defir'd their Father not to be impatient ;
"^^ but by private Intelligence we were inform'd quite
otherwife.
16 This Day the Sloop Chariot ariv'd from Niagara,
in which came Lt. M'Dougal.
17 This Day fome of the Ottawa Chiefs from the
Mlamee River came in & dellver'd a Meffage to the
Commandant which they f'd they receiv'd from Col"
Croghan, inviting them to Fort Pitt, begging he
wou'd write to Col° Croghan & tell him in cafe they
did not come at the Time appointed that it was be
caufe they were emploled in trying to bring in the
Mlamees to make a proper Submlffion to ther Father
& with their Prifoners.
And defiring if he their Father chofe they ffiou'd go
to the Mlamee he wou'd get one or two ofthe Hurons
Chiefs to go with them.
In the Afternoon one a Mohawk who had
been fent laft Fall by Sir Will"" Johnf^^ as a Spy among
the Indians came in with two Bennakees & inform'd
the Commandant, that as their was frequent Reports
at Sandufky that a Body of French & Indians were
coming by way of the Mlamee, they fent fome young
Men as far as the Mlamee to fee whether it was true,
& as the above mentioned Indians were on their way
here they met the Hurons returning from Miamee, who
told them that the 9th Inft. Pondiac's Nephew ariv'd
from the Illinois who inform'd them that while Pon
diac & the great Saalteur from MIchilimackinac was
there, fix Engllffimen, with one Maifonville a French
man, a Delaware, a Mohawk & a Huron from this
Place ariv'd there from Fort Pitt, whom Pondlac
caufed to be feized and brought them as far as Oulat
tanon, where they were all burnt but two whom he was
bringing

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 1 1 ^
bringing to give to the Mlamees. That Pondiac had 1765-
feven large Belts for to raife the St. Jofephs, the Mia- ^^y-
mees, the Ouiattanons, the Plans, Mafcoutons, and the '^^
Illinois, who were to affemble with fome Nations to the
northward & make what Efforts they could againft this
Place the Beginning of next Month, for which Pur
pofe Pondiac had befides the above Belts a very large
one which was for the Hatchet from the French, That
this undertaking was to be entirely by the Indians
without any Affiftance.
St. Vincent, one of the above Indians further fays,
that being at the Shawanee Town about twenty Days
ago, a French Trader from the Illinois told him that
he had receiv'd a Letter from Maifonville when he was
going down the Ohio, who inform'd him that he had
been fent by the Commanding Officer at Fort Pitt, to
go to the Illinois with fome Engllffimen.
Three Chiefs of the Ottawas with fome young Men 20
left this with a Meffage from the Commandant to the
Miamees and one for Pondiac.
This Morning the Sloop Charlotte fail'd for Ni- 21
aga^a. This Afternoon one of the Chlbbawas who were fent
to the Miamee the 15th March, came here & brought
back the Belts which the Miamees would not receive &
told quite a different Story from what their Chief Sec
caho told on the Return of the reft.
This Day the Indians from St. Jofephs came to the 24
Settlement with a Prifoner, & a Belt from their Chiefs,
but the Commanding Officer wou'd not receive them
as there was no Chief with, and as they had not fulfil'd
their Promife.
The Prifoner they fent in by two Puttawattanjy
Chiefs of tJiis Place with the Belt, which the Com-
jnandant receiv'd & fent them Word, when their Chiefs
fulfill' d

1 1 8 Pontiac's Siege of Detroit.
1765- fulfill'd their Promife he wou'd receive them as his
'^^y- Children, but not till then. This Prifoner was gave
''"^ to them by the Shawanles & Delawares two Years ago,
whom we new nothing of, being one more than they
f'd they had.
25 This Day the Huron Chiefs with two Onondagoes
came In & told the Commandant that they came to
fpeake to him upon the fame Subjed they had done
the 17th Inftant, faying they had fince been inform'd
by fome people from towards the Illinois that they
were in Danger, that the Indians the laft Time had
only taken up the Hatchet againft the Engliffi, but
that now they would take it up againft the French &
them, as they liv'd near the Engliffi and llk'd them ;
& that they ffiould periffi with them. They then de
fir'd they might give the Commandant a little Advice,
which If found good he wou'd have PItty upon them
& do.
They then f'd that as the Indians depended entirely
upon what they could get or take from the Inhabitants
for Subfiftance, they thought It advifable that they
ffiould joine in fmall Partys & gather together their
Corn & Cattle & make at different Places fmall Stock
ades where eight or ten Families might fecure them
felves In, with their Effeds ; that in propofing this to
them the Commandant would fee whether they were
inclin'd to be faithfull or not, for if they objeded againft
it, they were certainly Inclin'd to fight, as the Indians
would render themfelves Mafters of them & would
obllg'd them to do what they pleaf'd & ftrip them of
every thing, in cafe they remain'd In the undefenfible
Condition they were then. They beg'd the Com
mandant would defire the Inhabitants on the South
Side ofthe River to join with them to make a Stock
ade at the Huron Point near the Priefts Houfe, that
they

Pontiac's Siege of Detroit. 119
they might put their Wifes & Children in for Security, '765-
for notwitftanding they were a fmall Number they ^^y-
would then Laugh at any thing the other Nations cou'd
do, but If they were to remain they would be In their
Power & perhaps be obllg'd to do thing they had not
Inclination to do, for faid they, what will not a Man
do to fave his Life, & when we fee a Knife at our
Throats we ffiall perhaps commit Faults, for thefe and
many other Reafons they beg'd the Commandant wou'd
propofe to the People to put themfelves In fome kind
of Defence. They further faid they new the Inhabit
ants would be very angry at them if they new they
propof'd fuch a thing, but they new on their Side
that If they did not comply with it they wou'd foon
repent it, and perhaps wou'd be very glad to take
Refuge in their little Fort, In cafe they got one built.
They faid there was no Time to loofe, the fooner it
was done the better.
In the Afternoon the Commandant fent for the
Officers of the Militia, and acquainted them of the
News he had heard & propofed to them to put them
felves in the beft ftate of Defence they cou'd, agreeable
to which he gave them fome Propofals in Writing, a
Copy of which is amongft the Orders Iffued to the
Militia. This Day the Schooner VIdory ariv'd, having been 26
fent from Niagara with Capt. Simpfon ofthe Artillery
to take up the Cannon left by Col° Bradftreet laft Fall
near the River au Roche, but was obllg'd to put In here
for Want of Provlfion, having had a great deal of bad
Weather & not being able to go to the Place. The
Veffell in very bad Condition.
The Schooner VIdory. J™e 6
[The Diary thus ends abruptly In the Middle of a
Page in the Manufcript.]

JOURNAL

OF THE

SIEGE OF DETROIT,

BY

Major ROBERT ROGERS.

INTRODUCTION.

1\ /TAJOR Rogers arrived at Detroit on the 29th
-'--'- of July, 1763, with the Detachment under the
Command of Capt. Dalyel, and ffiared in the gallant
but unfortunate Sortie made under the Command of
that Officer a few Days after. In which the Leader and
many of his Men perlffied. The Information con
tained In the following Narrative is entirely from hear-
fay, and only brings down the Chain of Events to the
4th of July, although dated nearly a Month later. It
is probable that Maj. Rogers began to write an Account
of the Siege foon after his Arrival, and that this was
only partly finiffied when the failing of two Veffels
(mentioned on Page 59) offered a convenient Oppor
tunity for fending it to Sir William Johnfon. • At the
Clofe of the Volume of Journals publlffied by Major
Rogers in 1765, is an Advertifement of a fecond Vol
ume to contain, among other Things, an Account of
the

124 IntroduSiion.
the Indian Wars in America fubfeqent to 1760. Sub-
fcrlptlons were foliclted and the Book was promifed
within a limited Time, but from fome Caufe unknown,
it was never printed. It is reafonable to infer that the
following Pages were intended to form a Portion of
the Book, and that this Fragment, now firft printed,
may be the only Part that has been preferved. It was
found among the Manufcripts of Sir William Johnfon
in the New York State Library.
F. B. H.

JOURNAL OFTHE
SIEGE OF DETROIT

JOURNAL of the Siege of
Detroit., taken from the Officers
who were then in the Fort., and
wrote in their Words in the

\\ following Manner., viz :

The 6th of May ; when we were privately informed
of a Confpiracy formed againft us by the Indians, par
ticularly the Tawa^ Nation, who were to come to
council with us the next Day, and maffacre every Soul
of us. On the Morning of that Day, being Saturday
the 7th of May, fifteen of their Warriors came into
the Fort and feemed very inquifitive and anxious to
know where all the Engliffi Merchants' Shops were.
At 9 o'clock the Garrifon were ordered under Arms
and the Savages continued coming into the Fort till
II o'clock, diminiffiing their Numbers as much as
poffible by dividing themfelves at all the Corners of

1 Ottawa.

the

1 26 fournal of tJie Siege of Detroit.
the ftreets moft adjacent to the Shops. Before 12
o'clock they were three hundred Men, at leaft three
times the Number equal to that of the Garrifon ; but
feeing all the Troops under Arms, and the Merchants
Shops ffiut, imagined prevented them from attempting
to put their evil Scheme Into execution that Day.
Obferving us thus prepared, their Chiefs came In a
very condemned like Manner, to Council, where they
fpoke a great deal of Nonfenfe to Major Gladwine and
Capt. Campbell, protefting at the fame Time the
gi-eateft Friendffiip Imaginable to them, but expreffing
their Surprife at feeing all the Officers and Men under
Arms. The Major then told them that he had certain
Intelligence that fome Indians were projeding Mif
chief, and on that Ace* he was determined to have the
Troops always under Arms upon fuch Occafions :
That they being the oldeft Nation, and the firft that
had come to Council, needed not to be aftoniffied at
that Precaution as he was refolved to do the fame to
all Nations.
At 2 o'clock they had done fpeaking, went off feem-
ingly very difcontented and croffed the River half a
League from the Fort, where they all encamped about
6 o'clock that Afternoon. Six of their Warriors re
turned and brought an old Squaw Prifoner, alledging
that ffie had given us falfe Information againft them.
The Major declared ffie had never given any kind of
Advice. They then Infifted upon naming the Author
of what he had heard In regard to the Indians, which
he declined to do, but told them it was one of them
felves, whofe Name he promifed never to reveal ; where
upon they went off and carried the old Woman Pri
foner with them. When they arrived at their Camp,
Pondiac their greateft Chief feized on the Prifoner and
gave her three Strokes with a Stick on the Head, which

"Journal of the Siege of Detroit. 1 27
which laid her flat on the Ground, and the whole Na
tion aflembled around her and called repeated Times
kill her, kill her.
Sunday the Sth, Pondiac and feveral other of the
principal Chiefs came Into the Fort, at 5 o'Clock In
the Afternoon and brought a Pipe of Peace with them
of which they wanted to convince us fully of their
Friendffiip and Sincerity, but the Major judging that
they only wanted to caggole us would not go nigh them
nor give them any Countenance, which obliged Capt.
Campbell to go and fpeake with them, and after fmoak-
ing with the Pipe of Peace and affuring him of their
Fidelity, they faid that the next Morning all the Na
tion would come to Council where every thing would
be fettled to our Satlsfadion, after which they would
immediately difperfe, and that that would remove all
kind of Sufplclon.
Accordingly on Monday Morning the 9th, fix of
their Warriors came Into the Fort at 7 o'Clock, and
upon feeing the Garrifon under Arms went off without
being obferved. About 10 o'Clock we counted fifty-
fix Canoes, with feven and eight Men In each, croffing
the River from their Camp, and when they arrived
nigh the Fort, the Gates were ffiut, and the Interpre
ter went to tell them that not above fifty or fixty
Chiefs would be admitted into the Fort, upon which
Pondiac immediately defired the Interpreter In a per
emptory Manner to return diredly and acquaint us
that if all their People had not free Accefs into the
Fort none of them would enter it : that we might ftay
in our Fort, but he would keep the Country, adding
that he would order a Party Inftantly to an Ifland
where we had twenty-four Bullocks, which they imme
diately killed. Unluckily three Soldiers were on the
Ifland and a poor Man with his Wife and four Children which

1 2 8 fournal of the Siege of Detroit.
which they all murthered except two Children, as alfo
a poor Woman and her two Sons, that lived about half
a Mile from the Fort.
After having thus put all the Engliffi without the
Fort to death, the ordered a Frenchman who had feen
the Woman and her two Children killed and fcalped,
to come and Inform us of It, and likewife of their
having murthered Sir Robert Davers, Captain Robert-
fon and a Boats' Crew of fix Perfons two Days before,
being Saturday the 7th of May, near the Entrance of
Lake Huron, for which Place they fet out from hence
on Monday the 2d Inft. in order to know if the Lakes
and Rivers were Navigable for a Schooner which lay
here to proceed to MIchilimackinac. We were then
fully perfuaded that the Information given us was well
founded, and a proper Difpofition was made for the
Defenfe of the Fort, although our Number was but
fmall, not exceeding one hundred and twenty, includ
ing all the Engliffi Traders, and the Works were nigh
Mile in CIrcumferance.
On Tuesday the loth, very early In the Morning,
the Savages began to fire on the Fort, and Veffels
which lay oppofite to the eaft and weft Sides of the
Fort. 2 About 8 o'Clock the Indians called a Parley
and ceafed firing, and half an Hour after, the Wain-
dotes Chiefs came Into the Fort, on their way to a
Council where they were called by the Tawas and pro
mifed us to endeavour to foliciate and perfuade the
Tawas from committing further Hoftilities. After
drinking a Glafs of Rum they went off at three o'Clock
that Afternoon. Several of the Inhabitants and four
Chiefs of the Tawas, Walndotes and Chippawas and
Pottawattomes came and acquainted us, that moft of
2 The Channel of Detroit River Degrees South of Weft, although its
oppofite the Fort, ran but a few general Courfe is nearly South. all

fournal of the Siege of Detroit. 129
all the Inhabitants were affembled at a Frenchmans
Houfe about a Mile from the Fort, where the Savages
propofed to hold a Council, and defiring Captain
Campbell and another Officer to go with them to that
Council, where they hoped with their Prefence and
Affiftance further Hoftilities would ceafe, affuring us at
the fame Time that come what would, that Capt. Camp
bell and the other Officers that went with him, ffiould
return whenever they pleafed. This Promife was affer-
tained b)- the French as well as the Indian Chief,
whereupon Captain Campbell and Lieutenant Mc
Dougal went off efcorted by a Number of the Inhab
itants and the four Chiefs, they firft promlfed to be
anfwerable for their returning y' Night.
When they arrived at the Houfe already mentioned
they found the French and Indians affembled, and after
counceling a long while, the Waindotes were prevailed
on to fing the War Song, and this being done. It was next
refolved that Captain Campbell and Lieutenant Mc-
Dougall ffiould be detained Prifoners, but would be in
dulged to lodge in a French Houfe till a French Com
mandant arrived from the Ilenoes, that next Day five
Indians and as many Canadians would be difpatched to
acquaint the Commanding Officer of the Ilonles that
Detroit was in their Poffeffion and require of him to fend
an Officer to Command, to whom Captain Cample and
Lieutenant McDougall ffiould be delivered. As for
Major Gladwin he was fummoned to give up the Fort
and two Veffels, &c., the Troops to ground their Arms,
and they would allow as many Battoes and as much
Provlfion as they judged requifite for us to go to
Niagara : That if thefe Propofals were not accepted of,
they were a thoufand Men, and ftorm the Fort at all
events, and in that Cafe every Soul of us ffiould be
put to the Torture. The Major returned for Anfwer,
1 8 that

I 30 Journal of t/ie Siege of Detroit.
that as foon as the two Officers they had detained were
permitted to come into the Fort, he would after con-
fultlng them give a pofitive Anfwer to their Demand,
but could do nothing without obtaining their Opin
ion. On Wednefday the nth, feveral Inhabitants came
early In the Morning Into the Fort, and advlfed us by
way of Friendffiip to make our Efcape aboard the
Veffels, affuring us that we had no other Method by
which we could preferve our Lives, as the Indians
were then fifteen hundred fighting Men, and would be
as many more in a few Days, and that they were fully
determined to attack us In an Hours time. We told
the Monf'rs that we were ready to receive them, and
that every Officer and Soldier in the Fort would wil
lingly periffi in the Defenfe of it, rather than conde-
¦fcend or agree to any Terms that Savages would pro
pofe. Upon which the French went off as I fuppofe
to communicate what we had faid to their Allies, and
in a little afterwards the Indians gave their ufual Hoop,
and five or fix hundred began to attack the Fort on all
Quarters. Indeed fome of them behaved extremely
well and advanced very boldly In an open plain expofed
to our Fire, and came within fixty Yards of the Fort,
but upon having three Men killed and above a dozen
wounded, they retired as brifkly as they advanced, and
fired at three hundred Yards Diftance till feven o'Clock
at Night, when they fent a Frenchman into the Fort
with a Letter to the Major, defiring a ceffation of
Arms, that Night, and propofing to let the Troops
with their Arms aboard the Veffels, but Infifting upon
bur giving up the Fort, leaving the French Auxilliary
all the Merchandize and officers Effedls, and had even
the Infolence to demand a Negro Boy belonging to a
Merchant to be delivered to Pondiaclc. The

fournal of tlic Siege of Detroit. i 3 1
The Major's Reply to thefe extraordinary Propofi-
tions was much the fame as to the firft.
Tuefday the 12th, five Frenchmen and as many In
dians were fent off for the Ilinoes with Letters wrote
by a Canadian agreable to Pondiacs Defire. On the
13th we were Informed by the Inhabitants that Mr.
Chapman, a Trader from Niagara, was taken Prifoner
by the Waindotes, with five Battoes loaded with
Goods. The 2 1 ft, one of the Veffels was ordered to fail for
the Niagara, but to remain till the fixth of June at the
Mouth of the River In order to advert the Battoes
which we expeded daily from Niagara.
Upon the 2 2d we were told that Enfign Paully who
commanded at Sanduflcy was brought Prifoner by ten
Tawas, who reported that they had prevailed after long
Confultation with the Waindotes who lived at San
dufky to declare War againft us ; that fome Days ago
they came early of a Morning to the Block Houfe,
and murthered every Soul therein, confifting of twenty
feven Perfons, Traders included ; that Meff'** Callen-
der and Prentice, formerly Captains in the Pennfylva
nia Reg' were amongft that Number, and that they had
taken one hundred Horfes loaded with Indian Goods,
which with the Plunder of the Garrifon was agreed to
be given the Waindotes before they condefcended to
join them ; that all they wanted was the Commanding
Officer. On the 29th of May, we had the Mortification to
fee eight of our Battoes in the Poffeffion ofthe Enemy,
paffing on the oppofite Shore, with feveral Soldiers
Prifoners in them. When the foremoft Battoe came
oppofite the Sloop, ffie fired a Gun, and the Soldiers
aboard called at thofe in the Battoe, that if they paffed
the Savages would kill them all, upon which they Im
mediately

132 fournal of the Siege of Detroit.
mediately feized on two Indians and threw them over
board with him and tomahawked him diredly, they
being near the Shore and it quite ffioal. Another
Soldier laid hold of an Oar, and ftruck that Indian
upon the Plead, of which Wound he is fince dead.
Then there remained only three Soldiers, of which two
were wounded, and although fifty Indians were on the
Bank not fixty Yards, firing upon them, the three
Soldiers efcaped aboard the Veffel, with the Battoe
loaded with eight Barrels of Provifions and gives the
following Account of their Miffortune, viz;
That two Nights before, about 10 o'Clock, they
arrived about fix Leagues from the Mouth ofthe River
where they encamped. That two Men went a little
from the Camp for Firewood to boil their Kettle,
when one ofthe two was feized on by an Indian, killed
and fcalped in an Inftant. The other Soldier ran
diredly and alarmed the Camp, upon which Lieutenant
Cuyler immediately ordered to give Ammunition to
the Detachment, which confifted of one Serjeant and
feventeen Soldiers of the Royal Americans, three Ser
jeants and feventy-two Rank and File of the Queen's
Independent Company of Rangers. After having de
livered their Ammunition, and a Difpofition made of
the Men, the Enemy came clofe to them without being
obferved, behind a Bank and fired very fmartly on
one Flank which could not fuftain the Enemys Fire
and they retired precipitately and threw the Whole In
Confufion. By that Means the Soldiers embarked
aboard the Battoes with one, two and three Oars in
each Battoe, which gave an Opportunity to the Savages
of taking them all except the two Battoes that efcaped
with Mr. Cuyler to Niagara.
Sunday the 5th of June, we were acquainted that
Fort Malmes was taken, that Enfign Holms who
commanded

fournal of the Siege of Detroit. i 3 3
commanded there had been informed by two French
men who arrived there the preceding Day of Detrolts
being attacked by the Indians, which he would hardly
believe, but threatened to Imprlfon the French for that
Report, that an Indian Woman had betrayed him
out of the Fort by pretending that another Woman
was very fick, and begged of him to come to her Cabin
to let blood of her, and when he had gone a little Dif
tance from the Fort was fired on and killed. The
Serjeant hearing the Report of the firing ran to fee
what it was, and was Immediately taken Prifoner. The
Soldiers ffiut the Gates and would have probably de
fended the Fort if one Walffi, a Trader who had been
taken Prifoner a few Days before, had not advifed them
to open the Gates, alledging that If they did not comply
the Indians would fet Fire to the Fort and put them to
death ; whereas, if they opened the Gates, they ffiould
be well treated. Whereupon the Gates were opened,
and the Soldiers grounded their Arms.
On the loth of June we heard that Enfign Schloffer
the Commanding Officer at Saint Jofephs was taken
Prifoner and that all the Garrifon (except three Men)
were maffacred. That the Indians came on the 25th
of May with a Pretence to Council, and as foon as the
Chiefs had ffiaken Hands with Mr. Schloffer, they
feized on him, gave a Shriek and Inftantly killed ten
Men. The 1 2th we were told that Lieut. Jenkins and all
the Garrifon of Owat'anon, confifting of a Sergeant and
eighteen Men were taken Prifoners and carried to the
Ilonles. The I Sth a Jefuit arrived from MIchllllmakenac
and brought a Letter from Captain Etherlnton and
Lieutenant Leffley, with an Account of their being
taken Prifoners. That Lieutenant Jamet and twenty- one

134 Journal of the Siege of Detroit.
one Soldiers. That on the 2nd the Indians were play
ing Ball as ufual nigh the Fort, where Captain Ether
ington and Lieut. Leffley happened to be looking at
them, but were fuddenly feized on and carried Into the
Woods. At the fame Time the Savages had purpofely
thrown their Ball Into the Fort, as If that had hap
pened by Accident, and followed it diredly Into the
Fort, where a Number of their Women had Toma
hawks and Spears concealed under their Blankets,
which they delivered them and put the whole Garrifon
to death, except thirteen Men.
The 30th we were Informed that the Blockhoufe at
Prefque Ifle was burned, that Enfign Chriftie and all
his Garrifon, which confifted of twenty-nine Men were
taken Prifoners except fix Men, who It was believed
made their efcape to La Beuf.
On the Night of the 2d Inftant and Lieut. Mc
Dougall were lodged at the Houfe I have already men
tioned, about two Miles from the Fort, and made a
Refolution to Efcape, when it was agreed on between
them that McDougall ffiould fet off firft, which he did
and get fafe into the Fort, but you know it was much
more dangerous for Captain Campbell than for any
other Perfon by Reafon that he could neither run nor
fee, and being fenfible of that failing I am fure pre
vented him from attempting to efcape.
The 4th a Detachment was ordered to deftroy fome
Breaftworks and Entrenchments the Indians had made
a Quarter of a Mile from the Fort, and about twenty
Indians came to attack that Party, which they engaged
but were drove off in an Inftant with the Lofs of one
Man killed (and two wounded) which our People
fcalped and cut to Pieces. Half an Hour after the
Savages carried the Man they had loft before Captain
Campbell, ftriped him naked, and diredly murthered him

Journal of the Siege of Detroit. 135
him in a cruel Manner, which Indeed gives one Pain
beyond Expreffion, and I am fure cannot mifs but to
affed fenfibly all his Acquaintences, although he is now
out of the Oueftion.
The Indians likewife reported that Venango and
Le Beuf is taken by the Savages,
Dated at Detroit Sth Aug' 1763,

To Sir William Johnfon.

GEN. BRADSTREET'S
STATEMENT

UPON

INDIAN AFFAIRS

INTRODUCTION.
'T^HE following Statement upon Indian Affairs is
-*- preferved in the Hand-writing of General John
Bradftreet, In a Volume belonging to the New York
State Library, entitled Bradftreet and AmheYfl MSS.,
beginning at Page 190. Thefe Papers were found
many Years fince In the Garret of a Houfe in Albany
which Gen. Bradftreet once inhabited, and are of un-
queftionable authenticity.
During the Indian Wars which followed the Con
queft of Canada In 1760, General B. held the Rank of
Quarter-Mafter General, and his Opportunities for
judging of the Merits or Defeds of the Syftem under
which Indian Affairs were managed entitle his Opinions
to Refped. The Difficulties attending this Service
are clearly and forcibly ftated, and the Remedies which
he fuggefts were didated by found Judgment and en
forced by ftrong Argument. F. B. H.

GEN. BRADSTREET'S
STATEMENT. DECEMBER 17, 1764.

^. BRIEF State of our interiour
') Situation with the Savages, the
Difadvantages occafioned by the
Indian Traders following them
^ to their Hunting Country., Cafiles
^' and Villages ; the Benefit to all his
Majefty s SubjeBs by confining the Trade to
particular Pofts and the Danger of fixing
thofe Pofts nearer the Colony s of New Tork
and ^ebec then St. Marys, Michilimicanac,
La Bay, &' the Detroit, &'c., ^c.
The Savages retain their Affedion for the French
Nation as much as ever, and have nothing more at Heart
than their Return and Power In this Country, & are
ready

142 General Bradftreet's Statement.
ready to execute any thing in their Power to anfwer
that Purpofe, and deteft the Engliffi fo much, that the
Traders can not quit the eftabliffied Pofts to go &
Trade with them (as Canadians do, who run no rifle,
but on the contrary are well receiv'd) without being
murder'd and plunder'd ; and Experience alfo ffiews
when they employ Canadians to carry on the Trade
for them they are cheated and ruin'd ; which muft in
a ffiort Time put all the Indian Trade In the Hands
ofthe Canadians In Conjundion with the French &
Spaniards from the Miffiffippi & the Settlements of
the Illinois, who at this Time carry of great Part of
the Trade between the Miffiffippi & the great Lakes
& the Ohio. To remedy thefe Evils and recover the
Trade which Is much impair' d, the Savages debauch'd,
become Idle and negled their Hunting by fplrituous
Liquors being conftantly carried to their Hunting
Countrys and to fix the Trade with equil Advantage
to all his Majeftys Subjeds, It Is Imagin'd it ffiould be
limited to particular Pofts & upon no Account allow
any Traders to follow the Savages to their Hunting
Country, Caftles or Villages, as it moreover gives their
Boat men & fome of themfelves a Taft for a wander
ing & Independent Life, infeds them with a Habit of
Libertinifm & many of thefe Sort of Canadians remain
amongft the Savages now ; from whom they are not
diftlnguiffiable but by their Vices & inciting them on
to Ads of Cruelty againft the Engliffi ; and was their
nothing to fear from the Entregues of foreign Enemies
the nearer the Pofts were fix'd to the Colonys of New
York & Quebec to more Advantage would the Trade
be carry'd on, as the Savages would then become the
principal Carriers themfelves, which is a very expenfive
Article., But the Difadvantage of confining the Trade
to Pofts nearer the Colonys then St. Marys, Michill- mlcanac

General Bradftreet's Statement. 143
micanac. La Bay and Detroit would be, the Savages of
the northweft Side Lake Superior would find It lefs
troublefome to Trade with the Hudfons Bay Company
then to go to thofe Pofts, and thofe of La Bay, the
weft Side Lake Superior & Lake Michigan would find
it alfo lefs difficult to go to the Miffiffippi ffiould the
French & Spanlffi Traders not go to them as they
adually do now and they would alfo foon find the way
into Lake Superior with their Merchandife — and fo
long as thofe Traders come to the Savages on the
Banks of the Wabaffi and Scioto Rivers, by the Mif
fiffippi and Ohio, our Traders at the Detroit & Fort
Pitt will benefit but little from them, thofe of St. Jo
fephs & Miames, which makes a confiderable Number
of Hunters — ^and to thefe Evils we may add a greater,
namely, was the Trade confin'd to Pofts as low as
Niagara, the certain Confequence would be, that all
the Furr Trade & Savages would fall into the Hands
of the French and Spaniards & it effeded foon by
Means ofthe French Inhabitants of Detroit, Wabach,
St. Jofeph & Michilimicanac & thofe Vagabonds or
Coureurs de Bois of Canada difperf 'd amongft them,
who when left to themfelves and able to ad openly &
without Fear will not fail their old Mafters ; the dread
ful Confequence of which would foon be feverely felt
by the Inhabitants ofthe Frontiers of feveral Colonys.
From repeated Information It can admit of no
Doubt but that the French by the Miffiffippi are ufing
their beft Endeavours to bring all the Savages to con-
fider the Spaniards in the fame favourable light to
them as the French themfelves ; we muft therefore loofe
Ground every Day with the Indians if we remain Idle
Spedators of it ; it would be of great Ufe In helping
to prevent it as well as that of a general Confederacy
of them againft us when attempted were we to divide them

144 General Bradftreet's Statement.
them by fomenting the Quarrlls generally fubfifting
amongft them inftead of making them up & turn them
to our own Ufe & Advantage & prevent as much as
poffible the Intercourfe of the Savages of diffirent
Diftrids, that Is, thofe of the north weft Side Lake
Superior to come down no farther than St. Mary's &
Michilimicanac ; thofe of La Bay, weft Side Lake
Superior 8e: Lake Michigan to the Pofts of La Bay;
thofe of St. Jofephs, Miames, Wabach & Scioto Rivers
to the Detroit & Fort Pitt, & the Six Nations (if
poffible) to be kept from them all at the Pofts of Ne-
agara & Ofwego, as the Meetings of different Nations
of Indians have too often ended In making up their
old Quarrlls & ploting againft us — and to fucceed in
this important Bufinefs, Men of Adrefs with a per-
fed Knowledge of the Polocy & Craft of the Savages
ffiould be employ'd.
The Number of Boats employ'd In the Indian
Trade annually from this Province amounts to about
1 80 whofe Cargoes one with the other Is in Value 300 £,
at the New York Prices ; which makes for the whole
about 100,000 £ ; out of which a large Dedudlon is to
be made from the Proffits of the Trader for Trapfporta-
tion & other Expenfes as may be concelv'd by the
Expenee of one Boat to Detroit :
3 Boatmen to Detroit, - - £60
Battoe, Oars, &c., - - 9
Carriage over the little Falls and
Fort Stanwix, 1.12
Do. Neagara, - 11. 8

£82
and to MIchilimicana It amounts to 112 £, about;
and innormous as this Expenfe Is It bears no Propor
tion to that of following the Savages to their Hunting Country

General Bradftreet's Statement. 145
Country during the Winter; which the Engliffi Mer
chants of Canada are no Strangers to — and to this fol
lows the Expenee of Provifions, which is always very
fcarce & dear at the Pofts. At Michilimicanac Pork
fold this Summer for two Shillings and fixpence. Bread
four Shillings & Butter fix Shillings the Pound, and
at Detroit 5 £ a hundred weight, and this fcarclty of
Provifions and expenfive Tranfportatlon will continue
fo long as the Detroit remains not properly fettled ;
the Encroachments of the French and Spaniards not
prevented ; the Frontiers of feveral Colony's not fecure
from the Attacks of the Savages, nor we have the full
Advantage of the Fur Trade but by Detroit being
made a ftrong Barrier to the Colonys & that Settlement
encouraged or the whole of the Miffiffippi in our
Hands ; which laft will bring all the Savages depend
ent on us for what they want ; for who ever imagines
the Savages of the interior Country will remain in
Peace and Friendffiip with us whilft the French &
Spaniards poffefs the Miffiffippi will find himfelf mlf-
taken'd — indeed the former has not been found per-
minent though very expenfive- — and the large Sum
lately given at the Congrefs at Fort Stanwix will ope
rate on the Six Nations & their Friends only. From
what has been faid of the Expenee in carrying on this
Trade, it appears the Method now pradif 'd is better
calculated to enrich the Battoe & Canoe Men than the
Merchants and is one of the Caufes fo many fail ; the
regulating this, with Juftice to both, feems to be abfo
lutely neceffary ; but the more Veffells are employed
in this Trade to more Advantage will It be carry'd on
as it may be done for half the now Expenee & always
with Safety againft the evil Defigns of any Savages.
Detroit is here mentioned as being the moft proper
Place for an Eftabliffiment & Barrier for the Reafon
20 that

146 General Bradftreet' s Statement.
that its Situation being moft proper & convenient
to raife Provifions, awe and attack fuch Savages as are
moft likely to be troublefome firft, to them divide and
keep them fo, to take up the French and Spanlffi
Traders that may come on our Side the Miffiffippi, for
it Is to little Purpofe to fend Troops to attack Savages
and take up People proteded by them from fo great Dif
tance as the Colonys are, to return in a few Months or
to depend on fmall Garnfons, be they ever fo well pofted.
It being out of their Power to do more than give Pro
tedlon to fuch as are within their Works ; and It Is as
bad Policy to fuffer the Encroachments above men-
tlon'd & the Savages to infult & murder without fur
ther Notice than giving them large Sums of Money in
Prefents to make Peace for a few Years, for which they
have always held us In Contempt & thereby encouraged
to commit frequent Depredations upon us to exad
Prefents from Time to Time to make it up. As the
Soil of the Detroit is as good as can be & plenty of It
ready for the Plow, Provifions would foon be plenty
& cheap there & the Navigation of the Lakes carry'd
on by the Inhabitants of that Place In Veffels at as
little Expenee as In this Province, which would be of
great advantage to the Trade, fecurlty to the Pofts as
well as leffning their Expenee — and without Veffels
neither one nor the other can be faid to be fafe & fecure
from falling into the Hands of the Savages.
Should the Trade be limited to particular Pofts It
would be of advantage to eftabliffi the Prices of the
Merchandife & Furrs with equal Advantage to both
Sides & to prevent Impofitlons too frequently pradiced
by the Traders ; and perhaps the way of doing It lefs
exceptionable to the Traders & Savages would be by two
Provincional Commiffarys of Abilities and Experience
from the Colony of New York &Quebec with the Indian Chiefs

General Bradftreet's Statement. 147
Chiefs in Prefence of the Officer commanding Pofts
and thofe Commiffary to refide at the Pofts, infped
the Trade & report from Time [to Time] every thing
neceffary and ffiould It appear reafonable the Traders
and Savages pay a Proportion towards the general
Security ofthe Interior Country, the following Dutys
may be laid by every Province conneded in the Trade,
viz : On Speritious Liquors is6d fterling a Gallon.
Powder, 6d do a Pound.
Strouds, 8j do a Piece.
Blankets, is do each.
Shirts, IS do each.
Silver Trinkets 5 p C on firft Coft,
which may amount to fix or feven thoufand Pounds
fterling per annum on this Province only.
Some Court of Juftice Is abfolutely neceffary to bring
Offenders to Juftice, oblige People to pay their Debts
and keep good Order, it being impoffible thofe Ends
can be anfwered by Provincial Laws fo diftant as the
Colonys are, did their Power extend fo far.
It is fubmitted. If the Defigns of our Ennemles to
draw the Savages In general on us would not be more
eafily prevented & with far lefs Expenee If undertaken
before any of them commence Hoftilltys againft us,
than it can be afterwards, and if any thing can be more
effedual to anfwer this Purpofe than the Savages feeing
foon at the Detroit a refpedable Force fix'd, the Pofts
above mentioned properly eftabliffied, themfelves dif-
united & proper Meafures taking there to raife fuffi
cient Provifions for the full Supply of the Interior
Country. They know if the Pofts are fupplied with
Provifions from the Colonys below In Boats only they
have it always in their Power to cut off the Supply &
even the Retreat of thofe Garrlfons, and on It they
chiefly

148 General Bradftreet's Statement.
chiefly depend for Succefs in taking them and driving
the Engliffi out ofthe interior Country. How fatal a
fudden & well tim'd Savage Eruption would prove
to the Engliffi Indian Traders & Frontier Inhabitants
of feveral Colonys melanchoUy Experience has made
it too well known to need being mentioned here, and
if the Interior Country is to remain In its prefent de-
fencelefs State all Laws & Regulations for the Benefit
of the Trade will be of no avail.
It would be prudent to oblige all the French &
Canadian People to remove from the Wabach, St. Jo
fephs, Michilimicanac & otherwife difperf 'd amongft
the Savages to the Settlement of Detroit to put an
End to the Tricks they play to our Difadvantage.
The Nations or Tribes of Savages furrounding the
great Lakes that have any Knowledge of the Engliffi
are at this Time in a Difpofition to live well with
them, refped them and beg for Trade & Veffels in
every Lake, hoping thereby that Goods will be cheaper
than it can be without them. They ftill love the
French to a great Degree and the French by the Mif
fiffippi and from the Illinois keep it up by extending
Trade to all Nations they can and fending Emiffarys
to propagate fuch Tales as turn moft to their Advan
tage & Prejudice to the Engliffi. Thefe Savages are
numerous, proud, delight in & pradlce War from a
political View, knowing that fuch as negled keeping
up that Spirit muft degenerate Into Effeminacy & be
come the Prey of fuch as do not. To infure a lafting
Peace, gain their Affedlons & wean them from the
French, ftrid Juftice, Moderation, fair Trade, with keep
ing them from frequent Intercourfe with each other, &
a refpedable Force at Detroit Is the way to obtain It,
unlefs their whole dependence for the Neceffarles of
Life depended upon the Engliffi, which will never be
the

General Bradftreet's Statement. 149
the cafe as long as the French can come up the Mif
fiffippi In Safety, Land & extend their Trade on our
Side with Impunity, the preventing of which will In the
Execution be found difficult as the Intereft of the
Savages is to fcreen & proted them, & It is faid to be
carried on by the French Eaft India Company.
It is abfolutely neceffary to make Choice for the
eftabllffiing Pofts for the Security of Trade, of fuch
Places as may be moft convenient for the Inhabitants
of each Lake to carry on their Trade with eafe to
themfelves, by which & their natural Lazlnefs will
feldom go to their Neighbors & without it they will
be difcontented.
At thefe Pofts Men of Senfe, Modiration & Spirit
ffiould Command, & each Detachment for the fmall
ones ffiould not be lefs than one hundred good Men.
Neagara & Detroit ffiould be more refpedable, the
former can not do with lefs than three Pofts upon the
Communication of fifty Men each and the latter muft
have as many to make good the Navigation to Lake
Huron, the Straits being too difficult for Veffells, fo
that Boats muft be employ'd for that Service and the
Officer commanding at Detroit ffiould always have It
in his Power to detach from his Garrifon three hun
dred good Men befides Militia to chaftife any Nation
or Band of Savages the Inftant they deferve It, as the
taking immediate Satlffadlon will make them refped
and fear us and prevent a general War, fo that Neagara
can not difpenfe with lefs than one Battalion on the
prefent Eftabliffiment & Detroit near two Battalions.
The Pofts neceffary for Lake Ontario are already
fix'd except Frontinac inftead of Fort Wm. Auguftus,^
the latter being ufelefs, the Navigation to it dangerous
^ About three Miles below the Mouth of the Ofwegatchie. See
Note 57, Page 58. and

150 General Bradftreet's Statement.
and attended with great delays, and the former an
excellent Harbour and from It foon Into the Lake.
For Lake Erie Detroit Is fufficient.
For Lake Huron Detroit and Michilimicanac.
For Lake Michigan Michilimicanac, the Bay & St.
Jofephs. For Lake Superior, Falls of St. Marys with two
other Pofts at the moft convenient Places, the Inhabit
ants being In that Quarter numerous, particularly In the
weftward of It.
Thefe Pofts of Michilimicanac, the Bay, St. Jofephs,
the Falls of St. Marys with the two other Pofts upon
the Banks of Lake Superior will take one Battalion,
which makes four from Neagara weftward.
All Pofts upon the Banks of the Lakes from Nea
gara upwards to be under the control of the Officer
commanding at Detroit and ffiould Government judge
it improper to eftabliffi a Civil Government there and
not encourage the Colony, ftill fome Court of Juftice
Is neceff'ry to the end Offenders, Inhabitants, Indians,
Indian Traders and others might be brought to Juftice
& puniffi'd by a Law that might prevent litigious Suits
& fatlsfy the Savages the ftrideft Juftice Is done them
at all Times.
The Savages have a contemptible Opinion of all
Indian Traders, It is therefore neceffary the Officer
commanding at the Pofts ffiould not Trade but Infped
into the Trade, prevent Abufe and bring Offenders to
that Juftice the Law may require ; by this they will be
refpeded & belov'd by the Savages & have it in their
Power to be of great Ufe when the Affiftance of the
latter may be wanted againft his Majeftys Enemies.
The Officers at all Pofts which the Savages frequent
ffiould be enabled to treat Particulars, fuch as Chiefs
and well affeded with a little Rum, fome Pipes &
Tobacco

General Bradftreet's Statement. 151
Tobacco, with Provifions In cafes of Neceffity ; they
have been accuftomed to much more by the French &
exped it from us, the Expenee Is a trifle but the Want
of that may be attended with bad Confequences ; for
Neagara and all trading Pofts above it twenty Pounds
fterling except Detroit, which ffiould be thirty Pounds
annually. The Goods to be furniffied the Savages ffiould be,
if poffible, as good as thofe they had from the French
before the redudion of Canada, fold to them at the
fame Prices or In that Proportion If not fo good, and
the fame Prices given for their Skins & Peltry — and
to enable us to carry on this Trade to. more Advan
tage & greater Safety than the French did, no Tranf
portatlon to be fuffer'd upon the Lakes but In Veffels
and Government to furniffi & keep up them Veffells,
the Trader paying Freight for his Goods at the Rate
of one half what it would coft him If tranfported in
Boats. This would overpay the Expenee of the Vef
fells for Trade and thofe neceffary for the public Service
and prevent drunken or evil minded Indians killing
and plundering the Traders, which can not be avoided
at Times, if the Tranfportatlon was carry'd on in
Boats. The Number of Veffells neceffary for the
Trade can not be fix'd, but by Time, but the fooner
there are two or three In the Lakes Huron & Michi
gan with two In Lake Superior the more pleafing It
will be to the Savages, as they will fee no Time Is loft
to put the Trade on an advantagious Footing for them.
The Execution of this I take to be of great Import
ance towards fixing the Inclinations of the Savages In
our Favor. The Savages ffiould not be debar'd Splr-
itlous Liquors ; It Is their darling Paffion, nay they
love It fo much they will facrlfice their all to obtain It
and will never live In Peace with us without It, butftill

152 General Bradftreet's Statement.
ftill the Quantity each Trader ffiould be permitted to
take with him ffiould be limited in the Proportion of
the Goods he takes and might extend to fifteen Pounds
in Splrltious Liquors to every hundred Pounds of
other Goods, paying a Duty, of two Shillings fterl. per
Gallon, which they can very well bear from the enor
mous Prices they fell It at.
The Savages are fubtlle & the French intreguing, it
therefore becomes dangerous to fuffer the former to
hord up a large Stock of Arms and Ammunition ; but
this can not be prevented ffiould every Trader have it
in his Power to carry with him what Quantity he may
judge proper; upon thefe Confiderations and that the
Proffits arlfing from the Sail & Returns would go a
great way towards defraying the public Expenee for
the Protedlon of Trade, would It not be beft In the
Hands of Government under the Care of a Commiffary
fubjed to the Control of the Commanding Officer of
each Poft with Inftrudlons as to the Quantity to be
difpofed of annually. The Honor of Government
will require thefe Articles to be good and the Prices
ffiould be eftabliffied, and
Here I muft notice that from the Government of
Pennfylvania all the Shavanes and Delaware Indians
are furnlffi'd with Rifle Barrel Guns of an excellent
Kind and that the Upper Nations are getting into them
faft by which they will be much lefs dependent upon us
on account ofthe great faving of Powder by thofe Guns,
as it certainly diminiffies the Demand of fuch as have
them more than Half, and In their way of carrying on
War by far more prejudicial to us than any other Sort
of Gun ; would it not be a public Benefit to ftop the
making and vending any more of them throughout the
Colonys and prevent the Importation of any into the
Colonies. Should

General Bradftreet's Statement. 153
Should Government judge it neceffary to take the
fupplying the Savages with Arms and Ammunition
into their own Hands ; for the upper Lakes a Public
Magazine will be neceffary at Detroit under proper
Officers to receive & fend forward to the other Pofts,
as likewife to receive the Remittences back ; and the
Commiffary of the Outpofts ffiould account annually
with thofe of Detroit, fubjed to the Infpedion of the
Governor or Officer commanding there.
Should New York be thought a proper Channel for
the Conveyance up the Country, a Commiffary ffiould
be there and one at Albany ; but if on the contrary
Canada ffiould be thought beft, Quebec & Montreal
are proper Places for Offices for this Service.
Of all the Savages upon the Continent, the moft
knowing, the moft intreguing, the lefs ufeful & the
greateft Villains are thofe moft converfant with the
Europeans and deferve the Attention of Government
moft by way of Corredlon, and thefe are the Six Na
tions, Shawanes & Delawares ; they are well acquainted
with the defencelefs State of the Inhabitants who live
on the Frontiers and think they will ever have it in
their Power to diftrefs & Plunder them ; and never
ceafe raifing the Jealoufy of the Upper Nations againft
us by propagating amongft them fuch Stories as make
them believe the Engliffi have nothing fo much at
Heart as the Extirpation of all Savages. The appa
rent Defign of the Six Nations is to keep us at War
with all Savages but themfelves that they may be era
ployed as Mediators between us & them at a Continua
tion of an Expenfe to the Public too often & too
heavily felt, the Sweets of which they will never forget
nor loofe Sight of if they can poffibly avoid It. That
of the Shawanes & Delawares Is to live on killing, cap
tivating and plundering the People inhabiting the
21 Frontiers,

154 General Bradftreet's Statement.
Frontiers, long Experience having ffiown them they
grow richer & live better thereby than by hunting wild
Beafts. This Campaign has fully opened the Eyes of the
Upper Nations of Indians ; they are now fenfible they
are made ufe of as the Dupes & Tools of thefe deteft-
able & diabolical Set, the Six Nations, Shawanes &
Delawares, and It would require but little Addrefs &
Expenee (the Pofts and Trade properly fix'd) to en
gage them to cut them from the Face of the Earth
(and they deferve it) or to keep the Six Nations in
fuch Subjedlon as would put an End to our being any
longer a kind of Tributary to them ; and their real
Intereft call upon them to diftroy or drive the Shawanes
& Delawares out of the Country they now poffefs on
account of Hunting ; this they know and would foon
put either In Execution if affured his Majefty would not
fuffer any other Savages to live there. Happy will It
be when Savages can be puniffi'd by Savages, the good
Effeds of which the French can tell. That we can
punlffi them is beyond Doubt whenever Wifdom, Se
crecy, Difpatch & good Troops in Numbers propor
tionate to the Service are employ'd.
The Pafs of Neagara is of great Importance & will
always be an Expenee to Govern'. The principal
Part of the Trade, If the Tranfportatlon Is carry'd on
In Veffells will pafs that way & from Its Proximity to
the Genefeo Indians, a Part of the Six Nations & the
greateft Savage Enemies we have, it will be difficult if
not impradlcable for fome Time to come, for private
Perfons to keep up Boats & Carriage fo well but that
the Trade will meet with Delays ; It would therefore
be more fafe & parmanent In the Hands of Govern
ment who only can make Tranfportatlon certain and
by the Traders paying a reafonable Price for the Car-
,,..., riage

General Bradftreet's Statement. 155
riage for their Goods, &c., there will be no ftop and
the public Service carry'd on there without Expenee.
This Campaign upon the Lakes has alfo laid open
the Hearts of the Six Nations and a black one It will
appear for us If Gen' Gage has fent the Papers refped-
ing them to his Majeftys MInlfters, to which I hope
he has tack'd the immenfe Expenee they have been at
to Government this Year exclufive of Provifions,
which is Immenfe alfo. It will alfo been feen by them
Papers that the Upper Nations of Indians know that
we are fully acquainted with the Tricks the Six Na
tions play us and I believe they do exped to hear that
that Part of them call'd Genefeo Indians get their de-
ferts foon.
The French accuftom'd the Savages of the upper
Lakes & Rivers to fend Traders with Goods to Winter
amongft them for which Permit the Trader paid a cer
tain Price each Time; I believe the Indians will exped
it will be fo again ; ffiould Government think proper
to grant it then the Trader can very well pay thirty
Pounds fterling for each large Canoe fo permitted,
which will make a confiderable Sum annually ; the
Paff to be given at Detroit only to prevent Fraud.
I am affur'd by Perfons lately from the Illinois that
exclufive of the French Garrlfons there, the Inhabit
ants are 600 fighting Men, have 1000 Negroes well
accuftom'd to the Ufe of fmall Arms, averfe to our
taking Poffeffion of the Country & have painted us
out In fuch Colours to the numerous Savages near
them that they, the latter, will certainly endeavour to
prevent the Troops getting there by the Miffiffippi
even ffiould the Indians nearer the Sea allow them to
pafs, which they think they will not, unlefs well paid
for it, which will not anfwer what may perhaps be ex
peded. They add, that it is their Opinion alfo, that all

156 General Bradftreet's Statement.
all Attempts to get Poffeffion ofthe Illinoes with lefs
than 3000 good Men will fail, and that thofe Troops
ffiould go down the Ohio River & the Expedition
carry'd on with fuch Secrecy that they may enter the
Miffiffippi 90 Miles below Fort Charters before the
Inhabitants can have Intelligence of it & Time to ap-
prlfe all the Savages.
I am convinced the only way to eftabliffi ourfelves
amongft the Savages with Refped & Safety is to begin
by coming upon them by ways unfrequented, undif-
covered and with fuch Force as ffiall make fuch an
Impreffion as ffiall be lafting, and if a Body of Troops
ffiould be fent to take Poffeffion of the Illinoes thofe
Troops ffiould vlfite all the principal Nations of
Indians upon the Banks of y^ Miffiffippi as near
the Sea as they live and endeavour to enter into an
Alliance with all they can and purchafe their Aid to
make War upon thofe that remain ftubborn to bring
them to Reafon & open a free Paffage up the River-
The ffiorteft way to carry this into Execution is by
Fort Pitt, provided the Troops are not to come from
Canada, but if any comes from thence the beft way
is by Neagara to Prefque Ifle upon Lake Erie.
The Colony of Detroit grows faft and the Inhabit
ants have great Influence over the Savages ; the re
moving them would occafion a general War with the
Indians, and to leave them as they now are will take a
great length of Time before they become proper Brit-
iffi Subjeds ; it is therefore humbly fubmitted if it
would not be beft to permit & encourage Britifti Sub
jeds to fettle there as the Increafe of the latter would
be fb great In a few Years that they muft foon become
one People by Marriages, &c.
The Spirit for fettling the Kings Subjeds there ftiew
itfelf fully by a Memorial of fixty Officers ferving in
the

General Bradftreet' s Statement. 157
upper Lakes in this Campaign, praying his Majefty
would be gracioufly pleaf'd to permit them to fettle
639 Farms at their own Expenee, with fuch Marks
ofthe Kings Royal Favour as his Majefty may think
proper. On receiving General Gages Orders to continue the
War againft the Shawanes & Delawares I demanded
the Affiftance of his Majeftys new Subjeds, the Otta
was, Chepewas, Hurons, Sakes & Potawatames ; four
Parties Immediately went againft them. One returned
with one Scalp which is fufficient for the whole to carry
on & continue the War unleff prevented by bad Man
agement by us.
Albany, 7th Dec'^ 1764.

PAPERS

RELATING TO THE

Indian Wars of 1763 and 1764,

AND THE

CONSPIRACY OF PONTIAC.

INTRODUCTION.
'T^HE Correfpondence of Military Officers and
-*- others charged with Duties relating to Indian
Affairs, during the Wars of Pontiac, neceffarily
embodies a large Amount of Information concerning
the Caufes which led to Hoftilities, the Alarms which
thofe occafioned, the Meafures that were taken to
fupprefs them, and the Opinions that were entertained
as to the Changes neceffary to prevent their Continu
ance or Recurrence. Thefe Letters place before us in
vivid Colours, the Condition of the Country, its Re
fources and its Wants, and narrate, without Ornament,
the fimple Fads which their Writers wiffied to com
municate. A Portion of thefe Papers are copied from
the Bradftreet and Amherft Manufcripts, and moft of
the Remainder from the Manufcripts of Sir William
Johnfon, In the State Library. In making the Seledion
we have avoided as much as poffible Including thofe
ever before printed. F. B. H.

PAPERS

RELATING TO THE

Indian Wars of 1763 and 1764.

Letter from Gen. Amherft to Col. Bradftreet.
[Bradftreet and Amherft MSS, p. 132.]
NewYork, 22*^ June, 1763.
I R : Your Exprefs arrived here laft
Night and delivered me your Let
ter ofthe 1 9*^^ with thofe Enclofed;
the Anfwers to which I now tranf^
mit you, that you may forward
them by the firft fafe Opportunity
that offers.
You do very right to be prepared
for puffiing up Provifions to Fort Stanwix, which I
would have you do tho' I am in Hope we ffiall have
ample Supplys for the Upper Pofts from Fort Wm.
Auguftus. I fend Orders to Captain Wineprefs to march with
his Company to Fort Ontario, as I now order about
^ ^ forty

164 Papers Relating to the
forty Men of the 42d & 77th Regiments, who are fit
for Garrifon Duty to Albany, where they will remain
under the Command of a Captain ofthe 77*'' Reg* who
will fucceed Capt. Winneprefs in the Command of the
Garrifon. There is likewife a Subaltern of the 77th,
with a Lieut: and three Serjeants ofthe Independents.
Major Gladwin writes me ofthe 14th May, that the
Detroit was Invefted by a large Body of Indians ;
but that the Garrifon were in high Spirits & he was in
Hopes of being able to defend the Place untill he re
ceived fome Succour from Niagara, & Major Wilkins
acquaints me he had Immediately on the Arrival of the
Schooner from the Detroit, fent off a Reinforcement
of fifty Men with a Lieutenant and non-commlffioned
Officers, which I truft will have arrived in Time to
fave the Place.
I well know that you are always ready, however I
think It neceffary to acquaint you to be ready for mov
ing at a moments Warning, as if the Savages are not
f quickly reduced I believe I ffiall employ you on a
Command, which, I am certain will be agreeable to
you. I am, Sir,
Your moft obedient Servant,

Col. Bradftreet, D. Q. M. G.
P. S. Since I wrote the foregoing Mr. Leake has
deliver'd

Indian Wars o/" 1763 and 1764. 165
deliver'd me a Return of the Provifions, which, by the
laft Returns, were at Fort Wm. Auguftus, Ofwego &
Niagara, &c., of which I enclofe you a Copy, whereby
you will fee, that the Quantities at thefe Pofts are very
confiderable. J. A.
With Major Duncan's Letter I received one from
Major Wilkins to Captain Dalyell, which miffed him
by the Way, of the 3d Inftant : Nothing new then at
Niagara ; but one of the Men that were miffing, found,
as I feared, dead & fcalped, near the Fort above the
Falls. Altho' none of the Letters require Anfwers at pre
fent, I think it beft to order the Poft to return ; and
I have direded Mr. Colden to order the Rider, to
make more hafte than they have lately done and to be
more ready to fet out from Albany, as the Service may
require them, without waiting for any fixed Time.
Before I received your Letter I had apply'd to the
Lt. Governor (finding that my Endeavors to accom
modate Matters with the Perfons employed by the
Elders & Deacons had no Effed, altho' I had fpoke
particularly to the Chief Juftice for that Purpofe) to
give the neceffary Diredlons to the Attorney-General,
not onlv to defend your Suit, but to profecute the
Corporation of Albany, for pulling down his Majeftys
Fence, &c. I am. Sir,
Your moft obedient Servant,
Jeff. Amherst.
Col. Braadftreet,
D. Q. M. G. Albany. P. S.
P. S. I this Moment receive a Petition from one
Crifp, which I enclofe that you may be fo good to give
an Anfwer. I imagine that his Claim is not juft or it
would have been paid. J. A. New

1 66 Papers Relating to the
New York, 20* July, 1763.
Sir :
THE Poft came in laft Night with your Letter of
the 15th Inftant, and brought me likewife Let
ters from Major Duncan & Captain Loring, advifing
me of the latters Arrival at Fort Ontario, on the 5th,
with the Sailors, and that he had fitted out the Johnfon
Snow, ready to proceed to Fort Wm. Auguftus for
Provifions. Himfelf & the reft of the Seamen were to
fail in the Schooner to Niagara.
The Same to the Same.
[Bradftreet and Amherft MSS., p. 134.]
New York, 7'*^ Auguft, 1763.
Sir :
LAST Night I received your Letter of the ift In
ftant.
You did very right to furniffi Sir William Johnfon
with what Provifions he required, for the Ufe oi the
Indians. I have no Objedon to your fending two or three
Oxen, at a Time, to Fort Stanwix, for the Ufe of that
Garrifon, as you fay you can fupply them cheaper than
they can be got from New England. Lt. Colonel
Campbell muft take Care that there is a particular
Account kept of what is iffued, according to Orders,
as there is no Commiffary from the Crown at that
Poft, the Contradors Commiffary will be only to be
paid for the Flour ; unlefs you fell the Cattle to the
Contradors. The

Indian Wars of ij6i and 1764. 167
The Daftardly Behaviour of the Batteau Men is
particularly unlucky at this Time ; for I have been
impatiently waiting to hear of the Arrival of the En
gineers Stores at Ofwego : I hope when you fent them
back, they have proceeded with all Imaginable Expedi
tion. I am. Sir,
Your moft obedient Servant,
Jeff. Amherst.
Col. Bradftreet.

The Same to the Same.
[Bradftreet and Amherft MSS., p. 135.]
NewYork, iS* Septbr, 1763.
Sir :
IAM to own your Letter of the 12th Inftant and I
approve of your having fupplyed Sir William
Johnfon the Provifions you mention as he expeded to
have a Conference at his Hgufe with the Six Nation
Indians. Any Bedding that may be wanted hereafter for the
Garrlfons I can fupply from hence, as there is a great
Quantity now in Store, which came from Martinique
and the Havana, but what you have forwarded to Of
wego, will be fo much the nearer for being fent to the
Detroit, &c. I am. Sir,
Your moft obedient Servant,
Jeff. Amherst.
Col. Bradftreet,
D. Q. M. G.

1 68 Papers Relating to the
The Same to the Same.
[Bradftreet and Amherft MSS., p. 136.]
New York, 24''' September, 1763.
Sir :
IAM to own Your Letter of the loth Inftant; I
have not yet come to the Determination with re
gard to the fmall Pofts on the Communication to
Fort George : I can keep one Man only in each of
them, which I will contrive to do, to continue the
Poffeffion ; but you may fend a Proportion of Candles
for the Garrlfons of Crown Point, TIconderoga, Fort
George & Fort Edward ; the three laft will have one
Company in each ; and there will be four Companys
at Crown Point.
I enclofe you a Copy of Publick Orders, which have
been given here, & which I fend now to all the Pofts,
for making Stoppages to all the Provifions that may
be iffued to the Troops, in purfuance of Diredlons I
have received from the Lords of the Treafury : It has
already taken place In Canada, and I have ordered the
Stoppages to commence at Albany, the Dependent
Pofts & the Communication to Fort George inclu-
fively on the ift Odober, for Crown Point & TIcon
deroga are to be garrifoned by Troops from Canada.
The Orders are to be made publick at all the other
Pofts ; but I have thought proper to continue an
Allowance to the Troops at Fort Stanwix & the de
pendent Pofts & to the feveral Garrlfons above, as I
think it would be hard to put them to Stoppages until
the Indian War Is entirely quelled & that they are on
the fame Footing with the other Troops : This
Regulation does not affed the Provincials who muft be

Indian Wars of lyb-i^ and 1764. 169
be fubfifted, as ufual, untill the Service will permit
them to be fent to their refpedive Homes.
I enclofe you a Packett addreffed to Lt. Colonel
Elliott, containing Difpatches for Canada, which you
will forward by one of your People, on purpofe, to
Crown Point ; fending at the fame Time the Letters
to the commanding Officers at Fort Edward & Fort
George. When the Companys from Canada arrive at
Crown Point & TIconderoga, Lt. Colonel Elliott,
with the Men ofthe 55th (Leaving compleat Compa
nys at Fort George & Fort Edward), will move down
to Albany, where he will remain till further Orders.
I am. Sir,
Your moft obedient Servant,
Jeff, Amherst.
Colonel Bradftreet,
D. Q. M. G., Albany.

The Same to the Same.
New York, 28 Septb., 1763.
Sir :
A VESSEL having arrived here with the Cloath
ing for the feveral Reg'^ in this Country, I am
fending that for the Corps above as faft as poffible to
Albany, that no Time may be loft In forwarding it be
fore the Winter fets in. One Sloop is already loaded
& will fail to morrow Morning : Enfign Crofthwaite,
who is going to Albany, has the Care of the Cloath
ing in her & will deliver you the Bill of Lading ; fo
that you will order the Cloathing to be landed & put
into the Store at Albany, fending the enclofed Letter
to Fort Stanwix & Crown Point, as I have direded
the Commanding Officers at thofe Pofts to fend Qr.
23 Mafters

170 Papers Relating to the
Mafters & proper Partys to condud the Cloathing to
their refpedive Pofts ; the 17th, 46th & 80th to Fort
Stanwix ; from whence the two former will be for
warded to Ofwego, for which I write to Major Duncan;
and from thence to Niagara, &c., and the Cloathing for
the other Corps muft be fent with the Party that comes
from Crown Point. Two other Sloops will take the
Whole from hence ; and you will pay the Hire at the
ufual Rate & according to what you may think juft &
reafonable. Swits's Sloop, which fails to-morrow, has
got many other Things, I am told, on board ; fo that
he ought to be paid accordingly ; and I ffiall tranfmit
you Bills of Lading of the others when they are loaded.
I am. Sir,
Your moft obedient Servant,
Jeff. Amherst.
Colonel Bradftreet,
D. Q. M. G. Albany.

Letter from Alexander Duncan to Sir Wm. Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, vii.]
Fort Ontario, ift Odob., 1763.
Sir :
AFEW Days ago I was favored with your Letter
of the 17th ultimo and vefterday that of the 26th
reached my Hands.
I have forwarded your Letter to Major Moncrieff,
from whom I have received a Letter dated 26th ultimo
at Niagara in which he informs, that they were then
preparing to fet out for Detroit, but that they were
obliged to carry the Provifions over the Portage on
Men's Shoulders and that it would be the 5th or 6th
Odober

Indian Wars of ijGt^ and 1764. 171
Odober before they would be able to fed out. I have
fent fixteen Oxen which are with them before now,
there is likewife a Reinforcement of 260 Men that I
reckon have got to Niagara this Day, thefe I hope
will enable Major Wilkins to fed out fooner and
ftronger than he expeded ; the whole are under his
Command I Imagine will exceed 600 Men, they go in
Battoes & carry fo much Provifions as they can.
You will no doubt have beared that the Savages at
tacked the Schooner going up the River to Detroit on
the 3d ultimo, the Mafter ofthe Veffel & one Seaman
were killed & three others wounded, but the Savages
were beat off; they had once got upon the Bowfprit
and have hacked and cut the Veffel a great dale on the
Bows & under the Stern ; there was only twelve Men
on board the Schooner at the beginning of the Affair,
three of whom were fick. The Indians acknowledge
to have left eight Men & many wounded & by fome
of their Canoes overfetting have loft fixty Stand of
Arms. Several Canoes have lately arrived here from Canada
with Paffports (to go to Detroit with Ammunition &
Indian Goods) from General Gage ; I have taken the
Paffes from the Traders & fecured the Ammunition &
Goods In the Fort. The People in thefe Canoes in
form me that feveral Traders have got Paffports to go
up Grand Riviere and that one Canoe Is gone to
Toronto. I have informed Lt. Col. Browning ofthe
latter, that he may fend a Party & bring away the
Traders from Toronto. Here follows a Copy of the
Preamble to one of thefe Paffports.
" By the Hon**'^ Genl. Gage, &c., &c. Whereas
" Meffrs. Wells & Wade have reprefented to me, that
" it is probable that the Savages are difperfed from
" about Detroit, and therefore demand Permiffion to
fend

172 Papers Relating to the
" fend a Canoe there under fuch Regulations as I ffiall
" think neceffary to be given."
It Is not eafy to account for Mr. Gages Condud on
this Occafion, but I have fend Copys of all the Paffports
that have fallen into my Hands to Sir Jeffrey Amherft,
let thofe two Gentlemen fettle that Affair. Six Canoes
came here five of which were loaded, the other had put
their Loading on board the Sloop at Fort William
Auguftus and they have no lefs than 75 Barrels of
Gunpowder befides, &c.
Every thing continues quiet here.
I am. Sir,
Your moft obedient humble Servant,

^

^tyc^^ <r dy^^^:?^

To Sir William Johnfon.
Letter from General Amherft to Colonel Bradftreet.
New York, ift Odober, 1763.
Sir :
AS the laft Sloop with the Cloathing is not yet
failed I take the Opportunity of fending this by
her (as ffie may reach Albany before the Poft) to ac
knowledge your Letters of the 25th & 26th Septem
ber by Captain Sowers ; and to approve entirely of your
Readinefs in forwarding the Oxen, Carts, &c. for
Niagara : Your getting the Tyers, &c. made at Albany
has likewife my Approbation ; and as they muft be in
want of Provender for the Cattle during the Winter,
they not having had an Opportunity to make any Hay, I

Indian Wars of lyb^, and 1764. 173
I ffiould be glad you could forward to Niagara a Suffi
ciency of Corn, which you tell me you can do.
In a late Letter to Lt. Colonel Elliot I direded him
to fend down the Remainder of the Detachment of the
17th Regiment, Immediately on the Arrival of the
Companys from Montreal, which I conclude he will
have done ; and that Captain Morris will have pro
ceeded to Fort Stanwix; but ffiould Captain Morris
with that Detachment be at Albany on Receipt hereof
or arrive afterwards you will acquaint him that it Is my
Orders he proceeds, without Delay, to Fort Stanwix ;
as Lt. Colonel Campbell has at Prefent rather too thin
a Garrifon ; efpecially as, from the Accounts I have
received of the late Affair on the Carrying Place at
Niagara, there is Reafon to fufped that the Body of
Savages who cut off our Convoy were moftly Senecas.
I hope the other Five Nations are not privy to this
Affair ; altho' it is hard to fay who are our Friends or
Foes. The whole Race of Savages feem to be, more
or lefs, concerned in this treacherous Infurredion.
I am. Sir,
Your moft obedient Servant, Jeff. Amherst.
Colonel Bradftreet,
D. Q. M. G.

Letter from Capt. Daniel Claus to Sir Wm. Johnfon.
Montreal, ift Odob., 1763.
Hon. Sir :
I HOPE mine of the 23d ultimo, by C^pt. Brown,
came fafe to Hand, fince which I had a Deputation
from the Miffifageys living about Toronto; their
Meffage confifted of a large String and a Belt of about 2000

174 Papers Relating to the
2000 Wampum, by the former they expreffed their
great Concern on ace' of the prefent unhappy Dlfturb-
ances about Detroit, &c., and that they abhorred and
detefted It and therefore had fince the Beginning kept
out of the way In the Environs of Cataracqui, that at
the fame Time they were thereby reduced to the great
eft Diftrefs for want of their Neceffarles being brought
among them, and therefore requefted & Implored the
General to let y'= Trader La Farge alias Tawanlawe the
Swegachle Interpreter, who ufed to fupply them here
tofore with Neceffarles come to their Village this Seafon
that they might not be prevented from this Winters
Hunt for want of Ammunition, &c.  the Belt.
Genl. Gage without Hefitatlon replied them that as
to their Profeffions he could or would not fo far doubt
them, tho' he was fure of fome Canoes having been
purfued by MIffifagey Ind^ and when overtaken &
found they were French were told that they took to
be Englifh whom they lay In wait for. However be
that as it would he ffiould not give them an Anfwer
upon their Meffage, that If they wanted to exculpate
themfelves they muft addrefs themfelves to you as
the principal Perfon of their Affairs who only had the
Power from the King to hear & fettle fuch Matters &
as to fending a Perfon to trade among them he would
never agree to it, neither was it in his Power, and fo
fent them away. They were 3 in Number and had
with them a Pany who deferted from hence when this
Place was taken and being found out by his Mafter
was taken from them by him upon the Gen'^ Order
and put into the Provofts. A Frenchman that came
from Niagara this Sumer informed the General that he
was purfued by f'' Pany and coming up to him with
his Knife In his Hand told him that If he was an Eng-
llffiman would loofe his Life. I

Indian Wars 0/^1763 and 1764. 175
I afterward examln'd the Frenchman, whether any
of thefe Ind^ were In Company with the Pany but he
was fure they were not.
I then fpoke to them in my Room, and made them
as much fenfible as I could of the heinous Behaviour
of thofe Nations that occafioned the prefent Difturb-
ances, and that they muft attribute every Inconven-
iency they now labored under to them only, and endure
it till fuch a Time as proper Satlffadlon was given for
their vile & inconfiderate Adions, etc.
I had their Arms mended for them and gave them
a little Ammunition, Tobacco & Rum and difraiffed
them, tho' they expeded fome Cloathing, being in a
Manner naked ; I alfo gave them a Paffport to go
your way in cafe their Nation would fend them.
I impatiently wait for the Return of the Caghnawa-
geys as well on account of knowing the Determination
of the 6 Nations who I hear had a numerous Con
grefs at your Houfe, as my Deftination for the enfuing
Winter. This goes by Maj'' Abercrombie who I hear is to be
one Genl. Amherft's Family.
I am, with the greateft Refped and Compliments to
the Family, Hon. Sir,
Your moft dutyfull
and obedient Serv.

To the Hon"^ Sir William Johnfon, Bart.
I beg leave to trouble you with the enclofure. Letter

176 Papers Relating to the
Letterfrom Maj. Robert Rogers to Sir Wm. Johnfon.
Detroit, Odober 7th, 1763.
Sir :
MAJOR Gladwin has told me that he will enclofe
you all the Proceedings at this Place fince the
Date of my laft Letter, as alfo every particular Ac
count concerning the Indian War, the firft beginning,
&c. For thefe Reafons and as I think it would come more
corred from him than from me, I defer mentioning
any other Particulars relative to our Condition at this
Place. McCormick will deliver you this Letter, he has a
Bill on Col. Croghan. I ffiould be obliged to you if
you would gett him the Money, for it would ferve
me greatly to make my Payments fpeedily.
Aaron the Mohawk Indian came into the Fort this
Day, Daniel and Jacob is alfo in this Garrifon but I
have not any Intelligence from them but what Major
Gladwin will communicate, tho' I foon ffiall & fome
that they tell me & no man ffiall at this Place know
but myfelf, but you ffiall have it In full from me,
and one of the Indians you fent up will convey the
faid Account, the other four is now In Sandufky where
there Is a grand Council, but will return In a day or
two ; the Schooner fails diredly, therefore I can not
fend to you their private Information, but furely will
do it by themfelves the firft Opportunity.
There is about one thoufand Indians In this Settle
ment at prefent waiting for fome Troops that Is coming
up ; I wiffi they may not get a Flogging.
I beg you'll be fo kind as to inform Mrs. Rogers If
there is any likelyhood of my coming down this Fall, for

Indian Wars of ij6t^ and 1 764. i jy
for my Part I know nothing of the Difpofition for
this Place at prefent, neither does Major Gladwin.
I am Sir, Your moft obedi^
Humble Servant.

To Sir William Johnfon.

The Same to the Same.
Detroit, Odob, 7th, 1763.
Sir :
SINCE I wrote my Letter, Aaron the Mohawk has
come In and tells me that he was in the Council
yefterday and that all the Nations here he fays the
Indian War begun through the Five Nations and that
fince the Belt came here that Aaron fays he told you
was brought by one Indian laft Fall, that a fecond
Belt came laft March and told the Indians to begin,
and with that a Tomahawk was delivered and the In
dians that brought this Belt from the Five Nations
told and affur'd the Indians that they would begin at
the Time the Corn was planted. The five Nations
was to ftrike from Niagara to Schenedady and the
Taways and other Nations to take the upper Pofts on
the Lakes, that the Senecas and Cahugees were the
People that fent this Meffage and further told them
that they would meet them at the WIndotes town early
this Spring. 24 Aaron

178 Papers Relating to the
Aaron tells me that the Hurons were obliged to
ftrike the Engliffi as they were threatened by the
Toways and other Nations and that the Toways now
tells the Hurons If they attempt to make Peace with
out their Confent or Advice they will diredly deftroy
them, and that If they attempt to come to the Fort
they will be confidered by them as Engllffimen.
Aaron fays that they have feen our Troops that are
coming from Niagara at the Long Point on the north
Shore, and that all the Savages here are determined to
attack them at Point a Plee.
Aaron fays he will lett you know further foon and
what he has told you now you may depend upon Is
true, that the Hurons defire that you may know that the
Taways and other Nations on the Lake are now their
Mafters, their Numbers being fo fmall they can't help
themfelves, they are going to the Huron River about
thirty Miles from this Fort, where they intend to
winter, and the Taways are refolv'd to winter at
Mlame River, the other four Indians that came up
with Aaron are gone to Sanduflcy.
I am. Sir,
Your moft humble Servant,
Robert Rogers.
Endorfed. Wrote to Jn Glen, Efqr. for 15 Barrels
Pork & Flour In Proportion, 5 to be fent to Cherry
Valley, 5 to Conradt Franks, 5 to Caghnawagey.
Memorandum. 10 Pr Strouds, 6 do. Aurora, 6 do.
Blankets, 540 Shirts; 12 ps Stocking Stuff, 108 lb.
Vermillion, 719 lb. Verdlgreafe, 100 Pipe watches, 8
Groce of Knives, 20 Yds Ribbon, 6 ps Silk handker
chiefs, II groce Rings, 10 lbs Beeds.

Indian Wars of ij6t, and 1764. 179
Letter from Sir William Johnfon to Colonel Eyre.
Johnson Hall, Odbr 13th, 1763.
Dear Sir :
IAM to thank you for your Favor of the 3d Inft.,
altho' the Want ofthe Packet, as you obferved, mufl
prevent your having any material News. I moft
heartily wiffi whenever It arrives It may bring the News
of their being perfedly acquainted In England with
the Commencement of our Indian War, as without
that they will be unable to take any proper Meafures
& the firft News which was fent Home In June poffi
bly did not appear very interefting.
About 2 Days ago I had an Account that a con
fiderable Body of Indians are affembling at the Suf-
quehana with Defign to deftroy this Country from
Schenedady upwards, or elfe to fall upon Efopus or
Shamokin, &c. Both the former I look upon to be
in their Power & therefore believe It is probable they
will put one of them in Execution ; for my part I
can not fee what will prevent their Succefs, as you
know the Nature of the Country People fufficlently to
fuppofe they can not be kept In a Body for any Time,
but muft follow their feveral Occupations, fo that I
have only to rely on the Hopes of fome previous In
telligence & on the prefent favorable Difpofition of all
the Nations (except Senecas) many of whom are ready
and defirous to join our Troops, but how long they
may continue in this Difpofition Is uncertain, as the
great Succefs of our Enemys & the fmall Oppofitlon
they have hitherto met with renders our Friends very
apprehenfive of their Refentment from their daily
Threats and may occafion their Defed°, efpecially as
we are not able to give any neceffary Succour which
might

i8o Papers Relating to the
might enable them to withftand our Enemins. I have
from feveral Hands the Particulars of our unlucky
Affair at Niagara by which it appears that our Troops
were attacked In fuch a difadvantaglous Situation that
they were hurried down the fteep Cliffs near La Platon
unable to make any Refiftance & moft of them per
lffied, many of them were found ftlcking in the Forks
of Trees ; the Senecas of Chenefeo (who were the Prin
cipals In this Affair) have not brought in any Scalps,
with only one Man wounded on their Side. This Is
particularly unlucky at this Time and I fear will be
followed by more fuch blows If the greateft Care be
not taken.
I ffiall exped when any thing occurs that you will
let me have the Pleafure of hearing from you, as
I am, with Sincerity, &c.
Col. Eyre.

Letter from Sir Wm. Johnfon to Lieut. Gov. Colden.
Johnson Hall, Odob. 13th, 1763.
Dear Sir :
IHAVE juft received an Account, that a confider
able Body of Indians from towards the Ohio & the
Seneca Country are affembling on the Sufquehanna
and that they are deftined to fall either on Shamokin,
Efopus, or to deftroy the Mohawk River Settlements
from Schenedady upwards, the firft of thefe Places is
capable of making a Defence, but I can fee little to
prevent their Succefs againft the two latter, particularly
in thefe Parts from the fad State of the Militia and
the great Want of Ammunition, &c.
I have acquainted Col. Hardenbergh of the Danger of

Indian Wars o/' 1763 and 1764. 181
of the Settlement of Efopus and as I have no doubt
that one of thefe Defigns will be put In Immediate
Execution, muft beg the Favour of hearing from you
thereon as alfo of your Anfwer to mine ofthe loth of
Aug. laft concerning the Vacancies & Additions necef
fary for this Regiment.
in the mean Time I ffiall take every effedual
Meafure for the obtaining the neceffary Intelligence
on which the Safety of this important Frontier muft
chiefly depend, and on Warning of the Enemy's Ap
proach ffiall make the beft Difpofition the Nature of
the Country will admit of.
The many Succeffes of our Enemies, together with
their large Number, may prove of dangerous Confe
quence by influencing our Friends to joyn them thro'
fear of their Power, Vicinity & Refentment, efpecially
as we are not able to afford them the Affiftance which
Allies ffiould require, but I ffiall continue to ufe all
my Endeavors to prevent a Defedlon, which as Mat
ters now ftand muft prove the Deftrudlon of this
Country as well as to cut off fo effentlal a Communi
cation to the Lakes.
I hope to have the Pleafure of your Anfwer and
I am with great fincerity
& Efteem, &c.
Lt. Governor Colden.

Letter from Gen. Amherft to Lieut. Gov. Colden.
New York, 15th Odober, 1763.
Sir :
IN a Letter I have this Moment received from Sir
William Johnfon of the 6th Inftant, among other
Intelligence concerning the bad Intentions of the In
dians

1 8 2 Papers Relating to the
dians, he fays he has learnt, "that the Senecas & De-
" lawares were now daily marching to Kaghraandote on
" the Sufquehana, a Place appointed for their Ren-
" dezvous ; that when all were affembled their Leader,
" ^aghquoandax, would then agree to fall on one of
" the following Places, namely, Shamokin, Efopus or
"Cherry Valley; and the Mohawk River from Sche-
" nedady upwards." I therefore think It highly ne
ceffary to give you this Notice, that you may take
proper Steps for putting the Militia on their Guard as
it is abfolutely Impoffible for me to fpare one Man from
the Pofts above ; for I have puffied on every Man I
could fpare to Niagara & the Detroit ; and you know
I have none below. Sir William Johnfon, I doubt
not, will take every Precaution in his Power for pro-
tedlng the Settlements on the Mohawk River. But
the Inhabitants everywhere on the Frontiers can not
be too much on their Guard & indeed the only thing
they have to do is to be unanimous In repelling by
Force any Attemps that may be made by the Savages.
I am with great Regard,
Sir, Your moft obedient.
Humble Servant,
Jeff. Amherst.
Hon^^i Lt. Governor Colden.

Letterfrom David Vanderheyden to Sir Wm. Johnfon.
Sir :
IAM this Moment inform'd by Robert Lanfingh,
who came laft Night from the Groote Imbogi^ that
one Birk Ehl at that Place had rec'd a Letter from a
1 The Groote Imhogt (or Great juft below the Mouth of the Cats-
Bend) was on the Hudfon River, kill Creek, on the weft Side, Kinfman

Indian Wars of lybT, and 1764. 183
Kinfman, living fomewhere on Delaware River, in
forming him that about 60 Families were deftroy'd
thereabout. I fear that the Indians that have now been to N.
York with Sam^ Pruyn are Spy's, tho' they behaved
very complifant & civil to me & my Houfe : my Ne
gro Wench tells me this Morning, that the youngeft
of them, who talks the beft Englifh, had told her Huf-
band, Capt. Steph'* Schuyler's Negro, that the Indians
were all join'd, & that they did not fear the great
Guns but enjon'd him to keep It Secret as the Negros
would be in no Danger. And by fome Traders I am
inform'd that he is the fame that caufed a Difturbance
at Ofwego & Niagara laft Spring a Year.
I communicate thefe out of Zeal for the Service and
am with unfeign'd Regard,
Sir, your Honor's
moft obedient humble Servant.

( /SWm) ^fl^cJe^ J(^<UyfL.__

Albany, the 19th Odober, 1763, a 8 A. M.
To the Hon^ie Sir William Johnfon, Bt.
at Johnfon Hall.

Letter from F. Decouagne to Sir William Johnfon.
Niagara, Odob. 22d, 1763.
Honorable Sir :
IN your laft you defired to know whether Daniel &
the reft of the Indians was gone to Detroit, the
former has been up with two Parties & has the Char
ader of a good Man from every one, but moft People give

1 84 Papers Relating to the
give an indifferent Ace' of Aron. There has been no
Indians here ; the Traders at this Poft are all Suttlers.
Major Wilkins Is gone with the laft Partie & has taken
with him all the Belts and Bands Wampham to the
Wapagamat Indians. I dont learn by any Accounts
that the f'd Indians have done any Mifchief at prefent.
I have no more to relate at this Jundure than have
fent enclofed Mr. Stedmans Ace' of what happen'd the
19th & 20th Inft., the f'd Perfon being prefent at the
whole Affair.
I have an Intention to go as I think wou'd be pro
per amongft fome of the Wapagamats to get Intelli
gence but believe It will be very dangerous, therefore
beg your Inftrudlons by the firft Opportunity.
I am. Sir,
Your moft Obed* Hum^ Serv*

^^^""^^

Sir :
I have further to inform you that all the Canadians
who have Paffes from General Gage to Trade are
ftopp'd at the different Pofts.
To the Hon. Sir William Johnfon, Bt.,
at Johnfon Hall.

Indian Wars of lyG^ and 1764. 185
Letter from General Amherft to Colonel Bradftreet.
[Bradftreet and Amherft MSS., p. 141.]
New York, 29th Odober, 1763.
Sir :
I ARRIVED here on Thurfday Morning and gave
immediate Orders for getting ready the Iron Work
for the Schooners that are intended to be built for the
Service of Lake Erie, &c. A fufficiency for one of 60
Tons, with the Rigging will be fent on Saturday next,
& Preparation ffiall be made for two more & fent up
as faft as poffible. I need not defire you to forward
the whole in the beft Manner you can.
This will be delivered to you by Bogardus in whofe
Sloop Mr. Napier has ffiipt the Bedding as per the
enclofed Invoice & Receipt, and you will pleafe to
receive the Whole and order them to be fafely ftored to
be ready for fupplying any of the Pofts above : Tho'
fome of them have been ufed, Mr. Napier affures me
they are as clean, fweet and good as If they had not
been ufed. As Mr. Napier is accomptable for this
Bedding, it will be neceffary that you fend him a pro
per Receipt for them.
Lt. Colonel Campbell writes me, that the Bridges
on the Communication between Fort Stanwix & the
Flatts^ were broke down by the Oxen that were lately
fent up ; and that If they are not repaired before the
Winter, the Roads will be impaffable for Sledges : I
have wrote to Sir William Johnfon on this Head &
requefted him to endeavor to get the Inhabitants to
effed this ufefuU Service ; but if you can anyways lend
a helping Hand it will be fo niuch the better, for I

1 German Flats.

25 fear

1 86 Papers Relating to the
fear we can not depend much on what the Country
People will do, without they are preffed to do it.
I am. Sir,
Your moft obedient Servant.
Jeff. Amherst.
Colonel Bradftreet,
D. Q. M. G. The Same to the Same.
New York, 30th Odober, 1763.
Sir :
IN all Probability the Sloop with the Beding will be
at Albany before the Poft reaches you. I however
enclofe you a Duplicate of my Letter that went by her
& I likewife tranfmit you a Lift of the Ironworks that
are getting ready for the Schooner, and which with the
Rigging, will, I hope be embarked from hence on
Saturday next.
I enclofe a Packett addreffed to Governor Burton at
Montreal, which you will pleafe to forward by the firft
fafe Opportunity; and likewife a Letter for Major
General Gage which you will keep until he arrives at
Albany, where you will foon fee him, as I imagine he
is on the Route by this Time & it might mifs him,
were you to fend it on.
On my Arrival here, I applyed to the Lt. Governor
regarding the ruinous Condition of the Fort at Albany
& reprefented to him how neceffary It was to have It
repaired in Time, as 'tis Shamefull to fee it : he has
promlfed to make Application to his Affembly for that
Purpofe ; but as the Fort is going In the mean Time
to Ruin & that we may always want to keep a few
Men there, I would have you order the Mafonry or
the

Indian Wars of ijGt, and 1764. 187
the Parapets to be repaired. If it can be done at a fmall
Expenee, as It will be too late before the Affembly will
determine. The Coping them with wood, as the north
Curtain is & the Work in the Infide ofthe Fort, may
be done later in the Seafon, & I hope will be done at
the Expenee of the Province.
I am. Sir, Your moft obedient Servant,
Jeff. Amherst.
Col. Bradftreet,
D. O. M. G.

The Same to the Same.
New York, ift November, 1763.
Sir:
THIS will be delivered to you by Lieut. Godwin,
whom I fend to Albany, with a non-commlf^
fioned Officer & three Men of the Royal Artillery,
which are all that I can fpare from hence, & I think
they may be ufefull in forwarding any Artillery Stores
that may be fent to the upper Pofts, or giving their
Affiftance to other Services at Albany, and I write to
Lt. Colonel Elliot accordingly.
To avoid any Difputes about Quarters, I would
have you provide Lieut. Goodwin with a Room In
the Hofpital.
I have this Moment received your Letter of the
26th Odober, and with it I have one from Major
Gladwin of the 7th Odober. Every thing as well as
we could exped at the Detroit : Moncrieffe, with the
Reinforcements, juft fetting off on Lake Erie the 14th
and I hope they will arrive in Time to give the Bar
barians

1 8 8 Papers Relating to the
barlans a Check before the Winter fets In, tho' it is
too late to exped much.
I have applyed to the Provinces of New York &
Jerfey, for two thoufand Men, to be raifed early In the
Spring, 1400 from New York & 600 from the Jerfeys.
Five Companys of the former, of 60 Men each, to be
raifed immediately for the Protedlon of the Commu
nication between Albany & Ofwego. How far my
Requeft will be granted I know not ; but I ffiall ac
quaint you, as foon as I receive the Governors Anfwer.
In the meantime I would have you make the neceffary
Preparations for the new Boats, ffiould the one you
are building anfwer, of which you will be the beft
Judge, and you muft be fure of your Succefs.
I may now acquaint you that His Majefty having
been gracioufly pleafed to give me Permiffion to return
to England, Major General Gages, with whom I am
to leave the Command ofthe Troops & who will foon
be at Albany on his way hither, will have full Direc
tions concerning the future Operations ; and you may
confult with him regarding the new Boats, as well as
the Preparations for the other Matters ; for by the
Time he arrives here I ffiall be able to judge of what
Affiftance may be expeded from the Provinces and we
rnuft prepare accordingly. I have ordered two light
Six Pounders to Albany.
I am. Sir,
Your moft obedient Servant,
Jeff. Amherst.
Colonel Bradftreet,
D. Q. M. G., Albany. Extrad

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1^64.. 189
ExtraSi of a Letter from WilUam Edgar at Detroit
to Sir William Johnfon. Novb. ift, 1763.
IHAVE lately received a Letter from Hombach
which came by an Officer from Illenois, who
brought a Belt & Letter to the Savages, with the
Account of the Peace, between England and France,
which neither the Savages nor the French here be
lieved till now. In Confequence of which, our moft
implacable Enemys, the Ottawas (who were the only
Nation here difpofed for continuing the War, all
the reft having begged forgivenefs for what they have
done, of our worthy Commandant) are now, with
the others, fuing for Peace, in the moft abjed Manner.
Mr. Prentice is very well at Sandufky, as is Mr. Win
fton, at St. Jofephs, and from the prefent Difpofition
of the Savages, I apprehend they will foon bring them
in.

Letter from Sir William Johnfon to the Authorities
at German Flats. Novbr 3d, 1763.
Gentlemn :
AS I underftand that fome Chenopfco^ Indians
(who are now our Enemies) make a Pradlce of
coming to the German Flatts to purchafe Powder &
other Things w^ you know Is not allowed, befides,
when there, they have an Opportunity of making their
Remarks & feeing our Strength, you ffiould In order
¦^ Genefee. to

1 90 Papers Relating to the
to prevent y« like for the Future, take up all fuch as
you find of that Nation & fend them Prifoners to
Albany under a good Guard, firft being certain that
they are our Enemies — not doubting but that y"^ own
Prudence will lead you both to do every thing of that
Kind with Propriety & DIfcretion. I need add no
more. Letter to Juftlces Frank & Harkemer to apprehend
any Chenupfcos who may come to the Flatts.

Letter from Volkert P. Doww to Sir Wm. Johnfon.
Albany, Novemb. 3d, 1763.
Sir :
I THOUGHT it not improper at this Time to ac
quaint you as being Commiffioner of Indian Affairs
that laft Night arrived here three Tennefie Indians
diredly from there Caftle as they fay ; they alfo fay
they waited on you as they paffed in there way to
Albany of which I doubt much ; they have a fmall
Quantity of Beaver with them but no Perfon chufes to
Trade with them without Liberty. I am at a lofs how
to ad with regard to thofe Indians and ffiould be glad
of your Diredion therein by the Return of the Bearer.
I am. Sir,
Your moft Hum^ Servant,

'^-e^z^ifi^ 'c^ ^(^tc^^

To Sir William Jonfon, Barnit. Orders

Indian Wars of lybj, and 1764. 191
Orders iffued by Captain Guy Johnfon to the Garri
fon at Sc/ieneSiady.
Orders.
AS the Safety and Protedlon of Schenedady depends
in a great Meafure on the keep of a good Guard
in the Town, It is Sir Wm. Johnfons Orders that the
Commanding Officer of the fecond Bataillon of Mili
tia for the County of Albany do Immediately appoint
a Guard confifting of a Subaltern, Serj't, Corporal and
twenty Men to mount at the Block Houfe In the
Albany Street and to be regularly relieved every 24
Hours till further Orders, which Guard Is to poll
Centinels at fuch Places as the Commanding Officer
ofthe Battaillon ffiall judge beft, the Centinels to be
regularly relieved by the Corporal of the Guard every
two Hours and the Officer to let no more than two
Men be at any Time abfent from the Guard. Every
Evening at Sunfet the Officer of the Guard Is to have
his Men under Arms, the Roll called & Mens Arms,
&c. examined & fee that they are furniffied with 12
Rounds of Powder & Ball, no Perfon Is to be abfent
on pain of Punlffiment and the Town Major Is at the
Time he thinks neceffary to vifit the Guards & Centi
nels & make a Report thereof to the Commanding
Officer. The Serjeant of the Guard to vifit the Cen
tinels frequently during the Night and the Officer on
being relieved to make a Report of the Guard in
Writing to the Commanding Officer who Is to fee
thefe Orders ftrldly complied with.
In cafe of an Alarm the Militia are to affemble at
the Dutch Church and there to follow fuch Orders as
they ffiall receive from the Commanding Officer for
the Protedlon of the Town, the Gu^rd turning out &
continuing

192 Papers Relating to the
continuing under Arms until they ffiall receive the
Commanding Officers Orders.
And the Commanding Officer is to tranfmit in writ
ing to Sir Wm, Johnfon a Return of the ftate of the
Blockhoufe and other Fortifications about the Town,
as alfo of the Number, State & Quality of the Cannon
& Ammunition, &c., immediately.
Johnfon Hall, Nov'r3d, 1763.

'-/^^^'ti&L

c/^ /Ty-ZC^^^^iMLiL-
Col. Vanflyke, &c.

Letter from Gavin ' Coc/irane to Sir Wm. Johnfon.
Dear Sir :
CAME here yefterday & had the Pleafure to find all
your Friends here well — the Battoe is in a Hurry
to go down which prevents my having the Pleafure of
waiting on you. Capt. Daniel, at parting, preffed me
much to give an Account of his Behaviour whilft with
me when I was guarding the Wreck ; I was there above
a Fortnight & in all that Time he was but once drunk,
always at my Elbow, & very Induftrious to do every
thing to Ingratiate himfelf with me, and fo was Jacob,
who was with him. We were fired at for near two
Hours by 25 or 30 Indians, as they gueffed from the
Tracks afterwards & Daniel kept clofe by me & ffiowed
great Zeal — we loft 3 Men ; the Enemy came very
near but we could not get one Shot at them — the Be
haviour of Aaron, &c. occafioned me to be folllcited
not to fend Daniel up with the Schooner, but I fent
him ;

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1764. 193
him ; nor will I believe the Mohawks In general dlf-
honeft. Fatigue & Cold gave me an Illnefs which tho' I
have not yet quite recovered I am pretty well, only In
a very bad Weather I am pretty fure ftill of an Ague
Fit. I am fo far on my Way to New York.
The Troops for Detroit, about 600 Men under
Major Wilkins got out from the Head of the Rapids
at the Entrance into Lake Erie the 20th of Odober.
Two Boats were fired upon at embarking there & all
in them except a Serj' killed or wounded ; five were
killed & one died of his Wounds, as did alfo Lt.
Johnfon ; there were a good Body of Men ftill affiore
who purfued & engaged in the Woods for fome Time
& than returned in good Order to the Boats. This is
the Serjeants Account who remained unhurt, who faid
he faw this at a Diftance but knows no other Particu
lars. I don't know whether it is worth mentioning to
you that whilft I was at Fort Stanwix I was told a
Squaw oi the Oneldas that had juft come faid there
was a Report amongft them that 20 of their Young
Men had been killed by our People in the Cheroquee
Country & that the Oneydas were holding a Council
about it. I am, with great Sincerity,
Dear Sir,
Your moft obedient & very humble Servt.

'atn.^

Fort Johnfon, Novb. 5th, 1763.
The Number in the two Boats that were fired upon
were 14 exclufive ofthe Officers,
' 26 J-e"er

1 94. Papers Relating to the
Letter from General Amherft to Colonel Bradftreet.
New York, 6th November, 1763.
Sir :
I HAD laft Night your Letter of the 31ft Odober:
The Account given by Silverheels, I believe. Is too
true and I am not furprifed the Inhabitants on the
Mohawk River are alarmed : They can not be too
much on their guard, until they can get an additional
Affiftance, which I hope the Province will furniffi,
when the Affembly meets.
I have mentioned to the Lt. Governor how neceffary
it will be to get a Law paffed for Impreffing Car
riages, as well as billeting the Troops on this Occafion.
But whether he can bring It to bear, or not, I know
not.i I am very glad to find you have fuch Hopes of
the Boat anfwering ; but am forry to hear you have
fuch bad Reports of the Stuff fit for building Boats at
Ofwego ; however I am apt to think the Batteaus
from Canada may anfwer ; General Gage will know
that.
^ This Law was not paffed. The North America ihall think proper,
only Ads paffed by the General and alfo for three hundred effedlive
Affembly of New York with refer- Men, exclufive of Officers, to guard
ence to the Wars of Pontiac were the weftern Frontiers of the Colony
the following : under the Direftion ofthe Governor
" An Aft providing for three or Commander-in-Chief thereof.
hundred efteftive Men, exclufive of Paffed Dec. 13, 1763."
Officers, to be employed againft the " An Aft providing for one hun-
Enemy Indians, and for one hundred dred and eighty Men, exclufive of
and feventy-thrce Men, Officers in^ Officers, to be employed againft the
eluded, to garrifon the feveral Forts Enemy Indians and other Purpofcs
on the Frontiers of this Colony, in therein mentioned."
fuch Manner as the Commander-in- Paffed April 21, 1764.
Chief of all his Majefty's Forces in General

Indian Wars 0/^1763 and 1764. 195
General Gage, in all Probability will be with you
before this reaches Albany, and as he has no Family
with him, I hope he will have found all the Affiftance
he could require on the Route.
The Sloop with the Iron work, &c., as mentioned
in my laft, failed on the 4th. I enclofe you a Lift of
the Whole, but the Mafter went off without figning
the Invoice ofthe Sails, Cables & Anchors : you have
his Receipt therewith for the Iron work, and you will
pleafe to take care that he delivers the Whole, agreeable
to the enclofed Lift. I need not defire you to for
ward them in the beft Manner you can.
As Captain Loring, I imagine, will be down foon,
I would chufe to wait for his Opinion of the Size of
the other Veffel, before I fent the Materials ; but
ffiould he not come foon, I ffiall order Iron work, &c.
to be forwarded for the fame Kind of Schooner as the
one for which the Materials are now fent.
I am. Sir,
Your moft obedt. Servant, Jeff. Amherst.
Colonel Bradftreet,
D. Q. M. G. Albany.

196 Papers Relating to the
Meffage of Lieutenant Governor Colden to the
General Affembly of New Tork.^
[Gaine's Journal of General Affembly, ii, 720.]
Gentlemen of the Council and General Affembly.
THE great and defireable Work of Peace, being
by the Wifdom and Magnanimity of our gra
cious Sovereign, happily accompliffied fince yOur Re-
cefs; I cordially congratulate you on this joyful Event,
fo highly glorious to his Majefly, and extenfively
Beneficial to his People. His American Subjeds, who
will derive from it a Security, unknown fince the firft
Eftabliffiment of thefe Colonies, muft receive this
Mark of the royal Attention to their Intereft and
Safety, with the warmeft Sentiments of Loyalty, Grati
tude and Affedion.
The Enjoyment of folid Tranquility Is however
unhappily fufpended by the daring and unprovoked
Attacks of fome of the Weftern Tribes of Indians,
who under the fpecious Appearance of Friendffiip,
have treacheroufly furprized fome of our remote Pofts,
and are in open War, renewing with relentlefs Cruelty,
that Horror and Defolatlon among the defencelefs
Inhabitants, from which they were fo recently delivered.
To fupprefs this dangerous Defedlon, pregnant
with the moft fatal Evils, before it becomes more ex
tenfive and formidable, is our indlfpenfable Duty.
The Prefervatlon of our own Frontier, ffiould be
our firft and Immediate Care, every Motive of Policy,
1 The General Affembly of New the Lieutenant Governor addreffed
York met on the Sth of November, to them the preceding Meffage re-
1763, and on the Day following lating to the Indian War. Juftice

Indian Wars 0/^1763 and 1764. 197
Juftice and Humanity, unitedly demanding the Pro
tedlon of our fellow Subjeds, whofe diftant and dif
perfed Situation muft otherwife leave them an eafy
Prey to mercllefs Savages.
But barely to defend ourfelves would be giving the
Enemy every Advantage, and expofe us to perpetual
difquietude. It Is neceffary a Force ffiould be raifed,
fufficient to chaftife thefe falthlefs People, that feeling
the Weight of our Refentment, they may be awed for
future by the Fear of Punlffiment ; experience evinc
ing, that deftitute of every juft and humane Principle,
nothing elfe can fecure us againft their continual
Ravages and Depredations.
Since then, not only the Profperlty of the Colony,
but the very Exiftence of a great Part of It, depend on
the moft adive and fplrited Meafures, no Arguments
can be wanting to animate you to a vigorous Exertion
of your Strength In the Accompliffiment of this effen
tlal Objed.
I ffiall therefore content myfelf with laying before
you a Letter I received from his Excellency Sir Jeffrey
Amherft, Commander in Chief of his Majefty's Forces,
preffing this Government to furniffi a Proportion of
Men, to proceed early in the Spring in conjundion
with the regular Troops, on this important Service.
Did the Subjed require it, his fuperior Abilities, would
render It unneceffary for me to enforce, what he fo
wifely urges for fubduing that reftlefs, fierce and cruel
Spirit of the Savages, the Source of the moft dreadful
Calamities. Gentlemen of the General Affembly,
I flattered myfelf the ordinary Support of his Ma
jefty's Government, would have been the only Aid
required of you at this Time. But the unexpeded Revolt

198 Papers Relating to the
Revolt of the Indians, renders a much greater Expenee
unavoidable. Befides providing for the Company now
pofted at Fort Ontario, Niagara and Detroit, which
General Monckton, by the Advice of his Majefty's
Council, a few Days before his Departure, direded to
be continued on that Service, I earneftly recommend
you will grant the neceffary Supplies for raifing, cloath
ing and paying, a Body of Forces, fufficient with the
other Troops, to avert the Dangers we fear ; avenge
the Injuries we have received; and convince the Sav
ages of our Ability to compel them to Submlffion.
Gentlemen of the Council and General Affembly,
The Enemy have already infefted the Border of
Orange and Ulfter, and though I am confident of the
Spirit and Adivlty of the Militia, yet as this Duty
will foon be too feverely felt, I affure myfelf, you will
enable me to eafe them; and by the moft vigorous
Refolutions In this important Conjundure, fecure to
yourfelves the great Advantages of a Peace, peculiarly
calculated for the Happinefs of America.
Cadwallader Colden.
Fort George, New York, Nov. 9, 1763.
And then the Letter mentioned in his Honour's
Speech from Sir Jeffrey Amherft, was read, in the
Words following, that Is to fay.
New York, Odober 30, 1763.
Sir :
ON a due Confideration of the moft probable
Meafures for cruffiing the prefent Infurrectlon
ofthe Indians, and punlffiing the Guilty as they de
ferve, I find It abfolutely neceffary to make Application
to the Provinces moft nearly concerned, that a refped
able Body of Men may be raifed, fo as to proceed early

Indian Wars of ijb^ and 1764. 199
in the Spring, In Conjundion with fuch regular Troops
as can be coUeded, to put In Execution fuch offenfive
Operations as may be judged moft effedual for reduc
ing the Savages, and fecuring Peace and Quiet to the
Settlements hereafter.
I am in great Hopes that the Provinces to the
Southward will chearfully raife fuch Quotas, as may be
required of them, for reducing the Delawares, Shawa-
nefe, and other Tribes on that Side ; and as I Intend
to affemble a refpedable Body of Men early In the
Spring at Niagara, for the Punlffiment of the Senecas
and other Savages on Lake Erie, &c. who have fo
treacheroufly commenced and are now carrying on
Hoftilities againft us, I think It but reafonable that
the Provinces of New York and Jerfey, ffiould con
tribute their Shares towards a Service of fo much Con
fequence to the future Security of their refpedive In
habitants ; and therefore I am now to lay before you,
a Requifition, which I am perfuaded will not only
meet with a proper Reception from you, but that you
will enforce the fame to your Council and Affembly,
backed with fuch Arguments (if any Arguments can
be neceffary on fuch an Occafion) as will at once re
move every Obftacle that could be ftarted to a Com
pliance therewith.
The Proportion I muft demand from your Province
is fourteen hundred Men, exclufive of commiffioned
Officers, twelve hundred to be divided in four Corps
of five Companys each, commanded by a Field Officer,
who may have the Rank of Major; and each Com
pany to confift of a Captain, and two Subalterns and
fixty Men, Including three Serjeants and three Corpo
rals ; the other two hundred to have a Field Officer,
and to confift of four Companies of fifty Men each,
with the commiffioned and non-cornmiffioned Officers as

200 Papers Relating to the
as above ; for the Service on which they will be em
ployed requires that there ffiould be a good many
Officers ; the Men to be cloathed, but in a light Man
ner ; a cloth Jacket, flannel Waiftcoat, Legglns, &c.
will be full fufficient ; and It will be neceffary that the
whole are raifed and ready to proceed to Albany by
the firft of March next.
But as the Settlements on the Mohawk River, are
open to the Enemy, and that it is not in my Power at
prefent to fpare Regulars for their Protedlon, fo much
as I wiffi to do, I muft recommend it to you, to ufe
your Influence with the Affembly to raife five Compa
nies of the above mentioned Quota with the utmoft
Expedition, that they may be pofted during the Win
ter, on the Communication between Albany and Of
wego, and be ready for any Service they may be called
for, which may be a great Means of preventing any
Incurfions that might be attempted by the Savages,
and give that Confidence to the Inhabitants, which is
fo neceffary to enable them to repel, by Force in Cafe
of an Attack.
Particular Care ffiould be taken that in recruiting
the Men, none ffiould be raifed but fuch as are able
bodied ; neither too young nor too old, but fit for the
moft adive and alert Service.
Although by an Order from Home, the regular
Troops are fubjed to a Stoppage for the Provifions
Iffued to them, belonging to the Crown, yet upon this
Occafion I will take upon me to order Provifions to
the Provincial Troops, that ffiall be raifed and take
the Field ; and they ffiall likewife be provided with
Arms, unlefs any of them chufe to bring their own
Arms, for which they ffiall have the fame allowance as
was made In former Campaigns, ffiould any of them be
loft

Indian Wars o/' 1763 and 1764. 201
loft, or damaged in adual Service. Tents will alfo be
furniffied to them as formerly.
The Time of Service may be limited to the firft of
November, although It is much to be hoped, every
Thing will be finiffied long before that Period, in
which Cafe the Men will be fent back to the Province.
I am, with great Regard Sir,
Your moft obedient humble Servant,
Jeffrey Amherst.
A true Copy, examined by G. Banyer, D. Sec.

Letter from Captain Gerret A. Lanfngh to Sir
William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, vii.]
Sir:
AGREABLE to your Orders I have been round
the Town to revue the Condition and State of
the Fort, Blockhoufes, Cannon, Amanltlon, &c.,
likewife the Stockagadefs ; as for the Fort is but in a
verry confetreable Condition, whants a good Teal of
preparing and the Blockhoufe at the Widow Van Eps
at the North Side of the Town Is unfit for Service, no
Shimble In nor Flowr, at the Blockhoufe at Daniel
De Graff at the fouthweft End of the town Is entirely
unfit for Service is ready to fall down. The Block
houfe at Mr. Ryner Mynders whants lettle repairing.
As to the Block Houfe on the South End of Albany
Street Is fit to keep a Wacht In, and the Block Houfe
which formley ufe to ftand at Mr. Thomas Nixfon
Door is intirely takeing away and no more of, and as
for Stoagadeges about the Town there is about feventy
of them moftly rotton ; as for Cannon in the Fort
27 that

202 Papers Relating to the
that belongs to It there is none fit for Service, there is
no Cannon in the Block Houfes not a fingle one, and
there is a few Cannon lying up the Albany HIU unfit
for Service which has been takeing out of the Fort and
Blockhoufe and have been tryed by Soldier & Con-
dudors of the Royall Artellery and is found to be
condemned ; as for Powder there Is two Cafk of about
50 WIeght each which belongs to the Townffilp of
Schenedady likewife 30 WIeght grave Schot and about
feventy or eighty fmall Hand Granades.
I am Sir Your moft obe'^ hum''' Serv'
To Sir Wm. Johnfon, Bar'.
\_Endorfement on Back of Letter f\
Capt. Lanfinghs Return of y^ State of y^ Block
houses, &c. at Schenedady.
A Return of Condition & State of the Fortification
of the Townffilp of Schenedady. Novbr. nth, 1763.
Letter from T. De Couagne to Sir William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Niagara, 27th of Novbr, 1763.
Sr :
IHAVE rec'd your Letter dated Novbr y^ 3d, 1763,
wherein you write me word to be more particular
or circumftantlal than hitherto. You may depend I
do everything to y^ utmoft of my Power for my Em
ployer

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1764. 203
ployer, likewife for his Majeftys Service, y« Troops is
come back thath was going to Ditroit with y« Lofs of
one hundred Men, ye got within lefs than one hundred
Miles was eaft away and loft there Ammunition was
forft to return for Want ; y^ had to I am Inform'd,
but eight Rounds a Man thath y^ could not proceed
& have fpoke to y" Officer Commanding, Major
Browning, about y"^ Indians coming In, he has give
out an Order thath y" muft not fire upon any fmall
Party of Indians upon no Account & thath on their
march in fight of y^ Garrifon he fays If y^ ffiould fall
in with Fort Slhoffer he cant be accountable what hap
pens as they are daily killing our People. In yr Let
ter you fay you do not underftand what I mean by
y« Voifeagamigate, Sr he is y® chief Man North &
Weft upon Lake Ontario and fo far upon Lake Erie as
y^ big River, which is fixty Miles from Little Niagara,
y^ Troops goes fiffiing every Day and no body hurt.
I can't promife the do no mifchief In there own Country
but what they do otherwife I can not tell.
Sr, I have wrote you word before of Major Wilkins
taken fome Beks of Wampum from heare, he is come
back, I have fpoke to Colonel Browning for to gett
them. In y« next Letter I ffiall fend Word if CoUonel
has rec'd. De Couagne.
Sir y^ Indians is arrived this Day from Detroit
which you will y^ News more particular from them are
y« Veffel fails emediately.

204 Papers Relating to the
Letterfrom Aaron the Mohawk to Sir Wm. Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir WiUiam Johnfon, viii.]
Fort Pitt, ift Decemr, 1763.
Sir :
HAVING been fent Exprefs by Major Gladwin
from De Trolte to this Place, on arriving at
Sandufky meeting with about 300 Shany and Delaware
Indians, who ware at the fame Time holding a great
Counfili and by which I underftood and was told by
them the breaking out of this Warr was occafioned by
the Seneca Indians who went about with a bloody Belt
and Tomahawk to all the Nations engag'd in this
Troubles. The Taways alfo expreffly told me that
the Senecas were the Beginners of this Warr, they alfo
defired me (the old Men of the Delawar's & Shanees)
to acquaint you that If you defire, that they would
come down to you, and fwear before you that this
Warr was begun by the Senecas. The old Men ofthe
Wlandots Nation want very much to fee you, and if
you defire they will come immediately, you being
pleaf'd to let them know. I had the Miffortune to be
rob' d of 4000 of Wampom, a Tamihok and all the
Powder and Ball I had by the Delawar's, Shanees &
the Five Nations.
Sir, Remain with great Hefped,
Your Obedient Humble Servant. Aaron.

Indian Wars of lybT, and 'iy6/\.. 205
Letter from John Stuart^ to Sir William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Charles Town, loth December, 1763.2
Sir :
1AM now to acknowledge the receipt of both your
Favors of 24th July and 2d September, which my
being at the Congrefs with the Indians in this Diftrld
prevented my receiving and anfwering fooner. I have
a grateful Senfe of your polite and friendly Expreffions,
and ffiall cheerfully embrace everv Opportunity of
cultivating a Correfpondence with, and rendering you
any agreeable Service. I am fincerely forry for the
Rupture with the Indians In your Department, which
is attended with fo much Bloodffied and Defolatlon
and neceffarily with fo much Trouble to you.
Immediately after the Receipt of your laft Letter,
I wrote to the Cherokee Nation, to know if they
would fend fome Parties againft the Northern Indians
according to their Propofai to me at the Congrefs.
As foon as I receive an Anfwer I ffiall communicate it
to you. Some Officers of the Independent Compa
nies in this Province, who are on the Point of being
reduced, have offered to accompany fuch Cherokees as
can be prevailed upon to go and ad jointly with his
Majefty's Forces againft the Northern Tribes. It
would be a delicate Point to propofe any thing of this
Nature to the Creeks at this Jundure, when they are
apt to conftrue every Propofai as containing fome hid
den Defign ; the Impreffions left on their Minds by
the French, and their Jealoufy on account of the late
1 Mr. Smart was Superintendent Department,
of Indian Affairs in the Southern ^ Received Feb. 15, 1764. Ceffion

2c6 Papers Relating to the
Ceffion of Florida and Loulfiana, not being as yet
totally effaced.
The ChaSiaws have but newly entered into the Co
venant of Friendffiip with us. Their Country is a
vaft Diftance, I ffiall endeavor as foon as poffible to
inform myfelf of their Difpofition and the Pradicablllty
of engaging them to fend Parties as you propofe.
The Chickafaws are perpetually at War with the
Northern Indians, but then they only ad defenfiyely,
being reduced to 450 Men at moft, and furrounded
by great Nations with whom they never are upon
Terms of fincere Friendffiip, for which Reafon they
dare not weaken themfelves by fending out ftrong
Parties, fo far as they are able their Friendffiip and
Attachment to us may be depended upon.
The Catawbas are willing and brave, but reduced
by War and SIcknefs to 60 or 70 Gunmen. The
Northern Indians Infefted them all laft Summer, killed
and carried off feveral of them.
This may be depended on that I ffiall take every
Meafure to Induce Parties from the Northern Nations
within my Department to go and ad jointly with his
Majefty's Troops employed againft the Nations at
War with us, and ffiall be extreamly glad to hear from
you and receive the General's Inftrudlons relative to
my Condud in this Matter.
Our Conferences at the late Congrefs ended with
the moft friendly Appearance. The Indians of every
Nation went away well fatlffied, and made the ftrong-
eft Profeffions of Attachment to the Britlffi Intereft.
They are all appraifed of the War between the North
ern Indians and us, but know nothing of the particular
Events. A minute Journal of the Proceedings at the Con grefs

Indian Wars of lybT, and 1764. 207
grefs is now in the Prefs. As foon I can be furniffied
with a Copy for you I ffiall fend It.
The Tafcaroras Inhabit a Trad of 10,000 Acres of
Land laid out for them In North Carolina. I have
wrote to Governor Dobbs for a particular Account of
them and of their Situation with refped to Debts or
whatever elfe may hinder or retard their going to join
their People. Governor Dobbs told me when at the
Congrefs, that they confifted of about one hundred
Men able to bear Arms, Women and Children In Pro
portion. I am now to inform you, that on my return from
Augufta, I received a Letter from the Right Hon^^'^
the Lords of Trade declaratory of His Majefty's Or
ders, that the Agents for Indian Affairs fhould cor-
refpond with their Lordffiips In all Matters regarding
their Departments, and ffiould tranfmit them all fuch
Information as they ffiould require. In Confequence
they have required from me a regular and conftant
Correfpondence upon thofe Points. Their Lordffiips
have likewife direded me to tranfmit to them as foon
as poffible, a full and particular Report of the State of
Indian Affairs within this Department, and an accu
rate Defcrlption of the feveral Nations of Indians,
their different Interefts, Claims and Dlfpofitions and
what will In my Judgment be a proper Plan for the
future Management and Diredion of thefe Important
Interefts, The Talk impofed upon us I confider as arduous
and what requires very mature Confideration, on
which I have not as yet been able to turn my Thoughts,
having a multiplicity of Affairs to fettle In confequence
of the late Congrefs, it will give me the greateft Pleaf
ure to coincide with you In Opinion, but to form a
general Plan by which a Trade to the Indian Countries may

2o8 Papers Relating to the
may be at the fame Time well regulated and free to all
his Majefty's Subjeds, is not very eafy. It wiU give
me great Pleafure to hear from you foon, being with
moft fincere Regard,
Sir, Your moft obedient humble Servant,

Letter from T. De Couagne to Sir William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Translation. Niagara, 15th X'^' 1763.
Sir :
SINCE my laft which I had the Honor of writing
to you, by which I have mentioned the Accident
which happened to Major Wilkin's Party which has
retreated. Major Rogers arrived with his Corps and
two Mohawks, Daniel and Jacob, two Days after.
The Commandant has fent the Man named Jacob
with a Ranger to Detroit, and Daniel has decided to
join the Party returning with Major Rogers, to rejoin
you, and who can relate to you all that has happened
in thefe Parts, as well as what has become of the other
Mohawk. He has told me that the Man named
Ouapacamigatte a Miffiffague had a Paffport from the
Commandant

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1764. 209
Commandant at Detroit to come hither with a Meffage,
and I believe it would be apropos If the Commandant
would confent that I ffiould fend him with one or two
others to fpeak with you upon this Bufinefs. I be
lieve that there Is not here this Winter any Indian
whom I could fend for fome Time. And I remember
nothing further of which to appraife you. There are
Parties croffing every Day to the other Side of the
River upon the Lands of the Miffiffagaes but they have
not returned with any Scalps.
The Man named Roffin .... a Seneca of whom
you fpeak In your Letter has not arrived. I have
fpoken to his two Sifters about him In a way that has
flattered them much.
I have the honor to be with profound Refp"'
Sir, Your very humble and much
obliged Servant,
De Couagne,
It it impoffible at this Moment to write to you in
Engliffi, as every body is engaged, and I can not find
a Secretary.

Letter from Colonel Bradftreet to General Gage.
[Bradftreet and Amherft MSS., p. 169.]
Albany, 20th Deer, 1767.
Sir :
I RETURN your Excellency, enclof'd, the Papers
you fent me relating to fmall Arms taken by my
Order at Ofwego for the Indians in 1764 — with my
Certificate of the Number. Thofe Gentlemens Ac
counts & Affidavits you will pleafe to obferve fix the
Time of my ordering thofe fmall Arms to be taken in
28 1763

2IO Papers Relating to the
I -763 — near twelve Months before my Arrival at
Ofwego. I am, Jno. Bradstreet.
His Ex. Genl. Gage, &c. &c. &cc.

Letter from Sir Wm. Johnfon to Major Gen. Gage.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, Deer 23, 1763,
Dear Sir :
YOUR ExceUency's Favors of the 30th ult. & ift
of this inft. were accompanied with two Letters
from the Lords of Trade, the one of Septr and the
other of Odober laft, enclofing me one of the King's
Proclamations, and expreffing Approbation of His
Majefty & his Minlfter and that of their Lordffiips on
my late reprefentations, as alfo his Majefty's reliance
on my Endeavors to bring Matters to a happy Iffue,
and his Orders that I ffiould caufe the Proclamation
therewith tranfmitted to be made publick and ftrldly
complied with throughout my Jurifdidlon.
I am hopeful that on receipt of my laft Letter, their
Lordffiips will be able ftill further to contribute towards
the falutary Points in view relative to Indians as I
apprehend fome Additions may be added to the Royal
Proclamation, which at prefent does not contain more
with regard to them than has been already communi
cated to them by virtue of former Orders, &c. tranf
mitted to America. This Proclamation does not re
lieve their prefent Grievances which are many, being
calculated only to prevent the like hereafter, altho'
there are numberlefs Inftances of Trads which have
indeed

Indian Wars of lyb^ and lyd^. 21 1
indeed been purchafed but In the moft illegal and
fraudulent Manner, all of which demand Redrefs.
I have made at this Meeting the beft ufe in my
Power ofhis Majefty's Proclamation for the convinc
ing the Indians here ofhis gracious and favorable Dif
pofition to do them Juftice, and ffiall communicate
the fame to all the reft.
The Indians have been here for feveral Days to the
Amount of 230, are now moftly departed for their re
fpedive Nations, for which Purpofe I have difmlffed
them with a Prefent. They are accompanied by fev
eral of the yet friendly Senecas from Kanadafego^ as alfo
by three Deputies fent from Chenafjio, to defire to be
informed of our prefent Refolution, and to know
whether the Offer of Peace which they have now made
will be accepted of, in which they are feconded by all
the reft who earneftly defire the fame might be taken
into Confideration and after reprefenting the Manner
in which the Senecas of Chenaffio had been led into
the War, Intimated that ffiould we now receive them
into our Friendffiip the Generofity of the Indians
would cheerfully join us in any Operations againft the
reft, particularly againft the Shawanefe and Delawares,
whom they reprefented as the principal Authors of all
the late Troubles, to which after giving them y^ moft
fevere Reprimand In y® Prefence of all y" reft, I an
fwered them, that I could do nothing therein, but
would lay the fame before you. I muft therefore re
queft your Diredion and Sentiments thereon.
This was the chief Purport of the late Conference,
the reft of their Speeches confifting of a Repetition of
their Promifes and Affurances of their unvariable At
tachment to his Majefty.
^ Near Geneva, Ontario County, N Y.
On

2 1 2 Papers Relating to the
On this Subjed I muft beg leave to offer my Opin
ion that the 5 friendly Nations muft naturally be very
uneafy at any Attempt againft the Senecas, as they are
a Part of their Confederacy, however juftly they may
deferve our Refentment, but I am confident that the
whole would readily joyn againft their perfidious De
pendents, the Shawanefe and Delawares, as well as any
others who have aded as Principals in the War. The
Hurons of Detroit .from the concurring Accounts of
all Perfons were with the utmoft Difficulty and by fevere
Threats, perfuaded to engage In the War by the Otta
was under Pondlac, who with the before mentioned
Shawanefe and Delawares have fufficlently ffiown them
felves as Principals In the War.
I imagine that any Hoftilities committed In or about
Pennfylvania and jerfey muft be done by the Dela
wares. ^ All thofe of that Nation who have lately be
come our Enemies, have lately removed from the Suf
quehanna to the Ohio amongft the Shawanefe, and
thofe who remain on or about the Sufquehanna, par
ticularly from Its Source down to Owegy are our friends,
and here I cannot help remarking that the abfurdlty
of moft of the Ace' ts received from the Provinces Is
apt to give a very unjuft Idea of Ind" Affairs. For
inftance, in one ofthe late New York papers you muft
have obferved It Is infinuated that a Party who de
feated Capt. Weflbrook on the Borders of Penfihania
confifted of Mohocks, which they pretended to know
from their Caps, and Manner of cutting their Hair.
The Fidelity of the Mohocks deferves a better Return,
and the Folly of fuch Reprefentations ffiould certainly
be removed, leaft it come to the Knowledge of our
1 The following Sentence is here Text : " Wyaloofin is an Indian
interlined in the original Draft with- Town a confiderable Diftance from
out apparent Conneftion with the any Setdement." friendly

Indian Wars of lyG^ and 1764. 213
friendly Tribes who might entertain much Rancor from
fuch a Falfity. The Mohocks do not wear Caps, nor
any Nation of the Confederacy except the Senecas and
fome Cayugas, the former learned that Pradlce from
their vicinity to Niagara, where fuch were ufually worn
during the Winter, neither are the Authors of that
Paragraph or any other Perfons capable of diftinguiffi-
ing one of thefe Caps from another or knowing to what
Nation it belonged any more than, they are of difcern-
ing one Blanket from another.
The Houfe of Affembly have been very moderate
in their Refolves. I have received from the Lieuten
ant Governor in confequence thereof fome blank Com-
miffions for raifing two Companies of 50 Men each to
be ftationed at Schohare and Cherry Valley which I ffiall
give to fuch Perfons as I ffiall judge beft qualified to
anfwer their Intention.
I am Informed by Letter from Niagara that Wabbi-
commlcot. Chief of the numerous Nation ofthe Chlpe-
welghs who accompanied me to the Detroit In 1761,
and has fince behaved very well on his Part and pre
vented Numbers of his People from joyning againft
us, propofes to vifit me ffiortly on public Bufinefs,
which If he does, or that I am attended by any other
dift' or Enemy Indians, indeed I ffiall be glad to have
your Sentiments concerning my Behavior on that
Occafion and in what Manner you think it most ne
ceffary to treat them. I am, &c.

2 1 4 Papers Relating to the
Letter from Sir Wm. Johnfon to Lieut. Gov. Colden.
[MSS. of Sir Wilham Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, Deer 24th, 1763.
Dear Sir :
IAM juft favored with your Letter of the 7th Inft.
enclofing me two Captain's Warrants & 2 Commif-
fions as alfo three Lieutenants Warrants & 4 Com-
mlffions, from which I conclude that 'twas a Lleuts
Warrant which was given to Mr. Ten Eyke. The reft
of the Warrants ffiall be given to fuch Perfons as I
judge will anfwer the public Expedations in the
moft expeditious and moft effedual Manner. The
Companies when raifed ffiall be muftered agreable to
your Diredlons, but the fmall pay of the Officers In a
Country where People are accuftomed to high Wages
and where Men are now raifing by Col. Bradftreet at
much higher Rates, will I fear greatly retard their
completing, and I am a good deal furprifed how your
Letter and enclofures could have been fo long by the
Way. The Indians who had been with me from all the 6
Nat^ for feveral Days are juft departing for their re
fpedive Habitations. They numbered 230, and were
accompanied by feveral ofthe yet friendly Senecas from
Kanadqfego as alfo by three Deputies fent from the
Chenuffio requefting to be Informed of our prefent Re
folutions and to know whether Offers of Peace will
be accepted of or not. In this they were feconded by
the reft of the Nations who after reprefenting the
Manner in which the Enemy Senecas had been drawn
into the War, intimated that ffiould they now be re
ceived into our Friendffiip the whole of the Six Na
tions

Indian Wars of iy6T, and 1 764. 215
tions would heartily joyn us againft the reft of our
Enemies particularly againft the Shawanefe and Dela
wares whom they reprefented as the principal Authors
of all the late Troubles, and I know the Difpofition
of thefe People fo well as to forefee that any Attempt
againft the Senecas muft naturally create uneafinefs
amongft the reft of the Confederacy, particularly the
Cayugas and Onondagas who are more conneded with
them than any of y« reft.
I have juft received two Letters from the Lords of
Trade (one dated in Septr the other In Odober laft)
enclofing me the King's Proclamation and expreffing
the Approbation of his Majefty and his MInlfters and
that of their Lordffiips on my late Reprefentations as
alfo his Majefty's Reliance on my Endeavors to bring
Matters to a happy Iffue, and his royal Orders that I
ffiould caufe the Proclamation therewith tranfmitted to
publlffied and ftrldly complied with throughout my
Jurifdidlon, and I am hopeful that within a fmall
Period of Time things may be fettled on a ftill more
fatiffactory Plan.
I am a Stranger to what Caufe the Affembly attrib
ute the unhappy Rupture, which is not a general De
fedlon of the Six Nations as is Infifted, nor indeed of
any others except y® Shawnefe, fome of the Ottawaes
and Chlppawaies, alfo Delawares. I ffiall not take
upon me to point out the original Parfimony, &c. to
which the firft Defection of the Indians can with Juf
tice and Certainty be attributed but only obferve as I
did In a former Letter that the Indians (whofe Friend
ffiip was never cultivated by the Engliffi with that
Attention, Expenfe and Affiduity with which the
French obtained their Favors) were for many Years
jealous of our growing Power, were repeatedly affured
by the French (who were at the Pains of having many
proper

2 1 6 Papers Relating to the
proper Emiffarles among them) that fo foon as we be
came Mafters of this Country we ffiould immediately
treat them with Negled, hem them In with Pofts and
Forts, encroach upon their Lands and finally deftroy
them, all which after the Redudion of Canada feemed
to appear too clearly to the Indians who thereby loft
the great Advantages refulting from the Poffeffion
which the French formerly had of Pofts and Trade in
their Country, neither of which they could have ever
enjoyed but for the Notice they took of the Indians
and the Prefents they beftowed fo bountifully upon
them, which however expenfive they wifely forefaw was
infinitely cheaper and much more effedual than the
keeping of a large Body of regular Troops in their
feverall Countries which however confiderable could
not proted Trade or cover Settlements, but muft re
main cooped up In their Garrlfons or elfe be expofed
to the Ambufcades & Surprifes of an Enemy over whom
from the Nature and Situation of their Country no
Important Advantage can be gained.
From a Senfe of thefe Truths the French chofe the
moft reafonable and moft promifing Plan, a Plan which
has endeared their Memory to moft ofthe Indian Na
tions who would I fear generally go over to them In Cafe
they ever got Footing again In this Country, and who
were repeatedly exhorted and encouraged by the French
(from Motives of Intereft and DIflIke which they will
always poffefs) to fall upon us by reprefenting that
their Liberties and Country were In y^ utmoft Danger
and that a Fleet and Army, was arrived at Quebec, and
an Army coming by way of the Miffiffippi To their Af
fiftance, all which the Indians were perfuaded to credit
until their Meffengers fent to the Illnols returned and
contradided the Report fo Induftrloufly propagated
by the French, which imediately ftruck at our Trade, gave

Indian Wars of ly 67, and 1764. 217
gave them fome diftant Hopes of a reeftabllffiment by
embroiling our Affairs and drew down the valuable
Fur Trade by the way of the Ilyones & MIffiffipI
and the Ind^ once embarked In the Quarrel were eafily
induced by their Succefs and Advantages of Plunder
to continue their Ravages. In the midil of which
however I have the Satlffadlon to find that my un
wearied Labors hath hitherto preferved the whole
Confederacy (Chenuffeos excepted) with many other
Nations and thereby fecured this very Important Com
munication to the Lakes, alfo that by the River St.
Lawrence, together with thefe Weftern Frontiers from
the Fate which hath attended the neighboring Colonies,
to effed thefe important Ends, as I have facrificed all
my Tranquility and domeftic Concerns fo I have the
Pleafure to find myfelf rewarded In the favorable Sen
timents with which his Majefty and the Minlftry have
been lately pleafed to exprefs themfelves concerning
my Labors for the public Welfare.
The prefent unhappy Rupture was long forefeen
and frequently reprefented by me, but I had the Mor
tification to find that it did not meet with fufficient
Credit, which Negled at length brought on the Calami
ties in which we are involved and from which I appre
hend we can never be free unlefs we remove the Jeal-
oufies which the Ind^ entertain of us, and purchafe
their Friendffiip with Favors and Notice, which
Friendffiip once obtained and eftabliffied will enable us
to withdraw our Expenfes by imperceptible Degrees.
Thefe are my Sentiments on the prefent State of
Indian Affairs and the Caufes to which the Hoftilities
are certainly to be attributed and I hope they may tend
to the further Information of any who may be defirous
to enquire Into the Subjed.
The Petition which you fent me I was informed of
29 fome

2 1 8 Papers Relating to the
fome Time ago and that Geo: Klock a Perfon of an
infamous Charader at Conajoharie had made it his
Bufinefs to procure it figned by feyi Perfons (the
greater Part of whom I know to be his Relations and
Retainers, and his own Name is erafed at the Head of
them) whom he perfuaded thereto on Promife of Re
wards and of procuring them Commlffions, which the
ignorant People readily believed, I have however fent
for the Officers complained of and ffiall tranfmit you
my further Inquiries therein. I am Sir, &c.

Letter from the Rev. Samuel Dunlop^ to Sir William
Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir Wilham Johnfon, viii.]
Cherry Valley, Decem"" 25th, 1763.
Honoured Sr :
NOT Refleding upon you, becaufe perhaps the
Matter does not lye alltogether within the com
pafs of your Power, we the Inhabitants of Cherry
Valley, think we are deferted, we hope not of God,
but we think In a great Meafure of Man, and expofed
to the mercylefs Infults of our Enernies without Co
vert or Relief.
1 In 1738, John Lindefay and to fetde upon the Land. The Pro-
others procured a Patent of 8000 pofition was accepted and Mr.
Acres in what is now Cherry Val- Dunlop vifited Londonderry in New
ley, and foon after Mr. L. met in Hampftiire, where feveral of his
New York the Rev. Samuel Dun- Acqaintances refided, and induced
lop and prevailed on him to vifit Numbers to emigrate to the new
the Traft, offering him feveral hun- Traft. Mr. D. was a Native of
dred Acres upon Condition of his the North of Ireland, and had tra-
ufing his Influence with his Friends veled quite extenfively in the Colo-
You

Indian Wars of \ybi and 1764. 219
You know General Amherft was condemned for not
making fome Provlfion for the Safety of the Inhabit
ants by covering the Frontiers, and it was expeded
when he refigned that General Gadge and your Honour,
or the Perfons to whom the Care and Management of
thefe Things were committed (you know beft who
they were) wou'd have made an alteration before now.
But Things feem to remain In ftatu quo, with the poor
and unhappy Fronteers and the Council ofthe Heathen
held fome Time agoe feems to have had Its accompliffi
ment againft all the Places they Intended, us only In this
Quarter efcaped. Matters appear darker and darker
with us, and the Time now feems to be at Hand to
fetch us the intended Blow, and Schoharry's being
warned off we take to be a bad Omen of our aproach-
ing Ruin.
And If Man neither can nor will help us, may All-
mighty God, either ward off the Blow or endow us
with that Firmnefs of Spirit that may make us bear
the Thoughts of Death without Amazement, and
bring our Minds to an equal Poize between the
ftrong Inclinations of Nature to live, and the Didates
of Reafon and Religion that ffiould make us willing
to die when he pleafes.
Death and a deftroying Enemy may curtail a few
Years of this mortal Life, from thofe of us that are old,
nies, particularly in the South. He Wife was killed, but himfelf and
left Ireland under an Engagement Daughter were fpared by Litde
of Marriage which he returned and Aaron, a Mohawk of the Aquago
fulfilled. He opened a School for Branch. He was releafed foon after,
the Inftruftion of Boys, at Cherry but the combined EfFefts of Age,
Valley, and has the Honor of be- Fear, and Cold, led to a Decline,
ginning the firft Grammar School which terminated in Death about a
Weft of Albany within this State. Year after. — Campbell's Hiftory of
In the memorable Maffacre of Tryon Co.
November li, 1778, Mr. Dunlop's but

2 20 Papers Relating to the
but thanks be to God can never deftroy our immortal
Life. But It's a Pity the young and rifing Generation
ffiould be cutt off, and the Hand of the Heathen
embrewed in their Blood, who If fpared, might make
fome Figure in the World and be ufefull to Genera
tions to come, and therefore, if you can mediate any
TImous Relief I beg you may.
For it is but a poor Redrefs to come to our Affiftance
when dead, and to bury our ma[n]gled Corps when
we are gone, which is but too often the fenfelefs Cuf
tom of the Country where we live, tho tis the beft
Redrefs the Cafe will then admit of But the Matter
is to fecure againft the Blow beforehand and therefore
once more I would beg of you Honourable S"" that you
would mediate fome Relief for us, or fome way to
fecure us if in your Power before it be too late. And
if we fall, as Chrlft prayed for his Enemies, Father
forgive them for they know not what they do, fo I
pray God our Blood may never be laid to their Charge
who had it in their Power to help us and did it not.
Pleafe to give my kind Compliments to Capt. Guy
Johnfon & all your good Family. I add no more, but
remain Sr your Humble Supplicant,

Indian Wars of lybi, and 1764. 221
Letter from Sir William Johnfon to Lieutenant
Governor Colden.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, Dec"" 30, 1763.
Dear Sir :
YESTERDAY I was favored with your Letter of
the 19th Inft. in anfwer to mine ofthe 5th.
I have received particular Information of all the late
Tranfadlons at the Detroit, as well from the Officers
as from one of the Mohocks (whom with others I fent
there to be of any Service In their Power), who Is juft
returned from thence charged with feveral Belts, &c.
to me.
As the chiefCaufe ofthe Hoftilities committed by the
Indians was Intended to procure themfelves Redrefs of
fome Wrongs, and to obtain a better treatment, together
with occafional Gifts and Rewards, for the admitting
Pofts In their Country, I am of Opinion their Offers
of Peace arlfe principally from an Expedatlon that
they will for the Future obtain thefe defired Ends
which they could not get by any other Means than by
having recourfe to Arms, having found all amicable
Proceedings ineffedual.
For this Reafon I conclude they have made their
late Offers, and I likewife believe they would abide by
their Promifes if we for the Future gratify their Ex
pedations, but I am fully convinced they will never
preferve Peace on any other Terms.
They know their own Strength and Situation too
well to be as yet apprehenfive of our Refentment, and
they will never want Ammunition whilft the French
can fupply them by the Variety of Communications open

222 Papers Relating to the
open to the weftern Indians and beyond our Power to
ffiut. The Five Nations have had no Occafion to alter their
Behavior, which as It has faved this Communication
and the Frontiers of this Part of y® Province, juftly
entitled them to all neceffary Supplies for themfelves ;
more they did not require, nor are they fo well affeded
to thefe Nations who have made War upon us as to
give them any Ammunition even tho' they had plenty.
Indeed the Indians are very chary of Powder, and
although they often wafte it when they have plenty
(yet that has not been fince the Surrender of Canada)
yet they are not fo weak as to part with It to others,
befides they have never had more than a bare fuffi
ciency, often expended before their hunting Seafon was
near over.
If therefore they ffiould be denied Ammunition it
would Immediately confirm them in the Sentiments
which greatly contributed to produce the Defedlon of
the reft, and would counterad all my Endeavors to
remove that too general Opinion for the fufpeding
their Sincerity w'^ make them dangerous Enemies, and
of this I have had repeated Experience.
I wrote you pretty fully In mine of 24th by which
you will fee the Difficulties which may arlfe In punlffi
ing the Chenafftos and the Advantages which will attend
our turning our Arms againft the reft ofour Enemies,
which will equally anfwer the important Purpofe of
giving them a juft Idea of our Abilities and Refent
ment. As I am well acquainted with the Inclinations of
the friendly Indians I know the lengths they are to be
trufted on the Article of Ammunition, of which I am
certain they wiU make no bad Ufe. It is an Article
fo hard to be procured here, that I have not had It In
mv

Indian Wars of I'jb'i and 1764. 223
my Power to give them what they ftood In y^ greateft
need of, and the Trade being now over they can have
little If any from that Quarter, altho' I muft confefs
the Danger they have run from the Attachment to
which we have hitherto own the Safety of thefe Parts
fufficlently merits fuch a Return from us as will ffiew
them that they are not lofers by their Fidelity.
From what I have heard from the Senecas, as well
as from the good Difpofition of the reft, I ffiould be
induced to hope that that thefe Frontiers might enjoy
a State of Tranquility, at leaft for a Time, but as this
muft be very uncertain (efpecially if the Peace offered
by the Senecas is not accepted of), I apprehend the
two Companies for thefe Frontiers may not be amifs
but I fear they cannot be eafily raifed at this Time, as
I have offered the Warrants to feyl who declined accept
ing of them, by Reafon of the lownefs of the Officer's
Pay, and the Bounty now offered In Albany, &c. for
raifing Men for other Service. Be affured I ffiall give
you imediate Notice in cafe there appears a Profped
for compleating them, at well as give you any further
Intelligence which may come to my Knowledge worthy
your Information, and I have a particular Pleafure In
affuring you how much I am, Dr Sir, &c,

224 Papers Relating to the
Memorial of Indian Traders.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
[Copy.]
TO his Excellency Thomas Gage, Commander-in-
Chief of His Majefty's Forces In America, &c. &c.
May it pleafe your Excellency as we conceive fome
Hopes from the Accounts we have from D'troit of
having a Peace with the Indians In the Spring, and as
your Excellency has the ordering of every thing on
the Continent, knowing your Inclination of ferving
every Perfon to the utmoft of your Power, and your
Excellency's Defire ftrldly to adhere to the good of
his Majefty's Subjeds, we humbly beg leave to Peti
tion your Excellency and reprefent to you the Miffor-
tunes we have labored under from the Plunder that
was made by the Indians at the Time that the Forts
were furprifed, and to hint to you what We think may
be to our private Advantage without any Detriment
to the Nation and wherein our Loffes may be In fome
Meafure repaid without any Retardment to the pub
lick Peace. According to the Cuftom of Trading
feveral Indian Nations having taken up Goods upon
Credit to a very confiderable amount, and are all of
them capable of making Payment for the fame, fome
of them having heard nothing ofthe Indian Warr had
brought their Peltrys to Difcharge their Debts, but on
feeing the Diftrefs we were in their good Intentions
were laid afide and they took a Part with our Enemies.
Thefe are the Indians who have been moft diftreffed
during the Time the Warr has continued, and we hear
are moft defirous of bringing Things to an End. The
Ottawas, the Chipaways, the Miamis, the Pouteouta- mis.

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1764. 225
Saguinaw, Iroquis, &c. with all the Indians who trade
on Lake Superior. If your Excellency thinks proper,
when they propofe Terms of Peace, to mention to
them to pay their Debts, If your Excellency thinks it
will be no Detriment to the Publick Good It will
make us fome Retalllatlon for the exceffive Loffes we
have fuftained, will put us again on a good Footing
for Trade and will relieve from great Diftrefs your
Excellency's Petitioners, and moft dutiful & obed'
Serv'^ . Signed,
Ja's Howard, Hen'y Bostwick,
Jno. Chinn, Forrest Outres,
Edwd Chinn, Gorsen Levy,
James Stanly Goddard, Holmes & Memsen.
Dated 30th Dec"^ 1763-

Letter from T. De Couagne to Sir William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Sir :
IHAVE the Honor to acquaint you on the 20th of
Nov"^ I got hear from the Seneke Caftles the Chiefs
promifed me that they would fend the Horfes here.
The Seneke Indians comes in evry Day, brings in
Bevers and Vennifon and behaves very well, as alfo
the Mifli-fagoes. I have no more to add, but if any
thing happen ffiall inform you, fo conclude.
Y' moft hum^ Serv' to command.
De Couagne.
Niagara, Jan'ry 4th, 1764.
30

226 Papers Relating to the
Letter from Sir Wm. Johnfon to Lieut. Gov. Colden.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, Jan'y I2th, 1764.
Dear Sir :
A GREAT Indifpofition under which I have labor
ed for feveral Days, and from which I am not
yet recovered, prevented my anfwering your Favor of
the 28th ult° fooner.
In my Letter of the 30th ult° I gave you my Sen
timents on the Reafons which induced the Indians to
propofe an Accommodation, as alfo concerning the
Article of Ammunition, reprefenting that none re
ceived any but thofe on whofe Confidence I might
perfedly rely and to whom a Refusal might prove of
dangerous Confequence, and that even the trifle of
Ammunition which they received was too little and too
much valued by them to part with. In my Letter of
the 24th ult° I acquainted you with the Occafion of
my having been vifited by the 5 Nations accompanied
by fome Seneca Deputies.
Laft Week arrived here feveral of the Senecas on
the fame Errand as before, whom I acquainted that I
was not as yet authorized to treat with them on Terms
of Peace, they were followed by the 5 Nations amount
ing to near 300, who came to repeat their Offers of
taking fuch fteps againft our Enemies as I ffiould di
red, to which I have affured them in the beft Manner
I could. But thefe Senecas having come contrary to
my Defire and not being defirous to give any Satlffac-
tion farther than a Promife of affifting us againft the
reft, I have accordingly difmlffed them unttl I hear
from General Gage. I however apprehended a white
Man now amongft them, and who was formerly de
livered

Indian Wars of lyb^^ and 1764. 227
livered up but went back to the Indians and has had
as I am Informed the Treachery to ad againft us In
the late Operations of our Enemies particularly at
Niagara Carrying Place, I ffiall therefore commit him
to Jail.
The Generality of the People have certainly great
Reafon to be Irritated againft the Indians, and I am
glad to find fuch a Spirit of Alertnefs as you exprefs
amongft them, tho' I fear they will not find It an eafy
Matter to puniffi thofe who really deferve it, and the
falling upon thofe yet our Friends and who are confe
quently not aware of any fuch Defign, would I appre
hend be very Imprudent as well as difagreeable to you
fince It muft inevltibly Involve us in a general Quarrel.
The general Thirft for Revenge fo juftly raifed
amongft our People may without proper Inftrudlons
dired Itfelf to a wrong Quarter as was lately the cafe
In Penfihania, to prevent which, as well as to promote
the Succefs of all the hearty Volunteers I muft obferve
that the greateft Part of our Enemies are removed a
great way up the Cayuga or Tohicon [?] Branch of
Sufquehanna. Thofe of Wawiloofin (our Friends) are
gone chiefly to Philadelphia and the reft are removed
to Chughnot on the Sufquehanna, fo that our Enemies
chiefly refide from Diaoga^ up that Branch, viz' Sing-
fink, P epiquaghquey , &c. The meeting of thefe our
Enemies is very uncertain, as they have not made any
long Refidence at any Place fince the Commencement
of Hoftilities, but the Indians of Caneftio, a Village
between Chenuffio & Fort Augufta, who are chiefly
Renegadoes of profllcate Fellows from fev^ Nations,
& who murdered the two Traders in Nov"' 1762,2 are
¦•• Tioga. ders Sir William Johnfon fent up
2 Upon learning of thefe Mur- Lieut. Johnfon to attend a Meeting very

22 8 Papers Relating to the
very proper Subjeds of our Refentment and have
been Principals in carrying on Hoftilities.
I heartily wiffi that whatever Party goes out, may
be able to ftrike fuch a Blow as will give the Indians
In general a good Opinion of our Abilities, but to give
any Hopes of Succefs In my Opinion it will be necef
fary that they ffiould at leaft confift of 400 Men, and
thofe expert and well qualified for the Service, ac
quainted with the Woods and furniffied with Snow
Shoes and all other neceffary Articles. The dlftreffing
and annoying the Enemy In Winter If well conduded
muft prove very ufeful. I am now preparing fome
Parties of trufty Indians for that Purpofe of which I
hope the General will approve.
As the Trade by Reafon of the War hath been at
an end for fome Time I apprehend it will not be
thought advifable to grant any Paffes till Matters are
better fettled, whenever that may happen I am humbly
of Opinion that you will judge it neceffary the Traders
ffiould give Security for their fair Dealings, and alfo
be permitted to trade at the principal Pofts only, as
Fort Stanwix, Ontario, Niagara, &c. At thefe Pofts
they will be in the moft fecurity and their Condud can
be beft enquired into, which if juftly blameable and fo
reprefented by the com'^g Officer they may forfeit their
Recognizance, for the Indulging them In a liberty of
trading in the Indian's Country or at their Caftles, wiU
always produce Complaints from the latter, of Frauds
and Extortion, as well as render the Traders liable to
be murdered, and their Effeds feized on any fiiture
Quarrel which may happen.
called at Onondaga to infift on the apprehend the Murderers they would
immediate Apprehenfion of the themfelves go in queft of them—
guilty Parties, but the upper Na- Letters of Sir William Johnfon to
tions did not attend and the reft of Lieut. Colonel Wm. Eyre and Gov
the Indians could do nothing but Monckton.
promife that if the Senecas did not
With

Indian Wars of lybT, and iy6:^. 229
With fome Difficulty I have got Perfons to accept
of the Warr** for raifing the 2 Companies for the Se
curity of this Frontier, and I am juft now informed
they are almoft compleated with good Men. I ffiall
accordingly have them muftered and report to you
thereon. As Lt. Johnfon, who by his Majefty's Proclamation
is entitled to a Grant of Land, is defirous to know the
Limits within which you confider the fame may be
granted, I muft requeft the Favour of your informing
me on that Head, alfo your Diredlons concerning the
Steps he is to take therein and whether he Is entitled
to his Share as Captain of the Provincials in 1758, or
is to abide by his Title as Lieut, of the Independent
Companies. I am with very perfed efteem, &c.
P. S. I have great Reafon to apprehend that many
mercenary Perfons inhabiting along the River fell
Ammunition and other Articles to the Senecas, I could
heartily wiffi you could Interpofe your Authority to
prevent the like for the Future.

Letter from Sir William Johnfon to the Commanding
Officers of the New Tork Provincials at German
Flats.
[MSS. of Sir WiUiam Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, Jan'y 19th, 1764.
Sir:
AS fome Deputies from the Senecas, our Enemies,
who have been here with a Meffage from their
Nation to me, are now returning Home and being pro
bably not fo weU difpofed as they pretend, may be In
duced

230 Papers Relating to the
duced to do fome Mifchief at or about the German
Flatts, thefe are therefore to defire you will be fuffi
clently on your guard to prevent them, and in Cafe
they ffiould attempt Injury the Perfons or Properties
of the Inhabitants or the Troops under your Com
mand, you will immediately feize upon them (taking
Care that none efcape) and fend them down Prifoners
to Albany, under a ftrong Guard, fufficient to prevent
them from getting off.
In Cafe you find it neceffary to take this Step It will
require the utmoft Precaution to be taken to prevent
the greater Part of them from efcaping, which will in
a great Meafure defeat the Defign propofed by making
them Prifoners. I am Sir your moft humble Servt.
P. S. The Inhabitants will enable you to diftingulffi
the Senecas, who are upwards of 20, but It will not be
prudent to mention my Name as the Occafion of their
being apprehended at this Jundure. Should any of
the Inhabitants fell them any Ammunition, Clothing
or other Neceffarles, you will immediately give me
Notice thereof, and alfo prevent them for the Future
from trading with any Indians who have been in Arms
againft the Engliffi.

Letter from John Stuart to Sir William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Charles Town, i 6th January, 1764.
Sir :
SINCE my laft of loth December I have not had
the Pleafure of hearing from you.
I have not as yet received any Information about the

Indian Wars of lyb^ and iy6/\.. 231
the Tufcarora Indians, as foon as I do, you may de
pend on its being communicated to you.
On the 24th ultimo 14 of our back Settlers upon
Long Cane River were murdered, and we have fince
found out by feven Creeks, who for fome Years paft
refided In the Cherokee Nation. The Creeks have
fent me a Talk upon the Occafion and difclalm the
Murder and the Murderers, who fay they, the Chero
kees ought to kill to ffiow their Innocence. I have
fent off Talks to all the Nations within my Diftrld,
but I muft acquaint you that In this Department every
Governor ads as if he were fole Agent, they will hardly
be direded by each other and do not confult me, fo
that It is odds but we counterad each other ; this re
quires fome Regulation.
By next Opportunity I will write you fully, it being
my Intention to keep you regularly informed of the
Occurrences within the Department.
I am with great Refped,
Sir, your moft obedient
Humble Servant,
John Stuart,

Letter from Sir Wm. Johnfon to Lieut. Gov. Penn,
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, Jany 20th, 1764.
Sir :
I HAD the Favor of your Letter ofthe 31ft ult. and
fifth of this inft., together with the Enclofures, and
I heartily congratulate you on your Arrival to your
Government, wiffiing that your Appointment may
prove to your entire Satlffadlon, The

232 Papers Relating to the
The Steps you have taken to difcover thofe raffi
Offenders were certainly very judicious as weU as highly
neceffary and I am hopefull they may be attended with
Succefs for bringing them to Juftice.
I apprehend that after their firft Offence in murder
ing the 6 Indians at Coneftoga their miftaken Refent
ment would have ended, and that firft Ad was fufficient
to create much uneafinefs amongft all the Indians, but
their laft public Infult to the Laws and the Govern
ment itfelf certainly demands the moft ftrid Enquiry
as well as the fevereft Punlffiment.
You may be affured I ffiall ufe every Argument with
the Six Nations, for removing the unfavorable Ideas
which they muft certainly entertain of fuch a Proceed
ing, as well as to fatlsfy them that your Government
highly difapproves of It and will feverely puniffi the
Offenders, but I am aware of their Sentiments on the
Subjed and [am] greatly apprehenfive It will ftagger
the Affedlons of the 5 hitherto well affeded Nations,
who confider the Indians of your Government as con
neded with them and under their Protedlon, and as
the murdered have been all along peaceably inclined,
the friendly Indians in thefe Parts may be induced to
doubt our Faith and Sincerity toward themfelves from
the unhappy Fate of our late Friends in Pennfilvania,
which will caufe them to exped the fame Treatment
whenever It Is in our Power to deftroy them. This I
fear may greatly check the Ardor they have lately ex
preffed to me of affifting us againft our Enemies and
even fplrit up many to obtain Revenge within your
Government. The Threats which the riotous Parties have fince
thrown out, that they would deftroy the Indians in the
Neighborhood and under the Protedlon of Philadel
phia, favors fo much of Madnefs that I cannot acc't for

Indian Wars of \y62, and 1764. 233
for them. Your gratifying the Indians Requeft thereon
of coming to me muft therefore appear pleafing to
them, but I have juft received a Letter from Lieut.
Gov. Colden informing me that the Council "have
advifed him not to admit them into this Province."
This will probably prevent me from feeing them, and
I heartily wiffi their return back may not expofe them
to freffi Infults, which would certainly occafion a
general Defedlon.
Several Deputies from the Enemy Senecas have
been lately with me here, making fome friendly Offers
of Peace, but I am convinced that nothing but a good
Treatment accompanied with occafional Favors will
ever enfure a lafting Peace from the jealous Sentiments
which our Enemies entertain of the Engliffi and the
Prefents the French have accuftomed them to, for the
Toleration the Indians afforded them in their Country
infomuch that any future Negled on our Parts will
immediately produce a difcontent and apprehenfion of
our Defigns which will inevitably occafion a renewal
of Hoftilities, fo that a Peace made with thefe People
without proper fubfequent Steps to remove thefe Jeal-
oufies and eftabliffi a good Opinion with the Indians
is always liable to be violated to the great Detriment
of Trade and the certain Deftrudlon of the Frontier
Inhabitants w"^ their Dwellings, and the Expenee in
which the Crown muft be Involved to fupprefs fuch
Devaftatlons will certainly am' to a much greater Sum
(indep' of the Lofs the Provinces muft fuftain) than
would conciliate the Affedlons of the Ind^ and enable
us to extend our Settlements and Trade with the ut
moft Security.
I heartily wiffi that the Law you have propofed may
be agreed to by the Affembly, as It appears to me highly
3 1 neceffary

2 34 Papers Relating to the
neceffary and effentlal as well to the Credit as the Safety
ofthe Province. I am with great Efteem
Sir, Your moft obed' humble Serv'
Letter from Sir Wm. Johnfon to Lieut. Col. Eyre.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, Jany 29th, 1764.
Dear Sir :
ITH ANK you for your interefting Letter of the 7th
Inft. which I would have fooner anfwered but for
the Bufinefs in w**"^ I have been engaged for this Fort
night paft with a large Number of the 5 Nations and
fome Seneca Deputies.
It would have given me much Pleafure to have feen
you on your Return from Niagara. I difpatched a
Letter in anfwer to yours, with Diredlons that it
might be left at Ontario till you came back, which I
hope you received altho' I underftand you did not
return by that Poft.
I cannot but coincide In Opinion with you on the
greateft Part of what you have mentioned on Ind°
Affairs, and I could wiffi for the good of the Public
that every Perfon had been of the fame way of think
ing, which might have proved a Means of preventing
the many Loffes we have lately felt.
The Caufes to which the Defedlon of the Indians
may be attributed are: Firft. Their Jealoufy of our
growing Power, and occupancy of the Outpofts where
they neither met with the fame Treatment nor reaped
any of the Advantages which they enjoyed in the Time
of the French. Secondly. The Reports induftrioufly propogated

Indian Wars of lyG^ and 1764. 235
propogated by many of the French, tending to fet our
Defigns in the moft odious Light and to reprefent the
Indians as being on the Brink of being enflaved.
It will not appear extraordinary that the French who
had purchafed the Ind^ Favour at a high Price ffiould
obtain Credit from fuch a Reprefentation, efpecially
when there were but too many concurring Circum
ftances to ftrengthen the Belief of a People naturally
credulous and jealous of their Liberties. The Indians
began with Remonftrances, reprefented many Griev
ances and demanded Redrefs. Their Complaints I
communicated from Time to Time with my Sentiments
and Apprehenfions thereon, but the Inconfiderable
Opinion too unlverfally entertained, of their fmall
Power and Abilities occafioned it to be treated with
Negled. To particularize all their Complaints would
exceed the Bounds of a Letter ; it will be fufficient to
obferve that I declared it as my Opinion that the In
dians would not be totally negleded, but that (after
redrefs of their Grievances) we ffiould cultivate to the
utmoft of our Power a good Underftanding with them,
at leaft until we became more formidable and our
Frontiers better eftabliffied, and this I thought we
could effed at an Expenfe infinitely lefs than any other
Method, and on Principles the beft adapted for fecur
ing Peace, promoting Trade and encreafing our Fron
tiers. The Expenee, Difficulty and Dangers attending
other Expedients, the ftagnation of Trade, deftrudlon
ofour Pofts and Frontiers, and the fmall Advantages
to be gained by a War with us, are now obvious to
moft People, and are fo well reprefented in your Letter
that they need not to be enlarged upon.
The Difficulty and even ImpoffibUIty of fecuring
our Communications or maintaining our Outpofts contrary

236 Papers Relating to the
contrary to the Indians Inclinations is very clear to
me, but I am pretty certain we can purchafe all thefe
Advantages and fecure their Inclinations by a proper
Treatment which will gain us a fufficient Credit with
them, and awe of this Country, as it will remove all
their Prejudices and which no other Steps can effed.
The Inland fmall Pofts don't appear to me very necef
fary, they are too great a Temptation to the Ind^ when
ever they are induced to quarrel, and from their Dif
tance and difficulty of obtaining Succours muft always
fall into their Hands. The fame Reafons induce me
to think, that the Perfons and Property of Traders
would be fafe amongft them, for whilft there are any
French there, they will certainly thro' Jealoufy pro
mote a Quarrel, and even were there none there the
Expenee of tranfporting Goods is fo great, that they
muft fell at a Price which would not be agreable to the
Indians as well as be guilty of many Frauds not in the
Power of an Officer to difcover or prevent. Whereas
the Indians (who think little of going a great way to
purchafe Neceffarles) would find them cheaper at our
large Pofts, and the Traders would be lefs expofed to
Rifque. Wherever we can have a good Communication by
Water, we might tolerably well maintain Pofts, and if
fome fmall Veffels are kept up on Lake Erie, Detroit or
even Michilimackinac might be kept up, the latter being
well fituated for drawing down the northern Furs.
After all that can be faid, we ffiall be liable to many
Broils, till the French Inhabitants and Jefuits are re
moved, the latter (being no longer a Society in France)
we might very well appropriate their Lands to his
Majefty's Ufe. I dare fay they would be fufficient to
endow a Bifhoprick in Canada, and for good Miffiona-
ries, and I imagine an Epifcopal Foundation in that
Country

Indian Wars of 1763 and iy6\. 237
Country would greatly contribute to bring over the
French, and make good Subjeds of them in Time.
The late Offers of Peace made by fome of the Na
tions has been greatly promoted by the Attachment
the 5 Nations, Indians of Canada, &c. have manifefted
during the Courfe of the War, which makes our Ene
mies dread they will accompany our Troops againft
them In the Spring, for they have much more Reafon
to fear Indians than the beft Troops In the World.
Indeed the beforement^ Nations have made me fo
many Offers of Service that I have no doubt of their
Sincerity, and I am now fending out a confiderable
Party of Oneidas and Tufcaroras who I hope will greatly
diftrefs our Enemies, as well as convince them that we
are not without Allies of their own fort. This will
likewife contribute to difunite them, a Circumftance
too important to be negleded.
Whenever the prefent unhappy Trouble ffiall be
ended by an Accomodation, I truft fuch Meafures will
be taken at Home as may enfure a lafting Peace to
the Northern Colonies, on which Subjed I have lately
received fome Letters from the Lords of Trade expreff
ing his Majefty's favourable Sentiments and thofe of
their Lordffiips concerning my late Reprefentations.
I am heartily forry to hear that the Animofitles In
England have not fubfided, as fuch Party Differences
muft greatly prejudice public Affairs and tend to divert
the Attention of the Minlftry from many important
Objeds of public Concern. Letter

238 Papers Relating to the
Letter from John R. Hanfen to Sir Wm. Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir WiUiam Johnfon, viii.]
Schoharie, Capt. Thos. Eckkers, )
Feby ift, 1764. j
Honoured Sir :
AFTER Lt. Coll. Van Derhyden's muftering my
Men, I immediately march'd for this Place
where I arrived with my Men 28th of January, and
have proceeded perfuant to your Order in getting the
Men quartered in the moft convenient Manner with
the Advice ofthe Juftlces and Cap'^ of Militia.
I have fince fent one of my L'^to the uppermoft
Part of Scohare with a Command of 16 Men, which
was judged moft neceffary, whom I have order'd to be
ftation'd in the beft Manner the Situation of that Part
would permitt off.
The remainder 34 Men I have with Advice quar
tered within a Mile hereabout, if there ffiou'd be any
Occation to fend out Scouting Parties there's no Poffi-
bility of getting any Snow Shoes, at this Place, if they
ffiou'd be wanted. I am. Honoured Sir,
Yours at Command, John R. Hansen.
To the HonWe Sir Wm. Johnfon, Bart. Extrad

Indian Wars of lybT, and 1764. 239
ExtraSi from a Letter from Ferrall Wade to Sir
William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir WiUiam Johnfon, viii.]
Philad* Feby 6th, 1764.
Sir:
YOUR Fav"" ofthe 5th Jan? was handed me a few
Days ago, which I ffiould have anfwered before
now but being in continual Alarms on account of a
Numb'^ of People comeing from the Frontiers in Arms
with an Intent to murder all the Indians in this City
and under the Protedlon of this Government, but the
Opofition they met with by moft Part of the Inhabit
ants being in a Pofture of Defence obliged them to
return as they came, excepting two, which was apointed
to lay fome Grievances before the Government.

Letter from Sir William Johnfon to Gen. Burton.
[MSS. of Sir WiUiam Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, Feby nth, 1764.
Sir :
CAPT. Claus, my Deputy for Canada will deliver
you this, as I would not fend him to this Duty
without doing myfelf the Pleafure of writing you, as
well as giving you fome Account of the prefent State
of Affairs in this Quarter.
The Indians of five out ofthe fix Nations who from
the Commencement of the prefent Indian War have
ffiewn great Zeal and Attachment towards the Engliffi
have thereby preferved thefe Frontiers and the Import ant

240 Papers Relating to the
ant Communication to Ontario, both of which muft
have Inevitably fallen but for their Fidelity. As I am
now impowered to comply with their Requeft of going
upon Service, I have accordingly equipped a party of
near 200 Indians accompanied by fev' Indian Officers,
&c. who marched two Days ago (nothwithftanding the
Snow is here 3 Feet deep) againft the Delawares, Sha
wanefe and others our Enemies in that Quarter, and I
have great Hopes that their Operations will be attended
with Succefs, as it muft appear evident that they are
the beft calculated to go In queft of one another, and
that the engaging them as Party's in the War, will
effedually create a DIvifion among them w'ch will
prove a great Check to their Power hereafter.
As the Indians of Canada have likewife aded a very
good Part and made me Offers of Service when here
laft Year, I ffiall likewife put their Zeal to a Trial, no
thing doubting but It muft ftrike a great Damp on the
Spirits of our (hitherto elated) Enemies, when they
fee the Strength of our Alliances and that they are
liable to be attacked on all Sides even by their own
Sort, which will greatly contribute to the Succefs of
the approaching Campaign, and make our Enemies
very cautious how they violate a Peace hereafter with a
People who can employ one Nation againft another.
Capt. Claus will give you any further Particulars
neceffary for your Information on the prefent Pofture
of Affairs in the Indian Department.
I fincerely wiffi you an eafy and agreable Govern
ment and remain with much efteem.
Sir, &c. Letter

Indian Wars of lyG^, and ly 64.. 241

Letter from Thomas McKee to Sir William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir WiUiam Johnfon, viii.]
Hon. Sir :
MY Son returned Home the ift Inft, when I was
honoured with your Warrant, Inftrudlons and
Favour of the 3d January. I was extremely forry to
hear of your Indifpofition & fincerely hope you had a
fpeedy Recovery.
I make no doubt but my Son at that Time informed
you ofthe Condud ofthe Frontier Inhabitants of this
Province^ who murdered fix Connlftogo Indians at

¦•^ The Diforders here alluded to
have been known in Hiftory as the
Paxton Riots, from ha\'ing origin
ated in the little Town of Paxton
on the Eaft Bank ofthe Sufquehanna,
a Place which had been burned,
and many of its Inhabitants butch
ered in 1755. A Band of Rangers
had been formed here under the
Aufpices of the Rev. John Elder,
under the Command of Matthew
Smith. The irritation of Feehng
towards the domefticated Indians on
the Sufquehanna, in Confequence
of fome Murders by unknown Par
ties, led the Government to gather
the Moravian Indian Converts of
Nain, and Wecquetank near the
Lehigh, and of Wyalufing near
Wyoming, numbering about 140
Perfons, to PhUadelphia for Protec
tion. It required all its Strength
to proteft the defencelefs and peace
ful Indians from thc ferocious Abufe
of the excited Frontierraen, and as
they paffed on their way to the
32

Afylum provided they were every
where threatened, and at German-
town came nigh being murdered by
the Mob that followed them. They
were marched to the Barracks but
the Soldiers refufed to receive them
and boldly fet the Governor's Or
ders at defiance. After ftanding
feveral Hours before the Barracks
furrounded by the infulting Mob,
they were marched down the Street
and condufted to Providence Ifland
below the City, where Buildings
were haftily prepared for them by
the Quakers.
About the Middle of December,
1763, it was reported to Smith,
Leader of the Paxton Rangers, that
an Indian who had committed fome
Depredations, had been traced to
Caneftoga, a fmall Iroquois Setde
ment near the Sufquehanna, and not
far from Lancafter. Without wait
ing for a Confirmation of the Story
or its Circumftances, a Refoludon
was at once formed, with the Con-
thelr

242 Papers Relating to the
their Town near Lancafter, being aU that were at Home
at that Time except two Boys who made their Efcape
from them. The remaining Part fourteen in Number,
Women and ChUdren, being difperf'd through the
Country were feized by the Sheriff and Maglftrates of
the County and confined in the Work houfe of Lancaf
ter, in order to guard them, but upon the back In
habitants receiving Information of this, they again

fequences detailed in the above Let
ter. Mr. Elder ufed all his Influ
ence to divert his Neighbours from
their barbarous Purpofe, as they
were about to fet out for Lancafter,
but with the Fury of Demons they
rufhed forward on their Errand of
Blood. Breaking into the Jail on
the 27th of December, they mur
dered fourteen Men, Women and
Children. Before the Magiftrates
and Citizens could be raUied tbe
white Savages were gone, and no
thing remained to be done but to
give decent Burial to the mangled
and mutilated Remains of thefe
friendly Natives. The News of
this Outrage quickly fpread through
the Country and aroufed the Qua
kers in particular to loud and bitter
Denunciations of the Aft. The
Memory of Indian Murders, ftill
frefh throughout the frontier Coun
ties, led many to fympathize with
the Rioters, to which they were ra
ther inftigated than deterred by the
indifcriminate and fweeping Abufe
of the Quakers, which included not
only the Rioters themfelves, but the
whole Preftjyterian Seft. Embold
ened by this Sentiment, the guilty
Parties openly proclaimed their
Achievement as in the higheft De

gree meritorious, defended it by
Reafon and Scripture, and defied the
civil Authorities in any Attempt at
Punifliment. They even went further, and
reeking with the Blood of the paf-
five Viffims of their Fury, they re
folved to complete the Work of
Death upon the Moravian Indians
gathered at Philadelphia. An arm
ed Mob marched towards that City
at about the laft of December, with
the avowed Purpofe of Murder, if
not of overturning the Government
and expelfing the Quakers, whofe
Sympathies with the Indians were
bitterly denounced and whofe Mo
tives were unfcrupuloufly impugned.
At Midnight on the 4th of January,
the Authorities, hearing of the Ap
proach of this Party, haftily march
ed the Indians through the Streets,
and having been fuppUed by their
Friends with a few Neceffarles, they
were efcorted to Trenton, and from
thence to Amboy, with the View of
fending them to the Proteftion of
Sir WiUiam Johnfon; but before
notifying either him or the Govern
ment of New York of this Intendon
or afking Permiffion.
At Amboy they were met by a
pofitive Order from the Governor
affembled

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1764. 243
affembled themfelves in a Body and came down armed
to Lancafter, broke open the Work houfe and In a
moft inhuman Manner butchered the whole, fparing
neither Women or Children, an Adion I look upon
not inferior to any of the Cruelties committed by the
Savages iince the Commencement of the late or pre
fent War. As to my Knowledge thefe Indians have
lived all their Lives within eight Miles of Lancafter,

of New York, forbidding their En
trance into that Province, and foon
after from theGovernorof New Jer
fey, requiring them to leave the Ter
ritory of that Province. They were
marched back to Philadelphia under
a Guard of Regulars, and quartered
in the Barracks where the Soldiers,
conquered by the meek Endurance
and patient Suffering of the Indians,
received them. The Paxton Boys
hearing of the Return of their Vic
tims, rallied in great Numbers, the
City was thrown into Uproar, and
for feveral Days it was the Scene of
intenfe Excitement, and aftive Pre
paration for Defenfe. The Ad
vance of the Infurgents was checked
by this Show of Refiftance, and the
Affair finaUy ended in Negotiation.
The humane and fagacious Sir
WiUiam Johnfon, perceiving the
Perils that would attend the March
of thefe Indians through the Interior,
upon application immediately de-
vifed a Plan for their removal from
Amboy to Albany, and their Sup
port among his friendly Indians
until the Tumult was over. The
Viftams of thefe Riots, fhut up in
their Barracks, fuffered dreadfully
from the Small Pox, which deftroy
ed a third of their Number. In
about a Year after their Arrival,

quiet having been reftored in thc
back Settlements, and Peace with all
the Northern Tribes, thefe Converts
were aUowed to. return with their
Miffionaries to their wafted Fields,
and the Sites of their burned Cabins,
on the Banks of the Sufquehanna.
The Government was too fenfi
ble of the exafperated Feeling which
prevailed in the Interior to attempt
any Arrefts until nearly eight Years
after, when Lazarus Stewart was
apprehended on a Charge of mur
dering the Indians at Coneftoga.
Learning that his Trial was to
come off in Philadelphia, where
Conviftion would have been certain,
he broke Jail, called a Number of
old Affociates around him, and fet
ting the Provincial Government of
Pennfylvania at Defiance, withdrew
to Wyoming and joined the Con-
nefticut Settlers in that VaUey. It
is not improbable that the Defola
tlon of that Setdement by the In
dians and their Tory Companions
in the Revolution, a few Years after,
may have had fome Conneftion
with their Knowledge ofthe Retreat
of the former Butchers of their
Kindred. (Parkman's Pontiac;
Lojkiel; Hazard's Pa. Regifter ;
Rupp's York and Lancafter; Sparks's
Franklin.) In

244 Papers Relating to the
in Peace and Quietnefs with their Neighbours, and I
do not believe were ever concerned againft us.
The Government made fome faint Efforts to find
the Heads of thefe People, which only encourage their
Impudence, as I am Informed a few Days agoe, to the
Number of three hundred affembled themfelves In
Arms and came down to Phllad^ in order to cut off
fome Indians the Government have here, but upon
fome Promifes being made them by the Government,
they have diffuaded them from murdering thofe in
Philad^' and they are return'd Home again, and they
now carry Things to great Length as to threaten the
Lives of fundry private People who have not agreed
with them In Opinions but condemned this as a moft
deteftable Murder, and not only contrary to the Laws
of Government but Chriftianity, and every thing that
ought to diftingulffi us from Savages, as this leaves us
no Room to find Fault with their killing our innocent
People In cold Blood, as they may now fay we are
fatlated in the fame Manner on them. I ffiould be far
from efpoufing their Caufe did I not think they were in
nocent, as no Perfon has fuffered more by the Savages
than I have done, and I ffiould have thought the People
who have thus behaved more excufable If they had cut off
in Phllad* maintain'd at the Public Expenee, as there
is fome Reafon to believe that fome of thefe have aded
againft us. But the others in a Manner were become
white People, and expeded the fame Protedlon from
us. I thought proper to acquaint your Ho"" with this
Affair, as you might perhaps want to acquaint the In
dians with the true Circumftances relating to it.
My Son prefents his Compliments to your Honour
and begs If you have not fent a Warant for his Ace'
that you would be kind enough to forward one as foon
as it may be convenient to you & If it likewife fults
your

Indian Wars of 1763 and iy6c\.. 245
your Conveniency I ffiould be glad your Hon^ would
accompany It with one to me for fome Money, as I
am really at prefent in Neceffity.
I have nothing further to add, but that I am with
greateft Refped, your Honour's
moft obedient and very humble Servant,

^T^kirry^J cyfe ^

Part of a Letter from Colonel Bradftreet to General
Amherft.
[Bradftreet and Amherft MSS., p. 146.]
Albany, 20th Feb. 1764.
Dear Sir :
YOUR Excellency's Favor of the 13th Inftant was
delivered me yefterday. The Boats for 2000
Men only have long fince been built and I diredly ftopt
building any more untill your farther Diredlons.
To fix the Number of Carriages [at] the Carrying
Place at Niagara, it will be neceffary to know whether
you would have all the Provifions, Stores, &c. tranf
ported acrofs before the Troops proceed to any other
Service, and what Number of Days you would have
taken up on that Service only. Gen^ Amherft talk'd
to me of leaving 600 Men at the Poft to the weftward
of Neagara with 18 Month Provifions; if that Is ftill
to be the Cafe, and our whole Numbers amount to no
more than 2000, it will require about 6000 Barrells
(for your Ex. knows we ffiould not count by Ounces but

246 Papers Relating to the
but give a proper Allowance for the Kind of Service)
which will take 50 Ox Carts 1 5 Days to carry it a crofs
at a full Load of 8 Barrells each Trip, exclufive of
every thing for the Veffels & Pofts to be eftabliffied ;
but if Accidents, which we certainly muft exped from
the Diftance the Cattle have to go & the badnefs of
great Part ofthe Road, of which Major Moncrief can
inform you, the Time required would be much longer.
As for the Boats I ffiall begin to provide as many
Horfes & Carriages as ffiall be fufficient to carrying
them over with the Baggage of Troops in Proportion
to the Ox Carts. By this your Excellency fees It is
moft probable the Tranfportatlon at Neagara will laft
three Weeks at leaft ; a long Time indeed, but it
would be impertinent In me to urge to one fo well in
form'd as you are of their Treachery and good Senfe
of the Savages the abfolute Neceffity of entering this
inland Country with a Difpatch hitherto thought by
them impradlcable in us, and more particularly fo
ffiould our Strength fail fo prodigioufly ffiort of the
Threats denounced againft them & the Pains taken to
let them know It and therefore doubt not you will
think it neceffary to dired me to augment the Number
of Carriages to do the Work in the Number of Days
you ffiall judge we ought to remain on that Carrying
Place. I take It for granted I muft provide Teamfters &
Waggons, but In this I ffiaU not ad untill I receive
your Exl^ Diredlons upon it.
I hope Gov. Murrayi will not difappoint you, and
I alfo hope the Eaftern Affemblys will think no Credit
ought to be given to an Indian Peace but what comes

re-

^ James Murray had been ap- 21ft of November previous. He^
pointed Governor of Canada on the mained in Office until June, 1 766. to

Indian Wars of lybT, and 1764. 247
to their .... diredly from you, which I am perfuaded
they need not exped this Spring.
Letter from Henry Mont ure, Wm. Hare and John
Johnfton to Sir William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir WiUiam Johnfon, viii.]
Kaunawau Kohare, Feb. 21, 1764.
Sir William :
SIR: The Bearer hereof pleafe to deliver eight
Dollars for which we war forc'd to do for the good
ofthe Service, for a Hog for the Warrlours to make a
Feaft as we could not do any otherwafe as' tha faid it was
a cuftomary Thing and they hope Sir William would
not make any DIfferance now, and pleafe to fend Paper
and Sealing Wax up to their Prieft as I have ufed fome
of his Paper and Wax. A Quire and Stick of Sealing
Wax. Pleafe to fend no more, but we remain
Your humW® Serv'^
Henry Monture,
William Hare,
John Johnston.

The Same to the Same.
[MSS. of Sir WiUiam Johnfon, vii.]
KuANA Wahohare, Feb. 21, 1764.
Sir William :
AFTER our Refpeds to you we muft inform you
ofthe Reafon ofour detainment here, at this Place,
we being In great Confufion here ever fince our Arrival
for Reafon why, becaufe one Conokuiafi and one big
Nichols

248 Papers Relating to the
Nichols of Oneida haft fent two Belts through the Six
Nations to the SInackefs to tell them of all our De
figns and force this Caftle to likewife comply with their
evil Purpofes, and one young Warrior called Wyyau-
taukeen from old Oneida has faid he would very foon
fcalp fome white People and then immediately fly to
the Six Nations, and there is one of the Head Warriors
call"^ Cut the Pumpkin has fent Word he will meet us
at Teurogoa to try what we are, and he wiffies to fee
Jacob the Mlkouder^ of Stockbridge as he Is fo long a
coming when he could have the Impudence to pre
tend to withftand him. Laft Evening we received
yours dated the 12th Inftant wherein we acquainted the
Indians your giving your Love to theire Warriors and
Chiefs and then your Defire of their exciting them
felves in this Affair, depending which ffiould never be
forgot, and would redound unto their Credit hereafter,
and your Defire ofour puffiing on and not delaying our
Time in Things of no Confequence or Moment, and
likewife the hearty Wiffies of all the Governors and
Chiefs of the Country and Prayer of all good People.
The Anfwer ofthe Indians to your Letter :
Friend and loving Brother Wawaukaugee, we return
you Thanks for your good Will and Complement to
us and likewife the Complement of the Governors and
Chiefs. We ffiould have been fet out before had It
not been for them Belts fent by Conokgoraffe and
Nichols as we had Reafons to think what would be
the Confequences that might likely attend us and this
Body ofour Enemy coming down againft us, for which
Reafons Brother, we muft acquaint you that yefterday
our Chief Warrior Cowaha fet out for Onandaug in order
to fee if the upper Nations would come down at the re-
1 Mohegan. queft

Indian Wars of lyS^ and 1764. 249
queft of them Belts and he to try his beft to alter there
Minds and fend them back, and at his Return they
im^en the whole Party will joyn us. However tomor
row Morning early we fet [out] from this on our March
for Auqquage and what Warriors have a Mind to joyn
us to proceed and the reft to follow us as foon as Go-
waha returns. Thefe Indians defire you would fend
for thefe Fellows to know the Meaning of their fending
this Belt and let fome of thefe Indians come down alfo
along with them that he may hear what they have to fay
for themfelves. The aforefaid Cut the Pumpkin fent
Word by Capt. Monture to come along as he would be
very glad to fee him, and we hope Sir William will hurry
all of them that Is behind to puffi up to Auqquage
to joyn us fo as in Cafe of a Retreat that we will be
able to puffi on them again and indeavour to rout
them. The Indians of this Caftle requeft of Sir Wil
liam that you would be fo goqd as to fupply their
Women with Provifions if required at Fort Stanwix
in a reafonable Manner and that what few Men there
is left accordingly you will fupply them with Fire Arms
and Ammunition, and fuch Things as they will be
ffiort of in cafe of an Attack.
No more at prefent, but our Advice to you, to be
on your guard In and on every Part gf tjig Mohawk
River, Schohary, Stone Rauby and Cherry Vally.
We remain your fincear and ever devoted hum^ Serv'^
till Death. Henry Monture,
William Hare,
John Johnston,
33 Letter

250

Papers Relating to the

Letter from Robert McKeen^ to Sir Wm. Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Cherry Valley, February 25th, 1764.

Sir
HAVE thought proper to acquaint you with the
prefent State of my Company and have the Pleaf
ure to acquaint you that they are all in a good State
and in high Spirits.
I have kept a regular Guard at Capt. Wells^ ever
fince I arrived at this Settlement, and reviews my Men
every Week and has them ftationed in the beft Man
ner I could for the Protedlon of this Settlement.
I ffiould be glad If your Honour wou'd let me know
if it is neceffary to fend a monthly Return to the Lt.
Governor. I am Sir your moft Humble Serv'

Jlo^p/^

1 Captain McKean refided at
Cherry Valley and early in 1776
raifed a Company of Rangers for
the Proteftion of that Place. He
was an enterprifing and fearlefs Par-
tizan, and was mortally wounded in
the Summer of 1 78 1 in an Expedi
tion againft a Tory Band in the
Border of Schoharie Co. — Camp-
belPs Tryon Co.
^ Mr. Robert Wells and his
Family perifhed in the Maffacre of

Cherry VaUey, Nov. ii, 1778.
The Family confifted of himfelf,
his Mother and Wife, and four
Children, his Brother and Sifter
and three Domefticks, not one of
them efcaped excepdng John, one
ofthe Children, who happened to
be abfent at School at Scheneftady.
A Tory boafted that he kiUed Mr.
Wells while at Prayer. — Campheh's
Tryon Co.
P. S.

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1764. 251
P. S. In Cafe of an Alarm my Men Is always In
readinefs to affemble at the Place appointed for an
alarm Poft.
A monthly Return of Captain Robert McKeans
Company of Provincials now lying at Cherry Valley,
Febuary 25 th, 1764. Prefent for Duty.
Captain, ----- i
Lieutenants, - - 2
Rank and File, - - - 50
Total, - - - ^2,
Robert McKeen, Capt.

Letter from Sir Wm. Johnfon to Gov. John Penn.
[MSS. of Sir WilUam Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, Feby 27th, 1764.
Sir :
THE Exprefs delivered me your Favor ofthe 7th
laft Night concerning the perfecuted Indians
now In Philadelphia. The Rancours with which they
have been purfued by the Rioters is as extraordinary as
it may be dangerous to the Public, and leaft their Defigns
might be put In Execution I cannot but approve of
your Propofai of fending them hither, for ffiould they
fall a Sacrifice to unjuft Refentment It muft certainly
occafion a Breach with all the Friend Indians.
The fending them thro' the back Parts of the Coun
try at this Time might fubjed them to the Infults of
the Rioters, neither would it be pradicable. I think
the fafeft and beft Way would be, what you propofe
of fending them by Water from Amboy to Albany,
after which I ffiall difpofe of them (altho' it will bring fome

252 Papers Relating to the
fome Expenfe on the Crown) amongft the Friend In
dians whUft the prefent Ferment continues. I fhall
accordingly write Immediately to Governor Colden,
and reprefent the Neceffity of removing thefe Indians
for a Time, as highly effentlal to our Interefts and the
public Safety, and I ffiall requeft the Governor in cafe
ehe Government has no Objedlon to their coming to
give you Notice that no Time may be loft.
I am Sir your moft obed' & moft Humble Serv'
To the Hon'ble Gov^ Penn.

Letterfrom Sir Wm. Johnfon to Lieut. Gov. Colden.
[MSS. of Sir Wilham Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, Feb'y 28th, 1764.
Dear Sir :
IHAVE juft received your Favour ofthe 17th Inft.
as alfo a Letter pr Exprefs from Gov'' Penn rep
refenting the late audacious Attempts of the Rioters to
murder the Indians under the Protedlon of Philadel
phia, as alfo his Apprehenfions concerning their future
Safety there, on which acc't he propofes fending them
by Land thro' his Government or elfe by Water from
Amboy to Albany. The former may fubjed them to
too many Infults and Hazards, and as I am well fatlffied
that ffiould thefe Indians or any of them fall a Sacrifice
after what has already happened, it will prove highly
prejudicial to our Affairs as well as dangerous to the
public Security, I cannot avoid recommending the
Propofai of tranfporting them by Water to Albany,
after which I ffiall difpofe of them amongft the Indians
here till matters are accommodated. If It is judged
advifable

Indian Wars of ly^i and 1764. 253
advifable a Line from you to Gov' Penn will enable
him to take the neceffary Steps without lofs of Time.
Whenever any thing farther tranfplres relative to
Mr. Lydius,^ I ffiall let you know it. I am told that
one of his Sons has been lately thro' the Country in
Company of a Juftice of the Peace to obtain Affidavits
for what Purpofe I know not, but probably In fupport
ofhis Claims.
Ifk la Motte^ Is fuppofed to be to the fouthward of
the 45th Degree of Latitude, but perhaps on future
Obfervations it may appear in the ^ebec Government.
The Lands above the Great Falls on Otter Creek may
be good tho' a good deal out of the way for fmall a
Trad.2 There is a fmall Piece of Land within about

1 Among the extravagant Grants
of Land made by Governor Fletcher
which have rendered his Name a
Synonym for Corruption, and occa
fioned among other Things his Re
caU and Difgrace, was that of a
Traft covering eight hundred and
forty fquare Miles in the prefent
County of Wafhington, N. Y. and
the fouthem Part of Vermont. This
Traft was granted Sept. 3, 1696,
to the Rev. Godfredius DeUius,
Minifter at Albany, for the annual
Rent of one Raccoon Skin, payable
annuaUy, on the Feaft Day of the
Annunciation, at the City of New
York. The Grant was annulled by
the General Affembly of the Colo
ny, May 12, 1699, but DeUius
denied the Authority of that Body,
and continued to regard the Claim
as valid. He foon after fold his
Claim in HoUand to the Rev. John
Lydius, his Succeffor in the Paftoral
relation at Albany. His Son, Col.

Lydius, to give additional Claim to
this Title, made a Settlement on
the Hudfon at Fort Edward and
engaged in Trade with the Indians.
In 1744 this Houfe was captured
and burned by the Indians, and a
Son was carried Prifoner to Canada.
The Writer refers in the Text to
Efforts made by this Family to fub-
ftanriate their Title to this Traft.
(TranfaBions of N. Y. State Jg.
Soc, vol. viii.)
^ Now in Vermont, forming a
Part of Grand Ifle County. It Ues
in Lat. 44"^ S7in. and Long. 3° 41m.
E. from Wafhington. It is 28
Miles N. W. from Burlington, 13
Weft from St. Albans, and contains
4,620 Acres. It was firft fettled
about 1785, and is celebrated for
its extenfive Limeftone Quarries,
which afford a black Marble.
^ It will be remembered that at 3

254 Papers Relating to the
3 MUes of Lake George, on the Road leading from
Fort Edward. Pleafe to Inform me whether it can be
granted, but I find at the back of my Patent here and
at IO or 12 Miles from the River, a fmall Piece which
Is an Intervale and I ffiould be greatly obliged to you
if you would grant It, on the Indians confenting thereto.
Lieut. Johnfon^ will have a Certificate ffiortly from
Gen. Gfge as you defire.
Ther^ are now feveral Partys marched againft the
Enemy,2 one of thefe amounts to about 200 Indians,
many more are coUedlng to follow them and my whole
Time is occupied in Conferences, in fitting out Parties,
&c. The Indians will not be difcouraged by the
Rigors of the Seafon. The Pofts I have fent them to
are the Forks and Branches of Ohio and Sufque
hanna, where many of our Enemies refide, and the
Alacrity which our Friend Indians manifeft gives me
great Reafon to hope I ffiall ffiortly have the Pleafure
of acquainting you that they have in a great Meafure
deftroyed and removed thefe dangerous Enemies who
have infefted the neighboring Frontiers.
I am, &c.
P. S. One Mr. Tice of Schenedady has been men
tioned to me as a very proper Perfon for a Provincial
Compy I muft beg leave to recommend him to your
Notice, ffio"! fuch be raifed, as he has ferved as an
Officer for fome Years.
thisPeriod the Colony of New York peculiarly favored in thefe AUot-
claimed Jurifdiftion over the Ter- ments of the King's Domain.
ritory embraced in the prefent State 1 t, r ¦ c- t 1 t 1 r
of Vermont, and were granting Rcferrmg to Sir John Johnfon's
Lands in lavifh Profufion, in Quan-
tities of a whole Townfhip at a 2 '^'ht Succefs of one of thefe
Time. Sir WiUiam Johnfon was Parties is related in a fucceeding
Letter, dated March 2, 1764. Letter

Indian Wars of lyG^ and 1764. 255
Letter from Henry Monture, Wm. Hare and John
Johnfton to Sir William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
AuQouGE,! Feb. 28, 1764.
Sir William :
WE have the Pleafure to inform you of fome Part
ofour Succefs, which if failed ofjfome Parts of
the Mohawk River muft unavoidably fuffer, as we fuf
ped Cherry Vally or Schoharey.
The Prifoners we fend to you as a Token of our
proficuting your Inftrudlons as far as we are able; the
Commander Sir William will fingal out and feveral of
them as principal Murderers during the War and re
ward them according to their Defert. The Woman
bringing down we adjudge as Scheme that they might
not be fufpeded they are Murderers that has been and
they have come fome of them from Kanifteo. So we
leave Sir William to ad as he pleafes.
We remain your ever Devoted and hum^ Ser'^
Henry Monture,
John Johnston,
William Hare.
Pleafe to excufe the Pen and Hafte, one of the Pri
foners a young Man had the Impudence to bring fome
Engliffi Prifoners through this Place.
^ Endorfed Oghquago, and vari- towards the River on both Sides,
oufly written as Onohoghwage, forming a beautiful Vale of three
Auqoage, Oucqoago, Oghquaga, &c. or four Miles in Length, and from
It was fituated on the Eaft Branch a Mile to a Mile and a half in Width,
of the Sufquehanna in the prefent where the Indians refided in great
Town of Windfor, Broome Co., Numbers prior to and during the
N. Y. The HiUs here flope gently Revolutionary War,
The

256 Papers Relating to the
The Same to the Same.
[MSS. of Sir WiUiam Johnfon, viii.]
AuQOAUGE, Feb. 28, 1764.
Sir William :
THIS Day with Pleafure we can acquaint you of
our Proceedings and Succefs, after our Arrival,
which we ffiall deliver to you in the following Maner
from the Indians :
After our Love and Refped to you as Governor &
Chief, and then to the Commander of the feveral dif
ferent Places In America. Firft three Days after our
Arrival at this our Settlement we were informed that
a Body of our Enemies were arrived here and going
down under fome Pretence to the River, but on the
contrary we fufped to do Damage as they formerly
have done to kill, burn and deftroy, being noted for
murdering, notorious Villains. Lafl Night we feized
feven of there chief Warriors here in our Caftle and the
famous Captain Bull of their Party, after fome little
Refiftance, bound th^m Hand and Feet. This Morn
ing we all fet out for their Encampment, and unbe-
knowing to them about Day, feized eleven Men of
there Warrors and eight Women and three Children,
which make twenty-nine in Number.
And now Brother you fee our Fidelity in opening
the Door and we hope you will confider our Care, and
that we lay expofed to Cenfure and ill Will of all Na
tions that are not found in the Caufe. We hope you
will look into our Cafe and llften to us as well as we
llften to you, as we think we are equally bound to
each other. Confider Brother that this our Settlement
and Chininga and Chuknut are our Bounderles of
Friendffiip

Indian Wars of lybT, and 1764. 257
Friendffiip fo as we exped you will llften to our Re
queft, that is to fend a Party of Men to Conawa Ro
hare^ at Oneida and another Party to this our Settle
ment at Auqqoage of a Safeguard for our Women and
Children, and to hurry all Partys of Warriors to come
to our Affiftance immediately as we are very weak at
prefent and make no delay. So after our Arrival we
found all our Warriors as redy to execute and defign
as we were ready to propofe, but we are forry to think
that the Oneldas differ fo much in their way of think
ing and that is one of the Reafons we requeft a fafe
Guard, and when we heard the Sound of our Brother
Warriors coming from you and from Conawa Rohare
it revived our Spirits and was like a pleafing Toy to
a Child or like a Phyfick that refreffi a fick or weak
Bodye, fo as tho we are delay'd from proceding untill
we get more Affiftance.
You ufed to fay that your Body was light and it
was only the Word for you to fay March, and every
one muft comply and you was never ffiort of Provl
fion. Tomorrow we fend the Prifoners by the way of
Onida, for the Reafon that perhaps that fome of the
Friends ofthe Prifoners may meet each other and breed
a Quarrel. No more, but we remain
Your trufty Brother Indians.
Attefted by us,
Henry Monture,
William Hare,
John Johnston.
1 Stated in a fubfequent Letter, twelve Miles of Oneida Lake. See
dated March 2, 1 764, to be within p. 26?.
34 Letter

258 Papers Relating to the
Letter from Sir Wm. Johnfon to Maj. General Gage.
[MSS. of Sir WilUam Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, March ift, 1764.
Dear Sir :
IHAVE had the Pleafure of your Letters of the
13 th and 20th ult° and embrace the firft Opportu
nity which Time has permitted of anfwering them.
The exad Number of Indians who may accompany
the Army muft be uncertain, nor is it poffible to know
how many they will confift of. The prefent Spirit
amongft them gives me great Hopes of a powerful
Affiftance and I ffiall ufe every Endeavour in my Power
to keep it up for this Purpofe. I apprehend however
that I may rely with Confidence on the Attendance of
4 or ^00, perhaps they may be twice that Number,
but It will greatly depend on Circumftances and the
Time I ffiall have given me to colled them with the
help of feveral proper Indian Officers who muft necef
farily be appointed for that Purpofe. The Friend
Indians in general will readily joyn either againft the
weftern Nations or the Shawanefe and Delawares, and
If Affairs are not fpeedily fettled between us and the
Senecas, I have no doubt but they will march alfo
againft them.
I apprehend the Shawanefe and Delawares will fuffer
greatly from the Partys I have already fent out, and
ffiall continue to fend againft them, which will make
eafy Work for the Troops on the Campaign. Thefe
two Nations appear the moft determined but their
Party decreafes, many of them have already fallen off on
hearing the determination of our Friends and I am
hopeful they will (as Affairs are now circumftanced) be
unable

Indian Wars of 1763 and iy6/\.. 259
unable to perfuade the weftern Nations to renew Hof-
tUItles, efpecIaUy as the latter will ffiortly difcover that
fuch a Proceeding muft involve them In a War with
the Friend Indians, which they would by no means
rellffi. The like Reafons will (I hope) have the fame
Effed on the Senecas which will prove of great Service
to us, as the Indians In general would certainly pro
ceed with greater Alacrity againft the reft.
Many Steps have already been taken by the Friend
Indians to bring over the Senecas, to which their In-
adivity for fome Time paft muft be chiefly attributed,
and I truft that the Belts and Meffages lately fent to
them will be produdive of an Accommodation of
which I exped to have Notice In a very ffiort Time,
as the upper Nations will ffiortly be down. I mean to
treat with them outwardly as a mifgulded People whom
we are defirous to compaffionate and forgive on certain
Terms rather than to give them any Confidence In
their Abilities by expreffing a Defire to promote a
Peace with them, and I truft this Condud will have a
good Effed.
I have fent out fev^ Partys fince the firft and ffiall
continue to do fo, as I have the Pleafure to find that
our Enemies are already greatly alarmed at the Refo
lutions of the reft. Letter

26o Papers Relating to the
Letter from Henry Monture, William Hare and
John Johnfton to Sir William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Oucqoago. March 2i, 1764.
Sir William :
THIS Day the Prifoners fet out for your Houfe
by the way of Oneida, and all the Oneldas that
came with us likewife return with them, as they faid
they had fulfilled your Pleafure by taken of fo many
Prifoners and chief Warriors. Yeftarday we rec<^ your
two Letters by an Onida, the one dated the 21 of
Feb'y and the other the 23d of Feb'y, wherein we ac
quainted them of your Concern for their Wellfare and
your Defire of our proceeding. They were very glad
and made Anfwer that they had done according to your
Will, which would be a welcome Sight for you to fee fo
many of your fworn Enemies, as they had but one Belt
they thought they could return with Honour. They
pref^ very hard for us to come along with them in Com
pany, but we confider of our Errand refufed, knowing
at leaft Sir that we was ffiort as yet for the good Work
now In Hand before us. We then remain here untill
fuch Times as the Arrival of other Forces to joyn that
we may ftrick the Blow to Purpofe, which Sir you will
not negled fending us a Reinforcement as foon and as
quick as poffible, if you ffiould think proper to fend
us a Body of two hundred Whites to joyn the Body
of Indians you are about to fend us, we think with
Gods help we may deftroy a great Part of their Settle
ments along the Dloago^ River, the Ouqoagos are very
harty and only wait for any thing of a party to joyn
^ Tioga. that

Indian Wars of lybT, and 1764. 261
that they may ftrick the Blow as they fay their Work
is as yet before them. There is here In Store fix Bar
rells of Flour and about a hundred Weight of Sugar
belonging to Mr. Wells of Cherry Vally, which Sugar
would be very ufefull for any Body of Men to make
Ouquickare and the Flour likewife In Cafe required.
We fend you one Capt Bull, the famous Head War
rior belonging to the Sqoafficutter, a great Villain, and
the reft ofhis Crew of Warriors. We hope Sir William
will not take any Excufes from them but puniffi them
with Severity as they deferve. Two Brothers, Fidlers,
excepted, being by all Accounts not Party concerned,
as Capt. Monture knows them very well. As to our
fpeedy Return it is uncertain, as Sir William muft
judge by Circumftances, but you may depend on our
preffing it on as far and as faft as poffible we can, and
with Gods help we hope is ffiort of give you pleafant
Detail of our Succefs. We remain your ever devoted
and Humi Serv's till Death.
Henry Monture,
William Hare,
John Johnston.
P. S. Be fo good as to forward the Party. The
Prieft of the Parlffi here gives his Complim*^ to you
and all his. Family. Letter

262 Papers Relating to the
Letter from Sir William Johnfon to Col. Bradftreet.
[From the Original in the Poffeffion of M. M. Jones, Efq. of Utica.]
Johnson Hall, March 2, 1764, )
At Night. [
Dear Sir :
IT gives me great Pleafure that I now inform you of
the Succefs of the firft Party I lately fent out againft
our Enemy, an Exprefs being juft arrived with Letters
acquainting me that on the 26th ult° In the Evening,
near the main Branch of Sufqehanna, as they were
purfuing their Rout, they received Advice that a large
Party of our Enemys the Delawares, were encamped
at a fmall Diftance on their way againft fome of the
Settlements hereabouts, upon which Intelligence they
made an expeditious March to their Encampment,
which they furrounded at Daybreak, then ruffiing upon
the Delawares (who were furprifed and unable to make
a Defence) they made them all Prifoners to the Num
ber of 41, including their Chief, Capt. Bull, Son of
Teedyufcung, and one who has difcovered great In
veteracy againft the Engliffi, and led feveral Partys
againft them during the prefent Indian War. They
are all faft bound and may be expeded here under an
Efcort in a few Days.
The Indians of Onoghquagey and Canawaroghere,
the latter within twelve Miles of Oneida Lake, are
very uneafy leaft our Enemys ffiould take Advantage
of the Abfence of their Men, and deftroy their Fami
lys, on which Account they are very follcitous for a
Guard till their Men return, & I apprehend If their
Requeft is complied with, it will give new Spirits to
the Partys and encourage more to go on Service. I

Indian Wars of lyG^ and 1764. 263
I have therefore mentioned It to the General, and
am of Opinion It may be eafily done by Partys from
the Provincials at German Flatts.
I am of Opinion it will be beft to fend the Prifoners
to New York as the beft Place of Security, there to
remain till fomething be done with them.
I am with great Refped,
Sir, your moft obedient
humble Servant,
Wm. Johnson.

Letter from Capt. John R. Hanfen to Sir William
Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir WiUiam Johnfon, viii.]
Capt. Eckerfon's, Wisersdorp,i March 12, 1764.
Honoured Sir :
RECEIVED yours of the 3d Inft. and have fince
proceeded according to your Diredlons, in dif-
patching a Serg' with 10 Men of my Compy and 6 of
the Militia in Company with 6 Indians for Ouagh-
quago laft Saturday. Yeftarday five ofthe Indians, all
Mohawks, returned here to me, with two Indians
which they fay are their Prifoners, and told me for
what Reafon they had taken them, they at firft refufed
to tell me, and infifted that I ffiould take them and
fejid them down to your Honour, and If I would not
that they would immediately kill them. I then re
quefted of the Head of them, one Jofeph a Sachem,
that he would fend one or two of his Men along with
1 Weifer's Dorp was on the Site from Conrad Weifer, a prominent
ofthe prefent Village of Middle- early German Settler,
burgh, Schoharie Co. It was named the

264 Papers Relating to the
the Prifoners to your Honour. He told me he could
not do that for he was afraid if he did not go off with
his Warriors and our Men to Onoghquago that his
Brethren there would fuffer.
He then cautioned me jn particular about the Pri
foners and in particular againft one of thefe named
George O'Moke and faid that the faid O'Moke had
threatened one of their old Indians and a Squaw and
fay'd as foon as the young Men their Warriors was
gone againft their Brethren the Delawares, that they
then would kill their Wifes and Children here. This
Morning two of the Mohawks again returned to me,
who having heard that I ffiould have ordered the Prifon
ers to be unty'd and fay'd if I order'd any fuch Thing
and the Prifoners ffiould efcape, that they would be
afraid to go to Onoghquago for fear of the feverall
Threats made by the Prifoners.
The Serg' who I have gave the Command of thofe
Men affigned for Onoghquago I have gave particular
Inftrudlons agreable to my own Inftrudlons received
from your Honour; the Serg' Is pretty well acquainted
with the Indian Tongue. His Inftrudlons are, that
he ffiall ad no farther than what is agreeable to Heads
ofthat Tribe or as your Honour may further dired
him. The remaining Part of my Compy are all fitt for
Duty. I have placed fo the beft Advantage in Cafe of
an Attack with our Arms In the beft Manner. The
Company having never received any Pay yet fince they
have been raifed caufes an Infinite Trouble, notwith
ftanding all I can do to the contrary to prevent It.
I am Honoured Sir,
your moft obedient Serv' to Command.
John R. Hansen.
To the Honouri'ie Sir Wm. Johnfon, Bart. Extrad

Indian Wars of lyG-^ and 1764. 265
ExtraSi of a Letter from Sir William Johnfon to
Lieutenant Governor Colden.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, March i6th, 1764.
Dear Sir :
IHAVE had the Pleafure of your very kind Favor of
the 19th Inft. and In Addition to the Succefs of my
firft Party, I have the Pleafure to acquaint you that
another Party of only ten headed by Thos. King, which
I had lately fent out, met with a Party of nine Dela
wares, who were finging their War Song againft the Eng
liffi, on which they Imediately killed and fcalped one and
took three Prifoners, who are now on their way here.
This is a fmall Affair, but as 'tis the firft who has been
killed by our Indians, it will prove of fome Confe
quence, and I have Reafon to exped good News daily
from the other Partys.
The firft Prifoners taken arrived here yeftarday, and
this Morning I fent down 14 Men of them to the Care
of CoU. EUiot at Albany. One of the ftouteft re
mains wounded at Aughquago, and I was obliged to
give them People 5 Prifoners for their good Behavior,
others to the Oneidas, Tufcaroras, Onondagas and
Mohawks, and to detain 4 myfelf which I diftributed
amongft the moft deferving to replace Perfons deceafed,
for which Purpofe the reft were given according to the
Indian Cuftom.
The Confternatlon our Enemies are In on acc't of
our employing Indians againft them Is very great, and
will I hope foon be the Means of bringing the dif-
affeded to our Terms. Near 400 Senecas, &c. are
coming here to make fome Propofals, as the Onogh-
35 quago's

266 Papers Relating to the
quago's are very Apprehenfive that their Familys may
fuffer by the Enemy in the Abfence of their Warriors,
I thought it very neceffary at this Time to comply
with their Requeft of a Guard, and accordingly fent
them an Officer and 30 Men from the Cherry VaUey
and Schohare Garrlfons with 6 Militia, and the General
having given me the Diredion of the future Security.
Thefe Deputies with Numb''^ from the Five Friendly
Nations now here, amount to about 500. From the
latter I ffiall fend out feveral Partys amongft the Sha
wanees and Delawares, who are the only Nations at
prefent that have not made any Offers of Accomo
dation. I received feveral Letters in Autumn and the begin
ing of Winter from the Lords of Trade, one of which
contained Orders of a like Nature with thofe you men
tion, which I anfwered fome Time ago as well as I
could under fo much Hurry and Bufinefs. As I un
derftand the Board have the Regulation of Trade, &c.
under prefent Confideration, I apprehend it may be
too late to lay Matters of that Nature before them fo
as to anf'' the Defign. All that I thought neceffary on
that Head was, that the Indian Trade ffiould be free
to all his Majefty's Subjeds and carried on at only the
principal Outpofts, where the Traders ffiould be under
tha Protedlon of the Garrifon and thereby avoid the
Rifque they often run of being robbed and murdered,
their Goods being a great Temptation to Indians if they
are in the Indian Villages, and fuch Robbery or Murder
might prove the Foundation of a future War, as the
Indians feldom ftop at the firft Crimes, neither Is it eafy
to perfuade them to make any Reftitution. Another
Matter of Confideration is, that the Traders at the
principal Garrlfons by being under the Eye of the
Comds Officer would not be fo ready to overreach them.

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1764. 267
them, fearing a DIfcovery, whereas In their Villages
they are often impofed upon and apt to redrefs them
felves. The Commanding Officer could alfo banlffi the
Trader on Proof of Extortion. The reft I obferved
to their Lordffiips regarded the State of the Depart
ment, the Interefts, Dlfpofitions and Numbers ofthe
Indians. I am much obliged to you for the Particulars you
communicated concerning the Nations to the fouth
ward, as alfo about the Tufcaroras, and ffiould be glad
to hear further from you on that Head.
It gave me Concern to hear of the Hoftilities com
mitted by the fouthern Ind^ & I heartily wiffi a fpeedy
Stop may be put to them as well as that the fev' Gov
ernors may ad fuch a Part as may enable you to bring
them to Reafon, for whilft People ad upon different
Plans it is impoffible for a Superlntendant to difcharge
his Truft as he would wiffi. The French are probably
at the Bottom of the Affair, as they have been to the
northward, for It gives them fenfible Pleafure to foment
Differences between the Ind^ and us, from which they
are apt to flatter themfelves with reaping an Advan
tage. I ffiall not omit acquainting you in a little Time,
with any material Tranfadlons in this Quarter, and am,
&c. Letter

268 Papers Relating to the
Letter from Sir William Johnfon to John Stuart.
[MSS. of Sir William Johnfon, viii.]
Johnson Hall, March i8, 1764.
Sir :
IHAVE had the favour of your Letters ofthe loth
Dec"" & 1 6th January laft, which I ffiould fooner
have anf*^ but for the extraordinary Hurry and Bufi
nefs I have been engaged In, the great Refort of In
dians and the Variety of their Affairs occupying my
whole Time, nor efpecially at this Seafon can they be
negleded with Prudence.
Since the Command of the Army devolved upon
General Gage I have been impowered to make ufe ofthe
Services of the friendly Nations ag** our Enemys, and
have fent out In different Partys above 300 of them.
The firft of thefe Partys furprifed at the North Branch of
Sufquehanna 41 Delawares with their Chief. I deliver'd
over fev^ of them amongft thofe who attached to our
Intereft to replace their deceafed Relations, and fent
14 of them with their Chief to Albany under a Guard,
from whence they will be forwarded to New York. A
fmall Party of 10 has fince fallen In with a fcalping
Party of 9 Enemys (who feemed deftined againft fome
of the Frontiers of Penfilvania), of thefe they killed
one and made three Prifoners, whom I daily exped.
The killing of this Indian by a Party of their own
Sort will greatly promote the Caufe and intereft our
Friends more heartily In our Behalf.
Thefe Partys have already ffiown their Importance,
the Enemy are greatly alarmed. Numbers have retired
towards the Twigh twees, and the reft knowing that
Indians are beft calculated to deftroy them, have for-
faken

Indian Wars of iy62 and iy6^. 269
faken their Caftles and will ffiortly be reduced to great
extremity If not totally fubdued.
The Chenuffios and other Enemy Senecas have fent
me feveral Deputys from each of their Towns with
Propofals of Peace, which will not be granted them
but on Terms moft adventageous to our Provincials
at the German Flatts. I have ordered Aughquago to
be reinforced by a Detachment of a Capt. 2 Sub^ and
60 Men, and fent the like Number to Canowwaroghere,
a Village of Oneidas, whofe Men are all going out
againft the Enemy. Thefe Garrlfons for the Indians
will not be required for above 4 or 5 Weeks and will
greatly forward the Service by the Encouragement it
will give the Indians.
I cannot but agree In Opinion with the Council, that
the Wyaloofins, &c. might give bad Impreffions to the
reft, but I was determined and prepared to guard againft
that and hoped to be able to remove any unjuft Sufpl
clon they might conceive having (without vanity I may
fay it) a greater Influence now over the many Nations
in our Alliance than ever. However as General Gage
informs me that he has propofed an Afylum for them in
Burlington Barracks, I think it will anfwer very well
for the prefent.
Capt. Duncan^ of Schenedady has requefted I Would
reprefent to you his Requeft, whether he may have his
Proportion of Land, he fold out ofthe 44th Regiment,
but thinks he may claim fome Title on account of the
Service he performed laft Year, as will appear from
Lt. Campbells Certificate.

*

^ John Duncan, a Merchant of at Albany, on the 5 th May, 1791,
the City of Scheneftady. He died aged 61) Years. Extrad

270 Papers Relating to the
ExtraSi of a Letter from His Excellency the Hon''''
Major General Gage to Major Gladwin, Com
manding at the Detroit, dated New Tork, i^d
March, 1764.
[MSS. of Sir WiUiam Johnfon, viii.]
YOU will there be informed, I accepted of the Pro
pofals of Peace, which the Indians of Detroit
had made you, and I am now to defire, if you find the
Savages amicably difpofed, and fincerely inclined to
conclude a Peace with us In earneft, that you would
give them Notice in a proper Manner to repair to
Niagara by the End of June, at which Time Sir Wil
liam Johnfon will be there to meet them. You will
beft know what is moft proper to do, on fuch an Occa
fion, ffiall therefore add, that It may be neceffary to
acquaint them that the Reprefentatlves they fend to
this Bufinefs need not be apprehenfive. of receiving any
Infults from the Troops which they will probably
meet in their way, as when we find they are fincere in
their Overtures the Troops will have Orders not to
moleft them, and they ffiould likewife have Notice to
colled all the Prifoners and Deferters which they may
have amongft them, who ffiould all be delivered up to
us on this Occafion. If you think of any Propofals
proper for Sir WiUiam Johnfon to make on this Occa
fion of Peace, you will write to Sir William on that
Head. Letter

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1764. 271
Letter from John Campbell to Sir William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir .William Johnfon, viii.]
Fort Stanwix, March, 31, 1764.
Sir :
IAM favoured with your Letter ofthe 17th March,
concerning the Women of the Oneida Village,
called Canowoarohere, being In great Diftrefs for the
Want of Provifion on account of the Abfence of their
Men. I have therefore agreable to your Letter this
Day fupplyed the Women of faid Village with a Quan
tity of Provifions fuppofed to ferve them till the Re
turn of their Men, which I dare fay will meet with the
Generals Approbation, It being fo very neceffary and
prudent to treat them with Civility at this prefent
Jundure, which Is the moft effedual Method of gain
ing their Affedion and of cours to promote the good
ofthe Service.
I had the Satlffadlon of feeing Capt. Bull when the
Prifoners paffed here, whom I think the beft looking
Indian I ever faw. He Is quite the fine Gentleman.
The Succefs that attends the Partys that you have
fent out gives me infinite Pleafure, as it muft to every
Perfon that has the good of the Service at Heart, and
heartily wiffi that the like good Fortune may conftantly
accompany your unwearied Attention to his Majeftys
Service. I hope Mr. Johnfon has remembered to apologize
my going away fo abruptly from your Houfe the
Morning I left It without my paying- my Refpeds to
you, which I beg you will excufe as I was afraid of
difturbing you fo early In the Morning.
I am with the greateft Efteem Sir, your moft obedi
ent, humble Servant. John Campbell. P. S.

272 Papers Relating to the
P. S. I have received Orders from the Gen'i (-q be In
Readinefs to take the Field with the 17th Regiment
next Campaign,

Letter from Whitham Marfh to Sir William Johnfon.
[MSS. of Sir WilUam Johnfon, viii.]
Bayard Hall, Api 2d, 1764. |
I p. Merld. j
Sir :
ALTHO I had not the Happinefs of receiving
fome more agreeable News by Capt. Poft, yet I
cannot help acquainting you that laft Monday I vifited
Capt. Bull in Jail. He confeffes the Shawaneze are
Rafcals, and that the Chenuffaes fent for him and
other Delawares. This was confirmed In the Morning
of this Day in prefence Mr. Nic's Bayard, Sen'" at the
Jail by Joe Newtimas, who may remember at Eafton.
When I afked whether any white Men of Pennfylvania
(you well know who I mean) had defired them (y« De
lawares) to ftrike us, Joe anfwered, he did not under
ftand the ^eftion. Bull owned there were 22 Ind^ who
made Inroads into the Jerfeys, by whom poor Weft-
broke (at whofe Houfe we lay'd) was killed. I much
want to get at the Bottom of the Delaware Scheme, I
am fure fome quaking Devils originated the Bufinefs.
Excufe me Sir, for faying no more now, as the Poft
Rider waits in the Entry. I am with all due Defer
ence and Refpeds to yo"" Families y^
Moft obed' & humble Serv'
Witham Marsh.
P. S. Darlington fends by me when I embark a great
Curlofity of Shellwork. It is a Grotto. Letter

Indian Wars 0/1763 and 1764. 273
Letter from Colonel Bradftreet to General Amherft.
Albany, 6th April, 1764.
Dear Sir :
IHAVE received your Excellencys Packett of the
ift Inftant and ffiall obay your Commands in every
thing in my Power. I have already inform'd your
Excellency that Major Hogan could not enllft but
fixty Men to ferve to the firft of May, & that they
were not fit for Service ; and I may now add, that they
cant get any more this way, nor have they trv'd for
fome Time paft.
That I may know the exad Number of Boats to
take from Schenedady, I beg to know if there is any
more Troops to go befides the following, viz :
17'^ Regiment, 314 including the Draughts.
Yorkers, 300
Connedlcut, 250
Jerfeys, 240
Canada, 300

1404
I fet the 17th Regiraent at 314, as I am affur'd they
can not at' this Time make out but 140 Men fit to go
on Service, but they have fome which may do in
Garrifon. What Exploits may be expeded of 1400 Men, one
half of them new raifed Provincials, and the half of the
other half but lately the Subjeds of the French King,
ading in the Center ofthe Savages furrounding the great
Lakes, known to be our inveterate Enemies, I know
not, but fure I am. If the whole were of the beft Troops
his Majefty has, the Number is far from being equal to
26 Service;

274 Papers Relating to the
Service ; however It is my Duty to obay and to doe
the beft I can for the Service. After the 55th has
given 174 Men to the 17th, they will have about 230
good Men left. If I could be allowed two Detach
ments of 50 each out of them, to be replaced from the
Provincials, It would be of great fervice, but your
Excellency is the beft Judge and I hope will excufe
this Liberty.
I mentioned your Excellency there was but 50
Barr^ of Powder here, including what was fent from
New York, fince which Sir Wm. Johnfon has had ten
Barrells. I beg to be allow'd fufficient for the Service
and Pradlce.
There is no mufkets arriv'd from New York yet &
but 300 in Store here.
Permit me to afk your Excellency if there is to be
no kind of Staff allowed us.

Letter from Colonel Bradftreet to Major Duncan.
Albany, 30th April, 1764.
Dear Sir :
SEVEN Days after the Letters from Neagara got
here I received a Letter from Col. Browning,
by which I find it abfolutely neceffary to fend the
Grenadiers & another Company ofthe 55th Regiment
from hence to Neagara, they are compleat to 45 Rank
& File with two Subalterns to each, and I muft beg of
you to add to them as many Officers & non-commif-
fioned Officers as you poffibly can from your Garrifon,
and to make them In every refped, as refpedable as
poffible. I fuppofe Capt. Daly will join his Company
as foon as poffible after knowing it has gone on Ser
vice. Some

Indian Wars oj' lyb^ and 1764. 275
Some York Provincials are alfo on their way to you,
but In order to get up the Boats I am obliged to fend
them half man'd; then you'l pleafe alfo to fend on to
Neagara and you will be the beft Judge what Provi
fions to put In each Boat, ofthe whole, as they leave you.
If the Canadian Battoe Men ffiould have made their
fecond Trip from Swegache^ before I get up and any
Provifions remains there pray fend them back for It,
or at leaft as many of them as will be fufficient to bring
it away, and let the others puffi on to Neagara, not
only to land their Provifions at the Landing but to be
employ'd In carrying the Provifions at the Fort to
Landing, &c. and if any make the third Trip they
muft do the fame if you think It neceffary and fafe.
Pray endeavour to get an exad State of all the Pro
vifions from Swegache to Neagara as foon as you can,
that we may provide in Time if more Is wanted.
By Miftake Lieut. Grant has taken a new Malnfall
belonging to the Schooner on the Onida Lake ; be fo
good to write for it by the firft Conveyance and fend
it her. Pray caution all the Detachments that leave you for
Neagara to be watchful, for It may poffibly happen If
the Savages find they can't do much to the People
employ'd at the Veffells or on the Carrying Place they
wiU endeavor to furprife our People on fome Place on
the Banks of Lake Ontario.
Pleafe to let me know If the Canadian Battoe Men
have Arms, if they have not and that you can fupply
1 Ofwegatchie, now Ogdenftjurgh, was a ftrongly fortified Ifland in the
St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. A flour- River three Miles below, and as it
iftiing Indian Miffion at this Place, lay at the Foot of Navigation from
formed in 1 749 by Francis Picquet, the Lake this Station poffeffed great
a Sulpitian Prieft, was moftly broken Importance.
upby the Conqueft of 1760. There
them

276 Papers Relating to the
them that go to Neagara with the Provifions, pray
do it.
Sir Wm. Johnfon tells me he has fent fome Friend
Indians to affift at Neagara which will prevent your
being troubled with fo many as was firft intended. I
make no doubt but the Draughts & Yorkers are near
leaving Ofwego for Neagara and that you gave the
Arms with the Draughts. I will fettle It with the
Artillery Officer and Col. Campbell will give the pro
per Receipt for them when he gets to Ofwego.
Major Duncan.

Letter from Colonel Bradftreet to General Amherft.
Neagara, 4th Auguft, 1764.
Dear Sir :
THE Indians of the Bay, thofe of Arbrecroche,
fome Cheppawas & MIffiffages now here have fo
fettled Matters with Sir William Johnfon, that he
acquainted me he thought It abfolutely neceffary to
fend thofe People Home well fatlffied, and that it
could not be done without allowing them to trade
for every thing, except Arms & Ammunition, which
has been allowed them as you will fee by the enclofed
Order & Regulations. The Prices were fix'd by three
Indian Traders & infpeded by Sir WiUiam. For the
greater Security of the Troops to be pofted at Michi
limicanac, I thought advifable to defire Sir William to
tell the above Savages they need not exped Trade to
extend fo far as this Country without Pofts & Garrl
fons to Proted the Traders and fee that Juftice is done
them ; on which they defired Michilimicanac ffiould
be reeftabliffied and that they would endeavor to pro
ted it. ^ As

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1764. 277
As to the Genefea Indians a Meffage arrived at
Ofwego from them before we left It to Sir William
Johnfon, defiring four Boats with Provifions ffiould
be fent them to Irondequolt in which Part of them
would proceed with all the Engliffi Prifoners they had
to this Place. The Boats & Provifions by Sir Wil
liams defire I ordered thither diredly, but they were
fo far from keeping their Words, that they were not
there to receive them, but on being fent to, fent Men
& Horfes for the Provifions. For fome Time after
this, the Accounts we had from them were, that they
feem'd more Inclinable not to keep the Peace they
made laft Winter but continue the War ; but at length
they finding the Troops remaining here & fufpeding
it was on their Account and having no Time to hunt
for Provifions & thereby ftarving, they took the Refo
lution to fet out for this Place in different Parties, and
the I Sth Inftant we were informed of their being on
the way, but that they were bringing but four of our
People inftead of thirty which th^y had Prifoners
amongft them with many other Circumftances ffiowing
plainly Neceffity only makes them fubmit more than
Inclination ; whereupon Sir William & myfelf were of
Opinion, that fufferingany longer fuch Infults might or
would be attended with bad Confequences, at this Time
in particular, as the Eyes of the upper Nations was
upon us and would judge ofour Strength & Spirit from
what paff'd upon this Occafion, and that It was for his
Majeftys Service we ffiould fend them Word that un
lefs they would pundually fulfill every Article they
promif'd at the making the Peace laft Winter, they
had no Bufinefs and that we did not defire to fee them ;
and determin'd alfo. If they return'd, it was abfolutely
neceffary to march againft them and treat them as they
deferve. It appears to me, the true Caufe or Reafon for

27^ Papers Relating to the
for this Condud of the Senecas proceeds from their
utter Abhorrence to us, that they do not think the
other Part of the Six Nations in general will hurt them,
that we live a great Diftance from them & that the
Shawanes, Delawares & their Friends can do them
great Damage, and confequently it Is their Intereft to
be well with the latter. But to return to their Con
dud ; on the 2ift July they fent In two Men here to
tell us, that upon receiving the Meffage we fent them,
they had fent off Runners to bring in all the Prifoners
and that the principal Part of their Men, Women and
Children would be here the 23d, and on that Day came
in about 60 Men with about 150 Women & Children,
and faid the Remainder would immediately follow and
do every thing that could be defired of them ; but
they did not arrive untill the ift Inftant with nine
Prifoners only ; nor would they have been here then
had they not fear'd we ffiould march againft them,
which they were feveral times given to underftand.
The 2d Sir William Johnfon called them together,
they acknowledged their Faults and Infift on It that
they will be very good for the Time to come, and that
they will deliver up the King and War Chief of the
Delawares and Shawanes & be amenable for the future
Condud of the Reft which they took under their Pro
tedlon this Spring, provided we grant them Peace alfo,
which is agreed to. I exped to fee this Place clear of
Savages in a Day or two fo as to be able to proceed
with Troops to the weftward ; and I think it prudent
to take with me as many Indian Warriors as will go,
it being certain the Savages round Detroit, &c. will
take It much amifs In them, which If properly managed
will be of infinite Service to the Nation whenever
either thofe to the weftward or five Nations break out
again ; their additional Expenee In going on will only be

Indian Wars of 1763 and 1764. 279
be Provifions, and altho' one half or more may be
fufpeded of loving their own Color better than us,
ftill I think it my Duty to rifle it for the Advantages
which may attend It hereafter. It will be impoffible
to know the Numbers of them until they are In the
Boats.

Letter from Colonel Bradftreet to General Amherft.
Niagara, 5th Auguft, 1764.
Dear Sir :
IHAVE received your Excellency's Letter of the
2d Inftant and I will fend to the Savages of the
Illinois as foon as I get to Detroit and ffiall not fail to
do all I can for Pontiac. You will fee by the Inclofed
Letter from Major Gladwin, the Sandufky Savages
have lately offer'd to make Peace ; had I not been
ftopt here, I ffiould not have received that Letter &
perhaps might have had the good Fortune to have cut
up that Band, which I think would have been more
for the Public good than making Peace with them.
From very good Information I find it impoffible to
get to the Siotio River by Water, but from Prifq Ifle
Shataquau and fo round by Fort Pitt, which would
take up fo much Time ; even was there Water at this
Seafon, which there is not for many Miles at firft fet
ting off, that I do not think we ffiall have time to un
dertake it, and I have great Reafon to think Major
Gladwin has been mifinformed, when told that the
Shawanes & Delawares Indians were but two Days
march from Sanduflcy, as the fame Savages who gave
him the Information now teU me that they are ftill at
their old Caftle near the Ohio, except a few, and this
is confirmed by others. But you may depend upon my

280 Papers Relating to the
my marching to them by Land if it is poffible for us
to undertake it, which perhaps may be about the Time
Col. Bouquett on the move this way.
I am not without Hopes of falling on Mr. Pondiac's
Friends and ffiall puffi firft for that. The Putewatamas
have alfo offeerd Peace, which I am forry for, as I think
I could not well fail of making them repent of what
they have done as well as thofe of Sandufky, if not
prevented by being fo late.
Untill I came here no Place of Security for the
Veffels of this and of Lake Erie was found and they
were under the Neceffity of coming to anchor in the
open Lake & expofed to every Storm & to be loft ;
add to this they had more than twenty Miles to fend
for their Loading ; but on examining the north Shore
a proper Place has been found to fecure the Veffells by
the help of a Wharf juft above the Rapids ; a Poft is
now building there & all that can be done towards
finiffiing under our Circumftances this Seafon will be
done; and to avoid giving Offence to the Senecas
Savages to whom the Land belongs, I have defired S.
Wm. Johnfon to afk it of them and they have granted
it. I enclofe your Ex^ Returns of the Troops with a
Plan & Report of what we have done for the Security
of the Carrying Place & Veffells from hence to the
Rapids on Lake Erie. >
P. S. I can not discarge the Teamfter & Waggoner
altho' that Bufinefs Is done, being obliged to employ
them at clearing the Wood of each Side the Road
over the Carrying Place, Battoeing Provifions to Fort
Erie, making Hay, &c. and have employ which is ab
folutely neceffary for many more than I had then.
This Inftant I have received the enclofed from Ma
jor Gladwin, faying the Outawas aflc Peace & have
brought

Indian Wars o/' 1763 and 1764. 281
brought in three Prifoners. Fear has brought all thefe
Civilities about, but how long they will laft when the
Danger Is over Time muft tell. The enclofed Staff of
the Baker here will appear ftrong to your Exl. and be
lieve you will approve of my ordering the Man to be
paid no more than what he receives from the Troops
& dired Mr. Lake to pay It being a great Saving to
the Crown.
Col B. to the General, Niagara.

Letter from Colonel Bradftreet to General Gage.
Presque Isle, 14 Aug. 1764.
Dear Sir :
AGREEABLE to your Inftrudlons to grant Peace
& His Majeftys Protedlon to fuch Savages who
ffiall lay down their Arms & beg for Peace, I enclofe
you what has paff'd between me & the Deputys of all
the Nations of Indians, who Inhabit the Lands of San
dufky, Scioto Plains, Mufkinhem, the Ohio, Prefque
Ifle, &c. and your Excellency may depend upon my
marching to the Plains of Scioto If I find they Intend
to play me the leaft foul Trick. Surrounded as I ffiall
foon be by Numbers of Savages who afk Peace from
Fear only, makes it Impoffible for me to fix any other
Plan than ading as Circumftances occafion, fo that I
can now only fay that I ffiall do every thing in my
Power for the Honor of His Majeftys Arms & the
Benefit ofthe Nation. I am, &c. J. Bradstreet.
P. S. I fend this by the way of Fort Pitt ; out of
574 Indians which was faid at Niagara I ffiould have
with me, we have 255, 100 gf whom belong to Canada.
His Excell. Gen. Gage,
37 Letter

282 Papers Relating to the
Letter from Colonel Bradftreet to Gov. John Penn.
[Bradftreet and Amherft MSS., p. 155.]
Presque Isle, 14 Aug. 1764.
To Governor Penn.
Sir :
AS It may be agreeable to you and the People un
der your Government to know as foon as poffible
of the Peace concluded with all the Nations of Indians,
who have done you fo much Damage, I enclofe you a
Copy of what has paffed on the Occafion.
I am, &c. Jno. Bradstreet.
P. S. Perhaps under prefent Circumftances of the
Troops ading from your Quarter and the advanc'd
Seafon, it may be agreeable to the fouthern Govern
ments to have early Information of this Affair in which
you will pleafe fo ad as may be moft agreeable to you.

Letter from Colonel Bradftreet to Colonel Bouquett.
[Bradftreet and Amherft MSS., p. 159.]
Presque Isle, 14th Aug. 1764.
Sir:
AGREEABLE to Gen. Gages Orders to me to
grant Peace and His Majeftys Protedion to aU
Savages that may lay down their Arms & beg for Peace,
I enclofe you what has paff'd between me and the
Deputys of aU the Nations of Indians who inhabit the
Lands of Sanduflcy, the Scioto Plains, Muflcinham,
the Ohio, near this Place, &c. and doubt not If you ar§

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1764. 283
are in readynefs to march you will firft receive Gen.
Gages Diredlons how you are to ad after his receiving
my Letters and Articles of Peace.
I am, &c. Jno. Bradstreet.
Col. Bouquett.

Presque Isle. 14th Aug. 1764.
Sir :
I SEND you enclof'd Copy of a Peace I have made
with all the Nations of Savages upon the Banks of
the Ohio, Scioto Plains, &., &c., &c., and Letters for
Gen. Gage, &c. which I muft defire you to forward
with the utmoft Difpatch. •
I am, &c. Jno. Bradstreet.

Letter from Colonel Bradftreet to Sir Wm. Johnfon.
[Bradftreet and Amherft MSS.]
Detroit, 28th Aug. 1764.
Dear Sir :
IHAVE only Time to fay by Major Gladwin we
have ffiown the Savages In this Quarter we could
have cut them up In Part at leaft had they not aflc'd
Peace, that the Outawas, Petewatamas, &c. Chepewas
are to be all in fix or feven Days to end the general
Peace & comply with every thing I demand, amongft
which Bondeac Is to be given up to be fent down to
the Seacoaft & maintain'd at his Majeftys Expenee the
Remainder of his Days. Major Gladwin will tell your
Ex. the fad State of this Place refpeding the Quarters for

284 Papers Relating to the
for the Troops. I ffiall do all I can towards building
Barracks, it being abfolutely neceffary. The Troops
you ordered for to Garrifon MIchlllmicanack with two
Companys of fifty Men each which I have raifed out
of the Inhabitants here, go of to morrow and one of
the Veffells ffiall be got Into Lake Huron, tho' no
more than fix feet Water Is as yet found over the Barr
in Lake St. Clair, and no Pains ffiall be wanting to
know how to fix the Navigation from Neagara Falls
to Michigan Lake, &c.
Inclofed you have a Copy of the Peace made with
the Shawanes, &c. , and I ffiall be at Sandufky at the
Time appointed for the Chiefs & Prifoners to be there
& to march againft them to Scioto If they do not ful
fill their Engagements. ^
From very good Information I found neceffary to
give the Inhabitants & Savages of the EUiones & the
Nations on this Side of It to the Miames to know
that unlefs they carry themfelves well to His Majeftys
Troops who were to take Poffeffion of that Country,
they might exped to hear from us and y^ Savages of
the Six Nations, thofe of Canada, the Shawanes, &c.
that we have made Peace with,, together with the Na
tions furrounding this Place foon, for which Purpofe
I have fent Capt. Morris of 17"^ Regiment and Savages
with the ufual Belts. Should Capt Morris fucceed he
is to puffi on to all the Nations of Savages on the
Banks of the MiffifippI to the Sea, as your Ex. wIU
fee by his Inftrudlons a Copy of which is herein en
clofed, as alfo the Oath the Inhabitants are to take. Letter

Indian Wars of \']bi and 1764. 285
Letter from Colonel Bradftreet to Lieut. Sinclair.
Detroit, 12th Sept. 1764.
Sir :
YOU are hereby requlr'd and direded the Beginning
of May next to receive on board the Schooner
Gladwin a Load of Provifions for the Garrifon of
MIchlllmicanack & with it proceed to that Place, and
as foon as you have delivered It you are to fail for the
Bottom of the Bay where we had a Fort, & from thence
round the Lake Michigan, fteering up the River St.
Jofephs as far as you can, making throughout the
whole Voyage fuch Remarks & Obfervations as the
Importance ofthe Service you are ordered on requires
for the Safety of the future Navigation of thofe Lakes,
obferving the fame on Lake Huron, the whole of
which you will report in Writing to Lt. Col. Campbell
or Officer commanding here on your Return and re
ceive from him Diredlons for your further Condud.
As you will doubtlefs fee many Savages before you
return you will inform them, that the Reafon of your
failing round thofe Lakes is to find out If It Is pradi
cable for Veffels agreeable to my Promife to them at
Neagara. I am, &c. J. B.
Lt. Sinclair. Letter

2 86 Papers Relating to the
Letter from Col. Bradftreet to Lt. Col. Campbell.
[Bradftreet and Amherft MSS., p. 155.]
Sandusky, loth Od. 1764.
To Lt. Col. CampbeU.
Sir :
YOUR Letter by Chain, without Date, I have re
ceived and I have great Pleafure to find you have
in fo ffiort a Time gained fo much Influence over the
Indians as you mention. I doubt not but you will
improve it as His Majeftys Service much requires It
at this Time to corred the Shawanes & Delawares ;
but I muft obferve for the good of the Service, that it
is abfolutely neceffary that every Perfon that may have
Influence with the Indians ffiould be employ'd to gain
their Affedion and to engage them not only to keep
the Peace with us but ad for us againft the Kings
Enemies. The Savages love the Inhabitants of De
troit in general and the latter may by gentle Treat
ment be brought to exert themfelves In our Favor
with the former with little or no Expenee to Govern
ment ; but after all. Affability & Attention In the
Officer commanding at Detroit Is abfolutely neceffary,
to the Savages In general, particularly thofe going out
to War, without which all will go wrong. You will
pleafe to ufe your utmoft Endeavours to make up &
fend out againft the Shawanes & Delawares all the
Parties of Indians in Friendffiip with us you can poffi
bly colled & continue it until further Orders, unlefs
you ffiall receive Letters from Col. Bouquett telling
you to defift, he having made Peace with thofe two
Nations of Savages, the Shawanes & Delawares, & you
are to fit out all fuch Parties as you fend out againft thofe two

Indian Wars of lyb^ and 1764. 287
two Nations in the Manner the French did thofe Indians
they fent to War, and pay for every Scalp or Prifoner
brought In by them, you fend out four Blankets, four
ffilrts, four Pair of Stockings and one Pound of Paint.
The Goods wanted for this Service you are to pur
chafe as Occafion requires and add it to your other
public Accounts. You will alfo employ fuch of the
Inhabitants of Detroit In each Party as you think can
be trufted. Mr. Royome, that was with Capt. Morris,
offers his Service. I ffiall fend you what I can from
Niagara this Fall, & fet off for that Place this Day.
Much depends upon the Manner you receive thofe
Indians now going againft the Delawares on their Re
turn ; If they do any thing pay them for each Scalp or
Prifoner as above mentioned, & If not fucceffful be kind
& give them what will fend them Home fatlffied, with
fome Rum to the Chief of the Party. At the Requeft
of the Ottawas, Chepewas, etc. I have appointed Chain
an Interpreter to thofe Nations, he Is much beloved
by them & will be of great ufe In getting Parties to go
out & go with them when neceffary. You will allow
him one Mans Provlfion to be given to his Mother
when he Is on Service & pay him the fame Pay and in
the fame way as you do the other Interpreters. You
have enclofed Copy of my Letter to the Officer com
manding the Places at Fort Chefter with the Inffruc-
tions to Godfroy & Maifonville whom I order thither
&-when they return the latter may proceed to me with
the Anfwer if he thinks proper, otherwife you will for
ward the Officers Letter and the Anfwer from the In
dian Nations they fpeake with.
You have the Copy ofthe Peace, &c. with the Hu
rons on of this Place to be added to the one
made at Detroit, and it being highly neceffary to ac
quaint all the Nations of Indians we poffibly can that

our

288 Papers Relating to the Indian Wars.
our continuing the War with the Shawanes, &c. is owing
to their fending out Parties, killing and taking our
People Prifoners after having fued for Peace and neg-
ledlng to come to Sandufky with their Prifoners &
Chiefs to ratify that Peace agreeable to their 
You will therefore ufe every Means In your Power
for that Purpofe, and I fend an Order to Mr. Morfac
having great Influence, he being well acquainted with
the upper Nations, to proceed to the Falls of St. Marys
for that Purpofe, alfo as you will fee by the Copy of
his Inftrudlons herein enclofed, all Paffes that I
thought proper to give when I left Detroit for carry
ing on the Ind" Trade you will allow to be carry'd Into
Execution, giving Inftrudlons to the People to ac
quaint all the Indians when they go of the perfiduous
Behaviour of the Shawanes & Delawares, and to ufe
their utmoft Endeavours to prevent any bad Impref
fions being on them by the ....

FINIS.

¦ ¦¦¦¦¦in«»«mj«i«i»Mll»llniiiiiiil«M«n»l»»»»nimnia»i»»v»

INDEX

A ARON, 70, 72, 76, 79, 87,
¦^^ 94, 95, 176, 177, 178, 184,
192, 204.
Abbot, Lieut., 59, 73.
Abenaques, 65, 1 16.
Abercrombie, Maj., 175.
Ague, 193.
Alarm, 161.
Albany, xvi, xxiii, 68, 139, 153,
164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 172,
173, 183, 186, 187, 188, 190,
191, 195, 200, 202, 209, 219,
223, 230, 243, 251, 252, 253,
265, 268, 269, 273.
Algonquin, xvii.
Allegiance, Oath of, log.
Amboy, 242, 251, 252.
Ambufcade, 16, 17, 55, 60, 63, 80.
Amherft, Sir Jeffrey, I, 8, 12, 32,
109, 139, 161, 164, 165, 167,
170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 181,
182, 185, 186, 187, 188, 194,
195, 197, 198, 201, 219, 245,
273, 276, 279.
Andre, the Huron, 52, 53, 54,
112, 114.
Andrew, 51, 82, 89, 113, 115,
204.
Andrews, Colhn, 75.
Arbre Croche, 29, 276.
Affembly, General, 196, 197, 198,
213, 215, 253.
Augufta, 207.
Auquago (fee Oquago).
Aurora, 178.

13 ABIE, M., 10, 21, 33, 34, 37,
39,40.
Babi, M., 45, 62, 65.
the Huron, 51, 52, 67, 72,
85, 86.
Baggattway, 29.
Baft playing, 29, 31, 134.
Banyar, Goldftirow, 201.
Barracks, 4, 109.
Barrois, M., 64, 65, 71.
Bayard Hall, 272.
Bayard, Nicholas, 272.
Beaulieu, 83.
Beaver, 89, 103, 190, 225.
Beaver, Veffel named the, 4.
Bedding, 167, 185, 186.
Beef, a full Supply of, 166.
Belletre, M., 6. *
Belts, xii, xv, xviii, 18, 25, 27, 28,
3i> 32> 33. 42. 47. 56,73.77.
83, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92,94,
95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 106, 108,
115. "7. >73. '74' 177. 184,
189, 203, 221, 248, 249.
Big Jaco, 95.
Billets, 70.
iffued by Pontiac, 34, 35.
Billeting of Troops, 1 94.
Biographical Notices of
M. P. Belletre, 6
Col. Bradftreet, 109.
Major Donald Campbell, 5.
Capt. James Dalyal, 54.
Saml Dunlop, 218. Biographical

290
Biographical Notices of
Major Henry Gladwyn,
Capt. Hopkins, 7.
Capt. McKean, 250.
Enfign Chriftopher Paully
Pierre Reaume, 69.
Robert Wells, 250.
Birch bark Bills of Credit, 35,
Birthday ofhis Majefty, 92.
Biflioprick, 236.
Blockhoufes, 4, 36, 38, 131,
196, 201, 202.
Bloody Run, 56.
Board of Trade, 50.
Bogardus, 185.
Bois Blanc Ifle, 108, 1 09.
Bondeac, 283.
Borgard, 102.
Bofton Schooner, 99, 104,
108, 109, no, I II.
Boftwick, Henry, 225.
Bounties, 223.
Bouquet, Col., 20, 212, 280,
286.
Braddock's Expedition, i.
Bradftreet, Col. John, 2, 8,
no, in, #13, 119, 139,
157, 161, 165, 167, 170,
173, 185, 186, 187, 188,
195, 209, 210, 214, 245,
273. 274. 276, 279, 281,
283, 285, 286.
Brands found, 87.
Bread, Price of, 145.
Breaftwork, 9, 16, 66.
Brehm, Lieut., 6-], 73, 74.
Bridges, 185.
Brifar, M. 79.
Broome Co., 255.
Brown, Lieut., 56, 60, 76.
_ Capt., 173.
Browning, Lt. Col., 171,
Major, 203.
Col., 274.

Index.
Bull, Capt., 256, 261, 262, 271,
I. 272.
Burlington, 253, 269.
Burton, Gen., 186, 239.
,15. Buftiy Run, 20.
Butter, Price of, 145.
Buxton, 83.
r^AHOKIA, XX, xxi.
Cahugees, 177.
134. Callender, Mr., 131.
Calumet Dance, i.
Campbell, Col., xviii, in, 115,
276.
Lt. Col., 166, 173, 185,
285, 286.
Major Donald, i, 5, 6, 10,
13, 15, 16, 19,40.
i°7. Capt., 35, 40, 41, 47, 86,
126, 127, 129, 134.
Lt., 269.
John, 271.
282, Campeau, Michael, 83.
Campo, Baptifte, 79.
M:.,39,42, 50,56, 76,108.
i°9-- Canada, viii, ix, x, xii, xvii, 1 7, 94,
141. 139, 143, 145, 151, 153, 156,
172, 168, 169, 216, 236, 237,239,
194, 240, 246, 253, 273, 281, 284.
262, Canadians, 28, 124, 131, 142, 148.
282, Canajoharie, 218.
Canawaroghere, 257, 262, 269,
271.
Cannard River, Gg.
Cannibalifm, 3, 5, 41, 89.
Canoes taken^ 7, 12.
Cape Breton, ix.
Capitulation of Canada, vii, x.
Caps, Style worn, 212, 213.
Carver, Jonathan, n.
Cataracqui, 174.
Catawbas, 206.
Catfifti Creek, 75.
Catfkih Cr., 182. Cattle

Index.

i()i

Cattle, 3, 13, 34, 57, 87.
Caughnawagas, 175, 178.
Cayug.i, 213, 215, 227.
Ca\aliers made, 14, 15,41.
Cavalier, Mr., 23.
Cecote, Mr., 65, 77, 84, 85.
Certificate of Behavior, 87.
Chain, 2 8 7.
Chairs taken by Pontiac, 34.
Chapman, Mr., 45, 46, 82.
a Trader, 1 2 .
Charlefton, 205, 230.
Charlotte, Sloop, 106, no, 112,
115, 116, 117.
Chartres, Fort, 13.
Chemin du Ronde, 4.
Chenuffeo, I So, 189, 190, 211,
214, 217, 222, 227, 269, 272.
Cheppaton, Mr., lii.
Cherokees, 65, 82, 193,205,251.
Cherry Valley, 178, 182, 2 1 3,
219, 242, 250, 251, 261, 266.
Chevaher, 1 1 4.
Chickafaws, 206.
Chimney Ifland, 58.
Chinn, Edward, 225.
Jno., 225.
Chippewas (varioufly fpelled), 21,
29, 3', 32, 40. 43.48.50. 5'.
62, 65, 76, 77, 83, 86,87, 91,
92, 97, 99, 103, 106, 107, 108,
no. III, 115, 117, 128, 157,
213, 215, 224, 276, 283, 287.
Chodlaws, 206.
Chriftie, Enfign, 37, 44, I33-
Chughnot, 227.
Church within Fort at Detroit, 4.
Claus, Daniel, 29, 31, 173, 175,
239. 240-
Clermont, 48, loi, 115.
Chncincourt, 102, 103.
Clothing, 169, 170, 172, 175.
Cochrane, Gavin, 192, 193.
Cohorn Shells, 6 1 .

Colden, Lt. Gov., 165, 180, 181,
182, 196, 198, 214, 221, 226,
233, 252, 265.
Commiffaries, 146, 152, 153.
Confederacy, Indian, 143.
Congrefs, 175, 205, 206, 207.
Connefticut, xvi, 73, 243.
Conniftoga, 231, 241.
Conokgoraffe, 247, 248.
Coon, Figure of, 35.
Cornwell, Mr., 63.
Corpfes buried, 23.
Coftume of Troops, 200.
Council, 2, 5, 10, 16, 21, 23, 26,
29. 31. 38, 51. 52. 76, 83,84,
90,94, 96, no, 126, 127, 129,
133. 14s. 177. 193. 204.
Coureurs de Bois, 143.
Courts, 147, 150.
Coville, Mr., 109.
Cowaha, 248.
Crawford, Mr., n, 38, 46.
Creeks, 205, 231.
Creoles, xxi.
Crofton, Mr., 1 1 o.
Croghan, Geo., xx, 75, 116, 176.
Crofthwaite, Enfign, 169.
Crown Point, 168, 169, 170.
CueUierreys, Mr., 86.
Cuefiere, M., 9, 20, 21, 53, 77,
102.
Cut-the-Pumpkin, 248, 249.
Cuyler, Lieut., 17,19,35,37,132,
Mr., 19, 22, 56.
"r)ACOTAH Indians, 50.
-*-^ Daly, Capt., 274.
Dalyel, Capt. James, 54, 55, 56,
60, 65, 72, 123, 165.
Dances, 105.
Daniel, a Mohawk, 81, 176, 183,
192, 208.
Darlington, Wm., 272.
Davers, Sir Robert, 2, 3, 17, 128.
Death

292

Index.

Duquendfe, M., 77, 80.
Duties, xiii, 147, 152.

EAST India Co., 149.
Eckers, Capt. Tho., 238.

Death Song, 14.
Debts, Payment of, 147, 224, 225.
De Couagne, T., 18, 61, 75, 81,
183, 184, 202, 203, 208, 209,
225.
Defeat of Capt. Dalyel's Party, 55. Eckerfons, Capt., 263
DeGraff, Daniel, 201. Edgar, Wm., 1 89.
Delawares, 14, 20, 52, 61, 88, 96, Ehle, Dirk, 182.
97, 101, 106, 107, no. III, Elder, Rev. John, 241, 242.
113,114,115,116,118,152, Elliott, Lt. Col, 169, 173, 187,
153, 154, 157, 182, 183, 199, 265.
204, 211, 212, 215, 240, 258, Emiffarles, 148, 216.
262, 264, 265, 266, 272, 278, Epifcopal foundation, 236

Erfe, Letter written in, 81.
Efopus, 179, 180, 181, 182.
Etherington, Capt., 29, 30, 3 1, 32,
33. 50. 58. 66, 133, 134.
Eyre, Col, 179, 180, 228, 234.
PAC Similes.
¦•¦ Jeffrey Amherft, 1 64.
John Bradftreet, 157.
Daniel Claus, 175.
Gavin Cochrane, 193.
T. De Couagne, 1 84.
Volkert P. Douw, 190.
Alexander Duncan, 172.
Sam'I Dunlop, 220.
Guy Johnfon, 192.
Wm. Johnfon, 213.
Gerret A. Lanfing, 202.
Robert McKeen, 250.
Thomas McKee, 245.
Robert Rogers, 135, 177.
John Stuart, 208.
David Vanderheyden, 183.
Faies, Jean, 79.
Farh, M., 30, 32.
Fergufon, Mr., 65.
Fire Rafts, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51.

279, 286, 287, 2S
DeUius, Godfredius, 253.
Deneyon, Mr., 77, 94, 102.
Deriverre, Baptifte, 71.
De Roen, M., 79.
DesCheine, M., 79.
Deferters, 1 01, 270.
Detroit, X, xvii, xviii, xx, 3, 6, 7,
8, 15, 17, 21, 31, 32, 36, 56,
60, 70, 75, 80, 81, 84, 94, 95,
96, 98, 123, 125, 129, 133,
13s. 141. 143. 144. ^^S' 146,
147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153,
155, 156, 164, 167, 170, 171,
174, 176, 177, 182, 183, 187,
189, 193, 198, 199, 203, 204,
209, 212, 213, 221, 224, 236,
278, 279, 285, 287, 288.
Detroit River, 56,62, 128.
Devils Hole, 80.
Diary, Notice of Authorlhip, xviii.
Diaoga, 227, 260.
Dobbs, Gov., 207.
Doftor's Son, 86.
Douw, Volkert P., 190.
Duncan, Alex'r, 170, 172.
Duncan, John, 269.
Maj., 165, 166, 170, 274, Fiftier, Jame'sr3.'
276. Serjeant, 71.
Dunlop, Rev. Samuel, 218, 219, Five Nations, 173, 177,204, 212,
220. 226, 234, 237, 266. Flag

Index.

293

Flag, 26, 38, 42, 45.
Fletcher, Gov., 253.
Florida, 206.
Folks Avoines, 50,51,88, 100, 108
Fort at Albany, 186.
Augufta, 227.
Charters, 156.
at Detroit, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, II, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19,
20,21, 34.35.36,38.43.
44. 49-
Edward, 168,169, 253,254.
Erie, 112, 280.
George, 168, 169, 198.
Levi, 58.
Miami, 132.
Ontario, 163, 166, 168.
Pitt, 20, 33, 51, 53, 54, 66,
79, 87, 96, 115, 116, 117,
143, 144, 156, 279, 281.
Schloffer, 80, 203.
Stanwix, I44, 145, 163, 166,
168, 169, 170, 173, 185,
193, 228, 271.
Wilham, 58.
Wm. Auguftus, 58, 149, 163,
165, 166, 172.
Fortville, M., 65, 71.
Foxes, 50.
Frank, Mr., 1 90.
Franks, Conradt, 178.
French, vii, viii, x, xiv, xvi, xvii,
xxi, 26, 83, 86, 88, 94, 97, 99,
102, 107, 114, 116, 117, n8,
129, 130, 133, 141, 143, 145,
146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 154,
155, 156, 174, 175, 189, 205,
215, 216, 221, 233, 234, 235,
236, 287.
Frontenac, 149.
Froft, 37.
Fur Trade, vii, 4, 7, n, 17, 19,
29. 30, 32, 33, 38,56. 59,65,
145, 217.

(^AGE, General Thomas, 32,
•55, 157, >7i,i72, i74.'84,
209, 210, 219, 224, 226, 254,
258, 270, 281, 282, 283.
Gamelln, Mr. 22, 38, 85.
Garrifon at Detroit, Strcnglh of, 4.
Gauntlet, running of the, 5.
Genefeo, (fee Chenuffeo), 154,
155, 277-
Geneva, 211.
German Flatts, 185, 189, 190,
230.
Germantown, 241.
Gladwyn, Major Henry, I, 2, 4,
5,8, 79, 82,97, 109, 126, 129,
130, 131, 164, 176, 186, 187,
188, 195, 204, 270, 279, 280,
283. -
Gladwyn, Veffel named the, 4, 11,
35, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109,
no, 112, 113, 285.
Glen, Jn, 178.
Goddard, James Stanly, 225.
Godfoy, 53, 287.
Goods, BiU of, 178.
Goodwin, Lt., 187.
Gorrel, Lieut., 50.
Gouin, M., 5.
Gowaha, 249.
Grand Marais, 62.
Grand River, 23, 56, 86, 87, 171.
Grant, Capt., 55, 57, 60, 77, 106,
109, 275.
Grants of Land, 229.
Gray, Capt., 56, 76.
Great Falls on Otter Creek, 253.
Great Spoon, 91.
Green Bay, 30, 50, 69.
Grenon, M., 79.
Grofs Ifle, 56.
Grofs Point, 49, 91.
Groote Imbogt, 182. Hair

294

Index.

TLTAIR, Style of cutting, 212.
Hanfen, John R., 238, 263,
264.
Hardenbergh, Col, 180.
Hare, Wm., 247, 249, 255, 257,
260, 261.
Hatchet, 15, 18, 27, 78.
Havana, 167.
Hay, Lieut., 40.
Heckewelder, Account by, 7.
Hecotte, M., 39.
Henry, Alexander, 30, 32.
Herkimer, 190.
Hogan, Maj., 273.
Hog Ifland, 3, 74.
Hog feized by the Indians for a
Feaft, 247.
Holmes & Memfen, 225.
Holmes, Lieut., 6, 20, 22, 26, 132.
Hombach, 189.
Hopldns, Cap., 7, 19, 29, 34, 37,
39, 41, 46, 59, 63, 68.
Hornbach, 79.
Horfes ftolen, 42.
Horfey, Mr., 68, 71, 73.
Hofpital, 187.
Houfes burned, 6, 8, 9, 10, 23,
65.
Howard, James, 225.
Hudfons Bay Co., 143.
Hudfon River, 1 82.
Huron River, 11, 16, 17, 40, 44,
79-
Huron Village, 7. '3, 33, 36, 45.
51. 53, 54-
Hurons, 7, 12, 13, 15, 16, 26, 37,
38,43, 44, 45,48, 51.52, 53,
56, 59, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 76,
83, 86, 89, 90, 96, 97, loo, IOI,
105, 108, 109, no. III, 112,
113, 115, 116, 118, 157, 178,
212.
Huron's Point, 93, 118.

T LLINOIS, xii, xx, xxi, xxiii, i o,
*¦ 13,22,24,28,48,49,51,52,
53,57.67, 71, 77, 78, 7g, 80,
86, 91, 94, IOI, 102, 104, 105,
no, 115, 116, 117, 118, 129,
131, 132, 142, 148, 155. 156.
189, 216, 217, 284.
Imprefling Carriages, 194.
Ireland, 218, 219.
Iroquois, 225.
Irondequolt, 277.
Ifle au Boisblond, 80.
au Cochon, 31, 63, 77, 109.
au Diende, 34, 36.
la Motte, 253.
Royal, 58.

JACOB, 86, 176, 192, 208, 248.
Jadeau, M., 78, 80, 82, 83,
89, 91, IOI, 108, 115.
Jamet, Lieut., 30, 133.
Jenkins, Lt. Edward, 24, 133.
Jerfey, 273.
Jefuits, xii, 29, 31, 32, 48, 91,
133. 26^3.
Johnfon, Capt. Guy, 191, 192.
Johnfon HaD, 179, 180, 183, 184,
192, 210, 214, 221, 226, 229,
231, 234, 239, 252, 258, 262,
265, 268.
Johnfon, Sir John, 254.
Lt., 193, 229, 254.
Sir William, ix, xiii, xix, xx.
18, 31, 50, 60, 70, 72
75, 81, 82, 91, 95, 96,
97, IOI, 116, 123, 124,
135,161,166,170, 173
176, 177, 179, 180,181
182, 183, 184, 185, 189,
190, 191, 192, 193,201
202, 204,205, 208, 210,
213, 214, 220, 221, 225
226,227, 228, 229, 230,
Johnfon

Index.

295

Johnfon, Sir WiUiam, 231, 234,
238, 239, 241, 242, 243,^247,
249, 250, 251, 252, 254, 255,
258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264,
265, 26S, 270, 271, 272, 274,
276, 277, 2-S, 2S0, 282.
Johnfon (WMfeU, 166.
Johnfton, John, 247, 249, 255,
257, 260, 261.
Jonois, Father, 29.
Jofeph, 263.
Journal of Robert Rogers, 125.
TT'AGOUGHSHOUTONG,
-*-^ 96, I 82.
Kanadafaga, 211, 214.
Kafkaflda, xxi, 13.
Kaunawau Kohare, 247.
Kers found, 66.
Kiggel, Enfign, 63.
Killed and Wounded of Lieut.
Dalyel's Company, 56.
King, Thomas, 265.
Klock, Geo., 218.
T A Bay, 32, 50, 88, g<), 141,
143, 144, 150.
La Beuf, 134, 135.
La Butte, M., 5, 15, 26, 40, 65,
86, 103, 106, 107.
La Croffe, 29.
L'Efperance, 91.
La Farge, 1 74.
Lafayette, 24.
Lafontaine, 82.
Lagaffe, 91.
Lake Erie, n, 23, 36, 70, 75,
109, 113, 150, 156, 185,
193, 199, 203, 236, 280.
George, xvi, 254.
Huron, 3, 99, 128, 149, 150,
151, 284, 285.
Michigan, 50, 143, 144, 151,
184, 185.

Lake Ontario, 99, 149, 203, 275.
St. Clair, in, 284.
Superior, 102, 143, 144, 150,
151.
Lake, Mr., 281.
Lancafter, 241, 242, 243.
Langlade, M., 30, 32, 33.
Lanfingh, Gerret A., 201, 202.
Robert, 182.
La Platon, 1 80.
Lafcelle, Mr., 23,
Lead, 30, 39, 44, 67.
Leake, Mr., 164.
Le Grand, Mr., 82.
Lehigh, 241.
Le Ronde, Mr., 66.
Leflley.Lieut. Jas.,30,31, 133, 134.
Levy, Mr., 45, 46.
Gorfen, 225.
Lies punlflied, 27.
Lindefay, John, 218.
Litde Aaron, 219.
Chief, 106, 107, in.
Niagara, 203.
Sanduflcy, 108.
Lizott, M., 79.
Londonderry, 218.
Long Cane River, 231.
Long Point, 178.
Lorain, Com., 58.
Lords of Trade, 207, 210, 237.
Loring, Capt., i66, 195.
Commodore, 106, 109.
Loulfiana, xii, 206.
Louiftjurgh, ix.
Luke, Lieut., 56.
Lydius, Mr., 253.
Rev. John, 253.
A/TcCORMICK, Mr., 7, 176.
^'- McDonald, Lieut., 76.
McDougall, Lieut., xviii, 5, 6, 19,
35, 38, 60, 86, 88, 108, 116,
129, 134- McKee

296

Index.

McKee, Thomas, 241, 245.
McKeen, Robert, 249, 251.
Mackoy, 83.
Marchioquiffe, 106, 114.
Magazine, 87, 153.
Maifonville, 44, 112, 115, 116,
1 17, 287.
Manitoo, 71, 104.
Manufcript, Nonce of the, xix,
139, 161.
Marble Quarries, 253.
Marfacks, M., 64, 84, 91, 92, 108,
288.
Marfti, Witham, 272.
Mardnico, 67, 167.
Mafcoutons, 117.
Matthews, 80.
Maumee, xx, 20.
Mediators, 153.
Meldrum, M., 65.
Meloche, M., 5, 35.
Memorial of Traders, 224.
Merchandife, 6, 7, 12, 23, 30, 31,
45, 58, 59, 73-
Meffage of Gov. Colden, to General
Affembly, 196.
Miami (varioufly fpelled), 20, 21,
22, 26, 42, 45, 46, 65, 66, 76,
101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107,
108, no, in, 115, 116, 117,
.143, 144,. 178, 224, 284.
Michilimackinac, 17, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32735, 48, 50, 51, 58, 70,
86, 88, 99, 100, 106, 108, no,
113, 116, 128, 133, 141, 142,
•43, "44, 145, 148, 150, 236,
276, 284, 285.
Middleburgh, 263.
Mikouder, 248.
Militia, 119, 182.
Millehomme, M., 79.
Mindoghquay, 26, 83, 99, io6.
MInechefne, in.
Mingoes, 1 1 .

Mindwaby, 87, 106.
Miffionaries, French, 7.
Miffifagues (varioufly ipeUed), 21,
66, 76, 88, 173, 174,208,209,
276.
Mifliffippi, viii, 13, 73, 78, 97,
102, no, 142, 143, 145, 146,
148, 149, •55, 156, 216, 217,
284.
Mohawks, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 76,
84, 94, 95- 97, 1^3, 1^6, 176,
177, 180, 182, 193, 194, 200,
204, 208, 212, 213, 219, 221,
249, 263, 264, 265.
Monckton, Gen., 198, 228.
Moncrief, Major, 8 1 , 1 70, 1 87, 246.
Montreal, vii, X, 13, 23, 32, 33, 58,
59, 65, 66, 71, gi), 100, 153,
173, 186.
Montrefor, Capt., 75.
Monture, Henry, 247, 249, 255,
257, 260, 261.
Moravians, 241, 242.
Morris, Capt., no, in, 173,
186, 187.
Murray, Gov. James, 246.
Mulkingum, 281.
Mynders, Rynier, 201.
MAIN, 241.
Naintaw, 84,
Napier, Mr., 185.
Navarre, M., 39, 40, 51.
Negroes, 64, loi, 130, 155, 183.
New Hampftiire, 218.
New Jerfey, 188, 199, 212, 243.
New Orleans, 53, 67.
Newtimas, Joe, 272.
New Years CaU, 85.
NewYork, 141, 142, 144, 146,
153, 166, 168, 169, 172, 181,
183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 193,
194, 196, 198, 199, 212, 243,
253, 254, 268, 270, 274. Neyon

Index.

'-97

Neyon, M., 13, 57, 67.
Niagara, xiv, xv, 6, 10, n, 17,
•9, 23, 26, 35, 36, 47, 48, 53,
59, 60, 61, 6-, 70, 75, 80, 81,
82, 84, 86, SS, 91, 93, 99, 100,
IOI, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107,
108, no, 113, 115, 116, 117,
•29, 131, 132, 143, 144, 149,
150, 151, 156, 164, 165, 166,
•70, 171, 172, 173, 174, '77,
178, iSo, 1S2, 183, 198, 199,

Ottawa, 46,47,48,49,50,51,52,
53, 58, 61, 65, 70, 71, 72, 79,
83, 87, 100, IOI, 102, 103, 104,
107, 108, 109, no, 1 16, 117,
125, 157, 189, 212, 215, 224,
280, 283, 287.
Otter Creek, 253.
Otter, Figure of, 35.
Ouapacamigatte, 208.
Oughnour, Daniel, 75.
Ouquickare, 261

:o2, 20S, 213, 225, 227, 228, Outattanon, 24,44, 65, 67, 114,
234, 245, 270, 274, 275, 276, 116, 117, 133.

281, 2S4, 285, 287.
Nichols, 248.
Ni.\"on, Thomas, 201.
North Carolina, 207.
Northweft Fur Co., 58.
QDINGHQUANOORON, 67.
Oenentois, 115.
Ogdenftjurgh, 58, 275.
Ohio, iv, 33, 52, 142, 143, 156,
180, 212, 254, 279, 281, 283.
Ojibwas, xvii, 2, 21, 50.
O'Moke, George, 264.
Oneida Lake, 275.
Oneidas, 193, 237, 248, 257, 260,
262, 265, 269, 271.
Onoghquagey, 262, 263, 264, 265.
Onondagoes, 96, 118, 228, 248,
265.
Ontario, 81, 228, 234, 240.
Oquago, (varioufly fpelled), 219,
249, 255, 256, 260, 169.
Oraconenton, 5 8.
Orange County, 193.
Ofwegatchie, 149, 275.
Ofwego, xiii, xx, 144, 165, 166,
170, 183, 188, 194, 200, 209,
210, 276.
Ottawa, ix, xi, xiii, xiv, xvii, i , 2,
3, 5, •!, •2, 15, 16, 22, 24,26,
27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 41, 43, 44,
39

Outers, Forreft, 225.
Owego, 212.
pALISADES, 4.
^ Panees, 45, 174, 175.
Parent Creek, 5, 35, 57.
Parkman, Francis, Jr., xx.
Parley, 128, 130.
Parole, xviii.
Paffes, 8 2, 171.
Paffport, XV, 208.
Patteraros, 49, 61, 63.
Paully, Enfign Chriftopher, 3, 15,
41, no.
Paxton Riots, 241, 242, 243, 252.
Peace, xix, 10, 1*2, 13, 16, 21, 26,
27. 28, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46,
47. 53. 67. 76, 79. 82, 84, 92,
93. 95. 97. 98, 100, 102, 103,
104, 105, no, 112, 115, 118,
146, 148, 178, 189, 196, 211,
221, 223, 224, 225, 233, 236,
244, 246, 247, 269, 270, 278,
279, 280, 2S1, 284, 286, 287,
288.
Peltry, 44.
Penn, Gov. John, 231, 251, 252,
253, 282.
Pennfylvania, xvi, 131, 152,212,
227, 268, 272.
Pepiquaghquey, 227. Perry

298

Index.

Perry, Enfign, 63,
Peter, 91,
Petet, Mr., 67.
Philadelphia, 227, 239, 241, 242,
243. 244-
Plans, 100, 1 17.
Pickering, Sir Edward, 115.
Picquet, Francis, 275.
Pipe of Peace, 3, 77, 83, 91, 92,
106, 127, 150.
Pittiaugers, 44.
Pittfljurgh, 18.
Plains of Scioto, 281.
Point au Pain, 81.
Point au Pelee, 17, 178.
Pondac, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi,
xxiii, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23,
24, 26, 28, 31, 32, 34,35, 37,
38, 39. 40, 41. 42. 43.45. 51.
53, 54, 56, 60, 61,66, 70,71,
77, 78. 79. 80, 94, 104, 106,
107, 116, 117, 126, 127, 130,
131, 161, 212, 279, 280, 283.
Pork, Price of, 145.
Poft, Capt. 272.
Poft Vincent, 107.
Pottawatamies, xvii, 2, 6, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25*, 26, 27, 33, 34,
38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47,48,
52, 56, 59. 63. 65, 69, 70,71,
72,84,85,87,91,94,99,106, 107, 108, no, 114, 117, 128,
157, 224, 280, 283.
Pouchot, M., 58.
Powder, 7, 30, 3^, 67, 83, 97,
loz, 107, 147, 172, 189, 202,
204, 222, 274.
Prentice, Mr., 79, 89, 131, 189.
Prefque Ifle, 36, 37, 70, 75, 85,
91, 134, 156, 279, 281, 282,
283.
Prizes, 1 14, 144, 151.
Prieft, French, 4, 39.

Prifoners, 3, 5, 7, 9, n, 12, 15,
17, 19, 20, 21, 24,25, 27,31,
37, 38, 40, 42,43, 44, 46 52,
54, 56, 59, 76, 77, 83, 84, 85,
87,88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 97,98,
99, 100, IOI, 103, 104, 106,
107, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117,
118, 126, 129, 131, 133, 134,
190, 230, 255, 257, 262, 264,
265, 270, 278, 281, 287, 288.
Proclamations, 210, 211, 215.
Profits of Fur trade, 144.
Prophecy, pretended, 52.
Provender, 172.
Provifions, 5, 6, 8, 10, 17, 18, 37,
58, 68, 69, 70, 79, 80, 145,
151, 163, 271.
Provofts, 1 74.
Prudhomme, Mr., 83.
Pruyn, Samuel, 183.
Puante, 88, 100 102.
QUAGHQUOANDAX, 182.
Quebec, 82, 141, 142, 146,
153, 216, 253.
Queen's Rangers, 132.
Queenfton, 81.
Quilleriez, M., 35.
Quotas, 188, 199, 200.
"DACCOON Skins, 253.
Rainbeau, 91.
Randolph County, ID., 13.
Reaume, Mr., 39, 69, 99, 112.
Reinforcements fent, 8, 36, 37, 54.
Renards, 50, 100 102.
Refcue of Prifoner, 7, 18.
Rifle Barrel Guns, 152.
Riggell, Enfign, 73.
Rioters, 232.
River Au Roche, 119.
River Rouge, 62, 113, 115.
Robertfon, Captain, 128. Robinfon

Index.

299

Robinfon, Capt., 2, 3, 9, 17, 73. Scheneftady, xv, 177, 179, igo,
Rogers,^ Major Robert, 3, 6, 35, 182, 191, 201, 202, 250, 254,

60, 63, 64, 82, S4, 123, 135,
176, 177, 17S, 208.
Roflln, 209.
Royal Americans, 132.
Royal Charlotte, Sloop, 104,
Royome, Mr., 2S7.
Ruiard, France, 88

269, 273.
Schloffer, Enfign, 20, 21, 22, 23,
25. 133-
Schoharie, 213, 219, 238, 249,
250, 263, 266.
School, 219.
Schuyler, Capt. Stephen, 183.

Rum, xiv, 7, 17, 49, 94, 102, 128, Scuyler, Lieut., 17, 18

150, 175, 187.
Rutherford, Mr., 9, 17, 20, 21, 56.
CABOLE, M., 71.
^ Saggina, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29,
33, 38, 89, 92, 102, 106, 225.
St. Albans, 253.
Ange, XX, xxii.
Clair, Arthur, in.
Clair, M., in.
Clair, Lake, 73.
Clair, Capt., 113.

Scioto, 143, 144, 279, 283, 284.
Seckaho, 106, 107, 115, 117.
Senecas, xiii, xix, xv, xvii, 18, 61,
75, 80, 173, 177, 180, 182,
199, 204, 209, 311, 212, 213,
214, 215, 223, 225, 226, 229,
233. 248, 258, 259, 265, 269,
278.
Settlement on Lakes, 157.
Shaguomigan, 106.
Shamokin, 179, 180, 182.
Shataquau, 279.
Jofephs, n, 20, 24, 25, 42, Shaw, Sergeant, 16.
67, 69, 70, 79, 80, 88, 94, Shawanefe, 14, 20, 33, 51, 88, 96,
102, 106, 114, 117, 133, 97, 106, 107, no. III, 112,
113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 152,
•53, 154, ^57, ^99, 204, 211,
212, 215, 240, 258, 272, 278,
279, 284, 286, 288.
Shells, 39, 41, 49, 64.

•43, 144. 148, 150, 189,
285.
Lawrence, 58, 217.
Louis, XX, xxi, xxii, 83.
Martin, Mr., 9, 10, 12, 14,

16, 21, 22, 37, 38, 64, 71, Sibbold, 86.

86, 97, 105.
Marys, 32, 14I, 142,144,150,
288.
Vincent, 1 1 7.
Salteux, 102, 114, 116.
Sanduflcy, 12, 15, 16, 54, 60, 66, Singfink, 227.
70, 72, 79, 82, 89, 95, 96, 99, Sioux, 32.
100, 101,104, 108, no, 112, Six Nations, 21, 144, 145, 154,

Siege of Detroit, began, 3, 4, 8.
Sieus, 100.
Silver Heels, 81, 194.
Simpfon, Capt., 119.
Sinclair, Lt., 285.

113, 116, 131, 178, 189, 204,
279, 280, 281, 284, 286, 288.
Saqui, (varioufly fpelled), 84, 87,
91, 100, 102, 114, 157.
Scalp, 5, 18, 20, 39, 40, 287.

155, 214, 215, 232, 284.
Sledges, 188.
Smallman, Mr., 12.
SmaU Pox, 100, 243
Smith, Matthew, 241.

Sortie

300

Index.

Sortie, 7, i6, 23, 33, 34, 37, 38,
39, 40, 54, 57, 88, 123.
Sowers, Capt., 172.
Spaniards, 142, 143, 145, 146.
Speeches, 90, 91, 94, 95.
Spy, 1 16, 183.
Squafticutter, 261.
Sterling, Mr., 7, 17,40, 47, 53, 81.
Statement by Gen. Bradftreet, 141.
Stationery, Order for, 247.
Stariftics of Fur trade, 144.
Stedman, Mr., 80, 184.
Stewart, Lt., 115.
Storming of the Fort threatened, 6.
Stockade, 44, 118, 201.
Stockbridge, 248.
Stone Arabia, 249.
Strouds, 147, 178.
Stuart, John, 205, 208, 230, 231,
268.
Suit at Law, 165.
Surprife, 2, 132.
Surrender of Fori demanded, 6, 8,
9. 35. 39-
Sufquehanna, 179, 180, 182, 212,
227, 241, 254,-255, 262.
Swcgachie, 174, 275.
Swit, Mr., 170.
npAWAYS, 125, 128, 177, 178,
204.
Tawaniowe, 1 74.
Taylor, Jacob, 59.
Teata, 95, 96, 97.
Teedyufcung, 262.
Ten Eyck, Mr. 214.
Tennefie, 190.
Tents, 201.
Teurogoa, 248.
Theata, 45, 52, 67, 85, 86, 90,
94. 95-
Thefault, 99.
Tice, Mr., 254.
TIconderoga, 168, 169.
Tioga, 227, 260.

Tobacco, 150.
Tobacco Pouch made from the Skin
of Capt. Robinfon's Arm, 3.
Tohicon, 227.
Toronto, 76, 87, 171, 173.
Toways, 178.
Tracy, Mr., 29, 30, 31.
Traders, 76, 141.
Traders, Memorial of, 224.
Tranfportation, Coft of, 144.
Treachery of Indians, 2, 5,11, 15,
20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, 51,
68, 69, 96, 227.
Treaty, 7, 8, 17, 19, 33, 67, loi.
Trenton, 242.
Trinkets, 147.
Truce, xviii.
Turkey Ifland, 34.
Turnbull, Mrs., kiUed, 4.
Tucaroras, 96, 207, 23 i, 237, 265,
Twightwees, 268.
¦[JLSTER County, 193.

\;rAND£RHIDEN, David, 84,
^ 86, 182, 183.
Vanderheyden, Lt. Col, 238.
Van Eps, Widow, 201.
Van Slyke, Col, 192.
Venango, 51, 135, 152.
Venifon, 225.
Vermillion, 82.
Vermont, 253, 254.
Veffels fired upon, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10,
n, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 33,
34. 35. 36, 37, 38, 44-
Veffel loft on Lake Erie, 1 1, 75.
Viftory, Schooner, 99, 105, 109,
111, 113, 115, 118.
Vincennes, 107.
Virginia, xx, 113.
Voifegamigate, 203. Wabafli

Index.

30]

W/ABASH, 24, 107, 143, 144, Wells, Capt. Robert, 250.
^^ 148. Wells, Mr., 261.
Wabagommlgot (varioufly fpelled). Wells & Wade, 171.
76, 87, 97, 98, 99, 184, 313. Weftbrook, Capt., 212.
Wade, FcrraU, 239. Whitewood, 104, 109.
Wade, WeUs &, 171. Wilkins, Major, 8, 164, 165, 171,
Wages, 214. 184, 193, 203, 208.
Walfti, Mr., 22, 26, 133. WiUero, Mr., 80.
Wampum, xii, XV, 27, 28,45, 82, Willlamfon, xxi.
90, 91,93, 115, 174, 184, 203, Windmill burned, 67.
Windfor, 255.
Winneprefs, Capt., 163, 164.
Winfton, Mr., 79, 189.
Wyndotes (varioufly fpelled), 2, 53,
70,95, 128, 129,131,177,204.
Wyalufing, (varioufly fpelled), 212,
227, 241, 269.
Wyoming, 241, 243.
Wyyautaukeen, 248.
Y^ORKERS, 273, 275, 276.

204.
War Dance, 99.
War Song, 53, 94, 129.
Waftiaflie, 25, 26.
Wafliee, 24.
Waftinnon, 86.
Waffong, 62, 88, 103.
Watch, Gold, 45.
Watkins, Mr., 7, 15, 62, 63.
Wawaukaugee, 248.
Wecquetank, 241.
Weifer, Conrad, 263.
Weiferfdorp, 263.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

do
do dodo do
do do do
do
do dodo

2
IO

J. Carson Brevoort, Efq., Brooklyn, large paper, i
John Carter Brown, Efq., Providence, do
Hon. Alex. Campbell, KIngfton, Canada, do
James Lenox, Efq., New York, do
Willia.m Wenzies, Efq., New York, do
George C. Anthon, Efq., do fmall paper.
Prof. Charles Anthon, do do
John Anthon, Efq., do do
S. Alofsen, Efq., Jerfey City, do
George Bancroft, Efq., New York, do
Samuel L. M. Barlow, Efq., do do
J. W. BouTON & Co., do do
J. Carson Brevoort, Efq., Brooklyn, do
Charles I. Bushnell, Efq., New York, do
Wm. j. Davis, Efq., New York,
H. B. Dawson, Efq., do
John Fowler, Jr., do
B. H. Hall, Efq., Troy,
Chas.'E. Hammett, Jr., Efq., Newport,
Wm. Howard Hart, Efq., Troy,
James B. Kirker, Efq., New York,
H. S. McCall, Efq., Albany,
John B. Moreau, Efq., New York,
Henry Nicoll, Efq., do
Charles B. Norton, Efq., do
Dr. E. B. O'Callaghan, Albany,

304 Lift of Subfcribers.
M. O'Conor, Efq., New York, fmall paper,
Francis Parkman, Efq., Bofton, do
J. R. Paxton, Efq., Philadelphia, do
Hon. G. W. Pratt, NewYork, do
Hon. J. V. L. Pruyn, Albany, do
Joel Rathbone, Efq., do do
Francis Raymond, Efq., Detroit, do 6
C. B. Richardson, Efq., New York, do 3
Geo. W. Riggs, Jr., Efq., Waftilngton, do
Winthrop Sargent, Efq., Philadelphia, do
J. G. Shea, Efq., New York, do
J. Austin Stevens, Jr., Efq., New York, do
Robert Townsend, Efq., Albany, do
Franklin Townsend, Efq., do do
Dr. Howard Townsend, do do
Gen. Frederick Townsend, do do
W- B. Trask, Efq., Bofton, do
Hon. Wm. Tuthill, Efq., Tipton, Iowa, do
C. J. Walker, Efq., Detroit, do
W. H. Whitmore, Efq., Bofton, do
H. Austin Whitney, Efq., do do
Joseph Willard, Efq., do do
Blftiop John Williams, MIddletown, Ct., do
Hon. W. A. Young, Albany, do .
Am. Antiquarian Soc, Worcefter, Mafs., do
Aftor Library, New York, do
Maine Hiftorlcal Society, do
Mercantile Lib. Aflbciatlon, Baltimore, do
Military Academy at Weft Point, do
New York State Library, Albany, do
Wifconfin Hiftorlcal Society, Madifon, do

«i-iL UNIVERSITY

a 3 90£2 00 3 56 1^6 2b