MIMIHMIttBglMatHIM^ VOLUME O fwwfw^ir'ix^i'^^^ "X^iilifuffSooki ifcrtkefiiwdcBgifm Colltge,uvthis Colony" 0 >Y^LIE«¥Mirv/EI^nrY« • ILIlMK__K_r • Deposited by the Linonian and Brothers Library RAEMAEKERS' , CARTOON HISTORY OF THE WAR RAEMAEKERS' CARTOON HISTORY OF THE WAR COMPILED BY J. MURRAY ALLISON Editor of Raemaekers' Cartoons, Kultur in Cartoons, The Century Edition de Luxe Raemaekers' Cartoons, etc. VOLUME ONE THE FIRST TWELVE MONTHS OF WAR NEW YORK THE CENTURY CO. 1918 Copyright, 1918, by The Century Co. FOREWORD In all the welter of the tragic upheaval which is shattering insti tutions once thought immutable, condemning millions to physical death and awakening other millions to spiritual life, making stag gering discoveries of unexpected human strength or weakness, thrusting men into ftime one day or to oblivion the next, there has been nothing more dramatic than the sudden manifestation of the genius of the Dutchman, Louis Raemaekers, who, as Europe re coiled from the first shock of German barbarity, threw down his brush for his pencil and by the intensity of his spirit aroused the compassion and fired the anger of the world with his cartoons of the Belgian violation. He, more than any other individual, has made intensely clear to the people the single issue upon which the war is joined. More than cartoonist, he is teacher and preacher, with the vision, faith, and intensity of a St. Francis, a Luther, or a Joan of Arc. On August 1, 1914, we find him a quiet, gentle man, the son of a country editor, happy in his family, devout, contemplative, loving beauty and peace, contentedly painting the good and lovely things he saw among the tulip-fields and waterways, the cattle and the wind-mills of his own native Holland before the gray-clad millions of the Kaiser burst into the low countries with fire and sword. Then comes the miracle of his transformation; the idyllic is thrust aside by the hideous reality; beauty is drowned in a bestial orgy of force; and in place of the passive painter arises the fiery preacher; the brush is discarded for the pencil, and the pencil in his hands becomes an avenging sword, because by it millions of people have been aroused to a clear-cut realization of the fact that vi FOREWORD the issue of this war is no less than Slavery and Autocracy versus Freedom and Democracy. The very first of his war cartoons indicated the prophetic vision of the man, and gave the first evidence of his inspiration and genius. It is called "Christendom after Twenty Centuries" and shows a bowed and weeping figure crouching under the sword and lash. It was drawn on that fateful day August 1st, 1914. The intensity of emotion shown in this drawing revealed his power for the first time. To Raemaekers himself it came as a vision and a summons. The landscape painter disappeared, and in his place arose a champion of civilization, throbbing with sublime rage and pity, clothed with authority, and invested with a weapon more pow erful than the ruthlessness it indicts. ' When the stories of the Belgian horror began to circulate in Hol land, Raemaekers, like the rest of the humane world, refused to credit them. His own mother was German; he had spent many happy years in Germany ; he knew the German peasant as a kindly and happy, if rather stupid fellow ; it was incredible that such men could have done the awful things alleged. But the tales persisted, and although the evidence of the wracked and broken refugees who poured into his country by tens of thousands seemed irrefutable, he could not believe it, and readily seized upon the common suppo sition that the terrible stories were the product of the imagination of an overwrought and panic-stricken people. At length he could remain in doubt no longer" and quietly slipped over the frontier to verify for himself the truth or falsehood of the accusations that had already made Germany guilty of the foulest crimes ever perpe trated in the name of war since the dawn of civilization. What he actually saw with his own eyes he does not tell. But a hundred of his early cartoons bear witness to the burning im pression made upon his soul. Raemaekers, like others who have seen them, cannot speak of these unnamable horrors, but can only express his consuming pity or his white-hot rage in the medium FOREWORD vii that lies nearest his hand. On one occasion only has he publicly referred to his experiences in Belgium. It was at a dinner given him by the artists and literary men of London at the Savage Club, where, pointing to the portraits and trophies of Peary, Scott, Nan sen, Shackleton, and other explorers which hang on the walls, he said: "I, too, have been an explorer, Gentlemen. I have ex plored a hell, and it was terror unspeakable." It did not take long for the High Command in Berlin to learn through its agents in Holland of the impression that was being created in the public mind by Raemaekers' cartoons. The publi cation of his first series of cartoons in the Amsterdam Telegraaf, reflecting the unspeakable horror of the atrocities in Belgium and denouncing with burning scorn the Kaiser and his infamous cap tains, gave such offense to the "All-Highest" in Potsdam that the German Government offered twelve thousand guilders for his body dead or alive! Further magnificent testimony to the hurt he inflicted on our common adversaries lies in the fact that the German Government, not content with offering a reward for his body, induced the Dutch Government to prosecute him for endan gering the neutrality of Holland! He was actually tried on this charge, but although he had not spared the burghers and junkers of his own country for what he considered their criminal laxity in the matter of preparedness and their greed in aiding Germany by the smuggling of foodstuffs, etc., across the frontier, the jury acquitted him and the court tacitly confirmed his right to express his opinions. It was after this that the Cologne Gazette in an editorial ad dressed to the Dutch people, obviously seeking to intimidate what its government could not suppress, said: "After the war Ger many will settle accounts with Holland, and for each calumny, for each cartoon of Raemaekers, she will demand payment with the in terest that is her due." German wrath followed him further. His life was constantly endangered at the hands of German agents viii FOREWORD infesting Holland, and he had to be always on his guard, espe cially during his periodical excursions into Belgian territory occu pied by the enemy. Even before he crossed to England, his wife received anonymous letters warning her that any ship he might sail on would surely be torpedoed. As late as November, 1916, an exhibition of his cartoons in Madrid was forbidden by the Spanish Government upon the in sistence of the German embassy in that capital. It is significant to note that these attempted persecutions had an effect directly opposite to that intended. They not only failed to stop the publication of his cartoons but were largely instrumental in drawing the attention of the Allies and neutrals to the great champion that had arisen. For eighteen months 'his cartoons had been appearing in the Amsterdam Telegraaf without exciting a more than mild inter est outside Holland. American and British war-correspondents returning to London from Amsterdam talked enthusiastically of the "Great Raemaek ers" and a few stray cartoons appeared in the press of London and Paris. But he was practically unknown outside of Holland until Christmas week in December, 1915, a year and a half after his first war-cartoon had appeared. A two-line advertisement announced his arrival in the British metropolis. "Exhibition of war-cartoons by Raemaekers, Fine Arts Galleries, Bond Street, admission one shilling," was all it said. While Londoners are generally interested in new artists, Raemaek ers appeared at an inopportune time. For one thing, the public had been rather surfeited with war-literature and war-pictures and the work of an unknown foreign artist was scarcely likely to at tract them, and for another, it was within a few days of Christmas, everybody was leaving London, and those who remained in town were bent on giving the troops and the war-sufferers as merry a time as possible. FOREWORD ix It was quite by chance that the art critic of the London Times visited the Bond Street Galleries a day or so before Christmas, and Raemaekers' world-wide fame as it exists to-day may be said to date from the day that the Times in a two-column notice said, among other things, "this neutral is the only genius produced by the war." The campaign of publicity launched by the Times was taken up by the British and French press. The public flocked to view, and were stunned as they had never been before by the damning record. The cumulative effect of such pictures as "The Shields of Rosselaere," showing men, women, and children forced to march in front of the German armies, "Men to the right, women to the left," in which women and children are being beaten with the butts of rifles; "The Exodus from Antwerp," "The Mothers of Bel gium," "The Widows of Belgium," and others which revealed un imaginable depths of human agony, impressed the London crowd as by a solemn ritual. They saw with a vividness hitherto unap- proached the hideousness of the war, the unequivocal brutality of the German method, and the naked, insatiable greed in the German purpose. Not now could the timidest soul believe that Germany was fighting a war of defense. Here was the fact inescapable that civilization itself was threatened; here was the whole carnival of lust and conquest as mercilessly depicted on the faces of its agents as they themselves had trampled onward to their shocking goal. The exhibition was crowded daily for twenty weeks. From nine in the morning till six at night the galleries were packed with people of every grade of society. It is not too much to say that no oration, no literature, no art had brought the real meaning of the war home so convincingly to Londoners as these cartoons. Parents whc had already given their sons, wives who had given husbands, were strengthened in their resignation and comforted in their sor row; those who yet had the sacrifice to make were fortified in their resolve. As I have said, the cumulative effect of these hun- x FOREWORD dred and fifty cartoons on the emotions of a people just awakening to and suffering from the desperate realities of the war was almost overwhelming, and many a man and woman quivered and cried under this pitiless revelation of the stupendous suffering that had been and was yet to be. / The exhibition was carried from London to the principal Eng lish and Scottish cities, 'and thence to Paris. Everywhere the story was the same. Crowds flocked to see and heed the artist's fiery records ; statesmen, soldiers, artists did him honor. In Lon don he was received by the Prime Minister and the artistic and learned societies ; in Paris he was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor and given a reception at the Sorbonne — the highest purely "intellectual honor that can be bestowed upon any man. France, equally with England, acclaimed him as the new cham pion of humanity. In the provincial cities of England, as in London, crowds thronged the galleries daily for weeks at a time. In Liverpool alone five thousand persons visited the exhibition in one afternoon; Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Glasgow, Edin burgh told the same story of the people being aroused and in spirited as though a new evangel had come to tell them that their cause was sacred and their sacrifice not vain. In a few months his genius was universally recognized and his position as the supreme cartoonist of the war firmly established. And now that he had the appreciation and the scope that were his due, he threw himself into his work with even greater ardor. He made recruiting posters for the army and navy; he depicted the shortage of shells and called on men and women to man the muni tion factories; he contributed posters to stimulate thrift and in dustry and contributions to the Government funds; he worked for both the British and the French Red Cross, and for private and public charities innumerable; his pen never flagged. While the wrongs of Belgium had been the first incentive to his genius, he now dealt with the war in all its later phases, and found subjects FOREWORD xi wherever the blight of Kaiserism traveled — in France, Russia, Serbia, Rumania, Italy, and the Far East; and in the Zeppelin raids, the Armenian massacres, the Belgian and French deporta tions, the Red Cross outrages, and the submarine infamies. As a mere material record of industry, Raemaekers' is probably unique in the world's history. Since the beginning of the war he has drawn nearly 1000 cartoons. There is not a single phase of the war, — military, naval, or political, — that has not formed a basis for his artistic comment. Some three hundred of the car toons have been reproduced in facsimile form, and in that state have been exhibited in hundreds of cities throughout the world. In book form his work exists already in a dozen editions, from the sumptuous edition-de-luxe at one hundred dollars to the popu lar (British) edition at four cents. Post- card editions of the cartoons run into many millions; his cartoons have been filmed, exist as lantern-slides, and leading actors and actresses have reproduced them in the form of tableaux. But it is in the world's press that the greatest distribution has taken place. He is cartoonist to half a hundred newspapers, and lit erally thousands of different publications have reproduced his pictures at one time or another. He has been translated into a score of languages, the writer having seen one edition in Basque and another in Arabic. In the United States, alone his cartoons in one year have reached a newspaper circulation of over 300,- 000,000, and exhibitions have been held in over one hundred of the leading cities. And all this gigantic distribution has grown during the two years that have passed since his cartoons were first exhibited in London. It is a record that has never yet been equalled. What is the secret of this man's appeal to men and women in all stations of life, to people of every creed and nationality? In Europe nearly all, and in America a great many, of the leading writers and thinkers have acclaimed the genius of Raemaekers, but none have been able to xii FOREWORD tell us why it is that his pictures appeal with equal intensity to the Briton, the Latin, the Slav, and the American. A writer in the Boston Transcript perhaps comes nearest to the truth. He says: "The mantle of Dante has fallen upon Raemaekers; he leads the conscience of the world to-day through an inferno of wrong." This world-wide recognition is conclusive testimony to the uni versality of his genius. Raemaekers appeals to all mankind. The value of his contribution to the cause of civilization in this war lies in the fact that he has seen and depicted with the directness and clarity of genius the truth that the issue is j'oined between the forces of evil and good. For him there are no other considerations, no qualifications, no compromises. He has but one enemy, and that is the destroyer of peace and civilization ; he has but one hero, and that is the defender of them. He sees in war itself no pomp and glitter, but only the burning village, the devastated home, the agonized women and children, and the brave and faithful dead. He depicts militarism as hideous, brutal, coarse, and cunning. His one thought seems to be that those things which all kindly and gentle men and women hold dear and sacred are being trampled upon and threatened by a monstrous wrong; and that the ideals of j'ustice, order, and human liberty which have been established in the conscience of humanity after centuries of painful struggle are in danger of annihilation. In thus narrowing the issue, in thus resolving all doubt, he has, in the words of Theodore Roosevelt, "rendered the most powerful of the honorable contributions by neu trals to the cause of civilization." Raemaekers' name and work will live long after many of the men and their achievements in this war have faded from the general mind. Future generations will look at his cartoons and will find in them at once the cause and the justification of the rising of the world's free peoples to give their lives for freedom and the safety of democracy. The historical value of the cartoons have frequently been in- FOREWORD xiii sisted upon by critics and reviewers and I have been urged to pub lish them in the form of a cartoon History of the War. The pres ent attempt is the outcome of these suggestions. It has not been possible to adhere to any very definite method of arrangement. Many of the cartoons were drawn long after the events with ^hich they deal took place, as, for instance, the Wit tenberg pictures. The typhus outbreak amongst the prisoners at Wittenberg happened in December, 1914, but the facts were not made public until May, 1916. On the other hand, the cartoon depicting Count von Bernstorff's dismissal from Washington was published two years before he was handed his passports. It was a cartoon based upon the activities of Dumba. A great number of cartoons, particularly those published during the early months of the war, have no direct historical significance. The Belgian cartoons constitute a general indictment of the German method of warfare, while the Nurse Cavell drawings (Vol. II.) represent a specific comment upon an actual example of that method. The letterpress has been compiled mainly from official commu niques and reports, and from the speeches and public statements of the leading men of the belligerents and some of the neutrals. I have also quoted freely from newspapers, magazines, and books, and whenever possible I have made acknowledgment of these sources. My object has been not to explain the cartoons, but to show their great value as historical documents and to make sure, so far as is possible, that the basis of truth upon which they rest shall not be forgotten. J. Murray Allison. New York, Christmas Day, 1917. NOTE ON THE BELGIAN CARTOONS The cartoons which appear on the following pages up to and including page 86 call for special reference. They represent Raemaekers' impression of the behaviour of the German troops in Belgium during the first weeks of the invasion. The great majority of them were drawn long before any Official Reports were published, and not, as would seem natural, as illus trations of the Reports which were eventually published by the Belgian, French, and British Governments. The cartoon on page 86 was drawn after the publication of the British Government's Official Report. It is important to realise this. It is also neces sary to remember that the German atrocities began actually at the moment that the German troops crossed the frontier on the evening of August 3rd and continued in unabated violence until the defeat at the Marne. After the retreat of the Germans from Paris the German Gen eral Staff appear to have altered its cold-blooded policy in Belgium and France. From that moment, when the carefully prepared blow at the heart of France had failed and when the possibility of defeat began to dawn upon the Potsdam mind, organised robbery, murder, arson and rape were discontinued or at least toned down as a feature of German warfare. Whilst that method — the Of ficial Reports of the Allied Governments' Commissions of Enquiry prove conclusively it was a method — continued, Raemaekers con centrated his pencil upon it and neglected the strictly military and political happenings. That is why I have grouped the Belgian cartoons at the beginning of this volume. They do really repre sent the first phase of the war. With regard to the extracts that I have selected to face the Belgian cartoons I would ask the reader NOTE ON THE BELGIAN CARTOONS xv to remember that they have been taken largely from Official Re ports issued after the drawings were published. Raemaekers' pic- toral indictment came first. . He was justified later by the sworn evidence of eye-witnesses. I think perhaps that it is necessary to make these observations in case the letterpress facing the Belgian cartoons should not in many cases be considered quite apt. J. M. A. CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES R AEMAEKERS' first war cartoon, originally published on the first of August, 1914. THE HARVEST IS RIPE ON the evening of August S the German troops cross the frontier. The storm burst so sud denly that neither party had time to adjust its mind to the situation. The Germans seem to have ex pected an easy passage. The Belgian population, never dreaming of an attack, were startled and stupefied. From the very beginning of the operations the civilian population of the villages lying upon the line of the German advance were made to experi ence the extreme horrors of war. "On the 4th of August," says one witness, "at Herve I saw at about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, near the station, five Uhlans; these were the first German troops I had seen. They were followed by a German officer and some soldiers in a motor car. The men in the car called out to a couple of young fellows who were standing about thirty yards away. The young men, being afraid, ran off and then the Germans fired and killed one of them named D." The murder of this innocent fugitive civilian was a prelude to the burning and pillage of Herve and of other villages in the neighborhood, to the indiscriminate shooting of civilians of both sexes, and to the organized mili tary execution of batches of selected males. British Government Committee's Report. / CRUSH WHATEVER RESISTS ME rx"^ HE wrong — I speak openly — that we are com- -*- mitting we will endeavor to make good as soon as our military goal has been reached. Any body who is threatened as we are threatened, and is fighting for his highest possessions, can have i only one thought — how is he to hack his way through. Von Bethmann-Hollweg. Reichstag, August 4, 1915. With a clear conscience Germany goes to the battlefield. The Kaiser, August, 1914. "THIS IS HOW I DEAL WITH SMALL FRY" TT 7E are now in a state of necessity, and ne- » * cessity knows no law. Our troops have oc cupied Luxemburg and perhaps are already on Belgian soil. Gentlemen, that is contrary to the dictates of international law. It is true that the French Government has declared at Brussels that France is willing to respect the neutrality of Bel gium, so long as her opponent respects it. We knew, however, that France stood ready for inva sion. France could wait, but we could not wait. A French movement upon our flank upon the lower Rhine might have been disastrous. So we were compelled to override the just protest of the Luxem burg and Belgian Governments. Von Bethmann-Hollweg, Reichstag, Berlin, 4th August, '14. GOTT MITT UNS "O EMEMBER that the German people are the chosen of God. On me, the German Em peror, the spirit of God has descended. I am His sword, His weapon and His vicegerent. Woe to the disobedient and death to cowards and unbe lievers. From The Kaiser's speech to his soldiers on the way to the front. 10 ¦ ff SATAN'S PARTNER Bernhardi: "War is as divine as eating and drinking" Satan: "Here is a partner for me" 'T^ HE inevitableness, the idealism, the blessing ¦*" of war as an indispensable and stimulating law of development must be repeatedly emphasized. . . . War is the greatest factor in the furtherance of culture and power. Efforts to secure peace are extraordinarily detrimental as soon as they influ ence politics. . . . Efforts directed toward the abolition of war are not only foolish, but absolutely immoral, and must be stigmatized as unworthy of the human race. ... In fact, the State is. a law unto itself. Weak nations have not the same right to live as powerful and vigorous nations. "Germany and the Next War." 1911. Gen. von Bernhardi. 12 MON FILS. BELGIUM, 1914 "Ah! was your boy among the twelve this morningf Then you'll find him among this lot" \\ 7 HEN the German cavalry occupied the vil lage of Linsmeau not a man of the civilian population took part in the fighting. Neverthe less the village was invaded at dusk on August 10 and all the male inhabitants were compelled to come forward and hand over whatever arms they possessed. No recently discharged firearms were found. The invaders divided these peasants in three groups, those in one were bound, and 11 of them placed in a ditch, where they were afterwards found dead. Belgian Gov. Commission's Report. 14 ia^^^^A*- THE SHIELDS OF ROSSELAERE IN a cafe, lower down, near the canal, I saw a -*- number of German soldiers, and was successful in having a chat with the inn-keeper, at the farthest corner of the bar. I asked, of course, what they meant by burning the village, and he told me that the Germans had made a number of successful at tacks on Fort Pontisse, until at last they had re duced it to silence. They were now so near that they could open the final assault. They were afraid, however, of some ambush, or underground mine, and the Friday before they had collected the population, whom they forced to march in front of them. When they had got quite near they dared not enter it. yet, and drove the priest and twelve of the principal villagers before them. "The German Fury in Belgium," By L. Mokveld. 16 'THEY SHOT HER AS A FRANC- TIREUR" TI7E ourselves regret deeply that during these ™ fights the town of Loewen has been destroyed to a great extent. Needless to say that these con sequences are not intentional on our part, but cannot be avoided in this infamous franc-tireur war being led against us. f Whoever knows the good-natured character of our troops cannot seriously pretend that they are inclined to needless or frivolous destruction. German General Staff. Berlin, August, 1914. 18 AERSCHOT AND AFTERWARDS THE German troops penetrated into Aerschot, a town of 8,000 ^inhabitants, on Wednesday, Aug. 19, in the morniiig. No Belgian forces re mained behind. No sooner did the Germans enter the town than they shot five or six inhabitants whom they caused to leave their houses. In the evening, pretending that a superior German officer had been killed on the Grand Place by the son of the Burgo master, or, according to another version of the story, that a conspiracy had been hatched against the su perior commandant by the Burgomaster and his family, the Germans took every man who was inside of Aerschot ; they led them, fifty at a time, some dis tance from the town, grouped them in lines of four men, and, making them run ahead of them, shot them and killed them afterward with "their bayonets. More than forty men were found thus massacred. Belgian Gov. Commission's Report. 20 BERNHARDISM: 'It's all right. If I hadn't done it someone else might" AS regards private property, respect among Ger man troops simply does not exist. By the universal testimony of every British officer and sol dier I have interrogated the progress of the German troops is like a plague of locusts over the land. What they can not carry off they destroy. Furni ture is thrown into the street, pictures are riddled with bullets and pierced by sword cuts, municipal registers burnt, the contents of shops scattered on the floor, drawers rifled, live stock slaughtered and car casses left to rot in the fields. Cases of petty lar ceny by German soldiers appear to be innumerable; they take whatever seizes their fancy, and leave the towns they evacuate laden like pedlars. Empty ammunition wagons were drawn up in front of pri vate houses and filled with their contents for des patch to Germany. I have had the reports of local commissions of police placed before me, and they show that in smaller villages like those of Caestre and Merris, with a population of about 1,500 souls or less, pil laging to the extent of £4,000 and £6,000 was com mitted by the German troops. Professor J. H. Morgan in "German Atrocities," an Official Investigation. 22 FROM LIEGE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE 24 fe»oU ti tF? efrtifcftfeg i Jiriiiii>-nitfijp|)iaiin ff^a SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS THEY sang, shouted and waved their arms. Most of them carried bottles full of liquor, which they put into their mouths frequently, smashed them on the ground, or handed them to their com rade's, when unable to drink any more themselves. Each of a troop of cavalry had a bottle of pickles, and enjoyed them immensely. Other soldiers kept on running into the burn ing houses, carrying out vases, pictures, plate, or small pieces of furniture. They smashed every thing on the cobbles and then returned to wreck more things that would have been destroyed by the fire all the same. It was a revelry of drunken van dalism. They seemed mad, and even risking being burned alive at this work of destruction. Most of the officers were also -tipsy; not one of them was saluted by the soldiers. "The German Fury in Belgium," By L. Mokveld. 26 j. a.h', r-x-r^i-n-^ckg-''^ .-r*!^*. SEDUCTION "Ain't I a lovable fellow?" THERE is very strong reason to suspect that young girls were carried off to the trenches by licentious German soldiery, and there abused by hordes of savage and licentious men. People in hiding in the cellars of houses have heard the voices of women in the hands of German soldiers crying all night long until death or stupor ended their agonies. One of our officers, a subaltern in the sappers, heard a woman's shrieks in the night com ing from the German trenches near Richebourg l'Avoue; when we advanced in the morning and drove the Germans out, a girl was found lying naked on the ground "pegged out" in the form of a cruci fix. I need not go on with this chapter of horrors. To the end of time it will be remembered, and from one generation to another, in the plains of Flan ders, in the Valleys of the Vosges, and on the rolling fields of the Marne, the oral tradition of men will perpetuate this story of infamy and wrong. Professor J. H. Morgan in "German Atrocities," an Official Investigation. 28 (V Kaei THE HOSTAGES "Father, what have we done?" THE municipal Government of Liege remind their fellow citizens, and all staying within the city, that international law most strictly forbids civilians to commit hostilities against the German soldiers occupying the country. Every attack on German troops by others than the military in uniform not only exposes those who may be guilty to be shot summarily, but will also bring terrible consequences on the leading citizens of Liege now detained in the citadel as hostages by the commander of the German troops. We beseech all residents of the municipality to guard the highest interests of all the inhabitants and of those who are hostages of the German Army, and not to commit any assault on the soldiers of this army. We remind the citizens that by order of General commanding the German troops, those who have arms in their possession must deliver them imme diately to the authorities at the Provincial Palace under the penalty of being shot. The Acting Burgomaster, V. Henault. Liege, August 8th. 30 'Xi* Xx mmi HUSBANDS AND FATHERS ^T^HOUSANDS of Belgian citizens have in like ¦*¦ manner been deported to the prisons of Ger many to Munsterlagen, to Celle, to Magdeburg. At Munsterlagen alone, 3,100 civil prisoners were numbered. History will tell of the physical and moral torments of their long martyrdom. Hundreds of innocent men were shot. I possess no complete necrology; but I know there were ninety-one shot at Aerschot and that there, under pain of death, their fellow-citizens were compelled to dig their graves. In the Louvain group of com munes 176 persons, men and women, old men and sucklings, rich and poor, in health and sickness, were shot or burned. Cardinal Mercier, Archbishop of Malines, Belgium. 32 Jl^jOU'fihsa ** fe±A! TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION! CONCLUSIONS IT is proved — (i.) That there were in many parts of Bel gium deliberate and systematically organized mas sacres of the civil population, accompanied by many isolated murders and other outrages. (ii.) That in the conduct of the war generally innocent civilians, both men and women, were mur dered in large numbers, women violated, and chil dren murdered. (iii.) That looting, house burning, and the wan ton destruction of property were ordered and coun tenanced by the officers of the German Army, that elaborate provision had been made for systematic in cendiarism at the very outbreak of the war, and that the burnings and destruction were frequent where no military necessity could be alleged, being indeed part of a system of general terrorization. (iv.) That the rules and usages of war were fre quently broken, particularly by the using of civil ians, including women and children, as a shield for advancing forces exposed to fire, to a less degree by killing the wounded and prisoners, and in the fre quent abuse of the Red Cross and the white flag. British Government Committee' s Report. 60 A CONFLICT OF TESTIMONY "Sire, it's quite easy; for every witness who swears we've murdered innocent people we will produce two who will swear they did not see it" \ LL that I care to say about the Belgian charges is that I have officially informed the State De partment in Washington that there is not one word of truth in the statements made to the President yes terday by the Belgian Commission. Count von Bernstorff, German Am bassador, at Washington, September 17. 62 THE MOTHERS OF BELGIUM /^ HRISTIAN mothers, be proud of your sons. ^^ Of all griefs, of all our human sorrows, yours is perhaps the most worthy of veneration. I think I behold you in your affliction. Suffer us to offer you not only our condolence, but our congratula tion. Not all our heroes obtain temporal honors, but for all we expect the immortal crown of the elect. For this is the virtue of a single act of perfect char ity — it cancels a whole lifetime of sins. It trans forms a sinful man into a saint. Cardinal Mercier, Archbishop of Malines. 64 KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND USER ALLES 'Where are our fathers?" Belgium, IQ14 66 THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM 68 §P5 ra@BHre£r< FAMINE IN BELGIUM IN Belgium I saw this : Homeless men, women, and children by thou sands and hundreds of thousands. Many of them had been prosperous, a few had been wealthy, practically all had been comfortable. Now, with scarcely an exception, they stood all upon one com mon plane of misery. They had lost their homes, their farms, their workshops, their livings, and their means of making livings. I saw them tramping aimlessly along wind swept, rain-washed roads, fleeing from burning and devastated villages. I saw them sleeping in open fields upon the miry earth, with no cover and no shelter. I saw them herded together in the towns and cities to which many of them ultimately fled, existing God alone knows how. I saw them — ragged, furtive scarecrows — prowling in the shat tered ruins of their homes, seeking salvage where there was no salvage to be found. I saw them liv ing like the beasts of the field, upon such things as the beasts of the field would reject. Irvin S. Cobb. New York Times. December 2* 1914. 70 BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER /^\UR function is ended when we have stated ^-^ what the evidence establishes, but we may be permitted to express our belief that these disclosures will not have been made in vain if they touch and rouse the conscience of mankind, and we venture to hope that as soon as the present war is over the na tions of the world in council will consider what means can be provided and sanctions devised to prevent the recurrence of such horrors as our gene ration is now witnessing. Bryce,F. Pollock, Edward Clarke, Kenelm E. Digby, Alfred Hopkinson, H. A. L. Fisher, . Harold Cox, Concluding words of the Report of the Com mittee appointed by the British Govern ment to investigate alleged German atroci ties in Belgium. 72 THE PRISONERS T N the first days of the war it was undoubtedly and ¦*• unfortunately true that prisoners of war taken by the Germans, both at the time of their capture and in transit to the prison camps, . were often badly treated by the soldiers, guards or the civil population. The instances were too numerous, the evidence too overwhelming, to be denied. . . . From him (U. S. Consul at Kiel) I learned that some unfortunate prisoners passing through the town (in a part of Germany inhabited by Scandinavians) had made signs that they were suffering from hunger and thirst, that some of the kind-hearted people among the Scandinavian population had given them some thing to eat and drink and for this they were con demned to fines, to prison and to have their names held up to the contempt of Germans for all time. I do not know of any one thing that can give a better idea of the official hate for the nations with which Germany was at war than this. James W. Gerard in "My Four Years in Germany." 74 THE EX-CONVICT: "I was a 'lifer ; but they found I had so many abilities for teaching civilisation amongst our neighbours, that I am now a soldier" /^1 RIMES against women and young girls have ^-* been of appalling frequency. We have proved a great number of them, but they only repre sent an infinitesimal proportion of those which we could have taken up. Owing to a sense of decency, which is deserving of every respect, the victims of these hateful acts usually refuse to disclose them. Doubtless fewer would have been committed if the leaders of an army whose discipline is most rigorous had taken any trouble to prevent them; yet, strictly speaking, they can only be considered as the indi vidual and spontaneous acts of uncaged beasts. French Government's Official Report, September, 1914. 76 "^^ WAR LOAN MUSIC "Was blazen die Trompeten Moneten heraus?" EARLY in -September, 1914, the Government made the first War Loan issue. It took the form of £50,000,000 of 5 per cent. Treasury Bonds with a five years' currency, and a 5 per cent. Loan of undefined amount, irredeemable until 1924. The price of both the Treasury Bills and the Loan was 91 y2. During the ten days in which the list;s remained open, a tremendous propaganda was car ried on in the Press — this quotation is typical: "The victories which our glorious Army has al ready won in the west and east justify the hopes that now, as in 1870, the expenses and burdens of the war will fall ultimately upon those who have disturbed the peace of the German Empire. But first we must help ourselves. Great interests are at stake. "German capitalists, show that you are inspired by the same spirit as our heroes, who shed their hearts' blood in the fight. Germans who have saved money, show that you have saved, not only for your selves, but also for the Fatherland. German cor porations, companies, savings banks, and all institu tions which have blossomed and grown up under the powerful protection of the Empire, repay the Em pire with your gratitude in this hour of fate. Ger man banks and bankers, show what your brilliant organization and your influence on your customers are able to produce." Times History of the War. 78 LIBERT E! LIBERT E CHERIE! SOLDIERS,— Upon the memorable fields of Montmirail, of Vauchamps, of Champaubert, which a century ago witnessed the victories of our ancestors over Bliicher's Prussians, your vigorous offensive has triumphed over the resistance of the Germans. Held on his flanks, his centre broken, the enemy is now retreating towards east and north by forced marches. The most renowned army corps of Old Prussia, the contingents of West phalia, of Hanover, of Brandenburg, have retired in haste before you. This first success is no more than a prelude. The enemy is shaken, but not yet decisively beaten. You have still to undergo severe hardships, to make long marches, to fight hard battles. May the image of your country, soiled by barba rians, always remain before your eyes. Never was it more necessary to sacrifice all for her. Saluting the heroes who have fallen in the fight ing of the last few days, my thoughts turn towards you — the victors in the next battle. Forward, soldiers, for France. Franchet d'Esperey, General Commanding the Vth Army. Montmirail, September 9, 1914. 80 THE JUNKER "What I have most admired in you, Beth- mann, is that you have made Socialists our best supporters" T^NGLAND is playing a perfectly shameful ^"^ role in this war. Even though France were allied to Russia by an unfortunate treaty, England was not so allied! But England, who has ever been jealous of the industrial development of our country, used the violation of our treaty of neutral ity with Belgium, which was incurred only in dire need and which was yielded openly and honestly in the Reichstag by the Chancellor, as a pretext to de clare war against us. Philipp Scheidemann, Socialist ex-Vice-President of the Reichstag. 82 «,-""- j^uyi^ TAaei>,of H THE HIGHER POLITICS The Kaiser: "We will propose peace terms; if they accept them, we are the gainers; if they refuse them, the respon sibility will rest with them" (~> ERMANY has suggested informally that the ^"* United States should undertake to elicit from Great Britain, France, and Russia a statement of the terms under which the Allies would make peace. The suggestion was made by the Imperial Chan cellor, von Bethmann-Hollweg, to Ambassador Gerard at Berlin as a result of an inquiry sent by the American Government to learn whether Em peror William was desirous of discussing peace, as recently had been reported. The Associated Press. Washington, September 17, 1914. 84 XL— i o u i '. Hvaem ae kefs LUTHER-LIEBKNECHT IN THE REICHSTAG "It is a War of Rapine! On that I take my stand. I cannot do otherwise" I UNDERSTAND that several members of the Socialist Party have written all sorts of things to the press with regard to the deliberations of the Socialist Party in the Reichstag on August 3 and 4. > According to these reports there were no serious differences of opinion in our party in regard to the political situation, and our own position and deci sion to assent to war credits are alleged to have been arrived at unanimously. In order to prevent the dissemination of an inad missible legend I feel it to be my duty to put on record the fact that the issues involved gave rise to diametrically opposite views within our parliamen tary party, and these opposing views found expres sion with a violence hitherto unknown in our de liberations. It is also entirely untrue to say that assent to the war credits was given unanimously. Dr. Carl Liebknecht, Member of the Reichstag. September 18, 1914. 86 THE LAND MINE 88 THE VERY STONES CRY OUT, "Thou art the man" THE German Government states officially in contradiction of the report made by the Havas Agency that German artillery purposely de stroyed important buildings at Rheims, that, on the contrary, orders were given to spare the Cathedral by all means. Count von Bernstorff. Washington, September, 1914. On Sept. 19 the cathedral was fairly riddled by bombs during the entire day, and at about 3:45 the scaffolding surrounding the north tower caught fire. This fire lasted about one hour, and during that time two further bombs struck the roof, setting it also on fire. The monument, about which no troops were massed, towers above the rest of the town ; to avoid it, in view of. the uselessness of destroying it and because it was serving as a hospital, would have been an easy matter. It would seem that the only explanation which can be offered was blind rage upon the part of the besieging army. Mr. Whitney Warren's Official Report to the French Government. September, 1914. 90 UL_-TY dear Sir, how is it possible to fight these people? They seem to have no mercy, no decency. It really seems impossible to know how to meet them. General Castelnau to Mr. Whitney Warren. The bells sound no more in the cathedral with two towers. Finished is the benediction! . . . With lead, O Rheims, we have shut your house of idolatry ! M. Rudolf Herzog in Berlin Lokal-Anzeiger. Jan., 1915. 92 RHEIMS— WAR AND CHRIST F I ^ HE commonest, ugliest stone put to mark the burial-place of a German grenadier is a more glorious and venerable monument than all the ca thedrals of Europe put together. Gen. von Disfurth In Hamburger Nachrichten. Reduce to ashes the basilica of Rheims where Klodovig was anointed, where that Empire of Franks was born — the false brothers of the noble Teutons ; burn that cathedral ! Written in the year 1814 by Jean-Joseph Goerres in the "Rheinische Merkin." 94 LIQUID FIRE TN October, 1914, the headquarters of the second ¦*- German army at St. Quentin had issued an Or der regulating the use of fire-squirts ejecting inflam mable liquid. A special Corps of Pioneers, attach able to any unit which might need them, had been organized to handle this novel weapon. The Or- der explained that thefinstrument could squirt a flame which would t'ause mortal injury and which, owing to the heat generated, would drive the enemy to a considerable distance. It was recommended particularly for street fighting. Times History of the War. 96 WE ARE ON OUR WAY TO CALAIS! IN those days the German headquarters gave con tinuously the order, "To Calais, to Calais," and the staff considered no difficulties, calculated no sacrifices, in order to achieve success. What these frenzied orders have cost in human lives history will tell later on. "The German Fury in Belgium," By L. Mokveld. Then the "seventy fives" were brought up at a gallop and poured a hail of shell at the demoralized German infantry wading frantically through the water towards the canal. Rifles and machine guns joined the work of destruction, and the placid lake between the railway and canal was soon dotted with drowning Germans fallen from the demoralized crowds struggling to reach a haven of safety over the bridges of St. Georges, Schoorbakke, and Ter- vaete. The crisis of the battle of the Yser was over; the Germans had made their great effort and had failed. * The Times History of the War. Battle of. the Yser. October, 1914. 98 WRITE IT DOWN, SCHOOL MASTER William: "Write it down, Schoolmaster. Monday shall be Copper Day; Tuesday, Potato Day; Wednesday, Leather Day; Thursday, Gold Day; Friday, Rubber Day; Saturday, no Dinner Day, and Sunday, Hate Day!" TAKE you the folk of the Earth in pay, With bars of gold your ramparts lay, Bedeck the ocean with bow on bow, Ye reckon well, but not well enough now, French and Russian, they matter not, A blow for a blow, a shot for a shot, We fight the battle with bronze and steel, And the time that is coming Peace will seal, You we will hate with a lasting hate, We will never forego our hate, Hate by water and hate by land, Hate of the head and hate of the hand, Hate of the hammer and hate of the crown, Hate of seventy millions choking down, We love as one, we hate as one, We have one foe and one alone, ENGLAND ! Hymn of Hate, by Ernst Lissauer. Translation by Barbara Henderson. New York Times, Oct., 1914. 100 '— Let','- h\.TemarJr*i s BARBED WIRE 102 OlLklfX.: FS±-M&.rin:LL&U*-&-f2.%: te'&ii&z.j-..,. THE SEA MINE TAKE the very first incident of the war, the mine laying by the Kbnigin Luise. Here was a vessel, which was obviously made ready with freshly charged mines some time before there was any question of a general European war, which was sent forth in time of peace, and which, on receipt of a wireless message, began to spawn its hellish cargo across the North Sea at points fifty miles from land in the track of all neutral merchant shipping. There was the keynote of German tactics struck at the first possible instant. So promiscuous was the effect that it was a mere chance which prevented the vessel which bore the German Ambassador from be ing destroyed by a German mine. From first to last some hundreds of people have lost their lives on this tract of sea, some of them harmless British trawlers, but the greater number sailors of Danish and Dutch vessels pursuing their commerce as they had every right to do. It was the first move in a consistent policy of murder. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle In "The German War." 104 HIS MASTER'S VOICE ? I ^ HE Vlaamsche Stem (Flemish Voice), a Flem ish newspaper, was bought by the Germans, whereupon the whole of the staff resigned, as it no longer represented its title. 1.06 THE PROMISE TT7E shall never sheathe the sword which we ™ have not lightly drawn until Belgium re covers in full measure all and more than she has sacrificed, until France is adequately secured against the menace of .aggression, until the rights of the smaller nationalities of Europe are placed upon an unassailable foundation, and until the military domination of Prussia is wholly and finally de stroyed. H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of England. November, 1914. 108 .....srV— 'A 21 !*'!! THE RAID "Do you remember Black Mary of Ham burg?" "Aye, well." "She got six years for killing a child, whilst we get the Iron Cross for killing twenty at Hartle pool." F I ^ HIS morning a German cruiser force made a ¦*¦ demonstration upon Yorkshire coast, in the course of which they shelled Hartlepool, Whitby, and Scarborough. A number of their fastest ships were employed for this purpose, and they remained about an hour on the coast. They were engaged by patrol vessels on the spot. During the bombardment, especially in West Hartlepool, the people crowded in the streets, and approximately twenty-two were killed and fifty wounded. British Admiralty report. December, 1914. 110 ( <5sn >civ- l-^fi THE TYPHUS INFERNO AT WITTENBERG THEY were received in apathetic silence (Dec, 1914). The rooms were unlighted, the men were aimlessly marching up and down, some were lying on the floor, probably sickening for typhus. When they got into the open air again Major Fry broke down. The horror of it all was for the mo ment more than he could bear. Major Priestly saw delirious men waving arms brown to the elbow with fsecal matter. The pa tients were alive with vermin; in the half light he attempted to brush what he took to be an accumu lation of dust from the folds of a patient's clothes, and he discovered it to be a moving mass of lice. In one room in Compound No. 8 the patients lay so close to one another on the floor that he had to stand straddle-legged across them to examine them. What the prisoners found hardest to bear in this matter were the jeers with which the coffins were frequently greeted by the inhabitants of Wittenberg who stood outside and were permitted to insult their dead. Report of the British Committee. 112 REMEMBER WITTENBERG THESE medical officers protested with the camp commander against the herding together of the French and British prisoners with the Russians, who, as I have said, were suffering from typhus fever. But the camp commander said, "You will have to know your Allies" ; and kept all of his prisoners to gether, and thus as surely condemned to death a number of French and British prisoners of war as though he had stood them against the wall and or dered them shot by a firing squad. Conditions in the camp during the period of this epidemic were frightful. The camp was practically deserted by the Germans. At the time I visited the camp the typhus epidemic, of course, had been stamped out. The Germans em ployed a large number of police dogs in this camp and these dogs not only were used in watching the outside of the camp in order to prevent the escape of prisoners but also were used within the camp. Many complaints were made to me by prisoners concerning these dogs, stating that men had been bitten by them. It seemed undoubtedly true that the prisoners there had been knocked' about and beaten in a terrible manner by their guards. James W. Gerard in "My Four Years in Germany." 114 THE WONDERS OF CULTURE /"\N January 29, 1915, the first Zeppelin raid upon Paris took place. Twenty-four people were killed outright by the exploding bombs and over 30 were injured. With one exception all the dead and injured were civilians and the majority were women and children. 116 Jtikh\ TIRP1TZ' LAST HOPE— PIRACY THE waters around Great Britain and Ireland, including the whole English Channel, are de clared a war zone on and after February 18, 1915. Every enemy merchant ship found in this war zone will be destroyed, even if it is impossible to avert dangers which threaten the crew and passen gers. Also neutral ships in the war zone are in danger, as in consequence of the misuse of neutral flags or dered by the British Government on January 31, and in view of the hazards of naval warfare, it can not always be avoided that attacks meant for enemy ships endanger neutral ships. Shipping northward, around the Shetland Is lands, in the eastern basin of the North Sea, and a strip of at least thirty nautical miles in breadth along the Dutch coast, is endangered in the same way. German Navy Official Communication. Berlin, February 4, 1915. 118 -J^'^TAjSVn a t /v,«- r : '"¦ ALCOHOLISM— BRITONS NEVER WILL BE SLAVES ^ I ^HE vast majority belong to a class we can depend upon. The others are a minority. But, you must remember, a small minority of workmen can throw a whole works out of gear. What is the reason? Sometimes it is one thing, sometimes it is another, but let us be perfectly can did. It is mostly the lure of the drink. They re fuse to work full time, and when they return their strength and efficiency are impaired by the way in which they have spent their leisure. Drink is do ing us more damage in the war than all the German submarines put together. D. Lloyd George at Bangor. February 28, 1915. 120 ...... , V* The Crown Prince: "Isn't it an enjoy able war?" William: "Perhaps, but hardly as much so as I anticipated" A ¦ SO sum up, the German General Staff has placed upon its record since the beginning of the campaign — apart from the failure of its great plan, which aimed at the crushing of France in a few weeks — seven defeats of high significance, namely, the defeat of the sudden attack on Nancy, the defeat of the rapid march on Paris, the defeat of the en- velopement of our left in August, the defeat of the same envejopement in November, the defeat of the attempt to break through our centre in September, the defeat of the coast attack on Dunkirk and Calais, and the defeat of the attack on Ypres. French Official report, February, 1915. 122 A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES "We have gained a good bit: our ceme teries now extend as far as the sea" ^T^HE wastage of German effectives is easy to ¦*¦ establish. We have for the purpose two sources — the official .lists of losses published by the German General Staff and the notebooks, letters, and archives of soldiers and officers killed and taken prisoners. These different documents show that by the middle of January the German losses on the two fronts were 1,800,000 men. These figures are certainly less than the reality, because, for one thing, the sick are not comprised, and, for another, the losses in the last battle in Poland are not included. Let us accept them, how ever; let us accept also that out of these 1,800,000 men 500,000 — this is the normal proportion — have been able to rejoin after being cured. Thus the final loss for five months of the campaign has been 1,300,000 men, or 260,000 men per month. French Government Official Report. March, 1915. 124 NEUVE CHAPELLE Order of the Crown Prince of Bavaria: "You must give those English heavy blows." Tommy to prisoners after Neuve Chapelle : "Weren't they heavy?" SOLDIERS of the Sixth Army! We have now the good luck to have also the Englishmen opposite us on our front, troops of that race whose envy was at work for years to surround us with a ring of foes and to throttle us. That race espe cially we have to thank for this war. Therefore, when now the order is given to attack this foe, prac tice retribution for their hostile treachery and for the many heavy sacrifices! Show them that the Germans are not so easily to be wiped out of "his tory. Show them that, with German blows of a special kind. Here is the opponent who most blocks a restoration of the peace. Up and at him! Crown Prince Rupprecht. After several days of severe fighting the British captured Neuve Chapelle, on the 11th March, 1915. The German loss was estimated at 18,000. 126 '^I^&ilmimsi^isgi^&sm^^^^^x THE MUNITION SHORTAGE Fired at but unable to reply \ \ J E have unfortunately found that the output is not only not equal to our necessities, but does not fulfil our expectations. ... I can only say that the supply of war material at the present moment and for the next two or three months is causing me very serious anxiety, and I wish all those engaged in the manufacture and supply of these stores to realize that it is absolutely essential not only that the arrears in the deliveries of our munitions of war should be wiped off, but that the output of every round of am munition is of the utmost importance and has a large influence on our operations in the field. Lord Kitchener. House of Commons, March 15, 1915. 128 SUBMARINE BAGS ON March 18 a month had passed since the be ginning of our sharp procedure against our worst foe. We can in every way be satisfied with the results achieved in the meantime! In spite of all steps taken before and thereafter, the English have everywhere had important losses to show at sea — some 200 ships lost since the beginning of the war, according to the latest statements of the Allies. In the innocent exalted island kingdom many a fellow is already striking; why should not even the recruit strike, who is also beginning to get a glim mer of the truth that there are no props in the ocean waves ? The more opponents come before the bows of our ships and are sunk, the better ! Down with them to the bottom of the sea ; that alone will help ! Let us hope that we shall soon receive more such cheerful news. Vice-Admiral Kirchoff. Hamburger Framdenblatt. March 19, 1915. 130 i 9 -T,o^l — =dlp "Hullo! Potsdam? Did you thank your dear old God for this new suc- S)tf cess? THE Royal Highlanders of Montreal, 13th Battalion, and the 48th Highlanders, 15th Battalion, were more especially affected by the dis charge. The Royal Highlanders, though consid erably shaken, remained immovable on their ground. The 48th Highlanders, who no doubt received a more poisonous discharge, were for the moment dis mayed, and, indeed, their trench, according to the testimony of very hardened soldiers, became in tolerable. The Battalion retired from the trench, but for a very short distance and for a very short time. In a few moments they were again their own men. They advanced on and reoccupied the trenches which they had momentarily abandoned. . . . The sorely tried Battalion (the 13th) held on for a time in dug-outs, and, under cover of darkness, retired again to a new line being formed by rein forcements. The rearguard was under Lieut. Greenshields. But Major McCuaig remained to see that the wounded were removed. It was then, after having escaped a thousand deaths through the long battle of the night, that he was shot down and made a prisoner. Sir Max Aitken, in "Canada in Flanders." 146 'THE ADORATION OF THE MAGI" 148 .. A ¦ A \ ALL IS QUIET IN BELGIUM T ASKED General von Bissing if there was much need for this military tribunal .(The Feld Ge- richt). I shall not forget his reply. "We have a few serious cases," he said. "Oc casionally there is a little sedition but for the most part it is only needle pricks. They are quiet now. They know why," and, slowly shaking his head, von Bissing, who is known as the sternest disciplin arian in the entire German Army, smiled. From an interview given by the Governor-General of Belgium to Edward Lyall Fox, New York Times, April, 1915. 150 Germany: "Gott strafe England! or I will do it myself" NOTICE! "¦"TRAVELLERS intending to embark on the At- "*¦ lantic voyage are reminded that a state of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great Britain and her allies ; that the zone of war includes the waters adjacent to the British Isles; that, in accordance with formal notice given by the Im perial German Government, vessels flying the flag of Great Britain, or of any of her allies, are liable to destruction in those waters and that travellers sailing in the war zone on ships of Great Britain or her allies do so at their own risk. Imperial German Embassy. Washington, D. C, April 22, 1915. Advertisement published in New York newspapers. 152 J-H0UI5 r\a<;TWff>k?rir, 'Well, have you nearly done?" THE Cunard liner Lusitania was yesterday tor pedoed by a German submarine and sank. The Lusitania was naturally armed with guns. Moreover, as is well know here, she had large quan tities of war material in her cargo. Berlin Official Report, May 8, 1915. This report is not correct. The Lusitania was inspected before' sailing, as is customary. No guns were found, mounted or unmounted, and the vessel sailed without any armament. Collector Port of New York, May 9, 1915. The sinking of the British passenger steamer Fal- aba by a German submarine on March 28, through which Leon C. Thrasher, an American citizen, was drowned; the attack on April 28 on the American vessel Cushing by a German aeroplane; the torpe doing on May 1 of the American vessel Gulflight by a German submarine as a result of which two or more American citizens met their death; and, finally, the torpedoing and sinking of the steamship Lusitania, constitute a series of events which the Government of the United States has observed with growing concern, distress, and amazement. From United States Note to Germany, May 13, 1915. 154 ^Ss* .nai