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YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

DICTIONARY OF
ILLUMINATIONS AND EARLY DRAWINGS
IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.

EARLY DRAWINGS

AND

ILLUMINATIONS. AN INTRODUCTION
TO THE STUDY OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS;
WITH A
DICTIONARY OF SUBJECTS
IN
THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

BY
WALTER DE GRAY BIRCH, F.R.S.L.,
'U
Senior Assistant of the Manuscript Department in the British Museum, Honorary
Librarian of the Royal Society of Literature, Honorary Secretary of the British Arcltceological
Association Member of the Committee of the Palceografihical Society, etc.
AND
HENRY JENNER,
Senior Assistant in the Manuscript Department in the British Museum.

' Cjuale sit id, quod amas ? " — Oo. Rem. Am.
Multa. tcrncolis linguae, coslestibus una.
LONDON:
SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS,
15, PATERNOSTER ROW.
M.DCCC.LXXIX.

PREFACE.

HE Authors of this work do not claim to have
done anything very meritorious beyond this :
that they have occupied their spare time in examining
and making alphabetical notes of the Illustrated
Manuscripts, which so frequently come under their
notice in the Department of Manuscripts in the British
Museum. It has frequently been a subject of desire
among the students of Mediaeval and Religious Art
that such a work were in existence ; that no one has
hitherto undertaken it, is perhaps all the more
observable when it is remembered that, putting
aside those visitors who are constantly searching out
their pedigrees by the help of the Heraldic Manu
scripts, by far the greatest number of Manuscripts
examined by readers belong to what may be termed
the ornamental division. Thanks to the Class Cata
logue, — a lasting monument to the reputation of its
designer, — the labours of artists in finding what they
are looking for among our national treasures is far
simpler now than it was ten years ago ; and although
absolute perfection is by no means arrogated to this

VI PREFACE.
Dictionary, the object of the Authors will have been
gained if its utility as a Comprehensive Guide Book
and Cyclopaedia, rather than as an exhaustive Cata
logue or Index be admitted. It is only by the means
of tabulation that the enormous extent of the collec
tions in the British Museum can be comprehended.
Thus it is here for the first time the artist learns
that, for example, the nation possesses upwards of
two thousand five hundred pictures relating to the
history of Our Saviour, executed within a range of
eight centuries, from a.d. 800 to 1600.
The thanks of the Authors are due to the Trustees
of the British Museum, who have kindly permitted
the illustrations which adorn this work to be obtained
by photography from the Manuscripts themselves.
The Authors also desire to record their sense of
obligation to Dr. Birch for an account of the art of
Egyptian Papyri, to Mrs. H. J enner for much valuable
assistance, chiefly in the branch of sacred art, and to
two other ladies who have materially lessened the
preliminary labours of preparation for the press, which
are necessarily so great in a work of this kind.
December, 1878.

CONTENTS.

PAGE
Description of Plates . . . . ix
Introduction .... xxiii <
List of Illustrated Manuscripts : Greek . i
„ Various Languages and Styles . 3
Reference Table to Numerical order of Manuscripts 27
Dictionary . . . . • 31
Addenda . . . 3QI
Index to the Sub-headings . . • 3°S

SYNOPSIS OF THE PLATES,

PAGE

Plate I.

Alexander and the Elephants

35

„ II.

The Apocalypse

45

„ III.

Saint Christopher . . . .

82

„ IV.

Dante's Purgatorio ....

9i

„ v.

Saint Guthlac the Hermit

142

„ VI.

The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ (Greek

treatment) 
174
„ VII.
The Resurrection of Jesus Christ .
178
„ VIII.
Saint Luke the Evangelist .
204
„ ix.
The Annunciation
210
„ x.
The Virgin and Child ....
218
XI. The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ (Saxon
treatment)  278
XII. A Tournament  284
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

Plate I. Alexander and the Elephants. — From
a French Manuscript (Royal 20 B xx, f. 82 b) of the Life
of Alexander the Great, written in the fifteenth century,
containing a large number of half-page miniatures with
illuminated borders. The plate is of the same size as the
original, which illustrates a chapter headed Comment on
presenta au Roy Alixandre grant quantite" d'Ollifans. The
king, dressed in a robe of cloth of gold lined with fur, and
wearing a gold crown and red stockings, sits on a golden
chair, resting his feet on a blue and gold cushion with red
tassels. The courtier on his right wears a blue robe. lined
with brown fur, and the one on the left a red robe lined with
white, the first having a gold chain, and the other a green
belt and purse. Of the figures behind the king one wears red
with white fur and a pink cap, and the other green with a
black cap. The gens du pais kneel and present the Ollifans,
and are dressed the one in a blue tunic and the other in a
green. The elephants are white, with shading, and do riot
very much resemble the animal as it is at present known.
The very green grass is covered with very distinct flowers,
and on a very stone-coloured rock in the background there is
a very green tree. The sky is painted blue, but the transition
state between a real landscape background and the diaper
work of earlier dates is shown by the stars being placed at

x description of the plates.
regular distances over it. The border is composed of fine
black lines, with gold leaves, artd a few blue and green
arabesque leaves at the corners. This picture, with its.
delicate modelling of the faces, its vivid yet not inharmonious
colouring, gives a good instance of the French fifteenth
century style of illustration, so common in the case of
Romances, Bibles, and Chronicles ; a style which, beginning
actually in the latter part of the fourteenth century, con
tinued with little improvement or alteration to about the
year 1450.
Plate II. THE APOCALYPSE. — From a French Manu
script (Add. 17,333, f- 27 ^) °f tne Apocalypse, written in the
fourteenth century, containing the Latin text with a French
translation. The plate, which is very slightly reduced, is
one of a regular series illustrating in detail the whole book,
and occupying the greater part of every page. The verses
accompanying the picture are from Rev. xiv. 17, 18: "And
another angel came out of the temple which is in hea
ven [see left hand top corner of picture], he also having a
sharp sickle. And another angel [middle of picture] came
out from the altar [right hand of picture], which had power
over fire ; and cried with a loud cry to him that had the sharp
sickle, saying, Thrust in thy sharp sickle, and gather the
clusters of the vine of the earth [left hand of picture]; for her
grapes are fully ripe."
The temple is apparently of red brick with a lead roof
(blue), and the angel coming out of it wears a blue tunic and
a red upper robe, and has brown wings. The other angel
wears a purple tunic and a blue robe lined with red. His
wings are green, tipped with black. The altar has a frontal
tinted with purple. The background is a diaper of two
shades of a deep red purple or claret colour. The book
contains excellent specimens of the French style of drawing.
The colours are more opaque than those in English drawings

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. Xl
of the same date, but they are not so opaque as those of the
regular body-colour miniatures, and though gold-leaf is used,
its use is but sparing. The drawing throughout the book is
vigorous and bold, and the grotesque monsters that represent
the Beast or the Dragon of the -Apocalypse show a striking
amount of imagination, and a strong appreciation of the spirit
of that wonderful boqk.
Plate III. St. Christopher. — From an English Manu
script (2 A xxii, f. 220 b) of the thirteenth century, con
taining the Psalter, Canticles, etc., probably written for
the Abbey of Westminster (as appears by the prominence
given to the Feasts of Saint Peter and Edward the Con
fessor in the Calendar, which is according to the Benedictine
use). The present plate, which is slightly reduced in size,
is from one of five fourteenth century pictures — not im
probably designs for stained glass— drawn on some pages
originally left blank at the end of the_ volume. The
drawing is bold and firm, and the thick black lines used
appear to have been intended to mark the places for the
leading of the glass window. There is very little colour used,
and that merely in occasional shadings of transparent tinting.
The under garment of the Saint is . tinted with brown, the
upper with green ; that of the Infant Christ is also tinted
brown while His nimbus is blue, and the faces of both washed
with a dull red. There is a slight wash of brown over the
lines that represent the water. The edges of the book have
been carelessly overtrimmed in former days by a bookbinder,
who has thus cut away part of the foot of the figure, but
otherwise this beautiful picture (and indeed the whole book)
is in perfect condition, and represents one of the finest periods
of English drawing.
Plate IV. Dante's Purgatqrio.— From an Italian Manu
script (19,587) of the Divina Comedia, written in the fourteenth

Xll DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
century, possibly within the lifetime of the author (who died
in 1 321). The picture represents four subjects combined :
1. Virgil and Dante going to meet Cato on their emerging
from the Inferno. (Of this group Virgil only with head
upraised, is contained in the picture.)
2. Dante, at Virgil's hint, con parole e con mani e con cenni,"
kneeling to Cato.
3. Virgil restoring to Dante's face quel color che 7 Inferno
mi nascose.
4. Virgil gathering flowers and girding Dante with them.
O maraviglia ! che qual egli scelse,
L'umile pianta, cotal si rinacque
Subitamente Id, onde la svelse.
The figure of Dante is repeated three times. He wears an
under tunic of a yellowish brown, with a sleeved coat of blue
and cap of the same. In two cases he stands, and in the
first group he kneels. Virgil is dressed in a blue tunic
surmounted by a yellow-brown mantle lined with blue and
white fur, and wears a cap and tippet also of fur. In one
group he is walking with Dante ; in the second he presents the
kneeling poet to Cato ; in the third he is putting his hands on
Dante's face ; in the fourth he is stooping to gather flowers ;
and in the fifth he is putting a wreath round • Dante's waist.
Cato, who occurs only once, wears a yellow-brown tunic and
a blue toga. He follows, as to his head, the description given
in the poem :
Lunga la barba, e di pel bianco mista
Portava a' suoi capegli simigliante,
De' quai cadeva al petto doppia lista.
Li raggi delle quattro luci sante
Fregiavan si la suafaccia di lume
Ch' io 7 vedea come' I sol fosse davante.
These quattro luci sante (symbolising Prudence, Justice,
Fortitude and Temperance, cf. Purgalorio, Canto xxxi.) are

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. xiii
so placed as to form a nimbus round Cato's head, consisting
of a blue ground with straight gold rays. The whole picture
(or combination of pictures) is remarkable for graceful drawing
and for exquisitely delicate colouring, as are all the many
illustrations in this particularly fine copy of the strange and
beautiful poem, though of course there are many pictures in
the first part of the Comedia which, from the nature of the
subjects treated, partake more .of the horrible than of the
beautiful. Besides being a good example of the best style of
fourteenth century Italian drawing, this picture gives an
excellent instance of the curious custom, so common in early
illustrations, of grouping a number of events into one har
moniously arranged picture.
Plate V. Saint Guthlac the Hermit.— Two medal
lions from the well-known Harley Roll Y 6, which contains
no less than eighteen such pictures of the life and death of
Saint Guthlac, the Hermit of Crowland. The style is of the
early twelfth century, and from the boldness and precision of
the lines, which are in a dark brown bistre ink, there is a
general belief that the illustrations were originally designed
for painted glass. In the first of these we see the ancient and
important rite of tonsure conferred upon Guthlac at the
monastery of Repton, in Derbyshire (Guthlacus tonsuram
suscipit apud Rependune) by the Bishop (Episcopus) Hedda, of
Winchester, A.D. 676-705, in the presence of an Abbess Ebba
(Ebba abbatissa). This beautiful group is worthy of close
examination ; the central figure of Guthlac is artistically
balanced by the Bishop vested and holding his staff and
sjiears, and attended by his deacon holding the Service book
reverently in his surplice on the one side, and on the other
the venerable Abbess attended by two of her nuns. The dark
parts of the cushioned seat are tinted of transparent green.
The Saxon architecture and the dress thrown over a beam
are of interest.

XIV DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
In the second compartment we may draw attention to the
Saint, who is being conducted in a punt over the fens to the
deserted island of Crowland ( Vehitur Guthlacus Croj,landiam)
by his friend and companion Tadwinus, who is using a paddle,
while the attendant at the prow is using a pole to assist in
propelling the vessel to the bank, the vegetation of which is
here indicated by two elegantly drawn trees of conventional
foliage. In the green tinted shallows below the boat five fish
are seen disporting themselves ; the swelling sail overhead,
the mast, the yard, the pulley ropes, the anxious look of the
faithful Tadwine, who evidently is in command of the pil
grimage, and above all the serene countenance of the Saint,
who with book in hand, and upcast gaze, evidently is thinking
of other things, combine to form one of the most beautiful
illustrations of the life of our forefathers in this land.
Plate VI. The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. — From a
Greek Manuscript (Harl. 1810, f. 205) of the four Gospels,
written in the twelfth century, containing a large number of
miniatures of subjects taken chiefly from the life of Our Lord.
The photograph is of the same size as the original, which
appears as illustration to Saint Luke xxiii. 33, and is headed
by the Greek title r\ o-Tavpcoais. The picture is of the common
form representing the crucifixion, with the Blessed Virgin and
Saint John standing beside the cross. The figure of Our
Lord is painted as of a somewhat swarthy complexion, with
dark hair and beard, and is fixed, with the feet nailed apart,
to a dark brown cross, which has the lower short transverse
piece (for the feet) noticeable to this day in the icons of
crucifixion used in the Oriental Church, as well as a similar
transverse piece above for the title. The cincture is of a
white gauzy material, and the nimbus of gold with a red
cross. The two other figures wear tunics or under robes of
dark grey with an upper garment of a deep rich crimson; that
of the Blessed Virgin being of the shape of the conventional

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. XV
wimple or veil, covering the head, so general in the Byzantine
style of art. The nimbus is in each case formed by a circular
red line. The upper background or sky is a plate of plain
burnished gold, and the buildings in the lower background
are of a yellowish brown, pierced with black windows, and
surmounted by a low pitched roof of red tiles, and the ground
on which the cross and figures stand is partly brown rocks
and partly green grass. The whole picture forms a good
typical instance of the usual Oriental treatment of the
subject. Plate VII. The Resurrection of Jesus Christ. —
4
From a series of cuttings from a German Manuscript of the
thirteenth century (17,687 f. 0), consisting of pictures of the
life of Christ. The plate is nearly of the size of the original,
in which the figure of Our Lord is clothed in a purple robe
lined with green ; the hair and complexion are dark, and the
nimbus is blue, with a white cross. The flag has a band of
blue between two bands of red. The angel wears a white
tunic shaded with blue, under a green robe, his wings are red
and his nimbus blue. The soldiers wear blue steel mail, and
one of them has a red shield. The tomb is grained to
represent marble with red veins, and the lid similarly repre
sents green marble, the one having a rim of blue and the
other of red. Such grave clothes as are visible are white with
the shadows in blue. The background is of plain burnished
gold, and the ground round the sepulchre is dark green. The
plate includes two borders, the one blue at the sides and pink
at the top, the other green at the sides and red at the top and
bottom. In the original there is yet a third border of
burnished gold. The drawing, though of German origin,
does not represent any peculiarly German style, but is rather
of a type common to many nations at this period, although
the Germans, always behind their age in matters of refine
ment and art, retained it to a later date than most people.

XVI DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
Many of the features are distinctly Byzantine ; the colouring
is the most definitely German point, being crude and hard,
and lacking the harmonious blending so characteristic of
French art.
Plate VIII. Saint Luke the Evangelist. — From a
Manuscript (Harl. 2970, f. 3 b) executed in Germany in the
twelfth century, containing the Gospels for Sundays and
Festivals throughout the year. This plate, which is of the
same size as the original, is taken from one of four which
precede the text, and represent the four Evangelists. The
figure of Saint Luke, wearing apurple tunic and blue toga, is
seated on a red cushion placed on a seat of red masonry with
bands of gold. His nimbus is gold bordered with red, as is
also the band across his breast, and his desk has a twisted
red column with fillets of gold. The background to the
figure is green, and the curtain as well as the vellum on the
desk are of white shaded with green. Within the arch above,
on a blue ground, is the symbol of Saint Luke, a winged ox,
with a dull red body and purple wings. The pillars have
blue shafts, each with a double abacus and plinth of gold, and
gold rolls at the tops of the bases. The acanthus leaves of
the capitals are red and blue. The mouldings of the arch are
red and green on a black ground, between two flat bands of
gold. The buildings within the spandrils of the arch are
apparently painted to represent brick or red sandstone. This
picture is a good example of a style which, founded upon
early Byzantine models and modified by the artistic revival
among the Franks in the Carlovingian period, was retained in
Germany till a comparatively late date, and was more
especially applied to pictures of the Evangelists. It will be
interesting to compare the latest Greek pictures with such
as this to see how very little the " unchanging East " has
departed from those original models once common to all
Christendom.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. XV11
Plate IX. The Annunciation. — From a Book of the
Hours (Sloane Manuscript, 961, f. 13), written in France late
in the fifteenth century. This plate, which is slightly reduced
in size from the original, is taken from a picture or group of
pictures heading the service of Matins in the Hours of the
Blessed Virgin. The principal picture, which represents the
Annunciation, is very commonly to be found in this position,
but the supplementary pictures, representing the meeting of
Saint Joachim and Saint Anne, and the Nativity and Pre
sentation of the Blessed Virgin, are not so often found. The
figure of Our Lady in the larger compartment is clothed in
blue, the high lights being worked in gold. The angel wears
a golden dalmatic, embroidered with red, over a white alb,
and has blue wings with gold shading. The baldachino is
blue, with gold fleur-de-lys, and the curtains have a red and
green lining. The desk is brown, and the background of
wall is of a dark neutral tint, while" the dove is white with
gold rays streaming from it. In the picture at the side of
this, the Virgin, as a child, dressed in blue, meets the High
Priest (in a red cope over a red and gold dalmatic, and a
white mitre) at the top of the fifteen steps of the temple, and
her father and mother, the one wearing red and the other
blue, stand at the foot of the steps. The picture to the lower
left of the page shows Saint Joachim and Saint Anne, the
parents of the Blessed Virgin, embracing each other as they
meet at the Golden Gate of Nazareth (see p. 42). Saint
Joachim wears a grey tunic and red mantle, and Saint Anne
a grey tunic and blue mantle. The gate is painted with gold
upon yellow, and the houses beyond, showing red roofs, appear
over a dark neutral tint wall, across a blue moat. The last
picture shows Saint Anne in bed, wearing a red night-dress
and white night-cap or veil. Two maids in blue and grey
dresses are preparing to wash her infant daughter in a wooden
tub. The hangings and coverlet of the bed are blue lined
with red, and embroidered with gold. In every case where a

xviii DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
nimbus is worn it consists of a circular gold line around the
head, and all the high lights are put in with gold paint ; while
the architectural border surrounding the whole is coloured
with gold paint or powder. The only gold-leaf used is in the
initial letter, which lies on a gold plate, and is coloured red
and blue with fine ornamentation in white. This picture is a
good example of a type very common in French and Flemish
Books of Hours in the end of the fifteenth century. The
present example is of about average excellence, and shows
the usual late treatment of the subjects very fairly. For
further information respecting Books of Hours and their con
tents, see Introduction, p. xxxix.
Plate X. The Virgin and Child. — From an English
Manuscript in the Royal Library (2 B vi, f. \2b) of the early
part of the fourteenth century, containing the Psalter, etc.,
with a number of coloured drawings of scenes from the life of
Our Lord, together with the martyrdoms of Saints Alban,
Amphibalus, Edmund, and others prefixed. The book be
longed to the Abbey of St. Alban, in Herts, to which it was
given by Brother John de Dalling, with the permission of
John, Abbot of that monastery, where it was kept in the
little aumbry in the choir, as appears by a note on the fly-leaf.
In the present plate, which is slightly reduced in size from the
original, the Blessed Virgin, clothed in a brown-tinted robe
lined with green, wearing a jewelled crown and holding a red
sceptre, is seated on a red and green throne, apparently of
carved masonry, and holds in her arms the Infant Christ,
dressed in a green tunic with a purple robe. The background
within the arch is of a somewhat hard blue, the pillars are red,
and the rest of the stone-work seems intended to be of the
colour of Caen stone, while the spandrils of the arch are of a
light chocolate colour, with a pattern in white, the whole
being enclosed in a green frame. The faces are tinted with
red. This picture represents one of the latest instances of the

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. XIX
early English school of coloured drawing. The treatment
and pose" are according to early style, and the colours are
partly transparent and partly opaque, the former greatly
predominating and showing the pen-drawing beneath. In
other pictures in the same book the opaque colours are
entirely wanting, the drawing being executed with the pen,
and merely washed or shaded with the brush.
Plate XI. The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. — This
plate is taken from the Cottonian Manuscript (Titus D xxvii,
f. 65 b). It is a good specimen of the fine free-hand drawing
of the Saxon period, about the beginning of the eleventh
century ; in all probability drawn by the Abbot ./Elfwine, of
New-Minster, at Winchester, who has written over the cross
the lines :
Hec crux consignet sElfwinum corpore, mente ;
In qua suspendens traxit Deus omnia secum.
The picture refers to a prayer to the cross, inserted in a
previous page of the Manuscript. The crucified Saviour
wears round his loins a cloth, the folds of which reach to the
knees. The feet, which are apart, not crossed as in later
representations, rest upon a projecting corbel of rectangular
form. Saint Mary and Saint John the Apostle stand beside
the cross with uplifted heads rayed about with a beaded or
dotted nimbus, while that of the Saviour is disklike with a
cross pattee and studs or dots of pale blue (hardly seen in the
photograph) upon its inner circumference. Beneath are
trefoiled flowers ; and above is the Hand of .the Almighty
Father issuing from the clouds in the act of pronouncing a
blessing, and pointing to the tablet fastened to the upper part
of the cross, which is inscribed with the usual sentence, hic est
Ihesus Nazarenus Rex Iudeorum. The most interesting parts
of this fine picture are the classical treatments of the sun and
moon, in the field above the arms of the cross, here personified

XX DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
as two three-quarter-length figures, draped, each holding a
flaming torch or lamp of shape like a horn or cornucopise.
The sun, depicted as Phcebus, has an antique crown of five
radiating points upon his head ; in his right hand he grasps a
full-orbed disk inscribed " Sol." The corresponding figure of
the moon has the horns of the crescent moon upon her head
for a crown, the word "Luna" being written between the
asps. This imitation of a classical style of representing the
heavenly bodies is found frequently in the Utrecht Psalter and
in many other illustrated Manuscripts of the period embraced
between the eighth and the eleventh centuries.
' Plate XII. A Tournament. — From a Manuscript (24,098,
f. 23 b) of the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century, written
in Flanders, and consisting of miniatures cut from at least two
different books. The present plate is of the same size as the
original, and forms the illustration to the month of June in a
calendar. In the foreground are two knights fighting with
swords. They wear steel-blue armour with long plumes, and
the horse of the one has red, and of the other green, trappings.
Two serving men, one in red and dark blue and the other in
yellow and light blue, stand by with long poles, apparently to
prevent the combat from becoming too serious. Further
back, two knights are tilting with lances across a barrier. In
the background appear the crowds of spectators, with a raised
"grand stand" for the more important of them, and the
windows of the dark grey fortress behind them are crowded
with figures. The houses in the distant street have red tiled
roofs, but the grander buildings nearer at hand are apparently
of grey stone roofed with blue lead. The border (gold paint
on blue) contains ornamentation copied from the stone tracery
of the period, with a little picture of a grotesque mock-
combat. The whole execution shows the utmost delicacy of
touch, as well as great artistic power and knowledge of per
spective and colour. The picture is a good instance of the

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. XXI
latest period of illumination, when art was just emerging from'
the conventionalities of mediaevalism, and pictures were be
ginning to exist which bore a real likeness to the scenes
intended to be pourtrayed. The rest of the plates of the
volume are of similarly beautiful execution. It is conjectured
that some of them are the work of Gerhard Hoornbach, and
it is curious that another Manuscript (Add. 18,855) contains
several pictures exactly resembling some of these, except as
to size, these being very much smaller.
In this series of twelve picture*, an endeavour has been
made to give typical specimens of the styles of drawing and
illumination obtaining in various countries at different times,
so far as the very limited number of plates at our command
could represent them. Thus the illustrations may be classified
as follows :
Of the Greek style, plate VI. represents the kind of
illumination in vogue in the twelfth century, the period of the
' best art, in that empire.
Of the English style, plate XI. shows the slightly tinted
drawing of the eleventh century.
Plate V., the same of the twelfth century.
Plate III., of the thirteenth century.
Plate X., the illumination, or rather coloured drawing of the
fourteenth century.
The French style of illumination is represented by plate II.
of the fourteenth century, plate I., of the early .fifteenth, and
plate IX., of the late fifteenth century.
Italian art, in the illustration of Manuscripts, finds a place
in this collection in plate IV., an early example of beautiful
design in the best style, and of the best period. This, although
considerably coloured, does not belong to the well-known
class of Italian illuminations which have heavy body-colour
or tempera freely laid on in large surfaces.

XX11 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

The German style of illumination contributes two pictures
to the series, plate VIII. of the twelfth century, and plate VII.
of the following age.
The Flemish style is well represented by Plate XII., a
specimen of the elaboration of pictures of the late fifteenth or
early sixteenth century.
The photographic reproduction of coloured pictures really
results in a kind of translation from varying colour to varying
shade of pigment, which, by the working of the autotype process,
is really a permanent substance, of the nature of printing ink,
and quite as durable. But by whatever process the photographic
picture be committed to paper, colour in the original object is
translated into a tone or shade in the photographic engraving.
The shade, however, does not always correspond with the
tint: for example, blue becomes white in photography; yellow
and red, black ; gold leaf, green, brown, purple, and secondary
colours, generally of a neutral or middle tint ; black and white
alone preserve their originality. This is owing to the varying
powers of refraction possessed by colours. It is only by
painting the original picture in monochrome, that is, graduated
tones of the same colour, generally black (a method now not
unfrequently adopted by artists with an ulterior view of having
their work reproduced by photography), that this shifting of
the shade, or depth of tone, according to the refrangibility of
different colours, can be successfully avoided. These remarks,
therefore, must be borne in mind by the reader when examin
ing the illustrations in the following pages of this work side
by side with the foregoing description of them.

INTRODUCTION.

1HE want of a handy Dictionary to the
artistic and antiquarian treasures contained in
the illuminated Manuscripts preserved in the Depart
ment of Manuscripts in the British Museum, has long
been felt by all who have had occasion, whether for
the gratification of the pleasure to be derived from
the contemplation of these wondrous pictures, or in
their pursuit after knowledge of the contemporary arts
which these illustrations afford, to visit the valuable
and comprehensive collections belonging to the
nation, and now deposited within the walls of our
Scientific University, the British Museum. It is
from a desire to assist such enquirers, to direct their
research, and to lighten their labours, while by no
means desiring to anticipate the proper formation of
a detailed and exhaustive Catalogue of the subject
which may be gleaned by a systematic examination
of a collection of nearly a thousand Manuscripts
adorned with miniatures and illuminations, that it has
occurred to the authors of this present work to
examine carefully, and in accordance with a regular

XXIV introduction.
plan of arrangement first laid down, almost the
whole number of these works of art, omitting only
such books as, from the lateness of their date, the
manifest inferiority of their execution, or the un
profitable nature of their contents, , were found
unnecessary to be indexed, lest the bulk of the work.
we had proposed to execute should be swelled
beyond fairly tractable limits.
Before defining the exact objects which thjs work
is intended to achieve, it will be necessary first of all
to give the reader some general information respect
ing the preparation and History of Manuscripts, and
the composition of the national Library in which
these works are contained. Every student of early
and Mediaeval art, whether Biblical, Liturgical, or
purely literary, as well as all those who practice the
rapidly improving methods of reproducing illumina
tions, are, or should be, fully aware of the existence in
our Museum of numerous and unequalled examples
of the subjects they require to examine, compare, or
reproduce. But until the preparation of the present
work, which, it is hoped, will supply them and others
who follow kindred pursuits, with the means of
finding the exact picture, the particular style, or the
peculiar school of native workmanship which may
be required, no specially adequate means was in
existence for their help : and the student was forced
to rely upon such information as he could gather
from catalogues, excellent in their nature, it is true
and of great value to the general body, but (inasmuch
as they were prepared from other points of view)
unqualified to give complete indication of this

introduction. xxv
special object of search. In other cases the artist-
student was compelled to rely upon his good or bad
fortune in wearily wading through the numerous
catalogues and separate indexes which have been
prepared for the individual collections, in the hope
of finding anything which could assist him towards
the attainment of his object. The Department of
Manuscripts, indeed, possesses a catalogue devoted
to Illuminated Manuscripts ; but as one entry only is
allotted to each volume of Miniatures and Illumina
tions, no attempt is made to point out individual
pictures, much less to indicate subordinate objects
of interest, such as implements, weapons, cos
tumes, buildings, and other details or attributes of
which those pictures consist. Hence, while that
catalogue, by no means to be slighted, may be
taken in hand by the more general enquirer first of
all, the authors of the present work trust they will be
allowed to have advanced materially in the direction
pursued by the attentive and eager artist of modern
days, who is now by means of this work for the first
time enabled to turn immediately to his especial
subject, and save alike his time and patience. At
the same time the benefit is not small that has been
rendered to future enquirers by the simple fact that
many most valuable, or even unique Manuscripts of
the choicest and finest art, and of the rarest antiquity,
need not now be subjected unnecessarily to the imper
ceptible injury of being handled and turned over by
inexperienced fingers, in the search for, say, a saint with
a particular emblem, an ecclesiastic with a particular
robe, or a border with a distinctive style of treatment.

XXVI introduction.

It has been stated by a well-known writer, that two
of the greatest difficulties which appear to beset the
literary student at the British Museum "are, first,
the want of knowing the number and contents of the
catalogues placed for his use ; and secondly, to which
of these he can turn with the best chance of finding
the information he seeks ; and this more particularly
applies to the Manuscript collections, which are very
numerous, with a separate catalogue to each."
Although this was written before the preparation of
the Classed Catalogue, which has in many cases
superseded this statement, it is nevertheless perfectly
correct as regards the detailed account of the
illuminations and pictures which the authors here
describe. The actual number of manuscripts stored up in the
British Museum, at the time of writing this work, is
upwards of fifty thousand. The Sloane Collection,
which owes its origin to the energy of Sir Hans
Sloane, Baronet, of Chelsea, contains four thousand
one hundred volumes. The Cottonian Collection, of
nine hundred very choice manuscripts, comprehends
a vast repertory of literature and art. These were
collected by Sir Robert Cotton in the early part of
the seventeenth century. The numeration of this
library is not by a series of Arabic numbers as in
most of the other collections, but by the names of
the twelve Caesars, to whom are added the celebrated
historical personages Cleopatra and Faustina. This
arises from the fact, that in the original library four
teen bookcases, each presided over by the tutelary bust
of the personage referred to, contained the volumes

INTRODUCTION. XXV11
and gave their names to the books therein deposited.
This nomenclature was not cancelled when the
library was rearranged, although the relative position
of the volumes is not now kept up. The Harley, or
Harleian Collection, comprises seven thousand six
hundred and thirty nine Manuscripts originally
belonging to Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, eldest
soil of Sir Edward Harley. The Royal Library,
called also " Old Royal," was founded by King
James I., and contains nineteen hundred and fifty
volumes ; among them being a large series of richly
illuminated chronicles of great size and beauty.
These four collections mentioned above were ac
quired by the British Museum at the time of its
foundation in 1753.
The subsequent additions, larger undoubtedly in
point of number, yield to these in beauty and rarity.
They are : — the Lansdowne Collection purchased in
1807 from the representatives of William Petty, first
Marquis of Lansdowne. This collection amounts to
twelve hundred and forty-five volumes. The Har-
grave Library, principally books relating to law,
was purchased in 1813 from Francis Hargrave, Esq.,
Q.C., a well known lawyer. The collection numbers
nearly five hundred volumes. Another collection of
value and importance is that known as the Burney
Library, five hundred and twenty -four Manuscripts of
various classes purchased for the nation in 181 7 at
the death of the collector, the Rev. Charles Burney,
D.D. Many of these volumes are rare copies of
classical authors. The collection made by king
George III., and presented by George IV. in 1823,

XXV111 INTRODUCTION.
amounts to four hundred and thirty-eight volumes,
the volumes of Manuscript were added to the
Department of Manuscripts in 1840, and is now
known as the "Kings" Collection, in contradistinc
tion to the Royal Collection already mentioned.
The Arundel Collection takes its name from
Thomas Howard, twenty-third Earl of Arundel,
whose Manuscripts were originally divided between
the Royal Society and the College of Arms, but in
183 1, those which had been in the possession of the
Royal Society were acquired for the British Museum.
They amount to five hundred and fifty Manuscripts of
select beauty and interest.
The Egerton Library of Manuscripts derives its
origin from the bequest, in 1825, of a small collection
of volumes and charters by Francis Henry Egerton,
eighth Earl of Bridgewater ; he also left a consider
able sum of money to be invested- for the augmenta
tion of this collection, which has now reached the
number of two thousand five hundred and fourteen
Manuscripts. The fund was increased in 1838 by a
bequest of the Right Hon. Charles Long, Baron
Farnborough, a man of considerable taste, and called
the " Vitruvius" of his age.
The Additional Collection receives all Manuscripts
purchased by the Trustees of the British Museum,
or presented to them since the foundation. Its
numeration commences at 4101, where the Sloane
Collection, already spoken of, terminates. The
present number of these Manuscripts is upwards of
twenty-six thousand seven hundred, numbered con
secutively from 4101 to 30,864.

INTRODUCTION. XXIX
Of the enormously varied nature of the contents of
these Collections it would be impossible to give the
reader any useful notice within the bounds of the
pages here at disposal. Those who desire to obtain
more close acquaintance with this subject will have
no difficulty in consulting the numerous Catalogues of
them which have been prepared from time to time.
The prefaces of these Catalogues contain- much that
is of great interest to the bibliographer and librarian.
The Classed Catalogue, however, which in its present
transitional state consists of the entire collection of
separate Catalogues, cut up and arranged in subjects,
deserves a passing notice, for it is undoubtedly a
successful attempt to bring to a practical issue a
work, which has hitherto been as much an object of
dread as of desire, to all to whose appointed lot the
management of libraries of Manuscripts has fallen :
dreaded, because they alone can rightly estimate the
extent of labour such an undertaking involves, and
the difficulties of minutely critical subdivision, which,
indeed, increase in proportion to the progress of the
work; desired, on the other hand, because the advan
tages of such a work as a Classed Catalogue are only
too patent, not only to those whose life and labour is,
so to speak, bound up with them, but to all alike
whose needs or fancies impel them to consult its
pages. Of the transcendent merits of a preliminary
Catalogue of the entire series of Manuscripts that we,
as a nation, possess stored within the walls of the
British Museum, a Catalogue, let it be remembered,
arranged according to subjects, and not merely a ca
pricious enumeration according to date of acquisition,

XXX INTRODUCTION.
or size of volume, as all former Catalogues have
been, we leave those who visit the British Museum
to judge for themselves, when they inspect the boon
provided for them by the energies of the department.
Although but lately prepared, upwards of one
hundred large folio volumes bound in red and green
and blue, each colour not without a signification,
stand before our view, and mutely, but not less
eloquently, call upon us to praise the efforts of
Mr. Bond who first started the work, and whose
immediate superintendence throughout has conduced
so much to the successful completion of a task that
has produced the largest Catalogue of Manuscripts in
the world.
The mere statistics of this Catalogue, although we
do not pretend to say much on this point, are
sufficiently formidable. Upwards of forty volumes,
duplicates of the older Catalogues, have been cut up
and distributed as the component portions of the new
one ; so that whereas a reader in search of a Bible,
let us say, or a political tract of a given date and
country, would have been constrained to wade
through twenty separate volumes of Catalogues, he
now simply has to look at one, and that one so con
structed as to limit his research to a few pages at
most. Roughly speaking, upwards of a hundred and
fifty thousand separate articles, in most cases repre
senting distinct Manuscripts, appear to have been
entered into the new Catalogue. This method of cut
ting up and re-arranging has thus produced a prelimin
ary Catalogue, embracing under separate heads and
in separate volumes every species of Manuscript

INTRODUCTION. XXXI

literature ; while a handy volume of index, containing
the tabulated contents of the series and itself extending
to a hundred pages, points to that individual member
of the series in which will be found the object of
research. It will also be evident to any one who
glances over the pages of the Catalogue that several
of the classes, those for instance containing Bibles,
Classics, and History proper, have been carefully
worked over, every Manuscript examined, different
editions of the same treatise noted, errors of original
description rectified, and all the newest canons of
the palaeographer brought to bear upon them.
Others, it is true, yet await this stage of adornment.
Not a single ramification of ancient and mediaeval
literature is unrepresented in the pages of this Cata
logue. As regards our own land, the number of
Manuscripts to be ascribed to a period anterior to
the Norman conquest is very considerable, not a few
divide by the date of their origin the span of years
that compose our era. The number of so called
Anglo-Saxon, or rather early English Manuscripts,
consisting principally of Bibles, Liturgies, Theology,
Chronicles, and a few Scientific treatises, is very
tolerable when we consider their remote antiquity,
and the perils by fire and water which they have
only too frequently undergone. Of Greek, Abys
sinian, and many Oriental languages,1 the represen
tatives we possess are especially numerous, and
comprise examples of the best class. But in Latin,
Norman, and later French, and English, the store is
well-nigh inexhaustible. Even out-of-the-way dialects,
1 The Oriental MSS. are not included at present in the Classed Catalogue.

XXX11 INTRODUCTION.

like the Cornish, the Venetian, the Catalan, the
Provencal, and the Illyrian occur, while the Irish, the
Welsh, and the Icelandic may be numbered almost
by their hundreds.
In the Classed Catalogue, of course language
is to some extent subordinate to subject-matter.
Hardly one branch of science or literature in which
our forefathers took delight fails to be represented,
whether we study them in their sterner moods of
Theology and History, or their biting sarcasms and
exaggerated diatribes in prose or verse against the
Religious Orders, their poetical fancies in neatly
measured rhyme, their intrepid yearning after the
unknown, their intrigues of state, or their eagerness
after discovery. So great a mass of matter throwing
a new light upon each and every of these phases
of national character is piled before the reader in a
fair state of order, and therefore to some extent
increasing the value of what it teaches, that no
reasonable man will dare to shrink from searching
the Catalogue before he ventures to expound his
theories of the development of our manners, our
customs, and our philosophy, and in one word, our
nationality. Pity it is that, for all our seemingly immense
collections, only the veriest ignorance and barbarism
has prevented the preservation of twenty times the
number. When we reflect how illuminations were
torn from priceless volumes by maidservants to
amuse fractious children, how soldiers of Henry
VIII. and of Cromwell at the looting of an abbey or
a cathedral rode away in surplices with an organ

INTRODUCTION. XXX111
pipe in one hand and a service-book (the principal
source of our art-pictures) in the other, or tore a
whole library of such books into fragments and
rolled about kneedeep in them, or how the glovers
of a town supplied themselves with vellum for ten
years with the produce of a single abbey library —
"gloves were then," says a quaint old writer,
" wrapped up in many a goodly piece of antiquity," —
the wonder is rather that so much has been pre
served to enchant us now, to show us how the same
spirit of conscious beauty which breathes in our
thirteenth century architecture, was present in its
greatest power with the illuminator in the seclusion
of the scriptorium, and with the seal engraver in those
hours of labour that produced such numerous
examples of simple, chastened, and yet grand con
ceptions of his art, just before the pompous intricacy
of heraldry broke in with irresistible force upon his
simplicity. The future historian of his own country
can now make no excuses for being content to '
plagiarise or at least imitate his predecessors, nor
dare to but generalise alone over historical events of
which much new and definite information lies ready
to his hand, unless indeed he be content to share the
fate of the Pacific islander, who will die starving
rather than exert himself to put out his hand and
pluck the ripe breadfruit overhead. The theologian
shall gather long-forgotten wisdom from the ancient
fathers of his Church. Augustine and Beda, Anselm
and Lanfranc, Grostete and Langton, and the anony
mous hosts whose treatises await a future Abbe Migne
to publish them, are here at the beck and call of

XXXIV INTRODUCTION.
the student, who may read, from contemporary
copies very often, if not from actual holographs
not as yet assigned to their illustrious authors,
what he has hitherto contentedly derived from an
uncertain reprint. The topographer may feast upon
rare old country histories never yet vulgarised, so
to speak, by the printing-press ; the biographer will
find literary pabulum of no mean quality, and of
generous quantity ; while before lovers of autographs,
seals, charters, and letters, and to seekers after the
marvel of fiction, whether in shape of Carlovingian
or Arthurian Romance, English and Foreign drama,
lives of ancient and mediaeval personages, or songs
of troubadours, a rare banquet is spread in the walls
of the British Museum.
In one set of volumes are the descriptions of the
Greek Bibles and Service Books, under which head
are comprehended a Series of Lectionaries and
Psalters, Martyrologies, and Commentaries, many of
which are of the tenth and eleventh centuries ; and
some among them are embellished with that peculiar
style of illumination, which is like none other for its
breadth of contrast, its complicated monogrammatic
lettering and word-building, its well balanced
harmony of colour and design in the chequered
ornamentation so much affected by limners of the
Greek school.
Latin Bibles, Anglo-Saxon New Testaments, and
English Bibles are in good number and of a fine
type. Manuscripts of the Wyckliffite versions of the
Scriptures, of which there are two or more distinct
dialectic editions, which may be styled the early and

INTRODUCTION. XXXV
the late, are especially numerous, and some among
them may be referred to the concluding years
of the fourteenth century. Glossaries and argu
ments, and the Bible history, bring up the rear
of this class. Another subdivision, not less numerous
nor less rich in the profuse splendour of the illumina
tions, delicate handwriting, or general ensemble as
works of mediaeval art of the highest point of decora
tions, are the Service Books, from which so much has
been obtained in the way of design and effect by the
illuminating school of the present age. Every
country of Europe, but of course principally England,
France, Germany, the Low countries, and Italy, con
tributes to make up the unique collection of which
the Classed Catalogue takes cognizance. Missals
and Breviaries, Ordinals and Pontificals, Manuals,
Graduals, Antiphonaries, Hymnals, Psalters, Lec
tionaries, and Hours of the Blessed Virgin occur
page after page in a regular stream carefully arranged
by country and by date, and it is doubtful if any
other library in the world possesses so complete and
extensive a collection of these books. Many of them
gather an additional charm from the history of their
owners. Henry VIII., Anne Boleyn, and Mary,
Lady Jane Grey, and Elizabeth, and half a score of
monarchs of the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth
centuries have left their marks behind them on the
pages of these wondrous books : — while some, like
the "Bedford Missal" and the "Isabella Book,"
which have been carefully indexed as regards their
pictorial aspect for the present work, were prepared
in an especially magnificent style to suit the fancy

XXXVI INTRODUCTION.
and please the sated eyes of their destined owners.
The mere market value of some of these books is not
to be calculated by hundreds, but thousands of
pounds. A few in the very rare and chastely beauti
ful style known as " Grisaille," or " Camaieu gris,"
demand the especial attention of the connoisseur.
The mere borders of some of these art-pictures,
floriated and adorned with every imaginable kind of
leaf-work, carving, and intricate designs, enriched
with grotesques of the animal world, — snails tilting
with caterpillars and butterflies, apes and hares in
counterposition with swine in monastic garb, and
foxes in human gear, are of a delicate richness of
handiwork and illustrate to perfection the minute
carefulness without which it would be impossible to
represent so elaborate a filigree style as was the
principal aim of the illuminator. Volumes might be
written upon each school of the illuminations : the
English famous for its clearness and breadth, the
French for its delicate fineness and harmoniously
assorted colours, the Flemish for its minutely stippled
details, and the Italian for the gorgeous yet calm
pride that is so prominently exhibited in its best
specimens. The mass of theological Manuscripts is very great,
and by its size alone testifies to the universal interest
for the divine naturally indulged in by all classes of
literati. The bulk indeed of learned in the early
middle ages was drawn from those who had some
connection with the Church. Hence we find
numerous copies of sermons, early Epistolae or
so-called letters, although really profound treatises ;

INTRODUCTION. XXXvii
tractates, and English and Foreign theological works.
Lives of Saints and Martyrologies appear to possess
two aspects : the ecclesiastical, in so far as they
mainly treat of the sanctity of the early church
working through its individual members, by miracles
and by rapid evangelisation of the world, and
strengthening these pioneers of Christianity in their
hour of martyrdom and death ; and the lay or
purely biographical part which is not altogether
unmixed with elements we may now consider
supernatural." The scriptorium, or so called domus antiquariorum,
was the ever-present adjunct of the monastery. In
it there were assembled from day to day those of the
monks who by their superior proficiency in art or
literature had been appointed to its service by the
head of the religious house. One class, the antiquarii,
prepared copies of old and valued Manuscripts ;
another, the librarii, were employed on the transcrip
tion of more modern works. It is unnecessary here
to describe the general contents of a monastic or
church library. Many lists are known, and have
been published by Tanner, Hunter, and other anti
quaries. It was in the secluded quiet of the scriptorium that
the most charming art, so many specimens of which
have been handed down to us in the present day, the
art of illumination, was elaborated and advanced ; *
1 See "On the Classification of Manuscripts," etc., by W. de G. Birch, Transactions
of the Royal Society of Literature, Vol. XI.
' St. David, the patron Saint of Wales, is said to have occupied himself very assi
duously at the work of illumination ; and Giraldus Cambrensis, the historian of that
country, declares that the Saint left at his death a copy of the Gospel of St. John.
written in letters of gold, unfinished.

XXXVIII INTRODUCTION.

pictures "so vainly imitated," says a modern writer,
" by the artists of the present day, not from want of
genius, but from want of something almost in
describable in the conception and execution, a tone
and preservation of colour, and especially of the
gilding, which was essentially peculiar to the old
monks, who must have possessed some secret both
of combination and fixing of colours, which has been
lost with them." Illumination, and the art of
designing, drawing, and painting miniatures, borders,
or initials, was not a rapid invention ; its growth was
the result of many years ; and in different countries
the art assumed very different degrees of perfection
at contemporary epochs. Hence we find, for example,
that while the Irish style was in its full beauty, the
English had scarcely begun to exist. As a remark
able instance of the practice in mediaeval times of
copying illuminated Manuscripts, attention should
be drawn to the Royal Manuscript 20 C v, a volume
containing the work of Jehan Boccace, entitled, Les.
Cleres et Nobles Femmes, or Les Femmes Nobles et
Renommees. This book has a large number of
illuminated pictures faithfully and minutely copied
from the identical source that has afforded coloured
illustrations to another Manuscript in the same collec
tion, 16 G v, which is of somewhat coarse execution.
Although the pictures of these Manuscripts cor
respond so closely, the style of the borders and the
elaboration of the initials are very different.
The greatest number of illuminations was bestowed
on Service Books for the use of the church, or for use
in the church by the wealthy private worshippers;

INTRODUCTION'. XXXDt
the principal of these books are known as Missals,
Psalters, and Horce, "Hours," or Prayer books.
In the list of illuminated Manuscripts it will be
noticed that by far the greater number of religious
books bear the title of " Hours." Some explanation
of this title is necessary for the benefit of those whose
knowledge of liturgical subjects is limited.
A " Book of Hours," Horct Beatce Marice Vir-
ginis, " Prymer," or by whatever other title it may
be known, contains chiefly the " Office of our Lady,"
from the Breviary ; with the addition of various
prayers and other pieces. The book was intended for
the use of the laity, and was generally adorned with
miniatures, representing chiefly events in the life of
the Mother of God. Now, as the miniatures were
generally inserted on the same principle in these
books, certain pictures being almost always con
sidered applicable to particular Services, the best ex
planation of the system will be a full description of
one of them. For this purpose let us examine Egerton
1070, a fifteenth century Manuscript, formerly ber
longing to King Rene of Provence, the father of Mar
garet, wife of Henry VI. of England. In this description
we shall omit all notice of certain irrelevant pictures
attributed to the hand of the royal owner himself. It
comprehends : —
1. Calendar; with emblematic representations of the
seasons and signs of the zodiac.
2. Cur sus Evangelii, or passages from each of the
Evangelists, relating to the Incarnation; with a picture
of the Evangelist with each. These passages, which
frequently occur in most of these books, are :

xl INTRODUCTION.
(a.) St. John. In principio erat verbum, etc. —
St. John i. 1-14.
(b.) St. Luke. Missus est Angelus Gabriel, etc.
— St. Luke i. 26-38.
(c.) St. Matthew. Cum natus esset Jesus. — St.
Matthew ii. 1-12.
(d.) St. Mark. Recumbentibus undecim discipulis.
— St. Mark, xvi. 14-20.
3. The Hours of the Blessed Virgin Mary; to which
are apportioned the following pictures :
(a.) Matins. The Annunciation.
(b.) Lauds. The Nativity of Our Lord.1
(c.) Prime. The Visitation of Our Lady.
(d.) Tierce. The Angel and the Shepherds.
(e.) Sext. The Adoration of the Magi.
(/.) Nones. The Presentation in the Temple.
(g.) Evensong. The Flight into Egypt.
(h.) Compline. The Coronation of Our Lady.
4. The seven penitential Psalms ; with a picture of
King David praying, the Father appearing above,
surrounded by seraphim.
5. The Litany of the Saints.
6. The Office of the Dead ; with a picture of the
performance of the Office. (In some Manuscripts the
raising of Lazarus accompanies this subject.)
7. " Hours " of different forms for use on the several
days of the week ; with pictures to each, viz. :
(a.) Sunday. Of the Trinity. Picture, the Trinity.
(b.) Monday. Of the faithful departed. Picture, a
funeral.
1 In many cases this subject is annexed to the office of Prime, and the Visitation to
that of Lauds, an arrangement certainly more in accordance with the chronological
sequence of events.

INTRODUCTION. xii
(c.) Tuesday. Of All Saints. Picture, All Saints.
(d.) Wednesday. Of the Holy Ghost. Picture,
Pentecost.
(e.) Thursday. Of the Blessed Sacrament. Picture,
Chalice and Host.
(/.) Friday. Of the Cross. Picture, the Crucifixion.
(g.) Saturday. Of Our Lady. Picture, Virgin
and Child.
8. The Commemorations of the Saints, with a
small picture to each Saint given.
g. Propria for certain special Masses, with pictures
arranged as follows :
(a.) Of the Holy Ghost. Trinity, with seraph.
(b.) Of the Blessed Sacrament. The Last Supper.
(c.) Of Our Lady. Virgin and Child.
(d.) Of the Cross. Crucifixion.
(e.) Of the dead. Funeral Service.
io. The Passion of our Lord, according to the four
Gospels, with pictures arranged as follows :
(a.) St. Matthew. The Betrayal.
(b.) St. Mark. Our Lord bearing His Cross.
(c.) St. Luke. The Scourging.
(d.) St. John. The Crucifixion.
The books containing pictures arranged on the
above system are for the most part of late French or
Flemish origin ; and though there are several instances
of English "Hours," there are various differences in
the plan of arrangement, which, added to an inferior
style of workmanship, give a noticeably distinct ap
pearance to them.
At an earlier date than the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries, there occur a large number of illuminated

xiii

INTRODUCTION.

Psalters ; but when complete Breviaries became the
rule, these were in a great measure superseded, their
contents being included in the latter form of book.
The Breviary itself is nothing more than the form of
recitation of the Psalter distributed throughout the
one nocturnal and seven daily Services arranged for.
the seven days of the week, with accompanying
lessons, hymns, collects, antiphons, etc., for the most
part varying with the season. Before the complete
work was compiled (i.e., before the twelfth century)
the following books were necessary for the due per
formance of the daily offices :
i. The Psalter, containing the Psalms of David,
with the addition of the Canticles (e.g., the Te Deum,
Magnificat, Benedictus, Benedicite, etc.) and some
times of Hymns.
2. The Antiphonary, or Antiphonale, containing the
Antiphons (short passages of Scripture sung before
and after Psalms, etc.) and other musical portions
of the Service, with notes set to the words.
3. The Hymnal, containing the hymns for the ordi
nary hours, and for special days.
4. The Legend, or Legenda, containing the lessons
read at Matins, being passages of Scripture, extracts
from homilies of St. Gregory, St. Augustine, and
others, and, in the case of Saint's Days, short accounts
of the lives of Saints, taken from almost any available
source ; including, in the English uses, such authors
as William of Malmesbury , Bede, and the Anglo-Saxon
Chronicler. Indeed, so universal are the compilers
in their choice, that there is no reason why in the case
of Saints of late date, such works as Lingard's or

INTRODUCTION. xliii
Froude's histories should not be laid under contri
bution. 5. The Collectary contains the collects for Sundays
and Festivals.
Of these, the Psalter, though generally of small
size, was by far the most gorgeous. In early times
it sometimes happened that every Psalm was illus
trated in a most literal manner,' a work in many cases
of great ingenuity, and in the later instances the
Psalms were often preceded by a series of pictures
illustrating the earthly life of the Saviour of the
world ; while such Psalms as began important Services
{e.g., Dixit Dominus, the first Psalm of Sunday Even
song) had their initial letters embellished with ap
propriate miniatures.
The Antiphonary, which continued to a late date
as a choir book (and, indeed, is still used as a separate
volume in churches of the Roman rite), was often of
gigantic size, and, though seldom containing many
pictures, was often remarkable for excellence of what
(if one may apply the word to a Manuscript) may be
called the letterpress.
The Hymnals, Legends, and Collectaries are not
very common books, and seldom contain many
miniatures. When at last the Breviary as a whole became
general, these books gradually went out of use. The
complete work, being intended for use rather than
for show, was frequently of as small size as was con
sistent with the quantity of its contents, and seldom
' See "The History, Art, and Palaeography of the Utrecht Psalter." Bagster,
1876.

xliv INTRODUCTION.
contained much ornament. In some cases, however,
large copies with many illuminations were executed
for the use of churches, and not unfrequently copies
of smaller size, but of the nature of editions de luxe,
were written and printed for some royal or wealthy
person (e.g., Add. 18,851, which belonged to Queen
Isabel of Castile). Those generally contained
miniatures representing Saints (forming initials to the
Services for their feasts) and often elaborate borders
and finials, but they seldom attained to the splendour
of " Books of Hours." In the ordinary small copies,
intended chiefly to be pocket volumes for priests, and
designed for cheapness and portability, such adorning
was unlikely to be found, and they seldom contained
more than an occasional coloured initial, and some
times not even that.
Thus much for the books appropriated to the Ser
vices of the canonical Hours. Of the fact that these
should be the most numerous, no further explanation
is needed than a reference to the two common ex
pressions " to hear Mass " and " to recite the Offices "
(i.e., the Hours). The other class of Service books
includes those which relate to the more sacred Service
of the Holy Eucharist. After the eleventh century
the whole of this is to be found included in one book,
the Missal, but before that date the following were
necessary for its performance :
1. The Sacramentary, containing the Collects, Pre
faces, and Canon of the Mass, with occasionally some
other Services, such as that of Baptism, etc. This
book is very rarely to be met with.
2. The Lectionary, containing the Epistles and

INTRODUCTION. xiv
Gospels, which are sometimes found in separate
books, the Epistle book being then often called the
Lectionary. 3. The Evangeliary (Evangeliarium), containing the
Gospels arranged for various days ; or the Evangelia
containing the four Gospels in their usual order ;
generally having a portrait of the Evangelist attached
to each Gospel.
The Gradual, containing the Introits, Graduals
(i.e., Psalms and Antiphons preceding the Gospels),
Offertories, Communions, etc., set to music. This
is still used as a choir book. It is to the Missal
what the Antiphonary is to the Breviary, and re
sembles the latter in size and ornament.
But in later times the Missal became the only
book absolutely necessary for the celebration of Mass,
and there are several of these in our list, all more or
less adorned with miniatures. Almost all Missals
have, or have had, a full-page picture of the Cruci
fixion opposite the beginning of the Canon (a portion
of the Service answering to the Prayer of Consecration
in the English Communion service) as appropriate
to that " Sacrifice of the Mass, which is the same in
substance with that which Christ offered for us on the
Cross."1 In Missals of French origin, both Manu
script and printed, this picture is sometimes faced by
one representing either the Trinity, or Our Lord in
glory ; and in many Manuscripts the initial T of the
Canon (Te igitur, clementissime Pater) either forms the
cross of a crucifix ; or, if the round Gothic T be used,
1 See " Instructions for hearing Mass," in Bishop Challoner's Garden of the Soul.

xlvi INTRODUCTION.
it contains a picture of a priest in the act of offering
the Sacrifice. Besides these pictures, which appear
to be de rigueur, there are often introduced representa
tions of Saints or other subjects in juxtaposition to
the propria of their feasts.
These are the principal illuminated Service books ;
many, as might be expected, are of English origin,
and it is easy, though profitless, to speculate upon
what might have been their number, had not so many
been " reformed " out of existence by the fury of the
founders of the English Church, whose zeal, whatever
it may have been in questions of theology, morals, or
ritual, was, from a librarian's standpoint, not " ac
cording to knowledge.'' And here we may notice a
curious point in connection with English Service
books, to wit, that all such as were in England and
escaped the fires and other indignities whereby the
reformers reformed them, have been expurgated by
the erasure of the name of St. Thomas of Canterbury
from his place in the Calendar, by the services for the
29th of December and the 7th of July (the days re
spectively of his martyrdom and translation) being
scored over or even cut out, and by his pictures being
defaced, in accordance with the result of the bur
lesque trial for high treason to which the martyr was
(or was said to have been) subjected some 350 years
after his death by Henry VIII. In some Calendars
also the title of Pope has been taken away from the
names of St. Gregory, St. Urban, St. Leo, and others
in obedience to the decree of the same monarch
whereby the " Vicar of Christ " was reduced to the
rank of plain " Bishop of Rome," and accredited with

INTRODUCTION. xlvii
all manner of "tyrannies" and "detestable enor
mities." '
Bibles also have generally a regular series of con
ventional subjects. In other works a fewer number
of pictures were inserted, mostly one or two, with
initials frequently containing exquisitely beautiful
pictures or intricate patterns. But some classes of
books, such as Universal Histories, Romances, Bes
tiaries, or Natural History manuals and chronicles,
are frequently adorned with numerous pictures in
suitable places, as at the commencements of sub
divisions into books or chapters.
The illustrations, which render the. early Manu
scripts so attractive, generally exemplify the rude
ideas and tastes of the times. In perspective very
faulty, they exhibit but a little idea of the picturesque
or sublime. Yet most of the pictures are constructed
with a due regard to the balancing of the principal
subjects of the tableau, and the art of grouping
figures to the best advantage was certainly well
known and constantly used. There is, too, a some
thing about the colouring which is always pleasing
and effective, and this prevents our being tired with
them. "Not only," says Merryweather, "do they
indicate the state of the pictorial art in the Middle
Ages, but also give us a comprehensive insight into
the Scriptural ideas entertained in those times ; and
the Bible-student may learn much from pondering
on these glittering pages. To the historical student,
and to the lover of antiquities, they offer a verdant
1 " From the tyranny of the Bishop of Rome and all his detestable enormities,
good Lord deliver us." — Litany in First Prayer-book of Edw. VI.

xlviii INTRODUCTION.
field of research ; and he may obtain in this way many
a glimpse of the manners and customs of those old
times which the pages of the monkish chronicler have
failed to record."
Many of these pictures, especially those which are
drawn from Biblical fountains, and are of a sacred
or religious character, although they have never been
published in any form, would afford most excellent
subjects for the art of the glass painter. We should
witness fewer incongruities in the decorated windows
of our cathedrals and churches, and our senses would
be far more often gratified than they are now, if those
who have the opportunity of designing, and those who
are called upon, to design, from time to time, subjects
for painted windows, would examine and endeavour to
imitate the illuminated pages of Manuscripts of the
Middle Ages so numerously represented in the col
lections of the British Museum, instead of slavishly
repeating over and over again wretched specimens of
incongruous styles, worked up according to a con
ventionalism which has apparently drawn its inspira
tion from rococo scraps and the bizarre devices of the
darkest ages of intelligence. As a good practical ex
ample of what may be done for modern art by a study
and love of mediaeval illustrated Manuscripts, it is
worthy of record here that the Rev. David Robertson,
vicar of Market Deeping, has filled a window in his
parish church of St. Guthlac with a selection of de
signs from the Harley Roll y 6, a Manuscript of the
twelfth century, containing, in eighteen circular panels,
pictures of the life of St. Guthlac, themselves almost
without a doubt designed for windows in the once

INTRODUCTION. xlix
magnificent abbey church of St. Guthlac at Croy-
land. Of all illuminations and drawings perhaps that
entitled the Byzantine style is the oldest, if we omit
from our remarks the veritable drawings and coloured
pictures with which the Egyptian Papyri containing
portions of the Ritual or "Book of the Dead" are
ornamented. These latter appear to have exercised
some, but slight influence upon later or foreign styles,
being as unique in conception as in execution and
application ; whereas, on the other hand, the Byzan
tine style strongly influenced every other early style
throughout the West. Of this there are two great
divisions. The principal branch was cultivated in its
natural home, the eastern Empire, and developed into
the Greek style, as used down to the twelfth or even
later centuries. The other branch is that of which
the results are seen in the Roman or classical style ;
although there was an original Roman school, the
work of which is seen in the frescoes of Pompeii, and
this influenced the development of the Romano-
Byzantine art. So few specimens, however, are
extant that little can be said of the details- of the
style. The only examples in the British Museum
are comprised in a few burnt and blackened frag
ments of a once fine copy of the Book of Genesis,
and some fragments of the Eusebian Canons, once
richly adorned with gold, entirely covering the page
of painted medallions, columns, and arches. Foreign
libraries, however, can show better examples, and we
can point to the Genesis at Vienna, the Iliad of
Homer at Milan, in the Bibliotheca Ambrosiana, and

INTRODUCTION.

the Virgil of the Vatican, which, alone remain as relics
of what mus.t have been at its period a most prolific
\ school, if we may judge of the extensive influence
•J^exerted upon the later productions of the West.
The Greek style is by no means so attractive as the
Byzantine from whence it springs. It is a matter of
some surprise that the Greeks, who had derived from
foreign nations, among others the Egyptians, the first
seeds of civilisation, and had distinguished them
selves above all other nations of antiquity by their
taste for poetry and many of the arts and sciences,
theoretical or practical, imaginative or inventive, did
not, like the Egyptians, adorn their Manuscripts with
illustrations until a very late and fading epoch in their
history. The position of their country, their religion,
their political constitution, and their love of liberty,
assisted in developing, in all its originality and
grandeur, the native genius of their country. Had
the same spirit which lives a vigorous and undying
life in the beautiful relics of the statuary's art, and in
the chaste and elegant designs which animate the
gems, coins, and other masterpieces of glyptic
excellence, chosen the channel for its representation
which the blank spaces of Greek rolls afforded, what
a marvellous number of splendid specimens we
should have had left to us. But it is not until the
liberty of Greece is gone that her Manuscript art
begins, and in what is extant the political trammels
of the nation make themselves evident in every part
of the picture. The freedom and grace is gone,
the figures are dark, stiff, conventional, and dis-.
proportionate, the grouping unnatural. Some few

INTRODUCTION. H
pictures are well-conceived, but, as a rule, the
illustrations of this style are confined to full-length or
seated portraits of the four Evangelists ; or, at most,
a series of scenes from the life of Christ. The back
grounds are generally of gold, upon a caked white
enamel-like substance of considerable thickness, the
colours opaque and dull. /
Closely allied to the foregoing are the productions
executed under the patronage of Charlemagne and
Charles the Bald, wherein we see the Byzantine in
fluence strained through the minds and fingers of
Western art-workers. Of this we may point for ex
emplification to the " Alcuine Bible," the " Codex
Aureus," and other Manuscripts in the British
Museum, and the Bible of Charles the Bald at Paris.
Although this was essentially a transitional style,
following closely the Byzantine and classical models,
there are not unmixed with it some of the elements
which are so characteristic of the Irish school of illu
mination. The drawing is, however, wanting in
elegance and natural form, the drapery deficient in
lightness and freedom, but the ornamentation dis
tinguished by a lavish use of gold, with classical
moulding lines and Irish patterns.
One of the most distinctly recognisable offshoots
of the Carlovingian school of painting was that which'
held its ground in Germany, chiefly near the French
border, till a comparatively late period. Instances
of this style are chiefly to be found in copies of the
four Gospels, where the Evangelists, as late as the
twelfth and thirteenth centuries, retain the pose,
expression, and costume appropriated to them in
d*

lii INTRODUCTION.
such books as the Codex Aureus ; and the canopy or
sculptured border shows the same style of marble
columns, floriated capitals, and arches with deep
fantastic mouldings. As a rule the work is coarse,
the colour crude and hard, and the general effect is
that of failure in the realisation of a higher ideal, and
in the reproduction of a superior original. After the
cessation of this form of work, there seems to come
more or less of a gap in -distinctively German work
(though there are some instances of rather tawdry
copies of the elaborately interlaced initials, etc.,
common in other countries in the thirteenth century)
until, in the later days of illumination, German artists
inserted in their books miniatures, which, but for the
same absence of refinement of colour and execution,
might easily be mistaken for the work of an inferior
Italian artist.
In Ireland the art of illuminating was practised
with great assiduity at a period as early as the com
mencement of the seventh century. In the eighth
century it holds forth great claims to our admiration
by the beauty of the workmanship and the chasteness
of the designs. There are indeed skilled persons
who, being well versed in the examination of these
ancient Irish Manuscripts, have been enabled by
minute and very exhaustive observation, to point out
different characteristics of different localities, and
even to declare the very school or religious house in
which a particular Manuscript was executed. Two
styles are distinguished by some writers : The native
style, introduced by the monks who colonised the
island of Iona to the north of England ; and the foreign

INTRODUCTION. liii
style, influenced by Continental imitation of the
beauties of the Irish school. The chief art is the re
markable perfection of the ornamental conceptions.
The initials are in fine drawn lines, beaded along
their outer and inner sides. The interlacing patterns
combine the intricacy of labyrinthine knot-work
with the serpentine necks and angulated legs of the
fantastic zoomorphic creations of the draughtsman's
imagination, the forerunners of the Grotesques
and Grylli of later English, French, and Flemish
work. But few of these books are now extant; the
first being the " Book of Kells," portions of which
have been made known to the world by the photo
graphs of the Palaeographical Society; the "Durham
Book," a production of the eighth century, now in the
British Museum, a detailed description of which is
about to be published by the Trustees of the
Museum; and a Manuscript called "St. Chad's
Gospels " in the library of Lichfield Cathedral.
In supcessipn to the Irish school of illumination and
drawing which, having displaced its parent and an
cestor, the Byzantine, at one time influenced all
English art (even down to the interlaced patterns of
monumental and wayside crossesyof the eleventh and
twelfth centuries), there succeeded in the tenth and
eleventh centuries a very elegant style of freehand
drawing, sometimes tinted or drawn with coloured
ink, closely recalling the classical prototypes from
which they undoubtedly drew their inspiration.
Several books illustrated in this manner are in the
British Museum, and have been mentioned in the
body of this work under the paragraph of Drawings :

llV INTRODUCTION.
pages 101, 102. This in its turn becomes influenced by
Norman styles, the wavy drapery, the wrinkled stock
ings, and the Oriental architectural forms giving way to
Gothic arches and pillars, rounder folds of drapery, and
an infinite variety of details of domestic civilisation.
In the thirteenth century it is that the most rapid
progress of illustration of Manuscripts is to be wit
nessed, which culminated in the fourteenth and fif
teenth, and, notwithstanding the impulse given to this
art in Italy, gradually fell into degeneracy and died
out in the sixteenth, under the brightly rising sun of
the Renaissance, which displaced for ever the true
growth of Gothic expressions of beauty, and, with
them, one of the most beautiful forms in which that
beauty is enunciated, the art of illumination. Hence
it is that to-day our best artists, whether painters or
draughtsmen, can no more produce anything that
will compare for a moment with an illumination of the
thirteenth or fourteenth century than our best archi
tects design a cathedral like that of Ely or Durham;
or even a parish church like that of Castor or St.
Mary Redcliffe.
The fifteenth century witnessed a great impulse to
the art of illumination by the demand for large and
ponderous volumes of works of history and fiction
adorned more or less profusely with elaborate
pictures in the finest style. The rich nobleman,
the church dignitary, and the royal prince, began to
form libraries of these volumes. Our own kings
Edward IV. and Henry VII., collected by purchase
or gift a very considerable number of these books
chiefly of Flemish workmanship, which, after they

INTRODUCTION. lv
had been the property of successive monarchs for
upwards of three hundred years, were presented to
the National Library of the British Museum by king
George II. There were special centres in which the
manufacture (if we may use such a term in connec
tion with such a subject) of these illuminated works
was carried on. At Lille, for example, many such
were produced ; some of the artists who executed the
pictorial and ornamental parts of the books are
known to us ; among whom may be mentioned Jehan
du Quesne, or du Chesne, whose name is found in
Royal Manuscripts 16 G viii, dated 1473 ; 17 F i ;
17 F vi ; 17 F vii, etc. Another similar school of
Flemish illumination was settled at Bruges in the
latter part of the fifteenth century, as may be seen;
for example, by reference to the Royal Manuscripts
15 E ii and 15 E iii, which indicate by their colophons
that they were executed at that town in the year 1482.
Many books of this class evidently derive the inspira
tion of their pictures from the same archetypal series of
illuminations which probably formed a kind of stock
in trade of the scriptorium from which the copies were
issued. Some again have the same general subject
repeated with variant accessories and altered action,
as, for example, may be seen in the work entitled, "La
Forteresse de la Foy," Manuscript. Reg. 17 F vi, vii,
where an ideal fortress guarded by the Four Great
Doctors of the Faith, is repeated for five times under
different aspects and with different details in the
landscapes and other component parts of the tableau.
In the later days of the art of miniature painting,
when originality and freedom gradually began to

lvi INTRODUCTION.
triumph over conventionality, three nations stand
almost equal in artistic excellence, though differing in
their way of showing it. In the French style of art
we find brightness and grace of colouring, with
wonderful delicacy of detail, especially in the faces
introduced, which often have a beauty of expression,
the more astonishing when one considers the very
limited space occupied. A particularly fine instance
of this may be seen in the picture of Noah's Ark, in
Harl, 4381. The miniatures are surrounded in many
cases by borders of graceful foliage, with leaves of
bright gold or colours. The Flemish school is
remarkable, especially at a late date, for great
excellence in the delineation of natural objects and of
buildings, etc. ; and this excellence seems to have
culminated in the beautiful landscapes and interiors
portrayed in the chronicles and other large works
executed, as has been mentioned above, in the latter
part of the fifteenth century, of which, as will be seen
in the pages of the Dictionary, we have several good
instances among the Royal Manuscripts. But the
faces and figures are certainly inferior in elegance to
those of the French school, though probably this is
more due to models of a Teutonic type than to defective
artistic power. But if precedence is to be given to any
one of the three nations, it is Italy, the natural home of
art, that must hold the first place. French colouring is
bright and harmonious enough, but it lacks the warmth
and richness blended with these qualities, which is
so characteristic of Italian work ; and the quaint
architecture and wooded landscapes of the Flemish
school are not a whit more true to nature or more

introduction. lvii
pleasing to the eye than the cool smooth walls and
bright sunny gardens of the Italian artists. In the
delineation of the human form, also, Italy is certainly
not inferior to the other nations ; and Italian artists
in their treatment of limbs and muscles often show a
knowledge of anatomy and modelling almost unknown
to Flemish or French illuminators.
The history of the acquisition of these relics would
prove, if taken by itself, and irrespective of their in
trinsic merits, of absorbing interest. The greater
part, of course, found their way to the shelves of
Manuscript collectors by the ordinary means of gift
or purchase. Not a few, however, as we are fre
quently told in the description given of them in the
catalogues, have been rescued e manibus imperitorum.
Of the beauty of these ancient pictures there can
be no doubt, and upon the cost of their production it
would be difficult to speculate. At first no doubt
they represent the labour of love, the handiwork of a
skilled artist who must have been, like all skilful
persons of his time, connected with the church or
monastery in which the illuminated work was used and
preserved. In later times private wealth, dispensed
by rich patrons who saw a means of gratifying the
increasing love of pictorial display by subsidising the
miniaturist and ornamental writer, no doubt fostered
the art and added a stimulus to the production of
highly finished and copiously embellished Service
books. Instances of the peculiar and remarkably apposite
manner in which the illuminated pages of these Manu
scripts illustrate our national relics of biography,

lviii INTRODUCTION.
history, and manners and customs, and are illustrated
by them, might be selected to any extent. One or
two may be given here. The well-known magnificent
brass of Adam of Walsokne and Margaret, his wife,
placed in 1349 in St. Margaret's Church, Lynn, Nor
folk, has a variety of grotesque and comic details
introduced around the principal figures. Beneath
the feet of the effigy of the merchant Adam there is
a subject representing a miller riding on his horse,
and carrying a sack of corn to his mill, which so ex
actly reproduces the spirit of the English artist who
illustrated the margins of our Royal Manuscript 10 E
iv with scenes from English domestic life and manners
that there can be little doubt that the date of the
brass and of the illustrations in the Manuscript are
identical. This beautiful brass has been carefully
engraved in J. S. Cotman's " Sepulchral Brasses in
Norfolk," London, folio, 1819, p. xxii.
Again, another brass engraved in the same work,
pages xxii, xxiii, that of Robert Braunche and his two
wives, probably by the hand of the same engraver,
and dated in a.d. 1364, has, among other remarkable
subjects, the scene of a feast, where two attendants
bring in peacocks on dishes, their approach being
heralded by musicians, while one of the guests is so
eager for the dainty dish of game that he strides with
one foot over the table to snatch it from the servant's
hand. This scene may be compared with the
numerous banqueting scenes to which we have given
reference in the following Dictionary, and especially
with those in Add. Manuscript 30,864 and Royal
Manuscript 20 C ii, f. 119, in each of which the dish

INTRODUCTION. lix
of peacock forms an item in the fare brought in to
the banquet.
The works on Palaeography which have been de
scribed and arranged in the Introduction to the
" History, Art, and Palaeography of the Utrecht
Psalter," pages 45-62, will be found to contain several
reproductions of illuminations and illustrations re
ferred to in the following pages. It is not necessary
to repeat an account of these bibliographical pro
ductions here. Among them the principal which
should be examined for this subject are the works of
M. Silvestre, Professor J. O. Westwood, and N.
Humphreys, all of which give coloured facsimiles ;
and the publications of the Palaeographical Society,
the first series of which, comprising 125 plates, has
just been issued. The works of M. Seroux d'Agin-
court, the Comte de Bastard, and Shaw, with others
which have been classified in the book to which
reference has been made, may also be studied with
advantage. It is, however, to the actual originals of
these facsimiles, to the pictured Manuscripts them
selves, as they now exist in the national collections,
that the authors of this volume desire to draw the
attention of the student. In his examination he will
pot fail to observe how immeasurably short of the
real art work in the Manuscript all reproduction falls.
Even the marvellously accurate results in point of out
line and chiaroscuro which have alone, of all modern
methods, been obtained by the autotype process, fall
short of rehabilitating these art pictures, just in the
way that all photographs, from their want of colour,
necessarily cannot reproduce coloured pictures to our

Ix INTRODUCTION.
view. In every other respect this process cannot be
surpassed. The faithful accuracy with which it
copies every line, the facility it gives for easily dis
tinguishing different depths of tone, even different
ages of later additions to the page, if any exist, the
permanency of the impression, and, above everything,
the entire freedom from being retouched by hand
after the photograph has been thrown on the prints
ing plate, all combine to render this process by
far the best hitherto proposed for the peculiar
requirements of Manuscript facsimile. And it is
for these reasons that this photographic process
has been adopted for the illustration of the present
volume. There are, in addition to works treating of the
Palaeography of Manuscripts, many notices of the
practice and history of Illumination, Among others,
reference may be made to " English Monasticism ;
its Rise and Influence," by O'Dell Travers Hill, where
a special chapter is devoted to " Missal Painting."
Merryweather, in his Bibliomania, gives some quaint
and curious information on this topic, and in the
"English Cyclopaedia of Arts and Sciences, Sup
plement" the articles treating of Books, Illumination,
and Palaeography should be read with care.
A few words as to the principles upon which this
list of subjects has been prepared.
The arrangement of references under each subject
or subdivision is practically in order of age> the older
Manuscripts being noted before the later one. Before
references to illustrations of very beautiful execution,
or to instances of remarkable treatment of a subject,

INTRODUCTION. lxi
a double dagger (J) has been placed in order to
direct attention to the example.
The " List of Illustrated Manuscripts " printed at
pages 1-26, contains the numbers, with short descrip
tions, of volumes which have been classified into
styles under centuries and examined in detail for the
" Dictionary of Principal Subjects." The " Reference
Table to Numerical Order of Manuscripts earlier than
the Fifteenth Century," printed at pages 27-30, will
be found of use for more quickly determining the re
spective ages and styles of the pictures. For example,
at page 32, under ''Adam, Creation of," we have first a
reference to " 19 D ii, f. 5 b." The Reference table at
p. 29, Col. 3, tells us that this Manuscript is of the
fourteenth century. On turning to the List of Manu
scripts of this century, page g supplies the informa
tion that the picture is of French style, and to be
found in a Bible Historiale. In a similar manner
it may be gathered from a consultation of the List
and Table that the somewhat unusual picture of
" Abraham seeing the vision of the lamp" is found
in the Paraphrase of the Bible by ^Elfric, an English
Manuscript of the eleventh century.
From the large number of Manuscripts which
are necessarily taken into account (about nine
hundred) it would have been manifestly impossible
to record every single detail of illustration. It was
found, however, that many details and attributes
could be comprehended without difficulty under one
reference. For example: a reference to a picture
of the Creation necessarily implies that there will
be found in such a picture representations of the

lxii , INTRODUCTION.
Almighty Creator, the heavens, the earth, Adam and
Eve, and more or less of a variety of typical examples
of the creatures naturally associated in all intelligent:
minds at all times with such a circumstance. Again :
a Tournament will show the jousting place, the
barriers, the spectators, the booth or balcony, the
attendants, the horses, and the well-armed knights.
In like manner references to the life of Our Saviour are
naturally references to pictures upon which the illumi
nator would concentrate his artistic powers and display
all his art. Hence, for example, the illustrations of the
Nativity not only show us the "Child" that "is born,"
but we' have the Blessed Virgin, Saint Joseph, the ac
cessories of the manger, the domesticated animals, and
the implements of husbandry. It would have swelled
the present volume far beyond manageable propor
tions, besides adding greatly to its cost, without in
creasing its usefulness, had we made special references
to these secondary subjects. It is therefore left to the
intelligence of the student to picture to himself the
objects of minor interest which every art in every
age has thrown, by way of conventional feeling, more
or less into apposition with special subjects.
As an instance of the comprehensive nature of the
references, we may draw attention to the picture of
the Day of Judgment in the Royal Manuscript 19
C i, f. 124 b, which, although comprised under one
heading in the following Dictionary, really is an illus
trated page full of most interesting details, in which
the Lord Jesus Christ in Glory, the angelic hosts, the
corporeal resurrection of the human race, and the
weird and fantastic demons are fully illustrated.

introduction lxiii
A.short descriptive paragraph has been occasionally
prefixed to subjects which appeared to require especial
explanation, or in cases where the attention of the
student could be drawn with advantage to important
points in the art depicted or in the method of arrange
ment of the references.
In conclusion, the authors desire to put on record
the fact that, although they have spared themselves
no trouble in the compilation of the following Dic
tionary, they expressly wish it to be in nowise taken
as an exhaustive work upon the subject. They also
wish it to be understood, that they alone are respon
sible for the contents of the book, which is not
published under the direction of the Trustees of the
British Museum. Typical examples have been
selected and retained, many unimportant references
have been omitted, for the sake of saving space. An
elaborately complete work on this interesting subject
would require the energies of many more than two
pioneers, the result of whose labours are herewith
placed before the public for indulgent criticism, for
use, and for information.
Let him whose study is advanced or pleasure pro
moted by the perusal of these literary labours say
with the old poet :
" ubi plura nitent in carmine non ego paucis
" Offendar maculis, quas aut incuria fudit,
" Aut humana parum cavit natura."

ABBREVIATIONS.

Add.

Additional Manuscript

Harl.

Harley Manuscript

Ar.

Arundel Manuscript

J. c.

Jesus Christ

Aug.

Augustus

Jul.

Julius

B. V. M

. Blessed Virgin Mary

Lan's.

Lansdowne Manu

Burn.

Burney Manuscript

script

b

after references, to indi

MS.

Manuscript

cate the verso or se

Ner.

Nero

cond side of the page

O.-T.

Old Testament

indicated
Oth.
Otho
Cal.
Caligula
Tib.
Tiberius
Claud.
Claudius
Tit.
Titus
Cleop.
Cleopatra
Vesp.
Vespasian
Cott.
Cottonian Manuscript
Vit.
Vitellius
Disc.
Disciples
+
This mark prefixed to
f.
folio
references is to draw
Faust.
Faustina
especial attention to
Gal.
Galba
the beauty or design
Gris.
Grisaille
or the picture.
WA ^^^^^^jM^^^1^-

LIST OF

ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

Otho. B vi.
Ar. 547.
Harl. 5785.
Add. 19,352.
Harl. 7551.
Add. 4949.
Add. 22,740.
Add. 11,870.
Eg. 1 139.
Harl. 1 810.
Add. 11,838.
Burn. 19.
Add. 5111.
Add. 5 1 12.
Harl. 5647.
Add. 26,103.

GREEK. CENTURY.
Genesis. VI.
Gospels. IX.
Gospels. late X.
Psalter. 1066.
Gospels. XL
Gospels. XI.
Gospels. XL
Simeon Metaphrastes. late XII.
Psalter (in Latin), written for
Queen Melissenda of Jeru
salem. 1131-1144
Gospels. XII.
Gospels. XII.
Gospels. XII.
Gospels. XII.
Gospels. XII.
Gospels. XII.
Gospels. late XII.
3

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

Add. 22,739.

Gospels.

XIII.

Bum. 20.

Gospels.

1285.

Add. 22,506.

Gospels.

XIV.

Harl. 5790.

Gospels (Italian work).

1478.

Harl. 5731.

Gospels (Russian work).

XV.

VARIOUS LANGUAGES.

8th Century.

 w

English.

Vesp. A i.

Psalter.

Nero. D iv.

Gospels.

9TH Century.

Irish.

Vit. F xi.

Psalter.

French.

Harl. 2788.
Gospels.
Add. 11,848.
Gospels.
Add. 10,546.
Bible.
Uncertain Origin.
Harl. 2637.
Cassiodorus.
Harl. 1772.
Epistles of St. Paul.
Eg. 874.
St. Augustine on the Apocalypse.
ioth Century.
English.
Galba. A xviii.
Psalter. J
Vesp. A viii.
Charter.
15 A xvi.
Juvencus.
Flemish.
Add. 18,043.
Psalter. <
German.
Tib. A ii.
Gospels.
Spanish.
Add. 30,844.
Mozarabic Service Book.
Uncertain Origin.
Claud. B v.
Acts of Council of Constantinople
Harl. 647.
Aratus. 2*
LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

iith Century.

English.

Arund. 60.

Psalter.*

Harl. 603.

Psalter. '

Harl. 2904.

Psalter. •

Ar. 155.

Psalter. <

Harl. 76.

Gospels.

Claud. B iv.

^Elfric's Paraphrase of the Bible.

Jul. A vi.

Hymnal.

Calig. A xiv.

Hymnal.

Tit. D xxvi.

Saxon Prayers.

Tit. D xxvii.

Psalter. >

Tib. C vi.

Life of Christ.

Add. 24,199.

Prudentius.

Cleop. C viii.

Prudentius.

Tit. D xvi.

Prudentius.

Harl. 2506.

Aratus.

Tib. B v.

Aratus, and Calendar.

13 A i.

Alexander the Great.

Vit. C iii.

Herbarium.

Tib. A iii.

Miscellanea.

Cal. A xv.

Astronomy, etc.

Claud. A iii.

St. Dunstan's Portrait.

French.

Add. 11,662.

Chronicle of St. Martin des Cham

German.

Eg. 608.
Gospels.
Harl. 2820.
Gospels.
Harl. 2821.
Gospels.
Harl. 2908.
Missal.
12TH Century.
English.
Lansdown 383.
Psalter. '
Nero. C iv.
Psalter. '
10 A xiii.
Dunstan.
Harl. Roll. Y 6.
Life of St. Guthlac.
7 D ii.
Philosophia Salomonis.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

13 E vi.
5 F x.
Harl. 1585.
Harl. 5294.
Tib. C i.
Calig. A viii.
Irish. Harl. 1802.
Flemish. Add. 17,738-
Add. 17,739.
French. Slo. 1975.
German. Harl. 2803.
Harl. 2804.
Add. 11,850.
Harl. 2970.
Eg. 809.
Harl. 301 1.
Ar. 44.
Eg. 1983.
Harl. 3045.
Lans. 381.
Harl. 2799.
Spanish. Add. 11,695.
Uncertain Origin.
Roy. App. viii.
Lombardic. Add. 30,337.
13TH Century.
English. Burn. 3.
1 B xii.
1 D i.
3 A ii.

Ralph de Diceto.
Caesar.Medical Treatise and Herbarium.
Herbarium.
Astronomical Treatise (dat. 1107).
Genealogy. Gospels. Bible (n 70).
Gospels. Hippocrates. Bible.
Bible. Gospels. Gospels for Sundays, etc.
Lectionary.
St. Gregory.
Speculum Virginum.
Rabanus Maurus.
Rabanus Maurus.
Calendar. Drawings of Monsters.
Commentary on the Apocalypse.

Exultet Roll.

Bible(St.Augustine's,Canterbury,i245) Bible (Salisbury, 1254).
Bible.
Leviticus.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

i D x.

Psalter. '

2 A xxii.

Psalter. *

Ar. 157.

Psalter. >

~~^Add. 21,926.

Psalter. .

Lans. 420.

Psalter. 1

^2 B vi.

Psalter. .

Add. 24,686.

Psalter.1

Harl. 928.

Hours. ..

9 A vii.

Cursus Evangelii.

Cleop. C xi.

St. Anselm.

8 F viii.

Honorius of Autun.

5 E xi.

Aldhelm de Laude Virginitatis.

Nero. D i.

Life of Offa.

13 B viii.

Giraldus Cambrensis.

Jul. D vii.

John Wallingford.

Faust. B vii.

Universal History.

13 A iii.

Geoffrey of Monmouth.

Ar. 150.

Roger de Hoveden.

Vit. D i.

Liber de Animalibus.

Harl. 4751.

Bestiary.

Add. 11,283.

Bestiary.

12 F xiii.

Bestiary.

Harl. 3244.

Bestiary.

10 A vii.

William of Lincoln.

8 B xiv.

Prosper of Aquitaine and others.

Nero. D v.

Chronicles.

Claud. D vi.

Chronicles.

14 C vii.

Matthew Paris.

2 A xxii.

St. Augustine.

Harl. 979.

Theology.

Harl. Chart. 83 A 37.

Charter.

Flemish.

Add. 16,949.

Missal.

2 A iii.

Psalter. >

Add. 17,868.

Psalter. •

Add. 21,114.

Psalter. ¦

Add. 19,899.

Psalter. <

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

Harl. 2930.
Add. 24,683.
2 B iii.
Tit. D xv.
Add. 24,678.
Harl. 2844.
Harl. 3006.
12 C xix.
Ar. 339-
French. Add. 17,742.
Add. 26,655.
Add. 28,784.
Add. 30,045.
Harl. 4972.
Add. 18,719.
20 D vi.
Add. 15,219.
10 D viii. •
Ar. 484.
Add. 1977.
16 E viii.
Slo. 278.
Harl. 1629.
Lans. 782.
20 B xix.
Norman. Harl. 5102.
German. Add. 18,144.
Add. 14,813.
Add. 17,005.
Ar. 246.
Add. 19,767.
Calig. A vii.
Harl. 4986.

Psalter. '
Psalter. '
Psalter.^Calendar.Calendar.
Calendar. Treatise on the Canticles.
Bestiary. Arithmetic.Missal [12 18].
Missal [1250].
Psalter (cuttings from). *
Psalter.
Apocalypse. Bible History.
Lives of Saints.
Theological Treatises.
Gratian's Decretals.
Justinian.Surgery.Bestiary.Aviary.Life of Merlin.
Romance of Girard d' Eufrate.
Monglaune et ses 4 Fiz.
Psalter. «

Psalter. '
Gospels.
Pontifical.St. Isidore.
Alanus de Insula.
Harmony of the Gospels.
Botany.

8

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

14TH Century.
English. Eg. 1066.
2 B vii.
Ar. 83.
Ar. 104.
Harl. 2356.
19 B xv.
15 D ii.
Add. 18,633.
Harl. 4664.
Harl. 6563.
Add. 28,681.
1 Eiv.
6 E vi., vii.
10 E iv.
Claud. D ii.
20 A ii.
Jul. A v.
Harl. 324.
Vit. A xiii.
Nero. D ii.
Tit. D iii.
Nero. A iv.
Slo. 3544.
Harl. 273.
Harl. 957.
Flemish. Harl. 1526.
Harl. 1527.
Harl. 3978.
Harl. 2878.
Add. 29,407.
Cleop. B xiv.
Add. 29,253.
Add. 19,992.
Slo. 346.
Add. 29,434.

Psalter.Psalter.Psalter.Psalter (cuttings).
Psalter.Apocalypse.
Apocalypse. Apocalypse.Breviary.Hours. v
Life of Christ.
Pentateuch (late 14th c.)
Theological Collections.
Decretals.
Laws of England.
Langtoft. Langtoft.Bracton.
Drawings of English Kings.
Chronicon Roffense.
Historical drawings.
Merlin.Bestiary.
Bestiary. Miscellaneous.
Bible. Bible.
Psalter.Psalter.
Psalter. Psalter.
Breviary. Life of Joseph.
Bible Historiale.
Life of Our Lady. ,

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS. g
Harl. 2449. Prayersl
Add. 24,681. Hours."
Add. 17,444. Hours. '
Harl. 4996. Speculum Humanse Salvationis.
King 5. Speculum Humanse Salvationis.
Slo. 3983. Albumazar.
French. Add. 11,843. Bible.
Lans. 1 1 75. Bible.
Cott. App. 5. Bible Historiale.
19 D ii. . Bible Historiale.
Add. 15,247. Bible Historiale.
19 D iv. Bible Historiale.
19 D v. Bible Historiale.
17 E vii. Bible Historiale.
Harl. 4381. Bible Historiale.
Harl. 4382. Bible Historiale.
Add. 15,294. Psalter.
18 D viii. New Testament.
Add. 22,493. Apocalypse.
Add. 17,333. Apocalypse.
Add. 17,006. Missal.
Add. 17,341. Gospels for Sunday and Festivals.
Add. 16,905. Missal.
Harl. 2891. Missal.
Tib. B viii. Pontifical.
Add. 23,145. Hours. ,
Harl. 2979. Hours. *
Add. 30,072. Antiphonar.
Add. 28,162. Somme le Roy.
Cleop. A v. Somme le Roy.
19 C iv. Songe du Vergier.
Add. 25,594. GuiUeviUe's Pelerinage de l'ame.
Add. 15,244. St. Augustine's De Civitate Dei.
19 C ii. Theological Treatises.
19 B xvii. La Legende doree.
Eg. 745. Life of St. Denis, etc.

10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.
19 A xx. Livre de l'lnformation des Princes.
Add. 23,144. Decretals.
10 E iv. Decretals.
Add. 19,669. Tresor des Ystoires.
Eg. 1500. Speculum Historian (South French).
Add. 14,819. Narrationes Historiarum.
16 G vi. Chronicle of St. Denis.
20 C vii. Chronicle of St. Denis.
16 G vii. Fleurs des Histoires.
Add. 6416. French History.
Vit. E ii. Historia Regum Francise.
Add. 15,268. History (South French).
Add. 12,029. Universal History.
20 B vi. Letter to Richard II.
Slo. 2430. Vegetius.
20 B ii. Vegetius.
20 B i. Vegetius.
Burn. 275. Priscian.
20 A v. Alexander.
Harl. 4979. Alexander.
19 D i. Alexander.
20 C vi. Lancelot.
20 D iv. Lancelot.
Add. 10,292. Romances of the Round Table.
Add. 10,293. Romances of the Round Table.
Add. 10,294. Romances of the Round Table.
20 D ii. Tristram et Isoult.
Add. 5475. Tristan.
Harl. 4389. Tristan (South French).
14 E ii. Sangraal. ?
Harl. 4903. Marques de Rome.
19 B xui- Roman de la Rose.
20 A xvii. Roman de la Rose.
T9 C i. Breviaire d'Amour (South French).
Harl. 4940. Breviaire d'Amour.
Norman. Eg. 1894. Genesis.
Add. 16,975. Psalter.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

II

Burgundian. Harl. 2897.
Italian. Add. 21,973.
Add. 18,720.
Add. 15,277.
Add. 15,265.
Add. 30,084.
Harl. 2928.
Add. 27,868.
Add. 27,428.
Harl. 3571.
Add. 18,196.
Add. 21,412.
Add. 29,902.
Add. 24,642.
Add. 15,274.
Ar. 481.
Add. 23,144.
Add. 23,923.
Harl. 3746.
Harl. 3751.
Ar. 439.
Add. 12,023.
Add. 27,695.
Add. 28,841.
Add. 17,046.
Add. 21,965.
6 E ix.
Add. 27,376.
Eg. 943-
Add. 19,587.
Harl. 3448.
Eg. 2020.
Add. 15,477-
Add. 12,228.
Add. 23,929.

Service Book.

Missal.
Bible. Bible Pictures.
Hours. <
Antiphonar. Calendar.
Rule of St. Francis.
Legends of Saints.
History of the Holy Family.
Scrap Book.
Scrap Book.
Scrap Book.
Gratian.
. Gratian. Decretals. Decretals.
Decretals.Decretals.Decretals.
Justinian.
Justinian. Cybo of Hyeres.
Cybo of Hyeres.
Matricola. Matricola of the Perugian Tailors.
Poems.
Account of Palestine.
Dante. Dante.
Flore di Virtu.
Serapion. Guido de Colonna's Troy. •
Meliadus.
Tristram.

12

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

German. Add. 22,279, 22,280.
Add. 15,243.
Add. 22,281.
Add. 17,687.
Add. 15,690.
Add. 16,578.
Harl. 3240.
Add. 17,864.
Early 15TH Century.
English. 1 E ix.
Harl. 7026.
Add. 16,998.
Add. 29,704, 29,705.
2 A viii.
2 A xviii.
Add. 16,968.
Slo. 2683.
Add. 22,720.
Ar. 38.
17 D 6.
Harl. 4866.
10 B 14.
Harl. 13 1 9.
Add. 29,301.
Nero. A 10.
Harl. 1744.
Harl. 1892.
Harl. 2332.
Flemish. Slo. 2427.
Add. 15,410.
Add. 16,951.
Add. 24,189.
14 D ivi, v.
Add. 20,698.

Psalters.Apocalypse. Breviary.Life of Christ.
Prayers.
Speculum Humana? Salvationis.
Speculum Humanse Salvationis.
Scrap book.

Bible.
Lectionary. Missal.
Cuttings from a Missal.
Hours. »
Hours. '
Hours. »
Hours. '
Prayers. -
.Occleve. •
Occleve. -
Occleve. •
J. Dumbleton's Summa.
Life of Richard II.
Medical Treatises.
Poems. «
Sermons.
Prayers.
Almanack (141 2).
Psalter.Historia Scholastica.
Historia Scholastica.
Sir John Mandeville.
Froissart.
Christine de Pisa.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

13

French. Add. 18,856.
Add. 18,857.
19 D vi., vii.
19 D iii.
15 D iii.
Dom. xvii.
Add. 18,850.
Harl. 2867.
Harl. 2952.
Eg. 10,70.
Add. 16,997.
Vesp. A xix'.
Add. 29,433.
Add. 16,907.
20 D v.
Add. 25,722.
Otho. D ii.
13 B viii.
20 B iv.
Burn. 257.
Add. 21,602.
19 A iv.
Eg. 912.
17 E iii.
Add. 15,269.
Slo. 2433.
Nero. E ii.
Add. 25,884.
Otho. C iv.
Harl. 441 1.
* Add. 21,143.
19 E vi.
20 C i.
20 B 20.
20 D xi.
19 B xvi.
19 C vii.

Bible Historiale.
Bible Historiale.
Bible Historiale.
Bible Historiale.
Bible Historiale.
Psalter (Henry VI.).
Hours (Bedford " Missal").-
Hours.
Hours. '
Hours (Rend of Provence). '
Hours, j
Hours. ,
Hours, j
La Legende dorde.
St. Gregory.
Johannes de Janua.
Travels in Palestine.
Giraldus Cambrensis.
St. Bonaventure.
Statius. Boethius. Boethius. Orosius.
Propriete- des Choses.
Chronicle of St. Denis.
Chronicle of St. Denis.
Chronicle of St. Denis.
Universal History.
Universal History.
Universal History.
Chronicle of France.
Chronicle of GuiUaume de Burgues.
Les faits des Romains.
Alexander. Histoire de Guerin.
Miroir des Dames.
La Tour Landry.

14

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

Add. 21,247.
20 C iv.
20 C v.
Harl. 4431.
20 C viii.
Add. 27,699.
Harl. 4385.
Claud. B vi.
Burgundian. Harl. 2921.
Italian. Add. 30,038.
Add. 17,943-
Add. 17,466.
Add. 30,014.
Harl. 5347.
Add. 15,691.
Harl. 1340.
Add. 19,581.
Add. 21,615.
Add. 15,685.
Bura 198.
Harl. 2453.
Vesp. A 13.
German. Eg. 1122.
Add. 19,896.
Harl. 2841.
Harl. 2854.
Harl. 2855.
Eg. 859.
Add. 25,089.
Ar. 120.
Slo. 361.
Add. 15,249.
Ar. 117.
Add. 25,435.
Add. 15,456.

Les Quatre Dames.
Boccaccio. Boccaccio.
Chr. de Pisan.
L' Arbre des Batailles.
La Chasse (Phcebus).
Gouvernment des Rois.
Cutting from illuminated book.
Hours. <•
Missal. Hours. ;
Hours. *
Hymnal.
Life of Our Lady. *
Joachim's Vaticinia de Pontificibus.
Joachim's Vaticinia de Pontificibus.
Johannis Runsic Confessionale.
Theophorus de Cusentia.
Jacobus de Cessolis.
Livy.
Seneca.Liber insularum.
Gospels.
Apocalypse. Hours. •
Hours. '
Hours. •
Prayers. 4
Legends of Christ.
Speculum Humanse Salvationis.
Speculum Humanse Salvationis.
Biblia Pauperum.
S. Bernard.
Loosbuch.Obituarium.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

15

Spanish. Add. 28,962.
Dutch. Harl. 2954.
Add. 17,467.
Middle of the 15TH
English. Harl. 1251.
Harl. 1262.
Ar. 203.
Ar. 341.
Ar. 302.
2 B xv.
Add. 27,948.
Slo. 2565.
Slo. 2633.
Slo. 2474.
Harl. 2887.
Harl. 2982.
Add. 10,302.
Slo. 2465.
17 A xvi.
Tib. B iii.
Harl. 629.
Harl. 2278.
Slo. 2452.
Julius E iv.
Tib. A vii.
Harl. 1671.
Harl. 2838.
1 B x.
Claud. B i.
Nero. D vii.
17 B xliii.
17 C xxxviii
Jul. E iv.
Jul. E v.

Hours, etc. (Alfonso V.)

Hours. .
Hours. ,

Century.

Hours. 1
Hours.Hours. Hours.Hours. Hours. Hours. Hours.Hours.Hours. Hours.
Hours. j
Norton's Ordinal.
Calendar. Calendars. Prayers. Life of Our Lady. '
Lydgate's Life of St. Edmund.
Lydgate. > j
Lydgate. i 1
Chronicle. Moral Poems. \
Speculum Humana? Salvationis.
Tables of Virtues, etc.
Revelations of St. Bridget.
Benefactors of St. Alban's.
Mandeville's Travels.
Mandeville's Travels.
Life of the Earl of Warwick.
Alanus Charetier.

1 6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.
Harl. 1808. Historical Collections.
Ar. 66. Astrology.
12 C v. Astrology.
17 A xlvii. Magic.
Vesp. B xii. The Master of Game.
Faust. B vii. Genealogy.
Jul. F vii. Ovid's Metamorphoses.
18 D ii. Lydgate. *
Tib. A iv. Gower.
15 E vi. Romances (Shrewsbury Book).
Harl. 1735. Charms, etc.
Harl. 318. Histories.
Flemish. 1 C vi. Bible.
Add. 15,254-15,258. Bible.
Slo. 2471. Hours?
Harl. 3000. Hours.
Slo. 2321. Hours.
Harl. 2846. Hours.
Harl. 2985. Hours.
Slo. 2726. Hours.
Slo. 2571. Hours.
Eg. 2045. Hours.
Slo. 2692. Hours.
Add. 19,416. Hours.
Harl. 2884. Hours.
Add. 19,738. Hours.
Add. 12,231. Hours.
Harl. 2876. Hours.
Add. 19,962. Hours.
Add. 11,867. Hours.
Ar. 318. Hours.
Harl. 121 1. Hours.
Harl. 2853. Hours.
Harl. 2858. Hours.
Harl. 2962. Hours.
Harl. 5781. Hours.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

17

French. Add. 15,248.
' Add. 15,259.
Add. 1 7,399-
Harl. 2940.
Add. 18,192.
Harl. 2934.
Harl. 2971.
Harl. 2998.
Eg. 2019.
Add. 21,909.
Add. 25,695.
Slo. 2468.
Harl. 2917.
Harl. 2980.
Add. 18,751.
Harl. 2989.
Slo. 2803.
Add. 28,784.
Harl. 2865.
Harl. 2919.
Harl. 2959.
Harl. 2972.
Harl. 2974.
Harl. 5370.
Harl. 5762.
Add. 29,706.
Burney. 332.
Add. 4836-
Harl. 2915.
Harl. 2900.
Harl. 5319.
Add. 25,885-25,887.
Jul. A ix.
Slo. 3049.
Harl. 13 10.
Ar. 71.
Harl. 4409.

Bible Moralised.
Bible.
Apocalypse. Hours. ""
Hours. Hours. Hours.Hours. Hours.
Hours. Hours. Hours.
Hours. Hours. Hours.Hours.Hours. Hours.
Hours. Hours. Hours.Hours.Hours.Hours.
Hours. Hours.Hours.Hours.Hours.Hours._,Prayers. Life of Christ.
Theology.Livre des Anges.
Treatises of Virtues and Vices.
Livre de feiicite" de vie.
Life of St. Denis.

i8

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

Harl. 334.
Lansd. 1179.
17 F i.
Add. 15,300.
19 C ix.
Harl. 4376.
Lansd. n 78.
Harl. 4917.
Harl. 4329.
Harl. 4372, 4373.
Harl. 4374, 4375.
17 F iv.
20 B xv.
Add. 10,341.
20 A xix.
20 B ix.
Aug. A vi.
Add. 28,549.
18 D vii.
16 G v.
16 G ii.
Eg. 2022.
Nero. D ix.
Harl. 3999.
Harl. 4939.
Cleop. D. ii.
Burgundian. Harl. 2966.
Harl. 2967.
Add. 22,937.
Lorraine. Harl. 2999.
Swiss. Harl. 2947.
Italian. Add. 15,528.
Add. 27,697.

Livre de Clergie.
Speculum Historise.
Quintus Curtius.
Alain de Chartres.
Brute.Chronicle of J. de Courcy.
Livy.
Cicero.Seneca.
Valerius Maximus.
Valerius Maximus.
Valerius Maximus.
Vegetius.Boethius. Boethius. Regimen de Santd.
Propridte des Choses.
Droit d' Armes.
Boccaccio.Boccaccio. Quatre Fils Aymon.
Roman de la Rose.
Petit Jean.
Tresor de J. de Meun.
Speculum Historise.
Chronicle.
Hours. J
Missal.Pelerinage de la Vie. 1
Hours.Hours. <
Hours. ,
Hours.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

19

Harl. 2715.
15 A xxviii.
Harl. 3216.
Add. 22,497.
Add. 23,770.
Add. 22,329.
Harl. 3567.
HarL 5600.
Add. 15,816.
German. Ar. 108.
Harl. 2975.
Add. 14,805.
Dutch. Harl. 2943.
Add. 15,267.
Late 15TH Century.
English. Harl. 1892.
Add. 15,216.
19 A xxii.
Harl. 7353.
19 C vi.
Harl. 2407.
18 C xviii.
Harl. 512.
Harl. 326.
Flemish.
18 D ix.
18 D x.
15 D i.
19 A ii.
Harl. 5764.
Add. 24,075.
2 A xix.
Add. 22,494.
Eg. H49-

Macrobius. ^Esop. Philosophy.
Saints in Stat. Tinctor.
Astrology.La Sfera.
Petrarch.
Homer. Ducale. Missal.
Breviary. Pontifical.
Hours. *
Hours. •

Psalter.Hours. Codicille de Jean de Meun.
Roll of History.
Xenophon.
Alchemy. Master of Game.
Bartholomew de Glanvile.
Romances. Bible Historiale.
Bible Historiale.
Bible Historiale.
Apocalypse. Psalter.
Missal. Mass of Conception of Our Lady.
Gradual (cuttings).
Hours. 8*

20 LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.
Eg. 2125. Hours.
Add. 17,026. Hours.
Add. 22,590. Hours.
Ar. 316. Hours.
Harl. 12 1 1. Hours.
Harl. 2923. Hours.
Ar. 19,917. Hours.
Add. 17,012. Hours.
Eg. 1 147. Hours.
Add. 15,677. Hours.
Add. 17,353. Hours.
Slo. 3916. Hours.
20 B ii. Lives of Saints.
16 G iii. Vita Christi.
16 G iv. Chronicles.
17 F iii. St. Augustine's Cite de Dieu.
15 D v. St. Gregory.
Add. 30,051. St. Jerome.
17 F vi. Forteresse de la Foi.
17 F vii. Forteresse de la Foi.
Add. 18,855. Calendar.
20 D viii. Monstrelet's Chronicles.
20 A xii. Seneca.
Eg. 1065. Csesar.
17 F ii. Csesar.
16 G viii. Csesar.
17 E iv. Ovid.
16 G ix. Xenophon.
18 E iii. Valerius Maximus.
18 E iv. Valerius Maximus.
17 E i. Quintus Curtius.
14 D ii. Froissart.
Aug. A v. Trdsor des Histoires.
18 E vi. Fleur des Histoires.
16 G i. Chroniques de Pise.
Nero E iii. Chroniques de Flandres.
16 F iii. Chroniques de Flandres.
r4 E i. Miroir Historial.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS. 21
17 F ii. Histoire Universale.
14 E iv. Chroniques d' Angleterre.
15 E iv. Chroniques d' Angleterre.
20 E i.-vi. Chroniques de St. Denis.
15 E i. Conquete de Jerusalem.
17 F v. Histoire de Godfroi de Bouillon.
19 C viii. L'Imagination de vraye Noblesse.
14 E ii. Le Chemin de Vaillance.
14 E vi. Pierre de Crescenses.
15 E ii. Propridtd des Choses.
15 E iii. Propriete" des Choses.
16 F viii. Le Regimen de Sante.
19 E v. Les Fais des Romains.
20 C iii. Alexander.
Burn. 169. Alexander.
Add. 11,696. Boccaccio.
19 E i. Boccaccio.
14 E v. Boccaccio.
Harl. 4425. Roman de la Rose.
15 E v. Pierceforest.
19 E ii. Pierceforest.
19 E iii. Pierceforest.
16 F v. Sydrac.
19 A vi. Toison d'Or.
16 F i. Juvencal.
16 F*iv. Le Strif de Fortune.
16 F ii. Poems of Charles, Duke of Orleans.
French. Add. 19,897. Missal.
Eg. 1067. Pontifical.
Add. 17,008. Benedictional.
Harl. 5049. Hours.
Add. 11,865. Hours.
Eg. 1068. Hours.
Slo. 2732 B. Hours.
Harl. 2863. Hours.
Harl. 2877. Hours.

22 LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.
Harl. 2916. Hours.
Harl. 2918. Hours.
Harl. 2922. Hours.
Harl. 2929. Hours.
Harl. .2933. Hours.
Harl. 2935, 2936. Hours.
Harl. 2948. Hours.
Harl. 2950. Hours.
Harl. 2969. Hours.
Harl. 5328. Hours.
King 8. Hours.
Slo. 961 or 2467. Hours.
Add. 20,694. Hours.
Add. 14,803. Hours.
Add. 25,697. Breviary.
19 B vi. Le Mystere de la Passion de Jesus.
Cal. A v. Feiicite" Humaine.
14 D i. St. Augustme's Cite de Dieu.
Harl. 2681. Cicero.
17 E v. Xenophon.
15 D vi. Livy.
Harl. 4335-4339- Boethius.
Harl. 4379, 4380. Froissart.
14 D vi. Froissart.
18 E i. Froissart.
18 E ii. Froissart.
Add. 6797. Fleur des Histoires.
18 E v. Histoire Universale.
Add. 26,667. Chronique Universale.
20 C ix. Chronique de Charles VII.
Lans. 191. Chronique de France.
Galba E iii. Chronicle of England.
Harl. 200. Chronicle of England.
7 B viii. Liber Interna Consolationis.
Add. 19,720. Le Rustican.
19 B x. Regimen de Sante".
Harl. 6199. Order of the Golden Fleece.
Harl. 4485. ' Order of St. Michael.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

23

Add. 18,750.
Harl. 621.
20 C ii.
Italian. Add. 15,114.
Burn. 14.
Add. 15,814.
Add. 29,735.
Add. 19,417.
Add. 22,557.
Add. 17,864.
Add. 22,325.
Harl. 3718.
Lans. 836.
Add. 22,318.
Add. 12,004.
Kings 24.
Harl. 2702.
Add. 24,945.
Add. 14,787.
Add. 21,463.
Add. 18,197.
Add. 20,016.
Burgundian. Add. 7970.
15 D iv.
Spanish. Add. 18,851.
Add. 18,193.
Harl. 3183.
German. Eg. 1 146.
Add. 15,702.
Add. 27,913.
Harl. 2041.
Add. 15,682.
Add. 15,686.
Add. 15,710.

Boccaccio. Boccaccio. Cleriadus et Meliadus.
Psalter. Psalter.
Missal.Breviary. Hours.
Hours. Cuttings from Service Books.
Decretals. Theological and Moral Treatises.
Horace.
Plutarch. Martial. Virgil.
Varro. De Re Militari.
Gratulatio Bembi, 1462.
V. Capelli Oratio Panegyrica, i486.
Scrap Book.
Relazione.

Quintus Curtius.
Queen Isabel's Breviary.
Hours.
Prayers. Hours.
Hours. Hours.Missal.Legend of St. Mary Magdalene.
Rule of St. Clare.
Life of St. Francis.

24

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

Dutch. Add. 20,859.
Harl. 1662.
Add. 20,729.
Add. 15,525.
Add. 29,887.
1 6th Century.
English. 2 A xii.
Harl. 6561.
2 B. xii.
2 B xiii.
Add. 21,974.
17 C xvi.
17 C xv.
12 C iii.
Harl. 41.
Vesp. A xvii.
Add. 28,330.
Nero. D viii.
17 C xxxv.
17 A lv.
Julius F iv.
Flemish. Kings 9.
Harl. 2968.
Add. 17,280.
Add. 18,852.
Add. 24,098.
Add. 8824.
Add. 12,531.
Add. 25,693.
French. Add. 18,854.
Add. 18,855.
Slo. 2419. _
Add. 25,710.

Hours.
Hours.Hours. Hours.
Hours.

Breviary.
Evangeliarium. Evangeliarium. Evangeliarium.
Benedictional. Etching.Medical Astrology.
Emblems. Coronation of Ann Boleyn.
L'Ordre d'une Chef de Guerre.
English Costumes.
Sketch of a monastery.
Designs for fireworks.
Master of game.
Artillery.Hours.
Hours. Hours.Hours.Hours. Hours.
Portuguese Genealogies.
Chappelet de Jesus.
Hours. Hours.
Hours.
Hours.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

25

Slo. 2418.
Slo. 2605.
Harl. 2924.
Kings 6.
Kings 7.
Add. 11,866.
Add. 22,751.
Add. 27,698.
Add. 21,235.
Harl. 2938.
Vesp. B iii.
Add. 6277.
Titus A xvii.
Eg. 940.
Harl. 4393.
Add. 25,709.
Harl. 5763.
Harl. 6205.
Add. 11,355.
Vesp. B ii.
20 A xvi.
Add. 25,092.
Burn. 97.
Harl. 5256.
Italian. Add. 15,813.
Add. 20,927.
Add. 27,934.
Add. 22,498.
Add. 15,817.-
Add. 14,816.
Harl. 3461.
Add. 18,000.
Harl. 3403.
Add. 27,933.
Harl. 3395.
Ar. 255.

Hours.Hours. Hours. Hours.Hours. Hours.Hours.Hours.
'Hours. Form of consecrating a Bishop.
Death of Anne de Bretagne.
Funeral of Anne de Bretagne.
Coronation of Claude, Q. of France.
J. de Meun, Le Trdsor.
Pmeau's Comm. on Acts of Apostles.
Prayers. Prayers. Csesar. Virgil. Reception of Mary of England.
Chanson. La chasse.
Vegetius. French Poem, 1597.
Missal. Hours. Campagna di Pieta.
Matricola.Matricola.
Flore di Virtu.
History. Ducale.Ducale. Ducale.Ducale. Ducale.

26

LIST OF ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS.

Kings 156.
Add. 23,970.
Slo. 2421.
Harl. 3281.
German. Harl. 2835.
Add. 15,711.
Add. 24,153.
Eg. 2075.
Ar. 65.
sio; 5228.
Add. 4727.
Add. 29,895.
Harl. 3469.
Eg. 1480.
Eg. 1 186.
Eg. 1 191.
Add. 15,699.
Eg. 1 1 98.
Eg. 1 199.
Eg. 1553-
Eg. 1209.
Add. 15,734-
Eg. 1538-
Eg. 1 22 1.
Eg. 1222.
Eg. 1225.
Eg. 1226.
Add. 18,610.

Ducale. Ducale.Canzone.
Machinery.
Missal.Hours. Prayers. Calendar.
Portraits from Roman Coins.
Albert Durer's Drawings.
Luther preaching.
Alchemy, 1588.
Splendor Solis.
Album, 1557.
Album, 1567.
Album, 1573.
Album, 1 5 74-1 5 90.
Album, 1581.
Album, 1587.
Album, 1588.
Album, 1590.
Album, 1592-1595.
Album, 1594.
Album, 1597.
Album, 1597.
Album, 1599.
Album, 1599.
Drawings.

27

REFERENCE TABLE
TO NUMERICAL ORDER OF
MANUSCRIPTS EARLIER THAN THE FIFTEENTH
CENTURY
IN THE FOREGOING LIST.

ADDITIONAL

DATE IN

ADDITIONAL

DATE IN

ADDITIONAL

DATE IN

MANUSCRIPTS.

CENTURIES.

MANUSCRIPTS.

CENTURIES.

MANUSCRIPTS.

CENTURIES.

1977

13*

M,8l3

I3th

'7,333

14th

4949

nth

14,819

I4th

17,341

14th

5"i

12th

15,219

13*

17,444

14th

5112

1 2th

15,243

I4th

17,687

14th

5475

14th

15,244

I4th

17,738

A.D. 1 17O

10,292

14th

15,247

I4th

17,739

12th

10,293

14th

15,265

I4th

17,742

A.D. I2l8

10,294

14th

15,268

14th

17,864

14th

10,546

gth

15,274

14th

17,868

I3th

11,283

13th

15,277

I4th

18,043

10th

1 1,662

nth

15,294

I4th

18,144

13th

11,695

12th

15,477

I4th

18,196

14th

11,838

1 2th

15,690

14th

18,633

14th

11,843

14th

16,578

I4th

18,719

13th

11,848

9th

16,905

14th

18,720

14th

11,850 _

12th

16,949

13th

19,352

A.D. 1066

11,870

12th

16,975

14th

19,587 •

14th

12,023

14th

I7>°°5

I3th

19,669

14th

12,029

14th

17,006

I4th

19,767

I3th

12,228

14th

17,046

I4th

19,899

I3th

28

REFERENCE TABLE.

ADDITIONAL

DATE IN

DATE IN

DATE IN

MANUSCRIPTS.

CENTURIES.

ARUNDEL.

CENTURIES.

COTTON.

CENTURIES.

19,992

I4th

44

1 2th

Nero D ii

14th

21,114

I3th

60

nth

Nero D iv

8th

21,412

I4th

83

14th

Nero D v

13*

21,926

I3th

104

14th

Otho B vi

6th

21,965

I4th

150

13th

Tib. A ii

10th

•21,973

14th

155

nth

Tib. A iii

nth

22,279

14th

157

13th

Tib. B v

nth

22,280

14th

246

13th

Tib.'B viii

14th

22,281

14th

339

13th

Tib. C i

A.D. 1 107

22,493

14th

439

14th

Tib. C vi

nth

22,506

14th

481

14th

Tit. D iii

14th

22,739

13*

484

13th

Tit. D xv

13th

22,740

nth

547

9th

Tit. D xvi

nth

23,144

14th

Tit. D xxvi
nth
23,145
14th
BURNEY.
Tit. D xxvii
nth
23,923
14th
3
A.D. I245
I2th
Vesp. A i
8th
23,929
14th
19
Vesp. A viii
10th
24,199
nth
20
1285
Vit. A xiii
14th
24,642
14th
275
14th
Vit. C iii
nth
24,678
13th
Vit. D i
13th
24,681
14th
Vit. E ii
14th
24,683
13th
COTTON.
Vit. F xi
9th
24,686
13th
Calig. A vii
I3th
Appendix 5
14th
25,594
14th
Calig. A viii
12th
26,103
12th
Calig. A xiv
nth
EGERTON.
26,65527,37627,42827,695
A.D. 1250
14th14th
14th
Calig. A xv
Claud. A iii
Claud. B iv
Claud. B v
nthnthnth
10th
608 745
809
874
nth
14th12th 9th
27,868
14th
Claud. D ii
14th
28,162
14th
Claud. D vi
13th
943
14th
28,681
14th
Cleop. A v
14th
1066
14th12th14th
28,784
I3th
Cleop. B xiv
14th
1 139
28,841
14th
Cleop. C viii
nth
1500
29,253
14th
Cleop. C xi
13th
18941983
14th1 2th
14th
29,407
14th
Faust. B vii
13th
29,434
14th
Galba A xviii
10th
2020
29,902
14th
Jul. A v
. 14th
30,045
13th
Jul. A vi
nth
HARLEY.
30,072
14th
Jul. D vii
13th
76
nth
30,084
14th
Nero A iv
14th
273
14th
30,337
12th
Nero C iv
12th
324
14th
30,844 ,
10th
Nero D i
13th
603
nth
REFERENCE TABLE.

29

DATE IN

DATE IN

DATE IN

HARLEY.

CENTURIES.

HARLEY.

CENTURIES.

ROYAL.

CENTURIES

647

10th

4389

14th

5Fx

1 2th

928

13th

4664

14th

6Evi

14th

957

14th

4751

13*

6Evii

14th

979

13th

4903

14th

6Eix

14th

1526

14th

4940

14th

7 Dii

1 2th

1527

14th

4972

I3th

8B xiv

13th

•585

12th

4979

14th

8 F viii

13th

1629

13th

4986

I3th

9 A vii

13th

1772

9th

4996

14th

10 A vii

13th

1802

12th

5102

I3th

10 A xiii

1 2th

1810

12th

5294

12th

10 D viii

13th

2356

14th

5647

1 2th

10 E iv

14th

2449

14th

5785

10th

12 C xix

13th

2506

nth

6563

14th

12 F xiii

13th

2637

gth

7551

nth

13 A i

nth

2788

gth

Roll. Y vi

1 2th

13 A viii

13th

2799-

1 2th

13 B viii
13th
2803
1 2th
CHARTER.
13 E vi
12th
2804
12th
83 A 37
13th
14 C vii
13th
2820
nth
83CI3
A.D. 1 331'
14 E ii
14th
2821
nth
15 A xvi
10th
2844
13th
KINGS.
15 Dii
14th
2878
14th
5
14th
16 E viii
13th
2891
14th
16 G vi
14th
2897
14th
LANSDOWNE.
16 G vii
14th
2904
nth
381
1 2th
17 E vii
14th
2908
nth
383
1 2th
18 D viii
14th
292S
14th
420
13th
19 A xx
14th
2930
13th
782
13th
19 B xiii
14th
2970
1 2th
1 175
14th
19 B xv
14th
2979
14th
19 B xvii
14th
3006
13th
ROYAL.
19 C i
14th
301 1
12th
1 B xii
A.D. 1254
19 C ii
14th
3045
1 2th
1 Di
I3th
19 C iv
14th
3240
14th
1 Dx
I3th
19 Di
14th
3244
13th
1 E iv
14th
19 D ii
14th
3448
14th
2 A iii
I3th
19 D iv
14th
3571
14th
2 A -xxii
13*
19 D v
14th
3746
14th
2 B iii
I3th
20 A ii
14th
3751
14th
2 B vi
I3th
20 A v
14th
3978
14th
2 B vii
14th
20 A xvii
14th
438i
14th
3 Aii
I3th
20 B i
14th
4382
14th
5Exi
I3th
20 B ii
14th
30

REFERENCE TABLE.

ROYAL.

DATE IN
CENTURIES.

ROYAL.

DATE IN
CENTURIES.

SLOANE.

DATE IN
CENTURIES.

20 B vi

I4th

20 D vi

13th

1975

1 2th

20 B xix

I3th

Roy. App. viii.

1 2th

1977

13*

20 C vi

I4th

2430

14th

20 C vii

14th

SLOANE.

3544

14th

20 D ii

14th

278

13th

3983

14th

20 D iv

I4th

346

14th

3i

DICTIONARY

OF

PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS

AA
Aaron, figure of
Faust. B vii, f. 47
Harl. 4381, f. 60
19 C i, f. 89 b
Abbess
3:16 Fii, f. 188
Benedictine % Kings 9, f. 64b
Harl. 2962, f. 41
Harl. 2900, f. 68 b
Cistercian 28,784 B, f. 3
Abbots, mitred
Ji6,97S, f- IS*
11,662
2 B vi, f. 1 1
+ 17,466, f. 62
28,784 B, f. n*
22,557, f- 40*

AB
Abbots
Benedictine ti 5,813, f. 2l80
Eg. 2019, f. 231
20 D vi, f. 208 b
15,711, f. &b
27,428, f. 64
24,642, f. 80*, 180, etc.
Abdon, Saint
Harl. 2897, f- 347 °
Abel, murder of
Harl. 4381, f. 11
(Struck on the head with a
wooden mallet.)
19 Dii, f. 18 b
17 E vii, f. gb
19,962, f. 37
21,926, f. 150*
Eg. 1070, f. 140

AB

32

AD

Abelard, portrait of
fi6Fii, f. 137
Abishag brought to David
1 E ix, f. 74
Abner, figure of
Harl. 1766, f. 94
Abraham, figure of
Faust. B vii, f. 46
Harl. 4940, f. 51
14,819
Head of
7 D ii, f. 3
Call of
30,084, f. 81
Leaving his country
Harl. 4381, f. 17
Dream of
24,678, f. 9
Fighting the kings
17 E vii, f. 17
Receiving the three angels
115,268, f. 24*
24,199, f- 3°
+ 24,678, f. 9
Seeing the vision of the lamp
Claud. B iv, f. 27
God's covenant with, a ladder
with angels, and two figures of
God Claud. B iv, f. 29
Talking with God
17 E vii, f. 16
19 D ii, f. 17
Expulsion of Hagar and
Ishmael by
24,678, f. 10
Sacrifice of Isaac
19 C i, f. 57 b
Nero C iv, f. 3
17 E vii, f. 17 b
i6,975, f- 25
16 G vii, f. 28
Eg. 912, f. 30*
15,268, f. 30 b
26,667, f. 6

Abraham, (continued.)
Sacrifice of ram
19,962, f. 41
Absalom, figure of
19 D i, f. 263*
22,557, f- 37
Death of
1 15 Diii, f. 130 b
17 E vii, f. 143
Death of (in surcoat of arms
of France)
Harl. 4381, f. 137
Achacius, Saint
15,702, f. 244
Achilles, exploits of
15,47715,268, f. 114*
Acrobats
10 E iv, f. 58, etc.
15,434, ff. 4T, 128*
ADAM, creation of
19 D ii, f. 5 b
Harl. 4381, f. 8
21,926, f. 150*
11,866, f. 4
Nero D ii, f. 2 b
Harl. 334, f. 6
Eg. 1070, f. 140
Placed in garden
19,962, f. 27
Naming the beasts
Claud. B iv, f. 6
Harl. 3244, f. 46
Slo. 3544, f. 15*
J15 D iii, f. 6
At the foot of the cross
Arundel 83, f. 133
ADAM and EVE
Slo. 2633, f. 86 b

AD

33

AD

Adam and Eve, (cont.)
Harl. 2876, f. 51
Harl. 4940, f. 51
18 D vii, f. 6
J 1 1,696, f. 8
Series of
Harl. 4996, ff. 2-5 b
Harl. 3240, ff. 4^-6
Harl. 4940, f. 58, etc.
Ar. 120, ff. 4 £-6
19 C i, f. 65*
25,697, f. 8
15,525, ff. 8, 10
24,678, f. 7
20,729, f. 13 b-T.1 b, 61 b
Harl. 2803, i. 6 b
Creation of
18,850, f. 14
Eg. 912, f. 10, 11 b, etc.
In garden
14 E iii, f. 127*, 128
26,667, f- x
Forbidden to eat of the Tree
17 E vii, f. 7
Temptation of
16 E viii, f. 55*
Faust. B. vii, f. 45
\ 16,975, f. 13
{27,695, f. 13*
20 D ii, f. 267 b
Harl. 4940, f. 58
118,852, f. 14*
Harl. 1766, f. n
Kings 9, f. 140 b
Burn. 3, f. 10*
15 D ii, f. 2
21,926, f. 150*
Harl. 2989, f. 27
Harl. 4381, f. 9
17 E vii, f. 7 b
19 D ii, f. 8
Slo. 2565, f. 78 b
11,866, f. 6
115,248, f. 17
iS,52S, f- 9
17,280, f. 146

Adam and Eve, (cont.)
18,850, f. 14
19,962, f. 30
21,909, f. 13
27,698, f. 17
(Crucifix in tree)
Harl. 3000, f. 92 b
Slo. 2471, f. 100*
Questioned by God
11,866, f. 6 b
Reproved 19,962, f. 31
Expulsion from Paradise
Nero C iv, f. 2
Burn. 3, f. 10 *
21,926, f. 150*
Harl. 4381, f. 10
Harl. 62 1, f. 1 *
Harl. 1766, f. 13
Harl. 1892, f. 115
14 E v, f. 13 *
J15 D iii, f. 10 *
17 E vii, f. 8*
19 D ii, f. 9
{Slo. 2605, f. 16 *
Eg. 2076, f. 5 *
Ar. 318, f. 82
17,280, f. 14*
19,962, f. 34
15,525, f. 10
11,866, f. 8
27,697, f. 29
18,851, f. 177*
18,852, f. 14 *
Clothed by God the Father
19,962, f. 33
Receiving spade and distaff
Nero C iv, f. 2
Tilling the ground and spinning
Burn. 3, f. 10 *
19,962, f. 35
11,866, f. 8*
Adonydes, figure of
Harl. 1766, f. 75* i

AD

34

AG

Adoram, death of
Harl. 1766, f. 97 *
Adrian, Saint
19,416, f. 132
Harl. 2863, f. no*
Eg. 2125, f. 200*
22,590, f. 243*
Harl. 2962, f. 36
28,784 A, f. 138*
i5,677, f- I51
17,026, f. 74*
17,280, f. 347*
Eg. 1 147, f. 216
24,075, f. 225
Adrian III, Pope
Nero D ii, f. 114
Adryane
Harl. 1766, f. 38
./Emilius, portrait of
122,318, f. 10*
^Eneid
",355> f- 79
^Eneas and Dido
Kings 24, f. 59
Flight of
Kings 24, f. 73 *
Msop, portrait of
15 A xxviii
Agatha, Saint
25,697, f. 275
29,902, f. 9
29,433, f. 215*
Eg. 1070, f. 87 *
Martyrdom of
20 D vi, f. 73 *
30,084, f. 279*
Eg. 859, f. 29
Healed by St. Peter
19 B xvii, f. 73

Agnes, Saint
J Eg. 1139
19 B xvii, f. 5, 50
28,784 B, f. 8
|3o,oi4, f. 170 *
30,038, f. 16*
Eg. 809 (Cover of book)
Tib. B iii, f. 146 *
29,433, f- 215 *
Dom. A xvii, f. 149
Harl. 2955, f. 143
Eg. 1070, f. 85 *
29,735, f- n6*
17,525, f. 182*
17,353, f- !5°*
Slo. 2916, f. 127
25,697, f. 264*
{19,917, f. 129
Harl. 2948, f. 176
18,851, f. 324
17,280, f. 365
2 A xii, f. 403 *
Receiving clothes from angel
20 D vi, f. 77
Martyrdom of
30,084, f. 205
Agnus Dei
11,695, f- 2*
Harl. 3045, f. 20 *
17,739 17,333, ff- 2*, 24*
Agriculture, various
operations of
14 E vi, f. 28
20 C v, f. 13
19,720
Subjects relating to
Harl. 2702
See Seasons.
Agrippina, death of
Harl. 1766, f. 171
20 C v, f. 139
See Nero.

Al

35

AL

Air, qualities of
17 E iii, f. 148
Alain Chartier, kissed
by Margaret of Scotland
i5,3°°
Alan, Count of Brittany,
figure of
Faust. B vii, f. 72 *
Alanus de Insula, por
trait of
{19,767
Alban, Saint, martyrdom
of 2 B vi, f. 10 *
Nero D ii, f. 38
Finding tomb of
Nero D i
Alban's Abbey, Saint
Nero D. ii, f. 48
Portraits of Benefactors
Nero D vii
Legend of foundation
Nero D i
ALBANACTUS,SOn of Brutus
20 A ii, f. 2
Albonyus, King,murder of
Harl. 1766, f. 221.*'
Aldhelm, Saint
5 E xi, f. 2
Alexander the Great,
seated on a throne, etc.
13 Ai
{15,26s, f. 203
Life, etc., of
25,884 15 E vi
Harl. 4979
20 B xx
Faust. B vii, f. 50 *
Harl. 4372, f. 3, etc.
17 F i, etc.
19 Di

Alexander, (continued.)
{15,268, f. 210, etc.
20 A v
20 C iii
Burn. 169
19 E vi, f. 115 *
Aerial flight of
19 D i, f. 37
Harl. 4979, f. 71
20 A v, f. 70 *
20 B xx, f. 76 *
Death of
Harl. 4375, f. 214
Burn. 169, f. 193*
Head of
Eg. 1500, f. 13*
Alexis, Saint, dream of
20 D vi, f. 179
18,851, f. 405 *
Alfonso the Vth of
Aragon attending Mass with
his queen and suite
{28,962, f. 281 *
Praying {28,962, ff. 4*, 44 *, 202, 312
Alfonso X, of Spain,
and his court
20,787, ff. 1, 80 *
Alfred, King
Claud. D. ii, ff. 5, 8
Faust. B vii, f. 63
Allegorical Pictures, j
1 9 C i, f. 1 1 *
Harl. 7353
Harl. 4431
15 E ii, f. 60, etc.
Living and dead kings
Ar. 83, f. 128
22,568, f. 146 *
10 E iv, f. 258*
Altar, heathen, with
gods, figures of deities, etc.
Burn. 257, f. 336*, 359, etc.
Burn. 257, f. 49, etc.
4*

AL

36

AN

Altar, etc. (continued.)
{Harl. 4372, f. 140
Harl. 4374, f. 155*
Harl. 4375, f. 90*, 160*
Harl. 4431, ff. 112*, 1 1 6, etc.
20 C iv, f. 30
Lansd. 1178, f. 222
16 G v, f. 81
19 E vi, f. 10
14 E iii, ff. 3, 14, etc.
Altar, see Ecclesiastical
Furniture. Althea, Queen
Harl. 1766, f. 63, etc.
Amaury, King of Jeru
salem, coronation of
15 E i, f. 330
Amazons
15,268, f. 103
Ambrose, Saint
Harl. 4381, f. 4
19 B xvii, f. 105
19 C i, f. 94
4836, f. 4
11,866, f. 173
17,280, f. 35*
{24,153, f. 129*
29,433, f. 208 *
Eg. 1070, f. 89*
And Theodosius
Harl. 1766, f. 206*
Preaching Harl. 2897, f. 160
Baptising Saint Augustine
18,851, f. 194
Amorini, or Cupids
Harl. 5600, f. 16
12,004
{15,816, f. 5
Kings 24
{Harl. 3481
{14,787, ff. 1,6*
Procession of
20,916, f. 1

Amos, the Prophet
Harl. 4382, f. 122
19 D ii, f. 392 *
1 7 E vii, f. 366 *
1 E ix, f. 230
{15 Diii, f. 395*
24,678, f. 14
Harl. 3244, f. 61
Amphibalus, Saint,
martyrdom of
2 B vi, f. 10 *
Nero D ii, f. 38 *
Andreas, Johannes, a
Commentator, portrait of
Harl. 3718, f. 1 *
Andrew, Saint, Apostle
{Cal. A xiv, f. 30*
{i8Evi, f. 175
24,686, f. 2
28,784, B, f. 2
19 B xvii, f. 10
2 A xii, f. 387
Harl. 2855, f. 20*
Harl. 2985, f. 56 *
Harl. 3000, f. 57
Slo. 2565, f. 45 *
Slo. 2571, f. 39*
Slo. 2633, f. 51*
11,866, f. 160*
15,814, f. 202
17,006, f. 189*
17,012, f. 62
17,280, f. 345
18,854, f. 139*
22,590, f. 240
24,075, f. 242
+ 24,153, f- "i^
25,697, f. 254
27,697, f- 93
29,433, f- 197 0
29,735, f- "4
Eg. 859, f. 34
Eg. 1070, f. 80 *
Ar. 318, f. 49*
{Kings 9, ff. 36*, 86*
Raising dead man
20 D vi, f. 195 * .

AN

37

an

Andrew, St. (continued.)
Before his accusers
29,704, f. 24
Martyrdom 20 D vi, f. 193
16,907, f. 7
19 C i, f. 194
{18,851, f. 293
22,720, f. 50*
25,697, f. 254*
29,704, ff. 15, 24
30,038, f. 12
Lans. 1 1 79, f. 68 *

Andrew, King of Hun
gary, strangled.
Harl. 1766, f. 258
Androgeus, figure of
Harl. 1766, f. 34*
Andronicus, Emperor
Harl. 1766, f. 239*
Andromeda
Harl. 4431, f. 100*

ANGEL.— The illuminators of the Middle Ages
appear to have taken more than ordinary delight in introducing
figures of angels into their pictures, when they could do so with
appropriate taste. Many of the illustrations referred to in the
following list are of exceedingly beautiful design, and elaborated
in exquisitely harmonious tints of colouring and shading. The
use of gold, introduced with freedom, and always with good
effect, heightens the brilliancy and expression of these paintings.
The opportunity of representing angels and angelic, cherubic,
or seraphic figures, which was so naturally afforded to the artist
to whose task it devolves to depict scenes of Biblical history,
whether of the Old or New Testament, was seldom overlooked.
Nor is it difficult to account for this frequent introduction of
figures of these supernatural beings into both religious and
historical pictures. In the times over which our references
extend, a large veneration for angels existed, not unattended with
that deeply felt and speculative curiosity which is at all times
attached to the mysterious and the unknown wonders of the
universe. Hence we have a very large range of references for
study and comparison under this head. Other examples will
generally be found under Bible, Jesus Christ, St. Mary the
Virgin, Michael, and similar titles which readily suggest them
selves to the student.

Harl. 2886, f. 51 *
Harl. 1810, f. 26
+Eg. 1 139
Harl. 5790
Vesp. A viii, f. 2 *
Harl. 603
{Harl. 7026
Ar. 155, f. 9*
Cal. A xiv, ff. 18, 22.

24,199, f- Zb
{Harl. 2908, ff. 16, 65
Harl. 76
Tib. C vi,ff. 3, n*-i8*
Claud. B iv,ff. 2,29-32,33,49
11,695
+3°,337 Lans. 383, f. 13 *
Harl. Roll v, 6

AN

38

AN

Angels, (continued.)
17,738 17,739
{Nero C iv, ff. 2, 5, 11, 16,
23, 24, 3°, 33, 35, 39
Ar. 157, ff. 5*, 10*
Cleop. C xi, £17
Calig. A vii, f. 8*
28,784 B, ff. 7, 16*
Harl. 4972
Burn. 3, f. 10 *
17,868, ff. 30*, 31
10 E iv
19,66924,642
19 Ci
i9,587, f- 63, etc.
Aran. 83, ff. 132*, 133, 134,
135^ 19 B xvii, ff. 5, 91, 190*
15 D ii
19 B xv
15,265, ff. 123*, 127*
16 G vii, f. 37 *
Harl. 2897, f. 188 *
Harl. 3571, f. 95*
Harl. 3978, f. 26*
{6 E ix, f. 6, 7
17,86418,633 17,687
Harl. 4381
Harl. 4382
19,587, ff. 86, 88, 93, etc.,
Harl. 1527
{27,697, ff. 52*, 6o,77*,io3*,
118*, 155 *, 206, 213, 210 —
(The angels in this book have
exquisitely coloured wings and
most graceful draperies).
29,433, f- 174
18,850, ff. 14-144, 150*, 182,
199 *, 204*, 288 *
Harl. 1892, f. 6*
Harl. 2934, f. 74
20,694, ff. 20, 34, 71 *
{18,851, ff. 29,90, 195*, 211,
343, 399, 4i9 b

Angels, (continued?)
i5,525, ff- IO> 96
4836, ff. 188 *, 189 *
Harl. 2865, ff. 13, 59 *
Harl. 5762, ff. 67, 83, 164
Slo. 2732 B, ff. 22 *, 51
22,590, -f. 52*
{28,785, ff. 26, 84, 91, 120
18,854, ff. 40*, 52, 71*, 91
Slo. 2468, ff. 32 *, 51, 184
Harl. 2989, ff. 13, 36*, 49
Harl. 2972, f. 209
Harl. 2980, ff. 26, 32 *
{Harl. 2948, ff. 17 (child
angels), 28, 59
Slo. 2605, ff. 17,30,47,70
{Harl. 2969, ff. 60, 79
11,865, f. 85
Eg. 940, ff. 4, 9
2 B xiii, f. 22
16,998, f. 29
Harl. 2936, f. 59
29,704, ff. 8, 9, 15, 35
Eg. 2019, ff. 25, 98, 196,
219 *, 223
Harl. 2999, ff. 52, 57
Harl. 2863, f. 21
Harl. 2877, f. 68 *
Kings 7, f. 48
19 D ii, ff. 1, 28*
17 E vii, ff. 1, 8 *
28,962, ff. 44*-67*, 81*,
346* 17,012, f. 158*
2 A xvi, f. 118
{24,098, f. 1 *
15,077, f. 200
11,866, f. 158*
Eg. 2045, ff. 25, 89, 115*
17,026, ff. 54^107, 152
!9,4i6, f. 59*
{17,280, ff. 78, 190*, 238*
Harl. 2788, f. 7*
Harl. 4939, f. 6 *
Harl. 2854, ff. 212, 240
Eg- 875
Slo. 2471, f. 147 b
Harl. 3000, ff. 82*, 128*

AN

39

AN

Angels, (continued.)
Harl. 2876, ff. 47, 43 *
!7,399
25,887
Harl. 2853, f. 27 *
Harl. 2846
Harl. 2940, f. 175
{Harl. 2971, ff. 158, 78*
Ar. 318, f. 123*
{16 G iii
Harl. 5049, f. 13
14,803, f. 53 *
{15,114, ff. 48*, 265*
27,913, f. 103
20,729, f. 70*
2 B xii, f. 23
15,682, f. 105
Kings 9
{25,698 Slo. 2605
15,711, f. 145
+ 24,153
Nero E ii
Lans. 1 179, f. 120*, etc.
Slo. 2565, ff. 21 *, 58 *, 120*
",843
+ i6,997, ff 21, 44 £, 57; 63,
84*, in, 163
{17,006
+ 14,787
15,685, f. 51
+ 24,189, f- 13
25,695, ff. 23-29, 62, 78-87,
94, 106, 114, 121, 147
29,887, f. 70*
29,735, f- 7
+3°,OI4 3°,°38Harl. 1766, f. 13
Harl. 2915, f. 43*
Harl. 2950
Harl. 4335-4337
Harl. 4376, f. 206*
Harl. 4431, f. 132*
14 E i, f. 3, etc.
14 E iii, f. 3
14 E iv
14 E v, f. 13 *

Angels, (continued.)
14 E vi
{15 Diii, f. 6
15 E vi, f. 3, etc.
18 E iii, iv
19 E i, f. 1
{19 E v
20 C v, f. 7
20 A xvi
Eg. 912, f. 11*, etc.
Eg- 943, f- 80, etc.
{Eg. 1070
Eg. 2022
{Eg. 2125, ff. 157*, 209*
Eg. 859, f. 30
15 E ii, f. 19*
{10,341, f. 113*
Nine orders of
6 E ix, ff. 6, 7
Orders of
Aug. vi, f. 24*
19 C i, f. 29 *
Good, and fallen
Aug. vi, f. 20 *
17 E iii, f. 15
Seraphim Harl. 603, f. 9
17,739
{Harl. 3045, f. 10 *
Harl. 4381, f. 4
Harl. 4382, ff. 106*, no
15,268, f. 1 *
{6 E ix, f. 6
18,720, f. 5
{27,695, f. 6
2 B xv, f. 10*
{15 D iii, ff. 3-274*
19 A xxii, f. 1
19 D ii, f. 1
Eg. 940, f. 2 *
. {Eg. 1068, f. 41 (crimson
colour) Eg. 1070, ff; 936, 112
Eg. 2019, ff. 203, 222
Dom. A xvii, ff. 49, 149, 205
Burn. 352, f. 97
Harl. 2865, f. 59*

AN

40

AN

Angels, (continued.)
Harl. 2887, f. 8 *
Harl. 2935, f. 80*
{Harl. 2969, f. 79
Harl. 2980, f. 32 *
Slo. 2418, f. 74
Slo. 2468, f. 87
Slo. 2605, f. n
15,702, f. 157
{16,997, ff. 84^, 90, in
18,850, ff. 14, 150*, 204*,
288* 18,851, f. 241
18,854, f. 134*
19,897, f- 148*
19,962, ff. 17 *-26
25,695, ff- 23, 29, 147
27,697, ff. 13, 52*, 155*,
igr, 197
29,704, f. 10
28,962, f. 302
On wheel
{Ar. 83, ff. 5*, 131*
Supporting St. Mary
Eg. 1070, f. 99
With symbols of Evangelists
+ i7,738, f- 199
Cherubim 6 E ix, f. 6
19 B xvii, f. 216
Eg. 943, ff. 76, 77, etc.
Dom. A xvii, ff. 49, 149
Kings 8, f. 47 *
Harl. 2865, f. 59 *
Harl. 2917, f. 70
Eg. 1068, f. 41
Eg. 2045, f. 115*
Slo. 2605, f. n
16,997, f. 90
17,280, f. 24*
17,466, f. 154
18,850, f. 208
18,851, f. 224
20,694, f. 18*
27,697, ff 155^, I91, 197
{28,785, f. 58
+ 29,433, f- 192

Angels, (continued.)
Guardian {24,153, f- 74 <*
2 B xv, f. 66 *
Tib. B iii, f. 145 °
Guardian, keeping off a fiend
Harl. 5764, f- 87
Guardian with worshipper
2 A xviii, f. 26
Judgment of
27,695, f. 1 *
Fall of
Burn. 3, f. 10 *
Fallen, driven out of heaven
18 G ii, f. 161 *
Fallen, cast into hell
Harl. 3240, f. 4*
Appearing in a dream to
the Magi
Ar. 157, f. 4*
At tomb of Jesus Christ
2 B vi, f. 9 *
Ar. 157, f. 11
21,926, f. 21
24,686, f. 4*
See also Jesus Christ, Resur
rection. Disputing with fiend for a
soul 18,751, f. 163
Weighing souls
10 E iv, f. 184
19,587, f. 61
Holding souls
Lans. 383, f. 168 *
Carrying the souls of the
departed 18,213, f- 125
Bearing soul to heaven
Slo. 2565, f. 120*
Ascending ladder
18,851, f. 180
Supporting Host
Eg. 1070, f. no

AN

41

AN

Angels, (continued.)
With crown of thorns
Eg. 1070, f. 98
With book
18,7s1, f- 37
With scrolls
Eg. 1070, f. 32 *
18,751, ff. 86*, 129
With shield
{21,926, f. 2
Harl. 4940, f. 1 2 *
. Peacock, feathered wings of
Harl. 4381, f. 10
Holding standards, in borders,
Harl. 4372, 4373, 4379,4380

Angels, (continued.)
Tying Devils
10 E iv, f. 188
Supporting the Trinity
19 C i, f. 16
Conveying prayers to God
19 C i, f. 28 *
Duties of
19 C i, f. 29
With Abraham
{15,268, f. 24*
Angler, fishing
14 E vi, f. 259 *

ANIMALS. — The following references are to Manu
scripts that contain numerous representations of animals in their
pictures, or to single pictures in which various figures of creatures
are introduced. The student will also find animals in illustra
tions of the Creation; the headings of Ark, Dragon,
Grotesques, Grylli, Monsters, etc., supply others. Separate
animals are entered in the Dictionary under their own names.
For the most part,' the drawing of, and proportions assigned to
animal forms, are not very good ; but there are, at the same
time, some very fine examples of good drawing ; the colouring
is not always correct. In some a great deal of spirit and a
very natural position is indicated ; in others again, and
especially in figures of beasts or birds introduced into borders
of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, there is a touch of
humour, and occasionally of caricature, which adds a charm to
the picture of the creature indicated. In all illustrations of
beasts the artists have evinced an intimate knowledge of their
subject ; of course, the early Bestiaries, or "Manuals of Natural
History" as they may be called, betray a conventionality of
design, and show the hand of the copyist rather than the
designer. But even the best of these afford much material
for study and comparison.

Tib. B v
JVitel. C iii
Slo. 1975
11,283
{Harl. 1585
Slo. 1975
Slo. 278, ff. 44, etc.
Slo. 1977, f. 1

Ar. 339, ff. 73, etc.
Vitel. D 1
{24,686 Harl. 3244
Harl. 4986, ff. 44 *, 5c
{Harl. 4751
10 E iv
12 F xiii

AN

42

AN

Animals, (continued.)
13 B viii, ff. 10 *, etc.
16 E viii
Slo. 3544, 3983
Eg. 943
Burn. 275
10,293, f- 1
12,228
{15,268
+ 15,274
{28,784, A
{28,841 Harl. 273, ff. 70-81
Harl. 334
16 G vii
19 D 1
Harl. 1717, f. 174*
Harl. 2702, f. 98 *
Harl. 4431, f. 128
{15,816, f. 5
15,269
18,000
19 C 1
18,850, f. 16*
{18,852 19,720, f. 212 *
{12 C xix
12 D ii
14 E iii, ff. 78 *, etc.
14 E iv
14 E vi
1 5 A xxviii
' 15 E iii, ff. 49*, 196, etc.
15 E vi, ff. 15 *, etc.
17 E iii, ff. 175, 264
{20 B xx, ff. 41, etc.
ANNE, Saint, Mother of the Blessed Virgin.— This
saint is usually represented as aged and of grave aspect. She
is often accompanied by her daughter, the Virgin Mary, as a
child, and sometimes forms one of a group of the Holy Family.
The scenes of her life generally chosen for representation are,
(i) the Annunciation of the birth of the Virgin ; and (ii) the
subsequent meeting with her husband, St. Joachim (see Joachim,
Saint), at the "Golden Gate" of Nazareth; this latter subject is
generally illustrative of the Immaculate Conception.

Animals, (continued.)
Aug. A v, f. 388
Aug. vi, f. 326
Vesp. B xii
{Burn. 97
Eg. 912, f- 10
Lans. 1 1 78
Burn. 257, ff. 90*, 119, etc.
Fabulous Harl. 4751
20 A v, f. 48 *
10 E iv
Harl. 4979, ff. 71 *, 72, etc.
15 Eiv
2013, xx, ff. 51-80
Harl. 4979, f. 67 *
Medical properties of
Harl. 1585
In Paradise divided by God
into sexes
19 C i, f. 201
Strange, attacked by Alexander
15,268, f. 210 *
See also Alexander.
Various allegorical and philo
sophical formula?
Harl. 2637
As jugglers and musicians
Lans. 420, f. 12 *
Hunting, and playing on
musical instruments, games,
etc. Harl. 6563

Harl. 2897, f. 340*
Eg 1068, f. 88 *

Eg. 1070, f. 97
Eg. 2125, f. 212*

AN

43

AN

Anne, Saint, (continued.)
Tib. B iii, f. 146*
Ar. 318, f. 24*
Kings 7, f. 99
Harl. 2441, f. 93 *
Harl. 2846, f. 40*
Harl. 2900, f. 59*
Harl. 2919, f. 146 *
Harl. 2929, f. 127*
Harl. 2975, f. 229*
Harl. 2985, f. 31 *
{Harl. 3000, f. 34*
Harl. 5049, f. 63
Slo. 2321, f. 143*
Slo. 2418, f. 136
Slo. 2468, f. 184
Slo. 2471, f. 35*
Slo. 2605, f. 102
Slo. 2633, f. 27 *
Slo. 2916, f. 126 *
14,803, f. 104
{15,711, f. 115*
15,813, f- 216*
17,353, f- 140*
18,851, f. 414
18,854, f. 147
20,694, f. 142
22,590, f. 251
22,720, f. 321
{24,153, ff. 79*, 85*
28,785, f. 175 b
29,433, f- 217
Kings 9, f. 53 *
Angel, appearing to
15,525, f. 12
Vision of an angel to her

Anne, Saint, (continued.)
Eg. 2019, f. 30
22,279, f- i°^
Representation of the Im
maculate Conception in a
curiously naturalistic manner.
2 A xix, f. 1
With the Virgin Mary
20,859, f. 77 *
17,280, f. 360*
24,686, f. 2 *
Harl. 2915, f. 153*
With the Blessed Virgin and
her Son
19,416, f. 181
With St. Mary and our Lord,
the Blessed Virgin being repre
sented as a child
18,850, f. 257 *
Anne of Bretagne,
Queen of France, com
memoration of her death,
1573, in illuminated
Vesp. B iii
Funeral 6277
Antelope, an
11,283, f- 3
See Animals.
Anthimus, Saint, and his
companions
Martyrdom of
11,870, f. 44*

17,280, f. 129*
ANTHONY, Saint and Hermit. — Usually repre
sented as an old bearded hermit, carrying a staff and a bell (the
latter to scare away devils), and accompanied by a pig, to
symbolise the desires of the body over which the saint triumphed
by means of his ascetic life.
28,784, A f. 137 * 11,866, f. 176
19 B xvii, f. 46 I5,H4, f- 183 *
Harl. 3978, f. 113* 15,281, f. 2.18*
{23,145, ff. 15*, 25 15,525, f. no
4836, ff. 1 *, 184* 15,677, f- 15°

AN

44

ap

Anthony, (continued.)
15,815, f- 3°
15,818, f. 42
17,280, f. 360
17,353, f- 137
17,525, f- 165
{17,943, f. 136*
18,851, f. 320*
18,854, f. 14*
19,416, f. 126*
19,962, f, 174
20,694, f. 141 *
20,859, f. 85
22,590, f. 246 *
25,697, f. 262 *
27,697, f- 95
29,433, f- 212
29,735, f- 13°
Harl. 121 1, f. 90*
Harl. 2854, f. 248*
Harl. 2915, f. 151
Harl. 2936, f. 108*
{Harl. 2952, f. 20* (Grisaille)
Harl. 2962, f. 37 *
Harl. 2974, f. 13
Harl. 5049, f. 62 *
Eg. 809 (cover of book)
Eg. 1147, f. 218*
Eg. 1070, f. 107 *
2 A xviii, f. 6 *
Slo. 2418, f. 135*
Slo. 2916, f. 125
Tib. B iii, f. 147
Kings 7, f. 96
{Kings 9, f. 45 b
Tempted by devil in form of
a woman Harl. 5370, f. 161 *
Anthony of Padua, Saint
{17,943, f- 136
Harl. 2865, f. 107
Harl. 2967, f. 200 *
Harl. 5049, f. 114
Slo. 2916, f. 124
Casting out a devil
Harl. 2897, f. 303 *

Antichrist
6 E vi, f. 100 *
Antioch, map of, and
neighbouring parts
Eg. 1500, f. 47 *
Antiochus setting up
idols in temple
18,851, f. 139
Antony, Mark
20 C i, f. 247 *
Ants, curious representa
tions of
Slo. 278, f. 54*
16 E viii, f. 16*
Nests of
1 2 C xix, f. 24 *
Harl. 4751, f. 32
Anvil, an
20,698, f. 87
Ar. 484, f. 203
Jul. F vii, f. 8 *
{16 G v, f. 114*
Harl. 4425, f. 140
Apes, figures of, generally
in borders. (This heading
includes Monkey)
Slo. 278, f. 58
{17 E vii, f. 265
19 B xiii, f. 5
Harl. 4979, f. 5
15 E iv, f. 179
19 C viii, f. 11
Aug. A v, f. 354*
10,29315,434, f- 98
17,019, f. 158*
Combat of
10 E iv, f. 75*
14 E iii, f. 3
With bow and arrow
14 E iii, f. 89

AP

45

AP

Apes, (continued.)
Holding a falcon
14 E iii, f. 140
Blowing horn
14 E iii, f. 140
Led by a rope
16 E viii, f. 34
Caricatures with
{Harl 4379, 4380
Tricks of
10 E iv, ff. 147, 175, etc.

Apes, (continued.)
Teaching a man to stand on
his head
20 D iv, f. 260
' At school
20 D iv, f. 1
Defying a centaur
20 D iv, f. 150 *
Tale of, carrying away the
child while another ape rocks
the cradle with an ape in it
10,292, f. 76
Riding on a stag
12,029, f. 1

APOCALYPSE. — The numerous illustrations intro
duced into copies of the Apocalypse are generally treated in
a very natural and literal manner. Some of the Manuscripts
are full of tastefully designed and very beautifully coloured
illuminations, in which the scenes represented in the text are
depicted with excellent art, and in a way calculated to show
very clearly the' fact that the figurative and metaphorical aspect
of the Revelation was not preferred among the early miniature
painters to the realistic and literal translation.

Apocalypse (or Revela-
, tion of St John) illustrated
throughout with pictures
11,695
{Harl. 4972
IS D ii.
.{19 B xv. •
Harl. 4382, ff. 234^258 *
17,333
J 22,493I5>243 18,633
{15 D iii, ff. 516-534
17,399
Apollinaris, Saint
18,841, f. 461 *
Martyrdom of
Harl. 2897, f. 338
Apollo, figure of
Harl. 1766, f. 28
Statue of
Harl. 1766, ff. 43, 44 ^

Apollonia, Saint
28,784 B, f. 8
Harl. 12 1 1, f. 90 *
Harl. 1 25 1, f. 50
Harl. 2854, f. 256
Harl. 2962, f. 40 *
Harl. 2989, f. 124
Dom. A xvii, f. 149
Tib. B iii," f. 146 *
Slo. 2916, f. 128
15,702, f. 259
17,280, f. 364
17,353, f- M4*
18,854, f. 149 *
19,962, f. 178
22,590, f. 253 *
27,697, f. 100 *
29,735, f- 121*
Eg. 1068, f. 90 *
Eg. 1070, f. 90
Eg. 2019, f. 217
Kings 7, f. 100 *

AP

46

AR

Apostles, figures of the
twelve
{6 E ix, f. 7 * (? 1 E ix)
{15 D ii,f. 64*
{16,975, ff. 14*, 15
17,353, f- 132
18,851, f. 499
22,720, f. 68
Kings 7, f. 92 *
Tib. B iii, f. 143 *
Eg. 1070, f. 113
Harl. 1892, f. 115
Harl. 2975, f. 225
Apparition of a spirit
16 G 5, f. 105 *
As a dream
16 G vii, f. 405 *
20 C v, f. 137 *
Apron
Harl. 4375, f. 258*
Aqueduct, an
Harl. 603, f. 14*
Arbogastes, figure of
Harl. 1766, ff. 204*, 206
Archbishop, figure of an
Vitel. C iii, f. 11*
Nero D ii, f. 50, etc.
2 B xiii, f. 22*
18 G ii, f. 156
Jul. E iv, ff. 213, 222
20,916, f. 25
22,497, f. 2 *
{Harl. 4425, f. 167 *
Vested 2 B vi, f. n
{Tib. B viii
{2 A xxii, f. 221
24,642, ff. 196, 198*
Vested for mass
17,005, f. 4
Harl. 2799, f. 40
{17 B xliii, f. 132 *
Effigy of an
24,189, f. 6

Archbishop, (continued.)
With cup in hand
Vesp. B i, f. 4
Reading a sealed document
in a pulpit
Harl. 1319, f. 12
Crowning Henry III., etc.
Vitel. A xiii, f. 5, f. 5 *
At a coronation
14 D iv, f. 133
Giving candle to dying king
20 C ix, f. 310
Buried by monks
Harl. 102, f, 17
Archdeacon, visitation
by 6 E vi, f. 132 *
Archer, an
Harl. 1810, f. 25 *
Archers
28,785, f. 169 *
See Armour, Weapons.
Archery, practising
19 D ii, f. 1
Archpriest
6 E vi, f. 136
Ariovistus, figure of
17 F ii, f. 46
Meeting of, with Julius Csesar
Harl. 6205, f. 60
Aristotle, school of
Aug. A v, f. 103
Arithmetical diagrams
and figures illustrative of the
principles of
Ar. 339
Arithmetic, method of
teaching
Burn. 275, f. 336
Arius falling into hell
Tit. D xxvii, f. 75 *

ar

47

AR

Ark of Noah
",695, f- 79^
17 E vii, f. 11 *
30,084, f. 69
Harl. 3240, f. 6
Harl. 4381, f. 13
{19 E vi, f. 15
{15,268, f. 7*
18,851, f. 61 *
19 C i, f. 57 *
{28,162, f. 7*
25,697, f. 68
Eg. 912, f. 14

Ark of Noah, (continued.)
Plans of the
Tit. D iii, ff. 3-4 *
14,819
Filled with birds and animals
{Claud. B iv, ff. 14, 15
Ark (of the covenant)
15,277
Ark (of God)
17,280, f. 221 *-
Taken by the Philistines,
and brought back
Harl. Roll, y 6

ARMOUR. — Under this heading a series of examples
is given, arranged under country and date. The list does not
attempt to be exhaustive, or it would include the majority of
the illuminated MSS. in the Museum, but a few good instances,
one of each date, are given. The Italian series terminates early,
for at an early period in the 15th century, fanciful and pseudo-
classical armour was there introduced into pictures; and this
would be comparatively useless for antiquarian or artistic
purposes.

Irish, 9th century
Vitel. E xi, f. 1
English, nth century
Harl. 603
24,i99
Claud. B iv
Tib. C vi.
Tit. D xvi
Cleop. C viii
English, 12th century
Nero C iv
Harl. Roll. v. 6
English, 13th century
1 D x, ff. 5-52
12 F xiii, f. 11 *
16 30 *, 33, 42 *
Faust. B vii, ff. 72, 73
{2 A 22, f. 220
{24,686 Ar. 157
Harl. 5102, f. 32

English, 14th century
28,681, f. 5 *
Nero D ii, f. 48 *
Ar. 83, ff. 125*, 126, 133*,
134 18,633
English, late 14th century
23,145, ff. 36, 37*, 162
29,704, ff. 23, 24
English, early 15 th century
16,998, f. 87
1 E ix, ff. 145, 232, 240,
306 Slo. 2683, ff. 14 *, 38 *
{Harl. 1319
22,720, f. 32 *
English, middle 15 th century
Harl. 2982, ff. 21, 29
Harl. 1 25 1, ff. 45, 48
Slo. 2565, f. 49 *
English, late 15th century
Tib. B iii, f. 148

AR

48

AR

Armour, (continued.)
English, 1 6th century
2 A xvi, f. 48
Flemish, 10th century
18,043, f. 64*
Flemish, 1 2th century
17,738, f- 179 ^
Flemish, 13th century
24,678, f. 14
Flemish, late 13th century
2 B in, f. 13 *
Flemish, 14th century
Harl. 1526
29,407Kings 5, f. 7
Flemish, middle 14th century
Harl. 3978, f. 24
Harl. 4996, ff. 15 *, 19, 37
Flemish, early 15 th century
Slo. 2692, f. 65 *
+ 24,189.
{14 D iv, v
Eg. 2045, ff. 106, 138, 172*
233^
Flemish, middle 15th century
Slo. 2321, f. 61 *
Harl. 2985, f. 61 *
Harl. 2876, f. 95
{Harl. 1211
Harl. 2846
Flemish, late 15th century
18,85119,416
24,098, ff. 4 *, 23 *
{17 F ii
{19 E v
Flemish, cire. 1500
17,012, ff. 28*, 30*, 79*
Flemish, 16th century
{Kings 9
12,531
French, 13th century
{Slo. 1977, ff. 5 *, etc.
Slo. 278, f. 46
Lans. 782

Armour, (continued.)
Ar. 484
16 E viii, f. 39
i7,34i, ff 63, 135 *
French, late 13 th century
3o,345, f- 8 *
French, early 14th century
20 D vi, f. 63 *
19 B xv, f. 16
17,333
20 D ii
22,493 ",843
French, 14th century
{19 E vii
+Eg. 745
19 D iv
+ 15,244, f- 3
25,594
{18 D viii, f. 1
Lans. 1 1 75
17 E vii, ff. 17, in, 336^
{28,162, f. 8*
Vitel. E ii
Burn. 257
Vitel. A xiii, f. 2 *
Eg. 1500
16 G vi
20 C vii
19 B xvii, f. 109
Harl. 4940
Harl. 4381, ff. 106*, 113,
124, 128*, 134, 137
Harl. 4382, ff. 133*, 143,199
Harl. 4389
15,26819 C i, f. 33
12,029
{19,669 15,268, ff. 16, 71, etc., 101 *
Harl. 4979
{Slo. 2430, f. 2 *
French, early 15th century
Harl. 2952
{20 C viii, f. 2 *
21,143, f- 239*
Nero E ii

AR

49

AR

Armour, (continued.)
20 C i
25,884 i5,269
French, middle 15 th century
17,399
{18,850, f. 289
Harl. 5762, f. 104
{25,887 Harl. 2974, f. 103
Harl. 2900
Harl. 2915, ff. 161, 163,167*
{15 D iii, ff. 130*, 225
Burn. 352, f. 233
{Harl. 4372
Harl. 4373
Harl. 4374
Harl. 4375
French, late 15th century
Harl. 2933
27,697, ff. 64*, 71 *, 210
{Harl. 2950, ff. 63, 93 *, 103
{Harl. 4379, 4380
IS D vi
17 E v, ff. 112, etc.
{17 E iv
{19 C vi
French, early 16th century
Harl. 2863, f. 65
25,710, f. 72
French, various, 15 19
Harl. 6205
Burgundian, 14th century
{Harl. 2897, f. 258
Italian, early 14th century
{6 E ix
Italian, 14th century
ti5,277 + 21,96527,695 12,023, f- 174^
15,477
+ 19,587, ff 77, etc.
27,376
Harl. 3571
24,642, f- 3

Armour, (continued.)
Italian, late 14th century
17,466, f. 12 *
Italian, early 15th century
Burn. 198
{15,685, f. 97 *
German, 12th century
Eg. 809, £ 27 *
Lans. 381, ff. 7 *, n
German, 14th century
Slo. 3983
15,243, f. 23
17,687
German, early 15th century
Eg 859
Dutch, middle 15th century
15,267, f- 77 l>
Spanish, 12 th century
11,695
Spanish, 141 5
{28,962, ff. 78, 81*, 339*
Saracen, 14th century
27,376
Oriental {Eg. 1070, f. 139
Man in ring-armour
12 D ii, f. 57
Workmen making
20 C v, f. 15
Armourers at work
16 G v, f. n
Army, or body of soldiers
25,884 12,531
17 E v, ff. 112, etc.
18,851, f. 176
Harl. 4376, f. 356 *
17 F i
On the march
14 E i, f. 256
14 D iv
14 D v
16 G ix, ff. 42 *, 76 *, etc,
5

AR

50

AS

Army, (continued.)
17 F i, ff. 59, 93 ^, etc.
Harl. 4431, f. 105 *
Harl. 326, ff. 67 *, 90
Arrangement of, in battle array
16 G viii, f. 189
Drawn up in opposition to
another {Harl. 4375, f. 123
In boats
14 D iv, f. 39
Before a city
26,667, f- 16 *
In a palisading, or camp
enclosure 15 E iv, f. 229*
Arrow, man pierced by an
Eg. 2022, ff. 20, 24*
Arsenius, Saint
22,557, f- 31
Artaxerxes, King, send
ing letters
{15 D iii, f. 244*
19 C -vi, f. 20
Arthur, King
20 A ii, f. 4
Harl. 1766, ff. 217, etc.
Tomb of
Harl. 1766, f. 219
Artist, lady, painting a
picture 16 G v, ff. 68 *, 73 *
20 C v, ff. 90, 96
Artois, death of the
Count of
Nero D ii, f. 191
Asida, a fabulous animal
or bird so-called
Slo. 278, f. 53 *

Asp,- or Cerastes
12 C xix, f. 65 *
Charming of the
Harl. 3244, f. 61 *
Slo. 3544, f- 37 0
Ass, with a garland, 1560
Slo. 2421
See also Jesus Christ, Flight
into Egypt, Entry into Jeru
salem.
Man riding on an
21,247
Assassination, scenes of
24,642, f. 175
17 F i, f. 185
16 G v, f. 27
20 B xx, f. 38
20 C iii, f. 156
20 C v
{Aug. A v, f. 302
Nero E ii
Harl. 4379, f. 152 *
Burn. 169, ff. 18*, 108
20 C i, f. 287
Of Jul. Caesar
16 G vii, f. 389
Of a player
16 G ii, f. 1
Assembly, an
16 G i, f. 1
Asses
{Harl. 3448
Astrolabe, figure of an
20 B vii, f. 2
Astrologer, Priest
24,642, f. 241
Astrological emblems
Harl. 3469
Astrology personified
11,866, f. 11 *

cuott ctmyf^^ojj £Jxzn wVO\J • i vwiuoy
Tp\l |<qL>>OUJft JJ O JJ <*p OLp IO JJ C J^gi ^
Y>in- o jj julc J> 6 * S^^. d» p • o'jj^V ^^C^
«JT^/L3 jj • o W Fc ii nxrc • "core °"9* f C OiW-*

AS

AU

Astronomer, figure of an
Harl. 334, ff. n, 27*
15 E iv, f. 22
17 E iii, f. 136*
Viewing heavenly bodies
Burn. 275, f. 390*
Astronomical figures
{Harl. 647
Harl. 2506
Tib. B v
Diagrams and figures
Harl. 4940, ff. 29, etc.
Harl. 334, ff. 84, etc.
Coloured drawings
{21,329 Slo. 3983
Instruction Aug. vi, ff. 173, 200 *
Instruments 20 B xx, f. 3
{Aug. vi, f. 173
Instruments held by animals
Burn. 275, f. 390 *
ASTYAGES, King
Harl. 1766, ff. 124*, 128
Dream of his wife
14 E v, f. 94
Atalanta, figure of
Harl. 1766, f. 63 *
Athamas, figure of
Harl. 1766, f. 30
Athanasius, Saint
Eg. 1 147, f. 245
17 C xxxviii, f. 34*
Athelstan, King
20 A ii, f. 4 *
Claud. D ii, f. 10 •
Atreus, scenes from the
mythological story of
Harl. 1766, f. 53
Attalus, figure of
Harl. 1766, f. 209

Atys, death of
Harl. 1766, f. 132
Aubert, (David) works of,
illuminated 15 E y
19 E ii
16 E iii
Portrait of
15 E v, f. 3
Augustine, Saint, Bishop
of Hippo
Tib. B iii, f. 142 *
Faust. B vii. f. 59
Nero D ii, f. 49
Harl. 2897. f. 380
Harl. 4381, f. 4
19 C i, f. 94
15,244, f. 2
11,866, f. 173 *
15,815, f. 54*
17,280, f. 458
22,557, f- 18
2 9,433, f- 208*
{30,014, f. 130*
Harl. 5764, f. 26
Harl. 5370, f. 165 *
Eg. 859, f. 22
Eg. 1070, f. 100
Holding heart
18,851, f. 445*
Baptism of
18,851, f. 194,
Consecration of
29,704, f. 29
Preaching {Harl. 2897, f. 157 *
Vision of child by sea shore
18,851, f. 241
Augustus Caesar
Emperor
{26,667, f. 33*
Decreeing the taxing of Judaea
Harl. 7026, f. 5
Ausonius, Saint
Kings 7, f. 93 *

AU

52

AV

AUTHOR (or Translator) presenting his book to
his royal, or noble, patron. This subject, treated more or
less conventionally is a favourite subject at the beginning of
historical, philosophical, and literary works. Usually the author
kneels, book in hand, before his patron, who is seated on a
throne in a hall, and surrounded by courtiers and servants.'
Many of the illustrations are of good execution, and -indicate an
intimate knowledge of the art and composition of genre
pictures. In some there is a vivacity of action quite remarkable.
They all contain details of costume, furniture, interior decoration,
and the constructive sciences, useful to the artist and illustrative
of the manners and customs of the period. The perspective,
though not always correct, does not err so far as to be dis
pleasing to the eye.

Vitel. C iii, f. n*
Ar. 481, f. 3
19 B xvi
20 B i, f. 1
14 E v, f. 5
14 E vi, f. 10
15 E ii
E iv, f. 14
E v, f. 3
E vi, f. 2 *
F v, f. 1
v, f. 2

15
1515
16

16 G
17 E
17 E
17 F
18 C

iii, f. 9

v, ff. 7, 205
i, f. 14
xviii, f. 1
18 D vii, f. 2
19 A iv, f. 1
{19 C vi
19 C viii, f. 1
19 D i, f- 13 °
19 E i, f. 1
19 E vi, f. 10
20 A xii
20 B xv, f. 2
20 C iii, f. 12
20 C v, ff. 2 *, 5
20 C viii, f. 2
Galba E iii, f. 1
Nero E ii, f. 1
Vesp. B i, f. 15
Tit. A xvii
Harl. 3718, f. 1 *
Harl. 4335, f. 10

Harl. 4372, 4374, 4385
10,34118,750, f. 1
Burn. 169, f. 11
21,247, f- 69
+ 21,463
21,692
Lans. 1178, f. 19
Author writing his work
{14 E i, f. 3
Authoress offering book
to patrons
{Harl. 4431, ff. 2, 7, etc.
Autonomus, Saint, mar
tyrdom of
11,870, f. 104
Avallon, Island of
13 A iii, f. 119*
Avarice personified
Eg. 2022, f. 6
19 B xiii, £ 6 *
20 A xvii, f. 3 *
Harl. 4425, f. 9
Avia, Saint, receiving
communion in prison
{Eg. 2019, f. 219*

AX

53

BA

Axe, figure of an
Cleop. C xi, f. 37
13 B viii, ff. 27-29
10 E iv
17 F ii, f. 71
12,023, f. 2
Harl. 4751, f. 5*
18 D vii, f. 2
See also Seasons. B.
Babel, Tower of
122,329, f. 19
Harl. 621, ff. 2 *, 3 *
Eg. 912, f. 17
Various elevations of the
tower of
Nero D ii, ff. 6, 6 *
Building of
{Burn. 3, f. 10*
{15 D iii, f. 15*
18,850, f. 17*
Babylas, Saint, martyr
dom of
11,870, f. 52
Babylon, building of
26,667, f. 13 *
Babylonian town
Tib. B v, f. 84 *
Bags or sacks with trea
sures 10 E iv, ff. 22 * 23, 28, 28*
See Money Bags.
Baiting animals
20 B xx, f. 41
Balaam and the ass
Harl. 3240, f. 7
6 E vi, f. 178

Balance
Aug. vi, f. 457
And weights
17 E iii, f. 314*
Balbina, Saint
15,456, f- 1
Balcony, a
Vesp. B ii, f. 10
Baldirdam, a Turk,
historical events in life of
Jul. E iv, ff. 209, 210
Baldwin, king of Jeru
salem
15 E i, f. 258
Ball, (John) portrait of
{18 Ei, f. 165*
Balliol, (John de)
coronation of
Nero D ii, f. 185 *
Ball, games at
20 D iv, f. 207
10 E iv
Banner
Harl. 603, f. 28
24,199, f- 18
Faust. B vii, ff. 72, 73
17,33*3, f- 40*
19 B xv, ff. 26 *-37
{14 D v, ff. 74, 130, 216, etc.
15 E iv, f. 14
Of the Scola di San Zuane
Battista di Murano
17,046, f. 2
Of St. George and Dragon
27,695, f. 16
Barbadicus (Franciscus) ,
Captain of Feltri, a.d. 15 15
Harl. 3403

BA

54

BA

Barbadicus, (continued.)
(Marcus), Doge of Venice,
a.d. i486
21,463
Barbara, Saint
Harl. 76, f. 9
24,686, f. 2 *
28,784 B, f. 8
4836, f. 12
{11,865, f. 9i
14,803, f. 105
15,216, f. 61
15,677, f- S°b
15,702, f. 248*
17,012, f. 40 *
17,026, f. 80
17,280, f. 363 *
17,353, f- 143^
{18,852, f. 420*
18,854, f. 149
19,416, f. 140 *
19,962, f. 178*
20,694, f. 143 *
20,859, f- 86*
22,494, f- 3°
22,590, f. 252 *
25,710, f. 81*
27,697, f. 100*
28,784 A, ff. 70, 676
Harl. i2ii,f. 89*
Harl. 125 1, f. 54
Harl. 2846, f. 46 *
Harl. 2854, f. 252
Harl. 2865, f. 72 *
Harl. 2876, f. 85
{Harl. 2900, f. 66
Harl. 2917, f. 180
Harl. 2919, f. 148
Harl. 2935, f. 115
Harl. 2948, f. 177
Harl. 2955, f. 141
Harl. 2962, f. 39
Harl. 2966, f. 12
Harl. 2985, f. 39*
Harl. 2989, f. 122 *
Harl. 3000, f. 40 *
Slo. 2418, f. 137 *
Slo. 2471, f. 41 *

Barbara, Saint, (cont.)
Slo. 2474, f. 29 *
Slo. 2571, f. 20*
Slo. 2565, f. 27 *
Slo. 2633, f. 33 *
Slo. 2916, f. 127*
2 A xviii, f. 19*
Tib. B 3, f. 146 *
Kings 6, f. 146
Kings 7, f. 100
{Kings 9, f. 60*
Ar. 341. f. 22
Ar. 318, f. 28*
Eg. 1068, f. 90
Eg. 1 147, f. 224
With chalice and Host
+ 24,153, f- i°6*
Life of — (beautiful face)
{18,851, f. 297
Martyrdom of
4836, f. 191
Barn, a
{14 E vi, f. 62
Barnabas, Saint, Apostle
19 B xvii, f. 143 *
4836, f. 6
11,865, f- 3*
11,866, f. 164*
i5,8i5, f- 42
18,192, f. 211
25,697, f. 299
Eg. 1070, f. 94
Barnacles, production of
13 B viii, f. 8*
Barre, Duke of
Jul. E vi, f. 205 *
Barricade before forti
fications Harl. 4431, f. 138
Bartholomew, Saint,
Apostle
19 B xvii, f. 225 *

BA

55

BA

Bartholomew, (cont.)
Harl. 2449, f. 231
* 4836, f. 8*
11,865, f. 4*
11,866, f. 162
15,702, f.230
i5,8i5, f- 53 ^
18,192, f. 209
18,851, f. 442 *
29,433, f- 198*
Eg. 859, f. 35
Eg. 1070, f. 99 *
Martyrdom 20 D vi, f. 50
21,926, f. 10*
{Harl. 2897, f. 379
Lansd. 1179, f. 73 *
Appearing to St. Guthlac
{Harl. Roll y 6.
Baruch, illustration of
{15 D iii, f. 363*
1 E ix, f. 207 *
Reading to King Joachim, etc.
Harl. 4382, f. 84 *
Basil, Saint
Eg. 859, f. 16
29,735, f- 26*
Basilisk {12 C xix, f. 63
Basket
Jul. A vi, f. 8 *
For corn
Tib. B v, f. 8 *
For the back, French
Harl. 4431, f. 223
Basket and Crown,
device of Charles, Dauphin
of France (?)
Lans. 1 1 78
Bat
Harl. 3244, f. 55 *
Harl. 4751, f. 50

Bat, (continued.)
Slo. 3544, f. 30
Harl. 3448, f. 42 *
10 E iv, f. 3 *
20 B xx, f. 51 *
Bath
16 G vii, f. 219
Harl. 4431, f. 122 *
14 E v, ff. 447, 461
Harl. 4425, f. 59 *
16 G v, f. no '
Double 20 C v, f. 143
In a fountain
Harl. 4431, f. 128
Lady in a
10,293, f- 244
Full of females
• Harl. 4431, f. 185
Bathers
Harl. 4431, f. 107 *
Bathsheba figure of
Eg. 2019, f. 104
Harl. 5049, f. 72
{Harl. 5763, f. 30*
Receiving note from David
{Harl. 2969, f. 91'
Slo. 2418, f. 81
20,729, f. 10*
21,235, f. 78*
27,698, f- 13
See David.
Batilda, Saint
Eg. 1070, f. 87
Battle Scenes. Almost
all Romances and Historical
MSS., and several Biblical
MSS., contain illustrations of
this subject; many are of
very spirited execution
Lans. 782
Eg. 745, f- 5 b

BA

56

BE

Battle Scenes, (cont.)
Eg. 1500, f. 46
10,292-412,029
15,477
Harl. 1808, f. 30 *
Harl. 2897, f. 258
Harl. 4979
Harl. 4389
Nero D ii, f. 189*
{ 1 7 E vii, f. in
16 G vii
16 Gvi
20 C vii
20 A v
20 D ii
20 D iv
19 C i, f. 203 *
20 A xvii, f. 176*
{Harl. 4375, f. 123
{Aug. A v, f. 407
18 D ii, f. 67 *
19 Di
13 A iii, f. 68
14 E iv
15 E iv, ff. 119, etc.
15 E vi
17 Fi
{17 Fii
18 G ii, f. 108 *
19 E vi, ff. 281, etc.
20 C ii
20 B xx
20 C i, ff. 225, etc.
19 E vi, f. 10
14 E v. ff. 64, etc.
14 E iii
20 C ix
18 E iii, iv
15 Ei
20 D xi, f. 140 *
16 G v, f. 31 *
19 C vi, f. 83
1 E ix, f. 240
2 A xvi, f. 48
14 D iv, f. 275
14 D v, ff. 130, etc.
{15 D iii, ff. 103*, 410*
15 D vii

Battle Scenes, (cont.)
{16 G viii, ff. 67, 86*, 116,
133, 189
Harl. 4431, ff 103 *, 112
Harl. 4373, f. 47 &
{Harl. 4374-5
Harl. 4939, f. 13
{Harl. 1319
Harl. 6205
Harl. 326
6797 n,355, f- 79
11,696, f. 40
12,228 12,531
15,268, f. 204
15,269
18,75°20,916, f. 2
+22,318 30,864Lans. 1179, f. 135
{Aug. A v
Jul. E iv, ff. 203 *, 219*, etc.
{Nero D ix, f. 77 *
Nero E ii
Eg. 912
Eg. 1069, f. 130
Kings 24, f. 178
Slo. 2433
Burn. 169
Burn. 198
Burn. 257, ff. 261, etc.
Battles, Tree of
20 C viii, f. 2 *
Beadle
{6 E vi, f. 194
Bear
Ar. 339, ff 73, 73 *
10 E iv, ff. 66 *, etc.
19 C viii, f. 1
15,434, f- 79
27,699
Attacking a woman
10 E iv, f. 106*

BE

57

BE

Bear, (continued.)
Attacking apes
io E iv, f. 151 *
Dancing, lead by an ape
10 Eiv, ff. 154, 155*
Muzzled 10 Eiv, f. 155
And unicorn in combat
10 E iv, f. 157
Caught in trap
27,699, f. 100
Taught to dance
Burn. 275, f. 359 *
20 D iv, f. 237 *
Performing Harl. 4379, f. 126
Beast with seven heads
See Apocalypse.
Beasts ¦S& Animals, Creation.
Beatrice, Saint
19,416, f. 139*
18,851, f. 418
Beauchamp (Richard)
Earl of Warwick, Life of,
with drawings by John Rous
{Jul. E iv, art. 6
Beauvais, (Vincent de)
translation of his " Speculum
Historiale "
Lans. 1 1 79
14 E i
' Beaver, method of hunt
ing the
{Harl. 4751, f. 9*
Slo. 278, f. 54
Harl. 273, f. 76
Harl. 3244, f. 40
Harl. 3448, f. 9 *
12 C xix, f. 10*
12 F xiii, f. 14

Bedford, Qohn) Duke of
Portrait 18,850, f. 256*
Anne of Burgundy, Duchess
of. Portrait
18,850, f. 257 *
Beehives +3°,337
{Kings 24, f. 47 *
Slo. 3544, f. 33 *
27,699, ff. 102, 102 *
Tib. B v, f. 85 *
{12 C xix, f. 45
{11,283, f- 23*
Harl. 3244, f. 57*
Harl. 3448, f. 21
Bear among
{Harl. 3448, f. 10*
Bees, hiving of
Harl. 273, f. 74
Stinging a man
Aug. A v, f. 372
Beetles {28,841
See Insects.
Beggars, giving alms to.
Kings 156
Bel, temple of
Tib. B v, f. 84
Belinus and Brennius,
combat and reconciliation of
Nero D ii. f. 23 *
Bell
Clockwork for a
Harl. 4431, f. 98 *
See Musical Instruments.
Bell-cot with three bells
19 C i, f. 57 *
Bell-ringer
20 D iv, f. 194

BE

58

BE

-Bell-tower
12,228, f. 8
Bellona destroying in
struments of agriculture
Harl. 2702, f. 2
Bellows
10 E iv, ff. 142, etc.
25,594, f- 27
14 D v, f. 305
14 E iv, f. 186
Eg. 745, f- 9
Lans. 1 1 79, f- 16 *
Harl. 2979, f. 9
Harl. 4751, f. 69
Benedict, Saint
Ar. 155, f. 133
19 B xvii, f. 86 *
17,006, f. 165 *
29,253, f- 325 ^
Tib. B iii, f. 142 *
Eg. 1070, f. 89
Eg. 2125, f. 206 *
4836, f. 7
15,813, f. 229*
25,697, f. 280
27,697, f. 19
29,433, f- 211*
Baptising + 15,813, f- 12
Miraculously mending bro
ken pitcher
20 D vi, f. 169 *
Last communion of
20 D vi, f. 152
Death of
17,006, f. 149 *
Translation of
20 D vi, f. 206
Benichius, or Bennig,
(Simon) of Bruges, illumina
tions by
12,531

Benignus, Saint
Kings 7, f. 93 b
Bercheure, (Pierre)
translator of Livy.
15 D vi, ff. 12, 241, 462
Lans. 1 1 78
Harl. 4893
Bergamo, personification
of city of, about a.d. 1603
23,970
Berhtoldus, an early
Abbot of Offenburen in
Bavaria, 1229-1248
{19,767, last folio
Berkeley, a knight of
the house of
{2 A xxii, f. 220
Bernard, Saint
19 C i, f. 93 *
19 B xvii, f. 220 *
15,815, f. 52*
22,557, f. 24
24,098, f. 1
29,433, f- 211*
With book and chained devil
15,677, f. 143*
With chained fiend and dog
18,851, f. 441 (
Trampling on the devil
17,280, f. 21 *
Vision of
/ 17,353, f- 146*
20,729, f. 145 *
Slo. 278, f. 7
Bernardino, Saint, of
Sienna
27,697, f. 19
Harl. 2967, f. 198*
15,686, f. 31
18,19719,962, f. 175
29,735, f- 7

BE

59

BI

Berry, town of
{16 G viii, f. 255
Berry, Qohn) Duke
Harl. 4379, f. 170*
18 D vii, f. 2
20 A xii, f. 1
i8,75o

Of

Bertram, Saint
Harl. 5370, f. 163
Besancon, view of the
city, in a.d. 15 19 (?)
Harl. 6205, f. 53

BIBLES and BIBLE HISTORY, Illustrated.—
The Manuscripts included under this heading consist chiefly of
copies of the Vulgate, or of the French and Flemish paraphrases
known as the " Bible Historiale," " Bible Moralize"," and the
" Historia Scholastica." In some of them there are few pictures,
but many are profusely illustrated, with very literal pictures of
various Bible subjects. Another class included in the list,
consists of the work known as "Speculum Humane Salvationis,"
which contains a series of pictures of the events in the Life of
Our Lord, in very full detail ; each event being accompanied
by its type from the Old Testament. Many of these types are
of a very curious character, and are of great interest, as illustrating
the quaint and often far-fetched interpretations of the letter of
Scripture current in the Middle Ages. Strangely inappropriate
and even profane * to modern ideas as some of these are, they
show very clearly that a system of minute and careful study of
the Bible did not originate with Wycliff and Luther.

10,546
Claud. B iv, (Pentateuch)
17,738
Harl. 2803
Harl. 2804
Burn. 3
1 B xii
1 Di
3 A ii (Leviticus)
18,719
Harl. 1526
Harl. 1527
Slo. 346
11,843
Lans. 1 175
6 E vi
Cott. App. 5
19 D ii
15,247

19 D iv
19 D v
17 E vii
Harl. 4381
Harl. 4382
19 D viii (New Testament)
19,669
Eg. 1894 (Genesis)
18,720
Harl. 4940
16 G vii
Eg. 1500
14,819iS,277 1 Eix
i5,4io 16,951
18,85618,857

1 E.g., Judges xvi. 1, as a type of the entombment of Christ, thoug-h doubtless
suggested by verse 3, being so good a type of the resurrection.

BI

60

BI

Bibles and Bible His
tory, (continued.)
19 D vi
19 D vii
19 D iii
15 D iii
15,2491 C vi
15,254-15,25815,24815,259
18 Dix
18 Dx
15 Di
Harl. 1766
Eg. 912
Speculum Humana Salvationis
Kings 5
Harl. 4996
16,578
Harl. 3240
Ar. 120
Slo. 361
Harl. 2838
Bills and Choppers
14 E vi, f. 76 *
Birds. Many of these
are of course conventional,
but they afford a fine study
of artistic colouring; and
the conception is good in
the later examples.
Harl. 1810, ff. 18-22
Harl. 2788
11,848, ff. 18-22
Harl. 2821, ff. 8*-i6
Tib. B v
Slo. 1975
{Harl. 1585
{24,686 {Harl. 4751
Slo. 278
Vitel. D i
Ar- 339, ff. 76, etc.
10 A vii (in outline)
10 D viii

Birds, (continued.)
1 3 B viii, ff. 8 *, etc.
16 E viii
Harl. 6563
Burn. 275
24,681 (small)
+ 17,333, ff- 36, 40
{28,841+ 27,695 15,274
12,02915 D ii, ff. 163, 192*
16 G vii
{19 B xv, f. 37*
20 D iv
Harl. 2715, f. 1
Harl. 2702, f. 175
Aug. vi, f. 228
{Burn. 97
Ii5,8i6, f. 5
17,353 18,000
{18,852{29,301 15 E iii, f. 11
17 E iii, f. 54
In the borders
Harl. 2536
Slo. 1977
10 E iv
14 E ii
11,696,
15,269 15,434
Harl. 4379
Harl. 4380
Harl. 4425, f. 12 *
Harl. 4939, f. 12
Bum. 169
14 E iv
14 E v, f. 291
15 E iii, iv
{16 F ii
16 F iv, ff. 3, 38 *
19 C viii, ff. 11, 18*
{18 E i-iv
{19 E v
20 B ix

BI

61

BI

Birds, (continued.)
{20 C iii
20 E irvi
Allegorical Harl. 2637, ff. 8 *, 10, etc.
Fantastic 12 D ii
Harl. 2950
With human body
Vitel. D i, f. 3 .
With human face
Vitel. D i, f. 2
In cage
Harl. 273, f. 73 *
In a room
20 B xx, f. 83
On trees
20 A xvii, f. 7 *
Held by a king
20 B xx, f. 9 *
Birdcage
Harl. 4375, f. 179
27,695, f- 15 b
29>433, f- 20
BlRDS'-NESTS Harl. 603, f. 5 1 *
Slo. 278, ff. 13*, etc.
Harl. 3448
16 F viii, f. 15 *
Bird-nets
14 E vi, f. 259 *
19,720, f. 264*
Bird-traps
27,695, f. 15*
Birth-scene. These sub
jects are useful for genre
subjects, and contain ex
cellent examples of furniture
and domestic manners and
customs, costume, etc.
12,029, f. 54

Birth-scene, (continued?)
23,929, f. 6
16 G vii, f 219
Jul. E iv, f. 222
Harl. 326, f. 8
14 E i, ff. 133, 177*
15 E iv, f. 72
16 G viii, f. 32
17 E iv, f. 13
17 F ii, f. 1
18 E vi, f. 8
20 B xx, f. 86*
{20 C iii, f. 15
Of seven children at once
15 E vi, f. 273
Bishop, vested
+Eg. 1 139
18,853, f. 5 *
10 A xiii, f. 2 *
Harl. 4972, ff. 4-6
Harl. 5102, f. 68
1 D x, f. '2 1 *
Lans. 782
Ar. 157, f. 115
Claud. D ii, f. 12
Nero D ii, ff. 50, etc.
{Tib. B viii
Vitel. E ii, f. 39
{6 E ix, f. 8
{10 E iv, ff. 2, 3, etc.
15,27421,965, f- 5
24,681, f. 17 *
28,784, A, f. 62 *
{28,784, B, f. 5
29,253, f- 342
29,704, ff. 26, 31, 33
29,902, f- 5
Harl. 3751, f. 1
Harl. 4996, f. 42
Harl. 6863, f. 59
{Eg. 859, ff. 3, 5, 16
Eg. 1 147, f. 245
Jul. E iv, ff. 216, 217
{Tib. B iii, f. 142 *
18 D ii, f. 75
4836, ff. 3-10
18,851, f. 198

BI

62

BO

Bishop, (continued.)
{17,943, f. 134*
21,974, f. 21*
24,686, f. 2
Harl. 2938, f. 1 *
Harl. 4939, f. 1
In cassock and hat
Eg. 2045, f. 185 *
In rochet and plain mitre
15,813, f- 29° ^
In alb and crossed stole
17,008, f. 3
With crossed stole
Slo. 2605, f. 17
Leading forces to battle
Eg. 1500, f. 46
In armour, killing two men
24,642, f. 210
In armour
Nero D ii, f. 120 *
Preaching 19 B xvii, f. 63 *
Caricatured as a fox, preaching
{10 E iv, f. 49 *
Reception of, by a Pope
15,274, f- 135 b
Dying, dictating will
15,274, f- 161*
Head of a
+ 23,923, ff- 28^,45*, 70, etc.
See Ecclesiastical Person
ages.
Blacksmith and forge
20,698, f. 87 *
Blasius, or Blaise, Saint
n,866, f. 178
15,677, f- 145^
18,192, f. 216*
{Aug. A v, f. 388
28,784 A, f. 75
Eg. 809 (on cover)
Eg. 1070, f. 87 *

Blasius, or Blaise, (cont)
Martyrdom of
29,433, f- 204
{Kings 9, f. 47 b
Boar, wild '
Harl. 4431, f. 126 *
Aug. vi, f. 11
20 B xx, ff. 51, 57
27,697
Burn. 275, f. 293
And wyvern
Nero A iv, f. 66
Killing a man
14 E v, f. 494
Boar-hunts 27,699
10 E iv, f. 45 *
Boar's head
18 D ii, f. 2 *
Boar-spear
Harl. 4431, f. 126*
Bocace, (Jehan) portrait
of, offering his book to the
Countess of Hauteville
16 G v
20 C v
Works of, illustrated through
out with late coloured drawings
Harl. 621
Harl. 1766
14 E v
Bocchus, King of Mauri
tania, in a carriage
15,268, f. 292
Boethius, de Consola-
tione, illuminated
21,602
Harl. 4335-4339
Bonaventura, Saint
15,686, f. 32 *
Kings 7, f. 98

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63

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Boniface, Saint,
martyrdom of
Lans. 1179, f. 191
Boniface VIII. pre
siding over the College of
Cardinals23,923, f- 1
Boniface, Pope
Harl. 1766, f. 247 *
Harl. 4380, f. 4
Books, figures of
Tib. C vi.
Harl. Roll, v 6
17,333, f- 4
{6. E ix, ff. 27, 30
10 E iv, ff. 4 *, etc.
Harl. 4431, f. 292

Books, (continued.)
Harl. 5600, f. 15 *
15,685, ff. 60 *, 83
20,698, ff. 70, 248 *
25,885, f 3
With flap covers
Harl. 6199, f. 7
On shelves
{14 Ei, f. 3
Manner of storing
14 F i, f. 14
See Author.
Book-weights
18 E iv, f. 24
Bordeaux, surrender of
20 C ix, f. 267

BORDERS. — Borders form a very important feature,
or subdivision, of the illustration of Manuscripts. Panels and
frames are found very early, but the true border commences in
the thirteenth century, as an addition to the simple initial letter;
the rudimentary border being found as an extended limb of a
letter, or as a flourish of lines running down the margin of the
page. In the early fourteenth century this decoration becomes
gradually more lavish ; the short arms run up and down the
outside margin and, later on, extend along the upper and lower
margins. Still the ornamental branch grows from the initial
which may happen to be in the page. The border then increases ;
foliage and tendrils, mixed wkh buds, spring from all parts : and
early in the next century the border culminates in a perfect
framework showing but slight signs of connection with the initial
letter from which it originates. This is the general history of
borders. In some examples their beauty is enhanced by the
insertion of designs of a grotesque character (see Grotesques),
and illustrations derived from manners and customs, daily
occupations, duels, combats, games, hunting scenes, and
occasionally even caricatures, evincing a profound sense of
humour. Not even the most sacred texts are exempt from
these scenes, for the margin of the Manuscript was evidently
regarded as a convenient and befitting place for an exhibition of
the skill of the artist in depicting satire, burlesque, and caricature,
not always of the most delicate kind.
In different countries the details vary considerably. In the
English style the fullest border is a broad band with many

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64

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shaded, curling, plume-like crockets springing from it, inter
mingled occasionally with oak leaves, acorns, pods, and above
all the daisy bud, which is found even in manuscripts of the
fourteenth century. But, as a rule, flowers are not so much
used in this style as in the continental styles. The French and
Flemish styles are remarkably light and elegant. At first lines
of great delicacy connect golden leaves and sprigs with the
principal branch ; coloured flowers are scattered among the
leaves, with birds, and figures of Grylli, or fantastic monsters,
climbing among the branches. At a later period the coloured
background is introduced to set off with greater effect the
elaborate work of Jewels, Flowers, Fruit, Insects, and
Birds, which the painters employed with great effect. It is
curious that the German style should have differed from this by
the adoption of unconnected branches of flowers disposed upon
the margins. The Italian style differs from those already mentioned
very materially. The flowered pattern is heightened by numerous
dots, or spots of gold sprinkled round the page with small
flowers set among them. Into this are also inserted figures of
Amorini, trophies of Armour, and a variety of ornaments
derived from classical prototypes. There is another kind of
ornamental border purely Italian, which is composed in imitation
of the twining and interlacing branches of the vine, at first
employed in the initials only, but afterwards used in the entire
border. It was mostly in white with a coloured back-ground.
In Manuscripts of the fifteenth century occasional designs of
plaited ropes of various colours are found. These may take
their conception from the vine-branch pattern.
In the following list only the best specimens of borders have
been mentioned, a complete list would be almost identical with
the List of Illuminated Manuscripts already given, and the student
would gain but little additional information in proportion to the
space required.

Greek, 7 th century
5IH
10th century
Harl. 5598
nth century
Ar. 542
i9,352
1 2 th century
i6,943
Ar. 549
13th century
22,350
14th century
Burn. 18

English, 8th century
1 E vi
Nero D iv
Vesp. A i
10th century
Vesp. A viii
nth century
1 Dix
Ar. 60
Ar- x55
Harl. 76
1 2th century
1 Bxi

BO 65
Borders, (continued.)
13 th century
Harl. 928
1 D x
Lans. 420
1 Ei
I .ans. 431
24,686
Claud. D vi, f. 1
14th century
14 Ci
Lans. 1 1 74
" Harl. 2899
10 E ix
Ar. 83
2 B vii
10 E vii
Eg. 1 99 1
+ 29,301
Early 15 th century
Nero C v
{2 A xviii (floriated pattern
of delicate work)
16,998
10 C xi
Harl. 2431
18 C xxvi
8 G iii
{1 E ix (graceful floriated
designs) Middle 15 th century
15 E vi
Harl. 2785
Harl. 1797
Harl. 15 13
2 A xvii
Jul. E v
Late 15 th century
Harl. 2982
17,012
18 A xii
Harl. 28 '
Lans. 441
8Gvii 15,216 (natural flowers)
1 6th century
2 A xii (cut flowers)

BO
Borders, (continued.)
Kings 9
21,974
Vesp. A xvii
12 A ix
Tit. D iv
Flemish, 14th century
24,681Harl. 7640
Harl. 2859
Harl. 2878
Early 15 th century
18,213
Harl. 2433
Harl. 2434
Middle 15 th century
15,254-15,258
Slo. 2692
19,738
Harl. 3000
(See Books of Hours in list,
p. 16.)
Late 15th century
{19,917 (arabesques)
Eg. 1 147
{Eg. 2125 (natural flowers,
birds, butterflies and insects)
{17,012 (ditto.)
{17,280 (ditto.)
17,026 (scattered flowers)
{24,075 (cut flowers with
insects, etc.)
17,353 (ditto.)
22,590
20 B ii
Harl. 4425
Slo. 2571
Harl. 5764
Burn. 169
14 E iv (arabesques with
columbine, and other flowers)
15 E iv (ditto.) .
18 Dix
1 6th century
{18,852 (natural flowers,
birds, etc.)
{15,677 (ditto.)

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Borders, (continued.)
24,098
8824
French, 9th century
Harl. 2790
Harl. 2788
Harl. 2795
13 th century
Ar. 490
Harl. 13
Burn. 2
1 Cii
Slo. 2435
14th century
28,162
Burn. 275
{24,686 17,006 19 C iv
17 E vii
15,245
{Harl. 4381
{Harl. 4382
15,244 12,029
20 B vi
Early 15 th century
{16,997 (natural flowers and
leaves, chiefly eglantine, with
arabesques, insects, animals,
etc. A most lovely volume)
{18,850 (chiefly gold ivy
pattern and arabesques with
medallion miniatures, very
delicate work, but much same
ness) {Dom. xvii (gold ivy pattern,
with arabesques, etc.)
{Eg. 1070 (arabesques, etc.)
{15 D iii (vine pattern, etc.)
19 D vi
Harl. 2967
Harl. 2927
Middle 15 th century
18 D vii
Harl. 2900 (ivy pattern)
Eg. 2019

Borders, (continued.)
+ 25,695 (flowers and leaves
of lilac colour, with occasional
figures, etc.)
2i,9°925,695
{29,433 (ivy pattern, with
grotesques, birds,chieflyfinches,
parrots and hoopoes, butter
flies, etc.)
18,751
Harl. 2940 (floriated ara
besques) Late 15th century
Harl. 3 181
Slo. 2732 B
Harl. 4379
Harl. 4380
{Harl. 2863 (instruments of
the Passion in gold)
{Harl. 2936 (grisaille)
{Harl. 2948 (arabesques, with
raised gold)
{Harl. 2950 (arabesques,
grotesques, natural flowers and
animals) 18 E i, ii
1 6th century
11,866
{18,854. (natural flowers,
birds and insects)
Harl. 3390
Harl. 2536
Norman, 14th century
i6,975
Burgundian, 14th century
Harl. 2897 (ivy pattern)
15th century
Harl. 2966
Harl. 2921
Harl. 2967 (floriated, with
birds, etc.)
Italian, 14th century
{18,720 (floriated arabesques
of beautiful colour)
6 E ix

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67

BR

Borders, (continued.)
27,695
28,841
Eg. 2020
10 D iii
Early 15 th century
15,287
17,943
30,038Harl. 2749
24,68424,685
Harl. 2648 (white vine)
27,897 (ditto)
21,246
Harl. 2662
15,278
30,014 (arabesques of bold
design, with a curious orange
vermilion used)
15,260
Middle 15th century
22,32915,816
Harl. 5600
16,914
Harl. 2687
Harl. 2663
25,697
Late 15 th century
I9,4i7
22,567 11,886
Lans. 831
Harl. 5761
Harl 328 (white vine)
{15,246 (white vine, with
amorini, birds, beasts, etc.)
+ 15,814
+ 29,735 (floriated arabesques
with jewels)
1 6th century
Lans. 842 A
{20,927
+'15,813
German, 12 th century
20,692
{Harl. 2799

Borders, (continued.)
13 th century
Harl. 3045
Early 15th century
i7,52S
Middle 15 th century
Harl. 2953
Harl. 2841 '
Late 15 th century
Eg. 1 146
Harl. 2941
i5,7°2
i5,7n
Eg. 2075
1 6th century
{Harl. 3469 (the latest and
one of the most beautiful
specimens of illumination in
the list)
Spanish, 12th century
",695
Early 15th century
Harl. 4796
{28,962 (arabesques, ivy pat
tern, figures and birds)
Middle 15th century
28,271
{21,120
Late 15 th century
{18,851 18,193
Bottles
1 E ix, f. 276
11,695, f. 235
Bouillon, Godfrey de
history of, illustrated
17 F v, ff. 3, etc
Bowls, game at
20 D iv, f. 187
Bricius, Saint
20 D vi, fs 135

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68

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Bridge
15,268, f. 81 *
10 E iv, ff. 226, 227
Eg 943, ff- 37, 38, etc.
Burn. 169, ff. 82, etc.
Eg. 1065, f. 192
Harl. 2971, f. 13
Harl. 3718, f. 1*
Harl. 4374, f. 165
Harl. 4375, f. 196*
{Aug. Av, f. 222
14 E i, f. 256
14 E v, ff. 270, 485, etc.
15 E iii, f. 11
16 F iii, f. 11
17 F ii, f. 299 *
{19 E v
{20 C ix, f. 148
For footpassage, on piles
14 E ii, f. 51 *
Over moat, on piles
, 14 E iii, f. 133 *
Building {Harl. 6205, f. 23
Of rafts, constructing a,
17 F ii, f. 71

Bridget, Saint, of
Sweden, declaring her revela
tions to a Bishop
Claud. B i, f. 116
Britain, heads of the
early kings of
Eg. 1500
Brunehilda, Queen,
death of
14 E v, f. 455 *
18 D vii, f. 203 *
Brushwood, cutting
14 E vi, f. 76*
Brutus, King of Britain
Nero D ii, f. 13*
20 A ii, f. 2
Killing his father in bed
Aug. A v, f. 94 *
Bucephalus, the horse
Harl. 4979, f- J5
25,884, f. 205
15 E vi, f. 7
19 D i, f. 6
20 A v, f. 9 *
20 B xx, f. 12
Burial of
20 B xx, f. 81

BUILDINGS. — This heading contains references to
some of the finer instances of architecture introduced into
drawings and miniatures. A complete list would include nearly
every illuminated Manuscript, and considering the enormous
number of actual mediaeval buildings in existence in England
and elsewhere, to which the student of architecture can so easily
refer, a very extensive list is unnecessary. The instances given
below are selected with a view to illustrating the pictorial treat
ment of architectural objects rather than the objects themselves,
although, of course, in many cases {e.g., in the interior of
churches and castles) a good deal that is of interest may be
found in the illustration of the arrangement of the buildings of
the period in the days before the radical changes in religion, the
art of war, etc. (to say nothing of manners and customs),
so completely transformed all but that solid masonry which has
alone defied time and change. It may generally be taken for
granted that the buildings which occur in a Manuscript, are those

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69

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of the style in use about the time of the production of the Manu
script itself. There is seldom any attempt at a real picture of
any particular building, or any idea of antiquarian correctness in
a historical picture. Thus, in a late 15 th century Chronicle of
England, written in Flanders, the funeral of William the
Conqueror will probably take place in a church of the flam
boyant style ; while in a Bible of the 14th century, the Temple
of Jerusalem will contain an altar and reredos not unlike that
which the abbot had perhaps just put up in the artist's monastery;
each man taking for his model that which was nearest to hand.
As will be seen, after a short heading of General (or mixed)
buildings, the subject is divided into Ecclesiastical (including
Churches, Abbeys, etc.), Domestic, and Fortified (including
Castles, Walled towns, etc.). The further subdivisions will be
easily understood.

Buildings, general

Buildings, (continued)

English, 13th century

French, late 15th century

12 F xiii, f. 29*

{15 D vi

13 B viii, f. 20

{20 C ii

{Slo. 1977

Flemish, 16th century

French, 14th century

Harl. 6205 (a.d, 1519)

{14 E iii

Flemish, early 15th century

Buildings, Ecclesiastical

24,189

GENERAL

{14 D iv, v

English, nth century

English, middle 15th century

24,199

Jul. E iv, art. 6

{Tib. D xvi

Harl. 4940

{Cleop. C viii

French, middle 15th century

Harl. 603

{Eg. 2022, f . 3 *

English, 12 th century

{Harl. 4376

Harl. Roll, y 6

Harl. 326

{22,318

Flemish, 13th century

Flemish, late 15th century

17,868

{Eg. 1147

French,' 13th century

{14 E ii

Harl. 4972, ff. 1, 40 *

{Aug. A v

i7,34i

14 D ii, f. 8

English, 14th century

{14 E iv

Nero D ii

J15 E iv

10 E iv

17 F v, f. 3

12,228

{19 E v
{20 C iii, f. 15

French, 14th century

20 E vi, ff. 9* etc.

14 E iii, ff. 98 *, 136 *

{18 E i, il

16 G vi

{18 G ii, f. 148

20 C vii

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Buildings, (continued.)
Italian, 14th century
24,642, ff. 80*, 145, 168,
210, etc.
15,274
Flemish, late 15th century
Burn. 169, f. 149*
{20,787
EXTERIOR
English, 10th century
15 A xvi
English, 13 th century
Cleop. C xi, ff. 11 *, 22
{8 F viii, f. 172 *
English, 14th century
+-18,633
French, 14th century
Tib. B viii
15,244
{12,228, f. 348
Flemish, early 15 th century
+ 19 C viii, f. 32 *
English, middle 15th century
{1 Bx
{Tib. A vii
French, middle 15th century
29,433, ff 25, 43^, 56, 71 <S
in *
North Italian, middle 15th
century 27,697, f. 194
Flemish, late 15 th century
{Eg. 2125, f. 34*
{17,012, ff. 32*
Eg. 1 147, f- 156
19 E ii, f. 245
French, late 15 th century
17,008, f. 3
Spanish, late 15 th century
{18,851
Flemish, 16th century
17,280, f. 280 *

Buildings, (continued.)
INTERIOR
9th century
Harl. 1772, f. 71 * Church
(of Basilican form with Atrium
and its well, etc.).
English, nth century
Harl. 603
Claud. A hi, f. 7
German, 12 th century
Harl. 2803, f. 6 *
Harl. 2804, f. 1 *
Lombard, 12 th century
3°,337
Spanish, early 15 th century
28,962, ff. 263, 263 *, 281 *
French, middle 15 th century
18,192, f. no ¦
+ 29,433, ff 20, 43*, in*
Flemish, late 15 th century
{Harl. 1211, f. 10 *
{Eg. 2125, f. 13*, 117*
French, late 15th century
Eg. 1067, f. 12
Spanish, late 15th century
{18,851
1 6th century
Tit. A xvii, f. 17 (a.d. 15 17)
Flemish, • 1 6th century
17,280, f. 43*
{18,852
SPECIAL POINTS
Abbey, interior of an
16 F ii, f. 137
Campanile 20,787, f. 63, 79 *
Chapel 18,851, f. 270
Tib. A vii, f. 97
Harl. 1319, f. 41 b
Chapel, interior of
16 F ii, f. 188

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Buildings, (continued.)
Charnel house
25,695; f. 165
Harl. 2974, f. 112
Charnel house with skulls
18,751, f. 163
Cloister Tib. A viii, f. 90 *
Dominican church with side
altar 28,962, f. 263 *
Fleche Dom. xvii, ff. 120 *, 175 *
Hermitage 19 E iii, f. 140
Lych gate
27,697, f. 118*
Church porch
25,695, f. 165
+ 27,697, f- 29
Shrines (Span. Gothic, 1415)
28,962
Temples Harl. 603 '
Buildings, domestic,
GENERAL
Greek, 12th century (with
horse-shoe arches)
Harl. 1810, f. 142 *
English, nth century
Harl. 603
Cal. A xiv, f. 22
German, nth century
Harl. 2908, ff. 10*, 16
English, 1 2 th century
Harl. 5294, ff. 18, 21, 22*
23 b, 24, 25, 29
Spanish-Moorish, 12th century
",695
North Italian, middle 15th
century, castles and towns
27,697, ff. 13,64*, 200*, 210

Buildings, (continued)
French, late 15th century
{26,667, f. 16*
20 C ix, f. 281
Flemish, late 15th century
{24,098
'Town, streets of a
17 F i, f. 228
Town {16 G viii, f. 225
English, late 15th century.
Towns Harl. 7353
French, 16th century. Clas
sical style
Harl. 5763
EXTERIOR
English, nth century
Harl. 603
Tib. C vi, f. 12 *
French, 14th century
19 B xv
{Harl. 4382, ff. 119*, 123*,
148, 172 *
Harl. 4381, ff. 17, 31, 134
+ 17,333
Burgundy, 14th century
Harl. 2897, f. 188*
Harl. 2897, f. 254 *
Italian, 14th century.
+ 15,277
127,695 Harl. 3571
English, early 15 th century
2 A xviii, ff. 3 *, 5 *, 6 *, 19 *
1 E ix, ff. 25, 112*, 126*,
129, 206, 231 *, 236, 232 *
French, early 15 th century
{Dom. A xvii, ff. 120 *, 175 *,
204* 125,885
+ 25,693 i9,4i7

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72

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Buildings, (continued)
Spanish, early 15th century.
Moorish style
28,962, f. 106 *
French, middle 15th century
+ 18,193, f- i35^
Harl. 2915, f. 167 *
Harl. 2923, f. 90 *
{Harl. 2968, ff. 73*, 89*
{Harl. 2924
Flemish, middle 15th century
Eg 2045, f. 62 *
{Harl. 1211, f. 18 *
19,416, ff. 67 *, 81 *
15,702, f. 248 *
Ar. 318
French, late 15 th century
{Harl. 2950, ff. 49, 77*, 84,
135, 167
Harl. 4379, f. 64
Ii4,8o3
Flemish, late 15 th century
16 F ii, f. 188
{16 G iii
16 G viii, f. 292
{18 E vi, f. 81 (a fine ex
ample of domestic architecture)
{Aug. A v, ff. 133*, 142, 433*
{i5,677
{Nero E iii
+ 24,075, f- 34
{17,026, ff. 22, 43, 97, 130,
152 {Eg. 2125, ff. 34*, 64*, 157*
215* 17,012, ff. 26*, 34*, 40*,
115*
Italian, late 15th century
Harl. 5790, f. 87 *
Spanish, late 15th century
{18,851
French, 16th century
{18,854, f. 91
Flemish, 16th century
Kings 9
{18,852

Buildings, (continued)
{17,280, ff. 2 *, 43 *, 96*
183 *, 203 *
INTERIOR
14th century
22,506 12,228
Italian, 14th century
Harl. 3571
{27,695 15,277
French, 14th century
Harl. 4381, f. 131 *
English, early 15th century
1 E ix, f. 132 *
Flemish, early 15th century
Slo. 2692, f. 21 *
French, early 15th century
{Dom. A xvii, ff. 11*, 96,
120*, 148*, 175*, 204*
+ 25,693
{16,997, ff. 21, 72*, 119*
145, 171^
Spanish, early 15 th century
28,962, f. 4*
Flemish, middle 15th century
Eg. 2045, f. 185 *
French, middle 15th century
Harl. 2915, ff. 14*, 35, 56,
163 16 G ii, f. 1
Harl. 4375, f. 42
19,416, f. 37 *
Eg. 2022
+ 25,695, ff- 29, 106, 139, 153
North Italian, middle 15th
century {27,697, ff. 16, 19, 49, 88*,
103*, 104*
Flemish, late 15th century
Eg. 2125, f. 142*, 186*
{17 F i

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73

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Buildings, (continued)
15 E v, f. 3
{16 G iii
{17,026, ff. 28, 38, 81, 115
French, late 15th century
Harl. 2950, ff. 65 *, .67, 74,
87, 96*, 135, 243*
Harl. 2863, ff. 16, 17*
Flemish, 1 6th century
15,677
{18,852 17,280, f. 3
Kings 9
SPECIAL POLNTS
Architecture, with arcading,
slab work, tile roof and trian
gular pediment
Harl. 5294, f. 15 *
Arcading {14 E v, f. 349*
Arch, Italian
{3567, f. 149
Arched room
15 E v, f. 3
Harl. 4431, f. 2
Alley, with pent roof
19 C viii, f. 41
Circular enclosures with but
tresses Harl. 4374, f. 237 *
Circular apartment
Harl. 4329, f. 130
Corridor Nero E ii, f. 188
Cottages 19 E ii, f. 145, 319 *
Courtyard of palace
{Nero D ix, f. 50
16 F ii
Court, open
19 A vi, f. 109
Court, colonnaded
19 A vi, f. 2

Buildings, (continued)
Dome roof
Nero D ix, f. 50
Doorway {Harl. 2950, f. 33
Harl. 2948, f. 39
Dormer window
14 E iii, f. 153 *
Gallery of a palace
Harl. 4375, f- 25 *
Gateway with figures in niches
{Harl. 4336, f. 1 *
Hall, interior
16 F v, f. 1
Marble pillars
Harl. 2821
Shed 25,695, f- 94
Shed with cattle
27,697, f. 56*
fea/j-ujESUsCHRIST.NATIVITY. Tiles, coloured
Harl. 4431, f. 321
Vestibule 19 B x, f. 1
20 B ix
Cloister of palace or vestibule
Harl. 4385, f. 1
Buildings, fortified
English, nth century
Tib. B v
Harl. 603
French, 14th century
20 D iv, f. 150*
15,26812,228
Flemish, early 15th century
20 D xi
French, early 15th century
Eg. 1070, f. 53
French, middle 15th century
18,751, f. 58

BU

74

BU

Buildings, (continued)
21,909, f. 128
25,695, ff- 62, 87
17,399, f- 52*
Harl. 5762, f. 77
Flemish, late 15 th century
{16 F ii
16 G i, f. 1
{16 G viii
17 F i, ff. 40, 96
19 E iii, f. 282 *
20 C iii
{Aug. A v
16 G iii, f. 193
16 G viii, f. 255
19 C viii, ff. 3, 90
18 G ii, f. 148
Harl. 4425, f. 39
French, late 15th century
Harl. 5328, f. 77
Harl. 2969, f. 50 *
{14,803, f. 7*
18 D ii, f. 87
{20 C ii, f. 172 *
20 C ix, f. 107 *
17 E v, f. 112
SPECIAL POINTS
Bird's eye view of fortress
{1 Bx
Castle on fire
20 A ii, f. 3
Castle, ruins of a
14 E ii, f. 122
City on a rock
Kings 24, f. 210*
Drawbridge 24,098, f. 20 *
Burn. 169, f. 127
Lans. 1 178, f. 19
14 E iii, f. 131
14 E iv, f. 23
17 Fii, f. 156*
20 B xx, ff. 36 *, 94 *
Gates of towns
27,697, ff 39, 155 b

Buildings, (continued)
Harl. 1319, f. 30*
17,012, f. 134*
Towers 18 G ii, f. 156
Aug. A v, f. 302
Eg. 943
17 F vi, vii
Towers, round
16 G viii, ff. 255, 277
Harl. 4375, f. 233
Walls of towns
Harl. 603, ff. 13 *, etc.
24,199, f- 30
i5,3°o, f. 1
Building operations
Ar. 484, f. 190*
Harl. 4979, ff- 25 *, etc.
{15,268, f. 156
19 D i, ff. 10 *, etc.
20 A v, ff. 19, 75
20 A xvii, f. 33*
Nero E ii, f. 73
Harl. 621, f. 2 *
Harl. 1808, f. 30
{Harl. 4376, ff. 150, 206*
(very fine pictures)
Harl. 4431, ff. in, 292
Slo. 2433, f- 3
{19,720, f. 18
20,787, f 75
21,143, f- 1
26,667, f- 12 *
14 E iii, f. 85 *
20 C i, f. 293
20 B xx, f. 82
20 E ii, f. 262
{Aug. A v, ff. 22, 319, 416
Buildings, falling
10,294, f. 47
S1°- 2433, f- 115*
Bull
Harl. 603
+ 15,685, f. 72
{17 E iv, f. 90

BU

75

CM

Bull, (continued.)
Ringed Harl. 4751, f. 22 *
Roasting saints in a
10 E iv, f. 240 *
See Animals.
Burgundy (Charles)
Duke of, portrait of
{Harl. 6199, f. 69 *
16 G viii, f. 14
16 G ix, f. 7
17 F i, f. 14
20 C iii, f. 12
Ar. 71
Burn. 169, f. 11
Harl. 4379, f. 1 70 *
Burgundy, Dukes of,
portraits of the
12,531, f. x
Burning-glass or re
flector
14 E i, f. 3
Busts in borders
Harl. 3380
{Harl. 3481
Portraits 21,245
Fanciful 10 E iv
In initials
21,245
Butchers
Burn. 257, f. 90*
Harl. 4375, f. 106*
Butterflies and Moths
+-27,695 Harl. 2702, f. 175
Harl. 4425
17,353
{18,852 25,092

Butterflies, (continued.)
14 E iii, f. 89
16 F v, f. 114
19 E ii, £70*
{20 C iii, ff. 15, 42, etc.
See Insects.
Byzantium, gate of
{19 C vi, f. 152

Cacus, the robber
Harl. 1766, f. 69
Cadmus, figure of
Harl. 1766, f. 28
Slo. 2452, f. 7
Caddis worm
Slo. 3544, f. 44*
Cesar, Julius, birth of
See Birth-scenes.
Scenes in life and exploits of
Eg. 1065
Harl. 6205
16 G vii
{Aug. A v
Assassination of
16 G viii, f. 331 *
Portrait of
Harl. 6205, f. 3
Cesar, commentaries of,
illuminated 16 G viii
C^sar, De Bello Gallico,
illustrated with very fine
drawingsHarl. 6205
Cesarian operation
16 G viii, f. 32
17 F ii, f. 1
Eg- 1065, f. 9

CM

76

CA

C^sarius, Saint
15,813, f. 267
Cage, prisoner in a
Harl. 4375, f. 213*
Cain and Abel, cutting
corn 19,962, f. 36
Sacrifice of
Nero C iv, f. 2
{24,678, f. 8
Harl. 4381, f. 10 *
17 E vii, f. 9
19 D ii, f. 9*
19 E vi, f. 12
22,557, f. 16
Cain, death of
19,962, f. 37*
19,962, f. 36 *
Caladrus, Caladrius,
or Calandrius.
(A fabulous bird so-called)
Harl. 3244, f. 52
{Harl. 4751, f. 40
Slo. 278, f. 34*
12 C xix, f. 47*
Harl. 3448, f. 1 *
19 D i, f. 39*
15 E vi, f. 21*
Calf, golden, worship of
19 C i, f. 93
Harl. 4940, ff. 51, 65*
15,248, f. 129*
CALLisTRATUS,Saint,mar- tyrdom of
11,870, f. 210
Camaieu See Grisaille.
Camber, son of Brutus
20 A ii, f. 2

Camel
14 B vii, f. 4 *
{Slo. 3983, f. 10*
10 E iv, f. 152 *
15,268, ff. 59, 65 *
{Harl. 3448, f. 35
15,685, f- 83
18,751, f. 86*
19,720, f. 212 *
25,695, f- 94
And rider
Eg. 1065, f. 172 *
Camilla, Queen, on a
horse, demanding to fight
against ^Eneas
15,268, f. 149
Camp
19 C vi, ff. 83, 106 *, etc.
Harl. 4375, ff. wb, 106*
Aug. A v, f. 124
22,318, f. 44*
20 C ix, f. 262
See Tents.
Campus Martius, or
plain enclosed with a wall
Harl. 4375, f. 102*
Canace, story of
Harl. 1766, ff. 89, etc.
Candalus, King
Harl. 1766, f. 129
Cannon
Harl. 4379, f- 83*
Jul. E iv, ff. 219, etc.
Burn. 169, ff. 21 *, 69, 127
{15,410, f. 285
+ 24,945, f- 208*
{14 E iv, ff. 23, 28*, etc.
15 E i, ff. 47j etc.
17 F ii, f. 62
18 D ii, f. 83 *
20 E iii, f. 223
Jul. F iv (a.d. 1608)

CA

77

CA

Cannon, (continued.)
Nero E ii, f. 246
Slo. 2433 Bf. 113
Turret-guns, revolving
24,945, ff- 213*, etc.
Canons of Eusebius
See Gospels in List of Manu
scripts. Secular 6 E vi, ff. 221, 224
Harl. 2278, f. 113 *
Tib. B iii, f. 146
Augustinian Tib. B iii, f. 146
August, of Windesem
+ 15,456
Canoness
28,784 B, f. 11*
Canopy over Scipio
Africanus
Harl. 4374, f. 155 *
Canterbury, view of
18 G ii, f. 148
Cathedral, view of
Nero D ii, f. 103
Monastery Nero D ii, f. 124
Canterbury Tales,
Riders, in the preface to the
18 G ii, f. 148
Canticles, Book of
The Church personified
Harl. 4382, f. 15 *
Cantor
17,868, f. 127
24,678, f. 16
30,045, f. 46 *
{Harl. 2897, f. 72 *
6 E vi, f. 213
Eg. 1066, f. 72
I5,H4, f- 157 ^
Harl. 3000, f. 223 *

Canute, King
Claud. D ii, f. 17
Capello, (Victor) pre
senting Book to a doge,
(a.d. i486)
21,463
Captive, led away by
soldiers 23,929, f. 13
Carbuncle, or Jewel,
on the head of the asp
12 C xix, f. 67
Cardinal
Harl. 2908
15,274
23,923
Ar. 481, f. 3
Nero D ii, f. 187
Harl. 3746
6 E vi, f. 225*
10 E iv, f. 4
Harl. 2278, f. 96 *
18 Ei, f. 71*
15,216, f. 103*
15,711, f. no
17,353, f- 13
18,193, f- 86*
18,852, f. 129*
19,917, f. 123*
20,694, f. 17
20,729, f. 21*
20,859, f- 64*
24*J53, f- 131 b
24,189, f- 7 b
27,697, f. 104*
28,962, f. 383 *
Eg. 2045, f. 185 *
Harl. 2919, f. 144
Harl. 4380, ff. 4, etc.
18 E ii, ff. 40*, 223
19 C vi, ff. 9*, 17
Caricatures
+ 10,293, f. 1
10,294, f. 1

CA

78

CA

Caricatures, (continued)
Harl. 4373, ff 14, etc.
{Harl. 4379, 4380
13 E iv
See Grotesques, Grylli.
Carpenter
10 E iv, f. 196
Harl. 4979, f- 70
15,277, f- 15^
15 E ii, f. 265
Carpenter's Tools
18,850, ff. 15, 17*
18,193, f. 48*
Carriage, and Cart
Tib. B v, ff. 5 *, etc.
Harl. 603
Tit. D xvi
Jul. A vi, ff. 5 *, 6 *
Harl. Roll y, 6
{15,268, ff. 58, 292
Harl. 3448, f. 38
{Slo. 3983, f. 8
Jul. F vii, f. 5
Harl. 4372, f. 79*
Harl. 4374, ff- i47, 188
Harl. 4375
Harl. 4431, f. 155
Burn. 257, ff. 116*, 129, etc.
{19,669 21,143, f. 464*
27,699, f. 108
14 E iv, f. 267 *
14 E v, ff. 105, 207, 407 *,
507* 16 F iii, f. 11
16 G v, ff. 76, 86*
{17 F ii, f. 322
{19 C viii, f. 41
20 C v, ff. 112 *, 144*
20 C ii, f. 147
Slo. 2433, C, f. 122
For invalid king
20 B xx, f. 92
With a king
Burn. 169, ff. 95, 100

Carriage, (continued.)
Drawn by three dogs in a line
{10 E iv, f. no*
See Chariot.
Carving a joint
12,228, f. 126
Carving wood, in a room
19 C vi, f. 17
Carrollers "of Love,"
figures of the
20 A 17, f. 9
Cassiopeia, figure of
Ar: 339, f. 76 *
See Constellations.
Castigation of scholars
Burn. 275, f. 94
Castilione, Laurentiade
(owner of the Manuscript),.
portrait and badge
15,814, f. 7
Cat
27,699 (wild)
29,433, f- 20
Catapults
Harl. 3281
Catherine See Katharine.
Catiline, figure of
Harl. 4374, f. 249
Cato, figure of
19 Avi, f. 157
Portrait of
22,318, f. 167
In bed with a book
16 G viii, f. 324

CA

79

ch

Cattle,
Harl. 4431, f. 118
In Pharaoh's dream
15,268, f. 56 *
In sheds
14 E vi, f. 204
Driven into boat
{16 Gi, f. 1
Cauldron
Harl. 4751, f. 69
13 B viii, f. 28 *
10 E iy, ff. 108, 109, etc.
Lans, 1179, f. 191
Fire under a
Harl. 4375, ff. 106 *, 241 *
Cautery, actual
Slo. 1975, f. 91 *
Forms of, used in surgery
{Harl. 1585, ff. 8, 9
Cavalry on march
14 D v, ff. 74, 216
See Army.
Cave-dwellers
Harl. 4979, f. 56 *
15 E vi, f. 17 *
19 D i, f. 28
20 B xx, f. 60
Cecilia, or Cecily, Saint
Eg. 1070, f. 107 *
itf**- 17,006, f. 188
18,851, f. 491*
,3>i9,89'7, f- 264
'if 29,735, f- 162*
Talking with Valerian
^v 20 D vi, f. 86
Marriage of
27,428, f. 52 *
Listening to angel playing
on organ
29,902, f. *
Legend of the angel and the
roses Harl. 2897, f. 44° b

Cedar-tree
Slo. 278, f. 13*
Cellar
18,851, f. 5*
27,695, f- M
Cemetery, with tombs
Harl. 1629, ff, 29*, 70
Centaur
{Tib. B v, f. 82 *
Vitel. C iii, f. 19
Harl. 1585, ff. 22, 29
Harl. 5294, ff. 14, 22
Ar. 339, f. 83
Slo. 1975, ff. 17 *, 23, etc.
{ 19.587, f. 42
Fantastic 15,268, f. 1 *
20 D iv, f. 150 *
Harl. 5600, f. 16
17 Fi, f. 59
See Grotesque.
Called " Ono-Centaur "
Burn. 97, f. 19*
And serpent
{12 Cxix, f. 8*
See Constellations.
Cepheus, figure oi
Ar. 339, f. 76 *
See Constellations.
Cerberus, figure of
Harl. 4431, f. no*
Kings 24, f. 131 *
{19,587, f. 9*
Ceres personified
n,3S5, f- 23
Chad, Saint and Bishop
Harl. 2846, f. 31 *
Chalezun, castle of
Vitel. A xiii, f. 4

CH

80

CH

Cham, (grand), doings of
the 19 Di
Chameleon
{Burn. 97, f. 24
Chaplain, dress of a
1 7 F ii, f. 1
Chaplet
6 E vi, f. 236 *
20 A xvii, f. 104 *
Dom. A xvii
Lady making a
Harl. 4431, f. 223
16 G v, f. 24*
Eg. 943, f- "2*
Chariot
{Tib. B v, f. 47
24,199, ff- !7, 18, 19*
Ar. 339, f- 77
{20,916, f. i
Harl. 3567, f. 166
Drawn by serpents
Harl. 2702, f. 2
Drawn by stags
Harl. 3567, f. 184
Foreshortened {Harl. 3567, f. 176
With allegorical representations
Harl. 3567, f. 149, 166, 176,
184
See Carriage.
Charito, Saint
11,870, f. 219
Charity personified
n,866, f. 4*
20,916, f. 30
Charlemagne, Emperor
Faust. B vii, f. 62
Harl. 2952, f. 62 *
As Saint Charles
19,416, f. 178
Eg. 1070, f. 86 *

Charles V., King of
France
14 E vi, f. 10
19 E vi, f. 10
Charles VI.
Deathbed of
14 E iv, f. 63
Funeral of
20 C ix, f. 1 1
Charles VII.
Receiving an embassy
20 C ix, f. 291
And his court
{20 C ix, f. 298 *
Death of
20 C ix, f. 310
Charles VIII.
{15 E 2
Charmer, Snake
{12 C xix, f. 65 *
Slo. 3544, f. 37
Chatelaine, or Belt
{Harl. 4425, f. 98*
Chaucer, poet, portrait of
17 D vi, f. 90 *
Harl. 4866, f. 88
Chesne, (Jehan du) a
writer, portrait of
17 Fi
Work by, in 1473, at Lille
16 G viii
17 F vi, vii, etc.
Chess, game at
Lans. 782, f. 14
10,293, f- 3°2
12,228, ff. 23, 80*
15,477, f- 4*
{Aug. Av, ff. 327, 334*
Harl. 4375, f. 151 b
Harl. 4431, f. 135
15,685, ff. 1, 2 *
Chess-board
15,685, f. 38*

ch

81

CH

Chess-pieces
Alphiles,aman writing at a desk
15,685, f. 9*
Rock, a mounted noble with
a club 16

15,685, f-
Popularis 15,685, f. 21
Faber 15685, f- 23
Chest, or Trunk
{28,162, f. 9*
Harl. 4940, f. 5
Harl. 4431, f. 124
15 E iv, ff. 186, 255*
Eg 2045, f. 95
Ar. 484, f. 244
Chests, money
14 E ii, f. 144
20,787, ff. 86*, 112 *

Child costume
characterBurn. 275
Roasting of a
Harl. 1766, f.
Dead, wrapped up
18 G ii, f. 157 *

Children, slaughter and
death of
Burn. 257
Three in furnace
18,851, f. 194*
15,813, f. 155
Chilperic, death of
Nero E ii, f. 48 *
Chimneys, with storks
Harl. 603, f. 20 *
Chiron, the centaur
Vitel. C iii, f. 19
Chivalry, allegorical
view of
Harl. 4385, f. 149 *
Ordinance of,by King Alexander
Aug. A v, f. 116
Christina, Saint
28,784 A, f. 76
Martyrdom
and 20 D vi, f. 80*
Christine de Pise,
(miniatures,some unfinished)
20,698
Portraits of
20,698
Harl. 4431
CHRISTOPHER, Saint.— This saint, so great a
favourite in the Middle Ages, is generally represented as of
gigantic stature, bearing on his shoulders the Infant Saviour,
with whom he fords a river, while at one side an aged hermit
holds a lantern to guide him. This form of representation
refers to his well-known legend, and to the meaning of the name
'Xpio-To<£opos. In the later pictures the subject is often beau
tifully worked out, but in some of the earlier examples, notably
in the exceedingly fine instance in 2 A xxii, the hermit is
omitted, and the river only indicated by a few wavy lines, so
that (as is constantly the case with other saints) it is the man
himself and not an event in his life that is represented. The
latter form seems to have been very common in frescoes on the
walls of churches in England, where St. Christopher seems
always to have been a- favourite. 7

180

CH

82

CL

Christopher, (continued)
21,926, f. 9 *
28,784 A, f. 75
28,784 A, f. 85
Harl. 2897, f. 339 *
Harl. 3978, f. 52
{2 A xxii, f. 220* (good
treatment for stained glass)
19 B xvii, f. 180
4836, f. 7 *
11,865, f- 88*
11,866, f. 169
11,867, f- 151
15,281, f. 208*
15,677, f. 145 *
15,702, f. 235 *
+ 17,012, f. 32*
17,026, f. 73*
17,280, f. 346
17,353, f- 133 ^
18,192, f. 213 *
18,854, f. 142
19,416, f. 130
19,962, f. 163*
22,590, f. 242 *
24,153, f- 141*
{28,785, f. 168
29,433, f- 205
Ar. 318, f. 22*
Ar. 341, f. 18
Eg. 859, f. 4
Eg. 1070, f. 95 *
Eg- 1 147, f- 213*
Eg. 1068, f. 86
{Eg. 2019, f. 213
Harl. 12 1 1, f. 89*
Harl. 1 25 1, f. 47
Harl. 2846, f. 38*
Harl. 2854, f. 242 *
Harl. 2865, f. 104*
Harl. 2876, f. 88 *
{Harl. 2900, f. 52 *
Harl. 2933, f. 167
Harl. 2935, f. 112
Harl. 2948, f. 169
Harl. 2952, f. 103
Harl. 2966, f. 9
Harl. 2985, f. 27 *
Harl. 3000, f. 28 *

Christopher, (continued)
Harl. 5049, f. 60 *
Harl. 5370, f. 153
Kings 7, f. 94
{Kings 9, f. 43 *
2 A xviii, ff. 11 *, 25
Slo. 2471, f. 31 *
Slo. 2474, f. 25
Slo. 2565, f. 19 *
Slo. 2571, f. 18
Slo. 2605, f. 100 *
Slo. 2633, f. 25 *
Slo. 2916, f. 119 *
Preaching 20 D vi, f. 66
Church, the, personified
30,337 14,813, f. 81 *
Ar. 71, ff. 24, 39*
Churn
JioE iv, f. 36*
Churning, a woman
10,294, f. 1
Cicero
Harl. 2681
Harl. 4917, f. 4
19 A vi, f. 109
Circumcision
{Burn. 3, f. 177
I Eg. 1894
¦S&JesusChrist,Circumctsion
Clare, Saint
Harl. 2967, f. 208
15,686, ff. 1 *, 31
29,704, f. 6
Clarus, Saint
19,962, f. 167
Classical Models, pic
tures copied from
18,043
Harl. 3045

CL

83

CO

CLAur>E,Queenof France,
consecration,coronation, and
entry of, a.d. 1517
Tit. A xvii
Claudius, Saint
n,866, f. 177
11,867, f- 154 #
17,026, f. 76 *
17,280, f. 352*
17,353, f- 138*
18,854, f. 145
19,962, f. 170
27,697, f- 93
Eg. 1068, f. 87 *
Harl. 2929, f. 130*
Slo. 2916, f. 123
Clement, Saint
17,006, f. 188*
19 B xvii, f. 323
4836, f. II *
11,865, f- 6
11,866, f. 171
18,192, f. 216
18,851, f. 494
29,735, f. 163*
Tib. B iii, f. 142
Eg. 1070, f. 107 *
Harl. 3000, f. 32 *
Martyrdom 20 D vi, f. 105
Harl. 2897, f. 444*
Clement, Saint, of Alex
andria; discovery of his
body by his disciples
29,704, f. 2
Clement V. in council
Harl. 3751
Clement of Avignon,
Pope, death of
Harl. 4380, f. 18*
18 E ii, f. 223
Cleopatra, various
figures of
17 F ii
Head of, as a black queen
Eg. 1500, f. 15 *

Clergy, orders of
Harl. 334
Clerk
6 E vi, f. 296 *
19 C iv, f. 6
In travelling dress
6 E vi, f. 300 *
Costume of
20,787, f. 112 *
Clock
{18,852, ff. 25*, 288
Clothing hung on bars
10 E iv, ff. 161, 167 *, etc.
Clovis, King of France,
receiving the banner of the
Fleurs de Lys
18,850, f. 288*
Cocodrillus, a fabulous
creature
{Slo. 278, f. 47
11,283, f- 8
Harl. 3244, f. 43
Coffin
Harl. 3244, f. 40*
23,923, f- 64*
10,293, ff- 187, 335, etc
Harl. 4375, f. 1
20 C iii, f. 129
With dead body
1 2 F xiii, f. 1 5 *
With dead mother and living
child Harl. 4374, f. 77 *
Colchester, view of
13 A iii, f. 47
Abbey, view of
Nero D viii, f. 345
CoLEMAN,Saint,with birds
13 B viii, f. 21

CO

84

CO

Column
Harl. 4940, f. 65 *
20 A v, f. 58
Harl. 4979, f- 59 <*
20 B xx, f. 63
Comb and mirror
19 C i, f. 203
20 C v, ff. 5, 104
16 G v, f. 3 *
Slo. 3983
Comet, appearance of a
Jul. E iv, f. 203 *
Compasses
Burn. 19, f. 62 *
Harl. 334, f. 34
20 B xx, f. 3
Conditions of life
20 C iv
Considius, figure of
Harl. 6205, f. 34
Constance, ambassadors
to the council of
Jul. Eiv, f. 216*
Constantine the Great
Faust. B vii, f. 56
Harl. 1766, ff. 196, etc.
Baptised by St. Sylvester
25,697, f- 43 b
30,038, f. 115*
Lans. 1179, f- 25I b
Harl. 441 1, f. 7 *
Stabbed 20 A ii, f. 2 *
Constantinople, Em
peror of, death of an
Harl. 1766, f. 229 *
Constellations, figures
and personifications of
Ar. 339, f. 78

Constellations, (cont.)
Harl. 647
Tib. B v
Harl. 2506
Tib. C i
{Slo. 3983
Ar. 66, ff. 33-46
Consul, Roman
{15,268, f. 161 *
Contareno, (Johannes)
Maria, Captain of Justino-
polis, a.d. 15 5 1
Harl. 3395
Controversy, diagram
illustrating Harl. 2637, f. 10
Cook, a
14 E iv, f. 244 *
Coopers at work
20 D xi, f. 116
Coracle, a
24,189, f. 8
Harl. 3448, f. 13
20,698, f. 64*
Corbechon, (Jehan,)
Aug. vi
15 E2
Corn, sheaf of
19 B xiii, f. 29
Corn-field
Harl. 4431, f. 109*
Cornelia, portrait of
22,318, f. 143*
Cornelius, Saint
11,870, f. 108
19,416, f. 134
Harl. 2854, f. 245

CO

85

CO

Cornucopia
115,816, f. 5
Corpse
16 E viii, f. 28
23,774, f- 103
23,929, f- 37 b
19 C i, ff. 29, 77 *
14,816, f. 12
Harl. 4375, f. 157 *
In tomb
17,026, f. 152
On tomb
17,280, f. 280*
Of a king
19 D i, f. 43 *
Enshrouded Burn. 257
Sewing up a, in a sheet
Burn. 257, f. 75
Eaten by birds and fishes
12 F xiii, f. 50

Corpse, (continued)
Eaten by dogs
Lans. 1 179, f. 93 *
Corsairs [Cursares]
27,376, f. 7
Cosmas and Damian,
Saints 19 B xvii, f. 266
11,866, f. 170*
15,813, f. 260*
18,192, f. 215 *
18,851, f. 462
18,854, f. 144
Eg. 1070, f. 102 *
Cosmography
15 E ii, f. 271
1 7 E iii, f. 1 1 9
Cossa, (Balthasar,) legate
at Bologna for John XIII.
Ar. 117, f. 146 *

COSTUMES. — Under this heading a number of
the best specimens of costumes are arranged in order of country
and date. As in the case of Armour and Buildings, a complete
list of instances occurring in the Manuscripts is not attempted.
In a very large number of miniatures, and more especially in
those referring to Biblical subjects, the costume of the figures
represented is of a conventional form founded on Byzantine
traditions of art rather than an imitation of that in use at the
period. This is particularly the case with portraits of Our Lord,
or His Mother, of the Apostles, or of the Prophets of the Old
Testament, while it often happens that in the same picture,
these personages may be seen in conventional flowing robes
while the accompanying soldiers, populace, etc., appear in the
costume common at the date of the Manuscript. That this
custom in art survives to the present day, save that the modern
plan allows of the application of antiquarian research to the
costumes of the minor characters, will be evident to any one who
has seen such modern works as Dord's "Christ leaving the
Prgetorium." In many of the later Manuscripts the costumes
are fanciful, and often of a classical type certainly not in use at
the period except for masquerading purposes. These have been
as a rule rejected as useless for our purpose.

CO

86

CO

Costumes, (continued)
English, 10th century
{Vesp. A viii, f. 26
Harl. 2886, ff. 27*, 28,56
English, 1 ith century
Harl. 603
24,199 (Drapery of figures
on horseback, Grecian and
very curious)
Jul. A vi
Tit. D xvi
Cleop. C viii
English, 1 2 th century
{Harl. Roll y 6
{Harl. 1585 ff. 12*, 13
• English, 13th century
21,926, f. 135
{Harl. 4751
Claud. D vi, ff. 2, etc. (royal)
Jul. A v, f 53
2 B vi (rustic)
14 B vii (royal)
English, 14th century
Ar. 83
1 Eiv
6 Evi
Vitel. A xiii
English, early 15 th century
16,998, ff. 67, 87
{29,704 (a.d. 1400)
2 A xviii, ff. 15 *, 26
English, middle 15th century
{18 Dii
Harl. 1 25 1
English, late 15 th century
{19 C viii (a.d. 1496)
English, 1 6th century
28,330, ff. 33, etc. (peasants)
Harl. 41
Irish, 13th century
13 B viii
Irish, 1 6th century
28,330, f. 34
Flemish, 10th century
18,043
Flemish, 13th century
2 B iii

Costumes, (continued.)
Flemish, 14th century
Harl. 4996
{Kings 5
Flemish, early 15 th century
Harl. 5370
Flemish, middle 15 th century
12,231, f. 1 *
18,213
Harl. 12 1 1
Harl. 2846
Harl. 2876
Harl. 2884
Harl. 2919, f. 112 *
Harl. 3000
{Ar. 318
{Eg. 2019
Slo. 2865, ff. 37*, 49*, 55*
100* Slo. 2732, B, ff. 45, 71
{Eg. 2045
Flemish, late 15th century
{i4Eii {16 Fii
{i6Fiv, ff. 3, 38*
{16 G iii
|i7Fi{18 Eiv
{19 Eii
19 E iii
{20 C iii
{17,026 18,85119,416
22,49424,098
{Aug. A v
Eg. 2125
{Harl. 4425
Harl. 2865, ff. 69 *-86
15,677
{17,012 Harl. 2924
Flemish, early 16th century
17,280
{18,852

CO

87

CO

Costumes, (continued)
Flemish, 16th century
+ 25,693
Kings 9
Dutch, middle 15 th century
Harl. 2943
15,267
Dutch, late 15th century
15,52520,859
+ 20,729
French, 12 th century
{Slo. 1975
French, 13th century
15,219, f. 12
{Lans. 782
{Slo. 1977
French, 14th century
{15 Dili
19 B xv
19 C i (South French)
19 C ii
{19 Civ
19 D iv
{19 E vii
17,006
{19,669 23,14524,678, f. 15
28,784, A, B
+Eg. 745
{Tib. B viii
{Vitel. E ii
Cott. App. 5
Lans. 1 1 75
Slo. 2430, f. 2 *
French, early 15th century
{Dom. A xvii
Vesp. A xix
{18,850 25,722, f. 1
28,785
Harl. 2947
{Harl. 2952
19 E i, f. 1 (a.d. 1414)
{Burn. 257

Costumes, (continued)
French, middle 15 th century
Harl. 2900
Harl. 2917
Harl. 2971
Harl. 2974
{Harl. 2980
{Harl. 2989
19 A xxii
{Eg. 2019
15,248
{18,192t25,885{25,886 29,433, f. 67
French, late 15 th century
Eg. 1067
Eg. 1068, ff. 88*, 89*
Harl. 2681 (a.d. 1483)
Harl. 2969
{Harl. 4335-4339
14,803
25,695
Slo. 2605
French, 16 th century
Vesp. B iii (a.d. 15 13)
6277Vesp. B ii (a.d. 15 14)
Titus A xvii (a.d. 15 17)
Harl. 6205 (a.d. 1519)
{18,854 (a.d. 1524)
Slo. 2605
Kings 7
Harl. 2863
Burgundian, 14th century
Harl. 2897
Burgundian, Mid. 15 th century
Harl. 2967
Norman, 15 th century
Eg. 1895
Italian, 14th century
+ 15,27415,27717,466i9,S87
Eg- 943

CO

Costumes, (continued)

Ar. 439
Harl. 3448
23,923
+ 27,695
Harl. 3571
{6 E ix

Italian, 15 th century
{Harl. 3718, f. 1 *
22,318
North Italian, 15 th century
27,697, ff 28, 49,56*, 64*,
83 *, 200 *
Italian, 16th century
Harl. 4393
Slo. 2421
Of Papal Court
Ar. 481, f. 3
Venetian {20,916 18,000
Harl. 3403 (a.d. 15 15)
Harl. 3395 f. 2 (a.d. 155 i)
Kings 156 (a.d. 1568)
German, 13 th century
{Slo. 3983
Bavarian, 13 th century
+ 19,767
German, 14th century
17,687
German, early 15 th century
Ar. 120
Slo. 361
German, late" 15th century
Eg. 1 146
'• German, 16th century
Eg« 2076
+ 24,153 i5,7n
Harl. 3469
See also Albums in List of
Manuscripts. Spanish, 12 th century
n,695
{28,962, f. 1415

88 co

Costumes, (continued)
Spanish, late 15 th century
18,193
21,245
Polish 15,281, ff. 59-65 *(a.d. 1524)
Oriental 19 C vi, f. 64 *
Council, meeting of
15,268, f. 161*
18 E iv, f. 133
Sitting in
Harl. 4374, f. 147
Of State
20 C i, f. 247 *
Coursing a hare, dogs
10 E iv, f. 160
See Hare.
Court of Justice
Harl. 4375, f. 113
Harl. 4375,6". 138*, i55*,etc.
Law 12,023
Interior of a
Harl. 2681, 1483
Session of a Royal Court in
France 20 C ix, f. 298 *
Courtier
Harl. 4382, f. 17
10,341, f. 8
15,269
Vesp. B i, f. 4, 15
Vesp. B ii, 15 14
Harl. 200
Harl. 4372, f. 12
Harl. 4374, f. 1, etc.
Harl. 4375
Harl. 4376, f. 271
Harl. 4485, f. 9
Jul. E v, f. 1
14 E v
15 E iv

CO

89

CR

Courtier, (continued)
15E v, f. 3
{16 F ii, f. 210*
16 G viii
16 G ix, f. 7
17 E iii
17 F i, f. 14
17 F v, f. 3
{18 D ii, f. 6
18 D vii
19 A vi, f. 2
19 E vi
20 B xv, f. 2
20 C ii, f. 159
20 C iii, ff. 12, etc.
And King and Queen at Chess
15,685, f. 2 *
With a red heart in hand
20 A xvi
See King.
Covetousness per
sonified 19 B xiii, f. 6
20 A xvii, f. 3 *
Eg. 2022, f. 5 *
Harl. 4425, f. 9*
Cow
{Harl. 4331, f. in *
Crab
{Burn. 97, f. 43 *
Harl. 4940, f. 29
Crane
Harl. Roll y 6
Harl. 3448, f. 24*
14,816, f. 33*
15,248
Crane or Pulley for
buildings Harl. 4376, ff. 150-206*
Harl. 4431, f. m

Creation
Faust. B vii, f. 44
Burn. 3, f. 10*
{6 E vi, f. 1, 2
11,843,/- 3 b
14,81915,268, f. 1 *
17,341, f- 11
{19,669 Harl. 4381, ff. 4*-7*
Nero D ii, f. 2
17 E vii, ff. 3-6 *
{18 Ev
19 C 1, f. 25*
19 D ii, ff. 3*-5*
{ 15 D iii, ff. 3*-6
{19 E vi, f. 12
Aug. A v, f. 18
Aug. vi, f. 1 1 .
1 E ix, f. 3 *
15,248, f. 17
{19,962, ff. i7*-26
See Adam. Bible. ,
Cremation of dead bodies
Aug. A v, f. 214*
Burn. 257, ff. 383-386 *, etc.
14 E v, f. 77 *
15 E iv, f. 155
18 G ii, f. 161
Harl. 4374, f. 77*
Cressy, Battle of
Slo. 2423, c, f. 69 *
Creusa, figure of
Harl. 1766, f. 33
Cripple and Crutch
Harl. 441 1, f. 90
On little stools
10 E iv, f. '220
Crocodile
{Burn. 97, f. 37*
See Animals

CR

90

CR

Crozsus, King
Harl. 1766, f. 132, 133
Cross, with emblematic
figures
Ar. 44, f. 84
Full-paged devices
11,695, ff. 2-6, 277
Ornamental 17,006, f. 19 *
17 C xxxviii
Taking an oath on the
Jul. E iv, f. 213 *
Angels holding up
24,153, f- 72 *'
With dove in centre
Slo. 278, f. 12
On steps
6 E vi, f. 448 *
Wayside Harl. 441 1, f. 39
20 C iv, f. 77 *
With worshipper
27,59i, f- I38*
Tau Harl. 1766, f. 199
{24,189, f. 11
15 E i, f. 16
Exaltation of the
2 B xiii, f. 32 *
Harl. 2897, f. 288*-
Eg. 1070, f. 101 *
Invention of
18,851, f. 372
25,697, f- 289
16,907, f. no
+ 29,735, f- 127*
Eg. 1070, f. 91 *
Cross-roads
18 D vii, f. 52
Crowland Abbey, build
ing by St. Guthlac
Harl. Roll y, 6
Sketch of
Jul. A x, f. 78

Crown 13 A i
Harl. 603, ff. 22*, 1 1 *
Harl. Roll y, 6
13 E vi
Harl. 2804, f. 3 *
Slo. 1975, £ 17*
Calig. A viii, f. 29
29,301
Claud. D vi, ff. 126 *, etc.
Ar. 484
17,333, f- 13 b
22,493
28,681, f. 3 *
Harl. 4940, ff. 9, etc.
Tib. B viii
16 G vi
20 C vii
2 A xxii, ff. 14*, 219*
20 A v
19 B xv, f. 20 *
Harl. 7353
Harl. 2950, ff. 120, 135
12 D ii, f. 71
{15 Diii, f. 115
18 E iii, f. 109
20 C i, £ 247 *
Eg. 1070, f. 139
Of bay
15,434, f- 4i
See King, Queen.
Crowned four Martyrs
18,851, £ 484*
Crucible
Harl. 2407, f. 58
Crutches
Slo. 278, £ 52
10 E iv, £ 197
Harl. 334, £ 39
Eg. 2022, £ 7*
Harl. 441 1, £ 90
Harl. 4425, £ 10*
12 D ii, £ 57
For an armed knight to
kneel with
Aug. A v, £ 433 *

eu

91

DA

Cups

D.

Jul. A vi, £ 4 *

24,199, f. 16 *
Tib. C vi, ff. 5, 6, 10 *

Damasus, Saint, Pope

Harl. 603, £ 50

25,697, f. 260

See Utensils.

Damian, Saint

Golden

19 B xvii, £ 266

16 G v, f. 53*

Harl. 4376, £ 271

See Cosmas.

Harl. 4380, £ 1

Damon and Pythias, his

Poison

tory of

14 E v, £ 447

Harl. 4374, £ 244*

See John, Saint

Dance, in costume, at a

Cupid, figure of

feast

Harl. 3567, ff. 9, 149

{19 C vi, £ 131

11,866, £4*

Dancers
Cupping operation
20 A xvii, f. 9
10 E iv, £ 67 *
20 D iv, f. 260
Cuttle-fish
Dancing, lovers, to music
{Bum. 97, ff. 40, 41 *
of devils
19 C i, £ 203*
Cynarus, King
Harl. 1766, £ 75
Daniel, the prophet
Harl. 2803
Cynocephalus
17 E vii, f. 339 *
Slo. 3983, f. 4
{15 D iii, f. 381*
In the lions' den
Cyprian, Saint
Harl. 4382, f. no
19,416, £ 134
{Eg. 2076. f. 7 *
{i8Ev
Cyriac, Saint, the An
Pleading for Susanna
chorite
Harl. 4382, f. 113 *
11,870, £ 231
Eg. 2019, £ 135
Receiving the book
Cyriac, Saint, the Martyr
Harl. 4382, £ 106*
Eg. 1070, £ 92
Dream of
19 D ii, f. 381
Cyrus, history of
{19 C vi
Dante, works illuminated
Harl. 1766, ff. 126, 128, 135,
throughout
135^
19,587
16 G ix
Eg- 943
DA

92

DA

Daphne, metamor
phosis of
{Harl. 4431, £ 136 *
Darius, King
Faust. B, vii, £ 50
Harl. 4979

Darius, King, (continued.)
In a chariot
Burn. 169, f. 36
Death of
{19 C vi, f. 20
Burial of
20 A v, f. 37

DAVID. — The great bulk of the pictures under this
head are to be found in Psalters and Books of Hours : in the
former case as of obvious appropriateness, in the latter as
illustrating the Seven Penitential Psalms. In many of these
the Royal Poet is seen kneeling on the ground, his face up
turned, his harp lying beside him, while above, in clouds,
or surrounded by angels, appears the Almighty Father, with
His hand raised in the attitude of blessing. In others, David
is shown playing on the harp, and sometimes on other instru
ments, with occasionally a choir of singers and musicians
around him. These are the pictures included in our list under
the general heading of David. Illustrations representing events
in his life are arranged -chronologically. Of these the subjects
most frequently pourtrayed are his greatest triumph, and his
greatest temptation. The latter subject generally represents
Bathsheba as bathing, wholly undraped, in a fountain, while the
king, harp in hand, watches from a tower hard by. In a few
cases, Bathsheba is accompanied by other women, engaged in
the same occupation. Almost all pictures of this subject are of
late date, generally of French or Flemish origin. English
artists, and those of earlier dates generally, appear to have
found more delight in the triumph of the Psalmist than in his
fall, and the pictures of David and Goliath are therefore
mostly by English artists and of early date, and when they do
refer to the darker episode of his life, it is on his repentance
rather than on the occasion of sin that they prefer to dwell.

David, King
18,043, f- "4
Tib. C vi, £ 17 * (curious
square harp)
Burn. 14, f. 3
Harl. 2804, £ 3 *
24,686, £ n
28,784, B, £ 3
3°,o45, f- 8 *
Faust. B vii, £ 48
Harl. 2930, £ 15
2 A iii, £ 9 *

David, King, (continued)
{2 A xxii, £ 14*
2 B iii, £ 15 *
Lans. 420, £12
28,681, £ 18
Ar. 316, £ 103 *
Claud. D vi, £ 1
Eg. 1066, £ n
Harl. 1766, ff. 93, etc.
{Harl. 2897, £ 23*
Harl. 4381, £ 256*
Harl. 4664, £ 133

DA

93

DA

David, King, (continued)
17 E vii, ff. 231, 238
11,866, £ 95
11,867, f- 75
14,803, £ 63
15,114, ff. 70, in*, 134*
15,278, f. 247
+ 15,294, f- 1
15,677, £ 114
15,702, f. 106
15,711, £ 123
15,813, f. 12
15,814, f- 7 .
i6,997, f- 9°
{17,012, £ 115
17,026, £ 135
17,280, £ 211
17,353, f- 84*
17,943, f- 69
18,751, f. 109
18,853, £ 65
{18,854, £ 91
19,417, f- 167 *
19,73s, £ 88 (grisaille)
21,909, £ 128
22,568, f. 116
22,590, f. 147 *
22,751, f. 20 *
23,774, f- 171
27,697, £ 155 *
28,271, £ 149
28,785, f. 102
28,962, ff. 82, 106 *, 346 *
29,706, £ 89
19,887, £ 115*
Ar. 104, f. 347
Burn. 352, f. 179
Dom. A xvii, f. 204 *
Eg. 1068, £ 44 *
Eg. 1070, f. 44 *
Eg. 1 147, £ 133
Eg. 2019, £ 104
Eg. 2045, £ 138
Eg. 2125, f. 34*
Harl. 1892, £ 32
Harl. 2846, £ 132
Harl. 2853, £ 116*
Harl. 2855, £ 16
Harl. 2858, f. 95 *.

David, King, (continued)
Harl. 2865, £ 77
Harl. 2867, £ 73
Harl. 2877, f- 73
Harl. 2900, £ 107
Harl. 2918, £ 87
Harl. 2919, £ 97
Harl. 2921, f. 73 *
Harl. 2922, f. 59
Harl. 2923, f. 90 *
Harl. 2924, £ 122
Harl. 2934, £ 82
Harl. 2935, £ 88
Harl. 2940, £ 90
Harl. 2950, £ 135
Harl. 2952, £ 165 (grisaille)
Harl. 2955, £ 61
Harl. 2959, f. 53
Harl. 2968, £ 73 *
Harl. 2671, f. 85
Harl. 2972, f. 83
Harl, 2974, £ 89
Harl. 2980, £ 38
Harl. 2989, £73
Harl. 2999, £ 102
Harl. 2999, f. 102
Harl. 3000, ff. 152, 212
Harl. 5328, f. 77
Harl. 5370, £ 127
Harl. 5762, £ 88
Harl.5763,f.52*(penandink)Harl. 5781, £ 96
Kings 6, f. 90
Kings 9, £ 156*
1 Eix, ff. 143,145,151,153,
158, 164*
2 A xii, ff. 275, 296, 304
2 A xvi, £ 63 *
2 B xv, £ 70 *
{15 Diii, ff. 252, 257, 265
19 D ii, ff. 242, 246
Slo. 961, £ 68
Slo. 2321, £ 66 *
Slo. 2419, f. 72 *
Slo. 2427, ff. 9,35*, 53*, 105
Slo. 2468, f. 87
Slo. 2474, £ 74
Slo. 2605, £ 60
Slo. 2732, £ 56

DA

94

DA

David, King, (continued.)
Slo. 2803, £ 117
Slo. 2916, £ 83*
Head of
Eg. 1500, £ 8*
Life of
25,695, f- 153
Rescuing the lamb from the
lion Vesp. A i, f. 53
Nero C iv, £ 7
Slaying lion
Tib. C vi, £ 8
Slaying lion and bear
16,975, f- 52 *
Slaying Goliath
Vitel. F. i, £ 1 (Irish work)
18,043, f- 64*
Ar. 155, £ 93
Tib. C vi, f. 8 *
Nero C iv, £ 6
1 D x, f. 52
2 A iii, £ 9 *
2 B iii, £ 15*
21,926, f. 26
28,784 A, £ 78
3o,°45, £ 8 *
19 D i, £ 252
Harl. 4381, f. 124
16,975, £ 62 *
28,162, f. 8*
29,253, f. 22
29,407, f. 9
Harl. 2916, £ 89
Harl. 2929, £ 75
Harl. 2948, £ 96
2 A xvi, f. 30
Harl. 2980, £ 38
Eg. 1066, £ 42 *
Eg. 2019, £ 104
{Eg. 2045, £ 138
Eg. 2076, £ 9 *
Dom. A xvii, £ 12
11,865, f- 53
15,528, £ 207 *
18,851, £ 191*
21,909, f. 128

David, King, (continued)
27,591, f- 14
{28,962, f. 81 *
Kings 6, £ 90
Cutting off Goliath's head
22,568, £ 115*
19,417, £ 168
Bringing Goliath's head
Harl. 2980, £ 38
17,280, £ 251
20,694, f. 84
Before Saul
Nero C iv, £ 6
28,162, f. 6 *
Taking the shewbread
30,084, £ 98 *
With Jonathan
28,162, £ 6 *
Ordering execution of the
slayer of Saul
19 D ii, £ 142
15,248, f. 76
Lamenting for Saul and
Jonathan {15 D iii, £ 124
17 E vii, £ 135
Harl. 2897, £ 225 *
Anointed by Samuel
{Tib. C vi, £ 9 *
Nero C iv, f. 7
14,819
21,926, £ 50
4836, f. 108
{18,851, £ 124
25,710, £ 35
30,059, £ 13
Coronation Harl. 4381, £ 123 *
Receiving water from the
Well of Bethlehem
{Eg. 1070, £ 139
Taking Jerusalem
26,667, f- 16*
Praying {Ar. 71, £ 9

DA

95

DE

David, King, (continued)
Playing with choir before
the Ark
{18,851, £ 155*
Beholding Bathsheba
Harl. 4381, £ 134
Kings 7, f. 57
Kings 8, £ 63 *
{Harl. 2936, £ 67
Harl. 2980, £ 38
Harl. 2989, £ 73
{Harl. 5763, £ 30* ¦
Slo. 2605, £ 59 *
4836, f. 108
11,865, £ 53
11,866, f. 95
18,751, f. 109
27,913, f- 35^
Meeting Bathsheba
Harl. 5763,f.34(penand ink)
Playing harp to Bathsheba
{Harl. 2683, £ 71
Sending Uriah to the war
Harl. 5763, £ 37 * (pen and
ink) Sending letter concerning
Uriah Eg. 2019, f. 104
Seated with queen
{15,248, £ 108*
Rebuked by Nathan
25,695, £ 153
Told of his child's death
Harl. 5763,£ 50 (pen and ink)
Cursed by Shimei
{18,851, f. 132
With Abishag the Shulamite
{Harl. 2897, £ 228
Playing on the cithern
{15,114, £ 14*
Playing on bells
{Harl. 2897, £ 62
Choice of (2 Sa. xxiv. 13, 14)
2 A xvi, £ 79

David, King, (continued)
With trumpeters before the
Temple Harl. 2917, £ 93
With a bird on sceptre
{Tib. C vi, £ 10
With courtiers playing on
various instruments
Vesp. A i, ff. 1 *, 30 *
Tib C vi, £ 30 *
Dom. A, xvii, f. 12
David, Prince, death of
Nero 6 ii, £ 181
Deacons, vested
27,697, f. 103*
+Eg. 1 139
In alb and stole
22,494, £ 43
See Ecclesiastical Vest
ments : — Dalmatics.
Dean
6 E vi, £ 475
Death personified
Tib. C vi, £ 6 *
Dom. A xvii, f. 148 *
15,813, £ 318*
17,012, £ 135
19,417, £ in
20,729, f . 6 *
25,695, f- 165
Harl. 5763, f. 1 (pen and ink)
Symbolized by pope, em
peror, and king, confronted
with similarly crowned ske
letons {Harl. 2917, f. 119
Attacking a maiden
Harl. 2865, £ 86
Harl. 2919, £ 112 *
Attacking three horsemen
11,866, f. 120
Slo. 2732 B, £ 71
Eg. 1 147, £ 156

DE

96

DE

Death personified, (cont)
Attacking pope, emperor,
and king
Harl. 2935, f. 120
Mounted, attacking pope
and emperor
18,751, f. 163
Riding on an ox, and shoot
ing at a king and pope
28,962, f. 378 *
Seizing a king
{Harl. 2936, £ 84
Riding a black horse, and
threatening a king, emperor,
and pope
Eg. 2019, f. 142
Riding the pale horse
15 D ii, £ 127
Dance of
17,280, ff. 280*, 281 V/
At a feast
Harl. 2943, £128
Lifting up coffin lid
Tib. A vii, f. 40
Chamber of ,
{Aug. A v, f. 425*
Death-bed scene
18 E ii, ff. 40*, 223
20 C ix, ff. 95, 310
15 Ei, £ 152
4836, f. 125
15,278, £ 142
With fiends
Harl. 3183, ff. 24*, 36, 40
Illustrating " Nunc Dimittis "
18,851, £ 196
Decoys, for game
27,699, ff. 109 *, etc.
Deer
20,916, f. 1
Stalking 27,699, ff- 5i, etc.
Deformities, human
29,301

Deijanira
Harl. 1766, ff. 70, 70*
Delilah cutting Samp
son's hair
17 E vii, £ 118
19 D ii, f. 124
Demetrius, King, head of
29,301, f- 40*
Demetrius and Arsinoe
Harl. 1766, £ 151
Denis, Saint
19 B xvii, £ 285 *
28,784, A, f. 75
Kings 7, £ 95
Slo. 2916, £ 121
Tib. B iii, £ 142
Harl. 2917, £ 178
Harl. 2919, £ 143
4836, ff. 10, 183 *
11,865, £5*
11,866, £ 171 *
i5,677, f- 145 <*
18,192, £ 212
Holding top of his head in
mitre 18,851, f. 471
Life of, with miracles of his
relics, fully illustrated
tEg. 745
Conversion of
18,850, £ 131
With companions
{Harl. 2897, £ 421
29,433, f- 206
Eg. 1070, £ 104
Communion of
Eg. 1070, f. 90 *
Martyrdom of
16,907, £ 244
Nero D ii, £ 33 *
Shrine of
Slo. 2433, f- 78 *
Desideratus
i7,3S3, f- 140

DE

97

DE

DEVIL. — The earliest forms of Devils and Demons
in art are but little different from the conventional form adopted
by delineators of the present age. Abundance of ugliness, feet
with talons or hoofs, horns, bat-like or feathered wings, a
countenance filled with scorn, lust, and envy, faces or eyes in
various parts of his body, uncouth forms and hard lines enter
prominently into the representations. As no unimportant part
in the lives and passions of the saints is performed by devils,
so in Manuscripts representing these lives, numerous figures of
these evil beings are found. The Devil is also the distinctive
emblem of several saints, but the most common illustration is to
to be found in the temptation of Jesus Christ, which is treated
in various ways according to the mannerism of the age.
For an article upon Devil as represented in art, the reader
is referred to the English Cyclopcedia, Arts and Sciences Supple
ment, cols. 741-747, where there will be found a useful list of
works of reference, and pictures from the following Manuscripts
are given : Tib. C vi, f. 10*, an early English eleventh century
representation of the Temptation of Jesus Christ in the desert
(Mat. ix. 9) ; Harl. Roll y 6, a fine specimen of twelfth century
English art showing St. Guthlac scourging the Devil ; Ar. 83,
the " Harrowing of Hell," or descent of Jesus Christ to liberate
the Spirits of the Departed, a picture of English art of the early
fourteenth century; and 27,697, f. 62, the Temptation, from
a French Manuscript of the middle of the fifteenth century.

{Harl. Roll, y 6
Tib. B v, £ 87 *
28,784, B, ff. 14*, 7 *
1 D x, ff. 52 *, 62
Eg. 943
Ar. 83, f. 133-*
16,975, £ 63
i7,34i, ff- 27*, 13° ^
29,253, f- 4i
{18,633, ff. 16, 23
i9,587
{Harl. 1526
Harl. 1527, £ 18*
Harl. 3240, ff. 16*, 22, 24
Harl. 4972, £ 36 *
Harl. 4940, £ 9
Harl. 2897, £ 33 *
6 E vi, £ 90 *
19 B xvii, ff. 126, 268 *
19 Ci
Tib. A vii
{Tib. B iii, £ 145 *
Lans. 1 179

Burn. 297, £ 38 *
15,677, f- 32
Harl. 1766, £ 200
Harl. 2915, £ 43*
Harl. 3183
Harl. 441 1, £ 14
Harl. 4431, £ no*
15 E h, £ 38
17 B xliii, ff. 132 *, 149 *
17 E iv, £ 143
{17 F ii, f. 235*
{17 F vii, 129
{Sio. 3049, £ 27 *
Driven out of church
10 E iv, £ 242
In stocks
10 E iv, ff. 188*, 191*, 223*,
225*
Upsetting inkstand
27,697, £ 13
See John, Saint. 8

DE

98

DI

Devil, (continued.)
Appearing to monk in dream
10 E iv, f. 221
Drowning a woman
10 E iv, ff. 192, 192 *
Drowning a monk
10 E iv, f. 226
Incubus {Ar. 484, f. 244
Throwing a saint down stairs
Nero E ii, £ 44 *
Roasting a corpse
Harl. 3448, f. 24
Behind altar
Nero E ii, f. 129*
With souls
Nero C iv, £ 38
Harl. 4996, £ 40
Swallowing a soul
+ 2 9,433, f- 89
Carrying away soul from a
dead man
Ar. 83, £.129
19 C i, £ 203 *
Disputing with angel for sopl
, 18,751, £ 163
Contending with archangel
See Michael, Saint.
Miscellaneous (with names)
11,695, ff 2, 102 *
Satan Cal. A xiv, ff. 25, 29
Tib. C vi, £ 10 *
{Nero C iv, £ 18
Ar. 157, ff. 5*, 6, 52, 60*
2 B ui, f. 37
Cleop. C xi, ff. 2*21
+ 27,697, f- 60
Arts of, illustrated
19 C i, f. 32
Fishing for men
Tib. A vii, £ 52 *
Hunting Tib. A vii, £ 57

Devil, (continued)
Before God (Book of Job)
Harl. 4381, f. 215*
Hunting, illustrating " de
venatione diaboli " in Saint
Anselm's Apologeticum
Cleop. C xi, £ 42 *
See Hell. Jesus Christ
Deucalion creating men
with stones
{HarL 4425, £ 153
Diagrams, allegorical and
philosophicalHarl. 2637
Cal. A xv
Tib. C i
Titus D iii
Scientific Burn. 279
Dial ,
Tib. C, vi, £ 7
Diana or Luna
22,329, f. 7
See Constellations
Dice
6 E vi, f. 73
29,434, £19^
Table Lans. 1 1 79. £ 156*
Players Tib.Avii, £ 78*
10 E iv, £ 92 *
Lans. 1179, f. 156*
DlDlER, King
Harl. 1766, f. 233*
Dido, Life of
Harl. 1766, £ 112*, etc.
With ./Eneas
Kings 24, f. 59

di

99

DO

Dido, (continued.)
Death of
Kings 24, £ 101 *
Harl. 4425, f. 117 *
14 E v, £ 77 *
Diedo (Aloysius), " Pri-
micerio" of St. Mark's,
Venice. Portrait
15,817, £ 1*
Digging
14 E vi, f. 197
20,698, ff. 17, 22
See Adam. -Spade
Dinah carried off by
Shechem 24, 678, f. 12
Diogenes in tub
Burn. 169, £ 25
Dionysius of Sicily, tor
tures by
Aug. A v, f. 99 *
Dionysius, Saint
See Denis.
Diseases, various cures for
Slo. 1975, £ 91 *, etc.
Disguise, burning clothes
and preparing for
10 E iv, f. 180*
Disciples seeking room
to prepare Passover in, and
meeting man bearing pitcher
i5,S25, f- 47
Disciplines
Harl. Roll Y, 6
Dishes
Tib. C vi, £ 5 *
Nero C iv, £ 17
17,738, f- 4
1 D x, f. 3 *
See Feast. Utensils.

Diving Apparatus
15 E vi, £ 20*
19 D i, f. 37 *
20 B xx, £ 77*
See Alexander.
Divitiacus, figure of
Harl. 6205, £ 32
Doctor of Laws
25,695, f- 165
Dog
Harl. 603, £ 32
Slo. 1975
{",283, f- 9b
28,784 b, ff. 6*, 14
{10,292, £ 76
Burn. 275
15,685, f. 51
i6,997, f- 44*
17,280, ff. 129*, 190*
{Burn. 97, f. 17 *
Eg 2045, £ 89
Harl. 2950, £ 78
Harl. 4372, f. 215 *
Harl. 4374, £ 1, etc.
Harl. 4375, ff.i 18, 1 57*, etc.
Harl. 4431
14 E v, £ 451
14 E vi, £ 10
15 E vi, f. 17
18 E iii, ff. 71, etc.
Hunting rabbits with
10 E iv, £ 40, 53
With bell-collar
10 E iv, £ 160*
Greyhounds Harl. 4372, f. 12
{Harl. 6205, ff. 32, 43
Lans. 1 1 78, f. 53*
{16 F ii, £ 188
20 D viii, £ 1
Lap-dog Harl. 4431, ff. 1, 3
10 E iv, f. 185
14 E iii, ff. 3, 146 8*

DO

IOO

DO

Dog, (continued)
21,247, £ 69
19 B xiii, £ 138 *
Mad Harl. 1585, £ 45 *
Harl. 5294, £ 8 *
For hunting
27,699 17 A lv, ff. 3, 4
In leash
6 E vi, £ 143
Feeding Harl. 4375, £ 257*
Management of
27,699, ff. 28 *, etc.
Teaching a
20 D iv, £ 102 *
Tales concerning dogs
Slo. 3544, ff. 13*, 14
12 C xix, f. 21
12 Fxiii, ff. 30*, 33
11,283
Harl. 3244, f. 45
Attack by
11,283, f- 10
Biting a man
Harl. 5294, £ 25
Leading old man, and hold
ing a bowl in its mouth, a cari
cature 10,294, £ 1
Devouring carcase
Harl. 4979, £ 8 *
15 E vi, £ 24 *
Carried in cart to be hanged
by hares
10 E iv, ff. 63, 64
Dolphin charmed by
music
Slo. 3544, f. 42 *
Figure upon
Harl. 5256

Domestic scenes
Harl. 4379
17 E iv
20 C ii
20 D iv
Dominic, Saint
Harl. 2449
Harl. 2897, £ 353
Kings 7, £ 98
Eg. 859, £ 20
28,962, £ 67 *
18,851, £ 423*
Donato (Francisco) , Doge
of Venice, a.d. 1551
Harl. 3395
Donatus, Saint
22,498, £ 3
30,038, £ 49 *
Dorothea, Saint
Dom. A xvii, £ 149
Harl. 125 1, £ 52 *
i7,525, f- 179^
Harl. 2854, £ 255
Martyrdom of
+24,153, f- H7*
Dorymedon, Saint, mar
tyrdom of
11,870, £ 141
Dove
2 B xv, £ 13 *
Harl. 2950, ff. 33, 65 *, 120,
242 Harl. 2969, £ 134
{Slo. 2321, f. 117 *
Slo. 2571, f. 37
Slo. 2418, £ 130*
17,012, £ 59*
17,280, £ 61
27,697, ff. i3) 52*
Drawing car of Venus
Harl. 4425, f. 138 *

DO

101

DR

Dove, (continued)
Upon queen's crowned head
Tit. A xvii, f 33
Brooding over the deep
Eg. 2019, £ 135
Ringdove 24,686, f. n
Dove cot
{i8Gii, f. 156
Dragon
18,043, f- 64 *
Harl. 603, £ 51 *
Tib. C vi, f. 16
Slo. 1975
21 C xix. £ 62
{Harl. 3244, £ 59
Harl. 4751
Harl. 4972, £ 23
Slo. 278, ff. 44*, 48 *, 57
Cleop. C xi, f. 9
10 E iv, ff. 173, 178*
15 D ii, ff. 134*, 149, 160
16 G vii
20 A v, ff. 6, 7, 67 *
19 D i, f. 4*
Harl. 4382, ff. 254*, 257*,
258* Harl. 4979, ff. 11, etc.
Harl. 3448, £ 12 *
Nero A. iv, f. 65
Burn. 257
15 E vi, ff. 6, etc.
16 G v, ff. 5, 101, etc.
DRAWINGS. — Under this heading are included
specimens of two classes of pictures, different in some respects,
yet showing very clearly the development of the one from the
other. The one class comprises chiefly those fine-lined nervous
drawings of a style that appears to have risen to a considerable
degree of excellence in England as early as the eleventh century,
and, after passing through various stages, to have culminated in
such beautiful work as that of Matthew Paris's " Life of Offa "
(Nero D i), in the thirteenth century, when its place as a
distinct style was taken by the other class of coloured, shaded,
or tinted drawings, distinct from body-colour miniatures. The
two styles are almost exclusively English, and when such books

Dragon, (continued)
{17 F ii, £ 290 *
20 B xx, ff. 8 *, 49 *, 73, 83
20 C v, ff. 7, 131 *
Hart. 1662, ff. 90, 104, 118
Harl. 4431, ff. in, 122,122*
Harl. 17 1 7, ff. 1, etc.
Harl. 4939, £ 7
Aug. A v, £ 451
Jul. F vii
Tale of a
10 E iv, ff. 80, etc.
Enclosed in barrel
Harl. 4379, f. 29 *
Harl. 4380, £ 22
In combat with bear
13 A iii, £ 105
With elephant
Slo. 3544, f. 35 *
With men
Harl. 4979, £ 67 *
Winged, with human faces
crowned Slo. 2452, £ 7
' In bed
Burn. 169, £ 14
Intertwined 15,685, £ 51
Slain Harl. 4431, £ 99
Draughts, game at
20 D xi, f. 1

DR

1 02

DR

as the Utrecht, or the Harley Psalter (Harl. 603) are compared
with the tinted drawings in the Arundel Psalter (Ar. 83), the
St. Alban's Psalter (2 B vi), or the wonderful fourteenth century
frescoes in Norwich Cathedral, it is hard to give any preference
to either as regards grace, vigour, or life-like representation. Yet
there can be little doubt that the plain monochrome pen and
ink sketches of the early books are the lineal ancestors, through
the somewhat later polychrome pen drawings, of those delicately
shaded fourteenth century pictures, the joint work of pen and
brush, of which we have just spoken. This development is,
however, quite separate from that of painting in body colour,
which seems to have progressed quite independently of the
other, and never appears to have attained to anything like that
freedom and life so characteristic of the outline, or tinted
drawings, through a far stricter observance of conventional
canons of art, encouraged no doubt by the different capabilities
of the medium employed.

OUTLINE
Spanish, 10th century
30844, et seq.
English, nth century
24,199
Ar. 60
Ar. 155
Cleop. C viii
Jul. A vi
Tib. A iii
Tib. B v
Tib. C vi
Tit. D xxvi
Tit. D xxvii
Harl. 603
Harl. 2904
French, nth century
11,662 (injured)
English, 1 2 th century
Harl. Roll y 6
English, 13th century
11,283
Jul. D vii
Nero D i
French, 13th century
Lans. 782
16 E viii
English, 14th century
Harl. 273, ff. 70, etc.
Harl. 621, ff. 11 *, etc.

French, 14th century
20 A v
20 C vi
Italian 14th century
19,587, ff. 103, etc.
23,144, ff- 4, 6
English, 15 th century
Harl. 318, £ 8*
{Harl. 512, ff. 89, 89*
Harl. 167 1
{1 B x
German, 16th century
Slo'. 5228
SHADED
Cal. A xv, f. 122 *
12,228 (injured by being
painted at a later time)
15,47719,587
Harl. 4389
25,884
27,699
+ 29,301
{Eg. 912
Eg. 2022
Tib. A vii
Jul. F vii
Harl. 44 1 1

DR

103

DU

{20

Drawings, (continued.)
17 C xxxviii
20 A xix
20 B xx, £ 53 *
ao C viii, £ 2*
Slo. 2433 A-C
Harl. 4924
Dreamers and dreams
14 E ii, ff. 1, 17 ^fr^
Dreaming of birds
10,292, f. 29
Dreams of Pharaoh
15,268, £ 56*
Dromedary
Harl. 3244, £ 48
Harl. 4751, £ 26 *
Eg. 2045, £ 95
See Camel.
Drowning, man taken
into a boat
23,929, f- 5
Scenes of
10 E iv, ff. 192, 226, etc.
Burn. 257, f. 296*
Ducks, in a pond
{21,463
Wild
24,686, f. 13 *
Dog chasing
17 F vi, £ 126
Duels, or combats of
knights, etc.
10,292-10,29412,228, £ 337 (both horses
and knights killed)
15,268, ff. 103, etc.
30,894, £ 10 *
Harl. 4389
Harl. 4903

Duels, {10 E
20 D
Burn.Nero NeroHarl.Harl. 14 E
14 E
14 E
15 E
17 F
{18 E
19 E
19 E
20 B
20 C

(continued) iv, ff.313*, etc.
h, £ 225
257
D ix, £ 103
E ii, £ 124
4374, ff- 224, 237 .
4385, f- M9 b
iii, ff. 3, 89, 156 *
iv, f. 267 *
v, £ 440 *
vi, £ 220 *
ii, £ 148
iv, £ 292
iii, £ 223
ii, £ 319*
xx, ff. 53, 54
ii, £ 66 *

In lists
Nero D ii, f. 252
Jul. E iv, f. 207 *
Harl. 4375, f. 171*
Harl. 4379, £ 19*, etc.
19 E ii, £ 306
Between Cassar and Pompey
17 F ii, £ 250
Between an Athenian and a
Macedonian Burn. 169, £ 179*
Of two clerks
6 E vi, £ 302 *
Of wrestlers
Burn. 257, f. 201
With fists
Burn. 257, £ 24*
With slings
Burn. 257, £ 197
With stones
Burn. 257, £ 194*
With swords, in presence of
a lady 10 E iv, £ 179 *
Of mermen
20 A v, £ 71 *

du

104

EC

Duels, (continued.)
Comic Burn. 275
10 E iv
20 D iv, ff. 1, 53, etc.
14 E iii, £ 140
See Tournament.
Dumnorix, portrait of
Harl. 6205, £ 32
Dunstan, Saint
Claud. A iii, f. 7
Writing {10 A xiii, £ 2*
Overcoming the devil
10 E iv, £ 250*
Durer (Albert), draw
ings of
Slo. 5228
Dwarf
20 A xvii, f. 100
Dyeing
15 E iii, £ 264

E.
Eagle
{Harl. 3403
6 E vi, £ 128
Harl. 3380
And nest of young
{Harl. 3448, £ 39
14,816, ff. 8*, 10*
And prey
{Harl. 3448, £ 13 *
Earth

lth, properties of the
17 E iii, f. 175 4^
Easel, painter's
{Aug. A v, £ 25*
Harl. 4425, £ 142
East, marvels of the
19 Di
17 C xxxviii
Ebba, Saint, Abbess of
Coldingham Harl. Roll, y 6

ECCLESIASTICAL CEREMONIES.— In a large
number of the Manuscripts referring to liturgical subjects, there
occur representations of the various ceremonies of the Church.
These are probably always designed in a very literal manner, and
hence are of great use in showing the numerous differences that
exist between the rites of the middle ages and those of the pre
sent day. Those acquainted with matters of ritual know very
well that many modifications have taken place in the manner of
celebrating Divine worship since the date of the Manuscripts to
which this book refers, and the pictures to which we give refer
ences will be of great use in showing the extent of these modifi
cations, as well as in determining many points with regard to
extinct uses, such as those of England before the schism of the
1 6th century. In our list there are a great many references to
Burial Services. This is due to the fact that almost every Book
of Hours has a picture of a funeral, illustrative of the " Officium
Defunctorum." The large number of Coronation Services is
due to the constant recurrence of such pictures in chronicles and
general historical books. But of the other ceremonies by far the

EC

105

EC

greater number to be found represented are those which belong
to the two great Sacraments " ordained by Christ Himself : "
Baptism and the Holy Eucharist. The former of these is
generally represented as performed in a manner at present
unusual in the West (though allowed by both Roman and English
communions), but compulsory in the Eastern Church — viz. :
by immersion. The person baptised appears in the font,
entirely undressed and immersed to the waist, while the priest
pours water, generally from a shell, on his head. As regards
the pictures of Masses and other ceremonies connected with the
Blessed Sacrament, there is very little to be said. As a rule the
supreme moment of consecration is chosen for representation,
and the positions of the priest and his subordinates differ but little
from that to be seen at the present day in churches of the Roman
rite. In determining the order in which we have placed the
headings in our list, we have adopted a classification which tends
to bring together the subjects which relate one to the other,
rather than to place them in strict alphabetical order. For this
reason we have put all ceremonies of blessing inanimate objects
together, and have arranged the seven Sacraments under one
heading, with a subdivision allotted to each, which in its turn is
further subdivided (if necessary) into the various ceremonies
which either form part of or are mixed up with each Sacrament.

Asperges 22,494, £ 43
Blessing of Banners
Tib. B viii, £ 71
Of the dead
21,926, f. 208 *
Of holy water
16,998, £ 8
Of a horse and armour
15 E vi, f. 223
Of images
Eg. 1067, f. 170
Burial of the Dead
10 E iv, £ 201
19 B xvii, £ 306 *
19 Ci, f. 76*
19 D i, £ 216
20 C vii, £ 200
23,145, f- 188
27,428, £ 66 *
29,902, £ 2
4836, f. 125
11,867, £ 93

12,231, £ 88

15,267, £ 176*

15,702, £ 138

16,997, ff. 119*,

171 *

17,353, f- i°i^

17,467, £ 120*
{18,192, £ no
18,213, t. 101
18,751, £ 163
19,416, £ 148 *
19,962, ff. 61, 66
84*
20,787, £ 82 *
21,909, £ 86
22,494, f- 38
22,568, £ 147
24,189, £ 7
25,695, f- 165
{27,697, ff. 118*,
194
27,948, £ 122 *
28,271, £ 93
{28,785, f. 120
29,706, £ 116
Ar. 302, f. 77 *
Ar. 341, £ 104
Nero E ii, £ 131
EC

1 06

EC

Ecclesiastical Cere
monies, (continued.)
{Eg. 2019, f. 142
{Eg. 2125, £ 117*
Eg. 1070, ff. 54*, 117
Eg. 1 147, £ 156
Kings 6, £ 106 *
Harl. 1251, £ 148
Harl. 2846, £ 152 *
Harl. 2865, f. 46 *
Harl. 2867, £ 113
Harl. 2884, f. 264*
Harl. 2887, £ 80
Harl. 2900, ff. 131, 179
Harl. 2915, £ 55*
Harl. 2918, £ 104
Harl. 2921, £ 84*
Harl. 2922, £ 80
Harl. 2933, £ 119
Harl. 2940, £ 12*6
Harl. 2943, £ 89 *
Harl. 2947, £ 78
Harl. 2948, £ 126
Harl. 2955, f. 76
Harl. 2959, £ 68
Harl. 2966, £ 63 *
{Harl. 2971, £ no
Harl. 2974, f. 112
Harl. 2979, f. 88
Harl. 2982, f. 71
Harl. 2998, £ 60 *
Harl. 3999, £ 25
Harl. 4375, f. 1
Harl. 4431, £ 139 *
Harl. 5370, f. 173
Harl. 5781, £ 124
Burn. 352, £ 137
2 A viii, f. 84 *
2 A xviii, £78
15 E vi, £ 13*
20 B xx, ff. 38*, 54*
{20 C ix, f. 11
{Slo. 2321, ff. 79, 93*
{Slo. 2468, £ 163
Slo. 2471, £ 126*
Slo. 2683, £ 82 *
Slo. 2692, £ 113 * (Grisaille)
Slo. 2803, f. 138
Vesp. B iii

Ecclesiastical Cere
monies, (continued)
Lying in State
Aug. A v, £ 425 *
20 D ii, £ 301
Censing 21,909, f- 39
Consecration, of an altar
6 E vi, £ 74
Eg. 1067, £ 129
Of altar vessels
Eg. 1067, £ 163
Of a cemetery
Eg. 1067, £ 149*
Of church
6 E vi, ff. 385, 477
29,902, £ 3
10 E iv, £ 242
17,008, £ 3
17,742, f. 182
+ 29,704, f- 34
Eg. 1067, £ 100
2 A xii, £ 366
2 B xiii, £ 22 *
Of oil
Eg. 1067, £ 195
Coronations Tib. B viii, ff. 33-63*
(French kings)
Tib. B viii, ff. 64-70 (French
queens) 16 G vi
20 C vii
16 G vii, £ 125
19 D i, ff. 7, etc.
20 A v, £ 12
12,531, f- 4
15,269, ff. 2, etc.
20,698, £ 43 *
21,143, ff- 381, 420, etc.
Aug. A v, f. 293* (Cleopatra)
Jul. E iv, £ 202 *
Nero E ii, ff. 31, etc.
14 D iv, £ 133
14 D iv, f. 133
15 E i, ff. 258, 330
15 E iv, ff. 234, 244, 255*

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Ecclesiastical Cere
monies, (continued)
18 G h, f. 160
20 B xx, f. 14
20 C i, £ 287 * (in a bed)
20 D xi, f. 103 *
20 E v, f. 8
Harl. 200
{Harl. 4379, f. 112 *
Harl. 441 1, ff. 24, 44, 144*
Slo. 2433
Degradation of a Priest
6 E v, f. 479 *
Deposition of a Priest
6 E vi, £ 497
Excommunication 6 E vi, £ 2 1 6 *
6 E vii, £ 75 *
Ar. 439, f. 222
Holy Week Ceremonies
Maundy Thursday washing
Eg. 1067, f. 186
Slo. 2433 B, £ 139 *
Adoration of the Cross
29,433, f- 193^
Paschal candle, blessing of
30,337
Monastic Ceremonies
Confirmation of an abbot
1067, £ 65 *
Profession of a monk
24,642, f. 199 *
Of a nun
Eg. 1067, £ 75
27,428, f. 61
Daily offices
28,962, £ 184*
Dom. A xvii, ff. 176, etc.
Preaching 17,280, £ 61
25,089, £ 79
29,704, £ 19
See Ecclesiastical Furni
ture : — Pulpits.

Ecclesiastical Cere
monies, (continued)
Procession Eg. 1070, £ 72 y <¦*
15 E i, £ 130
Slo. 2433 4^"^
Sacraments Baptism 10 D viii, f. 267
6 E vi, £ 3 1 7 * (Sponsors
lifting child to font)
24,642, £ 259
Harl. 1526, £ 7 *
{Eg. 745, f. 1
10 E iv, £ 125 (of twins)
1 o E iv, f. 2 3 o * (by sprinkling)
16 G vi, £ 128 (three chil
dren) 20 C vii, £ 31
18,851, £ 194
20,787, £ 4.
29,704, f. 18
Eg. 2019, £ 135 (water
poured on infant)
{Lans. 782, £ 18 *
Lans. 1 1 79, ff 8*, 251*,
339* Harl. 326, £ 8
Harl. 17 17, £ 13*
Harl. 441 1, f. 7 *
Jul. E iv, art 6, f. 1 *
Nero E ii, £ 176
Otho. C iv, f. 73 *
Refused Tib. B vii; £ 47 *
Of a king
14 E iii, £ 86
Of princes
Slo. 2433 C, ff. 128*, 142
Eucharist Mass 6 E vi, £ 246 * (low)
Lans. 782, £ 25
10 E iv, £ 258

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Ecclesiastical Cere
monies, (continued.)
{15,813, £ 155
15,814, £ 144
16,997, f- 145
17,280, ff. 52, 97
+ 19,897, f- 12
29,433, ff- 18*, 188*
29,704, f- 38
{30,038, f. 236
Harl. 1319, £ 41 *
Harl. 2915, f. 84
Harl. 2955, £ 143
Nero E ii, ff. 129 *, 202
Mass for the dead
Eg. 1070, f. 106
17,280, f. 53
18,192, f. no
{Slo. 2468, £115
Priest preparing for Mass
17,006, f. 8
Elevation of Host
Harl. 2930, f. 78 *
17,006, f. 108
10 E iv, £ 167
19 C i, £ 57 b
{Harl. 2897, f. 211 *
Harl. 2952, £ 57
11,866, £ 156*
+ 29,704, f- 7
Eg. 1070, £ 93 *
Consecration of chalice
Harl. 2891, £ 144
Ringing sacring bells
10 E iv, £ 257
Communion 6 E vi, £ 337 *
{10 D viii, f. 234*
{Tib. B viii, £ 63 *
10 E iv, f. 182 *
Eg. 1070, £ 90 *
17,026, £ 38
17,280, f. 96 *
{18,192, £ 196
Harl. 2915, £ 84*

Ecclesiastical Cere
monies, (continued)
Carrying Host to sick
6 E vi, f. 427 *
Communion of sick
6 E vii, £ 70
Viaticum to the dying
Eg. 2019, £ 142
Exposition of Blessed Sacra
ment 22,590, f. 32
16,998, £ 89
Benediction with the Host
17,280, £ 104 *
Doctrine (symbolised by
figure of our Lord with stream
ing wounds in chalice upheld
by angels)
17,047, £ 1*
(Symbolised by figure of our
Lord descending into a chalice)
15,817, £ 1*
Confirmation {Eg. 1067, £ 12
Penance Confession 6Evi,ff. 19, 354*, 357, 368*
Cleop. C xi, £ 29
Harl. 2897, £ 220
{Eg. 2019, £ 135
{20,729, £ 105 *
Tib. B iii, £ 147 *
Reception of penitents
Eg. 1067, ff. 182, 186*
Penitential service(?)
19,962, £ 118
Matrimony Betrothal 10 D viii, f. 255 *
Marriage 6 E vi, £ 196
Ar. 484, £251
24,678, £ 15

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Ecclesiastical Cere
monies, (contiuued.)
io D viii, ff. 255 *, 262 *, 266
12,029, f- 9
23,923, f- 72 *
24,642, £ 247
16 G vii, f. 20 *
Burn. 169, £ 149 *
Jul. E iv, £ 222
Harl. 326, £ 9
Harl. 4379, £ 12 *
Harl. 4380, f. 5
Harl. 441 1, f. 71 *
Lans. 1 1 79, f. 24
14 E iv, ff. 39, 284, etc.
15 E i, ff. 171, 224*, etc.
15 E vi, £ 13*
16 G v, £ 123
20 C ii, £ 165
20 E iii, £ 61 *
20 E vi, £ 9 *
Holy Orders
Ordination, general
Harl. Roll, y 6
Conferring the tonsure
14,805, £ 4 *
Clerks 14,805, £ 5
Ostiarius 14,805, f. 6 *
Eg. 1067, £ 19
Lector 14,805, £ 7 *
Exorcist 14,805, £ 9
ECCLESIASTICAL FURNITURE. —This head-
ing contains', in alphabetical order, a number of good instances of
the necessary furniture of Churches. We need hardly explain
that other instances are sure to be found in pictures which record
the ceremonies in which these articles are likely to be used.
Thus of course a picture of the celebration of Mass would always
include an altar, often a reredos or dorsal cloth, sometimes a
baldachino, and occasionally a lectern, stalls, etc., and under these
headings the inquirer will do well to look if the instances given
fail to satisfy him.

Ecclesiastical Cere
monies, (continued.)
Acolyte 14,805, £ 11
Sub-deacon (putting on
amice, maniple and dalmatic)
14,805, £ 17*
Sub-deacon (giving chalice
and epistle book)
14,805, £ 16 *
Deacon (imposition of hands)
14,805, £ 22 *
Deacon (putting on stole and
giving gospel book)
14,805, £ 23 *
Deacon (newly ordained
reading gospel at mass ?)
14,805, £ 25
Priest Eg. 1067, f. 35 *
Priest (imposition of hands)
14,805, f. 27*
Priest (putting on the stole)
14,805, f.
Priest (anointing)
14,805, £ 31 *
Priest (putting on the chasuble)
14,805, f. 30 *
Priest (giving chalice to)
14,805, f. 32
Consecration of bishop
6 E vi, f. 387 *
24,642, £ 196
Eg. 1067, f. 44*
.Harl. 2938, f . 1 *

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Ecclesiastical Furni
ture, (continued.)
Altar Harl. 603, f. 29 *
Harl. Roll, y 6
15,274
17,333, f- 23*
24,642, ff. 80*, 145, 168, etc.
{Tib. B viii
Eg. 745
Harl. 2897, £ 211 *
Harl., 4381, ff. 63, 117
19 B xiii, f. 8
16 G vi
20 C vii
15,269, ff. 99 *, 106 *
16,997, ff- 72*, 119*, H5
17,012, f. 28 *
17,026, f. 38
18,851, f. 289
20,787, £ 92 *
26,667, f- 6
27,697, ff 103*, 104*
28,962, ff. 36, 44*, 281 *
Tib. A vii, f. 68 (with seven
figures on reredos)
Tit. A xvii, f. 17
Eg. 2022, f . 8 *
Eg. 2045, ff. 100*, 138,185*
Harl. 1 25 1, ff. 44, 48
Harl. 2846, £ 33 *
Harl. 2950, ff. 96 *, 243 *
Harl. 2974, £ 89
Harl. 2982, f. 13 *
1 E ix, f. 267 *
14 E iv, ff. 39, 170, 193,
225, etc.
15 E v, f. 3 (portable),
16 G v, f. 105 *
20 C i, f. 293
20 C v, ff. 99*, 137 *
Slo. 2433, B, £ 72
Harl. 4381, f. 187 (priest
standing at north end)
Ambo 3°,337
Baldachino 15,216, f. 93

Ecclesiastical Furni
ture, (continued.)
16,997, ff- "9^, 145
18,751, f. 90*
{21,463 Ar. 255
Nero E ii, f. 129 *
Eg. 2045, ff. 100*, 138, 178*
Harl. 4372, £ 140
Harl. 4385, ff. 1, 40
20 B xv, f. 2
Bier Harl. Roll, y 6
Bier, or Catafalque
See Ecclesiastical Cere
monies : — Burial.
Confessional Harl. 4425, £ 143
Curtains 19,897, f. 12
Font 24,642, f. 259
Harl. 1527, ff. 8*, 9
Otho C iv, f. 73 *
Harl. 326, f. 8
Harl. 441 1, f . 7 *
Lans. 1179, ff. 8*, 271*, etc.
See Ecclesiastical Cere
monies : — Baptism.
Desk or lectern
8 F viii, £ 168 *
16,997, f- 145
18,851, £ 289
19,897, f. 12
Dom. A xvii, ff. 11 *, 176
Pulpit 15,685, £ 1
Harl. 4380, f. 20
Harl. 4425, f. 169
4727 Lans. 1179, ff. 60, 312
Eg 745
{10 E iv, £ 3*
16 G vii, £ 320
20 A v, £ 27 *

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Ecclesiastical Furni
ture, (continued.)
Reredos io E iv, £ 199, 225
15,813, f. 155
14,805
{28,962, ff. 44*, 263 *, 281 *
Dom. A xvii, ff. 11 *, 120*
148*, 175 *
Tib. A vii, £ 68
Screen, chancel
28,962, £ 263 *
Screen, rood
16,997, ff. 119 *, 171 *
Shrine or niche
Burn. 275, £ 33*
i5,47'7, f- 39 b
Harl. 2278
10 E iv, f. 206 *

Ecclesiastical Furni
ture, (continued.)
19 E vi, £ 10
Stalls choir
16,997, £ 145
{18,192, f. -110
{Dom. A xvii, ff. 11*, 73*,
120*, 148*, 175 *
Eg. 2125, £ 117*
Tabernacle Slo. 961, £ 68
Tabernacle under baldachino
16,997, £ 119*
Triptych {Tib. B viii
18,192, £ no
19,897, £ 12
Eg. 1070, £ 117
Eg. 2125, ff. 117*, 142*

ECCLESIASTICAL UTENSILS.— The remarks
made respecting ecclesiastical furniture will apply equally to
this heading. We have been able to get together a tolerably
long list of sacred vessels and other church utensils, but more
instances of these may be found under the various headings of
Ceremonies which easily suggest themselves to the reader.

Candles 20,787, ff. 63, 82 *, etc.
20 A v, £ 51 *
Ar. 302, f. 77 *
Tib. B viii
i5>456, f- 2
14,805, f. 11
See Ecclesiastical Furni
ture : — Altar.
Censer. See Thurible.
Chalices
Harl. Roll y, 6
Ar. 484, £ 203
6 E vi, £ 246 *
17,333, f- lb
Tib. B viii
Harl. 6563, f. 3
15. Dii, £ 177 b

And Host
15,281, £ 75
21,973, f- 86*
27,697, £ 206
2 B xiii, £ 22 (borne by
angels) See Ecclesiastical Cere
monies : — Mass.
Chalice veil
6 E vi, £ 246 *
Chalice veiled
i7,°°5, f- 4
Ciborium 10 D viii, f. 234*
Crosier Tib. C vi, £ 114*
{2 A xxii, £ 221

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Ecclesiastical Uten
sils, (continued.)
{Tib. B viii
Harl. 6563, £ 59
17,026, f. 76 *
24,098, f. 1
Tib. Biii,.£ 142*
Harl. 2938, f. 1 *
17 B xliii, £ 132*
{Kings 9, £ 51*
See Archbishop.
Crosses, processional
{Tib. B viii
Crucifix 6 E vi, ff. 417 *, 425 *
6 E vii, ff. 117*, 120, 130
28,681, £5*
Harl. 2919, £ 144
Slo. 2571, f. 38
18,851, £ 343
18,854, £ 78 *
20,916, ff. 18, 19, 29, etc.
See Ecclesiastical Furni
ture : — Altar.
{8 F viii, £ 166* (for pec
toral) Flagon, etc.
15 E v, £ 3
14,805, £ 11
Holy water sprinkler
17,005, f. 4
{Tib. B viii
Slo. 2803, f. 138
10 E iv, ff. 108, 108*, etc.
20 A v, ff. 37, 83*
Harl. 2332, f. 62
Holy water stoup
Harl. 2930, f. 14*
l6,975, f- 23
22,279, f. 17
10 E iv, ff. 108, 109, etc.
15,216, £ 93
17,008, f. 3
18,192, £ no
Slo. 2321, f. 93*

Ecclesiastical Uten
sils, (continued.)
Houseling cloth
6 E vi, f. 337 *
Lamps 24,642, ff.8o *, 145, 168, etc.
Monstrance i5',8i3, £ 189
15,815, f. 25*
20,729, £ 70*
Eg. 2125, £ 142 *
Tib. A vii, £ 102
Harl. 2835, £ 112*
Harl. 2854, £ 211 *
Harl. 2855, f. 183
Slo. 2471, f. 106*
Pall (for chalice)
6 E vi, £ 246 *
Pastoral staff
Ar. 155, £ 133
Cleop. C xi, £ 48 *
Harl. 2908
",695, f- 194
Harl. Roll v, 6
i7,o°5, f- 4
5 E xi, f. 2
Harl. 4381, £ 141
20 D vi, £ 139 *
15,244, £ 2
19,897, £ 12
28,962. ff. 4*, 345
Eg. 859, ff. 3, 5, 16
Eg. 1067
Harl. 2938, f. 1 *
Tib. B iii, £ 142 *
Kings 9, f. 64 *
See Bishops.
Pix. See Ciborium.
Reliquary 15,269, £ 106*
Lans. 1 1 79, £ 273
Scissors (for tonsure)
Harl. Roll y, 6
14,805, £ 4*
Sacring Bell
Harl. 2930, £ 78 *

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Ecclesiastical Uten
sils, (continued.)
Thuribles, or Censers
Harl. 18 10, £ 174 (Greek)
Cal. A xiv, £ 3 *
Harl. 2908, £ 53 *
11,695, f- 126
Eg. 809, £27*
Harl. Roll y, 6
Lans. 381, £ 11
30,045, ff. 17-23
i7,34i, f- 142
28,681, ff. 9, 190*
ECCLESIASTICAL

Ecclesiastical Uten
sils, (continued.)
{Tib. B viii
19 B xiii, £ 3*
19 B xv, £ 13 *
19 C i, £ 88
{Slo. 3983, £ 10
20,787, ff. 63, 82*, 105*, etc.
Burn. 257, £ 386*
Eg. 2045, f- 216*
16 G v, ff. 8*, 12, 81
{17 E v, £ 139
20 C v, ff. 12, 16*, 105
VESTMENTS.— The im

portance of this heading from the point of view of the ecclesi-
ologist is very apparent ; more especially since in many instances
the Manuscripts referred to date from very early times. Thus
it would be easy, by means of our references, to trace the de
velopment of the mitre, from the short, barely pointed cap of
the nth century, to the towering headgear of the modern
bishop, or the heraldic monstrosity which represents it on the
panel of an English episcopal carriage ; or to show the gradual
curtailment of the chasuble, from the ample circular vestment
which draped the Saxon " maesse preost," to the formal piece of
stiff embroidery, such as that in which Leo XIII. says Mass
in 1878. In some case not only the shape but the actual nature
of the vestments • has been altered in modern times : thus, the
" apparels " (i.e., small patches of embroidery round the necks
and at the lower part of albs) have almost entirely gone out of
use, and the ample " superpellicium " has dwindled down to
the modern " cotta," or short surplice ; while the sleeves of the
dalmatic have gradually disappeared, till -that vestment is at a
little distance hardly distinguishable from the modern chasuble.
Perhaps the most noteworthy instance of change is that of the
archbishop's pallium, which originally, no doubt, as the name
implies (though earlier pictures than any to which we can refer
must be sought for in confirmation of the fact) was some species
of cloak, but has now become a narrow piece of embroidery
shaped like the letter Y, the arms being hung over each shoulder,
with the stem pendant in front. There is one point with re
ference to vestments on which we would warn our readers that
there is little or no information to be gleaned from these pictures.
It is well known that the Church has appointed a certain change
of colours for the different seasons of the ecclesiastical year.
These have followed rules which differed considerably at various
periods and in various countries, but it is to rubrics rather than
to miniatures that the liturgiologist must go for information on
this subject, for the artists, contrary to their usual realistic

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customs, seem to have considered a beautiful combination of
colours to be of more importance than exactness of church rule,
and it often happens that in the same picture there occur clergy
vested in several different colours — a thing which might indeed
have happened in a poor church with a limited supply of vest
ments, but could hardly be necessary in the presence of the un
bounded resources of artistic imagination.

Albs 6 E vi, £ 145
Harl. 4972, ff. 4, 6 (with ap
parels) i7,o°5, f- 4
17 B xliii, f. 132 *
14,805, £ 16*
Amice 2 B xiii, f. 22 *
Harl. 2943, £ 89 *
Cassock {12 C v, f. 17 *
Chasubles, nth century
Tib. C vi, ff. 18*, 71*
Claud. A iii, £ 7
Eg. 608, ff. 59 *, 67 *
Harl. 2820, £ 12 *
Harl. 2908, £ 8
1 2th century
17,739, f- 1
Nero C iv, ff. 34, 37
Reg. 10 A xiii, £ 2 *
Harl. Roll, y 6 (with square
neck) 13th century
17,005, £ 4
Cleop. C xi, f. 48 *
Burn. 3, f. 90 *
1 D x, £ 21 *
5 E xi, £ 2
6 E vi
Reg. 8 F viii, f. 163
20 D vi, ff. 38*, 135, 139*
Harl. 2930, £ 78 *
Harl. 4972, £ 4
14th century
17,006, £ 13
17,341, £ 142
2i,965, f- 5

24,681, f. 17 *
29,902, ff- 3, 5
{Tib. B viii
. Eg. 745..
{2 A xxii, f. 221
{6 E ix, f. 8
17 E vii, ff. 227, 481 *
19 D ii, £ 155
Harl 1526
Harl. 2897, ff. 211 *, 282 *
Harl. 4996, ff. 9-46
15th and 1 6th centuries
14,80515,216, ff. 20 *, 103 *
15,702, £ 176
{15,711, £ no
15,81316,907, ff 57, 65
16,997, ff. 119*, 145
17,012, f. 28 *
17,943, ff- i34*, 136*
18,192, ff. no, 196
18,193, f- 86*
18,852, £ 129*
18,854, f. 145
19,897, f- 12
20,729, £ 21 *
24,153, f- 131^
28,962, £ 281 *
29,704, f. 13
Kings 7, £ 162
{Kings 9, f. 38*
Tib. B iii, £ 142 *
Slo. 2321, £ 140
Eg 859, ff. 3, 5, 16
Eg. 1067
Eg. 2045, f. 185*
Eg. 2125, £ 13*
2 B xv, £ 120
{15 D iii, ff. 62, 115, 134*
17 B xliii, £ 132*

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Ecclesiastical Vest
ments, (continued.)
19 E vii, f. 147 *
Harl. 1 25 1, ff. 48, 49
Harl 2900, £ 56 *
Harl. 2923, f. 30
Harl. 2938, £ 1 *
Harl. 2948, £ 173
Harl. 2950, f. 243 *
Harl. 2952, £ 57
Harl. 2982, f. 13 *
Copes, nth century
Ar. 155, £ 133
1 2 th century
Harl. Roll y 6
13th century
Harl. 2930, £ 14 *
6 E vi, £ 145
20 D vi, £ 206
14th century
22,279, f- n6
28,681, f. 116*
29,902, f. 8
{Tib. B viii
Eg. 745
Harl. 1526
Harl. 4381, ff. 63, 117, 120,
128, 141
17 E vii, ff. 2 *, 147 *, 250
15 th and 1 6th centuries
15,813, f- 263
17,026, £ 115
18,193, f- 56*
18,854, f. 144*
19,416, £ 65
22,498, £ 3
24,678, f- 15
27,697, ff. 194, 206
28,785, ff. 78, 120
28,962, ff. 184*, 344*
29,704, ff- i.3, 34
Dom. A xvii, £ 176
Tib. B iii, £ 142 *
Eg. 1067
Eg. 1068
Eg. 2019, ff. 142, 226*, 229

Ecclesiastical Vest
ments, (continued.)
{Harl. 2846, f. 31 *
Harl. 2948, £ 12 *
Harl. 2955, £ 76
Burn. 352, f. 137
Harl. 2974, £112
Slo. 2468, £ 115
{Kings 9, ff. 47*, 51*
19,899, £ 84
30,045, £ 46 *
Dalmatics, nth century
Cal. A xiv,- £ 3 *
Claud. A iii, £ 7
Harl. 2821, f. 9
Eg. 608, £ 2
Harl. 2908, f. 8
12th century
{Harl. Roll y 6
3o,337
13th century
Burn. 3, f. 90*
Cleop. C xi, £ 48 *
17,005, £ 4
{Tib. B viii
Eg 745
{Harl. 4381, £ 63
{2 A xxii, £ 221
{6 E ix, f. 8
19 B xvii, £ 204
20 D vi, £ 152
21,965, f- 5
29,902, f- 4
15th and 1 6th centuries
15,216, £ 20*
15,702, f. 176
+-i5,7ii, f- no
16,907, ff. 57, 65
16,997, f. 145
18,192, ff. no, 196
18,193, f. 86*
18,852, £ 129*
18,854, f. 141
19,917, f- 123^
19,962, £ 66
20,729, £ 21 *
24,153, ff. 129*, 131*

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Ecclesiastical Vest
ments, (continued.)
28,962, f. 281 *
29,704, f. 13
Dom. A xvii, £ 176.
Eg. 859, £ 22
Eg. 1067
Eg. 1068
Eg. 2045, £ 185*
Harl. 2938, £ 1 *
Harl. 2950, £ 243 *
{15 Diii, ff. 62, 82*
Slo. 2321, £ 135*
Gloves, episcopal
{ 2 A xxii, £221
Tib. B viii
17,943, f- 134*
{28,962, £ 4*, 344*
{15 D iii, f. 134*
Cal. A 14, £ 3 *
Tib. C vi, f. 71*
{2 A xxii, £221
15 D iii, £ 62
Mitres, nth century
Claud. A iii, £ 7
Ar. 155, £ 133
1 2 th century
10 A xiii, f. 2 *
Harl. Roll y 6
13th century
17,005, £ 4
24,678, f. 15
Cleop. C xi, f. 48 *
1 D x, f. 2 1 *
5 E xi, f. 2
6 E vi
8 F viii, £ 163
20 D vi, ff. 96*, 135, 139*
Harl. 4972, £ 4
Harl. 5102, f. 17
14th century
15,244, £ 2
21,965, f- 5
24,681, £ 17 *
25,594
29,902, ff. 3, 5
Kings 5, f. 14

Ecclesiastical Vest
ments, (continued.)
{Tib. B viii
+ Eg. 745
{2 A xxii, f. 221
6 E ix, £ 8
15 D ii, £ 178
17 E vii, ff. 147 *, 2 *
19 D ii, £ 155
Harl. 4381, £ 141
Harl. 1526
Harl. 1527
Harl. 4996, ff. 9, 42
Harl. 6563, £ 104
15 th and 1 6th centuries
14,805
15,81316,907, ff. 57, 65
17,008, £ 3
17,943, ff- i34*, 136*
18,851, £ 405
19,897, £ 12
21,974, f. 21 *
22,498, £ 3
22,557, f. 18
24,098, £ 1
24,153, f- 129*
28,785, £ 78
29,433, f- 193
29,704, ff. 13, 19, 34
29,735
{28,962, ff. 4*, 281 *, 344*
Kings 9, ff. 47*, 51*
Dom. A xvii, ff. 149, 176
Tib. B iii, £ 142 *
Slo. 2605, f. 39
Eg 859, ff. 3, 5, 16
Eg. 1067
Eg. 1068
Eg. 1500
Eg. 2019, ff. 226*, 229
1 E ix, ff. 207 *, 227
17 B xliii, £ 132 *
19 E vii, f. 147 *
{15 D iii, £ 115, 134*
Harl. 2846, £ 31 *
Harl. 2938, f. 1 *
Harl. 2948, £ 173

EC

117

ED

Ecclesiastical Vest
ments, (continued)
Harl. 2950, ff. 96 *, 243 *
Harl. 2982, f. 13 *
Morse Harl. Roll y 6
22,498, f. 3
Pallium Eg. 1 139 (Greek)
Harl. 2908, £ 8
Claud. A iii, £ 7
Reg. 10 A xiii, £ 2 *
Harl. 2799, f. 40
8 F viii, £ 163
17,005, £ 4
Tib. B viii
{2 A xxii, £ 221
29,902, ff. 3, 5
Tib. B iii, ff. 142 *, 148
17 B xliii, £ 132 *
Ring, episcopal
{ 2 A xxii, £ 2 2 1
Shoes, episcopal
Ar. 155, f. 133
2 A xxii, f. 221
Stole Eg. 1 139 (Greek deacon)
24,199, £ 21 *
Tib. C vi, f. 71*
Harl. Roll y 6
20 D vi, £ 206
{Tib. B viii
15 D ii, f- 13°
17,008, £ 3
Harl. 2952, £ 62 *
Surplice 6 E vii, ff. 415*, 506 *
i7,o°5, f- 4
{Tib. B viii
14,805, £ 5
{15,114, £ i57 *
{17,008, £ 3
18,192, £ 196
21,974, ff. 2 *, 21*
Harl. 1892, £ 97 *
Harl. 2923. £ 30

Ecclesiastical Vest
ments, (continued.)
Dom. A x'vii, £11*
Slo. 2468, f. 163
Tiara Tib. B iii, £ 142 *
Slo. 2321, £ 32
Harl. 3718, f. 1 *
Eg. 859, £ 24
Eg. 2045, £ 115*
17,026, f. 16
27,697, ff. 163*, 156*
See God the Father. Popes.
Trinity. Tippet {12 C v, £ 17*
Tunicle {2 A xxii, £ 221
Ecclesiasticus, illustra
tion to
15 D iii, £ 305
Edgar, portrait of
Vesp. A viii, £ 2 *
Edith (Queen of Ed
ward Conf.)
Vit. A xiii, £ 2
Edmund the king, Saint,
life of
Harl. 2278
Martyrdom of
21,926, £ 12
2 B vi, £ 10
{29,704, £ 25
Edmund, Saint, the
Archbishop
{2 A xxii, £ 221
Edward, Saint, the
Martyr
Eg. 745, f- 9i

ED

118

EL

Edward, Saint, Con
fessor, king
21,926, £ 12
Vit. A, xiii, f. 2
20 A ii, £ 5
18,851, £ 472*
Edward I, king of England
Nero D ii, £ 178*
Vit. A xiii, £ 5 *
2 A -xxii, f. 219 *
20 A ii, f. 9 *
Jul. E iv, £ 5
Edward II.
20 A ii, £ 10
Jul. E iv, £ 5 *
Edward III., portrait of
(a.d. 133 i)
83 C 13
Jul. E iv, £ 6
Establishing Order of the
Garter Nero D ii, £ 247
Giving Magna Charta
Claud. D ii, f. 136
Edward IV., his Queen
and Court

{18 D ii, £ 6

15 E iv, £ 14
Edward [I I.J, Prince of
Wales Nero D ii, f. 190 *
Edward, Black Prince
Harl. 1766, £ 259*
Elements, Four
Aug. vi, £ 53
Elephant
Tib. B v, £ 81
Slo. 1975, £ 81 *
Harl. 1585, £ 67*
Nero D i
12 C xix, £ 62

Elephant, (continued)
{12 F xiii, ff. 11 *, 13*
Slo. 278, £ 48*
Jul. D vii, £ 114
Vitel. D i, £ 19*
Harl. 3244, ff. 39, 40
Harl. 4986, £ 50
15 D iv, ff. 50, etc.
15 E vi, £ 16 *
19 D i, ff. 29, 39*
20 A v, ff. 53, 75 *
Slo. 3544, £ 5
20 B xx, ff. 41 *, 57, 82 *
With armed men in tower
{Harl. 4751, £ 8
11,283, f-4
16 E viii, £ 55 *
Harl. 1526, £ 8
Harl. 3240, £ 28
Harl. 4979, f. 51
15,268, ff. 204, 226
{10 E iv, £ 43*
• Burn. 169, ff. 165 *, 200
Hunting with dogs
16 G vii, £ 133 *
With their keepers
Harl. 4979, £ 74
Combat of, with a dragon
Harl. 273, £ 80
Slo. 3544, £ 35 *
And snake
Harl. 4751, £ 58*
In battle
15,268, £ 204
Eleutherius, Saint
Slo. 2916, £ 124
ELijAH(inCarmelitehabit) 18,851, £ 427
Fed by ravens
24,189, £ 8*
Raising the Shulamite's son
4836, £125
Ascending into Heaven
Harl. 4381, £ 159

EL

119

ER

Elijah, (continued)
17 E vii, f. 166*
19 D ii, f. 174 *
{ 1 B x, £ 2 1 *
1 E ix, £ 87
{15 D iii, f. 152 4
Elisha Raising the widow's son
17,280, £ 43 b
Servant of, fearing approach
of the king of Syria
29,704, f- S
And King Joash (with the
arrows) 30,084, £ 119 *
Elizabeth, Saint, (mother
of St. John Baptist)
See Mary, Saint (the Blessed
Virgin) : — Visitation. John
Baptist, Saint : — Nativity.
27,428, £ 68
Harl. 2967, f. 222 *
Elizabeth, Saint, of
Hungary 17,525, £ 189
18,851, £ 488*
19,416, £ 180
{24,153, £ 123*
Elizabeth Woodville,
Queen of Edward IV.
{18 D ii, f. 6
Elkanah and Hannah in
the Temple
15 D iii, £ 112
See Hannah.
Eloy, Saint
Eg. 1070, £ 81
Embassy, an
20 C ix,"f. 291

Embroidery 18,193, f. 48*
Frame for
20,729, £ 81 *
Emperors. See Kings.
England, History of, to
Henry V.
Harl. 4380
Illustrations of
Nero A iv
Kings of
14 C vii, ff. 8, 9
Jul. E iv
Harl. 7353
Vit. A xiii
Occleve, the poet, giving
book to king of
17 D vi, £ 37
Royal family from Edward
I. to Edward IV.
Harl. 7353
Court of
Harl. 4380, ff. 148, etc.
Tabular delineation of the
kingdom Faust. B vii, f. 62 *
Towns and cities of
Nero D ii
Enoch translated
Claud. B iv, £ n*
Ar. 339, f. 77
Envy personified
Eg. 2022, £ 6 *
Harl. 4425, f. 9 *
1 9 B xiii, £ 6 *
Erasmus, or Elmo, Saint
15,702, f. 242
17,525, f- 160
22,590, £ 244*
Harl. 1251, f. 33*
Martyrdom 2 B vi
17,467, £ 267

ES

120

EV

Esau with Isaac
30,084, £119
15,268, f. 37*
Escallop Shells for
badges
Harl. 4379, 4380
Esculapius, portraits of
Vitel. C iii, f. 19
Esdras. See Ezra.
Esther, Queen, before
the king
Harl. 4381, f. 251
19 D ii, £ 232 *
{15 D iii, ff. 243 *, 248*
Feasting with the king
17 E vii, £ 222
Ethelbald, King
Harl. Roll y, 6
Ethelburga, Saint
Harl. 2900, f. 68 *
Etheldreda, Saint
{ Kings 9, £ 64 *
Ethiopians
Tib. B v, f. 86

Eudoxius, Saint
Martyrdom
11,870, £ 67
Euphemia, Saint
18,851, f. 458
Martyrdom 11,870, £ 121 *
Euphrasia, Saint
20 D vi, £ 10 *
Euphrosyne, Saint
Series of life of
27,428, ff. 57*, 66*
11,870, £ 188
Europa and Bull
Slo. 2452, £ 7
Eustace, Saint
21,926, f. 14 *
29,433, f- 208
Harl. 5370, £ 158 *
Life of, fully illustrated
+Eg. 745
Martyrdom 20 D vi, f. 215 *
10 E iv, £ 240 *

EVANGELISTS, FOUR.— The symbols of the
Four Evangelists are too well known to need description. They
had their origin in the vision of Ezekiel, whose mind in writing
of them may well have been influenced by the Assyrian sculptures
now in the British Museum, but then, like the Prophet, " in the
Land of the Chaldeans, by the river of Chebar " (Ezekiel i, 3).
It was not, however, direct from this prophecy that the Church
adopted the symbols, but from that strange and mystical book
that closes the canon of Scripture, the Revelation of St. John.
It is curious to note, that though the Four Beings of the Apo
calypse were undoubtedly in the minds of those very early
Christian artists who first applied these symbols to the Evange
lists, the order in which they were applied follows that of
Ezekiel rather than of St. John.
" As for the likeness of their faces, they four had the face of a
man [St. Matthew] and the face of a lion [St. Mark] on the right

EV

121

EV

side : and they four had the face of an ox [St. Luke] on the left
side ; and they four also had the face of an eagle [St. John]." —
Ezekiel i, io.
" And the first beast was like a lion, and the second beast was
like a calf, and the third beast had a face as a man, and the
fourth beast was like a flying eagle?' — Rev. iv, 7.
In the early existing pictures of the Evangelists, these symbols
are given, ,and they continue to accompany such representations
through the whole range of Christian art, improving gradually
from the period of the Durham Evangelia (wherein the artist
found it absolutely necessary to write " imago aquilas " over St.
John's eagle, for fear the beholder, not having the faintest no
tion of what it was meant for, should mistake it for some more
" fearful wildfowl " than even St. Mark's lion) to the late times
when the lion sits up and holds an ink bottle in its paw, or
St. Matthew's angel, in glorious apparel, hands the Evangelist
a fresh pen, while St. Luke's ox lies sleepily at its master's feet
and the eagle perches at the side of St. John's desk, watching
with an expression of inquiring wondei the progress of his work.

15,247 17 E vii, f. 1
19 D ii, £ 1
Harl. 4381, f. 4
12,231, £ 14
29,735, f- 7
1 E ix, f. 209
19 E vii
Harl. 2989, f. 20*
Harl. 2922, f. 15
Symbols of
Harl. 5785
{10,546, £ 352*
Harl. 2788, ff. 7*-io*
Ar. 60, f. 52 *
Harl. 2821, £ 1 *
Eg. 608, f. 1 *
Harl. 3045, f. 20 *
11,695, £ 7*
Nero C iv, £ 28
Vesp. A i, £ 1
Harl. 1802, ff. 61, 87
Lans. 383, £ 14*
17,742, £ 177
18,144, £ 15
21,114, £ 10*
Ar. 157, £ 12*
Harl. 4972, £ 8

1 D x, f. 6 *
2 A xxii, £ 14
9 A vii, ff. 13, 14
15,274, f- 3
15,294, f- 1
16,905, f- i.33
i6,975, f- 24
{17,006, £ 131
17,333, f-4
18633
20,729, £ 50*
22,493, f- 2
28,681, £ 8
Ar. 83, ff. 127, 130, 131
Harl. 2891, £ 145
15 D ii, ff. 117 *, 122, 124
19 B xv, £ 6
15,248, £ 184
19,897, £ 148 *
20,729, £ 50 *
{27,697, ff. 13, 14*, 16, 17*
29,704, £ 35
Eg. 1070, ff. 12, 13*
Harl. 2887, £ 6 *
Harl. 2940, £ 38
{Harl. 2999, ff. 18-22
Harl. 4939
2 B xv, ff. 9 *, 10 *

EV

122

EZ

Eve, creation of
20 C v, £ 7
15 D ii, £ 1 *
17 E vii, £ 6*
19 C i, f. 64 *
19 D ii, £ 7 *
{Slo. 2321, £ 16
Slo. 2916, f. 14*
Harl. 4381, £ 8 *
Nero D ii, f. 5
30,084, f. 54 *
11,866, £ 5
i5,525, f- 8
19,962, f. 28
27,697, f. 213
Burn. 3, f. 10 *
Temptation of
19 C i, £ 65 *
19,962, £ 29
Kmgs 5, £ 1
A; Adam. Bible. Creation.
Executions Beheading
12,023, f. 199
10 E iv, £ 214
19 D i, ff. 86, 107, etc.
20 C vii, ff. 93 *, 133 *
Harl. 4374, ff 129, 151, etc.
Harl. 4375, £ 1
Harl. 4379, f. 64
Harl. 4380, £ 193
Burn. 169, ff. 156, 186*
Lans. 1 1 79
Slo. 2433 c, ff. 93 *, 105 *
14 E v, ff. 37 *, 45*, 105, etc.
17 F i, £ 220
18 D vii, £ 29 *
20 C iii, £ 238
20 C ix, f. 281
15 E vi, £ 24*
Harl. 4425, £ 55
Harl. 4374, £ 161
Burning 12,228, ff. 54, 55, etc.
14 E v, £ 493 *

Executions, (continued)
Lans. 1 1 79, ff 198, 200*
Nero E ii, £ 356
20 A v, £ 59 *
6797, £ 180
Harl. 4375, f. 179
Harl. 4979, £ 60
20 B xx, £ 64
15 E vi, £ 18
15,685, f. 97 *
19 E ii, £ 349 *
20 C iv, £ 77 *
Harl. 441 1, £ 34
{15,685, £ 97*
Hanging Harl. 1766
19 D i, f. 21
15. E vi, £ 13*
16 G v, f. 94 *
20 C v, £ 123
18 D vii, £ 129
18 E ii, f. 31
Harl. 4375, ff. 45, 261
Harl. 3448, £ 37
Harl. 4979, f. 46
Dragging by horses
Nero D ii, ff. 181, 185*
20 C iv, £ 310
{Harl. 4375, £ 140
Dragging man at tail of cart
14 E v, £ no
Executioner
17 F i, f. 220
20 C iii, f. 238
Eye, operation on the
Harl. 1585, £ 9*
Symbolic Tib. A vii, ff. 83, 84 *
Ezekiel, Prophet
Harl. 2803
17 E vii, f. 341
19 D ii, f. 359 *
lis D iii. f. *66*

i, f. 366 *

EZ

123

FE

Ezekiel, Prophet, (cont)
Harl. 4374, £ 1
19 C i, £ 93
Vision of
Harl. 4382, £ 88
22,279, f. 20
Ezra
1 E ix, f. 125 *
Before the king
15 D iii, £ 193*
Praying 1 E ix, f. 115 *

Fables illustrated
Harl. 3448
10 E iv
Fabian, Saint
15,813, £ 219*
18,851, f. 322*
Faith personified
11,866, £ 1*
Falkirk, Battle of
Nero D ii, £ 189 *
Fan, or Flyflap
20 B i, f. 1
Fascines, carriage ot
6797, £ 162
Faustinus, Saint
18,851, £418
Fawn
{Harl. 3469, f. 4
Feast, or Banquet, at
a table, spread with viands
in vessels of various kinds
Tib. B v, £ 4 b

Feast, or Banquet, (cont)
Tib. C vi, f. 5 *
Tit. D xvi, £ 3 *
Harl. 603
Lans. 782, ff. 19*, 37
10,292-412,029
12,228
{15,268, ff. 24*, 242 *
17,333, f- 38*
19,669
24,642, f. 309 *
28,162, ff. 46, 10*
Vit. A xiii, £ 2
{Harl. 3448, £ 2 *
Harl. 4940, f. 48*
Harl. 4979, ff. 12 *, etc.
10 E iv, ff. 14 *, 26, 37, etc.
16 G vi
20 C vii
19 C i, ff. 54, 203
19 D i, ff. 4 *, 42
20 A v, ff. 7, 80, etc.
20 D ii, ff. 13 *, 22 *, 99 *,
303 ^
{20 D iv, £ 1
24,189, £ 5*
27,699, f- 52*
30,864, £ 1
{Burn. 257, ff. 27, 47, 479
{Jul. E iv, ff. 206 *, 210 *
Tib. A vii, £ 90
Harl. 621
Harl. 4372, f. 215 *
Harl. 4373, f- 88*
Harl. 4375, £ 179
Harl. 4379, ff. 12 *, etc.
Harl. 4380
{Harl. 4431, ff 108, 124*
Harl. 5763, £ 2 •
14 E iii, ff. 76 *, 77 *, etc.
14 E iv, ff. 244 *, 265 *, etc.
14 E v, ff. 30, etc.
15 E iv, £ 123
15 E vi, £ 6*
16 G v, f. 89 *
17 Fi, £ 178*
17 F ii, f. 299
18 E ii, £ 240

FE

124

Fl

Feast, or Banquet, (cont.)
19 C vi, £ 131
20 B xx, ff. 88 *, 89
20 C v, f. 116*
20 C ii, £ 119 (peacock)
30,864 (peacock)
Skeletons at a
Tib. A vii, f. 97 *
Felicitas, Saint, and her
sons. Martyrdom
20 D vi, £ 79 *
Felix, Saint
18,192, f. 219
18,851, £418
Eg. 859, f. 1 *
Felony personified
Harl. 4425, £ 8*
Ferdinand I. of Aragon,
dead, lying in state
28,962, £ 383 *
Ferdinand, Emperor,
portrait 25,693, f- 54
Fetters
Eg 1 147, f- 225*
Iron balls and
17 F i, £ 185
Fiacre, Saint
Harl. 3978, £ 105
11,866, £ 176*
18,192, £ 220 *
27,697, f- 98
29,433, f- 211*
Eg 859, £ 25
Eg. 1070, £ 100 *
Finials to lines of writing
{17,868 {Lans. 420 (fish, etc.)
{16 F ii
See Borders.

Fire
Burn. 257, £ 246 *
Tending Tib. B v, £ 8
Quenching 19 E ii, £ 349*
House on fire
20 A v, £ 86
Burn. 169, £ 84
Tower on fire
20 C iii, £ 15
City on fire
19 D i, f- 45
Burn. 169, £ 21 *, 182
Burn. 257, £ 10 *
14 E v, f. 384
{15 D iv, £ 24*
16 G viii, £ 210
20 B xx, f. 94 *
Various scenes of
Eg. 943
Greek fire
15 E i, £ 265
From heaven
Burn. 257, £ 346 *
Carried on spears
Burn. 169, £ 42 *
Leaping from a wall into
Aug. A v, £ 214*
Consuming sinners
19 C i, £ 121
Sinners in chains of fire
19 C i, £ 122
Coal fire
20 C v, £ 45 *
16 G v, £ 33
On pavement in a palace
Harl. 4375, £ 1
Warming at fire
14 E vi, £ 294*
Fireworks, designs for
17 C xxx

Fl

125

FL

Fish, varieties of
Harl. 4751
16 E viii
Slo. 3544, £ 41 *
{22,557, £ 48
{29,301, £ 45 *
{Burn. 97 (very fine coloured
drawings) 14 E iii, ff. 45, etc.
Allegorical figures
Harl. 2637, ff. 36 *, 40
Toothed 13 B viii, £ 16 *
& Animals.
Fishermen, with nets
Harl. 4375, £ 179
Fishing-net
10 E iv, £ 59
i734i, f- 153^
Fitzalan (Richard), Earl
of Arundel, portrait of, re
ceiving a charter from
Edward III.
83 C 13
Flagons
Harl. 4372, £ 215*
Harl. 4373, £ 88 *
14 E vi, £ 294*
19 C viii, £ 18*
19 E ii, ff. 82, 277 *
Flails
Jul. A vi, f. 8 *
Flanders, typical view of
Aug. A v, £ 345 *
Flask or Canteen
Burn. 257, f. 388*
Fleece, golden
17 E iv, £ 90

Fleece, golden, (cont)
Costume of knights
Harl. 6199
Harl. 6199
Meet of the Chapter
Harl. 6199, £ 7
Fleur-de-lys
{6 E ix, £ 12 *
16 E viii, £ 39 *
Flora, goddess
16 G v, £ 77 *
20 C v, f. 101
Flowers (chiefly in bor
ders) 12,531
25,092
Vesp. A xvii
Eg. 1 146
{Harl. 2536. £ 1 (violets,
strawberries, etc.)
Harl. 4379
20 E i-vi
10 E iii, iv
14 D vi
14 E vi
14 E iv
14 E ii
15 E iv
15 E v
{15 D iv
16 G iv
16 F i
16 F ii
16 F iv
16 G iv
17 F vi, vii
18 E v
19 E ii
19 E iii
{19 C viii
{20 C iii
{20 D viii
Growing from a body in grave
10 E iv, £ 228*

FL

126

FO

Flowers, (continued)
Vase 28,962, £ 336*
Nero E ii, £ 67
Eg. 2019
Harl. 4385, f. 1
Harl. 4939
19 E ii, £ 70 *
Lady with, at a window
{20,698, £ 240
See Border.
Fool, or Jester
{17,868, £ 82*
21,926, f. 82
30,045, £ 28
Harl. 2897, £ 42 *
15,114, f. 91
17,026, f. 38
{17 E vii, £ 241
28,962, f. 136 * (riding goat)
Harl. 1892, f. 68
Harl. 3000, £ 189
Harl. 4375, £ 118 (dis
tributing money)
Harl. 4379, £ 3
Harl. 4431, f. 100
1 E ix, £ 148
2 A xii, £ 304
{14 D v, £ 8
14 E v, £ 1
14 E vi, £ 10
{15 D iii, f. 262
16 F ii, f. 1
20 C ii, £ 1
Fording a river
16 G v, ff. 26*, 54*
Army 16 G viii, £ 282
17 F ii, £ 125 *
Forest
19 E iii, £ 140
Harl. 4431, £ 99
16 G v
20 C v, ff. 17*, 57 *
20 B xx, ff. 58, 58 *, etc.

Forge, smith's
10 E iv, £ 250 *
{Slo. 3983, £ 5
20,698, £ 87
Eg. 859, £ 17
Harl. 4425, f. 140
20 C v, f. 149
16 G v, £ 114*
Fork, hay
14 E vi, f. 193
Fortitude personified
15,685, £ 72
Fortress of Faith (a
series of five pictures of a
tower guarded by the four
doctors of Latin Church,
surrounded by allegorical
figures) 17 F vi, ff. 1, 81, 126
17 F vii, ff. 1, 129
" Fortuna Dubia"
n,355, f- 79
Fortune with her wheel
10,294, ff. 89, 14
{10,341, £ 31*
11,866, £ 6*
20 C iv, ff. 1, 77 *, 198
21,602, f. 23
Tib. A vii, £ 59 *
Harl. 621, £ 217
Harl. 4373, £ 14
{Harl. 4376, f. 271
Harl. 4425, £57
Harl. 4431, £ 131
Harl. 7353
14 E v, £ 291
16 F iv, ff. 3,38*
18 D ii, f. 30*
20 C viii, f. 2 *
Six-handed 14 E v, £ 291
20 C iv, £ 198

FO

127

FR

Fountain Harl. 603, £14*
12,228, ff. 36, 36*, 37*, 38,
14 E ii, ff. 1, 77
19 B xiii, £ 14*
20 A xvii, ff. 14, 14*, 15 *
20 D ii, £ 252 *
18,852, £ 45
21,235, f- 78*
24,098, £ 21 b
25,886, £ in
26,667, f- 1
27,697, £ 29
Tib. A vii, ff. 83, 84*
Tit. A xvii, £ 34*
Vesp. B ii, £ 6
{Eg. 2022, f. 22 *
Harl. 4425, £ 12 *
Harl. 4431, £ 127
Harl. 4431, ff. 53, 106, 113
{Harl. 5763, £ 30 *
Lans. 1 1 78, £ 19
15 E iv, £ 72.
{16 F ii
{17 E iv, £ 43
Fowl and Fox
{Harl. 4380, £ 174*
Fowling, various scenes
19,720, £ 264 *
Fox
14,816, £ 33
27,699 14 E hi, £ 140

Fox, (continued.)
With geese in a dog kennel
Harl. 3448, £16*
Carrying away hare
{10 E iv, £ 48
Tale of the
10 E iv, £ 48*
Woman attacking with her
spindle a fox that is carrying
away her goose
10 E iv, £ 49 *
Carrying off a goose
10 E iv, £ 175
Carrying off a cock
Burn. 275, £ 336
Pretended dead
Harl. 4380, £ 174*
Funeral of a
{10 E iv, £ 49
France, heads and por
traits of sovereigns
Eg. 1500
Nero E ii
Harl. 4379
Harl. 4380 1
Genealogy of kings
15 E vi, £ 3
Views in
1 6 G viii
English embassy to
Harl. 4380, f. 40

FRANCIS, Saint, of Assisi. — The great founder of
the Friars Minor is generally represented as dressed in the brown
habit of his order, and is distinguished from other friars of the
same order by the " stigmata," or marks similar to those of the
five wounds of our Lord, which the saint received as a miraculous
mark of Divine favour. The reception of the stigmata is a
favourite subject with artists. The saint kneels in an ecstacy,
while rays of light strike on to his hands, feet, and side from
those of a crucified seraph. In modern pictures of this subject
(e.g. in that included in the beautiful series in the chapels of the
Sacro Monte at Orta Novarese) the seraph is absent, and the
rays fall direct from heaven.

FR

128

FR

Francis, (continued.)
21,114, f- i° b
19 B xvii, £ 277*
15,686, £ 1 *
15,815, f- 59^
+ 17,280, £ 77*
27,697, f- 197
28,692, £ 67 *
29,735, f- 7
Eg. 1070, £ 103 *
Eg. 1 147, £ 221 *
Harl. 2955, £ 1
Kings 7, f. 97 *
Series of life of
{11,843, ff 1, lb
27,868 i5,7io
Receiving the stigmata
{Harl. 2897, £ 407 *
18,851, £ 469 *
19,962, £ 173
20,859, f- 74*
+ 24,153, f- 135 <S
29,735, f- 157
30,038, £ 61 *
{Eg. 859, f. 6
Harl. 2919, £ 145*
Harl. 2967, f. 214*
Harl. 5328, f. 123*
Harl. 5370, £ 164*
2 A xviii, £ 9 *
Preaching to the birds
21,926, £ 14
21,114, £ 79 <*
17,444, £ 3°^
Death of
Harl. 2967, £ 218
Francis I., King of
France
{20 C ix, f. 298 *
Tit. A xvii, f. 35 *
Harl. 4939, f. 7
Portrait of
Harl. 6205, f. 3

Friars, Augustinian
30,014, ff. 1, 67, 130*
Carmelite 18,851, £ 427
Dominican {28,784 B, £ 5
Harl. 1526
6 E vii, ff. 27, 154, 490
16,907, £ 101
{Harl. 4393, f. 2 *
Franciscan 28,784 B, ff. 5, 13
11,843, ff- 1, 3b
27,868 17,280, f. 280*
Harl. 2967, £ 218
Dom. A xvii, £ 120*
17 C xv, £ 10* (caricature)
Frog
Harl. 4431, f. 107 *
14,816, £ 20*
Catching' Harl. 4431, £ 115 *
Froissart (Jehan), Chro
nicles of
14 D ii
{14 D iv, v
14 D vi
Harl. 4379
Harl. 4380
18 E i
18 E ii
Offering book to king
Harl. 4380, f. 23 *
Portrait of
14 D ii, £ 8
Fruit-tree
Eg 943, £ 103 *
Fruit, wreath of
14,787

FR

129

FU

Fruit, (continued.)
In borders
14 E vi
Vesp. A xvii
15 D iv
17 F i
18 E v
20 D viii
See Border.
Cultivation and gathering
19,720, £ 108 *

Funerals. See Eccle
siastical Ceremonies.
Funeral customs of the
Egyptians 15,268, f. 69
Fungus, operation for
Harl. 1385, £ 9*
Furnace
Aug. A v, £ 363

FURNITURE. — The subjects included under this
heading are often of great interest, as representing the arrange
ment of rooms in the houses of the wealthy in the Middle Ages.
The earlier instances are generally very plain and rough, the
number of articles employed being scanty and their design quite
as frequently founded upon that adopted in the case of masonry
as upon that of the rough, simple wooden furniture of the
period. But in the later pictures, more especially of the Flemish
and French schools, furnished rooms are represented with evi
dent correctness, though often with an elaboration of ornament
and splendour of detail which could hardly have been prevalent
in any houses but those of the richest nobles of the period.
Bedroom furniture is very well represented, and the apparent
wealth of appliances and their richness of decoration seem to far
excel the most luxurious modern chamber. In the present pro
mising state of taste in the matter of furniture these miniatures
would be of great use in giving hints for designs uniting artistic
beauty with a comfortable appearance.

General, 14th century
15,274 i5,47715 E 11
15 th century
6797 12,53115,685, ff. 88, etc.
20,698
{Aug. A v
Aug. vi
Nero D ix, £ 1
Tib. A vii
Harl. 4335, £ 1
Harl. 4375, f. 77
Harl. 4379
Harl. 4380

Harl. 4425
Harl. 4431
Harl. 6099
{14 E i, £ 3
14 E v
15 E i, ii, iii, vi
16 G v
17 E iii
17 E v
18 D vii
{18 E iv
19 B xvi
20 C ii
20 C v
Bed-chamber, 14th century
Vitel. Eii, £ 18 10

FU

130

FU

Furniture, (continued.)
Harl. 3448, £ 1 *
16 G vii, f. 219
15 th century
Jul. E iv, art. 6, £ 1
Eg. 2022, £3*
Harl. 2278, f. 13 *
Harl. 4335, ff. 1, 27
Harl. 4375, ff. 120, 257*
14 E i, ff. 133, 177*
{16 G viii, £ 324
18 E vi, £ 8
19 E ii, f. 82
20 B xx, ff. 1, 8*, 27, 86*
20 C ii
20 C iii, £ 15
20 C ix, ff. 95, 310
Trapdoors in, floor of chamber
Harl. 4375, £ 257 *
Bedsteads Harl. 603
11,695, ff- 224*, 239, 245*
Nero C iv, ff. 8, 13, 29
{Eg. 809, £ 1 *
Ar. 484, £ 244
{Harl. 4751, £ 40
Slo. 1977
15,27716,975, f, 86
17341, ff. 6, 10
24,642, ff 134*, 139 ^, 158,
193, etc-
Harl. 2897, ff. 228, 315, 385
Harl. 3448
Harl. 4381, ff. 26 *, 131 *,
226* 1 D x, f. 1 *
1.9 D ii, ff. 2 *, 155, 207 *
{10,341, f. 31*
15,682, f. 213*
17,012, f. 2
17,026, £ 81
17,280, £ 197 *
18,850, ff. 89*, 120
18,852 18,854, £ 78 *
{21,235, ff. 23*, 113

Furniture, (continued)
28,962, £ 4 *
{30,014, £ 112 *
Harl. 2924, £ 38
Harl. 3571
Harl. 4379
Harl. 4393, f. 6 *
{Harl. 4425, £ 7
Harl. 4431
{Aug. A v, f. 94 *
1 E ix, f. 107
2 A xvi, £ 3
{14 E i, £ 77
15 D iii, ff. 220 *, 391
16 G hi, ff. 18 *, 168 *
{16 G viii, £ 39
{17 E iv, £ 13 '
{19 C vi, £ 20
Tent-bed Harl. 4373, £ 88*
Slo. 2433 C, £ 7 *
Woman making beds
Tib. A vii, £ 99
Bedroom chair
Harl. 4375, £ 257 *
Harl. 4431, £ 182*
23 B xx, ff. 1, 8*, 27, 86*
Bench 17,466, £ 107*
18,852,
21,235, f- 78*
27,697, ff. 19, 49, 88*
Burn. 257, ff. 27, 47, etc.
Tib. A vii, £ 50
1 E ix, £ 157
17 E iii, £ 314^
Book-shelves {20,698, ff. 1, etc.
Aug. A vi, ff. 11, 213*
Harl. 4375, £ iSI b
{Harl. 5790, £ 142 *
14 E v, f. 392
16 F i, £ 9
{16 G iii, £ 14!
17 E iii, £ 36
20 B xx, £ 85 *

FU

131

FU

Furniture, (continued)
Cabinet Eg. 2125, £ 142*
Candlestick Harl. 603, £ 31 *
15,277
1 17,333, ff- 1*, 19
18,63315 D ", f- 147 b
19 B xv, £ 2
20 B ii, £ 301
20 D iv, £ 168 *
17,280, £ 222
18,854, £ 78 *
21,235, £ 23 ^
14 E iii, ff. 11 *, etc.
{8 F viii, £ 170 * (branched)
18 E ii, £ 205
14 E iii, £99 (branched)
{16 G iii, f. 141 (sconces)
Canopy + 27,697,ff-76*,93, 95, 9g,2°6
Harl. 6205, ff. 32, 43 (circular)
18 G ii, f. 154*
Carpets, fringed
Harl. 4431
Chairs Harl. 2788, ff. i3*,7i*,io8*
161* Harl. 5785, £ 66*
Claud. B iv
Harl. 603, f. 54*
Tib. C vi, ff. 17*, 30*
5111, £ 3*
11,695, ff- 225, 228*
{Burn. 19, ff. 2 *, 62 *
Eg. 809, £ 17
Burn. 20, £ 226*
2 B iii, £ 15 *
Slo. 278, £ 46
12,029, £ 2 *
i7,34i, ff- 139, 157
Tib. B viii
19 B xv, £ 30
19 B xvii, ff. in, 243*
19 C iv, £ 2
Harl. 2897, f. 186 *

Furniture, (continued.)
Harl. 4381, £ 120
Harl. 4382, f. 128
Harl. 4940, £ 4
iS,677, f- 35
16,997, £ 21
17,012, f. 13*
17,026, ff. 28, 81
17,466, f. 132*
18,850, £ 22
18,854, £ 1
19,416, ff. 71 *, 181
25,695, ff. 15*, 21
28,785, f. 16*

¦°«,y«-*» •-¦ OO "
{Eg. 1070, £ 139 (carved)
Eg. 2019, £ 220 *
2 A xviii, ff. 4*, 7 *, 13 *
{15 D iii, ff. 40, 193*, 245*
39s, 445 b
15 D vi, ff. 12, 241, 462
16 F i, f. 9
{16 G viii, £ 324
20 B xx, ff. 70, 85 *
20 C v, £ 32 *
Slo. 2321, £ 119 *
Slo. 2471, £ 35*
Harl. 1251, £ 40*
Harl. 2846
Harl. 2863, £ 19*
Harl. 2900
Harl. 2915, ff. 126*, 142 *
Harl. 2922, ff. 59, 103
Harl. 2950, f. 16
Harl. 2952, f. 102 *
Harl.2980, £ 32 *
Harl." 2989, £ 73
Harl, 4431, £ 73*
{Harl. 4917, £ 4
Harl. 5762, f. 88
Cradle 6 E vi, f. 296 *
10,292, £ 76
Slo. 3983, £ 17
25695, f. 165
Harl. 4374, £ 39 *
Lans. 1 179, £ 312
15 E vi, £ 273 10*

FU

132

FU

Furniture, (continued)
Cupboard or aumbry
18,193, f- 48*
15 E ii, £ 165
17 F i, f. 14 (showing way
of placing books)
{18 E 4, £ 24
{20,698, ff. 70, 248*
Curtains 19 C iv, £ 2
Harl. 4372, ff. 140, etc.
Lans. 1 179, £ 255
Cushions ,19 A vi, f. 157
Harl. 4385, f. 1 (for feet)
Desks or book stands
Harl. 5785
4949, ff. 13*, 80*
17,739, ff-69, 103, 155 b
22,740, ff. 93*, 150
Harl. 603, £ 21
Harl. 2820, ff. 14, 191
Harl. 2821, ff. 21 *, 100*
Eg. 608, f. 19 *
{5HI, f- 3
5112, ff. 3*, 14*
Burn. 19, ff. 2 *, 62 *, 100 *
Harl. 301 1, £ 69 *
Burn. 20
15,274, f- 3
28,681, £ 7 *
Harl. 4940, £ 4
14 D ii, £ 8
19 D i, f. 136
20 A xvii, £ 35 *
10,341, f- H3^
11,696, f. 200*
15,677, f- 39
15,685, £ 9*
17,026, £ 81
18,750
19,416, f. 87 *
21,602, ff. 23, 41
20,698, ff. 1, 5,7*, 1 1, 7 1*, 7 5
25,695, ff- 18,21,29,106,139
25,885, £ 3
27,697, ff. 16, 17 *, 77 *
Burn. 257, f. 6*

Furniture, (continued)
Aug. vi, ff. 11, 213 *, etc.
Harl. 334, ff. 1, 2 *
Harl. 621, £ 120
Harl. 4372, £ 12
Harl. 4.375, £ 43
Harl. 4917, £ 4
Lans. 1 179, £ 34*
14 E i, £ 3
14 E iii, £ 6 *
14 E iv, f. 217 *
14 E v, ff. 291, 392
15 D vi, ff. 12, 241, 462
(circular) 15 E vi, £ 6 *
16 F i, £ 9
{16 G iii, f, 8
16 G v, ff. 3*, 27*, 74
17 E iii, ff. 93*, 145, 209,
297 17 E iv, £ 261 (on a pivot)
18 D vii, f. 6
20 B xx, ff. 1, 65 *
20 C iv, ff. 198, 269
20 C v, ff. 5 *, 38 *, 96 *,
121, 129
Slo. 2433 A, 1
Slo. 2605
Doors {Dom. A xvii, £ 204*
Fire-dogs Harl. 2924, £ 4*
18,854, £ 2
Fire-place Harl. 2979, £ 9
15,277, f. 6*
1 9 B xiii, f. 7 *
17,012, f. 1
18,213, f- 34
Aug. A v, ff. 59*, 334*
Harl. 2278, £ 13 *
{16 G v, £ 96
Lamps Harl. 603
Eg. 809, £ 1 *
Harl. 4972, £ 7 *
17,341, ff. 10, 10*
15 D ii, £ 117 *

FU

133

FU

Furniture, (continued)
Lantern and stand
Eg. 2019, £ 19
Library (furnished)
{Tib. Avii,£ 91*
Harl. 4335, £ 1
Harl. 4375, £ 151*
Harl. 4917, £ 52
{14 E i. £ 3
14 E v, £ 392
16 F i, £ 9
{16 G iii, f. 8
16 G v, f. 93
Mirror 27,698 £ 13
Mirror on a foot
19 B xvi
Seats Harl. 5785
4949 5112, ff. 3*, 14*
Harl. 603, £ 58
Harl. 2820, f. 78
Harl. 2821, ff. 21 *, 151 *
Eg. 608, {. igb
17,739, f- i°3
Burn. i9,.£ 100 *
Harl. 301 1, £ 69 *
15,277i7,333, f- 42
28,681, £ 8
15,685, £66*
22,497, f- 3 b
27,699, f- 3
Nero E ii, f. 173 *
Eg. 2125, ff. 142 *, 186 *
Lans. 1 179
14 E iii, f. 69 *
20 C i, £ 280 (for garden)
Sideboard 27,695 18,851, £ 386*
20,694, f. 14
{21,235, £ 23*
Eg. 2019, f. 15
Harl. 2935, f. 88
Harl. 4375, ff- 45, 77

Furniture, (continued.)
Harl. 4380, f. 1
Harl. 4393, £ 6 *
{19 A vi, f. 109
20 B xx, ff. 83, 85 *, 86 *
Sofas {Jul. A vi, £ 4 *
12,228
{10,341, £ 113*
Harl. 4431
20 A xvi
20 B xx, ff. 70, 71 *
Stool Harl. 4372, £ 12
20 A xix, £ 1
20 B xv, £ 2
Table s
24,199, £ 16*
Harl. 603
Harl. 2820, f. 120
Burn. 20
17,333, f- 7 b
i7,34i, ff- 35, 63 ^, 65*, 71,
84, 94
27,695
-17,026, f. 54*
19,720, £ 1
14 E vi, f. 294*
{15 D hi, £ 202 *
{16 G iv, f. 8
17 E iv, f. 64
{18 E iv, £ 24
20 C i, £ 247 *
Toilet table with mirror
{16 G iii, ff. 18*, 168*
Writing-table 15,434, f- 138
See Desks.
Tapestry {Harl. 43 8o; £ 10
Harl. 4431, ff. 2, etc.
Wardrobe Harl. 2924, £ 38
Washstand and ewer
Burn. 169, £ 18 *

FU

134

GA

Furseus, Saint
20 D vi, f. 32 *
Fynard, the giant
Nero E iii

Gabriel, Archangel
30,844, f. 41
16,998, f, 38*
17,026, f. 78*
1 E ix, f. 267 *
Before God
Nero C iv, £ 10
Sent from God to announce
the birth of Christ
{Lans. 383, f. 12 *
{16 G iii, f. 18*
Vested in alb and cope
i8,75i, f- 37
With cope, alb and sceptre
Eg. 1 147, f. 49
See Mary, Saint, The Blessed
Virgin, Annunciation ; and
Zacharias. Gaeta, view of
{28,962, £ 67 *
Galen
Nero -D ii, £ 34 *
Gall, removal of
19 D i, f. 10 *
Galleys 127,695
{24,945, f. 231 *
{Harl. 4379, £ 60 *
Kings 156
}i6 F ii, £ 73
See Shipping.

Gallows
{Ar. 484, £ 160*
10 E iv, £ 61
20 C vii, ff. 15, 51
With four bodies
16 G v, £ 94*
Taking down bodies from the
Harl. 441 1, £ 56 *
See Executions.
Games, various
10 E iv
Harl. 4375, £ 152
Kings 24, £115
16 G ii, £ 1
Gaoler with keys
Harl. 4380, f. 48
Garden
19 D i, ff. 1, etc.
20 A xvii, £ 7 *
20 B ii, £ 57
+ 14,803, £ 63
18,851, £ 182
18,852, £ 3 *
26,667, f- 1
{Harl. 4425, £ 12 *
{Harl. 5763, £ 30*
Kings 7, f. 57
6 E ix, £ 15 *
14 E vi, £ 146
15 E iii, £ 122
15 E vi, £ 18*
16 G v, £ 5
17 F i, £ 149*
19 A vi, £ 2, 109
19 C vii, f. 1
20 C v, ff. 7, etc.
Eg. 2022, £ 36 * '
Harl. 4425, £ 160*
19,72019 A vi, £ 109
Garlands
14,787, ff 1, 6 *

GA

135

GE

Gate of city
{Harl. 4379, £ 99
Gaul, adventures of Ju
lius Csesar in
Eg. 1065
Harl. 6205
Gauntlet thrown down,
taking'up a
Harl. 4380, £ 141
Gedaliah, death of
17 E vii, f. 202 *
19 D ii, £ 212
Geese, drawing a coffin
to an oven
10 E iv, £ 128 *
See Birds. Fox.

Genevieve, Saint
4836, £ 192 *
18,854, £ 150*
29,433, f- 216
Eg. 859, f. 15
Eg. 1068, £ 91
Eg. 1070, £ 108
{Eg. 2019, £ 218*
Slo. 2605, £ 102 *
Gentiles sacrificing a
bullSlo. 3544, £ 17
Geometry, illustration of
Ar. 339
Figure of
Harl. 334, £ 26

GEORGE, Saint, Patron of England. As may be
supposed, this Saint is a great favourite in English miniatures.
He is generally represented as an armed knight, often engaged
in his famous combat with the dragon, and bearing a pennon
with the world-famous red cross. As patron of the Knights
of the Garter, he sometimes wears the insignia of that order.
There is very little difference of treatment between the pictures
of St George and the dragon and those of St. Michael's combat
with the devil, and it is often only by the presence of the
archangel's wings in the latter case that they can be distinguished.

Tib. B iii, £ 142
28,784, A, £ 75
20 D vi, £ 63 *
{23,145, £ 3 *
{Harl. 2897, f. 282
19 B xvii, £ 109
4836, £ 4 *
15,702, £ 239*
16,907, f- 94
16,998, £ 87
17,525, f- 154
18,850, £ 256 *
18,851, £363*
{18,852, £ 413*
20,859, £ 83
22,590, £ 243
22,720, £ 15 *
25,697, £ 285 *

25,710, £ 71*
{27,697, £ 95
Eg. 1070, £ 90 *
Eg. 1147, f- 217*
Eg. 1 147, £ 259
Harl. 318, £ 8*
Harl. 1 25 1, ff. 42, 45
Harl. 2846, £ 36 *
Harl. 2854, £ 249
{Harl. 2900, £ 55
Harl. 2915, £ 82
Harl. 2952, £ 21
Harl. 2966, £13
Harl. 2985, £ 25 *
Harl. 3000, £ 26 *
Harl. 7026, £ 6
{Kings 9, f. 41 *
Lans. 1 1 79, f. 224

GE

I36

GI

George, (continued)
2 A xviii, £ 5 *
2 B xv, £ 65
{Slo. 2321, f. 128
Slo. 2474, f. 23*
Slo. 2571, £ 18*
Slo. 2633, ff. 23*, 50*
15,677, £ 145*
17,012, f. 30 *
17,026, f. 75
17,280, f. 350
19,416, f. 135
29,433, f- 207
Vessel containing the heart of
Jul. E iv, £ 218

Gerard de Roussillion,
or, Girard d'Eufrate,
romance of, illustrated
Lans. 982
Gereon [Geraint], Saint
Eg. 859, f. 14
Germanus, Saint, Bishop
of Auxerre
Eg. 1070, f. 93
Gertrude, Saint
Harl. 2962, f. 41
Gervasius and Prota-
sius, Saints
15,813, f- 237
Eg. 1070, f. 109
Giant
i2,228,ff. 226*, 227*, 228,etC
15,268, £ 101 *
19,587, ff- 52*, etc.
Eg 943, f- 56 *
Harl. 4979, f. 60
10 E iv, ff. 68*, in *
i2,53i, ii
Nero E iii
Harl. 1808, £ 30*
Harl. 4376, £ 206 *

Giant, (continued)
Harl. 4425, ff. 32, etc.
Harl. 4431, £ 124
16 F iii, f. 11
16 G viii, f. 282
20 B xx, f. 79 *
10 E iv, f. 1 28 (many-headed)
Harl. 4431, £ 107 (one-eyed)
In armour
Nero E ii, £ 124
Fording a river and blowing
horn Aug. A v, f. 275 *
Slain by knight
24,686, £ 17
Death of a
10 E iv, £ 97 *
Killing a
Slo. 2433, f- 121 *
Gideon
Lans. 381, £ 7 *
With angel
Harl. 4381, £ 108
With fleece
21,909, f- 13
Gildas, Saint
Eg 745, f- 78
19 B xvii, £ 242
Giles, Saint
20 D vi, £ 136
28,784 A, £ 76
15,677, f- 145 b
18,192, £ 220
19,416, £ 128
22,720, £ 32
24,i53, f- 19°^
29,704, £ 12
Eg. 1070, £ 601

GlPCIERE

purse

19 C viii, £ 41

GI

137

GO

Giraldus Cambrensis,
mythical and general illus
trations to his work
13 B viii
Girdle for ladies
20,698, £ 247
Gisleuus, Saint
19,416, f. 137 *
Glass, drinking
Eg. 2125, £ 142 *
Manufacture of
24,189, £ 16
Vessels {Aug. vi, f. 66

" Glatissant, La Bete "
{19 E ii, £ 167
Gloucester, view of
13 A iii, p. 82
Glove
19 B xiii, £ 138 *
20 A v, £ 24 *
14 E iii, £ 150
Goat
Harl. 603, £ 33 *
13 B viii, £ 19 *
{Burn. 275, £ 94
Harl. 4979, £ 27 *
10 E iv, £ 155
27,69916 G v, £ 44

GOD THE FATHER.— Pictures of this subject may
be considered to be the extremest development of the anthropo
morphic idea of the Deity. In modern days the pictorial
representation of the Almighty, except in the person of the
Incarnate Son of God, seems to be considered contrary to the
saying of our Lord, " No man hath seen God at any time," and
is therefore avoided. But in earlier times men thought other
wise. The Eternal Father, whether as Creator, seated in glory,
or declaring His will, is generally depicted as an aged man
(" the Ancient of Days "), with a long white beard, and clothed
in flowing robes, His hand being raised in the attitude of
blessing. Sometimes he wears a tiara, differing from that of the
Pope by an increased though varying number of crowns ; and
often the conventional flowing robe is replaced by a rich
cope (as in the well-known instance in the upper compartment
of Van Eyck's " Adoration of the Lamb " at Ghent). In the
later pictures he is frequently shown surrounded by concentric
circles of seraphim and cherubim (distinguished by their colours).
As may be supposed, the scenes in which He occurs alone are
invariably taken from the Old Testament, the Elohim or
Jehovah of which always seems to be looked upon in mediaeval
art as answering to the First Person of the Blessed Trinity rather
than to the Trinity in Unity itself.

Harl. 4381, ff. 10*, n, 17,
43, 49, 215 b
Harl. 4382, ff. 106*, no
16 G vii, £ n
20,916, ff. 10, 26

25,695, ff- 29, 78, 147, 153,
165 26,667, f- 1
{Aug.' A v, £ 18
Aug. vi, £ 35

GO

138

GO

God the Father, (cant)
Dom. A xvii, £ 149
Vesp. B ii, £ 8 *
Eg. 912, f. 10
Harl. 4376, £ 206 *
Harl. 4431, £ 190
1 E ix, ff. 234, 236
14 E iii, ff. 127 *, 128
15 E ii, £ 213
17 E iii
{18 E v, f. 21
19 C viii, £ 18 *
19 G vi, £ 10
Slo. 1977, f. 1
27,697, ff 7i^, 77 ^
2 7,699, £ 1 1 6 * ,(a spoilt illu
mination) In clouds
Eg. 1 147, f- 133
14 E iii, ff. 3, 14, etc.
Figures praying to
{Harl. 3999, £ 67
With nimbus
Nero D ii, f. 3, 4
With cruciform nimbus
15,268, f. 1 *
Blessing 15 D ii, £ 1
15,815, £ 25
16,998, £ 74*
25,710, £ 7° ^
{Harl. 2846, £ 14*
Slo. 2418, £ 129 *
Blessing (with cherubim)
18,751, ff. 37, 109, 163
Eg. 1070, f. 44*
Blessing (surrounded by angels)
Harl. 2865, £ 59 *
Surrounded by numerous
cherubim and seraphim
16 G iv, £ 7
With seraphim
27,697, f- 52 *
With heavenly host
Eg. 943* f- 129

God the Father, (cont),
Holding crucified Son
29,887, £ 94*
Harl. 2985, £ 19 *
Harl. 3000, £ 20 *
Seated with Jesus Christ (Ps.
Dixit Dominus, q. v.)
Harl. 4381. £ 276
Holding crucifix
Slo. 2321, £ 129 *
Sending Gabriel to the B. V. M.
Lans. 383, £ 12 *
Creation Tib. C vi, £ 7 * (with dove,
compasses and scales)
20 A ii, £ 1
Eg. 1147, £ 251
Harl. 3461
Putting Adam and Eve in
the garden
{15 D iii, £ 3
See Creation.
Vision of, to father of Moses
14 E i, £ 77
Blessing King David
X 16,997, f- 9°
See also David.
Cursing Satan
11,866, £ 7*
Gods of the Romans
See Idols.
Golden balls
Harl. 4431, f. 130
Chain 20 C v, £ 161 *
Image of a lamb or calf
25,884, £ 204
Table 19 D i, £ 60
Goldfinch
ti5,274, f- 3

GO

139

GR

Goliath, the giant
Harl. 1766, £ 93
Death of
Harl. 2934, £ 82
See David.
Gorgonius, Saint
18,851, £ 455
Gospels, swearing on the
6 E vii, f. 367 *
Series of events, illustrating
gospels for Sunday and festivals
i7,34i
GoTHRUM, King
Claud. D ii, £ 8
Gourds, in border
17 F i
Gower (John), the poet,
portrait of
Eg. 1991,/. jb
18 C xxii
Shooting a bow
Tib. A iv,' £ 8*
Graal, Holy, romance of
14 E hi
Gracchus and Cornelia,
history of
HarJ. 4374, f. 240
Gracchus, portrait of
22,318, £ 135*
Death of
22,318, £ 143*
Grafting
Harl. 4431, £ 107*

Grape-vine Harl. 603
Tib. B v, £ 84 *
Gathering grapes
Kings 24, £ 26 *
Grave, or tomb
{Harl. 4751, £ 10
12,228, ff. 79*, etc.
16 G vi, £ 48
i5,456, f- 2
Burn. 257, ff. 172 *, etc.
Tib. A vii, £ 40
In churchyard
Harl. 441 1, f. 56 *
Lans. 1 179, £ 64
14 E iii, f. 81 *
16 G v, £ 36 *
Of a knight
14 E iii, f, 95
Of a queen(?)
20 B xx, £ 38 *
Royal 20 B xx, £ 54 *
In a bedroom
6797
Figure sitting up in a
10 E iv, £ 214 *
See Tomb.
Gravediggers
10 E iv, £ 183 *
27,697, £ 194
Graveyard Harl. 2934, £ 106
Greece, scenes from his
tory of

+ 22,318
GREGORY, Saint, Pope and Doctor.— In the
miniatures to which reference is here given there appear three
distinct forms of representing Saint Gregory. One of these
includes him. with Saints Ambrose, Augustine and Jerome, as
one of the Four Doctors of the Western Church: in which
case he is habited as a Pope, holds a book (as doctor), and

gr

140

GR

sometimes is accompanied by a dove. The second shows him
writing or teaching music, as reputed author of the so-called
Gregorian tones, and this form of picture often forms a sort
of frontispiece to his work. The third, and very common form,
is known as the " Mass of Saint Gregory," and refers to a
legend, according to which the Saint's doubts respecting the
Real Presence were dissolved by the appearance of the Saviour,
surrounded by the instruments of His Passion, at the moment
of consecration.

{Faust. B vii, £ 59
17,006, £ 149
Harl. 4381, f. 4
Eg. 874, £ 69
Harl. 3011, f. 69* (writing,
with dove at his ear. Artist's
name, Teodericus, given)
19 B xvii, £ 80 *
4836, £ 3
11,865, f- 2
11,866, £ 172 *
15,525, £ no
15,813, f. 228*
15,815, £ 36*
16,907, £ 68*
17,280, f. 353
22,557, £ 40
25,697, f- 279
29,433, f- 208 *
29,735, f- 23
Tib. B iii
Eg. 1070, £ 88 *
Harl. 2865, f. 106
17 F vi, ff. 1, 81, 126
17 F vii, ff. 1, 129
17,047, f- 2
Preaching Eg 745, f- 34
Mass of
15,216, f. 20 *, 103 *
15,702, £ 176
{15,711, £ no
17,353, f- 148*
18,193, f- 86*
18,852, £ 129*
18,854, f. 25 *
19,897, £ 149
{19,917, £ 123*
20,729, £ 21 *

20,859, f- 64*
24,075, f- 188
+"24,153, f- 131 b
{27,697, £ 103 *
Eg. 1 147, £ 220 *
Eg. 2045, £ 185 *
Eg 2125, £ 13*
Harl. 1 25 1, £ 44
Harl. 2919, £ 34 *
Harl. 2923, £ 30
Harl. 2950, £ 243 *
Harl. 2982, £ 9
Kings 7, £ 102
2 B xv, f. 120
Slo. 2321, £ 32
Slo. 2916, £ 133 *
Playing the Organ, St. Je
rome blowing it, and Saints
Augustine and Ambrose singing
7 B viii, f . 3 *
Gregory, Saint, of Ar
menia, martyrdom of
11,870, £ 243*
Griffin
{Tib. B v, £ 86 *
11,283, f- 3b
24,686, £ 18
Harl. 3244, £ 38 *
19,587, ff. 112 *, etc.
Eg 943, ff- n7, n8, etc.
Harl. 4979, £70*
19 D i, £ 37
20 A v, f. 70*
20 B xx, ff. 73 *, 76 *
Grimani (Antonio) , Doge
of Venice
18,000

GR

141

GR

GRISAILLE. — This term, and the synonymous one
of camaieu gris, is applied to a peculiar style of illumination,
that is characterised by an absence of gold and a predomi-
nence of grey and neutral tints, laid on more or less flatly,
and shaded in darker monochrome, or relieved by white
pigment. Most of the examples are of the fifteenth century,
but it would be difficult to determine the date of the first
application of the art. Among the fine specimens of grisaille
style, the Add. Manuscript 24,189 containing a series of illus
trations to the " Travels of Sir John Maundeville, " may be
pointed out as of extraordinary beauty, and this is manifested
not only in its camaieu painting, but in the conception of the
drawing, and the excellent treatment of the subjects delineated.

24,189Harl. 2915
Harl. 2952
Harl. 4385
Harl. 4917, £

Harl. 6205
Lans. 1 1 78
{15 D iv
18 E v
Slo. 2433, etc.

GROTESQUES and GRYLLL— It is most probable
that the centaur, siren, and chimaera of classic fancy gave rise to the
fantastic gryllus of late gems, and the grotesque combinations
of human forms and animal members seen so frequently upon
the borders of the finest illuminated Manuscripts, as well as
on specimens of the best style of seals, from the 12 th to the
15 th century. These curious creations of artistic conception
are far too diverse to attempt any classification of them ;
generally speaking, they are semi-human and semi-animal, each
of the various parts being derived from a different creature.
Some few are not displeasing, but although well drawn and
vigorous they are for the most part incongruous, and to modern
eyes out of place in the margins and borders of Manuscripts
that record sacred and historical events. Nevertheless they.
afford useful studies to the designer and colourist.

17,739

12,029

Slo. 1975

15,244, f- 3

{17,868

{15,268

21,114

15,274
{28,784, A
22,279
{28,784, B (chiefly in monas-
{23,144, ff. 2, 3
ic' dress)
28,681
Harl. 928
29,253
{Harl. 4972
{Burn. 275
10 D viii
Claud. D ii, ff. 269
16 E viii, £
37
Nero D ii, ff. 122 *, etc
Slo. 1977
83 C 13
10,294, f. 1
Harl. 324
GR

142

HA

Grotesques and Grylli,
(continued) Harl. 3746
Harl. 3999
{Harl. 6563
14 E ii, ff. 193, etc.
{10 E iv
16 G vii
19 B xiii, £ 5
20 A xvii, ff. 125, etc.
20 C vi, ff. 3, 4*, 11, etc.
20 D iv
4836
+ 15,434
+ 21,463
29,301
Burn. 169
Nero E ii
Vesp. B i, ff. 4, 15
Harl. 2919
{Harl. 2980
Harl. 3216, f. 107 *
Harl. 3380
Harl. 4372
Harl. 4373
{Harl. 4379
{Harl. 4380
Harl. 5764
2 D ii
4 D ii, £ 8
4 D vi
E iii
E v
D iii
D iv
E ii, iii
E iv
G ix
F i
F v, £ 3
F vi, ff. 6, 81, 126
F vii, ff. 1, 129
B x
f9 C vi
20 C ii
20 C iii, ff. 15, etc.
20 C ix

See Caricature. Centaur.

Guard, royal
19 C vi, £ 9*
Gudwal, Saint
29,253, ff- 342, 43°^
Guillaume, Bishop of
Bourges, portrait of
19 E vi, £ 10
Gull
{24,686, f. 11
Guthlac, Saint, roll of
life of
{Harl. Roll y 6
Figure of
17 A xvi, £ 7 *
Guy of Colonna, illus
trated throughput
i5,477
Guy. of Warwick
20 A ii, £ 4 *
Gyrsaunt, a fabulous
animal 17 C xxxviii, f. 57

H.
Habakkuk
Harl. 4382, £ 126
17 E vii, £ 371*
19 D ii, £ 398
1 E ix, £ 235
{15 D iii, £ 402*
Haggai
Harl. 4382, £ 128 (holding
scroll with " Ave Maria,")
17 Eyii, £ 373*
19 D ii, £ 400
1 E ix, £ 236 *
{15 Diii, £ 465

HA

143

HA

Hair, cutting off
14 E v, f. 54 *
See Ecclesiastical Cere
monies : — Tonsure.
Hairy Men
20 A v, £ 54 *
Aug. vi, f. 1
Crowned Burn. 257, £ 241
Halbardier
28,330, £ 31
Hall, colonnaded
16 F v, £ 1
See Buildings.
Haman, Feast of
1 Eix, £ 132 *
Hanging of
Harl. 1766, ff. 141 *, etc.
Hammer
Harl. 603
Harl. Roll y 6
Ar. 484, £ 203
Lans. 782, £ 34 *
6 E vi, f. 15
Lans. 1 179, £ 226
17 F ii, £71
Hands
{Ar. 33, £ 88 * (outline)
Marginal {Harl. 2453
Handpicks
20 A v, ff. 20, 70*
Hannah
Nero C iv, £ 8
Prayer of
Harl. 4381, £ 117
1 E ix, £ 64

Hanging See Executions.
Hannibal Harl. 4374, £ 249
Harbour, with chain
across Harl. 4375, £ 237 *
Hare, or Rabbit
10,293, f- 1
19,587, f. 61
Burn. 275
Harl. 4979, f. 70 *
{14,816, £38
15,434, £ 138
{20,916, f. 1
+ 21,463
27,699
+ 29,301. 14 E iii, £ 140
Tales concerning
10 E iv
Hunting 12,029, f- 1
15,268, £ 1 *
23,144, £ 2
Harl. 4979, £ 1
1 6 G vii, £ 1 1
19 B xiii, ff. 5, etc.
Hunting a man
10 E iv, £ 59 *
Decapitating a man
10 E iv, £ 61 *
Harping to dog dancing
Roy. App. viii, £ 19
In monastic dress
Ar. 484, £ 224*
Harold, King
Vit. A xiii, £ 2 *
Harrier
15,434, f- 138
See Hare hunting.

HA
Harrowing
16 G v, £ 9*
Hatchet
Harl. 603
Jul. A vi, £ 5 *
Burn. 3, £ 90 *
Cleop. C xi, £ 106
17,333, f- 25*
23,144, £ 5
Hatred personified
19 B xiii, £ 5 *
20 A xvii, f. 3
Eg. 2022, £ 5
Harl. 4428, £ 8
Haversack
Eg. 1065, £ 192
Hawk
22,557, £ 23*
Hawker, or Falconer
Tib. B v, £ 7 *
15,274, f. 211 *
16,975, f. 4
10 E iv, ff. 77 *, 78, etc.
19,720, f. 264*
Burn. 169, £ 11
Harl. 5256
15 E iii, £ 11
Hawking Party
+ 15,219, f- 11 ^
Devil with
19 C i, £ 203
Haymaking
14 E vi, £ 193
Haystack
19,720, £ 280 * '
14 E vi, £ 193
Heads of notable persons
Harl. 4940, £ 9
Gigantic 20 A ii, £ 8
In initials
Ar. 484
Lans. 420

144

HE

Headdresses
24,642, ff. 32, etc.
Harl. 4940, £ 9
14 E ii
15 Dii
11,696
20,698
21,247
{29,301 Ar. 71, ff. 24, 39*
Aug. A v
{Nero D ix
{Harl. 2950
Harl. 4373, £ 14
Harl. 4374, £ 1
Harl. 4375
Harl. 4379 -
Harl. 44 1 1
{Harl. 4425, £ 90
{Harl. 4431, ff. 97, 97 £, etc.
14 E iv, ff. 10, etc.
15 E iv, ff. 16, 35
15 E vi, ff. 403, etc.
16 F ii, £ 1
17 Fi, £ 178*
17 Fii, f. 1
18 E Hi, iv
19 B xvi
+ 19 E v, f. 33*
20 B xx
20 C ii
20 C iii, £ 183
20 C ix, £ 310
Heaven
Kings 5, £ 31 (with Old Test.
types)
Heavenly Bodies
25,435
See Constellations.
Host 20,787, £ 60 *
See Angels.
Hector, death of
18 G ii, f. 93

HE

145

HE

Hedda, Saint

Harl. Roll

y6

Hedge

Harl. 603,
27,697, ff
ff. 57
64*,
etc.
no *
Wattled 14 E vi
Making 19,780, £
280*
Hedgehog, habits of the
12 F xiii, £ 45
14 E iii, £ 140
See Animals.
Helena, Saint
24,686, £ 3
17,006, £ 153
6 E vi. £ 447 *
I5,ii4, f- 275
15,813, £ 233*
+ 24,153, f- i37^
29,735, f- 152*
30,038, £ 1
Tib. B iii, £ 146 *
Finding the Holy Cross
19 B xvii, £ 126
30,038, f. 55
Eg. 1070, £ 91 *
See. Cross, Invention of
Hell
{Harl. 603
{Tib. B v, f. 87 *
Eg. 943
17,280, £ 44
18,850, £ 157
20,729, £ 42*
25,887, £ 289*
Kings 5, £32 (with Old Test.
types) Mouth of
Tit. D xxvii, £ 75 *
Nero C iv, £ 39
Hell, (continued)
{19 C i, ff. 32, 121, 121 *
Burn. 257, £ 38 *
See Jesus Christ, Harrowing
of Hell
Gate of
{17 Eiv, £ 143
As a boar's head, with bat-
wings, disgorging souls
{Harl. 3999, £ 21
Descent of ^Eneas to
Kings 24, £ 131 *
Various scenes in
19,587 (Dante)
Eg. 943 (Dante)
19 C i, £ 121
+ 29,433, f- 89
Helmet
18,043, f- 64*
Heloise, portrait of, as
an abbess or nun
{16 F 2, £ 137
Henry I., King of England
Claud. D ii, £ 42 *
Vit. A xiii, £ 3
20 A ii, £ 6 *
{Jul. E iv, £ 2
Coronation of
Nero D ii, £ 107
Henry I., King of France,
portrait of
11,662, £ 1
Henry II., King of Eng
land
Nero D ii, f. 113 *
Vitel. B xiii, £ 3 *
{Jul. E iv, £ 3
Interview of, with Thomas a
Becket Claud. D ii, ff. 70, 73
20 A ii, f. 7 * 11
HE

I46

HE

Henry (III. Junior), King
of England
14 C vii, f. 9
Henry III., King of Eng
land
Nero D ii f. 129
20 A ii, £ 9
{Jul. E iv, £ 4 *
Coronation of
Vitel. A xiii, £ 9
Henry IV., King of Eng
land
{Jul. E iv, £ 7
Henry V., King of Eng
land
Jul. E iv, £ 7 *
History, illustrated
Harl. 4379
Harl. 4380
Coronation of
Harl. 4380, £ 186 *
Marriage of
20 E vi, £ 9 *
Jul. E iv, £ 222
Henry VI., King of Eng
land
Jul. E iv, £ 8
Birth of
Jul. E iv, £ 222
Presented to the Virgin by
St. Louis
Dom. A xvii, £ 49
Presented by St. Catherine
to the Virgin Mary
Dom. A xvii, £ 74
With Margaret of Anjou
kneeling before the Trinity
Harl. 318, £ 8*
Author presenting a book to

{19 C vi, £ 17

K'V

Arms, badges and supporters
{19 C vi, £ 16 *

Henry VII., King of Eng
land
16 F ii, £ 188
14 E v
18 C xviii, £ 1
Portrait, kneeling
2 A xix, £ 1
Book presented by the author to
19 C viii, £ 1
Badge of
20 E i-vi
Henry VIII., King of
England, portrait of
2 A xvi, £ 3
Portrait as King David in
the Psalm " Dixit Insipiens "
2 A xvi, £ 63 *
Henry, of Sicily, drowned
Harl. 1766, f. 243
Heraclius, Emperor
16 E i
Herald
Jul. E iv, ff. 207, 214
15 E vi, £ 4*
Costumes of
Harl. 13 1 9
Heraldic illuminations
Claud. D ii
Herbs
Harl. 5294
Herbarium, very natural
and beautifully coloured
drawings of plants
{Eg. 2020
Hercules, exploits of
15-477
Harl. 1766, ff. 65, etc.
' 15,268, f. 104*
Releasing the hydra
22,325, £ 1*

HE

147

HI

Heretics, burning of
27,695
20 E iii, £ 177 *
As demons, shooting a sym
bolized Trinity
Jul. D vii, £ 3 *
Head of a heretic
23,923, f- 73 b
Hermes, Saint
19,416, £ 133
Harl. 121 1, f. 88*
Slo. 2916, £ 121 *
Hermit
20 D vi, £ 203 *
Dom. A xvii, £ 48 *
Tib. B iii, £ 146
Lans. 1 1 79, £ 163 *
14 E iii, £ 3
19 E iii, £ 140
Hermitage, hermit in,
tempted by devil
10 E iv, £ 113 *
Hernia, cure of
Harl. 1585, £ 9
Herod, King
17,026, £ 130
27,697, f. 64*
With the Magi
Ar. 157, £ 4, 5
Feast of
Ar. 157, £ 7
Crowned and carried off by
fiends Lans. 420, £ 9
See Jesus Christ.
Herodias
Ar. 157, £ 7
Daughter of, dancing before
Herod 29,704, £ 11

Herodias, (continued)
Bringing St. John Baptist's
head 11,865, f- 86
{25,886, £ 21*
29,735, f- 15°^
Heron
24,686, £ 13 *
{Harl. 3469, £ 2
Harl. 7026, £ 15
Hesdin (Simon de),
Master in Theology, figure of
Harl. 4372, £ 12
Hieroglyphic or rebus
pictures
{Harl. 2332
17 A xvi
HiGHPRiEST,in cope offer
ing lambs
Harl. 4381, £ 63
In dalmatic
1 E ix, f. 64
See Jesus Christ.
Hilary, Saint
19 B xvii, £ 44
Eg. 1070, f. 84
Hippocampus + 15,434, f- "6*
Burn. 97, £ 25 *
Hippolyta, Saint, mar
tyrdom of
29,704, £ 32
Hippolytus, Sain
19 B xvii, £ 209 *
15,813, £ 252
Martyrdom of
20 D vi, £ 94 *
Hippolytus, Legend of
Harl. 1766, £ 39 11*

HI

I48

HO

Historical Pictures
See List of Manuscripts.
Hockey, game at
10 E iv, f. 95
Hod, builders'
Aug. A v, f. 51 *
Harl. 4431, £ 292

Holofernes, appoint
ment of
Harl. 4381, £ 241
• Death of
Harl. 4381, £ 244
Holy Family
See Jesus Christ.

HOLY GHOST, Descent of. — The usual form of
this subject, which admits of little variation, follows very
exactly the account of the sacred narrative. The twelve
Apostles and the virgin Mother (who occupies the place of
honour) are "all with one accord in one place." Over their
bowed heads hovers a Dove, and from it stream rays of light,
while " cloven tongues like as of fire " rest upon each one of those
assembled. Sometimes all the Apostles are distinguished by
symbols, but generally Saint Peter and Saint John are recog
nisable either by a difference of face or by prominence of
position, while the others form a mere crowd of conventional
figures. This picture frequently forms the illustration to that
form of the daily canonical Hours known as " Horse (or Officium)
Spiritus Sancti," but occurs also in the series of pictures prefixed
to Psalters of early date.

Cal. A xiv, £31 (peculiar)
Tib. C vi, £ 15 *
Harl. 2908, f. 69 *
17.738, £ 3*
Nero C iv, £28
{Eg. 1 139, £ 11 * (without B.
V M.)
Harl. 1810, £ 230
Lans. 383, £ 14
17,868, f. 29
28,784, £ 10*
28,784 B, ff. 15, 15*
Ar. 157, f. 12*
Harl. 928, £ 10
Harl. 2930, f. 13 *
Kings 5, £ 27 (with Old Test.
types) 1 D x, £ 6
2 B iii, £ 79
15,265, £ 128 (without B.
V. M.)
16,975, f- 22*
17,444, f. 20*

21,973, £ 82
23,145, f- J 76
24,681, £ 77
+ 29,407, £ 209
{30,072, f. 50*
Harl. 2449, £ 64
Harl. 2891, £ 176 *
Harl. 2979, £ 80
Harl. 3240, f.37*(O.T.types)
Harl. 4382, f. 237
Harl. 4996, f. 34(O.T. types)
19 B xvii, £ 135
4836, £ 65
",865, f- 5i
11,866, £ 68*
11,867, f- 7°
14,803, £ 60 *
15,216, £ 53* (St. Peter with
tiara) 15,267, £ 140*
15,525, £ 103
15,677, £ 26
15,813, f- 179

HO

149

HO

Holy Ghost, (continued.)

Holy Ghost, (continued.)

15,815, £ 21*

Harl. 2916, £ 84*

16,968, £ 117

Harl. 2917, £ 115

16,997, £ 129

Harl. 2919, £ 93 *

17,026, f. 28

Harl. 2921, f. 65 *

{18,192, f. 172

Harl. 2923, £ 15 *

+ 18,193, f- 139 b

{Harl. 2924, £ 67

18,213, f- 85

Harl. 2929, f. 71

18,751, £ 156

Harl. 2933, £ 20 *

18,851, ff. 177*, 234

Harl. 2934, £ 160

18,852, £ 108*

Harl. 2935, £ 48*

{18,854, £ 50*

Harl. 2936, £ 64

19,73s, £ 24 (grisaille)

Harl. 2940, £ 118

. 19,897, £ 171 *

Harl. 2943, £ 49 *

19,962, £ 97 *

Harl. 2947, £ 17

20,694, £ 44

Harl. 2948, £ 120

20,729, £ 135 *

Harl. 2950, £ 65 *

21,909, £ 82*

Harl. 2971, f. 100

22,494, £ 28

Harl. 2972, £ 124

22,590, £ 25 *

Harl. 2974, f. 108

22,751, £ 15*

Harl. 2980, £ 58,*

125,693, £ 50

Harl. 2989, £ 48

25,69s, f- J39

Harl. 2998, f. 58

25,697, ff. 133, 236*

Harl. 2999, ff. 67 *, 68

25,7 IO, f- 56*

Harl. 5049, £ 69

{25,887, £ 260*

Harl. 5328, £ 74

{27,697, £ 88*

Harl. 5370, f. 66

27,698, f. 8

Harl, 5762, £ no

28,271, £ 44

Harl. 5781, £ 62

28,962, £ 341 *

Kings 6, £ 8 *

29,433, f- in*5

Kings 7, £ 30

29,706, £ 112

Kings 8, £ 60

{29,735, £ 89

2 B xiii, £ 12

29,785, f- 57

2 B xv, £ 13 *

+30,014, f- 96 *

15 D hi, £ 509

30,059, £ 84*

Slo. 961, £ 37

Ar. 316, £ 24*

{Slo. 2418, £ 43*

{Eg. 309, f. 35*

Slo. 2419, £ 69 *

Eg. 1070, ff 74 ^, 93

Slo. 2605, £ 72

Eg. 1 147, f- 21

Slo. 2692, £ 18* (grisaille)

Eg. 2019, £ 135

Slo. 2732 B, f. 33

Eg. 2045, £ 178*

Slo. 2803, £ no

Harl. 2853, f. 22*

Dove

Harl. 2855, £ 176*

18,751, £ 156

Harl. 2858, £ 19*
Harl. 2865, £ 49 *

Seven gifts personified

Harl. 2867, £ 10 *

17,738

Harl. 2876, £ 16*

Resting on head of B. V M.

Harl. 2877, £ 45 *

Lans. 383, f. 159*

HO

150

HO

Homer, portrait of
21,245, ff. 50*, 58
Figure of
Harl. 5600, f. 15 *
Tales of, illustrated
15,477
Harl. 5600
Honey, process of taking
from beehive
3°,337
Hooks, long, or Crooks,
held by devils
Eg. 943, ff. 38 *, etc.
Hoopoe
Harl. 4979, £ 61
See Birds. Borders.
Hope personified
n,866, £ 2*
23,970
Horace, portrait of
Lans. 836, f. 2 *
Horatius keeping the
bridge of Rome
Harl. 4374, f. 165
Horns, hunting
Jul. A vi, £ 7
Tib. C vi, f. 10*
Eg. 1 146, £ 10 *
Harl. 4431, ff. 106, 128
Blowing 13 B viii, f. 30
20 D ii, £ 107 *
Drinking Nero C iv, £17
Deer Harl. 603
17 A iv, ff. 4, 5

Horses
Harl. 603
{Harl. 1585, £ 69*
Burn 275
Harl. 4381, ff. 32, 134, 159
Harl. 4940
19 C i, ff. 40, etc.
5474 19,669
{19,720, ff. 212*, etc.
27,697, ff. 83*, 210
{Eg. 1065, £ 74
Lans. 1 1 79, ff. 104, etc.
Harl. 1251, f. 45
{Harl. 4372, f. 79*
Harl. 4374, 4375
Harl. 5256
1 E ix, ff. 235, 237 *, 306
15 E vi
17 F ii
18 D vii, f. 203*
18 E iii, iv
{19 C viii
20 C v
In a boat
20 D ii, £ 290 *
Brunehilda, queen of France,
torn asunder by two
14 E v, £ 455 *
18 D vii, £ 203 *
Combat between
12 F xiii, £ 42 *
Cavalry, fording river
{15 D iv, £ 145
Grotesque 23,144, f- 3
Knight mounting a
Slo. 2430, f . 2 *
For knight
20 B xi, £ 3
Led 10 E iv, £ 168
Litter with passenger
Harl. 5256, f. 9

HO

151

HU

Horses, (continued.)
Shoeing Eg. 859, f. 17
Training a, to dance
20 D iv, £ 237 *
Sitting Harl. 4379, f. 142 *
Trojan Harl. 4431, £ 141
Trappings 24,199, £ 14
15,219, £ 12
Cleop. C xi, £ 13 *
Lans. 782, ff. 8, etc.
15,243, f- 12
15,268, £ 179*
{17,006, f. 8
{17,333, f- 13 b
{21,965, £ 4
27,376
127,695 Eg. 943, f- 81
16 G vi
20 C vii
17,399
{21,247 28,962, £ 78
Harl. 2278
{Harl. 4374, f- 155 *
{Harl. 4379
{Harl. 6205, £ 60
2 A xv, f. 48
14 D ii, f. 8
14 E iii
16 G viii
{16 G ix, ff. 42*, etc.
19 B xv, £ 10*
{19 E v-
Bridle Tib. C vi, £ n
{11,695, £ 168
Collars Harl. 4381, f- 159
Saddle {10 E iv, £ 215
19 E ii, £ 145
See Knights. Riders.

Hosea
Harl. 4382
Marriage of
1 E ix, £ 227
Birth of his son
{15 D iii, £ 391
Houses
Harl. 4375
{17 F ii, £ 172*
Harl. 4385, £ 94
See Buildings.
Hubert, Saint
10 E iv, £ 230
24,153, £ 19°^
I Eg. 859, £ 3
Harl. 2865, £ 106*
Hugh, Saint
Kings 9, £ 51 *
Human forms in initials
30,845, et seq.
Hunting Scenes
Harl. 3244, ff. 36*, etc.
{Harl. 4751
12 C xix
12 F xiii
12,033, £ 55 *
12,228
Burn. 275
Harl. 324, £ 1
• Harl. 4381, £ 4
Kings 24, £ 101
6 E vi, £ 30 *
Slo. 3544
15,269, £ 64*
19,720, £ 264*
{24,189, £ 5*
+ 27,699
Vesp. B xii
Harl. 5256
16 E viii,. ff. 4,27
19 E vi, £ 57
In a forest
{20 C v, £ 59*

HU

152

IN

Huntsmen
15,268, £ 75 * (royal hunting
party) 10 Eiv, ff. 252*, 254 (royal
hunters) 2 5, 2 68, f. 1 *(comic hare hunt)
Harl. 4751
J 12 Cxix, ff. 9*, 28
{16 E viii, £ 27
Slo. 278, ff. 50, 54
10,293, £ 1
10 E iv, £ 34*
Dress of
Aug. A v, f. 388
Hurricane
18 O ii, £ 83 *
Husbandry, scenes of
Harl. 603
Tib. B v, £ 4
Harl. 2702, £ 2
15 E ii, f. 247 *
See Agriculture. Seasons.
Hustings
Harl. 4374, £ 224
Hyacinthe, Saint
27,697, £ 197
Hydra
12 C xix, ff. 12 *, 13
Harl. 273, £ 77
Hyena disturbing a grave
{Harl. 4751, £ 10
{12 C xix, £ 11*

Hyena, (continued)
Figure of a
22,557, f- 34
Hypocrisy personified
19 B xiii, £ 8
Harl. 4425, £ n
I.
Ichneumon
{Burn 97, £ 38
Idol Lans. 1 179
18 E iii, £ 109
18 E v, £ 232 (overthrown
from altar)
19 E vi, £ 10 (golden)
20 C iv, f. 30
Lans. 1178, £ 222
Burn. 257
Destruction of
i5,677, f- 27*
See Jesus Christ, Flight into
Egypt.
Igerna, Queen
20 A ii, £ 3 *
Imagination personified
19 C viii
Imogent, Queen
20 A ii, £ 2
Ina, King of Wessex
Claud. D ii, £ 2

INITIALS. — Inasmuch as every illuminated Manu
script contains a variety of ornamental initial letters, it would
have been useless to reproduce here the List of Manuscripts
already given above. But a few notes upon the principal styles
will be of use to the reader, who is referred to pages 1 to 26 for
the best specimens arranged under style and date. In initials of
the Carlovingian period mouldings and classical patterns are
generally employed, intermixed occasionally with the inter-

IN

153

IN

twining patterns of the Irish style. In the Irish style of orna
mental letters, seen to superfluity in the Book of Kelly at Dublin,
and the Durham Gospels, Nero D iv, in the British Museum, and
the St. Chad Gospels at Lichfield, the ornamental initials are
very beautiful, on account of the intricacy of their patterns, the
harmonious effect of their colours, and the slight but judicious
blending of gold. The initials of English twelfth century style
are distinguished for their great size, for while from the eighth
to the eleventh century figures of men and various objects of animal
creation had entered largely into the composition of the initial,
in the twelfth century we find principally conglomerations of
foliage, more or less conventional, commingled with the zoo
morphic forms of earlier dates. This century shows lightness of
design in blue and green colouring for the French and English
Manuscripts, those of the Flemish and German schools being
heavier and darker as a rule. The Lombardic style, used in
Italy and Spain, contributes another kind of initial used in this
age, made of lacertine patterns of great intricacy, painted in gold
and bright pigments, not unlike some Eastern designs ; but the
more purely Italian initial is adorned with the vine pattern of
tendrils and leaves, a style which was revived with good effect in
the fifteenth century. In the thirteenth century the initial letter
begins to be employed as affording an excellent opportunity of
introducing a miniature painting ; the large-sized spaces in ser
vice books for example, easily admitting the insertion of subjects
suitable to the text. Those which are filled with ornaments
only, have them highly finished in colours and gold, with figures
human and animal, grotesques, and interlaced bands. Simpler
and less pretentious letters are plain red or blue, with patterns of
geometric design, filled up with hatchings or filigree in white,
red, purple, or, in fact, almost any colour, upon a background of
contrasted hue.

Inkstand
11,850, £ 61 *
Harl, 4431, £3
See John, Saint, Evangelist.
Inkhorn and penner
Harl. 30 1 1, £ 69*
11,696, £ 8
15,434, f- 79
20,698, f. 70
Harl. 2681, f. 1
Harl. 4425, £ 7
Harl. 4431, £ 3
Harl. 4917, £ 4
14 E iv, f. 10
16 F v, £ 114

Inn, with signboard
22,494, f- 42
Innkeeper, with keys,
bread, and drink
15,685, £ 32 *
Innocents, Holy,
Massacre of
Nero C iv, £ 14
17,868, £ 20*
21,114, £ 46*
28,784 A, f. 60 *
{28,784 B, £ 4*
Calig. A vii, £ 9
Ar. 157, ff. 5, 43*

IN

154.

IS

Innocents, (continued.)
Harl. 2930, f. 46 *
1 D x, f . 7
2 B iii, £ 13 *
{17,687, £6
24,681, £ 62
Ar. 83, £ 125*
Harl. 2449, £ 54 *
Harl. 2979, £ 57
Harl. 3978, £ 24
19 B xvii, £ 30*
19 C i, £ 161
11,865, *• 4°
11,866, £ 167*
i5,°77, f- 98
15,265, £ 48*
15,525, f- 3o
15,813, f. 27
15,815, f. n*
16,968, £ 21
17,026, £ 130
{17,280, f. 203 *
17,943, f- 5i
18,192, £ 215
18,213, £ 45
i8,75i, f- 95
18,851, £ 312
{18,852, £ 260*
19,416, £ 71*
19,962, f. 85
20,729, £ 39 <S
22,590, f. 121
24,075, f- 34
25,695, f- H4
25,697, f- 37 *
27,697, f- 64*
29,735, f- 24
Ar. 341, £ 55
Eg. 1070, £ 83
Eg. 1 147, f- 1,13
Eg. 2045, £ 106
Harl. 2846, £ 95
Harl. 2853, £ 89 *
Harl. 2884, £ 84*
Harl. 2921, £ 51 *
Harl. 2933, £ 87
Harl. 2936, £ 47
Harl. 2969, £ 73 *
Harl. 2989, £ 66

Innocents, (continued.)
Harl. 4836, £ 12 * ,
{Slo. 2321, £ 61 *
Slo. 2605, £ 42
Slo. 2916, £ 67*
Kings 6, £ 73 *
Kings 9, £ 1 1 1 *
Innocent, Pope
Faust. B vii, £ 59
Inquisition, officers of the
Harl. 4375, £ 140
Insects (generally in bor
ders)
{28,841 -
+25,695{Burn. 97
{Eg. 1 147
Harl. 2536
Harl. 4372, 4373
Harl. 4425
{16 F ii
16 F iv, ff. 3, 38 *
16 G iv
17 F v, f. 3
{19 E ii
{19 E iii
20 C iii, £ 15
See Animals..
Instruments, mathema
tical, instruction in the use of
Burn. 275, £ 293
Surgical {Slo. 1977
Ireland, illustrations re
lating to
13 B viii
Irene, Empress, coro
nation of
16 G v, £ 121
Isaac, scenes from life of
15,268, ff. 30*, 37*

IS

155

JA

Isaac, (continued.)
Head of
7 D ii, £ 3
Taking wood for sacrifice
19,962, £ 40
Sacrifice of
24,199, £ 2
{Burn. 3, £ 10 *
Harl. 5102, f. 68
Harl. 4381, £ 22
{15,248, f. 27*
16,998, £ 52
i7,524, f- 157 #
19,962, £ 40 *
Eg. 2076, £ 3 *
Harl. '2835, f. 145
Slo. 2419, £ 65 *
Blessing Jacob
Harl. 4381, £ 26*
Isabel, Queen of Charles
VI. of France, death of
20 C ix, £ 95
Isabella, Queen of
Richard II.
Harl. 4380, ff. 89, etc.
Meeting of, with Richard II.
14 D vi, £ 68 *
ISACIUS AND MASSAGER
Harl. 1766, £ 239
Isaiah, Prophet
Harl. 2803
19 C i, £ 93 b
{ 15 D iii, £ 321
Martyrdom of
Ar. 157, £ 116
Harl. 4382, £ 40 *
{17 E vii, £ 300*
Ishbosheth, death of
Harl. 4381, £ 131*
Island, pond in an
{15 Eiv, £ 145

IsRAELiTEsbeforePharaoh
{15 D iii. f. 40
Making bricks under the
taskmasters ti5,248, £ 33
Leaving Egypt
17,280, f. 211
19 D ii, £ 43*
In wilderness
Harl. 5763, £ 20
Gathering manna
Harl. 2835, £ 145
Crossing Jordan
Harl. 4381, £ 100
1 E ix, £ 50
Italy, views in
{16 G viii
Ivo, Saint
19,962, £ 172
Eg. 1070, f. 92 *
Harl. 5049, £ 116

J-
Jackdaw and Ring, tale of
10 E iv, ff. 29, etc.
Jacob, scenes in life of
15,268, ff. 59, 65 *, 67
Head of
7 D ii, £ 3
Births of Jacob and Esau
17 E vii, f. 14*
With his father
15,268, £ 37*
With his mother
19 D ii, £ 28
Dream of
17 E vii, £ 27
Claud. B iv, f. 44 *
Nero C iv, £ 5

JA

156

JA

Jacob, (continued.)
Kings 5, £ 31
17 E vii, f. 27
19 D ii, £ 28*
22,494, £ 26
Eg. 2076, £ 4 *
Harl. 2967, £ 249
{15 Diii, f. 17
With Laban's cattle
Harl. 4381, £ 19 *
Wrestling with angel
Nero C iv, f. 5
1 D x, £ 74*
Eg. 1066, £ 62 *
Harl. 4381, £ 30*
24,678, f. 10
Before Pharaoh
Harl. 4381, f. 37 *
Jadan
Harl. 1766, ff. 107, 108
James, Saint, the great
20 D vi, £ 29
17,006, £ 167
23,145, f- 32
Harl. 2449, £ 202
Harl. 2897, £ 338*
19 B xvii, f. 176*
4836, ff. 180 *, 5
11,865, f- 89
11,866, £ 161
14,803, £ 102 *
i5,525, f- 109
15,815, f. 46*
17,026, £ 72
17,280, £ 344
17,353, f- 131 b
i7,525, f- 170
+ 17,943, f- 133 ^
18,192, £ 208 *
18,851, £ 412*
{18,852, £411*
18,854, £ 140 *
19,962, £ 162 *
20,859, f- 82
22,590, £ 239*
22,720, £ 52

James, (continued.)
+24,153, f- "3 b
27,697, f. 197
29,433, f- 200
Eg 859, £ 37
Eg. 1068, £ 84
Eg. 1070, £ 96
Eg. 1 147, £ 212 *
Harl. 2876, £ 87
Harl. 2936, £ 106 *
Kings 6, £ 144
Kings 7, £ 92 .
2 A xviii, £ 9 *
Slo. 2418, £ 133 *
Slo. 2605, f. 100
Slo. 2916, £ 118
Preaching Harl. 2897, £ 179*
Translation of his relics
20 D vi, £ 22
James, Saint, the Less
17,006, £ 152
Harl. 4382, £ 249
19 B xvii, £ 122 *
11,866, £ 163*
18,851, f. 367
29,433, f- 197*
Eg- 859, £ 39
Eg. 1070, £ 91 *
{Harl. 2897, f. 285 *
{15 D 'iii, £ 520*
Installed as Bishop of Jeru
salem 16,907, f. 106 *
Martyrdom 20 D vi, f. 49
30,038, £ 461
Janua (Johannes de) dis
coursing 25,722, f. 1
Janus
15,268, £ 242
Harl. 4940, £ 48 *
Head of
20,916, £ 2

JA

157

JE

Jason, scenes from life of
Harl. 1766, £ 31
Jay, or bird, in border
Harl. 6199, f. 7
Jeremiah, Prophet
Harl. 2803
17 E vii, ff. 318*, 337
15,248, ff. 163, 174
{15 D iii, ff. 340*, 361*
Lamenting over Jerusalem
Harl. 4382, £ 82 *
19 D ii, £ 357 *
Stoning of
Harl. 4382, £ 61
Jeroboam
Harl. 1766, ff. 107, 109
Jerome, Saint
Harl. 2820, £ 14*
Harl. 2803, £ 1 *
Harl. 2804, £ 1 *
20 D vi, £ 167 * (with lion)
18,720, f. 2
Harl. 2897, f. 404*
Harl. 4381, £ 4
19 B xvii, £ 273 *
11,866, £ 174
{15,281, £ 3*
15,815, £ 58*
16,998, £ 68
17,280, £ 355
18,197 18,851, £ 467*
22,557, f- 3° (with lion)
27,697, f- 197
27,948, £ 150*
2 9,433, f- 208*
{13,005, £ 1
Ar. 203, f. 76
Ar. 318, f. 140*
Ar. 341, £ 144
Harl. 1892, £ 21
Harl. 2846, f. 201 *
Harl. 2853, £ 180*
Harl. 2887, £ 113

Jerome, (continued.)
Harl. 2915, £ 126 *
{Harl. 2919, £ 144
Harl. 2948, £ 174
Harl. 2952, f. 102* (grisaille)
Harl. 2982, f. 97
Harl. 2985, £ 146 *
Harl. 3000, f. 143 *
Kings 7, £ 97
Kings 9, £ 238 *
1 E ix, ff. 50, 63*, 94*, 107,
109*, 126*, 129, 132*, 136,
158, 164*, 165*, 181, 231*,
227, 229 (as Cardinal)
{17 F vi, ff. 1, 81, 126
{17 F vii, ff. 1, 129
Slo. 2321, £ 33*
Slo. 2468, f. 205
Slo. 2471, £ 167 *
Slo. 2565, f. 139*
Slo. 2633, f. 151 *
Penance of
{17,012, f. 180 *
{18,852, £, 328*
{£ 109 *
Legend of the lion
15,114, £ 90*
Presenting his translation of
the Bible to Pope Damasus
Harl. 2908, £ 8
Blowing organ played by
Saint Gregory, while Saints
Augustine and Ambrose sing
7 B viii, £ 3 *
Jerusalem, view of
Aug. A v, £ 469 *
Jul. E iv, ff. 208 *, 209 *
1 E ix, £ 1 1 2 *
{17 F v,
14,819
Map of, with vicinity
Eg. 1500, £ 49
Fall of
20 A v, £ 21
Temple of
Nero D ii, £ 19*

JE 158 JE

Jerusalem, (continued.)
Building temple of
Harl. 4382, £ 1
Church of Holy Sepulchre
{Eg. 1070, £ 5
Patriarch of
Jul. E iv, £ 208 *

Jesse, (continued.)
21,926, £ 25 *
2 B iii, £ 8 *
22,279, £ 9
28,784 B, £ 8
Harl. 3240, £ 7 *
Harl. 4381, £ 177 '
15,525, f- 15
T + «+.<>+- 18,851, f.354
Jesse, tree or root of {18,852, £ 192
Ar. 44, £ 2 * Harl. 1892, £ 31 *
Nero C iv, £ 9 2 A xviii, £ 96
Lans. 383, £ 15 15 D iii, ff. 170, 432
21,114, £8* ) Slo. 2419, £ 21 *
JESUS CHRIST. — When one considers that
mediaeval art is essentially Christian art, it is not difficult to un
derstand why this heading should be more important and should
contain more pictures by far than any other in this book. This
fact tends considerably to contradict a very common charge
against those who held the faith of the mediaeval West, for it
will here be seen that the Founder of Christianity, whether re
presented as the Deity in human form, or as the " Man Christ
Jesus," occupied in the minds of mediaeval artists a position
accorded to no other being. The subject, which includes many
minor headings, seems to fall naturally into two great divisions —
the Historical, which consists of pictures relating to the earthly
life of the Saviour, as told by the Evangelists, with the addition
of a few legends which, though " grounded upon no warranty of
Scripture," are so far not " repugnant to the Word of God " as
to form part of a regular series with the Gospel narrative ; and
the Mystical, in which are found pictures which record no actual
event, but wherein some doctrine of the Church or some phase
of the character of the Redeemer is symbolically illustrated by
His position, dress or surroundings. Space will not admit of
any dissertation on the origin of the conventional modes of treat
ment, even if any real conclusion had been arrived at thereon,
but in this subject, above all others, possibly no doubt from
some sort of reverent scruple against originality, a very large
amount of conventionality has held its ground, even to the
present day, though sorely shaken by the earthquake of the
" renaissance." The traditional face of Our Lord, with its grave,
sad eyes, its short forked beard, its gentle expression, and its
flowing hair, backed by the " nimbus cruciger," is so well known
to us that there are few Christians who do not in their hearts
imagine that such were indeed the actual features of the Son of
Mary, and this Face, with very little variation, is to be found in
pictures of Christ of all dates, from the mosaics of San Clemente
to Holman Hunt's " Shadow of the Cross," so that any

JE 159 JE
description is needless. The Historical series of pictures have
been here arranged in chronological order, and may be described
as forming three classes, referring respectively to the Childhood,
Ministry, and Passion. These we will take in detail, giving a
short notice of each.
I. The Childhood. — This division begins with the Nativity.
In the early representations of this subject the " lonely cattle
shed " is slightly indicated by an architectural border, with some
times a background of arches, through which appear the heads
of an ox and an ass, overhanging the Babe lying in a manger.
The Virgin Mother is placed near her Son in some form of bed,
while occasionally Saint J oseph, an old man holding a hooked ,
staff, stands near. In the late fourteenth and the fifteenth
centuries, an important difference appears: for the Blessed Virgin,
in accordance with a tradition which held her of all the
daughters of Eve to have been the one exception to the curse
laid upon the mother of the human race (Gen. iii. 16), no longer
is seen on a bed, but kneels in worship of her newborn Son.
Angels also are introduced, and the details of the stable or cave
and its surroundings are often well worked out. The Annunci
ation to the Shepherds follows this in order. There is not much
variety to be found, except as to the details of pastoral life in
troduced, and most of the pictures are of late date. The
shepherds are shown " abiding in the field, keeping watch over
their flocks by night," sometimes playing on bagpipes, haut
boys, and other rustic instruments, and in the sky above is the
angel holding a scroll with the first words of the hymn with which
the Church to this day announces the Eucharistic advent of
the Babe of Bethlehem, '' Glory to God in the Highest, and on
earth peace to men of good will.'" Of the next subject, the
Adoration of the Shepherds, there are few instances, and these
chiefly late ones, so that there cannot be said to be any con
ventional type. The Circumcision is generally shown as taking
place in the Temple, the High Priest, vested as a bishop, per
forming the office of " Mohel." These pictures are late, and it is
probable that the subject was not a favourite one. The Ado
ration of the Magi, affording scope for a good deal of magnificence,
is a very common subject. The wise men are almost always
shown as kings, and in many of the later pictures one of them is
represented as a negro or Moor. The Flight into Egypt gene
rally contains three figures, the Mother and Babe, mounted on
an ass, and Saint Joseph walking by their side. This subject
allows the introduction of landscapes, trees, etc. (often of great
beauty) and the development of that part of miniature painting
may almost be traced out from these pictures. In some of these
miniatures legendary events are recorded, such as the fall of the
1 This (Vulgate) reading is given in the pictures ; and Codices A.B.D. and « agree
with it, and not with the A.V.

JE l6o JE
idols of Egypt on the entry of our Lord into the land, or the
miracle of the corn which grew up in a single night and baffled
the pursuers. The Presentation in the Temple very much re
sembles the Circumcision in surroundings, and seldom possesses
any peculiar features, except of glaring anachronism, such as the
introduction of an altar crucifix or a frontal with crosses I The
series of the Childhood is closed by the Finding in the Temple,
a not very common subject, with no features of any note.
II. The Ministry. — Many of the subjects in this class are
merely literal representations of scenes, and contain nothing of
value in the history of art, though often of considerable beauty.
There are, however, four sets of pictures of that part of our
Lord's life which are of frequent occurrence, viz., the Baptism,
Temptation, Miracle of Cana, and Raising of Lazarus. In
early pictures of the Baptism, the figure of Christ, wholly or
partially undraped, is placed in the Jordan (represented by
wavy lines with fish among them), while Saint John Baptist
pours water from hand or shell upon Him, and a dove settles
on His head. This rendering, literally representing the Gospel
story, continues into late times, with gradual improvements in
the river and surrounding scenery, and the introduction in
many cases of other figures. The Temptation affords scope
for great variety in the way of Devils, in the delineation of
which much ingenuity is shown. The scene generally repre
sented is that of the first temptation, " If thou be the Son of
God command that these stones be made bread," and the
devil . is generally pointing to the stones or holding them in
his hands. The Miracle of Cana generally contains the whole
story in one picture : showing in one part the Blessed Virgin
telling her Son of the want of wine, and His answer, " What
is it to me and to thee ;" in another the servants filling the
six wa'terpots ; in another the guests at table partaking of the
" good wine." In many of these the wedding feast of the
period of the Manuscript is well pourtrayed. The Raising of
Lazarus frequently accompanies the Office of the Dead in
Service Books. Here the tomb is generally a stone structure
of the sort known commonly as " altar-tombs," with a large stone
slab for lid, which is sometimes being lifted off with crow-bars
and levers. The Saviour stands in an attitude of command,
and the figure of Lazarus, " bound hand and foot with grave
clothes," emerges from the tomb, while the bystanders often
show their anticipation of the effects of the four days of death,
by holding their noses, a curious instance of the extreme of"
literalism. III. The Passion. — In this class are included those very
numerous representations of the events which occurred from
Palm Sunday to Ascension Day in the last year of our Lord's
earthly life, the principal part of these being the events of the
Holy Week. They generally form a regular series, beginning

JE l6l JE
with the Entry into Jerusalem. The majority of these subjects
are too well known to need description, and no real difference
of any importance beyond the natural development of artistic
excellence as displayed in grouping, buildings, and landscapes,
is noticeable between the earliest and latest pictures. The
series traces in great detail the progress of the events imme
diately preceding and following the Crucifixion ; the various
scenes of the Last Supper, Agony, Betrayal, Trial, Mocking,
Scourging, Descent from the Cross, and Entombment being of
frequent occurrence ; the details of each picture generally fol
lowing minutely the Gospel narrative, and such points of
importance as are not mentioned therein (e.g., the pillar of the
scourging, or the linen girdle) follow well known and almost
invariable traditions of art. It will be seen that any variations
from ordinary usage have been noted as they occur. But the
subject , of which the instances are the most numerous of all
is that of the crowning event of the Passion, the Crucifixion.
We shall not attempt a full discussion of the various treat
ments of this subject, for it would need a book to itself, and
should such a book be at any time attempted, we may hope
that the author will find our list of some use to him. The
subject has two distinct forms, the devotional, in which the
crucified Saviour is accompanied only by His mother and
Saint John ; and the historical, wherein the two thieves, the
soldiers, priests, and others, are introduced. In the first of
these the moment chosen for representation is when " He
bowed His head and gave up the ghost." In the second
various times are chosen, often the same as in the devotional
rendering, but often also the piercing of the side or the offering
of the sponge. The most prominent distinguishing point
between pictures of various dates and countries is the manner
in which the sacred feet are nailed. In almost all pictures
before the year 1300, and in all of Greek origin, two nails are
used, but in most of the later pictures the two feet are pierced
by one nail. There seems, however, to be no absolute rule
found, except in the case of Greek pictures, for in many quite
late pictures, such as those of Vandyke and Velasquez, two
nails only are used. This use is not uncommon in German
art even to the present day. There is in the possession of
one of the authors of this work a crucifix, beautifully carved
in the present year by Joseph Meyer (the " Christus " of the
celebrated Oberammergau Passion Play in 1870), in which the
feet are nailed apart; and the sculptor defended this as a
German art tradition. The legendary events occurring in this
series are, the Harrowing of Hell (if an event founded on a
clause of the Apostles' Creed may be called legendary), in
which Christ is shown trampling on the Devil -and liberating
the spirits of the departed from Hades, the mouth of which
is very literally given as the mouth of a huge beast with
13

JE l62 JE
formidable teeth ; broken or falling doors are not unfrequently
introduced into this scene ; the meeting with Saint Veronica,
who received the impress of His face on her handkerchief (said
to be still preserved at Rome), and the meeting with His
Mother after the Resurrection (on "which occasion the Antiphon
of the Blessed Virgin, "Regina Cceli, latare," still sung at
Compline in Eastertide, is said to have been sung by angels).
There are many pictures of the Resurrection, but very few of
these are of a satisfactory nature, so that it would seem that an
event which was seen by no one, and of which any description is
in a very marked way absent from the Gospels, as well as from
tradition, could never be successfully represented in art.
The subjects included among Mystical Representations in
Part II. are not many in number. Some of these speak for
themselves, but the two largest headings require a few words.
The first of these we have called " In Glory," or " Blessing."
This is the form of representation sometimes known as a
" Majesty." In it Christ is shown enthroned, sometimes holding
an orb, and occasionally with a rainbow round His throne,
and in many cases with the hand raised in the position used
by a bishop in giving the benediction, i.e., with the third and
fourth fingers closed. These pictures extend over a considerable
period as to date, and seldom differ very much in treatment.
The other heading is one for which we have adopted the title
suggested by Mrs. Jameson in her well known " Life of Our
Lord," the " Eucharistic Ecce Homo," the constant association
of this picture with prayers, etc., relating to the Blessed
Sacrament being sufficient proof of the appropriateness of the
name. Here the dead body of Christ is shown standing erect
in a tomb with blood streaming from His wounds, while nails,
cross, scourges, and other emblems of the Passion are disposed
about the background. The subject appears to be of the
same realistic type, both in treatment and conception, as the
modern pictorial developments of the cultus of the Sacred Heart.
We might easily fill up many pages with discussions or
description of pictures under the heading of Jesus Christ,
and many theories might be worked out, but this would be
beyond the scope of our work, for we do not profess to do
more than give materials to others for such a purpose ; and
in concluding our notice of this important class of pictures
we would refer our readers for further information to the
excellent work mentioned.

I.HISTORICALand Legendary. Genealogy of, with
portraits of ancestors,
etc. 19 C i, £ 95

Series of Life of
Ar. 246
{6 E vi, ff. 7 *, 14
{Slo. 1977
+ 14,819
29,434

Harl. 3240, f. 38 *
19 C i, f. 159*
24,189
{20 B iv
{Harl. 3571 (legend
ary and scriptural)

JE

I63

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
Nativity. Harl. 1810, £ 26
{Eg. 1 139, f. 2
Harl. 2908, £ 16
Harl. 2821, £ 68
Eg. 608, £ 60
17,738, £ 168
Eg. 809, f. 1 *
Nero C ii, £ 10
17,868, £ 16*
24,683, £ 10 *
28,784 A, £ 33 *
{28,784 B, ff. 2, 2*, 8
Ar. 157, ff. 3*, 82
Harl. 928, f. 3*
Harl. 2930, £ 10 *
Lans. 420, £' 7 *
1 D x, £ 1 *
2 B iii, £ 10 *
2 B vi, £ 8
Calig. A vii, f. 7
",843, f- 3 b
+ i6,975, f- 17
17,444, f- 102
{17,687 A
2i,973, f- 15
22,279, f- I4 (child
holding a bird)
22,280, £ 9 *
2S,i45, f- 82 *
24,681, £ 16 *
28,681, £ 4
29,253, ff-309^,392*
29,962, £ 3
Ar. 83, £ 125
Eg. 1066, £ 35 *
Harl. 3240, £ n *
(with O. T. type)
Harl. 4381, ff. 4, 159
Harl. 4996, £ n
(with O. T. types)
Kings 5, £ 2 (with
O. T. types)
17 E vii, £ 398
19 B xvii, £ 22
Harl.4836,ff.i2*,67

6797, £ 244
11,865, £ 30
11,866, £ 42
14,803, £ 36 *
15,265, £ 21 *
15,525, £ 24
15,677, £ 24*
15,702, £ 95
15,711, £ 188*
15,813, ff- 21*, 24
16,968, f. 17*
+ i6,997, f- 57 (sera
phim descending)
16,998, £ 10 *
{17,026, £ 107
17,280, £ 183*
+ 17,466, £ 34
17,742, £ 26
17,943, f- 3i
+ 18,192, £ 52
18,193, f- 20 *
{18,197 C
18,213, f-. 34 (St.
Joseph cooking)
18,751, £ 71
{18,851, £ 29
{18,852, £ 133*
18,853, £38*
{18,854, £ 52
19,416, £ 59*
19,417, £ 16
19,738, £ 53
19,897, £ 22
i9,9!7, f- 13
19,962, ff. 114, 117*
20,694, f. 45 *
20,729, £ 34*
21,909, f. 39
22,494, f- 27
22,590, £ 101
22,720, £ 14
22,751 (on cover)
{24,075, f- 34
24,153, f- 94
24,681, £ 44
{25,693, ff. 6, 8
25,697, f- 3°
25,710, £ 26
25,885, £ 3

27,697, f- 49
27,698, f. 8
28,271, £ 24 *
28,785, £ 59*
28,962, £ 337*
29,433, f- 56
29,7°4, f- 3
t29,735> f- 20
30,059, £ 62
Ar. 341, £ 45
Burn. 252, ff. 67, 121
{Aug. A v, £ 309
Eg. 940, £ 9
{Eg. 1068, £ 28
Eg. 1070, ff. 24 *, 82
Eg. 2019, £ 68
Harl. 1892, £ 8*
Harl. 2846, £ 77
Harl. 2853, f- 68 *
Harl. 2855, f. 74
Harl. 2863, £ 44
Harl. 2865, f. 23
Harl. 2876, £ 32*
Harl. 2877, £ 46*
Harl. 2884, £ 60 *
Harl. 2887, ff. 28*,
55* Harl. 2891, £ 33
Harl. 2900, £ 71
Harl. 2915, £ 28
Harl. 2916, f. 48*
Harl. 2917, £ 47 *
Harl. 2918, £ 58*
Harl. 2922, £ 43
Harl. 2923, £ 60
Harl. 2924, f. 68*
Harl. 2933, £ 72
Harl. 2934, £ 46
Harl. 2935, £ 50
Harl. 2941, £ 10
Harl. 2950, £ 67
Harl. 2952, f. 142*
Harl. 2955, £ 34 *
Harl. 2959, £ 39
{Harl. 2969, £ 60
Harl. 2971, f. 56
Harl. 2974, £ 50
Harl. 2975, f. 9 *
Harl. 2989, f. 49
13*

JE

164

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
Harl. 2998, f. 32
Harl. 5049, £ 39
Harl. 5328, £ 46*
Harl. 5370, £ 68
Harl. 5762, £ 57
Harl. 7026, £ 6
Kings 6, £ 57 *
Kings 7, f. 31
Kings 8, £ 22
Kings 9, £ 93 *
1 B x, f. 33
1 E ix, £ 254*
2 B xii, £ 5 *
2 B xiii, £ 6 *
2 Bxv, ff. 15*, 32*,
39 b, 53 b
{16 Gm, £ 33*
19 A xxii, £ 2 *
Slo. 961, £ 38 *
Slo. 2321, £ 54
Slo. 2418, £ 45
Slo. 2468, £ 51
Slo. 2605, £ 30
Slo. 2732 B, £ 34
Slo. 2916, £ 45 *
Birth announced
to Shepherds.
Harl. 2908, £ 16
Nero C iv, £11
21,926, £ 15
28,784 A, £ 39 *
28,784 B, ff. 3b,6b
Ar. 157, £ 3*
1 D x, £ 1 *
2 B iii, £ 1 1 *
2 B vi, £ 8 *
Calig. A. vii, £ 8*
Lans. 450, £ 7 *
17,444, £ 109
22,279, f- 14 *
23,145, f- 93*
Ar. 83, £ 125
Eg. 1066, £ 43
",867, f- 38
15,077, £ 82
{ 16,997, £ 63

17,026, £ in
{17,280, £ 190* (ac-
companiedby vignettes
of pastoral amuse
ments) 18,213, f- 40
18,751, £86*
19,416, £'55
25,695, f. 87
27,697, £ 52 *
Eg. 1070, f. 32*
{Eg. 2045. f, 89
29,433, f- 62
Harl. 2921, f. 41 *
Harl. 2934, f. 52
20,694, ff. 45*, 51
2 Bxv, ff. 36*, 53*
4836, £ 74
Harl. 2935, £ 57
Harl. 2865, £ 25 *
Harl. 5762, £ 62
Harl. 5370, £ 79
Harl. 5328, £ 52
Slo. 2732 B, £38*
19,962, £ 58*
Slo. 2916, £ 49 *
Kings 8, f. 26 *
22,590, f. 106
17,466, £ 34
17,943, f- 34*
{28,785, f. 67
16,968, £ 19
Harl. 2952, £ 146 *
(grisaille) Ar. 341, £ 49
Slo. 2321, £ 56*
i9,738,f.59(gnsaille)
Harl. 3000, £ 65
Harl. 2884, £ 66 *
Harl. 2876, £ 32 *
Harl. 5781, £ 67
{Eg. 2019, £ 75
Harl. 2999, £ 43

{Harl. 2877, £ 52 *
21,909, £43*
Harl. 2924, £ 74
11,866, £ 46
Kings 7, £ 34
24,698, £ 9

18,853, £ 39*
{Harl. 2936, £ 39
Harl. 2950, £ 78
Harl. 2915, £ 31
Slo. 961, £ 44*
{Eg. 1068, £ 31
18,854, f-57
Harl. 2974, £ 60
Slo. 2468, f. 57 *
Harl. 2989, £ 55
Burn. 352, £ 89
Harl. 2948, £ 73
Slo. 2605, £ 33
{Harl. 2969, f. 64
{11,865, £ 32*
Harl. 2853, £ 74 *
Harl. 2917, £ 51 £
Harl. 2998, £ 35 *
Harl. 2846, £ 83
Harl. 2900, £ 76*
Harl. 2971, £ 60
Harl. 2999, £ 43
17,353, f- 64*
Harl. 2923, £ 66
24,075, ff- 34, 303
Harl. 2916, £ 54*
Harl. 2933, £ 76
Harl. 5049, £ 42
14,803, £ 39*
Harl. 2918, £ 60*
Kings 9, £ 99 *
+ 25,693, f- 9
Slo. 2605, £ 33
Slo. 2418, £ 50 *
Kings 6, f. 62 *
25,710, f. 28*
15,813, £ 21*
{18,852, £ 240*
30,014, £ 51
30,059, £ 67

Adoration by the
Shepherds. iS,677, f- 76*
17,280, £ 191
+"25,693, £ 10
25,695, f- 78
30,014, £ 51
Eg. 2045, f- 82

JE

I65

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued)
{Harl. 2936, £ 36
19 A xxii, £2*
Circumcision. 17,006, £ 17
{29,902, £ 6
Ar. 83, £ 125
19 B xvii, £ 36 *
4856, £ 1
11,865, f- 1
15,216, £ 93
Harl. 2955, f. 40
15,525, f- 26
15,815, £ 12*
17,026, £ 115
18,851, £ 37
19,416, £,65
20,729, £ 35 *
22,494, f- 36
{25,693, f. n
30,038, £ 117
Adoration of the
Magi. Nero C iv, £ 12
{Eg. 1 139, f. 2*
17,868, £ 17
22,494, £ 32
21,926, £ 15
24,683, £ 11 *
28,784 A, £ 44*
28,784 B, ff. 4, 5, 6
Ar. 157, £ 4
Calig. A vii, £11
Harl. 928, £ 5 *
Harl. 2930, £ n *
Lans. 420, £ 8 *
1 D x, £ 2
2 B iii, £ 1 2 *
2 B vi, £ 8 *
Ar. 83, £ 125
Eg. 1066, £ 51 *
17,444, f- H4*
{17,006, £ 18*
Harl. 2891, £ 36
Harl. 2979, £ 57
{16,975, £ 18

22,279, £ 15 * (star,
with child in it)
Kings 5, f- 3 (with
O. T types)
Harl. 4996, ff. 11, 45
(with O. T. types)
Harl. 3240, f. 12 *
(with O. T. types)
11,843, f- 3 b
21,973, £ 22
19 B xvii, £ 40
19 C i, £ 160
4867, f. 45 *
i5,o77, f- 87 *
16,997, f- 68
18,751, £82
25>695, f- 94
27,697, £56*
Eg.io7o,ff. 34*, 83*
Eg. 1 147, £ 94
Harl. 2950, £ 87
Harl. 2915, £ 33
15,216, f. 73*
18,213, £ 37
{Eg. 2045, £ 95
{17,026, f. 119
19,416, £ 62 *
17,280, £ 197 *
Harl. 3978, £ 15 *
(B. V. M. crowned)
+ 29,433, f- 67
Harl. 2921, £ 48 *
Harl. 2934, £ 57
20,694, £ 55 *
{18,851, £41
i5,525, f- 28
4836, ff. 1, 80
Harl. 2935, £ 62
Harl. 2865, £ 27*
Harl. 5762, f. 68
Harl. 5370, £ 87*
Harl. 5328, £ 55*
Slo. 2732 B, £ 42
19,962, f. 105*
Slo. 2916, £ 53 *
Kings 8, £ 31*
22,590, f. 111
27,698, f. 10
18,853, f- 46 *

Harl. 7026, £ 7 *
{Eg. 2125, f. 182*
28,271, £ 29 *
Harl. 2916, £ 59
Harl. 2933, £ 79 *
Harl. 5049, £ 45
14,803, £ 42 *
15,814, £ 24*
25,697, £ 48 *
Harl. 2918, £ 64
18,193, f- 4i*
27,913, £ 11
15,525, £ 28
20,729, £ 36*
Kings 9, f. 103 *
+ 25,693, f- 12
Slo. 2615, £ 36
Slo. 3418, £ 56
16,968, £ 20
Harl. 2952, £ 150
(gris-) Harl. 2855, £ 90
Ar. 341, £ 53
Ar. 302, £ 177 *
Slo. 2321, £ 58*
19,738, £ 64 (gris.)
Harl. 3000, £ 68
Harl. 2884, £ 78 *
25,885, £ 3
Harl. 2853, £ 79*
Harl. 2917, £ 56
Harl. 2998, £ 38
Harl. 2846, f. 87
{Harl. 2900, £ 81 *•
+ 18,192, £ 59
Harl. 2971, £ 65
Harl. 2999, £ 46
17,353, f- 7i*
19,917, f- 13
Harl. 2923, £ 70
24,075, f- 43
15,265, £34*
17,466, £ 40
i7,943, f- 38
25,697, f- 48 *
28,785, £ 72*
+ 29,735, f- 28*
30,014, £ 56 *
Kings 6, £ 66 *

JE

1 66

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
25,710, £ 39
15,813, f- 32*
15,711, £ 188 *
24,153, f- 92*
{18,852, £247*
3°,°59, f- 77
30,038, £ 117*
Slo. 961, f. 49
{Eg. 1068, £ 33 *
18,854, f. 62
Harl. 2974, f. 65
Slo. 2468, £ 62 *
Harl. 2989, £ 59
Burn. 352, £77
Harl. 2948, f. 80
Slo. 2605, f. 36
{Harl. 2969, f. 67 *
11,865, £35
{Harl. 2936, £ 42
23,145, f- IO°
{Eg. 2019, f. 80
Harl. 2955, £ 43*
Harl. 2999, f. 46
Harl. 2863, £ 50
{Harl. 2877, £ 55*
21,909, f. 47*
Harl. 2924, £ 79 *
11,866, f. 48*
Kings 7, £ 37
28,962, £ 338*
Presentation in
the Temple
{Eg. 1 139, £ 3
Harl. 1810, £ 146 *
Nero C iv, £ 15
Lans 381, £ 8
17,868, £ 18*
21,114, £ 9 *
21,926, f. 16 *
28,784 A, £ 49 *
28,784 B, ff. 5,5*
Ar. 157, £ 4*
Calig. A vii, £ 10*
Harl 928, f. 7 *
2 B vi, £ 9
1 D x, £ 2 *

Ar. 83, f. 125
Eg. 1066, £ 62 *
24,681, £ 53
17,444, £ 119*
{Harl. 2891, £ 251 *
1 1,843, f- 3*
{17,864, £6
2i,973, f- 24*
30,084, £ 261
+ 29,7°4, £ 4
23,145, f:.I07
19 B xvii, £ 68
Harl. 4996, ff. 12, 42
(with O. T. type)
Harl. 3240, f. 13 *
(with O. T. type)
11,867, f- 45
i6,997, f- 72*
18,751, f. 90*
25,695, £ 106
27,697, f. 60 (mitred
high priest, and altar
with candlesticks)
27,698, £ 10*
.18,852, £ 50* (high
priest vested as arch
bishop) 30,038, £ 21*
16,968, £ 23
22,720, £ 86
Harl. 2952, £ 153
(giis-) Ar. 341, £ 61
19,738, £ 68 (gris.)
Harl. 3000, £ 71
Harl. 2884, £ 72*
Harl. 5781, £ 64*
25,885, f. 3
Harl. 2853, f. 84*
Harl. 2917, £ 59 *
Harl. 2998, f. 40*
Harl. 2846, £ 91
Harl. 2900, £ 86
18,192, £ 65
Harl. 2971, f. 68 *
Harl. 2999, f. 49
Harl. 2923, £ 74
24,075, f. 269*
Harl. 2933, f. 83 *

19,897, f- 219*
Harl. 5049, £ 48
14,803, £ 45 *
Harl. 2918, £ 67*
15,525, £ 29
20,859, f- 67
20,729, £ 37
Kings 9, £ 107 *
{25,693, £ 13
Slo. 2605, £ 39
Slo. 2418, f. 61
29,433, f- 7i*
Harl. 2921, f. 45 *
Harl. 2934, £ 61 *
(priest in Pope's tiara)
20,694, £ 59 *
2 B xv, ff. 42 *, 54
i5,525, f- 29
4836, ff. 2, 86
Harl. 2935, £ 67
Harl. 2865, £ 29*
Harl. 5762, £ 72
Harl. 5370, £ 96
Harl. 5328, £ 59
Slo. 2732 B, £ 45
19,962, £ 103*
Slo. 2916, £ 57*
Kings 8, £ 36 *
22,590, £ 116
15,265, £ 39*
17,493, f- 42*
{28,785, £ 78
Kings 6, £ 70
25,7io, £ 41*
15,813, ff- 3i, 224
15,711, £ 188 *
24,153, f- 96*
{18,852, £ 253*
{Eg. 2045, f- 100*
17,026, f. 123
17,280, f. 221*
i5,°77, f- 93
Harl. 2915, f. 35
18,213, f- 43
Harl. 7026, £ 17
Harl. 2950, £ 96 *
(altar clothwith crosses)
Eg. 1070, ff. 36*, 87
Eg. 1 147, £ 99

JE

167

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
Slo. 961, £ 53 *
Eg. 1068, £ 36
{18,854, £67
Harl. 2974, f. 70
{Slo. 2468, £ 67 *
Harl. 2989, f, 62 *
Burn. 352, £ 83
Slo. 2605, £ 39
Harl. 2969, £ 70 *
{11,865, £37*
16,998, £ 15
Harl. 2887, £ 26
{Harl. 2936, £ 44*
Eg. 2019, £ 85
Harl. 2955, £ 26 *
Harl. 2999, £ 49
{Harl. 2877, £ 59
21,909, £ 51
Harl. 2924, £ 84*
11,866, £ 51
{17,687, f. c
Kings 7, £ 40
28,962, £ 264
Flight into Egypt
Nero C iv, £ 14
17,868, f. 19
21,114, f. 37*
21,926, £ 16 *
Ar. 157, £ 5
Harl. 2930, £ 38
Lans. 420, £ 9, 9 *
1 D x, f. 7
17,444, f- 124*
{17,687, £8
22,279, f. 16
24,681, £ 57 *
Ar. 83, £ 125
Harl. 2979, £ 54
Harl. 3240, £ 14*
(with 0. T. type)
Harl. 4996, £ 13
(with O. T. type)
Kings 5, £ 3 (with
O.' T. type)
4836, £ 92
11,867, f. 48*

15,525, f- 32
15,077, £ 107*
i6,997, f- 77
17,280, £ 210 *
18,213, f. 49
i8,75i, f- 95
19,416, £ 67 *
27,697, £ 64*
+ 29,433, f- 76
30,059, £ 179*
Eg. 1070, £ 38 *
Eg. 1 147, f- io4
Eg. 2045, £ 106
Harl. 2915, £ 37
Harl. 2921, £ 56*
Harl. 2935, £ 72
Harl. 3571, ff. 27-31
Harl. 5328, f. 62 *
Harl. 5370, £ 104*
Harl. 5762, £ 77
2 B iii, £ 14 *
2 B xv, f. 45 *
Slo. 2732, £ 48
19,962, f. 108
Slo. 2916, f. 61 *
Kings 8, £ 42
22,590, £ 129
15,265, £ 44
17,943, f- 45
25,697, f- 30
{28,785, £ 84
28,784 A, £ 54*
28,784 B, £ 6 *
Slo. 961, £ 58
{Eg. 1068, £38*
{18,854, f. 71*
{Harl. 2974, £ 76
Slo. 2468, £ 72*
Harl. 2989, £ 66
Harl. 2980, f. 26
{Eg. 2019, £ 90
Harl. 2999, £ 52
{Harl. 2863, £56
Harl. 2877, £ 62 *
Harl. 2884, £ 94 *
Harl. 2876, £ 39*
Harl. 2853, £ 98*
Harl. 2917, £ 63
Harl. 2998, £ 44

Harl. 2846, f. 99
Harl. 2900, £ 90 *
{18,192, f. 70*
{Harl. 2971, £ 72 *
{Harl. 2999, £ 52
Harl. 2923, f. 78
24,075, f- 34
Harl. 2916, £ 63
Harl. 2933, £ 93 *
14,803, £ 48 *
Harl. 2918, £ 71
15,525, f- 32
20,859, £ 58
20,729, £ 38*
Kings 9, £ 114*
+ 25,693, f- H
{Slo. 2418, £ 66
Kings 6, £ 73 *
25,710, £ 44
15,813, £ 27 (series)
{18,852, £ 270*
Kings 7, £ 43
27,698, £ n
18,853, £ 54*
Harl. 7026, £ 7
21,909, f- 55
Harl. 2924, £ 90
11,866, £ 53*
16,968, £ 22
Harl. .2952, £ 156
(gris-) Eg. 359, f- 28
Ar. 341, £ 58
Slo. 2321, £ 63 *
19,738, £ 72 (gris.)
Harl. 3000, £ 77
Kings 5, f. 5 (fall of
the idols, O. T. types)
Miracle of the Corn
17,280, £ no*
20,694, £ 65
25,695, f- "4
Harl. 2934, £ 66 *
(pursued by horsemen)
Return from Egypt
Harl. 7026, f. 7

JE

168

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
Finding in the
Temple Nero C iv, £ 15
21,114, f ¦ 9 *
Lans. 420, £ 9 *
Harl. 4996, £ 42 *
15,265, f. 49*
i5,525, f- 33
17,280, £ 222 (very
young) {18,192, £ 76
18,751, f- 9°*
20,729, f. 40 *
24,153, f- 88*
125,693, £ 15
{25,885, f. 72
30,038, £ 119
Harl. 2876, f. 39 *
Harl. 2887, £ 26
2 B xv, £ 54
Baptism of
{Eg. 1 1 39, £ 3*
Harl. 1810, £ 95
Nero C iv, £ 16
17,868, £ 21
21,926, £ 17
Ar. 157, £ 5*
Cal. A vii, £12*
Lans. 420, £ 10
1 D x, f. 7 *
{17,687, £ 6
24,681, £ 90 *
30,072, f. 171 *
Harl. 2928, £ 16
Harl. 3240, f. 15 *
(O. T. types)
Harl. 3978, £ 26 *
(water from vase)
Harl. 4996, f. 14 (O.
T. type)
17 E vii, f. 398*
19 D v, £ 191
4836, ff. 65, 178*
11,865, f- 5i
15,265, £ 54*
15,525, f- 34

15,677, f- 29
17,280, f. 24 *
{18,852, £ 35*
20,729, £ 51 *
22,494, f- 33
{25,693, £ 17
25,697, f- 55
25,885, £ 104
{26,667, f- 4i b
27,967, £ 52*
28,962, £ 407 *
Eg. 2076, £ 1 *
Harl. 2441, f. 48
{Harl. 3999, ff. 6 b, 7
Kings 6, £ 86
1 E ix, £ 262 *
{16 G iii, £ 59 *
19 A xxii, £ 3
Eg. 940, f. 4
Ecce Agnus Dei "
26,667, f- 4i b
30,038, f. 11
{Harl. 2969, f. 136
Temptation in Wil
derness {Eg. 1 139, £ 4
Tib. C vi, £ 10 *
{Nero C iv, £ 18
18,144, £ 44*
21,114, £ 47
Ar. 157, ff. 5*, 6, 52
Harl. 2930, £ 47
Lans. 420, £ 10
2 B iii, f. 37
28,784 B, f. 7 *
Harl. 3240, £ 16 *
(O. T. type)
17 E vn, £ 399
^,525, f- 35
18,851, £ 71 (devil
as a monk)
20,729, £ 52 *
{25,693, £ 18 (devil
as a monk)
25,697, £ 66
27,697, f- 59*
Miracle of Cana
Nero C iv, £ 17

Ar. 157, £ 6 *
Lans. 420, £ 9 *
1 D x, £ 7 *
Ar. 83, £ 125 *
15,265, £ 63
i5,525, f- 36
20,729, £ 53*
+ 25,693, f- 19
27,697, f- 49
30,038, £ 120 *
1 E ix, £ 276
Woman of Samaria
15,525, f- 37
20,729, £ 55*
25,886, £ 2
Preaching at Na
zareth {25,886, £ 18
{16 G iii, £ 85
Expulsion from
Nazareth 16 G iii, £ 85
Healing at Beth-
esda 25,886, £ 78
16 G iii, £ 86
Call of the Apostles
25,885, £ 140
29,704, f- 9
Raising the Wi
dow's son
27,9i3, f- 48
Anointing by Saint
Mary Magdalene
See Mary Magda
lene, Saint
Healing the Syro-
phcenician's daugh
ter
{18,851, t. 77
25,886, £ 127*
Miracle of loaves
and fishes
25,886, £ 2
{16 G iii, £ 85

JE

l6g

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
Transfiguration {Eg. 1 139, £ 4*
Harl. 1810, £ 61
17,738, £ 4
Ar. 157, £ 7 *
1 D x, f. 3
29,902, £ 2
15,815, f. 50*
18,851, f. 427
{18,852, £39*
25,697, £ 82
+ 29,735, f- 144
Harl. 2876, £ 98 *
2 B xiii, £ 2 9 *
Woman taken in
adultery
I5,52S, f- 44
{18,851, £ 80
Harl. 2943, £ 127 *
16 G iii, f. 113
Walking on the sea
{25,886, £ 40*
29,704, f- 5
Ar. 157, f. 7 *
Healing the wo
man WITH THE ISSUE
25,885, f. 226*
Healing Jairus'
daughter 25,885, £ 226*
25,886, £ 2
On Lake of Galilee
Dom. A xvii, £ 121
25,697, £ 114*
Healing the sick
22,557, f- 17
Healing the lame
{16 G iii, £ 85
25,886, £ in
Healing the blind
21,114, f- 27*
25,886, £ in
Harl. 2930, £ 29

Healing demoniacs
{18,851, £ 81 *
25,885, f. 207 *
Raising the dead
Kings 9, £ 180 *
Harl. 2930, £ 67 *
Raising of Lazarus
{Eg. 1 139, £ 5
Harl. 1810, £ 239
Nero C iv, £ 19
28,784 A, £ 95
28,784 B, £ 8 *
Ar. 157, £ 8
Lans. 420, £ 10*
1 D x, £ 3
Ar. 83, £ 125*
Harl. 2928, £ 15
Harl. 2979, £ 87 *
Harl. 3978, £ 79 *
Kings 5, £ 8 (O. T
types) 4836, £ 125
15,265, £ 78*
15,525, f- 4°
15,528, £ 132 *
15,677, f- 154
15,682, £ 33*
17,012, £ 134*
{17,026, £ 22
17,280, £ 44
18,851, £ 481
18,852, £ 350*
18,853, f- 82 *
19,417, £ no*
19,738, f 128 (gris.)
20,729, £ 57 *
21,235, f- 9°*
22,590, £ 172
25,69325,7io, £ 57
25,885, £ 211 *
25,886, £ 219*
27,697, £ no *
{29,704, £ 6
30,038, £ 45
Ar. 318, £ 104*
Burn. 352, £ 348
{Eg. 1068, £ 56

Eg. 2125, £ 64*
Harl. 2876, £ 62
{Harl. 2924, £ 143
Harl. 2968, £ 89 *
Harl. 3000, £ in *
Harl. 3999, £ 25
2 B xv, £ 86 *
Slo. 2565, £ 100 *
Slo. 2633, £ in *
Threatened with
stones 18,851, £ 90
Preaching +25,693, f- 20
{25,886 Harl. 2441, f. 1 *
1 9 D ii, f. 447 *
20,859, f- 59
20,729, £ 54*
Seriesofthe Passion
18,851, ff. ioo*-io4
24,189, ff. 12, etc.
27,697, £ 210
Entry into Jeru
salem {Eg. ii39,£ 5*
Harl. 1810, £ 243
Tib. C vi, £ 11
Nero C iv, £ 19
17,868, £ 22*
24,686, £ 3 *
Ar. 157, £ 8*
Harl. 2930, £ 11 *
Lans. 420, £10*
1 D x, £ 3 *
2 B iii, f. 36 *
17,687, £ 3
28,784 B, £ 15
+ 29,902, £ 3
Ar. 83, £ 125 *
Harl. 3240, £ 18*
(O. T. types)
Harl. 3978, £ 35
Harl. 4382, £ 172 *
Harl. 4996, £ 17 (O.
T. types)
Kings 5, £9 (O. T.
types)

JE

170

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
4836, £ 63 *
15,216, f. 30
15,265, £ 79
15,525, f- 42
16,914
{18,851, £96
18,852, f. 42
20,729, £ 58 *
27,697, f- 39
Eg. 1068, f. 105
• Harl. 2967, f. 84*
Harl. 5319, f. 112
{16 G iii, £ 113
{19 B vi, £ 1
Cleansing Temple
Ar. 157, £ 6*
Kings 5, f. 7 (0. T
type) 15,525, f- 43
20,694, £ 15*
20,729, £ 59*
25,885, £ 130*
{16 G iii, £ 113
Last Supper (or
InstitutionofEucharist) Eg. 1 139, £ 6
Harl. 18 10, £ 83
17,738, £ 4
Nero C iv, £ 20
Eg. 809, £17 (de
mon coming out of
Judas' mouth)
17,868, £ 23
21,926, £ 18 *
21,686, £ 3 *
Ar. 157, £ 8* (Judas
receiving sop in mouth)
Lans. 420, f. 11
1 D x, £ 4
2i,973, f 37
28,784 B, £ 15
Ar. 83, £ 125*
Harl. 3240, £ 19 *
(devil entering into
Judas' mouth. O. T.
types)

Kings 5, £ 10 (O. T.
types) 15,216, £ 71*
15,265, £80*
15,525, f- 48 (all
standing, staves in
hands) 15,525, f- 5i
17,280, £ 96 * (11
disciples only)
17,466, £ 107 *
18,851, f. 100 (Judas
with wafer)
{18,852, £45
19,897, f. 181 *
20,729, £ 71 *
24,098, £ 2 *
24,153, f- 2*
+ 25,693, f- 23
25,697, f- Mi
27,913, f- i°9
2 7,934, f- 2*
29,704, £ 7
Eg. 1070, f. 113
Eg. 2125, £ 142*
Harl. 2865, £ 53
Harl. 4999, £ 18 (O.
T. types)
19 B vi, £ 20 *
Washing the Dis
ciples' feet
Eg. 1 139, £ 6*
Harl. 1810, £ 246
Tib. C vi, f. 11 *
(angel with towel)
Nero C iv, £ 20
24,686, f. 3 *
Ar. 157, £ 9
1 D x, f. 4
2 B iii, £ 64
Lans. 420, f. 11
{17,687, Lh
Harl. 4996, £ 41
15,265, £ 81
15,525, f- 5°
17,280, f. 96*
20,729, £ 72 *(apos
ties tonsured)
24,153, f- 12*

Eg. 1067, f. 207
19 B vi, £ 10
Going to Geth-
semane 15,525, f- 52
Agony in Geth-
semane Eg. 1 139, £ 7
21,114, f- 81
21,926, £ 17
24,686, £ 3 *
Ar. 157, £ 9
Harl. 2930, £ 80
17,087, £ i (ten dis.)
22,281, £ 83
24,681, £ 87
{28,784 A, ff. 3, 3*
Cleop. B xiv, £ 13
4836, £ 63 *
{14,803, £ n *
15,525, ff- 53, 55
+ 15,528, £ 241*
15,677, f- 13
15,813, f- i54*
16,998, £ 80 *
17,012, £ 44*
17,353
17,467, £ 28*
{18,852, f. 47
20,729, £ 73*
{24,098, £ 1 *
24,153, f- 15*
125,693, £ 24
25,887, £ 3
27,697, £ no *
Ar. 203, £ 13 *
Ar. 302, f. 20 *
Ar. 318, £ 34*
Eg. 1 147, £ 229
Eg. 2019, £ 126
Eg. 2125, £ 27*
Harl. 2846, £ 51
Harl. 2854, £ 60 *
Harl. 2884, £ 113*
Harl. 2887, £ 28 * ¦
Harl. 2915, £ 156*
Harl. 2919, £ 23
Harl. 2982, £ 16*

JE

171

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
Harl. 2985, £ 41 *
Harl. 3000, f. 44 *
Harl. 5319, £ 113*
Harl. 7359, £ 13
2 B xv, £ 1 6 *
19 B vi, £ 56
Slo. 2471, £ 45 *
Slo. 247,4, f- 33
Slo. 2571, f. 22 *
Slo.2692,f.33*(gris.) 15,525, f- 54
Finding His Dis
ciples asleep
27,698, £ 3
Going to meet Judas
15,525, f- 56
Betrayal, or kiss
of Judas
{Eg. 1139, £ 7*
Tib. C vi, £ 12
Nero C iv, £ 21
17,868, £ 24*
21,926, £ 18 *
24,686, £ 3 *
28,784 B, ff. 1, 1 *
Ar. 157, £ 9*
Harl. 928, £ 8
Lans. 420, £ 1 1 *
1 D x, £ 4 *
11,843, f- 3*
17,444, £ 14*
{17,687, £ 1
22,281, f. 83 *
24,681, £ 19 *
+ 29,407, f- 224
Ar. 83, £ 125*
Cleop. B xiv, £ 34
Harl. 3240, f. 20 *
(O. T. types)
Harl. 3978, f. 33
Harl. 4996, f. 20 (O.
T. types)
Harl. 4996, £ 41 *
Kings 5, £ 12 (0.
T. types)

24,i53, f- 8*
Harl. 7359, £ 18
{18,852, £ 50
{¦18,854, £ 18
{19 B vi, £ 59*
{23,145, f- 162
Harl. 2947, £ 30
Eg. 2019, £ 126
19,416, £ 76 *
{17,280, £ 113*
{28,962, £ 361 *
Harl. 29.15, £ 161
+ 17,012, f. 52*
24,098, £ 4 *
{Harl. 1892, ff. 1,6,13,
47 (peculiar effect)
2 B xv, ff. 31 *, 54
15,525, ff- 58, 59
17,467, f- 42 *
Harl. 7359, £ 18
Harl. 1662, f. 63 *
4836, f. 63 *
Slo. 2692,f.44*(gris.)
19,962, £ 91
15,265, f. 89*
17,466, £ 126
i7,943, f- 92
15,815, £ 15*
28,785, f. 21
16,968, £ 17
Harl. 2952, £ 22
(giis-) Harl. 2854, £ 16 *
Harl. 2982, £ 21
Ar. 302, £ 35
Slo. 2633, £ 43 *
Slo. 2474, £ 40 *
Slo. 2471, £ 52 *
Harl. 3000, £ 50 *
Harl. 2985, £ 48 *
Harl. 2884, £ 124*
Harl. 5781, £ 161
{25,88;, £ 3
Harl. 5319, £ 114*
Harl. 2846, £ 60 *
Harl. 2900, £ 47 *
15,267, £ 27*
17,353, f- 38
Ar. 318, £ 41 *

20,729, £ 74*
Harl. 1662, £ 63 *
+ 25,<393, f- 26
25,71°, f- 74
Eg. 1070, £ 118 *
Eg. 1 147, £ 229
Harl. 2950, £ 63
Slo. 2565, f. 37 *
Falling back of
soldiers 15,525, f- 57
20,729, £ 75 *
+ 25,693, f- 25
Harl. 4996, £ 19 (O.
T. types)
Healing Malchus'
ear 15,525, f- 59
Led captive to Je
rusalem i5,525, f- 61
20,859, f- 49 *
19 B vi, £ 74
Before Annas
Kings 5, £ 13 (O. T.
types) 15,525, £ 63
20,729, £ 77 *
Harl. 7359, £ 19*
{16 G iii, £ 141
19 B vi, £ 94*
Before Caiaphas
Harl. 4996, £ 41 *
Kings 5, £ 14 (O. T.
types) 15,265, f. 90*
15,525, f. 64
1 9,9! 7, f- 52
20,729, £ 79*
Hal"l- 7359, f- 21
19 B vi, £ 82*
15,525, f- H
25,887, £ 3
24,686 £ 4 (blind
folded and buffetted)
Ar. 157, £ 9*
1 D x, £ 4 *

JE

172

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
Ar. 83, f. 126
Harl. 3240, f. 22 *
(O. T. types)
Harl. 4996, ff. 21,23
(O. T. types)
i5,525, .ff- 62, 65
(Caiaphas in mitre)
27,213, f. 116*
Before Pilate
Tib. C vi, £ 12*
24,686, £ 3 *
28,784 A, £ 6
28,784 B, £ 9 *
{17,687, £ k
22,281, £ 85
+ 23,145, f- 164
Ar. 83, £ 126
Cleop. B xiv, £ 48
4836, £ 63*
15,265, £ 106 *
15,267, £ 39*
15,525, ff. 66,67, 76
15,677, £ 14*
16,968, £ 19
{17,012, £ 67 *
17,353, f- 48
18,852, ff. 52, 88
19,416, £ 78*
19,962, £ 92
20,729, ff. 76*, 93*,
97* 20,859, f- 5i
24,098, £ 6 *
24,153, f- 21*
+ 25,693, f- 28
25,887, £ 3
27,913, £ in
27,948, £ 21 *
Ar. 203, £ 23 *
Ar. 302, £ 39 *
Ar. 318, f. 53*
Eg. 2019, £ 12*
Harl. 12 1 1, £ 8*
{Harl. 1892, £ 18*
Harl. 2846, f. 77 *
Harl. 2854, £19* !

Harl. 2884, £ 130*
{Harl. 2900, £ 75 *
Harl. 2915, £ 163
Harl. 2950, £ 74
Harl. 2952, £ 23
(gris-) Harl. 2966, £ 27 *
Harl. 2980, £ 55
Harl. 2982, £ 29
Harl. 2985, f. 61 *
Harl. 3000, £ 60 *
Harl. 5781, £ 167
Harl. 7359, £ 23*
1 E ix, £ 282
2 B xv, ff. 35 *, 54
16 G iii, £ 141
i9Bvi,ff. io6*,ii3*
Slo. 2471, £ 64*
Slo. 2474, f. 54
Slo. 2571, £ 44 *
Slo. 2633, £ 56*
Slo. 2683, f. 41 *
Slo.2692,f.55*(gris.) i5,525, f- 7° (mes
senger from Pilate's
wife) . 15,525, f- 76 (Pilate's
wife present)
Pilate washing his
hands
15,525, f- 75
25,887, £ 3
Harl. 5319, £ 117
Slo. 2565, £ 49 *
Before Herod
24,686, f. 4
Ar. 83, £ 126
4836, £ 67
15,525, ff. 66, 68
i9,9i7, f- 55
20,729, £ 80*
+25,693, f- 29
Harl. 2497, £ 38
Tied to Pillar
23,774, f- 225
Scourging Nero C iv, £ 21
17,868, £ 25

21,926, f. 19
24,686, £ 4
28,784 B, ff. 9, 9*
Ar. 157, £ 10
1 D x, £ 8
2 B iii, £ 65
2 B vi, £ 9
11,843, f- 3*
{16,975, £ 18*
17,444, f- 16*
{17,687, £ /
22,281, £ 84
23,145, f- 166
Ar. 83, £ 126
Cleop. B xiv, £ 61
Harl. 3240, £ 23 *
(O. T. types)
Harl. 4996, £ 22 (0.
T. types)
19 C i, £ 119*
4836, £ 63 *
15,216, £ 28*
15,267, £ 45 *
15,525, f. 69
{17,012, £ 72 *
17,280, £ 113 *
17,353, f- 60
17,466, £ 132*
17,467, £ 64*
i7,943, f- 96
17,943, f- 141*
{18,852, £93
19,416, £ 80*
20,729, £ 94*
24,098, £ 6 *
24,153, £ 23*
+ 25,693, f- 3°
25,887, £ 3
27,948, £ 24* (un-
draped) Ar. 302, £ 42 *
Ar. 318, £ 57*
Eg. 1070, £ 129*
Eg. 2019, f. 12*
Harl. 121 1, £ 10 *
Harl. 1892, £ 1 *
{Harl. 1892, f. 66*
Harl. 2845, f- 82 *
(undraped)

JE

m

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
Harl. 2854, f. 20 *
Harl. 2884, £ 134*
Harl. 2915, f. 165
Harl. 2933, £ 37
Harl. 2947, £ 42
Harl. 2952, £ 23 *
(gris.) Harl. 2966, £ 30 *
Harl. 2980, £ 55
Harl. 2982, £ 32
Harl. 2989, f. 46*
Harl. 3000, £ 64 *
Harl. 5319, £ 115*
Harl. 5781, £ 171 *
Harl. 7359, £ 26
19 B vi, £ 112
Slo. 2474, £ 58
Slo. 2571, £ 48*
Slo. 2471, f. 68*
Slo. 2633, £ 60 *
Slo. 2683, £ 43*
Slo. 2692, £ 60 *
(gris.)
After Scourging
Ar. 203, £ 88
Crowned with
thorns 28,784 A, £ 6 *
{17,687, f«
22,281, £ 84*
Harl. 3240, £ 24*
(0. T. types)
Kings 5, £ 15 (O. T
types) 4836, £ 74
11,866, f. 66
15,216, £ 14
15,525, f- 72
17,280, £ 113 *
18,851, f. 374
24,098, £ 8*
Harl. 1892, £ 1 *
19 B vi, f. 115
Mocked by Soldiers
Ar. 83, £ 126

15,265, £ 102
15,525, ff-65, 72, 73
17,353, f- 65
17,943, f- 94
18,852, ff. 54, 81
i9,9i7, f- 57
20,729, ff 78*, 95*
20,859, f- 5°
22,720, f. 42 *
+ 25,693, ff 27, 31
25,887, £ 3
27,913, f- 122
28,962, £ 363*
Harl. 5319, £ 116 *
Harl. 7359, £ 28
" Ecce Homo "
15,525, f- 74
15,677, £ 16
15,813, f- 154*
17,026, f. 14
20,729, £ 96 *
20,859, f- S2
22,751, £ 32*
+ 25,693, f- 32
25,887, £ 3
Harl. 1892, £ 9
Harl. 2915, £ 122 *
Slo. 2418, £ 21 *
Bearing the cross
21,926, £ 19
24,686, f. 4
2 B iii, £ 78 *
n,843, f-3*
16,975, £ 19
17,444, f- 15*
Cleop. B xiv, f. 74*
Ar. 83, £ 126
Kings 5, f. 15 (O. T
types) Harl. 4996, £ 24 (O.
T. types)
Harl. 3240, £ 25*
(0. T. types)
18,751, £ 147
{17,012, f. 76*
Harl. 1892, £ 1 *
20,694, £ 42* (fallen
beneath)

2 B xv, ff. 38 *, 54,
54* 17,467, f- 7o*
4836, £ 80
2692, f. 65 * (gris.)
15,265, £ 109*
17,466, £ 136*
15,278, £ 133
17,943, f- 98
23,734, f- 225 (single
figure) 15,528, £ 242 (single
figure) 16,968, f. 20
22,720, £ 5
{Vesp. A xix, £ 1 *
Harl. 2952, £ 24 *
(gris-) Harl. 2854, £ 21 *
27,948, £ 27*
Ar. 203, £ 26
Harl. 2982, £ 33 *
Slo. 2633, £ 63 *
Slo. 2474, £61
Slo. 2571, £ 51*
Slo. 2471, £ 71 *
Harl. 3000, £ 67 *
Harl. 2884, £ 139*
Harl. 121 1, £ 12 *
{Harl. 2936, £ 61
28,145, f- 168
Harl. 2947, £ 45
Eg. 2019, f. 126
Harl. 2877, £ 44*
Kings 7,-f. 29
19,416, £ 81 *
{17,280, £ 114
Harl. 5319, £ 117*
Harl. 2846, £ 86 *
{Harl. 2900, £ 85
Harl. 2966, ff. 19 *,
33* 15,267, £ 5°*
17,353, f- 68
i9,9!7, f- 59
Ar. 318, f. 60*
15,525, ff- 77, 79
20,859, ff- 52 *, 60
20,729, £ 98*

JE

174

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
+ 25,693, f- 33
15,813, f- i54*
24,153, f- 88*
Harl. 7359, f. 32
18,852, ff. 54, 100
Harl. 2980, £ 55
19 B vi, £ 131
Harl. 2887, £ 56
Slo. 2683, f. 45 *
Harl. 2915, £ 167 *
15,216, ff. 37*, 68*
Slo. 2565, £ 55*
Eg. 1070, £ 124*
Harl. 2950, £ 84
Harl. 2974, £ 13
(owners of book kneel
ing ; Saint Anthony
behind) Meeting Saint Ve
ronica 15,525, f- 78
24098, £ 8 *
25,887, £ 3
Taking leave of
His mother
15,525, f- 46
Praying before
crucifixion 15,525, f- 80
Offering of wine
and myrrh
15,216, £ 48 *
Stripped of His
garments Lans. 420, £ 11 *
15,216, £ 24*
18,852, £ 57 *
20,729, £ 100 *
Harl. 2854, £ 42 *
Nailed to cross
Harl. 3240, £ 26 *
(0. T. types)
15,216, f. 100*
15,525, £ 81

20,729, £ 101 *
24,098, £ 10* (rope
round wrist)
24,153, £ 28*
{25,693, f- 34
25,887, f. 3
{28,962, £ 367*
Ar. 302, £ 45
Eg. 2019, £ 126
Harl. 2950, £ 93 *
Harl. 5319, £ 118*
Harl. 7359, £ 37
2 B xv, £41 *
19 B vi, f. 133
Slo. 2633, f. 68*(one
hand not nailed)
Raising of the cross
i5,525, f- 83
20,729, £ 102 *
24,153, f- 4o*
24,189, £ 11 *
{25,693, £ 35
Ar. 203, £ 27 *
Harl. 2919, £ 90
Parting of- the
garments 24,098, £ 10*
19 C i, f. 175*
Eg. 2045, f. 172 *
Crucifixion Harl. 18 10, £ 204
(feet apart, with Saints
Mary and John)
{Eg. 1139, f. 8 (sol
diers, piercing of side)
Ar. 60, ff. 1 2 * (feet
apart); 52 * (single
figure) Eg. 608, £ 88 (feet
apart, chalice receiving
blood, figure clothed in
purple) Tib. C vi, ff. 13, 22
(feet apart, piercing of
side, two soldiers)
Tit. D xxvii, £ 65 *
(feet apart, above sun
and moon personified)

Harl. 2821, £ 101
(figure clothed in pur
ple, sun and moon per
sonified above, feet
apart) Harl. 4951, f. 208*
Harl. 2904, £ 3 *
17,738, f. 187 (feet
apart, piercing of side,
offering' of vinegar,
David and Saint Paul
above, below a priest
offering sacrifice)
3°,337(feetseparate)
Nero C iv (piercing of
the side, thieves' .legs
beingbroken,feet apart)
Harl. 3045, ff. 6*,49*
(feet separate)
{Lans. 381, f. 10 *
(feet separate, sun and
moon personified, with
Saints Mary and John)
16,949, £ 58 * (feet
apart, angels censing)
{17,742, £ 181*
17,868, f. 26* (feet
crossed) 18,144, f- 14*
21,926, £ 20 *
24,683, £ 12 *
24,686, f. 4
28,784 A, ff. 7*, 8
(piercing side)
28,784 B, ff. 11 (sol
diers and women), 11*
Faust. Bvii,ff. 43,51*
Harl. 2930, £ 12 *
1 D x, £ 8 * (piercing
side) 2 B vi, f. 9 * (with
feet apart)
13 B viii, £ 23 *
11,843, f- 3*
16,905, £ 132 *
i6,975, f- 19*
{17,006, £ 130 *
1 7,046, £ 1 *
17,444, f. 18*

JE

175

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued)
+21,973, f- 69
22,280, £ 10
22,281, £-85 *
23,145, f- 170
29,902, f- 1
Ar. 83, £ 133
{ Ar. 104, £ 348 (pierc
ing side)
Cleop. B xiv, £ 91
(soldiers, figure un-
draped) Nero D ii, £ 31
{Harl. 2891, £ 144*
Harl. 2970, £ 83 *
(angels receiving the
blood) Harl. 3240, £ 27 *
(0. T. types)
Harl. 3571, f. 68*
(thieves tied to cross)
Harl. 4996, ff. 25, 43
(0. T. Types)
Harl. 4996, £ 26 (O.
T. types)
Kings s, f. 17(0. T.
types) 19 B xvii, £ 94
19 C i, £ 119*
Slo. 2474, £ 63 *
Slo. 2571, f. 54*
(priests, women, etc.)
Slo. 2726, £ 7
Slo. 2471, £ 74*
(soldiers) Sl0.232I,ff.I05*III* Harl. 3000, £ 70*
(soldiers, priests)
Harl. 2884, £ 143 *
Harl. 2876, £ 13.
Harl. 121 1, £ 14*
Harl. 2858, £ 14*
(priests) Harl. 5781, £ 180
(priests) {25,887, £ 3 (women,
soldiers, thieves)

Harl. 2853, f. 16 *
Harl. 5319, £ 119
{Harl. 2917, £ in
Harl. 2998, £ 55 *
Harl. 2846, £ 90 *
(undraped, soldiers)
{Harl. 2940, £ no
Harl. 2900, £ 89 *
(soldiers, and women)
18,192, £ 162 *
(priests, piercing side)
Harl. 2971, £ 101 *
(soldiers, etc.)
Slo. 2803, £ 102
Harl. 1892, ff. 1*
(women, and others) ;
115 (with thieves, and
others) Harl. 2921, £ 69 *
20,694, f. 42 * (sol
diers, women)
{18,851, £ 106* (sol
diers, women, etc.)
2 B xv, ff. 41 * (wo
men, soldiers); 44*, 54
Longinus piercing side,
women, soldiers) ; 60
(single figure) ; 60 *
(feet being nailed)
i5>525, ff-84(thieves,
people) ; 85 (women) ;
87 (piercing of side) ;
86 (giving drink) .
Harl. 1262, f. 6 *
Harl. 1 25 1, £ 23
(centurion) Harl. 2915 (with
worshipper, thieves,
women, and soldiers)
15,216, ff. 34 ^(wo
men and soldiers) ;
45 (single figure, with
chalice) ; 109
Slo. 2565, ff. 58*
(soldiers and women) ;
81 * (thieves)
Ar. 175, £ 10* (feet
apart) Harl. 2947, £ 48

Harl. 2999, £ 62
(soldiers) {Harl. 2863, f. 65
(thieves, soldiers, and
women ; piercing of
side) Eg. 2019, £ 126 (sol
diers and thieves)
Harl. 2867, £ 98
21,909, £ 79 (sol
diers) {Harl. 2924, ff. 24*,
65 * (women and sol
diers) 11,866, £ 71
{28,962, £ 368 *
(thieves and people)
27,698, £ 1 *
28,681, £ 6
16,968, ff. 21 (with
thieves and receiving
vinegar); 22 (piercing
of side)2 A viii, £ 63 *
22,720, £ 15 *
Vesp. A xix, £ 28
(priests, soldiers, and
thieves) Harl. 2952,ff.25(wo-
men and priests) ; 27 *,
49 (gns.)
Harl. 2854, £ 22 *
27,948, f. 30* (un
draped) Harl. 1262, £ 6 *
Ar. 203, £ 29
Ar. 341, £ 79 (two
worshippers,undraped) Harl. 2982, £ 35 *
Eg. 2045, £ 172*
(thieves, soldiers, and
women) i7,o26,£ 43 (women,
soldiers) 19,416, f. 82 * (wo
men, soldiers)
17,280, ff. 114 (sol
diers, etc.), 122
i7,oi2,ff. 6o*(single

JE

I76

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
figure); 79 * (with sol
diers) {24,098, £ 12 *
15,677, £18 (women
and soldiers)
Harl. 2887, £ 26
{19 A xxii, f. 6 (wo
men, soldiers)
4836, £ 86 (soldiers)
Harl. 5762, f. 104
(soldiers, piercing side)
Harl. 5370, f. 64
Harl. 5328, £ 71
Slo. 2692, £ 70* (sol
diers, gris.)
Slo. 2732 B, f. 31 *
(piercing of side, sol
diers) 19,962, £ 144 (pier
cing of side, soldiers)
Slo. 29i6,£ 20 *(sol
diers) Kings 8, £ 57*
22,590, £ 36*
15,265, f. 112 * (sol
diers, angels)
17,466, f. 140 *
(thieves and women)
17,943, f- 99*
Harl. 2928, £ 17
19,417, £ 248*
22,568, f. 105 *
15,528, f. 282 *
25,697, f- 254* (sol
diers) 29,706, £ 108
28,785, £ 55 * (wo
men, soldiers)
Harl. 2966, £ 35*
Harl. 2943, £ 68 *
(women, soldiers)
Harl. 2999,£62(sol
diers) 15,267, ff- 55*, 77*
(thieves, soldiers, and
priest)

Harl. 2975, £ 73 *
{Ar. 108, £ 106 *
i9,9i7, f- 61
Harl. 2923, f . 7 *
Ar. 318, ff. 63 *, 84
Harl. 2916, £ 80
Harl. 2933, £ i4(sol
diers, priests)
Harl. 5049, £ 66
14,803, f. 58(women)
15,814, £ 143*
Harl. 2922^. 75 (sol
diers) 19,417, f. 248*
{18,193, £ 135 *
(thieves and saints)
i5,702,£i66(thieves) Harl. 2941, £ 65 *
i5,525,ff-84(thieves:
soldiers); 85-87 (series)
20,859, ff. 53*, 60*
67 * (women, soldiers)
20,729, ff. III*-II2*
(piercing of side)
Harl. 6561, £ 3*
Harl. 1662, £ 117 *
Kings 9,£ 15*
Harl. 2968, £ 27*
{25,693, ff- 36-43
(series ; women, sol
diers, priests)
Slo. 2605, £ 70
{Slo. 2418, £ 42
.25,710, £ 54* (sol
diers, thieves, and wo
men) {15,813, £ 154*
15,711, £ no*
22,75!, f- 9 (feet
apart) Harl. 2835, £ 8
(brazen serpent)
24,153, ff 46*, 53*
(soldiers, priests, wo
men) Harl. 7359, £ 41 *
(women, soldiers)
{18,852, ff. 58 (sol
diers, thieves) ; 68*,io7

Slo. 961, £35* (sol
diers) {18,854, £ 49 (Saints
Mary, John, and Mary
Magdalene) Harl. 2974, £ 103
(soldiers) Slo. 2468, f. 227*
Harl. 2989, f. 46*
(soldiers, women, de
mon, and angel re
ceiving souls of thieves)
Harl. 2972, £ in
Harl. 2980, £ 5s(wo-
men, soldiers)
Burn. 352, £ 233
(women, soldiers)
{Harl. 2948, £ 112
Slo. 2605, £ 70 (wo
men, soldiers)
Harl. 2969, £ 13 *
(soldiers, priests)
Slo. 2419, f. 66 (wo
men, soldiers)
19 Bvi, ff. 139* (sol
diers, women) ; 144 b
(with B. V. M. fainting) ;
149-165*, 172 *
{Eg. 940, £ 10 (sol
diers, women)
16,998, ff. 34, 73*
(thieves and people),
79 (single figure)
11,867, £ 66
i6,997, f- i53* -
17,467, f- 76 *
18,751, f- 147
25,695, f- 121
2 7,697,£83*(thieves)
29,897, f- 48 *
30,014, f. 70*
30,059, £ 122
Ar. 302, ff. 48, 159*
Eg. 940, £ 10 (sol
dier priests)
Eg. 1070, £ 72 *
(with Saints Mary and
John only)

JE

177

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued.)
Eg. 1070, £ 116 (an
gels holding chahces)
Eg. 1070, £ 134*
(piercing of side)
Harl. 1662, £ 117*
Harl. 2950, f. 103
{Harl. 3461, £ 49 (a
good drawing)
Harl. 7359, £ 41 *
(women and soldiers)
14 E iii, f. 7
17 C xxxviii, £ 59*
Descent from the
Cross {Eg. 1 139, £8*
Harl. 1810, £ 205*
Nero C iv, £ 22
Harl. 301 1, £ 35*
24,686, £ 4 *
28,784 A, £ 8*
28,784 B, ff.12, 12 *
Ar. 157, £ 10*
1 D x, £ 8*
11,843, f- 3*'
{16,975, £ 20
22,281, £ 86
23,145, f- 172
Ar. 83, £ 133*
Cleop. B xiv, £ 106*
Harl. 3240, £ 29 *
(0. T. types)
4836, £ 92
11,865, £ n *
15,216, £ 12 *
15,265, £ 115*
15,267, £ 60 *
15,525, f- 88
16,968, £ 22 *
{17,012, £ 84 *
17,353, f- 32 *
17,353, f- 75
17,467, £ 83 *
18,197, £ k
18,852, ff. 60, 127
{18,852, £ 115
19,416, f. 83 *

+ 19,417, f- i94*
19,917, £ 62*
20,729, £ 114*
20,859, £ 54 *
24,098, £ 14*
24,153, ff- 62*, 90*
+ 25,693, f- 44
25,887, £ 3
2 7,948, £ 33*
{28,785, f. 26
{28,962, £370*
3°,o59, f- i°5 *
Ar. 203, £ 30 *
Vesp. A xix, £ 103 *
{Eg. 2019, £ 20*
{Eg. 2125, £ 154*
Harl. 12 1 1, £ 16*
Harl. 2846, £ 94*
Harl. 2854, £ 23 *
Harl. 2884, £ 148 *
{Harl. 2900, £ 96 *
Harl. 2915, £ 171 *
Harl. 2919, £ 41
Harl. 2947, £ 57
Harl. 2950, £ 116*
{Harl.2952,f.26(gris.) Harl. 2966, £ 37 *
Harl. 2982, £ 37 *
Harl. 2985, £ 71 *
Harl. 2989, £ 16 *
Harl. 3000, f. 73 *
Harl. 5319, £ 119 *
Harl. 5781, f. 184*
2 B xv, £ 4-9
Slo. 2418, £ 19 *
Slo. 2471, £ 77 *
Slo. 2474, £ 66
Slo. 2565, £ 61 *
Slo. 2605, £ 14
Slo. 2683, £ 47 *
Slo. 2692, £ 75*
Slo. 2803, £ 192 *
Entombment Eg. 1 1 39, £ 9
Harl. 1810, f. 205*
Nero C iv, £ 23
21,926, £ 21
24,686, £ 4 *

28,784 A, £ 9*
Ar. 203, £ 31 *
Ar. 302, £56
Ar. 318, £ 66*
11,843, f- 3*
17,444, f- 17*
{17,687, £ n
22,281, £ 86*
{23,145, f- i74
Ar. 83, f. 133 *
Cleop. B xiv, £ 123
Harl. 3240, £ 30*
(0. T. types)
Harl. 4996, £ 27 (0.
T. types)
Harl. 4996, £ 43 *
Kings 5, f. i9(0. T
types) 4836, £ 100 *
15,265, £ 119
15,267, £ 69*
i5,525, f- 9°
15,677, £ 21
) 6,968, £ 24
{17,012, £ 81 *
17,280, £ 114
17,467, f- 94*
17,466, £ 145*
17,943, f- i°4
18,197, £ 1
{18,852, ff. 62, 121
19,416, £ 84 *
19,917, £ 68
19,962, £ 93
20,729, £ 115 *
20,859, ff. 55*, 62*
24,098, £ 16 *
24,189, £ 13*
{25,693, f- 45
25,887, £ 3
27,913, f- 129
27,948, £ 35 *
28,962, £ 373 *
Vesp. A xix, £ 103 *
Eg. 2045, f. 233 *
Harl. 1211, £ 18*
Harl. 1892, £ 1 *
Harl. 2846, £ 98 *
Harl. 2854, £ 24
• X3

JE

178

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued)
{Harl. 2900, £ 102
(wrapped in linen and
spices) Harl. 2915, £ 173*
Harl. 2947, £ 56
Harl. 2950, £ 128
Harl. 2982, £ 40'*
Harl. 2985, f. 74*
Harl. 3000, £ 76 *
Harl. 5319, £ 121
2 B xv, £ 52
19 B vi, £ 177 *
Slo. 2471, f. 80*
Slo. 2474, £ 68 *
Slo. 2683, £ 50*
Slo. 2692, £ 83 *
(gris-)
Women returning
from entombment
i5,525, f- 92
Soldiers watching
the tomb
18,851, £ 108*
25,887, £ 3
Harrowing of hell
{Eg. 1 139, f- 96
Tib. C vi, £ 14
3o,337 Nero C iv, £24
21,926, £ 20 *
24,686, f. 4 *
28,7848, ff. 14, 14*
Ar. 957, £ 11
1 D x, £ 5
2 B iii, £ 126
16,975, £ 21*
24,681, £ 93
Ar. 83, £ 133*
Harl. 3240, £ 31 *
(O. T. types)
Harl. 4996, f 31 (O.
T types)
Kings 5, £ 2i(O.T
types)

15,265, £ 116
15,525, f. 91
20,729, £ 116 *
22,720, £ 86 *
+ 25,693, f- 46
25,887, £ 3
27,697, ff. 83*, 210
{29,735, f- 76
29,887, £ 134*
{Harl. 1892, ff. 109,
116 Harl. 2876, £ 78*
{Harl. 3999, £ 13 *
{19 A xxii, £ 14*
19 B vi, £ 184
Eg. 940, £ 20
{Harl. 1810, £ 206*
(with resurrection)
Resurrection 21,926, £ 22 *
24,683, f. 13 *
24,686, £ 4 *
28,784 B, £ 13 *
Harl. 2930, £ 13 *
2 B iii, £ 95
11,843, f- 3*
{17,687, £ 6
2i,973, f- 78
22,280, £ 10 *
Ar. 83, £ 134
Harl. 2891, £ 153
Harl. 2979, £ 94*
Harl.' 3240, £ 35*
(0. T. types)
Harl. 4382, £ 199
Harl. 4996, £ 32 (0.
T. types)
Kings 5, £ 20 (O. T.
types) 19 B xvii, £ 99
15,216, £ 16
22,494, £ 29
27,697, £ 71*
+ 29,735, f- 76
{26,014, £ 80 *
{30,038, £ 243
{Harl. 3999, £ 15*
22,720, £ 32 *

{Harl. 2952, f. 26*
(gris.) Harl. 2856, £ 155
Tib. B iii, £ 144
25,887, £ 184*
Harl. 2943, £ 69
Ar. 108, £ 10 *
17,353, f- 81
{16 G iii, f. 168*
19,897, £ 155
25,697, f- 112*
27,913, £ 141
15,682, £ 66*
20,729, £ 128 *
2 B xii, £ 9
15,813, f- 159
Harl. 1892, £ 16
{18,851, £ 211
2 Bxv, £ 15*, 53*
1 5,5 25, f- 94
4836, £ 65
19,962, £ 94
15,265, £ 123*
25,697, £ 112 *
15,815, f. 17*
28,962, £ 339*
{Harl. 7026, £ 9*
Eg. 2125, £ 170 *'
28,271, £ 34*
Harl. 928, £ 9
11,865, £ n *
19 B vi, £ 183
Eg. 940, £ 22
2 B xiii, £ 14 *
16,998, f. 19 *
Harl. 2887, £ 55 *
{19 A xxii, £ 16
16 G iii, £ 168*
Eg. 940, £22
Eg. 1070, £ 90
Appearing to His
mother after the
Resurrection 25,693, f- 47
Harl. 2835, f- 9°*
Harl. 2887, £ 28 *
2 B xv, ff. 15 *, 53 *
16 G iii, f. 168*

JE

179

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued)
Women at the Tomb
Harl. 2908. £ 53 *
15,525, f. 92
{Eg. 1 139, f. 10
{Tib. C vi, £ 13 *
17,738, £ 179*
Nero C iv, f. 23
Eg. 809, £ 27 *
Lans. 381, f. 11
Lans. 383, £ 13
17,868, £ 27
21,926, £ 21
Ar. 157, £ 11
Harl. 2930, £ 12 *
{ 1 D x, f. 5 * (curious
colouring) >
2 B iii, £ 109 *
2 B vi, £ 9 *
{16,975, f. 20*
{28,784 A, £ 120
30,072, £ 10
Ar. 83, f. 134
Slo. 2449, £ 167 *
Harl. 2897, £ 159
Kings 5, £ 22(0. T
types) 15,525, f- 95
{20,729, £ 129 *
22,720, £ 20 *
24,098, £ 16 *
29,704, £ 8
Ar. 108, £ 10 *
{Eg. 2019, f. 223
Eg. 2125, £ 171
Appearing to the
three women
17,738, £ 179*
Appearing to Saint
Mary Magdalene
3°,337
Nero C iv, f. 24
24,686, £ 4 *
28,784 B, f. 16
Ar. 157, f. n*
2 B iii, £ no

i6,975, f- 21
17,444, £ 19*
24,681, £ 100
Ar. 83, £ 134
Kings 5, f. 23 (O. T.
types) 4836, £ 65
11,865, £ n *
15,216, £63*
15,525, f- 97
{15,682, £ 78
15,686, £ 33
15,702, £ 254*
16,998, £ 78
20,729, £ 130 *
22,720, £ 57*
27,697, £ 210
29,433, f- 214
29,902, £ 5
Ar. 108, £ 10 *
Eg 2125, f. 171
Harl. 2919, £ 17
2 B xv, £ 53 *
Meeting Disciples
19,417, £ no *
Appearing to Saint
Peter Nero C iv, £25
15,525, f- 98
Journey to Emmaus
Nero C iv, £ 25
{Harl. 2897, £ 156
i5,525, f- 99
25,697, f- "3*
29,735, f-76*
16 G hi, £ 86
Supper at Emmaus
Nero C iv, f. 26
21,926, f. 22 *
Ar. 157, f. 11 *
1 D x, £ 5 *
Ar. 83, £ 134
20,729, £ 131 *
Harl. 7026, £ 9
Second appearance
to Disciples
Harl. 5102, £ 129

Harl. 2897, £ 164*
i5,525, f- 100
17,280, £ 68
20,729, ff. 132*, 133*
(Apostles tonsured)
{25,693, £ 48
25,887, £ 236
Confession of
Saint Thomas
+ Eg 1139, f- 10*
Harl. 1810, £ 262
Tib. C vi, £ 14 *
Nero C iv, £ 26
21,114, f- 114 *
21,926, £ 23
Ar. 157, £ 12
Harl. 2930, £ 115
1 D x, £ 5 *
2 B iii, £ 125 *
24,681, £ 97
Kings 5, f. 25(0. T.
types) i5,525, f- 102
22,720, £ 60
27,697, £ 88*
Kings 5, £ 2 4 (taking
the broiled fish, O. T.
types) Appearing at the
sea of Tiberias
{Harl. 2897, £ 158*
Giving keys to
Saint Peter
{Eg. 809, £ 41
Eg. 1070, £ 88
Ascension +Eg. 1 139, f- 11
Harl. 1810, £ 135 *
Cal. A xiv, £ 18
Tib. C vi, £ 15
Eg. 608, £ 134
{Harl. 2821, £ 152
{Harl. 2908, £ 65
+17,738, £199 (types)
Nero C iv, £ 27
{Eg. 809, £ 33 *
Lans. 383, £ 13*
13*

JE

180

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued)
17,868, f. 28*
Ar. 157, f. 12
2 B vi, £ 10
1 D x, f. 6
2 B iii, £ 64 *
11,843, £ 444
{16,975, £ 22
2i,973, f- 80
28,681, £ 5 *
{Harl. 2897, £ 18?
Harl. 3240, £ 36 *
(O. T. types) ,
Harl. 4996, £ 33 (O
T. types)
Kings 5, £ 26 (O. T.
types) {Ar. 83, f. 134*
19 B xvii, £ 132 *
Harl. 2855, f. 170*
25,887, £ 242 *
19,897, £ 167 *
25,697, f- 128
i5,525, f- i°i
20,729, £ 134*
{25,693, f. 49
15,813, f- 171*

[29,735

f. 86

{30,014, £ 88 *
27,697, £ 210
Eg. 940, £ 28 *
Eg. 1070, £ 92 *
Harl. 3999, £ 18 *
{18,851, £ 228
2 Bxv, ff. 15*, 53*
15,525, f- i°i
4836, £ 65
15,265, £ 127*
25,697, f. 128
15,815, £ 20
28,784 B, £ 15
Eg. 940, £ 28 *
2 B xiii, £ 1 7 *
16,998, £ 22
Harl.2887,ff.28*,55*
{ 1 9 A xxii, £21
29,704, £ 9

17,687, £
{17,864, £6
28,962, £ 340*
28,271, f. 39*
22,494, f- 34
{30,014, £ 91
At His mother's
death-bed Harl. 1810, £ 174
20 D vi, £ 184
Communion of
Saint Denis
Eg. 1070, f. 90*
Disguised as a
pedlar with seven
caskets (a series)
{25,089, ff. 79^90
See also Trinity.
Mary, Saint, the
Blessed Virgin. Peter,
Saint. Bibles, illus
trated, etc.

IL MYSTICAL.
Figure or face
Cleop. C xi, £ 2 *
19,587, f 62
2 A xxii, £ 221 *
17,467, £ 226 *
16,998, £ 88
15,265, £ 22
Harl. 5790, £ 88
{Slo. 2471, f. 13*
17,280, £ 169
Harl. 2854, £ 117 *
i5,456, £ 2 (with
sword in mouth, in
judgment) See Apocalypse.
In glory or blessing
{Eg. 1 139, f. 13*
10,546, £ 332 *
Gal. A xviii, ff. 2 *,
21 (with saints)

{Vesp. A viii, £ 2 *
Tib. C vi, £ 18 *
(holding cornucopia)
Tib. C vi, £ 125*
Harl. 76, £ 6
{Harl. 603, £ 69*
Harl. 2821, £ 1 *
Eg. 608, £ 1 *
{ Cal. A xv, £ 1 2 3 (with
cross-shaped nimbus,
in a vesica, between
two archangels with
standards, and two
cherubs. Fine Saxon
style) 11,695, £ 7*
i7,739
Lans. 383, ff. 14*, 15*
Nero C iv, ff. 28, 35
i6,949, f- 59
14,813
17,742, £ 177
18,144, £ 15
24,683, £ 8
Ar. 157, f. 12*
{Vesp. A i, £ 1
Harl. 4972, ff. 8, 9
{1 D x, £ 6*
{2 A xxii, f. 14
2 A iii, £ 136 '*
16,905, f- 133
+ 15,975, f- 24
{17,006, ff. 74*, 131
18,683 i7,333, ff- 3*, 38
2i,973, f- 11
23,145, f- 138
24,642, £ 3
24,681, £ 95 *
{28,68.1, ff. 8, 9, 100
Ar. 83, £ 131
{Harl. 2891, £ 145
Harl. 2928, £ 14*
Harl. 2979, £ 130
Harl. 4664, £ 163
Harl, 4940, £ 12 *
{6 E ix, £4*
Kings 5, £ 29 (O. T
types)

JE

181

JE

Jesus Christ,
(continued)
6 E ix, £ 9 (serpent
twisted round banner)
15 Dii, ff. 1 17 *( with
24 elders); 1 22 (saints);
124 (virgins); 126
(lamb and saints)
19 B xv, £ 6
i9Ci,£i5(withorb)19 D ii, £ 1
11,866, £ 1
15,267, £ 109* (in
enclosure) 15,114, £ 184
15,525, £6*
17,012, f. 13*
18,851, £ i86(angels
and saints)
{18,852, £65*
19,897, f- 139
20,694, f. 84, (Pope
and kings
22,590, £ 228
25,697, £ 8
29,704, £ 6
.30,014, ff. 13 *, 45
145 Ar. 316, £ 15 *
Ar. 318, £ 7*
Eg. 1 147, f- 12
Harl., 1662, £ 89*
Harl. 1662, £ 88*
Harl. 2799, £ 40
Harl. 2855, £ 96'
Harl. 2886, £ 51*
(in medallion, between
two angels in medal
lions) Harl. 2887, ff. 3*,
1 2 *, 68
Harl. 2919, £ 19
Harl. 2943, £ 50
Harl. 2952, ff. 35,
39 (gris.)
Harl. 3000, £ 14*
Harl. 5790, ff. 4, 233
2 B xiii, £ 30

2 B xv, ff. 58*, 59
(with orb)
Slo. 2418, £ 130
Slo. 2471, f. 18*
(standing in a church)
Slo 2571, f. 8 *
(standing in a church)
Slo. 2474, £ 13 (with
books)
Trampling on the
lion and adder
Tib. C vi, f. 114*
Crowned and
throned, treading
on the " young lion
and dragon "
Jul. D vii, £ 60 *
Trampling on the
Devil
Harl. 4996, f. 29 (O.
T. types)
Pleading by His
wounds to the
Father
Harl. 4996, f. 38 (O
T. types)
Dom. A xvii, £ 205
WeddingtheChurch
17 E vii, f. 278 *
19 D ii, £ 288
The Good Shepherd
15,686, £ 30*
Bearing the world
on His shoulders
25,697, £ 121*
Consecrating
church Harl. 2897, f. 449*
eucharistic " ecce
Homo "
Harl. 4382, £ 182 *
{6 E vi, f. 15
15,281, £ 73
{i7,oi2,f£ 107, 172*

19,417. £ 249
20,729, £ 82 *
22,568, £ 106
22,590, £ 231
24,153, ff- 143*, 205
2 7,934, f- 2 *
28,271, £ 161
29,433, f- i°7 *
+39,735, f- 93 *
29,887, £ 49
30,014, £ 104*
Ar. 108, £ 107
Ar. 302, f. 129 *
Ar. 341, £ 83 (un-
draped figure)
Ar. 341, £ 138
Burn. 352, £ 268
Dom. A xvii, £ 96
Eg. 2125, £ 146*
Harl. 1892, £ 47
Harl. 2854, £ 121 *
Harl. 2887, £ 59
(dead) Harl. 2924, £ 34*
Harl. 2955, £ 123
Harl. 2966, f. 84*
Harl. 2982, £ 53, 93
Harl. 2985, £ 140*
Harl. 3000, £ 138 *
Harl. 3216, £ 179 *
(rising from water)
Harl. 5049, £ in
Kings 9, ff. 1 2 9*, 2 64*
2 A viii, £ 55 *
Slo. 2321, f. 113 *
Slo. 2468, £ 188
Slo. 2471, £ 160*
Slo. 2474, £ 130
Slo. 2565, £ 132 *
Slo. 2633, £ 144 *
Slo. 2683, £ 65 *
Slo. 2692, £ 14* (gris.)
Slq. 2916, £ 135
Infant seated on
ALTAR 18,852, £ 323
IN WINEPRESS
20,729, £ 138*

JE

l82

JO

Jesus Christ,
(continued)
Descending to a
chalice (symbolical of
the Holy Eucharist)
15,817, £ 1*
In a chalice, up
held by angels (sym
bolical of doctrine of
Eucharist) 17,047, £ 1 *

Instruments of
Passion 11,866, £ 157
Ar. 318, ff. 82-84
Eg. 1070, £ 103
Harl. 2985, ff. 90,91*
Harl.3ooo,ff.93*,94*
Slo. 2471, ff. 101-113
Slo. 2633, £ 88
15,269, £ 106 *
(crown)

Harl. 2950, f. 33
Harl. 2863
Harl. 4996, £ 35
Kings 9, £ 41
Five wounds
{15,525 17,012, ff. 108-110
Slo. 2565, ff. 79, 80
Harl. 2999, f. 61 *
(heraldic arms)

Jews
6 E vii, ff. 200, 341 (with
caricatured noses)
Burial ceremonies of the
17,280, £ 43*
High priest receiving offerings
17,280, £ 97
Table explanatory of tribes, etc.
Faust. B vii, ff. 41, etc.

Jewellery 12,531
15,677, ff- 37, io7'
18,852
Eg. 2125, £ 142 *
Precious stones
Harl. 334, f. 52 *
Aug. vi, £ 306
See Borders.

JOACHIM, Saint, father of the Blessed Virgin.—
There is one event in which this Saint is especially represented
in illustration of the Immaculate Conception. This is generally
known as the " Meeting of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne at
the Golden Gate of Nazareth," on the occasion of the return
home of the former after the prophecy of the angel concerning
the birth of a child to them.

{17,280, £ 129 *
Rebuked in temple
22,279, £ 9 *
Angel appearing to
22,279, f- i°
Harl. 3240, £ 6*(0. T. types)
15,525, £ 11
17,280, £ 129 *
29,704, £ 13
Ar. 120, £ 6 *
Eg. 2019, £ 30
Meeting with Saint Anne at
the Golden Gate
22,279, f- n
4836, £ 12
11,865, f- 6*
11,866, £61*

15,525, f- 13
17,280, £ 129 *
19,897, f- 211
20,694, £ 59 *
29,704, £ 13
Eg. 1070, £ 86 *
Eg. 2019, £ 30
Harl. 2876, £ 18*
Harl. 2917, £ 13
{Harl. 2969, £ 33
Harl. 2989, f. 49
Slo. 961, £ 13
Slo. 2732 B, £ 14
Joan 0E- Arc, figure of
{20 D viii, £ 1
Joan, Pope, and her child
16 G v, £ 120

JO

183

JO

Joanna of Navarre, Queen
of England, coronation of
{Jul. E iv, £ 202 *

Joanna of Spain, portrait
{18,852, ff. 26, 228

JOB. — This prominent character of Old Testament
history is not uncommonly found in late " Books of Hours," as
well as in illustrated Bibles. He is generally shown covered
with boils and seated on a dunghill. There is seldom any great
beauty of excellence in these pictures.

Harl. 2803
Harl. 4381, £ 215 *
11,865, f- 63
14,803, £ 74*
15,702, £ 131
{18,854, £ 105*
20,694, f. 99
27,698, f. 16*
29,433, f- 208
3o,°59, f- 129
Burn. 352, f. 193
Eg. 2019, £ 165 *
Harl. 2877, £ 86
Harl. 2916, £ 108
Harl. 2929, £ 89
Harl. 2936, f. 80
Harl. 2969, £ 105
Harl. 2999, £ 118
Harl. 5049, £ 85
Harl. 5328, £ 93
Kings 6, £ 106 *
Kings 7, £ 73
Kings 8, £ 78
{15 D iii, £ 209
Slo. 2418, £ 97
Slo. 2603, £ 75
25,710, £ 57 (series)
Trials of
18,851, £ 262
With wife and children
Eg. 2019, £ 156 *
Destruction of his cattle
{Eg. 2019, £ 157*
Flocks struck by lightning
Eg. 2019, £ 158*
Destruction of servants
Eg. 2019, £ 158 *

Destruction of sons
Harl. 2897, £ 249
Eg. 2019, £ 158*
Told of his misfortunes
Eg. 2019, £ 165 *
{Slo. 2605, £ 74*
19 D ii,,£ 195 *
Satan beating him
Eg. 2019, £ 166*
Reproached by his wife
Eg. 1066, £ 35 *
Eg. 2019, £ 166*
17 E vii, £ 186*
Answering his wife
Eg, 2019, £ 167 *
With his friends
Harl. 4381, £ 225 *
19 D ii, £ 206 *
Harl. 2950, £ 167
Eg. 2019, £ 167 *
{15 D iii, f. 219*
Answering his friends
Eg. 2019, £ 175
Praying Eg. 2019, ff. 165*. 175, 176
God answering him
Eg. 2019, £ 177 *
Sacrifice of
17,738, £ 3*
Eg. 2019, £ 157 *
Feasting 17,73s, f- 3*
Giving a feast
{Eg. 2019, £ 156*
1 E ix, £ 136 *
Slo. 2605, £ 74*

JO

184

JO

Job, (continued.)
Friends bringing gifts
Eg. 2019, f. 177 *
17 E vii, £ 197
With wife and second family
Eg. 2019, £ 177*
Joel
17 E vii, £ 365*
19 D ii, £ 391
1 E ix, f. 229
{15 D iii, £ 394

Joel, (continued)
Book of, illustrating " Blow
ye the trumpet in Zion "
Harl. 4382, £ 118
Johannes Andrea, of
Bologna, presenting book to
Boniface VIII.
Harl. 3751, £ 1
Harl. 3718, £ 1 *
John, Saint, Almoner
16 B xvii, £ 55*

JOHN, Saint, the Baptist. — This saint is repre
sented according to the Gospel description, in his raiment of
camel's hair, with a leathern girdle about his loins ; and, as an
emblem, he often carries a staff with a flag, or an Agnus Dei,
the latter in allusion to the words with which he greeted Our
Lord. Besides the reference given here, a number of representa
tions of this Saint will of course be found under the heading of
Jesus Christ : — Baptism.

+Eg. 1 139
28,784 A, £ 73 *
Harl. 928, £ 83
2 B vi, £ 1 1
17,006, £ 160
17,046, f. 2
2i,973, f- 89
23,i45, f.27
19 B xvii, £ 28
11,865, f- 3*
11,866, £ 159
11,867, f- 149
14,803, £ 101 *
15, "4, f- 252*
15,216, £ 59
15,45615,525, £ 107
15,813, £ 238*
15,815, £ 43
+ l6,975, f- 14
17,026, £ 70 *
17,280, £ 342 *
17,353, f- J29*
i7,525, f- M5
17,943, f- 132*
18,851, ff. 390, 449

{18,852, ff. 26, 407*
18,854, £ 138 *
19,962, £ 161
22,590, £ 237 *
27,697, f- 197
{28,785, £ 151
29,433, f- 195
Ar. 318, ff. 15*, 48*
Tib. B iii, £ 143
Eg. 859, f. 7
Eg. 1068, £ 83
Eg. 1070, f. 94
Eg. 1 147, £ 209 (with lamb)
Eg. 2125, £ 197*
Harl. 1 21 1, £ 86 *
Harl. 2846, £ 28 *
Harl. 2876, f. 87
Harl. 2900, £ 50
Harl. 2917, £ 175 *
Harl. 2929, £ 126 *
Harl. 2936, £ 105
Harl. 2948, £ 167
Harl. 2955, £ 142
Harl. 2962, £ 34*
Harl. 2985, £'21 *
Harl. 2989, £ 115 *

JO

185

JO

John, (continued)
Harl. 3000, £ 22 *
Harl. 5049, f. 58 *
Kings 6, £ 143 *
Kings 7, £ 91
{Kings 9, £ 27 *
2 B xii, £ 19 *
2 B xiii, £ 27
{10 B xiv, f . 3 *
Slo. 2321, £ 131 *
Slo. 2418, £ 132 *
Slo. 2419, £ 107
Slo. 2471, £ 27 *
Slo. 2571, £ 15*
Slo. 2474, £ 20 *
Slo. 2565, £ 13 *
Slo. 2633, £17*
• Slo. 2916, £ 116 *
Nativity Harl. 2891, £ 264*
{Harl. 2897, £ 315
19 B xvii, £ 148
4836, £ 6 *
16,907, £ 128 *
16,998, £ 93
18,851, £386*
19,897, £ 233
29,735, f- 132
30,014, £ 112 * v
30,038, £ 37
Naming of
Cal. A xiv, £ 20 *
In wilderness
{17,012, £ 24*
2 A xviii, £ 3 *
Preaching {25,885, £ 26*
Eg. 2019, £ 208
Harl. 2876, £ 87

John, (continued)
Baptising 19 C i, £ 162 *
18,851, £ 23
Reproving Herodand Herodias
29,704, £ 11
Hearing of Jesus from disciples
18,851, f. 18
Decollation of
Harl, 1810, £ 107 *
Ar. 157, £ 7
17,006, £ 176
17,444, £ 42 *
{25,886, £ 21*
29,253, f- 387
{Harl. 2897, £ 381*
19 B xvii, £ 235 *
19 C i, £ 166*
4836, £ 8 *
11,865, f- 86
15,815, f- 55 *
16,907, £ 204
29,704, £ 11
3°,o38, £ 56
Eg. 1070, f. 100*
Eg. 2019, £ 208
Head of, in charger
23,774, f- 171
Burial 29,704, £ n
Presenting a worshipper
Harl. 1251, f. 41
John, Saint, of Bridlington
2 A xviii, £ 7 *
John Chrysostom, Saint
19 B xvii, £ 254

JOHN, Saint, the Divine, Evangelist. — In what may
be termed the symbolical pictures of this Saint, there are two
distinct manners of representation. The one presents him as
Evangelist, and shows him writing at a desk, accompanied by his
Evangelistic symbol, the eagle. Pictures of this form are found
in the earliest Manuscripts in our list, and continue throughout '
the whole series. The other form, very common in later art,
shows the Saint holding a cup, from which a serpent is emerging.

JO

1 86

jo

This alludes to the legend of an attempt made to poison him,
which was frustrated by his custom of signing all food with the
cross before partaking of it, the effect being that the poison left
the cup in the form of a serpent. We have here pointed out his
attempted martyrdom by the title by which the festival com
memorating it is known in the Calendar, viz., S. Johannes
ante Portam Latinam, a term derived from the Latin Gate of
Rome, before which the Saint was placed in the cauldron of oil.

Nero D iv
11,848, £ 333
Harl. 2788, £ 161 *
Tib. A ii, 162 *
4949, £ 201 *
Harl. 2820, £ 191
{Harl. 2821, £ 151 *
Eg. 638, £ 133 *
+5112, £ 14*
11,838, £ 213*
11,850, £ 138*
11,870, £ 198
{26,103, f- 188*
+Eg. 1 139
Harl. 5647
Harl. 2970, £ 4*
Harl. 2804, £ 216 *
Harl. 1810, £ 211 *
14,813, £ 90 *
22,739, £ 212 *
Burn. 20, £ 226*
15,243, f- 2*
22,279, f- 42
22,50623,145, ff- J7, 28
Harl. 2897, £ 170
{Harl. 2897, £ 290
Harl. 4382, £ 252*
{15 D iii, £470*
{19 A ii, f. 2
4836, ff. 12*, 14, 179*
11,865, ff- 3*, 86*
11,866, ff. 13, 159*
14,803, ff. 7 *, 102
i5,525, f- i°7
15,677, f- 33*
16,907, f, 22
16,998, ff. 37, 87
{17,012, £ 26 *
17,026, ff. 59*, 71*

17,280, £ 16
+ 17,353, ff- 28, 130
18,192, £ 177
18,197, f- d
18,851, ff. 220 *, 309
{18,852, £ 182
18,854, £ 139
19,416, £ 136
19,917, £ 127
19,962, ff. 13, 162
20,694, f. 148*
21,909, £ 148
25,557, f- 13
22,590, £ 238*
22,751, £ 1*
24,189, £ 8*
25,697, f- 35 *
25,695, £ 13
27,697, ff- 13, 93
27,698, £ 1
28,785, £ 14
28,962, f, 35*
29,433, ff 13-201 *
30,038, £ 197
Ar. 318, £ 17 *
Tib. B iii, £ 147
Eg. 859, ff. 18, 26
Eg. 10681, ff. 83*, 101
Eg. 1070, ff. 12, 87 *, in
Eg. 1147, ff. 34, 211
Eg. 2019, £ 13
Eg 2.045, f- 16*
Harl. 1662, £ 202 *
Harl. 2799, £ 185*
Harl. 2854, £ 241
Harl. 2863, £ 14
Harl. 2876, £ 87
Harl. 2877, £ 13
Harl. 2900, £ 19
Harl. 2915, f. 10*

JO

187

JO

John, (continued.)
Harl. 2917, £ 177
Harl. 2919, ff. 15, 141 *
Harl. 2924, £ 18
Harl. 2929, £ 14
Harl. 2933, £ 31 *
Harl. 2934, £ 17
Harl. 2935, f. 13
Harl. 2936, £ 105 *
Harl. 2948, £ 32
{Harl. 2950, £ 13
Harl. 2952, £ 121 (gris.)
Harl. 2962, £ 26*
Harl. 2971, £ 13
{Harl. 2980, £ 14
Harl. 2985, £ 23 *
Harl. 2999, £ 21 *
Harl. 3000, ff. 24*, 95
Harl. 5049, ff. 8, 59
Harl. 5328, £ 13
Harl. 5731, f. 135*
{Harl. 5790, £ 232 *
{Harl. 7026, £ 15
Kings 6, £ 13
Kings 7, £ 91 *
{Kings 9, £ 30 *
15 D ii'. f- 49
17 E vii, £ 441
19 C ii, £ 108
20 B ii, £ 27
Slo. 2418, £ 13
Slo. 2419, ff. 8*, 14*
Slo. 2468, £ 14
Slo. 2471, £ 29*
Slo. 2605, ff. 5, 99
Slo. 2633, £ 19*
Slo. 2726, £ 1
Slo. 2803
Slo. 2916, £ 117
With Saint Peter, raising
lame man
20 D vi, £ 16
Before an emperor
20,694, £ 12
" Ante Portam Latinam "
22,279, £ 18
19 B xvii, £ 129
4836, f- 5

John, (continued.)
{11,865, f. 7
15,815, £ 41*
20,694, £ 12
25,697, f- 291 *
27,697, f- 13
Eg. 1070, f. 92
Slo. 2605, £ 5
Taken to Patmos
Harl. 2969, £ 9
In Patmos
16 F v, £ 114
At Patmos, with Trinity
above, and fiend upsetting ink
stand + 27,697, f- 13
Receiving in sleep the vision
of the Apocalypse, his soul
represented by the eagle, be
fore the Throne of God
11,695, f- 83
Visions of
Harl. 4382, ff. 254*, 255*,
257, 257*
1 E ix, £ 319
15 D ii, f. 107
Vision of woman clothed
with the sun
{18,854, £ 13*
With beast of Apocalypse
17 E vii, £ 498
19 D ii, £ 520
With angel
Harl. 2821, £ 2
Eg. 608, £ 2
Cleop. A v, £ 3
Eating the book
15 D ii, £ 109*
Raising a dead man to life
22,279, £ 18 *
Changing pebbles to gold
27,697, f- 13
Preaching {Harl. 2897, £ 184
27,697, £ 13

JO

188

jo

John, (continued.)
Dictating to a disciple
{Burn. 19, £ 169
In grave
22,279, f- 19 *
Received into Heaven
22,279, f- x9
Interceding for souls
19 B xvii, £ 5
See Jesus Christ : — Crucifixion
John XXII., Pope
6 E vi, £ 16 *
Pope John, and Court
15,269, £ 369*
Figure of
Harl. 1766, £ 235
14 E v, £ 472
John, King of England,
hunting stag
Claud. D ii, £ 113
Nero D ii, £ 123
Vit. A xiii, £4* (with poisoned
cup) 20 A ii, £ 8 * (with dogs)
{Jul. E iv, £ 4
John II. , King of France
Lans. 1178, £ 19
John of Portugal , marriage
14 E iv, £ 284
John of Gaunt
14 E iv, £ 10
Jonah
21,926, £ 97 *
Cast into sea
Eg. 2076, £ 2*
And the whale
Harl. 4382, £ 122 *
17 E vii, £ 369
Swallowed by whale
17,280, f. 242
Dom. A xvii, £121

Jonah, (continued.)
Cast up by whale
Harl. 3949, £ 15 *
i6,975, f- 73*
19 D ", f- 395
1 E ix, £ 232 *
{15 D iii, £398*
Joseph, the Patriarch,
history of
{15,268, ff. 48, 54, 58, 64
19,669
Dream of
Nero C iv, £ 13
25,697, £ 86
Put into pit
{24,678, £ 11
17,280, £ 242
{15 D iii, £ 31*
Sold into Egypt
{24,678, £ 11
30,084, £ 138
Harl. 4381, £ 32
17 E vii, £ 32
19 D ii, £ 33*
And Potiphar's wife
Nero C iv, £ 5
15,268, £ 54
22,557, £ 28
Giving corn to brethren
Harl. 4381, £ 35
Joseph, Saint, husband
of the B. V. Mary
Faust. B vii, £ 51
i5,7n, f- n5*
{18,192, £ 52
And suitors laying wands
before the altar
i5,525, f- 20
Budding of his rod in the
Temple 22,279, f- 19 *
Angel appearing to, in a dream
{17,687, £ c
15,525, f- 3i

JO

189

JU

Joseph, (continued.)
15,813, f- 27
Harl. 7026, £ 7
At work
17,280, £ 168*
See Jesus Christ : — Nativity,
Adoration of Magi, Flight into
Egypt, Presentation. Mary, Saint
Joseph, Saint, of Ari-
mathea, before Pilate
24,098, £ 12 *
See Jesus Christ : — Entomb
ment.
Joshua
15,248, £ 54*
1 E ix, £ 56 *
{15 D iii, £ 97
Appointed leader
17 E vii, f. 105
19 D ii, £ no
Taking the Ark over Jordan
19 D ii, f. 117
Josiah, King of Judah
Harl. 1766, £ 121 *
Passover of
1 E ix, £ 116 *
Judas Iscariot, story of,
adapted from that of GEdipus
16 G iii, £ 193
Exposed (as a child)
16 G iii, £ 193
Killing his father
16 G iii, £ 193
Agreeing to betray Christ
16 G iii, f. 193
Receiving the thirty pieces
2 B iii, £ 51
Kings 5, £ n (O..T. types)
Bringing back the thirty pieces
19 C i, £ 173*
24,098, £ 4*

Judas Iscariot, (cont.)
Death of
Ar. 157, £ 10
1 D x, £ 8
19 C i, f. 173*'
In hell
{Tit. D xxvii, £ 76 *
Jude, Saint, Apostle
Harl. 2897, ff. 186*, 426*
19 B xvii, £ 297
4836, £ 10 *
11,865, £ 5*
11,866, £ 164
15,815, £ 61*
18,192, f. 210
18,851, £ 476
29,433, f- 199*
See Simon, Saint.
Judith
17 E vii, £ 214
19 D ii, f. 224
Before Holofernes
15,268, £ 181
Slaying Holofernes
17 E vii, £ 217
{15 D iii, £ 239
Eg. 1500, f. 11 *
{18 E v, £ 137*
With head of Holofernes
1 E ix, f. 129
Judges 12,023
23,144, ff. 2, 4, 5, 6, etc.
Costume of a judge
23,923, f- 34
Harl. 2681, £ 1
In ecclesiastical courts
15,274
In papal and ecclesiastical
courts 24,642
Throne of a judge
Harl. 2681
10 E iv, ff. 62, 63

JU

i go

ka

Judgment, scenes of giv
ing, in courts
Ar. 484
12,023, f- 77*
J udgmentDay, signs of the
18,851, £ 14*
See Resurrection, General.
Judocus, or Josse, Saint
22,590, £ 247 *
Juggler (minstrel of King
David) throwing up knives
and balls
{Tib. C vi, £ 30 *
{Harl. 4951, £ 298*
Jugurtha, figure of
15,268, £ 292
Aug. A v, ff. 196 *, 205
Julian, Saint, Bishop
20 D vi, £ 5
Harl. 3978, f. 70
19 B xvii, £ 61 *
17,943, f- 140*
19,962, £ 166
Eg. 1070, £ 86
Harl. 2935, f. in
Julian, the apostate
Harl. 1766, ff. 200, 201 *
Juliana, Saint, martyr
dom 27,428, £ 77

Jupiter, figure of
11,866, £ 2*
Burn. 257, £ 15
Adventures of
Slo. 2452, £ 7
Burn. 257
Statue of
Harl. 1766, £ 67
Jupiter Ammon, worship
of Ram in the temple of
15 D iv, £ 70
Jupiter. See Planets
Just, Saint
Eg. 859, £ 23
Justice personified
11,866, £ 3*
15,685, £ 51
20,916, ff. 11, 12, 21, 22, 26
23,970
Tit. A xvii, f. 43 *
Justina, Saint
15,815, ff. 47, 60*
Life of
+ 15,813, ff- 229, 263
Translation of
{15,813, f- 263 K
Kamber, son of King
Brutus 20 A ii, £ 2

KATHARINE, Saint, of Alexandria.— This Saint
appears to have been a universal favourite ; and to judge by
the large number of her namesakes, a number only excelled
by those of Saint Mary, she was regarded with special venera
tion in England. This is due, no doubt, partly to the meaning
of her name, and partly to the beautiful legend associated with
her. Her symbol, the well known wheel of Saint Katharine,
needs no description. She generally carries a sword in addition
to the wheel.

KA

191

KA

Katharine, (continued.)
24,686, f. 2 *
28,784 A, ff. 71, 76
28,784 B, £ 8
2 B vi, £ 1 1 *
17,006, f. 189
23,145, f- 39
Eg. 1066, f. 10 *
Harl. 2897, £ 447 *
19 B xvii, ff. 5, 327 *
4836, £ 11 *
11,865, £ 6
14,803, £ 105
15,702, £ 252
15,711, £ 178
17,012, f. 38*
17,280, £ 362 *
17,353, f- 142
+ 17,943, f- 137*
18,192, £ 222 *
18,851, £ 495*
18,852, f. 417 *
18,854, £ 148
19,416, £ 143
i9,9i7, f- 13°
19,962, £ 176 *
20,694, £ 143
20,859, f- 86
22,590, £ 251 *
+ 24,153, f- "5*
25,710, £ 82 *
27,697, £ 100*
29,433, f- 213
29,735, f- 164
Ar. 318, £ 26*
Dom. A xvii, f. 149
Tib. Biii,.£ 146*
Eg. 1068, £ 89 *
Eg. 1070, f. 108
Eg. 1 147, £ 222 *
Eg. 2019, £ 215
Harl. 1211, f. 88*
Harl. 125 1, £ 51
Harl. 2846, £ 44*
Harl. 2854, £ 251*
Harl. 2865, £ 69*
Harl. 2900, £ 61 *
Harl. 2917, £ 179*
Plarl. 2919, £ 147

Katharine, (continued)
Harl. 2929, £ 128
Harl. 2935, £ 114
Harl. 2955, £ 100
Harl. 2962, £ 38 *
Harl. 2966, £ 10
Harl. 2985, £ 35 *
Harl. 2989, £ 126
Harl. 5049, £ 64 *
Kings 6, £ 145 *
Kings 7, £ 99 *
{Kings 9, f. 58*
2 A xviii, £15*
Slo. 2418, £ 136*
Slo. 2419, £ 109
Slo. 2471, £ 39 *
Slo. 2474, £ 28
Slo. 2571, £ 19*
Slo. 2633, £ 31 *
Slo. 2919, £ 12*
Before the emperor
20 D vi, £ 18
27,428, £ 48 *
Confuting the heathen phi
losophers 29,704, f. 22
Trampling on tyrant
15,677, £ 147
Slo. 2565, £ 25 *
Delivered by an angel
21,926, £ 10
Martyrdom 17,444, f- 40*
4836, £ 190*
{11,865, f-9o
18,850, £ 126
{27,697, £ 200*
{28,784, £ 173*
29,704, £ 22
Body of, carried by angels
11,865, £ 90
Presenting Henry VI. to the
B. Virgin Mary
Dom. A xvii, £ 74

KA

192

Kl

KATHARINE, Saint, of Siena. — It seems strange
that a Saint, who in modern times well nigh eclipses the older
Saint Katharine as a patroness, should be so seldom noticed in
mediaeval Manuscripts. This is no doubt due to the lateness of
her date, while her modern popularity is doubtless due to the
particular school of asceticism of which she is indisputably
the chief ornament. Her emblems are the "stigmata" (see
Francis, Saint) and, on her head, the crown of thorns. In
the Dulwich Gallery there is a beautiful picture of this Saint
by Carlo Dolci, well known by the photographs and engravings
of it under the erroneous title of " Mater Dolorosa," given to
it in the catalogue of that collection.

18,851, f. 368
27,697, £ 100*
Katherine of France,
Marriage of, to Henry V.
Jul. E iv, £ 222
20 E vi, £ 9 *
See Henry V.
Katherine dei Medici,
Queen, a.d. 15 17
Tit. A xvii
20 C xi, £ 298*
Keiuinus, Saint, with bird
13 B viii, f. 20
Kennel
27,699, f- 39*
Kettle
Harl. 603, £ 22 *
On a hanger
11,696, £ 8
Key
15,243, f- 34
19 B xv, £ 38*
14 E iii, f. 97
Keys of City, surrender of
16 G vii, £ 234
21,143, f- 239*
Harl. 441 1, £ 75
18 D vii, £ 106
20 B xx, £ 34

King, and Emperor
Emperors
15,274, f- 1
15,685, ff. 85, etc.
18,851, f. 198
Harl. 326
Harl. 3461, £ 90
Harl. 4375
Lans. 1 1 79, £ 120 *
14 E i, £ 286
16 G v, £ 123
19 E v, £ 367 *
20 B xv, £ 2
20 C i, ff. 1, 24*, etc.
Heads of
Eg. 1500
Wife of
15,685, ff. 88, 92*, 94, etc.
Son of
15,685, £ 96*
With courtiers
18 D vii, £ 2
Imperial crowns
Harl. 4375
See Crowns.
Kings Tib. B v, £ 85 *
Ar. 157, £ 74
Ar. 484
Claud. D vi, £ 1
Lans. 782, ff. 3*, 10*, etc.
{2 A xxii, £ 219 *
2 B vi, £ 1 1 *

Kl

193

KI

King, (continued.)
15,268
15,27415,477
Jul. A v, f. 53 *
Nero A iv
Nero D ii
Vitel. E ii
Harl. 3448
Harl. 4389, £ 8 *
10 E iv, £ 162
19 D i
20 A ii, ff. 3, etc.
20 A v
20 B i, ff. 1, 15
20 D iv, £ 102
iSlo. 3983
10,341, £ 8
+ 15,434, f- 54
{28,549, £ 5 *
29,7°4, f- 30
Burn. 257
Harl. 326
Harl. 4425, ff. 87, etc.
Lans. 1 178, £ 19
14 E iii, ff. 11, etc.
15 D vi
17 E iv
18 D vii
20 A xix, £ 1
On throne
15,268, ff. 105 *, etc.
15,685, f- 4
Aug. A v, £ 45 *
15 E vi, £ 293
16, G ix, £ 169
Portraits of Biblical kings
;Eg. 1500
Head of a
13 A iii, £ 131
With queen and princess
16 F i, £ 221
And queen
15,26917 F vii, f. 126
20 C ii

King, (continued.)
With courtiers
12,02912,22816 G vi
16 G vii
10 D viii, £ 1
19 A 20
19 D i, ff. 1, etc.
20 C vii
20 D ii
18,750
21,143, ff- 1, 381, 480, etc.
Nero E ii
Vesp. A xvii
Harl. 4335, £ 10
Harl. 4379
Harl. 4380
Harl. 441 1, £ 98
14 E iv, £ 10
14 E vi, £ 10
16 G ii, £ 40*
17 E v
18 G ii, ff. 93, 153*, 154*
19 A vi, £ 2
19 E vi
20 B xx, ff. 4, 9 *, etc.
20 C ii, ff. 1, etc.
20 D xi
Slo. 2433
Receiving a book
Burn. 257, £ 6 *
Shooting animals
16 G v, £ 44
Giving a charter
83 C 13
6 E vi, £ 114*
Suppliants before a
Harl. 4375, £ 118
Washing feet of poor men
Slo. 2433, f- 139*
Naked, in a river
20,698, £ 65
In bed
Vesp. B i, £ 4 14

KI

194

KN

King, (continued.)
Falling from a tower into the
water 23,929, £ 7
Death of
20 C iv, £ 30
Allegory of living and dead
Ar. 83, £ 128
22,568, £ 146 *
Royal robes of
13 E vi, £ 16
See David. England. France.
etc.

Kitchen, royal
{Harl. 4375, £ 179
Knife
Jul. A vi, £ 3 *
Tib. C vi, £ 5 *
Harl. 603, £ 66 *
Burn. 19, £ 62 *
10 A xiii, £ 2 *
11,695, £ 86
Harl. 2803, £ 1 *
Harl. 2804, £ 1 *

KNIGHT. — Pictures of Knights in armour are, as
may naturally be imagined, of very frequent occurrence in
secular Manuscripts. Many illustrations of Biblical subjects
also contain representations : for there are many scenes of Old
Testament history where the armed warrior may be appro
priately introduced ; and in New Testament history the betrayal
of Jesus Christ, the events of the Passion, and the Resurrection,
are seldom depicted without some fine examples of Knights in
the chain mail or plate armour of the period in which the
illustration was designed.

24,686, ff. 11, 17
{Lans. 782
{2 A xxii, £ 220
20 D iv, ff. 53, etc.
10,292-4
X 1 1,843, f- 1
12,02912,22815,268, ff. 77*, 149, etc.
15,477
{17,006, £ 8
Claud. D ii, ff. 30, 70, 73
Nero A iv, £ 67
Vitel. E ii
Harl. 273, £ 70*
Harl. 4389
Harl. 4903
{6 E ix, £ 24
{10 E iv, ff. 103, etc.
16 G vii
20 A ii, ff. 1 *, 2, etc.
20 B i, ff. 10, 25 *
20 C vi, ff. 3, 4*, 11, etc.

10 D ii
Slo. 2430, £ 2 *
17,280, £ 2 *
19,416, £ 133
+ 21,965, f- 4
+ 22,329
Jul. E iv, ff. 20 *, 219 *
Harl. 326, £ 13 *
Harl. 4379, 4380
Harl. 4431, £ 103 *
14 D iv, v
14 E iii
15 E vi
16 F i, £ 221
16 F ii, f. 73
16 G ii, £ 1
17 F i, ff. 55, etc.
{19 C viii
19 E ii
19 E iii
20 C viii, £ 2 *
20 C ix
20 D xi

KN

195

LA

Knight, (continued.)
Making a
Jul. E iv, art. 6, £ 202
20 D xi, £ 134*
In a tournament
Vitel. E ii, f. 12
17,353, f- 85
Jul. E iv, ff. 203, 215, etc.
Combat of Knights
20 D iv, £ 187, etc.
Rescuing lady from a wild man
10 E iv, £ 74*
Rescuing lion from a dragon
(a tale)
10 E iv, ff. 80 *, etc.
Prayer of
Eg. 745, f- 33
Reposing 19 E ii, £ 145
Obliterated figure of a
15,685, f. 12
Of the Garter
28,330, f. 31
Of Saint John of Jerusalem
{Harl. 4372, f. 12
" Of Love," armed
20 A xvii, ff. 88, 125, etc.

Knight, (continued.)
Roman Harl. 1766, ff. 156*, 171 *
See Armour. Horse. Rider.
Tournament.

Labour, personified
Ar. 71, ff. 24, 39*
Ladder up to heaven
Eg. 943, ff- 163*, etc
Harl. 4431, £ 190
Scaling Claud. B iv, £ 11*
15,268, £ 101 *
10 E iv, ff. 202, etc.
6797, £ 162
24,945, f. 201 *
Burn. 169,'f. 174*
Aug. A v, ff. 18, 469 *
Harl. 4374, ff. 211, 225*
Harl. 4431, £ 142*
{i4Div, £ 54
14 E iv, ff. 59 *, etc.
15 E i, £ 163
15 E vi, £ 207
17 Fi, ff. 68*, 207
{17 F ii, £ 117 *
20 C ix
See Siege.

LADY. — The figures of noble ladies, court per
sonages and others, whicli are introduced frequently into the
illuminations, are useful for die purpose of studying the costume
of the period in which the pictures themselves were designed.

10,292-10,294
12,228
20 C vi, f. 3
20 D ii
i8,7So
{Ar. 71, ff. 24, 39*
Burn. 257
Nero D ix

Harl. 4372, £ 140
{Harl. 4376, £ 271
Harl. 4425
Harl. 4431
16 Gv
18 G ii, ff. 160, 160*, 161
(mourning) 19 Eii, ff. 145, 319*, etc.
14*

LA

ig6

LA

Lady, (continued.)
19 E ii, £ 306
19 E iii, ff. 159, 282 *
20 B xx
See Costume. Courtiers. Ec
clesiastical Ceremonies : —
Funerals. Tournaments, etc.
Laius, King
Harl. 1766, ff. 43, 45
Lake, with serpents
Aug. A v, £ 124
Lamb
{Harl. 3448, £ 37 *
Couchant 20 A xvi
Adoration of the
15 D ii, £ 162 *
19 B xv, f. 25
+ 17,353, f- J46
Lambert, Saint, of Liege
21,114, f- 7*
Martyrdom 20 D vi, £ 96 *
Lamp
Nero C iv, £ 13
Lans. 381, £ 11
i6,975, f- i7
18,633

Lamp, (continued.)
6 E vi, £ 15
18,850, £ 20*
28,681, £ 4
{Harl. 6205, £ 32
Lancaster, Duke ol
Harl. 1319, £ 50
Lance, holy
15 E i, £ 99
Personages holding the head
of the
24,189, ff. 9, 10
Lance-rests
14 D v, £ 130
Lancers, charge of
17 Fii, £ 243
Lancelot of the Lake,
romance of, illustrated
20 C vi
20 D iv
Land, divisions of
Aug. vi, £ 271
Landing-board
16 G vii, £ 343
Landrada, Saint
29,253, f- 361

LANDSCAPES and COUNTRY SCENERY.—
Always introduced with appropriateness and excellent effect,
many of these are of very beautiful design, and elaborated
with an exquisitely minute and detailed art. Although they
are for the most part purely imaginary, occasionally no doubt
the artist has striven to depict native and, to him, familiar
scenes. The number of these pictures is of course much
greater than the references here given, which point out some
of the best examples only. In some of the later examples, as
for instance, Cotton Manuscript, Augustus A v, it would be
difficult to conceive a finer means of depicting natural scenery.
Mr. Thompson, Assistant Keeper of the Manuscripts in the
British Museum, in his article on Illuminations in the English

LA

197

LA

Cyclopsedia, says, "It is at the beginning of the fifteenth
century that the landscape begins to take a part in the
miniature." At first the landscape consists of nothing more
than conventional details; the sky being represented by the
diapered work and ornamental designs of earlier centuries."
Gradually these backgrounds of artificial form shrink away, the
sky is introduced, and by the middle of the century the diapered
patterns are no longer employed. Then the size of the hills is
increased, rivers and water introduced, and a more natural
appearance is obtained. But the effect of distance, and the
proper adjustments of foreground and background, were hardly
understood until the latter half of the fifteenth century. Never
theless the true horizon is still unfound, " Mountains are piled
upon mountains, and seas and rivers carried far above their
natural level in the attempt to gain the horizon. About a.d.
1470-1480 we find the details of the landscape at length
assuming their natural proportions, and settling down under
the proper laws of perspective."

Harl. 603
12,02912,228 i9,587
Eg- 943
{14 E ii
20 D iv, ff. 53, etc.
11,696 12,531
17,012, ff. 44*, 79*, 180*
18,00018,193i8,75°
{18,852 19,720
20,69820,916 21,247
21,463 21,602
{22,318
{24,189{25,885{25,886{26,667, ff. 4, 6, etc.

27,69928,962, £ 44 *

— ,7 — , -¦
Burn. 169
Burn. 257
{Aug. A v (very fine)
Aug. A vi
Nero E ii
{Eg. 940
{Eg. 1065
{Eg. 2125
Harl. 326
Harl. 334
Harl. 3380
{Harl. 3403, f. 1
{Harl. 3469
Harl. 3718, £ 1*
{Harl. 4337, £ 2
Harl. 4372-4375
Harl. 4376, £ 90
Harl. 4385
Harl. 4431
Harl. 5256
{Harl. 6205
2 A xviii, ff. 3*, 5*, 6 b,
{14 D iv-14 D vi

n*

1 It is worthy of note, that even so late as the time of Charles I. the sky of his first
great seal is represented by a diapered pattern of interlacingelliptical lines. This is
probably the last relic of the diapered backgrounds of the fourteenth century illumina
tions. See British Museum Additional Charter, 6022, published in the Journal of the
British Archaeological Association for 1870.

LA

198

LA

Landscapes, (continued.)
14 Ei
{14 E iv, 14 E v
{15D1V 15 E i-15 E iv
{i6Fii, f. 1
16 F v, £ 114
16 Gii-16 Gv
{ 1 6 G viii, ff. 86 *, 1 1 6, 1 89, etc.
16 G ix, ff. 42 *, 76 *, etc.
17 E iii, ff. 184, etc.
{17 E iv
17 Fi
{17 F ii, vi, vii
17 C xxxviii
{18 D ii
18 D vii
{18 E i-18 E v
19 B x, £ 2
{19 C viii
19 C ix, £ 8
{19 E ii, iii, v
19 E vi, f. 10
20 A xvi
20 B iii
20 B xx
20 C i
20 C v
{20 C ix
20 E i-20 E vi
Slo. 2421
With buildings
i6,997, ff. 44*, 57, 63, 68,
129, i53*
{17,026, ff. 43,59*, 111,136
{Eg. 2045, ff 16*, 82, 95,
172 *, 216 *
{Harl. 2863, ff. 56, no*
Harl. 2915, ff. 20*, 31, 37,
153*, I56*, 173*
2 A xvi, £ 48
16 F iii
With hills
15,814, £ 7
17,012, f. 24*
{17,280, ff. 129*, 168*, 190*,
210 *, 242
{18,197 C

Landscapes, (continued.)
{18,854, ff. 40*, 49, 57,
{24,075
{24,098 27,697, ff- 39, 7i*, 83*, 213
27,697, ff. 52 *, no*
27,697, ff. 56 b, 200*
Harl. 2917, £ in
Harl. 2950
Harl. 2999
{16 G iii
{19 A ii
With lake and buildings
27,697, ff. 13, 64*
+ 28,785, ff. 14,42*, 67
Sunset {Aug. A v, £ 38
In moonlight
17,280, £ 113*
At night
15,114
{Eg. 1065, f. 116*
{18 E v, £ 137*
River and hills
15,528, ff. 207*, 241 *, 282*
{Eg. 1070, £ 53
16 G iv, £ 7
With rocks
Harl. 4381, £ 43
17,012, £ 24 *
27,697, ff. 60, 71*, 83*,
110 *, 213
Eg 943
14 E v, £ 174
16 G viii, £ 147*
17 C xxxviii
18 G ii, ff. 108*, etc.
20 C v, £ 42
Rural 12,004
+ 19,417, ff 167*, 168, 194*
19,720
27,697, £ 118*
Harl. 2971, £ 13
With sea-views
18,197, i

LA

199

LA

Landscapes, (continued.)
{18,851, ff. 63, 71, 77, 241, 368
{18,854, £ 13*
{28,962, £ 151
Harl. 2980, £ 14
19 A ii
With snow
18,850, £ 65
28,962, £ 332 *

Lantern
6 E vi, £ 15
24,098, £ 4 *
12 C iii, £ 10 *
Slo. 2683, f. 38 *
Lauredano (Leonard),
Doge of Venice, a.d. 15 15
Harl. 3403

LAURENCE, Saint. The emblem of this Saint,
the gridiron, is too well known to need description. When
symbolically represented, he is always vested in a deacon's
dalmatic, and it is not easy to distinguish him from Saint
Vincent, also a deacon, who suffered a similar martyrdom.
Pictures of the martyrdom of Saint Laurence are not uncommon,
and, in late instances particularly, the artists often seem animated
by a desire to magnify as much as possible the horrors of the
torture.

24,686, £ 2
28,784 A, £ 74
Harl. 928, £ 77 *
17,006, £ 172
21,965, £..5
19 B xvii, £ 204
4836, £ 181*
11,855, £ 4*
11,866, £ 170
15,813, £ 251
15,815, f- 5i
17,012, £ 63
17,026, f. 76
{17,047, £ 2
17,280, £ 352*
17,353, f- 133
18,192, £ 214
18,197, h
18,851, £431
18,854, £ 141 *
19,962, f. 163
20,694, f. 141
22,590, £ 241
27,697, f- 95
29,7°4, f- 32
I29,735j f- 146
30,014, £ 153*
Ar. 318, £ 49 *

Tib. B iii, £ 142
Eg. 1068, £ 85
Eg. 1070, £ 98
Harl. 2917, £ 177*
Harl. 2929, £ 125 *
Harl. 2936, £ 107 *
Harl. 2985, f. 57 *
Harl. 3000, £ 57 *
Harl. 5049, £ 61
Kings 7, £ 93
Kings 9, £ 87 *
Slo. 2571, £ 40*
Slo. 2565, £ 46
Slo. 2633, £ 52
2835, £ 225
Slo. 2916, £ 119
Distributing gifts to the poor
{29,902, £ 4
Before the emperor
Cal. A xiv, £ 25
Martyrdom Cal. A xiv, £ 25
21,926, £10*
28,784 B, £ 15
20 D vi, £ 92
17,444, f- 35*
29,253, f- 374*

LA

200

LI

Laurence, (continued.)
Nero D ii, £ 36 *
{Harl. 2897, £ 358
Harl. 3978, £ 96
18,850, f. 126
25,697, £ 328
29,433, f- 203
29,704, f- i7
30,038, £ 51
Tib. A vii, £ 40 *
{Eg. 2019, £ 209
Laval (Jean de), Sire
de Chasteaubrient, portrait of
Harl. 4393, £ 2 *
Law, Courts of
15,274
Ar. 439
6 E vii, £ 345
{Harl. 2681, £ 1
See Court.
Law, forms of
Ar. 484
Decisions of ecclesiastical
law, interiors and processes of
courts, etc.
15,274
Lawyers Ar. 484
23,144, ff. 2, 3
6 E vi
Costume of, a.d. 1483
Harl. 2681, £ 1
Lazarus as a bishop
15,682, £ 190 *
Lazarus See Jesus Christ.
Legate, costume of a
23,923, f- 33
Leicester, view of
13 A iii, f. 35

Lelius (Cicero)
Harl. 4329, £ 130
Leo, Saint
4836, £ 4
Tib. B iii, £ 142 *
Leonard, Saint
19 B xvii, £ 289
15,281, £ 214* .
17,943, f- 139 * '
19,416, £ 179
24,153, f- 127*
Eg. 859, £ 9 *
Eg. 1070, £ 106*
Letter, giving a
Harl. 4431, ff. 53, 97 *, etc.
15 E i, £ 78
20 A v, £ 58
Giving, to the devil
Hari. 441 1, £ 14
Lewellynn, decapita
tion of
Nero D ii, £ 181
Liberality personified
Harl. 4374, £ 249
Library, interior of
15,685, £ 83
See Furniture.
Lichfield Cathedral,
sketch of
Jul. A x, £ 61
Life personified
Tib. C vi, f. 6 *
Lily
6 E ix, £ 2 *
Tit. A xvii, ff. 34 *, 135^
Lily-pot 19 C i, £ 35
See Flowers. Mary, Saint : —
Annunciation.

LI

201

LO

Lincoln Cathedral,
view of
Nero D ii, £ 105
Lion
{Harl. 603
12,029, f- 7
{15,274, f. 3
i9,587, f- 2
Harl. 4382, £ 257
{6 E ix, £ 8*
{17 E vii, £ 265
ti4,787{14,816, £ 37
{15,685, £ 72
20,916
Harl. 2715, £ 1
Lans. 1 179, £ 62*
20 B xx, ff. 50 *, 80*
Combat of, and man
Harl. 4375, f. 213*
Man opening the jaw of a,
(symbol of fortitude)
{18 E iv, £ 227
With goat in its mouth, man
seizing tail (allegorical)
15,269, £ 187
Man killing
10 E iv, £ 30
Carrying off twins to suckle
them (a tale)
10 E iv, ff. 120, 121, etc.
Hunt of the
15,268, £ 1 *
Combat of, with dragon
Harl. 4431, f. 99
With a woman
13 B vin, £ 19*
Trap for
Harl. 4751, £ 3
Lionnel du Lac
14 E ii, iii
Lisbon, view of the city of
{12,531, vii, vin

Lists See Tournament.
Litter, lady in
{18 E ii, £ 1
Livy, illustrated
Burn. 198
Lans. 1 1 78
15 D vi
Lock and Key
Eg 943, f- 79*
Locrinus, King, son of
Brutus Nero D ii, £ 17
20 A ii, £ 2
London, view of the city
Nero D ii, £ 17
Harl. 4380, £ 174*
{13 A Hi, f- 27
+ 16 F ii, £ 73
Tower of
Harl. 4380, £ 181 *
13 A iii, £ 56
{16 F ii, £ 73
Bridge {16 F ii, £ 73
Inhabitants of
Harl. 13 19, £ 53*
Longius, Saint, breaking
idols 20 D vi, £ 54 *
Longus, (Benedictus)
" Rector Caneae insulse Cre-
tae," a.d. 1567, portrait of
Ar. 255
Loom, weaver's
17,280, f. 129 *
{20,698, ff. 90, IOI
Harl. 4431, £ 126
See Weaving.

LO

202

LU

Lorent, a translator,
presenting his book
20 A xii
Lot, going forth with his
daughters 24,678, £ 11
Departing from Sodom
{15,268, £ 26*
Wife of, turning back and
looking at Sodom
24,678, f. n
Daughters of
Harl. 3448, £ 27
Louis, Saint, King of
France 18,192, £ 221
18,851, £ 444
29,433, f- 208
29,735, f- i49 *
Tit. A xvii, £ 43 *
Eg. 940, £ 2 *
Eg. 1070, f. 99 *
Harl. 2876, £ 91 *
Coronation of
19 E vi, £ 439 *
Bearing the Holy Cross
Harl. 2897, £ 390 *
4836, £ 9
18,851, £ 455
2 B xiii, £ 32 *
Sickpersons holdingpetitions to
¦ Tit. A xvii, £ 43 *
Healing the sick
18,853, £ 48
Presenting Henry VI. to the
Blessed Virgin
Dom. A xvii, £ 49
Mother of
Tit. A xvii, f. 44
Louis XL, Kingof France,
and Court, a.d. 1476
{Harl. 4485, £ 9
{19 C vi
Lans. 191, £ 1

Louis, Saint, Bishop
Eg. 1070, f. 99
Loys, Duke of Bourbon,
Manuscript presented to
Harl. 4917, ff. 1, 4, 52
Love personified
19 B xiii, ff. 3 *, 16, etc.
{Harl. 4425, ff. 18*, 22, etc.
Harl. 4431, £ 53
20 A xvii, ff. 16, etc.
Illustrations of the "Bre
viaire d'Amour "
{i9Ci
Lovers, meeting of
Harl. 4431, £ 376
Loye, Saint
Eg. 859, £ 17
Lucian, Saint
19,962, £ 166*
Lucius, King of Britain
Faust. B vii, £ 53 *
Lucene (Vasque de) pre
senting book to Prince
Burn. 169, £ 11
16 G ix, f. 7
17 Ev
20 C iii, £ 12
Portrait of
17 Fi, £ 14
Lucifer, or Satan
^19,587, f- 58
Overthrown {i8Gii, £ 161*
See Devil.
Lucilius Balbus
15,434

LU

203

LU

LUCRETIA Harl. 4373, £ 1 *
Rape of
Harl. 1766, £ 101 *
Harl. 4374, £211
Death of
Harl. 1766, £ 105
Harl. 4425, £ 79
Lucy, Saint
15,813, f- 217 *
16,907, £ 12 *
18,851, £ 303

Lucy, (continued)
17,280, f. 366*
27,697, £ 100*
29,433, £ 215*
29,735, f- n5*
30,038, £ 63 *
Eg. 1070, £ 86 *
Martyrdom 20 D vi, £ 75
Ludolph of Saxony,
author, teaching
25,885, £ 3

LUKE, Saint, Evangelist. The commonest pictures
of this Saint occur as frontispieces to his Gospel, or are annexed
to his portion of the Cursus Evangelii in " Books of Hours."
These representations, which date from the earliest times, show
him writing his Gospel; and he is always accompanied by
his evangelistic symbol, the ox or calf. There are also a few
pictures showing Saint Luke as an artist, painting a portrait
of the Blessed Virgin with her Infant, in accordance with a
Church tradition of very early date.

Nero D. iv
11,848, £ 219
Harl. 2788, f. 108*
Tib. Aii, £ no*
Harl. 5785, £ 187*
4949, £ 125*
22,740, £ 15
Harl. 2820, £ 120
Harl. 2821, £ 100 *
Eg. 608, £ 87 *
{5112, £ 3*
11,838, £ 135*
11,850, £ 91*
{Burn. 19, £ 100*
Harl. 1 810, £ 139*
Harl. 2799, £ 173 *
Harl. 2804, £ 199
Harl. 2970, f. 3*
Harl. 5647
14,813, f. 56 *
22,739, f- 127 *
{Burn. 20, £ 142 *
22,506 23,145, f- 23 *

Harl. 2.897, £ 422 *
17 E vii, £ 423 *
19 B xvii, f. 291
4836, ff. 10 *, 16
11,865, £ 5*
11,866, ff. 14*, 165*
14,803, £ 8 *
15,815, £ 61
17,280, £ 17
+ 17,353, f- 29*
18,192, ff. 178 *, 212
{18,852, £ 184
18,854, £ 15
19,962, f. 14
25,695, £ 15 *
27,697, £ 14*
27,698, £ 1
28,785, £ 16 *
28,962, £ 34*
29,433, ff- 14 *, 201 *
30,038, f. 189
Eg. 859, £ 12
Eg. 1070, ff. 12*, 104*
Eg. 1 147, £ 35*

LU

204

MA

Luke, (continued.)
Eg. 2019, f. 15
Harl. 2863, £ 16
{Harl. 2877, £ 14*
{Harl. 2900, £ 17
Harl. 2915, £ 10 *
Harl. 2917, f. 14*
Harl. 2924, f. 20
Harl. 2929, £ 15 *
Harl. 2933, £ 33
Harl. 2934, £ 15
Harl. 2950, £ 16
Harl. 2952, £ 119* (gris.)
Harl. 2962, f. 27 *
Harl. 2969, £ 10 *
Harl. '297 1, £ 14*
{Harl. 4393, f. 6* .
Harl. 5049, f. 9
Harl. 5731, £ 88*
{Harl. 5790, £ 142 *
Kings 6, £ 14 *
19 C ii, £ 160
Slo. 2418, £ 14 *
Slo. 2419, £ 10
Slo. 2468, £ 16
Slo. 2605, £ 6*.
Disputing with doctors
{15 D iii, £ 455
Painting 15,677, f- 35
18,851, £ 473
Painting the B. V. Mary
11,865, £ 8
20,694, £ 14 (scenes from
life of)
Harl. 5328, £ 16 *
Martyrdom of
11865, £ 8
Luna
Tit. D xxvii, £ 65 *
11,866, £ 6*
In chariot
{Tib. B v, £ 47
See Constellations. Moon.

Lupus, Saint
19 B xvii, £ 240 *
Harl. 2967, £ 210
19,962, £ 169
Eg. 1073, £ 100
Lure for hawks
10 E iv, ff. 78, etc.
19,720, £ 264 *
Luther (Martin)
preaching
+4727, f- 1
Luxury personified
19 C i, £ 32
Harl. 4373, £ 88*
Lycurgus, bones of
Harl. 1766, £ 14*
Lydgate (John), portrait
Harl. 1766, £ 5
Slo. 2452
Lying in State
28,962, f. 383*
Aug. A y, £ 425 *
Naw E ii, £ 317*
20 D ii, £ 301
See Ecclesiastical Cere
monies : — Burial.

M
Macarius, Saint, mar
tyrdom of
11,870, £ 67
Maccabees, Book of
1 E ix, £ 247 *
{15 D iii, £ 248*
Battles of the
Harl. 4382, ff. 133 b, 143
18,851, £ 266

MA

205

MA

Maccabees, (continued.)
Battle of the " Five comely
men with golden bridles "
Harl. 4382, £ 154*
Letter of the Jews of Jeru
salem delivered to the Jews of
Egypt Harl. 4382, £ 148
{15 D iii, £ 422 *
Machinery, various
Harl. 3281
Harl. 6205, £ 23
Hydraulic
24,945, ff- 1 95, "etc.
Harl. 3281
Inflating machine
24,945, f- 247 *
Military
19 Di, £ in
+"24,945
Maclou, Saint
19,962, £ 168 *
Macrobius, Saturnalia of
Harl. 2715
Magi, The
Harl. 4751, £ 16 *
11,865, £ 1
{15,815, £ 13*
29,735, f- 28 *
17 C xxxvii, £ 18
Star appearing to
Harl. 3240, £ 12 *
Travelling to Bethlehem
Nero C iv, £ 12
Journey to Bethlehem
Lans. 42o,_ £ 8
Harl. 3571, ff. 24, 24*
Ar. 302, ff. 165*, 166*, 167*
Harl. 3000, £74
Before Herod
Nero C iv, £ n
Ar. 157, £ 4

Magi, (continued.)
Lans. 420, f. 8
1 D x, f. 2
20,694, £ 55 *
Led by angel
{Eg. 1 139, £ 2*
Angel appearing to
Ar. 157, £ 4*
Lans. 420, £ 8 *
1 D x, £ 2 *
17,280, £ 197 *
Returning {11,865, f- 40
17,280, £ 198
Magician calling up a
devil 6 E v, £ 535 *
In magic circle
Tib. A vii, ff. 42, 44
Magnentius, death of
Harl. 1766, £ 195 *
Magpie
6 Evi, £ 128
Mahomet, figure of
17 C xxxviii, £ 33
Teaching Harl. 1766, £ 223
Death of
Harl. 1766, £ 224
Malachi, figure of
Lans. 381, £ 8
Harl. 4382, £ 132 *
17 E vii, £ 376*
19 D ii, £ 403 *
1 E ix, £ 239 *
15 D iii, £ 409*
Malchus(?)
Harl. 4374, £ 1
Mallet
Harl. 603, £ 50

MA

206

MA

Mambres and Iamnes,
illustration of the history of
Tib. B v, £ 87 *
Mamertinus, Saint, bap
tism of
20 D vi, £ 232 *
Man, ages of
17 E iii, £ 80
Ar. 83
Man-Bull
13 B viii, £ 19
Manacles Harl. 4375, £ 1
Mandeville (Sir John),
illustrated travels of, 1366
{24,189
{17 C xxxviii
Portrait of
24,189, £ 3
Mandragora, the, or man
drake root
{Slo. 278, £ 48 *
Harl. 4986, £ 44
Slo. 1975, £ 57 (female)
Method of obtaining the
Vitel. C iii, £ 57*
Slo. 1975, f. 49
Harl. 5294, ff. 43, 46*
Harl. 1585, £ 57
Manger, a
1 E ix, £ 254*
See Jesus Christ : — Nativity.

Manna, fall of
17,280, f. 97
Manticora, a fabulous
creature 11,283, f- 8
{12 C xix, £ 29 *
12 F xiii, £ 24
Slo. 3544, £ 11
Mantua, view of the city of
Eg. 1065, £ 116*
Manumission, ceremony
of
12,023, f- 29
Ar. 439, £ 192
Marcellinus, Saint
17,006, £ 156 *
19 B xvii, £ 113 *
Marcellus, Saint
19 B xvii, £ 46
18,192, £ 219 *
Eg. 1070, £ 106 *
Martyrdom of
Harl. 2897, £ 283*
Marcus, Saint, Pope
18,851, £ 470*
Mark (Anthony), por
trait of
22,318, £ 2
Scenes from life
Harl. 1766, ff. 156*, etc.

MARGARET, Saint. — This Saint is usually repre
sented as accompanied by a dragon, from whose body, burst
asunder, she is sometimes emerging. This alludes to a iegend
which forms part of the story of her martyrdom. Her death is
seldom depicted ; and, indeed, we have only one instance of it
in the list, in which, however, the details of her passion are given
at considerable length.

21,926, £ 9 *
24,686, £ 2 *

28,784 A, ff. 72, 76
23,145, f- 40

MA

207

MA

Margaret, (continued.)
24,681, £ 18*
28,784 B, f. 8
19 B xvii, f. 157*
20 D vi, f. 228
4836, £ 192
12,231, £ 1*
17,012, £ 42 *
17,280, £365
17,353, f- 142*
18,851, £ 406*
18,854, £ 148 *
19,416, £ 144*
19,962, £ 177
22,590, f. 250
+ 24,153, f- 125*
25,710, £ 82
27,697, £ 100*
z9,433, f- 214*
28,785, £ 174*
Ar. 318, f. 32*
Dom. A xvii, £ 149
Tib. B iii, 146 *
Eg. 1066, £ 10 *
Eg. 1068, £ 89*
Eg. 1070, f. 95 *
Eg. 1 147, £ 225* (with dove)
Eg. 2019, £ 216
Harl. 318, £ 8*
Harl. 1 21 1, £ 87*
Harl. 1251, £ 53*
Harl. 2846, £ 48 *
Harl. 2900, £ 63
Harl. 2919, £ 147*
Harl. 2929, £ 129

Margaret, (continued)
Harl. 2935, f. 116
Harl. 2948, £ 178
Harl. 2962, £ 39 *
Harl. 2974, £ 165 *
Harl. 2985, £ 37 *
Harl. 2989, £ 125
Harl. 3000, £ 42 *
Harl. 5049, £ 64
Harl. 5370, £ 168*
Kings 7, £ 100
Kings 9, f. 62 *
Slo. 2418, £ 137
Slo. 2471, £ 43 *
Slo. 2474, £ 31
Slo. 2565, £ 29*
Slo. 2571, £ 21
Slo. 2633, f. 35 *
Slo. 2916, f, 126*
2 A xviii, £ 1 7 *
Life and martyrdom
5347
Margaret, Saint, "Pela-
gienne "
19 B xvii, £ 283 *
Margaret, of France,
Duchess of Savoy, figure of,
a.d. 1560
Slo. 2421
Margaret of Scotland,
Dauphiness
15,30°, f- 1

MARK, Saint, the Evangelist. — With one or two
unimportant exceptions, this Saint only appears in his character
of Evangelist, when he is shown writing at a desk, and is
accompanied by his well known symbol, the winged lion. As
is the case with those of the other Evangelists, these pictures
begin at a very early date, and continue throughout the whole
range of Christian art.

Nero D iv
11,848, £ 147
Harl. 2788, f. 71 *
Tib. Aii, f. 72 *
Harl. 5785, £ 144*

4949, £ 80 *
22,740, £ 93*
Harl. 2804, £ 189*
Harl. 2820, £ 78
Harl. 2821, £ 67*

MA

208

MA

Mark, (continued)
Eg. 608, £ 59 *
{11,838, f. 86*
11,850, £ 61 *
{Burn. 19, £ 62 *
Harl. 1810, f. 93 *
Harl. 2970, £ 2 *
Harl. 5647
14,813, £ 38*
{Burn. 20, £ 90 *
17,046, £ 2
22,506
23,145, f- 19
17 E vu, £ 413
18 D viii, £ 45 *
19 B xvii, f. 2
19 B xvii, £ m
19 C ii, £ 139
19 D ii, £ 440
4836, ff. 4*, 20
11,865. ff. 2 *, 10*
11,866, ff. 17*, 162*
14,803, £ 10 *
i5,677, f- 39
15,815, f- 39*
16,907, f. 96
17,280, £ 20*
+ i7,353, f- 32*
18,192, ff. 181 *, 211 *
18,851, £364
{18,852, £ 189
18,854, ff. 16, 17
19,962, £ 16
20,916 (several forms)
25,695, £ 21
27,697, f. 17*
27,698, £ 2
{28,785, £ 24
28,762, £ 33*
29,433, ff. 16*, 201 *
30,038, £ 184
Eg. 859, £ 19
Eg 1 147, f- 39*
Eg. 1070, ff. 13*, 91
Eg. 2019, £ 19
Harl. 2799, £ 166*
Harl. 2877, £ 17 *
Harl. 2863, £ 19*
{Harl. 2900, £ 23*

Mark, (continued)
Harl. 2915, £ 10*
Harl. 2917, £ 18
Harl. 2924, £ 23
Harl. 2929, £ 18*
Harl. 2933, £ 36
Harl. 2934, £ 19
Harl. 2935, £ 112*
Harl. 2948, £ 37
Harl. 2950, £ 21
Harl. 2952, £ 124 (gris.)
Harl. 2962, £ 29 *
Harl. 2969, £ 12 *
Harl. 2971, £ 17*
{Harl. 3216, £ 107 *
Harl. 3403
Harl. 5049, £ 11 *
Harl. 5328, £ 18 *
Harl. 5731, £ 57 *
Harl. 5764, £ 1
{Harl. 5790, £ 87*
Kings 6, £ 18*
Kings 156
{Lans. 1179, £ 65*
Lans. 1 179, £ 76
15 D iii, £ 445*
Slo. 2418, £ 16*
Slo. 2419, £ 13
Slo. 2468, £ 20
Slo. 2605, £ 9 *
Before the Pope
20,694, f. 17
Martyrdom 20 D vi, £ 63 *
{Harl. 2897, £ 282 *
Lion of, a.d. 1543
+ 27,933
Marque (Francois de),
portrait of
Harl. 13 19, f. 2
Mars
11,866, £ 3*
Marseilles, fortress of
{Aug. Av, f. 51*

MA

209

MA

Martha, Saint
28,784 A, f. 76
19 B xvii, £.186
15,682, ff. 33*, 190* (fish
for emblem)
18,851, £ 417
Death of
15,682, £ 213*

Martial, Saint, Bishop
of Limoges
8 F viii, £ 163
2o'D vi, £ 139 *
11,866, £ 166
Lans. 1 179, £ 60
Martial, illustration to
works of
12,004

MARTIN, Saint, of Tours. — The majority of pictures
of this Saint represent him simply as a bishop ; and the only
events of his life recorded in miniatures are the well known
division of his cloak with a beggar at the gate of Amiens, and
the legend of the apparition of Satan in the form of Christ to
him, on which occasion the devil was driven away by a
characteristic rebuke administered by the Saint, who was not
to be deceived by his wiles. The only instance of this latter
picture in our dictionary is of the nth century.

11,662, £ 3
17,006, f. 187 *
21,965, f- 5
Harl. 2897, f. 435
19 B xvii, £ 312
4836, £ 186
11,865, £ 6
11,866, £ 174*
15,813, £ 270
15,815, £ 64*
17,280, f. 359
18,192, £ 217
19,962, £ 168
22,590, £ 248
{24,153, £ 104*
25,697, f- 361
28,785, £ 171*
29,433, f- 210
29,704, £ 14
29,735, f- 161 *
Tib. B iii, £ 142 *
Eg.' 1070, £ 107
Harl. 2948, £ 175
Harl. 2989, £ 121
{Kings 9, £ 49 *
Lans. 1179, £ 277*
Slo. 2321, £ 140

Dividing his cloak
20 D vi, £ 107
{15,219, £ 12
16,907, £ 266 *
Vision of the devil simu
lating Christ
{Cal. A xiv, £ 29
Translation 20 D vi, £ 119
Martin, Saint, of Vertau
Eg. 745, f- 73
Martinian, Saint, mar
tyrdom of
Harl. 2897, £ 328 *
Martyrs
{6 E ix, £ 8
{Tib. B iii, ff. 142, 142 *
17,353, f- 136*
The ten thousand
18,851, £ 385*
Harl. 5049, £ 113* 15

MA 210 MA
MARY, Saint, the Blessed Virgin. — Next to her
Divine Son, the Virgin Mother holds the highest place in the
estimation of mediaeval artists as a subject for art. Repre
sentations of her may be classified in a similar manner to those
of Our Lord ; viz. : as Historical and Mystical, and these we will
proceed to take in detail.
I. Historical. — Such is the meagreness of the information
supplied by the Bible with respect to any events of the life
of the Blessed Virgin in which Jesus Christ is not actually
implicated, that the majority in this class are derived from
traditional sources, and are commonly considered legendary
and apocryphal. The falsity of everything that does not appear
in Holy Scripture is, however, no necessary corollary to the
truth of the Bible ; so without expressing any opinion one way
or the other, we may place in their regular order, with the
circumstances mentioned in the more authentical records, a
series of events which are certainly founded upon very ancient
tradition, if on nothing better. The life of Our Lady thus
begins with her Nativity (for pictures relating to the Immaculate
Conception are either classified under her parents, Saints Anne
and Joachim, or belong more properly to the Mystical division).
Pictures of this event are mostly late (as are all those relating to
her earlier life), and present few peculiarities to distinguish
them from other Birth Scenes. Her Presentation in the
temple, or Dedication, often forms a beautiful picture, and
generally shows her as a little maiden of apparently seven or
eight years old (according to the story she was three years of
age) ascending the fifteen steps leading to the temple, and
there received by the High Priest. The Sposalizio or Marriage
of the Virgin to Saint Joseph, is a subject the treatment of
which is well known from Raphael's beautiful picture in the Brera
at Milan. Earlier forms of the same subject carry to greater
lengths the anachronisms of costume and surroundings which
Raphael has by no means avoided. These often represent the
event as occurring at the door of a fifteenth century church,
and the ceremony as being performed according to the use of
Sarum (or of whatever rite may have been prevalent in the
home of the artist). The next event in the series is the most
important of all : the Annunciation. Strictly speaking, it should
form part of the series of Jesus Christ, as being the beginning
of the Incarnation, but in all pictures the Blessed Virgin is so
completely (if one may use the term reverently) the heroine of
the subject, that it must needs be more associated with her than
with her Son. Into these pictures, from a very early date, artists
have been accustomed to throw all their powers, whether of
skill, beauty, or devotion; and, indeed, great opportunities are
afforded by the subject. A discussion of the varieties of repre
sentation would occupy too much space. The chief differences
are, whether the event takes place indoors or out of doors ; and

MA 211 MA
whether the Virgin receives the message standing, kneeling, or
sitting. The earlier pictures, following Byzantine traditions,
represent her standing and out of doors, but so early as the
fourteenth century at least, many variations are introduced, and
the latest pictures show the event as taking place in a well
furnished bedroom, while Our Lady kneels at a prit-dieu.
Another variable point is the introduction of the Dove or of
the Father in the clouds above, sometimes with rays emanating
from either of them, indicating the subject of the picture in a
manner only possible in ages of greater faith and reverence than
the present. Next in order comes the event recorded in the
same chapter of Saint Luke as the Annunciation, the Visitation
or meeting with Saint Elizabeth. These pictures afford very
little scope for variety, and merely show the two expectant
mothers embracing, with sometimes Saint Joseph and Zacharias
in the background. Here again details are often indicated with
the simple-minded literalness peculiar to the middle ages. After
this we find no sets of illustrations to be classified under the
name of the Virgin herself, until we arrive at the end of her
life. In all other events she appears as a subordinate personage,
or only among a number of others, while her Son occupies the
chief place, and gives the name to the event. The pictures of
the death of Our Lady generally differ but little from other
death-bed scenes which introduce a religious element. The
Virgin lies on a bed, while the Apostles stand round her, and
Saint Peter, often attired as Pope, administers the last Sacra
ments, or recites the commendatory prayers. But in some cases
the figure of our Lord appears, and, receiving the soul of His
mother in the conventional form of a child, bears it away with
Him to heaven. (This occurs in 'an early instance in Harl.
1810.) There are a few instances of the Entombment of the
Virgin, and one (in the Bedford Missal) of the legend of the
punishment of the Jewish high priest who attempted to over
throw the bier. Of the Assumption there are many instances,
but there is little variety of detail. Some pictures show below
the tomb filled with flowers, others only the astonished Apostles
beholding the Assumption itself, and a few give the incident of
the delivery to Saint Thomas of the girdle, which after many
adventures is said to rest in safety in the Capella delta Santissima
Cintola, at Prato in Italy. The series closes with a large set of
pictures representing the Coronation of Our Lady. It is a
question whether this is not more strictly mystical than historical,
and there are many who look upon it as typifying the- final
glorification of the Church, rather than representing an event.
But it so often follows the Assumption as part of a series that it
is better not to separate them. It will be seen from the notes
appended to ' the references that there are various differences of
detail in this subject. The pictures have been divided by some
into two classes, those which do and those which do not include

MA 212 MA
"saints, angels, and other spectators, the latter being treated as
mystical; but judging by the indiscriminate way in which
either kind takes its place among other events, there appears
to be little reason in such a division, which would really only
make the earlier pictures mystical and the later historical. In
some pictures the Blessed Virgin kneels, in some she sits beside
her Son, in others she is crowned by the Holy Trinity instead of
by Christ alone. The subject was always a favourite, and some
of" the finest pictures in existence (several for example by the
greatest of religious artists, Fra Angelico da Fiesoli) represent
this climax to the life of her whom " all generations have called
Blessed." II. Mystical. — Under this heading are included all such
pictures as represent a doctrine or quality, or a continuous state
of being, rather than any definite event. The first of these
consist of simple emblematic pictures, showing her either in a
nimbus or glory or merely appear as a portrait. Of these there is
little definite to be said. The costume is generally founded on
the Byzantine type, with a long flowing robe and a veil or wimple,
and, as may be supposed, the artist has generally endeavoured
to represent that expression of purity and tenderness which has
been always held to be appropriate to the Virgin Mother. Then
we have two pictures representing emblematically, but some
what materialistically, the Immaculate Conception. These
should perhaps have been placed with pictures of Saint Anne,
as she is apparently the most important figure, but the context
of the pictures has led us to arrange them as we have done.
Next to these are pictures which we have called Sine labe
originali Concepta, taking the expression used in the Litany of
Loretto, and applying it to the class of representation so familiar
to everyone from those beautiful works of Murillo, known
by the unmeaning title of "The Immaculate Conception."
After this comes one instance of a Greek picture, to which for
want of a better term we have given the anti-Nestorian name
©eoroKos. This is an emblematic representation referring to the
period between the Annunciation and the first Christmas Day,
and resembles, mutatis mutandis, the pictures of the preceding '
class. The next set is that very large collection of pictures of
various forms which represent the Mother of God holding in
her arms her Divine Babe. It is not known when this form of
portrait originated, but it is generally referred to the period of
the Nestorian heresy, and the Third General Council, at about
which time those of the orthodox party were accustomed to
show their Catholicity by the use of these pictures. There are
some who would trace in these representations a connection
with the Egyptian figures of Isis and Horus, or with the Indian
figures of Buddha and his virgin mother, but in the absence of
any historical proof of the connection, nothing but a desire to
find plagiarism of paganism in everything Christian could lead

MA 213 MA
one to regard as other than very natural coincidences,
resemblances between some few out of many thousands of
pictures of such a very simple subject as a woman holding a
child. Some of the earliest portraits of the Virgin and Child
extant have been attributed to Saint Luke, but there is nothing
to show that a literal portrait was ever painted by him, though
he has given us by means of her own Canticle a word-portrait
of Our Lady which has inspired all sacred artists from his day
to our own. There are many varieties of this class of picture ;
more perhaps than of any other except the Crucifixion of Jesus
Christ. They fall naturally into two divisions : the one rather
of the nature of a portrait, wherein the Mother is seated on
a throne, sometimes accompanied by saints or angels, and
generally directing her attention to her Infant; and the other
of a more glorified and mystical type, in which she stands
among clouds and gazes straight before her with that strange
far-away look in her eyes so well known in Raphael's Madonna
di San Sisto. Among the latter there are found several in
which a background of wavy nebulous rays projects in a vesica
form around the figure, which stands upon a crescent, and whose
head sometimes bears a starry crown (see {15,281, £ 65*).
This is intended to pourtray the description of the Blessed
Virgin given by Saint John in the Apocalypse, "And there
appeared a great wonder in heaven, a woman clothed with the
sun, and having the moon under her feet, and round her head
twelve stars." Next to, and closely connected with these, come
illustrations of the Holy Family. These are mostly of late
date, and are too well known from many of the works of
Raphael, Murillo, and Perugino, to say nothing of hosts of other
artists, to need description. The next set represents the sad
moment when the prophecy of Simeon was fulfilled, and the
Mother held the dead body of her Son in her arms. These
pictures are best known by their Italian name Pieta. The
subject was not common in England, though occasionally found
(see "Journal of the' British Archaeological Association," Vol.
XXXIV, p. 348), but in Flemish, French, and Italian Manu
scripts, as well as in Italian and German paintings and
engravings, it is very common. It represents an imaginary
scene intermediate in time between the Descent from the Cross
and the Entombment of Jesus Christ, but also has mystical
reference to the Holy Eucharist. Closely associated with this
subject is that termed " Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows," a
mystical representation showing the Virgin with her breast
pierced by seven swords, in allusion to the seven sorrowful
events of her life. There is one picture in our list entitled
Sancta Maria ad Nives, which refers emblematically to, though
it does not in this case represent as an event, the miracle accom
panying the foundation of the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore
-at Rome, and, in the Breviary in which it occurs, forms the

MA

214

MA

initial to the Propria for the day which commemorates the
circumstance (August 5th). The rest of the pictures in our list
are sufficiently expressed by their, title, and need no further
description.

/. HISTORICAL.
Series of Life of
Slo. 1977, £ 9*
29,43429,902, £ 10
Harl. 3571 (legend
ary and Scriptural)
Miracles 10 E iv, £ 260, etc.
15,682, £ 144
Birth Cal. A xiv, £ 26 *
22,279, f- 11 *
30,072, £ 254*
Harl. 2449, 243
{Harl. 2897, f. 385
Harl. 3240, £ 7 *
Harl. 4996, £ 7
19 B xvii, £ 243
4836, f. 9
11,865, f. 5
i5,525, f- 17
15,813,256*16,907, £ 210 *
18,851, £ 451*
19,897, f. 252*
21,235, £ H3
29,735, f- 151
Ar. 120, £ 7 *
Eg. 1070, £ 101 *
Eg. 2019, f. 30
Harl. 629, £ 1 *
Slo. 961, £ 13
Presented in Temple
' 22,279, f. 12
Harl. 3240, £ 8 *
(O. T. type)
Harl. 4996, £ 8 (O
T. type)
4836, £ 30
i5,525, f- 18
17,012, £ 104 *
i9,4i7, f- 233

20,729, £ 18*
23,774, f- 202
28,962, £ 329
Ar. 120, f.8*(0. T.
types) Ar. 341, £ 75
Harl. 2846, £ 118*
Harl. 2989, £ 27
Harl. 3000, £ 89 *
Harl. 7026, £ 22
Kings 6, £ 27 (priest
in cope and mitre)
Kings 9, £ 137
Slo. 961, £ 13
Slo. 2471, £ 94*
Slo. 2565, £ 76
Marriage
22,279, f- 13
Harl. 3240, £ 9*(0.
T type)
Harl. 4996, £ 9 (O.
T. type)
4836, f. 30
i5,525, f- 21 (priest
wrapping stole around
the hands)
20,729, £ 19* (priest
in mitre)
24,075, f- 34
25,885, £ 3
27,697, £ 29
29,7°4, f- 13
Harl. 2989, £ 27
Kings 6, £ 2 7 (priest
in cope and mitre)
Slo. 2605, £ 17 (priest
in crossed stole and
mitre) Annunciation 30,844, £ 41
Harl. 2821, £ 22
Eg. 608, £ 20
{Eg. 1 139, f. 1

Nero C iv, £ 10
{Harl. 1810, £ 142
Lans. 381, £ 1 *
17,868, f. 14*
21,114, £ 8*
24,683. f. 9 *
28,784 A, £ 14*
28,784 B, £ 2
Ar. 157, £ 3
Cal. A vii, £ 4
Harl. 2930, £ 10*
Lans. 420, £ 7
1 D x, £ 1
2 A iii, £ 8 *
2 A xxii, £ 1 2 *
2 B iii, £ 9 *
2 B vi, £ 8
11,843, f-3*
{16,975, £ 16
17,444, f- 86*
19,587, f- 77
2i,973, f- 32
22,279, f- 13*
22,280, f. 9
+ 23,145, f- 44
24,681, ff. 15 *, 20
30,072, £ 142
Eg- 745, f- 3° *
Harl. 2449, £ 127
Harl. 2979, f. 20
Harl. 3240, "f. 10 *
(O. T. type)
Harl. 3978, £ 6*
Harl. 4996, £ 44
Eg. 1066, £ 11
Kings 5, £ 1 (O. T.
types) 15 D ii, £ 3
19 B xvii, £91
19 C i, ff. 29, 156
11,867, f- 1
+ i6,997, f- 21
{15,677, ff. 23, 52
{17,026, £ 81

MA

215

MA

Mary, (continued.)
18,751, f- 37
19,416, f-37* (angel
in cope)
25,695, f- 29
27,697, ff- 29, 77 *
29,706, £ 32
t29,735, ff- 7, 123*
{29,887, £ 14
+ 29,903, f- 8
30,038, £ 27
30,059, £ 29
Eg. 1070, ff. 15 *, 89
Eg. 1 147, f- 49
Harl. 5i2,ff. 89,89*
Harl. 2950, £ 33
Harl. 441 1, £ 1
{16 G iii, £ 18*
{2 A xviii, £ 23*
(with two worshippers)
2 A xviii, £ 34
Slo. 2683, £ 25 *
Harl. 1251, £ 5 *
Harl. 2915, £ 14*
18,213, £ 22
15,216, £ 7*
{Eg. 2019, £ 30
Harl. 2863, £ 30
Harl. 2947, £ 8
Harl. 2999, £ 23
Slo. 961, £ 13
{Eg. 1068, £ 14
{18,854, £ 27
{Harl. 2974, £ 20
Slo. 2468, £ 22
Harl. 2989, £ 27
{Harl. 2972, £ 14
Burn. 352, £ 105
Harl. 2948, f. 39
(Gabriel very young)
{Slo. 2605, £ 17
{Harl. 2969, £ 38
Slo. 2419, f. 22
11,865, £ 2
16,998, £ 17
Harl. 2887, ff. 29
55 * (figures on pe
destals) {Harl. 2936, f. 15

29,704, ff. 2 (Gabriel
with six wings, as a
seraph); 37
+ 29,433, f- 20
Harl. 2921, £ 23*
20,694, £ 20
{18,851, £ 354
2 Bxv, ff. 15*, 53*,
58 *, 63
i5,52S, ff- 12, 22
Harl. 1662, £ 17 *
4836, £ 3 *; 30
Harl. 2935, £ 21
Harl. 2865, £ 13
Harl. 5762, £ 22
Harl. 5370, £ 33
Harl. 5328, £ 25
Harl. 2919, £ 47
Slo. 2692, £ 22 *
(gris-) Slo. 2732, £ 14
19,962, £ 42
Slo. 2916, £ 137 *
Kings 8, £ 1
22,590, f. 67*
Ar. 316, £ 52*
. 15,265, £ 10* (Tri
nity above)
17,943, f- 13
19,417, £ 15*
15,528, £ 13*
25,697, f- 281
15,815, f- 39
29,706, £ 32
{28,785, £ 30
{Harl. 2877, f. 29
{Harl. 2867, £ 21
2i,9°9, f- 13
{Harl. 2924, £ 38
11,866, £ 19
16,91418,197, £ e
Kings 7, £ 10
{28,962, £ 336*
27,698, £ 4
18,853, f- 19
28,271, £ 12
28,681, £ 7 *
16,968. f. 10

2 A viii, £ 16 *
22,720, ff. 16, 54 *
(curious angel)
Harl. 2952, f. 126
(giis-) Harl. 2854, £ 154*
Ar. 203, f. 8 *
Ar. 341, £ 23
Ar.302, £ 139 * (an
gel clad in feathers)
{Slo. 2321, ff. 41, 122
Harl. 2971, £ 26
Harl. 2959, £ 22
Slo. 2803, £ 29
Harl. 2966, £ 14*
Harl. 2943, £ 17 *
15,267, £ 15 *
Harl. 2923, £ 39 *
24,075, £ 280*
{16 G iii, £ 18*
Harl. 2916, £ 26
Harl. 2933, £ 45
19,897, £ 224
Harl. 5049, £ 16
14,803, £22
Harl. 2918, £ 25
Harl. 2922, £ 25
19,417, £ 15*
15,702, £ 26
15,525, £ 22
20,729, £ 32*
Harl. 1662, £ 17*
{Kings 9, £ 66 *
Harl. 2968, £ 27 *
25,693, f- 4
Slo. 2605, £ 17
{Slo. 2418, £ 25
Kings 6, £ 27
21,235, f- 23*
25,710, £ 15
15,813, f- 230*
15,711, £ 99*
24,153, f-'92*
{18,852, £ 194*
19,738, £ 32 (gris.)
12,231, £ 21
Harl. 3000, £ 45
Harl. 2884, £ 22.*
Harl. 2876, £ 7

MA
Mary, (continued)
Harl. 12 1 1, £ 20*
Harl. 2858, £ 34*
Harl. 5781, £ 31
25,885, f. 3
Harl. 2853, £ 35 *
Harl. 2998, f. 17
Harl. 2846, f. 50 *
{Harl. 2940, f. 38
Harl. 2900, ff. 25
200 (with worshipper)
{18,192, £ 19
Visitation {Eg. 1 139, £ 1*
Nero C iv, £ 10
17,868, f. 15
28,784 A, £ 23 *
Ar. 157, £ 3
Calig. A vii, £ 6 *
Harl. 928, £ 4
Lans. 420, £ 7
1 D x, £ 1
2 A xxii, £ 13
11,843, £ 3*
+ i6,975, f- 16*
{23,145, £ 67
24,681, £ 31 *
Ar. 83, f. 130*
Nero D ii, £ 28
Eg. 1066, £ 25*
19 C i, £ 156 *
11,867, f- 21
{16,997, £ 44*
18,213, £ 28
18,751, f- 58
{18,852, £ 218*
{18,854, £ 40*
25,695, f- 62
27,697, f- 39
3°,059, f- 51*
Eg. 1070, f. 29 *
Eg. 1 147, £ 71
Harl. 2915, £ 20 *
Harl. 2950, £ 49
Harl. 2974, £ 39
Harl. 2996, £ 44*
Slo. 961, £ 24
{Slo. 2468, £ 32 *

2l6
Eg. 2045, £ 61 *
17,026, £ 97
19,416, f. 46*
17,280, £168* .
i5,o77, f- 64
{Harl. 2924, £ 54*
11,866, £ 34*
Kings 7, £ 22
27,698, f. 6
18,853, £28*
Harl. 2989, £ 36 *
Burn. 352, f. 44
Harl. 2948, £ 59
Slo. 2605, £ 23 *
Harl. 2969, £ 50*
{11,865, £ 23*
Harl. 2887, £ 28 *
{Eg. 2019, f. 56
Harl. 2955, £ 23*
Harl. 2999, £ 31
{Harl. 2877, f- 37
{21,909, £ 25
29,433, f- 43 *
Harl. 2921, £ 31 *
Harl. 2934, £ 34
20,694, £ 34
18,851, ff. 195*, 399
2 B xv, ff. 15 *, 21 *
48*, 53*
4836, £ 53
Harl. 2935, f, 35
Harl. 2865, f. 18
Harl. 5762, £ 44
Harl. 5370, £ 48*
Harl. 5328, £ 35 *
Slo. 2732, £ 22 *
Kings 8, £ 14*
22,590. £ 88
17,943, f- 22
15,815, £ 46
29,7°6, £ 32
{28,785, £ 42 *
16,968, £ 13
Harl. 2952, £ 134*
(gris.) Ar. 341, £ 31
{Slo. 2321, £ 45 *
19,73s, £ 42 (gris.)
Harl. 3000, £ 51

MA
Harl. 2884, £ 46 *
Harl. 2876, £ 25 *
Harl. 2853, £ 55 *
Harl. 2998, £ 24*
Harl. 2846, £ 61
Harl. 2900, £ 36
{18,192, £ 40*
{Harl. 2971, £ 46*
Harl. 2999, f. 31
Harl. 2923, £ 49 *
Harl. 2916, £ 37
Harl. 2933, f. 61 *
Harl. 5049, £ 30
14,803, £ 29
Harl. 2918, £ 44*
15,525, f- 23
20,729, £ 33 *
{Kings 9, £ 76*
25,693, f- 5
Slo. 2605, £ 23 *
{Slo. 2418, £ 33
Kings 6, £ 48
25,710, £ 20
15,813, £ 242 *
.15,711, £ 66
24,i53, f- 92*
Coming to Bethle
hem with Saint Jo
seph 24,075, f- 34
And Saint Joseph
refused at the Inn
24,075, f- 34
WithinfantChrist,
Saint Joseph return
ing from the temple
Kings 6, £ 70
17,280, £ 221 *
And Saint John at
foot of Cross
14,803, £ 20
See Jesus Christ: —
Crucifixion.

MA

217

MA

Mary, (continued.)
With Saint John
AND ANGELS
{17,280, £ 238*
Harl. 1892, f . 5 *
With Apostles,
gazing after Jesus
tfero C iv, £ 27
See Jesus Christ : —
Ascension.
Death of
. {Harl. 1810, £ 174
(Jesus receiving soul)
{Eg. 1 139, f. 13
Nero C iv, £ 29
Harl. 2930, £ 14*
2 B iii, £ 50 *
20 D vi,f. 184 (J. C.
. receiving soul)
i6,975, f- 23
17,006, £ 173
17,-144, f- i34*
22,279, f. 17
28,784 B, £ 15
+ 29,253, f- 379
30,072, £ 232
Harl. 2449, £ 230*
(J. C. receiving soul)
Harl. 2891, £ 279
Harl. 2897, £ 366 *
19 C i, £ 100*
11,865, £ 44*
i5,265,£ 129* (J. C.
holding her soul)
15,525, f- i°4
17,280, £ 130
17,524, f- 137 *
{18,193, £ 56*
{15,854, £78*
{25,887, £ 273*
30,038, f- 53 *
{28,962, £ 342 *
29,704, f- 16
Harl. 2876, £ 43*
Harl. 2982, £ 44
Harl. 5049, £ 51

Kings 6, f. 79 *
Slo. 2605, £ 46 *
Entombment 21,114, £ 10 *
21,936, £ 24*
18,192, £ 84
Assumption
{Harl. 2908,' f. 123*
17,739, f- 17*
2i,973, f- 93*
29,902, £ 4
Harl. 2449, £ 223
Harl. 2928, £ 15*
19 B xvii, £ 216
{20 B ii, £ 1
4836, £ 8
15,682, ff. 105-122
15,813, f- 253
15,815, £ 52
+ i6,997, f- 163
16,998, £ 29
17,280, f. 130
18,197, f- I
18,853, f- 61
19,897, f- 248
20,729, £ 136*
22,494, f- 35
125,693, f- 5i
28,271, £ 52 *
129,735, f- 148
{3°,oi4, f- 124*
Eg. 1070, £ 99
Harl. 2876, £ 43 *
Harl. 2887, £ 25 *
Harl. 2887, £ 28 *
{Harl. 2936, £ 51
Harl. 5049, £ 107
2 B xii, f. 23
2 B xiii, £ 30*
2 B xv, ff. 15*, 53*
Received into
Heaven
Harl. 2835, £ 226
Giving girdle •• to
Saint Thomas
29,704, £ 16
2 B xv, £ 53 *

Coronation 21,114, f- 10*
21,926, £ 24*
28,784 B, £ 7*
Harl. 928, f. 63
Harl. 2930, £ 14 *
17,006, £ 173*
17,444, £ 142
22,279, £ 17*
23,145, f- 123
28,784 B f. 15
{Ar. 83, £ 135 *
Harl. 3240, £ 39 *
Harl. 4996, £ 36 (O.
T. types)
Kings 5, £ 28 (O. T.
types) 19 B xvii, £ 5
19 C i, £ 100*
4836, £ 100 *
(crowned by angel be
fore J. C, who wears a
bishop's mitre)
1 1,867, f- 54*(seated
with Trinity as equal)
15,525, f- 105
17,280, £ 34* (with
Trinity) 18,751, £ 103
18,851, £ 301
{18,851, £ 437
i6,997, f- 84*
20,694, £ 71 *
25,695, f- J47
{28,785, £ 91
29,433, f- 83
29,895, £ 126* (by
the Trinity)
Dom. A xvii, f. 149
(with saints below)
Eg. 1070, £ 41 *
.{Eg. 2045, £ 115 *
Harl. 2865, £ 34
Harl. 2934, £ 74
Harl. 2935, £ 80*
(coronation- by angel
before God the Father)
Harl. 5370, £ 116*
Harl. 5762, £ 8^

MA

218

MA

Mary, (continued.)
Kings 8, £ 47 *
2 B xv, ff. 15 *, 49*,
53* Slo.- 961, £ 62
Slo 2732 B, £ 51
16,968, £ 31 *
Harl. 2855, £ 236*
Slo. 2726, £ 92 *
Harl. 3000, £ 82 *
Harl. 2884, £ 102 *
Harl. 2876, f. 47
Harl. 2917, £ 70
Harl. 2846, f. 105 *
{Harl. 2900, £ 97 *
(crowned by seraph)
{Harl. 2971, £ 78*
Harl. 2999, £ 57
Harl. 2975, £ 225
Harl. 5049, £ 55
Harl. 2918, £ 77
15,525, £ 105
20,729, £ no *
Slo. 2418, £ 74
Kings 6, £ 79 *
25,710, £ 32
24,153, f-92*
Eg. 2oi9,ff.98, 234*
Harl. 2955, £ 56
Harl. 2999, £ 57
{Harl. 2877, £ 68*
(crowned by angels
only) 21,909, £ 61
Harl. 2924, £ 98*
11,866, £ 58
Kings 7, £ 48
27,698, £ 12
Harl. 7026, £ 22
{Eg. 1068, £41
Harl. 2974, £ 83
Harl. 2980, £ 32 *
Burn 352, £ 97
{Harl. 2948, £ 89
{Harl. 2969, £ 79
2 B xiii, £34
{29,704, ff. 15
(crowned by Father,
holding crucifix, with

dove, surrounded by
all saints) ; 16
II. MYSTICAL.
Figure Nero C iv, f. 30
Faust. B vii, £ 52
{22,493, f- 2
Eg. 943, f- 184*
{Harl. 4996, £ 36*
(on crescent in glory)
15 D ii, £ 152
11,865, ff 4*, 13*
15,265, £ 11
I5,45615,815, £ 50
23,774, f- 202
29,704, f- 35
Eg. 940, f. 2 *
Slo. 2471, £ 103*
{6 E ix, £ 5 (kneeling
with crown)
{15,281, £ 65* (on
crescent in glory)
i5,52S, f- M (seated
on throne)
Seated with Jesus
or the Father
18,738, £ 79 (gris.)
Harl. 2916, £ 73 *
Harl. 2950, £ 120
Harl. 2952, £ 159
Harl. 5328; £ 65 *
With sword
20,859, £56*
Immaculate Con
ception symbolized
2 A xix, £ 1
15,525, £ 14
" Sine labe origi-
nali Concepta "
14,803, £ 53 *
{22,498, £ 2 *
See Anne, Saint.
Joachim, Saint.

©eotokos Harl. 5790, £ 143
(head of Christ, show
ing from breast)
With babe
3°,337
Ar. 44, £ 46 (Saint
John Baptist standing
by) {Lans. 383, £ 165*
(enthroned with angels,
with worshipper. By
zantine style)
+ Eg 1139
17,868, f. 31
21,114, £ 8 *
28,784 A, £ 66
{28,784 B, ff. 4, 6
(leading child) ,
Harl. 2930, £ 125
Harl. 3006, £ 82
(outline) {1 D x,£ 85
2 A xxii, £ 1 3 *
{2 B vi (Saxon treat
ment ; with crown and
sceptre) 9 A vii, £ 14*
-{14 C vii, £ 6 (monk
worshipping) 11,843, f- 239
17,006, ff. 8 (on a
banner) ; 14, 18
i7,444, f- 55*
21,965, f-4*
2i,973, f- 21
22,279, f- 68*
X 23, 145, f- 244
{28,681, £ 190*
+29,407, £ 239
{Ar. 83, £ i32*(babe
holding goldfinch)
Nero D ii, £ 29
Cott. App. 5, £ 199
Harl. 2979, £ 176*
{Harl. 4664, £ 125*
19 Ci, £ 88 (censed
by angel)

MA

2ig

MA

Mary, (continued.)
15,816, £ 5 (with two
saints, adored by a
Doge) 18,751, £ 129
20,916
+ 25,695, f- 23 (sera
phim, angels crowning
her) 27,93327,697, £ 19 (wor
shipper, Saints Bernar
dino and Benedict)
27,697, £ 22 * (cres
cent and curled rays)
27,697, £ 105*
Ar. 255
Eg. 1070, £ 79
Eg. 1070, £ in
(Saint John)
Eg. 1070, £ 115
Eg. 1 147, f- 41
Harl. 1892, £ 3 *
Harl. 2799, £ 40
Harl. 3403, £ 1
17 C xxxviii, £ 29
{Harl. 2971, £ 158
(crowned) Harl. 2943, £ 18
19,917, £ 125
Ar. 318, £ 70*
Harl. 2916, £ 141 *
Harl. 2933, £ 26
Harl. 5049, £ 13
Harl. 2929, £ 19 *
14,803, £17*
$15,114, f- 184
25,697, f- 44*
Harl. 2922, £ 103
20,859, f- 40 *
20,729, ff.2o*(crown-
ed byangels) ; 41*, 1 1 7*
143* 2 A xii, f. 7
{17 C xvi, £ (etch
ing, on crescent)
25,693, ff- 7, 54 (on
crescent) Slo. 2605, £ n (on

crescentin glory crown
ed) Slo. 2418, £ 17
Kings 6, £ 17 *
2 5, 7 1 o, £ 7 7* (crown
ed) 15,813, f- 252*
i5,7n, f- 23*
22,75!, f- 3 * (on
cover) Harl. 2835, ff. 230
(with crescent) ; 245
(crowned) + 24,i53,ff-76*(crown-
ed); 154* (on crescent,
crowned) Harl. 7359, f- 57*
{18,852, ff. 176*, 287*
Harl. 5731, £ 1
29,887, f. 14
30,059, £ 71
Slo. 2683, £ 53 *
Harl. 1251, £ 29
Harl. 2915, £ 138 *
Harl. 2915, £ 142 *
15,216, £ 86 (on
crescent) Slo. 2565 (on cres
cent) {Dom. A xvii, ff. 49
(with worshipp ers ) ; 74
(with Saint Catherine
and worshipper)
15,278, £ 13
22,568, £ 13
23,774, £ 1
15,528, £ 14
25,697, ff- 44*, 332*
15,815, £ 56
{Eg. 2019, ff. 25, 196
Harl. 2955, £ 14
(engraving) Harl. 2947, £ 22
Kings 7, f. 88 *
{15,248, £ 139
Harl. 7026, ff. 5, 17
{Eg. 2125, ff. 157*
(with angels); 262 *
28,271, f. 1

Slo. 2605, £ 11
Slo. 2419, £ no
16,998, ff. 35 *, 65
{Eg. 2045, f. 216*
(teaching J. C. to read)
17,026, ff. 49, 54*
19,416, £ 100* (with
a pear) 17,280, £ 78
17,280, £ 137* (with
angeis adoring)
17,012, £ 94
15,077, f- 40*
29,433, ff- 161, 184,
193 {Harl. 1892, ff. 3*,
3 1 * (in centre of Tree
of Jesse)
20,694, ff. i8*(Saint
Peter presenting ow
ner); 78
2 B xv, £ 56 (stand
ing -on crescent)
17,467, £ 236* (with
worshipper) 17,354, f- M
Harl.7359,ff.57*,59*4836, ff. 26, 30, 168,
188* Harl. 2865, £ 57
Harl. 5762, £ 164
Harl. 5328, £ 20
Harl. 2919, £ 36*
(on crescent)
1-9,962, £ 150 (with
worshipper) Slo. 2916, £ no
22,590, ff. 46, 52*
Ar. 316, £ 31 *
16,968, £31* (crown
ed and holding sceptre)
2 A viii, £44* (crown
ed) 22,72o,f. i8*(crown-
ed and with sceptre)
{Harl. 2952, ff. 19, 20
(crowned); 67, 71*, 76*
82, 86*, 95, 1 1 2* (gris.)
Harl. 2854, £ 171 *

MA

2 20

MA

Mary, (continued.)
Harl. 2855, £5 8 (with
Carthusian) Ar.34i,£66(crowned
and with crescent)
Ar. 302, £ 152
Slo. 2633, £ 75
Slo. 2471, f. 85 *
Slo. 2321, £ i25(with
worshipper crowned)
Harl. 2962, £ 32 *
Harl. 5781, £ 6g(an
gel presents flowers)
Tib. B iii, £.144*
(crowned, in a glory)
Harl. 2853, £ 27 *
Harl.29i9,ff. 19^23*
{Harl. 2940, £ 175
(crowned) Eg. 1068, £ 78
18,854, £ 135 *
Harl. 2989, £ 13
(crowned by angels)
Harl. 2972, £ 209
Burn. 352, £ 248
Harl. 2948, £ 28
Holy Family
Nero C iv, £ 16
24,681, £ 7o(leading
the child Jesus carrying
a basket)
{18,193, f.48*(Christ
as a little child playing
with a bird, B. V. M.
embroidering and Jo
seph carpentering)
20,729, £ 60 * (Saint
Mary teaching Jesus
Christ to read)
{20,729, £ 81 * (em
broidering, Saint Jo
seph teaching Christ to
read) {20,729, £ 104* (sew
ing, Saint Joseph pick
ing fruit for Christ)
, +25,693,£i6(sewing,
infant Christ reading)

{Harl. 2877, £ 18 *
Kings6,f.47*(Joseph
giving an apple to in
fant Christ)
2 A xviii, £ 13* (with
Saint Anna)
17,012, £ 34*
Slo. 2565,£ 2i*(with
Saint Anna)
22,279, f- 16* (in
Egypt) 29,433, f- 168 (Jesus
bathing) 20,916, £ 16
Pieta, or Our Lady
of Pity
28,784 A, £ 68 *
4836, ff. 22, 186*
15,525, £ 89
15,677, £ 19*, 46*
15,702, £ 196
{15,813, £ 154*
17,026, £ 64
17,280, £ 242
17,943, f- 86, 101*
18,213, £ 68 (with
Saints Mary and John)
19,417, f. 195
20,694, £ 86
20,694, £ 149
20,859, £ 61*
24,098, £ 14*
27,948, £ 71*
$29,433, f- i74
Ar. 316, £ 42
Ar. 318, £ 76*
Ar. 341, £ 7
Eg. 1068, £ 80
{ Harl. 1 892, ff. 1 *, 1 1 5
Harl. 2846, £ 124*
Harl. 2854, £ 48 *
Harl. 2863, £ 21
Harl. 2887, £ 26
Harl. 2962, £ 30
Harl. 2982, £ 55 *
{Harl. 2999, £ 72
Harl. 3000, £ 95
Harl. 5319, £ 120*

Kings 6, £ 22
{Kings 9, £ 152*
2 B xv, £ 54
Slo. 2418, £ 22*
{Slo. 2419, £ 14*
Slo. 2565, £ 73
Slo. 2605, £ 14
Our Lady of Seven
Sorrows 19,416, £ 8*
+ 21,235, f- H9*
Harl. 2854, ff. 45*,
54 Kings 9, £ 297 *
"Sancta Maria ad
Nives "
19,735, f- i43
Interceding for
souls in Purgatory
i6,975, f- 23*
Harl. 4996, £ 37 (O.
T. types)
19 B xvii, £ 5 (with
Saint John)
20,729, £ 1 *
Dom. A xvii, £ 205
Harl. 2853, £ 105 *
Harl. 2876, £ 101
Harl. 2923, £ 85
Harl. 2982, f. 50 *
AS PROTECTRESS
24,153, f- 162
Praying 15,525, ff. 19 (in
Temple); 96
17,466, £ 2
Reading 15,525, f- 25 (in
stable, after Nativity)
Harl. 2948, £ 17
Weaving 4836, £ 30
Harl. 2989, £ 27

MA

221

MA

Mary, (continued.)
Saving drowning
persons io Eiv, ff. 192*, 227
Appearing to a
dying priest
Harl. 4996, £ 44

Giving communion
to Saint Avia in prison
Eg. 2019, £ 219
Appearing to a
suppliant 10 Eiv, ff. 170,170 *

Image of
10 E iv, ff. 209, 210
Harl. 2897, £ 220
19 D i, £ 229 *

MARY MAGDALENE, Saint.— There are various
ways of representing this Saint. The usual symbolical manner
is to show her holding in her hand the " alabaster box of oint
ment " with which she anointed the Saviour's head ; but she is
also, shown as the " queen of penitents," and in this character
she appears with disordered and often scanty attire (sometimes,
indeed, veiled only in her long hair) and holds a skull and a
crucifix. This scene takes place in a desert, and great scope is
given for the introduction of spirited backgrounds and rocky
landscapes. The events of her life usually chosen for pictures
are the anointing of Our Lord's feet, and the meeting with Him
after the Resurrection. The latter has been included in this
Dictionary among the series of pictures of Jesus Christ. She
also occurs in pictures of the Crucifixion, Entombment,
Ascension, Raising of Lazarus, etc., and may be distinguished
from other women by her abundant wealth of golden hair. The
identification of Saint Mary Magdalene with the sister of Martha
and Lazarus and with the woman who anointed Our Lord's feet
in the house of Simon is a question still unsettled by Biblical
students. Notwithstanding this, artists have settled it for them
selves, and, as a rule, have treated them as one and the same
personage.

{Eg. 1 139
24,686, £ 3
28,784 A, £ 71 *
17,006, £ 166
23,145, f- 4i
{Harl. 2897, £ 336
19 B xvii, £ 170*
20 B ii, £ 57
4836, £ 7*-
11,865, ff. 4, 90*
11,867, £ 153
17,353, f- i4i
14,803, £ 104*
15,677, f- 148*
15,711, £ 178
15,813, £ 244*
16,907 16,998, ff. 41 *, 87 *

{17,012, -f. 36*
17,026, £ 79 *
17,280, £ 361 *
17,525, £ 187
18,192, £ 221 *
{18,193, £ 143*
18,197, £ a (kneeling before
cross) 18,851, £ 408
{18,852, £415*
18,854, £ 147 *
16,416, £ 146*
19,417, £ 249
19,962, £ 176
20,694, £ 142 *
22,590, £ 254
{24,153, ff. 88*, 139*
28,785, £ 172 * (white dress)

MA

222

MA

Mary Magdalene, (cont.)
Ar. 318, £ 30*
Ar. 341 £ 20
Tib. B iii, £ 146 *
Eg. 1068, £ 89
Eg. 1070, £ 95 *
Eg. 1 147, £227
{Eg. 2019, £ 220 *
Eg. 2125, £ 215*
Harl. 1 25 1, £ 55
Harl. 2846, £ 42 *
{Harl. 2900, f. 64*
Harl. 2915, £ 152 *
Harl. 2929, £ 128 *
Harl. 2935, £ 113*
Harl. 2962, £ 40
Harl. 2966, £ 11
Harl. 2982, £15
Harl. 2985, £ 33 *
Harl. 3000, £ 36 *
Harl. 5049, £ 63 *
Harl. 5370, £ 169 *
Kings 6, £ 145
Kings 7, £ 99
{Kings 9, £ 55 *
2 A xviii, £ 2 1 *
Slo. 2418, £ 136*
Slo. 2419, ff. 14 *, 108 *
Slo. 2471, £ 37 *
Slo. 2474, £ 26 *
Slo. 2565, £ 23 *
Slo. 2633, f. 29 *
Slo. '2916, f. 125 *
Washing feet of Jesus Christ
Ar. 157, ff. 8, 83
1 D x, £ 3 *
Harl. 3 240, £ i7*(0. T. type)
Harl. 4996, £ 16 (O. T. type)
Kings 5, £ 7 (0. T. types)
15,525, f- 39
i5,525, f- 4i (anointing)
20,729, £ 56 *
Harl. 2928, £ 16 *
25,693, f- 21
At foot of cross
i9,4i7, f- 249
At the tomb
Harl. 2897, £ 161

Mary Magdalene, (cont.)
Penance of
18,193, £ 143*
{21,909, £ 206
Communicating -in desert
15,682, £ 128
Assumption 4836, £ 189*
Maries, the Three
Harl. 5049, £ 115*
Mary, Saint, of Egypt
20 D vi, £ 7
19,416, £ 142
Eg. 1070, £ 89*
Mary Salome, Saint
11,866, £ 179 *
Mary, motherof St. James
11,866, f. 179*
Mary of England, Queen
of France, reception of, a.d.
I5M
{Vesp. B ii
Masons
Harl. 4382, £ 1
15 E ii, £ 265
14 E iii, £ 66 *
Masquers, as wild men,
burnt by accident during
performance
{Harl. 4380. £ 1
Massacre, scenes of
Harl. 4375, £ 179
14 E v
See Assassination.
Master and Pupil
15 D ii
Mathurin, Saint
19,962, f. 171
Eg. 1070, £ 107
Harl. 5370, f. 160
Slo. 2916, £ 124 *

MA

223

MA

Matrimonial Questions,
illustrations of the adjudica
tion of
24,642, ff. 240-270, etc

Mattathias, killing apos
tates
{18 Ev, £ 232

MATTHEW, Saint, the Evangelist. — This Saint
generally appears in his character of Evangelist, accompanied by
the emblem, an angel. There are also in late Manuscripts
instances of his call, when he was " sitting at the receipt of cus
tom." As in the case of Saints John, Luke, and Mark, there
are many early representations of this Evangelist prefixed to the
Gospel which he wrote.

Nero D iv
1 ',848, £ 34
Harl. 2788, £ 13*
Tib. A ii, £ 23 *
Harl. 5785, £ 66 *
4949, f- 13 *
22,740, £ 4*
Harl. 2820, £ 14
Harl. 2821, £ 21 *
Eg. 608, £ 19*
$51", f- 3
11,838, £ 12*
11,850, £ 17 *
17,739, ff- 18, 69
{Burn. 19, £ 2*
Harl. 1810, f. 25*
Harl. 2804, £ 172 *
Harl. 2970, £ 1 *
Harl. 5647
14,813, £ 6
{Burn. 20, £ 6 *
21,506
23,145, f- 21
Harl. 2897, £ 394 *
17 E vii, £ 377*
18 D viii, £ 28
19 B xvii, £ 250
19 C ii, £ 108
4836, £ 18
11,865, ff. 1, 6, 9
11,866, ff. 16, 163
14,803, £ 9 *
i5,677, f- 37
17,280, £ 18 *
Ii7,3S3, f- 3i
18,192, ff. 186, 209*

102

18,851, £ 459
{18,852, £ 186
19,962, £ 15
25,695, f. 18
27,697, f. 16
27,698, £ 1 *
..28,785, £ 19
28,962, f. 32
29,433, ff- J8, 200 *, 201 *
30,038, £ 177*
Eg. 859, £ 11
Eg. 1070, ff. 13, ic
Eg. 1 147, f- 37*
Eg. 2019, £ 17
Harl. 2799, f. 155
Harl. 2863, £ 17 *
{Harl. 2877, £ 16
Harl. 2900, £ 21 *
Harl. 2915, £ 10 *
Harl. 2917, £ 16 *
Harl. 2924, £ 21 *
Harl. 2929, £ 17
Harl. 2933, £ 34*
Harl. 2934, £ 21
Harl. 2948, £ 35
Harl. 2950, f. 18
Harl. 2952, £ 122 * (gris.)
Harl. 2962, £ 28 *
Harl. 2969, £ 11 *
Harl. 2971, £ 16
Harl. 5049, £ 10
Harl. 5328, £ 14*
Harl. 5731, £ 1 *
Kings 6, £ 15
{15 D iii, £ 432
Slo. 2418, £ 15*

MA

224

ME

Matthew, (continued)
Slo. 2419, £ 11 *
Slo. 2468, f. 18
Slo. 2605, £ 8
At receipt of custom
17 E vii, £ 398
19 D ii, £ 426
Martyrdom 20 D vi, £ 38 *
Matthias, Saint, Evan
gelist 19 B xvii, £ 19
4836, £ 2 *
11,866, £ 165
15,813, £ 227
16,907, £ 56 *
18,192, £ 210 *
18,851, £ 347
29,735, f- 122*
Eg. 859, f. 36
Eg. 1070, f. 88
Mattock, or pick
Jul. A vi, £ 4
Harl. 4337, £ 2
Harl. 4339, £ 2
Maurice, Saint
$23,145, f- 37 *
Harl. 2897, £ 396
17,280, f. 349 ,
18,851, f. 461
25,71°, f- 72
Eg. 859, f. 27
Eg. 1070, £ 102 *
Mauro (Christoforo),
Doge of Venice, adoring the
B. V. Mary and child
$15,816, £ 5
Maurus, Saint
15,813, £ 218*
15,815, £ 29*
27,697, £ 98
Eg. 1070, £ 84*
Serving Saint Benedict
20 D vi, £ 208 *

Maximilian, Archduke of
Austria, portrait of, a. d. 1478
{Harl. 6199, £ 73 *
Maximus,
Harl. 1766, £ 204*
Mayor (English), Temp.
Eliz. 28,330, £ 30
Measuring corn
20,787, £ 106 *
Medallions, early
Harl. 5256
Medea, history of
Harl. 1766, ff. 31 *, 33
Medicine, administra
tion of
{Harl. 5294, ff. 15*, 18, 21
23 *, 24
{Slo. 1977
Melchisedec giving com
munion to Abraham, holding
chalice and patten
Harl. 3240, £ 20
Melchiades, Saint
25,697, £ 259*
Meleager
Harl. 1766, £ 63*
" Memento Mori"
15,711, £ 138*
Eg. 1070, £ 53
Menodora, Saint
11,870, f. 84
Merchant, a
{15,685, f. 27*
Mercury
11,866, £ 5*
$22,329, f. 6*

ME

225

Ml

Mercy, works of
17,738, £ 3 *
Merlin, the wizard
Harl. 1629
20 A ii, £ 3 *
Nero A iv
Mermaid
24,686, f. 13
Harl. 4972, £ 20
16 E viii, £ 19*
28,784 A, £ 29
{Burn. 275, £ 404
Harl. 273, ff. 73, 78 (siren)
{Harl. 3448
$10 E iv, ff. 2, 47, etc.
19 D i, £ 30
20 A v, £ 54
14,816, £ 23
{18,852, £ 102
{Harl. 4372, £ 79 *
Harl. 4379, £ 32*
Merman
10 E iv, ff. 2, 3, etc.
Combat of mermen
20 A v, £ 71 *
Merodacbaladan, King
Faust. B vii, £ 49 *
Metals personified, and
transmutation of, symbolized
29,895
Metal-workers
+ 15,277 ,f- 16
MICHAEL, Saint, the Archangel. — We have very
little information about this personage in the Bible, but that little
is sufficient for as vigorous and dramatic a form of picture as any
that exist. " There was war in heaven : Michael and his angels
fought against the dragon ; and the dragon fought and his angels,
and prevailed not ; neither was their place found any more in
heaven " (Rev. xii, 7, 8). This scene is not uncommonly treated
as a historical subject, with hosts of angels introduced ; but even
the symbolical pictures of Saint Michael generally represent him
in the act of overcoming the dragon. The archangel is always
18

Metamorphoses, draw
ings from a book of the
Jul. F vii
Metrodora, Saint
11,870, £ 84
Metellus (Csecilius)
Harl. 4374, £ 1
Metz (Gautier de), illus
trations to his work, ' ' L'Image
du monde "
Harl. 334
Metz, siege of
{20 C ix, £ 137
Meun (Jehan de) pre
senting work to Philip IV,
King of France
10,341, f. 8
21,602
Harl. 4335, £ 10
Mezentius
Kings 24, £ 193 *
Micah, the prophet
Harl. 4382, £ 123 *
19 D ii, £ 395 *
1 E ix, £ 233
{15 D iii, £199*
Micah, the Ephraimite,
worshipping an image
17 D ii, £ 128*

MI

226

MI

in full armour, generally with the red cross banner or surcoat,
and he is only distinguished from Saint George by his wings.
Saint Michael is sometimes also represented as weighing the
souls of dead, an idea which may have had an Oriental origin
(see Sale's Koran).

11,695, f- 251*
11,870, £ 60
{Eg. 1 139
28,784 A, £ 73
17,006, £ 196 *
{21,965, £ 39
$23,145, f- 26
{Harl. 2897, f. 401
19 B xvii, f. 269
4836, ff. 9*, 178
11,865, ff- 5, 85*
11,866, ff. 1 *, 158
14,863, £ 101
15,216, £ 57*
15,281, £ 204*
15,815, f- 58
15,813, £ 261
16,907, £ 231
17,026, £ 70
17,353, f- 129
17,466, £ 54* (outline)
$18,851, £464
{18,852, £ 25*
18,854, £ 138
19,962, £ 160 *
22,590, £ 236*
{28,785, £166
29,433, f- J94*
{29,902, £ 2
3o,°59, f- I2|>
Ar. 316, £ 48 *
Tib. B iii, £ 145
Eg. 2019, f. 207
{Eg. 2125, £ 194*
Harl. 2876, £ 86
Harl. 2900, £ 49
Harl. 2917, £ 175
Harl. 2929, £ 125
Harl. 2936, £ 104*
{Harl. 2948, £ 166
Harl. 2985, £ 55 *
Harl. 3000, £ 56 *
Harl. 5049, £ 58

Kings 6, £ 143
Kings 7, £ 91
Kings 9, £ 85
2 B xiii, £33
2 B xv, £ 61
{19 G ii, f. 161 *
Slo. 2418, £ 132
Slo. 2419, £ 106*
Slo. 2471, £ 25 *
Slo. 2565, £ 44*
Slo. 2571, £ 38*
Slo. 2916, £ 116*
Fighting with Satan
Tib. C vi, £ 16
17,739, f- 19
{Harl. 3448, £ 39 *
17,012, £ 61
17,280, £ 241 *
+ 27,697, f- 95
{Eg. 2045, £ 254*
Eg. 1 147, £ 208
Harl. 13 1 o, £ 1
{Slo. 3049, £ 71 (devils)
Slo. 3049, £ 115
With balance
11,867, £ 148
Eg. 1070, f. 103
Weighing souls
19 C i, £ 120 *
Milking a cow
$Harl. 4751, £ 23
Mill (water)
$ Cleop. C xi, f. 10
Harl. 4751, £ 25 (worked by
an ass)
Harl. 4979, £ 4*
Harl. 5256
15 E vi, f. 4*

MI

227

MO

Mill, (continued.)
Windmill {10 E iv, ff. 89, 114, 115, etc.
Harl. 1808, f. 30
16 G ii, £ 22
20 C iv, £ 160
Miller and Mill, tale
of the
{10 E iv, ff. 70*
Minerals symbolized '
29,895
Mining operations
15 E hi, £ 99
Minotaur, the
Harl. 1766, ff. 28, 37
Mirabilia, illustrated
13 B viii
Miracles, illustrations of
various 10 E iv, ff. 246 *, etc.
See Jesus Christ. Mary,
Saint, etc.
Mirror
20 A xvii, £ 104*
{Harl. 4425, £ 114
16 Gv, ff. 3*, 80
20 C v, f. 5
See Furniture.

Miser, a
Tib. A vii, £ 40
Moat
Aug. A v, f. 5 1 *
15 Ei, ff. 86, etc.
Models of Churches
14 C vii, £ 9
Mohammed, preaching
6 E vii, £ 443
Mole
Harl. 273, £ 73*
11,283, f- 15
See Animals, etc.
Money
17 E vii, £ 197
Harl. 334, £ 99
In vessels, buried
Harl. 4339, £ 2
Money-changer's table
Slo. 3983, f. 20
Money-bag. See Purse.
Monica, Saint
30,014, £ 130*

MONKS. — As may be supposed from the circum
stances of the origin of so many of the Manuscripts, figures of
members of religious orders are not unfrequently introduced into
miniatures. In many cases the actual order is not very de
finitely shown, but in some others the habit is sufficiently dis
tinctly indicated for classification. Of course a very large ma
jority are in Benedictine dress, though in many cases the small
ness of the scale of the pictures would make it impossible to
distinguish from this the black habit of the monks of Cluny.
The Cistercians and Carthusians did not do much to encourage
pictorial art (though what the former did for architecture is well
known), thus few representatives of those orders appear. The
most artistic of all orders, the Dominicans, will be found, also
under the heading of Friars. 16*

MO

228

MO

Monks, general
24,642 25,594
Jul. A v, f. 53 *
Eg. 943, ff- 145, etc-
$6 E ix, £ 8
16 Gvi
20 C vii
20 D ii, £ 174
i6,997, ff 145, !7i*
20,787, ff. 54, 79*, 80*
Harl. 4425, ff. 108, etc.
2 B xv, £ 55 *
19 C viii, £ 41
Benedictine (white)-
Claud. A iii, £ 7
Benedictine (black)
Claud. A iii, £ 7
Ar. 155, ff. 9*, 10, 133
{Tit. D xxvi, £ 19*
Harl. Roll Y 6
{Ar. 157, £ 94
14 C vii, £ 6
Cieop. C xi, ff. 22, 23, 25,
26 *, 27 *, 28
$6Evi, ff. 15*, 23*
6 Evii
20 D vi, £ 206
15,274, f- 91 *
18,720, £ 2
23,923, ff- 66, 67, 72, etc.
27,42828,681, £ 118*
{Jul. D vii, £ 42 *
Eg. 745, f- 28 *
Harl. 1526
Harl. 4664, £ 125 *
10 E iv
15,813, £ 155
16,907, £ 74
16,998, £ 77
$18,192, £ no
Tib. B iii, £ 146
Harl. 1766, £ 5
{Harl. 2278
25,089, £ 79 (preaching)
6 E vi, £ 27 (on horseback
hawking, etc)

Monks, (continued)
10 E iv, £ 248 (illuminating
a book)
Capuchin 19,417, £ in
Carmelite 28,962, ff. 38, 312
29,7°4, f- 7
Carthusian Dom. A xvii, £ 148 * (in
choir, with deaths looking over
the top, crowned as popes)
Tib. B iii, £ 146
Harl. 2855, ff. 58, 279
Cistercian Cleop. C xi, ff. 23, 29
Slo. 1977, ff. 1, 48
Nero D ii, £ 107
30,038, £ 1
Eg. 2125, £ 117*
Cluniac Tib. B iii, £ 145
Dominican 19 B xv, £ 25
28,962, ff. 4*, 38, 312
Tales of
10 E iv
With nun
10,293, f- 1
10,294, £ 1
With nun in stocks
10 E iv, ff. 187, 187 *
Embracing nun
10 E iv, £ 185 *
Monogram (XpioToy)
16,546, £ 431
IHS (Ihesus)
22,720, f. 61* (used as or
nament) Harl. 1662, £ 184*

MO

229

MO

Monster, fantastic, semi-
human or semi-animal
Tib. C vi, ff. 4 *-5
JVit. A xv
Slo. 1975
16 E viii
19,587
Burn. 257
Eg- 943
Harl. 4382, £ 136 *
Harl. 4940, ff. 13*, 27, eta
Harl. 4979, £ 73
19 D i, £ 38*
20 A v, ff. 48 *, etc.
15 E vi, ff. 15 *, etc.
Human Tib. B v, ff. 80, 81, 82, etc.
Vitel. D i, ff. 20, etc.
{Burn. 275
20 A v, ff. 53 *, 73, etc.
20 A v, f. 78 (semi-human
child) Harl. 4979, £ 76 (ditto)
19 D i, £ 40 * (ditto)
15 E vi, £ 22 (ditto)
Bum. 257, ff. 206 *, 207, etc.
(men with heads of animals)
Harl. 2799, £ 243
15 E vi, £ 22
20 D xi, £ 247 *
15 B viii, £ 23 (marine)
Harl. 4431, '£ 100* (ditto)
{15,268, £ 208 (three-horned)
" La B§te glatissant "
{19 E ii, £ 167
See Grotesques.

Monstrous Figure, re
ferring to the opening lines
of Horace's Ars Poetica
{15 B vii
Mont d'or, battle of, be
tween France and Flanders
14 D iv, f. 275
Montfort (Simon de),
death and mutilation of
Nero D ii, f. 176
Moon, phases of the
19 C i, £ 41 *
Classical figure of
Tit. D xxvii, £ 65 *
Eclipse of the
19 C i, £ 41 *
{Burn. 169, £ 69
See Constellations. Sun.
Moonlight night scene
{Harl. 4375, f- i57*
See Landscapes.
Mortar, pestle and
Harl. 1585, f. 7 *
{Slo. 1975, £ 91 *
Harl. 4372, £ 12
Mortars, or guns
14 E iv, £ 28*

MOSES. — Most of the characters of the Old Testa
ment have no specially conventional type appropriated to them ;
but of the few that have, Moses is perhaps the most curiously
distinguished. It is said of him that when he came down
from the Mount his face shone so that the " Children of Israel
could not behold the brightness." This brightness is represented
in pictorial Manuscripts by two rays rising from his head;
and these, when their meaning was forgotten, stiffened into two
horns, such as those with which Michael Angelo has adorned
the head of his famous statue of Moses. Sometimes the rays

MO

230

MO

have become two stray locks of hair lifted above the others,
but this is not a common form.

Vesp. A i
Lans. 381, ff. 7*-8
Ar. 157, £ 77 (horned)
Faust. B vii, f. 47
14,819
30,084, £ 157*
Eg. 1500, £5*
Harl. 4940, ff. 51, 65 *
6 E ix, f. 7 *
15 D ii,£ 58*
17 E vii, £ 91
1 E ix, ff. 25, 41 *
Birth of
1 E ix, £ 15 *
Finding of
Aug. A v, £ 30 *
Keeping Jethro's sheep
{24,678, £ 12
And the burning bush
30,084, £ 157*
Ar. 83, £ 128*
Kings 5, £ 2
Harl. 4381, f. 43
15,248, £ 44
15,813, f- 24
17,280, £ 25
2i,9°9, f- 39
Before Pharaoh
Harl. 43 8 1, £ 41 (with Aaron)
17 E vii, £ 41
And the magicians
Harl. 4381, £ 44*
Dividing the Red Sea
Harl. 4381, £ 49
15 D iii, f. 20
With God on Mount Sinai
19 D ii, £ 77 *
Receiving tables of the law
Nero C iv, £ 4
19 C ii, f. 1
i6,975, f- J3*
Burn. 14, £ 93 *
1 E ix, f. 31 *
17 E vii, £ 53

Showing tables to the people
Harl. 4381, £ 87 *
Harl. 5763, £ 2©
{15 D iii, £ 85
Giving the law
29,902, £ 1
Harl. 4381, £ 60
19 D ii, £ 95 *
Leading Israelites through
wilderness 15 D iii, £ 48
Numbering the people
17 E vii, £ 74
Lifting up the brazen serpent
Ar. 83, £ 128*
Arms of, held up
30,038, f. 1 *
Striking the rock
Burn. 3, £ 54*
Giving priest's vestment to
Aaron 17 E vii, £ 65
Preaching to the people
Burn. 3, £ 114 *
15,248, £ 1
With Jesus Christ
Harl. 4381, £ 71
Mountain
19,587, f. 70
See Landscapes.
Mountain, burning, with
inhabitants Tib. B v, £ 87
Mountaineer, naked
Harl. 4979, £ 47
Mourning, costume of
24,642, f. 276
Harl. 4375, £ 138 *
14 E iv, £ 217 *
20 C ix, f. 11
18 G ii, ff. 160, 160*, 161

MO

231

MU

Mowing
16 G v, f. 55
Tib. B v, £ 6 *
Mucius Scevola
Harl. 1766, £ 100*
Mules
Harl. 4381, £ 137
Murano, members of the
fraternity of Saint John Bap
tist of
17,046, £ 2

Muses, nine
6 E ix, ff. 29 *, 30
Music personified
Harl. 2637, £ 39 *
11,866, £ 10 *
13 B viii, £ 26
Teaching Burn. 275, £ 359 *
Diagrams to illustrate
Burn. 275

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.— There is a large
number of very useful and interesting instances of ancient
Musical Instruments among the miniatures. Many of these we
have been able to classify under the names of the modern In
struments to which they bear the greatest resemblance ; but a
great many others, especially including examples of full orchestras
of angels, we have simply indicated under a general heading.
By far the largest number of instruments represented are of the
simple, yet musically most perfect, type of stringed instruments
played with a bow, and the differences between these and the
modern violins, etc., seem to be very slight, and merely refer
to detail of shape.

General Vesp. A i, £ 30 *
Tib. C vi,f£ 16*, 17, 18,30*
Harl. 603
Harl. 2804, £ 3 *
17,868 (in borders)
21,926, £ 115 *
30,045, £ 40 *
Ar. 157, £ 71 *
Lans. 420, ff. 12, 12 *
12,228, ff. 222, 223, etc.
15,268, £ 1 *
i5>294, f- 1
28,784 A, £ 16
Burn. 275
Harl. 4381, £ 256 *
{Slo. 3983, £ 13
6 E ix
10 E iv
17 E vii, ff. 222, 231, 247
19 C i, f. 54
14,787, £6*

{18,851, ff.90,155^164,184*
{27,697, £ 105*
29,433 (in borders) ,
{30,014, £ 124*
Burn. 257
{Aug. A v, ff. 25 *, 99 *
Aug. vi, £ 457
Dom. A xvii, ff. 74, 204 *
Eg. 2045, f- "5*
Harl. 2980
Harl. 4273, £ 215 *
Harl. 4372, £ 79 *
Harl. 4375, £ 151* (trio)
Harl. 4385, £ 50 *
Harl. 4425, ff. 12*, 14*, etc.
1 E ix, ff. 151, 153
2 A xvi, £ 98 *
14 E iii, ff. 3, etc.
14 E iv, (in borders)
15 D iii, £ 517
16 G v, ff. 3 *, 93
17 F i, f. 178* (at feast)

MU

232

MU

Musical Instruments,
(continued.) 19 C vi, £ 131 (at feast)
20 C v, ff. 5, 101, 121, etc.
Bagpipes Lans. 383, £ 15*
{ 2 B iii, £ 1 1 *
2 B vi, f. 8 *
10,293, £ 1
12,228, £ 221 *
24,681, £ 44
Burn. 275, ff. 166, etc.
20 A xvii, £ 9
11,867, f- 38
15,677, f- 5
18,213, £ 40
Eg. 2045, £ 89
Harl. 5762, £ 62
Lans. 1 178, £ 222
14 E iii, £ 140
17 C xxxviii, £ 28
Bell Tib. C vi, £ 17
Harl. 2804, £ 3 *
21,926, £ 208 *
30,045, £ 8 *
30,045, £ 40 *
2 A xxii, £ 14 *
6 E vi, ff. 232, 298
13 B viii, £ 21 *, 30
14 B vii, ff. 90, 130 *
28,784 B, £ 3
Burn. 275, £ 359* (player)
27,591, £ 116
Aug. vi, £ 457 (player)
Harl. 4431, £ 98* (clock
work bell in tower)
15 D iii, £ 268
17 E iii, £ 314* (player)
Slo. 2427, £ 105
" Chorus "
Nero D ii, £ 14
Drum 17,006, f. 8
Harl. 3571, £ 89*
Harl. 6563, £ 44
20 A xvii, £ 9
15 E iv, £ 24*

Musical Instruments,
(continued)
Kettle-drums + 27,695, £ 13
Eg. 2125, £ 206 *
Drum and whistle
12,029, f- 1
10 E iv, ff. 29, 42, 58, etc.
10 E iv, £ 201 * (played by
devil) Dulcimer 13 B viii, £ 26
12,228, £ 222
18,851, £ 154
20 A xvi (woman player)
Flute Nero D ix, £ 48
15 E iv, f. 24*
Guitars 11,695, ff- 86*, 164
17,333, f- 3*
{i6Fii, f. 1
16 G v, £ 77*
Harp Vesp. A i
24,199, £ 18
Harl. 603, ff. 24*, 55*, 27
Harl. 2804, £ 3 * (triangular)
Lans. 383, £ 15 *
.Ar. 339, £ 75*
Cleop. C xi, £ 20
2 A iii, f. 9 *
2 A xxii, £ 14 *
2 B iii, £ 15*
17,333, f- 28*
Harl. 273, £ 71 (harping to
a swan) Harl. 3240, £ 22
14 E ii, £ 193
i5 D ii, ff. 52, 124
19 B xv, £ 8
20,698, f. 73 (lady with)
26,667, £ 16*
Harl. 334, £ 26 *
Harl. 4379, £ jgb
Harl. 4385, £ 50 *
Harl. 4431, £ 103

MU

233

MU

Musical Instruments,
(continued.) {83 C 13 (held by gryllus)
15 D iii, £ 252
15 E ii, £ 7
17 E iv, ff. 143, 160 *
20 C ii, £ 51 *
20 C v, £ 135 *
Slo. 2427, £ 9
Harp-case Ar. 71, £ 9
Hautboys 18,851, f. 154
29,433, f- 76
Harl. 2917, £ 93
Horns Vesp. A i
24,199, ff 17, 29*
Harl. 2804, £ 3 *
Hurdy-gurdy, played by a
man in a boat, to attract the
dolphin Slo. 3544, £ 42 *
Lute 17,006, £ 8
17,333, ff- 3*, 4*
15,677, ff- 4, 5
18,851, ff. 164, 184*, 252
29,433, f- 62 *
Organ Harl. 603, £ 70
10,293, £ 1
15,243, £ 10
15,244, f- 2
17,333, f- 3*
19,587, f- 77
{27,695, f- i3
29,407, 94*
{29,902, £ 6
{Burn. 275, £ 33*
{17,280, £ 238*
18,192, £19
18,850, ff. 32, 199*
18,851, ff. 154, 184*
20,694, £ 20
28,962, £ 281*
29,433, f- 192

Musical Instruments,
(continued.) {Tib. A vii, £ 104*
{Harl. 334, £ 26*
Harl. 2917, £ 93
Harl. 2971, £ 158
Harl. 2989, £ 13
{7 B viii, f. 3*
Grinding-organ Harl. 6563, f. 43
Panpipe n,355, f- 1
Jul. F vii, £ 9
Pipes 24,199, £ 18
19 B xv, £ 17 *
16 G v, £ n
Double pipe
10 E iv, ff. 2, 58, etc.
Harl. 4431, £ in *
Psaltery 23,774, f- 171
{Tib. A vii, £ 104*
Triangle 27,913, f- 103
Trumpet Harl. 603, £ 26 *
30,045, f- 4o *
Harl. 4972
+ 17,333, f- 10*
Harl. 4382, £ 118
10 E iv, (fantastic)
15 D ii, ff. 135*, 136*
19 B xv
20 D iv, £ 225 *
18,851, ff. 184*, 252
Nero D ix, ff. 31 *, etc.
{Harl. 4376, £ 90
{15 D iii, f. 394
20 B xx
20 C i, £ 117
Violin {11,695, £ 86
Lans. 383, £ 15 *
28,784 A, £ 16
10,293, £ 1

MU

234

NE

Musical Instruments,
(continued.) 10,294, £ 1
i6,975, f- 86
17,006, £ 8
28,681, £ 100
28,784 B, £ 7
Burn. 275, ff. 166, etc.
Harl. 6563, £ 40
19 D ii, £ 242
{19 C i, £ 54
28,962, £ 82
Tib. A vii, ff. 77, 79 *
Harl. 2999, £ 243
14 E iii, £ 89
16 G v, £ 77 *
Zither 3o,°45> f- 40 *
17,333, f- 3*
Harl. 3240, £ 26 *
Myrrha
Harl. 1766, £ 75
Mythological portraits
Eg. 1500
Subjects 12,531, f- 1
Harl. 4431

N
Nahum
Harl. 4382, £ 125 *
17 E vii, £ 371
19 D ii, £ 397 *
1 E ix, £ 234
{15 D iii, £ 401 *
See Bibles.
Nails
Lans. 1 1 79, £ 226
Nani (Nicolao), captain
of Cabo d'Istria, a.d. 1543,
portrait of
27,933

Narcissus
Harl. 1766, £ 74*
20 A xvii, ff. 14, 14*
Harl. 4425, £ 20
19 B xiii, f. 14 *
Nathan before David
17,280, £ 251
See David.
Natural History, illus
trations of
Harl. 334
See Animals. Creation ; and
Bestiaries in List of Manu
scripts. Nature personified
Harl. 4425, f. 123 *
Forming children
Harl. 4425, £ 140
Navarre, King of, burnt
in bed
14 D v, £ 315
Nebuchadnezzar
18,851, f. m *
On throne
15,268, £ 179*
Building Babylon
26,667, f- 12 *
Building Ecbatana
15 D iii, £ 236
Nectanebus, scenes in
life of
Harl. 4979
Negro
19 D i, ff 65 etc.
29,301, £ 5
Armed as knight
20 D xi, f. 261
Negress 10 E iv, £ 17

NE

235

NI

Nehemiah, with enemies
scoffing
{15 D iii, f. 197
See Bibles.
Nembroth, Giant, and
falling castle
Harl. 1766, £ 18
Nero, figure of
{Harl. 1766, ff. 171, 171 *
Harl. 4425, ff. 59, 61
16 G v, £ 107
Murder of his mother
Harl. 4425, £ 59
Nets for catching animals
27,699, ff. 40 *, etc.
Tib. A vii, ff. 51, 51 <5, 57
Nicea, council of
Lans. 1 179, £ 257 *
Legend of selection of ca
nonical books by the (illustrating
Athanasian Creed)
18,851, £ 196*
Nicetas, Saint, martyr
dom of
11,870, £ 118
Niches
{Harl. 4425
Nicholas, Saint, Bishop
of Myra
{Eg. 1 139
21,926, £ 12 *
28,784 A, £ 140
23,145, f- 33*
4836, £ 185
11,865, £6*
11,866, £ 175*
11,867, £ 152
15,702, £ 233

Nicholas, (continued.)
15,677, f- 140*
16,907, f. IO
17,012, £ 63 *
17,026, £ 78
17,280, £ 358
17,353, f- 138
18,192, £ 217 *
18,853, £ 5 *
18,854, £ 144*
19,962, £ 167 *
22,590, £ 249
27,697, £ 93
29,433, f- 210*
Ar. 318, £ 50*
Tib. B iii, £ 142 *
$Eg 859, £ 5
Eg. 1068, £ 87
Eg. 1070, £ 81
Eg. 1 147, £ 219*
Harl. 1 25 1, f. 49
Harl. 2876, £ 92 *
Harl. 2917, f. 179
Harl. 2929, £ 127
Harl. 2948, £ 173
Harl. 2962, £ 38
Harl. 2936, £ 108
Harl. 2985, £ 58
Harl. 3000, £ 58
Harl. 5049, £ 62
Kings 6, £ 144*
Kings 7, £ 9 *
Kings 8, £ 76*
Kings 9, £ 88 *
Slo. 2418, £ 135
Slo. 2419, £ 108
Slo. 2565, £ 47
Slo. 2571, £ 41
Slo. 2633, £ 53
Slo. 2916, £ 122*
Raising the three children
17,444, f- 38
19 B xvii, £ 14
Giving money through window
29,704, £ 36
25,697, f- 257*
Translation •
20 D vi, £ 161 *

NI

236

NU

Nicholas, Saint, of To-
lentino 22,590, £ 249 *
Ninepins, game of
10 E iv, £ 99
Ninus, King
{15,268, ff. 16, 71
Nisus Harl. 1766, ff. 35 *, 36 *
Noah
Faust. B vii, £ 45 *
1 7 C xxxviii, £ 46 *
God in heaven conversing with
15,268, £7*
Building ark
15,268, £ 9*
19 D ii, £ 12*
{18,850, £ 15*
19,962, £ 38
Nero C iv, £ 3
15 D iii, £ 12
{1 B x, £ 9*
Entering the ark
19 D ii, £ 13 *
With his family
19,962, ff. 38*, 39
26,667, f- 4
Sending dove from ark
Burn. 3, £ 10*
Dove bringing olive branch
i6,975, f- 25
Receiving dove back
Nero C iv, £ 3
Sending animals out of ark
{24,678, £ 8
Leaving ark, with family and
animals 18,850, £ 16*
19,962, £ 39 *
God appearing to, after flood
18,851, £ 67*

Noah, (continued)
Offering sacrifice
24,678, £ 8
With ark in hand
Harl. 3461, £ 2
Planting vine
Harl. 4940, £ 51
Plucking grapes
19 C i,£ 57*
Drunkenness 19 D ii, £ 15
See Ark. Bibles.
Nobles, group of various
grades 18,750, £ 1
Nobility personified
Ar. 71, ff. 24, 39 *
19 C viii
Normandy, Duke of
Harl. 1 7 17
Norwich Cathedral,
view of
Nero D ii, £ 105
Numa giving laws
Harl. 4374, £ 1
Nuns
23,923, ff- 68, 70 *, etc.
14 E ii, .F. 162*
15,434,. £ 84*
16 F ii, £ 137
Vesp. B iii (a.d. 15 13)
At the altar
16 G v, £ 77
Various orders,historical and
popular, with caricatures
10 E iv
Caricature of manners
10,294, £ 1
Benedictine 28,784 B, ff. 7, 10

NU

237

OP

Nuns, (continued)
Jul. A v, £ 53
6 E vi, £ 27
Harl. 2975, £ 73 *
15,456, £ 2
Brigittine Claud. B i, £ 116
Carmelite 28,784 A, f. 59
Dominican {28,784 B, ff. 5, 11*
Dom. A xvii, £ 175 *
Franciscan 28,784 B, f. 5
Minoress Dom. A xvii, f. 73*
See Monks.
Nympha, Saint
11,870, £ 84 O
Oars
Harl. Roll y 6
See Shipping.
Oath, taking an
18 G ii, £ 151
Obadiah
Harl. 4382, £ 122
17 E vii, £ 368*
19 D ii, £ 398*
1 E ix, £ 232
{15 D iii, £ 398
See Bibles.
Occleve, the poet, pre
senting book to the king
17 D vi, £ 37
Octavian, Emperor
Harl. 4374, f- 88

Oedipus, scenes from
life of
Harl. 1766, ff. 43, etc.
Found hanging by feet in tree
15,268, £ 75*
18 E v, £ 46
19 E vi, £ 57
See Universal History, in
List of Manuscripts.
Offering, to the church
20,787, ff. 105, etc.
In temple
15 D iii, ff. 62, 82 *
Crown to a prince
Harl. 200
Old-age personified
19 B xiii, £ 9 *
20 A xvii, £ 5
Eg. 2022, £ 7 *
Harl. 4425, £ 10*
14 E ii, £ 337
{18 E vi, £ 8
Old Testament events,
series of types
18,850
See Bibles.
Olympias, Queen, por
trait of
13 A i
Decollation of
Harl. 4979,.£ 86
Onager, habits of the
Slo. 3544, £ 19
See Bestiaries, in List of
Manuscripts.
Onocentaur, with bow
Bum. 97, £ 19 *
{Slo. 278, £ 47
Operations, surgical
Slo. 1977
29,301

OP

238

PA

Opportuna, Saint
Eg. 1070, £ 109
Orgetorix, portrait of
Harl. 6205, £ 5 *
Orion See Constellations.
Orpheus, figure of
Harl. 1766, ff. 76, 76*
Harl. 4431, £ 127 *
Ostrich
Slo. 278, £ 22
Otter
Vesp. B xiii, £ 2
27,699
Oven
Harl. 6563, £ 66
10 E iv, ff. 128*, 145, 145*
Placing a boy in an
10 E iv, f. 213
Ovid, metamorphoses of,
illustrated 17 E iv
Owen Glyndwr, over
come by E. of Warwick
Jul. E iv, f. 203*
Owl
10,294, £ 1
12,029, f- 1
6 E vi, £ 128
{10 E iv, f. 46
{Harl. 3469, ff. 2, 4
14 E iii, £ 140
Chariot drawn by owls
{20,916, £ 1
Ape holding owl on his fist
(in caricature of a knight
hawking) 10 E iv, f. 51*

Pachomius, Abbot
{Cal. A xv, £ 122 *
Ar. 155, £ 9*
Pack, or travelling-bag
10 E iv, £ 149
Packages
{18 G ii, £ 128
Paddles
Slo. 278, f. 47
Padlock
Kings 5, £ 13
Page
19 E ii, £ 167
Paints of various colours
in shells
6 E vi, £ 329
Painter with undraped
models Harl. 4425, £ 142
Lady painting
16 G v, ff. 69, 73 *
Palestine, places in
27,376, ff. 109*, 138
Pallas, obsequies of
Kings 24, £ 210*
Palm-tree
Slo. 278, £ 10*
17 F i
Panel-work
Vitel. C iii
20,916

PA

239

PA

Pannier
15 E ii, £ 7
Woman in a, carried off by
a beggar 10,294, £ 1
Pantaleon, Saint, before
Emperor20 D vi, £ 100 *

Panther
Slo. 278, £ 44*
Papelardie (false devout-
ness, personified)
19 B xiii, £ 8
20 A xvii, £ 5 *
Eg. 2022, £ 8*

PAPYRUS, Illuminated. — It needs no apology for
introducing here, among notices of European art pictures, a
short account of Egyptian Illuminated Manuscripts, when we
consider that these very ancient relics of native African art are
totally distinct from all Oriental illuminations, and in some of
their later peculiarities affected, and were affected by, that
so-called Byzantine spirit which breathes more or less in all
the earliest remains of human handiwork not pre-historic.
Although some of the Egyptian illustrated papyri are as old
as the fourth and fifth dynasties, written in hieratic character,
the use of vignettes or pictures does not appear to be earlier
than the eighteenth dynasty. The figures are of moderate'
dimensions, traced in outline, the hair and other portions black.
At this early period colours were, however, freely used;
blue for water, green for plants, yellow and red for details,
and some vignettes are even said to have been gilded. Other
papyri of this period have their illustrations drawn in outline
only, and uncoloured. So dominant was the principle of
illumination at an early period, that the text of the papyrus
is occasionally sacrificed to afford sufficient space for the in
sertion of the pictures. The colours were laid on in tempera :
the black being an animal charcoal ; the red, an ochre ; blues
and greens, preparations of copper ; white, a fine chalk. They
are laid on flat, or in monochrome, either without shading or
with very faint and undefined attempts, and a black outline
surrounds all the figure. These vignettes are not varnished.
Under the nineteenth dynasty the vignettes are more brightly
coloured, and pink or yellow is used for the flesh of females.
One of the most magnificently illuminated rituals of this period
is the "Clot Bey" Papyrus of Hunefer, Keeper of the Oxen
of King Seti I. (in the British Museum numbered E. R. 9901),
considered to be the finest known. The date of its execution
is about b.c. 1200. After the nineteenth dynasty, the great
historical papyrus of Rameses III., called the " Harris" Papyrus,
is one of the most splendidly illuminated. It contains three
large vignettes with figures of considerable size, and the flesh of
the monarch and some of the figures is coloured white. Later
than this, during the twentieth and twenty-first dynasties, the
vignettes are brilliantly coloured, but the drawing is not to be

PA 240 PA
compared for its good proportion, and vitality of execution, with
that of the eighteenth dynasty. The practice of illumination
in colours was continued to the twenty-sixth dynasty, but at
that time outline was almost if not exclusively preferred ; and
some of the vignettes are drawn with a remarkable fineness
and sureness of hand. After the twenty-sixth dynasty papyri,
at the beginning of the period of the Ptolemies, have similar
vignettes. But painted illuminations occur at the end of the
Greek rule in Egypt, the figures being rudely drawn, and the
colours far inferior. Under the Romans there are found illu
minations in colours in which a scarlet or minium appears in
place of the usual red ochre ; light greens and pink are exten
sively used ; but the later papyri of the Roman period are only
illustrated by figures drawn, or rather scrawled, in black outline.
Although, as a general rule, specimens of the practice of
pictorial ornamentation are only found in Rituals, and a few
Rituals are composed of illuminations only without much text,
yet illuminated caricatures have been discovered, one in the
British Museum being supposed to represent, under the allego
rical figures of animals, events of the reign of Rameses III.,
who is represented as a lion playing at chess, with a deer for
his antagonist. Others are found with erotic subjects, but these
are extremely rare, for the Egyptians were averse to depicting
such subjects; some of the scribes, however, indulged in sly
sarcasm, and one papyrus represents deities and worshippers
smiling at each other. Backgrounds and perspective do not
ever appear to have been attempted by Egyptian artists. The
principal illuminated hieroglyphical papyri of the British
Museum will be found numbered consecutively from No.
9900 of the Egyptian collections, at which the section of papyri
begins. These have been collected at various times and from
various sources, the principal contributions to this branch of
antiquarian art being due to the labours of Anastasi, Barker,
Belmore, Bonomi, Burgon, Burton, Harris, Hay, Salt, Sams,
Strangford, Rhind, and Wilkinson.
A considerable number of these papyri are exhibited,
under glass, on the walls of the staircase at the north end of
the Egyptian Gallery. Several have been published, as for
example the " Harris," by Dr. Birch for the Trustees in 1876,
but as photography is not very successful in reproducing them,
the method of fac-simile by hand very expensive, and purchasers
necessarily few in number, it will be readily seen that the
publication of illustrated Egyptian papyri is very limited.
The following list mentions only a few of the best examples.
The numbers refer to the Manuscript Catalogue by Dr. Birch
Keeper of the Egyptian and Oriental antiquities in the British
Museum. {9900, "Barker" (good drawing)
{9901, " Clot-Bey" or "Hunefer"

PA

241

PA

{ 99 1 9 (yellow)
+995° (fragments coloured, in style of the 18th dynasty)
1 9955, "Hay"
Anastasi, 19 (miniatures)
Barker, 208 (drawings)
{Barker, 211, 215, 217, 219
{" Harris "
{Kelashar (a magnificent hieratic papyrus of the Roman
period, with pink, green, red, and greenish-yellow
colours, but not so well drawn as some)
{Salt, 825, 827, 828, 829
{Sams, 15
{Sams, 23 (caricatures)
{Sams, 26 (music)
{Wilkinson (a drawing)

Parables, Dives and La
zarus
11,695, f- 2
Harl. 2930, £ 157
Ar. 83
25,886, f.2i2*(Dives in hell)
The Sower
Ar. 44, £ 70. Wheat sown
on good ground and its three
classes of fruit illustrated, i.e.,
Fructustricesimus,conjugaiorum. Fructus sexagesimus, viduarum.
Fructus centesimus, virginum
(cf. Chaucer's Parson's Tale,
and Journ. Brit. Arch. Assoc,
1872, vol. xxviii., p. 384)
Good Samaritan
25,885, £ 273
The Ten Virgins
Ar. 44, £ 57
Paradise (emblematic
figure, with the Four Rivers,
the Cardinal Virtues, the
Evangelistic Symbols, and
the four Doctors of the
Western Church)
Ar. 44, £ 13
Scenes of
i9,S87
Eg. 943, ff- 129, etc.
19 C i, £ 201

Paradise, (continued.)
{17,026, f. 33 (with fountain
in the midst and figure of Christ
thereon, streaming blood)
{17,280, £ 77* (adoration of
Lamb) {18,193, £ 86*
{18 E v, £ 21 (God the
Father, Adam, Eve, and ani
mals)
Parandrus, human-faced
animal 12 F xiii, £ 24*
Paris, city of
{Jul. E iv, £ 206
Paris (Matthew), monk
of St. Albans, portrait (by
himself)
{14 C vii, £ 6
Parliament, at West
minster
Harl. 1319, £ 57
Session of a
18 E ii, £ 267 *
Parmenio, assassination
of 17 F i, £ 149* 17

PA

242

PA

Partridge and eggs Patrick, Saint
Slo. 278, £ 36 20 D vi, £ 221 *
PASSOVER . In his Purgatory
17,280, £ 96* 17 B xliii, £ 132*
PAUL, Saint, Apostle. — This Saint is usually found
in company with Saint Peter, wearing the usual conventional
flowing dress, and carrying a sword as emblem. There are a
few pictures representing his conversion, but, except as a sub
ordinate companion of Saint Peter, he seldom appears in minia
tures as a symbolical figure.

Harl. 76, £ 8
Harl. 2804, £ 231
Vesp. A i, £ 1 *
Harl. 5102, £ 118
11,843, f- 3*
17,006, £ 161 *
2i,973, f- 91
23,I45> f- 3°
30,084, £ 241
Harl. 2449, £ 178
Harl. 4381, £ 4
Harl. 4382, £ 211
15 D ii, £ 104
17 E vii, £ 453*
18 D viii
19 B xvii, ff. 5, 159
4836, £ 6 *
11,865, f- 1
11,866, £ 160
11,867, £ 15°
14,803, £ 102
15,525, £ 108
i5,8i5,ff.6*,7*,8*,3o*,43* 17,012, £ 61 *
17,026, £ 71
17,280, £ 343
17,353, f- 130*
17,943, f- 143*
18,851, £ 390
18,852, £ 409 *
18,854, £ 140
19,962, £ 161 *
22,590, £ 238
22,720, £ 48*
25,697, ff. 29 *, 268
27,697, ff- 93, 197
29,433, f- I96

+29,735, ff- 7, n8, 134*
30,014, £ 118 *
Eg 859, £ 33
Eg. 1068, f. 83 *
Eg. 1070, ff. 86, 95
Eg. 1 147, £ 210
Harl. 1766, £ 196 *
Harl. 2917, £ 176
Harl. 2929, £ 126
Harl. 2936, £ 106
Harl. 2948, £ 168
Harl. 2962, £ 35 *
Harl. 3000, £ 57
Harl. 5049, £ 59 *
Kings 7, £ 91 *
{Kings 9, £ 34*
2 B xiii, £ 28
15 D iii, ff. 481 *, 506
Slo. 2565, £ 45
Slo. 2571, £ 39
Slo. 2605, £ 99 *
Slo. 2916, £ 117 *
Conversion of
6 E vi, £ 15*
4836, £ 1 *
11,865, £ 87
15,813, £ 220*
18,851, £ 328*
29,253, f- 305*
+29,704, £ 12
30,038, £ 18
1 E ix, £ 306
Churches receiving the
Epistles of
1 E ix, ff. 287 *-3i9

PA

243

PE

Paul, (continued)
Opposing Simon Magus
20 D vi, £ 1
Martyrdom of
Nero D ii, £ 3 2 *
20 D vi, ff. 3 *, 12
11,865, £87
30,038, £ 41 *
Paul, the hermit
15,114, £ 183*
Paula, Saint
19 B xvii, £ 59
Pavement, geometric
20,698, f. 38 *
14 E v, f. 1
Pavilion
{Nero E ii, f. 2
Royal 18 G ii, f. 128.
See Tents.
Peace personified
20,916, ff. 21, 26, etc.
Peacock. The pictures
of these birds are often of
fine style of work, and of
good colouring
24,686, £ 16 *
•Harl. 4751, £ 54*
{Slo. 278, £ 39
{Harl. 3448, £ 32
{6 E ix, £ 23
{11,283, £ 23
11,696, £ 8
ti4,787 {14,816, £ 39*
{17,012, ff. 1, 37,45
{Aug. vi, £ 11
{HarL 2536, £ 1
Harl. 3469, ff. 4, 7
14 E iv, £ 63
{18 E v, £ 232
{19 E ii, £ 245
{20 C iii, ff. 12, 238

Peacock, (continued)
On a dish at a banquet
30,864, £ 1
Bringing in a cooked bird
at a banquet
20 C ii, £ 119
Pecham (John de) Arch
bishop of Canterbury, por
trait of
21,974, f. 21 *
Peer, English, time of
Elizabeth 28,330, £ 31
Pegasus, or winged horse
6 E ix, £ 28*
Harl. 4431, ff. 100*, 185
Pelagia, Saint, baptism of
20 D vi, £ 229 *
Pelican
6 E vi, £ 15
Slo. 278, £ 16 (in nest)
Ar. 83, ff. 126*, 133
{Harl. 3448, £ 7 (in nest on
tree) 22,557, £ 34*
{Burn 97, £ 6
Slo. 2605, £ 70 (over cross)
Penitent scourging him
self6 E vi, £ 218*
6 E vii, £ 443
Pennon
Tib. C vi, £ 8 *
11,695, £ 223
{2 A xxii, £ 220
Penny
Cleop. C xi, £ 26
Pentateuch, illustrated
in detail
Claud. B iv 17*

PE

244

PE

PENMANSHip,specimensof + i7,739
{18,720{28,681 {Eg. 1066
Harl. 4664
{6 E ix
£23,774 30,014
t3°,o59{Harl. 2947
Harl. 4924
Penthesilea, Queen, in
combat with Pyrrhus
15,268, f. 123
Perceforest, illustrated
romance of
15EV
19 E ii, iii

Perfumer's shop
{Tib. A vii, ff. 93, 95 *
Perseus
Ar. 339, f. 76 *
See Constellations.
Perpetua, Saint
17,444, f- 44*
Martyrdom of '
29,704, f. 20
Perugia, banner of guild
of tailors at
21,965, £ 4

PETER, Saint, Apostle and Pope. — As a rule the
representations of Peter are very simple. He wears the con
ventional flowing robes, and holds in his hand two keys. In
the usual symbolical pictures of this type, he is accompanied by
Paul, the martyrdom of the latter being commemorated on the
same day as that of Saint Peter. There are a few pictures of
his crucifixion, and some also representing his enthronisation as
Bishop of Antioch (commemorated in the Calendar on Feb.
22nd, under the title of Cathedra S. Petri Antiochice). This
event is often mixed up with his enthronisation as Pope, the
subject of another commemoration under the name of Cathedra
S. Petri Romce. Of other events, whether historical or legendary,
the titles speak for themselves.

{Titus D xxvi, £ 19 * (in
glory, with jewelled nimbus)
Harl. 76, £ 7 *
Vesp. A viii, £ 2 *
11,850, £ 10
Nero C iv, £ 32 (with others)
{Eg 1 139
14,813, £ 1 (with Paul)
Faust. B vii, £ 5 2 *
Vesp. A i, £ 1 *
Harl. 5102, f. 118
",843, f- 3*
2i,973> f- 9i
23,145, f- 29

Harl. 2449, £ 178
Harl. 4381, £ 4
Harl. 4382, £ 250
19 B xvii, £ 5
19 D ii, £ 577
4836, ff. 6*, 179
11,865, ff. 1*, 3*
11,866, £ 160
11,867, £ 149*
14,803, £ 102
15,525, £ 108
15,815, ff. 18, 23*, 43*
17,012, £ 61 *
17,026, £ 71

PE

245

PE

Peter, (continued.)
17,280, f. 343
17,353, f- 13°*
£17,943, f- 143*
+ 18,197
18,852, £ 409*
18,854, £ 140
19,416, £ 138*
19,962, £ 161 *
22,590, £ 238
22,720, f. 46 *
27,697, ff. 93, 119
29,433, f- I96
30,014, £ 118 *
Tib. B iii, f. 147
Eg 859, £ 41
Eg. 1068, £ 83 *
Eg. 1070, ff. 94 *, 95, 97 *
Eg. 1 147, £ 210
Harl. 121 1, £ 87 *
Harl. 1766, £ 196*
Harl. 2929, £ 126
Harl. 2936, £ 106
Harl. 2948, £ 168
Harl. 2962, £ 35 *
Harl. 2989, £ 117
Harl. 3000, £ 57 *
Harl. 5049, f. 59 *
Kings 7, £ 91 *
{Kings 9, £ 32*
2 B xiii, £ 28
Slo. 2321, f. 132 *
Slo. 2418, £ 133 *
Slo. 2565, £ 45
Slo. 2571, £ 39*
Slo. 2605, £ 99 *
Slo. 2916, £ 117 *
Call of
29,902, f. 1
£29,704, f- 5
{15,813, £ 214* (with Saint
Andrew in a boat)
Confessing Jesus Christ
{Harl. 2897, £ 326
Walking on the sea
Ar. 157, £ 7*
Harl. 5102, f. 129

Peter, (continued.)
Denial of
Ar. 157, £ 7 * (with crowing
cock) {16 G iii, £ 141
Healing lame man at gate
{Harl. 2897, £ 323
Preaching {Harl. 2897, £ 182
Baptizing Harl. 2917, £ 115
In prison
Harl. 2897, £ 349
25,697, f- 307
30,014, £ 122 *
Led out of prison by angel
Cal. A xiv, £ 22
Harl. 2891, f. 267
16,907, £ 165
18,851, £ 419*
30,038, £ 48
Enthroned Pope
19 B xvii, £ 77 (by two
bishops) 4836, £ 2 *
15,813, £ 226*
15,815, £ 34
16,907, £ 65
18,851, £ 345 *
£29,735, f- 121*
30,038, £ 23 *
Consecrating Saint Prosde-
cimus, Bishop of Padua
15,813, £ 268*
Opposing Simon Magus
20 D vi, £ 1
" Domine quo vadis "
11,865, £ 87
Martyrdom of
28,784 B, £ 2
20 D vi, £ 31
i7,34i, £ 144
Nero D ii, £ 32 *
19 B xvii, £ 153 *
11,865, £87
16,907, £ 133

PE

246

PH

Peter, (continued.)
i8,85i,f.392 (with Saint Paul)
30,038, £ 39 *
Lans. 1 179, ff. 50*, 149*
Healing Saint Agatha
19 B xvii, £ 73
At the gate
19 B xvii, £ 190*
Enthroned, holding keys and
book, with monk praying at feet
{Tit. D xxvi, £ 19 *

Peter Celestine, Saint
18,192, £ 218
Peter, Saint, of Luxem
burg
17,353, f- 13
27,697, £ 104*
Harl. 2865, £ 106*

PETER, Saint, of Milan. — This Saint, well known in
many pictures painted for houses of the Dominican order, is
often spoken of as "Saint Peter Martyr" (though not to be
confounded with a very different person of the same name who
made himself notorious in the sixteenth century). He is repre
sented as a Dominican friar, and frequently a sword or knife is
shown thrust into his head. There is a very fine picture of
his martyrdom in the National Gallery, by the hand of one
of the greatest of Venetian artists, John Bellini.

28,784 B, £ 2
1 9 B xvii, £ 1 1 6 *
16,907, £ 101
27,697, f- 197
Eg. 1070, £ 91
Martyrdom of
21,926, £ 14
{18,851, £365
Peter the Hermit preach
ing the Crusade
27,376, £ 68
Eg. 1500, £ 44*
PETRUsCANTOR,portraitof £19,767, f- "It-
Petrarch, portrait of
Harl. 3567, f. 9
Petticoat, flounced
14 E ii, £ 249
Phaedra, figure of
Harl. 1766, £ 36

Pharamund, King of the
French
Faust. B vii, £ 57
Pharaoh
15,248, £ 33
Harl. 1766, £ 24
Receiving Jacob
15,268, £ 67
Dream of the kine and the
ears of corn
{15,268, £56*
Speaking to the elders
24,678, £ 12
Ordering the Israelites to build
{24,678, £ 13
With host in Red Sea
17,280, £ 211
Eg. 2076, £ 8 *
Pheasants
Harl. 7026, £ 5

PH

247

PI

Philip, Saint, Apostle
17,006, £ 152
{Harl. 2897, £ 285
19 B xvii, £ 122
4836, £ 5
11,866, £ 163*
15,525, f. 109
15,711, £ 105* (with Saint
James) 15,815, £ 40
18,192, £ 208*
18,851, £ 367
29,433, f- 200
Eg. 859, £ 40
Eg. 1070, £ 91 *
Preaching 20 D vi, f. 48 *
Philip, King of France,
portrait of
Harl. 4335, £ 10
11,662, £ 5*
Philip II. , King of Spain,
presented to the B. V. M.
by Saint Michael
Claud. B x
Philip IV., of France
{10,341, f. 8
Translator offering book to
21,602
Philip, son of Philip,
King of France
Harl. 4385, f. 1
Philippa of Lancaster,
marriage of
14 E xiv, f. 284
Philosophers
15,685, ff. 83, etc.
Aug. A v, £ 59 *
17 C xxxviii, f. 48
School of
Aug. A v, £ 103

Philosophy, diagrams il
lustrative of
Harl. 2637, ff. 8 *, etc.
Ar. 339, £ 1
Personified {6 E ix, f. 27
Harl. 4336, f. 1 * ; 4337, f.
2 > 4338, £ 1 * (in Boethius
" de Consolatione ")
Phosbus. See Sun.
Phoenix
{Tib. B v, £ 8 *
Slo. 278, £ 35*
Harl. 4751, £ 45
12 C xix, £ 49 * (automoly)
Harl. 3448, £ 33
Slo. 3544, £ 26*
i4,8r6, £ 40*
Phul, King of Assyria
Faust. B vii, f. 49
Phylactery
24,098, f. 8 *
Physicians
Slo. 1975, ff. 85 *, 91*
Harl. 1585, ff. 6 *, 8, 9
Slo. 1977
20,698, £ 231 *
15 E ii, £ 77*
16 G viii, £ 32
19 C vi, £ 20
Consultation of
Slo. 1977
With bottle
20 C ix, £ 310
Harl. 4379, £ 125*
Doctor holding a bottle
Harl. 1585, £ 72 *
Slo. 1975, £ 85 *
Slo. 1977, £ 50, 136
19 C vi, £ 20
Shop of
{Slo. 1977
15 E ii, £ 165

PI

248

PL

Piat, Saint
Slo. 2916, £ 122
Pier, or landing stage
15 E iv, £ 212 *
Fortified 20 E vi, £ 15*
Pigeons, or Doves,
scheme of the mystical sig
nification of
Slo. 278, £ 2*
Pigeon-house
{Harl. 4571, £ 51*
12 C xix, £ 54
Pilate ordering the de
livery of the body of Jesus
Christ to Saint Joseph
17,913, f- 133
Killing the Gaulish prince
16 G iii, £ 193
See Jesus Christ.
Piles, driving
{Harl. 6205, £ 23
Pilgrims
Tib. A vii, £ 40
Tib. B iii, £ 146
Harl. 2278, £ 99 *
Pillion
17,012, £ 5
Pincers
Claud. Biv, £ 18*
Pineau (Charles) , a
friar, presenting book to the
Sire de Chasteaubrient
Harl. 4393, £ 2 *
Pinks, in borders
{19 E ii
{19 E iii
See Flowers.

Pipin, King
Faust. B vii, £ 62
Pinna, or muscle
Burn. 97, £ 43
Pisa, view of
{16 G i, £ 1
Pitchfork
Jul. A vi, £ 6 *
Harl. 603
Placidus, Saint
21,926, £ 14*
Martyrdom 20 D vi, £ 213 *
Planets, busts of,
Tib. B v, £ 44 *
Personified 19 C i, ff. 38, 52 *, etc.
£23,770
Planks, rustic bridge of
19 E v, f. 336*
Plants, various
Vitel. C iii
{Harl. 1585
{Slo. 1975
Harl. 4986, ff. 1-44
{29,301, ff. 51, etc. (a series)
£Eg. 2020 (very fine series)
Planting trees, men
20,698, £ 85
Platform, or Pulpit
20 B xx, f. 29 *
See Ecclesiastical Furni
ture : — Pulpit.
Plato, portrait of
Vitel. C hi, £ 19
Writing on a desk at a press
Harl. 3481

PL

249

PO

Plenty personified
{20,916, ff. 21, 26, etc,
Harl. 3281, £ 1
Plough, and Ploughing
Jul. A vi, £ 3
Tib. B v, £ 3
Harl. 603, ff. 51*, 54*
12 F xiii, £ 37 *
{28,162, f. 8*
Nero D ii, £ 10 *
{Slo. 3983, £ 7
{19,720, £ 54*
20,698, £ 84
{Aug. A v, £ 161*
Harl. 2702, £ 2
Harl. 4375, £ 77
Harl. 4431, £ 109*
Harl. 5256
{Kings 24, £ 17
See Seasons.
Plutarch, "yitae" of,
illustrated 22,318
Poet
Tib. A iv, £ 8 *
Poetry personified
n,866, f. 11
PoisOn, administration
of, and effect
Harl. 4376, £ 271
14 E v, £ 306
Pollard willows
{14 E vi, £ 193
POLYNICES AND TyDEUS,
duel of
15,268, £ 81 *
Pompey, portrait of
{22,318, £ 45
Eg. 1065, £ 172 *
Scenes in life of
17 F ii

Pompey, (continued)
Death of
14 E v, £ 318*
16 G viii, £ 311
17 F ii, £ 263
PONTAUDEMER, siege of
20 C ix, £ 155 *
PoNTE(Niccolo da), Doge
of Venice, portrait of
{15,817, £ 1*
Ponthoise, siege of
{20 C ix, £ 126
Poor, and Rich, in con
trast Harl. 4336, £ 1 *
Relief of
19 D i, f- 95
Poor despoiling queens
18 D vii, £ 52
Pope 23,923
Ar. 481
16 G v, £ 123
18,851, £ 198
20694, ff. 17, 84
24,189, £ 7 *
27,697, £ 103 *
+3°,oi4, f- 163
Harl. 2935, £ 120
15 E i, £ 307
Series of portraits of
Ar. 117 (with prophetical
pictures) Eg. 1500, ff. 21, etc.
{Harl. 3461
Death-bed of a
Harl. 4380, £ 18*
Murder of a
Nero D ii, f. 192 *
Court of a
15,27423,923

P0

250

PR

Pope, (continued.)
24,642, £ 101
Harl. 3746, £ 3
10 E iv, £ 4 (with Cardinals)
Harl. 3751
{Harl. 4379, f- 34
Harl. 4380, ff. 4, etc.
Porcupine
{Burn. 97, £ 26 *
15 E iv, £ 179
Portcullis
14 E iv, £ 121
Badge in border
20 E i-vi
Portrait heads of various
dignitaries, etc.
24,642
Of Portuguese and Spanish
royal personages
£12,531
From Roman coins
Ar. 65
Venetian 20,916
Portuguese and Spanish
genealogy
{12,531 (a very fine series of
pictures)
Potiphar's wife showing
Joseph's garment
Nero C iv, £ 5
POulet( — ) miniatures by,
at Shene, in a.d. 1496
{19 C viii
Poverty personified
19 B xiii, £ 8
20 A xvii, £ 6
Tib. A vii, £ 100
Eg. 2022, £ 9
{Harl. 4425, ff. n *, 73, etc.
20 C iv, £ 77* (with Fortune)

Praxedis, Saint
18,851, f. 407*
Prayer, attitudes of
{19,767, ff. 194, etc.
Preacher, seditious
Harl. 4380, f. 20
Prester-john
Slo. 1977, £ 9*
.,15,456, £ 2
Priapus
1"ii,355, f- 329
Pride, overcome by hu
mility (emblematical figures)
Ar. 44, £ 32
Priest, vested
11,870, £ 52
In chamber
Ar. 157, £ 46
In cassock (secular)
6 E vi, £ 137
In cassock
17 E vii, £ 2 *
With browned stole
Lans. n 7 5, £ 296 *
With holy water
28,962, £ 378*
Sprinkling corpse at grave,
soul being taken by angel from
fiend Harl. 5762, £ 116
Talking with a wolf
13 B viii, £ 17 *
Turned mad, becomes a wild
man 10 E iv, ff 131-134
One stripping another
10 E iv, £ 135
On top of church viewing stars
24,642, £ 241

PR

251

PS

Priest, (continued.)
Jewish £iS,277
Giving money to the soldiers
Ar. 83, £ 133 *
Primeval mankind, ' ' Les
Gens du temps passe "
{Harl. 4425, £ 76*
Prince
Aug. A v, £ 45 *
Harl. 4385, ff. 59*, 76*, etc.
At devotion
16 F ii, £ 210 *
Princes 20 C i, ff. 292, etc.
In tent
17 F i, ff. 129*, 145, etc.
On throne
19 C viii, £ 18 *
With courtiers
19 B x, £ 1
Prison
12,228, £ 8
19 B xiii, £ 31 *
19 C i, £ 79 * (prisoner
visited) 21,247
Harl. 4380, £ 48
In a tower
Harl. 4375, f- 45
Prisoners led by ropes
Harl. 4374, £ 129
Naked Harl. 4431, f- 100
Hands tied
20 B xx, £ 39 *

Procopius, Saint
18,851, f. 405
Prodigies
Harl. 4374, ff. 77 *, etc.
Progress, royal
18 E ii, £ 225 *
Prophets
6 E ix, £ 7 *
19 C i, ff. 92 *, 93, etc.
25,435
Harl. 2803 (minor)
1 E ix, £ 34 *
David and others seated in
a circle holding lilies and roses;
above in blue medallions are
the scenes of the Passion, the
destruction of Jerusalem, and
Saints with attributes
{18,851, £ 146*
Prosdecimus, Saint,
Bishop of Padua
15,813, ff. 267, 268*
30,038, £ 67
Consecrated 15,813, £ 268*
Prudence personified
11,866, £ 7*
15,685, £ 60*
Pruning fruit trees
Tib. B v, £ 3 *
Psalms, allegorical pic
tures of the
{Harl. 603
Of degrees
18,851, £ 184*

PSALMS. — There are a few instances in early Manu
scripts of the Psalter in which every Psalm has been illustrated
in the fullest detail, as, for example, the " Utrecht Psalter," the
"Harley Psalter," No. 603, and the "Eadwine Psalter" in
Trinity College, Cambridge; but it is more common to find

ps 252 PS
that certain Psalms have been chosen for pictures, and others
left entirely unadorned. With a few exceptions, the Psalms
thus distinguished by illustrations are the same in all Psalters ;
and as the Psalter, when it forms a separate Manuscript com
plete in itself, is to be considered as a liturgical and not a
Biblical work, it is not surprising to find that the illustrations
are annexed to those Psalms which begin the more important
services of the Breviary. The following is a list of the com:
monly illustrated Psalms, with the services which they begin
according to the Roman and Salisbury uses.
Beatus Vir (Ps. 1). Sunday Matins. (Generally an initial
of elaborate work.)
Dominus illuminatio ?nea (Ps. 26). Monday Matins. (The
picture varies.)
Dixi Custodiam (Ps. 38). Tuesday Matins. (Figure of a
man pointing to his tongue. )
Dixit insipiens (Ps. 52). Wednesday Matins. (A fool or
jester with cap and bells.)
Salvum mefac Deus (Ps. 68). Thursday Matins. (Figure
in water.)
Exultate Deo (Ps. 80). Friday Matins. (David playing on
harp or bells.)
Cantate Domino (Ps. 97). Saturday Matins. (Cantors
singing.)
Domine exaudi (Ps. 10 1). Saturday Matins according to
the Benedictine use.
Dixit Dominus (Ps. 109). Sunday Vespers. (Figures of
the first two Persons of the Trinity.)
Besides these, a few others have illustrations, but they do not
form part of the regular set, although some of them are of
frequent occurrence. Among these may be mentioned Quid
Gloriaris (Ps. 51), and Dilexi Quoniam (Ps. 114), both of which
occur in many books. This practice of illuminating the liturgical
divisions is of early date, and is found in the oldest book in our
list, the " Saint Augustine Psalter " (Vesp. A i.), a Manuscript
of the eighth century, or even earlier, wherein the system differs
very slightly from that adopted in the Psalters here referred
to, most of which are of the thirteenth century or later. It
is probable that such Psalters as give prominence to Ps. 101
will be found to be of Benedictine origin; and it is curious
to note that in most of these the secular arrangement of the
services is equally indicated, so as to afford a guide to
either use. The recently acquired Egerton MS. 2432, a Psalter
of German style and of the fourteenth century, has the psalms
which are specified above, not illustrated according to the usual
method.

"Beatus Vir" (Ps. 1)
19 D iv, £ 265
Cleop. B xiv, £ 13

"Adtelevavi" (Ps. 24)
16,905
Harl. 2891, f. 20

PS

253

PS

Psalms, (continued.)
"Dominus illuminatio" (Ps.26)
17,868, £35* '
19,899, f- 25
30,045, £ 17
Cleop. B xiv, f. 34
2 A iii, £ 35 *
16,975, £ 42
28,681, £ 39*
29,253, f- 3°*
29,407, £ 32
19 D iv, £ 289*
Harl. 1892, £ 46 *
" Dixi custodiam " (Ps. 38)
17,868, f. 69*
21,926, £ 66*
19,899, £ 37
30,045, £ 23
Cleop. B xiv, £ 48
1 D x, £ 42 *
28,681, £ 54*
29,253, f- 36
29,407, £ 47 *
{Harl. 2897, £ 33 *
19 D iv, £ 272*
27,591, £ 60
{28,962, £ 122
Harl. 1892, £ 57
1 E ix, £ 146 *
{15 D iii, £ 259
" Quid gloriaris" (Ps. 51)
19,899, £ 46
21,926, £ 81
Ar. 157, £ 51 * (martyrdom
of priests before a king)
Haii. 5102, £ 49
2 A iii, £ 65 *
28,681, £ 68
29,253, f- 4i
27,59i, f- 76*
" Dixit insipiens " (Ps. 52)
27,59i, f- 77*
28,962, £ 136 *
Harl. 1892, £ 68
Harl. 3000, £ 189
2 A xvi, £ 63 * (King Henry
VIII. as David, William, Som-
mers, his jester, as the fool)

Psalms, (continued.)
19,899, £ 46*
30,045, f. 28
Cleop. B xiv, £ 61
Harl. 5102, £ 49 *
1 D x, £ 52 *
i6,975, f- 63
29,253, f- 4i*
29,407, £ 61 *
{Harl. 2897, £ 42 *
Harl. 4664, £ 139 *
19 D ii, £ 251 *
19 D iv, £ 275 *
" Deus in nomine tuo "(Ps. 53)
Ar. 104, £ 344
" Salvum me fac " (Ps. 68)
19,899, £ 57*
21,114, £ 56*
30,045, £ 33 *
Ar. 157, £ 60*
Cleop. B xix, £ 74 *
Harl. 2930, £ 56
Harl. 5102, £ 61
1 D x, £ 62
2 A iii, £ 81 *
28,681, f. 82 *
28,784 B, £ 16
29,253, f- 47
29,407, f- 76
{Harl. 2897, £ 56*
17 E vii, £ 243 *
19 D iv, £ 278*
16,968, £ 68*
27,59i, f- 95
28,962, £ 151 (David in the
sea) Harl. 1892, f. 76 *
Harl. 3000, £ 199
1 E ix, £ 149*
2 A xii, £ 3 1 1 *
{15 D iii, £ 265 (David in the
water) " Exultate Deo " (Ps. 80)
19,899, f- 7i
21,114, £ 68 *
3°,o45, f- 4o *
Cleop. B xiv, £91
Harl. 5102, f. 77 *

PS

254

PU

Psalms, (continued.)
2 A iii, £ 100
16,975, f. 86
29,253, f- 54
29,407, f- 94*
19 D iv, £ 282
27,591, £ 116
Harl. 1892, £ 87 *
2 A xvi, £ 98 *
{15 D iii, £ 268 (David play
ing on bells)
2 A xii, £ 321 *
" Cantate Domino " (Ps. 97)
19,899, £ 84
21,926, £ 132 *
30,045, £ 46 *
Cleop. B xiv, £ 106
2 A iii, £ 118
i6,975, f- 97
28,681, £ 116'* (monks
singing) 29,253, f- 60
29,407, £ 112
{Harl. 2897, £ 72 *
Harl. 4664, £ 157 *
17 E vii, £ 250
19 D iv, £ 285
Harl. 1892, £ 97
2 A xii, £ 330 *
{15 D iii, £ 171 (David con
ducting choir)
" Domine exaudi" (Ps. 101)
19,899, f- 85 *
1 D x, £ 87 *
2 A iii, £ 124*
16,975, £ 98*
29,253, f- 61
27,59i, f- 138*
"Dixit Dominus" (Ps. 109)
Lans. 383, £ 108
17,868, £ 143
21,926, £ 151 (God the
Father seated with God the Son)
30,045, £ 53
Cleop. B xiv, £ 123
Harl. 5102, f. 184
1 D x, £ 98
19 D iv, £ 289

Psalms, (continued.)
{18,851, f. 173
27,591, £ 187
{15 D hi, £ 274* (God the
Father seated with God the Son)
" In exitu Israel" (Ps. 113)
18,851, £ 174 (Egyptians in
Red Sea)
"Dilexi quoniam'' (Ps. 114)
18,851, £ 174*
" Lsetatus sum " (Ps. 121)
18,851, £ 185
"Memento Domine David"
(Ps. 131)
18,851, £ 187
" Confitebor tibi, Domine "
(Ps. 131)
18,851, £ 189
27,59i, f- 199
Publius Malleolus,
stabbing a woman in the neck
Harl. 4374, £ 1
Pulley
10 E iv, £ 249 *
Double 10 E iv, £ 289*
Purgatory, scenes in
19,587
Eg. 943, ff 62, etc.
11,866, £ 120
15,677, £ 200
+ i5,7ii, f- 145
17,012, £ 158*
{18,193, £ 86*
24,153, f- 195*
Eg. 2125, £ 13*
17 B xliii, f. 149 *(Tundale's)
17 B xliii, f. 132*
Purse, or money-bag
10 D viii, £ 315 *
15,274, £ 91*
23,144, £ 6
10 E iv, f. 73

PU

255

QU

Purse, (continued.)
19 B xiii, £ 6*
19 C i, £ 32*
19 D i, £ 115
Slo. 3983, ff. 20,25
£10,341, f- 8
15,685, £ 34*
Nero E ii, £ 8 *
Eg. 2022, £ 5 *
Harl. 4336, £ 1 *
Harl. 4375, ff. 1, 123, 135*
Harl. 4385, £ 94
Harl. 441 1, £ 90
{Harl. 4425, £ 9
Harl. 4431, £ 120
Lans. 1179, £ 259*
14 E iv, £ 10
16 F v, £ 1 (hanging)
17 C xxxviii, £ 12
17 E vi, £ 81
20 A xix, £ 1
Putting-the-weight, a
game
10 E iv, £ 96
Pygmalion, story of
19 B xiii, £ 138*
Harl. 4425, ff. 177*, 178*
20 A xvii, ff. i68*-i7i
Pyramus and Thisbe,
story of
16 G v, £ 15
20 C v, £ 22
Pyre, of the Phcenix
12 C xix, £ 49*
Funeral Kings 24, £ 101 *
See Cremation.
Pyrrhus, King
Harl. 1766, £ 148*
Scenes in life of
22,318, £ 144*
Combat of, with Penthesilea
15,268, £ 123

Pyrrhus, (continued)
With Polyxena
Harl. 1766, ff. 87*, etc.
Death of
22,318, £ 166 Q
Queen
{6 E ix, £ 20 *
£10,341, ff 31*, H3*
16 G v, f. 6
17 E iv
20 C v
Enthroned 15,685, £ 6*
In combat
15,268, £ 123
With princes
Harl. 4385, £ 59 *
With court ladies
Harl. 4431, £ 2
20 B xx, £ 7
See Courtiers.
With ladies viewing tournament
Harl. 326, £ 113
See Tournaments.
Quentin, Saint
28,784 A, £ 139*
Eg. 1070, £ 105*
Quern
Cleop. C xi, £ 10*
10 E iv, £ 144
Quesne (Jehan du), his
works of illumination at
Lille, at the end of the 15 th
century 16 G viii
17 F i, vi, vii, etc.
QUINTUS CURTIUS,
works of
See List of Manuscripts.
Quirinus, Saint
15,456, £ 2

RA

256

RE

R
Rabanus Maurus, Saint
£Harl. 3045, £ 33 *
Rabbi
25,886, £ 18
Rabbit warren
10 E iv, ff. 40, 41
19 B xv, £ 2*
27,699, ff. 16, etc.
Netting rabbits
10 E iv, £ 53
Radegunda, Saint
24,686, £ 3
. Eg. 1070, £ 98
Rainbow
Claud. B iv, f. 16 *
Eg 943, ff- 129, etc.
See Resurrection.
Rake
Jul. A vi, £ 4
Ram
Slo. 3983, £ 3 *
Raphael, Archangel
Harl. 2804, f. 119*
Harl. 4381, £ 226*
{15 D iii, £ 220*
Razor
15 E vi, £ 5
Reading, scenes of
Slo. 1977, £ 48 (lectern)
Burn. 275
Eg. 2020, £ 1 (library)
19 A xx, £ 2 (roll)
10,341, £ 31 * (desk)
15,3°°, f- 1 (book)
Harl. 17 17, £ 61 * (lectern)
Harl. 3999,- £ 1 (two per
sons, shaded by angel)

Reading, (continued.)
Harl. 4431, £ 109 (party of
ladies) 16 F viii
16 G v, £ 57 (party)
16 C v, £ 99 (lady)
17 E iv, £ 261 (lady)
19 B x, £ 2 (prince)
20 B ix, £ 1
See Furniture : — Desks.
Reaping, scenes of
Tib. B v, £ 5 *
1 E ix, £ 62 *
£19,720, £ 54*
See Seasons.
Reaping-hook. See Sickle.
Reason personified
19 B xiii, £ 16
Harl. 4425, £ 57
16 F iv, ff. 3, 38*
Red Sea, the
Tib. B v, £ 84 *
Passage of
30,337 19,962, £ 41 *
See Bibles.
Reefs in sails
Jul. A v, £ 4 *
Rees-ap-Meredith, death of
Nero D ii, £ 185 *
Remigius, Saint, Bishop
Harl. 2897, £ 406
19 B xvii, £ 276
Eg. 1070, £ 103 *
Rene, King of Provence,
pictures by
{Eg. 1070, ff. 5,53, no, 139
Supposed portrait of
Eg. 1070, £ 139

RE

257

RE

RESURRECTION, General, and Last Judgment—
These two subjects generally form one picture, and are mostly
of late dat'e, and of one almost invariable type. In the upper
part of the picture Our Lord sits upon a rainbow, displaying His
wounded hands, feet, and side, and sometimes holding a "sharp
two-edged sword " in His mouth. On either side stand or kneel
the Blessed Virgin and Saint John Baptist, while angels, some
blowing trumpets, are frequently disposed around. The lower
half shows a flat green plain, dotted with little naked figures, who
are pushing up their tombstones and coming out of their graves,
while in many ' cases troops of Devils come from the flaming
mouth of Hell, loaded with souls, or dragging them along in
fiery chains. In some cases Heaven, Hell, Purgatory, Paradise,
and Earth are all included, but the more usual form of picture
simply shows Heaven and Earth.

Claud. B iv, £ 2
Nero C iv, £ 31
17,868, £ 30*
21,926, £ 25
28,784 B, 16*
23,!45, f- 250*
Harl. 4996, f.
types) 2 B iii, £ 112
{19 C i, f. 124*
£15,265 15,267, £ 88*
{15,456, £ 2
15,525, f- i°6
15,677, f- 32
17,280, £ 44
17,466, £ 153*
17,467, £ 103 *
£i7,943, f- i°6
18,192, f. 89*
18,213, £ 52
18,852, £ 293 *
19,416, £ 87 *
20,729, ff. 24*,
20,859, £ 19*
22,720, £ 70 *
24,153, f- 192*
{25,693, f- 52
{25,887, £ 282*
27,697, f- i55*
29,433, f- us*
27,948, £ no*
29,887, f. 116

39 (O. T.

142 *

Ar. 203, £ 35
Ar. 302, £ 56 *
Ar. 318, f. 89*
Ar. 341, £ 88
{Eg. 940, £ 34*
Harl. 12 1 1, £ 58*
Harl. 1251, £ 109
Harl. 1662, £ 69 *
Harl. 2884, £ 152 *
{Harl. 2915, £ 43 *
Harl. 2933, £ 99
Harl. 2943, £ 112 *
Harl. 2947, £ 51
Harl. 2952, £ 61 (gris.)
Harl. 2966, £ 53 *
Harl. 2971, £ 163
Harl. 2972, £ 134 (with sym
bols of Evangelists)
Harl. 2982, £ 59 *
Harl. 2989, £ 73
Harl. 3000, £ 99 *
{Harl. 3999, £ 21
Harl. 5762, £ 170
Kings 7, £ 69 *
2 A viii, £ 69 *
2 A xviii, £ 66
19 A xxii, £ 26
Slo. 2471, £ 109 *
Slo. 2565, £ 85 *
Slo. 2633, £ 94*
Slo. 2683, £ 71*
Slo. 2692, £ 98 * (gris.)
18

RH

258

RI

Rheims, city of
Eg. 1069, £ 100 *
Synod or Council of
18 E ii, £ 365
Rhetoric personified
11,866, £ 9*
Diagrams of
Harl. 2637, ff. 11, 12
Rhine, river and scenery
{16 G viii, £ 147 *
Richard I., Kingof Eng
land
20 A ii, f. 8
{Jul. E iv, £ 3 *
Coronation of
Nero D ii, f. 119
In prison
Vit. A xiii, £ 4
Death of
Vit. A xiii, £ 4
Richard II., King of
England
{Jul. E iv, art. 6, ff. 1 *, 6 *, etc.
14 D yi, £ 303
14 E iv, f. 10
Life of
{Harl. 1319
{Harl. 4379
{Harl. 4380
14 D vi
Coronation procession
15 E iv, £ 245 *
Marriage with Isabel of France
18 E ii, £ 269 *
Abdication {Harl. 4380, £ 184*
Funeral of
Harl. 4380, £ 197 *
Richard, son of Henry I.
drowned
Claud. D ii, £ 42 *
20 A ii, £ 6 *

Riders, a company of
{Harl. 3448
Harl. 4389
10 E iv, £ 26*
19 C i, £ 203
19 D i
20 A v
20 D ii
12,228
20,698, £ 51*
30,864Burn. 257
Nero D ix
Nero E ii
{Harl. 200
Harl. 4376, f. 90
Harl. 4380
Harl. 443 1, ff. 82, 83, 146, etc.
16 F i, f. 227* (with stand
ards) 17 E v, £ 112 1
18 G ii, £ 148
20 B xx
20 C i
20 C ix, £ 166 (royal party,
at head of army, met by nobles
at city gate)
20 D xi
Slo. 2433, £ 121 *
Single figure of a rider
Tib. B v, £ 80 *
Calig. A viii, £ 121
Ar. 484, £ 190*
Vitel. D i, £ 25
13 B viii, £ 29
14 E ii, ff. 193, 294
Harl. 17 17, £ 112
14 E v, £ 24* (with wife
and child)
Lady rider
20,698, £ 63
14 E v, £ 24 *
16 G v, £ 22 *
20 C v, £ 31 *
See Battle scenes.

RI

259

RO

Ries (Jehan du), illumi
nations by, in 1482, at
Bruges
{15 E ii, iii
Rings Tib. C vi, £ 10 *
Wedding 6 E vi, £ 104
22,279, f- 13
Gem 10 E iv, £ 29
Emperor giving a, to princess
20 C i, £ 292
River, personification of
the Po
23,970
Rizzoleti (Battista de'),
Vicar of the Scuola del
Corpo di Christo, at St.
John the Almoner's, Venice,
portrait of
15,817, £ 1 *
Roads of Britain, dia
gram of the
{Nero A iv, £ 92*
Roasting a child
Lans. 1179, £ 91 *
Robbers stripping victim
10 E iv, f. 9
19 C i, £ 32 *
Robert, King of Naples,
portrait of.
{6 E ix, £ 10 *
Roche, Saint
15,281, £ 210*
18,854, £ 146*
Eg. 2125, £ 209*
Rochester, busts of the
bishops of
{Nero D ii, ff. 118, etc.

Rocks. See Landscapes.
Rod, or implement of
castigation Burn. 275, f. 94
Rome, history of
12,029
+ 22,318
Harl. 4374-5
15 D vi
19 E v
View of
{Aug. A v, ff. 67 *, 38c * (fan
ciful) 13 A iii, £ 21 *
Streets of
17 F ii, £ 172 *
Romuleon, or,the History
of the Romans, illustrated
19 E v
Romulus and Remus,
story of
25,884, £ 166
Suckling the wolf
Lans. 1 178, £ 19
15 D vi, £ 7
19 E v, £ 32
Romulus, Saint, martyr
dom 11,870, £ 67
Rondinelli (Francisco
de') Warden of the Scuola
del Corpo di Christo, at St.
John the Almoner's, Venice,
portrait of
15,817, f- 1 *
Rosamund, Queen, death
of Harl. 1766, £ 222 18*

RO

26o

SA

Rosary
6 E vi, ff. 60*, 518*
6 E vii, ff. 117 *, 120
17 D vi, £ 90 *
Harl. 4866, £ 88
Of the Passion
15,525, ff- 16, 27, 38, 49
Rose, white and red,
united 14 E ii
14 E vi
18 E iii, iv, and many others
En soleil
{18 G ii, £ 200
Rose gardens
Eg. 2022
{Harl. 4425, £ 39
Roman de la Rose
19 B xiii
20 A xviii
{Eg. 2022
{Harl. 4425
Rouen, view of
Jul. E iv, ff. 219, 219 *, etc.
Rounders, game at
10 E iv, £ 94*
Rous (John) life of
Richard Beauchamp, with
fine drawings
{Jul. E iv, art. 6
Rubicon, fording the
20 C i, £ 117
Ruffyn, a knight
Harl. 1766, f. 208*
Rufina, Saint, martyr
dom
Harl. 2897, f. 333
Ruiles, Saint, (writing
the names of Saint Denis
and his companions on his
tomb) Eg 745, f- 57 *

Rustic
Cleop. C xi, £ 2 *
See Seasons.
Ruth gleaning ,
1 E ix, £ 62 *
See Bibles.

Sabatius, Saint, martyr
dom 11,870, £ 141
Sacking a city
{Harl. 4376, £ 356 *
20 B xx, £ 97
Sack, putting man in a
Harl. 4374, £ 1
Sacraments See Ecclesiastical Cere
monies. Sacrifice, heathen
17,742, £ 117
Burn. 257, ff. 33 *, 359, etc.
Kings 24, £ 88
13 B viii, £ 28 *
Harl. 621, £ 3 *
17 E v, £ 139
Burn. 169, £ 75 *
Burn. 3, £ 90 * (priest slay
ing lamb)
Sacrilege, forms of
20,787, f. IOI *
Saddles
Harl. 603, f. 23
11,695, f- 168
Harl. Roll y 6
24,686, £ 18
+ 17,333, ff- 6, 32
18,633

SA

26l

SA

Saddles, (continued.)
22,493
15 D ii, £ 127
17 E vii, ff. 17, m
17,399
29,704, £ 23
Harl. 2846, £ 36 *
19 B xv, £ 10
See Horses.
Sadness personified
19 B xiii, £ 7
20 A xvii, £ 4 *
Harl. 4425, £ 10
Eg. 2022, £ 7
Sails, embroidered
20 C v, £ 86
Saints
29,902, £ 7
18,197, f. a
Eg. 2019, £ 232
Eg. 943, ff. 129, to end
20,916
Lans. 1 1 79
17 C xxviii
Saints, All
Nero C iv, ff. 34-37
2i,973, f- 98*
Harl. 2891, £ 297
6 E ix, £ 8
1 9 B xvii, £ 302 *
4836, ff. n, 193
11,865, f- 6
15,815, £ 62
16,997, £ 137
17,012, f. 65
17,280, £ 85 *
17,280, £ 367*
{18,851, f.477*
19,897, ff. 261 *, 266
22,590, ff. 28, 255
{24,153, £ 190*
25,887, £ 289*
27,697, ff i97, i5S*
28,785, £ 177
29,433, f- 218

Saints, (continued.)
{30,014, £ 140*
Eg. 940, £ 2 *
Eg. 1070, ff. 73 *, 105 I
Eg. 2019, £ 234*
Harl. 2985, £ 59 q
Harl. 3000, £ 59
Harl. 5370, £ 171
{Harl. 7026, £ 23
Kings 9, £ 90 *
2 B xiii, £ 34
2 B xv, £ 55 *
Slo. 2321, £ 148 *
Slo. 2565, £ 48
Slo. 2571, £ 42 *
Slo. 2605, f. 102 *
Slo. 2633, £ 54
Saints, emblems of
{Harl. 2332
Salamander
Harl. 3244, £ 63
Harl. 273, £ 74
Salathiel, dream of
1 E ix, £ 120
Salome
Ar. 157, £ 7
Samson, history of
Harl. 1766, ff. 83, etc.
Killing the lion
Cleop. C xi, £ 14
{17,864, £ a
Harl. 4381, £ 112
Slaying Philistines
17,864, £ 6
Carrying gates of Gaza
Harl. 2803, f.
10 E iv, 32, 32 *
19 D ii, £ 1
{24,189, f. 16 *
With Delilah
Harl. 4381, £ 113
10 E iv, £ 34
Harl. 4425, £ 83 *
14 E v, £ 54 *

SA

262

SA

Samuel
Harl. 1766, £ 91 *
Offering'of, in the temple
Nero C iv, f. 8
Offering sacrifice
17 E vii, £ 121 *
Anointing Saul
Burn. 3, £ 227
Harl. 5102, f. 24
Harl. 4381, £ 120 (in cope)
Anointing David
Tib. C vi, £ 9 *
1 D x, £ 32
27,59i, f- 42
Sanctuary, fleeing to
18 D vii, f. 155
Sannius (Caius)
Harl. 4329, £ 130
Santarem, in Portugal,
view of the city
{12,531, viii
Saracens
16 G vi, f. 440
Sarah, wife of Abraham
{24,678, £ 10
15,268, £ 24*
Sardanapalus, scenes
from history of
Harl. 1766, £ 116
Burning of
Harl. 4375, £ 179
Satan appearing before
God
{Eg. 2019, ff. 157*, 166*
Chained Tit. D xxvii, f. 75 *
See Devil.
Saturn +22,329

Saturn, (continued.)
Harl. 3567, £ 166
Harl. 4431, f- i°2*
Devouring his children
11,866, £ 1*
Slo. 2452, £ 3*
Saturnalia of Macrobius'
Harl. 2715
Saturninus, Saint
25,697, f- 254
29,735, f- "4
Satxr
11,283, £ 6
Harl. 3244, £ 41 *
Harl. 4751, £ n *
1 2 C xix, £ 1 5 *
See Grotesques. Savages.
Satyric heads
{29,301, ff. 33, 43
Saul
Faust. B vii, £ 47 *
Harl. 1766, ff. 91*, 92*, 93*
Anointing of
Burn. 3, £ 227
Harl. 5102, £ 24
Harl. 4381, £ 120
Coronation of
{15 D iii, £ 115
With the witch of Endor
Harl. 4381, £ 128
Death of
Burn. 3, £ 257
1 E ix, £ 72
Slayer of, before David
Harl. 4381, £ 129 *
Saw
Harl. 4382, £ 40 *
15 D iii, £ 340*
With balance weight, for timber
10 E iv, £ 99 *

SA

263

se

Savages and wild men
6 E ix, ff. 1 1 *, 1 2
15 E vi, ff. 17, etc.
10 E iv, ff. 280, etc.
19 D i, £ 31
12,53!, f- 1
Harl. 4379, 4380
16 G v,f. 53*
20 B xx, ff. 40*, 51, 58, 60
20 C v, £ 71 *
Sleeping surrounded by angels
10 E iv, £ 277 *
Tale of
10 E iv, ff. 117. etc.
With long ears
10 E iv, £ 165
Burn. 257, f. 18 *
Tale of wild woman cared for
by beasts, lion on her grave, etc.
10 E iv, £ 288 *
Scevola (Mutius)
Putting his hand in fire
Harl 1766, £ 100 *
18 E v, £ 141
Scaffold
Harl. 4979, £ 35
14 E iii, £ 9 *
18,851, £ 124
For house building
19,720, £ 18
On barrels
Aug. A v, £ 431
Military 16 G vi, £ 278 *
Scales, or balance
Harl. 603
Harl. 4972, £ n
17,333, f- 6*
18,633
28,162, £4*
15 D ii, £ 128^
19 B xv, £ io"
See Zodiac.

Sceptre
Tib. C vi, £ 10 (with dove)
13 A i
17,333, f- 13*
28,681, £ 190*
{Tib. B viii
19 B xv, £ 13
10,341, £ 8
Harl. 2950, £ 74
Scholastica, Saint
15,813, ff. 12; 225*
15,815, f- 33* ,
School, scenes of
Burn. 275, ff. 94, 176*, etc.
Burn. 257, £ 6*
{Harl. 621, £ 71
17 E iii, ff. 36, 93*, 209
19 C vii, £ 1
20 B xx, £ 10*
Apes at a
20 D iv, £ 1
Sciences personified
Harl. 4431, ff. 101 *, 194*,
198 *, 220, etc.
20 B xx, £ 3
Harl. 334
17 E iii
Scientific instruments
Aug. A v, £ 25 *
Scissors, or shears
16 G v, £ 91 *
See Ecclesiastical Cere
monies : — Tonsure.
Scorpion
Harl. 4751, £ 65
Scourge
Eg. 943, ff- 32, 33
Scribe, notary, or writer
of a book, charter, or roll
13 B viii, £ 22

sc

264

SE

Scribe, (continued.)
15,274, ff 1, 161*
23,929, f- 1
24,642, £ 139 *
Harl. 4381, f. 2
Harl. 4979, ff 40 *, etc.
20 A v, ff. 24, 32 * (roll)
11,696, £ 8
15,269, £ 2
24,189, f. 4
22,497, f. 3 * (book)
Aug. vi, ff. 11, 213 * (scroll)
Harl. 2681, £ 1
Harl. 4375, £ 120
Harl. 4379, £ 142 *
Lans. 1 1 79, £ 34*
Lans. 1 1 79, £ 65 * (scroll)
14 E iii, £ 6 *
14 E iii, £ 140 (roll)
15 E vi, £ 5
16 F i, f. 9
17 E iii, £ 145 (roll)
17 E iii, £ 209 (book)
17 F i, £ 14
20 A xvii, £ 35 *
Harl. 4380, £ 1 1 (charter)
Taking notes of conversation
Vitel. A xiii, £ 5 *
Harl. 4375, f. 43
Royal Harl. 4380
20 C ix, £ 298 *
Of the papal court
23,923
Lady writing
Harl. 4431, £ 3
20 C v, £ 32 *

Scrope (Richard), Bishop
of Lichfield
Jul. E iv, art. 6, £ 1 *
Scythe
Jul. A vi, £ 6
Tib. B v, £ 6 *
Harl. 603, £ 21
Harl. 4940, £ 49 *
£",355, f- 329
14 E vi, £ 193
16 G v, f. 55
Sea 18,851
Between France and England
Harl. 4330, £ 43
Fight at
{10 E iv, £ 19
{Harl. 326, £ 29 *
6797
{Cleop. D ii, £ 1
{Jul. E iv, £ 216*
20 D xi, £ 166
17 F ii, £ 196*
Night attack at the shore
Harl. 6205, £ 21 *
Naval engines
Harl. 3281
Sealed charter, king
granting a
83 C xiii

SEASONS, emblematic representations of. — From
the earliest times of illuminated Manuscripts to the latest, it
has been the custom to adorn the pages of the calendars pre
fixed to so many liturgical books with devices or pictures
representing the occupations or amusements suitable to each
month of the year. In early drawings of the Saxon period
{e.g., in Jul. A vi) we find actual pictures of the occupations ;
but by the thirteenth century these had changed into plain
circles, containing one, or at most two figures, with a minimum
of accompanying scenery; and these again developed into

SE

265

SE

pictures, till in some cases in books of the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries, we have instances of exquisite miniatures, combining
beautiful effects of gardens, landscapes, trees, and buildings,
and sometimes crowds of figures. As may be supposed,
the occupations suitable to the months of the year vary in
different countries. Thus in England, the harvest, as at the
present day, takes place in August, while in France and
Flanders it is placed under July ; and other agricultural events
vary in a corresponding degree. There is also a certain amount
of variety in different books of the same nationality respecting
the time of sowing and ploughing, some taking the wheat season
and some that of Lent corn, and placing those operations
respectively in Autumn and early Spring. In January or
February, there is generally a picture representing feasting or
sitting over a warm fire. In March, pruning the vines is
represented; and the usual April device is gathering flowers.
In the " Merry month of May," we find pictures of dancing,
love-making, hawking, or turning sheep and cattle out to grass.
In June, hay-making or sheep-shearing; and sometimes field
sports and tourneys are the order of the day. In July, the
English books represent sometimes hay-making, and sometimes
what appears to be hoeing wheat ; and in French and Flemish
Manuscripts reaping is shown. In August, English Manuscripts
give the harvest, and foreign ones represent the threshing of wheat.
In September, almost all books represent the gathering and
treading out of grapes; and in October, sowing or ploughing.
November appears to have been the time for driving swine
to the woods, and knocking down acorns for them, while in
December the same swine, according to the theory of Wamba
the Witless (in Ivanhoe), cease to be Saxon, and assume their
Norman name and state of pork. In some cases scenes of
hunting are substituted for, or added to, the above autumnal
scenes, and occasionally, but very rarely, the December amuse
ment is skating or sleighing. Many of these scenes are repre
sented in minute detail, and afford excellent examples of
manners and customs, and dress.

Jul. A vi, ff. 3-8 *
Tib. B v
Nero C iv, ff. 40 *-46 *
Lans. 381, ff. 2-7
Lans. 383, ff. 3-8 *
17,868, ff. 1-10
19,899, ff. 1-6 *
21,114, ff. 1-6*
{24,678, ff. 1-6*
{24,683, ff. 2-7*
{28,784 A, ff. 6, 12-25
Ar. 157, ff. 13-18*

Tit. D xv, ff. 1-6 *
Harl. 2844, ff. 4*-9 *
1 D x, ff. 9-14*
2 A iii, ff. 2-7 *
2 B iii, ff. 2-7 *
16,975, ff. 2-7*
24,681, ff. 3 *-i3*
Cleop. B xiv, ff. 1- 1 2
Harl. 2449
Harl. 2979, ff. 8-19
Harl. 4940, ff. 48, etc.
19 C i, £ 53* (four)

SE

266

SE

Seasons, (continued)
19 C i, ff. 54*, etc.
4836, ff. 1-12
11,865, ff- I"6*
11,866, ff. 1-12*
{15,677, ff. 1-12
{17,012, ff. 1-12
18,192, ff. 3-14
{18,850, ff. 1-12
{18,851, ff. 1-7
{1.8,852 18,854, ff. 1-12
20,859, ff. 1-12
21,926, ff. 3-8
22,720, ff. 6-1 1 *
{24,098, ff. i8*-26*
+ 25,695, ff- 1-12
25,697, ff- i-6 *
25,710, ff. 1-6 *
27,591, ff. I *-I2 *
{28,785, ff. 2-13
29,433, ff I""
30,059, ff. I-I2
Eg. 1070
{Eg. 1 147, ff. 1-11*
SEBASTIAN, Saint. — There is a large list of pic
tures of this Saint. He is represented symbolically as a young
man bound nearly naked to a tree, with arrows sticking into
various parts of his body in a manner suggestive of the ex-
tremest discomfort. Indeed there is no martyr, however terrible
may have been the manner of his death, who presents so very
painful an appearance as Saint Sebastian, so that it is won
derful that his pictures should have been so popular. His
martyrdom only differs from his symbolic pictures by the intro
duction of the archers, who usually appear to have insured a
correct aim by the adoption of a ridiculously short range.

Seasons, (continued.)
{Eg. 2019, ff. 1-12
{Eg. 2076, ff. 1, 10
Harl. 1892, ff. 25, 30*
{Harl. 2332
Harl. 2863, ff. 2-13
Harl. 2915, ff. 2-7 *
Harl. 2917, ff. 2-12
Harl. 2924, ff. 3*-i4*
Harl. 2934, ff. 3-14*
Harl. 2935, ff. 1-12
Harl. 2936, ff 1-12 *
Harl. 2955, ff. 2-13
Harl. 2980, ff. 2-13
Harl. 2985, ff. 1-12
Harl. 3000, ff. 2-13
Harl. 5049, ff. 2-7*
{Harl. 5763, ff. 2-15*
Kings 6', ff. 1- 1 2
Kings 9, ff. 2 *-i3 *
17 A xvi
Slo. 961, ff. 1-12
Slo. 2471, ff. 1-12
Slo. 2605, ff. 2-4 *

28,784 A, £ 138
23,145, f;.34*
19 B xvii, £ 48
4836, £ 182
11,865, f- 87*
11,866, £ 168*
11,867, f- J5i *
{15,281, £ 212 *
15,677, f- 152*
17,026, £ 73
17,280, £ 348 *

18,851, £
18,854, £
19,416, £
19,962, £
20,694, f.
20,916, £
22,590, £
25,697, f-
27,697, f-
28,785, £
29,735, f-

322 *
143124165 139*
29 241 *
264 95 169 *
116*

SE

267

SE

Sebastian, (continued.)
Tib. B iii, f. 142 (carrying
arrows and clothed)
Eg. 1068, £ 86
Eg. 1070, £ 85
Eg. 1 147, £ 215 (in armour)
Kings 7, £ 94 *
{Harl. 2916, £ 1 *
Harl. 2919, £ 142
Harl. 2935, £ 109 *
Harl. 2936, £ 107
Harl. 5370, £ 156
Slo. 2418, £ 134
Slo. 2605, £ 101 *
Slo. 2916, £ 120*
Seealso the beautiful " Porto-
lano of Fernao Vaz Dourado,"
in the Map department, £ 2.
This is one of the very rare
Portuguese illuminations, six
teenth century.
Martyrdom 20 D vi, £ 76 *
{19 D ii, £ 1
14,803, £ 103
15,702, £ 231*
17,353, f- i35
20,859, £ 84
24,153, £ 102*
Eg. 859, £ 21
{Eg. 2019, £ 211
Eg. 2125, £ 203 *
Harl. 2929, £ 130
Harl. 2948, £ 170
Harl. 2962, £ 36 *
Harl. 5049, f. 61 *
Slo. 2468, £ 180
Slo. 2605, £ 101 *
Seleucus, death of
Harl. 1766, £ 153*
Seneca, figure of
15,685, £ 42 *
Lans. 1 1 79, £ 34*
Writing his letters
15,434

Seneca, (continued)
Meeting of, with Plato
Harl. 4375, £ 144
In bath
Harl. 4425, £ 59 *
Death of, with his wife
16 G v, £ 1 10
Illustrations to works of
£i5,434 ..
20 A xii
Sennen, Saint
Harl. 2897, £ 347 *
Sepulchre, Holy
Jul. E iv, £ 209
See Jerusalem.
Serpent. See Snake.
Serra, a winged creature
Slo. 278, £ 51
Sertorius, portrait of
{22,318, £ 90* (with stag)
Death of
{22,318, £ 105*
Servants
Harl. 4380, £ 189 *
Seven Ages of Man
Ar. 83, £ 127 *
15 E ii, £ 140
Seven Brothers, the
17,006, £ 165
18,851, £ 404*
Seven Deadly Sins per
sonified 22,557, ff 1-11
{28,162, ff. 4-10
Seven Sleepers, the
Nero D ii, £ 36 *
Vit. A xiii, £ 2

SE

268

SH

Seven Virtues personified
{28,162, ff. 4-10
Severian, Saint, martyr
dom 11,870, £ 77
Severinus, Saint
11,866, £ 175
Seyssel (Claude- de),
Bishop of Marseilles
Harl. 4939, £ 7
19 C vi, ff. 9*, 17
SFORZA,emblematicbadge of a member of the family of
15,814, £ 7
Shaving
20 A v, f. 2 *
Cutting off a beard
Nero Eh, £ 67
Shears
Harl. Roll y 6
Sheaves
16 E viii, £ 41 *
Sheba, Queen of, before
Solomon 17,280, £ 198
Shechem, destruction of
Harl. 4381, £ 31
Shed, or Hut
{Aug. A v, £ 363
Wattled Harl. 3216, £ 107 *

Sheep
Harl. 603, £ 69 *
20,787, £ 112 *
Fold 12 C xix, £ 19
Slo. 3544, f- 13
Eg. 2045, £ 89
Shearing 20,787, £ 106*
Aug. A v, £ 372
Tending Tib. B v, £ 5
See Shepherd.
Shells
Harl. 3244, £ 67 *
{28,841
Crabs Harl. 3244, £ 67
Shepherd
Harl. 2702, £ 2
Lans. 1 1 78, £ 19
Art of the
Kings 24, £37
With dog
Harl. 3244, £ 45
With a sling
17 F i, £ 169*
Shepherdess 11,865, £ 32*
14,803, £ 39*
16,997, £ 63
19,738, £ 59 (gris-)
20,694, ff. 45*, 5i
25,710, £ 28 *
Harl. 2974, £ 60
Harl. 2989, £ 55
Harl. 4431, £ 223
Slo. 2732 B, £ 38*
Slo. 2916, £ 49 *

SHIPPING. — It is interesting to trace, by means of
the references quoted below, the gradual development of naval
architecture shown in our national Manuscripts, from the simple
coracle or skiff to the ponderous war-ship of the sixteenth

SH

269

SH

century. Perhaps the two most comprehensive works which may
be best consulted at the same time as this Dictionary are the Glos-
saire ATautique and the Archeologie Navale, by A. Jal, and the
" History of Merchant Shipping," by W. S. Lindsay. These
works contain a variety of illustrations which will enable the
student of Manuscript pictures to determine the technical names
which may best be applied to the great variety of forms of ships
and boats here indicated.

Boats Harl. 603, £ 13*
Ar. 484, £ 169 (building)
Harl. 3244, £ 62
{Harl. 4751, f. 69
Harl. 4972, f. 1
{Lans 782, £ 19
13 B viii, £ 29
{16 E viii, ff. 8*, 39*
Slo. 278, £ 47 (paddlers)
{15,268, £ 136*
17,341, ff. 20, 20*, 27, 105,
144*, 169*
18,633, £ 14
{19,587, ff. 61, 63
23,929, f- 5
{27,376 (with rowers)
Vitel. E ii, £ 1 *
Eg. 943
Eg. 1500, f. 51* (with sol
diers) Harl. 3571
Harl. 3978, £ 70
Harl. 4389, £ 19 *
Harl. 4903, £ 16
14 E ii, £ 217
19Di.ff.58, 136, 187*, 213
Slo. 3544, ff 28*, 42*, 43
18,852, £ 5 *
24,098, £ 22 *
24,945, £ 244* (built in
separable compartments)
27,697, f- i3
28,962, £ 67*
Burn. 169, f. 66 (upset)
{Burn. 257, ff. 148*, 152*,
155, iS5 *, ete-
Harl. 1 25 1, £ 43
Harl. 4380, £ 43
{Harl. 4431, f- 127

Harl. 7353
Lans. 1 179, ff 32, etc.
14 D iv, £ 39
14 E iii, ff. 9, etc.
14 E v, £ 318*
15 E i, ff. 402, etc.
{16 G i, £ 1
{16 G viii, £ 147* (boat-
house) 16 G viii, ff. 311, 317
17 C xxxviii, £ 51
17 F ii, ff. 196 *, 263, 300 *
{19 C ix, £ 8
20 C ii, £ 73 *

:o ^ 11, 1. 73 u
;o C ix, £ 277 *

Ships Harl. 603, ff. 27*, 51*, 54*
Harl. Roll Y 6
14 C vii
Slo. 278, £ 51
12,029 12,22815,268, £ 105 *
15,477
£i7,333, ff- 1-11,21*, 37*
£27,695, f- 5
{Claud. D ii, £ 42*
{Cleop. D ii, £ 1
Jul. A v, £ 4 *
Nero A iv, £ 67*, 69, 77, 81,
87, 88*, 90, 93, 94, 94*
Harl. 1526
Harl. 3448, £ 44
Harl. 4389, ff. 6*, 15*, 17,
etc. Harl. 4940, £ 27
Harl. 4979, etc.
{10 E iv, £ 19
10 E iv, ff. 121 *, 122, 123*

SH

270

SH

Shipping, (continued.)
16 G vii, ff. 70, 82, etc.
19 B xv, ff. 12, 14 *
19 D '}> f- 37*
20 A ii, f. 6 *
20 A v, £ 18
16 G vi
20 C vii
20 D vi, ff. 22, 161 *
{Slo. 3983, ff. 6 *, 7, etc.
6797, f- 1
15,269, ff. 182 *, etc.
15,677, f- 33*
18,850, ff. 15 *, 40
20,698, f. 247
21,909, £ 148
22,318
£24,189 25,88425,885, £ 143
Burn. 169, f. 57 *
Burn. 198
{Burn. 257, ff. 450*, 476*, 488*
Aug. vi, £ 245
{ Dom. A xvii, £121
{Jul. E vi, £ 205
Nero E ii
Tib. A vii, ff. 81, 81 *
Vesp. B ii, f. 4 *
Eg. 912, ff. 301 *, 343, etc.
{Eg. 1065, ff. 116*, 146
{Harl. 326, £ 29 *
{Harl. 1319
Harl. 2989, £ 55
Harl. 4374, £ 88
Harl. 4375, £ 159
Harl. 4376, £ 150
Harl. 4380
Harl. 4411, ff. 48, 60*, 93 *
£Harl. 4425, ff. 86, etc.
Harl. 4431
£Harl. 6205
Kings 24
1 E ix, £ 232 *
14 D vi
£14 E iv
£15 Div
{15 Eiv, ff. 24*, 35
{15 E vi, ff. 9, 207, etc.

Shipping, (continued.)
16 G i, £ 1
16 G v, £ 13
{16 Gviii, ff. 35, 133, 164*,
277, etc.
18 E v
{19 C vi, ff. 64*, 107, etc.
19 E vi, ff. 388 *, 403, etc.
{20 B xx, ff. 20, 22, etc.
20 C i, £ 191 *
20 C v
20 D xi, ff. 166, 185
20 E vi, ff. 15 *, etc.
The "Argo "
{Tib. B v, £ 40 *
{Ar. 339, £ 83
Galley 28,962, £ 67 *
Roll of Henry VIHth's gal-
liasses, a.d. 1546
22,047
"A carrykke "
{Jul. Eiv, £ 218*
Crowsnests 14 E iv, £ 49 *
Building £15,268, £ 105*
Harl. 3281
Model of
14 E iv, £ 265 *
Beset by devils
19 C i, £ 32 *
Embarking in
20,698, £ 47 *
18 E ii, £ 70 *
Wreck 20 C iv, £ 160
Harl. 326, £ 40
Shirt, a
17 Fi, £ 185
Shooting, crossbow
19 C viii, £ 41

SH

271

SI

Shop
Tib. A vii, ff. 93, 95 *
Shovels
£17 F ii, ff. 108 *, 117*
Shrine, or ark, drawn on
car by oxen
i9,587, f- 77
Shrouded corpses
Tib. A vii, f. 40
Sibyl, the
11,866, £ 19
18,851, £ 8*
Kings 24, £ 148 *
Prophesying to Augustus the
coming of Christ
22,279, f. 15
Sickle
Jul. A vi, £ 6 *
11,695, f- 168
15 D ii, £ 166 *
Sieges, scenes of
Harl. 603, £ 25
15,268, £ 101 *
27,695, f- S
Vitel. E ii, £ 22
{io E iv, ff. 18 *, 202, 207
20 B i, £ 25 *
15,269, ff. 324*, etc.
Jul E iv, £ 219
Nero E ii, £ 246,
Harl. 4375, ff. 49 *, 55, 96
Harl. 4379, ff. 83 *, etc.
14 E iv, ff. 23, etc.
15 E vi, ff. 19, 207
16 F i, £ 41
18 E v
{20 B xx, £ 22
20 C iv, £ 119
{20 C ix
20 E iii, £ 223 (spoilt picture)
Slo. 2433 B, £ 113

Siferwas, (John) monk of
Sherborne, portrait of
Harl. 7026, £ 4 *
Sigismond I., King of
Poland, portraits of
{15,281, ff. 59 (receiving the
sacrament from the hands of
Jesus Christ) ; 65 *
Sigismund, Emperor of
Germany
Jul. E iv, £ 217
Silver-leaf, use of
17,466, ff. 126, 136*
Simon, Saint, Apostle
Harl. 2897, £ 426
19 B xvii, £ 297
4836, £ 10 *
11,865, £ 5*
11,866, £ 164
15,815, £ 61*
18,192, £ 210
18,851, £ 476
29,433, f- 199*
2 B xiii, £ 23
With Saint Jude
Eg. 1070, £ 105
Martyrdom 20 D vi, £ 43
Simon Magus
Lans. 1 1 79, £ 50
Opposed by Saints Peter and
Paul 20 D vi, £ 1
Simon Stylites, Saint,
on pillar
20 D vi, £ 230
Simony, practice of, illus
trated 10 D viii, £ 82 *
{15,274, ff 91, 9i*
24,642, £ 80*
20,787, £ 96 *

SI

272

so

Simplicius, Saint
18,851, £418,
Siren
11,283, £ 20*
{Harl. 4751, f. 47*
Pulling man out of boat
Slo. 278, £ 47
With fish
Harl. 3244, £ 55
Slo. 3544, f. 28*
See Grotesques, etc.
Sisera, death of
Harl. 1766, £ 40 *
Sixtus, Saint, Pope
Eg. 859, £ 24
Before the emperor
20 D vi, £ 91
Skeleton, riding on dog,
with coffin-lid for a shield
{Harl. 4379, £ 125 *
Shrouded Tib. A vii, £ 103
Sketches, various, by an
Italian artist
{Harl. 3461 .
Skipper, nautical
14 E iv, £ 49*
Skittles, game of
22,494, f- 42
Sleeping, man
19 B xiii, £ 29
20 A xvii, £ 32 *
10 E iv, ff. 168*, 177 (wo
man) See Furniture : — Bedsteads.
Sleigh, or Sledge
10 E iv, £ 94
Sleighing £18,852, £2
24,098, £ 30

Sling, for bird-catching
11,283, f- 19*
Smelting operations
Aug. A v, f. 363
Smith {Harl. 603, £6*
Lans. B iv, £ 10
15,685, f. 23
Snail, in border
15,269
Attack upon, with a sling
10 E iv, f. 45
In combat with a gryllus
83C13
Attacking a stag
10 E iv, £ 107 *
Snake
{Vitel. C iii
{Harl. 603, £ 33
' {Harl 5294
Slo. 1975
{Harl. 4751
{12 C xix
{Burn. 97
Aug. Ay, £ 354*
16 E viii
Harl. 1766, £ 11
Passing through a column
11,283, f- 28
Harl. 4751, £ 64
People bitten by snakes
Burn. 257, ff. 353, 356 *
At a woman's breast
3°,33714 E v, £ 340
Snake charmer
12 C xix, ff. 65 *, 67
See Adam. Animals, etc.
Socrates, figure of
Aug. A v, £ 59 *

so

273

so

Sodom and Gomorrah,
destruction of the cities of
{15,268, £ 26*
See Lot.
Soldiers
16 F i, £ 41
17 F i
20 C iii
See Army.
Sieges.

Battle-scenes.

Solomon
{Eg. 1983, f. 2
Faust B vii, f. 48
17 E vii, £ 285
15,248, £ 137 (writing)
Harl. 2955, £ 136*
1 E ix, ff. no, 167, 171, 181
Coronation of
Harl. 4381, £ 141 (by
mitred and vested bishop)
17 E vii, £ 147* (by two
mitred bishops)
19 D ii, f. 155 (by two bi
shops in mitres)
15,248, f. 82
{15 Diii, £ 134*
Dream of
17 E vii, £ 280
1 E ix, £ 107
Dedicating the Temple
15 D iii, £ 180
Judgment of
21,926, £ 26
Lans. 420, £ 47 *
Harl. 4382, £ 1
17 E vii, £ 265
15,248, £ 148
With Queen of Sheba
Harl. 4382, £ 1
Kings 5, £ 3
{15 Diii, £285
Idolatry of his wives
Harl. 4382, £ 1

Solomon, (continued)
Preaching Harl. 4382, . 12
{18,851, £ 260
15 D iii, £ 294*
Teaching Harl. 4382, £17
17 E vii, f. 265
{15 D iii, £ 285
Song of
{15 D iii, £ 227 *
Sommers (William),
Jester to Henry VIII., por
trait, as the Fool in Psalm
Dixit insipiens
2 A xvi, £ 63 *
Sophia, Saint (with her
daughters, Saints Faith,
Hope, and Charity)
11,870, £ 132 *
Soothsayer, or Diviner
25,435 .
Sorceress and familiar
spirits
{17 Fii, £ 235*
Sorcery personified
Tib. A vii, ff. 69, 70
Soul, the, personified as
a little child
Harl. 4385, £ 12
{Aug. vi, £ 35(asanakedman)
16,998, £ 44
+ 29,433, f- 89
20 A v, £ 68 *
Carried to Heaven
15,677, f- 200
17,012, £ 158 *
18,213, £ 125
27,948, £ 138 *
{Harl 3448, £ 34*
19 C i, ff. 29, 79*
Ar. 203, £ 67 19

so

274

SP

Soul, (continued)
Ar. 318, £ 123 *
Ar. 341, £ 126
Harl. 2846, £ 181 *
Harl. 2884, £ 321*
Harl. 2887, £ 97 *
Harl. 2933, £ 175
Harl. 2966, £ 76 *
Harl. 2982, f. 84*
Harl. 2985, £ 128*
Harl. 3000, £ 128 *
Harl. 3999, £ 21
2 A viii, f. 101 *
2 B xv, £ 114
Slo. 2471, £ 147 *
Slo. 2474, £ 115 *
Slo. 2565, £ 120*
Slo. 2633, £ 132 *
Received by the B. V. Mary
into Paradise
Harl. 2930, £ 174*
Weighed in a balance
19,587, £ 61
In purgatory
20,589, £ 87
Taken by angel away from devil
Harl. 5764, £ 69
{Kings 9, £ 210*
Of dead king taken by an angel
10 E iv, £ 265
• Taken by a devil
10 E iv, £ 265 *
With dragons
Harl. 1662, f. 145
Carried to hell
Harl. 3448, £ 34 *
See Resurrection.
Souls, All
4836, £ n
11,865, f- 6
22,590, £ 19
Sow on stilts playing harp
{Harl. 4379, £ 19*

Sower
Harl. 603, £ 21
16 G v, £ 9 *
Harl. 4375, f- 72 *
See Seasons.
Sozon, Saint, martyrdom
11,870, £ 74
Spade
Jul. A vi, £ 4
{Harl. 2332
14 E vi, £ 197
Armed 18 D vii, £ 2
With digging implements
20 B xx, £ 81
Spectacles
Harl. 2971, £ no
Sphinx, the
{15,268, £ 77*
Spider's web
6 E vi, £ 149*
Spinning
13 B viii, £ 19
10,292, £ 76
28,784 A, £ 28
Harl. 4375, £ 179 (ladies and
a king) 14 E iii, £ 3
16 Gv, £ 3*
16 G v, £ 24 *
20 C v, ff. 5, 34 *
Wheel + ioEiv,ff. 137, 139, 142, 146,
147, 147*
Spits (with meat)
Tib. C vi, f. 5 *
Sponge, use of the
Slo. 1977, ff. 9*, 47*

SP

275

SQ

Spoons
Tib. C vi, £ 5 *
Sports and Pastimes
Bear-hunt
24,686, £ 12 *
{Eg. 1 146, £ 11 *
Boar-hunt 27,695, £ 6 *
10 E iv, £ 45 *
18,751, f- 58
24,098, £ i
27,699
{Eg. 1 146, £ 12 *
Bowls 24,098, £ 28 *
Coursing 24,686, £ 13 *
24,098, £ 29
{Eg. 1 146, £ 7*
Harl. 5763, £ 5 *
Cock-throwing 22,494, f- 44
Shepherds' dance
11,865, f- 32*
Morris dancers
24,098, £ 19 *
Rustic dancing
17,280, ff. 183*, 190*
Duck shooting
Harl. 2936, £ 1 *
Duck-hunt by spaniel
17 F vi, £ 126
Golf 24,098, f. 27
Hawking Jul. A vi, £ 7 *
21,114, £ 3
24,678, £ 3
24,683, £ 4
24,686, £ 14 *
Harl. 6563, £ 13
27,695, f- 14*
24,098, £ 24 *
25,092, £ 11 *

Sports, (continued.)
Eg. 2019, f. 5
Harl. 2980, £ 5
Slo. 961, £ 5
Stag-hunt {Harl. 603, £ 24*
15,268, £ 1 *
Claud. D ii, £ 113 (royal)
{10 Eiv, ff. 44, 157*, 159*,
175 b; (with figure between the
homs) 229; 252*, etc.
20 D iv, £ 225 *
Eg. 1 146, ff. 5*, 8*
Harl. 4431, £126
Kings 24, £ 148 *
15 E vi, £ 215 *
16 G v, £ 44
16 G viii, £ 39
20 D xi, f. 1
Return from stag-hunt
24,098, £ 38 *
Lion-hunt Harl. 603, £ 31 *
Wolf-hunting {Eg. 1 146, £ 3*
See Dog.
Spring of water from rock
{Aug. A v, £ 170*
Sprinkler
12 D ii, £ 21
Spurs
Tib. B viii, £ 46 *
Square, orplace, of atown
{19,720, £ 212 *
Square, carpenters'
17 E hi, £ 314*
18 D vii, £ 2
20 B xx, £ 3
Squires taking off armour
12,228, £ 125 * 19*

SQ

276

ST

Squirrel
10,293, f. 1
14 E iii, £ 89
10 E iv, f 158
Stag
Harl. 603, £ 9
i9,587, f- 2
27,699, ff. 6, etc.
Aug. vi, £ 11
{Harl. 3469, ff. 4, 8
Harl. 4431, £ 106
Harl. 4431, £128
See Sports.
Stained Glass
Harl. 4393, £ 2 *
Staircase
Nero C iv, £ 17
Stalls
15,685, £ 83
For ladies at a tournament
19 E ii, £ 306
See Tournament.
Standards, or Flags
15,268, £ 136*
Harl. 3571
24,945, ff. 223*, etc.
{Harl. 2205, f. 37
Lans. 782, f. 21
14 E iii, £ 3
{16 G ix. £ 7
20 C viii, £ 2 *

Standards, (continued?}
Standard used at the Battle of
Northallerton Ar. 150, £ 41 *
Stars
Harl. 334
Tib. B v, £ 46 *
Harl. 4385, £ 12
Harl. 4431, £ 101 *
Statius, works of, illumi
nated, and portrait
{Burn. 257
Statue
15,268, £ 156
16 G vii, £ 299 *
19 D i, ff. 76, 78*, etc.
6797, £ 180, etc.
18,750
24,189, ff. 6, 9* (king)
Burn. 257
{Burn. 257, £ 27 (drawing
bow at a dragon)
Harl. 4374, £ 196
Harl. 4375, £ 77
14 D ii, £ 8
14 E v, £ 349 * (emperor)
15 D ^ f- 479 *
18 D vii, £ 155 (golden)
18 G ii, £ 95
20 B xx, £ 70 (golden)
20 C v, £ 105
Steelyard, a
15,685, £ 27*

STEPHEN, Saint, the First Martyr.— The Acts of
the Apostles mention that Saint Stephen was one of the first
deacons, and he is therefore represented in art as vested in a
dalmatic. His symbolical pictures show him holding a stone in
his hand or balancing a stone on one side of his. head, and the
rare instances of his martyrdom represent the scene in accord
ance with the detailed account given in the Bible.

Cal. A xiv, £ 3 *
£Eg. 1 139
21,926, £ 10

28,784 B, £ 2
17,006, £ 138
2i,973, f- 17*

ST

277

SU

Stephen, (continued.)
19 B xvii, £ 26
4836, ff. 12*, 181
11,865, ff 4*, 6*
11,866, £ 168
15,815, £ 10
17,012, £ 62 *
17,353, f- 132 *
17,525, f- 152*
18,192, £ 213
18,851, ff. 30*, 421 *
27,697, f- i97
29,735, f- 22
Ar. 318, £ 50
Eg. 1068, £ 84*
Eg. 1070, ff. 87 *, 97 *
Harl. 1251, f. 46
Harl. 2936, £ 106 *
Harl. 2985, £ 57
Harl. 3000, £ 57 *
Harl. 5049, £ 60
Kings 7, £ 92*
Kings 9, £ 87
Slo. 2321, £ 135*
Slo. 2565, £ 46
Slo. 2571, £ 40
Slo. 2633, f. 52
Slo. 2916, £ 118*
Martyrdom of
Eg. 1066, £ 10 *
Harl. 3978, £ 61 *
16,907, £ 20
18,850, £ 126
18,854, £ 141
25,697, f- 33
29,433, f- 202 *
30,038, £ 114
Eg. 2019, £ 210
Harl. 2897, £ 351*
Invention of his relics
19 B xvii, £ 193
16,907, £ 167
Stephen, Saint, Pope
Harl. 2897, f. 350*
Stephen, King of Eng
land
{Jul. E iv, £ 2 *

Stephen, (continued.)
With hawk
{Claud. D ii, £ 69
20 A ii, £ 7
Vit. B xiii, £ 3 *
Stilts, walking on
10 E iv, £ 29 *
{Harl. 4379, £ 19*
Stockings
Tib. C ii
Stocks, perambulating
14 E v, £ 192
Monk and nun in
10 E iv, ff. 187, 187*
Monks in
10 E iv, £ 223
Devils in
10 E iv, ff. 188*, 191 *
Stones, burning, male
and female
{11,283, f- 4i
Vitel. D i, £ 13 *
Harl. 3244, £ 60
12 C xix, £ 26 *
Stones, throwing down
on besiegers
Harl. 4375, £ 96
Stork
6 E vi, £ 128
Straw bed
Harl. 4374, £ 233 *
Stretcher, dead body on
Harl. 4375, £ 43
Sudval, King, hanging
Harl. 1766, £ 220*
Suicide, forms of
14 E v
16 G v
Eg. 2022, £ 5 *

su

278

sw

Sulpicius, Saint
Eg. 1070, f. 85
Sultan, a
27,376, f- 149*
Summer-houses
19,720, f. 1
Solar System
Harl. 4940, £ 28
19 C i, f. 36 *
Sun, in chariot
{Tib. B v, £ 47
{22,329, £ 5*
Eclipse of the
19 C i, ff. 39*, 41 * (and
moon) 19 C i, £ 32*
22,329Harl. 334, ff. 84, etc.
Personification of the
Tib. B v, ff. 47, 83
11,866, £ 7*
{Harl. 603 (and moon)
{Tit. D xxvii, £ 65 * (and
moon) Eg. 943, ff- 129, etc.
24,945, f- 102*
{18 G ii, £ 200
{Lans. 1179, f. 71 *
Eg. 912, ff. 10, etc. (and
moon) Harl. 7353 (and moon)
{Harl. 3469 (Splendor solis)
Trees of the sun and moon
15,268, £ 214*
Harl. 4979, £ 61
19 D i, £ 32
20 A v, £ 61
Three suns
Harl. 7353
Epicycles, Ptolomaic
19 C i, £ 49
See Constellations.

Suppliants 20 B xx, £ 26 *
Harl. 4375, £ 118
Surgeon, costume of a
Eg. 1065, £ 9
17 F ii, £ 1
Surgical Instruments
Slo. 1975, ff. 91 *, etc.
29,301
Operations Harl. 1585, ff. 8,9
Slo. 1975, ff. 91 *, etc.
{Slo. 1977
£29,301
Surrender of city
20 C ix, f. 267
Susanna
Eg. 859, f. 31
Before the judge
Harl. 4382, £ 113*
{15 D iii, £ 232
Swathed child
10 E iv, £ 127* (mother in
a bed, suckling)
Slo. 2433, f. 112
18 Ev, £ in
Swallows
{Harl. 3448, f. 34
{14,816, £ 41*
Nests of
Harl. 4751, f. 52 *
Swan, white
15 E vi, £ 273
Swimming, man
{Tib. A vii, £ 58
Swine, pasturing
Tib. B v, £ 7

sw

279

TE

Sword, falling on a
20 C iv, £ 239 *
Standing upon sword points
10 E iv, £ 58
See Weapons.
Swylinton (William de),
portrait of, a.d. 1335
Campbell Charter xi, 19
Sylvester, Saint
17,006, £ 140
15,813, f- 30
25,697, f- 43 *
Tib. B iii, £ 142 *
Eg. 1070, f. 83
Sylla
Harl. 1766, ff. 35*, 36*
Murders of Romans by orders of
Harl. 4374, f. 161
Death of
{Aug. A v, £ 214*
Symbols, various
17 A xvi
Synagogue
Dom. A xvii, f. 204 *
Personified 22,494, £ 31

Tabellion writing a
notarial mark on charter
{6 E vii, £ 514
Tabernacle, building the
' 19 D ii, £ 68*
Plan of
Harl. 4381, £ 72

Tapestry
11,696, £ 200*
21,247, f- 69
•28,962, £ 4*
Harl. 4375, £ 157*
14 D ii, f. 8
14 D v, £ 8
20 B xx
20 C ii, £ 1
Workers of
15,277, £ 15*
{20,698, £ 90
Tarentum, view of
{Aug. Av, £ 151
Tarquin
Harl. 1766, £ 101 *
Rape of Lucretia, and expul
sion of
Harl. 4373, £ 1 *
Harl. 4374, £ 211
Tartary, King and cour
tiers of
19 E vi, £ 441
Teeth, extraction of
{6 E vi, £ 503 *
Temperance personified
15,685, £66*
Templars burnt at stake
14 E v, £ 493 *
Temple
20 A xvii, f. 170
{Slo. 3983, ff. 15, 20*
Tit. D iii, £ 7 * (plan)
Building of
15,248, £ 92
{15 D iii, £ 138*
Offerings in
15,248, £ 41

TE

280

TH

Temple, (continued)
Candlestick(seven-branched)
for the Temple of Jerusalem,
with oil jars and pipes
{Tit. D iii, £ 64
Heathen Harl. 4375, £ 167
Of Bel
{Tib. B v, £ 84
Temptations
19 C i, ff. 32, 32 *, 202 *, etc.
Tennis Court, and game
Harl. 4375, £ 151*
Tent
Harl. 603, ff. 15, 33
Claud. B iv, ff. 18, 24, etc.
{Lans. 782
10,292-412,228
{15,268, ff. i6i*,i89,2i7,etc.
15,277 15,47719,669
Eg. 745
Harl. 4376, £ 271
Harl. 4381, £ 244
Harl. 4903, ff. 46, etc.
Harl. 4979

Kings 5, £ 9
10 E iv, £ 85 *

,etc.

16 G vi
i6Gvii,ff.247, 249, 333
20 C vii
20 D iv, £ 168 *
19 D i
19 D ii, £ 224
17,026, £ 75
18,850, £ 73 *
{24,945, £ 157*
{Aug. A v, ff. 266, etc.
{Eg. 1065, £ 100*
Harl. 4374, ff 183, etc.
Harl. 4375, ff. 11*, 31, 65*
(embroidered) Harl. 4379

Tent, (continued.)
1 E ix, £ 232
{15 D iii, f. 239
17 F i, ff. 55, 145, etc.
{18 D ii, ff. 67*, etc.
18 G ii, ff. 95, 128, etc.
{19 C vi
{20 C ix, ff. 136*, 262, etc.
20 D xi, ff. 53*, 60, 92*,
216, etc.
2 A xvi, £ 30
Burn. 169, £ 75 *
Method of fixing
12,228
Tentpegs Lans. 782, £ 34*
Tettix, or Grasshopper
Burn. 97, £ 11
Thaddeus, Saint, Apostle
11,866, £ 167*
Thebes, view of
Harl. 1766, £ 28
Illustrated history
15,268, ff. 75 *, etc.
Destruction of
18 G ii
Thecla, Saint, mar
tyrdom 11,870, £ 175*
Theobald, Saint
Harl. 2865, £ 107
Theodora, Saint
11,870, f. 90*
Theodorus, Saint
18,851, £ 485
Theodosius, vision of
Harl. 1766, ff. 205, 206$
Theology personified
11,866, £ 12

TH

281

TH

Thessaly, Battle of
16 G viii, £ 305
Thomas, Saint, Apostle
23,145, f;.3I
19 B xvii, f. 19
4836, £ 12 *
11,865, f- 6*
11,866, £ 161*
15,815, f- 29
18,192, £ 208
18,851, £ 304*
25,697, £ 261

Thomas, (continued)
29,433, f- 198*
29,735, f- n6
Eg. 859, £ 38
Eg. 1070, £ 82
Confessing Jesus Christ
16,907, £ 14
Harl. 2449, £ 222 *
Thomas, Saint, Aquinas
{18,851, ff. 331*, 343
{28,962, f. 36
Eg. 1070, £ 88*

THOMAS, Saint, the Archbishop of Canterbury. —
This Saint, so great a favourite in England until his disestablish
ment by Henry VIII., would probably be more frequently found
in pictures were it not for the Act which ordered his name to be
erased and his pictures defaced, for which reason many of the
miniatures which yet remain have been woefully damaged by the
loyal subjects of the reforming king. The archbishop is symbo
lically represented in full vestments, holding a sword and martyr's
palm. There are several pictures of his martyrdom (one painted
within a very short time of his canonization), and these in
variably make a curious historical mistake in representing the
martyr as in the act of celebrating Mass, whereas, although at
the actual moment of the attack he stood by the altar in the
north transept of his cathedral, he had but just begun to take
part in the Vespers service. It is also curious that, though the
details of his death were so well known, and although an ad
dition to the eastern part of Canterbury Cathedral (still called
" Becket's Crown ") was built to receive the relic of the upper
part of his skull, which was cut off by his murderers, he should
so frequently be represented as merely stabbed in the back. Re
presentations of this scene are frequently employed in the seals
of the Archbishops of Canterbury down to the end of the
fifteenth century. Several monasteries also adopted the tableau
of the death of England's greatest religious champion for the
principal device on their seals.

28,784 B, £ n
19 B xvii, £ 36
15,813, f- 28
Eg. 1070, £ 83
Interview with Henry II.
Claud. D ii, ff. 70, 73
20 A ii, £ 7 *

Martyrdom of
21,926, £ 12* (defaced)
Harl. 5102, £ 32
30.072, f. 153
Nero D ii, f. 187
{17,012, £ 28 *
18,851, f. 314*
25,697, £ 40

TH

282

Tl

Thomas, (continued)
Ar. 318, £ 19*
Ar. 341, £ 16
{Harl. 1251, £ 48
Harl. 2846, £ 33 *
Harl. 2900, £ 56 *
Harl. 2982, £ 13 *
Harl. 2985, £ 29 *
Harl. 3000, £ 38 *
{Kings 9, £ 38 *
Slo. 2474, £ 22
- Slo. 2565, £ 17 *
Slo. 2571, £ 16*
Slo. 2633, £ 21 *
Translation of
30,072, f. 167 *
Thrashing corn
Tib. B v, £ 8 *
See Seasons.
Three kings' sons, ro
mance of the
{Harl. 326
Throne
Vesp. A i, £ 30 *
Harl. 2886, £ 56
11,662
Tib. B v, £ 4 * (with animal
corners) 13 A i
Slo. 1975, £ 91 *
Claud. D vi, ff. 2, etc.
8 F viii, £ 163
{15,268, ff. 64 (with animal
terminals); 203
24,642, £ 101 * (papal)
Harl. 3746 (papal)
Harl. 4381, ff. 37*, 41, 123*,
141 19 A xx, £ 2
19 B xiii, £ 3 *
20 B i, £ 15 (dog's head ter
minals) 15,677, £ 30*
£15,685, ff. 4, 6*, 9*, etc.
£15,816, £5

Throne, (continued.)
16,997, ff. in, 129
17,026, ff. 16, 78
{18,851, ff. in*, 112,437
25,695, ff. 147, 153
25,710, f. 32
27,697, ff. 19, 71*, 77*,io5*,
i74* 29,433, f- 83
Dom. A xvii, ff. 12, 49, 149,
176, 204*, 205
Eg. 2045, £ 115*
Harl. 2681, £ 1 (of a judge)
Harl. 2950, £ 74
{Harl. 4372, 4373
{Harl. 6205
Lans. 191, £ 1
Lans. 1179, f. 315
1 E ix, f. 164 *
16 F v, £ 1 (ducal)
{16 G iii, £ 18*
18 D vii, £ 2
19 A vi, £ 157
{19 Cvi
{19 C viii, £ 18*
Slo. 2732 B, f. 51
Thunderstorm
18 D ii, £ 83 *
Thyestes, banquet of
Slo. 2452, f. 3 *
Tiberius, portrait of
{22,318, £ 125
Death of
22,318, £ 134*
Tiger
11,283, f- 2
Burn. 257, £ 230 *
Capture of a cub
12 C xix, f. 28
Attacking a
Burn. 169, £ 142 *
18 G ii, f. 159
Theban {15,268, f. 95

TI

283

TO

Tintagel, castle of
20 A ii, f. 3 *
Titus, Emperor
Harl. 1766, f. 180*
Tityrus £",355, f- 1
Tobit
15,281, f. 206 * (with angel)
19 D ii, £ 207 *
15,248, £ 93 *
The man slain in the market
place 17 E vii, £ 198
Relieving poor
18,851, £263*
Dream of
1 E ix, £ 126 *
Death of
Harl. 4381, £ 226 *
{15 D iii, £ 220*
Coming to Raguel's house
Harl. 2897, £ 252 *
Tomb
Tib. C vi, £ 13*
Harl. 603, ff. 28, 73
Harl. 1629, ff. 29 *, 70
20 A v, ff. 37, 51*, 83*
17,026; £ 152
{17,280, £ 280*
24,098, £ 16 *
27,697, ff. 71 *, 118 *, 210
17 C xxxviii
See Jesus Christ.
Tongs, fire
Tib. B v, £ 8
Lans. 1 179, £ 166
Tools, carpenters', etc.
15,268, ff. 7*, 105*
Tib. A vii, £ 65 *
Harl. 4375, £ 123

Tools, (continued)
Harl. 4431, ff. 194 *, 198*,
220, etc.
16 G v, f. 80
20 C 5, f. 104
Top, whipping
18 E iv, £ 227
Torch
Harl. 603, £ 56 *
15,268, ff. 30*, 81*, etc.
Slo. 2471, £ 52 *
Tortures, cruelties, and
punishments 19,587 19,669
Nero D ii, f. 195
Eg 943
20 C vii
11,696, f. 136 *
Aug. A v, £ 99 *
Lans. 1 1 79 (saints)
14 E v
16 G v, ff. 107, 109, etc.
{18 D vii
Man put to torture
Harl. 4375, £ 140
Examination of criminals
Harl. 4375, £ 141
16 G v, £ 109
16 G v, £ 109 (questioner
seated beside woman)
14 E v, £ 227
14 E v, £ 507 * (females in
a cart) 16 G v, £ 101 (bleeding to
death) Crucifixion Eg. 943, f- 42
Lans. 1 1 79
Mutilation Harl. 441 1, £ 29
Hands cut off
10 E iv, £ 194 *, 195

TO

284

TR

Tortures, (continued)
Aug. A v, £ 460
14 E v, £ 163*
Cutting off the nose >
Aug. A v, £ 460
Tongue cut out
Harl. 4425, f. in
Slo. 2433, £ 97 *
Dragging by rope fastened to
horse 10 E iv, £ 213 *
Nero E ii, £67
Lans. 782, £ 16 *
Hanging by the hair
Lans. 1 1 79, £ 192
Torture of rack
Burn. 169, £ 156
16 G v, £ 109
20 C v, £ 141 *
Beating 11,696, £ 71
Harl. 4375, £ 45
Harl. 4425, £ 131 *
Women beating another with
clubs Harl. 4425, £ 81 *
Man beaten with a stick
15,274, £ 205 *
Scourging a saint
Lans. 1 179, £ 192
Man in spiked tub
11,696, £ 136*
Torture between two boards
filled with spikes
Harl. 1766, £ 159 *
14 E v, £ 239
Stoning Lans. 1 1 79 (saints)
Harl. 1766, £ 97 *
16 G v, £ 62 (women)
Throwing captive overprecipice
14 E v, £ 174
Throwing captives from tower
into water
11,696, £ 102 *

Tortures, (continued.)
Torture chamber
{Harl. 4375, £ 70*
See Executions.
Tournament
17,341, ff- 159*, 161
Lans. 782
5474 10,292-412,228
Burn. 275, f. 293
Harl. 4389, ff. 23 *, 26, etc.
{10 E iv, ff. 65 *, 66
10 E iv, £ 70 (hares)
19 C i, £ 203 *
24,098, £ 23 *
24,189, £ 15*
25,884, £ 104
{Burn. 169, £ 84
Jul. E iv, ff. 203, 207*, 211*,
215, etc.
Nero D ix, ff. 31 *, etc.
{Harl. 326, £ 113
Harl. 4375, £ 171*
{Harl. 4379, £ 23 * (between
hare and snail, mounted on apes)
Harl. 4431, ff. 118*, 152
14 E iv, £ 293 *
{18 Eh, £ 50*
19 E ii, ff. 130*, 206
See Duels. Knights.
Trades, group of various
workers in
18,750, £ 1
Trainers of animals
20 D iv, ff. 102 *, 237 *
Transubstantiation,
doctrine of, symbolised by
figure of Our Lord descend
ing from sky into a chalice
{15,817, £ 1*
Chalice, upheld by angels,
with figure of Our Lord, with
blood streaming from His
wounds, rising therefrom
{17,047, £ 1*

TR

285

TR

Traps, for game
27,699
See Bird-trap.
Traveller Cleop. C xi, £ 38 *
' ' Traylebaston , " or hired
assaulters Nero D ii, £ 195
Treasures
Harl. 4376, £ 356*
Harl. 4336, f. 1 *
Harl. 4337, £ 2
15 E i, £ 334 (plunder of)
19 E vi, £ 403
Digging, to bury
Harl. 4337, £ 2
Treasury, robbing a
Nero D ii, £ 192*
Treb-izond, view of
{19 C vi, £ 107
Tree
Tib. B v, £ 83
{Harl. 603
{Harl. 3244, £ 58 *
19,58710 E iv
19 B xv
20 A xvii, ff. 2, etc. (symme
trical) 27,697, ff. 39, 60
Aug. vi, £ 325 *
Harl. 3380
Harl. 443 t
14 E vi, £ 99
16 E viii, (interlaced and
symmetrical)

Tree, (continued)
Felling Aug. A v, £ 5 1 *
Nero E ii, f. 356
Digging at trees
14 E vi, £25
Producing precious stones
Tib. B v, £ 86
Armour hanging on a
Burn. 257, £ 297
Or trunk of genealogy
Tit. A xvii. £ 40
+ i2,53i
See Jesse.
With diagrams
Burn. 275
Of the sun and moon
15,268, £ 214*
Harl. 4979, £ 61
19 D i, f. 32
20 A v, f. 61
Of Virtues and Vices
Ar. 83, ff. 129*, 130 (the
Fall and Annunciation sym
bolised by contrasting the
Tree of Knowledge and the
Lily) Ar. 44, £ 29 (emblematic
trees bearing virtues and vices
for fruit)
1 B x, ff. 5 *, 7
Trench-digging
16 G vi, £ 440 *
17 F ii, £ 132 *
Trestle-bed oroperating
board 16 G viii, £ 32

TRINITY, the Holy.— A glance at the Church's
great definition of faith, the Creed of Saint Athanasius, will
convince any one of the extreme difficulty, or rather impos
sibility, of attempting a pictorial representation of the Holy
Trinity. It is, therefore, no wonder that in the early days of the

TR

286

TR

Church, pictures of this subject were discouraged and even
forbidden. But when in after ages other points of a less radical
nature had taken the place once occupied by minute dissections
of the construction of the Divine Essence, and the older
subjects of dispute had lost their absorbing interest by reason
of there being nobody willing to argue about them, pictures
of the Trinity ceased to be discountenanced, and in the fifteenth
century prohibition, if any indeed existed, was so disregarded as to
admit of the subject being among the commonest of all. There
are various ways of representing it. The most usual is a
group in which the First Person holds before Him the crucified
Second Person, while the Third, as a Dove, issues from His
mouth. This, however, is not so strictly orthodox with regard
to the Holy Spirit, qui ex Patre Filioque procedit, as another
form which shows more distinctly the Double Procession by
placing the Father and Son side by side, and showing the
Dove with one wing issuing from the mouth of each. In
some cases the Three Persons are represented in human form ;
and a few instances are found of the style which must have
been in the mind of the visionary Dr. Crewkhorne, who in
Henry VIII's reign saw " the Trinity sitting in a pall or mantle
or cope of blew colour, and from the middle upwards they
were three bodies, and . from the middle downwards were they
closed all three into one body." (See Froude's History of
England, Vol. IL, p. 343.) In cases where no other form is
noted, the pictures referred to in the following columns should
be taken to be of the first style above mentioned.

Tit. D xxvii, £ 75 * (two per
sons seated and B. V. M. hold
ing her Son in her arms, a dove
on her head. Below is the
mouth of hell with Judas and
Arius bound ; the devil under
the feet of God the Father)
Tib. A iii, f . 1 * (three per
sons seated)
28,784 A, £ 72 *
30,045, £ 53 (two persons
seated with dove)
Ar. 157, £ 93 (with feet on
demons) {Burn. 3 (two persons seated,
dove between)
Jul. D vii, £ 3 *
Harl. 2930, £ 90 * (two
persons seated with dove)
17,341, £ 160 (two seated,
dove) 28,681, £ 3 *

£29,407, f- 195 *
Harl. 2449, £ 79
Harl. 2891, £ 183*
Harl. 2897, £ 84 (two seated,
dove) Harl. 4381, £ 4
{Harl. 4940, £ 13 *
19 C i, £ 16
¦ 4836, ff. 174 (Father holding
crucified son, dove); 177*
(holding crucifix, dove)
10,341, £ 113* (very re
markable) 1 i,865,£85(crucifixanddove)
14,803, £ 100* (two persons
seated) i5,°77, f- 30* (God the-
Father holding dead Christ)
15,216 (frontispiece)
i5,525, £ 7 (crucifix and dove)
15,702, £ 157 (two persons
seated)

TR

287

TR

Trinity, (continued.)
15,711, £ 1*, (three persons)
15,813, £ 187
16,968, £ 94 (two persons,
dove) £i6,997, f- I"
i6,998,f.26(crucifixanddove) 17,012, £ 21* (God the
Father holding crucifix, which
stands on the world)
17,026 17,280, ff. 24* (Son on cross,
Father above, blessing, dove in
middle) ; 340
1 7 , 3 3 7, £ 1 (crucifix and dove)
£i7,353, f- n8*
17,467, f- 196*
17,738, f. 3 * (three persons)
18,192, £ 156 *
18,851, £ 241 (crucifix and
dove) 18,853, £ 19 (two persons
seated and dove)
{18,854, £ 134* (three per
sons seated)
{19,897, ff. 148*, 179*
19,962, £ 99 * (crucifix and
dove) {20,729, ff. 12 * (Father hold
ing dead Christ) ; 50 *, 70 *
(one person, with three faces) ;
127 * (two persons seated)
{20,787, £3
22,494, £ 37 (Father hold
ing crucifix, and dove)
22,590, £ 236 (crucified Son
and dove)
22,720, £ .53 (three persons
seated) 24,153, £ 68*
25,693, f- 53 (with B.V.M.,
three persons seated)
25,697, ff. 138 (crucifix
and dove) ; 237 (two persons
seated) {27,697, ff i74*, 191
£27,591, f- 157 .
27,948, £ 64 (seraphim
crowning the Father)

Trinity, (continued)
{28,785, £ 58 (Father holding
dead Son)
28,962, ff. 81 * (two persons
and dove) ; 203 (Father with
crucifix and dove)
29,253, £ 66 * (two persons
seated 29,433, ff. 178 (one person
with three faces); 192 (Father
holding crucifix)
29,704, ff. 15, 18 (crucifix
and dove), 35
+ 29,735, f- 92
29,903, £ 7 (one person with
three faces)
30,014, £ 44 (one person
with three faces)
30,059, £ 176*
Ar. 302, £ 136
Ar. 316 (crucifix and dove),
£ 48 Ar. 341, £ 14
Tib. B iii, £ 145 (two per
sons seated)
Eg. 940, £ 2 * (surrounded
by angels, with Our Lady on a
throne at one side, and saints
below) Eg. 1066, f. 83
Eg. 1067, £ 2 (Father hold
ing dead Christ)
Eg. 2125, £ 174* (Father
holding crucified Son)
Eg. 1070, ff. 70*, 93 *, 112
{Eg. 2019, ff. 203, 222 (Father
holding dead Son, with dove)
Eg. 2045, £ 25
Harl. 318, f. 8 * (with Saint
George, Saint Margaret, a king
and a queen)
Harl. 1 25 1, £ 40*
Harl. 1892, £ 188* (with
crucifix) Harl. 2846, £ 23 *
Harl. 2854, £ 84* (Father
and Son standing, dove)
{Harl. 2863, £ 108* (crucifix
and dove)

TR

288

TR

Trinity, (continued.)
Harl. 2865, £ 43 *
Harl. 2876, £83 (two persons
seated) Harl. 2887 (three half-length
figures, two of gold, surrounded
with rays), ff. 6*, 8*, 27*
(heads, hands, and feet only,
two persons gold, surrounded
by gold rays and angels)
Harl. 2915 (with B. V. M.)
Harl. 2917, £ 171 (two per
sons seated)
Harl. 2928, f. 18 (three per
sons) Harl. 2929, -f. 124*
{Harl. 2958, £ 21 (three per
sons clothed in black, seated
under canopies)
Harl. 2952, £ 32 * (gris.)
Harl. 2950, £ 242
Harl. 2969, f. 133 (three per
sons separate)
Harl. 3000, f. 236 (two per
sons seated)
Harl. 3999 (Holy Ghost as
a winged figure)
Harl. 5764, £ 77 *
Kings 7, f. 88 *
1 E ix, £ 154* (devil be
neath the Son's feet)
1 A viii, f. 7 *
2 A xii, £ 341
19 A xxii, £ 1
2 B xiii, £ 21 (crucifix and
dove) 2 B xv, ff. 9 * (three persons
seated, Father and Holy Ghost
with gold facesand hands) ; 10*
(three persons standing in rays
under one crown) ; 12 (God the
Father, with dove and crucifix) ;
55 * (with B. V. M., three per
sons seated) ; 62 (crucifix and
dove) ; 63 * (with B. V. M.)
15 D iii (two persons
seated) {16 G iii, £ 18* (two per
sons seated and dove)

Trinity, (continued.)
17 E vii, ff. 1, 253 * (two
persons seated, with dove)
Slo. 2321, £ 101 * (two per
sons seated in glory, holding
chalice, dove)
Slo. 2418, £ 129 (two per
sons seated)
Slo. 2471, £9*
Slo. 2571, £ 37*
Slo. 2633, £ 15 *
Slo. 2803, £199 (two persons
seated) "Scutum Dei triangulum,"
or Diagram illustrating the
doctrine of the Trinity
{Dom. A viii, £ 161
Faust. B vii, £ 43
Troilus, death of
18 G ii, £ 108 *
Trophimus, Saint,
martyrdom of
11,870, £ 141
Trophies
14,787 (classic armour)
18,000 (in border)
20,916
Harl. 2702, £ 98 * (classical)
Harl. 5256 (armour)
Kings 24, £ 210 *
Trowel
12,023, f- 2
Ar. 484, £ 190 *
Harl. 4431, £ 292
Troy, city of
15,268, £ 122
15,477, f- 11
Kings 24, £ 73
Battle of
18 D ii, £ 67 *
20 A ii, £ 1 *
Siege of
{18 G ii

TR

28g

UR

Troy, (continued.)
Destruction of, Troj an horse, etc.
" 15,477, ff- 49, 5°
Brazen horse
18 D ii, ff. 75, 76
Kings 24, £ 73 *
Truce, or proclamation
read to population
Harl. 4379, £ 182 *
Trunks
25,69s, f- 94
Tundale, Purgatory of
17 B xliii, £ 149 *
Tunic Ar. 339, £ 74
Turks, skirmish between
Christians and
20 C ix, £ 277 *
Turnus, death of
Kings 24, £ 227 *
Twins, mother and
10 E iv, £ 119
Carried off by lions
10 E iv, £ 120
Types from the Old
Testament illustrative of the
New Testament
Ar. 246
{Harl. 3240
{Kings 5
18,850
See Jesus Christ.

u
Ulrich, Saint
15,702, f. 647

Umbrella
Harl. 603, £ 15 *
Unfinished illustrations
Claud B iv
Harl. 5294, ff. 30*, 52*
Ar. 439, £ 84 *
20 C vii, ff. in, etc.
{20,698 (a.d. 1475)
Nero D vii
Harl. 5763
20 E i-vi
Unicorn
Harl. 603, £ 16
{16 E viii, £ 25
{Burn 275, £ 435 *
18,192, f. 17 *
{Burn. 97, £ 18
18 D ii, £ 3*
Legend of
17,738, £ 168 (rhinoceros)
Harl. 3244, £ 38
{Harl. 4751, £ 6*
1 2 C xix, £ 9 *
12 F xiii, £ 10*
{Slo. 278, £ 46
28,784 A, £ 67
Harl. 3448, £ 36 *
10 E iv, ff. 153, i56*,i76*
20 D iv, £ 168 *
Slo. 3544, £ 4
{14,816, £ 44*
Universe, the
Harl. 334, ff. 11, 30, 33*
System of the, turned by an
angel 19 C i, £ 33 b
Urban, Saint, Pope
15,813, f- 235 *
Eg. 1070, £ 109*
U rb an VI . , Pope, death of
18 E ii, £ 40* 20

UR

290

UT

Uriah going to battle
{Harl. 5763, f. (pen and ink)
Death of
Eg. 2019, £ 104
Harl. 5763, £ 45 * (pen and
ink)

Ursula, Saint
17,943, f- 138*
{18,851, £474*
Martyrdom of
{24,153, f. 120*
Eg. 1070, £ 105 (and 11,000
virgins)
. Harl. 5049, £ 115
Slo. 2321, £ 146

UTENSILS. — Under this heading are included re
ferences to pictures containing plates, dishes, jugs, drinking
vessels, etc. In many cases these are drawn in such a manner
that details of shape or decoration can easily be made out, and
this applies especially to the later Flemish work, in which may be
seen many well-defined instances of grey stoneware and other
similar pottery, not unlike the style of jugs and tankards now
manufactured at Bruges and elsewhere in Belgium, in imitation
of the older Flemish productions.

Lans. 782, ff. 19*, 37
Slo. 1977
10,292-4
{15,268, f. 24*
{Slo. 3983
Golden 11,696, £ 230
20,698 14 E iv, £ 265 *
20 B xx, £ 24
Eg 745, f- 25
Drinking vessels
Harl. 4940, £ 27
16 G v
27,695, f- 14
Nero D ix, £ 39
12 D ii, £ 29
Foot bath
Harl. 603, £ 66*
Ewer 24,199, £ 16*
Jugs Harl. 603, f. 50
28,162, f. 9 *
17,012, £ 1
17,026, £ 54*
{18,852, ff. 40, 189

20,729, £ 131*
25,885, £ 130*
Eg. 1070, £ 139
16 G iii, £ 168*
17 F vi, £ 1
Pail Harl. 4751, £ 23
Plates Harl. 603, ff. 50, 51 *
16 G iii, £ 168 *
Pot Harl. 4431, f. 292
Dish, or salt-cellar, on wheels
12,228, £ 9
Glass tumbler
14 E vi, £ 294 *
Water vessels
24,189, £ 10*
15,685, £ 66 *
18 E iv, £ 24 (bouquet)
19 E ii, £ 349 *
Harl. 4431, £ 115*
Woman with vessel on head
Harl. 4375, £ 233
Uter, King
20 A ii, £ 3 *

VA

291

VI

V
Valentine and Orson
ib E iv, ff. 120, etc.
Valentinian, battles of
Aug. A v, £ 388
Valerian, Emperor
Harl. 1766, f. 187*
Valerius (Marcus), duel
of, with a Gaul
£18 E v, £ 158
Valerius Maximus, illus
trated
{Harl. 4372-5
18 E iii, iv
Valturius (Robertus),
" De re Militari "
24,945
Vanity personified
Eg. 2022, £ 10
Varro, " De Re Rustica"
Harl. 2702
Vase
Harl. 2637, £ 39 *
Harl. 603, £ 246
Two-handled Harl. 4389, f. 8 *
Chinaware Eg. 2125, £ 186*
" The pot of Basil "
{Eg. 2020, £ 50*
Vashti before Ahasuerus
Harl. 4381, f- 248
Venice personified, with
standard of Saint Martin
21,463

Venice, (continued.)
Views of
Jul. E iv, ff. 2 08, 211
Doges of
Eg. 1500
25,816, £ 5
18,000
Jul. E iv, ff. 208, 211
20,916
Allegorical pictures relating to
Kings 156
Mass in the Church of Saint
John the Almoner, at
15,817, f. 1*
Pictures, fifteenth and six
teenth centuries
20,916
Venus, figure of
11,866, £ 4*
22,329, £ 6 *
Harl. 4425, ff. 137 *, etc.
Car of, drawn by doves
Harl. 4425, £ 138 *
Phases of the planet
Harl. 4940, £ 35
Veronica, Saint
15,702, £ 191
28,785, f. 178*
Ar. 302, £ 163
£Eg. 859, £ 13
Eg. 1068, £ 77
Harl. 1766, f. 198
Harl. 2854, £ 98
Harl. 5764, £ 97
Slo. 2418, £ 131
Showing cloth to B. V. M.
and Saint John
20,729, f. 99*
Vicar, costume of a
23,923, *"• 30
Vignay (Jean de), works of
Lans. 1 1 79
14 Ei 20*

VI

292

VO

Villany personified
19 B xiii, £ 6
20 A xvii, £ 3
Eg. 2022, £ 5 *
{Harl. 4425, £ 8*
Villiers de l' Isle- Adam
(Philip), Grand Master of
Malta, portrait of
18,143, f- 2
Vincent, Saint
20 D -vi, £ 59
17,006, £ 144
£30,084, f-.22I
19 B xvii, £ 51 *
11,865, f- 1
18,192, £ 214*
18,851, ff. 326, 358
19,962, £ 174*
20,694, £ 140*
Eg. 1070, £ 85 *
Vines
Tib. B v, £ 86 *
18,850, £ 16*
Pruning of
{Jul. A vi, £ 3 *
Harl. 7202, £ 2
Vineyard scenes
17,720, £ 71
24,098, £ 28 *
Vipers
Slo. 278, f. 51
12 C xix, £ 64
Virgil, works of
Lans. 834(illustrated through
out, made in 1642, from the
Codex ' of the third or fourth
century in the Vatican, No.
3225) n,3S5
{Kings 24

Virgin Saints
Cal. A xiv, £ 36
"All virgins"
17,353, f- 145*
Slo. 2605, £ 102 *
See Unicorn, capture of the.
Virginia, tale of
Harl. 4375, £ 45 '
Virtues, etc., characters
of the, with labels
Tit. A xvii, ff. 33, 38-40
Personification of
16 F iv, ff. 3, 38 *
And Vices
19 C ii
Ar. 83
Visions of spirits, etc,
10,341, f- 31 *
Burn. 275, £ 180 *
12,531, £ viii
Unclean spirits
Lans. 1 1 79, f. 50
Vitalis, Saint, martyr
dom of
Harl. 2897, £ 284
Vitalis (Joannes), Brix-
ianus, work by, 1568
Kings 156
Vitellius, Emperor
Harl. 1766, £ 175
Vortigern, King.
Jul. A v, £ 53 *
Choice of
20 A ii, £ 2 * (the " sene
schal ")
Burning of, in a castle
20 A ii, £ 3

1 See "The History, Art, and Palaeography of the Utrecht Psalter" (Bagster,
1876), pp. 16-19.

vo

293

WE

Vows, making of
20,787, £ 60 *
Vulcan, Venus and Mars
{Harl. 4425, £ 122 *
W
Waggon
Eg. 943, ff. 8o*,ii7,n8,etc.
Harl. 4381, £ 159
24,945^. 189,189* (military,
with scythes on axles)
Burn. 169, £ 36 (war chariot)
Burn. 169, £ 46*
{Aug. A v, £ 45 *
Nero E iii
Harl. 326, £ 90 (military)
1 E ix, £ 87
16 G viii, £ 277
17 F i
Wales, early Welsh draw
ings
{Cal. A iii, ff. 103, 163*, 195,
197, etc. (birds, wyverns, human
heads, etc.)
Wales, war in
JuL E iv, f. 203 *
Walk, covered
{Harl. 5763, £ 30 * (by side
of garden)
Walking-staff
Cleop. C xi, £ 2 *
14 E vi, £ 277
{17 F i, £ 228

Wallets
21,926, ff. 22 *, 66*
Cleop. C xi, £ 38 *
24,642, £ 80 *
20 A xvii, ff. 100, 176*
21,247, f- 69
Ar. 71, £ 9
16 G v, £ 93
17 D vi, f. 37
20 B xx, ff. 3, 85 *
Tit. A xvii, £ 43 *
Harl. 4375
Harl. 4379, f- 125*
Harl. 4431, £ 129*
Harl. 4431, £ 223
Wallingford (John de),
monk of St. Albans, portrait
Jul. D vii, f. 42 *
Walls, frescoed
Harl. 4339, f. 2
Walther, Duke
Harl. 1766, f. 252 *
Water, history of, and
its uses
15 E iii, £ 32
17 E iii, £ 165
Waves
{Harl. 4431, £ 100*
{19 E vi, £ 15
See Ark.

WEAPONS. — A very large proportion of the pictures
in Manuscripts, whether sacred or secular, include representa
tions of weapons of some sort. These, even when of early
date, are often drawn with a considerable amount of care and
attention as to details, and would afford a good deal of in
formation respecting the forms of the swords, shields, etc., in
use in various countries and at various dates. Of course, a
complete list of instances would be too large for the size of
our book ; we have therefore only referred to a number of the
most interesting examples, giving first a heading of general
instances, followed by a number of references to special -points.

WE

294

WE

Weapons, (continued.)
Harl. 2886, ff. 27 *, 28
24,199
{Tit. D xvi
{Cleop. C viii
13 E vi
Lans. 782
12,228
£i5,277 Burn. 275
Harl. 4940
Harl. 4979
15,268, ff. 101 *, etc.
16 G vi
20 C vii
10 E iv
14 E ii, ff. 144, etc.
19 B xiii, £ 103
19 C i, ff. 11*, etc.
20 A ii, ff. 1 *, etc.
12,53117,466, £ 136*
18,000
20,916
24,189Burn. 169
Burn. 257
Jul. E iv, art 6
Nero E ii
Nero E iii
Harl. 1319
{Harl. 6205
Harl. 7353
{14 D iv, v
14 E iv
16 G ix
17 F y, £ 3
18 E iii, iv
{19 C vi
20 B xx
20 C iv, v
20 C viii, £ 2 *
20 C ix
20 D xi
Battle-axe Harl. 603, ff. 4, 30 *
Harl. 1585, f. 17
Harl. Roll v 6

Weapons, (continued)
{Slo. 1975, £ 13
17,868, £ 24*
17,333, f- 14*
£Kmgs 5, f. 13
27,697, ff. 71*, 83*
Harl. 4375, £ 171*
{15 D hi, £ 103
Bows and arrows
Harl. 603
11,695, £ 223
Harl. 4972, f. 10*
2 B vi, £ 10
16 E viii, £ 4
15,243, f- 12
17,333, f- 5*
22,493, f- 1 *
Burn. 275, £ 293, etc.
{Cleop. D ii, £ 1
17,026, £ 73
27,697, £ 83*
Tib. A iv, £ 8 *
Eg. 1065, £ 192
{Harl. 4425, £ 18*
16 F i, £ 41
16 F iii, £ 11
19 B xv, £ 9 *
19 C vi, £ 152
Crossbow 6 E vi, £ 179 *
Harl. 6563, £ 73
20 B i, £ 25 *
19,780, £ 280*
Jul. E iv, ff. 219, etc.
Nero E ii, £ 246
Eg. 1 146, ff. 7 *, 10*
Harl. 4379, ff. 83*, etc.
19 C viii, £ 41 (butts)
20 C viii, £ 2 *
Cutlass 17,333, f- 6
12 C iii
15 D iii, f. 103
Dagger 27,695, £ 14
Hand-grenade Nero E ii, £ 24 *

WE

295

WE

Weapons, (continued.)
Helmet Harl. 603, £ 56 *
{16 G viii, £ 116
See Knight.
Mace Cleop. C xi, £ 16
6 E ix, £ 21 *
Club 19 B xiii, £ 29
20 A xvii, ff. 26, 28, etc.
20,787, £ 101 *
Spiked club
Aug. A v, £ 442
Eg. 2022, ff. 38, etc.
Harl. 4425, ff. 32, 34, etc.
Matchlocks Harl. 5256
" Morning Stars "
24,098, £ 4 *
Muskets Burn. 169, £ 127
Pike 22,726, £ 32 *
Sword sheaths
15 D ii, £ 193
Scabbard Vesp. A xix, £ 1 *
Scimetar 18 G ii, £ 159
Shield 18,043, £ 64*
24,199
Harl. 603
Cal. A xiv, £ 22
Jul. A vi, £ 4 *
Tib. C iv, ff. 9, 16
11,695, £ 194
17,738, f- i79*
17,739, f- x9
Nero C iv, £ 6
Harl. Roll y 6
Lans. 381, £ 7 *
30,045, £ 8 *
Ar. 157, f- 62

Weapons, (continued)
1 D x, ff. 5-52
15,244, f- 3
17,333, ff- 19 b, 22*, 40*
18,633, f- 23 *
27,376, £ 150
Ar. 104, £ 344
Harl. 6563
6 E ix, ff. 19 *, 20 *, 21 *
19 B xv, ff. 21 b, 23*
17,399
20,916, £ 1
28,962, £ 78
Jul. E iv, £ 219
Slinger, with stones and sling
10,293, f- 1
Spear or lance
24,199
Ar. 155, £ 93
Cal. A xiv, £ 20 *
Jul. A vi, ff. 4 *-7
Tib. C vi, £ 9
Harl. 603
Harl. 2908, £ 53 *
17,739, f- 19
Nero C iv, £ 6
Harl. Roll y 6
Slo. 1975, £ 21
1 7,333,. f- i4*
15 D iii, £ 103
1 9 B xv, f. 2 1 *
27,697, £ 83*
See Tournaments.
Sword 10,546, £ 411*
18,043, £ 64 *
24,199
Ar. 155, £ 93
Tib. C vi, ff. 9, 10*
Harl. 603
Harl. Roll y 6
Slo. 1975, ff. 15, 24, etc.
£15,219, f- 12
24,678, £ 14
Cal. A vii, £ 9
1 D x, f. 7
17,333

WE

2g6

WI

Weapons, (continued)
17,687, f. k
18,633
22,493 ..
2 A xxii, £ 220
15 D ii, ff. 104, 127*
19 B xv
18,193, f- 4i *
18,854, ff. 91, 62
28,962, £ 383 *
Burn. 257, £ 376 * (queen
falling on)
Nero E iii
Harl. 2863, £ 71
12 C iii
14 E iii, ff. 81, 81 *
18 E v, £ 137*
Wearmouth ABBEY,early
drawing of
Jul. A x, £ 63 *
Weaver, with shears, etc.
15,685, £ 24*
Weaving, ladies
20,698, £ 101
Apparatus, or loom
i6Gv,ff. 21*, 45*, 54*, 56
17 E iv, £ 75 *
20 C v, ff. 30*, 61 *, 72*, 75,
etc.
Weir, or dam
{Aug. A v, £ 170*
Well
Nero C iv, £ 17
Harl. 3240, ff. 7, n (with
windlass and bucket)
10 E iv, £ 161
19,720, £ 1
27,697, f- 49
{Aug. A v, £ 170* (water re
servoirs, or pools)
Aug. A v, £ 99 * (man in a
chair over)
{Aug. A v, £ 142 (at crossway)

Well, (continued)
Harl. 334, f. 53
Harl. 4425, £ 20
15 E vi. £ 4* (windlass)
Wenceslaus, Saint
18,851, £463*
Westminster Abbey
14 C vii, £ 130 *
Assembly at
Harl. 1319, £ 57
Westmoreland, drawing
of an upright stone on a hill in
{13 A iii, £ 84
Whale
Harl. 3244, ff. 60, 61
Mariners riding on a
Harl. 273, £ 80*
See Jonah.
Wheat sacks
Harl. 603, £ 21
Wheel, or Mill, tale of
10 E iv, £ 78
Round a tree
Tib. A vii, £ 58 *
Wheel-barrow
Aug. A v, £ 416
18 E i, £ 100
Whip
Harl. 603, £ 72
16 E viii, £ 34
Widow
Eg. 1065, £ 9
Wilgefort, Saint
19,416, £ 145 *
William, Saint
17,026, f. 77*
18,192, £ 218 *
{Harl. 1211, £ 86*
Eg. 1070, £ 84

WI

297

wo

William the Conqueror,
King of England
Faust. B vii, £ 67
Nero D v, £ 100 (head)
Vit. A xiii, £ 2 *
20 A ii, f. 5 *
{Jul. E iv, £ 1
Seated, in armour
{Faust. B vii, £ 72^
In armour, on horse,attended
by nobles
Claud. D ii, £ 30
Coronation of
Nero D ii, £ 103
William IL, King of
England
Vit A xiii, f. 3
Jul. E iv, f. 1 *
Slain with arrow
40 A vi, f. 6
William, King of Sicily
Harl. 1766, £ 241
Winchester, view of
13 A iii, £ 34
Winds personified
Dom. A xvii, £121
Harl. 334, £ 76*
Tables of
19 C i, £ 50
Wind-vane and tower
24,945, f- 232 *
Windlass
19,720, £ 18
16 F iv, ff. 3,38*
10 E iv, ff. 246 *, 289 *
18,850, f. 17*
See Fountain. Well.
Windows, tracery of
14 D ii, £ 8
Stained glass
Harl. 4393, f. 2 *

Windows, (continued?)
Stained glass, with repre
sentations of Paradise and
Purgatory {18,193,1.86*
Wine making
Claud. B iv, £ 17
Kings 24, £ 26*
Winged figures
Harl. 4924
Winnowing corn
Tib. B v, £ 8 *
14 E vi, f. 62
Wisdom personified
10,546, £ 232 *
Harl. 4382, £ 23 *
1 E ix, £ 166
15 D iii, £ 299
Witch, Saul and the
Harl. 1766, f. 94*
Woden and descendants
Calig. A viii, £ 29
Wolf
10 E iv, £ 295 *
27,699 16 G v, £ 55 (Romulus and
Remus) 12 C xix, £ 19 (sheepfold)
in monastic dress
22,557, £ 44*
Conversing with a priest
13 B viii, f. 17*
Wolfgang, Saint
15,702, £ 237*
Wood, a
14 E v, £ 494

wo

298

ZA

Woodcutters
Tib. B v, £ 6
Harl. 5763, £ 3
{Aug. A v £ 142
See Seasons.
Wool, preparation of
Nero D ii, £ 9
ioEiv,ff. 138, 139, 157-159
Box for
21,247, f- 69
Boxes of coloured wool for
tapestries 20,698, £ 90
Hackle 16 G v, £ 56
Work-basket
18,193, f- 48 *
Work-box, lady's
21,247, f- 69
World, view of the
Tib. A iv, £ 8 *
Bird's-eye view of the
15 E iii, £ 67 *
Pivot of the
19 D i, £ 40
Six ages of the 1
Harl. 4940, £ 51
Worshipper
{12,231, f. 1 *
16,998, £ 67
17,943, f- 130*
18,192, £ 65
18,193, £ 143*
20,859, f- 4i
+ 24,153, ff- 74*, M3*
27,697, £ 19
Harl. 2854, £ 15 *
Harl. 2900, £ 55
Harl. 2943, £ 18
{Harl. 2952, ff. 18 *, 19 *
2 A xviii, £ 34

Worship of a heathen
goddess Harl. 4372, £ 140
Wreck of a ship
15 Eiv, f. 179
See Shipping.
Wrestling, scenes of
Kings 24, f. 88
Ar. 157, £ 95 *
Or quarrelling over a game
20 D iv, £ 196
Wringing out clothes
20 C v, f. 12
Writer See Scribe.
Wyvern Harl. 3244, £ 39 *
20 D iv, £ 219*
See Dragon, Grotesques, etc.
X
Xenophon, illuminated
works of
i6Gix
{19 C vi

York, view of
{13 A hi, f. 32
Yrme, Saint
20 D yi, £ 187

Zacharias, prayer of
1 E ix, £ 267 *

ZA

299

zo

Zacharias, (continued)
And the angel
{Claud. B v, £ 132 *
Harl. 2449, £ 168
19 Ci, 155*
HarL 5764, f. 81
Censing in temple
{18 Ev, f. 365*
Naming John Baptist
29,704, £ 1
Zani (Hieronymus), Pro
curator of St. Mark's
Kings 156

Zechariah the Prophet

Zechariah, (continued.)
Vision of horses
Harl. 4382, £ 129
1 E ix, £ 237 *
See Bibles.
Zedekiah, torture of
HarL 1766, f. 123 *
Zenghis Khan, head of
Eg. 1500, £ 49
Zeno, Saint, martyrdom
11,870, £ 67
Zephaniah, the Prophet
HarL 4382, £ 127
17 E vh, f. 372 *
19 D ii, £ 399
1 E ix, £ 236
{15 Diii, £ 403*
See Bibles, illustrated.

ZODIAC, Signs of. — In addition to devices repre
senting the seasons, emblematic representations of the astrono
mical sign of the Zodiac traversed by the sun during the first
part of the course of each month are generally introduced into
the page appropriated to that month. The zodiacal year, during
which the sun progresses through the whole circle of signs, begins
at the vernal equinox (March 21st), and on that account Aries
the Ram is set against the month of April, so that the sun begins
the civil year in the sign of Capricorn, which is attributed to
January in these calendars. It should be noted that in this
apportioning of signs, the theoretical rather than the actual
position of the sun was adopted, for during the two or three
centuries preceding the adoption of the Gregorian reformed
calendar (that is to say, during the period at which most of
these Manuscripts had their origin), the sun entered Aries as
early as the nth or 12th of March, hence occupying the greater
part of that month in that sign. It is possible, however, that the
sign of the first day of the month was taken as, astrologically
speaking, ruling that month, in which case the error in the
Julian calendar would not affect the question. The representa
tions in early books are simple medallions with figures of the
constellations which give their name to the twelve divisions of
the celestial ecliptic ; but in the later books the Zodiac is often
made an occasion for the introduction of pictures of great beauty,
wherein the Ram, Bull, or Goat are shown capering in the fields ;
the Fish and Crab swimming or crawling in water; and the

zo

300

zo

Maiden sitting in a garden wreathing flowers or reading ; while
the other signs are occupied in an equally suitable manner.

Harl. 647
Ar. 60, ff. 2-7 *
{Jul. A vi, ff. 3-8 *
Tib. B v
Harl. 2506
Nero C iv, ff. 40 *-46 *
Eg. 1 139
Lans. 381, ff. 2-7
Lans. 383, ff. 3-8 *
{17,868, ff. 1-10
21,114, ff 1-6 *
{24,678, ff. 1-6*
Ar. 157, ff. 13-18*
Ar. 339, ff. 78, etc.
1 D x, ff. 9-14 *.
{ 2 A xxii, ff. 5-9 *
16,975, ff. 2-7 *
24,681, ff. 4-14
28,784 A, ff. 12-25
Cleop. B xiv, ff. 1-12
Harl. 2449
Harl. 2979, ff. 8*-i9*
Harl. 4940, ff. 29, etc.
19 C i, ff. 34, etc.
£Slo. 3983
4836, ff. 2-12 *
11,865, ff- 1-6*
11,866, ff. 1-12*
15,677, ff I*"
{17,012, ff. 1-12
18,192, ff. 3 *-i4*
{18,850, ff. 1-12
{18,851, ff. 1-7

20,859, ff- 1-12
£23,770 £25,695, ff- i*-n*
25,710, ff. 1-6*
27,59i, ff- 2-13
28,785, ff. 2 *-i3 *
30,059, ff. 1-12
Eg. 2019, ff. 1-12
Harl. 1892, ff. 25-30*
Harl. 2863, ff. 2 *-i3 *
Harl. 2915, ff. 2-7 *
Harl. 2917, ff. 2 *-i2 *
Harl. 2924, ff. 4-15
Harl. 2934, ff. 3-14 *
Harl. 2935, ff. 1 *-i2*
Harl. 2936, 1-12 *
Harl. 2955, ff. 2 *-l3 *
Harl. 2980, ff. 2-13
Harl. 2985, ff. 1-12
Harl. 3000, ff. 2-13
Harl. 5049, ff. 2-17 *
Harl. 5762, ff. 2-9
Kings 6, ff. 1 *-i2 *
Kings 9, ff. 3-14
1 7 A xvi
Slo. 961, ff. 1-12
Slo. 2471, ff. 1-12
Slo. 2605,. ff. 2,4*
19 C i, £ 36
Zoroaster, portrait of
Aug. A v, f. 25 *

ADDENDA.

Abbot
£19,767, f- ult.
Benedictine 10 E iv, £ 223
Abraham sacrificing Isaac
Cleop. C viii, £ 1
Tit. D xvi, £ 1 *
Acerbi (Marino de'), Se
cretary of the Scuola del
Corpo di Cristi, at St. John
the Almoner, Venice. Por
trait 15,817, £ 1 *
Acolytes 6 E vi, £ 4»
Acrostics
Harl. 3045
Adam and Eve
Harl. 3448, £ 41
Advocate
6 E vi, £ 50 *
Alchemist
Harl. 2407, £ 34 *

Alexander, exploits of
15 D iv
Ambrose, Saint, Bishop
17 F vi, ff. 1, 81, 126
17 F vii, ff. 7, 129
Singing 7 B viii, £ 3 *
Angels
Tib. A vii
28,162, £ 9*
16 G iv, f. 7
Nine orders
Slo. 3049, ff. 2, 13
Seraphim Harl. 2876, £ 83
{1 B x, £ 6
Guardian Harl. 3448, f. 22 *
Guardian angel warding off
devil Slo. 3049, £ 27 *
Animals
{Harl. 3448
14,816
Fabulous HarL 4379
Harl. 4380

AN

302

BU

Anne, Saint
20,729, f. 31 *
Anne of Bretagne,
Funeral (1513)
6277,
Ants Harl. 3448, £17*
14,816, £ 24 *
Armelino, an animal
Harl. 3448, £ 44
Armour
{10 E iv, £ 19, etc.
Tib. A vii, £ 75
Army 15 D iv
Harl. 4375, ff- 72*, 142*
Asses HarL 4385, £ 108*
Harl. 525.6
' AuGUSTiNE,Saint,.Bishop of Hippo,
17 F vi, ff. 1., 81,. 126
17 F vii, ff. i„ 12-9,
Singing 7 B viii, £ $*
Author presenting work
Jul. E v, £ 1
15 D iv
20 A xix, £ 1
Ar. 71
Harl. 4939, f. 7

Bear
14,816, ff. 13 *, 28

Bees
14,816, £ 13*
Hives 14,816, £ 28
14 E iv, f. 63
Berry. (John), Duke of
14 E v
Birds
{Vitel. A xv
14,816 <
17 F vii (in border)
Boniface VIII., Pope,
receiving a copy of his De
cretals by John Andrea of
Bologna, a.d. 1222
Harl. 3718, £ 1 *
Harl. 3751, £ 1
Borders
Harl. 6563 (domestic figures,
trades, etc.)
Bouillon (Godfrey de)
on throne
17 F v, £ 3
Buildings (10th century)
Vitel. A xv, f: 101 *
13th century
14 C vii
1 5th century
{18 E v(a.d. 1473)
Interiors {Aug. A v
Courtyard £i7 F v, £ 3.
Drawbridge 14 D iv, £ 39
Gateway 20 D ii, £ 19 *
Bull
14,816, f.27

BU

303

IR

Busts in medallions
Harl. 5256

C/ESAR (Julius)
Faust. B vii, £51
Assassination of
17 F «, f- 336
Camel
{Vitel. A xv, f. 98
Cannon Vesp. A xvii
Carriage Harl. 5256
£15 D iv
Charetier (Alain), pre
senting book to a king
Jul. E v, f. 1
Costume
English, 10th century
{Vitel. A xv, f. 9.8 *
French, nth century
Harl. 4951
Creation of animals
18,851, f. 63
Crowns
Harl. 2278.
Imperial Harl. 4372., £ 215
D
Diagrams Harl. 979
Harl. 957
Dominic, Saint, carried
to heaven
Harl. 2449, £ 210

Dunstan, Saint, as a
monk, adoring the Holy
Trinity
Tit. A iii, £ 1 *

Ecclesiastical Cere
monies
Confession 18,851, £ 69*
Dedication of church
Harl. 2449, £ 119
Consecration of bishops
14 C vii, £ 130*
Ecclesiastical Furni
ture
Pulpit
19 B xvii, ff. 63*, 220*
Harl. 13 1 9, £ 12
{17 F i, £ 198 (octagonal)
Ecclesiastical Utensils
Pastoral staff
13 B viii, £ 30
Ecclesiastical, Vest
ment^
Mitres
14 C yn' (in margins)

Geometry personified
11,866, f. IO H
Horse, caparisoned
{Harl. 6205, £ 37 (a.d. 1519)
I
Irish, manners of the
13 B viii

JE

304

MA

J
Jesus Christ
Adoration of shepherds
16,998, £ 40
Nero D ii, £ 29
" Ecce Agnus Dei "
30,038, £ n
Harl. 2969, £ 136
Raising of Lazarus
Harl. 2853, £ 137 *
Entry into Jerusalem
Harl. 2449, £ 78 *
Resurrection Harl. 2449, f. 1 9 *

Jesus Christ, (continued.)
Ascension Harl. 2449, £ 55
14 C vii, £ 146
Instruments of Passion
Harl. 2863
Harl. 4996
Kings 9, ff. 41-44
Joachim, Saint, angel
announcing the birth of the
B. V. M. to
£Cal. A xiv, £ 26
M
Mary, Saint, the Blessed
Virgin, giving her girdle to
Saint Thomas
Harl. 2876, £ 43 *
11,865, f- 44*

INDEX,

*** The Numerals refer to the pages of t/ie Work.

Aaron ... 230
Abbess . . - 104
Abbey ... 70
Abbot . . - • 58, 107
Abel ... 76
Abishag ... 95
Abdication . ¦ 258
Abraham . . . 41. 224
Acrobats ... 278
Adam ... 138
.(Eneas . . . 76
Aerial progress . 35
Ages of man . . 267
Ages of wof Id . > 29s
Agriculture . . 265
Ahasuerus . ¦ 291
Alb . . . • "4
Alexander the great 42
Allegory 42, 61, 80, 194, 291
Alley ... 73
Altar . 106, 1 10, 236

Altar vessel
Ambassador
Ambo AmbroseAmiceAmorini Amram Andrew (Saint)
Angel 32, 43, 79, 9°. '

106 84
no
139 114 67
138
245
:, 191,

205, 215, 218, 219
220, 223, 250, 256,
263, 274, 2S4, 2S9
299

Animal 66, 235, 236, 284
Anne (Saint) . . 182
Anselm ... 98
Anointing . .262
Ape . . 57, 238, 263, 284
Apparels. . » 113
Arabesque . 65, 66, 67
Arcade . . > 73
Arch . . . 7'» 73
Architecture . . 68-74
Arius . . • 286
Ark . . -95, 236, 271
Armouf 62, 105, 194. 275,
285, 288, 296
Arrow . ' . 266, 294
Arsinoe ... 96
Asp. 77
Asperges . . . 105
Ass . . • • 53> 226
Assassination . 68, 75, 279
Assembly . • 296
Assyria 247
Athenian . . • I03
Augustine (Saint) 36, 139
Augustus . • 271
Aumbry . . > 132
Austin Canon . . 77
B
Babylon ... 234
Bagpipe ... 23
Balance . 226, 264, 273
Balance weight . 262
Baldachino . . no
Banner . . .83, 105

Banquet . . 123, 243
Baptism 36; 51, 58, 107, 243,
245
Barrel . .' 101,263
Bath ... 267
Battle . 204, 205, 288
Battle-axe . . 294
Bear . 57, 94, 101, 275
Beast . 32, 47. 53. 67
Beating ... 284
Bed . 78, 101, 130, 277
Bedchamber . . 129
Bedroom chair . 130
Beggar . . 209, 239
Beheading . . 122
Bell . . . - 95. 231
Bench . . . 130
Benedict (Saint) . 224
Benedictine . . 31, 22S
Bestiary ... 41
Bethlehem . . 94, 205
Bible portraits . . 193
Bier. ... no
Birds 47, '65, 66, 67, 76, 85,
103, 272, 293
Bird's-eye view . 74
Bishop . . 245, 273
Blessings . . i°5
Boar ... 275
Boat . . 79. 269, 272
Book 41, 58, 78. 256, 264
Bookshelf . . 130
Border . . 231
Bottle ... 247
Bow . . -44. 294
Bowl ..• 275
21

BR

306

EC

Bridge . . 201
Bridle ... 151
Brigittines . . 237
Brunehilda . . 150
Bucket . . . 296
Buildings . . 198
Bull. . . . 120
Burial ... 105
Burning . . 122, 262
Burning mountain . 230
Busts . . 248, 259
Butterfly . . .65, 66
Byzantine style . 85

Cabinet . . . 131
Caesar . . 46, 50, 103
Cage ... 61
Campanile . . 70
Candle . . . 46, 1 1 1
Candlestick . . 131
Canopy ... 131
Captive . . . 284
Capuchin. . . 228
Car . . . 100, 291
Cardinal ... 63
Caricature 41, 45, 62, 63,
100, 236, 238, 297
Carlovingian art . 152

CarmeliteCarpenter Carpet .
Carriage .
Cart Carthusian CarryckkeCassock .
Castle CatafalqueCattleCemetery
Censer Censing .
Centaur .
Cerastes .
Chad Gospels
Chair Chalice . 54,
Chalice-veilChamber .
Chamber, torture
ChapelChariot 92, 204,
293
Charity (Saint)
Charming
Charnel-house .
CharterChasubleCherubim

71

in,

128, 228
275, 283 131 62
2S3
228270
14. 250
74. 292 no
73. 265 106in
106, 299
45.8i 50
'53'31
284, 288 in
250274 70
238, 278,

273272 7i
93, 264, 279 114
37.40

Children 6i, 234, 235, 259,
262
Child-angels . . 38
Chinaware . . 291

Choir ... 95
Chopper ... 60
Chorus . . . 231
Church 71, 77, 106, 227, 237,
242, 250
Ciborium . ' . in
Cistercians . .31, 228
City 50, 53, 59, 124, 260
Cithern . . .95, 234
Cleopatra . . 106
Clerk ... 103
Clockwork . . 5 J
Cloister . . . 71, 73
Club . . . 294
Cluniac . . . 228
Coal-fire . . . 124
Cock-crowing . . 245
Cock-throwing . 275
Coffin ... 96
Coffin-lid . . . 272
Collars of horses . 151
College ... 63
Colours for church seasons ¦3
Column ... . 272
Communion 52, 58, 10S, 221,
224

Confession ConfessionalConfirmationConsecration

5L 83,

108, 281 no
10S
106,

ro9, 251
Cope . . . 115
Cornelia . . . 139
Coronation 36, 46, 83, 94,
106, 202, 258, 262,
273

CorpseCorridor CottaCottageCoursing

83, 98, 250 73
"3 73
275

Courtiers 35, 73, 95, 192, 251
r. , 255
Crabs . . . 268
Cradle . . . 131
Creation . . 138
Creator . . . 137
Crewkhorne (Dr.) . 286
Crook . . . 150
Crosier . . . in
Cross . . 32, 112, 202
„ Adoration . 107
„ Invention . 145
Crossbow . 270, 294
Crown . . . 237
Crown of thorns . 41
Crows' nest . . 270
Crucifix 33, 138, 285-288
Crucifixion . . 283
Cruelties . . 283
Crutch ... 89
Cupboard . . 132
Cupids ... 36
Curtains . no, 132
Cushion . . . 132

Cutlass .
Cutting off nose

'294 2S4

Dagger ... 294
Daily offices . . 107
Dalmatic . 115, 276
Damasus, Pope . 157
Dance . . 57, 265, 275
David 32, 55, 138, 234, 251
262
Dead man . . 36
Deathbed . . 80
Degradation of priest 107
Delilah . . . 261
Den, Lions' . . 91
Denis . . . 250
Deposition of priest 107
Desert . . . 222
Designs . . . 63-67
Desk no, 132, 248, 256
Devil 40, 44, 58, 91, 104, 200
250, 257, 270, 274,
277, 286, 288
Diagrams 47, 51, 53, 84, 231,
258, 259, 279, 285,
288, 296
Diaper background
Disciples .

DishDistaff
Dives DivinerDoctorDoctors of the Church 1 26
Dog 58, 78, 80, 88, 103, 268,
272

197 83
290 33
241
273
204, 247

DogeDome roof
Dominican
Door
Doorway Dormer

77, 140, 291 73
128, 22S, 237 132 73 73

Dove 90, 148, 149, 207, 236,
248, 263, 285-288, 291
Dragging by horses 112
Dragon 53, 135, 201, 206,
225, 274
Drapery ... 38
Drawbridge . . 74
Dream 35, 46, 51, 91, 231,
246, 273
Drinking vessels . 290
Ducks . . 103, 275
Dulcimer . . 232
Durham Gospels . 153

Eadwine Psalter . 251
Ecbatana . . 234
Eclipse . . 229, 278

EG

307

JU

Eggs ... 242
Eglantine . . 66
Egyptian illuminations 239
Elephant . . 101
Elmo (Saint) . . 119
Elohim . . . 137
Emblem . . . ,50
Embroidery . 261, 280
Emperor 84, 95,-96, 191, 259,
271, 272, 276
Engines . . . 264
Engraving . . 219
Epicycles, P.tolomaic 278
Eucharist . . 107
Ewer . . 133, 290
Examination of criminals 283
Excommunication . 107
Execution . . 279

Fabulous animals 42, 50, 76,
83, 206, 237, 241, 267
Falcon ... 45
Faith (Saint)_ .
Familiar spirits
Faust . 96, 183
Finches .

FireFishFiredogs .
FireplaceFlagon .
Fleche .
Flowers .
FluteFlytrap .
Font
Footbath .
FordForge
Fortifications Fortune .
Fountain .
Fox .
FranciscanFrescoes .
Fruit trees

273273
231, 265 66
265
85, 272 132132112 71
65-67 232 123no
296260 62
54-73 250 55 62
128, 237 Si
251

Funeral 43, 80, 92, 255, 258

Gabriel . . 138, 215
Gallery ... 73
Galley ... 270
Galliass ... 270
Games 42, 67, 101, 236, 255,
272, 285, 298
Garden . 260, 293, 300
Garter, Order of . 118
Gateway . . .73. 74
Gaulish prince . 248
Gaza ... 261

Gem-ring . . 259
George (Saint) . 53, 287
Glass vessels . . 290
Gleaning . . . 260
Gloves . . . 116
Goat . . . 201
God the Father 32, 33, 41,
42, 230, 236
Golden calf . . 138
„ statue . . 276
„ utensils . 290
Golf . . . 275
Goliath . . .92, 94
Grapes . . . 265
Grave . . 250, 257
Greek fire . . 124
Grenade . . . 294
Grisaille 66, 106, 141, 150,
•57. '7'. I7S. I76>
178, 181, 187, 215,
219, 223, 257, 288
Grotesque . . 61-66
Gryllus . . . 272
Guitar . . . 232
Guthlac (Saint) . 55, 97

95.

H
Hagar
Hall Hands cut off
HangingHareHarley Psalter
HarpHarp-caseHarvest .
Hautboy .
HawkHawkingHaymakingHeadsHeartHeaven .
Hell . . 40, 46,
Helmet .
Henry II.
Henry VI.
Hermit .
HermitageHerodHerodias .
Historia Scholastica
Hoeing .
HolofernesHoly Family
„ water
„ „ sprinkler
„ „ stoup .
Holy week ceremonies
Hoopoes .
Hope (Saint) .
HoraceHorn . . -45. 233
Horse 96, 103, 105, 296, etc.

3273
283
122, 277
88, 284
251
232, 274
233 265233
277
265, 275 265293 5'
40.5'
257. 274294 281 191
43, Si, 243 7'
185, 205 185 59
265 189
213 105
.112 112
170 66
273229

Horse Trojan . . 2S9
„ Winged. . 243
Horsemen . . 95
Host (Eucharist) 40, 54, in
„ Elevation of . 108
Houseling cloth . 112
Human monsters . 229
Humility . . . 250
Hunting 42, 57, 62, 63, 88,
99, 143, 265, 275
Hut. . . . 268
Hydra . . . , 146
Hydraulic machinery 205

Iamnes . . . 206
Idols 35, 44, 105, 201, 225,
29S
Idolatry . . . 273
Immaculate conception 43
Incubus ... 98
Inkstand ... 97
Insects . . .65, 66
Instruments 51, 58, 66, 278
Interiors . . .52, 61
Isaac ... 32
Ishmael ... 32
Island ... 52
Israelites . . 230, 246
Ivy . . . . 66, 67

J

246
247 137139

JacobJames (Saint) .
Jehovah .
Jerome (Saint)
Jerusalem . g4, 251, 280
Jester . . . 126
Jesus Christ 5g, 8i, g7, 230,
241, 245, 281, 284
ethro . . . 230
ewels . . .67, 77
ewish Priest . . 251
oachim (St.) . . 42
_ oachim, king . . 55
Joash, king . . 1 18
Job. . . . g8
John. Baptist (Saint) 147,
218, 257, 299
John (8aint) Evangelist 291

Jonathan "ordan oseph osse (Saint)
udaeaudasude (Saint)
udgeugglers .

|ugs lufi

ius Caesar .
21*

94
•55
250 190 5i
286271278 42
290
46, 50, 103

KA

308

RA

K
Katharine (Saint) . 146
Kells, book of . . 153
Key . . 201, 244, 246
King 32, 35. 46, 78. 89, 95
96. 274
Knight . . 58, 90, 103

Ladder .

40

Lady 80, 258, 264, 274, 275

Lamb . . . 94, 260

Lamp

32, 112, 132

Lantern .

133

Lazarus .

241

Lectern .

no, 256

Letters .

. 5°. 205

Library .

133. 256

Lightning

. 183

Lily

285

Lion 91, 94,

261, 275, 289

Lion, winged

207

Lists

103

Loom

296

Louis (Saint)

146

Lovers

265

Lucretia .

279

Luke

233

Luna

98

Lychgate

7i

Lying in state

106

M
Mace . . . 294
Mad-man . . 250
Magi . . . 147
Magician . . 230
Magna-Charta . 1 18
Mallet . . . 31
Manna . . . 155
Manners ... 68
Map ... 44
Marble ... 73
Margaret of Anjou . 146
Margaret of Scotland 35
Margaret (Saint) . 287
Market-place . . 283
Marriage 79, 109, 192, 247,
258
Mars . . . 293
Mary, B. V. 43, 203, 204, 257,
274, 286, 288, 291
Mass 35, 107, 108, 140, 281
Matchlock . . 294
Mathematical instruments "54
Medallions . . 66, 29g
Medicine ... 42
Mermen . . . 103
Michael (Saint) 135, 247

Mirror

84

133

Passion scenes

2"fl

Mitre . . 31,

113

116

Passover . . . 9g

Model

238

270

Pastoral staff . . 112

Monastic ceremonies

107

Paul (Saint) . 246, 271

Money

251

Peacock-feathered wings 41

Monk 46, g8, 107,

21S

277

Penance . . . 108

Monstrance

112

Penitents. . . 10S

Moon

298

Pentecost . . 148

Moonlight

198
Pestle ... . 229
Morning star .
294
Peter (Saint) . 34, 183, 271
Morse
117
Pharaoh 79, 103, 155, 230
Morris dance .
275
Pigs. . . . 26<;
Moths
75
Pike
294
Murano .
53
Pillar
271
Muscle
24S
Pipe
233
Musicians
42
Pipes for oil
280
Musical instruments
42, 9 ',
Pix .
112
Musket .
294
Philistines
47, 261
Mutilation
283
PhilosopherPhilosophyPlanet .
191 42
291
N
PlansPlates .
47
2go
Nathan .
.
95
Plato
267
Nazareth
42
Ploughing
265
Nests . 61, 104,
243
27S
Poison
91
Nets
256
Polyxena .
255
Niche
73.
in
Pompey .
103
Nimbus jewelled
244
Pond
103
Noah
47
Pope . g5, g6, I3g, 245
Nobles .
296
Porch . . . 71
Northallerton, battlf
:of
276
Portraits 32, 35, 36, 53, 5S,
Notarial mark .
279
59.62,75,78,80,81,
Notary
263
104, 117, 118, 200,
Nuns . 107,
22S.,
277
202, 204, 206, 208,
241, 243, 248, 24g,
256, 259, 267. 271,
O
276, 278, 293, 300
Pot .... 290
Oath
90
Pot of Basil . . 2gi
Occleve .
119
Preaching 51, 107, 245, 246,
Offa
IOI
247, 273
Offenburen, abbot 0
f
58
Precious stones . 285
Oil jars .
280
Priest . 50, 214, 221, 260
Onocentaur .
79
Prison . . 245, 258
Operations
75.
278
Prisoner ... 76
Ordination
109
Processions . . 36, 107
Organ
79.
223
Proclamation . . 289
Ornament
63-67
Protasius (Saint) . 136
Ox . . .
96,
121
Psaltery . . . 233
Pulley . ... 89
Pulpit . . 46, no, 248
P
Punishment . . 283
Purgatory 242, 274, 289
Paddle .
269
Pythias . . . 91
Pail ....
290
Painting ..
5°
Palisade .
50
Q
Pajl ....
112
Pallium
•13.
117
Queen . 89, 193, 249, 296
Panpipe .
233
Paradise . 32, 33
42.
274
Paris, (Matthew) .
IOI
R
Parrots .
66
PartyPaschal candle
256, 258
Rack ... 284
107
Rafts
68
RA

309

VI

Raguel .

283

Shield .

41, 294

Temple 57, 95, 71, 237, 262,

Rainbow .

257

Shemei .

95

273, 2gg

Ram

32

Shoes

117

Tent . . . 251

Raven

11S

Shop

247

Tent-bed . . . 130

Reaping .

265

Shrine

71, in

Theban tiger . . 282

Rebus

147

Sideboard

133

Theodosius . . 36

Red Sea . . 230, 246

biege

249, 2S8

Thisbe . . . 255

Reliquary

112

Simon Magus .

243. 245

Thomas (Saint) . 217

Remus

297

Sinai (Mount) .

230

Threshing . . 265

Reredos .

in

Sins ...

267

Throne 35, 193, 234, 251, 255

Reservoir

296

Skating .

265

Thurible . . . 113

Revelation of Saint John 45

Skeleton .

95

Tiara . . 117, 137

Rhinoceros

289

Sleepers .

267

Tile .... 73

Richard II.

155

Sleighing

265

Tippet . . . 117

Ring

•7. 155

Sling . 103, 268,

272, 294

Toilet-table . . 133

Ring dove

101

Snake . . 79

So, 118

Tomb 35, 79, 85, 139, 260

River

98. 25S

Snail

284

Tool . . .78, 275

Roll

256, 264

Snow

199

Tongue cut out - . 284

Romulus .

297

Sofa

133

Torture . . 75, 81, 299

Room

61

Soldier .

77

Tournament 195, 255, 275

Rope

251

Solomon .

26S

Tower 74, 124, 251, 296

Rose

79

Soul 40, 98, 217,

226, 257

Town . . .71, 74

Rous (John) .

57

Spade

33

Trap . . 57, 61, 201

Ruins

74

Spear

62, 294

Trap-door . . 130

Speculum humanac

: salva-

Trappings . . 151

tionis .
59. 60
Treasure ... 53
S
Spiked tub
284
Tree . 33, 56, 6i, 278
Stag . . 45
80, 275
Tree of Battles . 56
Sacrament
107, 271
Stained glass .
82
Triangle . . . 233
Sacrifice .
. 76, 262
Stalls
m
Trinity . . 41, 137, 217
Sacring-bell
112
Standards
¦ 4'. 258
Triptrych . . in
Saddle
'51
Stars
250
Trojan horse . . 151
Saints
174. 251
Statue
45
Trumpet . . . 233
Samaritan, good
241
Stigmata .
127
Trumpeter . ; . 95
Samson .
96
Stilts
274
Tundale's purgatory 254
Samuel .
194
Stocks
. 97, 228
Tunicle . . . 117
Satan . 98, 138,
20g, 226
Stole
117, 250
Turret-guns . . 77
Saul . . 94,
262, 297
Stoning .
276, 284
Twins . . . 201
Scenery .
Sceptre .
ig6
Stool
• 89, 133
Tydeus . . . 249
95
Suckling .
278
Types of Old Testament 59,
Scholars .
78
Suicide .
267
162, 217, 222
School . . 45
, 46, 247
Sunset
. 198
Scimetar .
2g4
Surcoat .
32
Scipio
77
Surg-ery .
• 79. 237
U
Scissors .
112
Surgical instrument
s 154
ScourgingScreen . ."
Scroll .
Scutum Dei triangu
Scythes on axles
Seals
243, 284 in
41, 264
lum 2882g3
Surplice .
Susanna .
Sword ¦ .
Swan
Sylvester (Saint)
H3. "7 91
294232 84
Unclean spirits . 292
Unicorn ... 57
Uriah . . . 95
Utrecht Psalter . 251
137, 281
Symbols of Evange
ists 40,
Seat
133
257 .,
Sea views
19S
Synod or Council
235. 258
V
Seculars .
77
Seneschal
292
Valerian ... 79
Seraphim . 37
, 39. 287
Venice, Doge of 77, 140, 291
Serpent, brazen
Serpents .
Shearing .
230 ig6
265, 26S
T
Tabernacle
in
Venus . . 100, 293
Vestibule . . 73
Vestments 61, 62, 214, 217,
Shears
263, 296
Table
133
273
Sheba, queen of
273
Tales 45, 100, 155,
201, 227,
Vices . . 285, 292
Shechem .
g8
228
Vine . 66, 67, 236, 265
Shed
¦ 73. 7S
Tapestry .
133
Violin . . . 233
Sheet
230, 265
Tau-cross
96
Virgins, ten . . 241
ShepherdShewbread
275
Teaching
273
Virtues . . 268, 285
94
Tempera .
239
Vision 32, 43, 46, 51, 58, 299
WA

3IO

ZI

vv
Wafer .

250

Walk

259

Walls .

74

Wardrobe

133

Warren .

256

Washing feet

193. 222

Washstand .

133

Watermill

226

Watervessel

290

Wedding-ring
Weight .
Wheat .
Wheel .
Whistle .
Wild man
Willow .
Windlass Windmill
Witch .
Wolf

259 53
241 40
231
195. 263
249296228262
250, 275

Workmen

49

Worshipper 40, go,

215, 216,

219

Wreck .

270

Wrestlers

103

Writing .

273

Writing table .

133

Wyvern .

62, 293

Zithern

• 95. 234

ERRATA.

Page io, dele line 10.
„ 14, for Our Lady, read St. Margaret.
„ 47, col. 2, line 9, dele Ark (of God).
„ 49, col. 2, line 30, dele Armourers at work.
„ 62, col. 1, line 31, for Ecclesiastical Personages, read Eccle
siastical Vestments : — Mitres.
„ 153, line 2, for Kelly, read Kells.
„ 161, line 38, dele only.
„ 200, col. 2, line 20, for Lewellynn, read Llewelyn.
„ 212, line 17, for a portrait, read portraits.
„ 224, col. 2, line 22, for patten, read paten.
„ 227, transfer Mohammed preaching, etc., to page 205, under
Mahomet.
„ 228, col. 2, transfer sub-headings Capuchin, Carmelite, and Domini
can lo page 128, under heading of Friars.
„ 237, col. 1, line 15, delei Minoress.

YALE UNIVERSITY

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