,yy ' o; 'k¦ j rr am ¦ i ' i V'HW^| - WILBUR S. YEARSLEY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 267 charge of the business in Whitman and Garfield counties and also that of Latah and Nez Perce counties, Idaho. Two years later, in 1897, his duties were in creased by the addition of the business of Yakima, Kittitas, Adams and Franklin counties, Washington, all of which he cleared up in 1899 and turned it over to the Spokane office. For two years thereafter he engaged in the land and loan business on his own responsibility but in 1901 he became associated with D. T. Ham and C. L. Hoffman and together they organized the Palouse Land Company, which they operated until 1906. In August, 1907, together with David J. Ham, Donald Ryrie and Shirley S. Philbrick he incorporated the company of Ham, Yearsley, Ryrie & Philbrick for the purpose of a general. investment business but in 1908 Mr. Phil- brick retired to look after personal business. Since then the firm has been conducted under the name of Ham, Yearsley & Ryrie, with D. T. Ham, president; Wilbur S. Yearsley, vice president; K. Murray, secretary; and D. Ryrie, treasurer. They do r, general fire, liability and indemnity insurance business and they also handle land, loans and investments and collectively and individually they are financially iden tified with various local enterprises. Mr. Yearsley has quite extensive interests and at the present time is president of The Inland Empire Paper Company, vice presi dent of The Liberty Lake Land Company and International Power Company, while he is also president of The Industrial Development Company and The Klickitat Co lumbia River Irrigation Company. He is one of the enterprising and progressive business men of the city and is meeting with excellent success in his various under takings. Political activities have always engaged much of the attention of Mr. Yearsley, although he has never been an office seeker, and his support is given to the demo cratic party. He was on the democratic electoral ticket of this state during the Palmer and Buckner campaign and while residing in Whitman county he was chair man of the democratic central committee. Fraternally he is identified with Thomp son Lodge, F. & A. M., of eastern Pennsylvania, and his connection with organiza tions of a more purely social nature is confined to his membership in the Spokane and Inland Clubs of this city. Mr. Yearsley has never married and makes his home at 2017 Mallon street. He is an enthusiastic admirer of the northwest and has unlimited faith in the marvelous possibilities it offers, commercially, industri ally and agriculturally, owing to its many natural advantages and the spirit of en ergy that characterizes its citizens. He avails himself of every possible opportu nity to advance its interests by championing every progressive movement inaugurated in Spokane and giving his cooperation to forwarding the development of the various public utilities. WILLIAM MULHALL. William Mulhall, a member of the real-estate firm of Mulhall Brothers, whose offices are located at No. 110 Stevens street, Spokane, was born in Grundy county, Illinois, in 1862, and is a son of James and Ann (O'Leary) Mulhall. The father was a well known farmer and stockman of Illinois until 1890, when he removed to Iowa, and there he passed away in December, 1902. vol. m— 14 268 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE The preliminary education of William Mulhall was obtained in the common schools, following which he pursued a course in Bryant & Stratton Business Col lege at Chicago. After his graduation from this institution he went to Iowa, where he began his business career as head of the real-estate department of the Bank of Northwestern Iowa at Alton, that state. He was identified with this concern for three years, and then removed to Rock Valley, Iowa, where he was associated with others in the organization of the Farmers' Bank of Rock Valley, of which his brother John was president and he was cashier. This became one of the well es tablished and flourishing banking institutions of the county, and Mr. Mulhall was identified with it during the succeeding fifteen years. At the expiration of that period he disposed of his interest and resigning his position went to Sioux City and once more engaged in the real-estate business. He continued in this line at that point for three years, and at the end of that time, in 1902, he came to Spokane, and has ever since made this city his home. During the first nine years of his resi dence here, Mr. Mulhall devoted the greater part of his attention to the develop ment of his fine stock ranch, on Camas prairie, Idaho, in the vicinity of Grangeville. He has two thousand acres of land there and is breeding and raising thoroughbred horses, cattle and hogs. On the 1st of August, 1911, Mr. Mulhall together with his sons, Emmet and Earl, organized the real-estate firm of Mulhall Brothers, and they are making a specialty of Camas prairie lands and farm loans. Although they have only been engaged in business for a few months, their prospects are prom ising and they have already put through several important deals. In September, 1888, Mr. Mulhall was united in marriage to Miss Ida Pardon, a daughter of John Pardon of Andover, New York, and to them have been born four children: Emmet L., who was born in 1889; Earl A., whose birth occurred in 1890; Agnes M., born in 1895; and William P., Jr., who was born in 1902. The family home is located at No. 1200 Grand boulevard, this city, where they have a very comfortable and attractive residence. Fraternally Mr. Mulhall is identified with the Knights of Columbus. LINNEUS LINCOLN WESTFALL. While engaged in the general practice of law at Spokane Linneus Lincoln West- fall has specialized to some extent in patent litigation, and in this connection has secured a large clientele. He was born in Macomb, Illinois, April 5, 1865. His ancestry is traced back to one of the old New York families whose establishment in America antedates the Revolution, in which representatives of the name took part. The family came originally from Westphalia, now a part of Germany, and the surname was originally spelled Westphal, but was changed to conform to the English spelling. His father, Dr. Beverly R. Westfall, was born in Troy, New York, and died in Spokane, August 3, 1889. He devoted his life to the profession of medicine and enjoyed a large practice. He came to Spokane in 1883 and during his residence here served as councilman from the fourth ward. With remarkable foresight he recognized the possibilities for the building of a large city here and while a member of the council offered a resolution to buy the water power for two hundred thousand dollars, which would have included all of the holdings of the SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 269 present Washington Water Power Company. His resolution was defeated, how ever, because other members of the council contended that it would bankrupt the city. Soon after his arrival Dr. Westfall purchased property on North Monroe street and he said that if Spokane would purchase the water power a city would be developed that would reach from the hill on the south to Little Baldy on the north. Had his plan been carried out Spokane would have been richer by many millions of dollars, but unfortunately he could not convince his colleagues in the council that his ideas were of practical value. During the Civil war he organized a company in Illinois for service at the front and was chosen its captain, but on ac count of the serious illness of one of his sons he had to resign and did not go to the front. He married Ellen E. Hays, who was born in Kentucky and died in Illi nois in 1883. She was of Irish descent although the family was planted on Ameri can soil prior to the Revolutionary war. In the family were five sons and two daugh ters: Frank C, a farmer at Twin Falls, Idaho; Ralph B., a farmer at Prosser, Wash ington; Leland D., a nurseryman of Portland, Oregon; Linneus L., of this review; Hugh H., proprietor of a cafe in Denver, Colorado; Sarah S., the wife of Dr. F. M. Martin, of Maryville, Missouri; and Myra, the wife of William Hayes, of Los Angeles, California. In the common schools Linneus Lincoln Westfall began his education and after ward attended the Illinois Normal School and Business College at Macomb. He pursued the study of law in the office and under the direction of C. F. Wheat, of' that city, teaching school a portion of the time as he preferred earning his own way, and was admitted to the bar in Illinois in August, 1887. In February, 1888, he left the middle west and came to Spokane and on the 12th of that month opened an office on Monroe street near the courthouse on the north side. In the great fire of 1889 all of the law offices save his were destroyed. He remained at his original location until 1890 when he removed to the south side and occupied an office in the center of the city. In the meantime he did a great amount of office work and record search ing until after the street car system was installed and he removed his place of busi ness to the south side of the river. He has always practiced alone and while he continues to engage in general practice he has to some extent specialized in patent litigation. He has also given considerable attention to real-estate law and titles, representing a number of corporations, and is owner of an interest in the Guaranty Title Company. His work is largely along technical lines for real-estate and patent litigation turn more to the scientific and technical sides of law practice. He greatly enjoys this phase of the profession. Mr. Westfall is a member of a society the members of which investigate, study and keep in touch with the latest. development of psychic nature, the laws suggested thereby and their application to physical and mental healing, deriving conclusions from actual experimental work in connection with the hypothesis laid down by Hudson and other scientific writers. During the early days before Spokane had a paid fire department Mr. Westfall was president of the Washington Volunteer Hose Company No. 3, and was thus serving at the time of the great conflagration of 1889. The company had only three hand hose carts at that time and were working with a part of the hose when a num ber of men came along and took off the balance of the hose and their cart and they never saw them again. The men of the company realized that they were working at a hopeless task as very little water was obtainable, but still they kept on fighting the fire until the end, unwilling to admit defeat. The fire could have easily been 270 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE put out by one of the chemical engines now owned by the city. The townsmen had no idea of the danger before them until they saw the blaze jump to the dome of the Pacific Hotel and when that was ignited it seemed as though a current of air sprung up that was on a line from the original fire to the dome of the hotel and then drew the flames down to the business section. Mr. Westfall retained his membership with the company until a paid fire department was established. He holds membership with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Woodmen of the World and in the latter has filled all of the chairs and was twice in terstate delegate, serving in the convention which was held in Colorado in 1903 and again at Los Angeles in 1905. He belongs also to the Inland Club, and to the Cham ber of Commerce and at one time was a director of the Young Men's Christian Asso ciation. In his political views Mr. Westfall is a republican, actively interested in the party and its success, and has frequently been a delegate to the city and county conventions. He has also served on both city and county committees and has fre quently delivered campaign addresses in behalf of his party. On the 2d of October, 1890, in Spokane, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Westfall and Miss Adelaide Mickel, a daughter of Judge P. D. Mickel, a prominent attorney of Spokane and at one time attorney for the city of Spokane, but now de ceased. He came to this city in 1886 and was a representative of an old New York family of German descent. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Westfall have been born two chil dren, Elbert L. and Ethel B. The family attend the Presbyterian church, of which they are members. Thoroughness has always characterized him in every relation of life, enabling him in his school days to lay a good foundation for his future suc cess. In his preparation for the bar he studied diligently and mastered the great basic principles of jurisprudence. The same quality has characterized him in all of his professional service, making him one of Spokane's able and successful law yers, particularly prominent in the field of his special lines. DAVID BEMISS. Along with the rapid development of Washington in a material way, through the utilization of its natural resources and the establishment and conduct of im portant business enterprises, there came an equal desire for advancement in educa tional lines. The state was largely settled by an intelligent, progressive and enter prising class of citizens from the east who recognized the value of intellectual training and called to the schools of the state men of marked capability and efficiency in educational work. Among this number was David Bemiss, who for ten years was superintendent of the Spokane schools, which he largely raised to the high standard of excellence now maintained. He was a native of Ontario, Canada, born January 3, 1840, and his parents were Orrin and Phebe (Crawford) Bemiss, natives of New York. The father was a farmer by occupation and to his son afforded excellent educational oppor tunities, which were improved to good advantage. Dav,id Bemiss remained a pupil in the public schools until seventeen years of age, when he entered upon the pro- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 271 fession of teaching. A year later he became a student in an academy with inten tion to prepare for college, and in 1861 he matriculated in Toronto University, from which he received his Bachelor of Arts degree upon graduation with the class of 1865. The following year he won his Master of Arts degree and also the silver medal in natural science. Throughout his entire life he was connected with educational work. On the completion of his university course he was called to the superintendency of the public schools of Clinton, Michigan, where he remained for four years. During the succeeding year he was a teacher at Birmingham, that state, and was then elected superintendent of the city schools of Coldwater, Mich igan. During his incumbency in that position the standard of education was raised until the right of certification was accorded these schools by the University of Michigan — a privilege never extended to any but institutions of the highest rank. Not only were Mr. Bemiss' labors felt as a progressive intellectual force in the towns mentioned but also constituted an element for educational advancement throughout the state, for he became distinguished as an institute worker and lec turer and in 1877-8 was president of the Michigan Association of City School Su perintendents — a position that indicated the high regard entertained for his ability by his coworkers. In 1878 he became superintendent of the public schools of Manistee, Michigan, which also improved under his supervision until they became affiliated with the University of Michigan. He continued there as superintendent and as a member of the board of education for nine years and in 1887 accepted the superintendency of the schools of Fort Scott, Kansas, where he remained for two years. On the expiration of that period Professor Bemiss resigned to come to Spokane and during the decade between 1889 and 1899 labored indefatigably to place the schools of this city on the highest possible educational plane. He was constantly studying out new methods to improve the schools and add to their efficiency in preparing boys and girls for the responsible duties of later life. He introduced many valuable measures and plans in connection with the schools and also exerted a powerful and beneficial influence in the educational development of the state. Thoroughness and ability marked his career and he continued one of the chief ex ponents of high standards of scholarship until his death. Two years before his demise, however, he retired from active connection with the profession and in much needed rest spent his remaining days upon his farm near the city. His standing in professional circles was indicated by the fact that he was appointed by the State Teachers Association to organize a state reading circle, of which he for a time served as president. He was also a member pf the state board of education and served as president of the Washington State Teachers Association. He became a member of the national council of education, an organization of sixty members, including leading educators from all parts of the United States. His reputation in his profession was by no means local. He was regarded as one of the ablest ex ponents of the public school system of the country and he had the power to inspire others with something of the same zeal and interest which actuated him in his work. In Canada, in 1866, Professor Bemiss was united in marriage to Miss Phebe M. Page, a native of Canada, and unto them were born four children: Catherine M.; Dr. C. D. Bemiss, a prominent dentist of Spokane, who married Miss Mary Craw ford, of Spokane, by whom he has two children, Richard C. and Catherine C. ; El- 272 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE bert V. Bemiss, who is engaged in the box manufacturing business in Spokane; and Florence R. Death severed the family circle when on the 16th of February, 1902, Professor Bemiss was called from this life. He had never been remiss in the duties of citizen ship but always kept well informed concerning the questions which were of vital and significant interest to city, state and nation. He was an active republican and he was equally earnest in his support of the First Presbyterian church, in which he served as an elder. In his own home he was a most hospitable host, ever friendly and courteous, yet possessing that dignity which forbade undue familiarity. He enjoyed travel, which was to him a means of rest and recreation, and it is almost needless to say that many of his most pleasant hours were spent in his library in association with men of master minds of all ages. While his intellectual superior ity placed him above the great majority of his fellows, there was in him neverthe less an abiding human sympathy that kept him in close touch with his fellowmen and won him the confidence, good will and honor of all who knew him. HARLEY LEWIS HUGHES. Harley Lewis Hughes, editor of the Labor World and widely known as a lead ing socialist of the northwest, was born in the Willamette valley of Oregon on the 10th of June, 1871. His father, William C. Hughes, of Irish descent, was a native of Missouri and is now living in Thornton, Whitman county, Washington, where he follows the occupation of farming. He became one of the pioneers of the north west, making his way from Missouri across the plains to Oregon in 1854. He mar ried Rosella Matoon, who was born in Indiana and was brought across the plains when only a year old, her parents casting in their lot with the early settlers of Ore gon in 1855. Mr. and Mrs. William Hughes became parents of three sons and a daughter. The brothers of our subject are Hosea D. and Charles M., both of whom are farming at Thornton, and the sister is Maud C, the wife of W. C. Baker, a grain merchant and farmer of Thornton. In the public schools of Whitman county Harley Lewis Hughes pursued his edu cation prior to entering Colfax College, and when his school days were over he be came connected with the newspaper business in St. John, Washington, where he remained for six months. He afterward conducted the first newspaper in Harrison, Idaho, called the Harrison Ensign, there remaining for a year, after which he be gan the publication of the Silver Star at Gem, Idaho. His next newspaper venture was in the publication of the Idaho State Tribune at 'Wallace, Idaho, and from 1896 until 1900 he was editor and publisher of the Basin Progress, at Basin, Mon tana. He eventually left the newspaper field to become identified with other busi ness pursuits but in 1906 entered into active connection with the well known Labor World of Spokane. In 1901 he was a reporter on the Spokesman Review and in 1902 and 1903 was organizer for the American Labor Union. In December of the latter year he established a printing business in which he became associated with Coates Brothers in August, 1906. In the previous March he was engaged by the SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 273 labor organizations of Spokane to manage and edit the Labor World and has since published that paper, conducting business under the firm name of Coates, Hughes & Coates. He ever stands in support of the many rather than the few and believes in a more equal division of labor and responsibility and of the wealth that accrues from labor. Mr. Hughes' close study of the political, social and economic questions of the day has led him to become identified with the socialist party in the work of which he takes an active interest, being frequently a delegate to its city, county and state conventions. He was also the first candidate of the socialist party for mayor in Spokane, being nominated in 1902, and he was a member of the third legislature of the state of Idaho in 1905-6. On the 3d of August, 1898, Mr. Hughes was married at Basin, Montana, to Mrs. Emma A. Howe, nee Axtell, a daughter of Dr. Axtell, of Troy, Pennsylvania. They have twin sons, Harry and Edwin, who are attending school. Mr. Hughes is well known in a number of fraternal organizations, being prominently identified with the Eagles and a member of the grand aerie. He was also worthy president of the Spokane Aerie and has been twice district grand worthy president. He likewise holds membership with the Knights of Maccabees and the Ladies of Security. His interest in public affairs and his ready sympathy for the unfortunate are testified to by his membership on the Spokane Charities Commission. He has been a close and discriminating student of the questions of the day, of existing conditions and of the probable outcome, of important issues, and his editorials which bear on the labor world have attracted widespread attention and have awakened earnest thought among his readers. G. G. RIPLEY. G. G. Ripley, who has been engaged in the general practice of law in Spokane since 1903, was born in Iowa, March 27, 1876. His ancestors came from the north of Ireland in the early part of the seventeenth century and representatives of his family fought for the independence of the nation in the Revolutionary war. His grandfather served under General Winfield Scott and was a gunner on the Consti tution in the War of 1812. His father, Elias Pinckney Ripley, was born in Rock Springs, Maryland, July 21, 1837, and is now living in Spokane at the age of seventy-five years. He, too, has a creditable military record. He removed to Iowa in 1854 and, although he was injured in early life, he served under Adjutant General Baker in the Iowa Reserves and held the position of United States enrolling officer. He was also a zealous member and officer of the Union League. He entered upon the practice of law in Ackley, Iowa, and at one time was magistrate in Wright county, that state. He also served as postmaster for a number of years, his commission being signed by General Grant. He has made his home in the northwest since 1910 and is now enjoying a well earned rest in Spokane. In early manhood he wedded Mary E. Groff, who was born in Illinois and is of Holland and French Huguenot ancestry, although early representatives of her family came to America prior to the Revolu tionary war. Mrs. Ripley also survives and she and her husband are now com- 274 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE fortably located in Spokane. In their family were two daughters: Lena, the wife of Walter W. Fox, a merchant of Iowa; and Florine, the wife of Edwin Serverance, a civil engineer of Montana; while one son, Lloyd Glen, died at the age of eighteen years. G. G. Ripley, the only surviving son, attended the high school of Belmond, Iowa, and afterward the Iowa State Normal, where he won the degree of Bachelor of Didactics. He was afterward graduated from Drake University at Des Moines with the degree of LL. B. in 1902. He engaged in teaching school both before and after attending the Normal, devoting three years to the profession. Later he became a traveling salesman and subsequently entered upon the practice of law, having been admitted to the bar in Iowa in 1902. He then practiced for a time in Belmond but came to Spokane in 1903 and in the intervening period to the pres ent time has largely engaged in practice alone. While he is familiar with all branches of the law, he is specializing in equity and corporation work, representing a number of corporations. He also represents a number of mining companies and is familiar with the legal principles which bear upon this branch of practice. Mr. Ripley was united in marriage to Miss Clyde EsteUe Shepherd, of Spo kane, a daughter of John and Josephine Shepherd, of Van Wert, Ohio, the former now deceased. Mrs. Ripley is a representative of an old and prominent family of Kentucky and by her marriage she has become the mother of two daughters, Margaret Shepherd and Virginia Florine. The parents are of the Episcopal faith, holding membership in All Saints Cathedral, and Mr. Ripley belongs also to the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained high rank, being a Consistory Mason and Mystic Shriner, as well as Knight Templar. He has served as an officer in various branches of the order and has also assisted in conferring the work. He likewise belongs to the Knights of Pythias lodge, the Young Men's Christian Association, Business Men's Association, the Inland Club — connections which indicate much of the nature of his interests and the rules which govern his life. He is an active member of the Republican Pro gressive League and has represented his city and county in conventions. He also served as a member of the county central committee during the election of 1911, took an active interest therein and was one of the first to support Senator Poin- dexter. He is a man of resourceful ability, determined and energetic, and what he undertakes in any direction he accomplishes. He stands for that which is high est and most serviceable in the activities which go to make up human existence and which are features of general progress and improvement and in his chosen pro fession, wherein advancement is only secured through individual merit, he has worked his way steadily upward. ARTHUR D. JONES. Arthur D. Jones is the president of Arthur D. Jones & Company, the oldest as well as the largest real-estate firm in Spokane. He has been at the head of this institution continuously since 1887 and has built it up from one desk to one of the strong institutions of the city, occupying half of the ground floor space of the Arthur D. Jones building with an office entirely finished and furnished in im ported mahogany. ARTHUR D. JONES SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 277 Mr. Jones was born in Michigan, September 25, 1859, and was educated in the common schools and at the State College at Iowa City, Iowa. After a short experience as a school teacher and solicitor for a magazine, he took a position with the advertising department of the Chicago Morning News, where he re mained for five years until failing health brought him to Spokane. Since 1887 he has been closely identified with the development of the city and country both in conjunction with general public enterprises and through his own initiative. Conspicuous among the records of his work in Spokane are the development of Hillyard, Richland Park, The Hill, Cannon Hill Park and a number of other additions in Spokane as well as suburban properties. His com pany is local agent for the United States Mortgage & Trust Company and The Mortgage Bond Company, of New York, and also loaning agents for two of the great New York life insurance companies. The business includes real-estate, rental, loan and bond departments, banks, etc. He is manager of numerous land companies in which he is financially interested and is a stock holder in four Spokane banks and in other enterprises. Mr. Jones was married December 25, 1887, to Miss Ada M. Stinson, and has two sons and one daughter. In politics he is a liberal republican, and, although he has been keenly interested in political affairs, the only office he ever held or tried for was that of city councilman for a three-year term. Mr. Jones literally grew up with Spokane. When he started in business in this city, his capital consisted of very little money, and the city contained only a few thousand people. For over a quarter of a century he has watched the city grow and assisted in its growing, and his own fortunes have prospered with it. JOHN AYLARD FINCH. John Aylard Finch is the senior partner of the firm of Finch & Campbell, who have done more to develop the mining industry of the Inland Empire than any other firm in this district. He was born in Cambridgeshire, England, May 12, 1854, a son of William and Sophia (Aylard) Finch, who came to the United States about 1862 and for many years were residents of Cleveland, Ohio. A brother of our sub ject, W. E. Finch, is also a resident of Spokane. In the parish school of Soham, Cambridgeshire, England, John A. Finch began his education but was only eight years of age when the family came to the United States and his studies were con tinued in the public schools of Cleveland, Ohio. When his text-books were put aside he became connected with iron and steel manufacturing in Cleveland and after ward continued in the same line of business at Youngstown, Ohio. Subsequently he went to Montreal with an importing firm engaged in the importation of iron from England. He was next located in Chicago as manufacturers' agent, still continuing in the iron trade. In the spring of 1881 he determined to go to the west to enjoy what he believed would be better business opportunities than could be secured in the older and more conservative east. Accordingly he proceeded to Denver and afterward to Leadville, Colorado, where he remained for a year in mining. On the expiration of that time he returned to the iron business in Ohio but in the sum- 278 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE mer of 1887 came to Spokane and began to acquire mining property in the Coeur d'Alene region of northern Idaho in connection with A. B. Campbell. As associates in mining enterprises Finch & Campbell purchased the Gem mine in the Coeur d'Alene district and then organized the Milwaukee Mining Company in connection with capitalist friends of Milwaukee and Youngstown, Ohio, Mr. Campbell becoming president and Mr. Finch secretary and treasurer of this com pany^. They operated the mine most successfully for more than twelve years and in 1891 began the development of the Standard mine, which they opened and equipped. Later they opened the Hecla mine, both of which have paid several millions in dividends and are still being operated and are paying handsome divi dends. Mr. Finch became secretary and treasurer of both, with Mr. Campbell as president. In 1893 they extended their operations into British Columbia, going to the Slocan district, where they opened and developed the Enterprise and Standard mines, which are now leading properties of that locality. In fact Finch & Camp bell are among" the leaders in mining and developing in the whole Inland Empire. They recognized the fact that nature was lavish in her gifts in regard to the min eral resources of the country and notable sagacity and sound judgment have en abled them to so place their investments that splendid returns have generally ac crued from their development of mining property. They have seldom been identi fied with mining interests that have not proven profitable. Their activities have been not only a source of gratifying individual success but have also constituted one of the most potent forces in the development of the mining industry and conse quent prosperity of the entire district. For many years Mr. Finch has also been leading factor in financing and controlling other important business enterprises. He is the president of the White & Bender Company and of the Coeur d'Alene Hardware Company, both of Wallace, Idaho ; president of the Blalock Fruit Com pany of Walla Walla; and president of the National Lumber & Box Company of Hoquiam, Washington, with Mr. Campbell as vice president of these companies. The last named enterprise was established in 1901 and is today one of the largest of its kind in the northwest. Mr. Finch is a trustee of the Union Trust Company and also an officer and director of many other companies, the long list including many of the most important business interests of the Inland Empire. On the 3d of September, 1896, in Chicago, Mr. Finch was united in marriage to Miss Charlotte R. Swingler, a daughter of M. M. and Fannie Swingler, of Spo kane, who came to this city in 1884. Mr. Finch is a director of the Country Club but does not belong to any fraternal orders. He was the first president of the club and has maintained deep interest in the organization. He has likewise been a member of the Spokane Club since 1894 and is a life member of the Spokane Ama teur Athletic Club. He belongs to the Episcopal church, is one of the trustees of St. Luke's Hospital and has given liberally toward charitable and benevolent work. He donated the site for the present hospital and also the land for the Children's Home on Northwest boulevard. Politically he has always been a republican and served as a member of the state senate in the first general assembly of Idaho in 1891. Four years later he came to Spokane, where he has since made his home and during the period of his residence here he has not been active in politics. In 1897 he erected his present palatial home, which is one of the finest in the northwest. While he has come to rank with the millionaires of this section of the country, his path has never been strewn by the wreck of other men's fortunes and the secret of SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 279 his success is found in his keen discrimination, his close application and his ex ecutive force. His business activity has constituted an important element in gen eral development and prosperity and his own success has enabled him to often ex tend a helping hand to those less fortunate and to do effective and important work for the alleviation of those upon whom fate has entailed suffering or hardships. SEABURY MERRITT. Seabury Merritt, who in the practice of his profession has come to be regarded largely as an authority on land law in the northwest because of his wide study along those lines and the important litigated interests of this character which he has conducted, was born in Frankfort, Indiana, August 23, 1866. He is one of a fam ily of three sons and two daughters and his parents were Samuel and Elizabeth (Gaskill) Merritt, natives respectively of Ohio and Indiana. The father came of English ancestry although the family was planted on American soil prior to the Revolutionary war. The father throughout much of his life engaged in merchandis ing and in the grain business, and in the year 1860 he was elected sheriff of Clinton county, Indiana, receiving more votes than were given Lincoln. He served as a trustee of the schools for sixteen consecutive years while his incumbency in the sheriff's office covered the period of the Civil war. He married Elizabeth Gaskill, who was likewise of English lineage and belonged to one of the old American fam ilies antedating the war for independence. She died in 1896, just nineteen days before the death of her husband. Of their sons John W. is now associated with his brpther Seabury in the practice of law in Spokane, and William A. is a book keeper of this city. The two sisters are: Emma, now the wife of John J. Blair, chief dispatcher of the Northern Pacific Railroad at Spokane; and Jennie M., who is living with her brother. In the common schools of Indiana, Seabury Merritt pursued his early education while spending his boyhood days upon his father's farm. He early became familiar with the work of plowing, planting and harvesting and continued to assist in the cultivation of the old homestead until 1888, when he embarked in the hardware and implement business in which he continued for three and a half years. In the latter part of 1891 he began reading law and while thus engaged at Frankfort, Indiana, also conducted an insurance and abstract business. He was admitted to practice in 1895 and followed his profession alone in his native state until 1900, when the oppor tunities of the west attracted him and he came to Spokane, where he became the successor to Judge Wallace Mount, in the firm of Mount & Merritt, the judge being elected to the supreme bench. Until 1906 that firm remained as Merritt & Merritt but in that year Hugo E. Oswald was admitted to a partnership under the firm style of Merritt, Oswald & Merritt. They conducted a general law practice, specializing, however, largely in land and titles. They represented the Oregon Mortgage Com pany and other mortgage companies and have been attorneys for many corporations including Ham, Yearsley & Ryrie ; the Big Bend Land Company ; the Oregon Mort gage Company; the Pacific Northwest Investment Society; the E. H. Stanton Com pany; and the Mohler Union Warehouse Company. Mr. Merritt is recognized as having comprehensive knowledge of land law on account of the vast number of titles 280 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE he has been called upon to examine. Like almost all who come to the northwest, he is interested in its development and is the owner of an irrigated orchard of forty- five acres, all in apples, on the Columbia river, twenty-eight miles above Wenatchee and known as the Hossier Apple Ranch. In addition to this, Mr. Merritt owns Spokane property and his holdings outside of the city include timber land in British Columbia and in different sections of the western part of the state. He is like wise interested in mining operations in Idaho and is thus contributing to the ma terial development and progress of the Inland Empire. However, the practice of law is his real life work and the firm of which he is a member has a more extensive practice in the eastern part of the state than any other firm of attorneys here, their legal business extending to Lincoln, Adams and Douglas counties. Mr. Merritt is well known in Masonic circles as a member of the commandery and Mystic Shrine, and has served as senior warden in the blue lodge. He be longs also to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, Lodge No. 228, has filled all of the chairs in the local lodge of Knights of Pythias, has been past chancellor for several years and has represented Spokane Lodge in the grand lodge. He is like wise connected with the Fraternal Order of Eagles and is a valued member of the Spokane Club, the Inland Club and the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Merritt is a republican and was an active member of the central committees of city, county and state when in Indiana and a delegate to city, county and state conventions both in Indiana and Washington. In his native state he did considerable campaign work and since coming to the west has been a candidate for congress in the third Washington district in 1910, in the primary, but insurgency caused the republican defeat. He stands always as a fearless defender of the principles or cause in which he believes and his position upon political questions has therefore never been an equivocal one. During the twelve years of his residence in Spokane he has become widely known and the power which he has displayed in his law practice places him in a foremost position among the members of the Spokane bar. FRANK ROSE, M. D. Dr. Frank Rose, physician and surgeon, of Spokane, was born in Ontario, Can ada, October 25, 1869. His father, Lawrence Rose, a native of Oxfordshire, Eng land, became a pioneer resident of western Ontario where he engaged in the milling business, becoming the owner of a flour mill there. His death occurred in 1885. Representatives of the family to which he belonged have lived at Deddington, England, for the last five hundred years and for several centuries have been con nected with the milling business there. The mother of Dr. Rose bore the maiden name of Hannah Phin and was born at the old family homestead in Ontario, Canada, which is called Kennaquhair. It was in the Guelph Collegiate Institute that Dr. Rose pursued his more specifically literary education, after which he entered the University of Minnesota to pursue a medical course and was graduated M. D. in 1901. Broad practical experience came to him in one year's service in Asbury Hospital and he after ward received clinical instruction in Chicago and New York for a period of three months. He next came to Spokane where he has since followed his profession, SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 281 and the liberal practice accorded him is the best evidence of his capability and the consensus of public opinion concerning his equipment for and devotion to his chosen life work. He is a member* of the County Medical Society, of which he has served as vice president and treasurer, and he belongs also to the State Med ical Society, in which he is a member of the judicial counsel. Dr. Rose has filled the office of city bacteriologist and is now a member of the play ground commission. Perhaps his most important public service in the nature of his profession has been in connection with the development of the water supply. When the city decided to change its water system from the river to wells in the Spokane valley, Dr. Rose and the board of health, with Mayor Moore, went on a trip of inspection to ascertain the source and volume of the water supply and the quality of the water in the Spokane valley. After a very careful investigation both as to the quantity and quality, Mayor Moore and Dr. Rose decided to sink wells near the waterworks and thus supply the city. It has been found through subsequent experience that they were not only wise but correct in their decision for the supply and quality of the water have far surpassed all their expectations based on that investigation. The bacteriological examinations, made twice each month for several years, have confirmed the earlier examination as to the purity, and Spokane can well boast of having the finest and purest water of any city in the world. The supply has never failed and as high as forty million gallons have been pumped at one time without any appreciable diminution of the water in the wells. The water is presumed to come from the entire watershed of the Spokane valley and is filtered through sand and gravel, reaching the consumers in perfect purity. It is unique in that this is the only great water supply of that character in the world, although Long Island has somewhat the same character but not to the same extent. Dr. Rose modestly gives Mayor Moore and the board of health the credit for securing and developing the water supply and system, but he should share with the mayor and the board of health the credit and honor. On the 16th of September, 1899, Dr. Rose was married to Mrs. Annie Win chester. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, having taken the degrees of the lodge, the consistory and the Mystic Shrine. His political allegiance has always been given the republican party and his religious faith is that of the Episcopal church, his membership having been in All Saints' cathedral for seven years dur ing which period he has also held the office of vestryman. His life work has in deed been of benefit and value to his fellowmen and all of his professional duties are discharged with a conscientious sense of obligation. B. M. FRANCIS. B. M. Francis, whose real-estate operations not only cover Spokane but also various other districts of the northwest, was born December 25, 1865, in Pontiac, Michigan, a son of John and Mary Rose Francis, natives of Pontiac and Eng land respectively. The latter is a resident of Frankfort, Michigan, but the father died in 1886. He was a representative of an old New England family of English descent and was a leading and influential resident of his home town where he served as alderman and in other local offices. His family numbered two sons and 282 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE three daughters; B. M., of this review; L. R., engaged in the automobile business in Detroit, Michigan; Miss Ethel M. Francis, residing in Spokane; Lulu M., who married Clark Long, of Havillah, Washington; and Edna, the wife of Eph Slade, of Michigan. In the schools of Saginaw, Michigan, B. M. Francis pursued his education and for a short period was a student in the Chicago College. He entered business circles in connection with the jewelry trade when but a boy, and when he had mastered the trade in Michigan he went to Chicago where he was employed for two years. He afterward removed to Elmira, New York, and later to Philadel phia where he taught engraving in the Horological Institute for four years. On the expiration of that period he made his way westward to Butte, Montana, in 1892, and spent four years in that place as an employe in a jewelry store. In 1896, at Missoula, Montana, he became proprietor of a jewelry store, continuing at that point for five years. At that time he engaged in the real-estate business and his activities along that line increased more and more while during the last eight or nine years he gave a great deal of his attention to mining. In Missoula he formed a partnership with W. J. Rhodes under the firm name of Francis & Rhodes for the conduct of a real-estate business and in 1907 opened an office in Spokane which he maintained for some time. While in Butte he became associated with three others and leased the Homestake mine which he successfully operated for a year and a half. His real-estate interests are now in Bozeman, Missoula and Spokane, in all of which places he has platted additions. In Spokane Mr. Francis has platted Spokane Terrace and Spokane Park, doing this work under partnership connections. In Missoula he platted a subdivision of Homevale, Glenwood Park and East Missoula, and in Bozeman he purchased the old Butte addition to the town. Since the dissolution of the partnership he has independently platted Em pire Heights, which he sold to Mr. Van Velsor, and Castle Hill, which he now owns. Mr. Francis has obtained some substantial returns from his mining as well as his real-estate interests and has contributed as well to the general progress and development of communities in which he has operated. On the 4th of May, 1891, in Philadelphia, Mr. Francis was married to Miss Maggie R. Bishop, a daughter of George Bishop, a shoe manufacturer, and they have one son, Delbert M., who is now attending high school. Mr. Francis is num bered among that class of energetic men whose advancement is attributable en tirely to earnest and persistent labor. He started out with no special advantages but proved his worth in the business world and gradually progressed until he be came a merchant of Missoula. As he prospered he extended his investments in real estate and mining property and his work has been a valuable force in the general growth and development of the northwest. ROBERT H. COSGROVE. Various projects have contributed toward the promotion of a knowledge of the Spokane country, its resources, its advantages and its possibilities, but none have been more effective in this connection than the Interstate Fair, of which Robert H. Cosgrove is secretary. It has been a stimulating influence in fruit- raising and stock-raising, giving impetus to the efforts of those who are thus en- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 283 gaged in holding before them the highest standards and also in bringing a notice of the work accomplished to the country in general. Mr. Cosgrove is a native of Minnesota, born July 11, 1876. His parents were C. N. and Elizabeth (Bradley) Cosgrove, the former born in the state of New York and the latter in Wisconsin. The father has at different times held public office in the various communities where he has resided. He served as mayor of Le Sueur, Minnesota, and for twenty-five years was connected with the Minnesota State Fair, occupying all positions from manager to president. He is of Irish descent and his wife is of English lineage, although her ancestors came to Amer ica during the early period of colonization and were represented in the Revolu tionary war. Robert H. Cosgrove is a brother of Edward B. Cosgrove, who is now in business in Kansas City, Missouri. His sisters are : Cora, who is the wife of George W. Strand, a nurseryman of Taylors Falls, Minnesota; and Ethel C, who is living in Porto Rico and is engaged in teaching school. Robert H. Cosgrove attended the high school of Le Sueur, Minnesota, and the University of Minnesota, in the class of 1898. He then turned his attention to the hardware business in Le Sueur and afterward became connected with ranch interests at Mandan, North Dakota. During the same period he was connected with the Minnesota State Fair and in 1904 came to Spokane to take charge as secretary-manager of the Spokane Interstate Fair, with which he has since been connected. His labors here have been more than gratifying, producing results beyond the expectations of those who sought his cooperation. One of the first exhibits of this kind in Spokane was held on East Sprague street in 1890 but the building burned and nothing more was done until 1894, when Herbert Bolster, now deceased, and John L. Smith, the president of the Spokane Interstate Fair, organized what was known as The Spokane Fruit Fair. This was held at River side and Washington streets, on the present site of the Fogelquist clothing store, from the 24th to the 27th of October, 1894, with Judge J. W. Binckley as presi dent. The succeeding year Mr. Bolster had charge of the fair, which convened September 30th and ended on the 5th of October. The dates chosen in 1896 were from October 6th to 17th, with F. W. Smith as secretary and manager, and again in 1897 it continued for two weeks, beginning October 5th, in the old Auditorium grounds, with Mr. Bolster as secretary and John A. Finch as president. Again the fair was held at the Auditorium grounds in 1898, from the 4th to the 15th of October, with the same officers, and in 1899 Dr. E. D. Olmsted served as president, with Mr. Bolster as secretary, and the dates were from October 3d to 17th. From October 2d to October 16th, 1900, with W. E. Hawley as manager, the fair was again held at the Auditorium grounds, but the equipment there was so expensive that those interested incorporated the Interstate Fair for twenty-five thousand dollars and, borrowing ten thousand dollars more, purchased fifty-one acres of land east of the town and thereon held the eighth annual exhibit in September, 1901, with H. W. Peel as president and Herbert Bolster as secretary-manager. From the 6th to the 14th of October, 1902, the fair was again a feature of Spo kane's activities, with Mr. Peel as president and George H. Martin as secretary- manager. The former continued as president with H. G. Stimmel, now deceased, as secretary and manager in 1903, and the fair was held from the 5th to the 13th of October. In 1904 it was opened on the 3d and continued to the 9th of October, with Mr. Peel as president and R. H. Cosgrove as secretary-manager. The same 284 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE officers continued through 1905 and 1906, the fair being held in the former year from the 9th to the 15th of October and in the latter from the 24th of September, to the 6th of October. George T. Crane had succeeded to the presidency, with Mr. Cosgrove still as manager, when the fair was held from the 23d of Septem ber, to the 5th of October, 1907. It was opened on the 5th of October, 1908, and lasted for five days, with the same officers as in the previous year, and they con tinued also through 1909, the fair being held from the 20th to the 25th of Septem ber. Mr. Crane was succeeded by John L. Smith, with Mr. Cosgrove as secretary, and the fair extended from the 3d to the 9th of October, 1910. It lasted for six days in 1911, beginning on the 2d of October, with the same officers. The fair was established with the idea of encouraging agricultural and horticultural pur suits and has grown to remarkable proportions, the average attendance during the first year of Mr. Cosgrove's residence here being forty-six hundred per day, while in 1910 the average attendance was eighteen thousand six hundred. The total number of entries for prizes in 1904 was one thousand five hundred and eighty-one and in 1910 six thousand eight hundred and nineteen. This is now the largest fair of the kind west of St. Paul and has been a stimulus to fruit-raising and stock-raising interests in the northwest. Mr. Cosgrove is well known in fraternal, social and club connections. He has taken the degrees of the York and Scottish Rites in Masonry, belonging to the commandery and the consistory, and is a member of the Mystic Shrine. He was also senior warden of the blue lodge while in the east. His college fraternity is the Phi Gamma Delta and he is a member of the Spokane Club, the Spokane Country Club, the Spokane Athletic Club, the Inland Club and the Rotary Club. Mr. Cosgrove was married November 27, 1911, to Miss Leora K. Gentry, of Spokane. MARCUS D. WRIGHT. Occupying a place in the foremost ranks of those who have made a fortune in the development and exploitation of the timber lands of the west is Marcus D. Wright, who resides at Hayden Lake, Kootenai county, Idaho. A native of the Mis sissippi valley, he came west in 1871, at the age of twenty years, his birth having occurred in Bowling Green, Kentucky, April 16, 1851. His parents were John W. and Mary (Gibson) Wright, the former a prominent Baptist minister of Kentucky. Marcus D. Wright obtained his education in the common schools of Kentucky and at the age of sixteen years entered business life as a salesman for a pump con cern in St. Joseph, Missouri. He was employed in this capacity for four years when he gave up his position and went west, locating in Montana. There he conducted a freighting business in summer and drove a stage during the winter for the follow ing six years. In 1877 he accompanied General Sherman on his tour of inspection of all the frontier posts, covering the territory extending from Montana over the old Mullen road to Walla Walla, Washington. Subsequently he resided in Colfax, Whitman county, Washington, where he drove a stage until 1878. In that year he came to Spokane and engaged in the livery business, buying out the stable owned by James N. Glover. In 1881 he gave up this enterprise and went to Idaho to look over the prospects for an investment in real estate. Finding a suitable tract of land, he purchased a half-interest in forty acres from C. W. Wood and on that site laid M. D. WRIGHT SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 287 out the town of Westwood, now known as Rathdrum. In conjunction with George B. Wannacott he called a meeting of the residents of this locality and organized Kootenai county. He was appointed the first assessor and tax collector, as well as deputy sheriff, serving in these positions until the first general elections of the county. In October, 1882, during the great mining excitement in this section of the country, Mr. Wright took the first pack train into Pritchard Creek, Eagle City, Idaho. Two years later he engaged in business at Rathdrum, Idaho, conducting a general mer cantile establishment and also contracting to railroads for the sale of timber and ties. The latter branch of his business increased so rapidly that he discontinued his gen eral mercantile establishment and has since that time concentrated his entire atten tion upon the lumber business, furnishing lumber supplies mainly to the Northern Pacific Railroad. Within the last twenty-three years he has supplied approximately twenty million ties which, at a rough estimate, would be sufficient, if laid end to end, to circle the globe. He was also financially interested in the First National Bank of Coeur d'Alene, of which he was president for several years, resigning in 1910 in or der to devote his undivided attention to his lumber interests. On March 18, 1881, Mr. Wright was united in marriage to Miss Bertie Piper, a daughter of Dr. John J. Piper, of Peone Prairie, Washington, who was for twelve years one of the county commissioners of Spokane county, Washington. Mrs. Wright passed away in 1901, being survived by her husband and seven children, two sons and five daughters. In 1903 Mr. Wright was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Marie Bennett, a stepdaughter of A. M. Cannon, of Spokane, Washington. Fra ternally Mr. Wright is connected with the Elks Lodge, No. 228, of Spokane; the Knights of Pythias of Coeur d'Alene, and the Odd Fellows of Coeur d'Alene. The Wright home is known as one of the handsome residences of this locality, being situated at Hayden Lake, on one of the finest farms in the state of Idaho, a tract of land comprising about six hundred acres. It contains a fish preserve covering an area equivalent to one hundred and sixty acres, which is filled with black bass and trout, and affords some of the finest opportunities for fishing in the state. Never losing sight of the goal which lay before him, Mr. Wright has been stead fast in the pursuit of his ideals and by dint of close application and unceasing effort has won his reward in the generous measure of success which has been his. JOHN M. DUNN. John M. Dunn is one of the foremost representatives of the real-estate inter ests in Spokane. He was born on the 9th of June, 1865, at Columbia, New Hamp shire, a son of Thomas and Jemima (Temple) Dunn. The father was a promi nent agriculturist of New Hampshire and also took an active part in the political activities of his native state. He always gave his support to the republican party and served as a representative in the New Hampshire state legislature from Coos county for two years. The mother's death occurred when her son John was but eleven years of age. To their union two daughters and five sons were born, all of whom remained in the east with the exception of the subject of this review. John M. Dunn pursued his education in the public schools of his native town and subsequently was engaged in agricultural pursuits before taking up railroad- voi. in— 15 288 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE ing. Having heard of the opportunities the west offered to the energetic and deter- ¦ mined, he decided to leave his native state and locate permanently in the north west. By hard work he had accumulated forty-three dollars. With this money as his capital he set out for St. Paul, Minnesota, from which city he worked his way to Havre, Montana, arriving there about the time that the Great Northern Rail road had been extended to that city, which consisted of two tents. As there did not seem to be much prospect for work there he continued his journey to Great Falls, Montana, where he arrived on the 13th of November, 1888. He re mained in that city for eight years, being employed throughout the greater part of his residence there in the wholesale grocery business. Subsequently he re moved to Butte and engaged in mining, later becoming foreman and superintend ing the erection of the three largest sheet iron smoke stacks that have ever been put up in the west. Thrift and energy were among the salient characteristics of his nature and were fast winning him financial success. By saving his money he was able to return to Helena and engage in the retail meat-market business. Shortly afterward he opened another store in Great Falls. Both of these enterprises netted him considerable money before he disposed of them and came to Spokane in 1901. Immediately upon his arrival in this city he engaged in the real-estate business under the firm name of Dickson & Dunn, Mr. Dunn serving as president. They were very successful in their various ventures and opened the Dickson & Dunn orchard tracts, four miles north of Hillyard. This property consisted of two hundred and forty acres. They also dealt extensively in local real estate. In 1910 Mr. Dunn sold his interest to Mr. Dickson and has since devoted his entire time and attention to the management of his private real-estate holdings, which consist mostly of homes and similar income properties. What he has accomplished shows his business ability and power and, arguing from the past, his friends predict for him a still more successful future. Mr. Dunn was married, at Great Falls, Montana, on the 14th of February, 1897, to Miss Lena B. Elliott, a daughter of George and Barbara Elliott, of Fargo, North Dakota. They reside at No. 333 Euclid avenue. Mr. Dunn holds mem bership in the Methodist church and fraternally is a member of Spokane Lodge, No. 228, B. P. O. E.; Red Cross Lodge, K. P., in which order he has passed through all the chairs and has twice been representative to the grand lodge; the Dramatic Order of the Knights of Khorassan; Tyrian Lodge, No. 96, F. & A. M.; the Modern Woodmen of American; and Spokane Aerie, No. 2, F. O. E. WILLIAM A. HALTEMAN. William A. Halteman, of Spokane, who is now filling the office of United States marshal for the eastern district of Washington, was born in Dayton, Ohio, June 27, 1860, and came to this state in 1890. He first located at Port Townsend, where he became interested in real estate and also owned a third interest in the Townsend Leader, which at that time was an eight page daily. While at Port Townsend he was elected to the state legislature in 1895 and two years later removed to Spokane, and became interested in mining. In 1904 he went to Ferry county and had direct supervision of the Meteor mine for four years. While there he was again called to SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 289 public office, being elected to the legislature from Ferry county in 1907, and the following year was selected as executive commissioner of the state of Washington at the Alaska- Yukon-Pacific Exposition. Mr. Halteman was married on the 29th of February, 1892, to Miss Elizabeth Frazier, of Peoria, Illinois, and both hold membership in the Baptist church. JOHN HUSTON CLARKE. John Huston Clarke, senior partner of the firm of Clarke & Eaton, well known hardware dealers in Whitman county, has been prominently identified with the com mercial activities of Lacrosse for the past six years. His birth occurred in Knox county, Illinois, on the 5th of February, 1868, his parents being William Y. and Mary (McCormick) Clarke, both natives of Ireland. The son of a farmer, John Huston Clarke was reared in the country, acquiring his early education in the district schools. After leaving school he assisted his father in the operation of the farm until he had attained his majority, but as agri cultural pursuits were not altogether to his liking he entered the State Normal School at Peru, Nebraska^ He was graduated from this institution with the class of 1894, and for three years thereafter engaged in teaching in that state. In 1897 he came to Elberton, this county, where he taught until 1900, when he decided to withdraw from this profession and identify himself with commercial activities. He became associated with Hugh Eaton and they established a hardware store in El berton, which they conducted under the firm name of Clarke & Eaton. This enter prise flourished in a most gratifying manner from its inception, and five years later they extended the scope of their activities by founding a store in Lacrosse. As it proved to be as lucrative as their first establishment, in 1908 they opened another branch at Endicott. Since then they have sold the store in Elberton and now con centrate their efforts upon the operation of the two last, established. They are both enterprising and industrious men, of practical ideas and progressive. methods and are numbered among the prosperous and representative business men of the county. Owing to their capable and intelligent direction of their interests they have succeeded in building up an excellent patronage, that is constantly increasing, their business showing a marked growth from year to year. They carry a full and well selected stock of shelf and heavy hardware as well as farming implements in their stores, that they offer at reasonable prices, the quality of their goods being fully commen surate with what is asked. Gracious and courteous in their treatment of patrons they strive to accommodate and please all, believing that a well satisfied customer is the best medium of advertising. At Spokane, Washington, in 1906, Mr. Clarke was united in marriage to Miss Blanche B. Howell, a native of the state of Illinois, and a daughter of Charles H. and Mary (Holland) Howell, who were born and reared in West Virginia. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Clarke, Mary Caroline and John Howell. Mr. Clarke is affiliated with Lacrosse Lodge, No. 155, A. F. & A. M., in which he has held all of the chairs ; and Colfax Chapter, No. 84, R. A. M. He is also a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and has held all of the offices in the local camp. He votes the republican ticket, but has never aspired to public honors 290 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE or the emoluments of office, having preferred to give his undivided attention to his business. Mr. Clarke's commercial career in Whitman county has been character ized by the foresight and sagacity that invariably lead to the goal of success, when concentrated upon a definite purpose. In his transactions he has always been found absolutely honorable, his integrity being above question, and he is held in high es teem by all who have had dealings with him. HARRY GREY DE PLEDGE. Harry Grey De Pledge, who has been cashier of the First Trust & Savings Bank ever since its organization six years ago, was born in England on the 16th of Feb ruary, 1860, and is a son of Jonathan and Emily (Grey) De Pledge. Reared in his native land, when old enough to choose a vocation Harry G. De Pledge decided to follow the sea, so upon leaving school he went on a naval cadet training ship to qualify for the merchant marine. He went to sea in 1875, serving as midshipman for four years. At the expiration of that period, in 1879, he passed his examination for second mate, but the following year he j oined a colony that was coming to the United States. They located in Iowa, but Mr. De Pledge only re mained with them for about a year, removing to San Francisco in 1881. Upon his arrival in the latter city he entered the service of one of the steamship companies and sailed on the Pacific until 1882, when he returned to Iowa and worked for Close Brothers, land agents. In 1883 he again came west, locating in Portland, where for a time he was employed in railroad surveying. Later he was appointed deputy county surveyor of Multnomah county, Oregon, and was the first to claim the right to the waters of the Bull Run which now supply Portland. Two years thereafter, in 1885, he joined a party of engineers who were surveying for the railroad through Colfax, and upon his arrival here Mr. De Pledge decided to locate. He obtained a position with Knapp, Burrell & Company as manager of the first grain house here. He retained this position until 1887, and then removed to Pullman and engaged in the grain business. The venture proved to be successful, but at the end of a year he undertook to construct and manage two warehouses at that point for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company. In 1889, Mr. De Pledge returned to Colfax and en tered the bank of Perkins & Mills. The following year he became cashier of the Bank of Pullman, continuing in this capacity after the reorganization of this in stitution in 1891 into the First National Bank of Pullman. He remained thereun til 1894, when he resigned and became associated with O. E. Young in the grain business at Pullman, under the firm name of De Pledge & Young. In 1898, Mr. De Pledge was appointed deputy treasurer of Whitman county, and returned to Colfax, where a year later he became assistant cashier of the First National Bank. Upon the organization of the First Trust & Savings Bank in 1905, he was made cashier and has ever since been retained in this capacity. He is also a stockholder and a member of the board of directors of this institution and is a stockholder of the Western Union Life Insurance Company, and is likewise financially interested in a fire insurance company. Portland, Oregon, was the scene of Mr. De Pledge's marriage in 1890 to Miss Jane S. Crockett. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. De Pledge, Ruth Grey, Cedric Grey, Cuthbert Crockett and Desmond Gerald. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 291 The parents are members of the Episcopal church, and fraternally Mr. De Pledge is affiliated with the Masonic order, being treasurer of the blue lodge and past high priest of the chapter, and he also belongs to the Knights of Pythias. In his .political views he is a stanch republican and is now and has been for several terms city treasurer, and he is also clerk of the school board, and for many years was a school director. He takes much interest in the development of Colfax. LAURENCE RANKIN HAMBLEN. Laurence Rankin Hamblen is a member of the firm of Hamblen & Gilbert, attorneys at law, engaged in general practice although specializing to some ex tent in corporation law, in which connection they have a large and representative clientele. Mr. Hamblen was born at Rondout, New York, May 15, 1874, his parents being Charles E. and Charlotte (Pinkham) Hamblen. The mother's peo ple were among the earliest settlers of Nantucket, Massachusetts, and it was there her birth occurred. The father, also a native of the Old Bay state, was descended from English ancestors who settled in America about 1650. The family was rep resented in the Revolutionary war and Charles E. Hamblen was numbered among the defenders of the Union cause in the Civil war as a member of Company H, Thirty-eighth Massachusetts Infantry. He participated in a number of important engagements including the battle of Cedar Creek. During the latter part of his life he was engaged in the real-estate business in Spokane, where his death occurred in 1889. His wife survived until 1904 and the living sons and daughters of the family are : Laurence R. ; Robert N., who is engaged in the practice of medicine in Spokane; Elizabeth, who is the wife of William Shaw and resides in Spokane; and Mabel R., also living in this city. In the public schools of Minneapolis Laurence R. Hamblen pursued his early education and afterward entered the Methodist College of Spokane; which he at tended until 1892. He had come to this city with his parents in 1887. After leaving the Methodist College he was employed here for two years and then entered the University of Michigan, from which he was graduated in 1896 with the LL. B. degree, having pursued the full law course whereby he was qualified for active work at the bar. He entered upon the practice of law in Spokane in the fall of 1896 as a member of the firm of Hamblen & Lund. Later changes in the part nership have led to the adoption of the firm name of Hamblen, Lund & Gilbert and afterward to Hamblen & Gilbert. They have a large and satisfactory general practice and have also been attorneys for the North Coast Railroad for the past two years and are now division attorneys for the Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Company. On the 10th of September, 1904, was celebrated the marriage of Laurence R. Hamblen and Miss Frances Gilbert, a daughter of F. W. Gilbert, now deceased, % who was the general superintendent of the Northern Pacific Railway Company at St. Paul. The three children of this marriage are Charlotte, Herbert M. and Mary G. Mr. Hamblen has spent the major part of his life in Spokane and is widely and favorably known to the majority of its citizens. He has watched with interest the progress of events which have marked the development and growth 292 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE of the city and in various ways has contributed to the work of general improve ment and upbuilding. While in college he became a member of the Delta Chi and is now a member of the Spokane Club. He is in thorough sympathy with the work of the Chamber of Commerce, in which he holds membership, and through political channels he has done much active and valuable public service. He votes with the republican party and has attended city, county and state conventions, being known as a delegate to the conventions at Spokane and Tacoma. He has also acted as a member of the city, county and central committees and believes that party organization should be made the means of procuring good government and a righteous administration of the laws. In 1907 he was appointed to the position of corporation counsel for a term of two years. These were stirring times in the history of the city when excitement was often intense, for at that time Spokane entered upon its great work of reform, cleaning out the cribs, closing the saloons on Sunday and turning a watchful eye on all gambling. Mr. Hamblen as corporation counsel was closely associated with this work and then, as at all times, his influence was strongly on the side of law and order, reform and progress. CHARLES WILLIAM HESS. Charles William Hess, who has been identified with the business interests of Colfax for the past eight years, was born in Fulton, Illinois, on the 17th of October, 1863, and is a son of John G. and Catherine (Murphy) Hess, the father a native of Germany and the mother of Ireland. During the childhood of Charles William Hess his parents removed to Janes- ville, Wisconsin, in the public schools of which city he began his education. Later they returned to Illinois, settling in Joliet, where he continued his studies, until their next removal to Grand Island, Nebraska. When he was sixteen years of age, he left school and went to work as a member of a railroad construction gang at Emporia, Kansas, and from there on was self-supporting. As he was energetic and performed such tasks as were assigned him with more than average intelligence and efficiency, his worth was readily recognized and he was promoted at various times, continuing in the service in the west and south until 1898. In the latter year he was offered a position as division roadmaster on the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, at Colfax, which he readily accepted. He remained in the employment of this company until 1904, when he came to the conclusion to give up his position as a dependent and to go into business on his own account and to that end purchased the cigar and tobacco store of C. A. Cary, of this city. In the conduct and develop ment of his own business he has manifested the same qualities that have character ized him as an employe and he is meeting with success in his business. He is pro gressive and enterprising in his methods, courteous and accommodating to his pat rons and keeps a class of goods that is fully commensurate with the prices, all of which facts have assisted him to build up a profitable trade. Plattsburg, Missouri, was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Hess on the 20th of January, 1892, to Miss Hallie N. Smith, a daughter of E. T. and Emma (Tillery) Smith, both natives of Kentucky, and they have become the parents of one son, Edwin A., who is a resident of Spokane. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 293 Fraternally, Mr. Hess is identified with the Masonic order, being a past senior deacon of Hiram Lodge, No. 21, A. F. & A. M. ; past high priest of Colfax Chapter, No. 8, R. A. M.; and past patron of Washington Chapter, No. 16, O. E. S. He is also a member of Colfax Lodge, No. 4, K. of P. The political views of Mr. Hess conform to the principles of the democratic party for which candidates he casts his ballot save at municipal elections, when he gives his support to such men as he deems best qualified to subserve the interests of the community irrespective of party lines. He is a man who is entitled to the full credit for his achievements, as he has been entirely dependent upon his own resources since he was a youth of sixteen years, and his advancement must be attributed to his personal efforts. ROBERT CRAMPTON McCROSKEY. Robert Crampton McCroskey, a well known retired agriculturist of Whitman county, who for many years has been actively identified with banking circles in both Pullman and Palouse, was born in Monroe county, Tennessee, on the 10th of March, 1845. He is a son of John and Priscilla (McCray) McCroskey, both natives of Ten nessee. The family originally settled in Virginia and there they were prominent in early colonial times. In the acquirement of his education, Robert Crampton McCroskey attended the common and private schools of his native state until he had attained the age of seven teen years. In 1862, he laid aside his text-books and enlisting in the Thirty-first Arkansas went to the front in defense of the Confederacy. He enlisted as a private, but although he was very young he early gave evidence of possessing the force and energy as well as executive ability entitling him to a more responsible position, and he was promoted until he became captain of his company. Owing to his seniority he was subsequently placed in command of the Fourth and Thirty-first regiments and the Fourth Battalion of Arkansas Volunteers, which he lead in the battles of Frank lin, Nashville and Bentonville and other minor engagements. Soon after his re turn home in 1865, he entered Croton College in Tennessee, from which he was graduated in 1868. The following autumn he engaged in teaching, continuing to follow this profession in his native state until 1870, when he removed to California, locating in Monterey county. There he resumed teaching, being actively identified with this vocation until 1874, when he was elected superintendent of schools in Monterey county. He served in this capacity for six years, at the expiration of which time he purchased one hundred and ten acres of land and turned his atten tion to ranching. His efforts in this direction prospered and he was later able to extend his holdings by the addition of another two hundred and fifty acres. In 1887, he disposed of his interests and came to Whitman county^, buying one hun dred and sixty acres of land at twenty dollars per acre in the vicinity of Garfield, where he makes his present home. He is a man of progressive ideas and intelli gence, who has most capably directed his undertakings and has been rewarded with corresponding success. Having unlimited confidence in the future of this state with the development of its rich natural resources, he invested heavily in real estate and is now the owner of over two thousand acres of valuable land, that is under high cultivation. In 1909, Mr. McCroskey withdrew from the active work 294 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE of the fields and turned the operation of his ranch over to his sons and has ever since been living retired. Although his principal interests have been along the lines of farming and real estate, he has been identified with various other local en terprises, and in 1890 was associated with others in the organization of the Gar field Hardware & Mercantile Company of which he was president for several years. The following year, in 1891, he assisted in the organization of the Bank of Garfield and was one of the directors of this institution until they were forced out of business by the panic. At the present time he is the president and a director of the Pullman State Bank and also the Palouse National Bank of Palouse. At Madisonville, Tennessee, in September, 1882, Mr. McCroskey was united in marriage to Miss Blanche Houston, a native of Tennessee and a daughter of Joseph E. and Eliza (Hair) Houston, likewise natives of that state, while in the paternal line she is descended from the same branch of the family as Sam Houston. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. McCroskey, as follows : Robert Cramp ton, Jr., who married' Miss Helen R. Wesco, of Portland; Joseph Houston, who married Miss Marion Flood, of Spokane; Gladys, who is a student at the Wash ington State College; and Blanche M. and Earl McCray, who are still attending school. Fraternally Mr. McCroskey is affiliated with the Masonic order and the Knights of Pythias, being past grand chancellor of the latter, and he also belongs to the Artisans. He has always been an enthusiastic champion of the different agricul tural organizations, and is president of the local branch of the Farmers' Union and is also officially connected with the county society. He is an active member of the Garfield Commercial Club, while his political support he gives to the dem ocratic party, and has always taken much interest in governmental affairs. In 1890 he was elected to the state senate, serving with efficiency in this capacity for three years, while he has been a member of the local school board and since 1897 one of the regents of the Washington State College. Mr. McCroskey is versatile and has the faculty of adapting himself to the needs and requirements of almost any position he could be called to, as has been manifested by his efficient service in official connections in both business and public life. NATHAN M. BAKER, M. D. Success always depends upon an intelligent understanding of one's own capacities and limitations and the fact that the latter may be eliminated to the same great extent that the former can be cultivated. Realizing this Dr. Nathan M. Baker in his life work has attained distinction, applying himself closely to the mastery of the great scientific principles which underlie the practice of medicine and surgery. Moreover, his ability enables him to see the logical relation between cause and effect and thus in his practice his labors have been attended with excellent results, bringing him into important relation with the medical fraternity. He has practiced continuously in Spokane since 1895, having as the basis of his success broad knowl edge of medical principles, acquired in the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Baker was born September 26, 1859, in St. Peter, Minnesota, a son of Nathan M. and Elmina (Perry) Baker. The father was one of the pioneer settlers of Minnesota, taking up his abode in that state in 1857. At the time of the Civil DR. N. M. BAKER SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 297 war he responded to the country's call for aid, enlisting in the Ninth Minnesota Infantry with which he did valiant service on the battlefields of the south. At the usual age Dr. Baker became a pupil in the public schools of his native city and afterward enjoyed the benefit of instruction in the University of Minne sota, from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Science degree in 1884. His professional training was received in the University of Pennsylvania and upon his graduation with the class of 1889 his professional degree was conferred upon him. He spent three years in the State Hospital of Minnesota, during which varied hospital practice gradually broadened his knowledge and promoted his efficiency. For two years he was assistant superintendent of the State Hospital at St. Peter and his work in those connections well qualified him for the onerous and responsible duties that have devolved upon him since he entered upon the general practice of medicine in Spokane in 1895. His ability has carried him into important profes sional relations. His knowledge of medicine in every line is comprehensive and at all times he keeps abreast with the best thinking men of the profession, his investigation and research bringing him success beyond that of the average practi tioner. With a nature that could never be content with mediocrity he has advanced step by step in his profession and his labors have been of great benefit to his fel- lowmen. He holds membership in the Spokane County Medical Society, the Wash ington State Medical Society and the American State Medical Association. On the 1st of July, 1895, was celebrated the marriage of Dr. Baker and Miss Minnie J. Bluhm, of Minnesota, and they have two children, Violet E. and Morton C. The family reside at E. 945 Mission avenue. Dr. Baker belongs to Oriental Lodge, No. 74, F. .& A. M., to the Independent Order of Foresters and to the University Club. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and the offices he has held have been in the path of his profession. He served as coroner from 1898 until 1902 and for six years was a member of the city board of health. He is a gentleman of broad general culture as well as high professional attain ment and finds his friends among the best residents of Spokane. GEORGE CLARENCE JEWETT. George Clarence Jewett, cashier of the National Bank of Palouse and also at this writing in 1912 the mayor of the town, was born in Wright county, Minnesota, on the 27th of November, 1876. He is a son of Aaron H. and Jane (Emerson) Jewett, both natives of Vermont and descendants of well known New England families of early colonial days. The early years in the life of George Clarence Jewett were passed in his native state, to whose public schools he is indebted for the greater part of his education. Having decided to pursue a business career he subsequently took a course in a commercial college at Mankato, Minnesota, thus more fully qualifying himself for the practical duties of life. In 1897 he went to Bordulac, North Dakota, where for two years he was engaged in the grain business. In 1899 he became a bookkeeper in the Maple Lake State Bank, continuing to serve in this capacity until the spring of 1900 when he removed to Pasadena, California, and took a position in the First 298 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE National Bank of that city. In July of the following year he once more took up his residence in Minnesota, as a member of the staff of the Second National Bank of St. Paul. He resigned this position in July, 1902, to enter the employ of Ross & Davidson, well known financiers of North Dakota, where they are operating twenty-four banks, entering their service in the capacity of an assistant cashier. He proved to be a very efficient and reliable employe and was later promoted to the office of cashier, the duties of which he discharged until 1906. In the latter year he became associated' with R. P. Ward of Waseca, Minnesota, and removed to Columbus, North Dakota, where he established the First International Bank. He remained there until June, 1909, when he came to Palouse and opened the Na tional Bank of which he has ever since been cashier and one of the stockholders. Mr. Jewett is in every way well qualified for the position he holds, not only striv ing to protect the interests of the stockholders but those of the patrons of the bank as well, to whom he accords the greatest consideration and this has unquestionably been one of the factors, in the upbuilding of the institution. In North Dakota on the 21st of June, 1904, Mr. Jewett was united in marriage to Miss Minnie C. Sander, of Wisconsin, and a daughter of Henry Sander, and they have become the parents of four children: Milton A., Viola J., Alta Margaret and George Donald. Fraternally Mr. Jewett is affiliated with Palouse Lodge, No. 46, A. F. & A. M., of which he is treasurer, and he also belongs to the Chapter, R. A. M., of Carrington, North Dakota. He has passed through all of the chairs of the Ancient Order of United Workmen and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to Oriental Lodge, No. 26, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. . His political sup port he gives to the republican party, and although he has been a resident of this city but for two years he has made such a favorable impression in the community that he has been honored with, the highest office of the municipality. He has high standards regarding the responsibilities and duties of citizenship and ever since granted the right of franchise has taken an active interest in all political affairs, and in 1909 was a member of the legislature of North Dakota. During the period of his residence here, Mr. Jewett has at all times evidenced the qualities that have won him the respect and esteem of all with whom he has had dealings both as a public official and business man, his methods of conducting transactions being in strict accordance with the highest business principles. CHARLES EDWARD MAX. Being attracted to Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, as an excellent place of promising opportunities for a business man to locate in, Charles Edward Max, in 1906, gave up the railroad work to which he had been trained and engaged in the hardware and implement business, meeting with such unwonted success during the brief period of the past six years that his establishment is now accounted one of the largest hardware and implement houses in northern Idaho, and his importance as a dealer in this department of the mercantile life of the state is attested by the numerous offices to which he has been elected in various hardware organizations. He was born on March 6, 1861, at Tippecanoe, Miami county, Ohio. His father, SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 299 Samuel Max, was a descendant of the Pennsylvania Dutch and was a most enthu siastic adherent to the Union cause serving throughout the Civil war with Company G, Eleventh Regiment Ohio Infantry. His mother, Nancy Elizabeth (Hyatt) Max, was of English descent and a daughter of one of the first business men in Tippe canoe, Ohio. Charles Edward Max was educated in the grammar and high schools at Tippe canoe, Ohio, and for his first work labored on a farm until 1882. Interested in railroad work he took up the study of telegraphy and routine office work and se cured employment with the Big Four Railroad at Troy, Ohio, six miles from Tippe canoe, this being up to that time the farthest distance that he had ever ventured from home. In 1883 he entered the employment of the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company with headquarters at St. Louis, serving as telegraph operator and agent at different points for a year and a half. In 1885 he was sent by the same com pany as division agent on the Cairo branch of their road and in 1886 was ap pointed agent on the main line at Piedmont, Missouri, where he remained fifteen years. For the sake of his wife's and his own health he then removed to Rialto, California, severing his connection with the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, with whom he had been employed for eighteen years, and accepted a position as agent for the Santa Fe Railroad in which capacity he acted for five years when he entered the hardware business. During all the twenty-four years of his railroad service his record was perfect, and for his devotion to duty and his conscientious regard for carrying out his instructions and maintaining the company's high stand ard of efficiency he was constantly advanced from position to position without any solicitation on his part. Through careful management and with an eye to the future Mr. Max had by this time saved of his earnings a sufficient sum to enable him to invest in some enterprise that would make him independent and insure him a good income and consequently in 1906 he came to Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, and founded the mercan tile establishment known as the Branson-Max Hardware Company of which he became president, continuing in this relation with the firm to the present time. Well trained in the systematic execution of business details and keeping an ever watch ful eye on the fluctuating conditions of the market and the constantly varying de mands in the industrial and agricultural world he has not only built up his business to its present flourishing proportions but has become known as one of the very keen and up-to-date business men, whose spirit of enterprise contributes in no small de gree to the growth of the community. His popularity and the leading position which he occupies may be gauged by the honors which have been accorded him at the hands of his fellow tradesmen. He is the president of the Pacific Northwest Hardware & Implement Dealers' As sociation, and also president of the Pacific Federation of Hardware and Imple ment Dealers, an organization which embraces the states of Idaho, Washington, Oregon and California, having been elected to the latter position at the last con vention at Sacramento, California, March 15, 1911. He was appointed a delegate to the meeting of the National Hardware Association held at Little Rock, Arkansas, at which he was greatly instrumental in adjusting some important matters con nected with the hardware business. The marriage of Mr. Max and Miss Helen Dunn of Iron county, Missouri, was solemnized at Jonesboro, Arkansas, in 1884. Two children were born of this 300 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE union: Aureola, born in 1888, who is the wife of Earl Tibbott, of Rialto, California, and who now resides in Oregon; and Samuel, born in 1890, who attends the Uni versity of Puget Sound, where he is studying medicine. Mrs. Max passed away in 1900 at Rialto, California, after suffering under a cloud of ill health for some time. In 1901 Mr. Max was again married, his second union being with Miss Lucy E. Conrey, of Piqua, Ohio, a daughter of Joseph R. Conrey, one of the most suc cessful farmers in Ohio, engaged in scientific farming. By this marriage there is a son, Dwyer Edward, born August 15, 1909. Mr. and Mrs. Max are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of Coeur d'Alene and he has been the president of the board of trustees ever since his con nection with this church during his residence in the town. He is prominent in Ma sonic circles, being a member of Kootenai Lodge, No. 34, F. & A. M., and of Chap ter No. 12, R. A. M., of Coeur d'Alene, in which he has held all the offices, and Temple Commandery No. 8, of Coeur d'Alene. He was elected grand prelate of the Knight Templars of the state of Idaho and, furthermore holds membership in El Katif Temple of the Mystic Shrine, of Spokane. Mr. Max is well known throughout Idaho and the adjoining section of the country and takes an active part in every movement designed to further the welfare of society at large. At the time of the great railroad wreck at Gibbs Siding, Idaho, which occurred on the occasion of the opening of the Coeur d'Alene reservation, when thirteen people were killed, he was appointed one of the commissioners to decide the cause of the accident. In September, 1911, a distinctive honor was conferred upon him by his selection to serve as a member of the advisory board of the University of Puget Sound, of Ta- coma, Washington. Mr. Max has come into the enjoyment of a substantial income by means of incessant and carefully directed activity and owns property in Lafay ette, Indiana, besides the handsome residence in which he lives at No. 822, Garden street, Coeur d'Alene. In matters of business as well as in his private relations he maintains a standard of honor from which he never departs, believing that hon esty is the best policy, and that a clear conscience is the most desirable joy in life. EDWARD HENRY LETTERMAN. Among the pioneer citizens of Pullman who have substantially contributed to ward the upbuilding and development of the community must be numbered Edward Henry Letterman, who has been a resident of this town for thirty-two years. Until recently he has been actively identified with various local enterprises, but he is now living retired, his various properties providing him with a handsome income. He was born in Germany on the 13th of March, 1840, and is a son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Benton) Letterman, also natives of the fatherland, where the mother passed away. When old enough to begin his education, Edward Henry Letterman entered the government schools of his native country, continuing his student days until he had attained the age of fourteen years. His text-books were then laid aside and he was apprenticed to the blacksmith's trade, to the mastery of which he diligently applied himself until 1857. The entire family desired to found a new home in the United States, but circumstances prevented such plans at that time. Edward, how- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 301 ever, although only a youth of seventeen years had evinced the judgment and fore sight of one many years his senior, and it was decided that he should go to the new world as the family's emissary and become established. The year 1857 saw him on his way to America and he arrived here with ten dollars in his pocket, unfamiliar with the language and customs of the country, but with a stout heart, that knew no fear for the future. He first located in Little Falls, Herkimer county, New York, where he obtained work in a dairy at twenty-five cents per day. Hours were long and his tasks were heavy, but as twenty-five cents was considered good pay for a youth of his age at that time he remained faithful to the work. Anxious to bring his people of this country, he denied himself every comfort and sometimes even the necessities of life, hoarding every cent until he had accumulated seventy- five dollars. This sum he immediately forwarded to his father and soon thereafter was joined by him, two sisters and two brothers. By means of thrift, the rigid economy and unceasing diligence, he acquired a sufficient sum to purchase eighty acres of land in Michigan in 1879. His family immediately thereafter took up their residence in the western state, but Mr. Letterman remained in Herkimer county until the following year when he joined his family in Michigan. He energetically applied himself to the cultivation of the farm until December, 1861, when he enlisted in Company I of Colonel Berdan's Sharpshooters. His baptism of fire was received at Yorkton, following which he engaged in many notable conflicts until the battle of Fair Oaks, in which he was wounded. Soon thereafter he also fell a victim to typhoid fever and, as soon as he was able to leave the hospital, was sent to Washington, D. C, where he was discharged in 1863. Returning home, he gave such assistance as his health and strength permitted in the work of the farm until the 24th of August, 1864, when he reenlisted in the First Michigan Cavalry, as a member of Company F, under General Custer and again went to the front. He remained in the service until the close of hostilities, being mustered, out at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, on June 16, 1865. Again resuming the duties of civil life, during the succeeding two years he devoted his entire time and attention to agricultural pursuits on the home farm in Michigan. In 1867, he turned his attention to commercial activities and es tablished a lumberman's supply store that he conducted with substantial returns for ten years. At the expiration of that period, in 1877, he came to Washington, locating at Goldendale, where he engaged in the sheep business. This undertaking proved to be a most unfortunate venture, as his herd was caught on the prairies by a terrible blizzard and he lost forty-two hundred head of sheep. This calamity decided him to withdraw from the business and in 1879 he homesteaded some land, upon which he resided until 1882, when he came to Pullman and established a hardware and implement store. In the autumn of the following year he dis posed of the store and began buying land, acquiring in all about two thousand acres that he laid out in six additions to Pullman. He was always a public-spirited man, taking much interest in the community's development and he presented two hundred and thirty acres of this land to the state for the Agricultural College, and gave seventy-five acres to his friends. In the meantime, this section of the state had become a great grain country and in 1885, Mr. Letterman engaged in the wheat business; first, as buyer for the Portland Flour Mills Coihpany; and later for the Balfour-Guthrie Company. This departure proved to be a lucrative under taking, and in one year he sold one hundred and fifty thousand bushels of wheat 302 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE in the east at an increase of twelve cents over the local market. When the panic came in 1893, it caught Mr. Letterman in its clutches, leaving him practically penniless, but he is not of the type of men that are easily vanquished, and resolutely he began to reestablish himself in the business world. He again engaged in the grain business, buying and selling wheat until 1901, when he invested in lands adjacent to Pullman, acquiring gradually very valuable holdings that he has im proved. Having passed the age of three score and ten, Mr. Letterman has now withdrawn from the exactions of an active business life, although he looks after his property, all of which he is renting. At Goldendale, Washington, on Christmas day, 1881, Mr. Letterman and Miss Mary E. Tatham were united in marriage. She is a native of the state of New York and a daughter of Thomas and Ellen (Woods) Tatham, both of whom were bom in England. Ever since granted the right of franchise by naturalization, Mr. Letterman has given his allegiance to the republican party. He has always taken a personal interest in political activities and in 1892 was state representative from this district. In every sense of the word he is a self-made man, such success as he has achieved in the long course of his business career being entirely attribut able to his own well concentrated and intelligently directly efforts, as he came to this country practically empty handed. His life is but one of the many that have conclusively demonstrated that the essential assets for a successful career in America are unceasing energy and determination of purpose. J. FLOYD TIFFT, D. M. D. Dr. J. Floyd Tifft, the present mayor of Colfax, is one of the leading practi tioners of dentistry in Whitman county, where he has been following his profession for the past eight years. He was born in Sycamore, Illinois, on the 23d of June, 1878, and is a son of Elan D. and Josephine (Saum) Tifft, both natives of Illinois. The paternal grandfather was John Tifft, who was born and reared in Vermont and traced his ancestry back to the early colonial days of New England, his forefathers having come to America on the Mayflower. The maternal ancestors came from Penn sylvania, which was the native state of the grandfather, Nicholas Saum. Dr. Tifft was reared in his native state to the age of eighteen yTears, and there began his education, which was completed in the high school of Hutchinson, Minnesota, where he removed with his parents in 1896. Having decided upon a professional career in the choice of a vocation, he matriculated in the depart ment of dentistry in the University of Minnesota, where he pursued his profes sional studies. While in college he took a prominent part in athletics and for three years was a member of the football team. He was graduated with the de gree of D. M. D. with the class of 1902, and almost immediately thereafter came to the northwest, locating in Seattle there following his profession until he came to Colfax. Here he has since been located and, owing to the high standard of his work, has succeeded in building up a good following. In the course of his residence here he has established a reputation which is most commendable and his patronage is remarkable for its size and class. He is in every way a worthy representative of his profession, his excellent training in connection with his SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 303 inherent mechanical skill having united in making him a dentist of much more than average ability. At Spokane, this state, on the 5th of June, 1907, Dr. Tifft was united in mar riage to Mrs. Laura E. Ross of Iowa, a daughter of August and Johanna (Gustoff) Kupper, both of Germany. Dr. Tifft is a member of Hiram Lodge, No. 21, A. F. & A. M. and is treasurer of the chapter and likewise a member of Moscow Lodge, No. 249, B. P. O. E., and of Colfax Lodge, No. 3, K. of- P., in which he has passed through all of the chairs, and has twice been a delegate to the Grand Lodge. During his university days he joined the Delta Sigma Delta fraternity, and he is now identified with the Washington University of Minnesota Alumni Association, while he maintains relations with his fellow practitioners through the medium of his connection with the Washington State Dental Society. His political indorsement is given to the republican party and for three years he was a member of the town council and he is now filling the mayor's chair. He has always taken an active interest in local politics and is now and has been for some time past the chairman of the county central committee. Dr. Tifft is a man of high ideals and standards that he strives to maintain in his public and profes sional as well as private life and has won the esteem and respect of many of the best citizens of the town, who in turn have evidenced their confidence in his worth by calling him to the highest office in the municipality. CHARLES A. LIBBY. Charles A. Libby is proprietor of one of the finest photograph studios in Spo kane and has a business which is most creditable for a young man of his years. He has not yet traveled life's journey for a third of a century, his birth having occurred in Olympia, Washington, September 19, 1879. His father, George A. Libby, a na tive of Maine, left New England to become a resident of California, where he es tablished his home in 1853. The mother, Elizabeth (Maurer) Libby, a native of Germany, came to America in 1867, arriving in Idaho the same year, where she re sided until her marriage in 1869. The father became very prominently and widely known in mining circles throughout the western country because of his extensive and important operations in connection with the development of mining resources on the Pacific coast. His death occurred in 1898. In the public schools of the capital city Charles A. Libby began his education at the usual age and passed through consecutive grades until his graduation from high school, after which he devoted one year to a commercial course. At the age of nine teen years he was employed as a clerk in a clothing store in Olympia and after a short time went upon a business trip to Alaska, thus spending the summer of 1898. Following the death of his father he came to Spokane with his mother and family, consisting of his brother, George H. Libby, who is now associated with the Phelps Lumber Company, and two sisters: Addie C, who conducts the Libby Art Studio; and Ruth H., at home. Following his removal to this city Charles A. Libby secured a clerkship with Ar mour & Company in their branch office but after a brief period withdrew from that connection and spent one year in the employ of the B. L. Gordon Wholesale Grocery 304 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Company. He then turned his attention to photography, establishing his studio in 1893. By continuous study, work and experience he has developed one of the finest studios in Spokane, his work being of the most artistic nature, manifesting also the latest improved processes of the photographic art. His patronage is now extensive and its continued growth is assured, owing to his knowledge of the business and the fact that he keeps in touch with improvements that are continuously being made in photographic work. On the 12th of July, 1905, Mr. Libby was united in marriage to Miss Gretchen Schlessler, of St. Paul, Minnesota, and they have one son, Charles, Jr. Mr. Libby votes with the republican party. Outside of business hours he gives his time and attention to his home, caring nothing for club and society affairs. He holds to high ideals in his chosen profession and, working continuously for improvement, has made a most creditable busines record. EDWARD S. ROSS. Edward S. Ross, of the Ross Investment Company, has contributed to the development and improvement of the city through well conducted business interests that add not only to individual success but also to the public prosperity. His birth oc curred at Penfield, New York, October 26, 1853, and of that state his parents, Oliver C. and Betsey (Sherman) Ross, were early settlers. The father devoted his atten tion to farming while in the east and in the year 1884 he came to Spokane with his family, which then consisted of himself, wife and two sons, Edward S. and George L., both now of this city, and a daughter. The parents have traveled fife's journey happily together for sixty-two years and now at the advanced ages of eighty- eight and eighty-seven years, respectively, are living with their daughter, Mrs. Frances Linfield, the widow of George Linfield. After acquiring his early education in the public schools of Rochester, New York, and pursuing a more advanced course in Rochester Collegiate Institute, Edward S. Ross became his father's assistant in farming operations in the Em pire state and was thus engaged until the family came to Spokane in 1884. For three years thereafter he did general work in and around the city and then se cured a quarter section of land in the valley, upon which he began market gar dening and fruit growing. He was the first in this section to cultivate asparagus and tomatoes for the market and such was the excellence of his products that he was soon accorded a good market for all that he raised. He later acquired other property adjoining his original tract and while at first this was a long way from the city, the boundaries of Spokane have since been extended until his property has been included within the corporation limits and is now known as the Rossvale addition. For a considerable period Mr. Ross continued the raising of vegetables and fruit, and the success of the business enabled him to make investments along other lines. Thus from time to time he extended his interests and is now presi dent of the Ross Coal Company, which he organized for the conduct of a whole sale coal business in Spokane. He was likewise the organizer of the Ross In vestment Company and remained as its general manager until 1908 since which time he has been its president. He is still interested in the project and the com- EDWARD S. ROSS SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 307 pany today has a large clientage. He is also a heavy property owner not only in this city but throughout the Spokane country and also has large landed pos sessions in the Kootenai valley. On the 4th of September, 1879, Mr. Ross was married to Miss Mary Clark, a daughter of Orrin and Jeannette (Millard) Clark, of Penfield, New York. They have become parents of five children: Linfield S., who is acting as secretary and treasurer of the Ross Investment Company; Elwyn G., vice president of the same company; Orrin Clark, who is an artist, employed by the McDermid En graving Company, of Spokane; Edward Wayland, who is an apprentice in the latter company; and Edna, the wife of Laurence M. Parker, of Bonners Ferry, Idaho. Mr. Ross is a charter member of Grace Baptist church, which his family at tend. He has never sought to figure prominently in club circles or in public connections outside of his business interests. He has closely applied himself to the tasks that have been his, and since he has successfully accomplished the work in hand he has turned his attention to other projects. He has never regarded any position as final but rather as the starting point for successful accomplish ment in other directions and through his individual ¦ merit, ability, close applica tion and unremitting industry, he has gained a creditable position as one of the leading business men of Spokane. JOHN ENOS McFARLAND. John Enos McFarland, a resident of Republic, is prominently connected with mining operations, having made extensive and judicious investment in mining prop erties in his district. He is now a large stockholder and a director in the Republic Mines Corporation, and general superintendent of the North Washington Power & Reduction Company. He is also interested in the Imperator-Quilp Company, The Hope Company, the Knob Hill Company and others, all of which indicates his prom inence in this field and his thorough understanding of the business which constitutes a basic element in the growing prosperity of the northwest. Mr. McFarland was born in Elma, Washington, December 5, 1877. His father, William O. McFarland, died in 1881, after a residence of thirty years in the north west. He crossed the plains to Oregon in 1851 and soon thereafter moved to Che- halis county, of which he was the first or second sheriff. In this section of the country he married Susanna Slover, who is a native of Oregon and now makes her home in Republic. John E. McFarland was educated in the public schools of this state and in the Blair Business College at Spokane, finishing his course there when twenty-three years of age. Previous to attending business college, however, he was engaged in the dray and transfer business at Farmington, Washington, and subsequent to his college course he entered the employ of the Kettle Valley Railroad Company, of which he practically acted as secretary until appointed to the office of county clerk of Ferry county, this state. He filled that position for eighteen months, during which time he entered into busines relations with J. L. Harper, with whom he has since been associated in mining interests. His holdings are now quite extensive Vol. Ill— 16 308 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE and judicious investment and keen sagacity have characterized all of his under takings. He is today connected with some of the most valuable mining properties of his district and their operation is returning to him a good income. At Colfax, Washington, June 14, 1903, Mr. McFarland was united in marriage to Miss Allie Montgomery and they have three children, Mildred Alice, Jack S. and Robert E. In his political views Mr. McFarland is a democrat, active in the local party ranks. He has served as secretary of the party campaign committee and of the democratic county central committee. He also headed a local option movement at Republic but it was defeated. He is a member of the Republic Booster Club, in which connection he is doing everything in his power to promote the welfare and progress of the town. His religious faith is that of the Christian church and the different elements in his life are well balanced factors, leading to the development 'of a strong and honorable manhood which constitutes him one of the prominent and progressive citizens of the Inland Empire. WILLIAM ROSS ANDERSON. William Ross Anderson, who has been identified with the banking interests of Colfax for the past eight years, was born in eastern Tennessee on the 28th of No vember, 1875, his parents being William H. and Louise (Blankenship) Anderson, natives of the same state. When he was fourteen years of age William Ross Anderson left the public schools and began qualifying for a business career as a clerk in a general mercantile store. Recognizing the need of further education, at the end of two years he returned to the public school for a time and subsequently pursued a commercial course. In 1893 he again engaged in clerking, continuing to follow this occupation for three years. At the expiration of that time he became a bookkeeper in the Citizens Bank of London, Tennessee, but he resigned this position at the end of two years and be came associated with John H. Kimbrough in the general mercantile business at Morganton, Tennessee. He had always been most desirous of coming to the north west and so disposing of his various interests in Tennessee in 1903 he removed to Colfax. Immediately upon his arrival he entered the employ of the First National Bank, continuing in their service for two years. In 1905 the First National Bank and Colfax National Bank consolidated under the name of the Colfax National Bank and he was taken over by the new institution. Two years later he became assistant cashier of the First Savings & Trust Bank of Whitman county, leaving their em ploy in December, 1909, to become cashier of the Farmers State Bank of Colfax, the duties of which position he has ever since discharged. Mr. Anderson owns stock in the bank with which he is now identified and he is also interested in the insurance business. At Morganton, Tennessee, on the 19th of April, 1899, Mr. Anderson was united in marriage to Miss May Kimbrough, a native of that state and a daughter of John H. and Ida (Magill) Kimbrough, who were also born in Tennessee. Three daugh ters have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Anderson, Ida Louise, Bessie Roe and Esther Mae. The family affiliate with the Congregational church. Mr. Anderson is a mem- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 309 ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Woodmen of the World and the Knights of Pythias, being past chancellor and a member of the Grand Lodge of Washington. He belongs to the Commercial Club of Colfax and votes with the re publican party. He has never in the sense of the politician been an office seeker nor tried to gain political preferment for any ulterior motive or financial gain, but has served as postmaster while residing at Morganton, receiving his appointment under President McKinley, and is at present city treasurer of Colfax, being elected in 1911. During the period of his residence in Colfax, Mr. Anderson has always man ifested high business principles and strict integrity in all of his transactions, and has thus won and retained the respect of all with whom he has had dealings. HARRY J. NEELY. Harry J. Neely, prominently known in connection with irrigation projects and real-estate dealing in the Spokane country, is a splendid type of that class of men who have the ability to plan and to perform and who are prompt, energetic and notably reliable in all business transactions and who recognize and utilize op portunities that lead to general progress as well as to individual success. He was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, March 1, 1867, and is a representative of an old American family of Scotch-Irish descent that has been prominent in Pennsylvania through many generations. Early records show a deed from William Penn for land purchased by a member of the Neely family. Samuel W. Neely, the father of Harry J. Neely, was born in the Keystone state and for a time resided in Illinois, serving as treasurer of Henry county, that state, for four years. He is now a retired merchant of Lincoln, Nebraska. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Katherine M. Gamble, was also born in Pennsylvania and represents one of the old families, also of Scotch-Irish origin. She, too, is living in Lincoln and has reached the advanced age of eighty years. A son, W. W. Neely, is living in Spo kane, where he is engaged in horticultural work, and a daughter, Sue G. Neely, makes her home with her parents. Harry J. Neely was educated in the public schools of Woodhull, Illinois, and as a boy began learning the printer's trade at Cambridge, Illinois. Subsequently he removed to Wyoming, where the winter of 1886-7 was passed and in the spring of the latter year he began the publication of the Sheridan Post, a weekly repub lican paper at Sheridan, Wyoming, owned by prominent residents of that place. He was thus connected with newspaper interests until November, 1889, when he came to Spokane. Here he was first employed in a job printing establishment located near the north end of and facing the Monroe street bridge, which was then a wooden structure. Before the close of the year, however, Mr. Neely went to Wilbur, Washington, and took a position on the Wilbur Register. A year later he purchased the paper and continued its publication for eight years. The country was new at the time and he used his publication to further the interests of the district, bringing it into public notice and thus exploiting its resources and ad vantages. To do this he thoroughly acquainted himself with the district and its property values and came to be largely regarded as an authority upon realty and was consulted concerning the purchase of property. Thus he was forced into the 310 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE real-estate business and after disposing of his paper continued to handle property in that locality for four years, returning to Spokane in 1901. Here he opened a real-estate office, becoming associated with Governor M. E. Hay and his brother, E. T. Hay. While at Wilbur he sold several townships to actual settlers, also pro moted the road up the San Poil river to Republic and built the first ferry in that country across the Columbia river. At the opening of the south half of the Col ville reservation he was the first to receive the news and the first to go there and give the word that started the dynamite which warned the prospectors to put up their notices. While connected with the Hay brothers they developed the Hay's Park addition to Spokane and continued to handle farm lands in the Big Bend country. The second year after his return to Spokane, Mr. Neely engaged in ir rigation work on his own account, becoming interested in general irrigation pro jects. He also took up the sales agency for a large property on the Columbia river and afterward accepted the agency for the Spokane Valley Land & Water Company, representing J. C. Cunningham and others. In this connection he dis posed of eighteen hundred acres, selling off East Greenacres and Old Green acres, after which the property was taken over by D. C. Corbin, the present owner. About that time Mr. Neely formed a partnership with C. F. Young and C. M. Speck and organized the present firm of Neely & Young, Inc., taking over some lower land on the Columbia river below Wenatchee. There he installed a pump ing plant and planted all the tract to a commercial orchard, which is just now coming into bearing. The district comprised four hundred and fifty-five acres but he has since sold a part of it. In the spring of 1905 he took the management of the sales agency for the Opportunity property, comprising three thousand acres, sold off the land and brought in many of the families now located there. When he undertook the work, there were only four families and three school children in the embryo village. Over five hundred families are now located there and no where could be found a more contented and prosperous people, for the conditions which there exist are ideal. Before the sale of Opportunity was completed the firm accepted the sales agency of Hazelwood, west of Spokane, and practically sold all of that tract of twenty-six hundred acres. In 1909 they purchased four hundred and thirty-six acres a mile and a half east of Spokane and installed an irrigation plant, which is the most complete and substantial to be found in any little irrigated district in the United States. They called this district Orchard Avenue and have practically sold the entire property as suburban home sites. In the fall of 1910 Mr. Neely and associates purchased the famous Burrell orchard at Medford, Oregon, comprising six hundred and five acres, nearly all of which is in bearing. He went to Chicago and sold the greater part of this to a wealthy class, at prices ranging from one thousand to twenty-three hundred dollars an acre. In Spokane the firm since its organization has sold property worth approximately seven million dollars, this being principally irrigated farm, fruit and hay lands. They own twenty-six hundred and forty acres of wheat land in the Big Bend coun try under cultivation, have a tract of timber land in Stevens county and own two hundred and ten acres of irrigated lands in the Spokane valley, part of which is already in bearing orchards, while the remainder is being developed. Mr. Neely is also interested in the Spokane Title Abstract Company. He has been one of the most active in development projects in the northwest, owing to an understanding of the opportunities and resources of the country and faith in its future. Through SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 311 his influence many hundreds have obtained homes in this district and the growth of the Inland Empire, especially in that region adjacent to Spokane, is attribut able in large measure to his work, his methods at all times being practical and re sultant. At all times Mr. Neely's aid can be gained for any project that he believes of practical value and worth in the upbuilding and development of the northwest. In 1908 he was manager of the Spokane National Apple Show, was one of its organ izers and took a very active part in making the project a success. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, is one of the active members of the publicity com mittee and has labored to advance the interests and purposes of the organization throughout the entire period of his residence in the city. His activity has also extended to political circles and he is known as a stalwart advocate of republican principles and an active worker in party ranks. He has been a delegate to city, county and state conventions from Lincoln county and was one of the thirteen in his precinct who stood immovable in support of republican principles while the silver movement swept over this part of the country. He has been a member of the county central committee and to political work brings the same practical methods and sound judgment which have been characteristic of his business career. In social and fraternal relations, too, Mr. Neely is well known. He has at tained high rank in Masonry as a member of the consistory and of the Mystic Shrine. He also holds membership with the Knights of Pythias, the Dramatic Order of the Knights of Khorassan, the Woodmen of the World and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He was a member of the famous 150,000 Club and acted as its president in the year 1909. Pleasantly situated in his home relations, he was married at Mondovi, Washington, on Thanksgiving Day of 1890, to Miss Florence G. Smith, a daughter of T. N. Smith, a farmer and one of the old-time residents of that section, living there since 1883. The three children of this mar riage are: Amy Jane, now a student in Whitman College; and Marguerite and Suella, who are attending Brunot Hall. In a review of the life history of Harry J. Neely it is evident that personal abil ity and not fortunate circumstances has constituted the basis of his advancement and success. Dependent upon his own resources from his boyhood days, his has been a strenuous career in which he has based his advancement upon the sub stantial qualities of industry and determination. He has ever regarded the duty nearest at hand as the most essential one and in its faithful performance has found courage and strength for the succeeding duty. Thus step by step he has advanced until he stands today among those who are leaders in the real-estate field in Spokane. CHARLES EDWARD HOOVER. Charles Edward Hoover, who is one of the prominent general mercantile dealers of Lacrosse, Whitman county, was born in Indiana, on the 8th of April, 1869, a son of Lambert J. and Cynthia M. (Davis) Hoover, natives of Ohio and Indiana re spectively. After completing a public-school course, Charles E., Hoover entered the Indiana American Normal School of Logansport, Indiana, and in 1888 began teaching school 312 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE in that state. He remained a resident of the Hoosier state until 1890, when he re moved to Palouse City, Whitman county, where he again engaged in school teaching, being for three years principal of the school at Albion. Later, desiring to enter upon an independent career, in 1900 he engaged in the grain business at Pullman, which enterprise he conducted until five years later, when he removed to Lacrosse and in partnership with C. Bowman engaged in the general mercantile business. Subsequently he was associated with F. M. Bowman but in 1908 he purchased the entire stock and has since been its sole proprietor. His concrete building is one of the most substantial in the county and has a floor space of forty by ninety-six feet. An extensive business is conducted, the trade increasing year by year, as the most modern and progressive business methods are employed. By careful supervision and constant attendance upon his work he is able to study the needs of his customers and the trend of trade to such an extent that his store is one of the most popular and practically arranged in Lacrosse. In July, 1902, Mr. Hoover was married, at Pampa, to Miss Lelia Bowman, of Pampa, a daughter of D. S. and Rachel (Gilliam) Bowman, both of whom are na tives of Missouri. In 1847 they came as pioneers to California, their arrival ante dating by only two or three years the famous excitement over the discovery of gold in that state. To them have been born two children, Lambert David and Alma Ea- chael. Mr. Hoover gives his political support to the republican party. His interest in local affairs is indicated by the fact that he has been a member of the school board for five years. He holds membership in Lacrosse Lodge, No. 155, A. F. & A. M., and in Pullman Camp, No. 113, W. O. W. He has always been interested in the social and educational welfare of Lacrosse and his aid can be counted upon to further its progressive interests. CHARLES LYMAN CHAMBERLIN. Charles Lyman Chamberlin, for the past four years a member of the legal fra ternity of Whitman county, was born in Henry county, Ohio, on the 15th of October, 1866, his parents being Orson N. and Ellen G. (Maxwell) Chamberlin. The father, a native of Vermont and the mother of Pennsylvania lived for some years in Ohio, whence they subsequently removed to Indiana. The Chamberlin family were associated with the early history of New England, the first representative bear ing that name having located there in 1647. They were always loyal and patriotic, working for the welfare of their country, and several members of the family partici pated in the Revolutionary war while the Orson N. Chamberlin, the father of our subject, participated in the Civil war. As he was only a child of two years when his parents removed to Remington, Indiana, in 1868, the earliest recollections of Charles Lyman Chamberlin are asso ciated with the latter state. There he was reared and educated in the common schools, terminating his student days at the age of eighteen, having always applied himself diligently to his lessons. Study being a pleasure to him instead of a hard ship, he seemed to be destined to assume the duties of a teacher and became identi fied with this profession in 1884. Two years later he removed to McLean county, Illinois, where he continued to teach but thereafter devoted his leisure hours to the SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 313 study of law in the office of the Honorable John Sterling, of Bloomington. As he had fully resolved to adopt the latter profession for his life vocation, he went, in 1889, to Chicago and matriculated in the legal department of the Northwestern Uni versity, from which institution he was graduated in 1890 with the degree of LL. B. He was admitted to the bar of Illinois in March of the same year, and soon there after established an office in Chicago, where he engaged in practice until May, 1892. From there he went to Hoopeston, Illinois, becoming associated with the Honorable Charles A. Allen, with whom he was connected in practice until June, 1899. His next removal was to Pontiac, Illinois, where in connection with his legal work, he con ducted an abstract business until. 1906. In the latter year he came to the north west, first settling in Spokane, remaining there until January, 1908, when he came to Whitman county. Upon his arrival here he located in Garfield, but in the De cember following he became a resident of Colfax, and has since been engaged in practice here. Mr. Chamberlin is very much interested in the development of the northwest and has speculated more or less in real, estate since locating here, having thus acquired several pieces of valuable property. Chicago, Illinois, was the scene of Mr. Chamberlin's marriage on the 15th of March, 1893, to Miss Sadie W. Hodgkins, a native of the state of Maine, as were likewise her parents, Thomas J. and Lemira (Wooster) Hodgkins. One child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlin, Dorothy Louise. Mr. Chamberlin has always been an active worker in the Methodist Episcopal church and is now a member of the official board and superintendent of the Sunday school, while his wife and daughter are also interested in the work of the various societies and organizations of this church. Fraternally he is a member of the Mod ern Woodmen of America, and was delegate to the head camp in 1911 ; the Knights of Pythias, of which he is past vice chancellor ; the Pythian Sisters ; and the Grange. Political activities have always engaged his attention to a greater or less degree; his allegiance being accorded the republican party, and his fellow townsmen have recog nized his loyalty and worth on several occasions by calling him to public office. While residing in Hoopeston, Illinois, in 1895, he was elected city attorney, serving in this capacity for four years, and at one time he was also a member of the Illi nois senatorial committee. Since coming to Whitman county he has discharged the duties of prosecuting attorney, his term covering the years 1909 and 1910. Mr. Chamberlin is a man of recognized worth and capability, whose upright principles and high ideals commend him to the esteem and respect of his fellow citizens. EDWIN CHOATE. Edwin Choate, a conductor on the Colfax and Moscow division of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company's road, was born in Chickasaw county, Iowa, on the 10th of March, 1871, his parents being James and Mary (Miller) Choate, the father a native of Indiana and the mother of Ohio. In 1876, Edwin Choate removed with his parents to Kansas and there passed his boyhood and early youth. When old enough to begin his education he entered the public schools, continuing his student days until he had attained the age of fifteen years, when he started out in the world on his own responsibility, obtaining em- 314 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE ployment as a farm hand and following this occupation for two years in Kansas. At the expiration of that time he came to the Pacific coast, settling in Pendleton, Oregon, in 1888, where he was employed as a day laborer. Later in the year he came to Whitman county, taking up his residence in Rosalia, and there for a time he worked in the harness shop of his brother, Grant S. Choate. He was next em ployed on the Rosalia Rustler, a local weekly, but in 1890 he returned to agricul tural pursuits and during the succeeding year was engaged in the service of a ranch man of that vicinity. In 1891 he went to Tekoa and there obtained work in the shops of the Union Pacific Railroad Company, continuing in their service until 1891. From there he removed to Spokane and for six years thereafter was employed by the Spokane Falls & Northern Railroad. Returning to Tekoa in 1900, he entered the service of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, in the capacity of brake- man. Proving to be thoroughly reliable and discharging his duties with efficiency, the company recognized his worth and capability two years later by promoting him to the position of conductor. He. has now been serving in this connection for prac tically ten years, and during that time has proven himself entirely deserving of the confidence and trust reposed in him by his employers, by the conscientious and ca pable fulfilment of his duties. In 1908 he removed to Moscow, Idaho, having been transferred to the Colfax and Moscow division of the road, and has ever since been making this run. At Sprague, Washington, on the 22d of March, 1903, Mr. Choate was united in marriage to Miss Ivy Wicker, a native of Missouri and a daughter of John and Emma (Proctor) Wicker. Fraternally Mr. Choate is affiliated with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias and the Order of Railway Conductors. He is in every way a credit to the service he is following, being a man of integrity and honorable motives who discharges to the best of his ability the duties with which he is entrusted, at all times striving to protect the interests of his employers. BURCHARD H. ROARK, M. D. Dr. Burchard H. Roark, county physician of Spokane county and also enjoy ing a large private practice, was born in Lebanon, Indiana, March 6, 1877. His is an old American family that was founded in Virginia during colonial days. Later the family was established in Kentucky in pioneer times and the grand father of our subject was a soldier of the War of 1812. In this he followed the military example of his ancestors who had fought for American independence. He removed to Lebanon, Indiana, and there his son, James W. Roark, was born and still resides. He ran away from home when about sixteen years of age, join ing the army, for his father was a southerner and therefore did not wish his son to take up arms against the south. However, the patriotic spirit of the boy was not to be checked in that way and he joined a regiment of Indiana Volunteers. Afterward he reenlisted and served throughout the entire war. The family was also represented in the Black Hawk war and thus the military history is one of which the present generation has every reason to be proud. The mother of Dr- Roark bore the maiden name of Amanda Hiestand, and she also was born in Leb- DR. B. H. ROARK SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 317 anon, Indiana, which is still the place of her abode. Her people were closely and prominently associated with the United Brethren, her grandfather being a bishop in the church, while one of her relatives, Benjamin Hiestand, assisted in writing the discipline of the church. The family name indicates its German origin but back to colonial days in America the history is traced, one of Mrs. Roark's an cestors having served as a colonel in the Revolutionary war. The three brothers and three sisters of Dr. Roark are: Jesse E., engaged in the mail service at Ad vance, Indiana; Manuel O., principal of a high school at Aurora, Illinois'; Clar ence E., a farmer residing near Lebanon, Indiana ; Mollie L., the wife of William Garner, of Lebanon; Sadie E., who married Rev. William Slater, of Bloomington, Indiana; and Ruth, who wedded Perry Crane, of Purdue University. When he had mastered the work of the common schools Dr. Roark entered the University of Indiana and there remained for three years, subsequently matricu lating in Chicago University, from which institution he graduated with honors, winning the B. S. degree. On his graduation he received for excellent work an appointment to a fellowship in pathology. He also gained rank as a student in Rush Medical College, from which he graduated as M. D. in June, 1903. He re ceived the benefit of broad practical experience by a year's service as house sur geon in a Milwaukee hospital and later he located for the private practice of med icine in Jamestown, Indiana. Early in 1907, however, he came to the west and in the fall of that year organized the City Emergency Hospital in Spokane with the assistance of Chief Rice, and served for two years as surgeon of the institu tion. It was he who secured the passage of the ordinance providing for the hos pital, after which he did. most able work until May, 1909, when he resigned. The work had its inception in the establishment of the Police Emergency Hospital in the city hall, and when the value of the work was shown he secured the passage of the ordinance that made the hospital a permanent city institution. Eleven hun dred cases were given emergency aid during the first year, a fact which proved how important was the work. In January, 1911, Dr. Roark was appointed county physician by the county commissioners and is now occupying that position. In addition he does a large private practice and his professional skill, ability and comprehensive knowledge are becoming widely recognized. In September, 1904, Dr.. Roark was united in marriage to Miss Mabel F. Bryce, of Indianapolis, a graduate of the University of Indiana with the class of 1901 and a member of Pi Beta Phi. She is a daughter of George E. Bryce, who was president of the Bryce Baking Company of that city for twenty years and was a son of Peter F. Bryce, who was an old-time baker and wealthy resident of Indianapolis, his business activities there winning him success. The maternal grandfather of Mrs. Roark was one of the argonauts who went to California in 1849 in search of the golden fleece. Dr. .and Mrs. Roark have two children, Esther M. and James Bryce, aged respectively six and four years. Their social prominence is indicated by the cordial hospitality which is extended to them in many of the best homes of this city. Their residence is at No. 204 West Four teenth street and they are members of the Presbyterian church. Dr. Roark be came a member of the Masonic fraternity at Lebanon, Boone county, Indiana, and his life has ever been an exemplification of the beneficent principles of the craft. He belongs to the Spokane Chamber of Commerce and the Spokane Alumni of Phi .Kappa Psi. His military record is' as commendable as that of his ancestors for 318 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE his patriotism was manifest in his enlistment in Battery E of the Third United States Artillery, in which he served as sergeant throughout the Spanish-American war. His cooperation can always be counted upon where the interests of hu manity are at stake. The work he has done in connection with the City Emer gency Hospital of Spokane would alone entitle him to representation in this vol ume and the institution will ever stand as a monument to his efforts and ability. WILLIAM HENRY BUTLER. William Henry Butler, who has been connected with the mercantile interests of Winona for two years was born in Warren county, Illinois, on the 14th of July, 1848, and is a son of William C. and Rebecca (Lucas) Butler, both of whom are natives of Kentucky. In 1859 the parents removed to Kansas, and in the public schools of that state- William H. Butler acquired his education, the nearest school being thirty-six miles from his home. At the age of eighteen years, in 1866, he worked with his father in a flour mill and three years later, in 1869, accepted em ployment in a sawmill in Missouri, working in that state until 1873 when he came to Walla Walla, Washington, hiring out as a harvest hand. The next year he re moved to where Pomeroy is now situated and located upon one hundred and sixty acres of land, and actively engaged in improving and cultivating the property. During the last two years, 1873 and 74, William Butler also taught school but in 1875 he removed to the northern part of Idaho, where until 1885 he was employed in the mines and also in conducting a general store. In that year he returned to Pomeroy and farmed until 1890 when he located in Spokane and entered the employ of the old horse car company. Subsequently he resided in Fairfield and in that town was engaged in the livery and hotel business and also conducted a general mer chandise store until 1901 when he returned to Spokane and acted as deputy sheriff. Seven years after his arrival in Spokane he purchased the Washington Drug Com pany store in the Madison block, and until 1910 was engaged in conducting that enterprise. After disposing of that business he removed to Winona and opened a general store which is known as the Butler Supply Company and is conducted by W. H. and C. S. Butler. He is still engaged in this enterprise and his is one of the most popular and successful stores in the town. His courteous manner and strict attention to the wants of his customers have won him a steadily increasing patron age, and realizing that satisfied customers are his best advertisement, he has more than an ordinary interest in carrying a stock which meets the requirements of his customers. On July 28, 1879, Mr. Butler was married to Miss Elizabeth J. Yount of Illi nois, a daughter of Jackson J. and Frances (Deer) Yount, both of whom are na tives of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Butler were the parents of four children: William Clyde, of Lincoln county, who is married to Miss Nora Sage and has two children, a boy and a girl; Chauncey Stanley, of Winona, who married Miss Daisy Stewart and has one daughter; Virgil V. of Winona; and Gladys who is residing at home. Fraternally Mr. Butler is connected with Rockford Lodge, A. F. & A. M.; Fairfield Lodge, No. 73, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in which he has held SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 319 all the chairs ; he also belongs to the Grand Lodge of this organization. In the various places Mr. Butler has resided his strong personality, active interest in his business undertakings and his personal worth have won him many friends and made him a welcome citizen wherever he resided. JAMES M. GERAGHTY. James M. Geraghty was born in County Mayo, Ireland, on February 2, 1870, whence he accompanied his parents to America in 1880. The family settled in Indiana, where they lived until 1892 and where he received his first public-school education. In that year they removed to Spokane, Washington. Mr. Geraghty undertook the study of law and upon his graduation was ad mitted to the bar in 1897. He engaged in practice and also busied himself in the political field and was elected as a member of the fifth Washington legislature. He also was called upon to serve as corporation counsel for the city of Spokane and divested himself of his duties satisfactorily. During a part of United States Senator Turner's term he acted as his private secretary and since 1904 has been associated with the senator in law practice. THOMAS CLARKSON MARTIN. Thomas Clarkson Martin, who is conducting an implement business in Pullman, is one of the most recent acquisitions to the commercial fraternity of that city, where he has become recognized as a man of high personal worth and capability. His birth occurred in Pittsfield, Illinois, on April 30, 1873, his parents being Oliver and Elizabeth (Strubinger) Martin, also natives of Illinois. In 1852, Oliver Martin crossed the plains to the goldfields of California, residing at different points in that state during the succeeding three years. At the expiration of that time he went to Oregon and subsequently participated in the Indian wars of the northwest, being at Walla Walla valley, at the time of the uprising in 1855 and 1856, under Captain A. V. Wilson. The adventuresome life that then prevailed on the coast finally palled on the young man and he returned to his native state. He was residing there when the Civil war broke out, and responded to the nation's need by enlisting and going to the front as a private. After the close of hostilities he returned to Illinois and there he passed away in 1875. Thomas Clarkson Martin who was only a child of two years when his father passed away, left his native state in 1883, coming to the northwest with an uncle, T. W. Martin, who located at Ritzville, this state, upon his arrival here. He con tinued his education in the common schools of Adams county, and later pursued a course at Whitman College. Upon attaining his majority in 1894, he decided to go into business for himself. There was no store at Washtuena and feeling assured of its excellent opportunities, he opened a general mercantile establishment there. Naturally as he was young and entirely inexperienced, errors of judgment led him into mistakes and he encountered obstacles and difficulties that appeared unsur- mountable, but the experience he here gained during the first struggling years has 320 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE been of inestimable value to him all through life. The location proved to be ad vantageous and the business began to pick up, soon netting him good returns. The enterprise was conducted under the firm name of T. C. Martin until 1901, when he sold out and engaged in the real-estate business there. His experience in the mer cantile line had ripened his judgment and from the beginning the venture became a success. In 1907 he removed to Spokane and continued to follow the real-estate business for three years there. At the expiration of that period he again devoted . his energies to commercial activities and coming to Pullman in the spring of 1911, purchased the business of A. B. Baker & Company, implement dealers. Although he has been conducting this enterprise for less than a year, Mr. Martin has mani fested those qualities that assure success. He applies himself energetically to his business concentrating his entire attention upon its development, and as he carries a full line of farming implements and machinery of standard quality and brands, his friends all prophesy prosperity for him. Dayton, Washington, was the scene of Mr. Martin's marriage on the 23d of August, 1896, to Miss Claudia V. Cooper, a native of California. Her father, John Cooper, was born and reared in England, whence he, in 1852, came to California and there married Miss Sarah E. Hunsicker, the mother of Mrs. Martin, who was a native of Missouri and a descendant of an old Virginia family. One child, Doris Olga, has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Martin. Although he is a democrat in his political views, he was while engaged in busi ness at Washtuena in 1897 appointed postmaster by President McKinley, retaining this office until 1901. This is the only public office he has ever held save that of clerk of the school board. He is a clever business man, whose standards and meth ods are such as to win him the confidence and support of all with whom he has had transactions. JOHN ASHFERD SAYLOR. John Ashferd Saylor, who is engaged in the implement business, has been iden tified with the commercial interests of Palouse for the past five years. He was born in Missouri on the 14th of. February, 1856, and is a son of Sidney H. and Vice (Ragsdale) Saylor, the father a native of Indiana. The parents spent the early years of their domestic life in Missouri, but in the fall of 1856 they crossed the plains to Oregon. He was less than a year of age when his parents removed from Missouri and the boyhood and youth of John Ashferd Saylor were passed on a ranch amid pioneer environments. He was educated in the public schools, and in 1873, at the age of seventeen years, left home and crossed the plains into eastern Oregon, where he rode the cattle range for four years. At the expiration of that period he returned to the home ranch, and invested his capital in sheep, devoting his entire time and attention to the business of sheep raising until his removal to Whitman county, where he homesteaded one hundred and sixty acres of land eight miles northeast of Col fax. He turned his attention to general farming and stock-raising, in which he met with substantial returns, devoting his energies to the further improvement and cul tivation of his land for twenty-seven years. His efforts were well rewarded and he SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 321 succeeded in bringing his land under high cultivation and making it one of the well improved and attractive ranches of the community. In 1906 he withdrew from agricultural pursuits and removed to Palouse, and here he has since made his home. The year after he took up his residence here Mr. Saylor became associated with W. F. Chalenor and together they engaged in the implement business, under the firm name of Chalenor & Saylor. They carry a large and complement line of farming im plements and appliances of standard make and as they are both enterprising men of practical ideas and are thoroughly familiar with agricultural conditions in this sec tion they are building up a profitable trade. Their business has netted them good returns from the beginning and it is constantly increasing. Mr. Saylor was married to Miss Clara Petty, of Lane county, Oregon, but shortly after coming to Whitman county, his wife passed away in 1886. In January, 1888, Mr. Saylor was married again to Miss Mary Broulete of Washington, a daughter of Mack and Adeline (Webb) Broulete, and unto them has been born one daughter, Helen, who is at home. The family are members of the Christian church in the work of which they take an active interest. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Ancient Order of United Workmen and holds the office of guide in the local lodge. His political allegiance he gives to the republican party and at the present time he is a member of the town council. Mr. Saylor has been a resident of Whitman county for thirty-two years, during which time he has seen the primitive conditions of pioneering that prevailed when he first came here give way to the new order with the westward march of civilization. Where there were great stretches of untilled prairies a quarter of a century ago, are found today highly cultivated and improved ranches, while mere settlements have grown into thriving towns, and villages have been transformed into cities with all the comforts and conveniences of modern civilization. WILLIAM FREDERICK CHALENOR. William Frederick Chalenor, senior partner- of the firm of Chalenor & Saylor, implement dealers, is one of the well known and prominent citizens of Palouse, where he has been actively identified with the business interests for more than twenty-one years. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on the 18th of May, 1860, and is a son of Frederick W. and Margaret J. (Livingston) Chalenor, both natives of England. Reared in the city of his birth, in the acquirement of his education, William Frederick Chalenor attended the public schools until he was fifteen years. He laid aside his school books in 1875 and began his business career as an employe in a wholesale grocery in Boston. Five years later, at the age of twenty, he re moved to St. Paul, Minnesota, but upon attaining his majority in 1881 he left there and went to North Dakota, where he filed on a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres. In 1884, he left his claim and went to Helena, Montana, where he worked in the mines for three years. At the expiration of that period he came to Spokane as an employe of the Northern Pacific Railway Company, but in 1888 he withdrew from their service and entered that of Burns & Chapman, railroad 322 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE contractors. He was in charge of construction work for this company until 1890, when he came to Palouse to buy grain for the Clark & Curtis Milling Company. Three years later he became associated with J. M. Perry in the grain business under the firm name of Perry & Chalenor. They met with success in the develop ment of their undertaking and in 1894 extended their activities by putting in a stock of farming implements and machinery. They continued to be associated in business until 1896, when Mr. Chalenor purchased his partner's interest. He subsequently opened a branch at Oakesdale, this county, that he operated under the name of Chalenor & Company, and in 1902 he organized the Palouse Hard ware & Implement Company. He was vice president of the latter enterprise until 1906, when he disposed of his stock and went into the implement business for himself. The next year he sold a half interest in this to Mr. Saylor, and the business has ever since been conducted under the name of Chalenor & Saylor. They carry a well selected line of farming implements and machinery of the- very best brands, and as they are both men of wide experience and practical ideas are meeting with success. The business has made marked development since it was founded six years ago, and they now enjoy an extensive and profitable patronage and corresponding returns. In 1891, at Palouse, Mr. Chalenor was married to Miss Myrtle M. Smith, a native of Illinois and a daughter of Alonzo and Margaret Smith. Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Chalenor in the following order: Edgar L., Margery, William A., Clifford B., Richard and Esther C. Mr. Chalenor is a warden in the Episcopal church in which his family also hold membership, and fraternally he is affiliated with Palouse Lodge, No. 46, F. & A. M., of which he is past master, while for twenty-one years he has been treasurer of Constance Chapter, No. 24, O. E. S. His connection with organiza tions of a more purely social nature is confined to his membership in the Inland Club of Spokane. The political views of Mr. Chalenor coincide with those of the democratic party, to whose men and measures he gives his support except in municipal elections when he casts his ballot for the candidate he deems best quali fied for the office irrespective of party lines. He has served several terms on the town council and at the present time he is a member of the school board. Mr. Chalenor is one of the highly esteemed men of the town, as in both his public and private life he has manifested the upright standards, high sense of honor and resolution of purpose that invariably command and hold the respect of all those with whom he has transactions. ALBERT BENHAM. Albert Benham, treasurer of Benham & Griffith Co., entered upon his business career well equipped by liberal education for life's responsibilities. He has shown a spirit of determination that has enabled him to successfully solve all the in tricate and complex problems that have arisen in business affairs. He was born in Cascade, Iowa, on the 3d of May, 1869, his parents being Lewis and Elizabeth (Means) Benham. The father, whose birth occurred in Ashtabula county, Ohio, SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 323 August 5, 1818, was descended from Thomas Benham, a Revolutionary soldier who was born in Connecticut in 1759 and died in Ohio in 1830. It was in 1811 that he removed to the latter state, making his way by ox team and encountering all the hardships and privations incident to such a journey at that time. He traced his ancestry back to John Benham, who with his two sons came to America on the 30th of May, 1630, in the ship Mary and John. Lewis Benham, the father of our subject, had a twin brother, a physician by profession, who was graduated from the Western Reserve Medical College of Cleveland, Ohio, and subsequently served as a soldier in the Civil war. The latter married Miss Rebecca Van Horn and his death occurred in February, 1898. The mother of our subject was born in Indiana and was of English descent, though her family have long resided in this country, her parents removing from Virginia to Indiana at an early day. She is at present a resident of Cascade, Iowa, and is now in her eighty-second year. Her husband died in 1888. They were the parents of seven children, of whom one died in childhood. The others are: Lucius T., who is a member of Benham & Griffith Co. and the father of Mrs. Austin Corbin II, of Spokane; Raymond S., who is in business in Chicago and is the father of Mrs. James M. Neff, whose husband, Dr. Neff, was formerly an assistant to Dr. Murphy of that city, but is now practicing surgery in Spokane; Alice, who died on the 13th of September, 1901; Isabel who became the wife of John Jackson Fry and died in 1890; Wil liam H., who died in Seattle, 1906, leaving two children, Arthur L. and Pauline; and Albert, of this review. Albert Benham was a pupil in the common schools of his native state and after attending the high school matriculated in Cornell College at Mount Vernon, Iowa. He was a student in that institution from 1884 until 1888. In the latter year he came to Spokane and engaged in the grocery business with Thomas S. Griffith and Lucius T. Benham under the firm name of Benham & Griffith Co. He is a man of good business sense and easily avoids the mistakes and disasters that come to those who, though possessing remarkable faculties in some respects, are liable to erratic movements that result in unwarranted failures. His well planned enterprise, his judgment and even-paced energy have carried him forward to the goal of success. Mr. Benham is a stanch supporter of the principles and policies of the democratic party and holds membership in the Chamber of Commerce of this city. GEORGE WASHINGTON LARUE. George Washington Larue, president of the firm of George W. Larue & Com pany, real-estate and insurance agents, was born in Randolph county, Missouri, on the 30th of October, 1855. His parents were John R. and Charlotte (Barnes) Larue, the father a native of Kentucky and the mother of Virginia, but for many years they were residents of Missouri, where he engaged in farming. When he was old enough to begin his education George W. Larue entered the public schools of his native state, completing his course in a private academy. His student days were terminated in 1872 and he returned to the farm, in the cul tivation of which he assisted his father until he was twenty-two. Fully qualified 324 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE to begin working for himself he left home in 1877 and began his independent agri cultural career. The following year he decided to come to the northwest, believing that he would find better opportunities here than in his native state. Upon his arrival in 1878 he first located in the vicinity of Walla Walla, where he farmed until 1879. He then went to the Big Bend country and filed on three hundred and twenty acres of land, but subsequently took the agency for a sewing-machine. He continued at this until 1884 when he came to Colfax and entered into partnership with John Pattison in the real-estate and insurance business, under the firm name of Larue & Pattison. Two years later they dissolved partnership and Mr. Larue became associated with A. W. Wisner, under the name of Larue, Wisner & Com pany. In 1888, Mr. Larue was appointed postmaster under President Cleveland, but he resigned his office at the end of a year and again went into the real-estate and insurance business. The following year, in 1 890, he was elected county treas urer, serving in this capacity for two terms, at the expiration of which time he again turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, locating on a farm north of Col fax that he operated for six years. In 1900 he came back to town and became identified with John K. Eacho, under the name of Eacho, Larue & Company in the real-estate, insurance and loan business. At the expiration of three years, Mr. Larue purchased the interest of Mr. Eacho, continuing the business alone until 1908, when he took his son, Charles R., into partnership with him, who was, in 1911, elected to the state legislature from Colfax, the seventh district of Whit man county. George W. Larue has met with success in his undertakings and is now president of the Colfax Investment Company, and he was a stockholder and director of the Farmers' State Bank. At Walla Walla on the 16th of October, 1881, Mr. Larue was united in mar riage to Miss Margaret L. Actor, a native of this state and a daughter of Herman C. and Sarah (Davidson) Actor, the father a native of Ohio and the mother of Illinois. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Larue numbers five: Charlotte, who is at home; Charles R., who married Miss Sarah Schulerud and has one son; and Mar garet, George Sterling and Lucille, all of whom are at home. Mr. Larue is a member of the Woodmen of the World, the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the Commercial Club of Colfax. He is a democrat in his political views and takes much interest in all matters pertaining to the develop ment of the municipality, has never prominently participated in governmental affairs, although he did serve as councilman at large. Mr. Larue has been a resi dent of Colfax during the greater part of the time for twenty-seven years, and is widely known throughout the county, where he has many friends who hold him in high esteem. DANIEL W. TRUAX. Daniel W. Truax, who is now following the business of banking, has been prom inently identified, as a successful farmer, merchant and postmaster for several terms, with the business interests of Tekoa, Whitman county, since 1883, and in deed is the founder of the town, which he laid out in 1888. He was born in Mon treal, Canada, December 23, 1830, the son of Caleb and Elizabeth (Kendrick) DANIEL W. TRUAX SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 327 Truax, the former a native of New York state and the latter of Ireland. The an cestors of the subject of this review are traced back to Holland whence members of the family emigrated to America, settling in the state of New York in 1620. John Truax, the grandfather on the paternal side, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. In 1836 Daniel W. Truax went to live with his grandmother, who resided in the state of New York, and there he attended school until 1845, when he began working on his father's farm in that state, continuing so to do until 1849, when his parents removed to Minnesota, where the father took up a homestead. The son con tinued at home assisting his father with the farm work until the spring of 1853, when he settled on a quarter section of homestead land and began cultivating it. In 1855 he built a sawmill on his homestead and carried on the sawmill business in connection with his farming until 1857, when he sold his holdings there and re moved to Wininger, Minnesota, where he again engaged in the sawmill business, a vocation which he followed until 1861, when he removed to Hastings, Minnesota, and again engaged in the sawmill business. There he remained until 1883, when he moved to Whitman county, Washington, and bought forty acres where Tekoa now stands. He engaged in the lumber business under the firm name of the Truax Lum ber Company but in 1886 he sold out his lumber business and two years later laid out the town of Tekoa. In 1890 he entered the field of banking, becoming the vice president of the First Bank of Tekoa. He also embarked in the mercantile business in partnership with George D. Brown under the firm name of George D. Brown & Company, the title later being changed to that of the Tekoa Mercantile Company. In 1906 he sold out his mercantile interests, having disposed of his banking interests in 1894. On August 25, 1902, he incorporated the Tekoa State Bank, of which he became the president, in which position he is now serving. One of the activities which distinguished Mr. Truax while engaged in the mercantile business was a plan inaugurated by him and his partner during the hard times following 1893. They furnished their customers with one hundred dollar coupons which entitled them to that amount of credit at the store, agreeing at the same time to accept all the butter and eggs their customers could supply. This proved a satisfactory arrangement all around, the firm being protected by the country produce receipts and the customers who were in hard straits were thus given an opportunity to secure much needed supplies. At Hastings, Minnesota, in 1853, Mr. Truax was married to Miss Mary A. Truax, who was born in New York, a daughter of Guirshom and Deborah Truax, both of whom were natives of the state of New York. To Daniel W. and Mary A. Traux four children have been born. Byron F., of Tekoa, who is married and has three children. Amelia E., deceased, who married J. D. Dull by whom she had one child, a son. Viola E., who became the wife of Fred Kramer who was acci dentally killed just after marriage. She later married John MacKenzie, by whom she has a daughter. Oscar C, now deceased, who married Miss Sadie Wercinck, and they became the parents of one son. The second marriage of Mr. Truax was celebrated in Tekoa in 1895, when he wedded Miss Mary A. Anderson, a native of Scotland. The political allegiance of Mr. Truax is given to the republican party, in which he takes an active interest, having filled several important positions of public trust. He has served as mayor of Wininger, Minnesota, and for three terms filled the office of postmaster of Tekoa, also serving as a member of the school board, as justice of vol. m— 17 328 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE the peace for twelve years and United States commissioner for three years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being a past master of the Blue lodge, has filled all the official chairs of the chapter and also belongs to the commandery and the Mystic Shrine. It is not remarkable that a man so intimately connected with the business and fraternal life of Tekoa and Whitman county should have an ex tended acquaintance throughout the entire county, where he is known intimately by nearly all the people. The business success which in so large a degree has crowned his efforts has been attained in like measure by few other men in Whitman county. Possessing a broad knowledge of human nature, being of a genial disposition, and having large executive ability as well as an unusual mastery of detail, he has been enabled to overcome many apparently unsurmountable obstacles in his path and to render effective service to the people of Whitman county in the days when such service was of peculiar necessity. The success which he has attained has enabled him in later years to be of material benefit to large numbers of worthy people with whom he has come in contact and makes him today a potent factor in the advance ment of the interests of Tekoa and community. He is an honored and popular mem ber of the fraternity to which he belongs and throughout the social and business circles of Tekoa is held in the highest respect and esteem. GARDNER CHAMBERLIN. While the real-estate operations of Gardner Chamberlin are extensive, he is chiefly handling only his own properties. He was one who recognized the oppor tunities of the west and in their improvement has reached a conspicuous, honorable and enviable position in business circles. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, February 10, 1863, a son of Seth and Sophia Long (Dean) Chamberlin, who were natives of New Hampshire and Massachusetts respectively, and of English and French descent. Members of the Chamberlin family took part in the war for inde pendence and one of the brothers of Seth Chamberlin was a soldier of the Civil war. The first of the Dean family in America came to the new world prior to the revolu tion and many of them took an active part in that war. An uncle of Sophia Long Dean founded the academy at Franklin, Massachusetts, while one of her brothers aided in the defense of the Union in the Civil war. The father of our subject was a wholesale dry-goods merchant and importer, carrying on business for many years on the same site where his father was located, this being on Kilby street, opposite the Mason building in Boston. The name of the firm of which he was a member was Little, Chamberlin & Company. For several years prior to his death lie lived retired, however, and made his home with his sons in Spokane. The death of Seth Chamberlin occurred October 6, 1903, and his wife had preceded him in death July 14, 1878. She was a sister of Mrs. William Pettet, of Spokane. Dr. Theodore Chamberlin, a brother of Gardner Chamberlin, is a graduate of Harvard and is now living in Concord, Massachusetts, being one of the faculty o' Middlesex school there. Another brother, Frederick Dean Chamberlin, also a grad uate of Harvard, took a prominent part in civic affairs and worked earnestly for the welfare of Spokane. He was associated with his brother Gardner in looking after his interests here and in connection with other pioneers organized the Electric Light Company of Spokane in the fall of 1886, others interested being H. L. Cutter, Frank SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 329 Rockwood Moore and William Pettet. These gentlemen promoted the interests of the company until it was merged into the Washington Water Power Company, Frederick Dean Chamberlin having served as its secretary. He died June 12. 1904, and in his passing Spokane lost one whose labors constituted a vital force in progress here from pioneer times. Gardner Chamberlin was educated in Boston, attending Charles W. Stone's private school, now located on Beacon street but then located on Temple place. He entered a broker's office there but in response to his brother's urgent plea came to Spokane in 1887. Together they engaged in the commission business on Riverside avenue but sold out in the fall of 1888, the business which they estab lished gradually developing into that now conducted under the name of Greenough Brothers. On retiring from the commission business Gardner Chamberlin con centrated his efforts upon the control and management of his own property in terests and since the death of his brother has been engaged in that work alone. He owns property at the northeast corner of Post and Riverside, at the southeast corner of Lincoln and Riverside, at the northwest corner of Sprague and Lincoln and has other holdings in both residence and warehouse property. He is also a director in the Spokane & Eastern Trust Company and one of its largest stock holders and is financially interested in the Washington Water Power Company. Making investments in property here at an early day, his holdings have con stantly increased in value, making him one of the wealthy residents of Spokane. Mr. Chamberlin is a member of Spokane Lodge of Elks, No. 228, also of the Spokane Club, the Spokane Country Club, the Spokane Tennis Club and the Chamber of Commerce. He is secretary and treasurer of the Spokane Humane Society, succeeding his brother, Frederick Dean, upon his death in 1904, who had al ways been active in its behalf and to whose efforts much of its present success is due. He attends All Saints church and votes with the republican party but his activity in political circles is only that of a good citizen. He had the sagacity to discern what the future had in store for this great and growing western country and in the fullness of time he has gathered the harvest of his labors. JAMES W. MORRISON. James W. Morrison is one of the enterprising real-estate men of Spokane who have made a close study of the condition of the real-estate market and have there fore been able to meet the situations which have arisen and to improve the op portunities which have offered. He is far-sighted and progressive in all his busi ness movements and his labors have proven of marked benefit to the development of the city. He was born near Titusville, Pennsylvania, May 14, 1850, a son of John B. and Margaret (McMaster) Morrison. The father was an agriculturist and merchant, but after the discovery of oil at Titusville was engaged in that business until 1864, when he moved to Kingsville, Ohio, where his death occurred. He was well known throughout the northwestern part of Pennsylvania and in Ohio as a thoroughly reliable business man. James W. Morrison acquired his education in the public schools in Pennsyl vania and later at the Kingsville Academy, of Kingsville, Ohio. After graduating 330 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE from the latter institution he was engaged for a short time in agricultural pursuits and in 1877 removed to Sibley, Iowa where for fourteen years he was engaged in the farm implement, hardware and grain business. During his residence in Sibley he took a prominent part in civic affairs. He served as mayor of the city for two terms and also as justice of the peace throughout the time he resided there. On account of ill health he disposed of his interests in that town and in the spring of 1891 removed to Washington, locating at Kettle Falls, Stevens county. He devoted his whole time and attention to regaining his health and did not enter into business until he removed to Spokane in 1893. Since he arrived in this city he has been engaged in the real-estate, farm-mortgage and insurance business and is one of the leaders in the real-estate and insurance circles of Spokane. He lists property throughout the northwest and British Columbia. At Jesup, Iowa, Mr. Morrison was married to Miss Mattie Stage, a daughter of James and Martha Stage. To their union two children have been born: Cline J., who is in business with his father; and Earl W. who is now studying archi tecture in Chicago. The latter has displayed remarkable talent in his profession and while a boy in the public schools of Spokane designed some of the most at tractive residences in this city, one being for William C. Winters and one for E. T. Hay, a brother of the present governor. Later he designed the home of A. T. Johnson which was recently disposed of for thirty thousand dollars. He is now but twenty-three years of age, and he intends, after completing his technical course in Chicago, January 1, to open an independent office. Mr. Morrison has always given his support to the republican party. In addi tion to the offices he held in Sibley he took an active part in political affairs in Washington. While a resident of that state he was nominated by acclamation for the state senate on the republican ticket, but was defeated by a close margin of twelve votes through the fusion of the democratic and populist parties. Since coming to Spokane he has not taken an active interest in politics nor held public office. Prompted by a laudable ambition, his labors have at all times been char acterized by thoroughness, and by his mastery of tasks undertaken Mr. Morrison has made creditable advance in business circles and is accorded recognition by leading business men as one who deserves classification in their ranks. JOSHUA MILES PALMERTON. Joshua M. Palmerton, well known as a grain dealer and undertaker at Pull man, Whitman county, manifests in his commercial interests the activity and busi ness enterprise which are characteristic of the age. He was born in Licking county, Ohio, on the 31st of October, 1850, his parents being Miles and Mary J. (Seaman) Palmerton, both natives of New York state. He is a grandson of Joshua Palmerton, a descendant of the family prominent in Revolutionary times. When Joshua M. was one year of age his parents removed to Illinois, and during his childhood he attended the public schools in that state until 1859, when he was taken by his parents to Missouri. In that state he continued his studies until 1861 when with his parents he returned to Illinois, there completing his educa- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 331 tion. In 1867 he again went to Missouri and while there assisted in the cultiva tion of the home farm. He remained in that state until 1875 when he located on Rebel Flat, Whitman county, Washington, and again engaged in agricultural pur suits. Upon his arrival in Washington he immediately began taking an active interest in the agricultural possibilities which it presented, and one year after he came he took up a homestead of one hundred and twenty acres on Rebel Flat, six miles south of Colfax. He proved up his claim and resided upon it until 1889. In that year he removed to Pullman where he owned six acres of land, and at once entered the employ of the J. H. Bellinger Grain Company, having charge of their warehouse. The following year he improved his property in town and also added to his real-estate holdings. Later he engaged in the hotel business, building the Artesian Hotel, and in 1892 erected the present Artesian Hotel which he conducted until 1898. During that time he studied the undertaking business, and at present is conducting an undertaking establishment. In 1911 he bought grain for the Farmers' Union Grain Company, and throughout his career in Pull man has been interested in real estate. His activities have extended also into other lines, and he was one of the organizers of the Pullman Bottling & Cold Storage Company. On the 9th of April, 1874, Mr. Palmerton was married to Miss Lily C. Layman of Virginia, a daughter of John D. and Ann C. (Ringer) Layman, natives of Vir ginia and Maryland respectively. To their union four children have been born: George M., of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, who is married and has one son; William J., also of Coeur d'Alene, who is married and has one daughter; Birdie, who is mar ried to Robert Hughes of Honolulu and is the mother of one daughter; and Nellie M., who resides in Seattle. In politics Mr. Palmerton gives his support to the republican party and has been active in its circles. He has served as a member of the school board for nearly twenty years, and was at one time a member of the council. His inter ests are always along the lines which tend to moral and educational advancement, and during the time the liquor question was a political issue he gave his enthusi astic and ardent support in opposition to the admission of saloons into Pullman. He holds membership in the Pullman Chamber of Commerce. Fraternally he be longs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and to the Woodmen of the World, in which order he has occupied all the chairs in his local camp. He is a progressive and wide-awake citizen, always on the alert for and ready to incor porate in his business the most modern methods, and they have not only enabled him to attain prosperity but have also won him a high place in the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens. CHARLES OSTON WORLEY. Well known among the successful men of Whitman county, Washington, is Charles Oston Worley, formerly banker, hardware merchant and Indian agent, who is now living retired. He was born in Peoria, Illinois, July 18, 1854, a son of John J. and Sarah (Bradford) Worley, both natives of Ohio. The parents re moved to Nebraska territory in 1856, where the father conducted an Indian trad- 332 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE ing store and Charles attended school. In 1864, while the father was in the army and the family were left unprotected at home, they were driven out of the town by the Indians. On account of the unsettled conditions in Nebraska at that early day the family removed to Ohio, where our subject continued his schooling until 1869, when his parents returned to the west, settling in Kansas. There he as sisted his father with the duties on the farm and attended the common schools. Later he became a student in the academy at Council Grove and subsequently en tered the State Normal School at Emporia for one year. In 1875 he journeyed to California where he was employed in mill and factory work until the fall of 1877, when he returned to Kansas and entered upon agricultural pursuits until 1882. In that year, the west again beckoning him, Mr. Worley went to Rockford, Spokane county, Washington, and began working at the carpenter's trade and later engaged in' steam engineering. In 1884 he again returned to Kansas, bringing his parents back with him to Rockford, where he continued to follow the carpenter's trade until 1896, when he was appointed by the government as steam engineer on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation. He then took up his residence upon the reserva tion and continued in his appointed position until 1901, the year in which he was given the position of sub-agent of the reservation. He performed his duties faith fully and satisfactorily and continued in that connection until July, 1905, at which time he was appointed superintendent of the reservation, a position which he held until August, 1909, when he resigned to engage in the banking and hardware business in Tekoa, to which place the Indian agency had been removed in 1907. Upon his resignation of the office of superintendent he was appointed United States commissioner, a position which he still holds. After being connected with the bank in which he was first interested until 1911, he sold out, but still retains his interest in the hardware business in Tekoa. He was also vice president and a stockholder and director of the Citizens Bank of Tekoa. Mr. Worley was married in Kansas, August 22, 1878, to Miss Maydee Wash burn, a native of Iowa and daughter of Sylvester and Emmeline (Little) Wash burn, both of whom were born in Illinois. To this union were born three chil dren: Lawrence, who is at home; and Frank and William, both deceased. The political allegiance of Mr. Worley is given to the republican party, in the affairs of which he takes considerable interest. He is now president of the Tekoa school board and while in Kansas was a member of the city council of Osage City and deputy sheriff and county treasurer of Osage county. In his fraternal relations he is a member of the Masonic lodge, of which he is past master, and belongs to Tekoa Chapter, No. 18, R. A. M., of which he has been secretary. He is identi fied with the Woodmen of the World and has occupied all the official chairs of that order, and also belongs to the Knights and Ladies of Security. Both Mr. and Mrs. Worley are members of the Christian church, of which he is a trustee and in which the family take an active interest, assisting materially in supporting the church work and aiding in many ways to make it effective in the upbuilding of the religious interests of Tekoa. The success in business life which enabled Mr. Worley to retire at a compar atively early age came not by chance but as a result of wisely directed endeavors throughout his business career, coupled with those fundamental necessities for success — industry, economy and ambition. He may truly be said to be a self-made SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 333 man, as he started out in life with nothing but his own hands, a courageous spirit and a healthy body to make his way in the world. During his residence in Tekoa he has by his uniformly honorable methods and square dealing earned the confi dence and respect as well as the friendship of a very large proportion of the people of Whitman county and he is held in high esteem by all who know him. LUCIUS T. BENHAM. Lucius T. Benham is numbered among the influential residents of Spokane, where for some years he has been engaged in the wholesale grocery business, ac tive in control of what was the first wholesale house in the Inland Empire. He was born October 29, 1847, in Ridgeville, Lorain county, Ohio, the son of Lewis and Elizabeth (Means) Benham, natives of Ohio and of Indiana respectively. The ancestral line is traced back to Thomas Benham, a soldier of the Revolution ary war, who was born in Connecticut in 1759 and died in Ohio in 1830. In 1811 he removed to that state making his way by ox team and encountering all the hardships, privations and innumerable dangers, with which at that time such trips through sparsely settled, practically roadless country were fraught — a coun try still infested with the hostile bands of the original inhabitants who looked toward the oncoming of the white brothers none too friendly. Back of him the line goes to John Benham, who with his two sons came from England to America on the 30th of May, 1630, as a passenger on the ship Mary and John. Lewis Benham was born August 5, 1818, and his life record covered the intervening years to 1888. His wife still survives and is now living in Cascade, Iowa, in her eight.y-second year. She is a representative of an old American family of English lineage and her parents removed from Virginia to Indiana. In the family of Lewis and Elizabeth Benham were seven children, of whom one died in childhood, while Alice, Isabel and William H. are also deceased. The brothers of our sub ject still living are: Albert, who is treasurer of Benham & Griffith Co., and Ray mond S., who is engaged in business in Chicago. The removal of the family to Cascade, Iowa, was followed by Lucius T. Ben- ham's attendance in the public schools of that place and by a further course of study in Cornell College at Mount Vernon, Iowa. He started out in the business world in the fall of 1861, when a youth of fourteen years, securing a clerkship in the postoffice and in a general store at Cascade. For three years he devoted his time to that work, after which he went to Chicago and entered the employ of Lemuel Barber & Son, the partners of whom were his uncle and cousin. They were in the wholesale grocery and liquor business and with that house Mr. Benham re mained until 1868, when he returned to Iowa, settling at Canton, where he es tablished a general mercantile store. It was during the period of his residence there that Mr. Benham was mar ried in June, 1868, to Miss Mary G. Trumbull, a daughter of G. W. Trumbull, of Canton, and a member of an old American family. She died in Spokane in 1889, leaving a daughter, Katherine I., now the wife of Austin Corbin II, of this city. 334 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Mr. Benham continued a resident of Canton, Iowa, until 1870, when he re moved to Kansas City, Missouri, where he was engaged in the wholesale liquor business for two years. Following the Chicago fire he went to that city in the fall of 1871 and there continued in the wholesale business until January, 1889, when he came to Spokane and joined forces with T. S. Griffith in organizing the firm of Benham & Griffith, proprietors of the first wholesale house in the Inland Empire. In this business he has since continued and his progressive and enter prising methods and straightforward dealing have constituted the basis of a suc cess which places him with the wealthy residents of the city. He was also for several years a director and stockholder in the Exchange National Bank, of Spo kane. He is a man of considerable local influence, well fitted by nature for leadership. His opinions, carry weight because his sagacity is keen and his judgment is sound, and men have learned to know that what Lucius T. Benham says he will do. He gives his political allegiance to the democratic party but is not an active worker in its ranks. He belongs, however, to the Chamber of Commerce and is much in terested in all that pertains to the development of the city, cooperating with the Chamber in all of its various projects to promote the upbuilding of Spokane and give publicity to its resources and its opportunities. ROBERT EASSON. No history of Spokane would be complete without mention of Robert Easson, who was one of the most popular, respected and worthy residents of the city, re liable in business and active in his cooperation in all progressive public movements. He was born in Dundee, Scotland, February 1, 1847. His father, Robert Easson, Sr., was a wholesale grocer, and the son received a thorough business education and training. His more specifically literary education was acquired in private schools of Edinburgh and of Paris. He came to the United States in 1870 and secured employment in a large wholesale grocery house in Chicago, devoting ten years of his life to the task of mastering the principles and details of that business. On the expiration of that period he went to Omaha, accepting a position with the large house of Paxton, Gallagher & Company. His ability soon won him recognition and he was admitted as junior member of the firm and eventually became the managing partner. Under his able direction and control the business of the firm was in creased from two hundred thousand to two million dollars per year. Thinking to find a still broader field of labor and wider opportunities in the rapidly developing Pacific coast country Mr. Easson came to Spokane in 1890 and here established the wholesale grocery house of Hale & Easson. The firm built up a large business and prospered but the panic of 1893 came on and the company went into liquidation after paying every liability in full. In 1895, having gotten his financial affairs here into excellent shape again, Mr. Easson accepted an offer from James J. Hogan to go to La Crosse, Wisconsin, and manage his wholesale grocery house. He returned to Spokane in the summer of 1897 to look after his interests here and on the 3d of May, 1898, was elected secretary of the Chamber of Commerce. He regarded Spokane as his permanent place of abode even after ROBERT EASSON SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 337 going to Wisconsin and retained his beautiful residence in Lidgerwood, which he had erected and adorned at a cost of about twelve thousand dollars. From time to time he made investment in enterprises and business projects in the northwest, be coming owner of one-fifth interest in the Slocan Boy mines and also had other min ing interests in the Okanogan. On the 12th of March, 1874, in Chicago, Mr. Easson was united in marriage to Miss Bella Donaldson, a daughter of Hiram and Agnes Donaldson. Unto this marriage were born four children: George, who is now deceased; Bella, the wife of Sidney McClintock; Jessie; and Sanford. The eldest son accepted the offer of a fine position in Hong Kong, China, and the family had just received a letter in forming them of his safe arrival there when the father's death occurred. Later the son also passed away. In September, 1898, Mr. Easson went to Lewiston, Idaho, with the Chamber of Commerce excursion. His sudden death was the result of a stroke of apoplexy. Perhaps no better estimate of his character and of the high regard entertained for him wherever he was known can be given than in quoting from the Spokesman Review which in its comment on his demise said: "Within ten minutes after the death of Mr. Easson mourning streamers were stretched across the streets and draped over the arch of welcome by the Lewiston people. Through the local tele phone exchange and by special committee every place of business in Lewiston was notified of the appalling event and the proprietors immediately closed their doors. Tears clouded the vision of strong men and a sense of personal bereavement was seen in every woman's face. The citizens of Lewiston draped the train in black and attached the sad words 'We mourn our loss' within a mourning border to each side of the central coach of the train. Knots of crepe were added to the badges of the excursionists and worn by the people of Lewiston. Spokane's sorrow was Lewis- ton's sorrow, Spokane's loss was Lewiston's loss. The two cities were united in the one bond of grief. In an hour the remains of Mr. Easson were prepared for removal to Spokane. It was a mournful procession that formed for the home ward journey. Eight physicians including Dr. Olmstead and Dr. Grove of Spo kane and Dr. Hamilton, Dr. Morris, Dr. Inman and Dr. Shaft of Lewiston, were the pall bearers. They were followed by the Chamber of Commerce and the busi ness men of Lewiston. There was even a greater throng of people surrounding the station to express their sympathy for the afflicted guests than were present to welcome them the day before. At a special meeting of the Spokane Chamber of Commerce called by President E. D. Olmstead on board the Lewiston excursion train the following resolutions were adopted: " 'Whereas, It has pleased Almighty God to His infinite wisdom to call from our midst, without a moment's notice, our beloved associate and esteemed secretary, Robert Easson, " 'Whereas, He was taken from us when flushed and happy over the grand success of the Lewiston excursion, knowing and probably realizing full well that the said success was largely if not entirely due to his individual efforts, therefore be it " 'Resolved, that while we bow to the will of the Great Ruler of the Uni verse we fully realize that we have lost our most earnest and faithful worker, that Spokane has suffered an irreparable loss in a loyal friend who was always ready 338 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE to devote his entire time and wonderful energy to any project whose aim was to ad vance the welfare of his adopted home. " 'Resolved, that Spokane Chamber of Commerce extend to the bereaved widow and family their heartfelt sympathy and condolence.' " Thus passed from this life a citizen whom Spokane felt that she could illy afford to lose. He had proven his worth and ability in many ways and had at all times commanded the good will and confidence of his fellowmen because his Ufe was up right and honorable, his actions manly and sincere and his principles high. He held friendship inviolable, was devoted to the welfare of his family and in a word possessed all of the admirable characteristics of the upright man and citizen. Mr. Easson deserves the credit without doubt of being the originator of the Spo kane's fight for just freight rates. Early in 1891 he was one of the men who started Spokane's first freight rate contest before the Interstate Commerce Com mission. That first hearing secured Spokane the first and best decision it ever received before the commission. This case resulted in a decisive victory for Spo kane but as is well known was set aside by a decision of the United States supreme court. When James J. Hill of the Great Northern Railroad approached Spokane with a proposition to give that city terminal rates in exchange for a cash payment and donation of lands for a right of way, Mr. Easson was one of the most active members of the committee to secure the necessary money and property to accom plish the ends that Mr. Hill had promised, and to no one in the city was it a greater disappointment than to Mr. Easson when Hill repudiated his part of the verbal contract and refused to carry out what he had promised in regard to terminal rates. He was the only one who argued and insisted that Hill and the city of Spokane should have a written contract but the other members of the committee over-ruled what afterward proved to be sound judgment on his part. To Mr. Easson's credit, be it said, that he was the only man in the city of Spokane who had the moral cour age to tell James J. Hill to his face that he had deceived and betrayed the people of Spokane in refusing to carry out his promise. After the failure to put in ter minal rates as promised, Mr. Easson again took up the agitation to secure for Spo kane what was its just due, and up to the time of his death he never ceased to agi tate this question and to enlist the support of his neighbors to push this case to a finish. To mention Mr. Easson's service in this matter, probably nothing better can be said than that through his efforts the services of some men in Spokane were enlisted in this fight twenty years ago who have never laid down the burden, and many of these men who were close personal friends of Robert Easson have felt his spirit was with them through the many years they have waged this contest for justice and right. WILLIAM MARTIN DUNCAN. William Martin Duncan, who is at present ably discharging his duties as county treasurer of Whitman county, was born in Vallejo, California, on the 7th of July, 1872, and is a son of Robert and Mary B. (Martin) .Duncan, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Iowa. His grandfathers were Samuel SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 339 Duncan of Pennsylvania and George W. Martin, of New Hampshire. The par ents came to Whitman county from California in 1877, and in the country schools of Washington William M. Duncan acquired his early education. Subsequently he entered the State College of Washington and was graduated with a degree of B. S. in the class of 1900. The year following his graduation he taught school, and the next year accepted a clerical position in the general merchandise store of R. B. Bragg & Company of Pullman. In both of these positions he exhibited a ready spirit to work and an ability to master the essential details of his under takings. In 1907 he was elected county auditor to which office he was reelected in 1909. Two years later he was elected to the office of county treasurer of Whit man county. In November, 1906, in Pullman, Washington, William M. Duncan was mar ried to Miss Almeda Smith, of Iowa, a daughter of W. H. and Mattie (Schull) Smith, the former a native of Arkansas and the latter of North Carolina. To their union one child, Emogene, has been born. Politically Mr. Duncan is a mem ber of the republican party, firmly believing its policies to be most conducive to good government. He has rendered his party much valuable service and has been one of its ablest supporters in the county. In the various offices to which he has been elected upon the nomination of the members of his party he has more than won their approval for the able conduct of his duties. He holds membership in the Moscow Lodge, No. 249, B. P. O. E., Colfax Lodge, No. 4, Knights of Pyth ias, and in the Christian church of Colfax. His business ability and genial man ner enable Mr. Duncan to meet the requirements of his office and serve the public in a satisfactory manner. In the fraternal and social circles with which he is connected he is highly esteemed, and the number of his friends is almost as large as is that of his acquaintances. GRANVILLE BOND CARTER. Granville B. Carter, early recognizing the fact that success and prosperity have their foundations in persistent, honorable and intelligently directed labor, has worked his way upward, his rise marked at every step by achievement. He is well known in Colfax since he is acting as sheriff of Whitman county. He was born in Adams county, Illinois, on the 27th of October, 1854, a son of Joseph W. and Rachael (Dorsett) Carter, natives of Pennsylvania and North Carolina re spectively, and a grandson of John and Lindsey (Dorsett) Carter, also of Penn sylvania and North Carolina. Mr. Carter acquired his education in the district schools of Illinois, but be cause of his father's death when he was a lad of but seven years, he found it nec essary to put aside his text-books at an early age and contribute to the main tenance of the family home. Until 1873 he assisted his brothers in the manage ment of the home farm, but at that time he rented property for a year, after which he again worked on the home farm. In 1878 he rented land in Iowa and was en gaged in its cultivation until the next year, when he removed to Missouri where he again took up agricultural pursuits until the spring of 1881. At that time he crossed the plains with teams, the trip consuming three months and five days, and 340 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE located in the state of Washington, northeast of Colfax. In that district he en tered a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres, and when he entered upon its possession but two dollars and fifty cents remained of his capital upon which to support himself during the following winter. He immediately began improving his land and until 1893 was actively engaged in its cultivation. In that year he removed to Alberta, Canada, where he farmed on four hundred and eighty acres of land for three years before returning to Whitman county. Here he again en gaged in agricultural pursuits, and was thus occupied for three years when he was appointed deputy sheriff. He remained in this office for three years before entering upon a business career and engaged in the sale of implements for two years. Fol lowing that he again served as deputy sheriff from 1904 to 1906. In the latter year he engaged in the fuel business and conducted that until his election in 1909 to the office of sheriff of Whitman county. He was reelected and is at present serving his second term. In his agricultural pursuits, business undertakings and public offices he has always maintained the strictest integrity, and his diligent application to the duties which have devolved upon him, and the regard he has always held for the opinion and interests of others have won him many loyal supporters and firm friends. On March 18, 1874, Mr. Carter was married in Quincy, Illinois, to Miss Mary E. Shepherd, of Indiana, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James Shepherd. To theii union four children have been born: Grace, who is married to George L. Corner of Colfax, and has one daughter ; Edgar, who is living in Idaho ; Hattie, who is the wife of D. V. Emmons of Colfax and the mother of one son; and Arthur, a resident of Idaho. Mr. Carter gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is con versant with the leading issues of the day. In the offices to which that party has elected him he has won the confidence and regard of his fellow voters. In relig ious faith he is a Methodist, and in the. church of that denomination he is serving as district steward. He also holds membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. As one of the prominent officials of Whitman county he justly deserves mention in this volume for he has always been interested in and an earnest advo cate of everything that pertains to public advancement and development. FRANK JOSEPH MAHONEY For over a quarter of a century Frank Joseph Mahoney has been identified with the commercial interests of Whitman county and is now actively engaged in the real-estate and seed business. He was born in Dodge county, Wisconsin, September 13, 1866, the son of David and Ellen (Barrett) Mahoney, both of whom were natives of Massachusetts. The early education of Mr. Mahoney was acquired in the public schools ot Wisconsin, which he attended until 1878, when his mother moved to Iowa. 1" that state he pursued a course in the high school, after which, in 1884, he began learning the carpenter's trade. In 1886, having become interested in the prosper ity of the great northwest, he journeyed to Washington and settled at Colfax, Whitman county, where he continued working at his trade until 1890. In that SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 341 year he removed to Tekoa and worked at his trade until 1891, when he rented two hundred acres of land adjoining the town site and engaged in the dairy busi ness in partnership with Peter Brown under the firm name of Mahoney & Brown. This business he continued until 1893, when he sold out his interest therein and entered the grocery and bakery business in partnership with Charles H. James, the firm name being James & Mahoney. The business was continued in partner ship for a time, when Mr. Mahoney bought the interest of his partner and con tinued the enterprise independently until the spring of 1895, when he sold out and engaged in the real-estate business, a line in which he has since continued. Since he has been engaged in the real-estate business Mr. Mahoney has been par ticularly active in connection with the civic affairs of Tekoa. In 1896, in company with his brother, E. W. Mahoney, he purchased the Tekoa Lighting Plant and ran it under the name of the Mahoney Light & Power Company until 1907, when he sold their interests. In that year he laid out two city subdivisions, one known as the F. J. Mahoney sub-division of Lombard's addition to Tekoa, and the other, the Mahoney-Lieb addition. In 1910 he founded the Cecil Vincent Seed Com pany, of which he is still the proprietor. He is a stockholder in the Citizens State Bank and holds membership in the Spokane Chamber of Commerce. On January 11, 1907, in Modale, Iowa, Mr. Mahoney w"as married to Miss Mayme H. Kirlin, a daughter of Michael and Mary (Donohue) Kirlin, both na tives of Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Mahoney are the parents of five children, Cecil Vincent, Hilma Lucille, Mildred Veronica, Marian Raymohda and Mary Virginia. The political allegiance of Mr. Mahoney is given to the democratic party and he has served as city clerk and councilman of Tekoa. Fraternally he belongs to the Knights of Columbus and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He is a member of the Catholic church, in which he is also a trustee. His protracted resi dence in Whitman county, together with his active business carer and his uniformly honorable and able methods have long since made him one of the leading business men and promoters of Tekoa and given him a wide acquaintance throughout the county. He belongs to that progressive class who are contributing largely by brain and brawn to advance still further the already large business and commer cial interests of the northwest, and his faith in this great section is not restricted by metes and bounds. His prosperous business life has been the result of his own well directed efforts along those lines of industry, economy and prudence which characterize the able business men of this age. He is indeed a valuable citizen and commands the confidence and respect of the community at large. WILLIAM ANSON INMAN. William Anson Inman, for thirty-two years a resident of Colfax, where he has been prominently identified with the practice of law and the city's judiciary de partment, was born in Alabama on the 22d of January, 1843. His parents were William Ritchie and Minerva (Kellogg) Inman, both natives of Tennessee, but the paternal line is of Scotch extraction. The father's mother's family, the Ritchies, and also the Inmans, trace their descent back to the early colonial days. 342 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE William Anson Inman accompanied his parents on their removal in 1848 from his native state to Indiana, the schools of which he attended until 1856. Owing to the death of his parents he then went to Missouri to make his home with an older sister, continuing his education in the schools of Springfield, that state, until 1859. Laying aside his text-books he then entered a printing office to learn the trade, but withdrew from this in 1861 to go to the war. He enlisted on the 19th of December in Company H, Phelps Missouri Infantry, and went to the front, being discharged in May, 1862. On July 4 of that year he reenlisted in the Eighth Missouri Volunteer Cavalry, serving until October, 1864. During that time he was promoted from second lieutenant to first lieutenant and captain, being in command of his company during the last eighteen months of his service. In February, 1865, he went to Arkansas to become superintendent of the Freed- men's Bureau, in which capacity he served until August, 1868. He was subse quently appointed prosecuting attorney of the district of Jonesboro, holding this office until December, 1868, when he was appointed prosecuting attorney of the third judicial district at Batesville, Arkansas, serving until February, 1875. In July of that year Mr. Inman located in Seattle, Washington, and there engaged in the practice of law until February, 1877, when he removed to Port Townsend, where he became associated with Charles M. Bradshaw, under the firm name of Bradshaw & Inman, with whom he practiced until November, 1879. On the 6th of December of that year he arrived in Colfax, and here established an office that he has ever since maintained, being one of the oldest practicing attorneys in the city. Mr. Inman has been married twice, his first union having been with Miss Han nah A. Crosson of Illinois, the ceremony being performed in Arkansas on the 17th of April, 1865. Mrs. Inman, who passed away in January, 1900, was a daughter of G. B. and Rebecca (Buchanan) Crosson, the father a native of Ohio and the mother of Illinois. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Inman: Maggie, who married H. C. Blair, of Spokane, Washington; William C, who is a resident of Seattle; Roy C, who is living in Portland; and Frank K., a resident of Spokane. In March, 1901, Mr. Inman was again married, his union being with Mrs. M. 11. (McClellan) Donnelly, of Ohio. Politically Mr. Inman is a republican. He has held several public offices dur ing the long period of his residence in Colfax, having been probate judge from 1880 to 1882, while in 1889 he was reappointed to the same office, which he held for two years, being the last probate judge of the county. In 1898 he was made prosecuting attorney, being connected with this office until 1901, while he has been United States commissioner since 1886. He has also held the offices of city clerk, school director and school clerk, his public duties ever having been discharged with a rare sense of conscientious obligation. Mr. Inman is prominently identified with a large number of fraternal orders, his oldest connection being with the Independ ent Order of Odd Fellows, which he joined in 1869, his membership being in Lodge, No. 4, I. O. O. F., Batesville, Arkansas. He also belongs to Colfax Lodge, No. 73, United Artisans, in which he has been an officer since its organization, while he has been an officer of Colfax Lodge, No. 14, Ancient Order of United Workmen, since 1881, and is a past grand master workman. The Loyal Order of Moose, Colfax Lodge, No. 691, also claims him as a member. He has always been one of the prominent G. A. R. men of the town, being identified with Nathaniel Lyon Post) SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 343 No. 19, of which he was once an officer, and he is now a member of the council of administration of this organization for the state of Washington. Both Mr. and Mrs. Inman are active members of the Congregational church, of which the former at the present time serves as clerk. Mr. Inman has been the in terested observer of many changes in the town during the long period of his resi dence here, as well as a prominent factor in the promotion of its development. JOHN CALVIN NORTHRUP. John Calvin Northrup, who engages in the real-estate business and is also extensively interested in mines in this vicinity, has been a resident of Palouse for more than twenty-two years, during which period he has been identified with various local enterprises. He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, on the 23d of December, 1855, and is a son of John W. and Phoebe (Pine) Northrup, the father a native of Georgia and the mother of Canada. In the paternal line, John Calvin Northrup is descended from a long line of colonial ancestors, his family having come to this country as passengers on the Mayflower. His parents re moved from their Michigan home to Walla Walla, Washington, in 1860, crossing the plains with a wagon and ox-teams, and spending six months en route. They resided in this state for eleven years, but at the expiration of that period, in 1871, they went to Idaho. There the father acquired some land in the vicinity of Mos cow, and turned his attention to agricultural pursuits with a goodly measure of success. John Calvin Northrup, who was only a lad of five years when his people came to Washington and a youth of sixteen when they removed to Idaho, began his education in the public schools of the former state and continued the same in those of Idaho. He later supplemented his general learning by a business course, paying for his tuition by doing farm work. As is common in the country, he began assisting with the work of the ranch while still a young lad, his duties in creasing as his strength developed. In 1874 he became associated with his father in agricultural pursuits, this connection continuing until he attained his majority. He then homesteaded one hundred and sixty acres of land and began ranching on his own account. When his efforts in this direction became remunerative, he in 1878 extended his activities by engaging in the lumber business in the vicinity of Moscow. During the succeeding eleven years he conducted his lumber business and operated his ranch. He was one of the pioneers in Latah county and had the distinction of assisting in the erection of the first residence in Moscow. In the spring of 1889 he removed to Palouse to assume the management of a sawmill in which he owned an interest. The following year he engaged in the livery business, but sold out in 1892 in order to devote more of his time and attention to the real- estate business he had opened in 1891. In its development he has met with suc cess, and he is handling a fine line of property and has acquired valuable land. Beside engaging in the real-estate market he has invested quite extensively in min ing property and owns stock in claims that he has every reason to feel assured, will ultimately pay large dividends. 344 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE In Moscow, Idaho, on Christmas day, 1878, Mr. Northrup was united in mar riage to Miss Flora Ashby, of Oregon, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George B. Ashby, both natives of Missouri. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Northrup, as follows: Jesse C, who has passed away leaving one son; Zoe, the wife of H. C. Johnson, of Republic, Washington; Ernest R., of Palouse, who has a son and a daughter ; and Nellie W., who is still at home. Mr. Northrup is a deacon in the Christian church, in which his wife holds membership. Fraternally he belongs to both the Independent Order of Odd Fel lows and has been deputized to the Grand Lodge, and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He has filled all of the chairs in both organizations. He is also affil iated with the Knights and Ladies of Security and has held all of the offices in the local lodge. His political views coincide with the principles of the democratic party, and he casts his ballot in support of the men and measures of this body save in municipal elections when he votes for the man he feels is best adapted to subserve the interests of the community. He takes an active interest in all local affairs, served for eight years as justice of the peace and police judge, while he was a member of the town council for two years, and has also been a member of the school board. Mr. Northrup is a man with high standards of citizenship and upright principles, who loyally and efficiently discharges every duty with which he is entrusted whether of a private or public nature, and is accorded the respect of the community where he has resided for so many years. ROBERT PUGH TURNLEY. The business interests of Rosalia find a most worthy representative in the person of Robert Pugh Turnley, who for nearly twenty years has been conducting a general mercantile establishment here. His endeavors have been directed with more than average foresight and sagacity and have been rewarded with correspond ing success, and as a result he is now prominently' identified with various thriving enterprises in this vicinity. He was born in northern Alabama on the 5th of Au gust, 1862, and is a son of William F. and Mary (Houston) Turnley, the father a native of Virginia and the mother of Alabama. In the paternal line he is de scended from an old colonial family and his great-grandfather was a veteran of the Revolutionary war. The education of Robert Pugh Turnley was commenced in the common schools of his native state and completed at Bethel College, Tennessee, his student days being terminated at the age of seventeen years. In 1879, he began fitting him self for a start in life and during the succeeding two years assisted his father with the cultivation of the farm and the operation of a tannery. At the expiration of that time, in 1881, he left home and went to Arkansas, where he resided for ten years. He first obtained employment as a farm hand at sixteen dollars per month, and later ran an engine in a cotton gin. Having become more or less famil iar with this industry, he in 1883 took charge of a cotton gin belonging to W. "¦ Collier at Spadra, Arkansas. As he proved to be efficient and trustworthy, Mr. Collier later put him in charge of his farm at Clarksville, that state. In I885 he left Mr. Collier's service and returned to Lamar, where he ran Thompson Brothers R. P. TURNLEY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 347 cotton gin for a time and later clerked in their general store. Being a young man of tireless energy and temperate habits, Mr. Turnley had managed to save enough out of his earnings, to start him in business on his account and, in 1887, he and his brother opened a confectionary store. He attended carefully and industri ously to the young enterprise, and as a result their undertaking thrived and from his share of the proceeds, Mr. Turnley acquired enough capital to buy out his brother's interest. He conducted his business alone until 1890, when he disposed of the store and went to Alma, Arkansas, where he organized a general mercantile business. For a brief period the firm was conducted under the name of R. P. Turnley, but he later sold half of his interest to J. T. Jones and the business was thereafter known under the name of Turnley & Jones. He withdrew from the firm in 1891 and went to Haroldton, to assume the management of a large general mercantile store, remaining in charge of this establishment until 1892, when he came to Thornton, this county, to take a similar position with Thompson, Holt & Company. In June of the following year he resigned his position with the latter firm and coming to Rosalia established a general store as a partner of J. F. Thompson. This concern was conducted under the firm name of Thompson & Turnley until 1904, when Mr. Turnley purchased the interest of his partner and has since been operating his business as the sole owner. During the long period of his connection with the commercial interests of Whit man county, Mr. Turnley has established an enviable reputation as a man of not only keen sagacity and sound judgment but of absolute reliability. The methods he pursues in the organization and conduct of any enterprise will bear the closest investigation and scrutiny, and never reveal anything at all detrimental to his reputation. His business is conducted in strict accordance with the highest prin ciples of modern commercialism, and the system he employs has been born of years of practical experience and close observation. That it is adequate and well conceived is manifested by his prosperity, as in addition to his fine establishment in Rosalia he has branches at Maiden and Tekoa. With the development of his business, Mr. Turnley extended his activities in other directions and he is one of the stockholders and also a director and vice president of the Bank of Rosalia and president of the Rosalia Telephone Company and built the first rural line to Pine City. He is also a stockholder and director of the Rosalia Water Company and the Rosalia Creamery Company, both thriving industries. As an organizer and director he has few peers in this section, and his name, mentioned in connection with any undertaking, is sufficient guaranty to prospective investors, who on ac count of it feel sure of its successful development. At Lamar, Arkansas, on the 27th of January, 1887, Mr. Turnley was united in marriage to Miss Laura E. Howard of Georgia, a daughter of Samuel and Victoria (Martin) Howard, natives of the same state. Seven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Turnley, namely: Selma, the wife of E. B. Field, of Tekoa; Robert Pugh, Jr., who is manager of the store at Maiden; and Norma, Howard, Bryan, Madge and Blanche, all of whom are at home. The family affiliate with the Christian church, in which the parents hold mem bership. Fraternally Mr. Turnley is a member of the Modern Woodmen of Amer ica, the Woodmen of the World and the Masonic order. He has attained high rank m the latter lodge and is a member of the shrine. He is a charter member of the Rosalia Business Men's Club, a purely social organization; of the Chamber of Vol. ni— u 348 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Commerce, of which he was formerly president; and he is also a member of the Inland Club of Spokane. Despite the exactions of his extensive interests he does not neglect his civic repsonsibilities and is always willing to assume his share of the civic duties, having represented his ward in the town council for several years, while in 1909 and 1910 he served as mayor. A stanch democrat in his political views, he gives his unqualified indorsement to the men and measures of that party. A man of laudable ambition and strong individuality, by reason of his unswerving determination and ceaseless energy, Mr. Turnley has achieved creditable success, which gives him the added satisfaction of being the result of his own efforts. WILLIAM ANDREW NELSON. William Andrew Nelson, manager of the Colfax branch of the Gilbert Hunt Implement Company, with headquarters in Walla Walla, Washington, was born in Mercer county, Kentucky, September 15, 1877, the son of Andrew S. and Sarah (Burrus) Nelson. The Nelson family was established on the American continent in ante-Revolutionary days and representatives of the family fought in the war which helped to gain independence for the original thirteen colonies. The subject of this review is a grandson of William S. Nelson and Edmund Burrus, who were long identified with the business and social activities of Virginia. William A. Nelson attended the common schools of Kentucky, completing Ms education at the Georgetown College, of Georgetown, Kentucky. In 1896 he began working for a machinery house as traveling salesman but later removed to Colorado and in that state drove a stage from Hotchkiss to Delta. In 1899 he entered the employ of E. H. Dyer & Company, contractors, and was employed in the construc tion of a beet sugar mill at Grand Junction, Colorado. In the fall of the same year he returned to his home in Kentucky, assisting his father in his mercantile business until the spring of 1900, when he removed to Oklahoma and was there engaged in the same line of business until 1902, when he went to Kansas City, Missouri, enter ing the employ of the Dayton Computing Scale Company as traveling salesman. The lure of the west, however, proved too strong for him and in the fall of 1908 he removed to San Francisco, California, and after traveling for some time in that state and seeking good business opportunities he settled in Eugene, Oregon, where he clerked in a men's furnishing store for about a year. In 1904 he removed to Spokane, Washington, where he entered the employ of the International Harvester Company, with which he remained connected until the following year, when he came to Colfax, entering the employ of the Enterprise Implement Company. His services were so satisfactory that in 1906 he became manager of the company. He remained with this firm until 1907, when an opportunity to better his condition, offered with the Colfax Implement Company. He was thus employed until 1908, when he became manager of the Gilbert Hunt Company's branch implement house at Colfax, a position which he still holds. During the period of his career thus far he had been saving his money with commendable thrift and now owns the property upon which his employer's business is built and is also the possessor of property in Spokane. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 349 In Missouri, on December 21, 1903, Mr. Nelson was married to Miss Cora A. Miller, a daughter of Theodore and Sarah Miller, and to this union one daughter, Margaret Pauline, has been born. In his political views Mr. Nelson is an adherent of the democratic party and is now serving as a member of the Colfax city council. He is affiliated with the Masonic order and the Woodmen of the World, and is an active member of the Colfax Commercial Club. Mr. Nelson, having had broad experience, has by careful training become a most successful manager, being thoroughly familiar with all the details of the imple ment business as well as with all other lines of trade. He gives careful attention to his business, is accurate in all matters of detail, affable in manner when mingling with customers, and his genial disposition has drawn toward him an unusually large circle of close business, social and fraternal friends. He is one of those optimists who believe in the west and see its business constantly becoming more important. JOHN WESLEY HENKLE. Prominently identified with the hardware trade in Tekoa, Whitman county, Washington, is John Wesley Henkle, who was born in Benton county, Oregon, Au gust 14, 1869, a son of Andrew J. and Mary (Woods) Henkle, the former a na tive of Ohio and the latter of Iowa. In 1853 the parents crossed the plains from Iowa to Oregon with ox teams, the journey requiring six months. The youth of John W. Henkle was spent in Oregon, where his education was gained in the district schools in the vicinity of his father's farm. He continued his school duties, assisting his father the while, until 1889, when he gave his entire time to helping his father on the farm, being thus engaged until 1891. In the latter year the family removed to Tekoa, where he, with his father and brothers, engaged in the dry-goods business under the firm name of A. J. Henkle & Sons. This business was continued for several years but in 1894, during the hard times, in the northwest and all over the country, J. W. Henkle secured employment at anything he could get to do until 1896, when he entered the employ of Henry D. Kay, a hardware merchant. Mr. Kay had sold out in 1900 and Mr. Henkle continued with his successors until 1905. In that year the hardware and furniture firm of Henkle & Schulerud was established and from that time forward to the present Mr. Henkle has been identi fied with the hardware trade. In 1909 the firm name was changed to Henkle, Schulerud & Company and the following year the business was incorporated under the style of the Henkle Hardware Company, S. M. Watson being president, James McGrery, vice president, and J. W. Henkle, secretary and manager. Mr. Henkle takes time from his business to assist in various enterprises in which Tekoa is in terested and is acting as a director of the Tekoa Carnival Company. Mr. Henkle was married, in Farmington, Washington, in July, 1892, to Miss Eva Scott, a native of Kansas and a daughter of John J. and Addie M. (Hands) Scott, the father being a native of Canada and the mother having been born in Kentucky. To this union three daughters were born, Genevieve, Irene and Lucille. Mr. Henkle is affiliated with the republican party and in a quiet way takes con siderable interest in politics. He has been city clerk five terms, a member of the school board eight years and clerk of that board for seven years. He is an active 350 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE member of the Odd Fellows lodge, in which he has occupied all of the chairs, and in his church affiliations is a member of the Congregational church, of which he is a trustee and in the activities of which he takes active part. Having for over twenty years been a participant in the business life and inter ests of Tekoa and also having taken an active interest in educational and municipal affairs, Mr. Henkle has become exceedingly well known in Tekoa and community. He has succeeded in building up a fine business, which is being conducted under his management, and in all his dealings he is recognized as being entirely just and equitable. His cordiality of manner has gained for him an unusually large circle of intimate personal friends and there are probably few people in Whitman county who are held in higher esteem than he. He has succeeded on account of the close attention which he has given to his business, his integrity, which is apparent at all times, his economical habits and the general fitness which his earlier experiences have given him for the line which he is now following. ALFRED B. WILLARD. In the great northwest there are large numbers of successful business men who today are affluent and highly respected and useful citizens who have attained their present estate solely through their own efforts and by their habits of industry, econ omy and well directed energies in business. Notably among this class is Alfred B. Willard, banker, farmer and former hardware merchant of Tekoa, Whitman county. He was born in Boone county, Illinois, August 19, 1852, the son of Henry R. and Celestia (Morse) Willard, both natives of the state of New York. In the public schools of Illinois Alfred B. Willard received his early education. He assisted his father in the work of the farm until 1872 when, the lure of the west attracting him, he set out for the Pacific coast and settled in California. During his early years in the far west he engaged in the freighting business during the sum mer months while in the fall and winter seasons he followed agricultural pursuits. In October, 1878, he removed to Whitman county, Washington, where he took up three hundred and twenty acres of government land about one and one-half miles south of where Tekoa now stands. One half of this land he took up under the homestead act and the other half under the timber culture act. He worked hard for several years getting his farm under a good state of cultivation and making the necessary improvements. He also increased his holdings until he owned four hun dred and eighty acres. In 1893 crops were a failure — a disastrous blow to Mr. Willard — but in the following year crops were good and prices passable for that period of almost universal depression throughout the country, which removed much of his discouragement of the year before. He continued farming diligently and in a well directed way until 1897, when he removed to Tekoa and engaged in the hard ware business in partnership with C. F Kay, the firm name being Kay & Willard. In 1899 he retired from active life to look after his farming interests which have now grown to include seventeen hundred and sixty acres of land. Mr. Willard is the president and also a stockholder and director of the Citizens State Bank of Tekoa and likewise of the Farmers' Union Mill & Grain Company, and a stockholder and one of the organizers of the Tekoa Creamery Company. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 351 In 1899, at Portage, Wisconsin, Mr. Willard was married to Miss Sarah M. Mc Laren, a daughter of James and Sarah (Curtis) McLaren, natives of New York and Canada respectively. In his political affiliation Mr. Willard is a republican. He has served as school director for several terms and was one of the county com missioners from 1898 to 1904, and he has also been a member of the city council of Tekoa. The long and active business life of Alfred B. Willard, together with his fairness in business dealings, his strict integrity and the capable manner in which he has handled all his business affairs have made him easily one of the most popu lar and valued citizens of the city and county where he resides. Because of the success which he has achieved through his own unaided efforts and because of his rise to the place in the community which he now enjoys he easily takes high rank among the prosperous, respected and eminent citizens of the great state of Wash ington. CHARLES WESLEY WALTON, Sr. Charles Wesley Walton was born in Iowa, October 18, 1844, a son of Joshua J. and Ann (McNab) Walton, both natives of Kentucky, who at the early period of 1849 crossed the plains with ox teams to the Pacific coast, settling in California. This journey was attended with the usual series of hardships and privations com mon to the lot of pioneers. Charles W. Walton, who was but five years old at the time of the removal of the family, attended the public schools in the Golden state until the time when his parents went to Oregon in 1852, and in that state he com pleted his education. In 1864 he took up the business of mining, which he followed for three years, and then went to farming on his own account in Lane county, Oregon, on one hundred and sixty acres of land. There he remained until 1879, when he re moved to Rosalia, Washington, renting twenty-four acres one mile south of the town which he operated until 1880, when he went to Albany, Oregon, where he clerked in a store throughout the spring of that year. He then returned to Rosalia, taking up a government homestead of one hundred and sixty acres of land four and a half miles northwest of the town. There he took up his abode, except at such times as he was engaged in clerking in Cheney and Spokane, particularly dur ing the first year that he lived on the homestead. In this way he accumulated ad ditional funds for the development of his claim. He continued his residence there on until 1886, when he secured a title from the government to this land which he then sold and removed to Rosalia, where he embarked in the grocery business. After conducting this enterprise for a time he disposed of it and bought one hun dred and sixty acres three miles south of the city. There he lived until 1888, when once more he returned to Rosalia and took charge of the business of the Tacoma Grain Company and conducted that enterprise until he became interested in the Seattle Grain Company, with which he is still identified as agent, not only at Oakesdale but also at Fallon, McCoy and Belmont. He still owns his home in Spokane, where his family reside in order that the children may have the benefit of the school facilities there. 352 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Mr. Walton was married, on the 2d of April, 1866, to Miss Susie L. Gregg, who is a native of Illinois and a daughter of Andrew J. and Dorothy (Baker) Gregg, who were born in Illinois and Kentucky respectively. To this union have been born seven children, namely: Lena Louise, who died when eleven years of age; George P., who is married and has three sons; Mabel, who wedded J. M. Hone and has one son and one daughter; Frank D., deceased; Fred B., who is married and has one son; Charles W., Jr.; and Chester E., who is married and has one daughter. The surviving members are all residents of Spokane. In his political allegiance Mr. Walton is a democrat and was for many years marshal and constable of Rosalia. He is a member of the Christian church in which he is serving as elder and he takes an active interest in the affairs of that denomination. Mr. Walton is among the better class of citizens of Whitman county, where he has a very large circle of friends and where he is universally respected and held in high esteem. J. FRANKLIN McCROSKEY. Public spirit, strict attention to business and general success along all lines of endeavor undertaken, characterize the career of J. Franklin McCroskey, who though operating a farm of six hundred and forty acres of land in the vicinity. of the town is a resident of Oakesdale. He was born in Monroe county, Tennes see, January 9, 1860, a son of J. P. T. and Mary M. (Gallagher) McCroskey, both natives of Tennessee. His boyhood days were spent on the farm : and in the Glenloch Mills-, and he received a fair education, attending the common and high schools of the county until May, 1879. At that time the parents came west to California and in July of the same year moved to what is known as Tennessee Flat, Whitman county, Washington, where the father took up a homestead and also a claim under the timber culture laws, and there J. Franklin McCroskey re mained, assisting his father until after he had obtained titles to his land from the United States government. In 1880 the son began working on the Northern Pacific Railroad and was also identified with the Oregon Railway & Navigation Com pany, being thus employed until 1884. During this period, however, in 1882, he filed on a one hundred and sixty acre homestead three miles northwest of Oakes dale and after maintaining his residence there and meeting the other requirements secured title to this land from the government. He continued increasing his hold ings by purchase until he had six hundred and forty acres, and still owns and operates four hundred and eighty acres, most of which is in a high state of culti vation and is equipped with many modern improvements. He has been con nected with the Oakesdale State Bank as a stockholder and has been active in business and other circles in Whitman county for many years. In Olympia, Washington, on the 25th of December, 1899, Mr. McCroskey was united in marriage to Miss Virginia A. Bushnell, a native of Missouri and a daugh ter of Emanuel and Mary (Watson) Bushnell. To them have been born two chil dren, Keith Bushnell and Franklin. In his fraternal relations Mr. McCroskey is affiliated with the Farmers Union and the United Artisans. He is a democrat in his political faith and is at present a member of the city council of SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 353 He has long been active in educational matters, having been a member of the school board about twelve years. He is also affiliated with the Methodist Episco pal church, of which he and his wife are active supporters and earnest in their cooperation to make that body effective for good in the community. Possessing the sterling qualities of industry, economy and business acumen, together with a lively interest in civic, fraternal, educational and church affairs, Mr. McCroskey has long been recognized as a conspicuous and valuable citizen of Oakesdale and Whitman county. He has a large number of friends and with bis genial demeanor, his warm-heartedness and his good-fellowship is a favorite with the circle in which he moves. WILLIAM A. NICHOLLS. William A. Nicholls, president of the Big Bend Transit Company, is financing and advancing a project for railroad building and the development of water power along the Spokane river. He has financed many business propositions which have become valuable factors in the upbuilding of the northwest, his keen insight en abling him to see and utilize opportunities which men of less broad vision do not .grasp. He was born at Beatrice, Nebraska, June 15, 1878, a son of William D. and Ada L. (Pellett) Nicholls, of that city, who removed to Spokane in 1894. The family numbered four sons and five daughters, namely: Walter J., who is in the brokerage business in Spokane ; Leigh, a real-estate dealer in Eugene, Oregon ; Gilmore, of Eugene; Clara, the wife of Henry Swan, of Spokane; Marjorie, who married Wilbur Wester, of Seattle; Mona,'" who makes her home in this city; William A., of this review; and two who died in childhood. William A. Nicholls began his education in the private schools of the east and continued his course after coming to Spokane, being graduated from the high school here in 1896. The mining and general brokerage business attracted him and he has handled the sale of large mining properties all through the northwest, winning substantial success in that line. He has been a close student of the mineral re sources of the country, Jiis careful investigation leading to judicious investments which have brought him gratifying prosperity. He organized the National Cop per Mine Company, the Nepsic Mining Company and the Nicholls Investment Company, which conducted a large real-estate, fire, accident and safety deposit vault business. Recently, however, Mr. Nicholls has disposed of his interests in the last named company to the Washington Trust Company and is now giving his attention to the interests of the Big Bend Transit Company of which he is presi dent. This company has well formulated plans which it is rapidly putting into execution, each day witnessing a step in advance of what had been accomplished in the previous day. The company now has its survey all made to follow the Spo kane river from here to the junction of the Columbia, having a terminal site at this point. They also have a right from the government to develop the water power here and are pushing forward their project to completion. Mr. Nicholls is notably prompt, energetic and reliable and has in large measure the quality of common sense. He has never been actively identified with politics although he has always given his support to the republican party since age conferred upon 354 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE; him the right of franchise. He has preferred to give his attention to business and public affairs of another character and is a charter member of the Spokane Stock Exchange which was organized in 1896. Fraternally Mr. Nicholls is connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, his membership being in Lodge No. 228. He is a life member of the Spo kane Amateur Athletic Club, belongs also to the Spokane Club and to the Spokane Country Club. It would be difficult to forecast his future but it is well known that he never regards any position as final. With the accomplishment of a given purpose he starts out for still larger achievements and the project which he has undertaken will undoubtedly in time prove a valuable asset in the work of devel oping the northwest. FREDERICK CONRAD ROBERTSON. Frederick Conrad Robertson, the subject of this sketch, was born in Livings ton, Paris, Louisiana, February 12, 1865. His father was Edward White Robert son and his mother's maiden name Mary Jane Pope. His father was a prominent southern lawyer and statesman and served in the Mexican war, and in the Civil war as a Confederate, being colonel in the siege of Vicksburg. He served from 1876 until 1886 as a member of congress and upon his death was succeeded by his son, S. M. Robertson, who served until 1906. Mr. Robertson was educated at the Louisiana State University, leaving in his senior year and graduated from the Georgetown Law School at Washington, D. C.!, in 1889. He came immediately to the state of Washington and settled at Port Townsend and later at Tacoma. He served as assistant United States attorney from 1891 to 1897 doing much trial work for the United States. He moved to Spokane in 1897 and has since continuously resided there. From 1899 until 1902 he was employed as attorney for the Western Miners and defended all of them who were incarcerated in the "Bull Pen" and afterward tried in the Idaho courts. He afterward went to Washington and represented the miners before the con gressional investigation called at their instance before tJie military committee of the house of representatives, which resulted in the ending of martial law in the Coeur d'Alenes and the release of the remaining incarcerated miners who had been held in the martial prison of "Bull Pen" at Wardner, Idaho, some one thou sand five hundred miners being so incarcerated. Mr. Robertson's constant con tention was that martial law and the holding of men by martial order under such conditions was unconstitutional and unlawful, when the courts are in the unob structed exercise of their jurisdiction and can administer civil remedies. His views were, in the end, accepted and martial control of the Coeur d'Alenes was brought to an end by order of President McKinley. Mr. Robertson has been active in the legal profession, his practice extending into Oregon, Idaho and Washington in which states he has a large acquaintance. He has taken part in many of the most important trials in Eastern Washington and Idaho. Mr. Robertson has been a continual advocate of the ownership of public utilities by municipalities and has been prominent in the democratic party since his advent into the state. He was a nominee for congress in 1908, but was defeated with the balance of the state ticket. FREDERICK C. ROBERTSON SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 357 Mr. Robertson is the father of two sons, Stephen, of the age of eighteen; and Fred, of the age of seventeen. He has a daughter, Lucile, of the age of thirteen, by his first wife, who was Miss Amelia DeLion and who died in 1901. In 1909 he was again married to Miss Marie Twist. Mr. Robertson has been frequently employed in labor disputes as the attorney of local and national unions. LOUIS LAFAYETTE HUNT. Louis Lafayette Hunt is interested in various business projects in Spokane. He was born in Nashville, Tennessee, July 20, 1869, and is a son of Hamline T. and Jennie C. (Gardner) Hunt, both of whom are of English descent. The Hunt fam ily, however, was founded in America in Colonial days and was represented in the Revolutionary war. Hamline T. Hunt was born in the state of New York and when young accompanied his parents on their removal from Tennessee to Wisconsin. Following his removal to the middle west he was postmaster at Hortonville, Wis consin, for seventeen years. He there engaged in farming and also conducted a fire insurance business for thirty years. He served as a soldier of the Civil war for about four years, becoming first lieutenant of the Third Wisconsin Light Ar tillery. His last days were spent in Kellogg, Idaho, where he died July 27, 1909. His wife, who died in 1881, also represented an old family that sent some of its members to the front in the war for independence. Her father enlisted as a soldier of the Confederate army and was killed at the battle of Chickamauga. Louis L. Hunt is the only surviving member of his family, his sister having died at the age of seven years. He was educated in the common and high schools and a business college of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, and in the State Normal School. He was only twelve years of age when he left home and went to Milwaukee, Wiscon sin, and the following year made his way to Chicago where he remained for two years. He was afterward at El Paso, Texas, and secured employment with the 3X Cattle Company as ranch hand and cowboy. Subsequently he returned to New Or leans and afterward went to Buffalo, New Yprk; Washington, D. C. ; Philadelphia, Cincinnati and Chicago, working in those cities on the Buffalo & Erie Railroad, and also making the run out of Chicago to Milwaukee as a newsboy. While residing in Chicago he traveled with the W. W. Cole Circus for two seasons, being .upon the road from 1882 until 1884, visiting all states east of the Mississippi. In the spring of 1885' he returned to Chicago and entered the employ of the Wisconsin Central Railroad as baggage man and expressman for the American Express Company. In the fall of 1885 he removed to Marquette, Michigan, where he entered the service of the Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic Railroad. After a short time, however, he located at Clintonville, Wisconsin, where he was employed by the Chicago & North western Railroad Company and later he went to Duluth, Minnesota, and thence to Brainard, where he made his home during the winter of 1886, being employed as a brakeman and conductor on the Northern Pacific Railroad. On the 5th of May, 1887, Mr. Hunt arrived in Spokane but soon returned east as far as Missoula, Montana, and worked for the Northern Pacific Railroad Com pany for two years and five months. He then engaged in mining in and near Mon- 358 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE tana and Idaho for two years. He also was employed at Butte in connection with the liquor business and in 1892 returned to Missoula where he engaged in business until 1899. In 1900 he formed a partnership with George M. Cosgrove and con ducted business at No. 1 1 1 Howard street under the firm name of Cosgrove & Company. For five years he conducted a large cafe in Spokane but in 1905 sold out and went to Seattle wherfe he remained for a short time. After returning to this city he did not again engage in business until 1909, when he opened an estab lishment in the Paulsen building where he is now located. He secured the Paulsen lease and opened business there on the 22d of June. He has the finest bar in the northwest and the best trade in the city. He is also interested in the Surprise Min ing Company of Pine Creek, near Kellogg, Idaho, conceded to be one of the best properties in that district. He is a stockholder in the Spokane Taxicab Company and in the Farmer Jones Mining Company of Priest River, the property of which"' is under development and by government inspectors conceded to be one of the com ing gold mines of Washington. He has always been much interested in racing, has driven many races and was interested with Mr. Cosgrove in the race-track conces sion from 1903 until 1907. He is also the sole proprietor of a wholesale and retail liquor house at the corner of Second and Stevens streets. On the 25th of December, 1901, Mr. Hunt was married to Miss Charlotte Louise Manning, a daughter of Mr. Manning, of Minnesota, now deceased. She is a sister of Thomas J. Manning, superintendent of carriers of the Spokane postoffice, and of James Manning, who has charge of the mailing department of the postoffice at Minneapolis. Mr. Hunt owns a beautiful home at No. 2026 Manito place, facing the park, and also a fine residence on Newman Lake and other property there, where he keeps a launch and steel boats. In politics he was formerly a democrat but now gives his support to the republican party. He has been active in political work, has served as a delegate to county conventions in Missoula and Spokane and many installed office holders are indebted to Mr. Hunt for their success. Frater nally he is connected with the Elks Lodge, No. 228, with the Knights of Pythias, the Spokane Athletic Club, the Inland Club, the Enakops and the Chamber of Com merce. He has greatly increased his business activities and interests and now has many good dividend-bearing business projects. SAMUEL W. ANDERSON. Samuel W. Anderson is an independent grocer of Spokane, who has met with success in mercantile lines and is branching out largely into other fields as one of the factors in the establishment and control of an immense plant for the manu facture of white lead, chrome lead, and iron and zinc paint pigments. Born in Michigan on the 19th of December, 1864, Samuel W. Anderson is de scended from a prominent Scottish family and his father, James Anderson, now living in Spokane at the ripe old age of eighty-six years, was born in the city of Glasgow, whence he came to America at the age of twelve, it requiring at that time three months to complete the voyage across the Atlantic. He has a brother two years his senior who is still living in Canada. James Anderson wedded Patience Peaslee, who was born in Michigan and was of English lineage, although the fam- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 359 ily was early established on American soil and sent its representatives to the front in the Revolutionary war. Mrs. Anderson passed away about 1892, survived by her husband and three children, of whom Monroe is now a farmer of Alberta, Canada, while the daughter is Mr. E. E. Mayer, whose husband is a retired farmer of Spokane. In the graded and high schools of Michigan, Samuel W. Anderson pursued his education and entered business life as clerk in the mercantile establishment of Roberts & Beach at Lapeer, Michigan. He afterward spent five years in the em ploy of J. Armstrong, a general merchant, and on the expiration of that period be came connected with the wholesale dry-goods house of A. Krolick & Company of Detroit, Michigan, having charge of the dress-goods department. He was after ward with Barnes, Hengerer & Company, wholesale dry-goods merchants of Buf falo, and in the interest of that house traveled through the central part of Michigan for three years. Following the arrival of Mr. Anderson in Spokane, in 1890, he engaged in various occupations, was connected with commission houses and traveled all over the west, visiting Denver, Salt Lake City, Seattle and Portland. Eventually he estab lished a permanent residence in Spokane and embarked in the grocery business, opening the Eagle Cash Grocery Store in 1894. In this business he has since con tinued, his location being at No. 927 Sprague avenue. He has not confined his at tention and energies to a strict line of trade but has extended his efforts into other fields which have been equally important as factors in promoting the business ac tivity and consequent development and prosperity of the city and the northwest and is interested to a considerable extent in city property in Spokane and owns one thousand acres of fine wheat land in southern Alberta, Canada. In 1896 Mr. Anderson was united in marriage to Miss Carrie M. Hetts, of Detroit, Michigan, a daughter of Valentine Hetts, who was a wholesale shoe mer chant of that city. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are now parents of three children, Bernadine, Edwin and Katherine. Mr. Anderson is a republican in his political convictions. He belongs to the Elks lodge of Spokane, to the Knights of Pythias and to the Inland Club. His friends, and they are many, find him a social, genial gentleman whose unfeigned cordiality is the source of his popularity. WILLIAM MARSHALL CHAMBERS. William Marshall Chambers, the well known grain merchant of Pullman, Whit man county, Washington, was born in Benton county, Oregon, November 15, 1848, his parents, being Roland and Lovisa (King) Chambers, the father a native of Illi nois and the mother of Iowa. Roland Chambers with his family crossed the great plains in 1844 with an ox team from Iowa, joining one of the first big trains which had about that time begun crossing the great American prairies. On reach ing the Pacific slope he settled in Benton county, Oregon, and it was there that the boyhood days of the son, William Marshall Chambers, were spent, and there he attended the district schools, acquiring a good common-school education. It was also in that place that he received his first training in farm work on the homestead of his father. In 1870 he began a course of study in the Philomath 360 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE College of Benton county, and in 1873, having completed the course, laid aside his text-books to enter the employ of the government on the Siletz Indian reserva tion as clerk. There he remained until 1877, when he began working on the Cascade locks, being employed by the original contractors, Piatt, Chambers, Mc- Bean & Company as bookeeper. In 1 879 he reentered the service in the em ploy of the government, this time occupying the position of chief clerk of the Cascade locks, and remained in that position until 1881. In that year he re moved to Moscow where he became bookkeeper for W. J. McConnell & Company, who were dealers in general merchandise. He remained in that position until 1885, when he removed to Pullman where as one of the partners of McConnell, Chambers & Company he engaged in the general merchandising business. This relationship continued until 1893, in which year as result of the hard times and the general depression all over the country and especially the northwest the busi ness was closed out. Mr. Chambers subsequently engaged in the grain business, first under the firm name of Chambers, Price & Company and then under his own name. During his business career he has been interested in the ownership of lands in the Palouse country, of which interests, however, he has now mostly disposed, Mr. Chambers gives his political support to the republican party but he has never been an office seeker and has only taken a moderate interest in politics. He is a charter member of the Benevolent Protective Order of EUss, Lodge No. 249, of Moscow, and he belongs also to the Pullman Club. The business experiences of Mr. Chambers have been wide in scope and his undertakings of benefit to the communities in which he has resided. He has always been regarded as a splendid citizen and has taken an active interest in the welfare of PuUman and assisted to the extent of his ability, which has been considerable, in the upbuilding of Whit man county. He has great faith in the northwest, a country in which he sees boundless opportunities. He has a very large circle of close personal and busi ness friends who have always regarded him with the highest respect and esteem. WILL G. GRAVES. Will G. Graves, a Spokane lawyer of ability and prominence, has had the distinction of having been one of only three democratic members of the Washington senate, in which he served from 1903 to 1911, and while this precluded any pos sibility of the passage of party measures, it did not prevent his ready and helpful cooperation in various projects which looked beyond partisanship to the welfare of the commonwealth. His work has indeed been of worth as a factor in the legis lation of the state during the past eight years. He is equally well known in the practice of law in Spokane, where a large clientage has been accorded him. He was born May 18, 1866, and is the youngest of the four sons of John J. and Or- rilla Landon (Berry) Graves. The ancestral records show that the Graves family were among the leading colonial families of Virginia, the first representative of the name in America being Captain Thomas Graves, who arrived at Jamestown as a passenger on the William and Mary, which was the second ship to make the voyage, arriving in 1608, the year following the establishment of the Jamestown colony. He became a prominent and influential citizen and his name appears on SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 361 a monument erected to commemorate the assembling the first Virginia house of burgesses that convened at Jamestown in June, 1619, he being one of the mem bers of that body. Representatives of the name continued to reside in Accomac county, Virginia, until after the United States had won her independence. Then the great-grandfather of WiU G. Graves removed to Boone county, Kentucky, where he located on a land grant given him in recognition of services which he had rendered to the Canadian government. It was in his honor that Graves county, Kentucky, was named. His son was Major Reuben Graves, a soldier of the War of 1812, who held the rank of major in Colonel Johnson's regiment in the campaign against the Indians, of which the battle of Tippecanoe was the chief feature. On that occasion he secured the tomahawk of the famous Indian chief, Tecumseh, and it still remains a cherished heirloom in the family to this day. He was likewise a distinguished officer of the Mexican war. He continued to reside in Kentucky until, wishing to get away from what he regarded as the baneful influences of slavery, he removed with his family to Illinois after freeing his slaves and disposing of his property in Kentucky. The journey was made with a caravan composed of sixteen families and they founded the town of St. Marys, in Hancock county. His son, John J. Graves, was born October 18, 1819, at the old homestead, on the land which his grandfather had received as a grant from the government. He went with his family to Illinois and, devoting his life to agricultural pursuits, became one of the large landowners of that part of the state and a helpful factor in its development and progress. He subscribed liberally to the stock of the Burlington railroad and with his neighbors assisted in building that section of the line which extends from Galesburg to Quincy. He married Orrilla Landon Berry, a representative of one of the old New England families, her father having been Dr. Jonathan Berry, of Grand Isle, Vermont, who was chief surgeon on the American flagship at the battle of Plattsburg, in the War of 1812. Will G. Graves spent the first twenty-three years of his life in the state of his nativity and his experiences and advantages were those which usually faU to the lot of the farmer boy. As his father was in very comfortable financial circum stances he was enabled to pursue his education beyond the point of the public schools and thus become well equipped for life's practical duties. His elder brothers, Frank H. and Jay P. Graves, came to Spokane in 1884 and 1887. respec tively, and their favorable reports of the developing northwest caused Will G. Graves to make his way to this section of the country^ in the fall of 1889. After a brief stay in Spokane he went to Ellensburg and, devoting his attention to the study of law, was admitted to the bar in 1892. For four years he practiced at that place but in the spring of 1896 returned to Spokane, where he formed a partner ship with his brother, Frank H. Graves, a business association which is still main tained, the firm having from the first occupied a creditable and enviable position among the practitioners of the city. His business has constantly increased in volume and importance and he seems at home in all departments of the law, prov ing a strong advocate and a safe counselor. Aside from his profession his most important public work has been in the field of legislation. Something of his personal popularity and the confidence re posed in him are indicated in the fact that in 1902. in a strong republican district — the sixth — he was elected, a democratic nominee, to the state senate and in 1906 362 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE he was reelected, becoming one of three democratic members of that body in 19io. During the first two sessions of his service he was chairman of the committee on constitution and constitutional revision, and later was made chairman of the judiciary committee, in which connection he has rendered valuable service to his state. He is not unknown in business circles outside of his profession and is now a trustee of the Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad Company, of the Inter national Coal & Coke Company and a director of the Traders National Bank, In 1894 Mr. Graves was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca Feek, a daugh ter of Asahel Feek, of Seattle, and they have one surviving child, a son, Paul Hyde Graves. Identified with Spokane and the Inland Empire for twenty-two years, Will G. Graves has long since established his position as one of the prom inent lawyers and representative citizens who, taking up the work begun by the pioneers, has builded upon the foundation which the pioneers laid an imposing superstructure of stability and worth that is keeping Washington abreast in all the different lines of progress and improvement with the older states of the east. CHARLES MORRIS MECKLEM. Charles Morris Mecklem, who is successfully engaged in the drug business at Palouse, Whitman county, was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, March 22, 1857, his parents being Eli and Margaret (Collins) Mecklem, the former a native of the state of New York and the latter of Ireland. Charles M. Mecklem attended the public schools in Pennsylvania until 1866, when he was nine years of age. In that year his parents removed to Ohio and there he continued in the public schools and later became a student at the Hayes- ville Academy and afterward in the Mansfield Normal School. In 1876 he rented a farm and during that same winter took up the profession of school teach ing, which he followed for some time. His father having passed away when he was nine years of age, the support of the family early devolved upon him. In the spring of 1880 he came to Washington and located twelve miles southeast of Colfax, later becoming principal of the Palouse public schools. In 1881 he was made assistant principal of the Colfax school but in 1882 he entered G. W. Suther land's drug store as an apprentice and remained there until 1885, receiving in that year a certificate as a registered pharmacist. He then became head clerk in the Pioneer Drug Store in Colfax. In 1886 he accepted a position as mail clerk on a railroad but in the fall of the same year was elected county school superin tendent. In that year he was the only democrat who was elected in the county, a fact which shows his popularity among the residents there. In 1889 he moved to Palouse and established a drug store under the firm name of Mecklem & Ells worth and continued under that name until 1903, when he purchased the interest of Mr. Ellsworth and has since continued in that store under the firm name of the Mecklem Pharmacy. He has been very successful in the financial world and among his other interests he is a stockholder and a director of the National Bank of Palouse. At Spokane, in May, 1891, Mr. Mecklem was married to Miss Mary Babb, who was born in Iowa, a daughter of John and Margaret Babb. To Mr. and Mrs. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 363 Mecklem have been born two daughters, Quevenne and Zelva, both of whom are students in the Washington State College. In his political relations Mr. Mecklem is a democrat and he has ever taken an active interest in local party measures. He is greatly interested in educational work as evinced by the offices he has held, having been county school superintendent in 1886 and school director for several terms. Fraternally he belongs to the Masons, having filled all the chairs in the local lodge, and he also belongs to Pullman Chapter, No. 31, R. A. M. He is likewise identified with the Independent Order of Odd FeUows, hav ing filled all the chairs in his lodge, and is a member of the Encampment, also the last representative to the Grand Lodge of the state of Washington. He is identi fied with the Woodmen of the World and with the Improved Order of Red Men. Also sociaUy he is a member of the Palouse Business Men's Association. Mr. Mecklem's success in the business world , is the result of honest . endeavor and dis criminating foresight in his business relations. He has made an honorable record and is recognized as one of the leading citizens of Whitman county. JOHN A. HENRY. John A. Henry, the extent and importance of whose business interests make him one of the prominent real-estate brokers of Spokane, is now operating under the firm name of J. A. Henry & Company. He was born in Eureka, Humboldt county, California, on the 22d of October, 1876, his parents being Francis and Phoebe (Davis) Henry. The father, who is of Irish descent, was born in New Brunswick, Canada, in 1827. He was one of the pioneer lumbermen of Hum boldt county, and his death occurred in 1907. The mother, who is of English de scent, was also born in New Brunswick, and is at present living in Eureka, Cali fornia. She has one brother, George L. Davis, who is a prominent banker and lumberman of Hoquiam, Washington. To Mr. and Mrs. Henry six children were born : Hiram, George and Wellington, all of whom are living in Humboldt county ; John A., of Spokane; Mrs. Margaret Getchell of Bayside, California; and Mrs. Alfretta Rice, of San Diego, California. John A. Henry acquired his education in the public and high schools of Eureka, and later took a course in a business college. After his graduation from the latter institution he accepted a position as private secretary to E. G. Eames, general manager of the Puget Mill Company remaining there two years at the end of which time he entered the employ as secretary of the Grays Harbor Lumber Company, an organization which had been brought about by his uncle who had erected a mill at Grays Harbor, Washington. After Mr. Henry had occupied that position for some time, the firm having changed hands, he became connected with the lum ber interests at Eureka as assistant secretary of the Lumber Association for four years. In 1906 he left that city and went to the San Francisco office immediately after the remarkable earthquake in that city. He remained there one year before coming to Spokane and becoming J. L. Drumheller's private secretary, and secre tary and treasurer of many companies with which Mr. Drumheller was connected, among these being the Sand Point Water & Light Company, of which Mr. Drum heller is president and principal owner. Much of the responsibility of this organ- 364 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE ization fell upon Mr. Henry's shoulders, and the success which was theirs was due to a large degree to his ability. Mr. Henry was affiliated with Mr. Drumheller from 1907 to 1909, and he looks upon these two years as one of the most success ful and profitable periods of his business career. Subsequently he engaged inde pendently in the real-estate business and is at present carrying on a general real- estate, rental and insurance business. He is agent for the Scott-Robertson prop erty, consisting of the "Idaho and Chemical buildings located on Sprague avenue between Wall and Howard streets. He deals in both inside and outside property, buying and selling, and is today one of the most prominent real-estate brokers in Spokane. Mr. Henry was a member of the Eureka Reserve Naval Militia for three years but was not called to the Spanish war. They cruised up and down the coast as auxiliary to the cr.uiser Badger, during the time that Mr. Henry served as a blue jacket. At Kennewick, Washington, on the 29th of June, 1907, Mr. Henry was mar ried to Miss Mabel Haney, a daughter of H. B. Haney, a retired agriculturist now living in Spokane and one of the pioneers of Kennewick. Mrs. Henry is prom inent in musical circles and at the present time is solo soprano at the First Presby terian church. Before her marriage she studied in Minneapolis Conservatory and also at Berkeley, California. Politically Mr. Henry is a stalwart republican and has at aU times been ac tively engaged in the interests of his party. He served as secretary of the Young Mert's Republican Club at Eureka, and has been delegate to various county con ventions. He holds membership in the Vincent Methodist Episcopal church, Ori ental Lodge, No. 74, A. F. & A. M. and the Inland Club. He is a shrewd and keen-sighted businessman and one who knows real-estate in all its details, and is able to conduct his business enterprises so that they turn out to his financial advantage and to the benefit of the city. KING PRINCE ALLEN. King Prince Allen, who has been postmaster of Pullman for the past nine years, was born in Ohio on the 9th of November, 1841, and is a son of Ira and Rebecca (Calkins) Allen, both members of old colonial families and natives of Vermont. In the paternal line he is descended from the same branch of the family as Ethan Allen, of Revolutionary fame, while his maternal ancestors came to America on the Mayflower. The education of King Prince Allen was pursued in the schools of his native state until 1851 when he accompanied his people on their removal to Michigan. He continued his studies there until the 21st of April, 1861, when he enlisted in Com pany I, Second Michigan Infantry, under Colonel I. B. Richardson, and went to the front as a private. He participated in many notable engagements, including the battle of Fredericksburg, the seven-days' fight at Malvern Hill, and the battles of Vicksburg, the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, and was slightly wounded on two occasions. On the 23d of July, 1864, he was discharged at Detroit, Michigan, his service covering a period of three years and ninety days, having begun his military K. P. ALLEN SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 367 career on the 22d of April, 1861. Upon his return to civil life, he entered his fath er's blacksmith shop where he learned the trade. In 1867 together with a brother he returned to Homer, Michigan, and there established a shop which they conducted until 1880, when Mr. Allen turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. He en gaged in farming in Michigan and the Dakotas for six years and at the expiration of that period took up a quarter section of government land in Dakota which he cultivated for a time. Later he resumed his trade, remaining a resident of that state until 1889, when he came to Pullman and established a blacksmith shop, con ducting the same until March, 1902, when he disposed of his business to enter upon the duties of postmaster, to which office he had been appointed by President Roose velt, by whom he was reappointed to the same office in 1906 and again by President Taft in 1910. That Mr. Allen has proven efficient and has discharged his duties in a manner highly satisfactory to the community at large is manifested by the long period of his service. He is in every way well qualified for the office, and fulfills his responsibilities with a rare sense of conscientious obligation to the public. At Marengo, Michigan, on the 20th of October, 1864, Mr. Allen was united in marriage to Miss Susan M. Gerow, a native of the state of New York and a daugh ter of S. N. and Diana (Townsend) Gerow. In the paternal line she is of French extraction, her father having been born in France, while her mother is descended from one of the old colonial families of New York. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Allen is as follows: Ada, who married Judge Thomas Neill of Colfax, by whom she has two children ; Wilfred, who is also married and has two children ; Dora, the wife of J. C. Taylor, of Dawson, North Dakota, and the mother of four children; Ira G., of Seattle, who is married and has two children; Carrie, who married Henry Blanchard, became the mother of one child and has passed away; Delia, who mar ried H. L. Oliver, of Oregon, by whom she has had one child; Fay, the wife of R. M. Van Dorn, of Pullman; and Karl P., also of this city. Mr. Allen is adjutant and quartermaster of Whitman Post, No. 53, G. A. R., and he was senior vice department commander of the department of Washington and Alaska, while in politics he is a republican. He is one of the highly esteemed citizens of Pullman, where he has many friends, whose regard he has won and re tained through his personal worth. HOMER LEWIS ROUSE. Homer Lewis Rouse is one of the well known business men of Garfield, Whit man county, who has identified himself with the commercial interests there, his labors not only being a source of profit to himself but constituting an element of general prosperity. He has lived in Washington for many years and has been an interested witness of its growth and progress. He was born in Cass county, Nebraska, on the 20th of May, 1874, and is a son of John S. and Sarah (Scoggin) Rouse, natives of Iowa and Wisconsin respectively. His grandfather was John Rouse, a native and prominent resident of the state of Iowa. His parents removed to Columbia county, Washington, when their son Homer L. was but a child. There his boyhood and youth were passed, and the public schools near Pomeroy afforded him his educational privileges. The father took a one hundred and sixty- acre Vol. Ill— 10 368 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE preemption claim south of Pomeroy and upon it operated a sawmill. His son im mediately became associated with him in business, and at the age of twelve years worked in the woods driving four yoke of cattle. He was thus employed until 1891 when the family removed to Adams county, the father taking up an eighty acre homestead and one hundred and sixty acres under the timber culture act. Again Homer L. Rouse aided in his father's agricultural undertakings and was thus occupied until 1897 when he desired to farm independently. At that time he took up a one hundred and sixty acre homestead five miles southeast of Lind, Adams county, and so profitably did he cultivate this property that within a short time he had increased his holdings to four hundred and ninety acres. During the ten years he held this property he was given opportunity to put into practice the various theories he had formulated while in his father's employ and to try out many of the modern and scientific agricultural principles. In 1907 he disposed of his farm and removed to Potlateh, Idaho, where he again engaged in agricultural pursuits for one year. Subsequently he removed to Garfield and entered the real- estate business in partnership with C. E. Averill, under the firm name of the Gar field Land Company. He is still engaged in real estate and because of his enter prising spirit and untiring efforts he has won a success which attests his knowl edge of property values and the extent of his patronage. On the 10th of October, 1898, in Adams county, Mr. Rouse was married to Miss Ida Richardson, who is a daughter of Amos and Mary (Griffith) Richardson, natives of Wisconsin and Georgia respectively. To this union two children have been born, Homer Loraine and Gladys. In political views Mr. Rouse is a demo crat and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day. His relig ious faith is indicated by his membership in the Christian church. He is regarded as a progressive, energetic and prosperous business man, and occupies a very prominent position in the commercial circles of Garfield and vicinity, being fre quently consulted on business matters, his advice being always impartial and his judgment considered sound. He has aided materially in the upbuilding and ad vancement of the county and in his private interests has so managed his affairs that he has made steady and substantial progress, being now numbered among the men of influence of Garfield. ROBERT E. M. STRICKLAND. Robert E. M. Strickland was born at West Chester, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1867, a son of Nimrod and Rose (Gould) Strickland of that city. Mr. Strickland pursued his early education in the public schools of West Chester. He also at tended the classical academy at that place and subsequently took up the reading of law and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar on the 24th of October, 1888. He opened an office in West Chester but thinking that the far west offered better opportunities to young men, he came to Washington in January, 1889, and since July of that year he has made Spokane his home. He was first attorney for the Pennsylvania Mortgage Company, doing business in eastern Washington and Idaho, and was made manager of the company in 1892 but resigned this position about the 1st of January, 1898. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 369 In politics he is a gold democrat and in 1892-3 was a member of the demo cratic state central committee. He has been a delegate to the city, county and state conventions of his party and was the chairman of the Spokane delegation which attended the convention in Olympia in 1892, when Snively was nominated. He was appointed by Governor McGraw, the second chief executive of the state, as regent of the State University at Seattle, serving out his term from 1893 until 1897. The university building on the shore of Lake Washington was started and completed during the time that Mr. Strickland was a member of the board of regents. For many years he has been secretary and a member of the board of directors of the Spokane Club and he is also engaged in the real-estate and brokerage busi ness with offices in the Columbia building. JOHN A. DIX, M. D. Dr. John A. Dix, practicing successfully in Garfield, is connected with those whose labors have set the standard for professional services in this city, for in all of his connections with the practice of medicine he has held to high ideals and continually advocated that progression which promotes the efficiency of the mem bers of the medical fraternity. Born in Ohio, on the 15th of July, 1843, he is a son of Clark and Clarissie (Clough) Dix. The Dix family traces its ancestry in America to the Revolutionary times. The paternal grandfather, John Dix, was a native of Massachusetts but the parents were both born in Pennsylvania. Dr. Dix pursued his early education in the public schools of Ohio. When he was nineteen years of age he enlisted as a private in Company G, Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteers, for service in the Civil war. He was subsequently promoted to the position of second sergeant and during his service was incarcerated at Ander- sonville and other prisons for nine months. He received his discharge in June, 1865, at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio. After he returned home he again attended school but in 1866 removed to Iowa, where he worked as a farm hand and was en gaged in teaching. Industrial pursuits did not appeal to him and he determined upon the medical profession as his life work. Accordingly he began studying medi cine, matriculating at the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, Ohio. He was graduated from that institution in 1871 with the degree of M. D. The same year he started to practice in Iowa but in 1878 removed to Nebraska, where he followed his profession for three years before taking it up again in Iowa. In 1886 he re moved to Garfield, Whitman county, Washington, and he has since that time been continuously engaged in the practice of medicine in this city. At the same time he opened a drug store, which he conducted until 1911. He did not regard his professional education complete when he left college and has ever . remained a student of the science of medicine and has given proof of his broad learning in his professional practice. He now has a very extensive patronage and numbers among his patients many of the best people of the city. Aside from his professional du ties, Dr. Dix has been active in politics and has been one of the enthusiastic ad vocates of public improvements in Garfield. At present he is serving as mayor and is interested in all the movements that tend to produce an ideal city. 370 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Dr. Dix has been twice married. In 1870 he was united in marriage to Miss Cynthia Dresser, of Ohio, a daughter of Almond and Electa Dresser. To their union three children were born: Rena, who is the wife of Robert Lincoln, of Ohio, and the mother of two children; Ross, of Greeley, Colorado, who is married and has four children; and Cynthia, the wife of B. R. Williams, of Whitman county, and the mother of two children. In 1884 Dr. Dix was married to Miss Ida Fay, of Iowa, a daughter of David Fay. To their union five children have been born: Emmett, who is residing in Colfax; Ethel, who is living at home; Elizabeth, who is the wife of L. B. Mourey, of Garfield, and has one daughter; and Jessie and John M., both of whom are residing at home. Dr. Dix gives his political support to the republican party. He has served as a member of the council for several terms, is at present filling the office of mayor, and in 1903 was elected to the legislature. As a Mason he has occupied all the chairs in the lodge and chapter. He also holds membership with the Artisans, John A. Logan Post, No. 16, G. A. R., of which he was at one time commander, and the Whitman County Medical Society. He possesses a most genial nature and his cordiality, affability and deference for the opinion of others render him personally popular and have secured to him a circle of friends almost coextensive with the circle of his acquaintance. CYRUS EDWARD AVERILL. Cyrus Edward Averill, who is engaged in the real-estate and loan business in Garfield, Whitman county, in partnership with Homer L. Rouse under the firm name of the Garfield Land Company, was born in Maine, on the 23d of August, 1860. He is a grandson of Stephen Averill, of Maine, and a son of Henry A. and Mehitable (Burpey) Averill, both natives of Maine. The father was promi nent in the political circles of Washington at an early day and did all the writing for the Washington territory legislature in 1852 and 1853. Cyrus E. Averill received his education in the public schools of Maine and in Battle Creek College in Michigan, which he attended in 1877. In the autumn of the following year he returned to Maine and worked on a farm until 1883. In that year he went west with his parents and for some time was located in Cali fornia, where he was employed as a bookkeeper for the Pacific Coast Steamship Company until 1890. In Los Angeles he took a short course in a business col lege and subsequently opened a grocery store in Pasadena independently, which he conducted until 1893, when he removed to Elberton, Washington. In that town he opened a store for himself and at the same time kept the books for a lumber company until 1897, when he removed to Garfield and engaged in the grocery business. He was eminently successful and had already won a large patronage when his entire stock and building were destroyed by fire in 1898. This was a heavy financial loss to him but because of the previous record which lie had as a man to be thoroughly relied upon his creditors came to his assistance and : it possible for him to start in business again immediately. He conducted the store which he then opened until 1903, when he disposed of it to embark in the real-estate business. He at first organized the Garfield Land Company with A. H. Plummer as SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 371 partner but in 1908 this partnership was dissolved and he associated himself with U. W. Hammaker in the real-estate and piano business. Although they were in busi ness together less than two years, they disposed of three carloads of pianos and met with an equal degree of success in their real-estate business. In February, 1910, Mr. Averill entered into partnership with Homer L. Rouse under the firm style of the Garfield Land Company and continued dealing in real estate and pianos. He has been one of the most successful real-estate dealers of Garfield and has not only shown his high sense of integrity in actual business dealings but has also been a valuable assistant and adviser to those contemplating purchasing or disposing of properties. He was one of the organizers of the Garfield National Bank and is at present a heavy stockholder and a director of that institution. On the 24th of November, 1880, occurred the marriage of Mr. Averill to Miss Almena H. Elsemore, a daughter of Stillman and Clara (Woodman) Elsemore, ol Maine. To Mr. and Mrs. Averill seven children have been born: Nellie, died in 1908, aged sixteen years ; Ralph H. and Harrison Morton, both of whom are resi dents of Montana ; Violet, who is the wife of Alfred Tufts, of California, and has one child ; and Edward, Clara and Kelsey, all of whom are residing at home. In politics Mr. Averill gives his support to the republican party and is thor oughly alive to the issues of the day. His prominence in financial and business circles gives him the opportunity of exerting considerable influence over the polities of the party and he is one of its most loyal supporters. He is a Master Mason, belonging to Princeton Lodge, No. 139, Princeton, Maine, and also holds member ship in the Woodmen of the World and the Artisans. His religious faith is indi cated by his affiliation with the Methodist Episcopal church. Since Mr. Averill has been connected with the business circles of Garfield he has won that recognition which is always given to ability, integrity and an enterprising spirit when intelli gently directed, and the esteem and regard which are his have been gained by a life of activity carried out in accordance with the highest ideals of citizenship. FRANK H. GRAVES. The growth of the northwest has been so rapid and so substantial as to seem almost magical and yet there are many men who are still prominent factors in the life of Spokane and other sections of the Inland Empire who became connected with the district during the primitive period in the history of the city. Among the num ber is Frank H. Graves. He and his associates, utilizing the experiences of the past and the wisdom of the ages, have made this city one of the leading metropolitan centers of the Pacific coast country, bringing to bear practical judgment and busi ness enterprise in the accomplishment of the task. Mr. Graves is a native of Hancock county, Illinois, born June 15, 1857, and, tracing his ancestry back various generations, finds that Captain Thomas Graves was the progenitor of the family in America, having landed at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1608, on the William and Mary, which was the second ship to touch at that port. In shaping the destiny of the little Virginia colony he took an important part and in June, 1619, was one of the members of the first house of burgesses in Virginia. Through successive generations the family were connected with the agricultural de- 372 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE velopment of that colony, owning large plantations in Accomac county, but sub sequent to the establishment of American independence the great-grandf ather • cast in his lot with the settlers who were engaged in the reformation of Kentucky, con verting it from a "dark and bloody ground" into one of the progressive states of the Mississippi valley. He there developed a large plantation, receiving the land as a grant from the government in recognition of valuable aid which he had ren dered his country when the Revolutionary war was in progress. One of the counties of Kentucky was named in his honor. His son, Major Reuben Graves, of Boone county, Kentucky, made a splendid record in two of the wars of the country, serv ing as major under Colonel Johnson in the Indian campaigns which largely led to the suppression of outbreaks among the red men in that part of the state and cul minated in the battle of Tippecanoe, in which Major Graves secured the tomahawk of the famous Indian chief, Tecumseh. Later he did equally valuable and valiant service in the Mexican war. His opposition to the system of slavery led him to dis pose of his property interests in the south, free his slaves and remove with his family to Hancock county, Illinois, being one of a colony of Kentucky people to found the town of St. Marys. There he became identified with agricultural interests and his son, John J. Graves, who had been born October 18, 1819, on the old fam ily homestead in Kentucky, followed in the business footsteps of his father, added to his land until his holdings were extensive, and was prominently connected with agricultural interests in that locality. He also subscribed to the stock and aided in the building of the first railroad in that section, which was a division of the Burling ton, extending from Galesburg to Quincy. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Orrilla Landon Berry, represented an old New England family. Her father was Dr. Jonathan Berry, of Grand Isle, Vermont, the chief surgeon on the American flagship at the battle of Plattsburg, in the War of 1812. Their eldest son, Frank H. Graves, attended the district schools until he had mastered the elementary branches of learning and later entered Carthage College of Carthage, Illinois, in which he completed the course by graduation with the class of 1880. Having pursued the study of law, he was admitted to the bar in the same year and in the spring of 1882 began practicing in Carthage. But the spirit of en terprise which had led his ancestors in successive generations to migrate from the old world to the new, from Virginia to Kentucky, and from Kentucky to Illinois, led him to seek the opportunities of the northwest, and on Christmas day of 1884 he arrived in Spokane, where he opened an office and entered upon the practice of law. In years of continuous connection he is one of the oldest members of the Spokane bar and has ever maintained a foremost place among the lawyers practic ing in the courts of eastern Washington. His ability is manifest in the many ver dicts which he has won favorable to his clients. At the same time he has been prominently known in other connections, especially in the fields of mining and journalism, for he was one of the original owners and a member of the board of trustees of the Le Roi mine in British Columbia and in 1897 he became associated with Judge Turner, Colonel Ridpath and others in the purchase of the Seattle Post- Intelligencer, which they conducted until 1899, when they disposed of the paper to the present owners. In September, 1882, occurred the marriage of Mr. Graves to Miss Maude Ferris, a daughter of Hiram G. and Phoebe (Holton) Ferris. Their two children are Car roll S. and Arnold L. The former, born in September, 1883, is a graduate of the SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 373 United States Naval Academy at Annapolis and is now lieutenant commander of the United States ship Decatur, in the Philippines. Arnold L., born in December, 1893, is a student in the Phillips-Exeter Academy, at Exeter, New Hampshire. The family residence is at No. 515 East Sixteenth avenue, where Mr. Graves erected an attractive home in 1906. He is a member of the Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the American Revolution and the Spokane Club. He is preeminently a business man, practical and determined, accomplishing what he undertakes, and his theories have stood the test of practical achievement. GEORGE HENRY WATT. George H. Watt, who is professor of pharmacy of the Washington State College and is also conducting a drug store in Pullman, was born in Harrison county, Ohio, July 16, 1856, his parents being John and Sarah (Frazier) Watt, both of whom were natives of Ohio. His grandfathers, Joseph Watt and George Frazier, were natives of Ireland and Maryland respectively, the Frazier family tracing its lineage back to the Fraziers who were prominent in Revolutionary times. George H. Watt pursued his early education in the public schools of Ohio and subsequently was a student in the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, from which institution he was graduated in 1880 with the degree of B. S. During three years of his college course, 1877-1879, Mr. Watt taught school. After his graduation he again took up teaching, and in the winter of 1880-81 was instructor in a school in Ohio. At the end of that time however he removed to Detroit, Min nesota, where he taught until 1883 when he came to Oregon to begin his connection with the schools in that state. In Oregon he was principal at Jacksonville, until 1890 in which year he returned to Ohio and entered Scio College where he took up the study of pharmacy, receiving the degree of Ph. G. After being thus legally recognized as a pharmacist he came to North Yakima, Washington, and was elected superintendent of schools. He, remained in this position for two years before com ing to Pullman and became professor of chemistry in the State College of Wash ington in January, 1893. Later he was principal of the preparatory school and in 1896 was made head of the department of pharmacy. This position is one which carries with it considerable honor and responsibility, but Mr. Watt has always ably met every difficulty which arose and has conducted his courses so satisfactorily that he has won the esteem of the other members of the faculty. In October, 1905, realizing he had sufficient time to do so without encroaching upon his college duties, he opened a drug store in Pullman which is known as Watt's Pharmacy. Because of his professional standing throughout the community his store is one of the most popular and best patronized business enterprises in Pullman. Mr. Watt has extended his commercial interests and has become connected with many of the important enterprises of Pullman. He is director and treasurer of the Pullman Savings & Loan Association and director and vice president of the Pull man State Bank. He has evinced his confidence in the possibilities of the soil of the northwest by purchasing three hundred and thirty acres of land in Idaho, which he is planting to fruit trees. 374 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE In 1881, at Freeport, Ohio, Mr. Watt was united in marriage with Miss Harriet Colvin, a daughter of Samuel and Susannah (Sears) Colvin. To this union three children were born: Vivian, who married C. M. Scatterday of Freeport, Ohio; Frances C, who is the wife of E. A. Clemens of Selah, Washington; and George L., who is residing in Buhl, Idaho. In 1893, in North Yakima, Mr. Watt wedded Miss Anna Mattoon of that town, her death occurring in 1895. In 1910 Mr. Watt was again married, this union being with Miss Anna M. Torsen, a teacher, then residing at Viola, Idaho, where the ceremony took place. She is a daughter of Barney and Anna (Hansen) Torsen, both natives of Norway. To Mr. and Mrs. Watt one daughter, Anna Virginia, has been born. Mr. Watt holds membership in the Congregational church, in which he acts as trustee and treasurer. Fraternally he is a member of the Masonic order and has served as secretary for his lodge for several years, while he is also treasurer of the Royal Arch chapter. He likewise holds membership in the Moscow Lodge, No. 249, Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, and in the Pullman Chamber of Commerce. His political preference is given to the men and measures of the republican party. Starting out in life for himself at an early age he has since depended upon his own resources and can truly be called a self-made man. THOMAS NEILL. Thomas Neill, judge of the superior court of Whitman county, has been en gaged in the practice of law in the state of Washington for twenty-three years. He is a native of Ireland, having been born in Belfast on the 14th of March, 1861, his parents being James and Elizabeth (Gregory) Neill, also natives of the Emerald isle. Reared in the environment of a refined home, Thomas Neill acquired his early education under the supervision of governesses, but later was sent to a public school and subsequently pursued a classical course in a private academy in his native land. He left Ireland at the age of eighteen and became a citizen of the United States, locating in Monticello, Indiana, in 1879. There he entered the law office of Judge Gregory to prepare himself for the legal profession. He assidu ously applied himself to the mastery of the principles of jurisprudence until 1882, at which time he was admitted to the bar. Immediately following thereupon he engaged in practice as a junior partner of Judge Gregory, with whom he was associated for a year. Believing that he could find a wider field for his activities in the larger and newer districts of the west, he removed to North Dakota, locat ing in Dawson. He established an office and engaged in general practice in that town, at the same time being associated with his brother, Hugh Neill, in the hanking business for five years. In 1888 Judge Neill again started westward, Washington being his destination. He first settled in Pullman, where he built up a good clientele and was successfully engaged in practice until 1897, when he re moved to Colfax. Here he formed a partnership with Charles M. Wyman, under the firm name of Wyman & Neill, and the new combination took over the prac tice of Chadwick, Fnllerton & Wyman. Judge Neill remained in Colfax until 1905, then returned to Pullman, again associating himself with the legal fraternity of that city. THOJIAS XEILL SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 377 Judge Neill is a very able representative of his 'profession, and is so regarded by his fellow practitioners and those who have employed his services. He has read widely and extensively and is exceedingly well informed on every phase of his profession. In the preparation of his cases he is painstaking and cautious, presenting his cause with a dignity and assurance that carries great weight in the courtroom. He has been called to a number of public offices, having served both as city attorney and mayor while residing in Pullman, and as city attorney in Colfax. While residing in Dawson, North Dakota, Judge Neill was married to Miss Ada M. Allen, the event occurring December 16, 1886. Mrs. Neill is a daughter of K. P. and Susan (Garow) Allen, and is a native of Michigan as were also her parents. Two children have been born of the union of Mr. and Mrs Neill, Roy A., who is living in Pullman; and Marjorie, at home. In his political views Judge Neill has always been independent, giving his support to such men and measures as he deems best adapted to meet the exigencies of the situation. Fraternally he is a member of both the Knights of Pythias and Odd Fellows, and has passed through all of the chairs in both of these lodges, while he maintains relations with his fellow members of the bar through his con nection with the Whitman County Bar Association, of which he is an ex-president. Educational matters have always engaged the attention of Judge Neill, who was one of those who exerted considerable influence in getting the State College lo cated at Pullman. As a citizen of Whitman county he has ever proven loyal in his allegiance to its best interests by giving his aid and exerting his influence to promote every movement which he deemed at all likely to develop or advance its intellectual and moral standards. SANFORD HOSKINSON RIGGS. A native of West Virginia, Sanford Hoskinson Riggs was born May 17, 1845, his parents being Nathaniel T. and Louisa (Martin) Riggs, also natives of West Virginia. The family origin is traced back to Wales, whence representatives of the name came to this country prior to the Revolutionary war. Samuel Riggs, grandfather of the subject of this review, landed in Pennsylvania and took an active part in the Indian wars in the earlier days when the thirteen colonies repre sented the civilization which has now extended throughout the United States. Sanford Hoskinson Riggs was reared in West Virginia, where in the common schools he received his education and assisted his father, dividing his attention between the duties of the school room and the work of the farm. In 1863 he gave his entire time to assisting his father, but in the following year he removed to Clarksville, Pike county, Missouri, where he worked as a farm hand until 1866, when he started farming on his own account, remaining in that state until 1873. He then decided to remove to Colorado, and there farmed for two years. In that state, however, he met with serious disaster as everything he raised was destroyed by the great scourge of grasshoppers which visited that section. He then returned to Missouri where he remained until the year 1880, when he re moved to Rosalia, Whitman county, Washington, driving across the plains from 378 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Vandalia, Missouri. On arriving in this state he filed on a government home stead three and a half miles east of Rosalia which comprised one hundred and sixty acres, and also bought one hundred and sixty acres of school land. Toiling early and late, by well directed efforts he soon placed his half section of land under cultivation and introduced on it such modern improvements as he considered to be of service to him in his general farming operations. Although he was very successful as a whole in his business, during 1893 he suffered a disastrous loss of ten thousand bushels of wheat which so crippled him financially that he was again compelled to begin all over the work of building up his fortune. He re mained on his farm until 1900, when he retired and moved to Rosalia, so that the younger children of his family might have the advantages of the superior educa tional facilities to be found there. Mr. Riggs was married. in Missouri, on November 12, 1867, to Miss Catherine F. Griffith, a native of that state, her parents being John and Catherine (Amos) Griffith, both natives of Kentucky. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Riggs were born five chil dren, namely: Charles E., of Sand Point, Idaho, who married Delia M. Brown and now has two daughters; Catherine, who married Frank Bourn, of Rathdrum, Idaho, and now has two sons and five daughters; Robert F., operating the old homestead farm, who married Ina Ledbetter and has three daughters; Bessie, the wife of T. A. Turnley, of Rosalia, and the mother of two daughters; and James W., of Rosalia, who married Ethel Howard and has four sons and one daughter. Mr. Riggs' political allegiance is generally given to the democratic party al though he has independent tendencies and votes for members of other parties when he thinks candidates of superior ability and integrity are put forward. He has taken a particular interest in educational matters, having been instrumental in establishing two of the first schools in his district. He has also been a school trustee for a number of terms. Although Mr. Riggs encountered seemingly ir retrievable disasters in his career and as late as 1893 suffered a financial loss rep resenting years of hard labor and self-denial, he did not give up hope but pluckily set himself to the task of regaining his shattered fortune and by hard work and well directed efforts acquired a substantial competence which made possible his retire ment. He has well earned the rest which he is now enjoying, not only on account of his many years of conscientious labor, his active participation in business and his pioneer experiences but also for the reason that he has taken an active interest in educational and social affairs which makes him a valuable man in his community. HANS M. HANSEN. Tribute is ever due to the man who through his own effort achieves success in a strange land. Of such as these is Hans M. Hansen, who came to Wilbur twenty-three years ago practically without means and with no knowledge of lan guage or customs of the country. Yet, despite these handicaps he has attained a position that wins him the respect of the entire community. He is a native of Den mark, as were likewise his parents Peter J. and Signa Hansen, and he was born on the 21st of March, 1863. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 379 Reared at home, Hans M. Hansen was given the advantages of a good educa tion, his student days being terminated at the age of twenty-two years. He had long recognized America to be the land of opportunity, and feeling convinced that he would here find the advantages he sought, in 1889 he crossed the Atlantic and made his way directly to Wilbur. Of necessity he immediately set out to find em ployment, and as he had no trade, he sought and found work as a chimney sweep, being the first man in the town to follow this occupation. Although he had at first to perform any kind of task that came to hand to provide himself with the bare necessities of life, he never became discouraged, his optimism and buoyant spirits leading him on to the goal to which he aspired. His enterprising spirit, ambition and energetic habits won him recognition and he gradually forged ahead, each oc cupation advancing him a step in the business world. During the first four years of his residence here he engaged in various undertakings, taking anything that offered him honest and honorable employment. Those who engaged his services quickly recognized that he conscientiously performed his labor to the best of his ability, which fact proved a dominant factor in promoting his progress. He early manifested business sagacity and foresight and was always on the alert for op portunities that he could turn to his advantage. As he was thrifty and temperate in his habits he managed to save a goodly portion of his earnings, eventually ac quiring sufficient capital to enable him to engage in business on his own behalf. About 1893 he began buying and selling grain in this section, and met with success, his efforts in this direction proving so lucrative that he returned to Wilbur and erecting a large building engaged in the lumber and implement business. He pros pered in this enterprise as in everything else with which he has been connected. With his usual perspicacity he foresaw that in a few years the land business was going to afford excellent opportunities and to meet these he disposed of his enter prise in 1903, and established a real-estate office. Here as elsewhere his judgment lead him aright and he has met with most gratifying returns, and has been in strumental in the upbuilding of Lincoln county, for he has been the direct means of bringing many settlers here, thus materially assisting in the development of the rural sections. Mr. Hansen is a man who applies himself closely and intelligently to anything he undertakes, knowing his business thoroughly, and as a result he is one of the best posted men in this section on land and land values, being con sidered an authority in this line. There has not been anything meteoric about the progress of Mr. Hansen, as it has been the result of close application, clear judg ment and intelligent concentration of power sustained by a determination of pur pose that always refused to recognize defeat in whichever guise it might appear. In Wilbur, in November, 1889, Mr. Hansen was united in marriage to Miss Dorothy Bruhn, a daughter of Christian Bruhn of Denmark, and to them have been born seven children, -in the following order: Jennie, the wife of Victor Lauritzen, of Wilbur; and Carrie, Alfred, Sigvert, Helga, Thyra and Julia, all of whom are at home. The family live in Wilbur, where Mr. Hansen has acquired a pleasant and attractive residence property. The family hold membership in the Lutheran church, of which Mr. Hansen is treasurer, and in politics he is a republican. He has taken an active interest in municipal affairs and served for six years on the town council, discharging his duties with efficiency. In matters of citizenship he has .proven to be progressive and public-spirited, being willing at all times to do everything within his power to 380 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE advance the welfare of the community. As a business man he is highly regarded and is president of the Eastern Washington Land Company of Mansfield, this state. During the twenty-three years of his residence here, Mr. Hansen has evinced those qualities that inspire trust and confidence in all who have transac tions with him. He has the highest regard for his word, is loyal to his friends, and discharges his duties with a sense of conscientious obligation to those who re pose their trust in him. WILLIAM DILL FOSTER. William Dill Foster, superintendent of the Washington State Agricultural Col lege farm, where he has been employed for the past eight years, was born in Scot land on the 3d of February, 1855, and is a son of Henry and Mary (Waugh) Foster, the father a native of England and the mother of" Scotland. In the acquirement of his education, William Dill Foster attended the schools of his native land until 1873, when he turned his attention to agricultural pur suits and during the succeeding seven years engaged with his father in farming. At the expiration of that period he fully realized that it was impossible for him to achieve the success in his native country to which he aspired and he determined to come to America, feeling assured that better opportunities awaited an ambitious and enterprising young man in the less densely populated sections of the new world. Therefore in 1880 he took passage for Canada, and upon his arrival there sought and obtained employment as a farm hand, receiving eleven dollars per month for his services the first yrear and thirteen the second. Later he engaged in fitting cattle, which proved to be more remunerative than general farm work, and meeting with good success in his new undertaking in 1895 he was given charge of a large dairy herd. He retained this position until 1903 when he removed to Pullman subsequently being engaged as foreman on the college experimental farm. As he is painstaking and trustworthy, as well as practical and methodical, Mr. Foster proved to be a most efficient man for the position, and when the farm was enlarged in 1908 he was promoted to the office of superintendent. Here he has had further opportunity to demonstrate his reliability and is discharging his duties in a manner highly satisfactory to those in charge. Enterprising and thrifty, by his excellent care and watchfulness over the property of the state he manifests the traits that usually characterize his countrymen and cause them to be gener ally recognized as trustworthy and dependable. Mr. Foster still specializes in the fitting of cattle and hogs, in which connection he has acquired quite a reputation, and in 1906 he fitted the most valuable steer in the northwest. In Ontario, Canada, in October, 1884, Mr. Foster was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Kerr, a native of Scotland and a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Thompson) Kerr, of the same country. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Foster, as follows: William Henry, residing in Canada, who is married and has a son and daughter; Elizabeth, the wife of T. A. Ronson of Canada, and the mother of two daughters; and Margaret, who married E. H. Thompson, of Idaho. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 381 Mr. Foster is a trustee of the Presbyterian church, in the faith of which both he and his wife were reared and have trained their family. While he is a great admirer of American institutions, and likes the enterprise and energy that char acterize the people of this great republic, Mr. Foster is thoroughly loyal to his native land and its principles. Although he made a prolonged visit to the scenes of his boyhood and youth in 1890, he has no desire to return there to live, having become too thoroughly imbued with the spirit of the new world to readily adapt himself to the existing conditions of the old country. ALLAN R. SCOTT. In the position of county commissioner important duties devolve upon Allan R. Scott, who is deeply interested in the welfare of the community which he rep resents in office. He is typically a western citizen — alert, enterprising and pro gressive. His birth occurred near Blackfoot, Idaho, September 17, 1873, his par ents being John A. and Margaret (Noble) Scott, both of whom were natives of Scotland. The father, who represented an old family of that country, was born near Inverness, learned the carpenter's and builder's trade, and in 1870 with his wife came to the new world. They settled in Idaho, near Blackfoot, and in 1882 removed to Colfax, where the father followed his trade as carpenter and builder. In 1 883 they came to Spokane, where he continued in the same line until his death in June, 1894. His wife, a native of Glasgow, survived him for fifteen years, passing away in 1909. The only brother of Allan R. Scott is Donald Scott, a builder of San Francisco. The four sisters of the family are: Jane, the wife of Charles Jones, a retired farmer of Sandpoint, Idaho ; Helen, the wife of John Wetzel, a civil engineer of Spokane, Washington; and Katherine and Sadie M., both living in Spokane. Allan R. Scott was but a young lad when the family removed from Idaho to Washington, and in the common schools of Spokane, he pursued his early educa tion, while later he attended the Spokane Business College and the State College at Pullman. Making his initial step in the business world, he was for eight years employed in the city engineer's department and afterward spent two years as a mining engineer in the Kootenai district of British Columbia and in the Coeur d'Alene district of Idaho. He worked in British Columbia under the provincial engineer, S. P. Tuck, and was employed by the city of Kaslo when the water works were there being built. He also worked for a time as mining engineer at Sandon, British Columbia, and following his return to the United States was for two years engaged in the general practice of his profession in Spokane. After remaining for a time in the employ of the Northern Pacific and of the Washing ton Water Power Companies, he became assistant engineer on the transmission line from Spokane to the Coeur d'Alene mine at Burke, Idaho. His activity and energy were unremitting and in all his business connections he has proven his worth in the substantial and gratifying results which have followed his efforts. In the spring of 1903 he was called to public office, being chosen county surveyor of Spokane county for a term of three years. In the fall of 1906 he was elected county engineer of Spokane county on the republican ticket and received indorse- 382 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE ment for his first term in his reelection to that position in 1908. Still his fellow, citizens were not content to have him retire from office, and on the 8th of Novem ber, 1910, he was elected county commissioner from the first district. He is also one of the directors of the Bolo Investment Company of Spokane, a stock com pany formed by the Spanish-American war veterans, and at one time was presi dent of the Spokane Concrete Company, acting as its chief executive officer from its organization in 1904, until September, 1910. Mr. Scott has an interesting military chapter in his life history, for during the Spanish- American war he enlisted in 1898 and served with the First Washington Volunteers. He had been a member of Company B, First Regiment National Guard of Washington, which had charge of Company L, and after the organization joined the volunteer service for duty in the war with Spain. On the 31st of December, 1907, in Spokane, Mr. Scott was married to Miss Luella Davey, a daughter of Richard Davey, a descendant of an old family and a pioneer farmer of Spokane county, who came to the United States from Good rich, Ontario. He is one of the few men now living who had the pleasure of meet ing the old Jesuit priest who had charge of the construction of the historic old mission on the Coeur d'Alene river, built by the Jesuits. The priest explained to him in detail how the building had been constructed from whipsawed lumber, while marsh grass took the place of hair in the plaster. Both Mr. and Mrs. Scott are well known in Spokane, where they have a constantly increasing circle of friends. They attend the First Congregational church and Mr. Scott belongs to Tyrian Lodge, A. F. & A. M. His political allegiance is given to the republican party, of which he has long been an active supporter and he has attended several state and county conventions as delegate. Throughout his life he has been closely associated with the upbuilding and progress of the northwest, both along business and political lines and his work in this connection has been of a far-reaching and beneficial character. J. EDWIN MOORE. J. Edwin Moore, cashier of the First State Bank of Lacrosse, was born in Kansas, on the 12th of June, 1883, and is a son of James I. and Eldora (Harri son) Moore, both of whom were natives of Iowa. After completing the course offered in the public schools of Kansas and AVash- ington, J. Edwin Moore removed to Oakesdale, Whitman county, in 1899 and the following year was appointed assistant postmaster of that city for the years 1901 to 1903. Subsequently he was employed by the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company and after his removal to San Francisco acted as cashier for the same company until he returned to Whitman county. He located at Colfax and was again cashier for the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company until 1905, when he accepted the position of cashier of the First Bank of Lacrosse. Desiring to start upon an independent career and engage in business for himself, in 1910 he opened a hardware and furniture store. He conducted this until the following year, when the bank with which he had previbusly been connected was reorgan ized as the First State Bank of Lacrosse. He was one of the promoters of this SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 383 reorganization and after its completion became cashier. He is well qualified for the onerous and responsible duties which devolve upon him, for his previous train ing was thorough and comprehensive and, having applied himself diligently to the mastery of the details and principles of the banking business, he is an active factor in the success of this institution. Although still a young man his ability and enterprise have placed him in a position in business circles that is enviable. Beside his interests in the First State Bank he is a stockholder and director of the Colfax State Bank and also interested in the Lacrosse Telephone Company, of which he was formerly secretary and treasurer. On the 3d of November, 1907, Mr. Moore was married to Miss Cora F. Dezell, who is a native of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and a daughter of David and Susan (Whitlock) Dezell, who were formerly residents of New York state. To their union one child, Marcus D., has been born. Mr. Moore gives his political allegiance to the republican party. His religious convictions find expression in his adherence to the Presbyterian church. Frater nally he is identified with the Masonic order and holds membership in Lacrosse Lodge, No. 155, A. F. & A. M., in which organization he has held all of the chairs but that of master; and in Colfax Chapter, No. 34, R. A. M. He is an active member of the Commercial Club of Lacrosse, of which organization he is the present secretary and treasurer. He has always been active in the affairs of the community and he is considered a valuable citizen, highly esteemed for his busi ness integrity, his personal worth and his devotion to the general welfare and im provement. JACOB F. HILL. Jacob F. Hill, who is postmaster of Davenport and also secretary of the Big Bend Milling Company, is one of the pioneer settlers of the town, having re sided here continuously for the past seventeen years. He was born in Oak Grove, Missouri, on the 8th of August, 1855, and is a son of Sterling and Sarah R. (Joyce) Hill, the father a native of Tennessee and the mother of Virginia. They located in Oak Grove during the early days of its history and there the father, who was a Baptist minister, followed his calling for some years, but subsequently engaged in the general mercantile business. In 1850 he took the overland route to California, spending the succeeding two years in Yreka, that state. At the expiration of that period he returned to Missouri where he spent the next five years. In 1857 he again came west accompanied by his wife and family, settling. in Suisun, California, and he there engaged in farming. Later they removed to Idaho, but subsequently settled at The Dalles, Oregon. As he was only a child of two years when he left his native state, Jacob F. Hill began his education in the public schools of California, remaining a student therein until he was ten years of age. He then accompanied his parents on their removal to Idaho, where he continued his education. When they located in Oregon he entered the school at McMinnville, that state, and there prepared for college, later matriculating at the University of Oregon at Eugene, from which institution he was graduated with the class of 1880. The following six years he devoted to 384 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE teaching in various parts of the state, and then returned to Eugene where he en gaged in the general mercantile business. From there he went to Portland, con tinuing to give his attention to commercial pursuits. In 1894 he removed with his family to Davenport, having accepted a position as bookkeeper with the Big Bend Milling Company. This company was incorporated in 1897, and in appre ciation of the efficiency and capability he had displayed during the period of his connection with them Mr. Hill* was made the secretary, and has ever since re tained this position. In 1905 he was appointed postmaster and was reappointed in 1910, and thus has been the incumbent of this office for six years, the duties of which he has discharged in addition to his responsibilities as secretary of the Big Bend Milling Company. Mr. Hill was united in marriage on the 6th of October, 1887, at Portland, Oregon, to Miss Margaret E. Sparks, who passed away on May 29, 1904. Two children were born of this union: N. Russell, who is mentioned at greater length elsewhere in the volume; and Margaret, the wife of Carleton Hayes, of Seattle, Washington. The fraternal relations of Mr. Hill are confined to his membership in the Masonic order, Acacia Lodge, No. 58, R. A. M., and the Woodmen of the World. In his political views he is a republican, giving his support to the men and meas ures of this party and deeming its policy best adapted to subserve the general interests of the country. Mr. Hill is one of the capable business men of the town and in addition to his other interests owns a fine wheat farm of one hundred and sixty acres near Adrian, Washington. During the long period of his residence in Davenport he has won the esteem and regard of many of its citizens by reason of his possession of those substantial qualities that invariably win recognition. As a citizen he has always been progressive, giving his unqualified support in promot ing the adoption of every measure that would in any way tend to forward the best interests of the community; while as a public official he has given efficient and competent service. GEORGE W. ARMSTRONG. George W. Armstrong, occupying a responsible position with the J. F. Hill Paving Company, was born at Buffalo, New York, September 8, 1863, and is a son of William and Sarah Armstrong, of that place. His father, with his family moved to Brussels, Ontaria, and was one of the earliest settlers of that portion of Canada and before the railroads were built was engaged for twenty years in operating stage mail lines. The son, George W. Armstrong, received a public- school education and worked upon his father's farm until twenty-two years of age. In 1886 he went to Buffalo, Cass county. North Dakota, where he engaged first in farming and then turned his attention to commercial pursuits, establishing and conducting an implement business. Subsequently he was engaged in the banking business and for four years was cashier of the Exchange State Bank of Buffalo, where he resided altogether for thirteen years. During that period he was also a prominent factor in democratic circles there and was a member of the state execu tive committee for years. He also held some local offices, acting for a number of G. W. ARMSTRONG SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 387 years as chairman of the board of supervisors of Cass county, while for four years, under President Cleveland's second administration, he served as deputy United States marshal. Mr. Armstrong came to Spokane in November, 1899, and here turned his atten tion to real-estate and mining interests, with which he was connected for five years. In association with R. A. Hutchinson he incorporated the Salmon River Mining Company in Okanogan county, where they conducted business until 1902, when they disposed of their interest to Minneapolis capitalists. In 1905 Mr. Armstrong went to Priest Rapids on the Columbia river, in advance of the build ing of the Milwaukee railroad to that district, and secured a tract of land of nearly nine thousand acres. He then incorporated a company known as the Columbia River Orchards Company, of which he was manager and secretary. They built fourteen miles of irrigating ditches and Mr. Armstrong was active in the develop ment of that property until 1909, when he disposed of his interest and returned to Spokane at the request of Mayor Pratt, who in September of that year, in recog nition of his ability and fitness for the office, appointed Mr. Armstrong a member of the board of public works and president of the police commission, which also carried with it the superintendency of the streets.' He was also appointed presi dent of the board of fire commissioners and was later made secretary of the board of public works and became its president upon the resignation of F. W. Wey mouth. In this position the duties of superintendent of the waterworks also de volved upon him. Under his supervision were made all of the additions to Spo kane's water system, including the laying of seventy-eight miles of pipe. He de signed the pumps that were installed to take care of this addition and conducted all the business in a most systematic, economical and yet progressive manner, so that his service to the city in this connection is almost inestimable. When the present form of commission government was adopted he went out of office, and so thorough and well formulated were his plans that the present water commissioner has seen fit to carry them out. Mr. Armstrong is now devoting his attention to the interests of the J. F. Hill Paving Company and travels from Denver to British Columbia, winning the support of city councils where the Hill Company desires to put through big paving contracts. Mr. Armstrong has large holdings of real estate in Tacoma and Seattle and owns timber lands on the coast, which contain many million feet of lumber. He has improved farms in Adams and Okanogan counties, this state, and also in Cook and Gillam counties, Oregon, which are mostly devoted to general farming and which he all works for his own account. Moreover, he owns one hundred and twenty acres close to Houston, Texas, which are devoted to the raising of tobacco and which he rents. He is the owner and president of the Goldendale Milling Company of Goldendale, Washington. Mr. Armstrong still remains an active democrat, although he has repeatedly declined to hold public office. He has served as a member of the city democratic committee, has been a delegate to the state convention and was the first to advo cate and put in force the direct primary election of the democratic nominees in this state. This was in the fall of 1906, just a year before the state compulsory law was adopted. On the 31st of January, 1884, at Brussels, Ontario, Mr. Armstrong was united in marriage to Miss Margaret McLeod, a daughter of Kenneth and Mary (Mc- voi. m— 20 388 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Donald) McLeod of that city. They had four children: Garnet, who died in Spo kane at the age of nineteen years, just after he had graduated from the high school ; Secord, who is with the Spokane Gas Company ; Stanley, a student in the Washington Agricultural College at Pullman ; and George, who died at the age of sixteen years. The family reside at No. 2007 Ninth avenue in an attractive home which is justly noted for its warm-hearted hospitality. Mr. Armstrong belongs to Spokane Lodge, No. 228, Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, the Order of Moose and is a member of the Inland Club. He has never been especially active in fraternal circles, however, preferring to concen trate his energies upon his business and official duties, and in both fields he is re garded as a. man of influence whose counsel is worthy of consideration because his views are practical and his principles are based upon a progressive spirit. NICHOLAS E. J. GENTRY. For a quarter of a century identified with the grain trade in Washington and most of that period at Pullman, Whitman county, Nicholas E. J. Gentry has be come a well known figure in that particular branch of business in the great north west. He was born in Lincoln county, Missouri, February 18, 1860, a son of Reu ben and Sarah (Mcintosh) Gentry, both of whom were natives of Virginia. He is also a grandson of George Gentry and Joseph Mclntosch, both of Virginia, who were participants in the Mexican war. The early years of N. E. J. Gentry were spent in Missouri, where he attended the public schools, and later in Pike county, where he took a course in the McCune College. In 1882 he began teaching school continuing in this profession until 1887, when he removed to Washington, settling in Whelan, Whitman county, where he entered the employ of Chambers & McConnell, doing a general grain business. He remained in that connection until 1895, in which year he removed to Pullman and took charge of the Farmers Alliance Warehouse at that point. In 1897 he was employed by Chambers & Price in the capacity of grain buyer. Two years later he entered the employ of Aaron Kuhn, his duties being to pur chase grain in Pullman and Moscow. In 1901 he began working for the Kerr- Gifford Company, acting for them also in the capacity of buyer. He removed to Seattle two years later and entered into partnership with Palmerton, Harvey & Gentry in the grain business. He sold his interest the following year, however, and, returning to Pullman, entered the employ of the Puget Sound Warehouse Company as local representative, having since remained in that capacity- He is interested in several business concerns, being a stockholder and director in the First National Bank, director and president of the Star Bottling Works and a stockholder in the Pullman Leo Fruit Products Company. Mr. Gentry was married in Missouri, October 10, 1883, to Miss Mary I. Cunningham, a native of that state and a daughter of Joel B. and Martha (Kun- brough) Cunningham, both natives of Kentucky. To this union have been born two children: Ruby May, who remains at home; and Grover Cleveland, now liv ing in Seattle. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 389 The political allegiance of Mr. Gentry is given to the democracy and he takes considerable interest in political matters, although he has never been an office seeker. He was a school trustee in Whelan, that being the only public position of a semi-political nature which he has occupied. Fraternally he is a member of the local Masonic lodge, having passed through all the chairs, and belongs to the Order of the Eastern Star and the Woodmen of the World, in both of which he has also filled all the chairs. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is a trustee. There are many commendable traits of character possessed by Mr. Gentry which have served to ally him to the greater interests of the northwest. First of all he is possessed of absolute integrity, guarding carefully and well the large and varied interests which have been given into his charge. He is an indefatigable worker, his personality is genial and while loyalty to his employers has always characterized him he at the same time scrupulously safeguards the interests of the customers with whom, in the interest of his employers, he does business. During his comparatively long residence in Whitman county he has surrounded himself with a large circle of friends, with whom he is always a prime favorite. His lodge connections easily place him in the front rank among men connected with the fraternal circles of Whitman county, and in the interest of the order to which he belongs he is always active and aggressive, his labors being conducive to the material advancement and the beneficent influence exerted in the commu nity by them. EDWARD PITTWOOD, D. D. S. One of the best known members of professional circles of Spokane is Dr. Edward Pittwood, who has the distinction of being the veteran dentist of the city, considered from the standpoint of years of continuous practice, having located here twenty-eight years ago. He was born in Iroquois county, Illinois, on the 12th of March, 1860, and is a son of L. N. and Maria (Hookway) Pittwood. The parents were both natives of England and were direct descendants of the famous Saunders family. They are now deceased, the father, who was a physician, hav ing passed away in 1897, while the mother's death occurred in 1867. Dr. Pittwood was reared in his native state and acquired his preliminary education in the public schools of Watseka, Illinois. Having decided to adopt the profession of dentistry for his life vocation he subsequently matriculated in the dental department of the University of Ohio and was awarded the degree of D. D. S. from that institution with the class of 1881. He first engaged in prac tice in Kankakee, Illinois, but two years later he decided to come to the north west, and in 1883 opened an office in Spokane, where he has ever since followed his profession. The Spokane of that period bore little resemblance to the thriving city of today, and Dr. Pittwood is the only representative of his profession of that period who is still actively engaged in practice. He has met with success and is now located in the Hyde block, where he has pleasant and well equipped offices. He has always been one of the enthusiastic admirers of this city, in the upbuild ing and development of which he has been a tireless worker, and it is in this con- 390 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE nection in all probability he will be longest remembered. Much of what he has accomplished for the welfare of the community has never been attributed to him, as he is not self-assertive in any sense of the word nor has he ever sought public favor or honors. He is a very public-spirited man, whose rare sense of the re sponsibilities of citizenship and the obligation it involves compels his loyalty and the conscientious fulfillment of every duty that will forward the development of the municipality. In this city on the 14th of February, 1889, Dr. Pittwood was united in mar riage to Miss Elizabeth Reed, a daughter of George H. and Harriet Reed, and to them have been born two children : Ann Lucille, who was graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts and is now a member of the Shirley Stock Company of Spokane; and Edward H., who is still attending school. Dr. Pittwood has attained the rank of a Knight Templar in the Masonic fra ternity, of which order he has been a member for thirty-one years, having been initiated in the spring of 1881. He votes the republican ticket but has never been an aspirant to official honors. He was for some years a member of the state board of dental examiners. All matters connected with his profession engage his attention and he was one of the organizers and the first vice president of the State Dental Society, and he is also affiliated with the Spokane County and State Dental Associations. He is also president of the Sprague Avenue Improvement! Club and is one of the oldest continous members of the Spokane Chamber of Commerce. Dr. Pittwood was the first citizen to advocate grade separation to the Northern Pacific Railway and was in correspondence with President Elliot months before the general public was aware any steps were being taken to bring this about. He was likewise the one who first called public meetings of citizens to erect a concrete bridge across the Spokane river at Monroe street and made many public addresses on this subject with the result that last November saw the opening of the new Monroe street bridge, the longest span in the United States, Dr. Pittwood is held in high esteem in both the business and professional circles of Spokane, both by reason of his invaluable services to the city and his many fine, substantial personal qualities, the worth of which have been fully during the long period of his residence here. FRANK McCONNELL SLAGLE. Frank McConnell Slagle, president of the Palouse Country Improvement Com pany and also of the Pullman Chamber of Commerce, is one of the city's most enterprising and public-spirited business men. He was born in Fairfield, Iowa, on the 3d of October, 1855, and is a son of Christian W. and Nancy M. (Seward) Slagle, the father a native of Pennsylvania and the mother of Connecticut. His parents were both descended from colonial families, his maternal ancestors having participated in the Revolutionary war. The early education of Frank McConnell Slagle was obtained in the public schools of his native town, after which he attended the State University at Iowa City, his student days being terminated at the age of nineteen years. He began his business career in 1874 as a bank clerk, his first position being with the First SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 391 National Bank at Red Oak, Iowa. In January, 1875, he accepted a similar place in the Bank of Creston at Creston, Iowa. Later in the same year he removed to Perlee, Iowa, to become general manager of the Jefferson County Coal Company and he also had charge of the company's store and discharged the duties of post master. He retained this position until 1879, when he went to Boston, Massachu setts, and entered the Boston Law School and also read law in the office of the Honorable J. G. Abbott. He remained there only a short time, however, subse quently going to Chicago, which was rapidly developing into one of the great commercial centers of the country, and engaged in the commission business. From there he went to the Black Hills as manager of the Alta Lodi Mining Company, and during the period of his connection with this enterprise he built a forty stamp quartz mill and a flume fourteen miles long. As he had applied himself to business very steadily for several years, in Au gust, 1881, Mr. Slagle decided to go on a long vacation, so he went into the wilds of Montana among the Crow Indians, hunting buffalo and other big game. The following summer he returned to Iowa and in July, 1882, together with others organized the firm of F. M. Slagle & Company of Alton, Iowa, dealers in lumber, grain and coal. Owing to his capable management the undertaking thrived from its incipiency, and they extended the scope of their activities until they had es tablished eighteen lumber and coal yards and twelve elevators in northwestern Iowa and South Dakota. Mr. Slagle had the general management of this com pany until 1902, when he was offered the position of dean of the Massachusetts College of Osteopathy. As he was most desirous of giving his children the benefit of the better educational advantages and broader culture of the east, he accepted the offer and removed his family to Brookline, Massachusetts, where he remained for six years. In 1906, he gave up his duties as dean and withdrew from all busi ness and lived retired for two years, at the expiration of which time he came to Whitman county. Mr. Slagle had always been much interested in this section of the country, recognizing that it afforded wonderful opportunities and advantages to the specu lator, as its agricultural development has hardly yet begun. Before locating here he purchased eight hundred acres of land six miles west of Pullman, and he has since acquired other realty interests. In January, 1909, together with others he organized the Palouse Country Improvement Company, of which he is president and general manager. They are engaged in promoting and developing orchard tracts and now have one hundred acres of eight-year orchard in the Grand Ronde valley, Oregon, in addition to another tract of the same size adjacent to Pullman, the latter set in the spring of 1912. In addition, Mr. Slagle is also dealing in lumber and coal. In Illinois, on the 8th of December, 1886, Mr. Slagle was united in marriage to Miss Fannie E. Countryman of New York, a daughter of John H. Countryman. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Slagle, as follows: Helen, Vir ginia and Christian Seward, all of whom are in Brookline, Massachusetts, where they are attending school. The family are members of the Congregational church. In his political views Mr. Slagle is a republican, giving his support to the men and measures of that party. He is a member of the Grange and of the Pullman Chamber of Commerce and actively cooperates in promoting the work of both organizations. He is an 392 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE excellent representative of the type of men to whose enterprise and progressive spirit the northwest is indebted for its rapid and permanent development. He would be an acquisition to any community because of the loyal and stanch support he gives to the municipality. BENJAMIN BURGUNDER. Many of the men who are now living retired in Colfax have spent their active careers in this county. They have been land owners, merchants and manufactur ers and have done their share in the development of the country. Prominent among these is Benjamin Burgunder, whose birth occurred in New York on the 15th of April, 1845, and who is a son of Samuel and Fanny (Steuerman) Burgunder, both of whom were natives of Germany. In 1852 the parents removed to Cincinnati, and in that city Benjamin Burgunder acquired his education in the public schools. At the age of fifteen years he put aside his text-books and began earning his own livelihood. His first position was that of clerk in a wholesale leather store in Cincinnati. Two years later, in 1862, he drove across the plains to Portland, and after locating in that city was employed as clerk in a general store. In January, 1863, he went to The Dalles and in the same year came to Walla Walla, Washing ton, finding again employment in a clerical capacity. In these positions he became very efficient in dealing with the public and handling merchandise and his ability won recognition when he was offered a position at Marcus in a general merchan dise store and in 1865, took charge of a store for the same firm in Colville. The following year, 1866, he removed to the mining districts on the Columbia river and became a partner and acted as manager of the store of Lamphere & Company. He conducted this establishment until 1868 when he removed to Perry Creek, British Columbia, where he engaged in business before returning in 1870 to Col ville, and there also established a mercantile business. In December of the next year he went overland to Portland and accepted a position in that city which he held for two years before returning to Cincinnati in 1872 for a visit. In the autumn of that year he again came west, this time settling in Portland until the following year when he returned to Colville and again entered business in a gen eral store. During the next three years he conducted stores both in Walla Walla and Colfax. At the end of that time he engaged independently in the general merchandise business under the name of Burgunder & Schwabacher, and in 1889 retired permanently from business. In the various positions he has held he re ceived adequate returns for his labors, and by careful investments increased his capital to such an extent that at one time he was the owner of two thousand acres of valuable land. On December 16, 1885, Mr. Burgunder was married to Miss Dora L. Lans- dale, of Eugene, Oregon, who is a daughter of Robert K. and Nancy H. (Calli- son) Burgunder, natives of Kentucky and Illinois respectively. The father was a member of one of the many parties that went to the gold fields of California in 1849. To Mr. and Mrs. Burgunder three children were born: Samuel E. and Robert M., both residents of Colfax; and Leonard, who is living at home. In politics Mr. Burgunder gives his support to the republican party, and m SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 393 1882 served as councilman, being elected to the office on the citizens' ticket. He is a charter member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. For many years he has been very active in promoting the development of the Inland Empire and he is vice president of the Inland Empire Pioneer Association. Since 1894 he has been one of the most prominent citizens who have been working for the suc cess of the Interstate Fair. His public spiritedness and his ardent support of all progressive measures have made him one of the most prominent, influential and active citizens of Colfax. His retirement from the business world was a severe loss to the mercantile circles, and the respect and regard in which he was held while connected with them won him many lasting friends who now attest his worth. JOHN EDMUND KENEDY. Notable among that important and respected class of retired agriculturists,. which the state of Washington in such numbers possesses, is John Edmund Kenedy, of Rosalia, Whitman county. He was born in Polk county, Oregon, February 4, 1855, his father being William Kenedy, who was born in North Carolina, and his mother, Sarah (Richardson) Kenedy, a native of Illinois. The parents were among the hardy pioneers who in 1852 braved the long, tedious journey across the great American plains, driving from the state of Illinois to Oregon, where they took up their abode and where the remainder of their lives was passed. John Edmund Kenedy was educated in the public schools of Oregon where he remained, alternating between assisting his father in farm work and carefully pur suing his studies, until 1872, when he removed to Whitman county, Washington, and took up homestead and timber culture claims near Rosalia. The government land which he obtained in this manner comprised three hundred and twenty acres. In due time he received his patents from the government and continued working successfully on his farm until by the year 1900 he had increased his holdings to eight hundred and seventy acres of fine tillable land. Early in his farming career he began raising stock in considerable amounts, a practice which he continued up until about 1893. Since 1900 in connection with his farm work, which he has never abandoned, he engaged in mining to a large extent. Among mercantile enter prises conceived by Mr. Kenedy is the Pine Creek Dairy of Spokane, which he es tablished in that year, and conducted until 1904, when he disposed of that interest. From 1874 until 1886 he was in partnership with Melville E. Choate and he had no individual holdings until after the dissolution of that partnership. Mr. Kenedy was married at Waverly, Washington, September 28, 1887, to Miss Melissa J. Loy, who was born in Kansas and is a daughter of Samuel A. and Jane (McCarthy) Loy, natives of Pennsylvania and Michigan respectively. Mrs. Kenedy with her parents crossed the plains in covered wagons in 1882. By her marriage she became the mother of two children: Edith E., now Mrs. Ella Stone, of Whit man county; and Loy Melville, who remains at home with his parents. Politic ally Mr. Kenedy is a republican of the independent type and has for four years been a member of the Rosalia city council. His fraternal affiliations include mem bership in the Odd Fellows lodge, in which he is an active worker who has filled all of the chairs. He is a member of the Woodmen of the World, the Farmers 394 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Union and the United Artisans. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kenedy are members of the Christian church wherein he is serving as a trustee. As a son of the great northwest Mr. Kenedy is not unacquainted with those pioneer experiences which were so common and ofttimes hazardous in the early days. In his early manhood he assisted in the building of two stockades for the protection of the white settlers against the Indians, one of these being located at Pine City and one below Rosalia. An active man throughout his ¦ business life, assisting greatly in the building up of the communities in which he lived, active in civic and fraternal as well as business circles, he has by his earnest, well directed efforts long since become recognized as one of the prominent, valued and most highly respected citizens of Whitman county. JAMES BARRETT HOLT. The tendency of the age is toward specialization. Investigation has broad ened knowledge to such an extent that it would be impossible for any individual to know all there is to be known concerning any science, profession or industrial interest of the world. After gaining a knowledge of the general principles the individual may carry his study to a high degree of perfection in special lines and attain therein a proficiency which would be impossible under other circumstances. Such a course has James B. Holt followed, becoming recognized as an able or- chardist. He is engaged in this pursuit near Pullman, Whitman county. His birth occurred at Anderson Court House, South Carolina, September 21, 1851, his parents being Alfred and Harriet (Thomas) Holt, natives of Tennessee and South Carolina respectively. James B. Holt pursued his early education in the public schools of South Carolina. In 1861 his parents removed to Marietta, Georgia, and he entered the schools of that city. In the spring of 1 866 his parents came to Oregon by way of New York, Isthmus of Panama and San Francisco, and after settling in Linn county, Oregon, James Holt again entered the public schools. His term here, however, lasted but three months. The following year he undertook to assist his father in his agricultural pursuits and gained some knowledge of the duties and intricacies of farm culture. He remained at home thus employed until 1871 when he, in company with his parents, went to Rebel Flat three miles south of Colfax. There he took up a one hundred and sixty acre homestead claim, a preemption claim of one hundred and sixty acres and eighty acres timber land. He devoted his time to developing this property while he was proving it up, and it was his home until 1 877. When he came to this country he had brought horses and cat tle with him, and in 1877, in partnership with his father, he engaged in stock dealing, trading horses and cows for sheep. Previously, in the winter of 1875, when he had one hundred head of cattle he lost all but fifteen. In 1878 he en gaged in the horse business on Union Flat and three years later removed to Wa- wawai on the Snake river where he, in partnership with J. B. Tabor, purchased four hundred acres and put out sixty acres of peaches, plums, prunes, apricots, cherries, apples and grapes. He continued to cultivate and improve this land J. B. HOLT SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 397 until 1889 when he formed a corporation which purchased the adjoining land until they controlled one thousand acres. As he took the initiative in incorporat ing this company he was subsequently given charge of its management, and much of the productivity of this property, two hundred and fifty acres of which is planted to fruit trees, is due to his efforts. He remained there until the panic of 1893 when they lost so heavily that they were compelled to dispose of the prop erty and after that transaction Mr. Holt had but three hundred dollars as capital with which to start in business again. The corporation had beeit composed in part of J. A. Perkins, W. J. Hamilton, Dr. Mitchell and H. H. Spalding. In 1894 Mr. Holt removed to Albion, Washington, rented a small place and began to raise hogs, chickens and garden truck. This enterprise was conducted on a very small scale, but as rapidly as his resources allowed he added to the prop erty and stock until in 1896, when he removed to Pullman, Washington, and opened a small commission house. In these various undertakings he had tried to regain his former fortune and in 1901 was able to purchase twenty-five acres adjoining Pullman and planted it in orchard. He continued developing this prop erty and met with such success that in 1910 he sold six thousand boxes of apples and is now one of the leading small orchardists of Pullman county. But he has not confined his attention wholly to agricultural pursuits, but is associated with the leading business-men of Pullman and is stockholder, director and vice presi dent of the Star Bottling & Manufacturing Company, and a stockholder in the Leo Fruit Produce Company! In Whitman county, on the 28th of October, 1875, Mr. Holt was married to Miss Henrietta Tabor, a native of Oregon and a daughter of John B. and Malsina (Taylor) Tabor, both of whom were born in Indiana. To Mr. and Mrs. Holt three children were born: Mrs. W. R. Brewer, who is residing in St. Louis, Mis souri, and is the mother of one child ; Harold G., who is living at home and attending Washington College; and Eva, who died at the age of twelve years. In politics Mr. Holt has always voted with the democratic party. He holds membership in the Masons and the Woodmen of the World. His prominence and interest in civic affairs are shown by an incident which occurred when the county seat of Whitman county was to be established. In the contest for this Mr. Holt drove a stake on his land and called it Whitman City and that place contested with Colfax for the seat. ODELL V. BRYSON. Odell V. Bryson, who is conducting a furniture store in Colfax, was born in Oregon on the 26th of June, 1868, and is a son of Isaac L. and Harriet (Darling) Bryson, natives of Ohio and Illinois respectively. The parents removed to Whit man county in 1871, and settled seven miles north of Colfax on the Palouse river, where the son, Odell V. Bryson, spent his boyhood and youth. His education was acquired in the public schools of Colfax and subsequently in the University of Wash ington at Seattle, in which institution he remained through the sophomore year. He received a free scholarship for Whitman county from James V. Odell and John Lawrence in a competitive examination. Later he engaged in farming in Whitman county, but in 1895 gave up agricultural pursuits to engage in the butcher business 398 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE at Garfield where he remained for one year. After this he taught school and was employed in making railroad ties until 1897 when he returned to Colfax and ac cepted employment putting up straw. Two years later, when he had earned enough money to make the final payment upon his Garfield property, he purchased a coal company and entered upon a business career for himself, this concern being known as the Colfax Fuel Company. In 1906 he opened a warehouse at Almota, but the fol lowing year returned to Colfax and engaged in the furniture business, which he is still conducting. He carries a well selected stock, and by a careful study of the wants of his customers he is proving that his establishment is a most satisfactory and valuable asset to the mercantile world of Colfax. On November 18, 1905, Mr. Bryson was married to Miss Ida Kartowitz, who is a native of Germany and a daughter of Carl and Wilhelmina (Streech) Karto witz, both of whom are at present residing in Germany. Mr. Bryson holds mem bership in the Woodmen of the World, the Knights of Pythias, the Modern Brother hood of America, of which he is secretary, the Moose and the Commercial Club of Colfax. He is also a member of the Christian church. Politically he gives his sup port to the republican party, but frequently casts his vote for man or principal rather than according to party dictates. Throughout the various periods he has resided in Colfax he has won the respect and regard of his fellow citizens, which he holds because of his integrity, loyalty and high sense of honor. He is recognized as one of the most enterprising citizens of Colfax and his assistance is never lack ing when any measure is proposed which will further the social, moral and educa tional development of the town. MATT BAUMGARTNER. Germany has furnished a valuable class of citizens to the new world. They have brought with them from their native country the unremitting energy and per severance characteristic of the Teutonic race and in the great majority of cases have attained success in the management of varied business affairs. Matt Baum- gartner, who is residing in Spokane, was born at Bingen-on-the-Rhine, Germany, on the 31st of March, 1872, his parents being George and Katherine (Weber) Baum gartner. The mother died in 1910. In his native land the father was an architect and contractor. Until he was nineteen years of age Matt Baumgartner attended school in Ger many being graduate of the School of Mines at Freiburg, and he later assisted his father in the contracting business until time to enter the usual required military service. After the completion of his term he came to the United States, locating first in California, where he mined for two years, and then was engaged as a chemist assayer in San Francisco and the Coeur d'Alenes. He was interested in mining in Arizona, Colorado and Montana for a short time, after which he went to the Coeur d'Alene mining district, where he has since been interested. He is serv ing as president of the Listen Mining Company and is a life member and the presi dent of the Washington state branch of the American Mining Congress. At Wallace, Idaho, on the 5th of January, 1898, Mr. Baumgartner was married to Miss Mamie Frances Allen, a daughter of James and Katherine Allen and a SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 399 sister of Eddie Allen, the Irish comedian, whose stage name was Allen Doon. Mrs. Baumgartner possesses artistic talent of a high order and has painted a number of excellent pictures, making a specialty of figure painting. By her marriage she has become the mother of one child, Katherine Hughe, who is attending school. Politically Mr. Baumgartner gives his support to the republican party and fra ternally he is a Mason, holding membership in the blue lodge. The prosperity of the companies in which he is interested is due in a large measure to their president, who gives his whole time and most careful attention to their management. Among those who have achieved prominence as men of marked ability and substantial worth in Spokane Mr. Baumgartner occupies a prominent position. HANS MUMM. A German-American citizen who has distinguished himself in many ways dur ing an extended residence in the northwest is Hans Mumm, government weather observer at Rosalia, a retired farmer who was the pioneer of the bee industry in this section and a school director throughout all his life. He was born in Ger many, May 8, 1852, his parents being Hans and Wiebke (Mueller) Mumm. Hans Mumm was educated in the excellent graded schools of Germany and in 1862 began working with his father on the farm, a vocation which he followed until the death of his parents in 1872, when he entered the bee industry and followed that line of work until 1880, in which year he came to the conclusion that the new world offered advantages not to be found in the fatherland and emigrated to the United States. On landing on this side of the Atlantic he crossed the great American continent to the Palouse country, Washington, where he settled in the locality in which his brother Wesley had previously located and there took up a homestead of one hun dred and sixty acres and also another of similar size under the timber culture laws, his land being situated five miles northeast of Rosalia. He labored inces santly and by his well directed efforts he early succeeded in placing the greater part of his land under a good state of cultivation and added to the farm such improvements as were necessary. After obtaining government patent to this land he again engaged in his former occupation, that of bee culture, thus becoming the pioneer of the bee business in this community. In addition to these interests he is a stockholder in the National Bank of Rosalia, owns stock in the local telephone company and also in the Rosalia Water Company of which concern he is the treasurer. He has also given a considerable share cT" his time and attention to the raising of fruit. His labors on the farm were eminently successful and after engaging actively in various lines of business until 1907, he retired in that year and removed to Rosalia, where he is now living. In addition to his property near Rosalia he has considerable holdings in Spokane and Everett, Washington. It was in 1875 that Mr. Mumm was married to Miss Louisa Binge, the ceremony taking place prior to his emigration to this country. His bride is a daughter of Daniel and Anna C. (Wuelfer) Binge, both natives and lifelong residents of Ger many. To Mr. and Mrs. Mumm were born two children: Hans, who was grad uated from the college at Pullman in 1901, and who afterward married Miss Susan 400 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Spaulding, by whom he has one daughter, Lois Annette ; and Anna, still living at home with her parents. When he left Germany, taking with him his passports, Mr. Mumm did so with the full intention of becoming an American citizen, and one of his first acts upon arriving in Washington was to officially declare his intention to become a -citizen of the United States, renouncing all allegiance to governments, princes and po tentates of Germany and every other country whatsoever. On reviewing the politi cal situation of the country he became affiliated with the republican party and in 1892 he was appointed by the government of the United States as weather ob server at Rosalia. He has a finely kept office and his efficient service in this con nection has been of great value to the people of this community and surrounding country. He has always taken great interest in educational matters and has all his life been a school director. The successful business career of Mr. Mumm, when considered in connection with the interest which he has taken in educational and civic matters, furnishes a conspicuous example of the splendid German- American citizens who in such large numbers now give fealty to the American flag. Perhaps no nationality of foreign birth or language has contributed in so large a degree to the citizenship of this great country as have the Germans. The splendid educational facilities possessed by the fatherland is no doubt a great factor in making this true. Mr. Mumm in his business and public life has always formed friends in large numbers and by his consistent, affable and sociable demeanor has held, probably, a larger propor tion of them than has the large majority of men. His dealings in all the affairs of life have always been characterized by integrity, impartiality and fairness and he is in all respects one of the most valued and highly esteemed citizens of the country of his adoption. H. T. BURNETT. H. T. Burnett, who has been connected with the commercial activities of Daven port for the past five years, was born in London, England, on the 10th of August, 1869, and is a son of C. Compton and Sarah A. Burnett. The father, who was a clergyman in the church of England, emigrated to the United States with his wife and family in 1872, locating in Iowa. There he followed his profession for eleven years when he came to Spokane, Washington, as rector of All Saints church. As he was a child of only three years when he accompanied his parents on their removal to the United States, H. T. Burnett obtained his education in the public schools of Iowa and Spokane. He was an industrious, enterprising lad and during his school days used to earn his own spending money by working at various occupations suitable for one of his age. It was at this time that the Spokane Falls Review, now the Spokesman Review, was founded and Mr. Burnett carried and delivered the first issues of this paper, of which he is now the exclusive rep resentative in Davenport. When he had attained the age of seventeen years he left school and located on his father's ranch, in the vicinity of Spokane, devoting his attention to its cultivation during the succeeding four years. Deciding at the expiration of that period that he wanted to learn a trade he returned to the city SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 401 and entered the National Iron Works as a machinist's apprentice. At the end of his three years' service he entered the employment of Graham & Company, whole sale and retail stationers, with whom he remained for twelve and a half years. He was a faithful and conscientious employe, early displaying qualities that won for him the confidence of the firm, who promoted him from time to time in ac cordance with the ability he displayed until he was manager of the wholesale sta tionery department, from which position he resigned in 1906 to come to Daven port. By reason of his thrift he had acquired sufficient capital to engage in busi ness for himself and coming to Davenport he opened a book and stationery store. He carries a full and complete line of periodicals and newspapers and also keeps a stock of confectionery and toys and such notions as are usually handled in an establishment of this kind. His store is well kept and tastefully arranged and naturally attracts many patrons, while the gracious and courteous treatment ac corded all enables Mr. Burnett to retain his customers. He has built up a very good business during the period of his operations here and is constantly gaining patronage. Spokane was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Burnett to Miss Margaret Meacham, a daughter of George Meacham of that city, on the 15th of July, 1901. Of this union there have been born four children: Ruth, whose birth occurred in 1903; Trafford, born in 1906; and Herbert and Hugh, twins, who were born in 1907. Mr. and Mrs. Burnett are members of the Episcopal church,- in the work of which they take an active and earnest interest, Mr. Burnett at the present time being treasurer. He is also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, being identified with Davenport Lodge, No. 55, of which he has been financier for the past three years, and he is affiliated with the Redmen, holding the office of collector in this order. His political support Mr. Burnett gives to the republican party, the policy of which receives his unqualified indorsement, but he does not take an active part in municipal affairs, feeling that his personal matters require his undivided time and attention. EDMUND EVERETT FLOOD. The annals of successful and extensive business operations of the great north west are not surpassed in comparative splendor or magnitude by those of any sec tion in the United States. A conspicuous figure in the history of this part of the Union is Edmund Everett Flood, manager of the Broadview Dairy Farm, ad joining the city limits of Rosalia, Whitman county, Oregon. The name of Flood is not distinguished by business interests and activities alone, however, as in the veins of the subject of this review flows the blood of the patriots of 1776, to whose self-sacrificing and perilous labors in the founding of this republic we are indebted to for the liberties and the civilization which we today enjoy. This is true, as both the paternal and maternal great-grandfathers of Mr. Flood were actively engaged in the war of the revolution. Mr. Flood was born in the state of Maine, July 11, 1881. The grandfathers were David Flood and John Brackett, both of Massachusetts, and the father was ,**zwmab^.,. 402 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Allen H. Flood, a native of Maine, and the mother Elizabeth Brackett, born and reared in New Hampshire. The parents removed to Marshall, Washington, in 1889, where they settled and where Mr. Flood received a common-school educa tion, finishing in the schools of Spokane. The father, with true pioneer spirit, drove oxen in the lumber camps of Washington and worked at the dairying busi ness in a small way to support his family. From 1896 to 1898 Edmund E. Flood worked for a dairyman and continued his schooling arid in 1898 he worked in the small dairy owned and operated by his father. In 1899 he moved to Butte, Montana, where he entered the employ of the Butte Gas Company, and remained with that concern for about a year. He then returned to Spokane and entered into partnership with C. B. Foote in the plumbing business, the firm name being C. B. Foote & Company. This proved to be a disastrous business venture and in the fall of the same year Mr. Flood removed to Seattle and entered the employ of the Seattle Gas Company. In the spring of the following year he returned to Spokane and established the Broadview Dairy Company, the dairy comprising at its beginning thirty-six cows. He continued in this business in Spokane until in creasing patronage demanded a larger place. Accordingly, in 1904, through his efforts, the Broadview Dairy Farm was incorporated, with A. H. Flood, presi dent; E. E. Flood, vice president, and F. B. Flood, secretary. In 1906 this cor poration changed the place of its operations to Marshall Junction, purchasing six hundred acres and establishing a dairy with one hundred and fifty cows. In 1909 the concern purchased six hundred and forty acres adjoining the town of Rosalia, which became the seat of the Concern's operations. Business grew under the wise management of Mr. Flood as its manager and vice president until now the dairy comprises from six hundred to eight hundred cows and in addition to the six hundred and forty acres which it operates an entire section of land is rented to supplement the six hundred and forty acres it owns in the way of helping to fur nish feed for the dairy stock. An important branch of this company's business is a large ice cream factory in Spokane, which also does a general retail milk business and handles one-third of the entire milk supply of that city. In addi tion to the large interests of Mr. Flood in the dairy at Rosalia and the ice cream factory and milk business at Spokane he is also a stockholder and director of the bank of Rosalia. His ability and untiring efforts in connection with the dairy business have given him prominence throughout this section and he is at present vice president of the Northwestern Live Stock Association. His well known loyalty to the northwest and the untiring interest which he takes in its upbuilding and prosperity have made him popular throughout the business circles of Whit man county, and he is now vice president of the Rosalia Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Flood was married in Rosalia, Washington, on June 28, 1904, to Miss Pebble Mae Fish, of Missouri, a daughter of Robert J. and Temperance (Mor gan) Fish, her father being a native of Illinois and her mother of Kentucky. To this union one son has been born, David J. Fraternally Mr. Flood is affiliated with the Masonic order, having progressed in Masonry up to and including the thirty-second degree. He is also a member of the Odd Fellows and of the Knights of Pythias, as well as belonging to the Inland Club of Spokane. In his political views he is a republican, although maintaining sufficient independence of the grand old party to vote for other candidates when they appear to him to be more suited to the positions they seek than are the candidates of his own party. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 403 it This brilliant young business man, though young in years, has by his own 'efforts, unaided by inheritances, achieved a business success greatly superior to that which ordinarily befalls the lot of men of mature years. Born of splendid lineage, possessing courage, wisdom, discretion and ambition, he has single-handed and alone fought his way forward in the commercial world until he has become well known in dairying and stock circles throughout this state. The management of the affairs of the large corporation in his hands entails no small responsibility and to his wise and aggressive policies the company is very largely indebted for the great degree of success to which it has attained. It is not to be wondered at that such a man should be popular among his acquaintances and friends, as not only his business ability but his genial, companionable manner everywhere inspire confidence and esteem. Edmund E. Flood is destined to carve out for himself an unusually brilliant and successful business career and is to become still more widely known, more valuable to the northwest and more useful to his community. GEORGE WILLIAM REED. George William Reed, who is successfully engaged in the real-estate business at Pullman, was born in Frederick county, Virginia, November 22, 1850. His parents, James M. and Mary C. (Miller) Reed, were born natives of Virginia and were reared and married in that state. In 1858 they removed to Missouri, locating on a farm there. During the Civil war the father served on the Union side in the state militia. George William Reed, being eight years of age when his parents removed to Missouri, had attended the public schools in his native state for a couple of terms and on reaching Missouri, completed his education in the public schools there. In 1866 he began working on his father's farm, where he remained until 1870, when he started out in life for himself by working as a farm hand in Missouri. In February, 1875, he went to Shasta county, California, and was there employed for one year by the California & Oregon Stage Company. In the fall of 1876 he moved to Chico, California, and until June, 1877, was employed in a sash and door factory. He then came to Washington, locating at Palouse, where he started the first steam sawmill in that district and it was the second steam sawmill in the county, known as Farnsworth, Worley & Company. In 1878 he took charge of and operated the Reed Hotel at Palouse, but after one year removed to a farm six miles north of Pullman, where he homesteaded a tract of one hundred and sixty acres and improved the same, residing there until 1891. He then came to Pullman and engaged in the real-estate and loan business, remaining in this line of work until June, 1893. In that year he bought a half-interest in the grocery store of R. B. Bragg and continued in that work until 1899, the store being con ducted under the firm name of Bragg & Reed. He then went to Tacoma, where he was engaged in the grocery business until 1901, when he returned to his home farm and operated the same for one year. Returning to Pullman, he there estab lished a furniture business in partnership with William White, under the firm name of White & Reed. Later Mr. Reed purchased the interest of Mr. White and oper ated the store as the Reed Furniture Store until 1904, when he sold a half-inter- 404 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE est to R. G. Smith and together they managed the furniture store until 1906, when Mr. Reed sold out and has since devoted his entire attention to the real-estate business. He has an extensive patronage and is very successful in his line of work. He is a stockholder in the Leo Vinegar & Produce Company and is at pres ent a member of the Pullman Chamber of Commerce. At Whelan, Washington, on the 28th of February, 1878, Mr. Reed was united in marriage with Miss Addie Branham, who was born in Kansas, a daughter of Christopher C. and Rachel (Reilly) Branham, the father a native of Illinois and the mother of Ohio. Mr. Branham was one of the early pioneers who crossed the plains with horse teams. To Mr. and Mrs. Reed have been born four children: William Edgar, of Libby, Montana; Leila M., who is now Mrs. Robert M. Ray, of Spokane, Washington, and the mother of one son; Gladys Hazel, at home; and one, who died in infancy. In politics Mr. Reed is a democrat and he has served as councilman for one term. He has ever been greatly interested in school work and was a member of the board of education for several years, being a member when the first high-school diplomas were granted. In 1877 he was one of the charter members of the Ma sonic lodge in Pullman and is further identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having filled all the chairs in the local lodge, and also the Order of Rebekahs. He is likewise associated with the Woodmen of the World. Mr. Reed is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, is now a trustee and was the first trustee and one of the organizers of the first church at Pullman. As an early resident of this part of the country he is acquainted with almost the entire history of the county and his memory forms a connecting link between the primitive past and the progressive present. ISRAEL DAY LEMLEY. Among the well known and successful farmers of Whitman county, Washing ton, is Israel Day Lemley, who was born in Monroe county, Ohio, December 4, 1861, being a son of Peter O. and Elizabeth (Rileyr) Lemley, both natives of Ohio. The early youth of Israel Day Lemley was spent in Ohio, where he received a common-school education. As a boy he began actively assisting his father with the work on the farm and so continued until 1887, when he removed to Cheney, Washington, and began farming on his own account on a place four miles west of that town, where he remained until 1890, when, with his two brothers, he pur chased three hundred and twenty acres six miles northwest of Rosalia, Whitman county, Washington. His habits of industry and economy, coupled with wise busi ness management, enabled him from time to time to increase his landed holdings until he became the owner of seventeen hundred and seventv-two acres of land. He now has fifteen hundred acres, all of which is located in Spokane county. Mr. Lemley still owns his ranches which are taken care of and cultivated by his sons, while he makes his residence in Rosalia, where he has purchased a home in order that his younger children might have better school facilities. Mr. Lemley was married in Ohio, in 1881, to Miss Callie Burkey, of that state. Her father, John Burkey, was a native of Switzerland, and her mother, who in her I. D. LEMLEY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 407 maidenhood was Secretia Dillon, was born in Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Lemley were born nine children: Forest and Clarence, both residing in Spokane county on ranches owned by their father; Homer, who is living in Idaho; Millie, who became the wife of William Vandecar, of Spokane county; and Ada, Addie, Lester, Cyrus and Thelma, all of whom are at home. Mr. Lemley is an independent democrat in his political views and, although not a politician in the office-seeking sense of the word, he takes time to give a reasonable amount of attention to public affairs. He is deeply interested in educational matters and has been a school trustee for a considerable period. In his fraternal affiliations he is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Farmers Union and the Grange. He takes an active interest in church work and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is one of the trustees. He is also a member of the Rosalia Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Lemley is a valued, active and influential citizen in the county of which he is a resident. His activity in public and particularly educational and church affairs have given him an extensive acquaintance so that he is among the better known citizens of Whitman county. In his manner of life he is generous, sociable and patriotic, and his business dealings are characterized by integrity and equal justice to all with whom he comes in contact. WILLIAM W. McCREARY. William W. McCreary is a member of the firm of McCreary & Willard, rail road contractors of Spokane, and for many years has been well known in connec tion with railway building in the northwest. Capability, energy and determina tion have been the salient features in winning him success that places him among the leading business men of his class in this part of the country. He was born at Cape Vincent, in the state of New York, July 29, 1857, a son of James and Sarah McCreary. The family is of Scotch origin, although representatives of the naine in early generations removed to Ireland, and it was in that country that James McCreary was born. He married Sarah McCormack, who was probably of Irish lineage. They became the parents of two sons but the brother of William W. McCreary died in infancy and his parents died while he was too young to remember them. A small amount of incumbent property was left but he never received anything from this, and is a self-made man, who from early age has been dependent entirely upon his own resources. He had no educational advantages save what the common schools afforded. He spent his boyhood days upon a farm but not wishing to follow agricultural pursuits as a life work, he learned the carpenter's trade and in 1880 made his way westward to Minneapolis, where he followed building pursuits, for the city was then growing very rapidly and there was an excellent field for labor in the line of his trade. For about nine years he remained a resident of Minneapolis and then removed to Montana, where he engaged in railroad building on the line of the Northern Pacific, which was then being constructed from Logan to Butte. He had charge of the erection of all of the buildings along the line and was thus engaged until the completion of the road. E. H. McHenry was in charge of the work and G. W. Hendrick was chief en gineer on the Northern Pacific. vol m— 21 408 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE When the line was completed, Mr. McCreary came to Spokane and took a con tract for the terminal buildings at Coulee City on the Central Washington Rail road, which was then building. After the completion of that contract he did some work for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company at Wallace and at Burke, Idaho. About that time railway • construction ceased for some time but later he was ap pointed bridge and building superintendent for the Idaho division of the road, with offices at Sprague. A few years later the railroad shops and offices at that place were destroyed by fire and the headquarters of the company were then re moved to Spokane. Mr. McCreary continued in charge of the bridge building de partment until 1901, when he left the employ of the railroad company to engage in business on his own account, forming a partnership with Mr. Willard, which connection has since continued. Their business at the present time amounts to about one hundred thousand dollars per year. Mr. McCreary was well established by reputation as a railroad builder when he entered upon his present partnership, owing to the excellent work which he had previously done in other connections and it was therefore not difficult to secure a liberal patronage, which now places him among the successful and substantial business men of Spokane. On the 7th of December, 1880, at Flandreau, South Dakota, Mr. McCreary was united in marriage to Miss Margaret A. Owens, a daughter of Richard Owens, and unto them have been born four children: Maud M., the wife of Berton E. Helborn, of Spokane; Harry A., at home; William B., who is attending the Hous ton school; and Richard Allen, who died at the age of five, in Minneapolis. The family attend the Vincent Methodist church, of which Mr. McCreary is a member. He is interested in its work and contributes generously to its support. His politi cal allegiance has always been given to the republican party but without ambi tion or desire for office. His life record illustrates what may be accomplished when ambition and energy lead the way. There are no obstacles too great to be surmounted if those qualities are dominant forces in the life of an individual. Deprived in youth of many of the advantages which should come to the young through parental care, training and assistance, Mr. McCreary nevertheless came to a realization of the fact that in the individual lies the secret of success and not in time, place or circumstance. He has wisely used his opportunities, proving his worth at every point in his career and thus he has attained the creditable success which is now his. MOYE WICKS. Moye Wicks, who has engaged in the practice of law as his real life work and yet has made valuable contributions to literature, is now located in Spokane, where he has secured a clientage of a most important character. He was born at Aber deen, Mississippi, April 22, 1855, a son of M. J. Wicks and Mrs. Sarah Amanda Wicks, nee Jennings. His father was president of various banks and was also president of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad Company. A distinguished officer in the Confederate army, he stood so high in the confidence of the Confederate government as to receive the appointment of its chief financial representative in Europe. Moye Wicks is descended from families of distinction in Europe. His SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 409 first American ancestor on the paternal side was Lambert Wicks, commander of the Reprisal, the first ship of war equipped by President George Washington. In Sloan's History of Our Navy it is said: "He it was who first flaunted the American flag in British waters and first burned British ships in sight of British shores." His first American ancestor on the maternal side was Sir Edmund Jen nings, who came to Virginia in 1703 as royal lieutenant governor under Queen Anne. Mr. Wicks was educated in Virginia and Tennessee in the usual classical, mathematical and law courses. In early manhood he edited a country newspaper and later became editor of the Austin Statesman, one of the oldest daily papers in Texas. The main pursuit of his life has been the practice of law. He has re sided in Los Angeles, California, Houston and Austin, Texas, and is now prac ticing in Spokane. He has been engaged in many important litigations and has contributed to the establishing of legal principles in numerous leading cases of large import. In some degree he is "a lawyer's lawyer," being often engaged by other attorneys to try cases in court. Mr. Wicks was married at Los Angeles, California, July 10, 1884, to Miss Moxley SorreU, a daughter of Colonel Richard Henry Douglas Sorrell, who com manded a Confederate regiment, and niece and namesake of Major General Moxley Sorrell, also of the Confederate army. Mrs. Wicks is descended from a noble French family on her father's side and on her mother's side springs from the Gor dons and Jordans, noted families of Georgia. Mr. and Mrs. Wicks have the fol lowing children: Moye; Madeleine, the wife of Robert Joseph Kennedy, a lawyer of Baltimore, Maryland; Muriel; Marion; Mervyn; Mildred; Melville; Moxley Sorrell; and Mallory. Mr. Wicks is a Catholic in his religious views and in politics is a strict con struction democrat — an advocate of the doctrine of John C. Calhoun that the cen tral government at Washington is but the delegated agent for the sovereign states and but their clearing house for the transaction of interstate affairs and for the regulation of their diplomatic and commercial relations with foreign powers. Though an active lawyer in full practice and regarded as one of the eminent rep resentatives of the bar of the northwest because of his comprehensive understand ing of the principles of jurisprudence and his ability to accurately apply its princi ples, he has found relaxation in literary pursuits and has written several books, notably one entitled "Francis Bacon," which has made a great impression in the higher literary circles of the United States. Extensively Tead in the literature of many languages, he also has wide knowledge concerning art in its various phases and is well known as a collector of paintings, engravings and rare volumes. C. H. HOLMES. C. H. Holmes, one of the prominent citizens of Wilbur who is successfully en gaged in the real-estate and loan business, has been a resident of Lincoln county for twenty-two years, and during that time has been identified with various local activities. He was born in Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, on June 17, 1865, and is a son of C. C. and Mary Holmes. The parents were both natives of the state of New 410 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE York but they removed to Minnesota in 1837 and there the father engaged in the general mercantile and milling business for many years. C. H. Holmes was reared at home and given the advantages of a common-school education. He early laid aside his text-books and began his business career, and being a thrifty and energetic youth of much determination of spirit he met with success. At the age of about twenty years he engaged in the lumber and wood business in Sauk Rapids, but believing that the northwest afforded better oppor tunities and greater advantages, he disposed of his enterprise in 1889 and together with his young wife came to Washington. Lincoln county was his destination and upon his arrival here he filed on a homestead three miles from Wilbur. He was not familiar with agricultural pursuits, but he is a man of practical ideas and clear judgment and by the intelligent direction of his energies met with a goodly meas ure of success. It was his ambition to again engage in business, however, and with this thought in mind he applied himself tirelessly to the operation of his ranch. His efforts were rewarded with constantly increasing returns during the succeed ing seven years, which, together with the price of his ranch, which he sold in 1896, enabled him to engage in the general mercantile business in Wilbur. He carried a well assorted stock of merchandise that he offered at reasonable prices and met with little difficulty in building up a profitable trade. He continued to conduct this store for nine years and at the end of that time sold it to Mr. Parks and in 1906 he opened a real-estate and loan office. This has proven to be a lucrative un dertaking and he has negotiated some large transactions. Since engaging in this business Mr. Holmes has been instrumental in the upbuilding and development of this section of the county, as through his efforts many settlers have been induced to locate in and adjacent to Wilbur. He has acquired some valuable holdings in the Little Kettle mining country, that are being developed, and he also owns four hundred and eighty acres of fine wheat land, which he rents to good advantage. On the 4th of March, 1888, Mr. Holmes was united in marriage to Miss Emma C. G. Waltman, a daughter of J. S. Waltman, a well known veterinary surgeon of Minnesota, and they have become the parents of Harry, Roy, Byron, Cecil, Ida, Earl, Sylvia, Ernest, Lea and Roland, all of whom are attending school. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal church and in politics Mr. Holmes is a republican. He is a public-spirited man and takes an active interest in all movements that affect the welfare of the community. JAMES ALEXANDER MacLEAN, Ph. D., LL. D. Among the foremost educators and scholars of the northwest stands James Alexander MacLean who is president and professor of political science in the Uni versity of Idaho. His birth occurred on the 2d of August, 1868, at Mayfair, On tario, his parents being Alexander and Hannah (Bateman) MacLean. James A. MacLean received his academic preparation at the Strathroy Collegiate Institute from 1880 to '85. After completing his course in the University of Toronto in 1892, where he received the degree of B. A., he entered Columbia University and the following year received the degree of M. A., and in 1894 the degree of Ph. D. During these years he specialized in economics and jurisprudence and because of SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 411 his. keen intellect and careful study he was elected to the professorship of political science in the University of Colorado, which chair he held from 1894 to 1900. In that year he resigned his chair in the University of Colorado and became presi dent of the University of Idaho. He continues to hold this position, and his ability both here and at the University of Colorado was given public recognition when in 1905 the University of Colorado conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. He stands as one of the foremost scholars of the country in his particular department, and the recognition given his ability is national. He holds membership in the American Economic Association, the American Political Science Association and the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, the National Council of the N. E. A., and the American Association of State Universities. Dr. MacLean was married on the 5th of October, 1907, to Miss Mary V. Rob inson, of Moscow, Idaho. To their union three children were born: Alexander R., whose birth occurred on the 13th of September, 1908; Francis R., born February 7, 1910; and Alan H., whose birth occurred on the 3d of August, 1911. Although Dr. and Mrs. MacLean reside in Moscow, they are well known throughout the northwest, not only because of their educational prestige but because of their social qualities. The University of Idaho, of which Dr. MacLean is president, was established by a territorial legislature and opened for the reception of pupils on the 12th of October, 1892. It is most attractively situated on a hill overlooking the city of Moscow and its campus comprises sixty-five acres. The buildings in which its activities are carried on are all modern and substantial structures, and attest the prosperity and rapid growth of the institution.. The Administration building which replaces the original one destroyed by fire in 1906, was first occupied in September, 1909. It is three stories high with central tower and covers a ground space of two hundred fifty-four by one hundred and fifty feet. It is one of the most impos ing structures on the campus, being in collegiate Gothic style, built of red pressed brick with buff colored sandstone trimmings. Because of the disaster to the other Administration building by fire this one has been made absolutely fire proof. The Engineering building which was erected in 1901-02, is a three-story brick struct ure with a ground plan of sixty by one hundred eight feet. Liszt Hall, which was formerly the Horticultural building, is now refitted for the department of music. Ridenbaugh Hall, which is sufficiently large to accommodate one hundred students, serves as the women's dormitory. It was completed in 1902 and is a three-story brick building furnished according to the most modern and approved plans. The armory and gymnasium which was finished in 1904, is a large rectangular struct ure of red brick with a ground plan of one hundred twenty-nine by sixty-four feet. This was erected at a cost of twenty-five thousand dollars. The annex to the gym nasium, which was completed last year, is a wooden structure sixty by one hundred and eighty feet, and is known as Lewis Court. The Assay building is a low struct ure having a floor space of one hundred ten by fifty-two feet. It is built of selected brick with rubble foundation, and is fully equipped for assaying. The Metal lurgical Laboratory is built of red pressed brick and is one of the best laboratories in the northwest. It has a ground plan of eighty-four by ninety-six feet. The total cost of the mining buildings amounted to forty thousand dollars. One of the most imposing buildings on the campus is Morrill Hall, which is devoted to the College 412 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE of Agriculture, and is also the Agriculture Experiment Station. It was completed in 1906 and is built of brick and stone, its cost being about fifty thousand dollars. In 1907 the experimental work of the university was greatly augmented by the erection of a flour mill for experimental work in the improvement of wheat. One end is designed for the investigation of fruit by-products. The forge shop, which is thirty by thirty-four feet, was added in 1907 to the equipment of the department of mechanical engineering. The university also maintains two green-houses, each fifty by eighteen feet. A dairy barn and stock-judging pavilion- were erected in the summer of 1912 at a cost of nine thousand, five hundred dollars. They repre sent the highest standards of convenience, utility and sanitation in buildings de signed for live stock. The herd that is housed and exhibited in these buildings in cludes many individual animals that are well known in' all the prize rings of the country. As is usually the case, the library is one of the most complete depart ments of the institution. It is located on the second floor of the Administration building and contains over twenty thousand volumes in addition to several hundred pamphlets, and receives regularly about one hundred twenty copies of the leading periodicals, both general and technical, in English and foreign languages and also over one hundred Idaho newspapers. The enrollment of the students during the last year was five hundred twenty-seven. Much of the prosperity of the university at the present time is due to the un tiring efforts of its president and to the liberal support which he receives from the citizens of Idaho, their confidence having been placed in him because of the ad mirable record which he has made in educational work. A state university has the possibilities of aiding more directly in the development of its commonwealth than any other line of educational institution, its duty being especially to promote such departments as will aid in the material development of the state which supports it. ISAAC J. GALBRAITH. Spokane stands high among the cities of the west in the appearance of its streets and buildings. Although its growth has been almost phenomenal, at the same time its builders have taken time to consider the effect of their operations. Its buildings are both substantial and adequate and reflect due credit upon the architects, the contractors and the promoters of the city. Among its finer class of buildings are the First Methodist Episcopal church, the Corbet building and the Gandy building, all of which have been erected by the firm of Galbraith & Telander, whose offices are in the Empire State building and of which Isaac J. Galbraith is the senior member. Mr. Galbraith was born in Monongahela, Washington county, Pennsylvania, on the 1st of November, 1859, his parents being Robert and Sarah (Reed) Galbraith, whose deaths occurred in 1904 and 1868 respectively. The father was captain of the Twenty-second Pennsylvania Cavalry in the Civil war and was in active service for four years, participating in the battles of the Wilder ness and Gettysburg. Isaac J. Galbraith received his preliminary education in the public schools of his native state. Subsequently he attended Wesleyan University for three years. After he had completed these courses he began the study of architecture by entering SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 413 the offices of a prominent Pittsburg architect. Until 1882 he was thus employed before engaging in business for himself in partnership with William McBride under the firm name of McBride & Galbraith. This firm had the distinction of designing the first ten-story building that was erected in Pittsburg. Because of ill health Mr. Galbraith removed to Montana in 1887 and was there engaged in business until 1898, when he came to Spokane, where he has since been continuously engaged in business activities. While in Montana he designed the building erected by that state at the World's Fair, Chicago, in 1893. Three years ago he retired from the architectural business and entered the contracting business with J. F. Telander under the firm name of Galbraith & Telander. In addition to their office in this city they also maintain one in Portland, Oregon. The many buildings which they have erected in this city attest their ability and the extensive patronage which they enjoy among the prominent citizens of this city indicates that their methods, in tegrity and constructive work are thoroughly appreciated. Much of their success is due to the untiring efforts, the superior knowledge and the careful direction of the senior partner, Isaac J. Galbraith. On the 28th of May, 1882, Mr. Galbraith was married, at Pittsburg, to Miss Laura Nesbit, a daughter of William and Eliza Nesbit. To their union four chil dren have been born: Cecil C, who was formerly employed as civil engineer by the Great Northern Railroad, and is now engaged at the Bremerton navy yard; Earl C, government mining examiner for the state of Montana; and Charles S. and Winfield, who are students in the high school of this city. Fraternally Mr. Galbraith is a Mason, having attained the third degree, and also held membership in the Knights of Pythias, in which organization he passed through all the chairs but from which he has resigned. To such men as Mr. Galbraith Spokane owes much of its develop ment, and the improvements which are being made along civic lines are in a great measure due to his assistance and interest. N. RUSSELL HILL. N. Russell Hill, editor and manager of the Lincoln County Times at Daven port, is one of the youngest and best known newspaper men in the county. He is a native of Oregon, his birth having occurred at Eugene on the 13th of September, 1888, his parents being Jacob F. and Margaret (Sparks) Hill. The family became residents of Davenport in 1894, and here the mother passed away on the 29th of May, ten years later, but the father is still living and for the past six years has held the office of postmaster. The greater part of the twenty-three years of N. Russell Hill's life has been spent in Davenport, to whose public-school system he is indebted for his education. After graduating from the high school he immediately began preparations for his future career, which he had decided should be that of a newspaper man, by entering the office of the paper now edited by him. He spent three years there in different capacities, thus fully familiarizing himself with the work of the various departments of a country paper. During the succeeding two and a half years he assisted his father in the postoffice, but prefering the vocation of a journalist he subsequently spent six months on the Inland Herald at Spokane and a similar period on the 414 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Odessa (Washington) Record. Returning to Davenport he has ever since been editor and manager of the Lincoln County Times, displaying rare efficiency in both capacities. He is an ambitious young man, of high ideals and definite purpose, who fully recognizes the power of the press in the upbuilding and development of the moral and intellectual standards of a community. His paper stands for truth and right and is fearless in its denunciation of those methods, in either commercial or public life, that are not in accordance with the highest standards. He is progressive in his ideas, and most enthusiastically champions the adoption of every movement that means the advancement of the community or its best interests. On the 9th of October, 1909, Mr. Hill was united in marriage to Miss Ethel Phillips, a daughter of J. B. and Josephine (Matherly) PhilHps, fuller mention of whom appears elsewhere in this work. In political matters Mr. Hill is a republican, and through the columns of his paper at all times gives his unqualified support to the men and measures of this party. Although he has not yet attained his twenty-fourth year, Mr. Hill holds a position in the business world and in the regard of the community that would be a credit to many an older man. His years have been well spent, each contributing its full quota toward the attainment of the standard he has ever held before himself as the fulfilment of life's purpose. GEORGE WASHINGTON NYE. One of the well known business men who has been identified with Garfield, Whitman county, Washington, since 1887, is Mr. George Washington Nye, cashier of the Garfield National Bank. Mr. Nye was born in Ohio, August 21, 1859, a son of James and Anna (Sherrick) Nye, both natives of the Buckeye state. He received his education in the public schools of Ohio, finishing at the normal school at Ada in that state. In 1879 he became a teacher in his native state, a profession which he followed until in 1885, when he removed to Gilliam county, Oregon, where he continued teaching, his first experience being under the time-honored boarding- around system. His next experience in making a livelihood was when he became a clerk in J. W. Smith's general mercantile store in Arlington, Oregon, where he was employed until the summer of 1886, removing to Colfax, Whitman county, Washington, on the 1st of June of that year. On his arrival in that city he se cured employment as a clerk in the store of A. E. Braeman, where he remained until January 1, 1887, at which time he settled in Garfield and entered into part nership with J. C. Lawrence and Greenville C. Holbrook in the hardware business. He owned a half interest and was general manager of the business, a connection which he maintained until 1889. He was then variously employed until in 1890 when he went to Kendrick, Idaho, and laid out the town site. In November of the same year he returned to Garfield and established the Bank of Garfield of which he became a stockholder, director and cashier. In 1898 he engaged in the real-estate business and was connected with this until in 1901, when he returned to the banking business in connection with the Bank of Garfield, which at that time was a private institution and of which he became part owner and assistant cashier. Mr. Nye retained his connection with this bank until 1908, when it was GEORGE W. NYE SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 417 reorganized as the Garfield National Bank with Mr. Nye as cashier, a position which he has since held. On the 14th of June, 1887, Mr. Nye was married, in Ohio, to Miss Priscilla B. McCleery, a native of that state and a daughter of William McCleery, also of Ohio. Unto them have been born three children: Eva, the wife of Fred Boyd, of Garfield, who has a little daughter; and Blanch and Beryle, yet at home. Mr. Nye in his political allegiance affiliates with the republican party. He is a dis tinguished member of the Knights of Pythias, having filled all of its chairs. In his religious association he is a Presbyterian, holding the position of trustee of his church. The active and successful business career of George Washington Nye in the great northwest, particularly in Garfield, where he has longest resided, has con tributed in a marked degree to the upbuilding of the business and social interests of this section. Reliability and integrity have been characteristic of him through out his career and his cordiality of manner as well as his personal magnetism and optimistic nature have surrounded him with an unusually large circle of intimate business, social and fraternal friends. He takes an active interest in all those projects which are calculated to advance the city and county and is in all respects one of the most valuable and able members of the community. GUSTAVE REITH. Gustave Reith, manager of The Holly-Mason Hardware Company, located at Howard and Railroad streets, is well known in the business circles of this city, hav ing been actively identified with the above named concern for twenty-two years. He is a native of Iowa, his birth having occurred in Lansing, that state, in 1861, and a son of John and Henrietta (Kerndt) Reith. His parents were born and reared in Germany, whence they emigrated to the United States about 1854, locating in Iowa. They were subsequently married in Dubuque, whence they moved to Lansing, where for many years the father was engaged in the hardware business, being one of the pioneer merchants of the town. Reared at home, Gustave Reith, attended the common schools of his native town in the acquirement of an education until he was sixteen years of age. Laying aside his text-books he then entered upon a business career in his father's store. In the three years* he served as a clerk there he familiarized himself with the business sufficiently to warrant his seeking a larger field, and at the expiration of that period he went to Chicago, where for four years he was employed as clerk to the manager and buyer of a large wholesale hardware company. This was prior to the advent of the typewriter and telephone, and naturally conditions and methods at that period bore little resemblance to those of the present. He was ambitious and en terprising and was impatient to make progress, so in 1885 he decided to come to the Pacific coast, believing that here he would find better opportunities and greater advantages than were afforded east of the Mississippi. Upon his arrival in the northwest, in 1886, he located in Spokane, where he remained until February of the following year when he went to the Coeur d'Alene mining district. There he be came associated with J. H. Boyd in establishing the first hardware store on the 418 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE south fork of the Coeur d'Alene river. This was operated for three years under the name of J. H. Boyd & Company, but at the expiration of that time they sold it to J. R. Marks & Company of Murray, Idaho, who owned hardware stores in all of the principal mining towns in the Coeur d'Alene district. In June, 1889, Mr. Reith returned to Spokane and entered the employ of The Holly, Mason & Marks Hard ware Company, now The Holly-Mason Hardware Company, as a department buyer and manager. He was subsequently promoted and for the past fifteen years he has occupied his present position, having general supervision of the buying for the general establishment and he also engages all of the help. When he first be came identified with this enterprise it was located on Riverside avenue and was an exclusive retail store, but they have since extended the scope of their activities by adding a wholesale department. During the period of Mr. Reith's management this has been promoted along intelligent lines and has developed in a marvelous manner, so that the greater part of their business now is done with the retail merchants. It is one of the largest hardware houses not only in Spokane but in the northwest and it is rapidly growing, their receipts showing marked increase from year to year. Mr. Reith is unmarried and for the past ten years has made his home at the Spokane Club. He has always been very much absorbed in his business interests and has never devoted much time to either social or pubHc affairs. However, he is a progressive man and meets the requirements of good citizenship by appearing at the polls on election day and he can always be depended upon to give his sup port and cooperation to any movement that he feels will tend to advance the best interests of the community. In common with the majority of business men in this vicinity he is heavily interested in mines, owning some shares that will ultimately prove very valuable and also in real estate in the city. During the long period of his residence in Spokane, Mr. Reith has formed many close ties among those with whom he has been associated and now has a large circle of friends, who hold him in high regard both by reason of his excellent business ability and because of his many fine personal qualities. W. S. BLISS. W. S. Bliss has been engaged in the restaurant and bakery business in Reardan for the past thirteen years. As he has met with success in the development of this enterprise he has extended his activities in various other lines and is financially interested in several local concerns. His birth occurred in Mount Vernon, Jeffer son county, Illinois, on Christmas day, 1872, his parents being Noah J. and Gilitha (Green) Bliss, likewise natives of Illinois. The father, who was a veteran of the Civil war, devoted his energies to agricultural pursuits until his death in 1889. Reared at home in the acquirement of his education, W. S. Bliss attended the public schools of Mount Vernon until the death of his father, which occurred when he was seventeen years of age. As his mother then needed his assistance he laid aside his text-books and during the succeeding ten years devoted his entire time and attention to the work of the farm. At the end of that time he decided to come to the northwest, feeling assured that he would here find better opportunities and advantages in a business way than were afforded in the more thickly settled SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 419 portions of the east. He came to Washington in 1899, first settling in Tacoma. He did not have a trade, but as teachers were in great demand and their services were well remunerated he secured a certificate and engaged in teaching for four months. At the end of that time he went to Clark county, and there for two years he followed such pursuits as provided him with an honest and honorable means of earning his living. As he was thrifty and temperate in his habits he managed to save from his earnings, during that time, four hundred dollars. His next removal was to eastern Oregon, where he was employed on a stock ranch for six months. This work did not prove entirely congenial, however, so he gave it up and went to Pendleton, that state. He only remained there for a brief period and then returned to Washington, being located in Spokane for a short time. From there he came to Reardan in 1892, and here he has continued to reside. When he came here, Mr. Bliss decided to. engage in business for himself and purchased a restaurant and subsequently built a bakery that he has ever since operated. That he has prospered in his undertaking is evidenced by the fact that on three different occasions he has been compelled to enlarge his quarters. He is a practical man with high standards of commercial integrity and is conducting his business in such a way as to win and retain the confidence of those who give him their patronage. As he has prospered he has extended his interests by investing in various local enterprises, and he is now a stockholder in the Farmers' State Bank of Reardan and the Western Empire Insurance Company of Spokane. He is likewise a stockholder and director of the Farmers' Telephone Company of Reardan and stockholder and general manager of the Kettle River Mining Company. Fraternally he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Modern Woodmen of America and the Foresters. He also belongs to Star Lodge, A. F. & A. M., while he votes the republican ticket. He takes an active interest in all municipal affairs and has for some years discharged the duties of justice of the peace. Mr. Bliss is highly regarded in local business circles, as he conducts his transactions in an honorable, straightforward manner, while in matters of citizenship he is enter prising and progressive. GEORGE BANDY. George Bandy, one of the enterprising young business men of Wilbur, is the proprietor of a drug store in the conduct of which he is meeting with a gratifying measure of success. His birth occurred in Lincoln county, North Carolina, on the 4th of April, 1879, and he is a son of Robert H. and Amy (Beal) Bandy, who are likewise natives of North Carolina. The parents removed to Washington in 1887, first locating at Harrington but the following year they came to Wilbur, and here the father engaged in agricultural pursuits, becoming one of the prominent and substantial ranchmen of the county. He has now withdrawn from active work and is living retired in Wilbur, where he and his wife enjoy the comfort and ease as well as leisure made possible by the competence acquired through the intelligent di rection of their activities in early life. The first eight years in the life of George Bandy were passed in his native state, where he was introduced to the elements of English learning. After coming to 420 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Washington he continued his education in the grammar and high schools of Lincoln county until he was graduated from the latter institution. He subsequently entered the State College at Pullman, where he studied for four years being graduated with the class of 1901 with the degree of Ph. G. Upon the completion of his course in pharmacy he returned to Wilbur and took a position in the drug store of Dr. B. H. Yount, where he had been employed during his vacations while attending college. He remained in his service until 1903, when he purchased the store which he has ever since conducted with increasing prosperity. Mr. Bandy is an energetic man of progressive ideas and has manifested 'unusual capability in the development of his establishment. He carries a large and well assorted stock of drugs, patent and proprietary medicines, toilet articles, stationery and such other sundries as are usu ally to be found in a store of this kind. His place is neat and attractive in appear ance and favorably located, and as his goods are fully commensurate with the prices charged he is enjoying an extensive and profitable trade. Much of his success must be attributed to a pleasing personality, genial manner and a desire to accommodate all who accord him their patronage. Mr. Bandy has the utmost confidence in the future development and progress of the northwest, and as his circumstances have warranted he has invested in property and is now the owner of five hundred acres of fine wheat land, which he is renting to good advantage. On the 18th of February, 1907, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Bandy to Miss Martha Alderson, a native of Virginia, and they have become the parents of one child, Amy Elizabeth. Mr. Bandy is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and he also belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of Spokane. In his political views he is a democrat, but he is not an aspirant to pub lic honors, although he takes an active interest in all municipal affairs, and enthusias tically champions every new movement that he feels will advance the interests or general welfare of the community. LEE ODGERS. Lee Odgers, editor and manager of the Davenport Tribune, the only democrat paper in Lincoln county, is rapidly becoming recognized as one of the capable newspaper men of the county. He was born in Otoe county, Nebraska, on Oc tober 16, 1882, and is a son of the late James and Laura May (Harper) Odgers. His father, who was a native of Cornwall, England, upon his arrival in this country first located in Lambertville, New Jersey, removing from there in 1868 to Otoe county, Nebraska. Here he resided until 1888 when he came to Washington, first locating in Douglas county, where he served as commissioner of the United States Circuit Court. In 1891 he was joined by his family from Nebraska. He subse quently became associated with G. K. Reed in laying out the towns of Almira, Hartline and Coulee City, acquiring extensive realty holdings in this locality. Newspaper work next engaged his attention and he founded the Almira Journal and the Coulee City News, while in 1900 he came to Davenport and founded the Tribune, in the publication of which he was engaged until his death on the 5th of December, 1908. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 421 The school days of Lee Odgers began in his native state, the education there acquired being supplemented by further study in the public schools of Douglas county, Washington, after which he returned to finish in the higher institutions of Nebraska. After laying aside his text-books he entered a jewelry store in Coulee City, where the family was residing at that time, and spent two years in learning the trade. At the expiration of that period he turned his attention to newspaper work, becoming associated with his father in the publication of the Coulee City News. He continued to be connected with this journal until they disposed of it, when he came to Davenport and gave his assistance in founding and editing the Tribune, which he has conducted alone ever since the death of his father. He has proven himself well qualified for the work he has undertaken by the excellent paper he is editing and the capable manner in which he conducts his business. He is an am bitious and energetic young man, who devotes the columns of his paper to the en thusiastic support of every progressive movement or public enterprise launched in the town, to the interests of which he is ever most loyal. His upright principles and high ideals are to be recognized in his editorials where he fearlessly espouses every cause he deems to be right, regardless of the trend of public opinion. Mr. Odgers is unmarried and makes his home with his widowed mother and brother Carl, who has not yet completed his education. Fraternally, he is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order of United Workmen, and the Brotherhood of American Yeomen. In his political views he is a democrat, and ever gives the support of his paper to the candidates and principles of his party. He takes an active interest in municipal affairs and was elected city clerk on the 1st of Decem ber, 1904, and on the first of the following January assumed the responsibilities of the office, of which he has ever since been the incumbent, the length of his term bespeaking the efficiency of his service. Mr. Odgers is held in high esteem in both the political and commercial circles of the town, by reason of his many fine personal qualities as well as the rare business sagacity he has displayed in the con duct of his affairs. JAY P. GRAVES. The men in the world who take the initiative are comparatively few, the vast majority being content to follow in the footsteps which others have marked out. Occasionally, however, there are found men with the pioneer spirit who advance beyond their fellows and in new and untried conditions find the opportunities of success. Of this class Jay P. Graves is a splendid representative and the salient characteristics of his life and of his work have constituted not only effective forces in the attainment of his personal success, but also important factors in the develop ment of the great northwest. He was born in St. Marys, Illinois, June 27, 1859, a son of John J. and Orrilla Landon (Berry) Graves, of St. Marys, Hancock county, Illinois. The ancestral line is traced back to Captain Thomas Graves, who settled at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1608, having crossed the Atlantic on the William and Mary, the second ship to make the voyage. He took a leading part in the affairs of the colony and was a member of the first house of burgesses assembling at James town in June, 1619. This was the first legislative assembly in America and on the 422 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE monument erected to commemorate that event the name of Captain Thomas Graves appears. The family were "landed gentry" and continued to reside in Accomac county, Virginia, until the close of the Revolutionary war, when the great-grand father of Jay P. Graves removed to Boone county, Kentucky, where he had a land grant for services rendered the continental government. In his honor Graves county in that state was named. His son, Major Reuben Graves, of Boone county, Kentucky, grandfather of Jay P. Graves, served in the War of 1812 and was a major in Colonel Johnson's regiment during the Indian wars, leading the charge of the troops against the red men at the battle of Tippecanoe. He secured the tomahawk of the famous Indian chief, Tecumseh, and it is still in the possession of the Graves family. He also served with distinction in the Mexican war. He continued a resident of Kentucky until 1839 when, seeing the awful results of slav ery, he determined to move to a state in which the system did not exist. Therefore, he gave his slaves their freedom, disposed of his property in Kentucky and with his family and a number of other settlers, sixteen wagons being in the caravan, removed to Illinois, settling at St. Marys, which place they founded. John J. Graves, the son of Major Reuben Graves and the father of Jay P. Graves, continued to follow the traditions of the family and became a large land owner, extensively carrying on agricultural pursuits. He and his neighbors built the first railroad in that section and he was one of the subscribers to the stock of the line. This was a branch of what is now the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, extending from Galesburg to Quincy. He married Orrilla Landon Berry, a daugh ter of Dr. Jonathan Berry, of Grand Isle, Vermont, who was chief surgeon on the American flagship at the battle of Plattsburg in the War of 1812. Their family numbered four sons, who have become prominent factors in the development and progress of the northwest. Of these Jay P. Graves completed his education in Carthage CoUege, being graduated therefrom in 1880. For some years thereafter he engaged in the hard ware business at Plymouth, Illinois, but the opportunities of the west attracted him and in the latter part of 1887 he arrived at Spokane, then a comparatively smaU but rapidly growing town. Believing that this would be an advantageous field, he here engaged in the real-estate and investment business until 1895, when he ac quired mining properties in British Columbia and embarked upon a career of marked activity and success in that connection. He was instrumental in establish ing the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company, Limited. This organization was completed on the 30th of June, 1901, and he has since been its vice president and general manager. This corporation is the largest in the Dominion of Canada engaged in copper mining, its product amounting to thirty million pounds of copper annually, besides gold and silver. In 1903 he was an ac tive factor in the organization of the Spokane Terminal Company, the Spokane Traction Company, the Spokane and Inland Railway Company and the Coeur d'Alene and Spokane Railway Company, all of which were consolidated under the name of the Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad Company, the merger becoming effective in January, 1907. Of this system Mr. Graves was the president, as he had previously been of its various component roads. It operates two hundred and fifty miles of electric railway and derives its current mainly from its own power- generating plant which it constructed on the Spokane river at Nine Mile, about twelve miles below the city. Mr. Graves disposed of his interest in the company SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 423 about a year and a half ago to the Great Northern Railroad, being forced to do this on account of his health, but continued to act as president until his successor was appointed, in the summer of 1911. His investments include considerable bank stock and he is now one of the directors of the Old National Bank, the Union Trust Company and the Union Securities Company. On the 9th of October, 1880, in Carthage, Illinois, Mr. Graves was united in marriage to Miss Amanda Cox, a daughter of John W. and Julia (Wilson) Cox, who had lived within ten miles of the Graves homestead and who came from Vir ginia and settled there. They have one child, Clyde Merritt Graves, born May 9, 1882. Mr. Graves has recently erected a beautiful new country home near Waikiki, where he owns a tract of land of one thousand acres, and he plans to make this the finest country home in the northwest. He is president of the Spokane Country Club and a member of the Spokane Club, the Spokane Amateur Athletic Club and of the Annandale Country Club of Pasadena, California. He also holds membership with the Sons of the American Revolution and takes an active part in the affairs of that organization. His has been a notable record and his splendid success has resulted largely from the fact that he has ever readily recognized the opportune moment, that he has carefully formed his plans and shown strong determination in their execution. In short, his life has marked a steady growth as the result of honest, persistent effort along the line of honorable and manly dealing. His aims have always been to attain to the best and he has never failed in any enterprise to which he has devoted himself. O. L. ADAMS, A. B., M. D. Dr. O. L. Adams, conducting the Davenport Hospital, is recognized as one of the promising young members of the medical profession of Lincoln county. He is a native of Oregon, his birth having occurred in Yamhill county, on the 27th of Octo ber, 1879, and a son of James S. and Luella (King) Adams. The parents were born, reared and married in California, whence they took the overland route to Oregon in 1871. There they resided for nine years during which time the father devoted his energies to agricultural pursuits and mining, with varying success. In 1880, the family came to Whitman county, Washington, settling in the vicinity of Pullman, where the father filed on a homestead to the cultivation and improvement of which he assiduously applied himself with constantly increasing prosperity for many years. He continues to live on his ranch and is now numbered among the prominent and substantial pioneers of that section. When old enough to begin his education, Dr. Adams entered the public schools of Colfax, and after the completion of his high-school course he entered the State College at Pullman, where he pursued an economic and scientific course, being awarded the degree of A. B. with the class of 1902. He had decided to become a physician and in the following autumn, matriculated in the Rush Medical College, from which institution he was graduated in 1906. After receiving his degree he returned to Washington, locating in Sprague where he was associated in practice with Dr. Hamley for eighteen months. At the expiration of that period he sold out to his partner and came to Davenport and engaged with other doctors in conducting 424 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE the Davenport Hospital. During the period of his connection with the profession of Lincoln county, Dr. Adams has had ample opportunity to manifest his skill both as a general practitioner and surgeon, and has proven himself unusually well quali fied for the duties of both. He is constantly striving to advance in his profession and keeps in close touch with the progress and development of medical science through the medium of the various periodicals, which give in detail the more recent discoveries achieved through the research of the eminent physicians and scientists of the world. He is very progressive in his ideas and is indefatigable in his ef forts to obtain better results in his endeavors to alleviate suffering and restore health to the afflicted, but he never adopts a new method until convinced that it is in every way more efficacious than the old established mode of treatment. At Clarkeston, Washington, on the 5th of July, 1905, Dr. Adams was united in marriage to Miss Laura Nelson, a daughter of O. B. and Angie (Clayton) Nel son, the father a prominent pioneer settler of Spokane, and they have become the parents of two children, Louis Nelson and Geraldine. Dr. and Mrs. Adams attend the Presbyterian church, and fraternally he is af filiated with the Masonic order, Eastern Star and the Knights of Pythias. During his college days he belonged to the Alpha Kappa Kappa fraternity and the Alpha Omega, and while living at Colfax he was actively identified with the Washington State Militia, being second and first lieutenant and captain of the local company. His political support is given to the men and measures of the republican party and he has served as city and county physician and for one term he discharged the duties of coroner. Dr. Adams is president of the Lincoln County Medical Society, and he is also a member of the State Society and the American Medical Associa tion. He has met with good financial success in his practice and is one of the stock holders of the Empire State Life Insurance Company and the Pacific Building & Loan Association. He is an exceedingly busy man as his professional services are very greatly in demand and he is most conscientious in his devotion to the interests of his patients. HERMAN RIEK. Herman Riek, cashier of the Bank of Rosalia, who is also officially identified with various other local enterprises, was born in Wisconsin on the 4th of Feb ruary, 1875, his parents being Michael and Sophia (Hamann) Riek, natives of Germany. Reared on the farm where he was born, Herman Riek first attended the com mon schools of his native state in the acquirement of an education and he also studied for a time in the Northwestern Business College at Madison, Wisconsin. He returned to the farm in 1895, assisting his father in its cultivation during the succeeding two years. At the end of that time they disposed of the old home stead, and in 1897 the family removed to Washington locating in Spokane. Her man Riek resumed his commercial studies in a local business college and later at tended the Cheney Normal School, thus qualifying himself to teach. In 1901 he obtained a school in Whitman county, continuing to follow teaching for three years, when he accepted a position as bookkeeper in the Bank of Rosalia. He dis- HERMAN RIEK SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 427 charged his duties with efficiency and in a manner highly satisfactory to his em ployers, who recognizing his worth, in 1907 promoted him to the position of assistant cashier. He retained this position until January, 1911, when he was made cashier, and is now a stockholder in this bank, which is one of the stable and thriving financial institutions in the county. Mr. Riek is also interested in the Rosalia Creamery Company of which he is secretary and treasurer. He is one of the progressive and promising business men of Rosalia, where he is held in high esteem both by reason of his enterprise and industry and because of his personal worth. In religious faith, Mr. Riek is a Congregationalist and is one of the trustees of the local church of that denomination, and also secretary and treasurer of the Whitman County Sunday School Association. Fraternally he is affiliated with Rosalia Lodge, No. 110, I. O. O. F., of which he was formerly chaplain. His political allegiance he accords to the republican party and takes a deep interest in municipal affairs, having served as city treasurer in 1909 and 1910. He is secretary of the Rosalia Commercial Club and gives, his stanch support to the various movements it has introduced. In matters of citizenship he is intensely loyal, always cooperating in promoting the development of every public utility and assisting in advancing the welfare of the community along financial, social, moral and intellectual lines. WESLEY MARTIN HATFIELD, D. O. Dr. Wesley Martin Hatfield, a well known and successful osteopath practitioner of Moscow, where he has resided for the past six years, is a native of Missouri, his birth having occurred in Putnam county, that state, on the 30th of August, 1874. He is a son of David Marion and Cordelia (Houghton) Hatfield, and in the paternal line is of English extraction, his ancestors having located in Vermont during the early colonial days. They subsequently removed to Kentucky, whence the paternal grand father of our subject migrated to Missouri, locating in Putnam county, where he bought a farm of four hundred acres. Here David Marion Hatfield was born and reared, but in his early manhood he felt a longing, as had his father, to try life on the frontier, so in 1861 he came to the Pacific coast. During the succeeding six years he engaged in prospecting in the mining regions of Utah, Nevada, California and Colorado. At the end of that time he returned to his native state and bought the old homestead, which he still owns. Reared on the farm where his father had passed his boyhood and youth, after the completion of his schooling, Dr. Hatfield followed various activities for a time, in the course of which he came to the conclusion to identify himself with the pro fession he is now following. Osteopathy appealed to him as being the natural as well as most practicable method of healing, deciding him to go to Kirksville, Mis souri, and there take up his professional studies. He graduated from that institu tion with the class of 1905 and on June 29, of that year, he established an office in Moscow which he has ever since maintained, meeting with a goodly measure of success in his practice. Dr. Hatfield has proven conscientious and efficient, and has effected a number of cures that have called marked attention to him and the school Vol. Ill— 22 428 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE he represents, and he now has a very satisfactory practice, numbering among his patients members of many of the leading families of the town. On the 9th of April, 1907, Governor F. R. Gooding appointed him a member of the Osteopathic state board of Idaho, and on April 9, 1907, he was reappointed to the same committee by Governor F. R. Gooding for a term of five years. At Low Ground, Missouri, on the 22d of February, 1896, Dr. Hatfield was united in marriage to Miss Laura E. Mills, a daughter of Stanley K. Mills, one of the pioneer settlers of that vicinity, where he owns four hundred and twenty acres of fine land. In connection with the operation of his large farm, Mr. Mills deals extensively in cattle and hogs, being one of the largest shippers from Low Ground. Three children have been born to Dr. and Mrs. Hatfield, as follows: Howard L., whose birth occurred in 1897; Glatha D., born in 1903; and Bernadine, who was born in 1907. The family home is located at 320 East Second street, where they have a well appointed residence and an attractive lawn sixty-three feet by one hun dred and sixty. In front of his dwelling Dr. Hatfield has a row of beautiful wal nut trees, of which he is very proud. They produced their first crop this year, the nuts proving to be large and well developed and of exceptional flavor. In matters of. faith since he was a youth of nineteen years, Dr. Hatfield has been identified with the New Life church of Low Ground, Missouri. While re siding at Shibley Point, that state, he became affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America, joining Camp No. 7797, in 1896, but he now belongs to Paradise Camp, No. 5653, of Moscow. In 1905 he joined the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Shibley Point, but since locating here he has affiliated with Moscow Lodge, No. 31, I. O. O. F. He is likewise a member of Moscow Lodge, No. 1, K. of Pv, and Moscow Lodge, No. 249, B. P. O. E., having identified himself with the latter organization in 1908, in which year he also became a member of the Brother hood of American Yeomen. His political allegiance Dr.- Hatfield accords to the re publican party and for the past two years he has been a member of the county cen tral committee, while he maintains relations with his fellow practitioners through the medium of his membership in the Idaho State Osteopathic Association, which meets annually at the time the state board hold their examinations. Dr. Hatfield is a man whose high ideals and sound principles would make him an acquisition in any community, as his efforts are always exerted to elevate and advance not only the standards of citizenship but of manhood and womanhood as well. WILL F. MORGAREIDGE. Will F. Morgareidge, who for the past three years has been discharging the duties of probate judge of Latah county, has been a resident of Moscow since 1904. He was born in Morgan county, Ohio, on the 14th of February, 1872, and is a son of Willard D. and Rachel (Marquis) Morgareidge. In the paternal line he is of Scotch-Irish extraction, although the Morgareidges have long been residents of the United States. His grandparents left their home in Maine and settled in Ohio in 1826. There Willard D. Morgareidge engaged in farming until 1876, when he removed with his wife and family to Nebraska, where he continued to follow agri cultural pursuits. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 429 The boyhood and youth of Will F. Morgareidge were very similar to those of other lads reared amid the environments of a western frontier community. When old enough to begin his education he entered the public schools and after the com pletion of the course, entered the Nebraska State Normal School to qualify himself for the profession of teaching, being graduated from the latter institution with the class of 1898. He taught in the schools of Nebraska until 1904, when he removed to Moscow, to accept the principalship of the grammar school. Mr. Morgareidge proved to be a very efficient instructor and disciplinarian, possessing the faculty not only of imparting knowledge in a most entertaining way but of arousing in his pupils a desire for further development that is the highest incentive to study and advancement. He resigned his position in 1908, however, in order to assume the duties of his present office to which he had been elected in the November preceding. During the first two years he was connected with this office he proved so efficient in the discharge of his duties, that he was put up for reelection in 1910 and is now serving his second term. Tactful and diplomatic, Mr. Morgareidge is gracious and courteous in his treatment of all, seemingly never forgetting that he is a public servant and as such should accord to every citizen the favors and consideration due taxpayers from those whom they assist to place in office. He has made a very good record during the period of his public service and has hosts of friends in the county who hold him in high esteem because of his inherent worth and reliability. In 1899 Mr. Morgareidge was united in marriage to Miss Maude Van Buskirk, of Gordon, Nebraska, a daughter of Joseph Van Buskirk, of Indiana. For many years the father was engaged in farming in the latter state, but subsequently re moved to Nebraska, and now is residing in Moscow, Idaho. He belongs to an old American family, tracing his ancestry back in an unbroken line to the early colonial period, his forefathers having emigrated to this country from Holland. One child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Morgareidge, Van, whose birth occurred in 1909. His political allegiance Mr. Morgareidge accords to the democratic party, and he has always taken an active interest in all local governmental affairs, having served for one year as superintendent of schools while living in Cherry county, Ne braska. Fraternally he is a past grand of Moscow Lodge, No. 31, I. O. O. F.; and he is also a member of Moscow Camp, No. 5653, M. W. A., and from 1905 to 1907 he was treasurer of the latter organization. A man of high principles, trustworthy and reliable in all of his relations, Mr. Morgareidge is held in respect by all who have had transactions with him and is regarded as one of the estimable citizens of the town. G. G. GRIMES. G. G. Grimes is now a retired farmer living at Edwall and since taking up his abode in the town he has been prominent in its business affairs as vice president of the Edwall Grain Elevator Company and in its public life as postmaster and county assessor. He was born May 13, 1846, in Guernsey county, Ohio, a son of Charles and Sarah Grimes, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Maryland. In early life the parents settled in Ohio and in 1852 removed to Adams county, Indiana, where Charles Grimes followed the occupation of farming. It 430 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE was there that the son was reared and pursued his education, dividing his time between the work of the school room and of the fields, having assisted his father in the development and cultivation of the home place. At the age of nineteen years he left school for he could no longer content himself to stay at his desk while his country was involved in Civil war. In February, 1865, therefore, he offered his services to the government, enlisting as a member of Company F, One Hundred and Forty-seventh Indiana Infantry, with which he served until after the close of the war, being mustered out in the following August at Harper's Ferry. After the war was over Mr. Grimes began farming on his own account, spend ing two years upon rented land in Iowa, and one year in Missouri. In 1868 he started for the west and engaged in freighting on the way to Virginia City, Montana. In 1869 he went to California where he again carried on agricultural pursuits until 1874. He next came to Oregon where he followed farming until 1883, when he re moved to what is now Edwall. At that time he took up a homestead claim of one hundred and thirty acres which he cultivated and improved until 1902, bringing his fields under a high state of development and deriving therefrom a substantial annual income. He then retired from active farm life and removed to the town where he is now vice president and one of the directors of the Edwall Grain Elevator Com pany but largely leaves the management of the business to others. He has leased all of his lands and his time is now given only to the supervision of his property interests. He has, however, been active in public affairs during his residence here. He served for four years as postmaster and in 1898 was elected county assessor for a term of two years. For many years he has been a member of the school board and the cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion. On the 12th of November, 1876, Mr. Grimes was united in marriage in Oregon to Miss Tunia King, a daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth King, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Tennessee. They lived, however, for some time in Illinois where the father carried on farming. Mr. and Mrs. Grimes have become the parents of four children, namely: Bertha, who passed away April 13, 1894; Frank E., of Spokane; C. C, of whom mention is made on another page in this volume; and George F., who resides in Colorado. There is also one grandchild, Dorothy Grimes. In his fraternal relations, Mr. Grimes is an Odd Fellow and also maintains connection with his old army comrades through his membership in the Grand Army of the Republic. His has been an active and useful life, and he well merits the rest which has crowned his labors. He has been found reliable as well as energetic in business, faithful in office and loyal to all duties of citizenship. C. E. MILLIKEN. *" C. E. Milliken, who is actively engaged in the real-estate and insurance busi ness in Davenport, was born in Wisconsin, on the 1st of August, 1870. He is a son of James F. and Charlotte (Rugg) Milliken, natives of Maine, whence they removed while children to Wisconsin with their parents, the latter becoming promi nently identified with the agricultural and mercantile interests of that state. When he was a lad of five years, C. E. Milliken accompanied his parents who SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 431 removed from Wisconsin to Oregon, making the journey overland to San Fran cisco, whence they took the boat to Portland, where they remained for five years. It was in the latter city that he was first introduced to the elements of English learning, continuing to pursue his education at a school in the vicinity of Portland until 1880, when the family again removed, this time locating in Cheney, Washing ton, where C. E. Milliken attended the public schools until he was nineteen years of age. During this time his vacations and such times as he was not engaged with his lessons were devoted to the mastery of the practical methods of farming under the supervision of his father. After laying aside his school books he gave his en tire time and attention to agriculture, investing his earnings from time to time in land, until he had acquired some valuable farm holdings. Mr. Milliken continued to engage in ranching until within the last few years, when he removed to Daven port in order to give his children the advantages of the town schools. He went into the real-estate and insurance business and has been highly successful since locating here, but much of his time is occupied in looking after his own property, a large portion of which he retains under his personal supervision. On the 12th of December, 1895, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Milliken and Miss Sarah E. Humphreys, a daughter of John Humphreys, a well known farmer in the vicinity of Wilbur, Washington, who is now deceased. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Milliken there have been born four children, Owen James, Edwin Leroy, Jennie and Willis Russell. Mr. and Mrs. Milliken belong to the Methodist Episcopal church, in the faith of which denomination they are rearing their family. His political views coincide with the principles of the republican party, for whose candidates he always casts his ballot. Although he takes an active interest in all community affairs, Mr. Milli ken has never held any office save that of school director, in which capacity he has served in various parts of the state where he has lived, educational affairs ever having engaged his interest. In order to keep in close touch with other agricul turists he is a member of the Farmers' Union, an association organized among the ranchers for mutual aid and protection. Mr. Milliken is widely known in both Spokane and Lincoln counties, having been one of the pioneers of the former, and having extensive interests in both. His implicit confidence and keen foresight made him long ago recognize and appreciate the agricultural possibilities offered by Washington, and he invested heavily in country lands the value of which has increased many fold since his purchase, thus placing him among the affluent citi zens of Lincoln county. ROBERT C. SIMS. Robert C. Sims is successfully engaged in the real-estate and insurance busi ness having offices at No. 315 Sherman avenue, Coeur d'Alene. His birth occurred in Edgefield county, South Carolina, on the 8th of June, 1880, his parents being Dr. William S. and Minnie (Dorn) Sims. The father, a physician by profession, removed to Butte, Montana, in 1887 and as the surgeon for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company had charge of the hospital work of that corporation from Butte to the Gallatin valley. In 1888 he came to Wallace, Idaho, there conducting the 432 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE large hospital now known as the Wallace Hospital and becoming the most promi nent physician of that section of the country. In 1892, during the troublesome times in the Coeur d'Alene district, President Cleveland appointed him United States marshal for the same. A native of Union, South Carolina, he was a demo crat of the old school. On the night of November 9, 1903, in Wallace, he was shot by a desperado while returning from the theater. His wife was a daughter of Wil liam Dorn, who at the time of the Civil war was one of the wealthiest planters in South Carolina, owning over five hundred slaves, a gold mine at McCormick, South Carolina, and a tract of land ten miles square. His demise occurred immediately after the cessation of hostilities, when the depredations of war had reduced the family to limited financial circumstances. The mother of Mrs. Minnie Sims has attained the age of about eighty years and still makes her home in South Carolina. Mrs. Minnie Sims, who is fifty-two years old, now resides in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, with her son Robert. The gentleman whose name introduces this review obtained his early education in the schools of Richmond, Virginia, and Wallace, Idaho, and during the years 1894 and 1895 attended the University of Idaho at Moscow. In 1895 he left that institution and made his way to Spokane, Washington, where he spent six months in the employ of Sam Glasgow, the owner of the Centennial Mill, while subse quently he served for two years as assistant in the engineering department of the city of Spokane. In December, 1898, he left that place and later spent five months in the employ of W. A. Clark of Montana, for whom he surveyed the region from Sunset peak down the north fork of the Coeur d'Alene river, doing all of the work on snowshoes. From April, 1899, until September, 1900, he worked with the Northern Pacific Railroad engineers and then was employed by the engineering department of the city of Seattle until June, 1901. At that time he made his way to Cape Nome, Alaska, arriving at Nome on the 17th of June, 1901, and there spending the summer prospecting for gold along the streams running into the Arctic ocean. On August 28, 1901, he was shipwrecked on Icy Cape, within two hundred miles of Point Barrow, the most northerly point of North America. After the sloop had been patched up, Mr. Sims and his companions were able to sail back to Nome, where he prospected and mined until October 1, 1902, and then re turned to Seattle. Later he came to Spokane, Washington, and embarked in business on his own account as the proprietor of a cigar store, conducting an es tablishment near the corner of Washington and Riverside avenues until December, 1904, when he went to Florida. In January, 1905, he built and began the oper ation of a sawmill at Greencove, that state, and in the spring of 1906 was elected a member of the common council of Greencove. In August, 1906, he disposed of his business interests, resigned his official position and came to Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, here organizing the firm of R. C. Sims & Company. They do a real-estate and general insurance business, making a specialty of farm and timber lands and enjoy an extensive clientage. On the 4th of June, 1906, in Woodstock, Vermont, Mr. Sims was united in marriage to Miss Gwendolin Whitmore of that place, whose father was a promi nent citizen of that section of Vermont, owning some thirty farms and three woolen mills. In Masonry Mr. Sims has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite, being master of Kadosh Idaho Consistory, No. 3, S. P. R. S. He also belongs to Kootenai Lodge, No. 24, A. F. & A. M., and El Katif Temple, N. M. S., of SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 433 Spokane, and is a member of the Tillicum Club of Coeur d'Alene. His residence is at the corner of Eighth and Sherman avenues, Coeur d'Alene. Though still a young man, he has had an eventful career and has already won a measure of pros perity in business circles that augurs well for the future. J. C. SEXSON. Among the pioneer settlers of Lincoln county, who endured all of the hard ships and privations incident to ranching in the early days, must be numbered J. C. Sexon, who is now living retired in Reardan. He was born in Boone county, Indiana, on the 13th of February, 1849, and is a son of William and Mahalia (Far row) Sexson. His parents were natives of Kentucky, removing from there to Boone county, Indiana, during the early days, the father devoting his energies to carpentry work and farming. In 1863 the family again changed their place of residence this time locating in Mattoon, Illinois, where the parents spent their last years. Left an orphan at the age of sixteen years, J. C. Sexson was thereafter en tirely dependent upon his own resources. His education was begun in the district schools of his native county, which he attended until he was fourteen when he ac companied his parents on their removal to Illinois, where for two years he con tinued his schooling. For three years after the death of his parents he followed such occupations as provided him with the necessities of life and then went to Missouri, where he worked for five years as a farm hand. He had early been trained in habits of industry and thrift and being of temperate habits he managed to save the greater portion of his meager earnings. Believing that Texas offered excellent opportunities to industrious and ambitious young men, he removed to that state in 1873, locating in Dallas county. His ventures did not prove successful and after losing the greater part of his small capital he decided to go west. The trip overland at that period was not only long and difficult but fraught with many dangers and hardships, but possessing the courage and fortitude inherited from generations of pioneer ancestors he had no fears. He ended his journey in Lin coln county in the vicinity of Reardan in 1880, and has ever since resided here. He preempted some land and immediately set about cultivating and improving it, a difficult and somewhat discouraging task as he was entirely unfamiliar with con ditions as he found them here. The country was but sparsely settled and afforded little social intercourse and but few of the advantages to be found in the commun ities where he had previously resided. However, he and his wife made the best of their opportunities and tirelessly applied themselves to the problem of home- building in a new country. Believing implicitly that Washington had a great agricultural future, Mr. Sexson invested such means as he acquired, from time to time, in land adjoining his ranch. His expectations have been realized and he now owns three hundred and eighty acres of fine wheat land, worth many times what he paid for it and constantly increasing in value. In addition to this he holds the title to forty acres of good timber land. The early efforts of Mr. Sexson have been substantially rewarded and he has acquired a competence that enabled him to retire a year or two ago, this together with the income from his farms, 434 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE which he rents, providing both him and his wife with all of the necessities and many of the luxuries of life. While a resident of Missouri, Mr. Sexson was married, choosing for his wife Miss Nancy J. Surber, and unto them have been born the following children: Wil liam B., who is a druggist at Oroville, Washington; Bessie E., the wife of E. E. Noble, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work; P. V., who is engaged in the wholesale and retail meat business at Clark's Ford, Idaho; and Jesse H. and J. C, Jr., who have not yet completed their educations. Their family also num bers five grandchildren, whose names are as follows: William B. Sexson, Vera Sex son, Helen L. Noble, Ralph Sexson Noble and Ernest E. Noble, Jr. Mr. Sexson is essentially a self-made man, having started out at the age of sixteen without either capital or influence he has by his own unfaltering determin ation and tireless energy attained the position he holds today. Both he and his family are held in the highest esteem in Reardan and Lincoln county, whose prairies he has seen converted during the thirty-one years of his residence into ' valuable farms interspersed with flourishing towns. THOMAS G. THOMSON. Thomas G. Thomson, who bore the reputation of being a strict, conservative business man, his intelligently directed energies bringing him the success which should ever follow persistent and honorable labor, was born in Amsterdam, Holland, on the 12th of May, 1848, and died on the 8th of October, 1907, when in the sixtieth year of his age. His parents were James and Mary E. Thomson, both of whom were of Scotch descent- but became residents of Holland, where the father engaged in teaching English. Thomas G. Thomson, reared in Amsterdam, pursued his educa tion in the schools of that city and at an early age became associated with a stock and brokerage firm, with which he continued for a considerable period. He was also interested in the Merchants Shipping Company, which maintained a line of steamers plying between Amsterdam and the East Indies, and also engaged in the building of dikes and canals. In fact his business interests in Holland were of an important character and his operations were extensive. He became a prominent factor in business and financial circles there and his widely recognized ability caused him to be selected as the representative of Holland financial interests in America. Following the death of Mr. Van Falkenburg he came to America, making his way direct to Spokane, where he took charge of the branch house of the Hvpotheek Bank, which was one of the strongest financial institutions of the west. His previous broad business experience well qualified him for the immediate mastery of the situa tion here and in formulating the policy and guiding the destiny of the bank he dis played superior ability in the solution of intricate business problems. In the trying times that followed the great fire of 1889 and resulted from the widespread financial panic of 1893 a large portion of the funds used in rebuilding the city came from the Hypotheek Bank, and following the financial distress of the latter year the bank extended mortgages and in many cases gave further time for the payment of in terest. At length, however, this strong and stable institution felt the strain to an extent that the company could no longer carry others financially, so that a number THOMAS G. THOMSON SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 437 of the mortgages were foreclosed. In this way many buildings passed into pos session of the Hypotheek Bank, including the Mohawk, the Exchange National Bank, the Granite, the Eagle, the Frankfort, the Auditorium and the old Holley- Mason-Marks building. It is estimated that during these trying days, when Spo kane was facing the crisis in its history, the Hypotheek company had investments in the city to the extent of six or eight million dollars. Later the company pursued the policy of disposing of its buildings and now holds but little property of this character. From the time of his arrival in America until his death Mr. Thomson continuously resided in Spokane save that he twice revisited Europe. He made for himself an honored and enviable position in financial circles owing to the enter prising and progressive methods which he displayed and his honorable, straight forward dealing. He not only extended his activities to the Hypotheek Bank and its varied interests but was also at one time vice president of the Spokane & Eastern Trust Company and at the time of his death was a stockholder and director of the Washington Water Power Company. He was interested in business and financial enterprises here and also had large holdings in Holland. He was seldom, if ever. at fault in matters of business judgment and at all times his activities measured up to the highest standards of commercial ethics. He insisted upon exactness, was himself very thorough, painstaking and conscientious, and the conservative methods which he followed safeguarded others' interests as well as his own. Mr. Thomson was married in Amsterdam, Holland, June 20, 1872, to Miss Anna M. Louise Lanson, a daughter of John J. and Johanna ( Jacoba) Lanson, the former a merchant of Amsterdam. The children of this marriage were two in num ber. Mary E., who gave her hand in marraige to Herman Franck of Spokane, passed away in 1901, leaving one child, Thomas George Franck. Thomas George Thomson is engaged in the drug business at Spokane. He wedded Miss Gerrie Anderson and has two children, Thomas G., Jr., and Anna Marie Louise Thomson. In his political views Mr. Thomson was a republican, his study of the questions and issues of the day leading him to give his support to the men and measures of that party. He belonged to the Spokane Club and his friends found him a congenial gentleman. He was well read, speaking English, Dutch, German and French fluently, and he kept in touch with the world's progress along many lines of thought and activity. He was preeminently a home man, finding his greatest happiness at his own fireside, but was loved and admired by all who knew him for his sterling qualities. JOSEPH T. SCOTT. Joseph T. Scott, the proprietor and publisher of the Coeur d'Alene Press, which he has been editing for twenty years, was born in Cambridge, Ohio, on the 24th of June, 1856, and is a son of Wilson and Margaret Scott. His father crossed the plains to Walla Walla, Washington, in 1861, but after residing in the west for four years returned to Ohio, again removing to the west with his family in 1894. During the last thirty years of his active career he was employed by the govern ment as a postal clerk, retiring from the service in 1908. He passed away at the age of seventy-nine years, his demise occurring on the 21st of February, 1911. 438 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE When old enough to commence his education, Joseph T. Scott entered the pub lic schools of his home town, and there continued to study until he had attained the age of eighteen years, when he laid aside his text-books to learn the printer's trade. He followed this vocation for eight years and then went west, locating in Montana in 1882, before the Northern Pacific Railroad was completed. In 1883 he became a resident of Dickinson, North Dakota, where he published a paper until 1890, and then removed to Washington, becoming a citizen of Coeur d'Alene two years later. Upon locating here he established the Press Publishing Com pany, and has ever since been issuing an evening and weekly paper under the name of the Coeur d'Alene Press, the only daily paper published in the city. Wheeling, West Virginia, was the scene of Mr. Scott's marriage on the 8th of May, 1884, to Miss Kate M. Dunlevy. He has always taken an active interest in all political affairs, voting with the republican party, representing his district at the first state convention of the party held in North Dakota, when he was a resident of that state. In 1900 he was elected to the Idaho state legislature on the silver-republican ticket, his term of office expiring in 1902. Mr. Scott is one of the public-spirited citizens of the town, in the development and upbuilding of which his paper has been a prominent factor, its columns being freely used for the support of every forward movement, that means the betterment of local condi tions. G. H. FINROW. G. H. Finrow, whose energies have been successfuUy directed toward the development of a general mercantile business in Reardan for the past eleven years, was born in Decorah, Iowa, on the 2d of October, 1869. He is a son of Andrew H. and Andrea Finrow, natives of Norway, who emigrated to the United States in 1866, locating in Decorah. There, for many years the father was engaged in the general mercantile business, being one of the well known citizens of the town. Owing to business reverses met by his father, G. H. Finrow at the age of eight een years was compelled to terminate his education and become self-supporting. Commercial activities had always attracted him and he went to North Dakota, lo cating at Sargent, where he clerked for four years in a general store. In 1890 he came to Washington and soon thereafter obtained a clerkship in the clothing store of Dayid Epstein of Spokane. After leaving his employment he held a num ber of positions in the same city and in 1900 came to Reardan and established the business of E. K. Finrow & Company. He began in a small way but had a well assorted stock of general merchandise that he offered at reasonable prices, and this together with the attractive appearance of his store and his accommodating ways and pleasing manner readily enabled him to secure a profitable patronage. Two years later his uncle, C. H. Finrow, came to Reardan and engaged in busi ness with him, the added capital thus provided enabling them to enlarge their store and extend the scope of their activities. Careful management, clear judg ment in studying the needs of their patrons and judicious buying has enabled them to develope their business until today it is one of the well established and thriving enterprises of the town. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 439 In 1893, Mr. Finrow was united in marriage to Miss Ella Larson, a daughter of Hans and Helen Larson, who came from Wisconsin to Spokane in 1891, and still continue to make that city their home, the father now living retired. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Finrow there have been born three children: Merle, whose birth occurred in 1895; Vernon, who was born in 1898; and Myron Lester, born November 17, 1911. Mr. Finrow's political views coincide with the principles of the republican party for whose candidates he casts his ballot, and fraternally he is connected with the Odd Fellows and Foresters of America. He has met with a reasonable degree of financial success in the conduct of his affairs since locating in Reardan and is one of the stockholders and a director of the Farmers' State Bank. Mr. Finrow possesses the energy and thrift that characterize those of Scandinavian extraction, to which he has added the progressive spirit and initiative of the Amer ican, these combined qualities enabling him to attain the success he has achieved. EARL M. ROGERS. Earl M. Rogers, general superintendent of the plant of the Maxwell Lumber Company, has been connected with the lumber interests of Coeur d'Alene for the past six years. He was born at Viroqua, Wisconsin, on the 24th of November, 1862, and is a son of Clayton E. and Sylvia S. (Tuttle) Rogers. His father was a veteran of the Civil war, having served as captain of the Eighth Wisconsin Regiment during the entire period of hostilities. After the restoration of peace he returned to Wisconsin, where he became identified with the lumber interests, having had charge of some of the largest plants in that state as well as Minnesota. During the last twenty-five years of his life he was associated and interested with the Weyerhausers, serving in the capacity of general superintendent of their vari ous plants. He passed away in 1901. The boyhood and youth of Earl M. Rogers were spent in Wisconsin, to the public school system of which state he is indebted for his education. At the age of four teen years he laid aside his text-books and began his independent career, becom ing an employe of the Weyerhausers. He was associated with this firm for eight een years, during the last few of which he had charge of their various plants lo cated throughout Minnesota and Wisconsin. In 1905 he came to Coeur d'Alene as secretary and general superintendent of the B. R. Lewis Lumber Company, with whom he remained until they sold their interests to the Blackwell Lumber Company, when he became general superintendent of their plant, in which capacity he is still employed. Mr. Rogers comes from a family, all of whose members have been more or less prominently identified with sawmill and lumber interests, both his father and four of his brothers having been general superintendents of large plants. Mr. Rogers was married on the 24th of November, 1899, to Miss Carrie A. Barlow, a daughter of William Barlow of Waupaca, Wisconsin. Both Mr. and Mrs. Rogers are members of the Presbyterian church, and he is also prominently identified with the Masonic fraternity, being affiliated with Little Falls (Minnesota) Lodge, No. 122, F. & A. M.; Coeur d'Alene Chapter, No. 8, 440 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE R. A. M.; Zuhra Shrine, of Minneapolis; and Consistory No. 3. He belongs to the Commercial Club of Coeur d'Alene, while his connection with organizations of a more purely social nature is confined to his membership in the Inland Club of Spokane. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers reside at No. 704 Sherman avenue, the hospital ity of their home being graciously accorded their many friends in Coeur d'Alene. FREDERICK E. WONNACOTT. Frederick E. Wonnacott is one of the leading business men of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, who has not only been a witness of the growth of this section of the coun try but has taken an active part in its development for the past thirty years and is intimately acquainted with its history. He was born in Belleville, Ontario, Canada, November 1, 1861. His father, George B. Wonnacott, a native of Belleville, was in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company and came to this part of the west in 1862, settling at Fort Colville, Washington. He came to this section of Idaho in 1878 when the fort at Coeur d'Alene was first occupied by the United States army, and engaged in the general merchandise business in Coeur d'Alene and Rathdrum, hav ing for his partner in the enterprise Isaac Oppenheimer, a man of wide experi ence in mercantile affairs. He met with much success in this business in which he continued until his death in 1894, acting in the early periods as the agent for the Wells Fargo Express Company and as insurance solicitor throughout north ern Idaho. He was a man of remarkable public spirit and initiative and never failed to give his time and energy to any project which he knew would ad vance the interests of his community. In 1881, in. con junction with M. D. Wright he called a meeting in which they organized what is now Kootenai county, Idaho. He was county clerk of this county, clerk of the district court under H. Squire of Lewiston, Idaho, postmaster of Rathdrum, Idaho, and commissioner of Kootenai county for a number of terms. He was twice married, his first wife being Augustine Janet Meyers, the mother of the subject of this review. She never came west but died in Belleville, Ontario, when her son Frederick was a small boy. Reared at home, Frederick E. Wonnacott was educated in the public schools of Belleville, Ontario, and in 1882 crossed the border and came to Idaho, begin ning his business training as a clerk in his father's stores at Coeur d'Alene and Rathdrum. After his father's death in 1894 he, in company with his stepmother, V. W. Sanders and James Roche, now a resident of Spokane, took over his father's mercantile business and organized it into The Idaho Mercantile Company of Coeur d'Alene. He sold out his interest, however, in 1898, and went to the Col ville reservation which was just opened for settlement, and engaged tliere in the general merchandise and the mining business continuing in this until 1903. In this same year he returned to Coeur d'Alene and engaged in the real-estate busi ness under the name of The Sherman Land Company, a close corporation formed for the purpose of selling his own holdings. He has been successful in his various business ventures and enjoys a comfortable income from the profits of his in vestments. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 441 On September 17, 1904, Mr. Wonnacott was married to Miss Martha Price of St. Louis, Missouri. Mr. Wonnacott is a charter member of Kootenai Lodge, No. 7, K. of P., of Coeur d'Alene, having passed through all the chairs. He is a democrat in his political convictions and in November, 1910, was elected on the party ticket to the office of county assessor for a term of two years. Ever faithful in the performance of his duties he accepts the responsibilities of citizen ship in the best spirit with all loyalty to the true democracy for which our nation stands. A. D. HANEL. A. D. Hanel, a well known druggist of Reardan has been successfully identified with the commercial activities of this town for the past eight years. The place of his birth was Minneapolis, Minnesota, the event occurring on the 31st of October, 1876. His parents, John and Marie Hanel, were natives of Kentucky, whence they early removed to Minnesota, later becoming residents of Spokane, Washing ton. Reared to the age of eight years in the city of his birth, A. D. Hanel there pursued his education until 1885, when he removed with his parents to Spokane, where he completed his schooling. While still in his early youth he found em ployment in the Spokane Drug Company, occupying various positions with that firm during the following six years. From there he went to Watson-McGill's, also druggists of Spokane, with whom he remained for seven years, during which period he learned the trade. Withdrawing from their service at the end of that time he became identified with F. W. Tuell, a druggist of the same city, continu ing with him for two years. Realizing that tliere was but little future for an am bitious man as an employe and feeling assured of his ability to successfully con duct a business of his own, in 1903 he came to Reardan and purchased the drug store of Dr. Ellis, which he has ever since been operating. Mr. Hanel is an en terprising, industrious man, who takes great pride in his establishment and is keeping it thoroughly up-to-date in every way. He carries a complete line of sundries and a stock of the best grade of drugs on the market, making a specialty of his prescription department, to which he gives the most careful attention in compounding orders placed with him. His efforts have met with substantial re turns and he is now enjoying an extensive patronage, which is constantly on the increase. He has invested in real estate from time to time during the period of his residence here and is the owner of a number of pieces of valuable property in and around the town. Mr. Hanel was married on the 12th of December, 1902. to Miss Victoria Jones, a daughter of William Jones of Tracy, Minnesota, and they have become the parents of two children: William B., who was born in 1908; and Ward Leslie, whose birth occurred in 1910. Fraternally Mr. Hanel is a member of the Masonic order, Odd Fellows, For esters of America and Woodmen of the World. His political allegiance has never been accorded to any one party, but is given to the support of such men and measures as he deems best qualified to meet the exigencies of the situation. Mr. 442 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Hanel is one of the public-spirited men of the town, whose energies although primarily directed toward the development of his own interests are given in. sup port of every progressive movement that will redound to the benefit of the com munity. CHARLES B. SHOEMAKER. Charles B- Shoemaker, manager of the Washington Grain & Milling Company, was born in Walla Walla, Washington, on January 15, 1882, and is a son of James W. and Kizzie D. (Turner) Shoemaker. His parents are natives of Ohio, whence they removed to Washington in 1879, locating in Walla Walla. After residing there for two years they removed to Lincoln county, settling on a ranch in the vicinity of Reardan, the father now being one of the well known and prosperous agriculturists of Lincoln county.' When old enough to begin his education Charles B. Shoemaker entered the pub lic schools of Reardan, and after completing the course went to PuUman, this state, where he attended the Agricultural College for three years. Returning to Reardan in August, 1903, he became bookkeeper for the Washington Grain & Milling Company, retaining this position for one year. At the end of that time he went to Creston, to accept a similar position with the Creston Mining Com pany, but after spending a year in their service he returned to Reardan and in 1905 again entered the employment of the Washington Grain & Milling Company. He was assistant manager and bookkeeper until the 18th of July, 1911, when he was promoted to the office of manager, the responsibilities of which position he is discharging with efficiency. Reardan was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Shoemaker, on the 15th of Au gust, 1904, to Miss Grace Davidson, a daughter of James and Margerite E. Davidson, the father now deceased. One child has been born unto Mr. and Mrs. Shoe maker, Loren James. The fraternal relations of Mr. Shoemaker are confined to his membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and his political support he gives to the democratic party, the policy of which he fully indorses. Although he takes an interest in the development and progress of the town and fully appreciates the value of an efficient and capable governing body, Mr. Shoemaker does not actively participate in municipal affairs, giving his undivided attention to the discharge of his personal interests. J. C. WHITE. In hastening the development of the Coeur d'Alene lake region, J. C. White has been a virile force in promoting not only the economic growth of this section of the country but also its social, political and educational advancement. He was born in Wyoming, Nebraska, in 1865, a son of A. K. and Frances (Giles) White. His father, who was born in Maryland, was one of the pioneer settlers of Ne- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 443 braska possessing the true spirit of Westward Ho. Although born in a slave state he was a prominent abolitionist and served in the Civil war, enlisting in Com pany F, of the Second Nebraska Cavalry. Early in the war he was handicapped by a severe wound in the hand, but notwithstanding he continued in the service and aided the cause on to its final triumph. He was an enthusiastic republican and used to say that every state of which he became a resident seemed to become republican after his arrival. He was elected a representative to the Nebraska legislature, belonging to that body at the same time that Colonel W. S. Cody, of Buffalo Bill fame, was a member, during the session which accomplished the re moval of the capital to Lincoln, Nebraska. After the usual elementary and secondary education, J. C. White attended the Denver University at Denver, Colorado, and in 1887 began his work as engineer for D. C. Corbin when the railroad was being constructed between Wardner and Wallace, Idaho. Later he was employed by E. J. Roberts as engineer in the con struction of the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railroad in western Washington. In 1889 he secured an appointment in the postoffice at Spokane and during the great fire assisted in saving the mail and removing it to a place of safety. Shortly after this he again went to work for the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railroad, becoming a resident engineer, and located at Sedro, Washington, from which point he had charge of thirty-five miles of the construction of the railroad. In 1892 he took up a homestead claim in Idaho on the St. Maries river, removing to this place which he still owns. An interesting fact in connection with this claim in that the first filings in Idaho under the timber and stone acts were filed on land adjoining his location by E. F. Von Dissel, Frank Hopkins and M. Carr. In 1901 Mr. White became a resident of Coeur d'Alene engaging in the lumber business here and in the same year was instrumental, as one of the incorporators, in securing the construction of the Coeur d'Alene & Spokane Electric Railway for which he acted in the capacity of chief engineer attending to the building until it was com pleted and in proper running order. On December 24, 1902, Mr. White brought the first car into Coeur d'Alene, making its maiden trip over the new road. He also organized, in 1901, the Red Collar Line of steamboats plying on Coeur d'Alene lake and adjacent rivers, and in December, 1904, took over the entire charge of this enterprise, becoming the president and general manager of the com pany, a position which he still holds. Other enterprises to which he lent his financial cooperation are the Exchange National Bank of Coeur d'Alene which he helped to organize and of which he is a director, and the Rathdrum State Bank of Rath drum, Idaho, in which he is a director. Always watchful for opportunities he has improved each one that came within his grasp and has attained to his present success through determined application, good judgment and the cool courage to take a business hazard. In February, 1895, Mr. White was united in the bonds of matrimony to Miss Harriet M. Whitmore, a niece of M. R. Fish, of Farmington, Washington. They are the parents of three children: Frances, born in 1904; Alfred Kirk, born in 1906; and Constance, born in 1908. Politically Mr. White is actively interested in advancing the influence of the republican party in his section of the country. In 1898 he was elected county surveyor of Kootenai county, for the regular term of two years; and in 1900 was elected to the state legislature on the silver-republican ticket and was instrumental 444 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE in electing Fred T. Du Bois United States senator. He served two years during which time he was chairman of the fusion caucus and chairman of the state affairs committee. From 1906 to 1908 he was president of the Volunteer Fire Depart ment of Coeur d'Alene and in 1905 became president of the board of education of Coeur d'Alene, in which capacity he is still serving, since the term does not expire until the latter part of the current year. In fraternal circles he is known as an enthusiastic Mason, having taken both the Knight Templar and the Scot tish Rite degrees, and belonging also to El Katif Temple of the Mystic Shrine of Spokane. Socially he finds recreation and pleasure in the Commercial Club of Coeur d'Alene of which he was president from 1905 to 1908, in the Inland Club of Spokane, Washington, of which he is a director, and in the Spokane Club of Spokane, Washington. A man of much force of character and personal charm Mr. White is well liked wherever he is known both in the business world and in social circles of Coeur d'Alene and Spokane where he has a large number of close friends. CHARLES HERBERT ROGERS. Charles Herbert Rogers, president of the real-estate and building firm of Rogers & Rogers, was born in Hastings, Michigan, May 26, 1870, and is descended in the paternal line from Scotch-Irish ancestry. At a period antedating the Revolutionary war settlement was made in Maine by representatives of the name. His father, Hiram Rogers, enlisted for service in the Civil war but on account of his weight was rejected, being too heavy for field duty. He is now living retired in Hastings with his wife, who bore the maiden name of Lydia Pillsbury. She was born in Racine, Wisconsin, and her father was a chaplain in the Civil war. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hiram Rogers were born three sons and five daughters: Charles Herbert; Winfield Scott, who is now engaged in business with his brother; Theodore L., who is engaged in the Mexican land business and in real-estate dealing in Oakland, Cali fornia; Stella M., the widow of F. W. Greble, of Buffalo, New York, where she now resides ; Mary, the wife of W. A. Shader, of Hastings, Michigan : Belle, the wife of B. L. Kenyon, of Lansing, Michigan; and Glenna and Gertrude, also living in Hastings. Promotion from one grade to another in the public schools of his native town at length brought Charles H. Rogers to the high school of Hastings and subsequently he graduated from Teller's Business College at Kalamazoo, Michigan. He re mained upon his father's farm until twenty-two years of age and in October, 1892, arrived in Spokane. Here he engaged in the real-estate business with his brother W. S.. Rogers under the firm style of Rogers & Rogers. The relation was main tained until 1899, when Charles H. Rogers purchased his brother's interest and conducted the business alone until March, 1911, when he was again joined by his brother and the business was incorporated under the name of Rogers & Rogers. They conduct a general real-estate and building business, which has grown to goodly proportions. Their especial line is the building of houses on the installment plan and they have erected hundreds of dwellings in different parts of the city. They have also put up some small business blocks and they deal largely in their C. H. ROGERS SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 447 own property, but they have a good real-estate brokerage business. They also con duct an insurance business and have a large rental, and loan department. They are district agents for the Glens Falls, Firemen's of Newark, Milwaukee Mechan ics, Merchants of Denver, and also represent several other large fire insurance companies together with plate glass, automobile, liability, and surety companies. They have secured a good clientage in the different departments of their business and are now actively engaged in the management of growing and important in terests. On the 1st of January, 1904, Mr. Rogers was united in marriage to Miss Mamie Russell, a daughter of Charles Russell, who is now living retired. They have two sons, Russell and Richard Rogers. The family attend the Presbyterian church and Mr. Rogers belongs to the Masonic fraternity, having taken the degrees of the lodge, commandery and consistory, and also has become a member of the Mvstic Shrine. He likewise belongs to the Spokane lodge of Elks, No. 228, to the Spo kane Club and is a life member of both the Inland Club and the Spokane Amateur Athletic Club. He is also a member of the Chamber of Commerce. His political allegiance is given the republican party and his military record covers service as a member of the National Guard of Washington. He is yet a young man but has proven his worth in a business way and socially, intellectually and morally. He looks at life from no narrow nor contracted standpoint but with broad vision takes cognizance of that which is most worth while for the community and the individual, loyally supporting the former and untiringly seeking out the latter. ROBERT G. WILLIAMSON. Robert G. Williamson, who came to Spokane county in 1876 and is now resid ing on Williamson prairie, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, July 26, 1834, his parents being John and Jane Findlay (Archer) Williamson. Robert G. Williamson received his education in the public schools of Pennsylvania until he reached the age of fifteen years after which he assisted his father in the culti vation of his farm until he removed to Freeport, Illinois, where he farmed for seven years. Desiring to make this occupation his life's work he again took it up in Harden county, Iowa, and also in Kansas, spending seven years in each of those states. The opportunities of the far west, however, attracted him and seemed to him to offer far greater possibilities than the east or the prairies of the Mississippi valley. In 1875 he removed to Oregon, locating at Albany for a year's residence before coming to the Spokane region. For a brief period he resided on Pine creek in what is now called the Farmington country, but he soon took up his perma nent residence in Spokane county, and on the 9th of August, 1876, moved upon a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres of land five miles southeast of the city of Spokane. He also purchased forty acres adjoining the original tract and one hundred and seventy-three acres on Richland prairie. Since he has acquired these various properties he has brought his fields under a high state of cultivation and made many substantial improvements. Year after year he has Carefully tilled the soil, and his farming operations have brought him creditable success, the greater part of his time and attention being devoted to market gar- Vnl. Ill— 2 3 448 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE dening, although he raised a great variety of farm products and formerly gave his attention to growing small fruits. Indolence and idleness are utterly foreign to his nature, and having the fundamental characteristics for winning success, he has proven one of the successful agriculturists in the district. The building of the Inland Railroad through this section about six years ago caused a sharp advance in land prices and Mr. Williamson took advantage of the boom and instead of further devoting his energies to the cultivation of his farm sold all of his property but three acres of orchard and retired. Since his wife's death in 1910 he resides with his son Robert Williamson at Glenrose, a station on the old homestead, which is now known as the Old Home addition. Mr. Williamson was one of the earliest advocates of the good roads movement in this section and con tributed generously in time and labor toward the accomplishment of this object. During the first two years of his residence he had to drive to Walla Walla for supplies and there bought the first sample wagon exhibited in this section long be fore there was ever shown such an article in Spokane. On another one of his trips to Walla Walla he was halted by five mounted Indians, who dismounted and forced him to let them look over his outfit. Not finding any arms or any more supplies than were necessary for the trip, they held a pow wow and came to the conclusion that he was on a peaceful errand, letting him ride away without doing any harm. It was his ability to make friends, which at that time saved his life. On another occasion, during one of the Indian raids, his family with a small group of women and children sought security on the big island near Spokane Falls, but he could not be moved to forsake his place and he staid on his farm, taking care of the place and the stock, scouting the idea of any possible harm befaUing him. On the 11th of March, 1856, Mr. Williamson was married to Miss Sarah H. Shelly, the daughter of Samuel and Ellen Shelly, of Freeport, Illinois. To this union eight children were born: Alpheus J., Flora A., John S., Anna M., and Robert, all living; and Clark N., Sylvanus A., and Mina H., deceased. Mrs. Williamson's death occurred on November 26, 1910. During her lifetime, because of her many admirable social characteristics and because of her conscientious de votion to her home and to her church duties in the Adventist church, she won the affection and regard of all with whom she came in contact. Mr. Williamson has been so intimately connected with the development and growth of his district that he is recognized as one of its leading citizens, and because of his hospitable and kindly nature he is well liked and highly respected by his fellow citizens. C. H. FINROW. C. H. Finrow, for the past nine years engaged in the general mercantile busi ness in Reardan with his nephew, G. H- Finrow, is a native of Norwav. He was born in the city of Drammen on the 8th of September, 1857, and is a son of Hans and Bertha Finrow, also natives of Norway. The father, who was a farmer, emigrated to the United States with his wife and family, locating in' Iowa during the pioneer days, but later removed to Minnesota. In the acquirement of an education, C. H. Finrow attended the district schools of Winneshiek county, Iowa, until he attained the age of fourteen. His student days SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 449 were then terminated, his time thereafter being entirely given to assisting his father with the cultivation of the farm until he had attained his maturity. When old enough to begin for himself he went to Minnesota, filing on a homestead in Becker county, which he diligently improved and cultivated for five years. At the expiration of that period he disposed of his farm and removed to Park Lake, Minnesota, where he obtained a clerkship in the general mercantile store of W. J. R. Herring, remaining in this employment for eight years. Resigning this po sition he accepted a similar one in the store of J. A. Danielson, also of Lake Park, with whom he remained for seven years. In 1902, Mr. Finrow came to Washington, settling in Reardan where he became associated with his nephew, G. H. Finrow, in the general mercantile business. They have succeeded in building up a very good following and enjoy an excellent patronage, the scope of their activities constantly increasing in a most gratifying manner. Lake Park was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Finrow to Miss Mary Lar son, and they have become the parents of five children: Cora, who married Charles Heath of Spokane and has one son, Kinert; Victor, who is also a resident of Spo kane; and Effie, Elma and Guyda. Mr. Finrow belongs to the Odd Fellows and the Modern Woodmen, while his political support is given to the republican party. He has always taken an inter est in municipal affairs and served for six years on the school board, while in De cember, 1908, he was elected to the city council and is still a member of this body. Both he and Mrs. Finrow are active members of the Presbyterian church, of which he is one of the trustees, and number among its congregation many warm friends. H. G. BURNS. H. G. Burns, cashier of the Reardan Exchange Bank, has been a resident of Reardan for twelve years. He was born in La Fayette county, Missouri, on June 26, 1878, and is a son of James H. and Ida (Mason) Burns. The father was a wealthy Virginian who early removed to La Fayette county, Missouri, and en gaged in farming, later becoming a resident of Spokane, Washington, where he lived retired. The education of H. G. Burns was begun in his native state where he had at tended a private school for three years before he removed with his parents to Spokane. There for a time he attended the old Jenkins University or Methodist College and later went to the public schools, remaining a student therein until he was fifteen years of age. He then entered a printing office, spending two years in learning the trade, at the same time pursuing a commercial course in the Spo kane Business College. He subsequently became collector for the Washington Water Power Company, remaining in their service for two years. In 1899 he came to Reardan as bookkeeper for the Washington Grain & Milling Company, continuing to be identified with this company for three years. When the Reardan Exchange Bank was reorganized in 1902 he became cashier and has ever since remained in this capacity. He is also interested in the Chamokane Lumber Com pany and is numbered among the capable and successful business men of the town. On the 16th of October, 1900, Mr. Burns was united in marriage to Miss Edna 450 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Crawford of Pendleton, Oregon, and they have become the parents of three sons: Ronald, Dean and Crawford. His political prerogatives Mr. Burns exercises in support of the men and meas ures of the republican party, but does not prominently participate in municipal affairs. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, taking an active interest in this fraternity. During the period of his residence in Reardan, Mr. Burns has won and retained the friendship of many people because of his estim able personal characteristics as well as his rare business abiHty and trustworthiness. FRED LEWIS TIFFANY. Fred Lewis Tiffany, president of the Coeur d'Alene Abstract & Title Guar antee Company, is one of the representative business men of Coeur d'Alene, of which he has been a resident for the past four years. He was born in Mason City, Iowa, on the 20th of May, 1877, and is a son of David M. and Addie R. (Knight) Tiffany. The boyhood and youth of Fred Lewis Tiffany did not differ save in details from those of the average lad of similar circumstances. He attended the com mon schools in the acquirement of his preliminary^ education, after the completion of which he matriculated at the University of Minnesota, where he applied him self to the mastery of the rules of jurisprudence, being graduated with the de gree of LL. B. with the class of 1901. Although he has been admitted to practice in the courts of Minnesota, South Dakota and Idaho, during the period of his resi dence in this state he has not engaged in any legal work save that connected with the company of which he is the head. Immediately following his graduation from the University, Mr. Tiffany went to South Dakota, establishing an office at Selby, that he maintained for two years. In 1903 he received the appointment of United States court commissioner for the district of South Dakota, and located at Evarts, that state. He was identified with this office until 1905, when he removed to Mitchell, to assume the duties of deputy register of deeds, having charge of the office for two years. In June, 1907, he came to Coeur d'Alene and together with his father organized the Coeur d'Alene Abstract & Title Guarantee Company, of which the latter was president, while he was secretary and manager. Upon the retirement of his father from active life in the spring of 1911, Mr. Tiffany be came president of the company. This is one of the well established enterprises of the city, and is now located at 414 Sherman avenue, where they have very pleas ant and well appointed quarters. During the brief period of his identification with the business interests of this city, Mr. Tiffany has manifested the initiative, foresight and sagacity essential to the success of any undertaking. On the 20th of May, 1902, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Tiffany and Miss Florence Gregory, a daughter of William H. and Ellen M. (Barnhardt) Gregory, of Mitchell, South Dakota, and unto them have been born two children, Lewis and Milton. Both Mr. and Mrs. Tiffany take an interest in the social life of the community, and often extend the hospitality of their home, located at Gov ernment Way and Foster street, to their many friends. Mr. Tiffany is and has always been a stanch adherent of the republican party SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 451 and is at present serving as secretary of the county central republican committee. He has also filled the office of city clerk and sat as police judge here from 1909 to 1911. He belongs to Coeur d'Alene Lodge, No. 1254, Protective Benevolent Order of Elks and also the Masons, having attained the thirty-second degree in the Scottish Rite of the latter order, and is affiliated with Idaho Consistory, No. 3. His connection with organizations of a more purely social nature is confined to his membership in the Inland and University Clubs of Spokane. In the con duct of his business Mr. Tiffany has manifested those qualities that invariably win the respect of all upright people, and is, therefore, accorded the esteem of all with whom he has had transactions. E. E. NOBLE. Highest tribute should be paid to the man, who without either capital or in fluence save his determination of purpose and indomitable will attains a position that entitles him to the respect of his community through recognition of his power. Of such as these is E. E. Noble, one of Lincoln county's extensive property hold ers and cashier of the Farmers' State Bank of Reardan. He was born in Carroll, Maine, on the 2d of January, 1872, and is a son of Alpredo and Lorinda Noble. The mother of E. E. Noble died when he was a young boy and in 1877 the father removed to California. He resided in the latter state until 1881, and then removed to Pierce county, Washington, where for many years he was engaged in farming, but is now living retired. From his earliest boyhood E. E. Noble was trained to farm work, having as sisted his father about the fields when not engaged with his studies. His educa tion was begun in the public schools of California and finished in those of Pierce county, which he continued to attend until he had attained the age of eighteen years. Laying aside his text-books he entered upon employment in a newspaper office, where he spent two years in learning the printer's trade. At the expiration of that period he came to Reardan locating here in 1893. During the succeeding two years he worked as a farm hand on various ranches in Lincoln county, becom ing more dissatisfied with his life each month, realizing that there was no future for the man who worked for others. Determined to make a start for himself he gave up his position and with a capital of thirty dollars began his career as a ranchman. He leased one hundred and sixty acres of land, and bought such food stuffs as he felt he would necessarily require, spending the remainder for seed. He began his work with that absolute confidence of success which is an outgrowth of the determination of purpose that refuses to recognize failure. Discourage ments were encountered and conquered, defeats but served to strengthen his reso lution, and failures were but stepping-stones to success. He possessed the tenacity of purpose that enabled him to dominate conditions, and although the succeeding five or six years were, a continuation of unremitting energy and self-denial they brought him to the plane where the future was assured. Mr. Noble has every rea son to be proud of his achievement, although it is no more than any other man with equal energy and determination could accomplish, because these form the elements of success in any vocation or undertaking. He is now the owner of eleven 452 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE hundred acres of the best wheat land, in the vicinity of Reardan, that he leases. In 1910 he withdrew from his agricultural pursuits and removed to town, becoming a stockholder of the Farmers' State Bank, of which he has ever since been cashier. He owns a fine residence here in addition to his many other interests and is known as one of the affluent citizens of the town. Mr. Noble completed his arrangements for a home by his marriage on the 28th of November, 1897, to Miss Bessie Sexson, a daughter of J. C. Sexson, who is mentioned at greater length elsewhere in this work. Of this union there have been born three children: Helen Lorinda, Ralph Sexson and Ernest Eugene. The republican party is awarded Mr. Noble's political allegiance, but the development of his various interests has prevented him from any prominent partici pation in governmental affairs. He is a Mason, and an Odd Fellow and belongs to the Foresters of America and the Woodmen of the World. Mr. Noble's success is but an illustration of the unlimited possibilities afforded to those who make an honest effort and earnest endeavor in striving to attain their ambition. FREDERICK W. FITZE. One of the substantial citizens of Coeur d'Alene and one whose business en terprise has greatly contributed to the financial and material welfare of this rapidly rising town is Frederick W. Fitze, a prosperous real-estate man also handling fire and life insurance, bonds and loans, and prominently connected with a large number of commercial interests in this vicinity. Born in Wayne county, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1872, he is the son of John and Mary Ann (James) Fitze, natives of England, who were married in Pennsylvania shortly after their arrival in this country. In 1879 they removed to Taylor county^, Wisconsin, where they are still living being now past eighty years of age and in excellent health and good spirits. Frederick W. Fitze obtained his education in the public schools of Wis consin and began working at the age of seventeen years in the lumber camps of northern Wisconsin. He continued at this employment until the fall of 1895 when he went to Hurley, Wisconsin, to live, being appointed to the position of deputy treasurer of Iron county. He served in this capacity for a year when a good open ing was offered him by the Kimble & Clark Lumber Company at Hurley and he entered their employ as bookkeeper in the company's retail lumberyard, con tinuing in this position for a year and a half, when he secured employment as book keeper with the Rust-Owen Lumber Company of Drummond, Wisconsin, and after one and one-half year was promoted to the cashiership, in which position he had entire charge of the office. He served in this capacity for nine years and then re signed in order to seek a larger field for his activities in the newly settled por tions of the west. Knowing that the step which he was about to take required careful consideration he was deliberate in his plans travelling through Alberta, southern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho in order to look over the ground thoroughly with a view to the best place for location. He concluded at length that Coeur d'Alene was likely to be the most promising of the places he had seen and therefore remained here and engaged in business in 1906 under the firm name F. W. Fitze, beginning with the buying and selling of real estate and SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 453 soliciting underwriters for the life and fire insurance companies which he repre sented. Besides handling local real estate he buys and sells farm lands in Kootenai county, Idaho, and in Alberta and Saskatchewan counties, British Columbia. He is identified with all the irrigation projects of Kootenai county, Idaho, acting as purchasing agent for the Hayden Lake Irrigated Lands Company, for the Dalton Garden Lands Company and for the Post Falls Irrigation Lands Company, bear ing the relation of stockholder and director to the last named company. In 1907 he acted for D. C. Corbin in securing the purchase of the right-of-way through Kootenai county for the Spokane & International Railroad Company. Mr. Fitze has just completed the building of a business block on the main business street of the city — Sherman avenue between Fourth and Fifth streets — and has also built three residences, selling two of them and keeping one at No. 801, Garden street, for his own use. His business equipment is entirely modern and he possesses the only independent safety deposit boxes outside of the banks in Coeur d'Alene. On September 14, 1896, Mr. Fitze was united in the bonds of matrimony to Miss Lumira Wais, a daughter of Joseph Wais, of Marathon City, Wisconsin. Prior to her marriage Mrs. Fitze taught school for a number of years in Taylor county, that state. Mr. Fitze is a thirty-second degree Mason of the Scottish Rite, and is a mem ber of El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Spokane. He is also a member of the Commercial Club of Coeur d'Alene. When a resident of Wisconsin he took an active interest in politics, being an enthusiastic republican, and was elected to the school board and to the position of town clerk of Drummond, Wisconsin, in 1896, and in 1897 was elected town treasurer and treasurer of the school board continu ing to hold these offices until he went west. During most of that period he was also justice of the peace and was sent as a delegate to the county conventions for several consecutive years. On coming to Coeur d'Alene, however, he resolved to refrain from active participation in politics, preferring to devote all his time to his rapidly multiplying business responsibilities. In the spring of 1911 he was urged by his friends to become a candidate on the citizen's ticket for the office of city treasurer, but he steadfastly declined in spite of the solicitations of the en tire banking fraternity. He is recognized as a man of keen powers of discern ment possessing the mental alertness and spirit of daring enterprise that are in keeping with the progressive business attitude of the growing west. J. C. DRISCOLL. J. C. Driscoll, who has been engaged in the general mercantile business in Reardan for the past twelve years, is one of the town's most enterprising and progressive citizens. He was born in Binghamton, New York, on the 17th of May, 1867, and is a son of Michael and Johanna (O'Brien) Driscoll, also natives of the Empire state. Agricultural pursuits always engaged the attention of the father, who was a veteran of the Civil war, having served as a member of the Twenty-seventh Volunteer Infantry of New York. Reared on his father's farm in New York, J. C. Driscoll obtained his early education, in the public schools, this being supplemented later by an academic 454 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE course of one year. When he was twenty he left the parental roof and came west, believing that better opportunities were here afforded for advancement than could, be found in the more populous sections of the east. He first located in Cheney, Washington, where he joined a party of engineers engaged in surveying for the Washington Central Railroad. During the succeeding ten years he continued to be identified with railroad interests, but in 1899 he came to Reardan and engaged in the general mercantile business. He has met with a most gratifying measure of success in this undertaking and has extended the scope of his activities until he is financially interested in various thriving enterprises in this locality. He has a large and well selected stock of merchandise and offers his goods at reasonable prices. He enjoys an excellent patronage, his being one of the largest stores in Lincoln county. .Mr. Driscoll is a man of progressive ideas and conducts his busi ness in strict accordance with modern commercial methods. His patrons are ac corded courteous treatment at all times, their wants being anticipated and satis fied if possible, as he considers that the best mode of advertising is through well satisfied customers. On the 14th of February, 1899, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Driscoll and Miss Mary Berriegan, a daughter of Thomas Berriegan, an agriculturist of New York. Three daughters have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Driscoll, Mary, Katherine and Agnes. Mr. and Mrs. Driscoll are communicants of the Roman Catholic church, and in his political views he is a democrat, but does not actively participate in municipal affairs. Public life and official honors have never attracted him, as being a lover of home life he prefers to devote such time as is not required in looking after his various business interests to his family. The success that has been awarded his en deavors since locating in Reardan is entirely attributable to his unremitting energy and determination of purpose, as discouragements that would have stunned the am bition of a man of less persistency have only served to inspire him to yet greater effort. FRANCIS LEO QUIGLEY, M. D. Dr. Francis Leo Quigley, who has been city physician and health officer in Wal lace since 1909 and also secretary of the county board of health, is one of the very promising representatives of his profession in Shoshone county. He was born at Salina, Kansas, October 21, 1879, his parents being John B. and Maggie T. (Murray) Quigley. The boyhood and early youth of Dr. Quigley were spent beneath the parental roof, his preliminary education being acquired in the public schools of his native state. He subsequently entered St. Mary's College, from which institution he was graduated in 1900 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Having decided to adopt the profession of medicine for his life vocation, he then matriculated in the medical de partment of the Georgetown University at Washington, D. C, being awarded his degree with the class of 1904. In order to acquire a broader knowledge of the prac tical treatment of disease, he entered the Georgetown University Hospital, where he held an interneship for two months, after which he became resident physician at the ¦ w m' ^| ¦¦' -'-^^¦A 3f ¦i ni'j-tf^ DR. F. LEO QUIGLEY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 457 St. Joseph's Hospital, in St. Joseph, Missouri. Three months later he was appointed to the United States Marine Hospital service, being stationed first as assistant sur geon in the Marine Hospital at Portland, Maine, and later in the Marine Hospitals of New York and Boston. After spending about fifteen months in this service he resigned and came to Idaho, and on the 1st of January, 1906, entered upon his duties as assistant to Dr. France of Wardner, chief surgeon of the Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Concentrating Company. In the following December he withdrew from this connection and came to Wallace to become a member of the staff of Providence Hos pital, in which capacity he is still serving. Dr. Quigley's preparation for his profession has been most thorough in every re spect and during the period of his practice here he has shown himself to be most efficient and capable both as a surgeon and a diagnostician. He is now and has been since 1909 surgeon for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company; the Federal Mining & Smelting Company ; the Hecla Mining Company ; the Snowstorm, Hunter, and In terstate Mining Companies ; and the Coeur d'Alene Iron Works. During the five years of his residence in the county he has held a number of public positions, having been appointed assistant county physician in 1907, while two years later he was made county physician and health officer, his term expiring in 1911. His various duties as surgeon for the different corporations *ith which he is professionally identified and the responsibilities of his public offices, together with his large private practice keep Dr. Quigley constantly occupied. He is very conscientious in his recognition and discharge of his duties to his patients, having but little consideration for his own comfort and wishes in his effort to alleviate the sufferings of those who appeal to him for relief. Dr. Quigley has not married. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus' of Wallace, having been one of the organizers of the local lodge, and, in 1909 and 1910, he was grand knight of this order and at the same time he was district deputy grand knight of the state of Idaho and state treasurer of the order, while at the present time he is trustee of the Wallace Lodge, having held this office since 1910. He is also an Elk, being affiliated with Wallace Lodge, No. 331, B. P. O. E.; a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, and the United Commercial Travelers of Kansas, while his connection for more purely social reasons is confined to his membership in the Spokane Club, of Spokane. Dr. Quigley is as popular socially as professionally, those qualities that so well adapt him to the duties as a physician, serving to enable him to win and retain the esteem of those of those with whom he comes in contact. F. A. BLACKWELL. In F. A. Blackwell the Inland Empire possesses a fine type of the independent organizer and builder of railroad systems. Mr. Blackwell came to the Spokane country twelve years ago and located in Coeur d'Alene City, where he engaged in the purchase of timber lands, preparatory to the development of large lumber manu facturing plants. Two years later his family joined him at Coeur d'Alene City and soon thereafter he entered upon a career of railroad construction which for quiet but brilliant achievement has few parallels east or west. Before the Spokane public was aware of the significance of his preliminary 458 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE moves, his surveyors had run lines between Coeur d'Alene City and Spokane; his agents had acquired the necessary right-of-way and construction work was well under progress, in 1903, on the Coeur d'Alene and Spokane Electric Railway. This road became the nucleus of the Spokane and Inland Empire Electric System, built by Mr. Blackwell and his associates south to Palouse and Colfax. Applying these same quiet and unostentatious methods, Mr. Blackwell organ ized and built the Idaho & Washington Northern Railroad in 1907. Even before the Spokane newspapers comprehended the magnitude of his operations he had acquired the right-of-way and had fifteen hundred men on construction work be tween Grand Junction, in the Spokane Valley, and Newport, on the Pend d'Oreille River. Preliminary to this great undertaking, Mr. Blackwell had bought exten sive tracts in the Spirit Lake country. Contemporaneously with the building of the railroad, he laid out and built the fine modern little city of Spirit Lake, which will ever stand as a monument to his good taste and thoroughgoing methods. Since 1907, Mr. Blackwell has extended the Idaho & Washington Northern down the picturesque and rich valley of the Pend d'Oreille river, to Metaline Falls, a few miles south of the Canadian boundary line. Incidentally he founded and built the new town of lone. To Mr. Blackwell belongs the credit' of establishing the cement industry in the Inland Empire. He is vice president of the Inland Portland Cement Com pany, which completed, in 1911, a large and modern plant at MetaHne Falls. He organized the Panhandle Lumber Company in 1904 and built the large modern mills at Spirit Lake, Idaho, and lone, Washington. He organized in 1909, the Blackwell Lumber Company in Coeur d'Alene and purchased the mill and prop erty of the B. R. Lewis Lumber Company of that city. Mr. Blackwell is closely identified with the following institutions: president of the Idaho & Washington Northern Railroad; the Panhandle Lumber Company; the Blackwell Lumber Com pany ; the American Trust Company of Coeur d'Alene ; the Bank of Spirit Lake, Idaho; First National Bank of Newport, Washington; the Calispel Valley Bank at Usk, Washington ; lone State Bank, at lone, Washington, and he is a director of the Old National Bank and the Union Trust & Savings Bank of Spokane. He holds all the Masonic degrees and is a member of the Spokane, the Inland and Country Clubs of this city. Mr. Blackwell is a self-made man and a well made one. He was born Decem ber 23, 1852, at. Fairfield, Maine, a son of Nathaniel Russell Blackwell and Sarah H. (Nye) Blackwell. His father was a blacksmith in that town and a native of Maine. Mr. Blackwell was educated in the district schools of Fairfield and as a boy found employment on a farm at twenty-five cents a day. At the asje of seven teen he went to Pennsylvania and worked in the lumber camps there from 1869 to 1872. From 1872 to 1880 he was employed by the Pennsylvania Railroad as freight and ticket agent. In 1880 he began business for himself, contracting for lumber in Clearfield, Elk, Potter and Cameron counties, Pennsylvania. He was married at Renova, Pennsylvania, August 14. 1874, to Isabella F. Bell, a daughter of Jonathan Bell of Holton, Maine. They have two children: Russell F. Blackwell, born in 1878 at Driftwood, Pennsylvania, and who is now vice presi dent and general manager of the Idaho & Washington Northern Railroad and lives at Spirit Lake, Idaho; and Helen Blanche Blackwell, born in 1883 at Driftwood, Pennsylvania, and now the wife of R. M. Hart, secretary of the Blackwell Lum- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 459 ber Company of Coeur d'Alene City. Mr. Blackwell's home address is 817 Sher man avenue, Coeur d'Alene City. In politics Mr. Blackwell has been a republican all his life. He has never held a public office. Mr. Blackwell's achievements are an unfailing index to the high character of the man. Whatever he undertakes, he must do thoroughly well. His railroad is concededly the best built, the best equipped and the best managed, in dependent system in the west and probably in the United States. His mills are modern in the last degree. Inevitably a man of this type must draw around him subordinates who possess a high degree of efficiency. Mr. Blackwell's employes are his friends "and loyal admirers. He is democratic to a degree, though quiet and reserved and always avoiding publicity and personal discussion of his affairs. He enjoys in preeminent degree the respect and confidence of his friends and the public. E. A. WALKER. E. A. Walker, owner and publisher of the Reardan Gazette, is one of the well known newspaper men of Lincoln county. He was born in Kane county, Illinois, on December 6, 1866, and is a son of Benjamin and Jennie (Roberts) Walker, na tives of the state of New York. They removed from there to Illinois during the early years of their married life and afterward' became residents of Indiana, lo cating in White county in 1879. Agricultural pursuits always engaged the atten tion of the father, who was a veteran of the Civil war. When a lad of three years, E. A. Walker removed with his parents from Illi nois to Indiana, in whose district schools he received his education. After one year spent in the high school his text-books were laid aside, his time from that period until he was twenty-one being given to assisting his father with the work of the farm. Upon attaining his majority he went to South Dakota where he spent a year, then returned to Indiana. In 1899 he entered a printing office in White county, where he learned the trade, after which he went to Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, for three months. He subsequently returned to White county and soon thereafter established in Wolcott a paper and printing business which he successfully conducted for fifteen years. Disposing of his business at the end of that time he came west, locating in Lincoln county. In 1909 he purchased the Reardan Gazette and has ever since engaged in its publication. A man of high principles and noble purpose, Mr. Walker has used the columns of his paper to support every progressive movement or worthy enterprise inaugurated for the bet terment of local conditions or the advancement of municipal interests. On the 22d of June, 1899, he was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary Bessie Law, of Sullivan county, Missouri, and to them have been born three children, Everett Foster, Virginia Law and James Robert. Both Mr. and Mrs. Walker hold membership in the Presbyterian church, while fraternally he is affiliated with the Masonic order and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His political views accord with the principles of the republican party, to whose candidates his paper accords its unqualified support. He has al ways taken an active interest in the municipal affairs wherever he has resided 460 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE and when living in Wolcott served as a member of the town council and as city clerk. Mr. Walker is fearless in his denunciation of those practices, whether in public or private life, that do not conform to the highest conceptions of truth and honor, fully recognizing the power and appreciating the opportunities afforded the press in molding the ideals held in common by all mankind. DEL CARY SMITH. Del Cary Smith is entitled to threefold prominence, first, as a self-made man and lawyer, second, as a leading representative of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, and third, as one of the influential members of the democratic party, who bases his political activity upon a belief in its principles and a patriotic devotion to the welfare of his country. He was born near Schenectady, New York, March 30, 1869, his parents being Joshua Tompkins and Helen Marr (Thompson) Smith. The ancestry in the paternal line can be traced back to Daniel D. Tompkins, who was one of the early governors of New York, and also vice president of the United States. Joshua Tompkins Smith followed stock-raising in the east and subsequently removed westward to Omaha, Nebraska, where he now makes his home. In the meantime, however, he had served for three years in the Civil war as a member of the Seventh New York Cavalry and lived for a time in Fulton county, Illinois, before he continued his journey to Omaha. It was during the period of family residence in Fulton county that Del Cary Smith began his early education in the public schools. When he was a lad of ten yrears he accompanied his parents to Tecumseh, Michigan, where they re mained for a time. Later he became a pupil in Amity College, at CoUege Springs, Iowa, completing the scientific course as taught in that institution. Since 1888 he has been identified with the northwest, settling first at Dungeness, Washington, where he remained for a brief period, and then took up his abode at Port Town- send, Washington, where he was called to the office of city clerk, serving for two years. In the meantime he had devoted the hours which are usually termed leisure to the study of law and was admitted to practice by the United States district court at Seattle in 1890. He then opened an office at Port Townsend, where he followed his profession for seven years, gaining much valuable experience during that time and serving also for three years of that period as city attorney. The 4th of March, 1897, witnessed his arrival in Spokane, and he may well be "proud of the record which he has since made, for when he came to this city he had practically nothing and by constant application to his profession alone has gained comfortable competence. As his financial resources have increased he has made judicious investment in property in Spokane and is also owner of a ranch of five hundred and twenty acres at Waverly, in the Palouse country. The suc cess which he has attained in his profession is due to his own efforts and merits. Well versed in the law and with deep knowledge of human nature and the springs of human conduct, with shrewdness and sagacity and marked tact, he is in the courts an advocate of power and influence. In 1900, Mr. Smith was married to Miss Luella Goff, a daughter of W. C. tent force for progress and improvement. He has been recognized as one of the SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 461 prominent representatives of the Fraternal Order of Eagles since it was founded at Seattle in 1888. Four times he has been president of Spokane Aerie, No. 2, and was twice grand worthy president of the order of the United States and Canada, having been first elected in 1901. At that time there were one hundred and twenty-five aeries in the United States and some of these in bad standing. The grand aerie was in debt to the amount of five thousand dollars. At the expira tion of his first term of office, the number of aeries had doubled and the grand lodge, with all debts paid, had still twenty-four thousand dollars in the treasury. Mr. Smith was unanimously reelected in the convention held in Minneapolis. In 1902, and when he retired from the position, there were five hundred aeries in the United States and Canada and the order had fifty-seven thousand dollars in the treasury, with no outstanding indebtedness. He is also identified with other fraternal societies, being a member of Port Townsend Lodge of Elks, No. 37 ; Samaritan Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Spokane; the Foresters of America; Court Royal Lodge; and the Improved Order of Red Men, of which he is a past sachem. In democratic circles Mr. Smith is also a man of considerable influence, whose opin ions carry weight in the councils of the party and while he has never been a can didate for office since coming to Spokane, he has taken an active and helpful part in campaigns. In 1900, Mr. Smith was married to Miss Luella Goff, a daughter of W. C. Goff, of Waverly. Her parents were among the oldest pioneers of the Spokane country and Mrs. Smith was one of the first white children born in this district. She died very suddenly, April 14, 1909, leaving two children, Del Cary and Donald Goff. On the 17th of August, 1910, Mr. Smith was again married, his second union being with Rozella Dennie, a daughter of Richard R. Dennie, of this city, and they now reside at No. 723 Augusta avenue. Such in brief is the history of Del Cary Smith, who throughout his whole life whatsoever his hand finds to do, whether in his profession or in his official duties, or in any other sphere, he has done with his might and with a deep sense of conscientious obliga tion. FLOYD LEROY STOTLER. Floyd Leroy Stotler, a member of the legal firm of Pattison, Stotler & Pattison, of Colfax, was born in Eldorado, Kansas, on the 6th of May, 1886. His parents are Floyd and Anna (Cresap) Stotler, the father a native of Maryland and the mother of West Virginia, while the paternal grandfather was Morgan Stotler. In the maternal line he is descended from one of the old southern colonial families, the Cresaps having been prominent in the south at the time of the Revolution. When Floyd Leroy Stotler was a babe of one year his parents returned to Maryland, in the public schools of which state and those of West Virginia he was educated. In 1905, at the age of nineteen years he came west, locating in Port land, Oregon. He had already decided to adopt the legal profession for his life vocation so entered the office of A. King Wilson of that city and there read law until 1906. From there he came to Washington and took a position as telegraph operator, devoting his spare hours to the study of law. The next year, in 1907, 462 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE he went to Tekoa, this state, and entered the office of J. D. McMannis and J. P. Burson, where he continued his legal studies and at the same time pursued a correspondence course for two years. At the expiration of that period he re moved to Colfax, spending a few months in the office of R. L. McCroskey of this city. In 1909 he was admitted to the bar and immediately thereafter returned to Tekoa, where he engaged in practice until 1910, when he again came to Col fax. In the December after his return he became a member of the firm of Pattison, Stotler & Pattison with which he continues to be identified. During the period of his residence here Mr. Stotler has made a very favorable impres sion in the community both professionally and socially and is succeeding in building up a very satisfactory practice. He has been called to public office and at the present time is discharging the duties of deputy prosecuting attorney. In matters politic, Mr. Stotler has ever given his allegiance to the democratic party and takes an active and helpful interest in all municipal affairs. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and of the Colfax Commercial Club. Public- spirited and progressive in matters of citizenship he always gives his indorse ment and cooperation to every movement inaugurated for the advancement of the community or the development of municipal enterprises. FRED CUSTER PUGH. Fred Custer Pugh, former prosecuting attorney of Spokane and an active prac titioner at the bar, was born at Halsey, Oregon, December 18, 1876, a son of Felix Marion and Frances (Taylor) Pugh. His father, a farmer by occupation, was born in the Willamette valley in 1854 and was a son of Francis Asbury Pugh, who made the long journey across the plains from Iowa in 1847 and took up his abode in the Sunset state. Felix M. Pugh continued to reside in Oregon until 1 878, when he brought his family to eastern Washington, locating first at Dayton, where he conducted a drug store for about two years. On the expiration of that period he came to Spokane and settled in the valley at what is known as the Saltese Lake, where they now live. Mr. and Mrs. F. M. Pugh were parents of four children: Fred C, of this review; John Taylor, who passed away in 1904; and Gladys and Ruth, both at home. Brought to Washington when but two years of age, Fred Custer Pugh has practically spent his entire life within its borders. His general education was acquired in the public schools of Spokane and in 1897 he was graduated from the high school. He then attended the University of Michigan for two years, after which he returned to this state and studied law in the offices of the firm of Vorhees & Vorhees, his preceptor being the late Charles S. Vorhees, who carefully directed his reading until his admission to the bar in 1901. He continued with the firm as assistant in their law work until 1904, thus gaining much valuable and practical experience. In that year he was appointed to the position of assistant prosecuting attorney under the late R. M. Barnhart and occupied that office until 1909, when he was elected prosecuting attorney on the republican ticket, filling the office for a term of two years. In 1910 he was the unsuccessful candidate for that position SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 463 and after his retirement from office entered at once upon the private practice of law, in which he is making continuous advancement. Mr. Pugh has an attractive home at Greenacres, which he erected in the year 1910. Here lives his little family, consisting of wife and two children. He was married on the 1st of September, 1904, at Denver, Colorado, to Sybil Ragsdale, a daughter of Amos D. Ragsdale, of that city, and their two sons are Fred Custer and John Stanley. Mr. Pugh has pleasant relations with several fraternal organizations-, belonging to Iroquois Lodge, No. 77, I. O. R. M., the Fraternal Order of Eagles and the Woodmen of the World. He has always lived in the northwest, has been an interested witness of the rapid changes and develop ment that have occurred here and is ever willing to accord aid and cooperation to movements promoting the general welfare. CHARLES A. GRAM. Charles A. Gram, who> has for a number of years been an active member of the bar, practicing for the past four years in Spokane, and previously in North Dakota, possesses the spirit of enterprise which is characteristic of the northwest and this quality has been the source of advancement which has brought him from the position of farmer boy to the place which he now occupies in business circles. He was born in Toronto, Canada, August 26, 1869, the only son of Jacob and Jane (Lundy) Gram. The father came of Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry, who settled in Pennsylvania about the time that William Penn founded the colony. The grandfather was one of the first settlers on the shores of Lake Ontario on the present site of the city of Toronto, and it was there that the father, Jacob Gram, was born. The family were closely identified with the district during its pioneer development and Jacob Gram ever remained prominent in his home com munity and was called to a number of positions of public trust and responsibility. He died in 1891. His wife died December 15, 1911. She came of a family of Scotch-Irish lineage, her more immediate ancestors, however, being pioneers of Canada, and the famous battle of Lundy's Lane of the War of 1812 was fought on the farm belonging to her ancestors. By her marriage Mrs. Gram had four children, her three daughters being: Mrs. D. F. Rae, the wife of Dr. Rae, of Moscow, Idaho; Mrs. Henry Stong, of Pasadena, California; and Mrs. Frank M. King, of Pembina, North Dakota. After attending the common schools of Ontario, Charles A. Gram became a pupil in the University of North Dakota, where for two years he pursued a special course. As a boy he worked on his father's wheat farm in North Dakota and for two years engaged in teaching school before winning his university course. He afterward studied law with Captain Robert J. Mitchell, who had been a classmate of President James A. Garfield. In 1894 Mr. Gram was admitted to the bar in North Dakota and then formed a partnership with Captain Mitchell, with whom he practiced for four years at Sheldon, that state. He was afterward alone in the practice of law at Sheldon until 1900, when he was elected judge of the county court of Ransom county and remained upon the bench for six years, rendering judicial decisions which were strictly fair and impartial. In 1908 he came to 464 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Spokane, where he has since engaged in the practice of law. In the meantime, however, he had had some experience in the field of real estate, for after the completion of his term as judge Mr. Gram had become a member of the law and real-estate firm of Gram & Hull. They are still related in their business connec tion, Mr. Hull conducting the interests of the firm in North Dakota and Mr. Gram at Spokane. Their business includes both law and investments. Mr. Gram is also interested in the Liberty Lakes Orchard Company, of which he is president, and is also president of the Chinook Land Products Company, a company holding a large tract of timberland in British Columbia. He has recently become interested in the Interstate Manufacturing Company, Inc., of which he is the president and which is engaged in the manufacture of electric screens and appliances and is now doing a business which places it well upon the road to success. He is likewise the secretary and treasurer of the Best Chance Mining Company, an incorporated company owning property in the Coeur d'Alenes, which is now under development. In his political views Mr. Gram has always been a republican and was very active in political work in North Dakota, serving as a delegate to both county and state conventions for over ten years, and also acting as a member of both county and state central committees. He still votes with the party but is not an active worker in its ranks at the present time. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained high rank, having become a member of the consistory and shrine in Fargo, North Dakota, while at the present time he is connected with the consistory and shrine at Spokane. In Masonic work while in North Dakota, both he and his wife were prominent in the Eastern Star, he serving as patron of the local chapter and as grand patron of the grand chapter, while his wife was secre tary of Sheldon Chapter for a number of years, or until their removal to Spokane. Mr. Gram also belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and to the Maccabees and was connected with the Yeomen in North Dakota. He belongs to the Inland Club of Spokane and to the Chamber of Commerce and attends the Methodist church. His activities are varied, touching the general interests of society and in every connection his labors are actuated by a spirit of advancement and progress which makes his work of worth in the communitv. VOLNEY D. WILLIAMSON. What a story of thrilling interest would the life history of Volney D. William son be if written in detail, for he has been a pioneer in various sections of the coun try and has been among the first on the ground in many of the famous American mining camps. Moreover, he has contributed largely to the development of the mineral resources of the country, has been interested in Alaskan expeditions, in railroad building and real-estate operations. He was born in Oakland, Oregon, July 27, 1865, and is a son of Sol Williamson, for whom Williamson river of Oregon was named. His father was a native of Ohio and of English descent. He made the long journey across the plains in 1847, taking up a tract of land where the city of Portland now stands. He traded this claim for a yoke of oxen and in 1848 went to California. The following year, however, he returned to Oakland, Oregon, where he settled on a large tract of land. He was known throughout the district Y. D. WILLIAMSON SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 467 as the father of that part of the country, was consulted by the old pioneers concern ing their property and investments and by his wise counsel and substantial aid as sisted many of the new settlers who came to establish homes on the frontier. At that time it was necessary to haul all goods by team from Portland, Oregon. Mr. Wil liamson was well-to-do and when his old friends crossed the plains he was always ready with money and teams to assist them. His neighbors were Indians, and an old Indian scout known as Billy slept on his hearth for several years. He fre quently notified Williamson of the approach of Indians who were on a raid and he could then retreat about a mile from his house, there remaining in hiding during the time the Indians were in the neighborhood. He was a lover of fine stock and by a tragic coincidence his death was caused by a kick in the breast by one of his favorite horses, in 1868, when he was forty- four years of age. He had contributed largely to the upbuilding, settlement and improvement of Oregon and his name is honored as one of its pioneer residents. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Adeline Reed, was a native of Indiana, her family tracing their ancestry back to the time when as members of the William Penn colony they settled in Pennsylvania. Mrs. Williamson died in 1878. In the family were three sons and three daughters, the brothers of Volney D. Williamson being W. H., a resident of Idaho, and F. A., of Spokane. His sisters were: Sarah J., who is the widow of S. J. Nelson, of this city; and Mary and Estella, who are both deceased. Volney D. Williamson pursued his education in the public schools and a busi ness college of Portland, Oregon, and on leaving that state in 1878 came to Walla Walla, driving a team across the country. In 1879 he passed through Spokane and the Palouse country and returned to Sprague, where he was engaged in general merchandising until 1883. In the spring of that year he grubstaked a claim in connection with a Mr. Holmes and his brother F. A. Williamson and they were the first in the Coeur d'Alenes, except a man of the name of Pritchard, who staked the "Widow" claim, while they had the adjoining property, called the "Last Chance." In the fall of 1883 Mr. Williamson made a trip to the Coeur d'Alenes by way of Her- ron's Siding and came out the same fall, although he returned the following year. From Murray, Idaho, he went to Canyon Creek, where he assisted in laying out the town of Burke. He was afterward in Wallace and operated in the Kootenai Lake and Slocan country and was interested in the purchase and sale of the War Eagle, for which seven hundred thousand dollars was paid, the Center Star, which brought two million dollars, and the Crown Point, which sold for two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. He was also interested in the Spokane and several other large mining properties, all of which are now being successfully worked. He next operated in Republic and was interested in the purchase and sale of the Republic mines, the San Poil, Black Tail and several others, all of which are now being worked and are turning out rich ore. During all this time Mr. Williamson made his headquarters in Spokane. He traveled, however, for five years' and made a trip around the world. During the '90s he made his headquarters in New York for eight years. He turned his at tention to the mineral resources of Mexico, where he operated in connection with Victor M. Clement, and he was also interested to a small extent in South African properties while Mr. Clement was in that district. He became interested to a small degree in Coolgardie, Australia. He also owned the Treasure Box in Coeur d'Alene, from which in hand mortars and arrastres they took out from two hundred to VOL. 1H— 24 468 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE four thousand dollars per day, securing seventy-seven thousand dollars in two months. Mr. Williamson was also, while working the old Santa Rosa mine in Mexico, the discoverer of the first turquoise mine of that country. In 1908 Mr. Williamson returned to Spokane. He was connected during the early stages of its building with the Oregon Trunk Railway but eventually sold out to J. J. Hill. He has been a property owner in Spokane since 1886 and has always called this city his home. He owns mining interests in Mexico with the English Exploration Company of London and still retains small interests in the Coeur d'Alenes. He was interested in an expedition into Alaska during the early period of the excitement there and was connected with the early operations of the Crow's Nest Coal Company in British Columbia, of which he is still a stockholder. He has large investments in land in Oregon and is interested in several towns of that state, including Madras, Redmond, Metolius and Lakeview. He is now president of the Inland Empire Company ; president of the Williamson Investment Company, a corporation; president of the State Bank at Metolius, Oregon; president of the Santa Rosa de Mazipil Mining Company, the Santa Rosa Development Company and was vice president of the International Metals Company of Mexico but recently resigned. Mr. Williamson was united in marriage to Miss Mabel C. Cotter, of Denver, Colorado, in 1905, a daughter of J. Lambert Cotter. Mr. Williamson holds mem bership in the Episcopal church and is connected with several fraternities and leading clubs. He is a life member of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He belongs to the Spokane Club, the Spokane Country Club, the Engineers Club of New York and was one of the committee which secured half a million dollars from Andrew Carnegie for the pur pose of building the Engineers Club. He is likewise a member of the Arlington Club of Portland and of the Coeur d'Alene Boat Club. Few men could speak so largely from practical experience of the west and its history, especially in connection with its mining interests. Mr. Williamson has made an excellent record in his business career, accomplishing what he has under taken, his sound judgment precluding the possibility of many false moves. He is today one of Spokane's wealthiest citizens and is honored and respected by all who are familiar with his life work. OLAF L. OLSEN. Olaf L. Olsen, secretary of the Arcadia Orchard Company with offices at Sprague and Howard streets, is among Spokane's younger business men that Norway has furnished to this city. He has the industry, perseverance and determination char acteristic of his race and these qualities are always essential elements in the attain ment of success. He was born in Norway, February 1, 1880, a son of Louis and Hannah Olsen, who came to America in 1886, "first settling near Fargo, North Dakota. The following year a removal was made to Spokane, where for a time the father was employed as foreman in the Brickell sawmill. In 1889 the family removed to Deer Park, where Louis Olsen took up a homestead claim upon which he has since resided. Olaf L. Olsen was but six years of age when the voyage across the Atlantic was made. In the public and high schools of this city he largely pursued his educa- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 469 tion and after putting aside his text-books entered the employ of the Spokane Falls & Northern Railway as traveling agent, continuing with that corporation for three years. Desirous, however, that his labors should more directly benefit himself, he embarked in business on his own account in 1906, organizing the Olsen Mercantile Company of Deer Park, of which he acted as president and manager for three years, when he sold out to his father in order to become secretary and treasurer of the Arcadia Orchard Company in 1909. This is the largest irrigated land proposition of its kind in the world, the company having under irrigation over seventeen thousand acres. The business of developing this mammoth enterprise has required keen sagacity, well formulated plans and unfaltering discrimination, and in the possession of these qualities Olaf L. Olsen has contributed in substantial measure to the progress of the project which is not only a source of individual income but also a factor in the general prosperity and upbuilding of the district. He is also the vice president and treasurer of the Olsen-Robinson Company of Deer Park, which took over the business which was formerly operated under the name of the Olsen Mercantile Company, and which was repurchased from his father. He is likewise a director of the First State Bank of Deer Park. On the 12th of August, 1903, Mr. Olsen was united in marriage to Miss Libbie M. Neaville, a daughter of John A. and Myra (Goodrich) Neaville, of Spokane. They have two children, Howard M. and John Lewis. Mr. Olsen holds member ship in Deer Park Lodge, No. 134, F. & A. M., and in Deer Park Lodge, No. 185, I. O. O. F. He has passed through all of the chairs of the latter and is a member of the grand lodge. He also belongs to the Inland Club of Spokane, the Rocky Mountain Club of New York city and the Congregational church of Deer Park. His interests are wide and varied and keep him in touch with the world's progress. While yet a young man, he deserves classification among those who are acting as the upbuilders of the Inland Empire for he is now closely associated with a pro ject, the immensity of which places it among the foremost undertakings for the development and reclamation of this section of the country. His insight enables him to recognize chances which others pass heedlessly by and he never fears to venture where favoring opportunity points the way. THOMAS A. E. LALLY. Thomas A. E. Lally, one of the most brilliant and accomplished young attorneys practicing in Spokane, with offices in the Old National Bank building, was born at Vail, Iowa, and is a son of Patrick E. C. and Kittie (Hughes) Lally, of that place. The father is a prominent lawyer now living in Denison, Iowa. The son pursued his education in the public schools of Denison and in the Notre Dame University at Notre Dame, Indiana, where he was graduated with the degree of Ph. B. in 1906. He supplemented his more specifically literary course by study in the Harvard Law School at Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was graduated with the degree of LL. B. in 1909. In the fall of the same year he came to Spokane, where he entered upon the practice of law and in September, 1910, on the organi zation of the firm of Canon, Ferris, Swan & Lally, he became one of the partners. 470 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE In October, 1911, the partnership was dissolved and since that time he has practiced alone. Mr. Lally is also director, general counsel and treasurer of the New World Life Insurance Company. He is accorded a liberal clientage in general practice and is counsel for many of the large corporations. His practice, which is of a most important character, places him in a prominent position in the legal profes sion of the city. He belongs to the Knights of Columbus and to the Inland Club but is not actively interested in politics. J. E. McGOVERN. J. E. McGovern, who became actively identified with the business interests of Wilbur seven years ago when he established an insurance and real-estate office here, is connected with a number of local enterprises, one of which is the McGovern & Harris Drug Company. He owns one-half of the stock in this concern, and is realizing good dividends on the investment as it is one of the .thriving commercial activities of the town and is rapidly developing. H. W. RICH. A review of the life of H. W. Rich is the record of one who has attained dis tinguished honors in connection with the land law cases of the northwest, having been successful in the trial of the most important cases of that kind ever held in this section of the country. His ability has developed through close study and the careful preparation of each individual case he has handled. Mr. Rich was born in San Jose, California, May 22, 1873. His father, Harri son Rich, and his grandfather, James Rich, are still residents of that state, the latter now living in Ukiah at the remarkable old age of one hundred and two years. His father was a representative of an old English family that came to America from the north of England and settled in New York in 1700. Afterward a re moval was made by members of the family to Springfield, Illinois, and James Rich left that place to come across the plains in 1848 with his family, being one of the first of the early gold seekers. He continued his identification with mining inter ests until 1861, when he turned his attention to the stock business, in which his son Harrison succeeded him. The latter was born in Sacramento, California, in September, 1848, soon after the arrival of his parents on the Pacific coast, and he is one of the oldest of the native white residents of that state. Few indeed were the residents of Sacramento valley at the time of the arrival of the familv. There James Rich took up his abode and afterward went to San Francisco, settling there before the establishment of the present town. He served as one of the vigilant com mittee of San Francisco in the old days when it was necessary for men of worth to bind themselves together and summarily execute the laws in order to check the great reign of crime and lawlessness then extant. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 471 Harrison Rich was united in marriage to Jenetta McCoy, who was born at Millville, Shasta county, California, and was a daughter of James McCoy, a '49er who died when Jenetta was a little child. The McCoys came from Scotland right after the Revolutionary war, were early residents of Illinois and afterward pioneers of California. Mr. and Mrs. Harrison Rich are now residents of Jolon, that state. Their son, Henry Leland, is engaged in the stock business in Monterey county, California. Their three daughters are: Victoria, residing at Gilroy, Santa Clara county, California, where she is engaged in the automobile business; Lydia, the wife of Edward Sands, a lumberman of Monterey county, that state; and Flos sie, who makes her home in Sacramento. The other member of the family is H. W. Rich, whose name introduces this review. He supplemented his high-school course, pursued at Santa Cruz, Cali fornia, by study in the Standford University, becoming a pupil in the law depart ment. He afterward studied law with John H. Leonard, of Santa Cruz, and with Carl A. Lindsay, of San Francisco, and was admitted to practice at the bar of California in 1905. He then opened an office in San Francisco, continuing alone in general practice until December, 1908, when he came to Spokane. He had already won recognition as an able and resourceful lawyer of wide knowledge and com prehensive familiarity with the principles of jurisprudence. He was called to this city to take up the Marble creek cases against the state of Idaho and the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, involving approximately one hundred settlers and sixteen thousand acres of land. He successfully prosecuted these cases before the department of the interior and on the 2d of March, 1910, the state of Idaho decided to show cause why the Marble creek cases should not be opened with a view to determining the validity of the case used by the state for the selections of the lands in con troversy. On the 16th of June the state made its appearance before the depart ment of the interior, at which time Mr. Rich appeared and protested the case of the settlers, a final decision being rendered December 2, 1910, in favor of the settlers and against the state of Idaho. It was one of the largest land cases ever tried in the northwest and the amount actually involved was nine million dollars. It would have been a signal victory for any lawyer and was especially so for one as young as Mr. Rich. He took the cases in hand and carried them to a success ful conclusion when it looked like a lost case, and when other attorneys had re fused to conduct the litigation. These settlers are not perfecting their titles to the land and the government has set aside four townships as lieu land selections to take the place of the land lost. On the 16th of June, 1910, while in Washington, D. C, Mr. Rich assisted Senator Poindexter in preparing house resolution No. 807 for the investigation of land frauds in Idaho. It is thought that this house resolution had a great deal of weight with the department of the interior and caused immediate investigation, It was the cause of the releasing of the Marble creek lands. During the last four or five years of his practice Mr. Rich has specialized in government land matters and today is the largest practitioner in the department of land law in the north west. His opinions have come to be accepted as authority upon such questions and his work has shown him notably strong in this field. On the 9th of September, 1905, Mr. Rich was united in marriage to Miss Adeline De Martine, a daughter of Joseph De Martine, a California pioneer from 472 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE New York. They have already gained enviable social recognition during the brief period of their residence in Spokane. Mr. Rich is a republican and was active in Senator Poindexter's election. He has been delegate to both county and state conventions in San Francisco county, California, but has never desired nor held public office. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is actively and helpfully interested in its projects and in all the improvements which elicit the attention and aid of public-spirited citizens. DUNCAN J. MacGILLIVRAY. The term a "self-made" man is perhaps trite but is also expressive and in its best sense it finds exemplification in the life of Duncan J. MacGillivray, who, start ing out in life with only the asset of a common-school education, has won for him self a creditable name and place in business circles, now operating largely in real estate in the northwest with offices in Spokane. He was born in Ontario, Canada, February 5, 1866, and is a son of Duncan A. and Mary (MacLellan) MacGillivray. The father was born in Canada, representing an old Scotch family whose genealogy is traced back to 1251. They were one of the leading clans of Scotland and won fame on the battlefield of Culloden. In many other connections the name figures prominently as representatives of the family took active part in defending the in terests of the country or in upholding the name and honor of the clan. Duncan A. MacGillivray became a pioneer farmer and lumberman of Canada, being actively connected with the lumber business on the Ottawa river for a number of years. He also held different offices and positions of public trust in Canada. He died in 1902. His wife, who was born in Ontario, died in 1 892. She represented one of the early families of Canada of Scotch lineage. Mr. and Mrs. Duncan A. MacGillivray were parents of four sons and three daughters. Andrew residing at Ottawa, Canada. Dan, who is engaged in the lumber business in Wisconsin. Duncan J. and Ken neth who was drowned in the Ottawa river in 1888. The daughters, Christy Ann and Mary died in childhood. Adeline, now Mrs. Maclntyre, resides in Mon treal, Canada. Mr. MacGillivray's connection with the northwest dates from the fall of 1897 when he arrived in Lewiston, Idaho. The following year he embarked in business there as a dealer in furniture and house furnishings. He began with a small store and stock, but such was his energy and capable management that when he sold out in 1909 he was the foremost representative of this line of trade in that state. He had improved and enlarged his establishment until it was the best furniture store in Idaho and his success was known throughout the northwest. While he won suc cess in his commercial undertaking he also found time and opportunity to cooperate in movements for the general good, taking an active part in the upbuilding of the community, serving for eight years as a director of the Chamber of Commerce and as its president during the last year of his residence there. He also served as a di rector of the fair association for six years and then as president for one year, tak ing part in all of the projects for its development, giving largely of his time, energy and money in promoting the interests of the community. DUNCAN J. MACGILLIVRAY" SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 475 In the spring of 1910 Mr. MacGillivray came to Spokane, where he has since engaged in the real-estate business, buying and selling property for himself and others. He is connected and represents, in the northwest, several of the largest Canadian companies, who are promoting and developing the unlimited resources of western Canada, especially British Columbia. He believes and is enthusiastic about the future of the Inland Empire and since coming to this city, has invested heavily in Spokane real estate. He is thoroughly acquainted with real-estate values in the northwest and the outlook of the real-estate market, and the spirit of progressive- ness which he brings to his business is contributing not only to his individual suc cess but also to the development of this section of the country. On the 26th of December, 1900, at Spokane, Mr. MacGillivray was married to Miss Schaeffer, who was a daughter of an Iowa merchant, now deceased, and is a descendant of Captain Wadsworth's family. They have become parents of three children, Marion, Duncan John, Jr., and John Duncan, the eldest being nine years of age. The family attend the Presbyterian church and Mr. MacGillivray is iden tified with various fraternal organizations, being now a chapter Mason, (his member ship in lodge and chapter being in Wisconsin), and a Knight Templar of Lewiston Commandery. He is also connected with the Elks lodge and belongs likewise to the Woodmen of the World. In politics he is connected with the progressive wing of the Republican party but has declined all political advancement, preferring that his public service shall be done as a private citizen and in cooperation with the Chamber of Commerce. He stands today a strong man — strong in his honor and his good name, strong in his ability to plan and perform, and is regarded as one of the influential residents of Spokane. WALTER H. WISCOMBE. The word of Walter H. Wiscombe concerning the history of Spokane may largely be accepted as authority because he has witnessed the greater part of the growth and development of the city and in a number of instances has been a very important factor in its progress and upbuilding. He laid the first rails for street car service here, has been a leading factor in the business activity and in public office has given practical and tangible demonstration of his loyalty and patriotic spirit. Mr. Wiscombe is a native of England, his birth having occurred in Dorset shire, on the 24th of September, 1843. His parents were William and Mary Wis combe, who were also natives of England, in which country the mother passed away in 1847. Emigrating to America, the father became a farmer of Kansas and ultimately estabHshed his home in Spokane, where his death afterward oc curred. A brother and a sister of Walter H. Wiscombe are still living, the former, Harry, being now a resident farmer of Kansas, in which state another brother passed away. The sister, Jane, is the wife of Harker English, who follows agri cultural pursuits in the Sunflower state. Walter H. Wiscornbe was a lad of eight years at the time the family sailed from England for the new world and his education was, therefore, largely acquired in the schools of Kansas. He was but eighteen years of age at the time of the 476 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE outbreak of the Civil war, and soon afterward he enlisted for service with the Union army, joining Company M, of the Eleventh Kansas Cavalry. He was wounded in the battle of Little Blue, Missouri, at the time General Price was undertaking to raid Kansas, in the fall of 1864. He served with the western army in the battles of Lexington, Missouri, and Little Rock and remained in active duty until honorably discharged by reason of the expiration of his term of enlistment. Mr. Wiscombe then returned to his father's farm and assisted in its further development and cultivation until 1870, when he established a home of his own in his marriage, on the 23d of February of that year, to Miss Jennie Jolly, a daughter of John Jolly, a farmer of Kansas, who was previously a Methodist minister and belonged to an old southern family. Mr. and Mrs. Wiscombe have two sons : William Fred, who is now married and is a member of the United States army, serving for four years as post master and now stationed at Philadelphia; and William C, who for the past four years has been employed in the collection department of the Washington Water Power Company. Following his marriage Mr. Wiscombe purchased a farm in Kansas but after two years disposed of that property and went to Sonoma county, California. There he engaged in the grocery business for four years and on the 22d of May, 1879, came to Spokane. The settlement here was small but gave indications of rapid growth and Mr. Wiscombe began work at the carpenter's trade, which he fol lowed as a contractor and builder for twenty years. He erected the first planing mill ever built in Spokane and his wife established the first millinery store of the city. He also built the first street railway and laid the first iron rails ever put down here, beginning the work on Hemlock street in Browne's addition and extending to WaH street, then known as Mill street. This was a horse car line, standard gauge, the franchise being owned by J. J. Browne, A. M. Cannon and A. J. Ross, while Mr. Wiscombe was superintendent in full charge. In a number of local offices Mr. Wiscombe has proven his worth and abil ity. The first office to which he was called was that of member of the first board of public works under Mayor Fotheringham. In the fall of 1891 he was elected city treasurer on the republican ticket, retiring at the end of the term but was re elected a year later — in 1893. The first year he put up a seven hundred and fifty thousand dollar bond, the largest personal bond ever given by an individual in Spokane up to that time. This was during the great reconstruction period follow ing the fire. Following his retirement from the treasurer's office he was appointed a member of the board of public works by Mayor Belt and served in that capacity for three years. He next went to Marshall, where he purchased the Marshall Flour Mill, which he owned for several years, selling out about 1899. He then turned his attention to the feed business, in which he was engaged, entering that field of trade in connection with W. E. Pierce under the firm name of Pierce & Wiscombe. Later he was a partner in the firm of P. Morrison & Company. His attention is now confined solely to a wholesale hay and grain business and during the past eight years he has limited his operations exclusively to the coast, finding a ready market on the seaboard for all that he handles. In earlier days he was a director of the Exchange National Bank when it was organized, taking ten thou sand dollars worth of stock in the bank. Mr. Wiscombe has always given his political allegiance to the republican party and has attended nearly all the city, county and state conventions during his resi- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 477 dence in Spokane. He has also served as a member of the city and county central committees and was formerly very actively interested in politics. For forty years he has been a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, has held every state office within its gift and is now a retired department commander of Washington, having retired at Wenatchee in June, 1911. He also belongs to the Masonic fra ternity, holding membership in Spokane Lodge, No. 34, F. & A. M.; Cataract Com mandery, No. 3, K. T. ; and El Katif Temple of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. In the blue lodge he has held several of the offices. He likewise belongs to the Ancient Order of United Workmen, in which he has filled all of the chairs, including that of master workman. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Order of the Eastern Star, of which Mrs. Wiscombe is a past matron and an active worker. Mr. Wiscombe belongs to the Pioneer Society of Spokane and both he and his wife are numbered among the early and honored residents of the city, the growth and development of which they have witnessed almost from the period of its earliest inception. Their acquaintance is wide, their friends are many and the part which they have taken in the upbuilding of the city entitles them to more than passing recognition. CHARLES H. ARNOLD. Charles H. Arnold, who is residing on his ranch near Loon Lake, Washington, was born in Augusta, Maine, on the 25th of December, 1847, his parents being John and Alameda (Butts) Arnold, the former of whom passed away in 1881 and the latter in 1900. The father was a prominent citizen of Augusta, Maine, and was affiliated with the First Republican Club when James G. Blaine was one of the foremost statesmen of the United States. Charles H. Arnold acquired his education in the common schools of Augusta and subsequently attended the Dirego Business College until he was seventeen years of age, when he served in Company E, Fourteenth Maine Volunteers. He was mustered out at Darien, Georgia, on September 15, 1865. At that time he removed to Fort Benton, Montana, and accepted employment with the North west Fur Company. After a short time he gave up this position and for the fol lowing year was engaged in mining in that state, after which he removed to Colorado and started a trading post with the Ute Indians on Bear river, near Elkhead. He remained in that locality until 1873, when he went over into Ne vada and for a year was employed in the mines of that state before he went far ther west to California, where he worked on a railroad until 1879. In that year he came to the state of Washington and was employed by Sprague & Fairweather, merchants of Ainsworth, for whom he had charge of the commissaries in various railroad construction camps. He remained in this position until the Northern Pacific Railway was completed as far as Cheney, when he took up the handling of freight from Cheney to Spokane and transported the Spokane Chronicle into Spokane and also the dynamite that was used for the Northern Pacific. This latter was an undertaking which called for considerable pluck, and many others had previously refused to do it. About this time he took up a preemption claim on the Little Spokane river and after having proved it up disposed of it and re- 478 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE moved to Loon Lake, where he purchased a half section of railroad land, which he still owns. In addition to his property holdings for personal cultivation he also has a one-fourth interest in the Loon Lake Improvement Company, of which he is vice president. On September 13, 1880, Mr. Arnold was married to Miss Laura E. Dyer, of Spokane FaUs, and they are the parents of four children : John H. ; Charles F. ; Ralph R., who married Gertrude Smith; and Earl Edwin. In politics Mr. Arnold gives his support to the democratic party. He was the first postmaster of Loon Lake and because of his interest in the educational development of the district served as school director for many years. Because of personal prejudices and beliefs he does not hold membership in secret societies or social organizations. He is justly accorded a place among the prominent representative citizens of Loon Lake, for he belongs to that class of men whose enterprising spirit is used not only for their own benefit but also for the general good and public prosperity. GRENVILLE HOLBROOK. In the later years of his life Grenville Holbrook was a resident of Spokane and prior to 1899 was well known in the Inland Empire because of his active operations in real estate and in banking, in which connections he bore an untar nished reputation, his business ability and sagacity being supplemented by un assailable integrity. In the year 1863 his parents, Jesse and Mary Ann (Hol brook) Holbrook, crossed the plains from Kentucky, their son GrenviUe being at that time a youth of thirteen years. The other member of the family was a second son, Glidden Holbrook, then eleven years of age, who afterward foUowed his older brother to Whitman county and was drowned in Clearwater river while on a prospecting trip in 1894. While enroute for the northwest the family were stricken with smallpox, the grandmother becoming totally blind as a result of the disease. She is still living, making her home near Vancouver, Washington. The father, Jesse Holbrook, passed away in 1891. The family residence was first established on a farm near Vancouver, Wash ington, but when nineteen years of age Grenville Holbrook went to Walla Walla and was employed by former United States Senator Ankeny. In 1870 he re moved to Whitman county and engaged in sheep-raising on what is known as Union Flats, following that pursuit for a number of years. He. sold out for about twenty thousand dollars and the money was all paid over in cash, the transaction taking place in the open right under the trees on the ranch. In 1880 he estab lished his home at Colfax and two years later formed a partnership with Alfred Coolidge for the establishment of the Second National Bank of Colfax, of which he continued as a director for a number of years. The other incorporators were Messrs. Bragg, Holbrook, Wade and McClaine, the last named now the president of the Traders National Bank of Spokane. After the bank was opened and the business placed upon a substantial basis, Mr. Holbrook turned his attention to still other interests, purchasing the H. H. Warner mill of Colfax, which he op erated for a time and then sold. He removed to Garfield, Whitman county, in 1884, and with Mr. Coolidge organized the Bank of Garfield, of which the latter GRENVILLE HOLBROOK SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 481 became president while Mr. Holbrook accepted the position of vice president. Moreover, they dealt extensively in real estate, having secured some three thou sand acres of land, and in this undertaking they were also associated with the Hon. J. C. Lawrence. At length their land was placed upon the market and sold and the year 1897 witnessed their extensive operations in the Republic mining camp. From 1899 until 1903 Mr. Holbrook made his home in Spokane but in his later years traveled quite largely, making several trips to Mexico where on one occasion he was received by President Diaz. He was heavily interested in the first sugar refinery that was ever built in Mexico and that his investments were always judiciously made is indicated by the success which ultimately crowned his labors, bringing him to a creditable position in the ranks of those whose labors won for them a fortune. He was the founder of Kendrick, Idaho, and there con tracted to build the railroad and bought the right-of-way through several towns for the Northern Pacific. On the 12th of April, 1874, in Colfax, Mr. Holbrook was married to Miss Le- titia Ensley, who .died there February 8, 1879, and was the first person buried in Johnson cemetery just outside of Colfax. Her parents had been the first to bring stock to Whitman county. Mr. and Mrs. Holbrook had two children: George E., now living in Spokane; and Elizabeth Grace, the wife of Ralph B. Sells, of this city. In 1889 Mr. Holbrook married Miss Jessie Ward of Vancouver, Washington, and to them were born three children: Myrtle, who married Allen E. Ranson, an electrical engineer, and they now reside in Seattle; Noah N.; and Earl. Mr. Holbrook always voted with the democratic party and was prominent as one of its counselors but never sought the rewards of office in recognition of party fealty. His name certainly deserves a place upon the pages of Washington's his tory as one, whose residence in the state dates from 1863 and who was, moreover, a pioneer of the Inland Empire. He died on May 6, 1909, and was laid to rest in Greenwood cemetery. He not only saw an opportunity for establishing good business enterprises but utilized such opportunities for the benefit of the public as well as for himself. He sustained an enviable reputation in business circles, his enterprise and reliability commanding him uniform confidence and high regard. HON. WARREN W. TOLMAN. The work of Hon. Warren W. Tolman in connection with securing the passage of the railroad commission bill would alone entitle him to representation in this volume as a citizen whose labors have been of direct and substantial benefit to Spokane and the state. In other connections, however, he is almost equally well known and now enjoys a large clientage as an able attorney practicing before the Spokane bar. He was born in Kendall county, Illinois, December 7, 1861, his parents being Charles W. and Sarah (Haigh) Tolman, of that county. The father was a prosperous farmer of Illinois and, spending his youthful days in his parents' home, Warren W. Tolman was accorded the usual educational privileges of a farmer's son of that day. He pursued his early studies in the district schools and the high school in Aurora, Illinois, and afterward attended the Northwestern Uni versity of Chicago, where he obtained his legal education. He was graduated in 482 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 1887. after which he was admitted to the bar and at once entered upon the practice of law in Chicago, where he remained for about five years, or until 1892, when, thinking that a change of climate might prove beneficial to his wife's health, he eame to Spokane. In the intervening period, covering nearly twenty years, he has practiced his profession here and his ability as a lawyer is widely recognized. His professional standing is evidenced by a substantial practice which con tinues to grow from year to year, and is further manifest in the fact that, in 1906, without any effort or solicitation upon his part, and in fact, over his protest and in his absence, the democratic state convention nominated him for judge of the supreme court. He was not elected because his party was in the minority, but he led the whole democratic state ticket in the number of votes received in every quarter of the state and this too, after a campaign in which he never attended a meeting, solicited a vote, contributed a cent, or even left his office to take any part, and, in fact, he effaced himself entirely as far as the campaign was concerned and the vote came wholly without effort or solicitation on his part. That the democrats of the state did not feel that they were mistaken in making the nomination was evidenced four years later, when, in 1910, he was again made their nominee for the same office and also by the state convention of a non-partisan judiciary league. Again on election day he made a creditable showing. In 1900 Mr. Tolman was elected to the state senate from the old third sena torial district, overcoming what was considered a sure republican majority of con siderable magnitude and running many votes ahead of the democratic state and national ticket in the district. Almost from the beginning of the legislative session of 1901 he was the recognized floor leader of the minority in the state senate; in fact, was made chairman of the democratic caucus of both houses, chairman of the eastern Washington caucus of both parties and both houses and in many ways was singularly honored, not only by democrats but by republicans as well. When the legislature convened there had been no general agitation for a railroad commission law. In eastern Washington there was a strong sentiment for a maximum, freight law reducing the freight on wheat from eastern Washington to tide water. Upon studying the question as to what should be named as a maximum charge for haul ing wheat, Mr. Tolman became convinced that no member of the legislature, in a short session of sixty days, could determine what would be a just charge for such services. He, therefore, conceived the idea of a railroad commission. At the beginning of the session the republican leaders, led by Lieutenant Governor Mc Bride as president of the senate, also introduced a railroad commission bill which had various good features, but was indefensible from the standpoint of providing that the railroad commissions should be appointed by a board consisting of the governor, who was then a democrat, the lieutenant governor, and the state auditor, both of whom were republicans, or a majority of them; thus taking the appointive power away from the democratic governor and placing it in the hands of the lieutenant governor and the state auditor for political purposes. The democrats being in a minority, Mr. Tolman could not rally enough support for his bill to insure its passage. He, therefore, conducted an aggressive fight to amend the republican measure, known as the "Preston Bill," by striking out the offensive feature with reference to the appointment and substituting a provision vesting the power of appointment in the governor, where it belonged. His fight along those lines created a great deal of comment and newspaper discussion and met with SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 483 general approval throughout eastern Washington, from democrats and republicans alike, but for political reasons it failed of success. He then showed his good faith in the advocacy of a railroad commission by voting for the republican bill, rallying most of the democrats in the legislature to its support with the avowed purpose, if it became a law, of later procuring an amendment of the offensive section. However, the republican measure was defeated and Mr. Tolman's bill was brought on for consideration. Most of the republicans who had supported the Preston Bill rallied to the support of his bill, but unfortunately it was defeated by practically the same vote. Another matter of general public interest in the 1901 session in which Mr. Tolman took part and which won favorable comment from the press of Washington and neighboring states, was the legislative reapportionment act. At the beginning of the session the republicans introduced a bill for the apportionment of the state into legislative districts, which was a mere skeleton. From time to time thereafter they caucused until they agreed upon the details of the bill and signed up two- thirds of the legislators in both the senate and house to pass the bill, and to pass it over the governor's veto if necessary. The result of the republican caucus was presented to the state senate at the hour of convening one morning, with a report from the committee recommending that it be made a special order of business for thirty minutes later, and be considered until passed, to the exclusion of other business. Mr. Tolman took the floor in opposition to this committee report, although two-thirds of the senate, being the republican members, were pledged in writing to pass the bill. He succeeded by a straightforward appeal to their sense of fair play, in gaining twenty-four hours in which to prepare his points in opposition to the bill. The next day when it came on for final action he spoke from the time of convening at 10 o'clock in the morning until 4 o'clock in the afternoon, with only thirty minutes for luncheon and that, too, after the senate, about noon, brought in a rule forbidding further debate. He offered a minority report for the recom mitment of the bill to the committee; offered a substitute for the bill; and then, one by one, offered a hundred and thirty-six different amendments to the bill, each one of which was germane; and in private conversation by the opposition, his points were all admitted to be well taken. His fight on that occasion was so con ducted as to bring him the good will and admiration of his opponents, the con gratulations of most of those who witnessed it and favorable newspaper comment throughout the state. In the session of 1903 the fight for a railroad commission was renewed. Prior to this, Governor Rodgers (democrat) had died and had been succeeded by Gover nor McBride (republican). Therefore, at the opening of the next legislative ses sion there was no opposition on the part of the republicans to a railroad commis sion bill, which provided for the vesting of the appointive power in the governor. On the opening day of the session Mr. Tolman introduced the railroad commission bill and a bill providing for the reduction of rates on the Spokane Falls & Northern Railroad. These measures were referred to the railroad committee, of which he was made a member, and which finally made an adverse report. The bill was brought on for hearing in the senate and a long and exhaustive debate ensued, participated in by many men who have since become famous in the history of the state. As the author of the bill, as well as the recognized floor leader, not alone of the democratic party, but of the railroad commission forces, Mr. Tolman opened 484 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE and closed the debate. The bill was again defeated but the public sentiment which was aroused through these proceedings led to the passage of an almost identical bill in 1905. In the session of 1903 Mr. Tolman was nominated by his party for president of the senate and received the democratic vote. Many measures of importance were considered during that session, including what become known as the Anti- Gambling law. This measure had passed the house and was made a special order on the senate calendar for a day. Two hours before the time fixed for the hearing of this measure word was brought Mr. Tolman that the opposition to the bill had not succeeded in getting a sufficient financial contribution from the gambling in terests, and that they would endeavor to postpone the hearing for a week or more, in order to enable the gambling interests to raise a corruption fund to be used to defeat the bill. When the motion was made to postpone the hearing of the measure, Mr. Tolman raised the point of order that to change the regular . order of business required a two-thirds vote. The chair held with him and because those seeking to delay the hearing had not anticipated the point and, therefore, had not provided against it, they were unable to postpone the bill by the two-thirds vote and the matter came on for immediate hearing. The biU was passed and became a law and Mr. Tolman's action probably saved the gambling fraternity of the state a matter of fifty thousand dollars, and prevented the flagrant corruption of members of the legislature, which had so often been seen prior to that time. He also secured the passage of the law, which all now agree to be just and salutary, and in all probability, if the delay had occurred, the bill would have been defeated. When a new point involving parliamentary law was to be presented, Mr. Tol man was always consulted and usually led the fight on one side or the other, and was recognized as one of the best parliamentarians in the senate. At the close of his term he was not a candidate for reelection, because his business demanded attention and he felt he could no longer serve the public at a loss. He also felt that he had been a reformer at a time when reform was unpopular, and had done his share. Moreover, he felt there was no need for him to longer sacrifice himself, for reformers sprang up on every side, following the public sentiment created by his course. In 1904 when Governor McBride was defeated for the republican nomination there was a strong and state-wide demand for his nomination for governor by the democratic party. Undoubtedly he could have won the nomina tion and very likely the election had he used any effort to obtain it, but he always maintained the position that the office should seek the man and, unless absolutely drafted for public service, would prefer to continue in the practice of his pro fession. Many, however, contend that had he become the democratic nominee he would have been elected and the history of the state would have been changed. Local interests also have profited by his .cooperation and for three vears from 1903 until 1906, he was a member of the Spokane school board. In 1904 he was made a member of the Washington state commission to the St. Louis exposition and was one of the men appointed by Governor Rodgers to go to Portland and confer with the Oregon commission concerning the completion of plans for the exposition to be held in the Rose city in 1905. It was he who first suggested the name of the Lewis and Clarke exposition and in a more or less prominent wav he aided in making that an important interest to draw men to the northwest. In politics he has ever been an unfaltering democrat and has frequently been men- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 485 tioned at the state conventions of his party as a candidate for governor. His ambition, however, is not in that line. He is a man of quiet taste who shuns notoriety, yet he has the happy faculty of making and retaining friends. On the 30th of April, 1889, Mr. Tolman was married in Chicago to Miss Maude Ingersoll, a daughter of Durham Ingersoll, of that city. Their two children are Leland Ingersoll and Margaret Ainley. Mr. Tolman belongs to Spokane Lodge, No. 34, F. & A. M., but has never been a club man. In his profession he dislpays much natural ability but is withal a hard student and is never content until he has mastered every detail of his cases. He believes in the maxim "there is no excellence without labor" and follows it closely. He has ever manifested hearty concern for the public welfare and has been helpful in bringing about the purifying and whole some reforms which have been gradually growing in the political, municipal and social life of the city. He prefers a quiet place in the background to the glamour of publicity, but his rare aptitude and ability in achieving results make him con stantly sought and often bring him into prominence from which he would naturally shrink were less desirable ends in view. WILLIAM HENRY LARKIN. William Henry Larkin, who is engaged in buying stock with headquarters at No. 840 Forty-second street, southeast, Portland, is a native of this state, his birth having occurred on the 23d of June, 1864. He is a son of Perry and Mary (Cairns) Larkin, the father a native of Iowa and the mother of Illinois. They were among the early pioneers to the northwest, having crossed the plains to Ore gon with an ox team in 1852, and here endured all the hardships and privations incident to life on the frontier. The early years of William Henry Larkin were passed amid the pioneer con ditions that yet prevailed in this section, and at the age of eleven years he began assisting his father with the cultivation of the home ranch. There he acquired his early knowledge of the stock business and was given the benefit of a common- school education. In 1887, he went to Garfield, Whitman county, and invested what capital he possessed in one hundred and sixty acres of land. Here he as siduously applied himself to agricultural pursuits until 1895, but during that time he also engaged in the grain and butcher business and in 1891 he was employed on the Northern Pacific Railroad. In 1895, he withdrew from agricultural activi ties and removed to Colfax, where he secured employment in a butcher shop, but he subsequently engaged in stock-buying. He first became identified with the lat ter business about 1903, and a short time prior to this he had purchased two hun dred and forty acres of land south of Colfax, that he cultivated in connection with his stock business. In 1908 he again became identified with the meat business in Colfax by the establishment of a market of his own, that he operated for two years. At the end of that period he went to Portland to engage in stock-buying in connection with the Union Stock Yards of that city. Mr. Larkin's thorough familiarity with every branch of the meat and stock business well qualified him for 486 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE the work he is now doing, and has unquestionably been a dominant factor in his success, as he is an excellent judge of stock and a shrewd buyer and can readily dispose of a large amount of business in an increditably short time. In Colfax, in November, 1887, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Larkin and Miss Flora A. Dicus, a native of Iowa and a daughter of Jacob and Charity (Griffin) Dicus, the father a native of Ohio and the mother of Canada. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Larkin numbers ten, as follows: Stella, the wife of W. E. Nelson, of Portland; Claude A., a resident of this state, who married Miss Ida Daughtry; Benjamin J. and Clarence of Portland; and Blanche, Goldie, Wayne, Kenneth, Jack and Max, all of whom are living at home. Mr. Larkin is a member of Colfax Lodge, No. 14, I. O .O. F., and he also belongs to the Artisans of Colfax and the Woodmen of the World. His political allegiance has always been given to the democratic party, but he has never held any office save that of school director. He is well known in Whitman county, particularly in Colfax, where he has always conducted his transactions in a manner to entitle him to the respect and esteem of his fellow townsmen. FRANK T. McCOLLOUGH. The part which Frank T. McCollough has taken in the upbuilding of Spokane deserves mention in the history of this city, for he was prominently connected with James Hill, the railroad magnate, and his interests, having charge of the donations and money which secured the right-of-way for the Great Northern Railroad through the city. In the real-estate field his operations have also been notable for he has platted and put upon the market some valuable additions and has also taken an active part in the social life of the city. Mr. McCollough was born August 30, 1868, in Flora, Illinois, and was one of the six children of W. G. and Orinda J. (Notestine) McCollough. The former was born in Mansfield, Ohio, and is of Scotch descent, his ancestors having been numbered among the early New Eng land settlers whose arrival in America antedated the Revolutionary war. W. G. McCollough became a soldier of the Mexican war and during his business life was largely connected with railroad interests. His wife, who was born in Penn sylvania, was the daughter of a Civil war veteran who served as captain of an Ohio company. She, too, belongs to a family that was represented in the war for independence and she comes of German lineage. She is now living in Illinois but her husband passed away in 1896. The two daughters of the family are: Ella, the wife of W. S. Glover, in railroad service in Illinois; and Tinnie, who is the widow of J. C. Condit, and resides in Beardstown, Illinois. Frank T. McCollough was educated in the public schools of his native state and at a very early age started out in life, becoming telegraph operator when a boy of twelve years. He served at different places between Vincennes, Indiana, and St. Louis, Missouri, and worked his way upward through various promotions until at the age of eighteen years he was filling the responsible position of train dispatcher. In 1889 he came to Spokane to enter the Washington Savings Bank but about that time the memorable fire occurred and destroyed the plans of FRANK T. MCCOLLOUGH SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 489 the institution. He then entered the Spokane National Bank but in 1890 withdrew to form a partnership with L. C. Dillman, in the real-estate business under the firm name of L. C. Dillman & Company, which connection was continued until 1897. At all times he watched with interest the progress of events and the trend of the times, having faith in the future of this section and supporting its interests with enthusiasm. In the meantime the Hill roads were being in stituted in this district and Mr. Hill came to Spokane, the city giving him the right-of-way for five miles through its territory, the property being valued at that time from a half to three-quarters of a million dollars. A citizens' committee made Mr. McCollough its secretary and as such he had charge of the money and dona tions and also of securing the right-of-way through the city. At that time the overland train tonnage was four hundred and eighty-three and Mr. Hill stated that he would have engines to haul twelve hundred tons or more. This seemed an increditable statement at the time but with his characteristic foresight the rail road magnate saw far into the future and now has engines hauling trains of eighteen hundred tons. It was in 1896 that Mr. Hill was in Spokane, at which time he made his headquarters at Mr. McCollough's office. The latter continued in the real-estate business until 1898 and his efforts proved an important factor in the development of this city. He put upon the market the River Front addition and Cliff Park addition, and in the former sold in eight months property to the value of seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars. He then pur chased from the Northern Pacific Railroad the Cliff Park addition and began its development. His firm paid a subscription of fifty-five thousand doUars for the cable railroad to that addition. It was a part of the Spokane street railway system and is now owned by the Washington Water Power Company. Henry L. Wilson, now United States Ambassador to Mexico, was chairman and Mr. McCoHough a member of the committee which secured one thousand acres for a post site, and Daniel Lamont, then secretary' of war, declared when he came to Spokane that it was the most beautiful site for an army post in the United States, outside of West Point. In 1898 Mr. McCollough turned his attention to the laundry business in which he has since been engaged, organizing the Crystal Laundry Company of which he is the secretary and treasurer. They conduct the largest laundry business in this city and have in connection therewith a dry-cleaning plant. Their business is located on the Spokane river and their plant represents an outlay of over one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, comparing most favorably with many of the best laundries of the larger cities. D. R. McClure is the president of the firm but Mr. McCollough as secretary and treasurer is in a large measure managing the business. For many years he has been affiliated with the Old National Bank as a stockholder and is one of the owners of the Old National Bank building and a stockholder in the Union Trust Company and the Union Surety Company. Mr. McCollough's activity in club and social circles has made him very widely- known and has been the means of winning for him a very large circle of warm friends. He is a charter member of the Country Club which was organized with a small membership and held its meetings in a club house at Liberty Park. He was serving as president of the club when the traction company opened its addition in Manito Park and offered to the club fifty-two acres of land for one hundred and forty-five dollars per acre. The purchase was made and after holding this for a little over four years the club sold it at thirteen hundred and seventy dollars per Vol. m— 25 490 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE acre, investing the proceeds in two hundred and forty acres in Little Spokane. At present they have a very fine club house and the organization owns its own water supply and sewage system, while the total improvements on this property aggregate one hundred and eighty thousand dollars. Their building is one hundred and seventy-five feet long, was constructed to accommodate five hundred members, has thirty-two sleeping apartments and is altogether one of the handsomest club houses in the country, pleasantly situated just eight miles north from Riverside and Howard streets. With the exception of a single year Mr. McCollough has continuously served on the board of directors since the club was organized and is now secretary and treasurer. Mr. McCollough's activity in club and social circles has made him very widely life member of the Spokane Athletic Club and a charter member of the Coeur d'Alene Boat Club. He likewise belongs to Spokane Lodge, No. 74, F. & A. M., is a member of the Young Men's Christian Association and a leading representa tive of the Chamber of Commerce, having served many times on its important com mittees. His political allegiance is given to the democratic party and his military experience came to him as lieutenant of the Governor's Guard under Governor Richard Oglesby, of Illinois. He was held with his company in the armory for three days preparatory to being called out for duty at the time of the Haymarket riots in Chicago. Mr. McCollough was married in Spokane, November 14, 1889, to Miss Mary A. Wolgamot, a daughter of John F. Wolgamot, connected with mining interests in the northwest. His friends find him a genial, courteous and obliging gentleman. It would be difficult to place a limit upon the influence of his activities along busi ness and social lines. He is well fitted by nature for leadership for his judgment is sound, his sense of justice keen and his spirit always stimulated by progressive- ness. These qualities have placed him where he is today — in a prominent position in the business and club life of Spokane. THEODORE SCHOLER. Theodore Scholer, who is at present chief engineer at the state hospital for the insane at Medical Lake, Washington, was born in Germany, January 27, 1859, his parents being John Jacob and Johanna (Wagoner) Scholer, who died in 1893 and 1902 respectively. Coming to this country in his youth Theodore Scholer completed his education in the country schools of Minnesota. After he was seven teen years of age he put aside his text-books and started upon an independent career by learning the blacksmith's trade in Wabasha, Minnesota. He followed this trade for two winters, at the same time engaging in farming during the sum mer months. Subsequently he removed to Reeds Landing, Minnesota, where he operated a blacksmith shop for two winters and after that, in 1882, came to Med ical Lake. After opening a blacksmith shop here and conducting it for seven years he obtained the position as second engineer in the state hospital. So efficient was he in his duties that after eight months he was promoted to chief engineer, a position he held for six and one half years. Subsequently he was given charge of the electric light plant in Cheney, and after eight months of satisfactory serv- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 491 ice there engaged in the sawmill business at Clear Lake and Shock Canyon. For four years he was engaged in this enterprise and won the success which was due his energy, industry and ability. After disposing of that business he returned again to the state hospital at Medical Lake, and has since served as its chief engineer. Although he has devoted the greater part of his time along mechanical lines he has still found opportunity to manage five acres of irrigated land near Lewiston, Idaho, in which enterprise he has met with as large a measure of suc cess as in his previous undertakings. On the 8th of April, 1883, Theodore Scholer was married to Effie Messinger, the daughter of Henry and Amelia Messinger, of Fairview. They have become the parents of eight children: George, who married Esther Greenwood; Elmer, who married Emma Starkey^ Ethel, who became the wife of Frank White; Alta, who married Fred Grub; Earl, who is exchange teller in the Old National Bank of Spokane; and Herbert, Rosella and Raymond, all attending school. In politics Mr. Scholer has given his active support to the republican party, and has shown great interest in promoting its measures. He is also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the Knights of Maccabees and of the Modern Woodmen of America. In religious faith he is a Congregationalist, hold ing membership in the Congregational church of Medical Lake. Of the many men Germany has furnished to Spokane county none has displayed the salient characteristics of the Teutonic race — thrift, industry and progress — more genuinely than has Theodore Scholer. What he owns today and what qualifications he has for mechanical positions have all been brought about by his own efforts, and he stands as one of the prominent and respected citizens in his community. ROBERT RICHARD McCORKELL. Robert Richard McCorkell, who is engaged in breeding fine horses at Med ical Lake, was born in Jones county, Iowa, April 30, 1861. His parents, Joseph and Mary Jane (Moore) McCorkell, were among the early settlers in that state, arriving there in 1841. The father's death occurred in 1910 but Mrs. McCorkell is still living. Robert R. McCorkell acquired his education in the public schools of Des Moines, and was graduated from the high school of that city in 1882. Recog nizing the wealth of resources in the soil of the west, and having the energy and ambition to enter a career in which he could succeed and win both material gain and personal satisfaction, he engaged in farming in his native state. After fol lowing this for three years he entered the grain business at Westfield, Iowa, and three years later removed to Akron, Iowa, where he was in business until 1903. In that year he came to Medical Lake and is now successfully engaged in breed ing fine horses, this being an occupation which brings ample reward in a growing and rich country. On the 13th of July, 1892, Mr. McCorkell married Miss Katherine Deull of Akron, Iowa. Mrs. McCorkell spent the greater part of her life before her mar riage acquiring an education, first in the public schools of New York, then in the University of South Dakota from which institution she was graduated, and finally 492 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE as a student at Cornell University. To Mr. and Mrs. McCorkell three children have been born: Roberta May and Bernice E., both students at Medical Lake high school, and Grace Irene, deceased. Mr. McCorkell gives his political support to the democratic party, and has throughout his life been active in its circles. He has held the position of town clerk for five years and served as councilman for several terms. Fraternally he is associated with the Masonic order, being a member of the blue lodge, No. 102, A. F. & A. M., having served as its secretary for four years, in Freedom Lodge, No. 434, Iowa, and is a member of the Knights of Pythias, of which organiza tion he is past chancellor. He also holds membership in the M. B. A., and the American Yeomen. He is a man of unusual ability, and industry, and these qual ities are making him one of the prominent citizens of his community. LEWIS CASS CROW. Lewis Cass Crow, one of the well known farmers of Whitman county, now residing in Pullman, is president of the Washington and Idaho State Farmers' Educational and Cooperative Union, for which position he is well qualified and is discharging his duties with efficiency. He was born in Indiana on the 3d of November, 1851, and is a son of Malcolm M. and Elizabeth (Clem) Crow, the father a native of Virginia and the mother of Kentucky. Malcolm M. Crow crossed the plains with his wife and family in 1853, locating in the Willamette valley, Oregon. He subsequently took up a donation claim of three hundred and twenty acres in Lane county, that state, devoting his energies to its further development and cultivation for many years. The boyhood and early youth of Lewis Cass Crow were spent very similarly to those of other lads of that period living on the frontier, save that he was given better educational advantages than fell to the majority of the pioneer youths. His early schooling was obtained in his home district, but in 1870 he entered Philo math College at Philomath, where he spent five years, being awarded the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1875, while he had the added distinction of being a member of the first class graduated from that institution. After his graduation he was offered the chair of natural science in his alma mater, which he held for one year, at the same time devoting his summers to agricultural pursuits. In 1877, he came to Whitman county, locating in the vicinity of Palouse, where he filed on one hundred and sixty acres of land. In connection with the cultivation of his claim, Mr. Crow continued to teach until 1896, being one of the pioneers in this profession in Palouse. After giving up the work of the school room, he gave his undivided time and attention to the operation of his ranch, where he continued to reside' until 1910, when he removed to Pullman with his family in order to give his children the benefit of better educational advantages than were afforded in the country. Soon after the completion of his college course in 1875, Mr. Crow was united in marriage to Miss Maria McQueen, a native of Missouri, and a daughter of William and Sarah (Banks) McQueen, the father a native of New York and the mother of England. Mr. and Mrs. Crow have ten children and eighteen grand- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 493 children, as follows: Chester Dale, a resident of Whitman county, who is mar ried and has four children: Charles Sumner, of Saskatchewan, Canada, who is likewise married and the father of four children; Sarah, who married G. M. Sills of this county by whom she has had three children; Anna, the wife of R. W. Day, of Montana, and the mother of three children; WiUiam Malcolm, who is married and residing in this county, the father of two children; Adelbert, who is still at home; Alva, who married Glen Harlow of Whitman county and has two children; and Harry Lewis, Virgil Bryan and Lanche, all of whom are at home. The family affiliate with the Christian church, and Mr. Crow is a member of the Woodmen of the World and the Farmers' Union. His political views ac cord with those of the democratic party for whose candidates he casts his ballot except at municipal elections when he gives his support to such men and measures as he deems best qualified to subserve the highest interests of the community. In 1894, he was elected on the people's ticket to the state senate, where he served for six years. As he was engaged in teaching for nineteen years, he has al ways taken much interest in all educational matters and in 1891 he was appointed a member of the examining board of Whitman county, and he has served as school director on several occasions. During the thirty-four years of his residence in this county, Mr. Crow has witnessed its almost phenomenal transformation as the vast prairies have been converted into highly cultivated and improved farms, and the local settlements have grown into thriving villages and towns, provided with all the conveniences and comforts of modern civilization. FRANKLIN EDWARD WOLFE, M. D. Equipped by training and long experience in various places Dr. Franklin Ed ward Wolfe is well qualified for his chosen profession, the practice of medicine, and since becoming a resident of Medical Lake, Washington, has occupied the position of attending physician at the State School for the Feeble-minded located here. Born in Clarkston, Michigan, he is a son of pioneer settlers of Michigan and is the oldest of a family of five children, four boys and a girl, all living except the daughter whose death occurred in 1877. The father, John C. Wolfe is living but the mother, whose maiden name was Lucy C. Frick, passed away in 1909. Reared in his native locality Franklin Edward Wolfe acquired his education in the public schools of Michigan and at the age of eighteen years entered normal school preparatory for college, being thus enabled to receive his degree from the University of Michigan after a two-years' course at that institution. He then entered the Medical College of Brooklyn, New York, from which he was grad uated in 1890. He began the practice of medicine in Woodstock, Connecticut, but remained there only a short time when he removed to Michigan and for the next twelve years practiced in that state in various places, during the first five years at Metamora, then for two years at Grayling, for two years at Detroit and for three years at Lewiston. At the end of this time he returned to Detroit where he took a post-graduate course at the Detroit Medical College and after five months of study set out for the west locating at Hatton, Washington, and there prac- 494 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE ticed medicine for half a year. He has never left the state of Washington but practiced during the ensuing years in various places. After Hatton he re moved to Govan, where for five years he conducted a drug store in connection with his practice, then to Camas, for a year engaging again in the two allied depart ments of medicine, then to Medical Lake where he has practiced ever since and likewise is the attending physician on the staff of the State School for the Feeble minded. Conscientious in the performance of his duties Dr. Wolfe is considerate and sympathetic toward his patients whom he never fails to inspire with faith in his ability as well as his kindly concern for their welfare. On July 24, 1895, Dr. Wolfe was united in marriage to Miss Ella L. Townsend, a daughter of Clark and Jennie (Blair) Townsend, at Metamora, Michigan. The children born of this union are: Townsend Harold, Gerald Franklin, Max Donald, Franklin, deceased, and Hazel Marguerite. Dr. Wolfe is a republican in his political convictions. While not eager to hold political office he does not shirk his civic duties and is at present serving his second term as clerk of the school board of Medical Lake. He is variously connected fraternally, being a member of the blue lodge of the Masonic order, of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the Knights of the Maccabees and of the Independent Order of Foresters. De voted to the interests of his family and loyal to his friends Dr. Wolfe is held in high esteem wherever he is known. MILTON CLARK GRAY. Milton Clark Gray, one of the prominent stock breeders of Whitman county, who is also well known in the real-estate circles of Pullman, was born in West Virginia on the 12th of April, 1856, and is a son of William Jesse and Mary Ann (Dague) Gray, also natives of West Virginia. The Gray family traoe their ancestry back to the early colonial days, some of our subject's forefathers having participated in the Revolutionary war. They were formerly residents of Pennsylvania, the grandfather, Mathew Gray, having been born and reared near Ryerson's Station, Greene county. His sons, including William J., responded to the country's call for volunteers and went to the front during the Civil war, thus maintaining the reputa tion for patriotism the family had long ago established. Agricultural pursuits always engaged the energies of William J. Gray, who passed away in 1872, when he was still in his prime. The early years of Milton Clark Gray were marked by many hardships and privations. He was a lad of only sixteen years when his father died, but, being the eldest child, the operation of the small home farm largely devolved upon him, while he was compelled to render the family further assistance by hiring out to the neighboring farmers. The wages for work of this kind at that period were very low, for money was scarce and many were seeking employment, so that the lad was compelled to serve many times from daylight to dark for the paltry sum of thirty-seven and a half cents a day. The succeeding eight years brought about various changes and lessened his responsibilities, so that in 1880 he was able to realize the ambition of his life and supplement his meager education by attending the Ohio Wesleyan University and Ada University. He was able to continue his ¦J! ' . ?*n. \ W, kUW""" "¦ SHU 1 r- MILTON C. GRAY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 497 studies in these institutions for two years and at the expiration of that time he again turned his attention to agricultural pursuits in the summer, while the winter months he devoted to teaching in Ohio and Illinois. As he was enterprising and ambitious he carefully saved as much of his earnings as possible and during four succeeding years acquired sufficient capital to enable him to engage in business for himself. An opportunity was afforded him to become associated with Robert Bur gess & Son, well known breeders and importers of fine stock at Wenona, Illinois. This proved entirely satisfactory in every way and he has ever since been engaged in this business. He remained in the vicinity of Wenona for four years, after which he went to Emporia, Kansas, still retaining a business connection with the Burgess company, however. Disposing of his interests in Kansas and Illinois six years later, he removed to Minnesota, where he followed the same business until 1898. In the latter year he went to Nebraska, where he established a stock importing establish ment that he operated until 1902, when he again disposed of his interests and came to Whitman county, where he has ever since resided. Mr. Gray has met with ex cellent success in his undertakings and, being a man of foresight and good judg ment as well as unusual sagacity, he has directed his activities with intelligence, and his efforts have been substantially rewarded. To him is largely due the improve ment of the horse stock in the Pacific northwest. In addition to his large and well established importing business he has acquired extensive holdings in real estate, owning about four thousand acres of fine grain land in British Columbia and Alberta. Of recent years he has been investing quite heavily in property, although he still continues to engage in the stock business. At Crete, Nebraska, in May, 1900, Mr. Gray was married to Miss Cora E. Streeter, of Wisconsin, a daughter of Gaylord D. and Marie (Adams) Streeter, na tives of New York. In the maternal line Mrs. Gray is descended from the Adams family that provided America with so many eminent men, belonging to the branch of which John Quincy Adams was a member. One daughter, Mariana, has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Gray. The family in religious matters is liberal, favoring no special creed. Fraternally Mr. Gray has attained high rank in the Masonic order, being affiliated with the blue lodge and chapter and also the commandery. He likewise belongs to the Odd Fel lows, Maccabees and Elks. His political support he gives to the democratic party save at municipal elections, when he casts his ballot for the man he considers best qualified to subserve the interests of the majority. He has always taken an active interest in all local affairs and in 1907 he was elected mayor of Pullman, which was the year the saloons were voted out, a movement in which he was largely instru mental. Mr. Gray is a man of many fine qualities and such strength of character that he inspires confidence in all who have dealings with him. He is a believer in the Jeffersonian principle which is exemplified in his own life and is a widely read student of and a writer upon economic questions. What he is and what he has achieved must be entirely attributed to his own efforts, as he has made his own way from early boyhood and is in every sense of the word a self-made man, his success being due to his determination of purpose, persistence and definite aim. Conserva tive and cautious in his methods, he takes a full inventory of his powers and pos sibilities of success before undertaking a new venture, and as a result knows exactly what his plan of action will be and concentrates his entire forces upon the achieve ment of his ambition. 498 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE In closing this sketch, it will not be amiss to quote from a testimonial handed Mr. Gray over thirty years ago, by the faculty of the university at Ada, Ohio, at the time when from lack of funds, as well as a sense of duty to his mother and the balance of the family, he was obliged to withdraw from the institution before grad uation. From said testimonial, the following paragraph is given: "Mr. Gray has been a student at this institution for several terms, and of the thousands who come under our instruction, we seldom find a man whom we can com mend so favorably. He is a gentleman of most pleasant manners, a kind and gen erous heart, with a strong will, a sensitive conscience, a clear strong mind, and pos sessed of strict habits of industry: — we believe him worthy of high trust." In the light of our subject's subsequent life and achievements, the opinion formed of him by his mentors in earlier days, seems to have been fully justified. STEPHEN S. GLIDDEN. What the northwest would have been without the development of its rich min eral resources cannot be imagined and much less determined. It is well known, however, that many of the most prominent upbuilders of the Inland Empire are those who have been active in its mining interests and the success which has crowned their efforts is the legitimate reward of earnest and well directed labor and of sound business judgment. Stephen S. Glidden was numbered with those who owe their advancement to their operations in the Coeur d'Alene district and yet in other fields he proved equally capable in business connections. He was born in Northfield, New Hampshire, in 1828, and passed away at Los Angeles, California, March 17, 1903. His parents, Charles Mills and Alice M. (Smith) Glidden, were also natives of the old Granite state and their ancestors were prominently identified with the development and welfare of New England at an early period in the colonization of that part of the country, representatives of both families being actively connected with public interests. The great-great grandfather of Stephen S. Glidden in 1704 founded the town of Northfield and was the largest taxpayer. He represented the town of Northfield in the New Hampshire legislature for a period of over forty years and the great-grandson of the first Glidden in New Hampshire represented the same town in the same august body in the same centennial year of that town. There are in the possession of the Glidden family some old and interesting papers dating back one hundred and twenty-five years, showing the appointment of Charles Glidden, grandfather of our subject, to the office of deputy sheriff and that of justice of the peace. Stephen S. Glidden received his education in Tilton Academy at Northfield, New Hampshire. He was eighteen years of age when he removed to Ohio, where he became interested in the iron business, being appointed manager of an iron blast furnace for manufacturing pig iron. He followed that pursuit in the vicinity of Portsmouth, Ohio, until after the close of the Civil war, when he removed to Tennessee. For several years he remained there and then went to Alabama, where he was also identified with the iron trade. In 1880 he engaged in the wholesale grocery business in St. Paul, Minnesota, under the firm name of Glidden, Griggs & Company, conducting this enterprise successfully until 1885. He went to Thomp- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 499 son Falls, Montana, in the spring of 1884 to attend to the opening of a branch store for Glidden, Griggs & Company and while there bonded the Tiger mine through John M. Burke. Selling out his interests in St. Paul, he came west in 1885, attracted by the developing northwest. He located with his family in Spokane and soon afterward began operating in the mines of the Coeur d'Alene district, becoming one of the large shareholders of the Tiger mine and also one of its stockholders after its consolidation with the Poor Man. He disposed of his interests in this property to Charles Sweeny about four .years prior to his death and concentrated his energies largely upon financial interests in Spokane, having in 1890 established the Old National Bank of this city, which is now one of the largest banking institutions of the northwest. He was its first president and continued in that capacity until he sold his interests in the fall of 1902. Besides his operations in the field of banking and mining he had real-estate holdings in and near Spokane, displaying sound judgment in his judicious investment in realty. In 1855 Mr. Glidden was united in marriage to Miss Sue Garret and unto them were born seven children: Mary Alice, Mrs. G. W. James, Mrs. F. R. Culberson, Harry Mills, Stephen Clifton, Charles and Mrs. A. W. Perkins. Mrs. Glidden passed away September 23, 1911. In the later years of his life Mr. Glidden retired from active business that he might spend his leisure hours in travel and in pursuit of other things which afforded him interest and pleasure. Death came to him, however, after three months. Spokane lost thereby one of its most valued citizens, for he had been very active in its upbuilding and welfare. His success came from the fact that he utilized every moment and opportunity to the best advantage and the most envious could not grudge him his prosperity so worthily was it won and so honorably has it been used. ISIDOR MAGNUSON. Isidor Magnuson, who for nearly a decade has been successfully identified with the business interests of Freeman, is one of Sweden's thrifty and enterprising sons. His natal day was the 12th of October, 1867, his parents being Magnus and Caro lina (Johnson) Johnson, both of whom are living. Isidor Magnuson was reared to the age of fifteen years in his native land, to whose common schools he is indebted for his education. From his earliest boy hood it had been the ambition of his life to come to the United States, so in 1882 he took passage for this country, locating in Illinois. He remained there during the succeeding four years, industriously applying himself to the duties of a farm hand, when he decided to come to the northwest. Upon his arrival in Washing ton he first located in Spokane where for ten years he was employed by the Wash ington Brick & Lime Company. At the expiration of that period he was trans ferred to the plant at Clayton, this state, where he remained for a year, thence going to Freeman and continuing to work for the same company for five more years. He was ambitious to advance more rapidly and realizing that such an ac complishment could not be brought about on a salary, he decided to engage in business for himself. Because of his thrifty and energetic habits he had been able to save the greater part of his salary, and had accumulated sufficient capital to 500 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE embark in the general mercantile business. Mr. Magnuson carries a well selected and assorted stock of goods, and his manners to his customers are such, while his prices are reasonable, that he has succeeded in building up an extensive and profitable trade. Although he was compelled to begin in a small way, as the years have passed he has been able to extend the scope of his activities and now owns a very attractive store. Spokane, Washington, was the scene of Mr. Magnuson's marriage to Miss Elizabeth Norris, a daughter of Thomas and Mary Norris, the event occurring on the 5th of September, 1897. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Magnuson there has been born one son, George, who is attending school. In religious matters Mr. and Mrs. Magnuson are protestants. Politically he is a republican, and although he takes an active and helpful interest in promot ing the development of the community, he has never participated in political af fairs further than to cast his ballot, his undivided attention having been de manded in the promotion of his own interests. JUDGE WILLIAM E. RICHARDSON. Judge William E. Richardson, who since the 1st of April, 1911, has been first assistant to the corporation counsel of Spokane and who has made a creditable record as judge of the superior court for the district comprising Spokane and Stevens counties, is not only deserving of mention as a distinguished lawyer and jurist of the Inland Empire but also as one of its pioneer settlers whose residence here dates from the days when the Indians were numerous in this section of the state and when the district between Walla Walla and the Idaho border was largely an undeveloped and unsettled wilderness. Judge Richardson speaks with authority upon many points relative to the history of this section. He was born in Lane county, Oregon, August 1, 1857, and comes of a family of English origin although long represented in America, its members in different generations taking active part in the wars in which the country has engaged. His great-grandfather was a soldier of the Revolution and his grandfather was a soldier in the Black Hawk and other Indian wars which constitutes chapters in the history of the middle west. His father, William C. Richardson, was born in Illinois and came across the plains in 1852, arriving in Polk county, Oregon. He had made the journey with his father, who took up land in that district, while William C. Richardson, shortly after reaching his destination, turned his attention to carpentering. He established his home in Portland and was there identified with building operations. He remained for fifty-eight years a resident of the Pacific northwest, passing away in 1910. Forty years before his wife had been called to her final rest. Her maiden name was Hes ter Craig and she was of Scotch descent. She was born in Arkansas and in 1852 started across the plains with her parents, both of whom died while en route. The death of Mrs. Richardson occurred in 1870 and she was survived by her two sons and two daughters : Frank Richardson, who is engaged in stock-raising in San Diego, California, and was for many years a deputy sheriff of Arizona; May, of Portland, Oregon; and Jennie, who is living in Newport, Oregon. The father by a second marriage, had one daughter, Effie, who resides in Portland, Oregon. w ¦ f WILLIAM E. RICHARDSON SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 503 The other member of the family is Judge Richardson, who pursued his education in the public schools of Portland, Oregon, where he spent his boyhood until 1871. He was at that time thirteen years of age and with his father and grandfather he traveled through this country from Polk county, Oregon, with a band of cattle. They came over the Cascade mountains through eastern Oregon and to the present site of Spokane through the Coeur d'Alenes to Bitter Root valley, where they re mained for a year and a half. The country was a wilderness, with very few settlers between Walla Walla and the Idaho line. They heard that there were some falls on the Spokane river but were not sufficiently interested at that time to go to look at them. On this journey Judge Richardson rode a little buckskin pony all the way. There had been trouble with the Indians a few years before but things had quieted down and a delightful trip was enjoyed. There was no trouble, for Colonel Wright had thoroughly subdued the red men. In order to bring them into subjection and prevent further hostilities against the white race the colonel had collected all their ponies to the number of fifteen hundred and had driven them up to a bend in the river near the present site of Opportunity, where he shot them. That took the backbone out of the uprising and the Indians surrendered. In consequence thereof they always afterward regarded Colonel Wright as a truly terrible man. The Richardsons, grandfather, father and son, had made the trip into this country look ing for good ground for stock. The farmers cultivated the ground for several years before they realized that the Palouse was good for anything at all, an old man named Calhoun, from Virginia, being the first to demonstrate the fact that the great Palouse country would raise wheat. After this Judge Richardson was graduated from the Christian College of Monmouth, Oregon, now the State Normal School, completing his course in 1882 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He thereafter divided his time between school teaching and carpenter work from 1882 until 1887 and on the expiration of that period he came to Spokane, where he began reading law in the office of S. C. Hyde. He prepared for the bar with characteristic thoroughness and determination and was admitted to practice in 1890, after which he successfully followed his profession until elected judge of the superior court for the district com prising the two counties of Spokane and Stevens in 1896. He served for two terms and made an excellent record on the bench, his decisions being strictly fair and im partial and a clear exposition of the law demanded by the points in the case. He retired from office in January, 1905, and since that time has continued in the active practice of law, holding no other office until the 1st of April, 1911, when he was appointed first assistant to the corporation counsel of Spokane. While he continues in the general practice of law he largely eschews criminal law practice, confining his attention to the varjpus branches of civil law, for which he is particularly well qualified. Judge Richardson was one of the attorneys in the Colville valley drainage proj ect and also in a similar project in the Kalispell valley. He has paid much atten tion to mining litigation and in that way at times has acquired interests in mining properties but has since disposed of them. He is interested, however, in irrigation enterprises and is now connected with what is known as the Whitestone irrigation project. Aside from his activity in his profession and in connection with business undertakings, he has been a recognized leader in political circles. His allegiance was given to the republican party until 1892, when he joined the populist move ment. In 1896 he was elected on the people's party ticket, a fusion ticket of the 504 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE populists and democrats, to the office of superior judge and for the second term was elected on a fusion of the two parties, his name being placed on the democratic ticket. He has always been a close student of political problems and questions and in that connection keeps abreast with many of the best thinking men of the age. On the 19th of February, 1889, at Albany, Oregon, was celebrated the mar riage of Judge Richardson and Mrs. Viola I. Miller, a daughter of George Patter son, who was a pioneer' of Oregon and came from Wisconsin to the Pacific coast in 1849, at which time he made his way to California. He afterward journeyed north ward and died in 1908. Judge and Mrs. Richardson have two sons: Curtis, twenty- two years of age, who is now an architect of Spokane ; and Hugh, who was born in February, 1898, and is still in school. Judge Richardson is a Mason, holding membership in Spokane Lodge No. 34. He also belongs to the Woodmen of the World, the Inland Club and the Chamber of Commerce and his interests are broad and varied, bringing him into active con nection with much that touches the general welfare of society at large. He has held to high ideals in his profession and has been found an able, faithful and conscien tious minister in the temple of justice, giving to his client the service of superior talent, unwearied industry and broad learning, yet never forgetting that there are certain things due to the court, to his own self-respect and above all to justice and a righteous administration of the law, which neither the zeal of an advocate nor the pleasure of success permits him to disregard. D. K. OLIVER. When the Spokane country was much more largely inhabited by the red than by the white race, D. K. Oliver came to the northwest, arriving in 1878. He left the impress of his individuality upon the changes which here occurred in the trans formation which was wrought. He was a native of Pennsylvania, born in Frank lin county, August 30, 1845, and there he largely devoted his youth to the mastery of the branches of learning taught in the public schools. He was only a youth of seventeen when his patriotic spirit prompted his enlistment for service in the Civil war, joining Company E, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry, in 1862. He continued with that command until the close of hostilities and participated in eleven different important engagements with the Army of the Potomac. He never faltered in the face of danger and the same fearless allegiance to duty character ized him throughout all of his after life. When the war was ended Mr. Oliver started for the west and had manv in teresting and sometimes thrilling experiences during the period of development on this side of the Mississippi. In 1866 he traveled from Kansas City, Missouri, to Sante Fe, New Mexico, driving six yoke of oxen that were hitched to a prairie schooner loaded with eight thousand pounds of bacon. Every phase of pioneer life in the west became familiar to him. At different times he was employed in California, Nevada and Oregon and in November, 1878, traveling by river and wagon, he at length reached Spokane. Here he engaged in carpentry for several years and through different summer seasons devoted his time to prospecting and mining, having an interest in numerous mining claims. Following his arrival in SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 505 Spokane he purchased an interest in the Wiscombe, Johnson & Oliver Planing Mill which had upon it the first steam whistle ever blown in Spokane. This marked the opening of the present industrial activity that now prevails here. During the last ten years of his life he devoted his time to mining and to the supervision of his real estate and other personal interests. That his judgment was sound was manifest in the success that ultimately came to him as the result of his careful investments and unfaltering activity. In 1892 he built the Oliver block at Nos. 382-334 Riverside, a two-story brick structure with a society hall on the second floor. Mr. Oliver was married in Dallas, Oregon, on Christmas day, 1873, to Miss Amanda Ham, a native of that state, and unto them was born a son, Charles W., who now devotes his time to looking after his father's estate and the business con nected therewith. He married Kathleen Donahue, of Spokane, and they now have two children, David K. and Ruth May. The family circle was broken by the death of D. K. Oliver on the 28th of January, 1906. He had always given his political allegiance to the democratic party but was never interested in politics to the extent of seeking or desiring office, as many have done. He, however, at one time served as a member of the city council, filling that position in 1896-7. He was a prominent and valued member of Reno Post, No. 47, G. A. R., and was for eleven years quartermaster thereof and also was senior department com mander of the department of Washington and Alaska. He likewise held mem bership in Spokane Council, No. 1371, R. A., and was ever loyal to the organi zations with which he was associated and the principles for which they stood. He was widely known among the leading citizens of Spokane and the northwest coun try, his acquaintance constantly broadening from pioneer times until his death. He was found to be a reliable man under all circumstances and his genuine worth was manifest in the friendship and regard which were uniformly tendered him. OSWALD N. SUKSDORF. Oswald N. Suksdorf, an enterprising young ranchman of Spangle, Washing ton, is a native of this state, his birth having occurred at White Salmon, Klickitat county, on the 25th of June, 1883, his parents being D. and Christiana (Schaeffer) Suksdorf, early pioneers of this state, who are now residing at Spangle. Oswald N. Suksdorf was reared on his father's ranch and attended the public schools until he was fifteen years of age, in the acquirement of his education. He then laid aside his text-books and turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. Thereafter he devoted his entire energies to the work of the ranch, assisting his father with the tilling of the fields and care of the crops for seven years. At the expiration of that time he went to Iowa and pursued a commercial course in the business college at Davenport. Following his graduation he taught for one win ter but at the end of that time he returned to Spangle and again took up the duties of an agriculturist. At the end of a year he withdrew from this in order to become associated with A. M. Dewey, who is mentioned at greater length else where in this work, in mining operations. This connection lasted until July 1, 1911, when Mr. Suksdorf once more identified himself with ranching. His min- 506 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE ing speculations proved quite profitable and he is now interested in a number of claims that he has every reason to feel assured will ultimately yield handsome dividends. He is one of the directors of the Q. S. Mining Company and he is also a stockholder in the Doyle Consolidated Mining Company. Mr. Suksdorf is unmarried and continues to make his home on the ranch with his parents. In politics he is independent, always giving his support to such men or measures as he deems most likely to subserve the highest interests of the public. He is a capable young man of high standards and is held in favorable regard in Spangle, where he has been known from early childhood and has many friends, the majority of whom were the comrades of his boyhood. HOMER E. ESTES. Homer E. Estes, clerk of the district court and ex-officio auditor and recorder of Latah county, Idaho, has passed practically his entire life in Idaho, although he is a native of North Carolina, having been born in Caldwell county, that state, on the 26th of July, 1876. His parents are Homer R. and Nancy E. (Greer) Estes, also natives of North Carolina, whence they removed in the spring of 1886 to Idaho. Here they located on a homestead in Idaho county that the father operated until the fall of 1902, when the family removed to Latah county in the vicinity of Moscow, where the father continued operating a farm until the fall of 1907, when he and his wife and youngest son removed to Gridley, California, where he continues to follow agricultural pursuits. The Estes' are a very long-lived family, the grandfather of our subject having passed away in 1907 at the age of ninety-five years, the entire period of his life having been passed in North Caro lina. The education of Homer E. Estes was begun in the common schools of his native state, where he resided until he was a lad of almost ten years, and continued in those of Moscow. After the completion of his course in the latter place he studied for three years in the University of Idaho, then pursued a commercial course in the Moscow Business College. In 1900, at the age of twenty- four years, he entered the employ of the David & Ely Company, a large mercantile firm of Mos cow, Idaho, in the capacity of bookkeeper, remaining with them for ten years. He applied himself intelligently and systematically to whatever he undertook, proving such an efficient employe that in less than two years after entering their service he was head of the counting department, and had entire charge of the office. Hav ing been elected to the office of clerk of the district court and ex officio auditor and recorder of Latah county in November, 1910, he resigned his position with the David & Ely Company at the first of the year in order to assume the duties of his office, his term expiring in four years from January 10, 1911. Moscow was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Estes to Miss Etta Strong, a daughter of J. R. Strong, on the 18th of November, 1903. Mr. Strong is one of the pioneers of Latah county, who was probate judge for four years and is now serving as city clerk of Moscow. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Estes, as follows: Helen, whose birth occurred in 1904; Virgil, whose natal day was in 1905; and Murray, who celebrated the second anniversary of his birth in 1911. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 507 The family affiliate with the Methodist Episcopal church in which the parents hold membership, and fraternally he belongs to Moscow Camp, No. 5653, M. W. A., of which he is one of the trustees, and Moscow Lodge, No. 1, K. P., of which he is the present chancellor commander. Ever since attaining his majority, Mr. Estes has taken an active interest in all political affairs, giving his support to the men and measures of the progressive republican party. His first official position was that of clerk of the local board of education of the Moscow city schools, which he filled most acceptably from 1905 to 1910, and the past year he has been chair man of the board. Mr. Estes is highly regarded not only in Moscow but through out Latah county by all who have had either social or business relations with him, as he is a man of sound principles and upright conduct with well defined ideas of right and wrong to which he as rigidly adheres in all of his transactions as he expects others to do. ANDREW CHRISTENSON, Andrew Christenson, who has been actively identified with the growth and development of the town of Laclede and also of Bonner county, has served as treasurer of the latter since the time of its organization in 1907. His birth oc curred on the island of Laaland, Denmark, on the 1st of March, 1862, and he lost his parents while he was still quite young. He attended the schools of his native land in the acquirement of an education and in 1880 crossed the Atlantic to the United States, settling at Alden, Minnesota, where he spent a year and a half with the construction gang of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Company. Subsequently he clerked in a store at Alden until the spring of 1888, when he came west, settling at Seneaguoteen, Idaho, and began ranching. In 1891 he opened a store and in 1899 began the operation of a sawmill. On the 30th of April, 1891, he was appointed postmaster of Seneaguoteen, holding that position until 1902, when the postoffice was abolished. He then disposed of his store and sawmill to the Laclede Lumber Company, taking stock in the new concern as part payment, and moved across the river to what is now Laclede, Idaho. Until 1906, however, he managed the store for the Laclede Lumber Company. In 1904 he was appointed postmaster of Laclede, serving in that capacity until he resigned the office in 1907 in order to assume his new duties as treasurer of Bonner county, which had just been organized. He was elected county treasurer in 1908 and in 1910 was reelected, so that he is still the incumbent in that' position. He is the only man who has held the office thus far and has won an enviable reputation for ability as well as fidelity. Mr. Christenson was likewise one of the organizers of the Bonner County National Bank and has since served as a director of the in stitution. In April, 1885, Mr. Christenson was joined in marriage to Miss Mary Peter son, a daughter of Peter and Anna Elizabeth Peterson of Alden, Minnesota, who came to the United States from the island of Moen, Denmark, in 1866. Our sub ject and his wife have eight children, five sons and three daughters, as follows: Hilda, the wife of James Crockett, of Dutton, and the mother of two children; Peter, a ranchman of Dutton, Montana; Andrew, Jr., a student of the Idaho State 508 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE University at Moscow; Anna, at home; and Olga, Robert, Victor, and Carl. The family home is at Laclede. Mr. Christenson gives his political allegiance to the republican party and acted as county commissioner of Kootenai county during the years 1905 and 1906. Since its organization in 1907 he has served as president of the Bonner County Fair Association and he is now president of the Commercial Club of Sandpoint, Idaho. He is a prominent Mason, having attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite and being a member of the grand lodge of Masons of Idaho, while in 1910 he acted as senior grand deacon and in 1911 was elected junior grand warden. While it was still in existence he was master of Laclede Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and is now past master and present secretary of Lakeside Lodge, No. 42, A. F. & A. M. He also belongs to the following organizations: Sandpoint Chapter, R. A. M.; Temple Commandery, No. 8, K. T., of Coeur d'Alene; Idaho Consistory, No. 3, S. P. R. S., of Coeur d'Alene; and El Katif Temple, N. M. S., of Spokane. Mr. Christenson is likewise prominent in the Scandinavian Brotherhood, being a member of Sandpoint Lodge, No. 21, and the grand vice president of the United States for 1910. He is at the present time vice president of the Inland Empire Grand Lodge of the S. B. O. A. Coming to the United States when a youth of eighteen, he wisely utilized the opportunities afforded in a land unhampered by caste or class and has worked his way steadily upward to a position of pros perity and leadership in his community. JOHN LAWRENCE HARPER. Business interests bring John Lawrence Harper many times to Spokane and have made him a familiar figure among capitalists and leading citizens here. He is manager of the Republic Mines Corporation, the company having its office in the Old National Bank building of Spokane. Washington numbers him among her native sons, his birth having occurred in Goldendale, Klickitat county, August 23, 1873, his parents being Martin V. and Margaret (Johnson) Harper, both of whom are still living. They were pioneers of the northwest, having crossed the plains in 1852 when still in the childhood period of life. The Harper and Johnson fam ilies established homes in the vicinity of Olympia and there the youthful days of the parents of John L. Harper were largely passed. His father afterward became a prominent factor in' public life and twice represented his district in the territorial legislature. While thus serving he aided in organizing Franklin county, being the leader of the delegation having that object in view. For a long period he was successfully engaged in mining and other frontier pursuits but for the past few years has lived retired — one of the honored pioneer citizens of the state. John L. Harper pursued his education in the public schools of Goldendale and Yakima and in the "College of Hard Knocks," as he expresses it. He was only fourteen years of age when he began earning his own livelihood. He was very young to shoulder the burdens and responsibilities of life and the lessons which he learned in the school of experience were often difficult ones, but ultimately they were mastered and have since been used to his advantage. He served an apprentice ship in a printing office at Yakima and later as a journeyman printer traveled J. L. HARPER SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 511 through western Idaho and Washington and at times conducted newspapers in Oakesdale, Rosalia and Bellingham, Washington. His rise in journalistic circles was but a forecast of what was to come to him in later years in other fields. After seven years' connection with the newspaper business he became actively engaged in mining and since that time has operated largely in Ferry county, although he spent one year in Alaska and has mined all through this section of the United States. He is now the controlling factor in the Republic Mines Corporation, being gen eral manager of the company, which operates the largest mine in the state. He is also general manager of the North Washington Power & Reduction Company and of both companies serves as a director and as chairman of the executive board. He likewise has several other mining interests and, moreover, is vice president and one of the directors of the Ferry County State Bank at Republic. On the 24th of November, 1896, Mr. Harper was married to Miss Anderson, the only daughter of D. E. Anderson, who was one of the pioneer residents of Whit man county, coming to the northwest from Kansas. He afterward represented that county in the state legislature and is well known by reason of his active support of the wheat-rate legislation secured under the name of the Anderson bill. He was likewise a Civil war veteran. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Harper have been born two children, Lawrence Anderson and Evelyn Ora, the elder now five years of age, while the little daughter is in her second year. Mr. Harper gives his political allegiance to the liberal wing of the democratic party and as representative from Ferry county in 1905 was one of the lone democrats in the state legislature during that session. He is interested in the vital questions and problems of the day and keeps well informed on all that per tains to general improvement. At the same time he most capably manages important business interests and is now recognized as one of the leading mining men of the Inland Empire. MARIS E. LEWIS. Maris E. Lewis, vice president of C. & M. E. Lewis Company and of the First Trust & Savings Bank of Moscow, Idaho, is one of the enterprising and promi nent business men of the city, of which he has been a resident for the past seven years. His birth occurred in Iowa in 1861, his parents being Charles and Jane (Pierce) Lewis. The father was engaged in the real-estate business in Orange City, Iowa, until 1902, when he came to Moscow, Idaho, where he continues to be identified with the same business, but now resides in Pasadena, California. In the acquirement of his education Maris E. Lewis attended the public schools of his native state and the State Agricultural College at Ames, Iowa, leaving the latter institution in the year of 1879. After leaving college he returned to Orange City and began his business career in his father's office. He continued to be identified with this enterprise for twenty-five years, at the expiration of which period, in 1904, he came to Moscow and organized the corporation of C. & M. E. Lewis Company, with Charles Lewis, president; M. E. Lewis, vice president; and E. G. Lewis, secretary. He continues to be identified with this company in the same official capacity, and he is also vice president and a member of the board Vol. m— 26 512 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE of directors of the First Trust & Savings Bank of Moscow. Mr. Lewis is recog nized as one of the leading real-estate dealers and business men of the county. He possesses much foresight and perspicacity and directs his undertakings with intelligence, concentrating his energies upon the attainment of a definite end. At Orange City, Iowa, in 1885, Mr. Lewis was united in marriage to Miss Henrietta Van de Steeg, a daughter of Gerrit Van de Steeg, one of the pioneers of northwestern Iowa. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Lewis as follows: Howard K., who graduated from the Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1910, and is now an ensign in the United States navy; E. G., who is secretary of the C. & M. E. Lewis Company; Carl P. and Charlotte, students at the State University of Idaho; and Maris V., who is attending the public schools. During the entire period of his residence in Moscow, Mr. Lewis has taken an active interest in all political affairs, giving his support to the republican party. He was state senator from Latah county in 1905 and 1906, and during that pe riod was appointed by the legislature to serve on the state wagon road commis sion, the other two members of this body being Governor Gooding and Joseph W. Wheeler. They expended one hundred thousand dollars in improving the roads in the mining districts, which has undoubtedly been of material assistance in pro moting the development of the state. Mr. Lewis is very public-spirited and takes much interest in everything that will promote the welfare or development of the citizens not only of his immediate community but of the entire state. In April, 1906, he was appointed by Governor Gooding president of the board of regents of the State University for a period of two years. At the expiration of that time, in 1908, he was reappointed by Governor Brady for a six-year term, but he re signed on July 10, 1911, as the exactions of his private interests precluded the possibility of his creditably discharging the duties connected with the office. Fra ternally, he is affiliated with Paradise Lodge, No. 17, A. F. & A. M., of Moscow, and Moscow Lodge, No. 249, B. P. O. E. He is likewise a member of the Cham ber of Commerce of Spokane and of the Inland Club of that city. His enter prise and initiative as well as his executive ability would place Mr. Lewis among the foremost citizens of any community, as he is one of those who never shirk the responsibilities of citizenship, but always find the time and opportunity to fulfill every duty. JOHN HOUSER. With the passing of John Houser at Pataha, Washington, on the 30th of April, 1911, the Inland Empire lost one of its most honored and representative citizens. He was not only a pioneer settler of this part of the state but was also the manu facturer of the first patent flour in America and for forty-five years was closely identified with milling interests in eastern Washington. He left a deep impress upon the community in which he lived by reason of his business activity and his ster ling personal worth, and with the pioneer development of this section he was closely identified. His birth occurred at Jagstzell, Wiirtemberg, Germany, March 12, 1829. His father owned a small flour mill and the boy learned his trade in his native country. The mother died early and the son, seeking his fortune, wandered to SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 513 America. He sought a sister in New York but failed to find her and wandered on to Chicago, which was then a little muddy village on the ' middle west frontier. He suffered from ague there and started southward, sick and homeless, searching for fellow countrymen who would take care of him until he was able to work and then give him a chance to make a living in the new land. It was an unpromising beginning but it led to a manhood of stirring and useful life in the northwest. He was employed in various towns in the Mississippi valley until 1854, when he joined a party bound for the California gold fields. They met the usual hardships and experiences of travel across the plains in those days and at length arrived at Salt Lake City, where they were advised to tarry until the hostilities of the Indians had somewhat subsided. A party of thirty-three, however, decided to go on and near the Humboldt river they met other emigrants who were fleeing from the In dians on foot. They had been attacked by a band of four hundred and advised retreat to Salt Lake. They were then one hundred and fifty miles from that point and lacked supplies and the captain of the party said he thought he could get them through, so that they voted to go forward. They reached the river and the captain said if they could make a place known as Stony Point they would be safe from at tack. Traveling all night, against the captain's protest they then stopped to eat and rest. Mr. Houser was placed on guard and soon saw signs of approaching Indians, who were coming from the hills in all directions. The party hitched up and started for Stony Point, intending to make a running fight. The captain gave the command not to shoot until he said the word. The Indians came within thirty steps, shooting the horses with arrows. At length the captain said: "Boys, take your revolvers and don't waste a shot." The fighting continued for more than half an hour and hundreds of Indians — men, women and children — were killed, while of the white men ten or fifteen were wounded. As the party struggled on to the coveted point the Indians set fire to the high brush and grass. They tried to backfire but the wind turned so that they, too, suffered destruction. Speaking of this part of the experience, Mr. Houser said: "My clothes caught on fire and people began to disappear. The fire was burning on both sides of the road and my horse wouldn't go. The fire and smoke was awful and the road just like an arch. The fire came together on top. I could see some of the men through this arch. I ran through and my clothes and hat were burning. The captain told me to roll in the sand and that put it out, but my face and hands were blistered. When the fire died out a little bit we found thirteen of us left out of thirty-three. We had no water and we couldn't get to the river. Our tongues were swelled up so we could not move them. We traveled about a quarter of a mile and came to a place where there had been a spring. We had not a single cracker to eat and were about one hundred and fifty miles from any place. The captain said all we could do was travel and if the Indians caught us they would kill us, for we had no more ammunition." Subsisting on the roots of grasses along the way and at times drink ing a little alkali water, for there was none else, they proceeded as best they could and on the fifth night after the fight Mr. Houser saw a light. Three or four of his companions had reached there before him. The trader who occupied the building told the men to stay outside and rest till morning. He kept them outside as long as he could and then would give them only a little stimulant. After resting for a while they started to look for something to eat and made their way into the kitchen, where the trader was making a big kettle of soup. He gave to each a small 514 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE cupful' but they could scarcely swallow. Finally the trader told them that if he gave them anything more after their long fast, until the next day, they would all be dead 'in two hours. That night others of the party came straggling in and finally the last of the thirteen survivors of the party was brought in by searchers. After recuperating for a few days they went on into the Carson valley, where they were received by the miners and given food and clothing, there resting the greater part of the year to regain their strength from their severe experiences. Mr. Houser worked in the California gold fields until 1858, when he went to a new camp near the Fraser river. There he made a fortune in the mines but lost it, and in 1866 he left the mines to spend the winter at Colville, Stevens county, Washington. L. W. Meyers had just taken over the old Hudson Bay flour mill, which at that time was little more than a pair of burrs, which made Indian flour or simply coarse meal. Mr. Meyers learned that Mr. Houser was a practical miller and en gaged him and after remodeling the mill with the aid of Mr. Meyers, who was an excellent cabinet maker and a man of good mechanical ability, Mr. Houser there manufactured the first patent flour and farina ever made in the United States. The next summer he returned to the mines but in the winter of 1867 again went to Col ville. Upon his return Samuel and Joseph Oppenheimer, who had just acquired the Pend d'Oreille mill and had heard of Mr. Houser's work at the Meyers mill, en gaged him to remodel their mill, which he did. He then manufactured farina and patent flour in that mill, the product being exhibited at Salem during the Oregon state fair, on which occasion he was awarded the first premium. They also shipped farina overland to Walla Walla and to the firm of Allen & Lewis in Portland, from the Oppenheimer mill. Fort Sherman, at Coeur d'Alene, which had hitherto obtained its flour from the Oregon Valley mills, was also supplied from this point. In the early '70s Mr. Houser returned on a visit to his old home in Germany and was there married to Miss Marie Reiniger, at Stuttgart. They returned to Col ville and remained there until 1879, when Mr. Houser bought the flour mill at Pataha, where he resided for thirty-two years. From the time he came down from the mines in 1866 until his death forty-five years later he was exclusively engaged in the flour milling business and was probably the foremost pioneer miller of the northwest. Whether he was remodeling the crude mills in the Colville valley or operating his mill at Pataha, in Garfield county, he was always endeavoring to make a superior grade of flour, and at Pataha, for over thirty years, manufactured a special flour for the baker trade of San Francisco. Even today his trademark is so well known in that city that the flour commands a premium. Mr. Post, of Post Falls, wanted him to locate on the Spokane river, but this section was not considered wheat country then, so he went farther south. He continued in the flour milling business up to the time of his death and his success increased year by year. Four children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Houser: M. H., who is living in Portland; Mrs. Ross R. Brattain, of Spokane; Bertha M. and William J., both of Pataha. The wife and mother died at St. Helena, California, December 20, 1908, and Mr. Houser passed away at Pataha, April 30, 1911. He was then eighty-two years of age. His white hair gave him a most venerable appearance and his face indicated something of the struggles in which he had participated, and yet through all he maintained a kindly spirit and came off conqueror in the battle of life. He was indeed closely associated with the upbuilding and develop- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 515 ment of the Inland Empire, especially along his chosen line of business, in which connection he ever maintained the highest standards. Not to record the history of John Houser would be to make but an incomplete record of the Inland Em pire and its development. C. G. CORYELL REATH. C. G.. Coryell Reath is president of the Independent Rapid Transfer Company, in which connection he is engaged in a general transfer and storage business. He was born in Coquille, Oregon, March 23, 1877, and in both the paternal and ma ternal lines is of Danish and German descent. His father was born in New York, April 16, 1828, and in April, 1847, started from Wisconsin, coming to Fort Hall in Oregon territory, where the immigration train of which he was a member sep arated. One portion of the train went south while the division to which Mr. Reath belonged came on to Oregon through the Klamath Lake country and up to Rogue river near Grants Pass, then north through the Umpqua valley and across the California mountains, arriving at Eugene on the 25th of October, 1847. The only resident of that place was Eugene Skinner, who at that time was settled on his donation claim where the city of Eugene now stands. The following year Mr. Reath made his way to California and in 1849 engaged in freighting over the route from Sacramento, north to the mines. In 1851 he returned to Oregon and located on his donation claim four miles southeast of Eugene, at what was then known as Coryell Point. He was a member of Company E, Volunteer Cavalry, under Cap tain Stephen Rigdon, during the early '60s, and was at Salem, Oregon, in 1864 with the same company. He married Mary Caroline Miller, who was born in Iowa, August 24, 1844. In 1862 she crossed the plains with her people, who, after arriving at Portland, Oregon, made their way up the Willamette valley, lo cating six miles southwest of Lebanon, Oregon. Mr. and Mrs. Reath were mar ried in 1872, near the town of Sweet Home, Oregon, and afterward removed to Coquille, Oregon, where C. G. C. Reath was born. In 1882 they came to Viola, Idaho, where the father conducted a blacksmith shop until 1888. The death of the mother occurred August 15, 1908, while the father passed away May 10, 1909. In the common schools Clyde George Coryell Reath laid the foundation of his education and when but twelve years of age became a newsboy of Portland, selling the Oregonian and the Telegram, then, as now, two of the leading papers of the city. He also sold the old Mercury and Sunday Welcome. When thirteen years of age he entered the Postal Telegraph service at Portland and worked in every department, serving successively as messenger, clerk, bookkeeper, lineman, operator and chief operator until January, 1908, when he severed his connection with the company. He came to Spokane for the company in 1899 and worked for them until January, 1908, when he organized the Independent Messenger Company. Subsequently he extended the scope of his business by the establishment of a transfer and storage department and later he disposed of the messenger service. He is now at the head of the Independent Rapid Transfer Company, in the con duct of a general transfer and storage business and also as general managing agent. The company is incorporated for twenty thousand dollars and in 1910 516 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE his father-in-law, J. B. Gilbert, purchased an interest and became secretary- treasurer. On the 17th of September, 1902, at Rockford, Washington, Mr. Reath was united in marriage to Miss Elva Gilbert, and they have two children, Donald and Nadine. They attend the Methodist church and Mr. Reath belongs to the Wood men of the World. He is also the secretary of the Spokane Warehouse and Truck men's Association. His political support is given to the republican party, yet he is not an active worker in its ranks. For three years, while a resident of Portland, he served as a member of Battery A of the First Regiment of the Oregon National Guard. His attention, however, is chiefly concentrated upon his business affairs, which are of growing importance. Aside from the transfer and storage business he is interested in an irrigation tract east of Spokane as well as in a timber tract near Loon Lake, Washington. J. H. TILSLEY. In the period of early manhood J. H. Tilsley became a resident of Spokane and in the years which have since come and gone has borne an important part in the work of progress and development here, his real-estate operations contributing in large measure to the growth and improvement of the city. Moreover, he has studied conditions of the northwest, has learned to recognize its possibilities and cast the weight of his influence on the side of advancement in all those lines that work for the permanent good of the Inland Empire. Mr. Tilsley is a native of Newport, Kentucky, and he came from Greeley, Colo rado, to Spokane. The conditions which confronted him here in that early period ere law and order had fully replaced the elements of lawlessness which are always a feature in a new community were astounding to the young man, for Greeley was a temperance town and possessed of those forces which work for municipal advantage. However, the young man held himself aloof from all those influences and activities that do not contribute to the best in manhood and citizenship and bent his energies to the performance of his duties as manager of the American District Telegraph Company. He entered upon this position without previous experience in that line but close application and determined purpose enabled him readily to master the tasks entrusted to him and although at different times in his life he has met diffi culties, hardships and almost unsurmountable obstacles, he has nevertheless per severed and his indefatigable energy and industry have at length brought him to a prominent position in real-estate and insurance circles. In both departments of his business he has been accorded a large clientage. He is now especially interested in handling Greene's addition to Spokane, which he placed on the market in 1908. This is located on the north hill west of Monroe street and through his real-estate activities there many fine homes have been erected in that district, which has been converted into one of the attractive residence sections of the city. The greater part of the addition has already been sold and Mr. Tilsley has been equally success ful in his real-estate estate operations elsewhere. In his political views Mr. Tilsley is a republican and for one term served as deputy county treasurer under A. L. Smith. While he keeps well informed on the J. H. TILSLEY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 519 vital questions and issues of the day he has never sought political honors, preferring to concentrate his efforts upon his business affairs, which are of constantly growing volume and importance. He is a stalwart advocate and supporter, however, of all movements that tend to promote public progress in this section of the country. He has aided in many of the leading projects that have made Spokane a city and has by his honesty of purpose made a host of friends in all walks of life. He can be found in every movement that has for its object the advancement of the city, yet his work is always done in a quiet and unassuming way. He never falters, however, until his purpose is accomplished and Spokane has benefited by the improvements instituted. JOHN PETERS. A life of wisely directed activity generally yields gratifying returns and the experience of John Peters has been in accordance with the rule indicated. A ca pable, energetic and successful business man, he has added to his reputation by his intelligent and judicious administration of the affairs of the State Bank of Spangle. He is prominent in the public life of the community and his efforts partake of a practical nature that makes him one of the honored residents of Spokane county. Born in Clinton county, Iowa, June 25, 1868, he is a son of John and Katherine (Jacobs) Peters, the former of whom died in 1898 and the latter in 1904. The father was a soldier in the Civil war and served in Company I, Tenth Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry, participating in a number of im portant battles and also in the march of Sherman to the sea. John Peters received his early education in the public schools of Iowa. At the age of ten years he removed with his parents to Washington and attended the common schools for four years, pursuing his studies for the next two years under private teachers. At the age of sixteen he began working in sawmills and five years later secured employment on a steamboat on the lower Columbia river. In 1889 he came .to Spangle and applied himself to farming with very gratifying results for about fifteen years. He then entered the grain business with which he has since been continuously connected. He is the owner of one hundred and sixty acres of good land near Spangle, which he purchased in 1894, and also owns a lumber claim of one hundred and sixty acres in Stevens county. In 1905 he organized the Bank of Spangle, which became the State Bank the year following. He has been president of this institution ever since it was founded and as the bank is conducted upon safe and conservative principles, it commands the entire confidence of the people throughout the region tributary to Spangle. On the 28th of February, 1896, Mr. Peters was married at Fairfield, Washing ton, to Miss Katherine Jurgens, a daughter of Claus and Katherine Jurgens, and to this union four children have been born, Albert, Louis, Gertrude and Frederick. Mr. and Mrs. Peters are consistent members of the Lutheran church, in which faith they are rearing their children. Mr. Peters has adhered to the democratic party ever since he cast his first ballot and has served as delegate to several county conventions. Fraternally he is identified with the Odd Fellows and the Woodmen of the World. He has passed through the chairs of the latter organization and 52o SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE now holds the title of past counsel commander. In his affiliation with the I. 0. O. F. he has been very prominent, is a member of the Encampment and has been a delegate to the Grand Lodge. He has never been afraid of work and as he has promptly recognized business opportunities and has not hesitated to act upon his own judgment, his advancement has from the start been almost inevitable. It is men of this class who win the rewards of life and set an example that is of inesti mable value in encouraging others to renewed effort. MARSHALL W. TEEPLE. Marshall W. Teeple, distributor for the Centennial Milling Co., has been a resident of Stevens county since 1899, during which period he has freely con tributed both his time and services in promoting its development. He is a native of Canada, his birth having occurred in Woodstock, Province of Ontario, on Feb ruary 9, 1845. His parents were L. C. and Mary G. (Tisdale) Teeple, both of whom are now deceased, the father having passed away in 1858 and the mother in 1874. His paternal grandfather was one of the pioneer settlers of Brock county, Ontario, of which he had the distinction of being the first magistrate. He also erected and operated the first grist mill in the county. The boyhood and youth of Marshall W. Teeple were spent in his native town, where he was also educated, his school days terminating when he reached the age of fifteen years. He then applied himself to learning the millwright's trade, which he followed in Woodstock until 1863, going from there to Michigan. He subsequently removed to Pennsylvania, but later located in Chicago where he engaged in the lumber business until 1874. His next removal was to Muskegon. Michigan, and there for thirteen years he devoted his entire time and attention to the manufacture of lumber. In 1887 he went south and during the succeeding two years he followed his trade at various points between southern Missouri and the Gulf of Mexico. He came west in 1889, locating in Spokane, where he fol lowed his trade for two years, during which period he installed the machinery in the Central Planing Mill of that city. From there he went to Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, where he engaged in millwright work from 1891 to 1899. Withdrawing from mechanical pursuits at the end of that period he came to Meyers Falls, Washington, and purchased sixty acres of land which he devoted to fruit culture until 1905 when he sold his ranch and moved to town. Soon thereafter Mr. Teeple assumed the duties of his present position and has ever since been identified with the same. Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, was the scene of Mr. Teeple's marriage on the 8th of February, 1869, to Miss Olive Bennett, a daughter of Thompson Bennett of that city. Three children have been born of this union : L. C, who married Emma McMahon; Grace, the wife of F. A. Empey, of Spokane; and Charles B., whose death occurred in 1892. Both Mr. and Mrs. Teeple are active members of the Congregational church of Meyers Falls and take an earnest interest in the work of its various depart ments. He rendered much valuable service when they were constructing their present church edifice and is now treasurer of the board of trustees. Fraternally SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 521 Mr. Teeple is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and belongs to the Grand Lodge of Washington. He is one of the oldest members in the state, having been identified with the order for over forty years. His political support he accords to the men and measures of the republican party, and during his residence in Muskegon, Michigan, he served for four years as a member of the board of city aldermen. Ever since locating in Stevens county Mr. Teeple has taken an active interest in promoting its development. He assisted in organizing the Stevens County Fruit Growers' Association, and he was also one of those who founded the Fair Association of Colville and was its first president. He assisted in its reorganization and for three years thereafter acted as president of the Stevens County Producers' Association. It is the purpose of this association to advertise the county and its resources, thus a fair is held annually and exhibitions have been sent to Spokane, St. Louis and to the Chicago land show. He takes an en thusiastic interest in the work of the commercial clubs and in 1910 used his in fluence to bring about the federation of those in the county, realizing that better results would be obtained with less expenditure of both time and money by cen tralizing their efforts. Mr. Teeple has the most unbounded faith in the agricultural and industrial development of this section of the state, believing that its possibili ties have as yet scarcely been discovered, and on every possible occasion is untir ing in his efforts to promote its future. CORNELIUS O. VAUGHN. Cornelius O. Vaughn, who is a resident of Medical Lake, was born in Cald well county, Missouri, April 27, 1866, his parents being John C. and Frances (Butt) Vaughn, the former having died in 1901. He acquired his education in the public schools of Missouri which he attended until he was sixteen years of age. At that time he was employed on a farm in his native state, but two years subsequently he removed to Kansas City, where he learned ¦ the carpentering and plastering trades. After having been occupied in these trades for three years he went to Spokane and followed the same pursuits there. Subse quently he traveled all through the Spokane country for several years, accepting employment both as carpenter and plasterer until he located permanently at Med ical Lake and was engaged by the state for employment at the hospital for the insane. He is an efficient and careful workman and the state is fully cognizant of the fact that they have in their employ a man whose duties are his first con sideration. Mr. Vaughn was married at Medical Lake, December 24, 1893, to Laura Bell Harrison, the daughter of Andrew and Susan Harrison. The father was at one time a member of the state legislature and was active in the political circles of his community. Mrs. Cornelius Vaughn's death occurred November 24, 1908. To this union two children were born, Cornelius A. and Verena Rose. On October 4, 1911, Mr. Vaughn was married to Miss Alma Perl King, only daughter of Mrs. Kate Green, of Cheney, Washington. In politics Mr. Vaughn gives his allegiance to the men and measures of the democratic party. Fraternally he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and is a past grand in that order. His prominence in the lodge is at- 522 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE tested by the fact that he was a representative to the grand lodge in Seattle in 1906. He is looked upon as one of the old residents of Medical Lake. In addi tion to his trade he has interested himself in the Medical Lake Telephone Com pany, an organization which looks to him for advice and able management. His life shows what may be accomplished where persistency and industry are the prime characteristics, and today he is recognized as one of the leaders in his trade and one of the worthy citizens of the community. FRANK L. SMITH. Frank L. Smith is known to the business world through his mining interests, for he is now closely associated with the development of the rich coal deposits of Brit ish Columbia, operating extensively along modern lines. Judged only from a busi ness standpoint, his life work would be considered of worth in this connection, but his activities have been of far wider range in his efforts to uplift humanity and bring into the lives of his fellowmen those higher ideals which result in the develop ment of individual character. His life has come into close and beneficial contact with many others, as he has labored not only in this country and in our insular possessions but also in Great Britain for the benefit of his fellowmen in the dissemina tion of those truths which are a higher and holier force in the world. He was born in New York city, February 18, 1848. His ancestral history can be traced back to the Cromwellian period, for the family are descended from Lord Stephen Smith, who was a member of Cromwell's parliament. His father, Elias Smith, was born in Providence, Rhode Island, and died about 1891. He was recog nized as a very prominent war correspondent and newspaper man of New York and was associated with Horace Greeley in journalistic enterprises. He became one of the famous newspaper correspondents at the time of the Civil war and was held in high regard by the- press of New York city, the chief journalists of the metropo lis giving him the credit of being a real historian of that great conflict. He served on the staff of General Burnside and came into close touch with the events that con stituted the real history of the civil strife. He scored many "scoops" as corres pondent during the days of the war, and the first news which the war department had of the fall of Vicksburg was a dispatch which Elias Smith sent. He practically gave all of his life to newspaper work and was city editor of the New York Times. He was an intimate friend of Henry Ward Beecher and knew many of the leading journalists and distinguished men of the day. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Sarah R. Miller, is of English lineage and a descendant of Roger Williams, the first governor of Rhode Island. Her father was the founder of the Providence Journal and was a prominent political leader. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Elias Smith were three sons: Frank L. ; E. C, who is now engaged in mining in Mexico ; and Alva M., who is a newspaper man of the south. Frank L. Smith pursued his education in the public schools and in Fairchild's Academy at Flushing, Long Island. He was still a youth in his teens' when he did active duty as a member of the Fifty-sixth Regiment of Volunteers of the New York National Guard during the riots at the docks. He entered business life as a F. L. SMITH SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 525 commercial traveler in the employ of an uncle and afterward was engaged in busi ness in Galveston, Texas, until 1867. While there residing he was married, in May, 1866, to Miss Charlotte Higgins, of Keyport, New Jersey, a daughter of Charles Higgins, one of the most prominent men of that district, who at that time owned all the stage routes out of Freehold. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Smith have been born seven children, of whom four are yet living: Edward W., a resident of San Francisco; Ernest, who is living in Sebastopol, California; Judson, a pharmacist of Spokane; and Lottie M., the wife of Rev. Alfred Lockwood, who for five years was the predecessor of Dean Hicks of All Saints cathedral and is now rector of the church at North Yakima. On leaving Galveston, Mr. Smith went to Bloomington, Illinois, where he was connected with the railroad service until 1874, when he was made assistant treasurer of the Indianapolis, Bloomington & Western Railroad, now a branch of the Big Four. He won advancement from the position of office clerk to assistant treasurer in the general office and remained with the road until it changed hands. Becoming deeply interested in religious work, he afterward spent a number of years in im portant positions in connection with the Young Men's Christian Association. He was also engaged in evangelistic work and held missions not only all over the United States but also in England, Scotland and Ireland, conducting a very interesting campaign in behalf of moral progress on the other side of the water. The meet ings which he held were all by invitation, for his reputation spread and he became known as an earnest, zealous worker in his church. He continued in the evangelistic field until the Spanish war, when he conducted Christian work among the camps of the south, at Camp Lee, Jacksonville, and at Savannah. He afterward continued his labors in this connection on the island of Porto Rico and assisted General Henry in distributing relief. He instituted his religious work in Porto Rico at the time the troops were first sent to San Juan, conducting this labor under the auspices of the international committee of the Young Men's Christian Association. He afterward took part in instituting similar work among the United States sailors but eventually removed to the northwest. Here he has been connected with a number of important business enterprises and is now secretary-treasurer of the Boundary Mining & Ex ploration Company, Limited, of which Dr. C. M. Kingston is the president and S. J. Miller, vice president. In addition to the officers, F. H. Knight and A. H. Noyes are members' of the board of directors. The object of this company is to develop the coal properties of Midway, British Columbia, consisting of crown- granted property of six hundred acres and other tracts. They have over one thou sand feet in tunnels and drifts and shafts, and several hundred feet of the mines have been developed. They are now beginning to sink a developing shaft to strike two veins of coal, one to be reached at a depth of one hundred and ten feet and the other of one hundred and seventy feet. They have several well defined veins in tunnel, five feet in width. Their coal is of the bituminous kind and they are now prospecting for semi-anthracite. This is a good blacksmith coal and took first prize at the Interstate Fair. The work of development is being vigorously prosecuted and the company will make its initial shipments in 1912. They have two lines of railroad over the property, the Canadian Pacific and the Great Northern, affording them remarkably good shipping facilities. While Mr. Smith is proving his worth as an enterprising, progressive business man, capable and determined, he at the same time continues his labors in behalf of 526 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE moral progress and as an evangelist has held missions in every state of the Union except Wyoming and Nevada, working largely along undenominational lines. He has served as state evangelist for the Congregational church of California. At Ellensburg he joined the Episcopal church, was confirmed, worked as a layman under Bishop Wells and conducted services as a layman. During 1908 he was called to the management of the Ondarra Inn in Spokane, an institution for the help of the unemployed, and succeeded in making this great work self-supporting. A free employment bureau provided work for about eight hundred men each month and thousands of men were sheltered and fed. Religious services were held and lectures given by prominent men. The property was purchased in 1910, by the North Coast Railroad to be used as a union depot and the work discontinued. Rev. W. L. Bull, an episcopal clergyman, was the owner and he, with Right Rev. Lem uel H. Wells, bishop of the diocese, were the instigators and responsible for the work. He is now connected with St. James parish and had charge of the work at St. John's church for one year. He presented a confirmation class of five to the bishop — rather an unusual thing for a layman. His efforts have been a most efficient force for good in the districts where he has labored and the radius of his influence is far reaching. In politics Mr. Smith is an independent republican, while fraternally he is con nected with the Modern Woodmen and the Red Men, being now a trustee of Comanche Tribe. He also belongs to the Inland Club and in connection with Sena tor Poindexter and others organized the Fellowship Club, which has been very active in the discussion of public subjects, thus creating public opinion and largely influencing public work. He has ever regarded life as an opportunity — an oppor tunity for the development of the trifold nature of man — and has therefore labored to bring to the highest perfection possible the physical, mental and moral forces of the world. He has ever reached out in helpful spirit and sympathy toward all mankind and his is one of the natures that sheds around it much of the sunshine of life. MRS. NETTA (GEER) HANLY. Among the pioneer women whose courage has enabled them to face the con ditions of frontier life in the northwest is numbered Mrs. Netta (Geer) Hanly, and when circumstances demanded she displayed business ability and enterprise which would be creditable to any member of the sterner sex. She has always lived upon the Pacific coast, being the daughter of F. W. Geer, who made his way to Oregon in 1842 and secured a donation claim of three hundred and twenty acres. Eventually he became a merchant in Butteville, Oregon, but afterward turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, settling upon his donation claim on the Willamette river. There he engaged quite extensively in raising hops, being the third man to cultivate that crop in the state, and thus promoting an industry which is today one of the chief sources of revenue in the northwest. In his family were three sons: Captain Archie J. Geer, who served as captain on a Columbia river steamboat running from Portland to The Dalles and afterward as captain on a boat at Nome, Alaska, is at present preparing to go to South America to SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 527 command a steamboat on the Amazon river. Dwight Geer is a stockman in the Big Bend country, and Corydon Geer is agent at Portland for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company. He was a member of the Oregon legislature at the same time Mr. Hanly was a representative in the Idaho general assembly. Netta (Geer) Hanly was born in Marion county, Oregon, and her girlhood days brought to her many experiences common to life on the frontier. In early womanhood she gave her hand in marriage to James Wynne, the marriage being celebrated in Butteville in March, 1864. Mr. Wynne was a native of Ireland and had lived for eight or ten years on Peone Prairie, in the territory of Washington, residing there during, the period of Indian warfare. He also filed on a homestead, which he recorded in Vancouver immediately after his marriage, and he and his bride made an overland trip to the claim, a part of which is now covered by the town of Colville. For seven years Mrs. Wynne lived upon that place and never saw the face of one whom she had seen before. She was almost literally cut .off from the ties and interests that bound her to her past. There were only six other white women in that part of the country and for six months at a time she would see no women except half-breeds or squaws. Mr. Wynne devoted his attention to farming and stock-raising and after he proved up on the homestead he took a pre emption claim adjoining it. Later, when Mr. Wynne died, his widow took up a second preemption claim which also adjoined the other property. When the town site of Colville was surveyed in January, 1884, it was made to include forty acres of the homestead and subsequently Mrs. Wynne had six acres surveyed and added to the town as the Spokane addition. Death came to Mr. Wynne suddenly in 1885. He was accidentally killed by boys who were out shooting prairie chickens, being shot on the 5th of December and dying two days later. He had been not only active in the conduct of his business affairs but was also a prominent and influential resident of the community, serving as the first sheriff of Stevens county and also as the second auditor. He likewise held the office of school supervisor and did everything in his power to further the educational progress and material development of his part of the state. His social, genial nature won him popularity, his business integrity gained him honor and confidence and his social qualities won him many friends who deeply regretted his demise. On the 27th of February, 1888, Mrs. Wynne was again married, becoming the wife of John Hanly, who was also a native of Ireland and came to the northwest from Michigan in 1886. His father was interested in the Calumet mines in Mich igan and thus in early life Mr. Hanly's attention was directed to mining interests. Following his arrival in the northwest he became the owner of a mine near Baker City, Oregon, but the Indians burned his mill and concentrator. He then gath ered his miners and volunteers to the number of two hundred and fifty or three hundred and with them engaged in active warfare throughout the Modoc war. While riding he was shot through both legs over the saddle but fully recovered from his wounds. He continued to seek his fortune in mining ventures and built the first concentrator at the Hunter mine in Mullen, Idaho, operating it for five years. At the time of the big strike there he took charge of the Dominion mine and conducted operations at that property for eight years. He became recog nized as one of the foremost representatives of mining interests in that section and yet did not confine his efforts and activities entirely to business pursuits. He 528 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE was interested in all that pertained to public progress and improvement and while a resident of Mullen was elected a member of the first legislature of Idaho. In other ways he also furthered public progress and never faltered in his allegiance to a cause which he believed to be right. On leaving the Dominion mine Mr. Hanly took charge of the Bonanza mine near Bossburg, where he remained for three or four years and then entered the service of J. P. Graves at Summit, British Columbia, having charge of his in terests for about three years. On the expiration of that period he went to San Diego, California, and purchased an orange grove. From that point he went to Mexico and opened a mine for Colonel Turner, employing three hundred Mex icans in its operation. It was while there that he became ill and on the 17th of November, 1902, passed away. After remaining in Mexico for two years following the death of her husband Mrs. Hanly returned to Colville, where she spent eighteen months. She then went back to La Mesa, San Diego county, California, where she resided for six years, at the end of which time she sold her property and returned to Colville, where she now makes her home. She is a lady of excellent business qualifica tions, ready and resourceful. Following the death of her first husband she con ducted the farm herself, employing Indians to plow and cultivate the land. There were times, however, when she could not obtain help and was obliged to run the mower herself. When Mr. Hanly went into the Old Dominion mine she pur chased eighty acres on the hill above Colville and supplied milk and butter to the mine and also kept two four-horse teams, which were engaged in hauling ore. By her first husband Mrs. Hanly had seven children, namely: Ella, the wife of A. Trunnells, of Colville; Richard, a contractor, who is just now engaged in completing contracts at- Yuma, Arizona, and at Portland, Oregon ; Eva, the de ceased wife of William Miller, the present sheriff of Stevens county, Washing ton; Eliza, the wife of William Geitlinger, of Portland, Oregon; Edward, who is raising cattle on a ranch of twenty-five thousand acres in Honduras, Central America; F. James, a laundry proprietor at Colville; and Nellie, the wife of Dr. Philip Austin, a dentist of Portland, Oregon. By her second marriage Mrs. Hanly had two children: John D., who is deputy sheriff of Stevens county; and Wenona T., who is residing in San Diego, California. F. J. WYNNE. F. J. Wynne has become an active representative of industrial interests in Col ville, where he was born January 20, 1882, the son of Mrs. Netta Hanly, of whom mention is made above. The public schools afforded him his educational privileges and in 1901 he went to Prescott, Arizona. After a year there passed he took up mining at Baker City, Oregon, and afterward worked in the smelters at Granby and Northport. In 1903, however, he returned to Colville and purchased a steam laundry at this place, equipping it with modern machinery, and has since been carrying on his business most successfully. When he assumed charge there was one girl employed in the laundry and something of the growth of the business is indicated in the fact that his employes now number thirteen. In 1906 he sold SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 529 an interest in the business to John Wright and in 1908 this interest was purchased by his half-brother, J. D. Hanly. They have since continued together, conduct ing their enterprise under the name of the Colville Steam Laundry, and are now at the head of a profitable and growing business. Their equipment is first class in every particular and the investment represents ten thousand dollars. Mr. Wynne is also interested with his half-brother in the Old Dominion Creamery Company of Colville and owns a ten acre orchard tract adjoining Colville. He is likewise a freeholder of the city. On the 6th of February, 1906, in Colville, Mr. Wynne was united in marriage to Miss Maggie Ryan, a daughter of William Ryan, deceased, of this city. The two children of the marriage are E. Jane and Margaret Rose Wynne. The family are of the Catholic faith, and Mr. Wynne is a republican in his political views. He belongs to the Maccabees and the Royal Highlanders and also to the Col ville Commercial Club, and is an interested factor in all that pertains to the public progress, his support being generously given to every measure which he regards as beneficial to the community at large. JOHN D. HANLY. John D. Hanly is one of the younger business men of Colville but his years do not seem a bar to his progress, as he has already made rapid advancement and is now active in control of important commercial and industrial interests of the town. He was here born November 30, 1888, the son of Mrs. Netta Hanly, and in the public schools of this place and the high school of San Diego, California, he pursued his education. He first worked with the Great Northern engineers on the Victoria, Vancouver & Eastern Line in British Columbia for six months and was afterward with the Nickel Plate mine at Hadley, British Columbia. Sub sequently he secured a position as sampler in the stamp mills and ' later entered the assay office. All of his varied business connections brought him wider experi ence and developed his powers so that his efficiency continued to increase. From British Columbia he went to San Diego, California, where he paid a visit to his mother and thence proceeded to Morenci, Arizona, where he worked for the De troit Mining Company for a year and a half, acting as timekeeper and running the ore trains. He was afterward at Le Cananea, Sonora, Mexico, where he had charge of about one hundred and seventy-five Mexicans. While there he had trouble with the natives, who at two different times tried to run the American miners across the line, attempting to thus tie up the work. They burned the lum beryards and killed five or six Americans. When the first attack was made Mr. Hanly went to the top of a hill, with others, and from there threw dynamite with short fuses among the Mexicans, which stopped further trouble, but about twenty- five of them were killed before they were willing to quit. Later on the Arizona Rangers, the Rurales and about six hundred miners from Bisbee came in to help subdue the Mexicans. From La Cananea Mr. Hanly went to Tucson, Arizona, in 1906 and became a fireman on the Southern Pacific Railroad, traveling between that point and Maricopa for one winter. He then went to San Diego, California, where he 530 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE worked for the Park-Grable Investment Company as foreman and timekeeper for a year. He then proceeded northward to Delta, Idaho, where he became time keeper for a mining company but later returned to Colville, where he purchased a half-interest in the steam laundry conducted by his half-brother, F. J. Wynne. These two gentlemen have also organized the Old Dominion Ice & Creamery Com pany for the establishment of an ice and cold storage plant and expect to erect a building twenty-five by eighty feet. The company is capitalized for twenty-five thousand dollars and its officers are: F. J. Wynne, president; J. A. Rochford, vice president; J. D. Hanly, secretary-treasurer; and W. A. Acorn, manager. Their plant will be ready for operation in April, 1912. While in Morenci Mr. Hanly was a member of the Second Territorial Cavalry Troop of the National Guard of Arizona and after serving for one year was hon orably discharged. He holds membership with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Modern Woodmen of America, and he gives his political allegi ance to the republican party. On the 15th of January, 1911, he was appointed deputy sheriff and is now serving in that office. While in Arizona with the Detroit Mining Company he was field deputy sheriff. He has always been interested in athletics and while in Portland was a member of the Multnomah Athletic Club. He has been captain of football and athletic clubs wherever he has been and put up the first game of football north of Spokane. He is a progressive and enter prising young man, wide-awake and thoroughly alert, who enters heartily into everything which he undertakes and accomplishes that to which he sets his hand. Colville regards him as a valuable addition to her citizenship. M. F. MORIARTY. Probably no one citizen has been more prominent or influential in the com mercial development of Reardan than the late M. F. Moriarty, who had been suc cessfully identified with the business interests of the town for nineteen years at the time of his death and had contributed largely toward the financial success of various local enterprises. He was born in Fillmore county, Minnesota, on the 10th of June, 1857, and was a son of Florenze and Mary (Pierce) Moriarty, both natives of County Kerry, Ireland. The father engaged in railroad contracting in Minnesota during the early years of his residence in this country, but he subse quently turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. Reared in a home of moderate circumstances, M. F. Moriarty was given but meager opportunities for learning during his boyhood and youth, his education be ing confined to the course provided by the district school. On the 20th of May, 1889, he came to the northwest, first locating in Spokane. A few months later he went to Deep Creek, where he remained for about a year. In the fall of 1890 he bought grain for a short time at Mondovi, where by his generosity, his open- hearted and strictly honest business methods he formed lasting friendships among the tillers of the soil. From there he came to Reardan, thereafter making this city his home. At that time he was a grain buyer for the Northern Pacific Elevator Company, but he subsequently left their employ and engaged in the mercantile busi ness in this city. He was a man of tireless energy and applied himself to any thing he undertook with that earnestness of purpose that invariably wins success M. F. MORIARTY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 533 by reason of its unceasing persistence. His undertakings were always character ized by keen discernment and excellent judgment, and he never went into any enter prise, without planning definitely his course of action, carefully considering every possible issue, and as a result he prospered and became known as one of the most capable and efficient business men not only of Reardan but of Lincoln county. In 1899 he became associated with J. K. Smith and others in the Washington Grain & Milling Company, of which firm he was president and manager. This likewise proved to be a very profitable enterprise, owing to the judicious management and sagacity Mr. Moriarty exercised in expanding its interests. In 1902, he and his associates further extended the scope of their activities by purchasing a controll ing interest in the Reardan Exchange Bank of Reardan, of which Mr. Moriarty was president until his death. It is largely due to his capable guidance of its affairs as well as his foresight and discretion that this institution is now numbered among the well established and stable banks of the county. On the 18th of May, 1891, Mr. Moriarty was united in marriage to Miss May Morton, a daughter of Elias and Elizabeth (Van Eman) Morton, natives of Law rence county, Pennsylvania. The father was a shoemaker by trade, but the latter years of his life were entirely devoted to agricultural pursuits. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Moriarty, Ella M. and Francis F., who have not yet completed their education. Mr. Moriarty was a communicant of the Roman Catholic church. His fraternal relations were confined to his membership in the Woodmen of the World and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In politics he was a democrat and had the distinction of being Reardan's first mayor in which capacity he served for two terms, manifesting in the discharge of his public duties the same promptness, un swerving purpose and fidelity to the trust reposed in him that characterized his business transactions. During Cleveland's last administration Mr. Moriarty also served as postmaster. He was a most unusual man and possessed many rare qualities, not least of which was his democratic spirit and sympathetic understanding that made him the friend of all. He was as ready to rejoice over the successes of his friends as to sympathize at their misfortunes and was at all times ready to lend aid to the unfortunate. There passed before his bier a strange assemblage composed of day laborers and bankers, representatives of large business interests and state legislators, and one and all could relate some little incident of an intimate, per sonal nature indicative of this man's greatness of heart and magnanimity. One incident related by a former business associate that illustrates his generous spirit of helpfulness occurred when he was engaged in the grain business. A poor season and hard times had compelled the farmers to dispose of all of their wheat in order to provide their families with the actual necessities of life, so when the planting season came they were without seed. In their need they sought the keeper of the warehouse, and frankly stated their circumstances asking him to extend them credit for the grain they needed to plant their fields. The manager 'laid the matter before Mr. Moriarty, asking what he should do, as the farmers had neither grain nor money and in case of crop failure they might not get their seed back. "Well," he replied, "their families must live even if we never get the seed back; let them have it." This man's life and his successes should prove an inspiration and incentive to every young man, who is struggling for recognition, as he was in every sense of Vol. m— 27 534 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE the word self-made. The limited advantages afforded him in his early years were never permitted to be a hindrance nor an excuse in his struggle to attain the goal, and his leisure moments were wisely and judiciously spent in reading carefully chosen books. He was a lover of art, music and literature and availed himself of every opportunity to extend his knowledge and understanding as well as appre ciation of the best things the world has to offer along these various lines. Mr. Moriarty died on June 28, 1911, and in speaking of him one of the local papers said: "By his death the people of Reardan have lost a companionable friend and citizen, one who exerted a valuable influence in building up the town from its pioneer conditions to the prosperous little city it is today. The entire community has lost a firm and loyal neighbor, and a vacancy is caused which can not be filled." JAMES WESLEY MULHOLLAND. James Wesley Mulholland, former mayor of Waverly, has been identified with the mining and real-estate activities of Washington for more than a decade. He was born in Bethany, Illinois, on the 27th of April, 1869, and is a son of Andrew Jackson and Cynthia A. (Law) Mulholland, who were among the early settlers of Illinois. The father, who has ever championed the cause of freedom, went to the front during the Civil war as a member of the Forty-first Illinois Infantry. James Wesley Mulholland grew to manhood in the town where he was born, attending the public schools in the acquirement of an education until graduated from the high school in 1889. To better qualify himself for the assumption of the responsibilities of life he supplemented his early education by two years of study in the Wesley an University at Bloomington, Illinois. At the expiration of that period he began for himself and being desirous of commencing his career in a country where competition was less keen and the opportunities greater than in the vicinity of his birthplace he came to Washington. Very soon after his arrival he became identified with mining activities and subsequently engaged in the real-estate business also, his efforts ever since having been directed along these lines. He first located in the Coeur d'Alene country, but after remaining there a short time removed to Mount Hope, where he resided for five years, then came to Waverly. Mr. Mulholland has met with a goodly measure of success in his various undertakings and is now interested in the Jack Waite Mining Company and the Silver Lead Mining Company. At Rockford, Washington, on the 28th of July, 1897, Mr. Mulholland was united in marriage to Miss Permelia Sims, a daughter of Benjamin and Susan Sims, and unto them have been born three children, Dale, Morris and Dora. Mr. Mulholland is a worthy exemplar of the Masonic order, having passed through thirty-two degrees of the Scottish rite and being identified with El Katif Shrine at Spokane. He is also an Odd Fellow and has passed through all of the chairs and served as a delegate to the Grand Lodge when convened at Vancouver, this state. His political allegiance Mr. Mulholland gives to the republican party and during the period of his residence here has several times been a delegate to the county conventions, while for several years he represented his ward in the city SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 535 council. He was elected mayor in November, 1909, serving until January 1, 1912. He has ever given much time and attention to promoting the development of both the town and county, by advancing the interests of its different enterprises through his indorsement of every movement designed to forward the various public utilities. F. W. OWEN. F. W. Owen, manager of the department store of M. E. & E. T. Hay at Wilbur, was born in Geneseo, Henry county, Illinois, on October 8, 1878. He is a son of Joe W, and Emma Owen, natives of Illinois, where they were also reared and married. They later removed to Clarence, Iowa, and were also residents of Benton Harbor, Michigan, for a time. The father engaged in the newspaper busi ness until 1900, when he came to Spokane, Washington, and became identified with the Big Bend Land Company. The education of F. W. Owen was obtained in the schools of Clarence, Iowa, and Benton Harbor, Michigan, and also the Commercial College of Onarga, Illi nois, which he attended in 1892. In 1901 he came to Wilbur to assume the posi tion of cashier in the large department store of M. E. & E. T. Hay. He was retained in this capacity for one year,, and during that time he manifested qualities that enabled his employers to recognize that he was adapted to fill a position of greater- trust and responsibility, so they sent him to their branch store at Hart- line, as bookkeeper and manager. Five years later he was recalled to Wilbur and was made manager of the local store January 1, 1908, the duties of which he has discharged most efficiently. On the 1st of January, 1901, Mr. Owen was united in marriage to Miss Jessie Phillips, a daughter of J. G. Phillips, a prominent fruit man of Benton Harbor, Michigan, and they have become the parents of one son, James. The family attend the Presbyterian church of which Mr. Owen is treasurer and he also belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America and the Knights of Pythias. In politics he is a republican, and at the present time is city clerk. He is never remiss in the duties of citizenship, and takes an active interest in all municipal •affairs, and is secretary and an enthusiastic member of the Wilbur Fair Associa tion. Mr. Owen is public-spirited and progressive and can always be depended upon to give his support and cooperation to every movement that will tend to pro mote the welfare of the community. OLIVER WENDELL NEWLON. Oliver Wendell Newlon, cashier of the State Bank of Spangle, was born near Cumberland, Iowa, November 10, 1885, and, although he is a young man and has been identified with important business interests but a few years, he has gained acknowledged standing as highly capable and eminently trustworthy in every rela tion of life. This position he has attained through the practice of principles of honor and rectitude which were early instilled into his mind and from which he has 536 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE never departed. He is a son of Robert B. and Mary (Bright) Newlon. The mother died in 1891, when the son Oliver was six years of age, but the father is still living. Mr. Newlon, Sr., demonstrated his love for the republic by enlisting in the Union army and was a faithful soldier during the Rebellion. In the common schools of Cumberland, Iowa, Oliver W. Newlon received his preliminary education. Later he entered Corning Academy, of Corning, Iowa, and was for two years a student of that institution. In 1903, believing that east ern Washington presented a promising field for a young man desirous of advancing in the world, he came to Spangle and was employed in a mercantile establishment for two summers, attending the Blair Business College at Spokane during the winters. The education along practical business lines which he there secured has been to him of very marked benefit. In February, 1905, having decided to devote his attention to financial affairs, he became connected with the Bank of Spangle as cashier and in 1906, when the institution became a state bank, was elected cashier, a position which he has continuously held to the entire satisfaction of the patrons. He is a member of the board of directors and has displayed an ability which gives bright promise as to his future. On the 20th of January, 1910, Mr. Newlon was married to Miss Violet L. Warbis, a daughter of George and Garnet Warbis, of Spokane, and to this union one child, Hilda May, has been born. Mr. Newlon is a stanch supporter of the principles and candidates of the republican party but not through any desire for public office, as his interest is centered in his family and his business. He is thorough and efficient in whatever he undertakes and possesses the entire confidence of the community and of all with whom he has business or social relations. He is regarded by those who know him best as one who may be relied upon in every emergency to pursue the course that is right and just. Fraternally he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and his religious belief is indicated by membership in the Baptist church. IGNATZ WEIL. Ignatz Weil is one of the those who have been very instrumental in promoting the development of Sandpoint, Idaho, having at all times given his cooperation and indorsement to every progressive movement introduced during the period of his resi dence in the town. He was born in the city of Vienna, Austria, in 1853, where he spent the first eighteen years of his life. Mr. Weil received his education in his native land, where he was also qualified for clerical work, but feeling that he wanted a broader field of activities in 1871 he decided to come to America. Upon his arrival in the United States, he selected the city of San Francisco as his place of residence. There he obtained a position as bookkeeper in a wholesale house, remaining a citizen of the western metropolis until 1882. In the latter year he accepted a position as traveling salesman for a New York city concern, with Helena, Montana, as his headquarters. Having ac cumulated sufficient capital to embark in business for himself and considering that he had had sufficient experience to enable him to successfully conduct an enterprise, in 1891. Mr. Weil came to Sandpoint and engaged in the mercantile business. He SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 537 subsequently withdrew from this, and engaged in the real-estate, insurance and investment business, which has proven to be a very lucrative undertaking. He has acquired extensive holdings in the property of this vicinity and has done much to advance the development of Sandpoint. Mr. Weil is recognized as a man of clear judgment, foresight and rare business sagacity, who possesses the faculty of carrying to a successful issue anything he may undertake. It remains to him to recognize opportunities that are ignored by the great majority and utilize them to his advantage, his powers of organization and his executive ability proving of inestimable value to him in this direction. He has been the United States com missioner of this district since 1900, and when Bonner county was organized seven years later he was appointed auditor, recorder and clerk of the district court. He is a very capable man and possesses the faculty of being able to adapt him self to any position that may arise or to direct his energies to meet any requirement. Mr. Weil was married in 1886 to Miss Irene Henry, of Kentucky. Frater nally Mr. Weil is affiliated with the Masonic order. Both he and his wife are very popular and take a prominent part in the social life of the town, the hos pitality of their beautiful residence being graciously extended to their large circle of friends. GEORGE E. RUMPF. As postmaster of Clayton and also as an intelligent and successful citizen, George E. Rumpf is favorably known. He is a man of independent character who could make his way in the world almost anywhere, and as he possesses a worthy ambition to carry forward to success any undertaking in which he is interested, he has proved highly useful in establishing new enterprises. He was born at Baraboo, Wisconsin, June 14, 1872, a son of Daniel and Henrietta (Simon) Rumpf. The parents settled in Wisconsin and both are now living. The father served as captain of artillery in the Franco-Prussian war and was the first man to pass through the gates of Paris when the city surrendered in 1871. George E. Rumpf possessed good advantages of education in the public and high schools of Baraboo graduating from the latter in 1889. Soon afterward he went to Mankato, Minnesota, where he engaged in business for six months. De siring to see more of the world, he sold out and for three years rode the range for the Horseshoe Bar Cattle Company in Montana. After retiring from the range he served for two years as superintendent of the Montana Stucco Works at Kibbey, Montana, at the same time being interested in mining. Upon leaving Kibbey he traveled through California, Utah and Arizona and spent six months looking for a permanent location. He then visited his old home in Wisconsin, after which he came to Washington and engaged in the mercantile business at Evans until 1907. Once more he returned to Wisconsin and spent six months in that state as traveling representative of a wholesale shoe house. The northwest, however, presented inducements which he could not resist and he came to Stevens county, Washington, and has since made his home at Clayton, filling the position of postmaster and also being engaged in the real-estate and insurance business. He was the organizer and promoter of the Farmers' Cooperative Store at Clayton 538 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE and also projected and built the Big Foot Valley Telephone Company, which is now in successful operation and has proved of great benefit to the region through which its lines extend. He has for a number of years been connected with mining and is interested in the St. James Consolidated Mining Company of Montana and the North Star Mining Company. On the 14th of June, 1905, Mr. Rumpf was married at Colville to Miss Beryl Corbell, a daughter of Francis and Minnie Corbell, and they have two children, Carl and Evelyn. Politically Mr. Rumpf is identified with the republican party and gives his earnest adherence to its principles, believing that they are best adapted to the maintenance of popular government. He is now serving as clerk of the school board at Clayton. He is essentially a business man and in the course of an active life has built up an enviable reputation among his associates, at the same time endearing himself to many friends by his genial, social qualities. He takes a great interest in the promotion of agriculture and is now filling the office of secretary of the Grange. Fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order, being past master of the blue lodge. MRS. GEORGIETTE MURRAY. Mrs. Georgiette Murray has the distinction of being the only woman connected with real-estate operations in Spokane who has an individual business and owns and controls her own office. There are few residents in the northwest who have wider knowledge of property values and of conditions which exist in the real-estate market, and she has negotiated many important property transfers in this part of the northwest. Mrs. Murray is a native of Ohio and a daughter of Adam Kern and Susan B. (Reed) Heinzman, both of whom were natives of Richmond, Virginia. The father was a farmer of German descent and the mother represented an old New England family of English lineage. His death occurred in 1903, while Mrs. Heinzman survived until 1909. In their family were five daughters and three sons : Mrs. Lizzie Dodson, now living in Kirksville, Missouri ; Mrs. Ella M. Shepherd ; Mrs. Sarah Catherine Platz, of Brashear, Missouri ; Mrs. Maude Custard, of Trenton, Missouri; John M., deceased; C. E., living in Kirksville, Missouri; and S. S., of Mexico. The other member of the family is Mrs. Murray, who at the age of seventeen began teaching school, which profession she followed for two years. She com pleted her literary education in the State Normal School of Kirksville, Missouri, and afterward studied osteopathy in the college at that place and practiced for a year in Virginia City, Montana. In 1896 she arrived in Spokane and for thirteen years followed her profession in this city. In 1909, however, she entered the real- estate field, forming a partnership with Miss Beth Sherman under the firm name of Murray & Sherman. Two months later Miss Sherman's brother died and she returned to her home, the dissolution of the firm taking place in May, 1909, since which time Mrs. Murray has been alone. She conducts a general real-estate busi ness but specializes in ranch lands. She was reared on a timothy ranch and her early knowledge has made her an authority on ranches devoted to the cultivation of timothy. Her business activities have led to the transfer of many farms and she MRS. GEORGIETTE MURRAY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 54I has also handled considerable city property. She displays splendid business abil ity, executive force and keen discrimination and is the only woman in Spokane who owns and controls a real-estate office. She likewise has interests in mining prop erties in Idaho and Washington. On the 18th of July, 1896, in Montana, she became the wife of Dr. J. H. Murray, a physician, who is now living retired. They have no children of their own but are rearing an adopted son, Casey Murray. Dr. Murray was born and reared in Boston, Massachusetts, and was educated at Harvard, winning his pro fessional degree there. He was a member of the "Kid Glove Regiment" of Boston. His father was at one time a dry-goods merchant of that city but later turned his attention to railroad interests and was one of the men who built the "Live Stock Line" from Chicago to New York. The mother of Dr. Murray belonged to one of the old families — the Symonds — of Boston. At the age of eighty-four years she came to Spokane and on the return trip paid a visit to the Louisiana Pur chase Exposition at St. Louis, returning home from that point. She died in 1910 at the very venerable age of ninety-four years. She belonged to a family noted for longevity, having a sister who lived to be eighty years of age and another ninety. Dr. Murray is a scholarly gentleman, well versed in his profession, which he practiced successfully for many years. Mrs. Murray holds membership in the Methodist church and gives her political support to the democratic party. She has a wide acquaintance in both social and business circles of the city and is highly esteemed in each connection. Her suc cess in the latter has given her a unique position in real-estate , circles and one of which she has every reason to be proud. FREDERICK CHARLES HENRY BUNDE. Frederick Charles Henry Bunde, probate judge of Bonner county, has been identified with the business interests of Sandpoint, Idaho, for the past eight years. He was born in the province of Pomerania, Germany, on the 12th of December, 1867, and is a son of Frederick and Tina (Schlatz) Bunde. The parents emigrated to the United States with their family in 1879, locating in Grand Rapids, Wisconsin. The first twelve years of his life Frederick Charles Henry Bunde spent in his native land in whose common schools he obtained the greater part of his educa tion, the course therein pursued being supplemented by further study after the family settled in Grand Rapids. When he was little more than a child he laid aside his school books and apprenticed himself to a tailor, following this trade in Grand Rapids, Wisconsin, until 1888; later he removed to various points in Northern Wisconsin and then to the northwest. He first located in Bellingham, Washington, in 1901, where for eighteen months he was engaged in the tailoring business. From there he removed in 1903 to Sandpoint, Idaho, continuing to follow the tailoring business until January 1, 1911, when he withdrew from commercial activities to enter upon the duties of his present office to which he had been elected in November, 1910. On the 18th of July, 1895, Mr. Bunde was united in marriage to Miss Lydia Hastings, a daughter of Orlando Hastings of Tomah, Wisconsin, and they have 542 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE become the parents of two daughters: Ethel, who was born on the 30th of June, 1896; and Frieda, whose birth occurred on July 28, 1907. Mr. Bunde is prominently identified with the independent Order of Odd Fel lows, having passed through all of the chairs of the local lodge, and he is also grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Idaho. He also belongs to the Maccabees, being a member of the hive at Tomahawk, Wisconsin. His political support he gives to the democratic party, considering that their policy is most conducive to good government, and in November, 1910, he was elected to the office of probate judge for Bonner county for a term of two years, beginning his official duties on the first of the following January. Although he has not long been the incumbent of this office in the discharge of his responsibilities Mr. Bunde has displayed the capability and efficiency that characterize the conscientious official, who fully recog nizes and strives to fulfill his obligations to the public. GEORGE W. BISSON. George W. Bisson, who for the past three years has been editing the Wilbur Register, was born in Geneva, Switzerland, May 24, 1874. He is a son of Hypolyte and Minnie Bisson, the father a graduate of the University of Paris. In the paternal line Hypolyte Bisson is a direct descendant of General -Lafayette and had the distinction of being a classmate of Victor Hugo, and a neighbor of Eugene Sue, the author of The Wandering Jew. Together with his wife and family he emigrated to the United States in 1876, locating in Minnesota. He is an electrical engineer and skilled mechanic and during the pioneer days together with his brother operated the steamer Otter on the Minnesota river. They also built and operated the first grist mill at Henderson, Minnesota, where the father now resides. George W. Bisson was educated in the graded and high schools of Hender son, Minnesota, and after being graduated from the latter he learned the printer's trade, which he followed for several years. He subsequently owned the Gibbon Gazette, of Gibbon, Minnesota, but after editing this paper for five years he dis posed of it and came to Washington. He first located in Springdale, where for a time he owned and edited the Record. From there he went to America Falls Idaho, and became associated with J. L. Corey of Vancouver, British Columbia, in editing and managing the Industrial Magazine. The winter of 1906-7 he passed in San Jose, California, but in the spring he returned to Idaho and started the St. Joe Standard at St. Joe. Owing to the state of his health and the adverse conditions he there encountered, he gave this up in the fall and took the foreman- ship of the Wilson Creek World of Wilson Creek, Washington. In the spring of 1908 together with his wife he came to Wilbur to assume the management of the Register, which he has ever since edited. On the 1st of November, 1911, Mr. Bisson extended his interests and took charge of the Walla Walla News, at Walla Walla. At Spokane on the 15th of August, 1905, Mr. Bisson was united in marriage to Miss Julia Matilda Ketchum, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Ketchum, of Springdale, Washington. The father belongs to an old American family and is connected with the same families as George Washington. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 543 Mr. Bisson was confirmed in the Episcopal church and fraternally he is iden tified with the Masonic order and the Odd Fellows. He has always been quite a sportsman and in 1902 was president of the Gibbon Gun Club, and received the medal for high marksmanship in clay pigeon shooting that year. In 1911 he was field captain of the Wilbur Rod and Gun Club, and his percentage was excelled by that of only one other member. In his political views, Mr. Bisson is a republi can but in municipal affairs he votes an independent ticket, giving his support to such men as he deems best adapted to subserve the highest interests of the com munity. CHARLES A. FIEDLER. Charles A. Fiedler, to whom belongs the distinction of having erected the second house in Newport, has extensive realty interests in the town and its immediate vicinity. He was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, on the 20th of April, 1872, his parents being George and Ellen (Hoon) Fiedler, both of whom are now de ceased, the mother having passed away in 1896, and the father in 1910. When Charles A. Fiedler was a little lad his parents removed to Ohio, where he was reared and educated. He completed his preliminary education upon his graduation from the Hubbard high school in 1891. This was later supplemented by two years study in the Case School of Applied Sciences at Cleveland, Ohio. He then laid aside his text-books and sought employment, entering upon his first position with the Standard Oil Company at Oil City, Pennsylvania, where he re mained for five years. At the expiration of that period he came west, locating at Newport, where he continued to look after their interests for a time. As prospect ing appeared to him to offer better opportunities he withdrew from the employ of the Standard Oil Company and began locating and developing mining properties in the Metaline country. In December, 1899, he opened a saloon in Newport, that he successfully conducted for ten years. During that time he made judicious property investments here and began building and selling houses. He also erected the Antler Hotel, which he conducted until 1910, when he disposed of it. He still owns considerable property here, having a number of residences that he rents, and in 1911 he erected a solid concrete, fireproof theater. It is the best equipped and most pretentious building of its kind in the state and affords a seating capacity of four hundred. The building has been so arranged that its capacity can be in creased as the demand grows. In addition to his local interests Mr. Fiedler owns property in Spokane and has made extensive investments in the Coeur d'Alene dis trict. He has also thirteen patented claims in a group of mines in the Parker Mountain district in Pend Oreille county. He is well known in mining circles throughout this part of the country, having been largely interested in promoting developments along this line. Franklin, Pennsylvania, was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Fiedler on July 10, 1897, to Miss Jessie Karnes, a daughter of Henry and Margaret Karnes. On January 10, 1902, one child was born unto Mr. and Mrs. Fiedler, Charles A., Jr., who is now attending school. 544 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Fraternally Mr. Fielder is a Mason, being a past master of the blue lodge; and he is also a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having organized and installed the local lodge of the latter order. His political support he gives to the republican party, but is not an office seeker. Mr. Fiedler is very fond of traveling and a few years ago covered the greater part of the United States and Mexico with an automobile. He is one of the enter prising and progressive citizens of Newport, toward the development of which he has made valuable contributions through his indefatigable efforts to promote its various utilities. HORACE J. EMERY, M. D. Dr. Horace J. Emery, whose laudable ambition to make his service of the ut most possible value in the practice of his profession is indicated in the fact that he again and again returns to the east for special post-graduate work, thus keeping in close touch with the most advanced methods, has resided continuously in Spokane since 1902 and has here specialized in the practice of surgery. He was born in Kingston, Ontario, December 27, 1864, a son of James Emery, who was a pros perous farmer there. His early education was acquired in the public schools of Kingston, supplemented by a course in the normal school at Toronto, Canada. His professional instruction was received at Queen's University, where he won the de grees of M. D. and C. M. in 1885. He afterward pursued a special course in the Post Graduate School of Chicago and located for practice in Charlotte, Michigan, where substantial success awaited him in recognition of his ability and his devotion to his professional duties. He there remained until 1901, when the failing health of his wife caused him to seek for her a change of climate in the west. They re sided for a brief period at Denver, Colorado, and thence went to Vancouver, British Columbia, where she regained her health. In 1902 they came to Spokane, where Dr. Emery at once opened an office. He has since built up a large practice, devot ing his attention mostly to surgical work, his pronounced skill in this field being attested by the consensus of opinion on the part of the public and the profession. He returns often to Chicago for post-graduate work and, studying the methods of eminent members of the profession there, keeps in touch with tfie rapid advance that is being made in surgery. On the 10th of April, 1889, at Jackson, Michigan, Dr. Emery was united in marriage to Miss Lucy Shipman, a daughter of Charles Shipman of that city. Mrs. Emery died in Pomona, California, September 28, 1908. She was a woman of great personal charm and beauty, who took a great interest in club and social life and organized the Woman's Club of Spokane, becoming its first president. She was also very prominent in society and her kindly and charitable nature drew to her a large circle of sincere friends and her early death was deeply regretted by all. She had a sister, Mrs. W. M. Saxton, who is also living in Spokane and is very prominent socially. Dr. Emery is a republican whose political interest is manifest in support of the men and measures of the party at the polls, but he has never sought nor desired political preferment for himself. He has attained high rank in Masonry as a mem- JrM MRS. AND DE. HORACE J. EMEBY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 547 berof Charlotte (Michigan) Lodge, No. 120, F.. & A. M.; Oriental Consistory, No. 2, S. P. R. S.; and El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. He also holds membership with the Knights of Pythias, the Maccabees, the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Chamber of Commerce, but his interest centers in his professional duties and the scientific phase of his work and he keeps in close touch with what is being done in the profession through his membership in the Spokane County Medical Society and the American Medical Association. EDWIN T. CHAPIN. Edwin T. Chapin, who in 1908 organized the E. T. Chapin Company of Sand point, has since acted as president and treasurer of the concern, which is engaged in the manufacture of cedar posts, poles and piling. His birth occurred at Fair mont, Nebraska, on the 3d of February, 1877, his parents being William Henry and Ersula (Norcross) Chapin. His preliminary education was supplemented by a course of study in the University of Nebraska, which institution conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1900. He made his initial step in the busi ness world as an employe of a lumber firm in Omaha, there remaining for five years. On the expiration of that period he came to Sandpoint, Idaho, as sales manager for the Humbird Lumber Company, acting in that capacity for three years. In 1908 he organized the E. T. Chapin Company, which has since been under the direction of the following officers: E. T. Chapin, president and treasurer; A. Kloeckner, secretary; and Dr. G. W. Roberts, of Spokane, vice president. They handle cedar products exclusively, manufacturing cedar posts, poles and piling. The business has enjoyed a steady growth since the beginning and its continued success is assured under the able direction of its chief executive officer. In June, 1907, Mr. Chapin was united in marriage to Miss Mabel Kloeckner, of Spokane, Washington, by whom he has one son, Edwin K. Chapin, whose birth occurred in June, 1909. The Inland Club of Spokane numbers him among its members. GEORGE FRANKLIN STIVERS. George Franklin Stivers, who now resides in Garfield, Whitman county, was for many years a well known minister in the Christian church. He was born in Washington county, Illinois, August 18, 1851, his parents being Elisha and Lydia (Church) Stivers, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Tennessee. His father enlisted in the army during the Mexican war and started for the front but on the arrival of his company at St. Louis word was received that the war was over and peace declared, so the volunteers were mustered out and returned to their homes. His paternal grandfather, William Stivers, was a native of Ken tucky and a fifer in the Mexican war, and his great grandfather on the paternal side served in the War of 1812. His maternal grandfather, John Church, was a native of Tennessee. 548 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE George F. Stivers received his early education in the public schools of Illinois; and when fourteen years of age moved to Missouri, where he continued to attend the public schools. In 1870 he took up the profession of school teaching and for six years taught in the public schools of Putnam county, Missouri. He then went to 'southwestern Texas and was engaged for five years in teaching in one school district in that state. In 1881 he returned to Missouri and taught school during the winter and farmed during the summer until 1883, when he went to Texas, where he entered the ministry of the Christian church. In 1885 he went to Arkansas and in connection with his calling as a minister in the Christian church he engaged in farming. In January, 1889, he came to Washington, locating at Garfield, in Whitman county, where he was pastor of the Christian church until 1904. During that time he was also a pioneer minister, traveling over the country, as Garfield was only a mission at that time, the present church having been built by Mr. Stivers. He was an earnest, forceful speaker and his zeal in behalf of the church and his almost untiring labor for the upbuilding of the different church activities made him a very popular minister, holding revivals and establishing churches in different parts of the country. He conducted many funerals and mar riages, not only for his own church people but for those of other denominations. He was district evangelist for four years and a member of the state church board for three years. In 1901, retiring from active ministry, he entered business life and, seeing the great future of this part of the country, he first bought a half section of land in Adams county. He continued buying and selling tracts of land, aggregating sev eral sections. The success of his business being assured, he returned to Garfield and invested largely in land, since which time he has purchased valuable realty in Spokane and vicinity, in Pasco, Washington, and in Portland, Jefferson, Kla math Falls, and Eugene, Oregon. He purchased land adjoining Garfield and set out an orchard and later bought various orchards surrounding this town. He also has platted two additions to Garfield and has been instrumental in the attraction of new business to the town, notably the flour mill and the electric car line, of which he was one of the five locators. Mr. Stivers gave the initial contribution of five hundred dollars toward the Bible University at Eugene, Oregon, and In various ways has contributed of his means for the furtherance of Christian work, reaching a wider circle than would have been possible had he remained in the pulpit. Mr. Stivers has been three times married. In Missouri, in 1870, he married Miss Clarissa J. Smith, who was born in Illinois, the daughter of William and Nancy Smith. Mrs. Stivers passed away leaving three children: Harvey C, of Tacoma, Washington, who is married and has five children, two sons and three daughters; Clara, who married W. J. Vernon, of Eugene, Oregon, by whom she has three children, a son and two daughters; and Cora, who is the wife of T. E. McCroskey, of Eugene, Oregon, and the mother of two sons. In 1881 Mr. Stivers was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Susan (Smith) Trowbridge, of North, Missouri, who was born in Illinois, the daughter of William and Nancy Smith and a sister of Clarissa J. Smith, the first wife of Mr. Stivers. By this second marriage were born two sons; Thaddeus A., of Garfield, Washington, who is married and has three daughters; and Elijah V., of McMinnville, Oregon, who is also married and has a daughter. After the death of his second wife Mr. Stivers SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 549 was again married, his third union being with Miss Oriana Vernon, whom he wedded in Roseburg, Oregon, July 2, 1907. She is the daughter of Allen C. and Ruth (Wheaton) Vernon, the former a native of Missouri and the latter of Indiana. In politics Mr. Stivers is a prohibitionist, he being at one time nominated by that party for the office of state senator, and later as a candidate for presidential elector in Washington. In 1877 he served as county commissioner of Blanco county, Texas, and for two years was assessor in Putnam county, Missouri. Since resid ing in Garfield he has served one term as a member of the city council. While in the Christian ministry Mr. Stivers was an able man and successful in his calling and since, on turning his attention to business, he has maintained high ideals and has become a power for good in whatever relations he has formed. Essentially a self-made man, he has reason to feel an honest pride in his achievement and in his position as one of the highly honored citizens of Garfield. THOMAS J. KELLY. Thomas J. Kelly, who has been successfully identified with the commercial activities of Newport at various times during the past eighteen years, is one of the well known citizens of Pend Oreille county. During the entire period of his resi dence in the town he has been prominently identified with public affairs, and has three times been called to the highest office of the municipality. His birth oc curred in Filmore county, Minnesota, on March 15, 1863, his parents being Pat rick and Mary (Flynn) Kelly. They were among the pioneers of that state, having located there in 1856, when much of the country in that section was little more than a wilderness and was still infested with the Indians. There the father passed away in 1892, and the mother in 1903. Reared at home in the acquirement of an education Thomas J. Kelly attended the public schools of Preston, Minnesota, laying aside his text-books at the expira tion of his first term in the high school, when he was twenty years of age. Hav ing decided upon a commercial career he thereafter turned his attention to busi ness, devoting his energies to mercantile pursuits. In 1889 he came to the north west and spent the succeeding six months in traveling in Oregon and Washington, looking at the country with the intention of subsequently locating here if he found conditions as they had been represented to him. In the fall of that year he went to Spokane, where for twelve months he conducted a grocery store and then went to Deer Park, where for a time he continued in the same business. He subse quently became associated with his brother in the general mercantile business under the firm name of Kelly Brothers, but terminated this connection at the end of two years. After traveling for four months in Oregon and California seeking a location, he settled in Newport and here in the spring of 1893 he established a general mercantile business. He conducted this most successfully until 1906, when he sold out to the McDonald Mercantile Company and retired from busi ness activities for three years. In 1909 Mr. Kelly bought, back the business from the McDonald Mercantile Company that he has ever since been conducting. He has a very pleasant store, containing a large and carefully assorted stock of goods that he offers at reasonable prices. A man of pleasing personality he always 550 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE accords his patrons the most courteous and careful consideration, feeling that a well satisfied customer is the best medium of advertising. He has met with a goodly measure of success in the conduct of his business and in addition to his other interests is a stockholder in the Elk City mining properties. On the 29th of November, 1892, Mr. Kelly was united in marriage to Miss Mary M. Beard, a daughter of Thomas and Margaret Beard, the event being celebrated at Cheney, Washington. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Kelly there have been born six children: Edward, Ruth, Mary, William, Alice and James, all of whom are attending school. Fraternally Mr. Kelly is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has passed through all of the chairs. He also belongs to the Commercial Club of Newport and his political support he gives to the democratic party. He served as a member of the county board of education for a term of four years and in 1904 and 1906 was put up by his party as candidate for the legislature but was unsuc cessful on account of various adverse conditions. Municipal affairs have always been given much of his attention and he has served as mayor of the town on three dif ferent occasions, while he was a member of the town school board for four terms. He resigned the duties of both offices upon retiring from business, and since re entering commercial life has given his undivided attention to the development of his personal interests. During the long period of his residence in Newport Mr. Kelly has prominently figured in the development of the community, being one of the progressive citizens whose influence has been used in promoting public utilities, his indorsement and cooperation being given to every commendable movement. GEORGE E. CANFIELD. George E. Canfield, attorney at law, was born in Swanton, Ohio, August 21, 1876, a son of Henry C. and Melissa A. (Brailey) Canfield, of that town. His father was a carpenter and builder in early life but afterward turned his atten tion to the occupation of farming. His business activities, however, were inter rupted by his service in the Civil war, for during the progress of hostilities between the north and the south he enlisted in Company H, First Ohio Light Artillery, and was mustered out with the rank of first lieutenant after serving for three years. In his military experience he followed the example of his ancestors, for he came from Revolutionary stock, his grandfather, a native of Vermont, serving in the Continental army during the Revolutionary war. Afterward representa tives of the family settled near Buffalo, New York, from which place Henry C. Canfield and others of the family removed to Ohio about the year 1855. George E. Canfield was educated in the public schools of Delta, Ohio, and in the Tri-State College at Angola, Indiana, completing the literary course with the class of 1900 and the law course with the class of 1902. The west seemed to offer to him greater attractions than the older sections of the country and immediately after his graduation he came to Colfax, Whitman county, Washington, remaining there one year. Removing from that place, he located at Tekoa, where he con tinued in the practice of law until 1907 and then came to Spokane, where he has since followed his profession. While at Colfax he held the office of deputy SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 551 prosecuting attorney of Whitman county. Since that time he has concentrated his time and energies upon his professional duties, which are growing in extent and importance. His name figures in connection with many of the leading cases which have been tried in the courts of this district and his work indicates his thorough familiarity with the law, while his careful analysis of his cases shows clearly his ability to accurately apply the principles of jurisprudence to the points in litigation. On the 10th of July, 1907, Mr. Canfield was married to Miss Marion H. Ames, a daughter of Edgar L. and Ella M. (Hall) Ames, of Minneapolis. They have two children, Katherine E. and Edgar H. Mr. Canfield is affiliated with many fraternal organizations which find in him a loyal representative, in sym pathy with the principles which they advocate. His influence is always cast on the side of that which uplifts the individual and promotes the welfare of the community. JOHN D. SLOCUM. The late John D. Slocum, who for more than twelve years discharged the duties of postmaster in Valley, was one of the pioneers of Stevens county. He was born in Jo Daviess county, Illinois, on the 14th of February, 1844, and was a son of George and Mary (Hurroon) Slocum, who were among the early settlers of Iowa. They are both deceased, the mother having passed away in 1876 and the father in 1901. John D. Slocum was only a child when he accompanied his parents on their removal to Iowa, to whose public schools he was indebted for his education. When the call came for troops to go to the front in the early '60s he donned the blue, enlisting at Council Bluffs, Iowa, November 25, 1861, as a member of Company H, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry. After spending more than three years in the service he was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 24, 1865, following which he located in Council Bluffs, Iowa, and for two years thereafter served an appren ticeship at the painter's trade. He subsequently went to Fremont, Nebraska, where he followed his trade for five years, going from there to Lincoln and en gaging in the same occupation for three years. At the expiration of that period he became a resident of Paola, Kansas, remaining there for eleven years, during which time he worked at his trade. His next removal was to Valley, but during the first two years of his residence in the state he spent the most of his time in Spokane, where he was employed. He was appointed postmaster soon after set tling here and continued to be the incumbent of that office until June, 1910, when, owing to his rapidly failing health he was compelled to retire from active life. His condition did not improve but gradually grew worse and he passed away on the 27th of May, 1911. At Council Bluffs, Iowa, on the 12th of January, 1868, Mr. Slocum was united in marriage to Miss Oliva A. Day, a daughter of Samuel and Jane Day, and unto them were born four children: Ida, who is now Mrs. B. Belknap; Ralph A., who married Elizabeth Craven; Blanche, the wife of F. Weatherwax; and Vernon A. Mr. Slocum was always an ardent republican, giving his unqualified indorse ment to the principles of that party for whose candidates he cast his ballot at every 552 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE election. He always took an active interest in all political matters, particularly those pertaining to the municipality in which he resided. For many years he was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and while residing in Iowa he belonged to the Crocker Brigade. His position as postmaster in Valley brought him into relations with the entire community, among whose citizens he numbered many close friends to whom his death brought deep regret. CHARLES L. GRAVES. Spokane county figures as one of the most attractive, progressive and prosperous sections of the state of Washington, justly claiming a high order of citizenship and superior enterprise which is certain to conserve consecutive development and marked advancement in the material upbuilding of the district. The county has been and is signally favored in the class of men who have controlled its affairs in official ca pacity and in this connection Charles L. Graves deserves representation as one who is most capable and faithful in the discharge of the duties that devolve upon him in an official capacity. On the 8th of November, 1910, he was elected to the office of county engineer, having previously served as deputy. His life record began on the 9th of April, 1878, Somerville, Massachusetts, be ing the place of his nativity. His parents were John A. S. and Fannie A. (Shaw) Graves, the former a native of Marblehead, Massachusetts, and the latter of Boston, Massachusetts. They are now residing in Chicago but Mr. Graves is an employe of the Chesapeake & Ohio R!ailroad of Indiana. The family of which Charles L. Graves is a descendent, has long been established in America. His great-great-grandfather was a lieutenant in the Revolutionary war and his great-grandfather Oliver was a captain in the French and Indian war, after which he was presented with a solid silver service-set by the French government in recognition of his gallantry and meritorious conduct. His grandfather, a contractor of Boston, built the present city hall and also the old public library, formerly on Boyleston street, which site is now occupied by the Colonial Theater. His grandmother, Mrs. Lydia A. (Oliver) Shaw, was one of the first to accept with Charles Russ the Universalist creed. In benevolent work she took active part and was one of the founders of the Old Ladies' Home and the Children's Home in Somerville, to both of which she made most lib eral donations. She is still living and is the oldest member of the Universalist church and also of the Daughters of the Maine Club, which she joined on its or ganization. At the usual age Charles L. Graves became a student in the public schools of his native city, and in 1 894 was graduated from Kents Hill, an excellent school at Read- field, Maine. For a young man, and he is now but thirty-three years of age, he has had an eventful career. He was first employed on a railroad survey from Hutchin son, Kansas, to Ponca City, Oklahoma. For a year and a half he remained in that position and then went to Wardner, Idaho, where he spent one year. He was next employed by the Morrison Mining Company at Greenwood, British Columbia, and afterward by the Atlas Mining Company at Buffalo Hump, Idaho. Subsequently he was connected with the Center Star at Rossland, British Columbia, and after ward became topographer on the Spokane & Inland Railroad, working with that C. L. GRAVES SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 555 company from Freeman to Colfax, in Washington. He has made constant progress and each forward step has brought him a broader outlook and wider opportunities. He began work in the office of the county engineer as a deputy and has been con nected with the office there as deputy or surveyor since that time. He served in the former position under Surveyors Cummings and Scott, and later became the can didate for the office, to which he was elected on the 8th of November, 1910, suc ceeding A. R. Scott, who had been chosen commissioner. In his political views he has been an advocate of republican principles since age conferred upon him the right of franchise and has kept well informed on the leading, questions and issues of the day. In Spokane, on the 14th of November, 1910, Mr. Graves was united in marriage to Miss Hannah E. Macdonald, of St. Paul, Minnesota, a daughter of James Mac- donald, who is a prominent contractor of that city. It was he who graded Selby Hill and he has done other work of equally important character in St. Paul. Mrs. C. L. Graves, presides graciously over her home, which is a hospitable one. Like her husband, she is well known in Spokane, both having an extensive circle of friends here. Mr. Graves is a popular member of the Inland Club here and is widely known through his official and social relations, high regard being entertained for him by all with whom he has been associated in recognition of his salient traits of character and his commendable service in office. THOMAS HALL. Thomas Hall, who for the past two years has been superintendent of the Washington Brick & Lime Co., at Freeman, Spokane county, Washington, is a native of England. He was born on the 13th of January, 1880, and is a son of Percy and Mary (Walton) Hall. His father passed away in 1883, but the mother is still living and continues to make her home in England. When old enough to begin his education Thomas Hall entered the national schools of England, which he attended until he was fourteen, when he began his wage-earning career. He has always been identified with the business in which he is now engaged, his first position having been in a brickyard in his native land. After following this line of work for seven years in the mother country he went to Cape Colony, South Africa, where he worked for a contractor for five years. At the expiration of that period he decided to come to America, so returned to England for a visit and then took passage for Canada. Upon his arrival in America he came west to Calgary, Canada, thence to Washington, locating at Spo kane. He first obtained employment in a brickyard in Mica, where he remained for three years, coming from there to Freeman as superintendent of the Wash ington Brick & Lime Co. Mr. Hall thoroughly understands his business and is a most efficient and capable man for the position he is now filling. On the 6th of December, 1902, Mr. Hall was united in marriage to Miss Eleanor Willis, a daughter of Ralph and Mary Willis, the event being celebrated at Chester-le-Street, England. Of this union there have been born two children: Mary Ostello, who was born in South Africa; and Percy. Vol. Ill— 28 556 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Mr. and Mrs. Hall manifest their religious views through their membership in the Presbyterian church, in the faith of which denomination they are rearing their children. During the brief period of his connection with the business in terests of Freeman, Mr. Hall has made a favorable impression and is held in high esteem by all of those who have had transactions with him. JOHN M. SCHNATTERLY. John M. Schnatterly is the president of the Idaho Gold & Radium Mining Company, with offices in the Eagle building in Spokane. He was born in Mc- Donough county, Illinois, February 13, 1872, but during his youth accompanied his parents on their removal to Fayette county, Pennsylvania, where he pursued his education in the public schools. He began earning his living through employ ment in the steel mills and afterward engaged in the hotel business. In 1893 when a young man of twenty-one years he returned to Illinois and for eight years con tinued a resident of that state. Prompted by the favorable reports which reached him concerning the northwest he resolved after careful consideration to make Spo kane his home, and since 1901 has resided in this city. He is now concentrating his energies upon the development of the mining property owned by the Idaho Gold & Radium Mining Company of which he is president. This company is organized and chartered under the state laws of Washington and has a capital stock of two million shares of the par value of one dollar per share, fully paid and nonas sessable. Five hundred thousand shares of the capital stock were placed in the treasury of the company to be sold or disposed of in amounts and at prices to be fixed by the directors, the proceeds therefrom to be used in the development of the properties and the promotion of the best interests of the company. The hold ings comprise six hundred and forty acres of placer ground and sixteen quartz claims at Leonia, Idaho, in the Kootenai valley and in the very heart of the min eral belt which has made Idaho and Montana famous as the largest gold-producing states in America. It is surrounded on every side by rich and productive mines which indicate that this property, too, must have in it splendid gold-bearing ground and ore. Gold was first discovered on this placer property on Boulder creek in June, 1905, by F. L. Fry, a pioneer prospector, and W. G. Stagner, an old '49er and placer mining expert of sixty years' experience. A prominent mining engineer, speaking of the geological conditions surrounding Leonia said: "I can not too strongly impress upon you the very great importance of the fact that three chief geological periods, of which Leonia is the commercial output, surround your locality and there is a very large area of plutonic rock north, east, south and west of Leonia. The plutonic rock comprises granites, schists, some of them foliated; also porphyry, gneiss and syenites (all acid rocks), and I feel confident that you must have something of value. The area of plutonic rocks near and around Leonia are rendered more interesting because of the foliated schist and granite in which important discoveries will sooner or later be made." The quartz mines of the com pany are: the Golden Triplets, Nos. 1 and 2; and the Golden Triplets Extensions, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. There are four known mineral veins in the property within the company's lines running parallel for a distance of nine thousand feet, t SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 557 and the size of these and the geological conditions indicate that this will become one of the big gold mining properties of Idaho. The placer properties of the Idaho Gold & Radium Mining Company consist of six hundred and forty acres of one of the most perfect auriferous deposits of the northwest, rich in gold. There is not an acre of this ground that does not give good results with gold panning and the company plan to work it with hydraulic pipes and giants under a four hundred and fifty foot head. The company has everything to their advantage — the lay of the land, the richness of the deposits and the abundant water supply necessary for mining. There is also an abundance of timber on the ground and the property is within three miles of one of the great transcontinental railways with a fine wagon road leading to it at Leonia. It means that the problem of cheap mining and transportation of the product has been solved in advance. The company is now busily engaged in making the necessary prepara tions for obtaining and carrying off the gold. They are installing a sawmill and planer of sufficient capacity to cut lumber for fluming and all necessary mining purposes and built four miles of ditch through which to divert a sufficient amount of water from Boulder creek for hydraulic waste water and all other mining pur poses necessary to operate a four foot bed rock flume and three thousand feet of thirty-six inch pressure pipe running from penstock to the point of operation near the falls of Boulder creek. Experts have examined the property and speak in most glowing terms of its possibilities. In his work Mr. Schnatterly is calUng to his aid thoroughly experienced mining men and the work is being prosecuted on a scale and with rapidity that promises soon to bring substantial returns. The other officers of the company are: Wallace Hay worth, vice president; and J. E. Angle, secretary-treasurer. With M. L. McCormick they constitute the board of directors. On the 4th of June, 1891, in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, Mr. Schnatterly was united in marriage to Miss Carrie L. Renshaw, of that state, and they now have three children: Gabie V., the wife of James E. Angle, secretary-treasurer of the Idaho Gold & Radium Mining Company; and Chloe M. and Leona Irene, at home. Mr. Schnatterly has never been interested in politics nor held public office. He is, however, an exemplary member of Tyrian Lodge, No. 96, F. & A. M., and belongs also to the Modern Woodmen camp. With belief in the future of the northwest and with splendid business ability to aid him in the accomplishment of his projects, he is working steadily toward the goal of success and if the property which he owns carries out even in a small measure any of its splendid promises it will prove a valuable factor not only for individual success but also in the development of the district. JAMES E. ANGLE. James E. Angle is the secretary and treasurer of the Idaho Gold & Radium Mining Company. He is a young man before whom the future holds out good op portunities and his laudable ambition and determination prompt him to take ad vantage of these. He was born at Dunnville, Ontario, January 15, 1888, was there educated and came to the United States in 1907, since which time he has been 558 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE a resident of Spokane. He was for some time connected with the Great Northern Railroad as station agent at Leonia, Idaho, and then became connected with the company of which he is now secretary and treasurer. There is perhaps hardly a man in all the northwest who does not hope to realize something from its mining resources or from its real-estate transactions. Mr. Angle has turned to the former, becoming associated with John M. Schnatterly in the development of a vast placer and quartz mining property of six hundred and forty acres on Boulder creek and the Kootenai valley of eastern Idaho, near the Montana line. All around are splendid mining properties yielding good returns and geological surveys and scien tific investigations give further evidence that this property will prove of equal value and when worked according to the plans and methods, which the company are now putting into execution, will bring splendid results. On the 8th of May, 1910, Mr. Angle was married to Miss Gabie V. Schnatterly, a daughter of John M. Schnatterly, who is his business partner, and they have one son, John Roland. Mr. Angle has no political aspirations yet is not remiss in the duties of citizenship and is interested in all those public matters and move ments which are for the benefit of the community. Fraternally he is connected with Imperial Lodge, I. O. O. F. He is yet a young man, ambition, energy and determination being his salient qualities, and the possession of which seems to insure his future success. LOUIS J. BOWLER. It is the universal opinion of thinking persons that the teacher is one of the most useful members of society. Especially is this true when he is thoroughly prepared for his calling and applies himself with such earnestness and ability as to read carefully the character of each pupil and arouse in him a true love of learning. Judging by what he has accomplished Louis J. Bowler belongs among those who may be designated as true teachers. The success he has achieved as principal of the schools of Clayton is evidence of the genuineness of his qualifica tions and the respect in which he is held by the teachers of the schools is evidence of his personal worth. He is a native of Grand Rapids, Michigan, born March 24, 1886, a son of Richard and Delia Bowler, both of whom are now living. Louis J. Bowler received his early education in the public schools of Sparta, Michigan, and subsequently became a student of Albion College of Liberal Arts, at Albion, Michigan, being graduated from that institution with the degree of A. B. in 1905. After leaving college he served as principal of schools at Grand Rapids for one year, at the end of which time he came to Clayton, Washington, where he has since occupied a similar position. During the summer months he practices law at Spokane, also attending to local work in the same line at Clayton. On the 30th of July, 1908, Mr. Bowler was married at Spokane to Miss Lil lian Eves, a daughter of Robert and Eleanor Eves. Mr. Bowler is a stanch be liever in the Christian religion and is a consistent member of the Episcopal church. He is in hearty sympathy with the principles of the republican party, believing that its platforms more nearly represent the true ideas that should prevail among SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 559 the people of a popular government than those of any other political organization. He is an advocate of temperance and is a member of the Independent Order of Good Templars and of the Grange Farmers' Association. He also holds member ship in the Knights of Pythias whose teachings of mutual helpfulness and courage he warmly espouses. Although a young man he has made a long step toward the accomplishment of important objects in life and whether he applies himself as a teacher, lawyer or business man it is evident that he will be satisfied with no ordi nary attainment. He has many friends and is fully deserving of the confidence and esteem of all with whom he comes in contact. WILLIAM PARKER HUGHES. William Parker Hughes, the first mayor of Northport, founded the Northport News, which paper he has published continuously for the past twenty years. He was born in Salem, Marion county,' Illinois, his parents being Thomas and Jennie (Sergeant) Hughes, both of whom are now deceased, the father having passed away in 1901 and the mother in 1906. The early boyhood and youth of William Parker Hughes were spent in Illinois, Kansas and Texas, and until he was eleven years of age he attended the public schools in the acquirement of an education. Laying aside his text-books he then entered a newspaper office in Independence, Kansas, to learn the printer's trade. After spending one year there he went to Topeka, Kansas, continuing to work as an apprentice for two more years. At the expiration of that period he ob tained a position as a compositor on the State Journal at Topeka, Kansas, where he was continuously employed for a year. From there he went to Quincy, Illi nois, in which city he joined the Typographical Union, with which organization he has ever since been identified, at the present time being an honorary member of the Spokane union. From Quincy he traveled to various points in the middle west, the east and Canada, stopping in practically every city of any size and working at his trade. Then he went to Texas and after spending about six months at his trade he joined the Texas Rangers, known as the Frontier Battalion of the state of Texas. Withdrawing from this at the end of a year he went to Laramie, Wyoming, where he resumed his trade, which he followed in this city for about a year. His next destination was San Francisco, California, whence he later removed to Sacramento, spending about six months in the two cities. At the end of that time he returned to Laramie and spent six months, then went to Denver for a year. From Denver he went to Eureka, Nevada, where he resided for two years after which he again became a citizen of California, locating in Los Gatos, where he edited the Los Gatos Mail. He also edited papers at Tres Pinos and at Saratoga, California, remaining a resident of that state for eight years. He subsequently came to Washington, first locating in Spokane. After spending about three months in that city he came to Northport and established the Northport News, the first issue of which bears the date of July 4, 1892. It is one of the best papers in Stevens countyr, its columns always having been de voted to the advancement of every worthy cause or public endeavor, the interests 560 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE of which were identified with the development of local enterprises or the com munity welfare. Denver, Colorado, was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Hughes and Miss Alice Murphy, the event occurring on the 1st of May, 1880: Mrs. Hughes is a daughter of Patrick Murphy, a railroad contractor, who removed to Laramie, Wyoming, when the Union Pacific was constructing its road through there. Of this union there were born three children: Nellie, who married William Howes; Jennie, the wife of F. B. Dill; and William Parker, Jr., who chose for his wife Miss Alfreda Mae Roberts, a daughter of a prominent citizen of California, who for fourteen years was treasurer of his county and for many years the collector of customs. Although his views on political questions accord with the principles of the democratic party, Mr. Hughes does not always indorse its candidates, particularly in local elections, considering that in such cases it is more a question of the man best qualified to serve the interests of the people than a matter of political issues. He was the first mayor of Northport, to which office he was elected in 1897, serv ing for one term, and he was also Northport's first postmaster, serving for six years, after which period he resigned the position. For the past fifteen years he has been acting as United States commissioner and for eighteen years he has been district mining recorder. Besides the duties of his newspaper business and the responsibilities connected with his official positions, Mr. Hughes is president of the Black Canyon Mining & Milling Company. He was one of the very first settlers of Northport and has ever been counted among its progressive and in fluential citizens, having been one of the prominent factors in promoting its de velopment along both commercial and educational lines. HENRY J. DARBY. While Henry J. Darby makes the practice of law his life work, his name is also well known in literary circles although his writing has been done for his own pleasure and not for commercial gain. He was born in Clarksville, Arkansas, April 25, 1880, a son of George W. and Laura (Turnley) Darby, both of whom were natives of Alabama and are now residents of Spokane. The father, who is a con tractor is descended from Irish ancestry. Mrs. Darby is of English descent, the family having been first founded on American soil in Virginia, whence representa tives of the name went to Alabama. Among her ancestors were those who were honorably discharged at Valley Forge in the Revolutionary war. One of the family, Captain Parmenas Turnley, was graduated from the United States Military Acad emy at West Point, where he was a roommate of Stonewall Jackson. The oath he took as a cadet he faithfully kept during the Civil war as a LTnion soldier. He had previously been a lieutenant in the War of 1812 and did service with Generals Jack son and Jefferson Davis. A brother of Henry J. Darby is George H. Darby, who is employed by the Washington Water Power Company. Their only sister, Lucy N., is the wife of T. E. Carter, who was superintendent of the glass department with W. P. Fuller, but is now engaged in business on his own account. H. J. DARBY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 563 Henry J. Darby was educated in Arkansas, attending Cumberland College at Clarksville and Hendrix College of Conway, Arkansas. For four years he pursued the study of law under the direction of Senator George Turner, a prominent mem ber of the bar of this state. In the fall of 1899 he came to Spokane and after a short time went to Europe, to complete his education by travel. He visited England, Ireland, France, Belgium, and Holland and also many parts of the United States and Canada. In January, 1909, he was admitted to practice at Olympia, Washing ton, by the supreme court and entered at once upon active work. At first he assisted Senator Turner and Mr. Geraghty and then opened an office for the private prac tice of law. Specializing in corporation and negligence law#he comes also in a pro fessional way in contact with many important real-estate interests. Mr. Darby in politics is an independent republican and is a discriminating stu dent of the political conditions of the country. Fraternally he is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and he also belongs to the Spokane Athletic Club and the Inland Club. By nature of studious tastes and habits, he gives his attention largely in his leisure hours to literature, science, art and philosophy. He has written extensively merely for his own pleasure, however, and not for com mercial purposes. He possesses a most pleasing style, handling any subject with an ability that at once awakens interest. His own reading and investigation are continually broadening his mind and the keen intellect with which nature endowed him enables him to present many original ideas, placing him with the best thinking men of the northwest. MOSES SCOTT JAMAR. Moses S. Jamar, attorney at law, was born in Chicago, Illinois, on the 12th of July, 1872, his parents being Moses S. and Nancy J. (La Rougetel) Jamar, na tives of Maryland and Nova Scotia respectively. In 1876 they removed from Illinois to St. Paul, Minnesota, and there Moses S. Jamar, Jr., attended the public schools and business college. When he was twelve years of age he entered the employ of the Northern Pacific Railway Company and also carried newspapers. By these means he paid his own expenses through business college. In 1889 he removed to Washington territory and there was engaged with a surveying party for the Northern Pacific until his return to St. Paul the following year. Later he accepted a position with the Minnesota Transfer Company with which concern he remained until 1897. During his residence in St. Paul he attended the Univer sity of Minnesota, taking a night course in law. In 1897 he was graduated with the degree of LL. B., and, having been admitted to the bar of Minnesota, entered the law offices of Fletcher & Taylor of Minneapolis. The following year he re turned to St. Paul and began the active practice of law independently. He was also rather active in politics, being a member of the democratic county and city organizations. Realizing the possibilities in the recently developed portions of the west he removed to Pullman, Whitman county, in 1903, and there began active practice. He has confined his attention closely to his professional duties and has already won a distinctive representative clientage. 564 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE On the 18th of January, 1910, Mr. Jamar was married in Pullman to Miss Winnie B. Wenham of Pullman, a daughter of William H. and Carrie I. (Hunt) Wenham. In politics Mr. Jamar gives his support to the democratic party, and he is now serving his second term as city attorney of Pullman. He holds member ship in the Delta Chi fraternity, of the University of Minnesota, the Pullman Chamber of Commerce and the Modern Woodmen of America, of which organiza tion he is at present acting as counselor. He is also a member of the Loyal Order of the Moose and Whitman Lodge No. 49, A. F. & A. M. Although he has been connected with the bar of the state of Washington for less than ten years he has shown he possesses remarkable talent in a profession in which a career depends much upon innate ability. He gives his cases careful preparation, and because of his appreciation of the absolute ethics of life and a high sense of justice as a basis of all human rights and privileges, he is constantly extending his clientage, and has firmly established himself as a strong and able lawyer, attaining a suc cess which can be secured only through indomitable energy and strong mentality. HON. SAMUEL CLARENCE HYDE. An eloquent and convincing speaker, a clear reasoner, logical in his deductions and strong in argument, Hon. Samuel Clarence Hyde has won for himself a position of distinction as a representative of the Spokane bar and also as one of the leaders of the republican party in this state. In the discussion of vital political ques tions he ranks with the best. Mr. Hyde was born on the 22d of April, 1842, in the historic town of Ticon- deroga, New York. His twin sister, Salina Clarissa Hyde, died at the age of eight months. His brother, Eugene B. Hyde, has figured prominently in real estate and building operations in this city, was the builder of the Hyde block on Riverside avenue and has been prominent in public life, serving for four years as a member of the state senate. Another brother, Rollin C. Hyde, built the Fernwell block on Riverside avenue, while John B. Blalock, the husband of a sister, Martha A., built the Blalock block, now the Halliday Hotel. All of these structures were erected from materials brought from the east and were among the finest buildings of the city at that time. Throughout the entire period of their residence here, the Hyde family has been active and prominent in the improve ment and upbuilding of the city and surrounding country. The subject of this review was about three years of age when his parents, Eli N. and Susan S. Hyde, removed with him from New York to the state of Wis consin. Here he spent his youthful days and grew up on a farm near the town of Oshkosh, enjoying only such educational privileges as the common schools of that day afforded. He served in the war for the Union, in the Western armies, enlisting as a private in the Seventeenth Wisconsin Infantry, being promoted to the rank of sergeant. Afterward Mr. Hyde spent considerable time as a sur veyor and cruiser for pine and mineral lands in northern Wisconsin and Michigan, in company with Captain Welcome Hyde, of Appleton, Wisconsin, a work calling for the hardest labor and great endurance. On the 18th of January, 1869, Mr. Hyde was married to Miss Mattie A. Rogers, of Rosendale, Wisconsin. Shortly SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 565 after Mr. Hyde, with his wife, moved to the state of Iowa, establishing his home at the town of Rock Rapids, then the center of a wild new country. At the law school of the Iowa State University at Iowa City he completed the study of law, begun in Wisconsin, was admitted to the bar and practiced law in the town of Rock Rapids for seven years. Attracted by the glowing reports of the great northwest, he resolved to make that country the scene of his further labors, and with his family removed to what was then the territory of Washington, landing at Seattle on the 5th day of May, 1877. Mr. Hyde lived, for a time, at both Seattle and Tacoma, practicing law there, but ever had his mind upon the Inland Empire, then a wild undeveloped country. On the 4th day of May, 1879, before Spokane had taken on villagehood and when it contained about two hundred people Mr. Hyde first visited the site of the future city. On the 1st day of June, 1880, he established his home here, engaged in the practice of law and ever since has been a resident of Spokane. The vast regions of mountain and plain, forest and stream, mine and farm land lay un touched, as it were, by the hand of man. This was before the introduction of the railroad or the telegraph and neither had the printing press made its appear ance here, while the telephone and electric light had not yet been given to the world. The following year Mr. Hyde was joined by his wife and two children, Earl and Kate. The same year, his mother, Mrs. Susan S. Hyde, together with all the chil dren of her family, came and joined with the pioneer builders of Spokane. In 1880, Mr. Hyde was elected prosecuting attorney for the judicial district embrac ing the six northeast counties of the state, and for three successive terms was reelected, his service in that office continuing over a period of six years. Later, higher political honors were conferred upon him, for in 1894 he was elected a member of the fifty-fourth congress from this state, Mr. W. H. Doolittle of Tacoma being his colleague. During this congress Mr. Hyde brought forward the meas ure for the first appropriation for the establishment of Fort Wright, which now overlooks the city from the west. The war department at that time was strongly opposed to any specific appropriation for that purpose. The people of Spokane had donated the valuable and magnificent site to the government and Mr. Hyde believed that the course would delay the building of the Post and perhaps defeat its establishment. Joseph G. Cannon, afterward speaker of the house, was then chairman of the general committee on appropriations and strenuously opposed the appropriation. The commissary general of the army was in the lobby, urging members to vote against the appropriation. The debate was warm, the ayes and nays were called, then a rising vote, and finally tellers, when Mr. Hyde won by five votes. Speaker Read gave Mr. Hyde great aid in securing the appropriation, as did also his colleague, Mr. Doolittle, and Senators Wilson and Squire from this state. In a speech during that session, Mr. Hyde paid a glowing and eloquent tribute to the Pacific coast and predicted its coming greatness. He was renomi nated by acclamation at the republican state convention of 1896, for a second term, but was defeated, with the rest of the ticket by the wave of democracy and pop ulism combined which swept over the west that year, bringing defeat to every nominee whose name was on the republican state ticket. 566 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE In 1891 Mr. Hyde was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who passed away on the 13th of February of that year. She left two children, Earl and Kate, who have made their home a great deal of the time in Alaska, the son being engaged in mining and prospecting. Mr. Hyde belongs to the Young Men's Chris tian Association, the Chamber of Commerce, Sedgwick Post, G. A. R., and has been commander of the latter. In addition to the practice of the law, he has dealt considerably during all his residence in Spokane, in real estate. Mr. Hyde is a man of commanding presence, speaks with impassioned force and is at times eloquent. A. J. GRANT. A. J. Grant has been engaged in the practice of law in Harrington for the past nine years, during the greater portion of which time he has been the in cumbent of the office of city attorney. He was born in Grand Falls, Jasper county, Missouri, on the 25th of February, 1869, and is a son of Dr. John E. and Louisa (Mounce) Grant, the former a native of Albany, New York, and the latter of Kentucky. The father, who graduated from both the Des Moines and Cincinnati Medical Colleges, served for four years during the Civil war as assistant surgeon. After the close of hostilities he located in Galena, Kansas, and twenty years later removed to Jasper county, Missouri. The Grant family originally came from England, locating in America during the colonial days, its members becoming actively prominent in shaping the early history of the country. The paternal grandfather, Jeremiah Grant, was graduated from the law school of Albany, New York, subsequently becoming one of the prominent and well known attorneys of that city. The childhood and early youth of A. J. Grant were spent in Galena, Kansas, to whose public schools he is indebted for his early education. This was later supplemented by further study in the Eldorado Normal school at Eldorado Springs, Missouri, in which city he was also graduated from business college. He with drew from school at the age of eighteen and for six years thereafter was success fully engaged in teaching, his evenings and vacations being largely devoted to the reading of law, which profession he had decided to adopt. Giving up teach ing at the end of that time, in 1893 he went to Stockton, Missouri, spending two years in the law office of Hastings & Nelson of that city. Having decided that the west offered better advantages and greater opportunities to the young man he came to Washington in 1896, remaining here for four years. Being most favor ably impressed not only with the conditions but the people, he returned to Mis souri to make final arrangements for becoming a permanent resident of this state. Very soon after his return he took his examinations for admission to the bar of Missouri, this privilege granted him by the supreme court of that state on the 19th of April, 1900. From that time until the following October he there engaged in practice, and then returned to Washington, stopping for a few weeks in Seattle, after which he went to Davenport, this state. There he was employed by Martin & Grant, the latter his brother, until September, 1902, when he came to Harring ton and established an office. Mr. Grant made a most favorable impression here A. J. GRANT SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 569 from the first and readily succeeded in building up a very satisfactory practice. He is one of the widely read attorneys of the county, and by reason of his painstaking preparation of his cases and conscientious devotion to the interests of his clients, his services are always in demand. During the period of his practice here he has been engaged with some of the important litigations, and has always acquitted him self in a most commendable manner. Mr. Grant celebrated Christmas, 1894, by his marriage to Miss Ella B. Soash, a daughter of James K. and Mary (Hutchinson) Soash, natives of Ohio. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Grant there have been born five children, three of whom are now living, Pearl, Earl and Guy, all attending school. Although the political views of Mr. Grant more nearly coincide with the prin ciples of the republican party than any other, his ballot is always cast for the man he deems best qualified for the office, irrespective of partyr. He was elected to the office of city attorney in September, 1902, and has ever since held that position, the responsibilities of which he has discharged with rare efficiency. He has always taken an active interest in all public affairs and during the period of his residence in Missouri was a member of the examiners' board of county teachers for Cedar county, and he was also secretary of the county road commissioners for two years. Fraternally he is a worthy exemplar of the Masonic order, being a member of the chapter, and he is affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America. Mr. Grant has constantly risen in his profession ever since admitted to practice and in January, 1903, was admitted to practice before the supreme court of the United States. He is held in high esteem in Harrington and Lincoln county, where he has made many friends, who appreciate his fine personal qualities as well as his professional abilities. MRS. KAREN FOGH. Mrs. Karen Fogh, who for the past six years has been engaged in the millinery business in Kettle Falls, was born in Denmark, on the 14th of October, 1849. She is a daughter of Thomas and Karen (Paaske) Vittusen, both of whom spent their entire lives in the old country, the mother passing away in 1864 and the father in 1896. Reared in the land of her birth, Mrs. Fogh attended the common schools of her native town in the acquirement of an education until she was fifteen years of age. Following the death of her mother she laid aside her text-books and assumed the management of the household, keeping house for her father for about eighteen months. At the expiration of that period she apprenticed herself to a milliner in Aarhus, Denmark, working at that trade for five years. She then en gaged in business for herself, continuing in this until 1875, when she mar ried and came to the United States with, her husband. Upon their arrival in this country, in 1885, they located in The Dalles, Oregon, where for five years Mr. Fogh was employed as a foreman in a machine shop. From that place they went to Portland where they lived for a year, then came to Kettle Falls, settling here in March, 1891. Mr. Fogh withdrew from his trade after their removal here and engaged in the general mercantile business, continuing to be identified with this 570 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE until his death in 1902. The following year Mrs. Fogh disposed of the business and retired until 1906, when she opened a millinery store, which she has ever since conducted. Despite the fact of her sixty-two years, she displays the energy and business sagacity of a woman many years her junior, and is meeting with excel lent success in the direction of her interests. She is a stockholder in the Silver Queen mine, and has also acquired quite extensive tracts of farming and orchard lands in the vicinity of Kettle Falls. The marriage of James P. Fogh and Karen Vittusen was celebrated in Den mark on the 7th of December, 1875. They never had occasion to regret becom ing citizens of this republic, as success attended all of their business enterprises, Mrs. Fogh being one of the affluent residents of Kettle Falls, where she has made many friends who hold her in the highest esteem. JAMES EDWARD NESSLY. James Edward Nessly, a newspaper correspondent widely known to the pro fession of journalism as the representative of the Spokesman-Review, has reached his present position of prominence in spite of obstacles and difficulties which would have utterly deterred many a man of less resolute spirit and determination. His career, however, is another evidence of the fact that it is under the pressure of adversity and the stimulus of opposition that the best and strongest in an in dividual is brought out and developed. He was born in Independence, Missouri, April 25, 1866, the son of John Fawcett and Elizabeth Wade (Riley) Nessly. The mother was born near London, England, December 11, 1829, the daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Riley, and is still living at the advanced age of eighty- two years, making her home with her son James E. and his brothers. She was one of a family of twelve children and is now the only survivor, her youngest brother having died recently in Ohio at the age of seventy-eight years. The father of James E. Nessly was a Methodist minister who was assigned to a pastorate in Kansas City and purchased a tract of land of forty acres at Independence, Mis souri, the county seat, about twelve miles distant from the place of his pastoral labors. In those days a Methodist minister could remain in one place for only two years and when that period had expired the Rev. John F. Nessly was obliged to leave Kansas City. He afterward spent two years at Ottawa and two at Olathe, Kansas, and thence was sent to Wichita, where he organized and built the first Methodist church of the city. He continued to occupy the pulpit there for a year but his health failed and he then secured a preemption claim ten miles west of Wichita, upon which he resided with his family from 1873 until 1884. In the meantime James E. Nessly availed himself of such educational oppor tunities as were accorded him and assisted in the cultivation and operation of the home farm until eighteen years of age, when he removed to Dodge City, Kansas, and for two years thereafter was engaged in freighting from that place to Fowler, Kansas. He afterward learned the printer's trade and concentrated his energies upon newspaper work, his first venture being as editor of the Wilburn Argus, a small paper published at Wilburn, Kansas. When lie had attained his majority he secured a preemption claim in Morton county, Kansas, and after making the SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 571 required improvements upon it- he returned to Wichita, where the family was liv ing, having in the meantime rented the farms. In that city he engaged in news paper work and invested his little capital in Wichita property, which was then in the midst of a boom. Not long afterward, however, prices began to decline and he lost all that he had saved. It was then that Mr. Nessly started for the northwest with Rosalia, Wash ington, as his destination. He had been offered a position as printer on the Rosalia Rustler at a salary of twelve dollars per week. Something of his financial straits at that time is indicated in the fact that he did not have sufficient money to buy tickets for both himself and wife. He had been married on the 8th of August, 1888, to Miss Blanche Hamilton, a daughter of Rev. D. V. Hamilton, a Method ist minister now living in Moqui, Colorado. Leaving his wife at Villa Grove, Colorado, Mr. Nessly started for Rosalia, where he arrived on the 29th of June, 1889, with a cash capital of fifty-six cents, having done without supper and break fast. He began work in the Rosalia Rustler office at twelve dollars per week, paying five dollars for board. After a short time he was given charge of the paper while the proprietor, a Mr. Mathews, went to Indiana on a visit. The Rustler under the new management proved a more attractive paper than it had under the direction of its proprietor, whereupon a number of the citizens of the town approached Mr. Nessly, asking that he buy the paper and advancing him the money for the purchase. He paid for the paper and office equipment nine hundred dollars, which sum he borrowed from the Exchange National Bank of Spokane at the rate of eighteen per cent interest, three business men of Rosalia going his security. In thirteen months he had not only paid for the paper but had also given to each of the three business men one hundred dollars as a bonus for their efforts in his behalf. Extending the scope of his labors, he then pur chased the Spangle Record and afterward the Oakesdale Sun and the Alliance Advocate, the last named being the state official organ of the Farmers Alliance. For nearly a year he edited and managed the four newspapers and three years from the time of his arrival in Rosalia had accumulated five thousand dollars al though he had paid eighteen per cent interest on four thousand dollars for a part of that time. He then sold his papers, taking notes from men whose financial standing was supposed to be as good as gold but with the widespread money panic of 1893 all suffered heavy losses and Mr. Nessly never realized anything on the notes which he held, amounting to forty-seven hundred dollars. The test of individual character comes from difficulties and disasters of this sort and Mr. Nessly then rallied his forces and started anew in the business world. Going into the harvest fields he stacked eight hundred acres of grain cut with a header, in the summer of 1893. He then bought a wagon and team and traveled over the country, buying poultry, eggs, etc., which he shipped to Spokane. In this way he finally secured sufficient capital to enable him to open a small meat market and grocery store, but times were hard for several years and he made little money. In 1897 he was appointed deputy sheriff at a salary of one hundred dollars per month and rent and fuel. He occupied the position for seven months and then went upon the road as traveling correspondent for the Spokesman-Review, with which he has been continuously connected since the 19th of August, 1897, or for a period of almost fifteen years. His correspondence has been one of the attractive features of the paper and he stands high in journalistic circles, having 572 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE many warm friends and admirers among the members of the profession who recog nize his ability in the line of his chosen work. As the years have passed he has recuperated his losses and is now the owner of two hundred and ninety-five acres of land in the Palouse country near Farmington and a half-interest in nine hundred and twenty acres in Wallowa county, Oregon, all of which is good grain land. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Nessly have been born three children: Leona, who was born in Rosalia, Washington, December 25, 1889, and is now 'the wife of Dr. T, Allison Ball; Leonard, who is twenty years of age; and William V., aged eighteen years. Mr. Nessly holds membership with the Woodmen of the World. He has- never sought nor desired office in that organization nor in connection with polit ical affairs. The only positions he has ever filled of a public nature have been those of deputy sheriff of Whitman county and city clerk of Rosalia for two years. He has always found that his private business interests have made a full demand upon his time for he has ever sought to progress in the field in which he has labored. Holding with an unfaltering purpose to high ideals, he has made con tinuous advancement and is today a well known and prominent representative ot journalism in the northwest. PATRICK HUGH GRAHAM. Patrick Hugh Graham is the owner of a fine ranch of three hundred and ten acres in the vicinity of Colville, in the cultivation of which he is meeting with lucra tive returns. He was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, on the 17th of March, 1875, and is a son of Thomas and Rosana (Monaghan) Graham, both of whom are now deceased, the father having passed away hi 1882 and the mother in 1904. As he was only a child when he accompanied his parents on their removal from the Emerald isle to the United States, Patrick Hugh Graham has spent prac tically his entire life in the northwest. His parents located on a ranch in the vi cinity of Colville in whose public schools he began his education, the course therein pursued being later supplemented by two years study in Gonzaga College at Spo kane. Returning home at the expiration of that time he spent two years with his mother on the farm, and then went to British Columbia, where he engaged in min ing for nine years. In 1904, he once more took up his residence in Washington, filing on a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres near Colville. The cultiva tion of this proved so lucrative that he was later able to extend the boundaries of his ranch by the addition of another fifty acres, while he inherited from his father's estate one hundred acres, making the aggregate of his holdings three hundred and ten acres. He has ever since given his entire time and attention to the cultiva tion of his land and has met with most excellent success, his fields annually yield ing abundant harvests that command the market's best prices. Mr. Graham's arrangements for a home of his own had their culmination in his marriage on the 27th of June, 1906, to Miss Grace Hoffman, a daughter of Charles Hoffman. Her parents were among the pioneer settlers of South Dakota but are now living in Colville. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Graham there have been born two children, Charles T. and Nora I. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 573 The family attend the Roman Catholic church of which the parents are com municants and Mr. Graham is also a member of the Grange. He has always been one of the enterprising and progressive ranchmen of Stevens county, and fully appreciating the benefits that accrue to the members of any vocation through organization and unified interests was one of those who enthusiastically worked for the Farmers' Cooperative Store, of which he was one of the incorporators and is now a director. Mr. Graham is recognized as one of the prosperous citizens of his community, this fact being entirely attributable to his clear judgment, busi ness sagacity and capable supervision of his undertakings, the fundamental ele ments of success in every activity. JAY G. CROSKEY. Jay G. Croskey has since 1909 acted as manager of the Wallace store of the Harris Drug Company. His birth occurred at Germano, Ohio, on the 5th of February, 1875, his parents being L. B. and Melissa (Coleman) Croskey. The paternal grandfather of our subject was a boyhood friend of Secretary Stanton of Lincoln's cabinet. L. B. Croskey participated in the Civil war as a member of the Union army. Jay G. Croskey obtained his education in the Methodist school at Scio, Ohio, and pursued literary and pharmaceutical courses under Professor Beal, being graduated in 1899 with the degree of Ph. G. In that year he began his business career as a pharmacist of Steubenville, Ohio, where he remained for two years. Subsequently he spent twelve months at Youngstown, Ohio, and in 1903 went to Roseburg, Oregon, where he continued for four years. In 1907 he removed to Moscow, Idaho, where he spent two years, engaged continuously in the practice of pharmacy. The year 1909 witnessed his arrival in Wallace, Idaho, where he has since had charge of the store of the Harris Drug Company, managing the estab lishment in a manner which has contributed toward the continued growth and success of the enterprise. On the 2d of January, 1907, Mr. Croskey was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Campbell, a daughter of Mrs. Margaret Campbell, of Moscow, Idaho. Fraternally Mr. Croskey is identified with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, belonging to Moscow Lodge, No. 249. Both he and his wife are well known and highly esteemed throughout the community, the hospitality of the best homes being cordially extended them. ROBERT S. McCREA. Robert S. McCrea, who for the past decade has ably discharged the duties devolving upon him as auditor of Bonner county, is also serving as clerk of the district court. His birth occurred in the province of Ontario, Canada, on the 28th of November, 1867, his parents being John and Jane (Pierce) McCrea, who came to Spokane, Washington, in 1881. The father, a physician by profession, acted 574 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE as surgeon for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company and was accidentally killed in October, 1888, at Rathdrum, Idaho, while attending to his duties in this con nection. Robert S. McCrea obtained his education in the graded and high schools of Canada and came to the Spokane country in November, 1888, settling at Rathdrum, Idaho. There he embarked in the general mercantile business in association with his brother, being a member of the firm of McCrea Brothers until they sold out in 1892. In the meantime he also served in the position of postmaster of that town from 1889, continuing in the office until 1893. In 1892, when the firm of McCrea Brothers sold out, he became connected with the Rathdrum Mercantile Company and remained with this concern until 1905, resigning to assume the office of probate judge, and he acted as such for Kootenai county in 1905 and 1906. In 1907 he came to Sandpoint, Idaho, and was appointed senior deputy auditor of Bonner county, holding that position until November, 1910, when he was chosen auditor. From that time until the present he has remained the efficient incumbent in that office, which is combined with that of recorder. Furthermore, he acts as a clerk of the district court and is also ex-officio clerk of the board of county com missioners. On the 1st of February, 1895, Mr. McCrea was united in marriage to Miss Mabel Fitzsimmons, by whom he has one son, Hollis McCrea, whose natal day was October 8, 1897. The family home is at Sandpoint. Mr. McCrea is identi fied with the following fraternal organizations: Pend d'Oreille Tent, No. 6, K. O. T. M., of Sandpoint; Helmet Lodge, No. 32, K. P., of Sandpoint, in which he has passed through all the chairs; Sandpoint Camp, No. 7191, M. W. A.; and Rathdrum Lodge, A. F. & A. M. He is likewise a member of the Commercial Club of Sandpoint. His strong and salient characteristics are such as endear him to all who come within the close circle of his friendship, while wherever he is known he is respected and honored. EDWARD L. KILBOURNE. Edward L. Kilbourne, auditor of the Idaho, Washington & Northern Railroad, was born on a farm in Oregon township, Lapeer county, Michigan, November 30, 1873. He is a son of Edward Holly and Eliza Jane (Lavery) Kilbourne, the father a native of the state of New York and the mother of Ireland, of Scotch- Irish extraction. At the time of the breaking out of the Civil war Mr. Kilbourne was in New Orleans, where he was employed by the government in survey work. When the United States senators from the south left Washington, he proceeded north to the first recruiting station, which was located at Helena, Arkansas, and enlisted in the service. He went to the front as second lieutenant in the Second Arkansas Volunteer Cavalry, remaining there until peace was restored. He passed away in 1907, but the mother who has now attained the venerable age of seventy- seven years is still living and makes her home in Spirit Lake. The early years in the life of Edward L. Kilbourne were spent on a Michi gan farm, his elementary education being acquired in the public schools of Lapeer county. He graduated from the Lapeer high school in 1893 and subsequently en- E. L. KILBOURNE SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 577 tered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he pursued a literary course for two years. At the expiration of that period he laid aside his text-books and be gan his business career, his first position being that of a traveling salesman. In 1899 he became an accountant, and later entered the employment of The Investors Audit Company, of New York and Chicago. He soon showed himself to be efficient and capable as well as trustworthy, in addition to which he early demonstrated un usual powers of organization and executive ability, so when the firm decided to open an office in Spokane, they selected Mr. Kilbourne as manager. He came west in 1909 and among the other clients of the new office was numbered the Idaho, Washington & Northern Railroad Company. Quick to appreciate Mr. Kilbourne's skill as an accountant and being in need of just such a man as he seemed to be, they offered him a position, which he accepted in April, 1909, and has ever since capably filled. On the 27th of June, 1910, in Spokane, Washington, was celebrated the mar riage of Mr. Kilbourne and Miss Ella Genevieve Webster, a daughter of Charles S. Webster, of Spokane. Mr. Kilbourne is a member of the Masonic fraternity in which he has attained high rank, holding membership in Spirit Lake Lodge, No. 57, F. & A. M. ; Lapeer Michigan Chapter, No. 91, R. A. M.; Hiawatha Council, No. 65, R. & S. M.; Sault Ste. Marie Commandery, No. 45, K. T. He is also a Noble of the Mystic Shrine of Ahmed Temple of Marquette, Michigan; and a member of DeWitt Clin ton Consistory of Grand Rapids, Michigan. His connection with organizations of a more purely social nature is confined to his membership in the Inland Club of Spokane. He belongs to the Order of the Sons of Veterans, and during his resi dence in Michigan was for a time assistant state inspector for the organization and in 1892 he was captain of the Lapeer Camp. During the period of his residence in Spirit Lake, although it has been quite brief, Mr. Kilbourne has shown himself to be an enterprising and capable business man, while in matters of citizenship he is progressive and public-spirited, contributing his quota towards promoting the com munity's best interests. HENRY FENNEN. For practically twenty years Henry Fennen, now deceased, was a resident of Spokane county and few men ever lived in this section who in a higher de gree gained the confidence and respect of the people. He was of good Teutonic parentage and was born in Germany in 1842. He grew to manhood under the paternal roof and in his native land pursued his preliminary education. At the age of twenty-four, desiring to take advantage of the best opportunities for ad vancing in the world, he decided to seek his fortune in America. Accordingly, he emigrated to the United States, locating first at Cincinnati, but soon after ward went to Illinois where he engaged in carpentering for a year. He then came west to California and followed his trade for eight years. Having prospered in his work, he returned to Germany upon a visit of several months' duration and then came back to California. A short time afterward he went to Virginia City, Nevada, and there engaged to good advantage in general carpenter work. Be- Vol. ni— 29 578 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE lieving that agriculture and fruit-raising presented more favorable inducements than his trade, he came to Spokane county in 1882 and located upon one hundred and sixty acres of land on Pleasant Prairie. He applied himself with great dili gence and after six years acquired sufficient capital to purchase another tract of one hundred and sixty acres adjoining, also acquiring two hundred and forty acres additional in 1890, thus becoming the owner of a valuable farm of five hundred and sixty acres. He completed a splendid system of irrigation and set out an orchard of forty acres, which became one of the large producing orchards of this region. He made many other improvements on his place and the well equipped buildings and general air of neatness which prevailed gave true indication as to his industry, taste and business ability. In 1876, while upon his visit to the old country, he was married to Miss Eliza beth Stratmann and to this union eight children were born: William, who mar ried Laura Stadelman; Elizabeth, the wife of Carl Hoffman; Annie, now Mrs. Jacob Lunneberg; Benedict, who wedded Isabel Dimbrick; Dora, who makes her home with her mother ; George and Joseph, who are now attending school ; and Henry, deceased. Mr. Fennen died November 17, 1901, of typhoid pneumonia, after an illness of several weeks, the best medical attendance proving unavailing to prolong his life. He was a man of unimpeachable character who through life ever endeavored to perform his entire duty toward all with whom he was associated. He attended the Catholic church and was a member of St. Joseph's Society. Polit ically he adhered to the democratic party but not as an office seeker, as his inter est was centered in his family and his business. Mrs. Fennen is still living on the old homestead which is endeared to her by many associations. She is a woman of many estimable qualities of mind and heart and can claim a host of friends in the community where she has been known for nearly thirty years. JAMES E. BURBANK. Although he was reared as a farmer and gave his undivided attention to agri culture and stock-raising for many years, James E. Burbank, who is now residing at Cheney, possesses talent for the mercantile business, as he has demonstrated during the past six years. He is well established as a hay. grain and lumber merchant and is also known as one of the public-spirited men of this section. A native of Polk county, Oregon, he was born June 14, 1859, a son of Harry and Minerva (Height) Burbank. They were pioneers on the Pacific coast, having crossed the plains in 1848. The family came to Washington in 1870, when there were few settlers in the territory and their nearest neighbor was twenty-five miles away. The father died in 1907 but the mother is still living and has now arrived at the age of seventy-five years. James E. Burbank received his early education in the common schools and grew to maturity under the paternal roof. At the age of eighteen he entered the teaming business and later located on a homestead near Cheney. He applied him self to farming and stock-raising from 1883 to 1905, a period of twenty-two years, gaining a position as one of the substantial citizens of the community. Since 1905 he has engaged in the hay, grain and lumber business at Chenev and has SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 579 shown an ability in meeting the wants of patrons, which has yielded highly grati fying returns. He is the owner of one hundred and twenty acres of irrigated land at Twin Falls, Idaho, and of three hundred and seventy acres near Cheney. On the 16th of December, 1877, Mr. Burbank was married near North Yakima, Washington, to Miss Effie Pyburn, a daughter of George Pyburn, and to this union one child, Zella M., has been born. Ever since he cast his first ballot Mr. Bur bank has given his support to the democratic party, believing that its principles are best adapted to promote the general welfare of the country. Fraternally he is identified with the Odd Fellows. He has passed through the chairs of the sub ordinate lodge and has also served as a representative to the grand lodge. He is a stanch believer in the authority and inspiration of the Bible and is a valued member of the Methodist church. The record of Mr. Burbank is a striking illustration of the possibilities in America awaiting young men who are imbued with a laudable ambition to accom plish a worthy object in life and are willing to deny themselves at the outset in order to be assured of a competency in later years. He has used deliberate judg ment in his plans and has won acknowledged high standing in a community where true worth is accorded due recognition. Having been loyal to every trust, he is fully deserving of his good fortune. NYE KERN. Nye Kern, engaged in the insurance business, in which field he has operated independently since 1909, was born at Iron Mountain, Michigan, on the 3d of August, 1881. His parents were John H. and Josephine (Habert) Kern, the former of German and Irish descent and the latter of French lineage. ^The father, whose birth occurred in Illinois, is now residing in Portland. He is a son of a veteran of the Civil war, a native of Michigan and a descendant of an old New York family. The mother's birth occurred in Kansas and she also is a daughter of a soldier, who served in the Civil war. Nye Kern pursued his education in Des Moines, Iowa, and in the Portland high school. Subsequent to the completion of his course he turned his attention to business interests, associating himself with his father in the fuel business and later in the merchandise, wood and shingle business. He was thus employed for two years before accepting a position with Alber Brothers Milling Company of Portland, cereal millers. He was their salesman on the coast for some time, but in 1906 he associated himself with Wadhams & Kerr Brothers, wholesale grocers of Portland. Three years later he came to Spokane and became iden tified with Edwards & Kern in the insurance business, and in April, 1911, pur chased the interest of Mr. Edwards. He has found in insurance a field which gives opportunity for his energy and constant application, and one in which he is winning unqualified success. He conducts a general agency, embracing fire, automobile, live-stock, plate-glass, casualty and other insurance. He is agent for the Germania Fire Insurance Company, of New York; Hamburg-Bremen Insur ance Company, of Hamburg, Germany; Milwaukee Mechanics, of Milwaukee; Fidelity & Casualty Company, of New York; Monongahela Underwriters, of Pitts- 580 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE burg; Dixie Fire Insurance Company, of Greensboro, North Carolina; Sovereign Fire Insurance Company, of Canada; Commercial Union Assurance, of London; Prussian National, of Stettin, Germany; Firemen's Fund, of San Francisco; and the American Live Stock Company, of Indianapolis. He has secured an extensive clientage for which he annually writes a large amount of insurance. In Salem, Oregon, on the 5th of August, 1905, Mr. Kern was married to Miss Corrinne Johnson, a daughter of P. W. Johnson, of Idaho, and a niece of Mrs. A. C. Edwards. Mr. Kern is a Roman Catholic. His social and fraternal con nections consist of membership in the United Commercial Travelers, the Bagmen of Bagdad, Royal Arcanum and Knights of Columbus, while his name also appears on the roster of the Multnomah Club of Portland and the Inland Club and the Add Club of Spokane. His political views coincide with the principles of the republican party and he stands stanchly for its candidates and measures. FRANK R. YANISH. Frank R. Yanish, who at the present time is engaged in the construction of the new Odd Fellows' Temple, is one of the very capable and reliable contractors of Colville, with the building interests of which he has been prominently identi fied for eight years. He was born in Winona county, Minnesota, on the 10th of January, 1868, and is a son of Frank and Sophia (Coupple) Yanish, both of whom are now about the age of seventy years. As a boy and youth, Frank R. Yanish attended the common schools of his na tive county in the acquirement of an education, his school days terminating at the age of sixteen years. He then left home and went to Minneapolis to learn the carpenter's trade, remaining a resident of the Minnesota metropolis for four years. At the expiration of that period he went to Brown county, engaging in carpentry work there and in Rock county for the succeeding two years. He then removed to Black Hills, South Dakota, where he followed his trade for seven years, during three of which he was a member of a bridge buiding crew of the Northwestern Railroad Company. The far west proved most alluring to the young man, who felt that opportunities there afforded would enable him to more readily attain his ambition of attaining independence and in 1903 he came to Colville. He had al ways been temperate in his habits and thrifty, thus acquiring a sufficient capital to enable him to buy a ranch a short distance from town, which he has ever since operated in connection with conducting his contracting business. A skilful me chanic and reliable man, Mr. Yanish has succeeded in building up a profitable busi ness, having been awarded the contracts for some of the finest public buildings as well as private residences erected here since he became established. He has met with satisfactory financial returns in both the cultivation of his farm and the pursuit of his trade and in addition to his homestead owns a forty-acre tract of land near Marble, this state. Mr. Yanish was married on the 12th of May, 1897, to Miss F. E. Hotz, a daughter of E. H. Hotz, of Cherry county, Nebraska. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Yanish there have been born four children: Sophia, Helen, Carl and Howard, all of whom are attending school. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 581 Mr. Yanish is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having passed through all of the chairs and is a past grand master of the Colville lodge, and he also belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America. In his political views he is a democrat and in realization of the responsibilities of citizenship has al ways taken an active interest in matters pertaining to the municipality. He is now a member of the town council and has several times served as a delegate at both county and state conventions. Mr. Yanish is one of the enterprising men of the town, who in the promotion of his own interests never loses sight of those of the community at large, which he strives to forward on every possible occasion. FRED W. ANDERSON. Fred W. Anderson, cashier of the Lincoln County Bank and one of the ex tensive landowners of this locality, has been actively identified with the business interests of Davenport for the past ten years. His birth occurred in Blue Earth, Minnesota, on the 4th of January, 1870, his parents being Alexander and Eliza beth (Easton) Anderson. The father, who was a captain of the One Hundred and Twenty-third New York Volunteer Infantry during the Civil war, located in Minnesota in 1858 and subsequently became prominently identified with the bank ing and mercantile interests in his section of the state. Reared at home, Fred W. Anderson attended the public schools of Blue Earth, Minnesota, until he reached the age of seventeen years. He then laid aside his text-books and assumed the responsibilities of manhood, beginning his business career as a grocer. He was identified with this line of business for three years and then disposing of his interests he, accepted a position as assistant cashier in a bank that had just been organized by his father. During the succeeding years Mr. Anderson continued to be officially identified with this institution, which de veloped into one of the most substantial and flourishing banks of that vicinity. In 1901 he withdrew his interests and came to Davenport, Washington, where he organized the Lincoln County State Bank of which he has been the cashier ever since it was founded. It is one of the well organized, firmly established financial institutions of th'e county, the conservative policy and progressive methods of which have enabled it to inspire in its patrons that sense of absolute trust and confidence essential to the success of any bank. During the period of his residence here, Mr. Anderson has become recognized as a man well worthy of the confidence re posed in him, having shown himself loyal to every public trust, the responsibility of which he discharges with a rare sense of conscientious obligation. On the 18th of July, 1894, Mr. Anderson was united in marriage to Miss Grace Reynolds, a daughter of Dr. J. A. Reynolds, formerly a minister in the state of New York, who is now a resident of Davenport. Of this union there have been born two children, Reynolds and Elizabeth. The religious faith of the family is manifested in their membership in the Presbyterian church, while politically Mr. Anderson is a republican. He has taken an active interest in municipal affairs, particularly those pertaining to edu cational matters, and is now serving as president of the school board and has represented his ward in the city council. He has invested quite heavily in real 582 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE estate during his residence in the state and is the owner of several pieces of valu able ranch property. Mr. Anderson is held in high esteem in Davenport where his intense and well directed activity has never been concentrated on personal ag grandizement alone, but on the development of the community and its general wel fare and progress in all of its various channels of common interest. HARRY H. SHALLENBERGER. The economic history of the world indicates what conditions would exist if min ing no longer had a share in industrial and commercial life. Agricultural pursuits represent a large part of the development and usefulness of the natural resources of the country, but mining plays an equally important part. The vast mineral re sources called upon to make possible the modern industrial life and their proper production, expansion and utilization, will, in a large measure, be responsible for the scope, training and progress of future commercial and manufacturing possibili ties. A brief survey of the activities of Harry H. Shallenberger shows what an important part he has played in the mining interests in the northwest. His birth occurred in Brownsville, Pennsylvania, on the 13th of February, 1867, his parents being James A. and Sarah (Spindler) Shallenberger, both of whom are residing in Spokane. The father was a prominent boat builder in Pennsylvania where he re sided for many years. Harry H. Shallenberger was educated in the public schools of southwestern Pennsylvania and of Illinois. In 1886, when he was about twenty years of age, he came to Spokane and was employed by David Fotheringham for three years. Re alizing that if he were ever to meet with real success in the business world he must engage independently, he went into the contracting business in which he remained until 1893. In that year he removed to British Columbia and was one of the pioneers to enter that country. His enterprising spirit and his determination led him to proceed upon this course even though a trail had not then been cut. As soon as he arrived at the mining regions he succeeded in locating many good properties, and has since been instrumental in bringing considerable capital into that region from various parts of the country. He is now the controlling owner of the International Lead & Iron mine located in the boundary country and he has been working at it steadily for the last three years. He feels great confidence in the wealth of the mineral resources of this tract and is also a firm believer that its development will greatly advance the interests of Spokane. He is also the owner of other mining properties located between Phoenix and Greenwood, British Columbia. His uner ring energy and his keen prospective abilities along mining lines have been the chief elements of his success. On the 17th of June, 1903, at Spokane, Mr. Shallenberger was married to Miss Norene Pierce, a daughter of Joseph and Mary Pierce, of Sidney, Iowa. To their union one child, George, has been born, who is at present seven years of age and attending public school in Spokane. In politics Mr. Shallenberger gives his sup port to the democratic party. He holds membership in the Red Cross Lodge and the Knights of Pythias of Spokane. The business he transacts in his offices in the i^0Hi tmm% m* JH mmW&~ 1 W * w ¥$> A W Am ft A \ 1 w WW:WmW H. h. shallenberger SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 585 Columbia building attests his success in his mining undertakings, and also indicates the confidence and respect which those desiring to interest themselves in mining operations place in his judgment and advice. While Mr. Shallenberger has been interested in mining generally for the past fifteen or twenty years, for some years he has been devoting his time almost ex clusively to a study of the iron ore deposits in the northwest and in an attempt to develop that industry in that part of the country. His efforts in this direction in the face of the indifference, if not absolute doubt of the practicability of the manufacture of iron in this part of the country upon the part of capital and mining men generally, entitle him to be spoken of as the pioneer in this field of industry in the northwest. At the time of the writing of this article Mr. Shallen berger has about completed plans and made the necessary arrangements as to finan cial assistance for the establishing of blast furnaces and foundry for the making of cast iron pipe and other heavy casting at a point within a hundred miles of Spokane. His persistent and untiring efforts in this direction appear to at last be receiving their true recognition and the proposed undertaking therefore gives every promise of becoming the nucleus for the establishing of the iron industry in the northwest for which he has worked so consistently. R. P. MOORE, M. D. Dr. R. P. Moore, who for the past ten years has been county physician and health officer and is also president and general manager of the Davenport Hos pital, is one of the best informed and most highly successful physicians in Lincoln county. He is a native of Arkansas, his birth having occurred in Berryville, that state, on the 6th of December, 1860, his parents being A. G. and Nancy (Good) Moore, pioneers of Arkansas, who became successfully identified with the agri cultural interests of the state. Reared in the town of his birth in the acquirement of his early education, Dr. Moore attended the public schools, later supplementing the knowledge therein ac quired by a course in a private academy. Having determined to become a phy sician, in 1888 he went to St. Louis, Missouri, and pursued a preparatory med ical course for two years, after which he matriculated in the medical department of Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Tennesee, being graduated from this in stitution with the degree of M. D. in the class of 1893. Returning to Arkansas after the completion of his course he practiced for seven years in his home town, meeting with very good success. During four years of this period he was United States pension examiner, having been appointed to this position by President Cleveland. While practicing there he maintained relations with the members of his profession through the medium of his membership in the Carroll County and Tri-County Medical Societies and the Arkansas State Medical Association, having at one time been vice president of the latter organization. Believing in the oppor tunities, the rapid growth and the great future of the west, in 1898 Dr. Moore came to Washington, locating in Davenport. Shortly thereafter he was appointed surgeon for the Northern Pacific Railroad, ever since having been retained in this capacity. A man of strong personality, capable and efficient, his ability readilv 586 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE won recognition and when the Davenport Hospital was built, Dr. Moore was made president and general manager, and during the period of his connection with this institution has discharged his responsibilities in a manner to fully meet with the expectations of the board of directors. He has been called to various position of public trust in connection with his profession, and for the past ten years has most capably discharged the duties of county physician and health officer. In 1900 he was elected coroner of Lincoln county, serving as such for two terms. It was during the period of his incumbency that the famous outlaw, Harry Tracey, was shot, the event occurring twelve miles southwest of Davenport in 1901. For his services in this matter Dr. Moore was presented with a beautiful gold watch and chain by the posse, as an expression of their appreciation. In addition to his various public duties, Dr. Moore has a very large private practice, which is con stantly increasing. He is a man with high ideals as to the dignity and respon sibility of his profession and is constantly studying and striving to lift it to a higher standard, through his own rigid adherence to the ethics long ago established by precedent. As a practitioner he is progressive, keeping in close touch with every forward movement of his science through the medium of the medical and surgical journals, and readily adopts in his practice all new theories in the treat ment of disease, the efficacy of which he feels has been proven beyond question. On the 6th of February, 1896, was celebrated the marriage of Dr. Moore and Miss Delia Crider, a daughter of Jerry Crider, of Arkansas. One son has been born unto Dr. and Mrs. Moore, Clay C, who is still in school. Both Dr. and Mrs. Moore are members of the Christian church, and fraternally he is a Mason and a member of the Knights of Pythias. Professionally he is a member of the Lincoln County Medical Society, the State Medical Society and the American Medical Association, by means of which he keeps in close touch with his fellow practitioners. His political support he gives to the democratic party, tak ing an active interest in all local affairs, and has several times represented his district in the county conventions. Dr. Moore is very fond of all outdoor sports, particularly hunting, and is a marksman of unusual ability. During the early period of his residence in the state he was a member of the National Guard for three years, and at that time was the best marksman in the countv, while at the state tournament he lacked but three points of being the best in the state. De spite the exactions of his profession and his large practice, Dr. Moore is one of those men who always find time to fulfill their responsibilities as citizens, and ever gives his support and cooperation in forwarding every public movement or enter prise that he deems likely to promote the interests of the community at large. GEORGE AMBROSE HEIDINGER. George Ambrose Heidinger is the vice president and manager of the Eilers Music House of Spokane, which business he founded in 1900. In the intervening years his patronage has grown along substantial lines, owing to his enterprising methods and his own deep interest in the art of music. He was born in Johns- ville, Ohio, January 24, 1865, his parents being John Christian and Mary A. (Adams) Heidinger, the former a native of Brackenheim, Wiirtemberg, Germany, and the latter of Ohio, her birth having occurred in New Lancaster. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 587 In the country schools of his native state, George A. Heidinger pursued his education. He seems to have inherited the love of music so characteristic of the people of his race and nationality and it was therefore natural that when he started out in the commercial world he turned his attention to the music business, becoming connected with a house of that character in Dayton, Ohio, in 1882. He was continuously associated with the music trade in the middle west until 1888. He then came west and located in Seattle and in 1900 he came to Spokane to open up a branch establishment here for the Eilers Music House. Under his direction the business has grown to be one of the finest in the entire United States. The original location was in the Empire State building, whence a removal was after ward made to the corner of Post street and Sprague avenue. In the spring of 1911, however, the company began the erection of their present fine building, a seven story structure, on the same site, which was ready for occupancy on the 1st of January, 1912. The company utilizes the first three stories in connection with their piano trade, while the remainder is occupied by the Inland Club. To Mr. Heidinger must be given the entire credit for formulating and executing the plans for the erection of this fine business block. The house carries a large and well selected line of pianos, musical instruments and musical supplies and the trade covers a wide territory. Mr. Heidinger is the vice president and one of the di rectors of the Eilers Music House and is the manager for the Spokane branch of the business. In November, 1889, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Heidinger to Miss Georgiana M. Bruner, a daughter of Frank and Mary (Parker) Bruner, of Salem, Oregon. Her maternal grandparents crossed the plains by wagon in the '50s, settling in Oregon, and the town of Parkerville, that state, was named in their honor. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Heidinger has been born a daughter, Mable Perle, now the wife of William I. Cole, of Portland, Oregon. Mr. Heidinger gives his political support to the republican party but has never been a seeker for public office. He is prominent in Masonry and holds member ship with El Katif Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He also belongs to Spokane Lodge, No. 228, B. P. O. E. He holds membership in the Spokane and Inland Clubs, and is a member of the English Lutheran church — associations which in dicate much of the nature of his interests and the rules which govern his conduct. Those qualities which figure most strongly in honorable manhood — progressive citizenship and straightforward business activity — are manifest in his life. HOWARD L. FISK. Howard L. Fisk, owner and manager of the Valley Telephone Company, has spent the greater part of his life in Stevens county. He was born in Boone county, Iowa, on September 17, 1878, and is a son of L. W. and Julia (Simonds) Fisk, pioneers of Iowa whence they removed to Washington. Their latter days were spent in this county, the father passing away in 1894 and the mother in 1893. As he was only a lad of eight years when he accompanied his parents on their removal to this state, Howard L. Fisk acquired the greater part of his education in the public schools of Valley, which he attended until he was twenty. At that 588 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE time he took up his real life work, engaging in the hay pressing business, with which he continues to be identified. Five years ago he became interested in the telephone business and is now owner of the Valley telephone system, which con trols one hundred and thirty miles of line and has one hundred and fifty sub scribers. Mr. Fisk is a very capable young man, who in the brief course of his business career has given evidence of possessing the essential characteristics for success. On the 8th of September, 1907, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Fisk to Miss Pearl E. Day, a daughter of Orin and Carrie Day, residents of Valley. To Mr. and Mrs. Fisk there has been born one child, Albert L. Fraternally Mr. Fisk is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and Ancient Order of United Workmen, while both he and his wife hold member ship in the Methodist Episcopal church, in the work of which they take an active and earnest interest. In his political views Mr. Fisk is a socialist and has been constable of Valley for the past four years. He is an enthusiastic member of the Commercial Club, of which he is treasurer, and never lets an opportunity escape for lauding the town and its advantages. He is one of the enterprising and capable younger members of the business fraternity, who gives his hearty sup port and cooperation to promoting every movement that will further the interests of the community in the development of the town's resources or enterprises. S. WILLIS FOSTER. S. Willis Foster, an architect and builder of Sandpoint, has erected many of the large structures at that place which will long stand as monuments to his memory. His birth occurred in Pierce county, Wisconsin, on the 21st of December, 1863, his father being Andrew D. Foster. He lost his mother when very young and therefore has no recollection of her. His father came to Washington in 1883 and died in the Palouse country in 1884. When a lad of but twelve years S. Willis Foster began providing for his own support and at the same time managed to acquire an education, spending a part of his time at the normal school and the Iowa State College at Ames. After coming west with his father he followed the profession of teaching in the Silver Creek district between Farmington and Garfield, Washington, having as pupils many of the noted characters of that section. He taught for two terms and then went to Montana, there spending a few months in the employ of the Northern Pacific Rail road Company. Returning to the Palouse country, he embarked in business as a builder and in 1885 removed to Jackson county, Oregon, where he remained for a year and a half. Subsequently he resided for a year in Eugene, Oregon, still con tinuing his operations as a builder. In the fall of 1887 he again returned to the Palouse country and taught school for one year. In the winter of 1888-9 he worked for Mr. Bellinger at Farmington, Washington, that gentleman being the manager of the firm of Knapp, Burroughs & Company, engaged in the farming implement business. In May, 1889, he left that employ and became connected with the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company, assisting in building depots from Winona Junction to Rockford, Washington. About the 1st of July, 1889, immediately before the fire, S. WILLIS FOSTER SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 591 he came to Spokane and assisted materially in the rebuilding of the city. In the spring of 1890 he went to Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, working as a builder with others until the summer of 1891. In that year he erected the first sash and door plant at Coeur d'Alene, operating the same until 1893. He was then chosen a member of the city council of Coeur d'Alene. After discontinuing the operation of the sash and door plant he became bookkeeper for J. W. Wiggett and at the same time served as city clerk of Coeur d'Alene. In 1894 he removed to Wallace, and entered the service of Mr. Woods, assisting in the erection of the Masonic Temple at that place, where he remained until the summer of 1895. At that time he made his way to Spokane, where he was engaged in business as a builder and also conducted a sash and door establishment until 1907. That year witnessed his arrival at Sandpoint, Idaho, and here he has remained continuously since, having gained an enviable reputation as an architect and builder. He has erected many of the large and sub stantial structures of Sandpoint, numerous contracts having been awarded him in recognition of his skill and ability in the line of his chosen life work. On the 30th of August, 1891, Mr. Foster was united in marriage to Miss Laura Buckley of California, by whom he has a daughter, Edith, whose natal year was 1894. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, belonging to Lakeside Lodge, No. 42, A. F. & A. M.; Sandpoint Chapter, R. A. M.; and Coeur d'Alene Com mandery, K. T. In a review of his life it will be found that his success has come as the legitimate sequence of his persistency of purpose, his unwearied industry and his laudable ambition — qualities which any may cultivate and which never fail to bring the desired result. WILLIAM HOARE. In the business experience of practically all men who have made a success of life a great many changes and numerous caprices of fortune have come but few have had a riper experience along those lines than William Hoare, a millwright and miller by trade, formerly a farmer and brickmaker and at present a hardware merchant and bank director of Tekoa, Whitman county. He was born in Canada, November 1, 1848, the son of John and Catherine (Searson) Hoare, the former a native of England and the latter of Ireland. William Hoare was educated in the public schools of Canada, where his youth ful days were spent. At the age of twelve years he began serving his appren ticeship in the miller and millwright trades, at which he worked six years, when he removed to Oswego, New York, where he continued working at his trade. He later went to Cleveland, Ohio, and still later to Wisconsin. In 1867 he removed to Minnesota and engaged in the logging business, purchasing a half interest in a mill at Princeton. Two years' cuts of timber lay in the river and because it could not be driven to market it had to be sold for fire wood at a great loss to the company. The third year's cut was saved, however, and reached market in good condition. In 1875 he went to Dayton, Minnesota, where he again worked at his trade. The following year Mr. Hoare turned his face westward in search of a new place in which to operate and in July of that year reached Portland, Oregon, with ten cents in his pocket. There appeared to be no chance for him 592 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE to engage in his trade in Portland but, learning that a millwright was required at Statenville, Oregon, he went there and obtained a position. After complet ing the work there he went to Silverton, where he secured employment in the Coolidge & McClaine flour mill. He later went to Harrisburg, where he assumed charge of the Smith & Briggs mill, his salary being one hundred and fifty dollars per month, with the provision that if he was able to turn out five hundred barrels of flour per day the amount of his salary would be increased to two hundred and fifty dollars per month. He was successful in bringing the mill up to the desired capacity and obtained the larger salary promised. In 1877 Mr. Hoare returned to Minnesota for his family and brought them back to Harrisburg, where he re turned charge of the Smith & Briggs mill. This plant he ran night and day and in his excessive toil lost his health. It was at this period that he determined to locate in Washington and, arriving in Walla Walla in January, 1878, he remained there for a short time, after which he went to Dayton and later to Almota, where he began his search for land. There he took up one hundred and sixty acres of railroad land located on Deadman creek, Garfield county, but as the mill at Almota was in need of a miller he conducted it until 1885. In that year he came to Colfax and purchased a flour mill, which he operated for about two years, when, his health again becoming impaired, he sold out his business, later becoming asso ciated with James Bleeker and W. B. Spencer in the ownership and operation of a brickyard. In 1887 he and his partners, Messrs. Bleeker and Spencer,- re moved to Tacoma and installed a brickyard on Vashon island. He continued manu facturing brick at that point until 1888, when he sold out his interest. Removing to Tekoa, Whitman county, he purchased the property on which his store now stands and in the building which he erected upon it in the spring of 1889 he opened a hardware store in partnership with William Beach, the firm name being Beach & Hoare. This establishment was the first of its kind in Tekoa. In the spring of 1889 and during the following year he bought wheat for the Pacific Coast Elevator Company. In the spring of 1890, in partnership with a Mr. Sanders, Mr. Hoare bought out the interest of Mr. Beach in the hardware business, continuing under the firm name of Hoare & Sanders. This partnership relation existed until 1894, when Mr. Hoare bought Mr. Sanders' interest and has since conducted the business independently. In addition to his hardware interests he is a stockholder and director in the Tekoa State Bank. From 1894 to 1908 Mr. Hoare was engaged in farming, having at one time seven thousand acres under cultivation. This land was situated on the Coeur d'Alene reservation in Idaho. He is still a stockholder and has served as president of the Spokane Pressed Brick Company. At Princeton, Minnesota, in 1874, Mr. Hoare was married to Miss Carrie Wallace, a native of Canada and a daughter of John Wallace, who was born in Scotland. To this union were born four children, only one of whom, Bessie Irene, now survives. Those deceased are: Bunten; Ellen; and Fred W., who married Miss Annie Kerlin, of Iowa. His widow and son, Fred W., Jr., survive him, making their home in Tekoa. In his fraternal relations Mr. Hoare is a Mason, belonging to the blue lodge, of which he is a past master, and to the chapter, in which he has occupied all the chairs, and he also belongs to the shrine and commandery at Spokane. He is like wise a member of the Knights of Pythias, having occupied all the chairs in his SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 593 lodge. In his political affiliations Mr. Hoare is a democrat and he takes a lively interest in the affairs of his party. An interesting event in his life occurred dur ing the Chief Joseph Indian scare. Mr. Hoare was then residing in Almota and assisted in building the stockade around the Spalding Hotel at that place, furnish ing the sacks for that purpose. His career has been a varied one, yet from every point of view it has been successful in spite of the many difficulties under which he has labored. By his active participation in the commercial and industrial af fairs of the great northwest he has contributed in a large degree to its upbuilding and in the advancement of its interests he has always taken a deep interest. In his long connection with the business interests of Tekoa he has formed a large acquaintance among all classes of people and his business dealings have always been characterized by that sterling integrity and marked ability which have been noticeable all through his life. He belongs in the front rank of the respected and useful citizens of Tekoa. OSCAR FRED KELLY. Oscar Fred Kelly is a merchant and banker at Deer Park, his trade relations, however, covering a wide area, as his patronage comes to him from a distance of ten or fifteen miles. He was born in South Dakota, April 23, 1887, and is there fore yet a young man but his ability and aptitude for successful management have been tested and proven. His father, Peter J. Kelly, a native of Minnesota, was one of the pioneers of Deer Park, arriving here in 1889, at which time he turned his attention to merchandising. He erected the first store in the town and con tinued in business until his life's labors were ended in death. He was also one of the organizers of the First State Bank of Deer Park and one of its officers until his demise. He always took a prominent part in matters of public interest and his influence and aid were always given on the side of advancement and improve ment. He manifested in his life much of the versatility and ability derived from an Irish ancestry. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Eva Polford, was of English lineage and was also a native of Minnesota. She died in 1907, while Mr. Kelly passed away in 1908. Their children were: Oscar Fred; H. L., a marine in the United States navy at Bremerton, Washington; and Zora, living at Deer Park. O. F. Kelly, whose name introduces this record, has spent the greater part of his life in the town which is still his home and after completing his education in the Deer Park high school, he entered his father's store and became his successor at his death. In 1903 the father erected a fine two-story brick block, occupying the first floor with his stock of goods, while the second floor was fitted up for lodge purposes. The store today supplies the district for a radius of ten to fifteen miles and contains a full stock of staple and fancy groceries. Everything to be found in a modern establishment can be here secured and the business methods of the proprietor are such as will bear close investigation and scrutiny. In addition to his mercantile interests he is well known in banking circles, being the president of the First State Bank at Deer Park, his associate officers being E. Enoch, vice president and F. A. Reed, cashier. 594 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE On the 28th of September, 1908, Mr. Kelly was married at Deer Park to Miss Helen Long, a daughter of J. A. Long, who is a veteran of the Civil war. He came to the west from Pennsylvania and is of English descent. He was one of the pioneers of Deer Park, where he is now living retired. Mr. Kelly is a free holder of this place and owns considerable acreage outside. His political alle giance is given to the republican party and he is a stanch ally of its principles. In 1908-09 he served as a member of the city council and he has been a member of the executive committee of the Commercial Club. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias, in which he is a past chancellor commander and he also holds member ship with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Modern Woodmen of America. He is an active, progressive, enterprising young business man, his capabilities well entitling him to the position of leadership which he fills in the city where he makes his home. JAMES BERRIDGE. An inherent love of liberty and republican institutions is one of the character istics of James Berridge who for a number of years past has engaged in the hotel business at Mead and is one of the most respected citizens of Spokane county. This instinctive feeling actuated him as a young man to offer his services and, if necessary, his life in defense of the stars and stripes, and although he was a native of a foreign land he followed the flag through many of the most hotly contested battles of the Civil war, the scars which he bears being indisputable evidence of his courage and unswerving fidelity to the Union. He was born in England in 1841, a son of James and Sarah (Bennett) Berridge. The father emigrated to America with his family, when the son James was quite young, and located in Marion county, Ohio. He died in 1883 and his wife passed away in 1855. James Berridge grew to manhood in the Buckeye state and in the public schools received his preliminary education which has since been greatly broadened by read ing and contact with the world. On October 8, 1862, in response to the call of President Lincoln, he enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Twentieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which became a part of the Army of the West. He went to the front with his regiment and participated under General Sherman in the first battle of Vicksburg and in the engagement at Arkansas Post. The regiment was then transferred to General Grant's command and took part in the battles of Grand Gulf, Thompson's Hills, Raymond, Champion's Hill, Black River Bridge, Vicksburg and Jackson, Mississippi, also being present in many skirmishes. The regiment served under General Banks in the campaign along the Red river and proved one of the great fighting commands of the war. During- his military service Private Berridge was wounded at different times in the arm, forehead, stomach and thigh and was taken prisoner, being obliged to spend one year and twenty-four days be hind the stockades of the Confederacy. He continued in the army until after the close of the war and was honorably mustered out July 7, 1865, having at all times faithfully attempted to perform his duty. After laying aside the uniform and ac- countcrmcnts of war Mr. Berridge engaged in farming in Ohio. In 1885, having heard favorable reports concerning the advantages of the northwest, he came with SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 595 his family to Spokane county and on July 8, 1887, located one hundred and sixty acres of land upon which the town of Mead now stands. He continued actively as a farmer for a number of years but now devotes his attention principally to the hotel business. On the 21st of December, 1865, in Ohio, Mr. Berridge was married to Miss Hannah Philips, a daughter of Joseph and Mary Philips. To this union sixteen children were born, twelve of whom are deceased. Those who survive are: Mrs. Laura P. Clausen; James L., who married Marguerite Service; Thomas H., who wedded Anna Pedersen; and Joseph E. Mr. Berridge is a stanch believer in the Bible and he and his wife are members of the Methodist church. Politically he is identified with the republican party. He is a member of the Independent Order of Good Templars and was the organizer of the post of the Grand Army of the Re public at Mead. He laid out the town site of Mead and has always taken an ac tive interest in affairs of this region. He also originated the school district and served for twenty-four years most acceptably as a member of the school board. At the age of three score and ten Mr. Berridge looks back on many stirring scenes and he has the satisfaction of knowing that he assisted nobly in the greatest conflict of the nineteenth century and is one of the men whose deeds will be remembered long after the present generation has passed from the stage. He has through life been governed by a spirit of helpfulness to others and has been a true representative of progressive citizenship. The world pays tribute to men like Mr. Berridge and it is with pleasure that this simple record of a valiant soldier and true-hearted citizen is herewith presented. CHARLES O. SNAPP. Charles O. Snapp, the cashier of the Farmers & Merchants Bank of Springdale, is a native of Virginia, his birth having occurred in Burkes Garden, that state, on the 28th of December, 1884. He is a son of Joseph M. and Minnie L. (Smith) Snapp, who moved from Virginia to Washington in 1898, where they are still living, the father at the age of sixty-two and the mother fifty-four years of age. Reared in the parental home, Charles O. Snapp pursued his education in his native state until he had attained the age of fourteen years, when he accompanied his parents on their removal to Washington. They located at Oakesdale, in which public schools he continued his studies, later attending Blair's Business College at Spokane and terminating his student days by spending two terms in Bridle Creek Academy in Virginia. Upon his return to Washington he began his career by en tering the employment of the Spokane & Eastern Trust Company, of Spokane, re maining in the service of this company for two years. At the end of that time he went to Chewelah, where he spent six months in the First National Bank and then went to Colville and worked for eighteen months in the Bank of Colville. From there he came to his present position in the Farmers & Merchants Bank in Spring- dale, where he is still employed. Mr. Snapp is a capable young man, active and in dustrious, who energetically applies himself to the discharge of his duties. Mr. Snapp is unmarried. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and his political support is given to the democratic party. He takes an active interest in 596 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE municipal affairs and at the present time is filling the office of city treasurer, the re sponsibilities of which position he is discharging in a highly commendable manner. He is interested in the development of both the town and county and forwards on every opportunity the work of the Commercial Club of which he is a member. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN CAMPBELL. Benjamin Franklin Campbell, who established and owns the company organized as the Pullman Implement Company and now conducted under his name, was born in Fredonia, Kansas, on August 10, 1872, his parents being Wiley and Elizabeth (Mor gan) Campbell, both natives of Illinois. Reared in his native town to the age of twenty years, Benjamin Franklin Camp bell acquired his preliminary education in its common schools. In 1892 he ac companied a brother to Whitman county, locating upon a ranch in the cultivation of which he assisted for five or six years thereafter. As he was desirous of acquiring a better education, in the fall of 1892 he matriculated in the Washington State College, continuing to pursue his studies during the winter months, while he farmed in the summers until 1897. During the succeeding winter he taught a country school, but in the spring decided to turn his -attention to commercial pursuits and took a subagency for the Deering Harvester Company for Pullman. He gave this up in about a year and took a position with J. T. Lobaugh & Company, implement dealers, but he subsequently withdrew from the service of this company and entered the employ of the McCormick Harvester Company as traveling salesman. He continued in their service until 1901, when he went to work for S. A. Ferguson & Son, hardware and implement dealers at Dayton, Washington. At the expiration of three years he left their employ and took a position as collector with the Inter national Harvester Company. Having been engaged -in the implement business for about seven years in various capacities, he felt qualified to open an establishment of his own, being convinced that he was fully able to meet any situation or condi tion that might arise in the operation of such a place. Therefore, in 1905, he severed his connection with the International Harvester Company and established the Pull man Implement Company, now doing business under the firm style of B. F. Camp bell, of which he is sole proprietor. During the seven years he has been conducting this enterprise Mr. Campbell has manifested the qualities that assure success in com mercial activities. He has a full line of such machines and implements as are deemed essential to the modern agriculturist, all of high standard and representing the best factories in the country. His business is operated in strict accordance with the highest principles of commercial integrity, his methods at all times bearing the closest inspection and scrutiny. As a result he has met with a full measure of suc cess, his annual sales having shown a marked increase from year to year, and he is building up a strong, permanent following among the agriculturists of this vicinity. Pullman was the scene of Mr. Campbell's marriage on April 28, 1898, to Miss Tillie Peterman, a native of Kansas and a daughter of J. K. Peterman, and they are the parents of two daughters, Nellie June, born June 17, 1899, and Laura Pearl,, born March 15, 1901. B. F. CAMPBELL . SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 599 Mr. and Mrs. Campbell affiliate with the Methodist Episcopal church and fra ternally he is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, the Artisans and the Loyal Order of Moose, while in politics he is a republican. Among his fellow townsmen Mr. Campbell is known as a thoroughly reliable business man, progressive citizen and stanch friend, which substantial qualities well entitle him to be num bered among the representative residents of the community. THOMAS GRAHAM. Thomas Graham, who is successfully engaged in the operation of a ranch near Arden, in Stevens county, is officially identified with a number of the flourishing en terprises of Colville. He is a native of Ireland, his birth having occurred in Monaghan county on the 21st of June, 1868, his parents being Thomas and Rosana (Monaghan) Graham. During his early childhood the parents emigrated to the United States, settling on a ranch in the vicinity of Colville, in the cultiva tion of which the father engaged until his death in 1883. The mother passed away in 1904. When old enough to begin his education Thomas Graham was placed in the Sis- sters' school in the old mission near Colville, but later attended the public schools in Colville. Circumstances were such that it was necessary for him to lay aside his text-books at the age of thirteen years and assist his father in the work of the fields. The next year his duties and responsibilities were greatly increased by the death of his father, and during the succeeding thirteen years he remained on the ranch, which he cultivated for his mother. In 1895 he went to British Columbia and engaged in mining for six years. At the end of that time he returned to Col ville, settling on three hundred and twenty acres of land and has since devoted his time to its cultivation, his efforts having been rewarded in a most gratifying manner. In 1912 Mr. Graham purchased a large farm near Arden, Stevens county, where he now resides and thus he has become one of the important ranchmen of his com munity. In addition Mr. Graham is interested in a mining claim in the metaline copper country, the future of which he considers to be most promising. On th'e 9th of January, 1900, at Spokane, Washington, Mr. Graham was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Finnegan, a daughter of Patrick and Mary Anne Finnegan, and they have become the parents of five children: Mary Rose, Agnes Terresa; John Robert, Catherine Helen and Thomas Patrick. Both Mr. and Mrs. Graham are communicants of the Roman Catholic church in the faith of which they are rearing their children. Politically he is a democrat and takes an active interest in all governmental matters, and has several times been a delegate to the county conventions, while at the present time he is serving his sec ond term as a director in school district, No. 160. Fraternally he is identified with the Woodmen of the World and the Modern Woodmen of America, being an active member of each organization. He has always been numbered among the enterpris ing and progressive men of the county, and has at all times most enthusiastically championed the organization of the farmers for mutual benefit and protection, and was one of the incorporators of the Farmers' Cooperative store in Colville and is now one of the directors. He was also one of the organizers of the Colville Loan vol. in— 30 600 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE & Trust Company, and is a director of the Stevens County Producers' Association. All these are well established and thriving institutions of commercial activity. Mr. Graham is one of those who realize that farming is a business, and that its success is as dependent upon system and method in the direction of every depart ment and detail as a commercial enterprise, and it is by reason of his recognition of this fact that he has attained the position he holds among the ranchmen not only of his community but of the county. VICTOR DESSERT. The work which Victor Dessert performed in connection with the improvement of Spokane and the upbuilding of the Inland Empire entitles him to more than pass ing notice in this history. His was a busy and useful life, which contributed largely to the work of public progress as well as to individual success. He was born in Alsace-Lorraine, on the 28th of June, 1856, and came to America in 1872, when sixteen years of age, at which time he took up his abode in Cincinnati. He after ward went to St. Louis, where he secured employment and also attended school, al though his educational opportunities were somewhat limited. He left St. Louis to go to Louisiana, where for a time he had charge of a plantation upon which over one thousand negroes were working. From the south he made his way to Colorado and engaged in railroad work near Leadville and afterward conducted a general blacksmithing business at that place. He arrived on the Pacific coast in 1875 and was thereafter closely connected with its progress and upbuilding. He took charge of the blacksmith work along the lines of the Northern Pacific Railway, then in the course of construction, and afterward went to Walla Walla in the interests of the same company. He worked there and in other coast towns, always following blacksmithing, and in that way, through his unfaltering industry and capable man agement, acquired a small fortune. This he invested in the brewery business at Sprague when in 1881 he took up his permanent abode in Spokane. In the same year, however, he engaged in some mining deals in the Coeur d'Alenes and thus lost eighteen thousand dollars, which left him practically penniless. With resolute purpose and unfaltering courage, however, he went to work again and as liis labors brought him financial returns he made investments in Spokane real estate, so that at his death his holdings amounted to practically three-quarters of a million dollars. His later years were devoted entirely to the management of his real-estate and building operations. He first platted and disposed of what is now known as "De"ssert's five acre tract addition." In 1885 he built the first hotel erected in Spokane, known as the Russ House, situated on the present location of the Pacific Hotel. Two years later he replaced the original structure with the Pacific Hotel on the same site but it was burned in the great fire of 1889. In May. 1890, he be gan the rebuilding of the present Pacific Hotel and later added two additions to it. When opened it was the finest hostlery in the northwest and is still so regarded by many of the ranchers and old settlers throughout the Inland Empire. In 1888 he built the Cliff House, which is said to be about the only piece of property he ever sold. Ten years later he erected the Victor block on Wall street, running through from Sprague to First avenue, and in 1904 put up the Dessert block, situated at SPOKANE AND TFIE INLAND EMPIRE 601 the corner of Riverside and Bernard. Two years before this he had purchased the Van Houten block, known as the Pacific Halls, and later he instituted extensive im provements on that property. He also owned various unimproved lots in Spokane. In all of his investments he displayed remarkably sound judgment and keen sagacity and his success placed him with the foremost owners of real estate in the city. On the 4th of June, 1890, in Spokane, Mr. Dessert was united in marriage to Miss Louise Marschante, who also came from his native country of Alsace-Lorraine. They became the parents of a son, Victor, who was born on the 11th of June, 1891, and is now engaged administrating the estate in Spokane. Mr. Dessert did not belong to any orders or clubs but his business and social relations brought him a wide acquaintance and gained for him the high esteem of all who knew him. He passed away March 8, 1907. The large amount of property which he left to his family was a tangible evidence of his life of well directed energy, thrift and deter mination. He never had occasion to regret his resolution to come to the new world, for here he found the opportunities that he sought and in their improvement rose to prominence. HENRY M. LANCASTER. Henry M. Lancaster, who is one of the prominent and very successful mining engineers located in Spokane, was born in Keokuk, Iowa, on the 1st of May, 1875, a son of William S. and Mary (McKee) Lancaster. The father, whose birth oc curred in England in 1833, came to America with his parents in 1847, locating im mediately in Keokuk. Six years later he went to California while the gold excite ment was still drawing settlers to that state. Subsequently he went to the north western part- of the country and was one of the foremost pioneers of this section, engaging in freighting back and forth into Idaho and Montana. Finally he settled permanently in Rathdrum, Idaho, in 1888, and his death occurred in that place on the 23d of August, 1903. His name stands out prominently among those who did much for the development of the great northwest and much credit is given him by all historians of that section for the activities which owe their inception to his initiative. Henry M. Lancaster received his education in the public schools of South Dakota and Idaho and subsequently in the University of Idaho, from which in stitution he was graduated in the class of 1902 with the degree of E. M. Thus pre pared for a professional career he immediately started out to earn his own liveli hood, his first employment being with the War Eagle Mine at Rossland, British Columbia and at the Trail Smelter, Trail, British Columbia. In March, 1905, he became associated as engineer with Larson & Greenough at their Morning Mine, Mullan, Idaho, and when they disposed of it to the Federal M. & S. Company, Mr. Lancaster became connected with this latter company. He remained in their em- play until August, 1906, when he opened an office at Wallace, Idaho, and entered upon an independent career as mining engineer. In April, 1906, he was elected city engineer for a term of two years. He remained in that town until February, 1911, when he removed to Spokane, where he has since had offices in the Hutton building. He devotes his entire attention strictly to mining engineering, and be cause of his unremitting labor, conscientious attention and persistent energy in all 602 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE that pertains to his business undertakings, he is considered one of the most reliable mining engineers in this city. On the 10th of July, 1905, Mr. Lancaster was married to Miss Grace M. Bald win of Rathdrum, Idaho. She is a daughter of Warren W. and Silina (Grancy) Baldwin, who were among the early settlers of Rathdrum. Mr. Lancaster holds membership in the Rathdrum Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and in Lodge No. 21, of the Knights of Pythias of Trail, British Columbia. He is a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, and several other technical societies and clubs. HENRY SHERIDAN McCLURE. Henry Sheridan McClure, a member of the legislature, agriculturist and business man, was born in Lane county, Oregon, on the 23d of August, 1865, his parents be ing William H. and Amanda (Callison) McClure, natives of Indiana and Illinois re spectively. He is a grandson of Vincent S. McClure and Gilmore Callison. The father crossed the plains in 1853 with ox teams, and from that time made his home in the northwest. Henry S. McClure acquired his education in the public schools of Oregon and at the same time worked on the home farm. In 1880, when he was but fifteen years of age, his parents removed to Whitman county, five miles west of Palouse, where the father took up a homestead claim and Henry McClure again attended school. In 1881 he began working on a farm and was thus engaged for two years before purchasing one hundred and sixty acres adjoining the homestead and cultivating it independently. As he was financially able to do so he increased his holdings until he owned three hundred and twenty acres, all of which had been brought under a high state of cultivation and was proving highly productive. In 1905, however, he removed to Garfield, Washington, and engaged in the livery business. The fol lowing year he retired from that and again devoted his attention to his farm. In 1907 he engaged in the meat market business for two years and then was again busily occupied with the management of his agricultural pursuits. In 1911 he be came manager of the Garfield Union Warehouse Company. At one time he engaged in stock-raising on six hundred and forty acres of land and in that met with the success which has attended the greater number of his efforts. He is a stockholder and director in the Garfield Town & Rural Telephone Company, of which he was at one time secretary and manager. In Whitman county, in 1887, Mr. McClure was married to Miss Nancy E. Hod gen, a daughter of Jacob and Martha (Thurman) Hodgen. To this union four children were born: Edith L. and Velma B., who have died; and Henry A. and Neal C, both of whom are residing at home. In politics Mr. McClure gives his support to the republican party and has been most active in its circles both in Whitman county and throughout the state of Wash ington. He has served as member of the school board for several terms, and from 1906 to 1909 was mayor of Garfield and represented the eighth district in the state legislature from 1909 to 1911. In religious faith he holds membership in the Christian church of which he is a trustee. Fraternally he is a member of the Farm ers' Union and Garfield Lodge, No. 51, of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 603 which organization he has held all the chairs. His labors in behalf of the public wel fare as well as of the individual interests are effective and practical. He is a man of strongly marked character who has come to be recognized as a forceful element in the community, and his sterling personal traits of character have won him the high regard of all with whom he has been associated. HON. WILLIAM CHARLES McCOY. Hon. William Charles McCoy, mayor of Oakesdale, Whitman county, Washing ton, is a man who has, through a varied career, gained broad experience and brings to the office, which he is now holding with distinction to himself and satisfaction to his constituents and the city generally, those qualities of executive ability which are so necessary in connection with official duties of that character. He was born in Benton county, Oregon, September 2, 1856, a son of James F. and Margaret (Hap- tonstall) McCoy, natives of Indiana and Ohio respectively. In 1853 the parents removed to the Pacific coast, laboriously crossing the plains by the old method of ox teams, and located in Oregon. William Charles McCoy spent his boyhood days in Oregon, where he attended the public schools and obtained a good education. In 1877 the family removed to Whitman county, Washington, and took up a government homestead of one hundred and sixty acres and also one hundred and sixty acres under the timber culture laws, where the town of Oakesdale now stands. After remaining a short time in Wash ington William McCoy returned to Oregon where he finished his education by taking a course in Philomath College. During this time Mr. McCoy taught school to pay for his education. From 1881 until 1883 he clerked in a store and in the spring of 1884 removed to a farm located on the present site of Oakesdale, and there engaged in agricultural pursuits in connection with his father and brothers. In 1885 the town of Oakesdale was laid out and Mr. McCoy with his brother-in-law and father- in-law built the first store in the town and engaged in the general merchandising business. This firm continued from 1886 until 1890 under the style of Henkel, Mc Coy & Company. In 1890 Mr. McCoy sold out his interest in the business and, having faith in the future of the town, installed an electric light plant and con ducted it until 1892. From 1892 to 1896 he was engaged in the raising of stock and in the latter year embarked in the livery business which he followed until 1906. Since that time he and his brother have operated twelve hundred acres of land. Mr. McCoy was married at Philomath, Oregon, in June, 1881, to Miss Elizabeth Henkel, a native of Oregon and a daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Woods) Hen kel, both born in Ohio. To this union were born three children: Libbie, now Mrs. E. M. Brower, of Sandpoint, Idaho, who has one daughter; and Addie and Neil, both residing at home. Politically Mr. McCoy is loyal in his allegiance to the republican party. He has taken an active interest in politics, and in the fall of 1904 was elected to the position of county commissioner and served in that capacity six years. He served as a member of the state legislature in 1910 and 1911 and in addition to his present office of mayor has several times before served his city in the capacity of councilman and has been a member of the school board for twelve years. His fra ternal affiliation is limited to membership in the Masonic lodge. He is a member 604 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE of the United Brethren church, which was the first church to be built and main tained in Oakesdale. In point of business ability, loyalty to his town and com munity, and service in various public offices the Hon. William Charles McCoy is one of the most prominent and valued citizens of Whitman county. Always taking a deep interest in those affairs which make for the betterment of a community along business, social and educational lines, he has formed a wide and close acquaintance ship. In his political connection with his county and state he has always performed valiant service for the town, county and commonwealth of which he is a citizen. It is altogether probable that in Whitman county there will be found no man who in point of the various phases of service which he has rendered to the public could conscientiously lay claim to a more distinctly honorable and successful career than that of the Hon. W. C. McCoy. ANDREW LAIDLAW. Various corporate interests claim the attention and profit by the cooperation of Andrew Laidlaw, who is operating extensively in the coal lands of the northwest, be ing financially interested in many of the leading mines of this section. In developing the natural resources of the district, he is also contributing to the permanent up building of the country which always has its root in business activity. He was born upon a farm near Drumbo, Ontario, Canada, March 2, 1864, and following his father's death, which occurred ten years later, accompanied the family on their removal to Woodstock, Oxford county, Ontario, where he acquired a common and high school education. When his text-books were put aside, he turned his at tention to the printing business, learning the trade, and at the age of twenty-one, he was business manager and part owner of the leading newspaper of Woodstock. He thus early showed forth the elemental strength of his character and called into ac tivity the salient energies and possibilities of his nature. He remained in Wood stock until 1892, when he disposed of his interest in the printing business to his partner and removed to Gait, Ontario, where he purchased the leading newspaper of that town, and soon afterward began the publication of the first daily paper in the city of Gait. All this time he was becoming more and more widely acquainted with the country and its possibilities, and after six years, decided to try his fortune in the west. Since 1898 he has resided continuously in Spokane. Prior to his arrival he had conducted a brokerage business in Rossland stocks, and upon coming to this city, he again entered the brokerage field. Mr. Laidlaw, while thus operating, went east and raised capital to the amount of about two hundred and fifty thousand dollars in order to acquire a number of copper properties in the Boundary country near Greenwood and Phoenix, British Columbia, and he erected the standard prytic smelter at Boundary Falls, British Columbia, now owned by the Dominion Copper Company. While promoting this enterprise, Mr. Laidlaw was in Greenwood for the greater part of a year or more. He became interested in coal lands in the Crow's Nest district in British Columbia in 1902, and has been actively interested in coal lands and coal stocks since that time, his holdings in British Columbia and Alberta coal properties now being very large. Among the different companies with which he is connected, ANDREW LAIDLAW SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 607 are the following: Jasper Park Collieries, Limited; Coal Securities, Limited; Royal Collieries, Limited ; Oyster Harbor Collieries, Limited ; Galbraith Coal Company. Limited; Durham Collieries, Limited; Colfax Coal & Coke Company; People's Coal Company, Limited; The Alberta Coal & Coke Company; and Princeton Collieries, Limited. Mr. Laidlaw is the secretary and treasurer of the Imperial Investment Company of Spokane, the ownership of which he, shares with Mrs. Laidlaw, and is the principal owner of the Clay Products Company of Spokane. In 1889 Andrew Laidlaw was married at Hamilton, Ontario, to Miss Clara Laird, and they have two daughters, Ellenore and Phyllis. Theirs is a home of culture, furnished with everything that wealth can secure, and refined taste suggests. It is said that every man has a hobby, and if this is so, Mr. Laidlaw's is horses, for he has a great admiration for horses and in his stables he has some of the finest heavy har ness and saddle horses in America. Such a record as Mr. Laidlaw has made, needs little comment. Without special family or pecuniary advantages at the outset of his career, he'has made continuous progress, his success being attributable largely to the fact that he has thoroughly mastered everything that he has undertaken and has thus been equipped for further progress. He has never studied any question from but one standpoint, and has thus been enabled to base his opinions upon clear understanding, taking into consideration possibilities as well as existing conditions. Sound judgment has been the basis of his profitable investments, making his name a conspicuous one in mining circles in the northwest. GEORGE P. TURNER. The late George P. Turner was one of Lincoln county's most estimable pioneer citizens. He was born in Macklefield, England, on the 24th of July, 1822, his parents being John and Elizabeth Turner, who passed their entire lives in the mother country. The first eighteen years in the life of George P. Turner were passed in his native land, where he acquired a good common school education. While still in his ear-ly youth he came to the conclusion that the United States afforded better advantages for enterprising young men than were to be found in his own country, and in 1839 he took passage for America. He first located at Rochester, New York, where he remained for several years, in various vocations. From there he went to Burlington, Iowa, and resided for three years carrying on a large boot and shoe establishment, and in 1850 he crossed the plains to the goldfields of California. During the suc ceeding ten years he devoted his energies to such occupations as were afforded on the Pacific coast at that time, but having been trained to habits of thrift he was dissatisfied with this mode of living. Therefore, in 1860, he returned to Iowa and turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, devoting his entire energies to general farming and stqck-raising with varying degrees of success for twenty-five years. At the expiration of that period he disposed of his property there and together with his wife and family crossed the plains to the northwest, with Washington as his des tination on this occasion. Upon his arrival he located in Lincoln county, filing on a homestead in the vicinity of Davenport. He applied himself to the development 608 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE and improvement of his place until his death on the 18th of October, 1894. His long years of experience and progressive yet practical ideas enabled Mr. Turner to succeed in his activities and he became recognized as one of the most capable and prosperous ranchmen in the community. He was in many ways a most unusual man, of strong character and marked individuality. He had traveled extensively and read broadly on a variety of subjects and was well informed on all modern topics of interest. Keen observtion and deep thinking had caused him to form very decided opinions on many subjects and his advice was often sought by his large circle of acquaintances who placed the most implicit confidence in his judgment. On the 8th of May, 1860, in Louisa county, Iowa, Mr. Turner was united in mar riage to Miss Sarah J. Dotson, a daughter of Bazzel S. and Mary (Davison) Dot- son, natives of Washington county, Pennsylvania. The parents came to Iowa in 1844, and there the father followed the cooper's trade in early days and also en gaged in agricultural pursuits. Nine children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Turner, four of whom are deceased. Those who lived to attain maturity are as follows: Mary Adaline, the wife of Walter Mann, of Everett, Washington; and Arthur Hampton, George A., and Mark E., all of whom are residents of Davenport; and H. C. who is mentioned at greater length elsewhere in this work. Those deceased are as follows: Laura I., the wife of William Rambo; Elmer E.; Harry; and Florence A., wife of A. T. Greene, of Waterville, Washington. There are also nine living grandchildren in the Turner family: Dale Greene; Earl and Florence Rambo; and Florence, Cecil, Beatrice, Russell, Vera and Harold Turner. Mr. Turner was reared in the faith of the Church of England, but in later life he affiliated with the Presbyterian church of which his wife was also a member. He was a worthy exemplar of the Masonic fraternity and in politics he was a re publican. Although he was never an aspirant to public honors or the emoluments of office he took an active interest in all things pertaining to the welfare of his community, and always gave his unqualified indorsement to every progressive move ment. His death was the occasion of deep and widespread mourning among all who knew him, as he was a man of many sterling qualities, which had been thoroughly tested and never found wanting during the long period of his residence in this county. He is survived by his widow who continues to make her home on the ranch, which she has witnessed develop from a tract of unbroken prairie into a beautiful farm, equipped with all modern improvements and facilities. EDWIN EUGENE PADDOCK. Prominently identified with the mercantile trade of Whitman county, Washing ton, is Edwin Eugene Paddock, conducting a general mercantile business at Farming- ton. He was born in Herkimer county, New York, March 30, 1851, a son of Fred erick and Emily (Smith) Paddock, both natives of that state. The Paddock family was established in this country in the ante-Revolutionary days and the subject of this review is a grandson of Samuel Paddock, of Connecticut, and a descendant of John Paddock, of the same state, who was born in 1754 and was a soldier in the war for independence. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 609 Edwin E. Paddock was educated in the district schools of New York, finishing at Winfield Academy. In 1865 he entered the employ of the Remington Gun Com pany at Ilion, New York, remaining for two years. He then took a course in Whites- town Seminary and at Madison Business College. In 1868 he went to New York city where he was employed in a watch factory until 1871, when he removed to Chicago, Illinois, where he secured employment in the Cornell Watch factory, re maining until in 1873. He then removed to California, settling in Merced county securing employment there in an express office. In 1879 he drove overland to Farmington, Whitman county, Washington, and during the first winter of his resi dence in this state he carried the mail between Farmington and Moscow. In July, 1880, he built and established the first drug and jewelry store in Farmington. In 1882, while conducting that enterprise, he engaged in the implement trade and continued in these lines of business until in 1896. During 1895, however, he em barked in the notion and grocery business but, securing a good opportunity to sell the drug and implement business did so in 1896. In that year his store and entire stock was destroyed by fire, but he immediately resumed business in .the general mer cantile line, being still thus engaged. He has been successful in his operations and has added from time to time to his stock and fixtures until at present he has one of the largest stores in the county. Mr. Paddock was married, in Farmington, Washington, in 1881, to Miss Anna A. Brand, a native of Missouri and a daughter of Dr. John M. Brand, formerly of Kentucky. They have become the parents of three children, all yet at home, Anna Albra, Fred E. and Maude. In his political views Mr. Paddock is a democrat. He has been active as a politician, having held the position of postmaster from 1880 until 1886, and from 1894 until 1898. He has also been mayor of Farmington for two terms, as well as a member of the school board for several terms. Possessing broad business knowledge and experience and taking an active interest in civic, political and educational affairs, Mr. Paddock has become extremely well and favorably known throughout Whitman county where he is respected by all who know him. His business and official career has been successful and in his activities in the various lines in which he has conspicuously figured he has contributed in no small degree to the advancement of civilization and well being of the county and city of which he is a resident. PATRICK HENRY WALL. Patrick Henry Wall has by reason of his capabilities become recognized as one of the successful lumbermen of Kootenai county, of which he has been a resident for eleven years. He was born at Stafford Springs, Connecticut, January 5, 1865, a son of Michael and Johanna (Kane) Wall. When he was still a child his parents removed to Wisconsin, where thereafter they made their home. The public schools of Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, provided Patrick Henry Wall with a good practical education. At the age of eighteen years he laid aside his text books and began to work in the lumber woods of Wisconsin. In 1893 he entered the service of the Meehan Lumber Company, of Thief River, Minnesota, in the 610 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE capacity of superintendent of their mill, continuing with them for seven years. At the end of that time he came to Harrison as sales agent for the St. Joe Lumber Com pany of that place. Enterprising and capable, as well as thoroughly trustworthy, he early gave evidence of possessing more than average executive ability and was subsequently advanced until he became president of the company, which position he still holds. Mr. Wall is thoroughly familiar with every detail of the business, having begun when only a youth in the woods. He has worked in every department, de voting his entire time acquiring an intelligent knowledge not only of lumber and the markets but of forestry in general. In 1905 he organized the Lane Lumber Com pany, of which he has been the president and manager ever since its incorporation. On the 6th of October, 1909, Mr. Wall was married to Miss Ella M. Kingsley, of Spokane, Washington, and they have become the parents of one son, Patrick Henry, Jr., whose birth occurred in September, 1910. Mr. Wall makes his home in Harrison, which has been his headquarters ever since settling in the state, and among whose citizens he numbers many friends, who esteem him not only for his business ability, but because of his many fine personal qualities. MICHAEL K. WALL. Michael K. Wall, a brother of Patrick Henry Wall, with whom he has been as sociated during the entire period of his business career, was born in Stafford Springs, Connecticut, August 21, 1869. He was educated in the public schools of Chippewa Falls, following which he engaged in the lumber business, going to Thief River, Minnesota, with his brother, as bookkeeper and cashier of the Meehan Lumber Company. He is now secretary of the Lane Lumber Company as well as the St. Joe Lumber Company, both of Harrison. Mr. Wall was married on the 28th of June, 1910, to Miss Agnes C. McEntee, a daughter of Patrick McEntee. One child has been born unto Mr. and Mrs. Wall, a daughter, Agnes May, whose birth occurred on May 2, 1911. Mr. Wall is a resident of Harrison among whose citizens he is highly regarded. Both he and his wife are communicants of the Roman Catholic church, and he is also a member of the Knights of Columbus of Coeur d'Alene. WILLIAM HUNTLEY. William Huntley, vice president of the Exchange National Bank, is recognized in business circles as a man of keen discernment and of marked sagacity, as is evidenced in the judicious investments which he has made and which have returned to him the gratifying rewards of industry, sound judgment and capable management. Various business projects have profited by his cooperation and his ability to control important and intricate interests, and he is today one of the prominent representatives of finan cial affairs in Spokane. He has displayed both originality and initiative in the hand ling of his business interests, which he has recently incorporated under the name of WILLIAM HUNTLEY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 613 the Huntley Investment Company, in which equal shares are held bv his wife, their ten children and himself. Mr. Huntley was born in Pike county, Illinois, September 19, 1858, a son of Alonzo and Paulina (Smith) Huntley. The latter is still living but the father died in 1899. The son enjoyed but limited educational opportunities, for when only nine years of age he took his place as a regular hand in the fields. At ten years of age he was herding cattle and he remained upon the home farm until he had completed his first two decades of life. The last ten years of that period were spent in Missouri, to which state his parents had removed about 1868. At length he started out in life on his own account and took up the occupation to which he was reared, following farming in Missouri until the spring of 1884, when he removed west to the Palouse country, settling near Endicott, Washington. There he homesteaded one hundred and sixty acres of land and used all his rights. He next engaged in the live-stock business, in which he continued until about 1909. As he prospered he also extended his efforts in other directions, became interested in a bank at Colfax, established the bank at Endicott and became owner of a store at St. John and another at Colfax, both of which he still owns in addition to six thousand acres of valuable land in the Palouse country. He has operated even more largely along business lines in Spo kane. He was connected with the establishment of the Powell-Sanders Company of this city, of which he is still a director, and when the capital stock of the Exchange National Bank was raised from two hundred and fifty to seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars he bought in, became a director and has served as vice president of the bank during the past four years. The capital stock of the Exchange National Bank was later raised to one million dollars, and Mr. Huntley is now the largest stockholder in this institution. He is president of the Mechanics Loan & Trust Com pany; president of the Farmers & Mechanics Bank of this city; secretary of the In land Brewery Company ; secretary of the Boise Brewery Company ; and a director and stockholder of the American Building Company. He also has extensive inter ests in other institutions and business enterprises of Spokane and his cooperation is a prized factor in the management and support of business projects. On the 4th of January, 1883, when in Missouri, Mr. Huntley was united in mar riage to Miss Emma Langford, of Audrain county, that state. Twelve children have been born unto them, of whom ten are living. The married daughter, Grace Lorean, became the wife of Ira Hunt in 1907 and lives with her husband at No. 1604 Fourth avenue. The other children are: Jesse Blain, a trustee of the Huntley Investment Company; Mabel Frances; Carl Raymond, aged nineteen; Lawrence Piatt, a youth of seventeen; Eunice Leta, who is fourteen years old; Elva Dean, aged thir teen ; Emma Lilly, who is ten years of age ; and Ralph William and Clarke Valentine, who are eight and six years of age respectively. It is said that when Mr. and Mrs. Huntley were married her parents were reluctant to give their consent because of the meager financial resources of the prospective husband, whose sole possessions con sisted of a team of mules. This opposition was overcome, however, and two years after their marriage the young couple started for the Palouse country and, as pre viously stated, preempted a claim four miles west of Endicott. Subsequently they occupied a home about a mile from that town for fifteen years or until they came to Spokane in 1902. In the meantime Mr. Huntley had given ample demonstration of his worth and resourcefulness in business and in July, 1910, he organized the Hunt ley Investment Company, of which he is a trustee, a unique corporation providing 614 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE against the division, distribution or dissolution of the Huntley estate and retaining Mr. Huntley as manager for twenty years. Arrangements were made for the dis tribution of the income among the husband, wife and ten children, each receiving equal shares save that the special provision has been made that Mrs. Huntley's in come shall never be less than three hundred dollars a month for herself and one thou sand dollars a year for each of her seven minor children. The company was incor porated for one million, two hundred thousand dollars, the incorporators being Wil liam Huntley, Emma V. Huntley, Jesse B. Huntley, the eldest son, and Edwin T. Coman, president of the Exchange National Bank. Its trustees for the first six months were William Huntley, Jesse B. Huntley and Edwin T. Coman. The incor poration is for a period of fifty years and its objects and purposes are, generally, to buy, sell, encumber and otherwise deal in real and personal property, lands, mines, mill sites, town sites, irrigation ditches, stocks, bonds and negotiable paper. The stockholders are empowered to increase the number of trustees from time to time, this provision enabling them to make places on the board for such of the children as may develop sufficient interest and ability to justify the appointment as they grow to ma turity, Mr. Huntley taking this method of stimulating the interest of his sons that they may eventually assume the management of the estate for themselves and their sisters. At the end of the twenty-year period in which Mr. Huntley is to serve as manager, the Mechanics Loan & Trust Company, of which he is president, is directed to assign and deliver to each living child or to direct descendants' of such as are not living, their respective interests in the one million dollars of trusteed stock. One feature of Mr. Huntley's business that has ever awakened surprise and admiration among his associates and colleagues is his remarkably retentive memory. He has never kept an ordinary system of bookkeeping and but few memorandums, relying entirely upon his memory not only for the principal features of his business but also for the details connected with every transaction. He seems to have almost intuitive perception as to the value of a business situation or the opportunity for investment. In his political views Mr. Huntley is a republican and during his residence in Whitman county served as county commissioner. He belongs to the Masonic lodge and also holds membership with the Elks and the Spokane Club. His is one of the life records which make the history of the western country read almost like a ro mance. There have seemed to be no setbacks in his career, his path on the contrary being marked by continuous progress, bringing him at last to rank with the million aire residents of Spokane and the Inland Empire. FRANK M. WINSHIP. Frank M. Winship, who is one of the well known business men of Saint Maries, having been identified with the mercantile interests here for the past eight years, is a native of Wisconsin. He was born in La Crosse on the 16th of September, 1854, and is a son of George D. and Abigail H. (Bailey) Winship. In the maternal line he belongs to an exceedingly long lived family, his grandfather Bailey having at tained the age of one hundred years and four months at the time of his demise. Dur ing his very early boyhood the family residence was changed to Minnesota, where the parents thereafter made their home. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 615 As he was very young when his people removed from Wisconsin, Frank M. Win ship is indebted to the public-school system of Minnesota for his education. His school days were terminated at the age of fourteen years when he apprenticed him self to the printing trade, his period of service continuing until 1872. He then went to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he worked as a compositor for eight years, sub sequently removing to Grafton, North Dakota, where he embarked in the newspaper business as editor of the Grafton News. In 1888 Mr. Winship again started west ward, this time locating in Sprague, Washington, becoming editor of the Sprague Herald, with which publication he was identified for eight years. Disposing of his paper, he went to Spokane and bought out The Quick Job Printing Establish ment, conducting this until the spring of 1902. He then sold his business to Frank Gregg, the present owner, and during the following year did not engage in any thing. In the spring of 1903 Mr. Winship came to Saint Maries and became asso ciated with M. C. Henderson in buying out the mercantile business of M. D. Wright. This enterprise, which was incorporated in 1905 with F. M. Winship, president, and M. C. Henderson, secretary and treasurer, has ever since been conducted under the firm name of Winship & Henderson. It is one of the thriving concerns of the town and is enjoying a large and constantly growing patronage. On the 20th of October, 1875, Mr. Winship was married to Miss Mattie J. Simonds, a daughter of Thomas Simonds of Long Prairie, Minnesota. One child was born of this union, Nellie A., who married Mr. M. C. Henderson and has one son, Frank C, who is a lad of six years. Fraternally Mr. Winship is a member of the Masonic order being a member of the Royal Arch chapter, of Sprague, Washington, and he also belongs to the Knights of Pythias, having joined this organization in 1888. He has passed through all of the chairs of this lodge and is now a member of the Red Cross Lodge, No. 28, Spokane, Washington. Mr. Winship is public-spirited and always takes an active and helpful interest in all political affairs. He served as a member of the board of aldermen while living in Sprague, and represented his district in the Idaho legislature in the sessions of 1909 and 1910, while at the present time he is a mem ber of the board of trustees of Saint Maries, in which capacity he is giving efficient JOHN MITCHELL McLEAN. Well and favorably known among those who have been interested in various enterprises in Washington is John Mitchell McLean, whose parents were Joseph W. and Rebecca (Davidson) McLean, natives of Ohio and Indiana respectively. In 1852 the parents cast in their lot with a large party of enterprising citizens of the middle west who crossed the plains to the Pacific slope. They made the journey with ox teams and the trip required six- months. The family settled in the Willam ette valley. The son, John Mitchell McLean, was born in Lane county, Oregon, May 30, 1855, and was educated in the public schools of that state. In 1871 he began giving his entire attention to assisting his father at home on the farm where they raised wheat and oats, .bred cattle and horses, and also operated a hop yard for five years. In 1878 the son removed overland to Whitman county, Washington, 616 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE and took up a government homestead of one hundred and sixty acres on Pine creek where he lived and in the process of time secured his patent from the United States government. He was a successful farmer and from time to time increased his hold ings of land until he was operating five hundred and forty acres. In 1888 he was elected sheriff and served until 1893, or two terms, when he removed to Oakesdale and became vice president of the Commercial State Bank, a position which he continued to hold until 1895, when he sold his banking interests and returned to his farm, where he remained actively engaged in his agricultural pursuits until 1900, when he again came to Oakesdale and retired from active business life. In 1905 he removed with his family to Spokane for the purpose of giving his children better school ad vantages but in 1909 returned to the farm, the' actual work of which, however, is carried on by a renter. From 1905 until 1908 he was interested in real estate. He was one of the incorporators of the Commercial State Bank in 1891 and was inter ested in the local telephone company. Mr. McLean was married, in Whitman county, Washington, in 1887, to Miss Laura I. Scott, a native of Missouri and a daughter of Charles B. and Sarah (Bar- nett) Scott, both of whom were born in Virginia. To this union were born two chil dren, Ruth Orphe and Joseph Scott. In his political views Mr. McLean is a democrat. In addition to his several years' of service as sheriff he served as councilman in Oakesdale for three terms and has long been a member of the school board. Fraternally he belongs to the Masonic order of which he is past master, is a Royal Arch Mason and also is a member of the Order of the Eastern Star. He belongs to the United Artisans, the Woodmen of the World and the Farmers Union. Both he and his wife are members of the Congregational church and they are actively interested in the work of that religious body. During his long residence in the comparatively new state of Washington Mr. McLean has witnessed many changes, experienced not a few hardships and it has fallen to his lot to take an active and important part in the building up of the pres ent splendid civilization which this state now enjoys. Actively engaged in business for so many years, in connection with agricultural and banking interests, and hold ing various offices of public trust, he has gained a large circle of warm friends liv ing in all parts of the county. His efforts have been untiring, the advancement of the interests of his county being always kept in view. There are indeed a large number of prominent men in Whitman county by the combined efforts of whom the present condition of prosperity and advancement has been brought about, and on this honored list the name of John Mitchell McLean is prominently written. RUSSELL F. BLACKWELL. Prominently associated with various business enterprises in the Inland Empire Russell F. Blackwell, vice president and general manager of the Idaho & Washing ton Northern Railroad, and a resident of Spirit Lake, Idaho, belongs to the younger generation of business men who have risen rapidly to the top by virtue of their willingness to work, their spirit of fortitude and their determination to win. He is only thirty-three years of age, his birth having occurred March 8, 1879, in Drift wood, Pennsylvania. His parents are I'red A. and Isabella (Bell) Blackwell. After SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 617 an elementary education in the public schools of his native town he attended the business university at Rochester, New York, and at the age of fifteen commenced to work securing a position in the supply store of the Lumbering Company at North Bend, Pennsylvania. At seventeen he was promoted to the position of manager of the supply store continuing in this capacity for three years. He then entered his father's employment assisting him in the management of a lumber business in Penn sylvania and by the end of 1903 had charge of the lumbering and railroad work in Potter and Clinton counties in that state. In 1904 he came to Coeur d'Alene and associated himself with his father, acting as manager of the Coeur d'Alene & Spo kane Railroad for four years. At the time of its merger with the Spokane & Inland Electric Railway Company in 1908 he resigned his position and came to Spirit Lake and here assumed active part in the construction of the Idaho & Washington North ern Railroad, becoming the vice president and manager of the company, the posi tion which he still holds. He is financially interested in various business enterprises being a director of the bank of Spirit Lake, vice president and director of the Pan handle Lumber Company and vice president and director of the Spirit Lake Land Company. Watchful of every opportunity which has come within the scope of his activities he has made steady progress in building up his career and is accounted one of the substantial and reliable business men in this locality. On October 30, 1899, Mr. Blackwell was united in marriage to Miss Pauline Kelly, a daughter of H. B. Kelly, of Bradford county, Pennsylvania. They are the parents of two children: Frederick, born in 1905, and Robert, born in 1911. Fra ternally Mr. Blackwell is associated with the Masonic order belonging to the Coeur d'Alene Commandery of the Knight Templars and to El Katif Temple of the Mystic Shrine of Spokane, Washington. He belongs to the Inland Club of Spokane and in 1905 became a member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Actively interested in every measure designed to promote general commercial pros perity as well as to advance his own interests Mr. Blackwell faces a promising future which will without doubt bring him many more opportunities whereby he can prove his mettle and add to his excellent record in commercial achievements. EDWARD F. BETZ. A natural aptitude for financial and business affairs, a good education and prac tical knowledge of the world assisted Edward F. Betz very materially in advancing to the responsible position he occupies as president of the National Bank of Cheney. He was born in Cass county, Illinois, September 20, 1863, a son of John H. and Sybil (Hichern) Betz, the former of whom was born in 1830 and the latter in 1840. The father was a soldier in the Civil war and served in Company K, Thirty-third Illinois Volunteers. He participated in the battle of Vicksburg and in many other important engagements and movements of the Rebellion. Mr. Betz of this sketch began his early education in his native state but at nine years of age was brought to Cheney, Washington, coming to the northwest by way of California and Oregon. He attended the public schools of Cheney and later worked on a farm near town. Feeling the importance of additional education, he entered the Cheney Normal School and took a course extending over a period of 618 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE three years. After leaving school he applied himself to farming with very gratifying results and gained a position as one of the most successful farmers in this part of the county. In 1908 he moved to town and has since served as president of the National Bank of Cheney. He is greatly interested in the bank, and having a com prehensive understanding of the principles upon which such an institution should be conducted and a thorough acquaintance with the resources of this section, his ad ministration has resulted in a steady development of business and in highly gratify ing annual returns. On the 27th of December, 1905, Mr. Betz was married to Miss Sue Gaines, a daughter of W. S. Gaines, who was one of the pioneers of Washington. To this union one child, Dorothy, has been born. Mr. Betz has made a careful study of social and political conditions of the country and is a supporter of the principles and candidates of the republican party. He is an active worker in behalf of the party and has served several times as delegate to county conventions. Fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order and also with the Independent Order of Odd Fel lows. He is known throughout this region as a sound and conservative business man and a patriotic citizen who recognizes that equal justice to rich and poor is the only safe foundation for a republic. He has many friends, whom he has made by honorable dealings and by the exercise of genial social qualities with which he is abundantly blessed. BOB MABRY. Mining and the lumber industry constituted for many years the chief sources of revenue for the northwest and the rich mineral resources of this section of the coun try still offer splendid inducements to the men whose judgment is keen enough and whose industry is persistent enough to seek success in that field. Bob Mabry is well known in this connection as the head of the firm of Bob Mabry & Company, operat ing in various mining districts. He was born in Jefferson, Texas, August 7, 1867, and is a son of H. P. and S. A. (Haywood) Mabry, of that place. The father was a distinguished lawyer of Texas, one whose record was a credit and honor to the bar of the Lone Star state. He was born in Georgia in 1824. The progenitors of the Mabry family in the United States came from England about 1 700, first settling in Georgia and Virginia. During the war of the Revolution many of the family took ac tive part on the side of freedom. H. P. Mabry removed from Georgia to Texas when young. During the Civil war he enlisted as captain and was afterward commissioned brevet brigadier general of the Third Cavalry of Texas, where he served with distinc tion in the Confederate army throughout the war. He afterward served as district judge of Texas and was a member of the legislature and also of the state senate. He died in March, 1884. General Mabry was married in Jefferson, Texas, to Miss S. A. Haywood, who was a direct descendant of the Haywoods of Tennessee. Mrs. Mabry was born in that state in 1838 and went to Jefferson, Texas, when young. She is now living in Spokane with her son, Bob Mabry. Seven children were born of this union but only two are now living. H. Mabry is associated with his brother Bob in the mining business. Another brother, W. H. Mabry, now deceased, was at one time ad jutant general of Texas. He was also colonel of the First Texas Regiment during the Spanish-American war and died in Havana, Cuba, during the war with Spain. BOB MABRY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 621 Bob Mabry supplemented his early education by a course in the Agricultural and Mechanical College at Bryan, Texas, from which he was graduated in 1889. Soon after the completion of his studies he accepted a position as traveling representative for a large chemical house, with which he remained for a number of years, traveling all over the United States in the interest of that business. His extensive travels brought him knowledge of various parts of the country and, believing that the north west had the most promising future, he determined to locate permanently on the Pacific coast. Accordingly, leaving the road, he spent a short time in California and then came to Spokane in 1902. Here he engaged in the mining and promoting busi ness and among some of the best known and most successful properties which he has handled are those located in the Republic Camp of Republic, Washington, the Slo can country of British Columbia and Eureka Camp, Nevada. Judicious and pru dent investment has been the source of his advancement in business, winning for him a prominent position in industrial and financial circles. During Mr. Mabry's ex perience in mining propositions and business, he has found that the majority of mine failures have not been due to lack of paying ore but to insufficient capital and poor management, and he has demonstrated that mining can be conducted on a legitimate business basis and be made to return excellent results. By his system of first secur ing capital and never over-estimating the value of a property he has been successful from the start. However, the first year was a hard struggle, but he gained confidence of the men with whom he became associated in the many mining projects which he promoted without a failure, and all such mines have paid satisfactory dividends to the investors. On the 21st of May, 1898, Mr. Mabry was married to Miss Katherine Hope, a daughter of Colonel W. B. and Katherine Hope, of Knoxville, Tennessee. Her father held a commission as colonel in the Civil war. Mr. and Mrs. Mabry have one daughter, Hope Mabry. The mother is a prominent member of the Cultus Club and Mr. Mabry is equally well known and popular in the Spokane Club, the Spokane Amateur Athletic, the Spokane Country, the Inland and the Rotary Clubs. He also belongs to Oriental Lodge, No. 74, F. & A. M., having attained the thirty-second degree, and El Katif Temple of the Mystic Shrine and to Spokane Lodge, No. 228, B. P. O. E. He is a man of marked personality and has the genial qualities which make him a favorite with all. He is ever approachable yet possesses that measure of dignity which prevents familiarity. Business has never held out to him elusive promises, for his sound judgment leads him to place correct valuation upon opportunities for investment and his powers of organization have enabled him to so coordinate and direct interests as to bring forth a harmonious whole, productive of desired results. EDWARD MAGUIRE, M. D. Dr. Edward Maguire, who has twice filled the mayor's chair of Pullman, where he was successfully engaged in the practice of his profession until November, 1911, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on the 7th of October, 1870. He is a son of Solomon and Marie (Sexton) Maguire, natives of Ireland, who came to Whitman county in 1878, settling on a ranch five miles northwest of Colfax, where they re sided for twenty-two years. Vol. m— 3 1 622 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE The education of Dr. Maguire was begun in his native state and continued in the district schools of Whitman county, after which he attended the Colfax Academy and College. Having decided upon the profession of a physician as his life work, he matriculated in the Kansas City Medical College, Kansas City, Missouri, being grad uated in March, 1900, with the degree of M. D. Immediately thereafter he came to Pullman and established an office, successfully engaging in the practice of his profession until November, 1911, when he retired. Dr. Maguire is a very able physician and while following his profession was medical examiner of the Woodmen of the World, the Circle, United Artisans, Ancient Order of United Workmen, De gree of Honor, Fraternal Union of America, Knights and Ladies of Security and a number of old line insurance companies. He is interested in various enterprises here and is one of the heaviest stockholders, a director and the cashier of the Pullman State Bank, while he owns two ranches, one of four hundred and thirty acres that his father, one of the typical pioneers of the Palouse, homesteaded many years ago, and another of two hundred acres in southern Idaho. Dr. Maguire was married on the 16th of December, 1903, to Miss Anna Davis, of Washington, a daughter of James and Mary Davis. Dr. Maguire is a com municant of the Roman Catholic church and Mrs. Maguire is a member of the Con gregational church of Pullman. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus of Col fax and of Moscow Lodge, No. 249, B. P. O. E. His political allegiance is given to the democratic party and he has always taken an active part in municipal affairs, hav ing been mayor for two terms and health officer of Pullman for four years, while he represented the first ward in the town council for two years and was councilman at large for one year. He is a member of the Pullman Chamber of Commerce and of the Pullman Club, while he maintains relations with his fellow practitioners through the medium of his connections with the Whitman County Medical Society, of which he was formerly secretary and treasurer, and also the Washington State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. Dr. Maguire is one of the highly esteemed residents of Pullman, where he has made many friends by reason of his loyalty and efficiency in both a professional and public capacity. JOHN MARSHALL BUNN. John Marshall Bunn, one of Spokane's most prominent attorneys, came to this city in the summer of 1896. He is a native of the state of Wisconsin, having been born in the town of Sparta in 1867. He is a son of the Hon. Romanzo Bunn, a distinguished lawyer and jurist whose acquaintance extended from one end of the country to the other. Judge Bunn won distinction in years of service on the federal bench by reason of his high character and keen judicial acumen. His decisions elicited the admiration and respect of the bar everywhere and marked him as a man of comprehensive understanding of the law and one who was actuated by high and lofty principles. The youthful days of John M. Bunn were largely passed in the city of Madison, Wisconsin, where he supplemented his early education by a course in the University of Wisconsin. He was afterward graduated from the law college of that institution with the class of 1895. He then entered upon active practice in connection with SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 623 Senator John C. Spooner, who at that time was chief counsel for the Northern Pa cific Railroad. In 1896, upon the reorganization of the road, Mr. Bunn came to Spokane as division counsel for the new company, which position he filled for ten years in this city. He then entered upon private practice and has gradually worked his way to the front as one of Spokane's most able and successful attorneys. Of him it has been written: "Mr. Bunn naturally inherited the talents of a lawyer. He has made a marked success in his profession and has been identified with many cases involving great interests and has always protected the rights of his clients in an able manner. He is a man who never seeks prominence but he has become prominent through the conscientious practice of law." In 1896 Mr. Bunn was united in marriage to Miss Bertha Kellett, of Neenah, Wisconsin. Mrs. Bunn is also a graduate of the university. They have one daugh ter, Bertha, now fourteen years of age. The family home is a beautiful place on the North hill, surrounded by an extensive plat of ground. He has made investment in Spokane real estate from time to time and his holdings are now extensive and return to him a very gratifying income. In this manner he has indicated his faith in the future of Spokane and the growing importance of the metropolis of the Inland Empire has proven the soundness of his judgment. He is enthusiastic in his sup port of the city and believes that each year will add materially to its development, growth and improvement. He identifies himself with all public-spirited movements for the welfare of the city and has done much to uphold its financial, intellectual and moral condition. EDWARD CLYDE INGRAM. Edward Clyde Ingram, conducting a general real-estate and insurance office in Spokane, now largely devoting his time to the Craig Gardens and to Jamieson Park, was born in Pomeroy, Iowa, October 26, 1885. His father, Charles J. Ingram, a native of Indiana, is now living retired in Florida. The family is of Scotch English descent, while from a prominent English family his wife, who bore the maiden name of Lucy E. Dyer, is descended. Her first ancestors in America came from England prior to the Revolutionary war and she is a direct descendant of William Henry Dyer, who is mentioned in the history of Massachusetts as one who was beheaded be cause of his religious belief in the days of religious intolerance among the colonists. The family is in possession of a coat of arms. Henry W. Dyer, the father of Mrs. Ingram, held a commission as a lieutenant in the Eighty-first Illinois Regiment dur ing the Civil war. He saw service in Mississippi, was present at the siege of Vicks- burg and at length was honorably discharged. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. In gram were born two sons and a daughter: Edward Clyde; Harry C, who is em ployed by the Electric Company of Spokane ; and Lucilla, also living in this city. During the period of family residence in Sheldon, Iowa, Edward C. Ingram continued his education there until graduated from the high school in 1903. He came to Spokane in April of the same year and here turned his attention to the real-estate business, being connected with the firm of Babcock & Moss until 1907. He then engaged in business on his own account, organizing the firm of E. C. Ingram & Company early in 1909. They conduct a general real-estate and insur- 624 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE ance business, handling the Craig Gardens nine miles southwest of Spokane on Medical Lake. The property is reached by an electric line, is partly under irriga tion and is being sold in acre tracts. Mr. Ingram is also associated with Lewis & Moss in handling Jamieson Park, located six miles southwest of Spokane on the Medical Lake road. This is also being sold in acre lots, is under irrigation and is set out to fruit. Mr. Ingram, however, mostly handles his own property and the gradual rise in values in this section is bringing him substantial return. In politics Edward C. Ingram is a republican, voting always for the men and measures of that party since age conferred upon him the right of franchise. He belongs to Spokane Lodge, No. 34, has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite in Spokane Consistory and is a member of El Katif Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is likewise a member of the Inland Club, the Spokane Athletic Club and the Officers Club of Fort George Wright. He is also connected with the Chamber of Commerce and while enjoying the privileges and opportunities of the northwest, he believes in the concerted effort of its citizens for the further develop ment and improvement of the section. He is a young man, ambitious, energetic and determined, and has already made a creditable record as a representative of real- estate interests. CHARLES WOLF. Charles Wolf, who has entire charge and supervision of the electrical and me chanical department of the Blackwell Company, was born in southern Germany in 1871. He was brought to the United States when a small lad, but subsequently re turned to Germany to complete his education, entering a Catholic institution, where he remained a student until he was eighteen years of age. In 1889 he again took up his residence in the United States, settling in Connecticut, where he remained for three years, working on a farm. He withdrew from this activity in 1892 to enter the employment of the Electric Company of Philadelphia, having entire charge of their engineering work in the United States and Canada. During this time he trav eled from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Gulf of Mexico to the northern part of Canada. He resigned this position five years later in order to come to Spirit Lake as engineer of construction of modern improvements of the Spirit Lake Land Company. To him belongs the distinction of having installed the first steam turbine ever used in a sawmill, this now being in operation in the plant at Spring Lake. He was also the first engineer to place modern electrical devices in a saw mill, these last having been placed in the plant of the Panhandle Lumber Company, both here and in their place at lone, Washington, the latter being the finest sawmill plant in the world, being practically entirely operated by electricity. Mr. Wolf is a very able mechanic and skillful engineer, alert and resourceful he is well adapted for the work he is now doing, having sufficient originality and inventive ability to meet the exigencies of any situation that may arise at the most inopportune time in plants located as are those over which he has the supervision. He is chief mechanical and electrical engineer for the Blackwell interests, having entire charge of the operations of their plants as well as the light and power department of the Spirit Lake Land Company at Usk and lone, Washington. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 625 For his wife Mr. Wolf chose Miss Burns of San Francisco, California, and they are the parents of two boys: Jerome, who was born in 1902; and Charles, whose birth occurred on April 18, 1906, the day of the San Francisco earthquake. Mr. Wolf is a resident of Spirit Lake among whose citizens he is held in high regard, both because of his fine business qualities and personal characteristics, which are of a nature to enable him not only to win but retain the esteem of those with whom he comes in contact. PHILIP HARDING. Philip Harding is the organizer and promoter of the New World Life Insurance Company, Inc. It operates in the United States, Canada and Mexico and has its membership exclusively among Catholic people or Protestants who name Catholics as their beneficiaries. In the establishment of this company he has displayed splen did business ability, executive force and administrative direction and, while yet a yToung man, has gained recognition as one of the prominent business men of Spokane and the Inland Empire. He was born in Nevada, June 4, 1874, being one of the three children of George P. and Elizabeth (James) Harding, natives of Kentucky and Nevada respectively. The father comes of English French descent and in 1864, making the journey by way of the Panama route, went to Nevada, where in pioneer times he served as district attorney of Humboldt county, being connected with con siderable important litigation during the period of his incumbency in office. In 1890 he removed to California and is now a prominent lawyer in the northern part of that state. His wife, who was born in 1854, is now living in San Francisco. Their son, George Harding, is now manager for the Paulsen Realty Company, and their daughter, Bessie, makes her home with her mother. Philip Harding was educated in the public schools of Woodland, California, and in Hesperius College of that place, from which he was graduated in 1892. Since then he has been engaged in the fire and life insurance business, having become connected with the former as an office boy in Oakland, California, in 1892. Grad ually he worked his way upward, remaining with his original firm until December 31, 1899, when he severed his connection to take up the management of a business in connection with E. B. and A. L. Stone of Oakland. In 1900 he became cashier for the Washington Life Insurance Company at San Francisco, holding that position in connection with the Pacific coast department. Later he entered the life insurance field and traveled as general agent over the western and Pacific states. In 1906 he became identified with the Western Union Insurance Company as one of its organ izers and secretary, with headquarters in Spokane. He was chosen its general man ager and under his supervision the company, between March, 1906, and March, 1910, enjoyed an era of notable success, writing insurance in that time to the amount of ten million dollars. During that period Mr. Harding also had charge of the ad vertising, both as regards office and field business. He left that company in 1910 in order to engage in the work of founding, organizing and developing the New World Life Insurance Company, Inc., for the purpose of transacting a general life insurance business in the United States, Canada and Mexico, having its membership confined exclusively to Catholic people, and those whose policies name Catholics as 626 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE beneficiaries. From the outset the company has been very successful and his man agement has been the source of the continued and gratifying growth of the organiza tion. The company is now writing insurance on a par with any doing business in this territory and under his direction there has been sold by subscription about thirty-five thousand shares of capital stock, the proceeds from which will approx imate nearly seven hundred thousand dollars. Under his direction the company now maintains offices in Chicago, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Portland, Oregon, and Kansas City. The outlook is very bright, in -fact almost incomparable, for the company occupies an exclusive specialty field for its operation in insuring only the lives of Catholics or Protestants whose beneficiaries are Catholics. Mr. Harding is married and with his family resides at No. 25 West Seventh avenue. He has three daughters: Eloise, Phyllis and Eleanor. He is a member of the Spokane Club and during the six years of his residence in this city has become widely known. He had already gained a broad acquaintance in the insurance field of the Pacific coast and in this great department of labor has made continuous prog ress, a splendid and successful corporation now standing as a monument to his enter prise and labors. THADDEUS S. LANE. There is perhaps no man in all of the northwest more widely known than Thad- deus S. Lane, and he has an almost equally wide acquaintance and reputation in the older east, for his business and financial activities have brought him into close con nection with important interests in various sections of the country. He makes Spo kane his home and yet is frequently found in the various metropolitan centers be yond the Rocky Mountains formulating plans concerning important business transac tions or speaking words that constitute the guiding force in control of a mammoth industrial or financial project. He was born in Gustavus, Ohio, on the 10th of Feb ruary, 1872, his parents being Truman M. and Melissa Lane, who were not only of American birth but trace their ancestry back to the colonial epoch in our country's history. His forebears were residents of New England but during the first half of the last century representatives of the name traveled with ox teams to Ohio, where they hewed their farm out of the virgin forest. Mr. Lane still owns the ancestral home in the Buckeye state and frequently visits it on his eastern trips. Like that of most men his rise in the business world has been a gradual one and yet his close application and his keen insight and his ready perception have enabled him to forge ahead of many who perhaps started out far in advance of him. At length his attention was attracted toward the feasibility^ of the establishment of in dependent telephone systems and in 1906 he came to Montana. After a close scrutiny of local conditions he decided that Butte offered a profitable field for Independent telephone endeavor and established there the Montana Independent Telephone Com pany which constituted the modest beginning of operations that today cover all of Montana, northern Idaho and Washington. In fact his lines reach from the Da kotas to the Pacific. There are eight automatic exchanges in the system of which Mr. Lane is the president, with general offices in Spokane. His combined interests are conducted under the style of the Inter State Consolidated Telephone Company, THADDEUS S. LANE SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 629 which is the holding company of ten companies of which he is president. His Spo kane company alone represents an investment of two million dollars. From one point to another he has extended his operations and promoted his activities until he is now president of the Billings Automatic Telephone Company, of Billings, Montana; the Helena Automatic Telephone Company, of Helena, Montana; the Great Falls Auto matic Telephone Company, of Great Falls, Montana; the Montana Independent Telephone Company, of Butte, Missoula, Anaconda and Hamilton, Montana; the State Telephone & Telegraph Company, at Bozeman and Livingston, Montana; the Interstate Telephone Company, Limited, Coeur d'Alene, Sandpoint and Panhandle, of Idaho; the Idaho Independent Telephone Company, of Pocatello, Idaho; and the Home Telephone & Telegraph Company at Spokane, Washington. The Inter State Consolidated Telephone Company, the capitalization of which is five million dollars is the holding company of all the other companies mentioned above. The northwest's best known independent magazine, The Treasurer State, of Montana, writing of his activities in the field of independent telephone exchanges, said: "Mr. Lane came to Butte four years ago with a good disposition, a world of telephone experience, a genius for inspiring confidence and a sane and monumental optimism that convinced everybody that he had come to the best place in the world for the big and permanent operation of an Independent telephone system. Probably that is another of the se crets of Mr. Lane's success — he never undertakes anything in which he is not himself vitally and enthusiastically confident. Lane commenced Montana operations by building the Butte exchange. He coolly and even debonairly weathered the panic and emerged at the beginning of this year with over six thousand independent phones in the Big Camp as compared with about nine hundred in use by the old established company. With Butte as a base and nucleus of his enterprise Mr. Lane kept on ex tending his activities. He built perfect exchanges at Anaconda, Helena, Great Falls, Missoula and a few lesser Montana places reaching as far as the Dakota line on the east and as far as Idaho. He picked up all the intervening rural and interurban small lines and then invaded the Panhandle of Idaho. He ran up against local dis couragement, past failures, automatic misfits and every conceivable obstacle; but he conquered and eliminated all hindrances and steadily pursued his triumphant march as an organizer and builder of safe and modern telephone business. Within the short time of his activities in this northwest region Mr. Lane has established a cohesive chain of forty-nine exchanges in Washington, Idaho and Montana and in Spokane, where he raised more than one million, five hundred thousand dollars for his com pany, over twenty-five hundred instruments were subscribed for and ready for busi ness before a bell rang. The Spokane exchange now includes the largest and most perfect automatic service in the northwest. The weakest spot of the earlier inde pendent telephone companies was their inability to give long-distance service. There fore Mr. Lane attacked this inability and in perfecting a long-distance system he removed the last and greatest argument against the independent method of telephon ing. In acquiring weak, incomplete and isolated small companies an enormous amount of money was required. T. S. Lane has proved an ability in financing his projects which has made him the leading spirit in the independent telephone move ment. He has the invaluable faculty of radiating local confidence, inspiriting de jected enterprise, restoring self-confidence in others and urging forward the rapid economic success of all^his undertakings." 630 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE In addition to his mammoth operations in the telephone field Mr. Lane is presi dent of the Western Empire Fire Insurance Company of Spokane and a director of the Montana National Life Insurance Company. He is also a director and vice president of the Silver Bow National Bank of Butte, Montana. The number of cor porations in which Mr. Lane is a director is thirty-eight. In 1897 Mr. Lane was married in New York city to Miss Lilian Payntar, a daughter of George Hoagland and Irene (Merkle) Payntar. They have one child, a daughter, Lilian, aged ten, who is a student at Brunot Hall. Mr. Lean has pur chased the Gordon home at No. 1323 Eighth avenue and with his family regards this as his permanent residence. He has never sought political nor fraternal prominence and belongs to no lodges nor societies save the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Of him it has been written: "Thaddeus S. Lane of the United States might as well be his address because he seems to go everywhere, and if you frequent the best clubs of Chicago, Minneapolis, Salt Lake or 'Frisco, you are just aboutas sure to see him sitting in the evening at a quiet game of slough in any one of them as in the Mon tana Club at Helena, the Spokane Club of Spokane or the Silver Bow at Butte. Mr. Lane is something more and better than a 'promising young man.' He is a perform ing young man, a very dynamic personage of wholesome and captivating personality, but of an exhaustless energy which is the wonder of his friends and the despair of his rivals. Imperturbability fits Mr. Lane like his business suit but for all his seem ing calmness he is endowed with a physical alertness and a mental celerity that are the essentials of his remarkable success. His constructive talents are touched with the daring of all self-reliant men. He infuses others with his own sane optimism and demonstrates his own faith by the performances of his busy days. With men like him nothing is final and failure is not a word at all. His industry is insatiate and yet he loves life and lives it with every creditable zest for happiness." FRANK A. REED. Frank A. Reed, who has for a number of years been identified with the lumber business and is cashier of the First State Bank of Deer Park, is known as one of the most active and progressive men of Spokane county. He was born at Mattawamkeag, Maine, June 1, 1871, a son of Addison P. and Emma Anna Reed, the former of whom died in 1875 and the latter in 1897. The ancestors of the family have been traced to very early times in New England. Although a native of the Pine Tree state, Frank A. Reed received his early edu cation in Michigan, to which state he was taken when he was three years old. As his father had died when he was only a small boy, at the age of twelve, he was obliged to begin work on his own account and for two years was employed in lumber mills in Michigan. He then had the opportunity of returning to school and he pursued his studies industriously for two years. At the age of sixteen he arrived in Wash ington and worked for a year in the lumber mills at Seattle. Believing that op portunities were more favorable for a young man in the newly opened country in the eastern part of the state, he came to Deer Park in 1887 and for ten years was employed in the lumber mills of Short & Crawford, later known as the Standard Lumber Company. Lie became a director and trustee of that company and is still SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 631 one of the stockholders. The next decade was spent at Westbranch, where he was in charge of the Washington Mill Company's sawmill, timber lands and general store. Having severed his connection with the latter company, he returned to Deer Park, which had developed into a flourishing community, and purchased the con trolling interest in the First State Bank, of which he has since been cashier and a member of the board of directors. He has been a large investor in lands in Stevens county and has developed a hay ranch in the sparsely populated districts. He is also interested in land near Vancouver, British Columbia, and is the owner of valuable city property in Spokane and in Deer Park and vicinity. At an early date he filed on a homestead, which is now at the corner of Crawford avenue and Main street, and the entire one hundred and sixty acres is within the corporation limits of Deer Park. He secured other land in and around Deer Park when it was almost valueless, which is now regarded as the finest fruit land north of Spokane, and he has been active in the development of this section. On the 28th of July, 1897, at Deer Park, Mr. Reed was married to Miss Emma A. Short, a daughter of Mrs. S. R. Short and a sister of W. H. Short, principal owner of the Standard Lumber Company. Mrs. Reed was a student at Carleton College of Northfield, Minnesota, and in 1892 came west for the purpose of teaching school. By her marriage to our subject she has become the mother of four children, Donald, Ralph, Emily and Frank, three of whom are now attending the public schools. Mr. and Mrs. Reed are active members of the Congregational church and he is also connected with the Masonic fraternity, the Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. Mr. Reed is a liberal-hearted and public-spirited man and clearly recog nizes the importance of encouraging educational and industrial institutions as a solid basis for permanent prosperity. He donated a block of ground for the new fifteen thousand dollar high school at Deer Park and also gave five acres as a loca tion for a cement and concrete plant at this place, which is now in operation. Polit ically he is in hearty sympathy with the republican party. Energetic and capable in a high degree, he has never bowed before difficulties but has found a way to conquer even the most formidable obstacles. It would be difficult to draw a line lim iting a man of this character and, as Mr. Reed has scarcely as yet passed middle life, the possibilities of achievement before him are highly encouraging. AUGUST F. STROBE. August F. Strobe, who is engaged in the real-estate business in Chewelah, is a native of Germany, his birth having occurred in Hanover on the 24th of June, 1865. His parents were John F. and Charlotte F. (Wittenberg) Strobe, both of whom are now deceased, the father having passed away in 1880 and the mother in 1906. When a child of three years August F. Strobe was brought to the United States by his parents, who located in Chicago. After three years' residence in this country he was taken back to Germany, where he remained in school until he was thirteen. He then returned to America, again making Chicago his home. He subsequently fol lowed various occupations from that time until he had reached the age of twenty. On the 3d of January, 1886, he came to Chewelah, conducting a public bar with his 632 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE brother for three years. At the expiration of that period, he occupied himself in various ways during the next six years, when he removed to Trail, British Columbia. He engaged in mining and shipping lumber at that point for two years, after which he went to Rossland, also in British Columbia, and conducted a hotel dining-room for a similar period. From there he went to Marcus, Washington, and engaged in mining and prospecting for a number of years, subsequently coming to Chicago. On his return to Chewelah Mr. Strobe embarked in the real-estate business and has ever since been successfully identified with that enterprise. He is now interested in con siderable Spokane and Chewelah property and has recently closed various deals of importance. He has some good manufacturing property within two miles of Che welah, there being about seventy acres of such land. In this city, on the 18th of June, 1896, Mr. Strobe was united in marriage to Miss Nina A. Van Slyke, a daughter of Darius and Belle Van Slyke, pioneers of Stevens county. Mr. and Mrs. Strobe have become the parents of two children: Belle, who is now eleven years of age ; and Claude H., who is nine. Mr. Strobe is a member of the Stevens County Pioneer Society and can well remember when this section of the country was wild and unimproved. During the hard times he shot deer, grouse and pheasants, which he shipped to the Spokane market. He has been an active member of the Chamber of Commerce in Spokane and is also connected with the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen of America, while his political support he accords to the democratic party. He is an active member of the Chewelah Commercial Club and gives his indorsement to every movement that will promote the interests of the community or tend to develop mu nicipal enterprises. WILLIAM J. SUTTON. William J. Sutton, prominently known in connection with financial interests in eastern Washington as president of the Security National Bank of Cheney, has reached his present enviable position through indefatigable energy, keen discrimina tion and unfaltering enterprise. Moreover, realizing that real estate is the safest of all investments, he has made extensive purchases of land near Cheney and in Adams county. In other connections, too, he has figured prominently as a leading individual and progressive citizen, deserving especial credit for his efforts in behalf of education, the Cheney Normal School largely owing its existence to his self- sacrificing efforts and his high ideals along educational lines. Mr. Sutton is a native of Lapeer county, Michigan, born September 29, 1865. His parents, Levi L. and Sarah J. (Goodenough) Sutton, were pioneer residents of the Wolverine state. He pursued his education in the public schools of Michigan and in the Fenton Normal School, from which he was graduated with the class of 1886. Coming west in 1887, he located in Cheney and organized its first graded public school. For three years he devoted his time and efforts untiringly to system atizing the work and developing the interests of the public school system here and in 1890, when the Cheney Normal School was established, he was chosen vice prin cipal and professor of mathematics, continuing to serve in the dual position for a year and a half. On the expiration of that period he was made principal and so W. J. SUTTON SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 635 continued until 1897. During that time the main building was erected, the money for which was largely acquired through the untiring efforts of Professor Sutton. After the old normal school building was destroyed by fire the maintenance appro priation passed by the legislature was vetoed but Professor Sutton continued to conduct the school without an appropriation fund. In this way he became able to obtain the money for a new building. His services in the educational field have been of inestimable value in the intellectual progress of this section and have con stituted an important element in upholding the high standards of the state in this connection. In 1897, however, Professor Sutton severed his identification with educational interests as an active factor and turned his attention to agricultural and banking in terests, giving his time and energies throughout the intervening period of fifteen years to his personal interests. On the 10th of March, 1897, Mr. Sutton was united in marriage to Miss Nellie G. Hutchinson, a daughter of Mr. and Airs. David Hutchinson, of Auburn, New York. Her parents were early settlers of the Empire state and Mrs. Sutton is a graduate of the State Normal School at Oswego, New York. Mr. Sutton is the present junior grand warden of the grand lodge of Masons in the state. He belongs also to the Odd Fellows and to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Air. and Mrs. Sutton attend the Congregational church and are prominent socially, having an extensive circle of warm friends not only in Cheney but throughout the district in which they have long resided. In all those ventures which contribute most to the upbuilding and progress of a community Mr. Sutton has been deeply interested and his labors have been fruitful of good results. The simple weight of his character and ability has carried him into important relations and he has that confidence and courage that come of conscious personal ability, right conception of things and an habitual regard for what is best in the exercise of human activities. LOUIS M. DAVENPORT. The Davenport Restaurant of Spokane is known to every traveler upon the Pacific coast and the Davenport home is a point of interest to every visitor in Spokane. Back of these — each largely approaching the ideal in its respective sphere — is the splendid business ability, keen sagacity, firm purpose and laudable ambi tion of Louis M. Davenport, who well deserves to be classed among the builders of the Inland Empire. He was born at Pawnee City, Nebraska, July 14, 1868, a son of John S. and Minnie E. (Taylor) Davenport. His father, who devoted his life to merchandising, is now deceased but the mother still survives. It was in the year 1876 that Louis M. Davenport accompanied his parents on their removal to San Francisco, California, and in the public schools of that city he largely acquired his education. He has been a resident of Spokane since March, 1889, and soon after the great fire which practically swept away the business center of the city in the fall of that year, he established a restaurant on the corner opposite his present site, where the Whitten block now stands. After a brief period he removed to his present location and in the development of the business Davenport's Restaurant has become 636 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE famous throughout the United States. Its splendid fittings, its excellent cuisine, its superior service and its unique furnishings and arrangement constitute the features which make it one of the most popular establishments of this character in the country. To have built up and successfully conducted an establishment of this character would alone be a credit to any man and yet Mr. Davenport has not confined his efforts en tirely to this line of business but has been active in many other commercial and in dustrial enterprises of this city, being now a director of the Spokane & Eastern Trust Company, the Washington Waterpower Company, the Western Union Life Insurance Company and vice president of the Ryan & Newton Company. The extent and im portance of his business affairs place him among Spokane's most progressive and valued citizens. Mr. Davenport is also equally well known and popular in fraternal and club circles. He stands very high in Masonry, as is indicated by the fact that he is now a member of El Katif Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He also belongs to the Benev olent Protective Order of Elks, his membership being in Lodge No. 228, of Spokane, and he holds membership in the Spokane, Spokane Country and Spokane Amateur Athletic Clubs, which indicate much of the nature of his interests and recreation. He has never been active in politics nor held public office, preferring to concentrate his energies largely upon the establishment and development of the business which has made his name known throughout the length and breadth of the land. On the 30th of August, 1906, Mr. Davenport was married to Miss Verus E. Smith, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Smith, and they have one son, Louis Marks Davenport. Theirs is one of the most beautiful homes of Spokane, working out the ideas and ideals of Mr. Davenport. Where Manito hill breaks down through the basalt foundations at Eighth avenue and Division street, a vein of sparkling water bursts into a ravine and long before the white people came into this district the place was known to the Indians and was by them regarded as a favorite resort. With the advent of the white population the spring proved equally attractive to the newcomers and later was the cause of litigation concerning its ownership. \t last this was settled and Mr. Davenport recognized in this district the site on which to work out his ideal for a home. Within five years he obtained marvelous results. He called to his aid architects and landscape gardeners and the latter used the neg lected spring to produce a series of fourteen cataracts and waterfalls on its way down the ravine. Here and there the little stream broadens into small lakes which have been stocked with trout, some weighing as high as six pounds. The broken ravine furnishes mountain scenery as attractive as that to be found anywhere in the range. There is no hint of artificiality in all this for in the building of cataracts and lakes all of the concrete material has been covered with earth and so broken and arranged as to give the appearance of natural stone where the water pours through. Through rough rock walls a path leads to a grotto which constitutes a resting place in the moun tain pass and leads you on up to the highest level where a tea house offers its com forts and lake and waterfalls gleam below, the stream spanned at intervals by Jap anese bridges. Native shrubbery has been retained where it harmonizes with the general scheme and everything possible has been added in the way of eastern plants and shrubs that may enhance the beauty of landscape or garden. On the place is what is said to be the best, bed of daphne in the United States and four thousand rhododendrons, the state flower of Washington, add their beauty to the scene in the blossoming season. The lower lakes are bordered with Japanese iris. The residence, SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 637 which is an exemplification of the highest art of the architect, has been made to pre sent the effect of at least half a century's existence and yet it contains every modern convenience and equipment. The first story is built of basalt rock with its variety of natural coloring amplified by moss and lichens, and on the first floor French windows open upon hanging gardens through which wind paths paved with old, uneven step ping stones, with grass and moss filling the cracks. This constitutes the first terrace. On the terrace below the paths are more regular but the unique idea is still retained. The house and terrace gardens are most effectively viewed from the tea house through a pergola about the swimming pool under the hanging garden. The pool measures twenty-two by sixty-five feet and with its surroundings is designated as an Indian summer garden. It contains space for exercise, with Indian writing cut into the stone finish of the supporting columns and stained with red, blue and yellow. Potted plants and flowers fill the intervals between the columns along the edge of the pool. Niches in the rock wall afford five dressing rooms, with a shower. Circular windows opening off the second terrace light this apartment. Bathing may be indulged in at any season as the pool is heated by a separate plant. The main entrance on the south opens from a covered porch, floored with irregular concrete slabs relieved by quaint tiling, into a hall twenty-four by twenty-eight feet in dimension. The hall is lighted by three French windows opening on the main terrace, with a fountain in front. It is paneled to the ceiling with oak offset by ornamental plaster in the quaint intricate pattern of the German Tyrol. From a corner of the hall a circular stairway curves up to the second floor through a tower, and beneath it another stair way runs in the opposite direction to the swimming pool beneath. An archway to the right affords entrance into the living room, twenty-eight by forty feet. A large inglenook on the east side confronts this entrance, with face and hearth of Moravian tiles, seats on either side and small windows opening upon the terrace. This part of the house is beamed and paneled in a style entirely suggestive of massiveness and art combined. So the view and interest run into a large conservatory and further to a huge outdoor bonfire place. On the left opens the dining room, with its circular bay window breakfast alcove. A fireplace faced with glazed Moravian tiles and re cessed sideboards are features of this apartment. It opens into the library where blazes a great fireplace hooded with old German copper work. Such are the resi dence and grounds which have come to express to Louis M. Davenport his ideal of home but an ideal which has taken on a concrete form by reason of the indefatigable energy and constantly developing ability which he has displayed in his business career. JAMES J. MILLER. James J. Miller, who for two years was chief of the police department of Wal lace, was born on Manitou Island, Canada, April 13, 1877, his parents being John and Mary (Marshall) Miller. When James J. Miller was a lad of eight years the family removed to Marquette, Michigan, in whose public schools he acquired his education, his student days being terminated at the age of thirteen years. He began to work in the lumbering camps of Michigan, but subsequently withdrew and went to railroading, later being a coach 638 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE driver at Marquette. In 1903, he left Michigan and came west, first locating in Tacoma, Washington, where he was employed in one of the sawmills of the Washing ton Manufacturing Company for a year. At the expiration of that period he re moved to North Yakima, where for a year he worked in the city fire department;, being transferred at the end of that time to the police force. After spending one year as a member of the force he was made chief of the department, holding this position for two years. In the spring of 1908 he came to Wallace, obtaining a posi tion in the police department. During the first year of his residence here he was a member of the force, during which time he showed such efficiency and executive abil ity that he was promoted to the position of chief. Mr. Miller was married on March 15, 1906, to Miss Bessie Cooper, of North Yakima. Mrs. Miller is a daughter of John Cooper a builder and contractor and prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, who is now deceased. He was a resi dent of North Yakima at the time of his death but was originally from Mississippi. Fraternally Mr. Miller is identified with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, belonging to North Yakima Lodge, No. 318; the Knights of Pythias of North Yakima, and he also belongs to the Knights of Pythias shrine "The Dokka," at Spokane; and the B. of R. T., No. 307 of Spokane. Mr. Miller is very popular in Wallace, where he has made many friends not only because of the efficiency he has displayed through his capable handling of his department, but because of his many fine personal qual ities that enable him to win and retain the esteem of those with whom he comes in contact. G. K. BIRGE. G. K. Birge, one of the public-spirited and enterprising representatives of the commercial fraternity of Davenport, where for over twenty years he has been con ducting a jewelry store, is a pioneer of this section of Washington. He was born in Geneseo, New York, on the 22d of August, 1862, and is a son of William and Amy (Kellogg) Birge, who came from Connecticut, where the family had resided since colonial days, and settled in New York state. Reared in the town of his birth, G. K. Birge obtained his education in the public and state normal schools of Geneseo, terminating his student days at the age of seventeen years. Laying aside his text-books he assumed the heavier responsibilities of life, for a time assisting his father in the cultivation of the home farm and en gaging in various other occupations during the succeeding two years. At the ex piration of that period he entered a jewelry store where for a year he diligently applied himself to the mastery of the watchmaker's trade. He subsequently came to the west, believing in its greater possibilities to an enterprising young man, lo cating in Washington. He filed on a homestead in the vicinity of Pomeroy, this state, and there he resided for five years, devoting his entire time and attention to tile cultivation and improvement of his land. When he had proven up on his claim he disposed of it and coming to Davenport invested his small capital in a stock of jewelry. He began in a very small way but as the town and his trade developed in creased his stock until he now owns one of the most attractive stores in the county. With the exception of two years spent in the jewelry store of J. W. Reed at Sprague, SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 639 Mr. Birge has been continuously engaged in business in Davenport since 1887. He carries reliable goods in a well selected assortment, and his jewelry and silverware are tastefully displayed. His pleasing personality and accommodating manner no less than his skilful workmanship have been prominent factors in the success of Mr. Birge, who numbers among his patrons the best people of the town. On the 9th of October, 1892, Mr. Birge was married to Miss Minnie Bonneywell, a daughter of William and Sarah Bonneywell, natives of England, now residing in the vicinity of Harrington, where the father is a successful agriculturist. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Birge there have been born six children: Edward, Al fred, Frances, Henry, George and David. Mr. Birge has always been one of the enterprising and progressive citizens of the town, in the development and promotion of which he has been a tireless worker, at all times giving bis support and cooperation to the advancement of every move ment that he deemed at all likely to benefit the community at large. He is an ac tive member of the Red Men, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Odd Fellows and Eagles, while his political support he gives to the Democratic party. He has served for two years as mayor and eight as a member of the council, while he discharged the duties of justice of the peace for three terms. Mr. Birge is held in high regard in Davenport, ever having maintained a standard of responsibility and integrity in all his business transactions that entitles him to the respect of all who have had dealings with him. EDWARD T. WHINERY. Edward T. Whinery, who is conducting a blacksmith and carriage-making business in Spokane, was born in Jackson county^, Kansas, on the 25th of January, 1866. He is a son of Jason and Katherine (Williams) Whinery, who died February 8, 1909, and August 10, 1900, respectively. The father was one of the pioneer set tlers of the Spokane country and in partnership with Thomas Newlon started the fruit growing industry in this district. Edward T. Whinery received his education in the public schools of Spokane, hav ing come west with his parents when he was but two years of age. He attended school until he was seventeen years of age and then assisted his father on the home farm until 1866. In that year he learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed in Spokane until 1900, when he joined the army and served with Batson's Maccabee Cavalry in the Philippines until August, 1901. After his discharge from this serv ice he returned to Spokane and has been engaged in the blacksmith and carriage- making business up to the present time. He is thoroughly acquainted with the neces sary details of the business and because of his strict attention to the undertaking he is meeting with the success which is fast placing him among the prominent business men of Spokane. On the 26th of May, 1904, at Spokane, Mr. Whinery was married to Miss Lula Fowler, a daughter of the Rev. William and Mary Fowler, of Spokane. To their union two children have been born: Fowler, who is attending school; and one de ceased. In politics Mr. Whiney gives his support to the republican party and he holds membership in the Knights of the Maccabees and the Red Men. By per- 640 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE severance and hard work he has advanced from an obscure position until he is now ranked among the capable business men of Spokane, and the results which are to day his are due entirely to his indefatigable efforts, his untiring energy and his strict integrity in business dealings. WILLIAM D. SCOTT. William D. Scott, a member of the law firm of Scott & Campbell, specializing somewhat in mining and corporation law although still continuing in general practice, was born in Elizabeth, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, October 8, 1861. His father, John V. Scott, was a native of the same county and represented a family of Scotch-Irish and Dutch descent although founded in America prior to the Revolu tionary war, in which representatives of the name participated. He was drafted for service in the Civil war but had just passed forty-five, which is the age limit, and was, therefore, not compelled to go to the front. One of his younger brothers, how ever, was with the Union army in active duty in the south. John V. Scott devoted his life to general agricultural pursuits and was a prominent and influential citizen in his home locality. He wedded Nancy Ann Nichols, also a native of Pennsylvania and of English and German descent. The death of the father occurred in 1894 and the mother lives on the old homestead about two miles from Elizabeth. Their fam ily numbered four sons and three daughters : William D. ; James H., a practicing attorney of Burlington, Iowa; Joel F., a physician of Wilson, Pennsylvania; John K., who is living on the old homestead with his mother; Lizzie R., the wife of James Van Kirk, a civil engineer of West Newton, Pennsylvania; Jennie M., the wife of Homer Brinton, a banker of Ellsworth, Iowa ; and Nannie L., the wife of James Biddison, a farmer of Palmdale, California. William D. Scott supplemented his preliminary school training by study in the Washington and Jefferson College of Pennsylvania and afterward attended the Uni versity of Michigan, being graduated from its law department in 1888 with the LL.B. degree. He had followed farming until he went to college and for one winter had engaged in teaching school. After the completion of his course in the Michigan University he was admitted to the bar of that state and then came to Spokane for the practice of law, arriving in this city on the 28th of August, 1888. For one year he remained alone in practice and then joined the firm of Conner, Henly & Scott This connection was maintained for a year and during the succeeding two years he was a partner of Mr. Henly. He afterward practiced alone for four years and on the expiration of that period was joined in a partnership relation by Mr. Rosslow under the firm style of Scott & Rosslow. They were together for seven or eight years and then again Mr. Scott was alone for a time, after which he entered into his present partnership as senior member of the firm of Scott & Campbell. They con duct a general law practice of considerable extent and importance and are special izing to some degree in mining and corporation law, representing the Methow Gold Mining Company together with other well known corporations, including the United Copper Mining Company. Mr. Scott is also a trustee of the Midway Summit Min ing & Milling Company of Burke, Idaho, which has recently been reincorporated, its property promising big returns in silver and lead. It is now being developed and has already made a most satisfactory showing. W. D. SCOTT SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 643 The pleasant home life of Mr. Scott had its inception in his marriage on the 26th of December, 1901, in Spokane, to Mrs. Nette E. Lewis, a daughter of Ferdi nand J. A. and Anna W. (Abel) Martin, pioneer residents of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Scott have many friends in this city and the hospitality of a large number of Spokane's attractive homes is extended to them. In his political views Mr. Scott is a republican, interested in the success and growth of the party which he has represented as a delegate in several state conventions and was also named as alternate to one of the national conventions. He is well fitted for leadership and his work has been an effective force for progress in party ranks. Moreover, his district, appreciative of his worth, elected him representative to the legislature in 1905 and again to the state senate in 1907, and while numbered among Washing ton's lawmakers he gave most careful consideration to each question which came up for settlement, voting with due regard for the best interests of the commonwealth at large. He is also deeply interested in the welfare and upbuilding of Spokane, which has prompted his cooperation in the work of the Chamber of Commerce, in which he holds membership. He is a Royal Arch Mason, a member of the Wood men of the World and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having filled all of the officers in the local lodge of the latter. He is likewise a life member of the Spokane Athletic Club and is qualified to become a member of the Sons of the American Revolution. Mr. Scott is widely known in this city, where he has made his home for almost a quarter of a century, taking active and helpful interest in everything pertaining to its substantial upbuilding and improvement. FRANK P. HOGAN. One of the prominent financiers of the country has said "you cannot make a mistake by investing in land on the Pacific coast," and the life record of Frank P. Hogan is an illustration of the truth of this statement. Through real-estate op erations he has come to be recognized as one of the capitalists of Spokane, but more than that he is accounted one of those citizens for whom his fellow townsmen en tertain the highest respect and in whom they place the utmost confidence. This has been manifest again and again at critical periods in the history of the city. Mr. Hogan is a native of Ballingarry, Ireland, born April 23, 1848. His parents, Patrick and Mary Hogan, came to America when their son Frank was a mere in fant, settling in Geneva, Wisconsin, where the father engaged in farming. The son was the eldest of twelve children, the family consisting of six boys and six girls. After attending the public schools of Geneva, Frank P. Hogan, then a youth of six teen years, enlisted as a private in Company K, Forty-ninth Wisconsin Infantry, but later was appointed dispatch orderly under General Beveridge, in western Mis souri. He enlisted in February, 1865, and after the close of the war was mustered out at Benton Barracks, near St. Louis, Missouri, in November of the same year. Mr. Hogan then returned to his Wisconsin home but shortly afterward the fam ily removed to Villard, Minnesota, where again the father followed farming, while the son supplemented his early education by a course in Bryant & Stratton Com mercial College of St. Paul, from which he was graduated in due time. He then Vol. Ill— 32 644 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE turned his attention to business affairs and was engaged in logging and contracting on the Northern Pacific Railroad near Duluth, Minnesota, for a few years. In 1873 he arrived in Oregon, taking up the study of law at Roseburg, but the Stikeen mine excitement of the Fraser river district in British Columbia led to his purchase of a number of pack mules to carry supplies to that district. The reports concerning the gold there proved to be unfounded and Mr. Hogan then established a general mer cantile store in Roseburg. He also became a prominent factor in public affairs of the community and was elected sheriff of the county on the democratic ticket, filling the office for eight years. During that period he was also twice sent to the dem ocratic national convention, attending in 1880 when the party nominated Hancock and in 1884 when Grover Cleveland was nominated. He was again a delegate from Spokane in 1892 when Cleveland was nominated for his last term. Mr. Hogan first visited Spokane in 1886 and took up his permanent abode here in 1887, at which time he turned his attention to the real-estate business and to the brick manufacturing business, in the latter connection making common and orna mental brick. He was also engaged in the manufacture of sash and doors and his industrial interests constituted a feature of his success, while in his real-estate opera tions his activity constantly increased and broadened. He was very active during the mine excitement in the Rossland and Republic districts and was manager of the Sullivan mine at Fort Steele, British Columbia, for a number of years. From the time he first took up his abode in Spokane he invested in real estate, having implicit confidence in the future of the city. He not only became owner of realty but also improved his property by the erection of many buildings, some of the more promi nent being the Madison and Congress Hotels and the Hogan block on Post street. He also opened the Avalon addition and is now opening the Audubon Park addition. With the rapid development of the city and the northwest prices have constantly advanced and his sales of property have brought to him a goodly fortune. At the same time Mr. Hogan has been one of the most public-spirited residents of the city, to which he donated a large tract of what is now Manito Park, and with John A. Finch he gave thirty-three acres that is now known as Audubon Park, on the north side of the river. Since the establishment of the park commission he has been one of its members and is now its vice president. Again and again he has received practical demonstration of the confidence reposed in him by his fellow men — a confidence which has on no occasion or under no circumstances been be trayed. At the time of the memorable fire of 1889, when money and supplies were sent to Spokane from all over the United States to relieve the suffering, members of the city council started to loot the relief fund both of its money and its supplies. A committee of one hundred of the representative citizens secretly met in the O. K. Barn, which stood on the site of the present federal building. It was in reality a vigilance committee to devise means to prevent further looting and to save the honor of the city of Spokane. Mr. Hogan was elected president, with Herbert Bolster as secretary. They worked quietly but firmly and accomplished their object. Again, when the bridges across the river had been allowed to deteriorate so that several had caved in and the city was being held for damages, Mr. Hogan was appointed chair man of the committee that investigated and straightened out the affairs. After the Iroquois fire in Chicago, when popular opinion all over the country was running high, the mayor of Spokane called a meeting of citizens and a committee was ap- SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 645 pointed to investigate conditions in the public meeting houses, the theaters, schools ¦ and public buildings of the city. Again Mr. Hogan was appointed chairman of this committee and they visited every public building in the city and wherever changes were needed improvements were ordered and owners made to comply with the re quirements, so that Spokane today has as good protection as it is possible to obtain. On the 22d of January, 1876, at Roseburg, Oregon, Mr. Hogan was married to Miss Mary Flood, a daughter of J. C. and Emily (Lane) Flood, of that city, and a granddaughter of General Joseph Lane, who was a candidate for vice president of the United States with Breckenridge in 1860. Mr. and Mrs. Hogan have four daughters: Mabel, the wife of Percy P. Powell, of Spokane; Bertha, the wife of William G. Davidson, of this city; and Mildred and Cicely, both at home. The fam ily residence is at No. 2225 First avenue. Mr. Hogan holds membership with the Knights of Columbus and with Elks Lodge, No. 228. For many years he has been a member of the Spokane Club and was at one time its president. He is also a member of the Spokane Country Club and has but recently resigned his position as director, which place he had held for many years. In politics he has been a life long democrat but has never held public office in Spokane, although he has been repeatedly urged to accept both city and state offices and by both political parties. He has preferred that his public service should be done as a private citizen and has wielded an influence which is perhaps all the more potent because it is moral rather than political and because it seeks the public weal rather than individual honors. When crises have ocurred which have demanded the service of men of unquestioned integrity and public loyalty Mr. Hogan has always been called to the front. BERNARD E. McCOY, M. D. Dr. Bernard E. McCoy, a Spokane physician who has been very successful in specializing in the eye, ear, nose and throat, was born in Union county, Missouri, October 11, 1878. His parents were Joseph Newton and Louise (Thompson) Mc Coy, who are now residents of Corydon, Iowa. The father was born in Kentucky and comes of an old family from southern Scotland. He, too, prepared for the prac tice of medicine, which he has made his life work, and is still an active representa tive of the profession. He is also a past grand chancellor of the Knights of Pythias of Iowa, which indicates his prominence in that order. His wife belonged to an old Southern family and her brothers were soldiers in the Confederate army. Spending his youthful days under the parental roof, Dr. McCoy pursued his literary education in high school and in the University of Iowa and won his profes sional degree in St. Louis on the completion of a course in Barnes University. In the meantime, however, he had entered commercial life as an employe in the hardware store of E. A. Ray, with whom he continued until 1900, when he entered the Uni versity of Iowa and pursued the study of medicine in connection with other courses there mastered. Following his graduation he turned to the northwest for the oppor tunities which he sought and located in Deer Park, Washington, where he remained for a decade, or until the 1st of November, 1910, when he sought the opportunities offered by a larger city and came to Spokane. During the period of his residence here he has made a specialty of the treatment of the eye, ear, nose and throat and 646 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE has been very successful in this branch of practice. Like most of the residents of the northwest, he hoped to gain substantial returns from investments in mining prop erty and is now interested in a tungsten property, eleven miles north of Deer Park. He is one of seven who staked the Tungsten King heaps, showing where the prop erty was mined twenty years before for gold and silver. They were throwing the ore around under the impression that it was magnetic iron but the company finally had an assay made and then staked the claim. On the 18th of August, 1904, at St. Joseph, Missouri, occurred the marriage of Dr. McCoy to Miss Beeban Chase, the daughter of Maxon Chase, of Post Falls, Idaho. They now have one child, Kenneth McCoy. In his political views Dr. Mc Coy is a stalwart republican and while living in Deer Park was active in assisting his friends to obtain office. He holds membership with the Knights of Pythias, with the Modern Woodmen and with the Moose and in Masonry is prominent, belonging to the blue lodge at Corydon, Iowa; Spokane Consistory, No. 2, S. P. R. S.; and El Katif Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He greatly enjoys athletics and manly outdoor sports and while at the University of Iowa followed the track work. He allows noth ing, however, to interfere with the faithful and conscientious performance of his professional duties, ever recognizing the heavy responsibility that devolves upon the physician in his efforts to check the ravages of disease and restore health. FREDERICK L. BERGEN. Frederick L. Bergen, who has been actively identified with mining interests in this part of the country from the age of eighteen years, is now superintendent of the Morning mine at' Mullan, owned by the Federal Mining & Smelting Company. His birth occurred in Berrien county, Michigan, on the 29th day of May, 1869, his father being Louis Bergen. His mother died in 1872 and when a lad of ten years he left home and made his way to Benton county, Indiana, there obtaining such edu cation as the schools of the community afforded. Early in 1887, when a youth of eighteen, he went to Neihart, Montana, to join his father, who had become a miner of that section^ For a period of nine years he mined and prospected in Neihart, Great Falls, Helena, Butte and other sections of Montana. In 1896 he went into the British Columbia mines at Roslyn and Nelson, there also remaining for nine years. On the expiration of that period, in 1905, he came to the Coeur d'Alene dis trict, making his way first to Mace, where he was employed as foreman of the Standard mine, then the property of the Federal Mining & Smelting Company. At the end of one and a half years he was transferred to the Tiger-Poorman mine at Burke, also the property of the Federal Mining & Smelting Company. Of that mine he was made superintendent, taking the place of C. K. Cartwright, who was trans ferred to Mullan and placed in charge of the Morning mine, which had just been acquired by the Federal people. Mr. Bergen acted as superintendent of the Tiger- Poorman mine until it was abandoned in 1908 and was then transferred to Wardner as superintendent of the Page Mining Company, likewise owned by the Federal Mining & Smelting Company. Of that property he remained in charge until 1910, when he was transferred to Mullan to take the position of superintendent of the Morning mine, which he still holds. His present responsible position came to him SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 647 in recognition of ability that is based upon long practical experience and a thorough understanding of the scientific principles of his work. His training has taught him to recognize the indications which show where ore is to be found and also the best methods of obtaining the mineral from the ground. H. Z. DEAN, M. D. Dr. H. Z. Dean stands high both as a representative of his profession and as a citizen in Reardan, where in 1909 he was called to the highest office in the municipal ity, the duties of which he has discharged with a gratifying degree of efficiency. He was born in Vernon county, Wisconsin, on the 26th of November, 1872, a son of Thomas and Sarah (Powell) Dean, the father a native of Ohio and the mother of Indiana. During the early years of their domestic life Mr. and Mrs. Dean located in Wisconsin, becoming residents of that state in the late '60s. There Mr. Dean successfully engaged in farming until 1877, when owing to the state of the mother's health they were compelled to seek a milder climate, for which reason the family made the overland trip to Missouri, settling in Benton county. During the succeed ing two years Mr. Dean followed his agricultural pursuits there, but at the expira tion of that period removed to St. Clair county. Reared on a farm, from his earliest boyhood Dr. Dean had his energies directed along agricultural lines, assisting his father in the tilling of the fields and care of the cattle while engaged in the mastery of the elements of English learning in the district schools of Benton and St. Clair counties. When he had completed the course therein pursued he attended the high school at Lowry City, Missouri, until gradu ated at the age of seventeen years. Very soon thereafter together with a brother and an uncle he came to the west. They went to California first and after spending six months in that state located in Oregon for two years, returning to Missouri in 1892. Here Dr. Dean again turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, assisting in the cultivation of the old homestead until his father disposed of it, when the family re moved to Lincoln, Nebraska. It always was Mr. Dean's ambition to become a physician, and to that purpose he now matriculated in the Lincoln Medical College, being graduated in 1902 with the degree of M. D. The first two years of his pro fessional life were spent in South Dakota, whence he removed in 1904 to Cheney, Washington, where he practiced for a year. In 1906 he came to Reardan and estab lished an office that he has ever since successfully maintained. In the choice of his life vocation, Dr. Dean most happily chose the one for which nature seemed to have adapted him. He possesses the pleasing personality, keen mental faculties and de cisive manner that enable him to inspire in others that faith and confidence so essen tial in the attainment of success in both medicine and surgery. Progressive in his ideas he devotes the greater portion of the time he can spare from his large prac tice in further study, thus keeping in touch with the advance of science, and quickly adopts in his work every new discovery the efficacy of which has been tested beyond question. Since locating here he has been called to discharge the duties of county coroner, having capably filled this office for a term of two years. On the 1st of April, 1902, in Lincoln, Nebraska, was celebrated the marriage of Dr. Dean and Miss Elmira Wood, a daughter of John and Harriet (Parnell) Wood, the father a well known farmer in the vicinity of the capital city. 648 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Dr. Dean votes the republican ticket, giving his unqualified indorsement to the policy of that party. He takes an active interest in all matters pertaining to the municipality and he has served as a member of the council, while in 1909 he was elected mayor, his term expiring at the end of two years. He was one of the or ganizers of the Farmers' State Bank of Reardan, of which William Childs was the first president and W. S. Wells, cashier, but later disposed of his interest in this in stitution. Fraternally he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Woodmen of the World, Modern Woodmen and Foresters of America, while he maintains relations with his fellow practitioners through the medium of his connec tion with the American Medical Association, the State Medical Association and the Lincoln County Medical Society. Dr. Dean is highly esteemed professionally, popu lar in his social relations and held in the most favorable regard as a citizen, his cooperation and support always being given in forwarding the adoption of any meas ure advanced for the development of the community or the promotion of municipal interests. F. HUGHES FINLEY. F. Hughes Finley, secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Barnard Manufacturing Company with offices located in Spokane and Portland, has been identified with the business interests of Spokane for more than ten years. He was born in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, and is a son of Samuel and Sarah A. (Oliphant) Finley, who subsequently became residents of Michigan. The paternal grandfather was Dr. John Knox Finley, a prominent physician and surgeon dur ing the period of the Civil war, who passed away in Michigan in 1893. The mother's father, F. Hughes Oliphant, was one of the pioneer iron men of Penn sylvania, being the owner of large iron ore claims at Uniontown, while he had furnaces at Fairchance and Oliphant, that state. He was a patriotic man and strong abolitionist. At the time of the war he equipped a troop of cavalry that went to the front under the command of his son, General Duncan Oliphant. F. Hughes Finley was in his early childhood when his parents removed from Pennsylvania to Michigan, locating at Niles. He pursued his education in the public schools of the latter place until he was graduated from the high school, when he took the examination for admission to West Point. He passed this suc cessfully but was disqualified for admission owing to his physical condition. At the age of seventeen years he began his business career as an employe of Sprague, Warner & Company, of Chicago, remaining in their service for eighteen months. During the succeeding two or three years he operated on the Chicago board of trade, representing various brokerage firms during that period. Giving up this line of business in 1887, he located in Denver, where he engaged in the real- estate business. Later he became general manager of the Bradstreet Mercantile Agency for the states of Colorado, Wyoming and New Mexico. In 1892 he went to Dallas, Texas, where he became associated with his father in the land mort gage business, representing New York and foreign capital in Texas investments. The firm confined their business to making loans on ranch and farm lands in the state of Texas, and met with great success in their efforts. In 1897 Mr. Finlev F. H. FINLEY SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 651 again located in Chicago, remaining there until August, 1901, when he came to Spokane to take charge of the office of the Barnard Manufacturing Company. At the end of a year he was made secretary, treasurer and general manager of the business and has ever since held this position. In addition to his connection with this industry he is president and treasurer of The Success Manufacturing Company, which he organized in this city in 1909. The latter enterprise has been in existence for less than three years and it has been well established and gives every indication of prospering, as its development has been satisfactory and it is now yielding the stockholders good dividends. Mr. Finley has in the past ten years supplied the machinery for the majority of the largest and most modern flour mills in the northwest. Mr. Finley married Miss Elizabeth Harris, of Lawrence, Kansas, and Wash ington, D. C, a daughter of the Hon. William A. Harris, one of the early pio neers and prominent citizens of the state whose services have just been recognized by his friends and political admirers by the erection of his statue on the campus of the State University at Manhattan, Kansas. He was a colonel in the Confed erate army during the Civil war and subsequently represented his district in the United States congress for two terms, while he was United States senator from Kansas for six years. He was the owner of a beautiful home at Linnwood, that state, where he operated one of the finest stock farms in the west, having a fine line of thoroughbred cattle and horses that he imported from Europe. He was also an art collector and his paintings and library were among the best in the middle west. Mr. Finley has not been identified with fraternal organizations but while living in Michigan was captain of the Earl Zouaves of the State National Guard. He is also a member of several of the prominent clubs of Spokane and Portland. JOHN VINCENT POWERS. John Vincent Powers is one of the prominent figures in the insurance circles of Spokane. His birth occurred in Yolo, California, on the 4th of November, 1876, his parents being John W. and Lucy (Ballard) Powers. Subsequent to his death in 1891 the father was prominent in the political circles of California of which state his familv had been residents since 1849. John Vincent Powers acquired his early education in the public schools of California and subsequently was graduated from St. Mary's College of Oakland, Cal ifornia, in the class of 1893. After he had completed his academic course he studied law and in 1896 was admitted to the bar of California. Immediately after being accorded the privilege of practicing in the state of California he entered the office of Governor Budd and was an attache of the code commission that worked on the revision of California laws in 1896 and 1897. He practiced in San Francisco until 1906 and won both professional and financial success, but in that year he lost his fortune in the fire following the earthquake, and because of the lack of business operations in San Francisco he went to Alaska where he remained for one year before going to Goldfield, Nevada, from which place he returned to San Francisco in 1908. The following year however, he joined Mr. Philip Harding and others in the organization 652 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE of the New World Life Insurance Company with headquarters at Spokane. He is secretary of the department of organization and also secretary of the Columbus Fi nance Company of the New World Life Insurance Company. In his business career he is meeting with remarkable success and is one of the most able men in the in surance circles of Spokane. Besides those qualities indispensable to a man of his training — a keen, rapid, logical mind, good business ability and a ready capacity for hard work, he is also a quick judge of men and is ever ready to seize any opportunity for success which may present itself. On the 21st of March, 1910, at Portland, Oregon, Mr. Powers was married to Lilla Jeffers, a daughter of James D. and Annie (Mitchell) Jeffers, of San Francisco, California. To them one child, Jacqueline, has been born. Mr. Powers has always been an active politician and gives his support to the democratic party. During his residence in California he was one of the most enthusiastic supporters and prominent members of the democracy. At one time he served on the State Cen tral Committee and was also urged to accept the nomination for Congress. His professional duties, however, so completely filled his time that he was unable to accept this nomination. He holds membership in the Inland Club and also in the Spokane Amateur Athletic Club. With good intellectual training as his strongest asset, Air. Powers started upon his independent career with a determination to meet with the success which would be commensurate with the advantages with which he had been endowed, and he has already had the privilege of realizing that he stands high in business circles where individual merit depends upon energy, courtesy, and integrity FRED L. PRESCOTT. Fred L. Prescott, engaged in the real-estate, loan, insurance and rental busi ness, with office on the third floor of the Hyde block in Spokane, was born in Min neapolis, Minnesota, May 16, 1861, and when nine years of age accompanied his parents on their removal to the vicinity of Northfield, that state, where he attended the public schools. He finished his education at the Minneapolis Academy and afterward resided for a number of years at Herman, Minnesota, where he was em ployed as clerk for a time, and subsequently served as deputy postmaster. The year 1886 witnessed his arrival in Spokane and after occupying a position m the postoffice here for a short time he became a clerk in the employ of I. S. Kauf man & Company, real estate and loans. He found this business congenial and his capability soon secured him admission to the firm, with which he was connected for several years. Subsequently he opened an independent real-estate office and in 1896 was joined by his brother David, forming the firm of Prescott Brothers. They be came well known in real-estate circles and secured a good clientage, handling con siderable valuable property. The partnership relation was dissolved on the 1st of February, 1911, and since that time Fred L. Prescott has continued alone in real- estate dealing. On the 3d of March, 1 887, I'red L. Prescott was united in marriage to Miss Lottie E. Quilliam, a daughter of James and Mary A. Quilliam, and they have become par ents of four children, M. Genevieve, Grace, H. Raymond and Fred L. The parents SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 653 are active members of the First Methodist Episcopal church, Mr. Prescott serv ing on its board of trustees. He was also among those who were active in estab lishing the Jefferson street church, located on the northwest corner of Jefferson and Sharp avenue. Fraternally he is identified with Spokane Lodge, No. 34, F. & A. M. but he does not participate in club or political activities and has never felt that he could spare the time from his business and social duties to seek or fill public office. Since his arrival in Spokane he has been closely connected with the development of the city, has been a liberal contributor to railroads and other enterprises benefiting the public and has earned an honored place among the public-spirited men who have made Spokane the queen city of the Inland Empire. LESLIE W. ANDERSON. Leslie W. Anderson, president of the North Washington Power & Reduction Com pany and also several local mining companies, with offices located at 904 Old Na tional Bank building, was born in Emporia, Kansas, on December 12, 1874. He is a son of David F. and Mary L. Roberts, well known pioneers of Washington and for many years residents of this city. The father passed away in 1907, but the mother is still living. David F. Anderson was a prominent citizen of Spokane county and was for many years actively identified with its public life. He was a member of the board of county commissioners when it was decided to remove the county seat from Cheney to Spokane and he was also a member of the legislature, while he held many appointive offices. A man of progressive and enterprising ideas, he enthusiastically championed every movement that he felt would benefit the pub lic welfare or advance the development of the community. He possessed a rare sense of civic responsibility and discharged with conscientious obligation every public duty with which he was entrusted. He was one of the early pioneers whose forceful character and determination of purpose were the dominant factors in the development of the northwest. Leslie W. Anderson was in his early childhood when his parents removed to Spokane, and here he pursued his education in the public schools until he had at tained the age of nineteen years. During the latter period of his school life he spent his spare hours and vacations in a local printing office learning the trade, com pleting his period of service after laying aside his text-books. He subsequently went to Rosalia, this state, and engaged in the newspaper business until 1896. Be lieving that agricultural pursuits promised better financial returns, he withdrew from journalistic work and located on a ranch in Palouse county that he operated for three years. At the end of that time he turned his attention to mining and pros pecting and has ever since given his entire energies to this business, meeting with a goodly measure of success. He has acquired stock in some valuable claims and is officially connected with a number of prominent mining companies, being the presi dent of the Republic Mines Corporation and several other mining companies of more or less importance. At Rosalia, Washington, on the 20th of December, 1896, Mr. Anderson was united in marriage to Miss Josie Boozer, a daughter of H. J. and Rebecca Boozer, and to them have been born three children, as follows: Margaret, Ora and Esther, all of whom are in school. 654 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Mr. Anderson is a past master of the blue lodge of the Masonic fraternity and is a member of the chapter, while his connection with organizations of a more purely social nature are confined to his membership in the Inland Club. His political in dorsement is always given to the man or measures he deems best qualified to sub serve the highest interests of the majority, regardless of party affiliation. Mr. An derson is one of the well informed and capable mining men of the city, who manifests excellent judgment and is recognized as quite an authority in his line of business, his opinion often being sought by his associates. F. K. P. BASKE. F. K. P. Baske, who is one of the more recent acquisitions to the Lincoln county bar, has manifested such efficiency during the brief period of his practice that he has but recently been elected to the bench, a distinction which has never before been conferred upon so young a man in the state of Washington. Judge Baske was born in the state of Nebraska on January 2, 1886, and is a son of Fred and Laura (Zagelow) Baske, who were born, reared and married in Germany, whence they emigrated to the United States in 1885, locating in Ne braska. There they resided until 1892, when they removed to Lincoln county, Washington, settling in Davenport, where the father engaged in business and is now one of the most prominent and successful merchants in the county. The education of Judge Baske was begun in the common schools of his native state and continued in those of Davenport until he was graduated from the high school. Having decided upon a professional career, in the fall of 1904 he entered the State College at Pullman, where he pursued a course in economics for two years, and in 1906 he matriculated in the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, that state. He was awarded the degree of LL. B. from this institution in June, 1909, and immediately thereafter returned to Washing ton. As soon as he was admitted to the bar he established an office in Davenport and engaged in general practice. Although he was very young, his earnest man ner, marked strength of character and thorough grasp of the law and the ability to accurately apply its principles enabled him to win the confidence of business men, and he encountered no difficulty in building up a good practice. It was not necessary for him to pass through the long, discouraging period of tyrociny that usually awaits the young professional man, as his services were sought by the representative men of the town from the very first. From the beginning he mani fested unusual ability in the application of legal principles and showed his thor ough familiarity with general law. In his private practice he evinced a rare sense of conscientious obligation to his clients and used care in the preparation of his cases, never overlooking any minor technicalities for his opponent to utilize to advantage. He has been connected with very important litigations in the local courts and in every instance has acquitted himself in a highly creditable manner, Such marked skill and ability as he manifested quickly won him recognition as a man well adapted to the duties of the bench and in June, 1911, he was appointed judge of the superior court of Lincoln county for a period of two years. He has been discharging the duties of this responsible position for less than a year, but F. K. P. BASKE SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 657 during that period he has distinguished himself by his decisions, in each of which he has shown a fine appreciation of the dignity and responsibility of the law as well as a wide knowledge of its principles. He is without doubt the youngest man sitting on the judicial bench, not only in Washington but in the United States, and in the discharge of his duties is exhibiting qualities that give assurance of a brilliant future for him in the profession he has adopted. His strong individual ity, acute mental faculties and keen observation united with his fearless spirit and sense of absolute justice has caused him to form very pronounced and dicisive views on many subjects, which he expresses with the independence and utter dis regard of public opinion that invariably stamp the man of power, who appreciates the strength of his personality. In his religious views Judge. Baske is a Lutheran, while his political support is accorded the republican party. His connection with fraternal organizations is confined to his membership in the Knights of Pythias. He is one of the foremost young men in Davenport and has every reason to be proud of his record, as his career has been an unusually brilliant one and would seem to forecast a most promising future. JUDGE JAMES ZACHARIE MOORE. James Zacharie Moore was born on a farm near Louisville, Kentucky, July 21, 1844, son of Dr. John Rochester Moore and Mary Penelope (Van Pradelles) Moore. The families on both sides were early colonists. The Moores were from Westmoreland county, England, and settled in Westmoreland county, Virginia, in 1640, and the following generations intermarried with the Jordans, Harrisons, Law- sons and Rochesters. They took part in the Indian, and French and Indian wars in which the colony was engaged, Many of the families served in Washington's army, and after the Revolutionary war the Moores settled in Kentucky. The chief of the Kentucky Moores was Lawson Moore, who came with the settlers on Harrod's Creek, afterward, Harrod's Fort, and then Harrodsburg, after our Revolutionary war. Lawson Moore called the land he acquired in Kentucky, after the Indians were driven back, "Westmoreland," after the English and Colonial counties from which the family had migrated, and this land is still held by a great-grandson. A mater nal uncle of Judge Moore's father, Nathanial Rochester, was a major in Washing ton's army, for whom the city of Rochester, New York, was named, and his grand father, John Rochester, was captain of a Virginia militia company which served in the Revolutionary war. His mother, Mary Penelope Van Pradelles was descended from the Owings fam ily of Maryland, which came with the earliest colonists there. The Owingses were intermarried with the Colgates, the Cockeys and the Deyes. Her two maternal uncles, Thomas Deye and John Cockey Owings settled the city of Owingsville, Ken tucky, county seat of Bath county, after the Revolutionary war ; established the first iron furnaces west of the Alleghany mountains; made the cannon balls there, and shipped them to the American army by flat boat down the Mississippi river, and the same were used at New Orleans on the famous 8th day of January, 1815, when the British regulars under Packenham tested the metal of the American back-woodsmen under Old Hickory Jackson. 658 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE His maternal grandfather was Benedict Francis Van Pradelles, a Frenchman, a friend of LaFayette and lieutenant in the regiment of French infantry known as the "Invincibles," a part of the army of Rochambeau. He was at Yorktown during the siege there in 1781, and was in the French column of picked men under La Fayette that assaulted and captured one of the two redoubts, which were the last hope of the British. The column of the American army which at the' same time as saulted and captured the other redoubt, was under Alexander Hamilton. The cap ture of these defenses forced the surrender of Cornwallis. The first man of the La Fayette column which went over the redoubt given to the French to capture was young Van Pradelles. At the close of the Revolutionary war he resigned his commission and remained in, and became a citizen of the United States. He married Cassandra Owings in 1785. He died in New Orleans in 1808, and his tomb is honored there every Independence Day by the Louisiana Sons of the American Revolution. His widow Cassandra Owings Van Pradelles in a voyage from New Orleans to Balti more in 1816 was captured by pirates, and the crew of the vessel were put to the sword, and she was made to walk the plank, and thus ended her life. Of this she had a presentiment, which is attested by a letter to her mother, Mrs. Owings, of Baltimore, which is still in the possession of the family. The subject of this sketch was an active, sturdy boy, enjoying all out-of-door sports ; a horseman of skill and a successful huntsman. He attended the neighbor hood schools near and in Louisville, until the spring of 1856, when the family re moved to Pettis county, Missouri, and settled on a prairie farm. Though yet only eleven years of age he earnestly entered upon the work of the farm, and during all the years thereafter until the commencement of the Civil war, except the time devoted to the winter school, he worked at all farm work. He had been an attentive reader of American history; of the life of Marion, and of many of the other American partisan leaders of our Revolutionary war; had a craving for military life, and to enter the United States army through the Military Academy at West Point. The first troops raised in Missouri in the Civil war were for the Southern army, and he was among the first to enlist but on account of his non-age, his father's ob jection prevailed. But, it was impossible to keep such spirits out of the army, and so after the fight at Booneville, the Southern forces having retreated toward Ar kansas, he and a neighbor boy ran away from home, and joined Price before the bat tle of Wilson's Creek, in which he took part, serving in the First Missouri Cavalry, first under Colonel Brown, who was killed and afterward under Colonel Robert McCulloch until February, 1862, when his term of service having expired, he left the army in winter camp at Springfield, and returned home to get a supply of cloth ing. The army under Price had no quartermaster's supplies, and the men served not only without other clothing than they brought from home, but entirely without pay. He found such a condition of affairs at home which was within the Federal lines, that he was compelled to surrender, whereupon he was paroled upon his obligation not again to take arms against the United States during the war. This ended his military career, and his services in the lost cause ended his hope of an appointment to the United States Military Academy. Lie thereupon renewed his studies and preparation to enter college, his purpose being to get his college degree and then study law. In this he succeeded and entered Center College at Danville, Kentucky, but want of funds interrupted his studies in the middle of his junior year. This SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 659 was early in 1865. Thence he went to Evansville, Indiana, and became a salesman in a dry-goods establishment, but continued his studies at night. In the meantime the family had returned from Missouri to Kentucky, and settled at Owensboro. By dint of economy he saved enough to reenter college in September, 1865, when he be came a member of the junior class at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, where he was graduated in June, 1867, third in his class, receiving the classical honor. After graduation he was again out of funds, but his purpose and self-confidence abided with him, and returning to Kentucky he taught school with success until the early part of 1868, when he took his savings and went to Harvard University, where he had great satisfaction in attending the law lectures of those eminent and learned instructors, Washburne, Parsons and Richard H. Dana. Now, at the close of the term in 1868, being again out of funds, and now impelled by that desire to be at work, which too often hastens the young, he was admitted to the bar at Owensboro, Kentucky, on the 8th of August, 1868, and there began the practice of law. In less than three years he had saved out of his practice a working-law-library and one thousand dollars in cash, and thereupon married Miss Anna Kintner of Cedar Farm, Harrison county, Indiana, on the 6th day of June, 1871. Her father was Jacob L. Kintner of the early Pennsylvania Dutch stock, whose father was one of the first settlers of Indiana. Jacob L. Kintner was one of the largest and most successful and intelligent farmers of Indiana; a horticulturist and an inventor. Her mother was Elizabeth Graham Shields of New Albany, a daughter of Captain Pat rick Shields, a close friend of General William Henry Harrison, and one of his most reliable and intrepid officers. The Shields family was from Virginia; immigrated to Kentucky after the Revolutionary war, and the wife of Captain Shields was the first white woman to cross the Ohio river to settle in the wilderness where the city of New Albany now stands. The family still preserve the hat worn by Captain Shields at the Battle of Tippecanoe, which shows the marks of an Indian bullet through the crown. Mrs. Moore's family was represented in the Revolutionary war by both the Shieldses, and the Nances of Virginia. Immediately after their marriage Judge Moore returned to Owensboro with his wife, where they lived until settling in Spokane. There were twelve children born to them, four of whom died in infancy, and two splendid sons were lost here in Spo kane both after they became eighteen years of age; the older, Kintner, died in 1890 from the effects of an explosion; and James Z. Moore, Jr., in 1893, while attending the Leland Stanford, Jr., University. Of the remainder, Elizabeth married Guy Boschke; Mary Lee, F. M. Sylvester; Agnes, J. L. Alverson; the two youngest, Charlotte V. P. Moore and Annabelle Moore are unmarried. They are all graduates of the Spokane high school. Lawson, the only living son was graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in the class of 1910. In selecting institutions of learning where he might complete his education he gave preference to the north that he might learn something of the people there. He knew nothing of the constitutional dogmas on which the war between the States was fought, and now was keenly alive to their discussion. The youth of the country on both sides heard the call to arms and believing it the call of patriotism, fell into the ranks where they were. In 1865-6-7 the various measures were before congress to settle the questions and conditions growing out of the war, known as the reconstruc tion acts. These were debated with consummate learning and ability in both houses of congress, which debates were a thorough examination of the constitutional ques- 660 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE tions involved. Here he began his first study of the policies advocated by the repub licans and democrats, both before and during the war, and at the then present time. Afterward at Harvard, these questions were discussed by the first minds of the country. He became convinced that the future of the south could be best promoted by the republican party, and that there had been no justification for secession, no matter what the abstract right may have been. He was convinced that the inter est of the whole country was in union and a strong central government, and there fore supported the republican cause, and cast his first presidential vote for General Grant. In 1871 General John M. Harlan, afterward associate justice of the United States supreme court, was a republican candidate for governor of Kentucky, and was again republican candidate for the same office in 1875. On both occasions he gave to Harlan's candidacy earnest and efficient support. In 1876, he became a member of the Cincinnati convention which nominated Hayes for president, and in bringing about that result he had an important part. In 1876 while he and Mrs. Moore were attending the Centennial Exposition, the republican convention of the second district of Kentucky nominated him for congress, and he canvassed the dis trict with his democratic opponent, the Hon. James A. McKenzie, dividing time in joint debate and making a thorough canvass. In 1884 he was a member of the re publican national convention which met at Chicago. He supported the candidacy of President Arthur, and was made a member of the republican national committee for Kentucky, which place he held until after he located in Spokane, when he resigned. In 1884 the republicans of the second district of Kentucky again nominated him for congress, though he was in the convention and repeatedly declined the nomination. However, he yielded to the wish of his party and again canvassed the district. The result was much the same as in the race of 1876. The democratic majority was re duced, but the democratic candidate was elected. No other result was anticipated. The Kentucky republicans were mobilizing and disciplining and marshalling their forces which were to give the state to the republicans. And though this event oc curred after he had settled in Spokane, yet, he and his friends looked with pride on the pioneer work he and they did by which this great result was achieved. He located in Spokane in 1886. In January, 1889, he was a member of the con vention which met at Ellensburg, Washington territory, the purpose of which was to press the claim of the territory of Washington to become a state. Following this convention, congress passed the enabling act, under which the territories of Washington, Montana, North and South Dakota held conventions and framed con stitutions which were afterward adopted by the people, and under which they be came states of the Union. He was a member of the Washington convention from a district which was also represented by the Honorable George Turner and the Honor able J. J. Browne. Of that convention he was temporary president and chairman of the committee on the legislative department. This committee framed article 2 of the state constitution. He feels that he especially discharged his duty well upon the following subjects, namely, in promoting biennial instead of annual sessions of the legislature and lim iting those sessions to sixty days ; in forbidding special legislation ; in forbidding the use of convict labor so that it could not be brought into competition with free labor, namely, through the leasing system ; in protecting the new state against alien owner ship of its lands, which were then purchasable at a small price ; in protecting workers SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 661 in mines and other dangerous employments ; in forbidding free transportation to public officers known as "passes" ; in aiding in the defeat of the bill to give municipal corporations, including counties, the power to tax themselves for the benefit of rail roads, etc., known as public aid to such enterprises. He stood with those who would have saved the tide-lands to the state, but the best that could be done then was to leave the disposition of them to the legislature of the state. He did his part as a hard working member, never missing a roll call or vote, and looking solely to the general welfare. In January, 1891, he was appointed judge of the superior court by the governor and was elected to the same office in 1892, returning to practice in January, 1897. In 1898 he was elected prosecuting attorney, retiring at the end of the term, in neither case being a candidate for reelection. Judge Moore has always been a student and reader on broad lines. In 1909 at a reunion of the members of the constitutional convention he read a paper on the rise and progress of constitutional government in England and the United States. He has written a paper on the Monroe Doctrine, and another on the duty of the United States under it. He has written many arguments and papers, and delivered addresses on public questions which he contemplates publishing. He always en joyed the confidence of his clients, the courts, and his professional brethren, and a successful law practice. He was admitted to the bar of the United States supreme court at the same time with Judge John F. Dillon, author of Dillon on Municipal Corporations, and Colonel W. C. P. Breckenridge, for many years member of con gress in the Henry Clay district of Kentucky. He appears now in court only in special cases and is not seeking a general practice, but is devoting much time to studying, writing and attention to his personal affairs. He has always promoted the development of the resources of the Inland Empire, and the progress of Spokane, believing it her destiny to be one of the great inland cities of this hemisphere. In 1887 he was one of ten men to put up the money for a preliminary survey, topographical maps and a report on the country which brought Spokane, The Spokane Falls & Northern Railway. In 1888 he contributed to the promotion of the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railway. And at all times he has aided loyally the course of Spokane and the state of Washington and the Pacific coast. JAMES E. QUINLAN. James E. Quinlan, a prosperous and representative citizen of Mullan, is the manager of the Butte & Coeur d'Alene Mining Company, which he organized in 1907. His birth occurred at Helena, Montana, on the 5th of September, 1879, his parents being Timothy and Mary (Finn) Quinlan, who celebrated their marriage at that place. They crossed the plains in the early days and took up their abode among the pioneer settlers of Montana, the father coming from Chicago, Illinois, and the mother from Minnesota. Timothy Quinlan is engaged in mining at Helena. James E. Quinlan obtained his early education in the schools of his native city and later attended the high school at Woodstock, Illinois, while subsequently he pur sued a course of study in the University of Chicago. In 1898 he returned to the west, making his way to the Coeur d'Alene mining district and locating at Mullan, 662 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE Idaho, where he took up mining and where he has remained continuously since. In 1907 he organized the Butte & Coeur d'Alene Mining Company, of which the officers were then as follows: J. E. Quinlan, of Mullan, president and manager; C. F. C. Robinson, of Spokane, vice president; L. C. Lens, of Spokane, secretary and treas urer. The present officers of the concern are as follows: L. C. Lens, of Spokane, president; W. P. Edris, of Spokane, secretary and treasurer; J. E. Quinlan, of Mullan, manager. The company has made some small shipments of silver lead ore and has a tunnel eleven hundred and fifty feet long one thousand feet below the sur face. Mr. Quinlan is also interested in other mines in the district and is widely recognized as an authority on the subject of mining. Fraternally he is identified with Wallace Lodge, No. 331, B. P. O. E., and also with Wallace Lodge of the Knights of Columbus. OLE HANSEN. One of the most respected citizens of Spokane county, was Ole Hansen, whose death, June 29, 1911, occasioned profound regret throughout a wide region where he had long been favorably known. He was of Danish descent and was born at Copen hagen, Denmark, January 8, 1844. He received his education in the common schools and continued in his native city until twenty-one years of age, when he resolved to seek his fortune in the new world. He came to the United States and for six months worked on a farm in Wisconsin. Perceiving the importance of a more thorough edu cation, he attended school for four months and supported himself by working out side of school hours. He next took up his residence in Chicago and secured a posi tion as coachman for a private family, continuing there until 1882. In the year last named he came to the northwest and located on one hundred and sixty acres of land on Pleasant Prairie, Spokane county. He prosecuted his work with such good re sults that a year later he was able to purchase one hundred and sixty acres in addi tion and thus became the owner of a farm of three hundred and twenty acres, which he cultivated until 1905. He then gave one hundred and sixty acres to his two eldest sons and in 1910 gave eighty acres to his youngest son, retaining eighty acres for his own use. He was a man of good business judgment, enterprising, industrious and persevering, and gained a prominent position in the community, being recognized as one of its most progressive and useful citizens. On the 8th of July, 1877, Mr. Hansen was married, at Chicago, to Christina Sorensen, a daughter of Soren Sorensen. To this union ten children were born. Christian, the eldest, born September 5, 1878, is now studying agriculture and dairying at Washington State College. Albert, born September 14, 1882, is en gaged in the sand and gravel contracting business at Spokane. He was married June 14, 1911, to Charlotte Camp. Minnie L., born June 29, 1884, was married to E. W. Fox, who died August 19, 1909. She has one son, Donald Louis, who is three years of age. Mrs. Fox is the secretary of and is a stockholder in the F. O. Berg Tent & Awning Company of Spokane. Lillian M., born January 8, 1886, makes her home with her mother. Frank, born March 18, 1888, engages in farm ing. He married Miss Verna White on August 20, 1910, and they have one son, born February 26, 1912. Ivy, born August 5, 1890, is a stenographer in the employ OLE HANSEN e SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 665 of the Underwood Typewriter Company of Spokane. Hazel, born February 9, 1894, is a student in the North Central high school of Spokane. Three children died in infancy. Mrs. Hansen, his widow, now makes her home in Spokane, hav ing a residence at 03613 Atlantic avenue. Mr. Hansen's death resulted from blood poisoning after a brief illness. H was sixty-seven years of age and apparently had before him many years of use fulness when suddenly the dread messenger arrived, and Spokane county lost one of its most respected citizens and one of its wealthiest farmers. He was an early settler of the county and willingly contributed his part toward the upbuilding of this portion of the state. In politics he adhered to the republican party and his religious belief was indicated by membership in the Lutheran church — the faith in which he was reared. A generous-hearted and noble-spirited man, he was fully worthy of the esteem in which he was held, and his memory will long be cherished by a wide circle of friends and acquaintances in Spokane county. PHILIP WALTER COX. Among the men of Whitman county, Washington, who has the distinction of being one of its early pioneers and whose large business operations have made him famous in the community is Philip Walter Cox, who with his son is operating eight thousand acres of land, two thousand of which is under a high state of cultivation, the remainder being used for stock-raising purposes. He was born near Mount Pleasant, Linn county, Iowa, June 5, 1842, the son of Anderson and Julia (Walter) Cox, the former a native of North Carolina and the latter of Indiana. In 1845, when the subject of this review was only about three years of age, the father set his face westward and in a prairie schooner drawn by ox teams the family made their way across the plains, reaching alter seven months' time that part of Oregon where Albany is now situated. Here the father took up a government claim of six hundred and forty acres of land, upon which he made his home, clearing it up, getting the land under a good state of cultivation and erecting primitive buildings and such other improvements as were indispensable. Mr. Cox and his family became the first white settlers in the Willamette valley south of the Santiam river. The father laid out Linn county, which he also named, and he likewise laid out the town site of Albany, giving it the name by which it is now known and building the first log cabin on the town site. Being the pioneer settler of the county and taking a great interest in the development of the section in which he lived, he was widely known among the other settlers moving to the county and served two terms in the territorial legis lature of Oregon, being a representative of Linn county. In the fall of 1861 he removed to Walla Walla, Washington, and a year later brought his family to Waitsburg, where he built the first sawmill ever erected in that locality. He was one of the promoters of the town and donated one-half of the land used for the first public school. For a time he was registrar of deeds in the Walla Walla land office. In 1872 he settled in Whitman county. The story of the founding of Col fax is an interesting one. On May 18, 1872, the subject of this review and his father came to the Palouse river, about six miles below the present site of Colfax Vol. m— 83 666 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE and, observing the natural resources of the country and seeing the necessity for a county, they followed the stream toward its source to the junction of the north and south branches of the Palouse river, where the father with the traditional willow switch determined the site of the present mill in Colfax, deciding that spot was the logical place for the county seat. Then, procuring the services of James A. Perkins and T. J. Smith, he induced them to settle there, Mr. Smith choosing the present site of the business district of Colfax, and Mr. Perkins locating on the site of his present home. Mr. Smith soon tired of the loneliness and isolation of the district and moved away, whereupon a Mr. Hollingsworth was induced to take Mr. Smith's land. During the following winter Anderson Cox, the father of the subject of this review, appeared before the territorial legislature and asked per mission to organize the present Whitman county, fifty miles north and south, east and west from the Idaho line to the Columbia river, which was granted. He then returned to the junction of the north and south forks of the Palouse river and con ferred upon the little settlement the name of Colfax. Here he induced Mr. Hollingsworth to erect a sawmill on the site now occupied by the grist mill and from the sawmill was cut the first lumber used in the construction of the first dwellings in Colfax. On account of his activity in promoting the settlement Ander son Cox was accorded the privilege of naming the first county officials. His death, in 1873, occurred suddenly and without warning, as he expired while on his way from Colfax to his home in Waitsburg. The education of Philip W. Cox was gained in the public schools of Oregon and he remained under the parental roof, assisting his father in the labors of the farm until 1859, when he removed to Walla Walla, Washington, and took a gov ernment claim of one hundred and sixty acres under the preemption act and en gaged in the cattle business. In the fall of 1869 he crossed the river to Whit man county, where he preempted one hundred and sixty acres on lower Union flat and in 1870 brought his family to the home which he had established there. On this farm was born the first white child in Whitman county and it was here that the first orchard was planted. Throughout his agricultural experiences Mr. Cox has always given special attention to the raising of cattle and sheep, an occupation which he has found both interesting and profitable. In 1876 he moved to Pena- wawa and traded his preemption claim for a seven-acre orchard there, later in creasing the orchard to twenty-five acres. He sold this orchard in 1881 and go ing southwest of Colfax about thirty-two miles, bought twelve thousand acres of railroad land, where he continued in his stock-raising business. He continues to reside on this farm, owning a majority of the land which he at that time purchased. At present he has one hundred and eighty head of high-grade horses, thirty being registered, twenty-three hundred sheep, one hundred and thirty cattle and one hun dred hogs. In 1874 he became master of the Second grange in Whitman county, which at that time was running a store in Colfax. Mr. Cox has been married twice. His first union was with Miss Julia Fudge, of Illinois, the nuptials being celebrated in Waitsburg, Washington. To this union were born five children: Arthur, a resident of Whitman county, who is married and has five children, two boys and three girls; Minnie, who married Frank Olds, the latter dying several years later, and afterward she married Claud Hoback, of Calgary, Canada, by whom she has three children, a boy and two girls; Ander son, of Whitman county; Alma, who is the wife of M. Gillam, of Idaho, and the SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 667 mother of four girls ; and Carrie, who has been twice married, first to John Lan caster, of Whitman, by whom she has one son, and after the death of Mr. Lan caster to Speed Swift, of Spokane. The second union of Mr. Cox was with Miss Lizzie Dimick, of Oregon, and occurred in Colfax, Washington. Mr. and Mrs. Cox are the parents of six children: Ilda, who married Elmer Shinlund, of Port land, Oregon, by whom she has one child, a boy; Walter and Dale, both of whom reside in Whitman county, Washington; Verta, of Portland, Oregon; and John and Ruth, both of whom are at home. Mr. Cox now has fourteen grandchildren. Mr. Cox has never been an office seeker although he takes a lively interest in civic and political affairs affecting the welfare of the county, state and nation. He is a member of the Farmers' Union and belongs to the state and national boards of agriculture. Since its organization he has taken a great interest in the Whit man County Fair Association, of which he is the president. He has taken an active part in wrestling from the wilderness Whitman county, has lived out in usefulness his allotted three score years and ten and, therefore, cannot be other wise than one of the best known and most highly respected men in Whitman county with an acquaintance extending throughout the state of Washington. He has by no means passed the time of his usefulness, being still vigorous and actively engaged in business. He is the worthy son of a worthy sire and the name of Cox, which is synonymous with the founding of Whitman county, will be known as long as the state of Washington endures. TYRA HAYDEN LOGSDON. Tyra Hayden Logsdon, who is postmaster and mayor of Endicott, Whitman county, was born in Iowa on the 30th of November, 1852, and is a son of Joseph and Martha (Fuqua) Logsdon, both of whom are natives of Kentucky. The parents crossed the plains in 1863, the trip taking three months and two weeks. They lo cated first in Oregon and subsequently in Walla Walla county. Tyra Hayden Logs don acquired his education in the public schools of Iowa and later in Oregon. At the same time he spent many of the hours which are usually termed leisure in as sisting his father on the home farm. After he put aside his text-books he devoted his whole energy and attention to farming on the home place until 1869, after their re moval to Riparia, when he was employed in running the ferry which his father man aged. Two years later he started out for himself and went to Lewiston where he worked as a farm hand and during the winter attended school at Prescott. The next year he was engaged in riding cattle and two years later carried the mail from Union Flat to Pine City. In 1875 he went to Walla Walla county and farmed until six years later when he removed to Oregon and engaged in stock-raising. In these pursuits he met with a good degree of success and found them also agreeable occupations. Af ter his removal to Columbia county in 1884 he continued stock-raising, and in 1885, when he located at Pampa, Whitman county, he took up a homestead and again en gaged in stock-raising and also in timber culture. Later, desiring to give up agricult ural pursuits and to enter upon a business career, he in 1888 opened a general mer chandise store in partnership with J. W. Mason. Two years later he returned to farming and three years subsequently removed to Endicott where he engaged in the 668 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE drug business under the firm name of T. H. Logsdon & Company. He continued in this business until he retired from active work and in it again met with the success he had enjoyed in his various other undertakings. His ambition to succeed in life was seen in his unusual efforts to acquire an education and also to continue in those lines of work to which he felt himself best adapted. Since 1897 he has been manager of the Pacific. Coast Elevator Company at Endicott, and much of the success of this con cern is due to the keen business ability and the methods which have been instituted by Mr. Logsdon. On the 11th of July, 1875, Mr. Logsdon was married to Miss Frances Leming, who is a daughter of Daniel and Mary (Spear) Leming, natives of Indiana and Ohio respectively. To Mr. and Mrs. Logsdon six children were born: Nellie V., who is the wife of F. E. Stamfield of Endicott, and who has one daughter; Charles J., of Endicott, who is married to Miss Hettie Towe and has four children; Mattie, who is the wife of George Huntley of Colfax, and has three children; Fannie, who is married to C. H. Mullens of Idaho, and has two children; Grace E., who is the wife of J. L. Powell of Endicott; and Tyra D., who is residing at home. In politics Mr. Logsdon gives his support to the republican party and has been one of its most active and enthusiastic supporters. Since 1894 he has held the office of postmaster, and two years previously was elected to the office of county commis sioner. He has served as school director for many years and in 1895 was elected the first mayor of Endicott, and is at present holding that office. He holds member ship in the United Workmen, the Woodmen of the World and the Knights of Pythias, in which organization he has held all of the chairs. He is one of the most progress ive and public-spirited citizens of Endicott and does all in his power to promote any measures which may be proposed in support of public welfare and of com munity development. AMIRON E. BIDGOOD. Amiron E. Bidgood, who for the past ten years has been postmaster of Spring- dale, was born in the state of New York, on the 13th of July, 1848. His parents were George W. and Lucinda (Shepard) Bidgood, both of whom are deceased, the father having passed away in 1879 and the mother in 1880. He is descended from old New England stock, his forefathers having come over in the Mayflower. His grandfather was a veteran of the Revolution and also of the War of 1812, and he had three uncles who also participated in the war of the Rebellion. The boyhood of Amiron E. Bidgood was spent in Michigan, where he attended the public schools until he had attained the age of fourteen years. He then laid aside his text-books and began his career as a wage earner, his first position being in a machine shop in Kalamazoo, Michigan, where he remained until 1863. Although. he was only a youth of sixteen years, his family had always gone to the front for their country, whenever their services could be of any assistance, so he enlisted in Company A, First Michigan Volunteer Cavalry, under General Custer in the Army of the Shenandoah. He remained in the volunteer service until March, 1866, but in January, 1867, he reinlisted as a member of the regular army. From then until January, 1881, with the exception of two winters, he continued in the army, AMIRON E. BIDGOOD SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 669 being stationed all over the central west, south and Pacific coast, receiving his final discharge papers at Fort Spokane, Washington, in January, 1881. Soon thereafter he filed on a homestead in the vicinity of Chewelah, this state, and turned his at tention toward agricultural pursuits during the succeeding nine years. Disposing of his ranch in the spring of 1890 he went to Springdale, engaging in the thresh ing business there until 1901, when he received his appointment as postmaster at Springdale, which office he has ever since retained. In the spring of 1882, Mr. Bidgood was united in marriage to Jeannette Whit ney, the event being celebrated in the vicinity of Chewelah, and unto them was born one child, Elvira, who married J. N. Kenny. Mr. Bidgood is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and his political support he gives to the republican party. While serving in his present capacity he has become widely known throughout the community and is well regarded, the circle of his friends being practically coextensive with that of his acquaintances. WINFIELD ALONZO STANDARD. Winfield Alonzo Standard, president of the Albion State Bank, of which he was one of the organizers, has been prominently identified with the business interests of Albion for the past seven years, prior to which he was for a long time engaged in ranching west of here. A native of Oregon, his birth occurred in Lane county on the 20th of November, 1859, his parents being Oliver W. and Mary (Berthold) Standard. The father was a native of Illinois and the mother of Holland, but they were among the early pioneers of the northwest, having crossed the plains with an ox team in 1852. Upon their arrival in Oregon the father filed on some government land in Lane county, which he cultivated until 1872, when he removed with his family to Whitman county, settling on a quarter section of land, eleven miles east of Colfax. Winfield Alonzo Standard was reared to the age of thirteen years in his native county, in district schools of which he received his introduction to the elements of English learning. After the family located in Whitman county he continued his studies in a private school in Colfax until 1876. His text-books were then laid aside and returning home he assisted his father with the cultivation of the ranch and the care of the stock, qualifying himself for an agricultural career. He continued to be associated with his father in agricultural pursuits until 1890 when he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land west of Albion, energetically devoting himself to its cultivation until 1905. Enterprising and industrious in his methods during the fifteen years of his active work, Mr. Standard made extensive improvements on his place and brought it under high cultivation. At various times he installed thereon such modern conveniences and facilities as are deemed essential by the progressive agriculturist and his is now one of the best equipped ranches in this vicinity. In 1905, he withdrew from the active work of the fields and removed to Albion to en gage in the grain and warehouse business. The next year he became associated with other local business men in the organization of the Albion State Bank, but he is still engaging in the grain and warehouse business. Since 1908 he has been president of this institution and a member of the board of directors. As its officials are all judi- 670 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE cious and conservative men of recognized commercial standing, the bank has thrived from its incipiency and is now numbered among the well organized and stable finan cial enterprises of the county. At Spokane, Washington, on the 3d of August, 1883, Mr. Standard was united in marriage to Miss Susan Pierce, a native of Missouri, and they have become the parents of the following children: Ward E., Lulu Mae and Dorothy E., all of whom are at home. In common with the majority of progressive business men Mr. Standard shows great interest in all public affairs concerning the welfare of the community, although he has no inclination toward public office. He gives his support to the men and measures of the republican party but his various enterprises have kept him occupied and have precluded any active participation in political affairs. However, as a friend of education and interested in all matters pertaining thereto he has consented to serve for several years past as a school director. In all of his transactions Mr. Standard manifests the highest type of integrity and the most commendable prin ciples, his methods of conducting his business affairs at all times being above ques tion or suspicion of any kind. HON. LLOYD E. GANDY. Hon. Lloyd E. Gandy, attorney at law, was born December 23, 1877, at Puyal- lup, Washington, and is a son of Dr. J. E. Gandy, of whom mention is made else where in this volume. The family removed to Spokane in March, 1880, and the son Lloyd was educated in the public schools until graduated from the high school with the class of 1897. He afterward entered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, matriculating for the literary course, and in 1901 the B. A. degree was conferred upon him. He continued in the institution as a student in the law department and won his LL. B. degree in 1903. Immediately after his graduation he returned to Spokane and for more than eight years has continued in practice here. His life has been in contra-distinction to the old adage that a prophet is never without honor save in his own country, for in this city where practically his entire life has been passed Mr. Gandy has won recognition as one of the able young members of the bar, quali fied to cope with the intricate problems of law in the preparation and presentation of his cases. He now has a large clientage and is successful in his pratice. On the 18th of June, 1903, at Ann Arbor, Michigan, Mr. Gandy was united in marriage to Miss Helen D. Georg, a daughter of Conrad and Ellen Margaret (Reeves) Georg, of that city. Her father was a member of the medical faculty of the University of Michigan, being professor of medical therapeutics, and his son is now professor of surgery. An interesting fact relative to the two families — the Gandys and the Georgs — is that nineteen diplomas have been awarded to their members by the University of Michigan. Mr. and Mrs. Gandy have two children, Joseph E. and Ellen Margaret, aged respectively seven and three years. Mr. Gandy belongs to Oriental Lodge, No. 74, A. F. & A. M., and is also a mem ber of the University and Inland Clubs. He has been a leader in municipal reform and. takes an active part in the various organizations of the city which are formed for this purpose, looking forward to its advancement and making it a better place. SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 671 He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and at present is serving as president of the Playgrounds Association, while he is identified with many other organiza tions working along similar lines as either an officer or active member. He is one of the recognized leaders in republican ranks and in the fall of 1910 was elected to the state legislature from the fifth district. Whatever else may be said of the legal fraternity it cannot be denied that members of the bar have been more prominent actors in public affairs than any other class of the community. This is but the na tural result of causes which are manifest and require no explanation. The ability and training which qualify to practice law also qualify in many respects for those duties which lie outside the strict path of the profession and which touch the gen eral interests of society. To his legislative duties Mr. Gandy brings to bear the same analytical powers that mark his work as a lawyer and thus looking at the ques tion from every possible standpoint he is able to reach just and equitable conclusions. JACOB WIEBER. Jacob Wieber, owner of the Colton Cash Hardware & Furniture Store and secre tary and treasurer of The Inland Implement Company, and also mayor of Colton, has been identified with the commercial interests of Whitman county for the past fourteen years. He was born at Meyers Grove, Minnesota, on the 14th of April, 1874, and is a son of John and Francis (Kessler) Wieber, the father a native of Germany and the mother of Ohio. Reared on the farm where he was born, Jacob Wieber pursued his education in the common schools of that vicinity to the age of thirteen years. In 1887, he laid aside his text-books and thereafter assisted his father with the operation of the home farm. In November of the following year he accompanied his parents on their re moval to Whitman county, and here the father acquired two hundred and forty acres of land in the vicinity of Uniontown. He remained at home and assisted his father in the cultivation of the ranch until 1897, when he decided upon an independent career and in the fall of that year went to Uniontown and opened a meat market. He subsequently withdrew from this business and in the following spring invested his capital in a threshing outfit, that he operated in the surrounding country until 1901. In the fall of the latter year he accepted a position with Barney Jacobs, an implement dealer at Uniontown, but the next season he again engaged in threshing. In the winter of 1902, he went back to Minnesota on a visit and upon his return to Whitman county in the spring he became associated with Frank Hobler and they engaged in carpenter work. When the harvest season opened, however, Mr. Wieber gave his entire attention to threshing, having established a fine business in this line that was netting him good remuneration. After the close of the work in 1903, he accepted a position in the implement establishment of H. S. Granseh at Colton, con tinuing in his service until May, 1904, when he made another trip to Minnesota, re turning during the summer. During this time he was engaged in buying and selling hay and grain and when he came back from Minnesota he extended his business in this connection, devoting to it a large portion of his time until 1908. In February, 1907, Mr. Wieber bought out the Colton Cash Hardware & Furniture Store, which is one of the largest and best in the vicinity. In February, 1910, he became asso- 672 SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE dated with Swen Swenson in founding the Swenson & Wieber Implement Company with houses at Colton and Uniontown, Mr. Wieber managing the Colton establish ment until on March 1, 1911, when this enterprise was consolidated with three other companies and incorporated under the name of The Inland Implement Company, with stores located both at Colton and Uniontown. Mr. Wieber has always been secretary and treasurer of the company, which has prospered from its incipiency and is now one of the most thriving in the county. At this writing Mr. Wieber has disposed of his hardware and furniture store known as the Colton Cash Hardware & Furniture Company to Kirk & Munson, the transfer taking place on April 1, and just now he is contemplating a visit with his family to their old home in North Dakota and Minnesota. North Dakota was the scene of Mr. Wieber's marriage on the 9th of July, 1906, to Miss Philomena Metzger, a native of Minnesota and a daughter of Joseph and Mary (Och) Metzger, the father a native of Germany and the mother of Minnesota. Two daughters have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Wieber, Elenora F. and Mary Theresa. Mr. and Mrs. Wieber are communicants of the Roman Catholic church and he is also affiliated with the Knights of Columbus, being deputy grand knight of Colton Council, No. 1565. He is likewise past chief of the local organization of the Cath olic Order of Foresters, and he has passed through all of the chairs of the Catholic Relief and Beneficiary Association, and belongs to the United Artisans. His con nection with organizations of a more purely social nature is confined to his member ship in the Inland Club of Spokane. In politics he is independent, giving his sup port to such men and measures as in his judgment are best adapted to meet the ex igencies of the situation. Municipal affairs always engage his attention, and for eight years he was a member of the town council, and in 1911 he was elected mayor and is still the incumbent of this office. Mr. Wieber has always displayed enterprise and diligence in his undertakings and to this fact can be attributed the progress that has marked his business career and its corresponding success. GEORGE M. NETHERCUTT. George M. Nethercutt, practicing at the Spokane bar, was born at Grayson, Carter county, Kentucky, September 4, 1864, a son of Moses and Katherine (Mauk) Nethercutt. The father was municipal judge of Grayson at the time of his death. In the public schools of his native place George M. Nethercutt began, his educa tion, which was continued in Mount Sterling, Kentucky. In the spring of 1889 he came to Spokane and was engaged in the building and real-estate business for a period of ten years, but thinking to find professional pursuits more congenial and also more profitable, during the latter part of that decade he devoted his leisure hours to the study of law under George W. Stocker, who is now police judge of Spokane, and the late W. Abbott Lewis. In 1898 Mr. Nethercutt was admitted to the bar and has continued to follow his profession with success since that day, and in 1903 he was admitted to practice in the, United States supreme court. Since entering upon his practice he has made a creditable record owing to the care and precision with which he prepares his cases and the strength with which MR. AND MRS. G. M. NETHERCUTT SPOKANE AND THE INLAND EMPIRE 675 he presents his cause, his deductions following in logical connection. He is now attorney for the Equitable Life Assurance Society, doing special work for that institution with offices in Spokane. On the 16th of October, 1889, in southeastern Colorado, Mr. Nethercutt was united in marriage to Miss Mary C. Wilcox, a daughter of Isaac N. Wilcox, of that state. In November, 1910, Mr. Nethercutt was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, whose death was deeply deplored by a large circle of friends and by the church in which she was a most active and helpful worker. Indeed she was beloved by all who knew her and she had a very wide and extensive circle of friends. She was actively and helpfully engaged in church and charitable work for many years. She became one of the organizers and the first president of the Lidgerwood Ladies Aid Society, which position she held until its final disorganization. It was a pioneer institution, which was organized some years before the Christian church at Lidgerwood came into existence, and not until the church was completed did the society as such disband, the church taking over its work. Mrs. Nethercutt be came a very prominent member of the First Christian church, cooperating heartily in all its various lines of work. She also did much in behalf 1&#: 1 . .1 1 m&Mim m ' .<>'': IS lllfl .¦¦.ft.. *$B tf^S^Jt