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ATLANTA IN 1845.— CHUBCS AND SCHOOL-HOUSE.

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ATLANTA IN 1881.— FIRST METHODIST CHURCH— .SA.ME SPOT.

ATLANTA IN 1864.— AS SHERMAN LEFT IT.

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N.

DECATUR STEEET.

ATLANTA
ILLUSTRATED,

CONTAINING GLANCES AT ITS POPULATION, BUSINESS,
MANUFACTURES, INDUSTRIES, INSTITUTIONS,
SOCIETY, healthfulness;, ARCHI
TECTURE, AND ADVANTAGES
GENERALLY, WITH

150 ILLUSrP.A^JlONS-

LITHOGRAPHIC MAP OF THE CITY.

TJIIRr> DBI>ITIO]V.
COPYRIGHTED.

BY E. Y. CLARKE.

ATLANTA, GEORGIA:
Ja?. p. Harrison & Co., Publishers and Printers,
1881.

DEDICATION.

To the Women of Atlanta, ever foremost in the Charities and
Amenities, great and small, projected for the uplifting of Hu
manity, as abundantly evidenced by their labors in behalf of the
Young Men's Library, by the establishment of a Benevolent Home,
and by the Monumental Column of Granite kissing the skies from
Oakland Cemetery, memorial alike of the Patriotism of man and
ihe Devotion of ¦woman ; and to the Men of brain and ¦muscle,
whose energy, enterprise and public spirit have constructed the
Railroads, erected the Massive Walls, and sent up the Church
Spires of the Giant Young Metropolis of the South, and whose
hearty appreciation and liberal support of all efforts tending to
the public good have been unremitting, this Work is ¦most respect
fully dedicated.

NOTE TO THIRD EDITION.

About four years ago appeared the first edition of this work
The present one is considerably enlarged, having more pages, with
more matter upon each page, and with nearly double the number of
illustrations. As to the historic part, some of the oldest citizens
assert that they can discover in it no material- inaccuracy-
The author has the pleasure of knowing that leading articles
about Atlanta, such as recently in the Louisville Courier-Journal,
obtain their facts from this book, and he has furnished numerous
correspondents with copies in order to benefit Atlanta by
these publications abroad. He hopes that the present edition will
impart a still broader idea of the growth, magnitude, advantages^
and future of Atlanta to thousands of strangers into whose hands
it will pass.
October, i8Si.

CONTENTS.

Ln TRO DUCTION. CHAPTER I.
Overland Transportation— The Seaboard and the Great West— A State Convention-
Action of the Legislature— Construccion of the State Railroad— From the Tennes
see to the Chattaaoochee— The Site Selected— Reason of the Location— The First
House — Page 17. CHAPTER IL
Terminus— A Wilderness—A Few More Residents — First Store — First Mercantile
Firm— A Half Dozen Families— Building and Progress of the State Road— Con-
^ struction to Marietta— The First Engine— First Two-story Frame House— A Dis
couraged Citizen— The First Real Estate Sale — Page 19.
-^^ CHAPTER III.
Marthasville — Another Epoch — The Village incorporated— The First School House
and Church — The Fir=t Newspaper — The First Editor a Parson — Completion of the
Georgia Railroad — An Accidental Death — Population in 1845 — Names of Inhabi
tants—The First Saw Mill — Number of Stores — Washington Hall — Page 22.
CHAPTER IV.
Continued Progress — Completion of Macon & \\'estern Railroad — Locating the Com
ing City — "Cousin John Thrasher's" Disappointment — First Mass Meeting — More
Newspapers — A City Charter Obtained — Population — Methodist Quarterly Meet
ing — Baptist Church — First Block of Brick Stores— Cause of Irregularity in Street
System — John C. Calhoun's Prophecy — Page 26.
CHAPTER V.
Atlanta— Origin of the Name — First City Election — Number of Votes Polled — First
Mayor and Councilmen — Old Wesley Chapel — First Lodge of Odd Fellows— The
First Fire Company, Atlanta No. i — Flouring Mills and Foundries — The First
Daily Paper — Completion of the State Railroad — Atlanta & West Point Railway —
Page 28. CHAPTER VI.
An Era of Crime — Population — Classes and Character — Slab To'wn and Snake Nation
— First Calaboose — A Small Civil Wai— Law-breakers Defeated — Destruction of
Snake Nation— Page 31. CHAPTER VII.
Accident and Incident — The First Homicide — The First Fire^Removal of the Cem
etery—The First Bank — The First Lawyer — Old Trinity — Bishop Andrew — Second
Baptist Church— The Original Nineteen Members— Page 34.

CONTENTS.

CHATER VIII.
Continued Growth — Population in 1854 — Rate of Annual Increase — Sales of Goods —
First Commercial Crisis — Census of i860— Building of the City HaU — General Im
provements and Progress — Atlanta Medical College — Bank of Fulton Established—
The Air-Line Road Agitated — Young Men's Christian Association — Hibernian
Benevolent Society — Our First Military Company — First Atlanta Directory — Bus
iness in 1859 — Page 36. CHAPTER IX.
The War Period ; Progress Checked; Reaction; Manufacture of War Munitions;
Martial Law ; Hospitals ; Bombardment of the City ; Terrific Scenes ; Battle of
Peachtree Creek ; Battle of Atlanta ; Death of McPherson ; Occupation by Fed
eral Army ; Expulsion of Inhabitants ; Destruction of City ; Page 41.
CH ^.P ERX.
Return of the People; Rebuilding of City; New Life; Four Hundred Buildings
erected in one year ; New Enterprises and new Business ; A Flush Period ; Com
pletion of the Air-Line Road ; Growth of the Wholesale Business ; Starting of the
Cotton Trade ; Page 50. CHAPTER XI.
Birth and Growth of Associations; Young Men's Library Association ; Hibernian So
ciety ; Concordia; Ladies' Memorial Association; Page 56.
CH,\PTER XII.
Educational Progress ; Public School System Recomraended ; Convent School for
girls ; University for Colored People ; Page 60.
CHAPTER XIII.
A Financial Crisis; Population in 1873; The Panic; Its Results'; Run Upon the
Banks ; Damage to Business ; Page 63.
CHAPTER XIV.
Municipal Reform ; A Coramittee of Forty-nine ; The New Charter ; Its Provisions;
Page 68. CHAP PER XV.
Movements of Business ; Marvelous Progress ; Unsightly Spots filling up ; Wholesale
Groceries ; Page 69. CHAPTER XVI.
General Progress of the Last Decade ; Establishment of Waterworks ; Their Exten
sive Use ; Page 70.

PART SECOND.
Atlanta As It Is ; Railroads ; Hotels ; Public Works, Buildings and Grounds ;
Churches; Colleges; Manufactures; Capital of the State; Municipal Govern
ment ; Population ; Society ; Healthfulness; Advantages ; Streets ; Leading Bus
iness Houses ; Architecture ; Residences ; Surroundings ; Directory of Informa-
.tion.

— ^f-^ LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS.^-^f-

Frontispiece.
Engineer's Offlce.
The First Church.
No. I. Fire Company's Building.
The Terraces— Residence of E. E. Raw-
son.
Federal Camp in the Park.
Ruins.
James R. Wylie's Store.
Kimball House.
Residence of B. F. Wyly.
Republic Block.
Clarke & Co.'s Hardware Building.
Residence of W. B. Cox.
Residence of Julius L. Brown.
Residence of James R. Wylie.
Er Lawshe's.
Southem Express Offlce.
Markham House.
Hebrew Synagogue.
Confederate Monument in Oakland Cem
etery
Residence of F. M. Coker.
Residence of A. C. Wyly.
National Surgical Institute.
Trinity Church.
Franklin Printing House.
Marietta Street.
Surburban Residence of Wm. McNaught.
Atlanta Rolling Mill.
Terra Cotta Works.
Box Factor>'.
Sugar Creek Paper Mills.
Residence and Store of Joseph Smith.
McBride's Crockery Store.
Hunnicutt & Bellingraths' Building.
Atlanta Nurseries.
Wilson & Bros.' Coal Yard.
Merchants' Bank.

Georgia Railroad Depot.
Western & Atlantic Railroad Depot.
State Capitol.
Residence of Judge George Hillyer.
First Baptist Church.
Governor's Mansion.
Whitehall Street.
Van Winkle's Foundry.
M. C. & J. F. Riser & Co.'s
A. C. & B. F. Wyly's.
Ponce de Leon Springs.
Residence of S. M. Inman.
Residence of J. C. Peck.
Residence of H. A. Fuller.
City Hall.
Residence of Wm Laird.
County Jail.
The Old Atlanta Hotel.
Stone Mountain.
General Passenger Depot.
Fast Mail by Night.
Interior KimbaU House.
President Hayes in Atlanta.
Exposition Grounds — two views.
,First Presbyterian Church.
Seond Baptist Church.
Methodist Protestant Churcn.
First Methodist Church.
Other Churches.
Southern Medical College.
Eclectic Medical CoUege.
Reform Medical College.
Custom House.
Atlanta Health Institute.
Fulton County Court House.
Cotton Factory.
Whitehall Street.
W. M. Scott's.
Stocker &. Castleberry's — two views.

14

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

J. P. Stevens & Go's. — three views.
F.G.Hancock's — three views.
The Inman Building.
Mitchell Wagon Company.
F. W. Hart's.
Fuller & Oglesby — two views.
Dunn, Alexander & Co's.
National Hotel.
Wilson House.
Boaz's Stables.
MarkW. Johnson's.
P. H. Snook's.
Bird's Eye View.
Peachtree Street.

Walter Tayl6r's.
Avery & Son's.
McBride & Co. — two views.
Traynham & Ray's,
Reception of Military.
The Library.
West End Spring.
McPherson Monument,
Residence of G. W. Leonard.
Hirsch Bro's.
Oglethorpe Park Entrance.
Exposition Hotel.
Other Exposition Buildings.
Atlanta — Bird's Eye View,

INTRODUCTION.

Atlanta is now a city of nearly 50,000 souls. In 1835 the spot on
which it stands was forest and swamp, with a few country roads
running through it. Its history is indeed a remarkable one, but
not only in the particular of rapid growth. It has an experience
of battle and flame and heroic story exceeding in some respects
that of any city in the South. There is a dim tradition of a fierce
and bloody combat upon the site, between two tribes of Indians who
originally possessed the land. But there is no evidence of any such
conflict, and unfortunately Atlanta's history needs no dependence
upon savage legends for romantic elements, as the internecine strife
of 1861-64 was terribly sufficient for that purpose. The city was
completely destroyed, but rose from its ashes grander than ever, and
has grown like towns grow in the West. The history of such
a City it is interesting to trace, and the following pages will be de
voted to this task, beginning with the first log cabin.

PART I.

CHAPTER I.

SELECTION OF A SITE.
In 1825 the Creek and Cherokee Indians ceded the lands inter
vening between them to the State of Georgia, and their acquisition
increased the restlessness of the people for some mode of trans
portation between the State and the expanding West. About this
time, too, the steam engine was applied to railroad transit, and in
1826 a train of cars, in the Old World, was first drawn by one.
When this idea of overland transportation crossed the Atlantic,
people began to think of railroads as the best means of interior
communication ; hence the Legislature of Georgia granted three
charters in 1833, for the Central, Georgia and Monroe railroads.
This still further stimulated the general desire of the people to es
tablish direct commercial intercourse between the South Atlantic
coast and the West ; and as this could be done by building a great
trunk-line railway northwestward, the people of Georgia determin
ed upon its construction. A State convention met at Macon in
November 1835, and memorialized the Legislature to that end.
This movement, like all progressive ideas, evoked the fiercest op
position, and finally prevailed in the General Assembly by a very
small majoritp. One of that majority is the present venerable Sec
retary of State, N. C. Barnett.

1 8 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
On the 2ist of December, 1835, the act was approved by Gov
ernor Schley authorizing the "construction of a railroad from the
Tennessee line, near the Tennessee river, to the southwestern bank
of the Chattahoochee river, at a point most eligible for the running
of branch roads thence to Athens, Madison, Milledgeville, Forsyth,
and Columbus." In 1837 Stephen H. Long was appointed engin
eer-in-chief, and the eastern terminus was established, not at the
Chattahoochee, but seven miles east of it (for the reasons hereto
fore given), and near the point of the present General Passenger
Depot. The quotation shows that the act itself required this loca
tion ; and the site of Atlanta was therefore the result, neither of
accidental circumstance nor of arbitrary choice, but of natural con
formation, as the most "eligible"' point for the purposes recited in
the act. Here intersected three great mountain ridges, upon which
were soon afterwards constructed the Georgia, Macon & Western,
and Atlanta & West Point railroads.

ILLUSTRA TED A TLANTA. 19

CHAPTER II.

TERMINUS— .1836— 42.
The site chosen, as mentioned in the foregoing chapter, was
known for a number of years as " Terminus." The first house built
near it, or within village distance of it, was a log shanty, erected
by Mr. Hardy Ivy in the year 1836. To John Thrasher belongs
the honor of erecting the second house, in 1839, in which year
"Cousin John," as he is familiarly known, was the only inhabitant
save an old woman and her daughter. There were a few people
in the neighborhood, generally very poor; women wearing no
shoes, and the houses having dirt floors. The country was wild —
traversed only by Creek and Cherokee Indians in roving or hunt
ing excursions, and straggling white adventurers.
In 1841, 1S42 and 1843, a few persons moved upon the ground
and became neighbors of John Thrasher, who had been enterpris
ing enough to organize a store. In the keeping of the store he
associated with him a man by the name of Johnson, the firm name
being Johnson & Thrasher. This was the first business firm, as
well as the first store of the embryo city, and was erected on the
spot where the First Presbyterian church now stands. Cousin John
did not take a hopeful view of the future of Terminus, for in
1842, three years later, he sold out and moved to Griffin. At this
time very little progress had been made in population, there being
not more than a half dozen dwellings, or about three or four fami
lies at the close of the year. Among these was Mr. Willis Car
lisle, who came in June 1842, and established a store near the
location of the First Presbyterian Church on Marietta street. His
daughter, who might be termed the "pioneer babe" of our great
city, is still a resident, having married the well-known iron founder,
Mr. W. S. Withers.
But in another direction there had been decided progress. The
construction of the Western & Atlantic Railroad had been prose-

20

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

cuted slowly, but steadily, the turbid stream of the Chattahoochee
had been spanned and Marietta reached.
This year is distinguished by the arrival of the first engine, called
the Florida, which was brought from Madison, the then terminus
of the Georgia Railroad, in a wagon drawn by sixteen mules. This
was a most enlivening spectacle, and assembled the people from all
the country round about, at least five hundred, it is-said, accom
panying the engine from the village of Decatur and below. This
was the first of the great succession of crowds collecting at or near
the Whitehall street crossing, then to do homage to that wonderful
invention of human genius, the steam engine — since that time to
impatiently await its pleasure in moving out of the way. The
engine was successfully placed upon the track, and with a box car
brought from Milledgeville, made a trip to Marietta December
24th, 1842. The engineer was W. F. Adair, who is now em
ployed at New Holland Springs.
This year is also noted for the first real estate sale at public
auction — Mr. Fred. Arms being the auctioneer. He had sub
divided Mitchell's lot — the same, a part of which made such a
conspicuous figure in later times — but succeeded in selling only
three of the sub-divisions, Mr. Daniel Dougherty buying one, Mr.
Wash Collier another, and Mr. .Arms himself buying a third. Mr.
Wash Collier still owns his
lit, upon ivhich stands the
drug store building at the
junction of Line and Deca
tur streets with Pi-achtree
and Marietta.
In this year, or the suc
ceeding one, the first two-
story framed house was built,
which is still standing, at the
present day, on Peters street,
across from Trinity Church.
engineer's office. It is the property of Mr. E.
W. Holland, of our candy manufacturing firm of Jack & Hol
land. The house was removed to its present location from the
rear of the Republic Block, where it was first erected by the State

ILL US TRA TED A TL A XT A.

Road authorities for the use of the engineers and other officers of
the road. It was afterwards occupied as a boarding house — the
first in our history. The accompanying design of the building, f.s
it now stands, is a fac simile of what it was in 1842, with the ex
ception of the little shed-room, and an extension of the original
porch over the door. Few citizens are aware of its existence, and
it is quite a curiosity under the circumstances, surrounded as it is
by princely mansions and magnificent structures of brick and stone.
In it, as book-keeper for the Western & Atlantic Railroad, Hon. L.
E. Bleckley, ex-Justice of our State Supreme Court, passed the
first three years of his citizenship, and Mr. J. Norcross, one of the
earliest mayors of the city, slept his first night. Though the oldest
house in Atlanta, it is now used to make old things new, as it is oc
cupied by J. E. Kreis and his good wife with their steam dye-works.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

CHAPTER III.

MARTHASVILLE.— 1843-45.
The year 1844, marks a distinctive epoch. The settlement had
grown somewhat, and the people became ambitious for a corporate
name. Application was made to tlje Legislature for a charter,
which was granted on December 23d, incorporating the village un
der the narae of Marthasville, in compliment to the daughter of ex-
Governor Lumpkin, which distinguised gentleman had been con
spicuous in the development of railroad interests in the State. This
may appear to have been quite fast for a community of ten familes
at most ; but it should be regarded rather as the evidence, or first
manifestation, of that spirit of enterprise and go-aheadativeness
which afterwards became so distinctive an element of progress.
In 1844 the chief attraction of Marthasville, next to the State
Railroad, was an old tread saw-mill, run by Mr. J. Norcross, through
the motive power of an old blind horse. This was our first factory.
In 1845 there occurred t'nree very noted events — one was the ap
pearance of The Luminary, our first newspaper, shining forth un
der the editorship of Rev. Joseph Baker. Atlanta editors have
always been preachers ; but, unfortunately for them and the city,
their preaching has been too often at variance with the doctrines
and morality of the first Atlanta editor.
Another of these events was the completion of the entire line of
the Georgia Railroad by its vigorous management — the fir.st train
running through from Augusta to Marthasville September 15th.
1845, arriving about dark. Judge King, the President, was on board,
with many others. In the midst of the excitement and crowd,
Georgia came near losing one of the greatest railroad men which
any State has produced. Judge King, in the darkness, was just
about stepping into an open well, where he would have lost his
life, when he was seized and drawn back. Unhappily, another
man had not such good fortune, and falling into the well was

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

23

drowned ; so the day was marred by the occurrence of the first ac
cidental death on our records.
The third event is the most striking. In previous years we have
had evidence principally of material advancement, but during this
year an enterprise was completed embracing all the elements of
true progress — moral, mental and material. This was the erection.

THE FIRST CHURCH AND SCHOOL HOUSE,

by general subscription, of a small building for church and school
purposes, in the angle made by Peachtree and Houston streets,
diagonally across from the present First Methodist Church. It
was used during the week as a school-house, and on Sunday as a
church. In it the various denominations of Christians worshipped
until their churches were erected ; and here was preached, prob
ably, the first sermon in the village, by Rev. Dr. J. S. Wilson,
afterwards pastor of the First Presbyterian Church.
Atlanta's first Sunday-school was organized in this log-house on
the second Sunday in June, 1847. All denominations united in it,
and it was known as the Atlanta Union Sabbath-school. The
original record-book, containing the constitution, subscriptions, or
ganization, and history of each Sabbath meeting, is in the posses
sion of the present General Passenger Agent of the Atlanta &
Charlotte Air-Line Railway, Mr. W. J. Houston, who received it

24 ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA .
from his father, Mr. Oswald Houston, who, with Mr. Jas. A. Col
lins, shared the first superintendency of the school. From these
records it appears also that Robert M. Clarke was appointed Sec
retary and Treasurer, and R. M. Brown, Librarian. Edwin Payne,
A. F. Luckie and A. E. Johnson were made a committee to solicit
subscriptions. The list of names subscribing various amounts
gives an idea of the people in the neighborhood : Jas. A. Collins,
W. R. Venable, W. T. Bell, W. A. Harp, F. F. Hight, Wm.
Printup, Mary J. Thompson, Jas. M. Ballard, M. A. Thompson,
Wm. Henry Fernerdon, A. L. Houston, A. T. Luckie, W. B.
Chapman, Geo. W. Thomason, A. B. Forsyth, Geo. Tomlinson, J,
C. Linthicum, S. T. Downs, J. R. Wallace, and T. S. Luckie. In
the following year a more extensive subscription to keep up the •
library includes the additional names of D. G. Daniell, J. Norcross,
L. C. Simpson, "Miscellany," J. W. Evans, W. Buell, B. W. Bal
lard, David Thurman, H. Mattheson, H. A. Fraser, Thos. Rusk,
Jas. McPherson, A. W. Walton, J. V. W. Rhodes, Samuel Wells,
Joseph Thompson, S. Goodall, J. T. Burns, G. M. Troup Perry-
man, H. C. Holcombe, Z. A. Rice, Geo. W. Cook, J. Wells, A. W.
Wheat, J. W. Demby, W. L. Wright, H. M. Boyd, Haas & Levi, J. T.
Doane, W. H. Wilson, B. F. Bomar, A. E. Johnson, W. J. Hous
ton, F. Kicklighter, O. Houston, A. L. Houston, J. J. Smith, Wm.
P. Orme, Logan E. Bleckley, A. Wooding, C. H. Yarborough, J.
R. Crawford, R. J. Browne, Lewis Lawshe, W. L. Wingfield, and
M. J. Ivy. On the 1 2th day of December, 1847, there were sev
enty scholars present. Among the names of these scholars, as
among the names of the subscribers given, are recognized many
well-known citizens of to-day.
But the immediate village population in 1845 numbered only
about a dozen families — perhaps one hundred men, women and
children. Among these was Stephen Terry, dealer in real estate ;
James Collins, a merchant, and father of the present Clerk of the
Superior Court ; both of these gentlemen living in good houses for
those days ; Dr. George G. Smith, A. B. Forsyth, who kept a gro
cery ; Joseph Thomason, William Crawford and Harrison Bryant,
workmen ; Jonathan Norcross, merchant, who boarded at the two-
story frame-house heretofore mentioned, kept by a Mrs. Oslin ; and
John Thrasher, who, having recuperated his courage, had returned

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 25
to the village the preceding year. William Kile and the Ivy family
lived about three quarters of a mile distant.
There were two general stores, one kept by Collins & Loyd, and
the other by A. B. Forsyth, for whom E. A. Werner clerked ; Kile
had a small grocery, and Dunn had a bonnet and hat store. Among
the improvements was a storehouse, erected by Mr. Norcross, upon
the southwest corner of Marietta and Peachtree road, known since
as the "Norcross corner." S. B. Hoyt was his clerk. The store
of Collins & Loyd was built near the east end of the Passenger
Depot by Loyd,who also resided in it; the house afterwards becom
ing a hotel, under the name of Washington Hall.

26 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

CHAPTER IV.

CONTINUED PROGRESS.— 1846.
The year 1846 ushered in the third great railroad event in the
career of Marthasville. This was the arrival of a train from Macon.
on the Macon & Western Railroad, which had just been completed.
It was intended at first to build the depot of this road near the
present round-house of the Western & Atlantic Railroad, and hence
the embankment by the Mineral Spring, known as the "Monroe
Road," that being the name of the Macon & Western before it
changed hands. This intention of the management occasioned
great excitement in the village. Those who had settled near the
present passenger depot became alarmed, for fear that the junction
of the two roads would become the business center of the future
town. Hence they determined to induce the President of the Ma
con Road to abandon the original purpose, and make the junction
and depot near the terminus of the State Road, or present General
Passenger Depot. To do this, Mitchell offered ground for the
depot, and it was accepted. This was a turning point in the affairs
of Marthasville, and fixed the location of the coming city ; but it
proved an over-turning- point for some of its people, among whom
was "Cousin John Thrasher," who had bought one hundred acres
in the vicinity of the first proposed depot of the Macon Road, but
sold out in disgust, and at half cost, upon learning the "change of
base." The property, which he thus disposed at four dollars per
acre, he lives to see worth at least half a million.
The completion of the Macon & Western Road was the occa
sion of the first mass-meeting of which we have any record, and
among the speakers were Daniel Floyd and Mark A. Cooper.
Three more newspapers made their appearance : The Democrat,
by Dr. W. H. Fernerdon; The Enterprise, by Royal & Yarborough;
and The Southern Miscellany, by C. R. Hanleiter. They were all
short-lived.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

It is not surprising that the villagers, buoyed up under the influ
ence of recent events, began to feel too large for a village incorpo-
ation, and about this time an effort was made to obtain a charter
for a city. The effort failed, however, through the opposition of
less ambitious citizens, who employed a lawyer to break it down.
But in the following year, 1847, the attenvpt was successful, and
the charter was obtained. In the meantime there was considerable
progress,-and the population probably reached, or exceeded, three
hundred, according to the estimate of the late H. C. Holcombe, and
others, with whom the author has conversed, A Methodist quar
terly meeting was held under a cotton-shed, there being no build
ing large enough for it. The Baptists began the building of a
church edifice. I. O. & P. C. McDaniel built the first block of brick
stores, the only other brick buildings being the Atlanta Hotel erec
ted by the Georgia Railroad the previous year, and the railroad de
pots. Atlanta Lodge No. 59 of Masons organized April 13th;
Mount Zion Chapter No. 16 was chartered May 3d. There were
other evidences of coming municipal greatness, among which might
be mentioned the appearance of the razor-strap man, who could be
seen daily crying his wares from the top of a stump, near the pres
ent corner of Whitehall and Alabama streets. Despite all these
prosperous indications, there were few who had any faith in the fu
ture of the town. Colonel Long, the chief engineer of the Georgia
Railroad, thought Atlanta would never be more than a wood sta
tion, and made all his investments in Marietta. He expressed the
opinion, according to Judge J. A. Hayden, that Atlanta, after the
completion of the various railroads, would consist of a cross-roads
store and a blacksmith shop. Partly to this want of confidence, and
of the failure to secure the proposed charter providing for commis
sioners to lay out streets, is due the irregularity of our street system ;
everybody building where he pleased, without reference to any plan.'
But there were a few men who did believe in a prosperous future.
Among them was L. P. Grant, then attached to the engineer corps
of the Georgia Railroad. About this time, also, the great John C.
Calhoun, in'passing through the town, prophesied that it would be
come the largest interior city of the South. A few years later, this
same far-seeing statesman urged upon Joseph E. Brown, then stop
ping in Washington,, on his way home from college, the propriety
of making the embryo city his home ; but the young man's judg
ment was not then so good as afterward.

23 ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA.

CHAPTER V.

ATLANTA.— 1847-49.
In 1846 J. Edgar Thompson, chief engineer of the Georgia Rail
road, in a letter to Mr. Richard Peters, also an engineer of the road,
suggested Atlanta, as a better name for the terminus of the Wes
tern & Atlantic Railroad, deriving it from the word Atlantic, using
the expression, "masculine, Atlantic — feminine, Atlanta." The de
pot was thus called until December 29th, 1847, when the Legisla
ture passed an act incorporating the "City of Atlanta ;" but the
village had virtually adopted the name before, as evidenced by the
fact that the Sunday-school started in June, 1847, was called the
"Atlanta Union Sunday-school." The charter was drawn by J.
Norcross, John Collier, and J. Vaughn.
The first city election occurred Saturday January 29th, 1848, for
Mayor and six Councilman, and was held at "Kile's corner." It initia-
ated the series of municipal excitements which have occurred annu
ally from that day until the adoption of the last charter. The first
election brought out every voter, and the total poll was two hun
dred and fifteen, resulting in making Moses W. Formwalt the first
Mayor of Atlanta, and the following six gentlemen Councilmen :
Jonas S. Smith, Benj. F. Bomar, Robert W Ballard. Jas. A. Col
lins, Anderson W. Walton, and Leonard C. Simpson. Atlanta's
first City Council met on Wednesday morning, February 2d, 1S48.
Fresh impetus was imparted to every material interest, and new Hfe
was infused into the body politic, manifesting itself in every direc
tion. Churches were organized, and houses of worship ascended.
Societies vi'ere formed, new enterprises were inaugurated, and new
businesses established. Better still, excellent people moved in.
As this march of progress continued at an accelerating rate for
several years, it will not be amiss to enter somewhat into details.
In three years, five churches were organized and church edifices
built. The Methodists had a hull of a church in which they were

ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA. 29
holding services. Old Wesley Chapel was finished in a few years
afterward. The Methodists were the first to hold services in their
own building, but the Firt Baptist Church was the first finished- -
in 1848 — under the pastorate of S. G. Daniel, and stood where the
new one now stands. In this church the second anniversary of
the Union Sabbath-school was held on the loth day of June, 1849,
Rev. Dr. J. S. Wilson preaching the sermon. The First Presbyte- ,
rian Church was organized by Rev. Dr. J. S. Wilson, in the old
church school-house, in 1848, with nineteen members. Judge Cone,
Major Terry, Richard Peters, and Julius Hayden were made a
building committee, and upon a lot on Marietta street, presented by
the first named gentleman, a church was erected, and dedicated
July 4th, 1852. The First Episcopal Church — St. Phillips — was
consecrated in 1848, by Bishop Elliott. The first rector was John
J. Hunt, now of Marietta, through whose efforts, chiefly, the church
was organized and the house built. The Catholics held their first
public services in 1848, in the school-house. Rev. Mr. Quinn offi
ciating. They at once began the erection of a building, which was
completed in 1848.
Organizations for various purposes were formed. The first
lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows; — Central Lodge
No. 28 — was organized October "th, 1848. The first fire company
— Atlanta No. i — was organized March 24th, 1851. The compa
ny's first building was erected in 1855. The Knights of Jericho
organized their first lodge Nov. 6th, 1S52. Among the new enter
prises started were a large flouring mill by Richard Peters, and an
extensive foundry and machine shop by Winship in 1851.
The first job ofiice was started by C. R. Hanleiter. All the
newspaper enterprises having failed, in 1849 a number of gentle
men concluded that so promising a town ought to have at least one
journal. Z. A. Rice, J. Norcross, J. O. McDaniel, B. F. Bomar,
and perhaps others, bought a press and started the Intelligencer,
.out of which in time grew the Daily Intelligencer. The first
daily was started in 1853 by Kay & Ramsey and was called the
Daily Examiner. It was a five-column folio. It was printed at
first on a hand press, but afterward a power press was bought for
it in Knoxville. Mr. A. P. Prince, now living in Atlanta, was the
first foreman and printed the first number.

30 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
Among the citizens gained about this time, were Er Lawshe
in 1848, John Silvey in 1849, and G. J. Foreacre, then a conductor
on the Macon and Western Road, in 1850.
Improvements in realty were numerous. The Georgia Railroad
round-house was completed in 1850, and Messrs. Austin, Wright,
Dunning, and other citizens put up handsome residences.
One of the grand events contributing to this era of prosperity,
was the completion of the State Railroad, December ist, 1849.
Three years afterward, the Atlanta and West Point Railroad into
Alabama was finished, being chiefly constructed by the Georgia Rail
road Company ; Mr. John P. King becoming president, and Mr. W.
P. Orme becoming secretary, treasurer, and auditor. Thus was
added another arm of strength to the rising young city. It is true
that the building of the last mentioned road alarmed some, upon
the idea that it would enable cotton to pass through to Augusta
that was now wagoned to Atlanta. It did so operate for a few
years, but in all other particulars it proved only another feeder to
the young giant which was fast developing a muscular power
destined to thrust aside all its rivals, and pass them in the race for
commercial prosperity and metropolitan dimensions. In fact, with
the completion of these roads, Atlanta needed but one other ele
ment of success to assure a triumphant career, and that was the
element of pluck, energy, and enterprise in its inhabitants. To
what enormous extent they possessed this element of success, will
readily appear in the course of their history. Their railway sys
tem, though not complete, was sufficiently so to secure superiority,
and to justify the prediction of John C. Calhoun and the bright
visions of its most sanguine citizens. Farther on, in the progress
of this work, the railroad system and history of Atlanta will be set
forth more in detail.

ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA. 3 1

CHAPTER VI.

AN ERA OF CRlAtE.
Taking as a basis the vote cast in the first municipal election,
and considering that in all newly-settled countries the proportion
of women and children is always small, the population of Atlanta
in January, 1848, at the beginning of its municipal career, may be
safely estimated at about five hundred. This population was
largely composed of workmen, employed by the various railroad
companies, and adventurers, who are always to be found in new
settlements. If to these be added a liberal sprinkling of desperate
characters, ever hunting opportunities to better their fortunes by
playing upon the ignorance and passions of men, it will readily ap
pear that, among our first people, there was a strong element of
rowdyism and lawlessness. Among men, many of whom were
without the re.'-training influence of family ties, and destitute of the
civilizing refinements of a settled society and social system, it was
natural that crime should riot, and humanity should develop its
lowest and most loathsome traits. This class in Atlanta fiercely
opposed the imposition of municipal restraints, and the chartering
of the city was simply a declaration of war between them and the
lovers of law and order. On Decatur street, between the Collier
or drug-store corner and the present Pryor street, was a lot ot
huts known as " Murrell's Row," in the back-yards of which gamb
ling and cock-fighting were constantly engaged in. There had
been gradually built up two suburban villages of huts on the west
ern and eastern borders of the city, known by the euphonious
names of Slab Town and Snake Nation. In these villages pre
vailed almost every species of idle, vicious, and criminal amuse
ment. The denizens of these villages, being in a majority, had suc
cessfully resisted every effort to subject them to the restraints of
the law and its penalties, and they lorded it with a high hand over
the better citizens. This was one of the inspirations of the new

32 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

charter, as well as the ambition for larger things. The charter
was not obtained too soon. It needed all the machinery of munic
ipal government, and all the power of municipal authority, to
maintain the public peace and protect the lives and property of
the citizens: Good laws were enacted by the city council, munici
pal courts were instituted, and a city prison, called a calaboose,
was built. It may not be uninteresting to describe, in passing, this
first abode of Atlanta's evil-doe's. It was made of hewn timber,
three logs thick, being about twelve feet square on the outside, or
some eight feet square on the interior. A novel jail delivery oc
curred very soon, in this fashion : a number of able-bodied friends
of imprisoned offenders lifted the structure bodily, allowing the
inmates to crawl " from under." As may be imagined, this was
not a very formidable affair ; still it served the ordinary purposes of
confinement. The municipal laws, courts, and prisons were speedily in opera
tion. The lawless characters resisted and defied, in all possible
ways, the restraints of law and decent society. The struggle be
tween the good and evil elements continued, with varying success :
the force of municipal law was sometimes weakened by the elec
tion, through sheer numerical advantage, of men representative of,
or friendly to, the evil-doers. Municipal authority was evaded dur
ing the day by countless subterfuges, sometimes by boldfaced
violence ; and at night the streets of the city frequently resounded
with wild shoutings and the reports of fire-arms. In 1851 Jonathan
Norcross, the candidate of the merchants and better class of peo
ple, was elected Mayor, with an excellent board of Councilmen,
among whom was Julius A. Hayden. This further incensed the
law-breakers, and broUght matters to a culmination. Open violence
was resorted to, and the authority of the municipal court forcibly
defied. Growing bolder in their desperation, tl.ey planted a cannon
by night in front of the Mayor's store, and gave him written notice
to resign his office or quit the city. The crisis had arrived, and
with it the time for summary action. The Mayor and Council
issued an address to the citizens, and they assembled at a given
hour, thoroughly armed. The law-breakers had gathered in force,
but their courage failed them, and all, who had not dispersed in

ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA. 33
time, surrendered without resistance. They were at once cala-
boosed, and on the following day were tried and sentenced.
This decisive action established the supremacy of the municipal
authority and of the law-abiding class of citizens. Still, lawless
ness and indecency were only limited within their own precincts and
"Snake Nation" in particular. Its scenes of shame and carousal
became finally unbearable. A body .of disguised citizens assaulted
it by night, and driving out the inmates, visited, by axe and torch,
so complete a destruction upon the village of filthy huts, that "Snake
Nation" was never rebuilt.
Er Lawshe was one of the assaulting party, being always ready
to respond to the call of the authorities for such needful work. He
has a graphic recollection of the assault. From that day, though
there were occasional ascendencies of the worst classes, mainly
through unfortunate divisions among the better people, law and
order reigned triumphant.

34 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

CHAPTER VII

ACCIDENT And incident.
It is interesting to note some of the accidents and incidents of
this period.
The first homicide of the city occurred in 1848. A man by the
name of McWiUiams was stabbed and killed by Bill Terrell, who
ran away and escaped. The second, of which we have any record,
was the murder of Wilburne by Bird, who was found guilty, but
was pardoned by the Legislature.
In 1850 occurred the first fire. The building burned was located
near about the present place of John Stephens, on Alabama
Street. Several bales of cotton were also burned at the same time,
in a ware-house in another part of the city. As the money-drawer
of the Georgia Railroad depot was broken open on the same night
and robbed, it was generally believed that these fires were incendi
ary, with the object of creating favorable opportunities for theft.
The cemetery, then lying along Peachtree street, near the pres
ent residence of N, J. Hammond, was removed in 1850 to its
present location.
The city had enjoyed, for several years, railroad banking agen
cies ; but the first regular bank of the city was organized by Mr.
George Smith, of Chicago, with a capital of $300,000, under the
management of Mr. J. R. 'Valentine.
The first lawyer was L. C. Simpson ; John T. Wilson was a stu
dent in his office.
A number of the well-known citizens of to-day became such
about this time : among others, C. W. Hunnicutt, in 1848; J. M.
Holbrook, in 1852; G. T. Dodd, in 1853 ; Daniel Pittman, L. J.
Gartrell, L. J, Glenn, .A. J. McBride, in 1854.
The Christian Church was organized in 1852, by State Evangel
ist Daniel Hood, with six or eight members, and their first church
was erected the following year.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 35
A Sabbath-school, organized ifi 1853, by Green B. Haygood and
Willis F. Peck, proved the nucleus of Trinity Methodist Church.
Green B. Haygood, chairman, Joseph Winship, Edwin Payne, and
Dr. George SmitlTwere appointed a building committee. A lot was
purchased on the Court-house square, and old Trinity was speedily
built; Bishop Andrew dedicating it in September, 1854, and Rev.
J. P. Duncan preaching the first sermon.
The Second Baptist Church was organized in 1854, by nineteen
members of the First Baptist Church. These were Mrs. Lipman,
Dr. B. F. Bomar, Mrs. B. F. Bomar, Thomas 'Veasey, Francis H.
Coleman, Mrs. Sherburne, John M. Myres and wife, Mrs. Krogg,
Mrs. Wells, T. W. West and wife, Mr. and Mrs. Oglesby, I. O.
McDaniel and wife, R. J. McDaniel, P. E. McDaniel and wife, and
Nancy B. McDaniel ; a majority of the nineteen being females.
Yet a church was soon built, costing about $13,000.

36 ILL US TRA TED ATLANTA.

CHAPTER VIII.

CONTINUED GROWTH.— 1854-60.
The year 1854 found Atlanta a busy and growing little city of
6,025 souls, according to the figures of the census. The average
annual increase of population, for several years past, had been about
one thousand. There were about sixty stores, and the sales of
goods ran up to one and a half millions of dollars. This was a
fine showing and its presentation here will enable us to see,
by comparison, the continued progress of the next six ye irs, or up
to the period of the war. For, notwithstanding a commercial crisis in
1857 and 1858, the growth of the city was steady and substantial,
so much so that the United States census of i860 proved Atlanta
to be, in size, the fourth city of the State. Casual glances at the de
velopment of business, the march of improvement, and accession
to the population, will disclose some of the successive steps in the
career of prosperity.
First of all, should be noted the accesssions of valuable men, for, as
before intimated, Atlanta owes its remarkable career of prosperity
to no agency more than the character of its citizens. Among these
— in 1854 came Dr. J. P. Logan, M. Cole, and Thomas M. Clarke,
which latter gentleman, with Mr. Gilbert, opened the first exclu
sively hardware store in Atlanta, the failure of which in three
month's time was freely predicted; in 1855, David H. Dougherty;
in 1856, L. Bellingrath, and A. Bellingrath ; in 1857, E. E. Rawson ;
ini858,Joi[^nKeely,J.C.Peck; ini859, A. C. and B. F. Wyly, W.
B. Cox, J. Morrison, and John M. Clarke ; in i860, A. Morrison. Of
course mention can be made of only a few of the valuable citizens
gained during tfiis period, for there were many.
In 1854 the City Hall and Court House, 70x100 feet, two stories
high, was begun, and finished the ensuing year, at a cost of at least
$30,000. The old Athenffium, also, was built by S. J. Williams,
In 1857 Er Lawshe erected a store on Whitehall street. In 1858

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

37

I

38 ILL US TRA TED ATLANTA.

nineteen brick stores were erected. In 1859 as many more s'.ores
were built, among them a block on Marietta street, by J. Norcross ;
a store on VN^hitehall street by McNaught & Scrutchins ; a planing
mill was built by J. C. Peck ; and among the residences one by Er
Lawshe, on Peachtree street, and one by E. E. Rawson, on Pryor
street, remarkable for its extensive grounds, lovely terraces, and
forest trees.
Important new enterprises were inaugurated and established.
Among them was the formation of a company for the manufacture
of gas, and the city was lighted with it December 25th, 1855. In
the Spring of 1855 the Atlanta Medical College entered upon an ac
tive existence by a course of lectures in the City Hall, and in the
following July the corner-stone of its present building was laid, and
the building was occupied the following year. Thirty-two students
were graduated the first term.
In 1856 the Bank of Fulton was established by Alfred Austell
and E. W. Holland, with a capital of $125,000. One of the grand
est movements of this period was that started in 1857, in favor of
another railroad, the Air-Line, of which more anon.
Among the many new firms entering business were P. & G. T.
Dodd, grocers, and Silvey & Dougherty, general merchandise, in
1856. In 1859 A. C. & B. F. Wyly commenced and established
the first wholesale grocery business, building a fine store-house for
the purpose. Rawson, (E. E.) Gilbert & Burr entered the dry
goods trade, and John H. James began the banking business in a
Whitehall street window.
From 1854 to 1859, churches, societies, and organizations of
varied purpose increased numerously. In 1S58 the Central Pres
byterian Church organized with thirty-nine members. Dr. J. P.
Logan and John Ray being the ruling elders. Rev. John W.
Baker filled the pulpit that year, and Rev. J. L, Rogers was in
stalled the year following. A Young Men's Christian Association
organized in 1857 or 1858, with Sidney Root. President; Lewis
Lawshe, John Clarke, J. HiU Davis, and M. C. Cole, "Vice-Presi
dents. In 1858 the Hibernian Benevolent Society organized, under
B. T. Lamb, President. The Masons organized Jason Burr Coun
cil April 26, 1855; Fulton Lodge No. 216, October, 1857; Coeur
de Leon Commandery No. 4, May, 1859. The Independent Order

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 39
of Odd Fellows organized Empire Encampment No. 12 in i860.
The Gate City Guards, our first military company, organized June
8th, 1857, with the following officers : George H. Thompson, Cap
tain ; Wm. L. Ezzard, First Lieutenant; S. W. Jones, Second Lieur
tenant ; John H. Lovejoy, Third Lieutenant ;' James L. Lewis,
First Sergeant-; Wilson Ballard, Second Sergeant ; Wiliis P.
Chisolm, Third Sergeant; James H. Purtell, Fourth Sergeant;
Thomas M. Clarke, First Corporal ; Jas. E. Butler, Second Cor
poral; E. Holland, Third Corporal ; Joseph Thompson, Jr., Fourth
Corporal ; James F. Alexander, Surgeon ; Daniel Pittman, Secretary
and Treasurer.
This brief survey may be concluded with a mention of another
evidence of metropolitan ideas and[growth appearing in 1859:
Atlanta's first directory, compiled by WUliams and pubUshed by
M. Lynch, well-known member of the present book firm of Lynch
'& Thornton, at that time running Kay's book store. It contains
a fine sketch of Atlanta from the pen of Green B. Haygood, a
prominent citizen and self-made lawyer, father of Rev. Atticus G.
Haygood, President of Emory College. Of this Directory it may
be said that, except in the matter of mechanical execution, it is
very little inferior to similar works at the present day. It is brim-
fuU of information, and is exceedingly interesting. Many of the
prominent business names of that day have disappeared ; while
many, prominent now, were then in a very different kind of busi
ness. Still there are familiar names of men, who had already, in
that day, attained prominence in lines of business in which to-day
they are recognized princes. This first Directory also fur
nishes striking evidence of another powerful agency in the pros
perity of Atlanta. It contains nearly fifty pages of advertising,
and about one hundred advertising cards. Few things have done
more for Atlanta than this persistent determination, on the part of
its business men, to thoroughly advertise their city and their busi
ness to the world. The Directory also shows that the men who
afterward achieved great success in business were those who ad
vertised most fully and actively.
At the opening of this chapter, the population and business of
the city in 1854 were stated. WiUiams' Directory furnishes us
with a summary of progress during the period through which this

40 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
chapter has glanced. April ist, 1859, the population amounted,
according to State census, to 11,500; the assessed value of real
estate in the same year, to $2,760,000 : and the sale of goods to
about $3,000,000. Thus, in five years, there was an increase, in
population, of 5,000, and in sales, of about $1,500,000. This
comparison shows that the city had just about doubled itself, both
in population and business. The dry goods trade, particularly,
began to expand, and sales were made over an area of at least one
hundred miles around, "on terms as favorable," it was claimed,
" as could be had in the retail markets of the great Northern cities.
New York itself not excepted." The United States census, taken
the following year, i860, placed Atlanta, in population, the fourth
city of the State. The population in 1861, at the beginning of the
war between the States, was about 13,000.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 41

CHAPTER IX.

THE WAR PERIOD.— 1861-5.
In 1 86 1, Atlanta received its first check in its onward career.
The war between the States commencing this year, brought the
march of improvement to a perfect standstill. But as in every
other period or contingency of its history, that which was at first a
check, became a great impetus. The cessation of growth was, in
fact, more apparent than real. While buUding operations were
discontinued, the population steadily increased ; and while business
was paralyzed in some departments, in others it acquired a new
vigor and greater proportions. These statements are verified by
the official figures and facts of the time.
That the life and business of the city should feel some paralysis
was quite natural, for many of its master spirits withdrew them
selves from the avenues of labor and trade, and cast their fortunes
upon the tented field. If space and the scope of this history per
mitted, a very long list of now familiar names might be mentioned
in this connection ; some achieving high rank, and many honoring
their city none the less, though in the ranks of the private soldier.
The professional, the mercantile, and the mechanic classes were
very greatly depleted, and Atlanta depopulated, for years, of a host
of its best citizens. But despite the temporary loss to the city of
brain and labor, both the population and aggregate of business in
creased. There was a constant influx of people, some drawn
through the operation of the old attractions, and rhany through the
circumstances and exigencies of the times.
Atlanta became one of the military centres and supply depots of
the Southern Confederacy. The manufacture of arms, ammunition
and war material in general, was conducted upon the most exten
sive scale. There were many other manufactures, as for instance
those of alcohol, vinegar and spirits of nitre, by Bellingrath, of the
firm of Hunnicutt & Bellingrath, for the Confederate Government.

42

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 43
In 1862, the city passed under martial law, and at once became
the headquarters of Confederate quartermasters and commissaries.
It was made, too. a chief hospital point. Several hotels, the Medi
cal CoUege, Female Institute building and others, were used for
hospitals and store-houses. It is probable that in these hospitals
from time to time, were treated and nursed at least 75,000 Con
federate sick and wounded. These different enterprises required
the labor of a large force of men, and heavy expenditures of money,
which stimulated trade.
The prominence and importance of Atlanta as one of the great
work shops and supply depots. of the Confederacy led to one of the
most daring individual feats of the war. TheWestern & Atlantic Rail
road to Chattanooga was the main line of transportation to the Con
federate armies in Tennessee and Mississippi. This road has thirteen
bridges. A man by the name of Andrews formed the idea of pen
etrating to the neighborhood of Atlanta with picked men, captur
ing an out-going train, and burning aU the bridges. He obtained
twenty odd men, fourteen of them soldiers detailed from their com
mand for the work, and the rest volunteers. On the 12th of April,
1862 they made their-attempt. At Marietta, twenty miles from
Atlanta, they boarded a passenger train,disguised in citizens clothes,
claiming to be refugees, and paying their way to different points.
The train stopped for breakfast at Big Shanty, seven miles from
Marietta. Here Capt. W. A. Fuller, the conductor, and all the train
men went into the breakfast house about fifty feet from the track.
Anthony Murphy, the foreman of the Road's shop, and Jeff Cain
the engineer, were sitting near to Fuller, when he called their at
tention to the fact that some parties had boarded the engine and
moved off with three freight cars, having uncoupled the rest. They
leaped to their feet and rushed out, only to see the engine going
out of sight. FuUer thought that the train thieves were deserters
from a Confederate recruiting camp at Big Shanty, who- would run
to a safe distance and then abandon the engine. He started in
pursuit on foot. At a station two miles from Big Shanty, a party
of track hands gave him such information as convinced him at once
that the engine-captors were Federal soldiers. Taking the hand
car from the track men, and going back a short distance, he picked
up Mr. Murphy and the engineer and then pushed forward in pur-

44

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

suit. He knew that not far ahead he must meet Atlanta-bound
trains, when he could secure an engine. He knew also that the
fugitives would have to contend at Kingston, a short distance ahead,
with freight trains which would detain them. Fuller finally got an
engine as he expected, and the chase began in earnest.
There were tremendous difficulties on both sides. The fugitives
had not only to lose time in passing trains, but had also to secure
the privilege of passing by plausible conduct. On the part of the
pursuers the greatest difficulty was the encounteri-ng of obstacles

THE OLD ATLANTA HOTEL IN 1862.
upon the track, and the track itself at times so torn up as to
force abandonment of their engine, and a new pursuit on foot till
another engine was met. The flight and pursuit were thus con
tinued, the telegraph wires being constantly cut between stations to
prevent their use, till Dalton was reached and passed — one hundred
miles from Atlanta. But here Fuller got a dispatch through to
Chattanooga before the wire was cut, and pressing on, soon again
came insight of the fugitives trying to tear up the track. Off they

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 45
started, and the engines flew like the wind over the track. Soon
the fleeing engine began to fag for want of fuel, and the men leap
ed from her and took to the woods and scattered. Fuller sent back
word to a regiment at Ringgold and men were mounted and
sent to scour the woods. Captain Fuller, with Murphy, Cox and
Martin, nothing daunted, again continued the pursuit on foot. The fi
nal result was the capture of the entire party. Andrews, the leader,
was tried, convicted and hung as a spy, and so were the eleven vol
unteers. The detailed soldiers were discharged.
The feat was one of great daring, and was so adroitly managed
that it would have succeeded but for the indomitable spirit and
clear-headed tactics of Captain W. A. Fuller the conductor. This gen_
tieman is now a quiet, pleasant-faced grocery merchant on Marietta
street, where he may be found any day "sticking to his business"
as he did with such splendid success on that memoriable 12th of
April, 1862.
• From the operation of the various causes mentioned the
population of Atlanta continued to increase, until a short time
previous to the Federal capture of the city, in 1864, it reached the
figure of about 20,000. At the immediate moment of that event,
there were not more than 12,000 citizens — men, women and chil
dren — as all had left who could well do so.
On the 9th of July, 1864, the Confederate army under General
Joseph E. Johnston, and the Federal army under General WiUiara
T. Sherman, had both reached the Atlanta side of the Chattahoo
chee, which runs within nine miles of the city. Four or five days
later, the bombardment of the city was commenced, and continued
almost incessantly until September ist. The scenes which followed
may be imagined, but not readily described. Shells were thrown
into the city day and night, doing their work of death, and constant
ly setting the city on fire. Our firemen were thus ke^t busy in ef
forts to extinguish the flames, and the women and children and
jion-combatants were frequently forced to retire to improvised
bomb-proofs, behind walls and in the ground, for the preservation
of life. Around the city the ground was seamed with entrench
ments and earthen fortifications, some extending within the corpo
rate limits of the city. About these, fierce battles were fought, and
many a brave soldier laid down his life.

46 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
On the 1 8th of July, the forces of General Sherman, aggregating
100,000 effective men, began an encircling march toward Atlanta.
His right, under Thomas, formed line of battle along Peachtree
Creek a few miles to the north of Atlanta, his centre under Scho
field reaching in the direction of Decatur, on the Georgia Railroad,
six miles from Atlanta, and his left, under McPherson swinging
round upon the same railroad between Decatur and Stone Moun
tain, striking it about four miles from Stone Mountain and six miles
from Decatur.
Gen. Hood, who had succeeded Gen. Johnston in command of
the Confederate army numbering some 45,000 men, believing that
Sherman's forces under Schofield and McPherson were so far
beyond supporting distance that the whole Confederate army could
be hurled upon Thomas, and after crushing him, be thrown upon
the left wing about Decatur, made his dispositions accordingly.
This led to the battle of Peachtree Creek, July 20th. The Federal
troops were at first driven in confusion, but from some cause the
assault was partial, and the Confederate forces were finally forced
back with considerable loss.
Determining to make one more effort to save Atlanta, Hood, on
the 2 2d, two days later, attempted the same tactics as on the 20th,
striking this time Sherman's extreme left, under McPherson, about
Decatur. The attack was at first very successful, throwing the
Federal troops into great ilisorder, and capturing many guns and
thousands of prisoners. But by the most stubborn fighting, and
the partial failure of the Confederate flank movement on Decatur
a rout was prevented. The loss was heavy on both sides, amount
ing to about thirty thousand killed and wounded. Each army lost
a distinguished officer. Early in the battle, General McPherson,
commanding the army of the Tennessee, Sherman's left wing, in
attempting to reach his troops after the assault was begun, (he
being at the moment with General Sherman) ran upon a Une of
Confederates, and in wheeling to escape was shot dead, in a
skirt of woods between Atlanta and Decatur. On the Confederate
side Major-General Walker was killed near the same spot, while
leading his division into battle.
FaiUng of complete victory. Hood had now to content himself
with holding Atlanta. This he was enabled to do without other than

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

47

detached fighting from day to day till September ist., when Sher
man having cut his only remaining railroad line, the one to Macon,
Atlanta was evacuated after a siegebf nearly two months.
On the following day Mayor James M. Calhoun, with a com
mittee of citizens, including E. E. Rawson of the city council, pro
ceeded to the Federal camp, and upon surrendering the city asked
protection for non-combatants and private property, which was
promised. On the same day, September 2d., the Federal troops en
tered and took possession of the city.

FEltERAL CAMP IN CITY PARK.
Two days later, September 4th, General Sherman issued an or
der, requiring the departure of all citizens within eight days, save
such as were in the employ of the Federal government. Those
who did not choose to go South were sent North. An armistice
of ten days was concluded between Generals Hood and Sherman
to carry this order into execution. The people were permitted to
take away a certain amount of property, and, with the slight means
of transportation at hand, even this could be done only with diffi-

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

culty. By an agreement between General Sherman and Mayor
Calhoun, considerable furniture was coUected and deposited in the
old Trinity Methodist Church ; but the larger part of this was after
wards lost through depredation, and the great bulk of private prop
erty was necessarily abandoned at the outset.
This forcible expulsion of twelve thousand men, women and chil
dren from their homes, almost entirely without means, produced
terrible hardships and intense suffering. Mayor Calhoun, Coun
cilmen E. E. Rawson and Wells, on the part of the citizens, earn
estly petitioned for a revocation of the order, but to no effect. For
the same purpose, an Episcopal clergyman of Atlanta had an in-

RUINS OF THE PASSENGER DEPOT,
terview with Sherman, at which the latter said to him : "Fortune of
war, sir ; fortune of war ! I want this place for a citadel, and want
no white citizens in it !"
November i6th Sherman commenced his march to the sea. Be
fore doing so, however, the destruction of the city was completed.
What could not be consumed by fire was blown up, torn down, or
otherwise destroyed. No city during the war was so nearly anni
hilated. The center of the city, or business locality, was an entire

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 49
mass of ruins — there being but a solitary structure standing on our
main street, WhitehaU, between its extreme commercial Umits. At
least three-fourths of the buUdings in the city were destroyed, the
remaining number consisting chiefly of dwelling houses. The very
few buildings of any consequence spared in the general ruin were
saved through intercession, contingency or accident. Rev. Father
O'ReiUy was instrumental in saving the Catholic and several Pro
testant church edifices, and also the City Hall. The Medical
College was saved through the effort of Dr. N. D'Alvigny.
Atlanta was thus left a scene of charred and desolate ruins, the
home of half-starved and half-wild dogs, and of carrion fowls feed
ing upon refuse and the decaying carcasses of animals. Such was
the spectacle that greeted the eyes of Er Lawshe, and other citizens
who returned to the city in December, 1864.

50 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

CHAPTER X.

REOCCUPATION AND REBUILDING OF THE CITY—
1865-72.
The third great era in the history of Atlanta was introduced by
the rehabiUtation of its people in 1865, and the rapid reconstruc
tion of the homes and places of business, beginning in the spring
of 1865, or about the close of the war.
The two military measures — the one . depopulating the city, the
other destroying -it — inflicted a calamity as terrible as was ever ex
perienced by an American city, even in the revolutionary times of
1776. The desolation was utter ; but marvelous as had been its
career up to its capture, the resurrection of Atlanta from its ashes.
by a people moneyless as well as homeless, with thousands of wid
ows and orphans thrown upon their care, is more marvelous still in
the rapidity with which the city not only recovered its former pro
portions, but sped far ahead of them.
As previously stated, the people began returning in November
and December, 1864. Before the end ofthe year 1865, the. old citi
zens had very generally returned, and many others came who,
ruined by the war, determined to seek new homes and begin afresh.
In 1866 it was ascertained, through a census, that Atlanta, despite
the losses of war, had already regained and passed the highest fig
ure of its population anterior to the Confederate evacuation, and
that it contained 20,228 people — the city limits being enlarged, by
the Legislature of that year, to three miles in diameter in every di
rection. The United States census of 1870 established the fact
that Atlanta was the second city in the State, Savannah alone ex
ceeding it in population.
To the return of the old population, with their old character
istics intensified by an almost total loss of property, is chiefly due
the restoration to former prosperity with a rapidity rarely, if ever,
paralleled in American history. Appreciating the situation, they

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

51

resolutely set to work to rebuild their fortunes. Did the scope of
a general history allow, it would be pleasant to recount the story
of individual effort. Every class proved true to its antecedent
career. The lawyer, the merchant, and the mechanic, all went to
work with a will. Conspicuous examples of merchants and me
chanics, and of professional men, could be numerously cited.
Among the new citizens acquired during this period will be rec
ognized many who have attained official, social and business prom
inence. At first the re
building was in a
haphazard manner,
and hundreds of
wooden and brick
shanties were erected
out of the debris of
the ruins — in many
instances the owners
putting their own
hands to the work,
clearing away the
rubbish and picking
out the material fit
for use. Er Lawshe
set up the first store
house on Whitehall
street by the removal
of a little one-story
building from an
other part of the city; and this was done by many others. The scarcity
of buildings made rents enormous, and building materials were
equally high. This state of things continued for several years. By
1869 and 1870, however, matters had settled down to a more soUd
basis. Splendid residences and stores began to rise, and many of
the shanties were pulled down and replaced by massive structures.
In the years 1869, 1870, 1871 and 1872, building operations were
immense, embracing stores, residences and public houses. Ip 1865
John H. James built his banking house, and McNaught & Scrutchins

WALTON STREET RESIDENCE.

52

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

their store on Whitehall street, and J. C. Peck rebuilt his plan
ing mill. In the same year, also, Mr. O. H, Jones, Marshal ofthe
city in 1864, built fine livery stables for the accommodation of the
greatly increasing stock trade he had established. In 1 868 the Third

Baptist church was built by liberal contributions of Governor
Brown and others. In 1869 E. E. Rawson rebuilt his store on
Whitehall street ; Moore & Marsh finished a magnificent 36 by 185

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

53

store on Decatur street ; John H. James built his famous residence-
now the Governor's Mansion, on. Peachtree street, at a cost of $70.-
000, and began a block on Whitehall street. In 1870 Louis DeGive
buUt the Opera House, which Forrest, Booth, and other great ac
tors, pronounce unsurpassed in acoustic properties ; the corner-stone
of the Catholic Church was laid by Father Ryan ; the Fourth Bap
tist Church was built by John H. Jaraes ; the Kimball House, one
of the largest hotels in the United States, was built by H. I. Kim
ball, at a cost of nearly half a million dollars; B. F. Wyly built a
handsome residence on Washington street. In 1871 at least four
hundred buUdings went up, among them the Republic Block, built
by ex-Governor Brown, Judge O. A. Lochraneand others, on Pryor
street ; the Austell building, on Decatur street ; the Union Passen
ger Depot, one of the largest and finest iron depots in the United
States, jointly constructed by the railroad companies. In 1872 an
other church — the Fifth Baptist — was built by John H. James ; a
three-story building on Broad street, by ex-Governor Brown ; a
splendid 52 by 140 feet slate bank-vault, agricultural warehouse.
by Mark W. Johnson ; a building for his hardware business, by
Thomas M. Clarke, and numerous residences.
Business advanced at an equal pace. The old commercial houses
¦were reestabUshed, banks were reorganised, and the old manu
facturing enterprises were resuscitated. Trade rapidly fiUed up old
channels, and overflowing the banks, made many new outlets.
The monetary needs of the people were, of course, very press
ing, and banking faciUties were speedily forthcoming. In 1865
John H. James recommenced his banking business ; the Georgia
National Bank opened, John Rice, President, and E. L. Jones, Cash
ier ; followed, 1866, by the Atlanta National Bank, with a capital
since raised to $300,000 ; in 1868 by the Georgia Trust Company,
with a capitalof $125,000 ; in 1872 by the State National, now Mer
chant's Bank ; and in 1873, by the Citizens', and State of Georgia.
Among the businesses established and reestabUshed were, in
1866, wholesale groceries by Jas. R. Wylie and P. & G. T. Dodd!
hardware by Tommey, Stewart & Beck ; wholesale crockery by
A. J. McBride. In 1868 the Atlanta Daily Constitution newspa
per was started by Col. Carey W. Styles. In 1870 J. Morrison.
A. Morrison and D. M. Bain established a new hardware store

54 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
under the firm name of Morrison, Bain & Co. Before the war J.
C. McMillan and H. Y. Snow began a wholesale and retail grocery
business. Snow started out again at the close of the war upon
a salary of a half bushel of meal per day (worth twenty-five
cents) in a southern Georgia mill, and McMillan, with equal pluck,
went to work, and they reestabUshed that business. "Very nat
urally the expansion of trade and great influx of population en
hanced the value of real estate, and increased prices brought upon
the market a large and increasing amount of property, which was
eagerly purchased by speculators in the city and from abroad, as
well as by non-residents. This proved one of the most fruitful
sources of revenue to an impoverished people, and at the same
time buUt up a comparatively new business, which in a few years
assumed immense proportions. In 1868 George W. Adair opened
a bureau for the sale and exchange of real estate property. In the
six years following, prices.ran up to enormous and most unhealthy
figures — millions of dollars changed hands.
In 1873 came a new arm of progress — the Air-Line Railroad.
As early as 1857, the growing wants of the city suggested to en
terprising citizens the propriety of increased railroad facilities, and
the opening of new lines of transportation into undeveloped sec
tions. The agitation of the Air-Line Railroad followed. Ex-
Mayor Norcross was the recognized leader in this movement, ably
assisted by James M. Calhoun, L. J. Gartrell and others, and ob
tained a charter. In 1859, Mr. Norcross was made President of
the road, and was mainly instrumental in obtaining a subscription
of several hundred thousand dollars along its proposed line. In
1858 the city of Atlanta subscribed $300,000. Grading contracts
were made, and in i86a work was commenced. The war, and
other causes suspended operations. In 1866 the citizens of Atlanta,
in a large public meeting, endorsed the road. The company had
been reorganized, work was recommenced in 1869, the road was
completed in August, 1873, and in September, trains were running
upon a regular schedule. Thus Atlanta became the market for an
entirely new region of great and constantly developing resources.
During these years still another field of business enterprise was
extensively opened up, becoming one of the chief contributors to
Atlanta's prosperity. In 1859 it was claimed that dry goods were

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 55
sold for one hundred Tnttes around ; but not until since the war did
the wholesale business develop into a distinct element of the city's
progress. This was also true of the cotton trade, which, in 1 867, showed
receipts of only 17,000 bales, but at once began an upward career.
The religious, moral, social and educational progress of this
period was equally gratifying ; the number of religious organiza
tions largely increased, some of which may be mentioned. June
17th, 1867, the Hebrew Synagogue was organized from the old
Hebrew Benevolent Association — Mr. Jacob Steinheimer first offi
ciating. In the same year the Loyd Street Methodist Episcopal
Church was organized, and in 1870 and 1872 the Fourth and Fifth
Baptist Churches followed. In the year 1870 Payne's and St.
Paul's (Methodist) appeared. Educational and society organiza
tions were so numerous that separate chapters will be devoted to
them.

56 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

CHAPTER XI.

BIRTH AND GROWTH OF ASSOCIATIONS.— 1865-72.
Association is one of the essential elements of progress, and
wherever this principle is found in active operation, great develop
ment will also be discovered. So numerous was the organization
of societies during this period — from the close of the war to the
commercial crisis of 1873 — that it might be appropriately termed
an era of association. Outside of educational institutions, and the
mere utilitarian partnerships, combinations and corporations for
business ends, great activity manifested itself in the establishment
of societies and organizations for literary, social and benevolent
purposes ; and to the latter this chapter will be devoted. In 1867
the Young Men's Library Association began its existence. Several
attempts had been made in previous years, to establish a library,
but had failed. This effort originated with D. G. Jones, then teller
of thg Georgia National Bank. He laid the subject before the
author of this book, who became heartily interested. A young
lawyer — Henry Jackson — was next consulted, and the three agreed
upon the caU of a meeting. This occurred in the room of Archi
tect Parkins, over the Georgia National Bank, on the night of July
30th. There were present at the first meeting, Albert Hape, J. R.
Barrick, D. G. Jones, C. P. Freeman, E. Y. Clarke, A. R. Watson,
John R. Kendrick, W. H. Parkins, Henry Jackson, Ed. H. Jones,
W. D. Luckie and C. H. Davidge. A temporary organization was
effected by the election of J. R. Barrick, chairman, and A. R. Wat
son, secretary. It was unanimously resolved to form a Library As
sociation, and D. G. Jones, Henry Jackson and E. Y. Clarke were
appointed a. committee to draft a constitution. On the following
Monday night (August 5th) this committee reported the constitu
tion, which was discussed but not acted upon. The question of
rooms was considered, with the conclusion to continue, for the
present, in the room of Mr. Parkins — returning thanks to Henry

ILL US TRA TED A TLA N TA. 57
Jackson for the proffer of his office. By resolution of E. Y. Clarke,
Rev. R. A. Holland was invited to lecture for the Association. At
the third meeting, on Monday night, August 12th, A. R. Watson in
the chsxr pro. tem., and W. D. Luckie, secretary pro^ tem., the con
stitution, as. reported, was adopted. It declared that the name and
style of the association shall be " The Young Men s Library Asso
ciation of the City of Atlanta, " and that its purpose shall be " to
facihtate mutual intercourse, extend our information on subjects of
general utility, promote a spirit of useful inquiry, and qualify our
selves to discharge properly the duties incumbent upon us in our
various professions and pursuits ; ' and, in furtherance of these ob
jects, to "coUect a library, establish a reading room, and organize a
system of instruction by lectures. " At the next meeting the con
stitution was signed by forty-seven members. The following
Board of Directors, for the first year, was then elected : Henry
Jackson, President; Darwin G. Jones, Vice-President; C.P. Free
man, Secretary ; W. D. Luckie, Treasurer ; E. Y. Clarke, A. R,
Watson, H. T. Phillips, E. B. Pond, Albert Hape, F. O. Rudy, \V.
M. Williams, J. R. Barrick, L. H. Orme, Directors. The Board
held its first meeting August 20th, and appointed its committees.
On September 2d, the Board met for the first time in the rented
library room, which was retained until 1877, when the new rooms
were occupied. The Library Committee reported that the room
rent was three dollars per month, and that the necessary shelving
would not cost ovkc fifteen dollars. The first recorded donation is
of Appleton's Cyclopedia, by Col. L. P. Grant, and others — a gen
tleman distinguished for warm friendship and continuous liberality
to the Association, and who was justly its first elected honorary
member. For a year the struggle for existence was a hard one,
and taxed the utmost effort and ingenuity of the managers. A
concert was given during the first year which netted several hun
dred dollars. The Lecture Committee inaugurated a system of
lectures, and furnished a regular course, placing upon the stage
such raen as Rev. R. A. Holland, Admiral Semmes, Gen. D. H.
Hill, and Rev. J. S. Lamar ; but they ceuld do no more than make
the course self-sustaining— the receipts exceeding expenses some
fifty dollars. To sustain the institution, resort was had to many
and various expedient-^. It grew gradually, however, into popular

58 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
favor, the membership continued to increase, and, finally, each suc
cessive year showed continued progress tiU, in 1878 — the end of the
period now under review — our Public Library was established
beyond question.
A life membership, conferring all rights and privileges, except
those of voting and holding offlce, costs twenty-five dollars ; dues
may be commuted for Ufe for fifty dollars.
In 1858, the Hibernian Society organized under the presidency of
B. T. Lamb. August 16th, 1863, it was reorganized as the Hiber
nian Benevolent Society of Atlanta, with B. T. Lamb, President ;
M. Mahoney, Treasurer ; Joseph Gatens, Secretary'. In 1869 the
following were elected : John H. Flynn, President ; Owen Lynch
and T. Burke, Vice-Presidents; W. H. Roche and Jas. Walsh,
Treasurers ; W. Dowling and T. Nunan, Secretaries. Its general
object is the temporal welfare of its members and their families.
In June, 1867, the Concordia Association was organized, and
speedily became popular. The first organization was : A. Lands-
berg, President ; L. Lieberman, Vice-President ; S. Rosenfeld,
Secretary^ Charles Beerman, Treasurer ; L. Rosenfeld, Financial
Secretary ; A. L.Labold, Stage Manager ; and the following were
the first or original members : M. Eisman, Jr., Lewis Alexander,
J. L. Cohen, M. Friedenthal, D. Fleishel, J. F. Fleishel, B. Fleishel,
B. Friedman, M. Frank, M. Fletcher, M. Franklin, M. Hartman,
G. A. Huald, S. Hirschberg, H. Kuhrt, G. Katzenstein, L. Levy, E.
Lang, E. Loveman, M. Menko, A. Rosenfeld, Wm. Rich, D. Rosen
berg, E. A. Shulhafer, J. Steinheimer, D. Steinheimer, Isaac Stein
heimer, E. Steinheimer, M. Somer, L. Somer, J. Rosenfeld, S.
Weil, L. Cahn. Its objects are mutual improvement in elocution,
debates and dramatic performances, and social amusements.
In May, of the same year, the Ladies' Memorial Association was
organized, for the purpose of collecting the remains of the Con
federate dead, their proper interment, and the erection of a monu
ment. How well its work has been done, appears from the state
ment that the scattered remains of over five thousand bodies were
collected and re-interred, and that a splendid monument was
erected out of our Stone Mountain granite.
In May, 187J, the Baptist Orphans' Home was organized. Ex-
Governor Brown was made one of the trustees, and Mr. John H.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 59
James, Treasurer, who, assisted by his wife, had a very large share
•n the management. The Home was started in Atlanta, but
shortly secured an excellent building two miles out of the city,
where it supported many children.
March i, 1873, the Atlanta Turn Verein organized with a mem
bership of twenty-five, for the purpose of mental and physical
development. It is a member of the great Turner Verein, extend
ing all over the United States. The charter members were C. J.
Weinmeister, H. Muhlenbrink, Dr. Ch. Rauschenberg, Aaron
Haas, Chas. Brown, D. Fechter and E. Fechter. There were
many other organizations, but sufficient mention has been made
to indicate the progress in this direction.

6o ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

CHAPTER XII.

EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS— 1865-72.
During this period of general reconstruction and progress, educa
tional interests had advanced, and the city was well supplied with
private schools and collegiate institutions. But Atlanta began soon
to grow restless under that pressing need of a great j:ity — a thor
ough system of education, and one that .would embrace every child
within its limits, thereby securing ample instruction to all, whether
rich or poor. Even before the war, public attention was directed to
that necessity. In 1858, on the loth of September, a public meet-
%g was held, at the City Hall, and a coramittee, previously appoint
ed, made an able report through their chairman — Green B. Haygood
— favoring public schools, and urging the City Council to provide
buildings, levy a school fund tax, and memorialize the Legislature for
full powers. For some reason the matter went no further at that
time, though the Secretary, Mr. J. S. Peterson, published the entire
proceedings of the raeeting.
On Septeraber 24th, 1869, however, the City CouncU passed a
resolution, introduced by Alderman D. C. O'Keefe, tothe effect that
the success and perpetuation of free institutions depend upon the
virtue and intelligence of the people, and that the pubUc school sys
tem has been proven to be the best calculated to promote these
prime objects, and is the cheapest and most efficient system; and
that a coramittee of Councilmen and citizens be appointed to inves
tigate and report upon the subject of pubUc schools for Atlanta.
Mayor W. H. Hulsey, D. C. O'Keefe, E. R. Carr, and citizens. Dr.
J. P. Logan, W. M, Jones, J. H. Flynn, E. E. Rawson, David May
er, L. J. Gartrell and S. H. Stout were appointed that committee,
and they prepared an elaborate report, which was adopted by Council
November 19th, recommending the establishment of a public school
system. On the 26th, of the same month, resolutions were offered by Al.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 6i

derman D. C. O'Keefe, providing for the election of a Board of Ed
ucation, the erection of public school-houses, and such other steps
as were necessary to the establishment of the schools.
On December I oth, the Board was elected, consisting of twelve
members, J. P. Logan, E. E. Rawson. J. E. Brown, L. E. Bleckley,
forsix years; John H. Flynn, L, P. Grant. David Mayer, H. T.
PhiUips, for four years ; S. H. Stout, W. A. Hemphill, M. C. Blan
chard, D. C. O'Keefe, for two years.
The city charter was amended in 1870 to establish and maintain
the system by the imposing and collection of requisite taxes, and the
issuance of bonds, not exceeding $100,000. In the following year,
1870, the City Council passed an ordinance, giving the Board of Ed
ucation full control of the. public shools, with power to construct.
lease or purchase buUdings, making the necessary appropriations,
with the Mayor of the city ex-officio member of the Board ; and
three school-houses were at once built, and by January, 1872, were
completed. PubUc exercises of inauguration occurred January 30th ,
at the Ivy street shool building, with addresses by Chancellor Lips
comb, Rev. A. T. Spalding, State School Commissioner Orr, Mayor
John H. James, Judge H. R. McCay and Gov. J . E. Brown.
On the 1 5th of Noveraber, 1871, Mr. Bernard Mallon, of Savannah,
was elected superintendent. By February following the miblic schools
were opened, and at the end of the first year, showed the foUowing
remarkable status : two thousand and seventy-five white scholars ;
two high schools and seven grammar schools, taught by twenty-four
females and six males.
I'vy Street School opened January 31st ; Boys' High_ School, Feb
ruary ist; Girls' High School, February 5th ; Crew Street School,
February 21st; Walker Street School, February 21st; Decatur
Street School, February 27th ; Luckie Street School, February 29th
Governor Joseph E. Brown has been President of the Board since
the organization ; E. E. Rawson, Treasurer, and David Mayer,
Vice-President. The experienee and ability of the Superintendent speedily devel
oped the work. At the end of the scholastic year the number of
children enrolled in the schools was nearly four thousand, which
evinced their great popularity. There were fifty-six teachers. The

62 ILLUS7 RATED ATLANTA.
school property was valued at about $100,000. The last estimate
of the average cost per scholar is less than $1.50 per month.
A Convent School for girls is kept by the Sisters of Mercy.
A University was built for colored people — male and female —
which receives an annual appropriation from the State of $8,000.
In 1868 Moore's Business University was established by Prof. B.
F. Moore. It has gained a wide-spread reputation ; over one thou
sand young men have been in attendance on it in this city. It re
ceives an extensive patronage from Georgia, Alabama, South Caro
Una, North CaroUna, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana and Flori
da, and furnishes a complete business and commercial education.
It will thus be seen that the educational progress of the period
kept fully abreast of the advance movement in every other grand
interest of the city.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 63

CHAPTER XIII.

A FINANCIAL CRISIS -1873,
In 1873 the population, by census, was 30,869. The Air-Line
Railroad was finished, and many improvements, under way at the
beginning of the year, were completed. But in this year a great
monetary crisis befell the country, and the financial panic swept like
a whirlwind over Atlanta. Building stopped, the wheels of prog
ress were clogged, the prices of real estate tumbled tremendously,
and business was prostrated. Of course this state of things caused
general damage, and all suffered ; but to the great credit of Atlanta,
and of the sound foundation of its business prosperity, few large
houses were seriously effected, and though the crash of great houses
and banks was resounding in all cities of the land, not a single bank
in Atlanta fell, though there was a run on all of them. It is true
Hhat Mr. James' bank suspended, but the suspension was only tem
porary. With his characteristic judgment and decision, he threw
a hundred thousand dollars of his real estate immediately upon
the market, which, though sold under the auctioneer's hammer at a
great sacrifice, furnished him ready money, and tended to restore
to him public confidence. In less than sixty days his bank was all
right- again. Thus no bank in Atlanta was crushed. Business,
however, was prostrate ; trade flowed sluggishly in its channels for
several years ; but a peaple whom fire and sword, and consequent
monetary bankruptcy, could not destroy, would not be kept down
by a financial panic audits effects, however disastrous. Progress
soon began to manifest itself ; indeed, as always in the career of
Atlanta, there was not an absolute halt in its onward march. St.
Luke's Episcopal Church and a German Lutheran Church were
added to its houses of worship, and a Cumberland Presbyterian
Church was organized.
Progress soon again became quite noticeable, new hotels, facto
ries, banks, and other enterprises appearing. Immense fires only

64

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

made way for nobler structures, and so continued the march of im
provement. Numerous churches were
buUt, some of them. Trinity
(Methodist), the Roman Cath
olic, and others, being exceed
ingly handsome. The new
Hebrew Synagogue, completed
a few years later, was begun
under the efficient manage
ment of the building com
mittee, J. T. Eichberg, L.
Cahn, M. FrankUn, H. Haas.
Another advance step, and

^Sii;>S.' CATHOLIC CHURCH, HUNTER STREET,
a very great one in the direction of culture, was the formation of a
musical society called the Beethoven. After a time it was suspen
ded, but it was reorganized January 25th, 1877, under the Presi
dency of Julius L. Brown, a gentleman distinguished for his devo
tion to the higher culture, an able lawyer, and one of the successful
Directors of the Young Mens' Library. In the meantime the Ros
sini Society had organized, in 1876, under the business manage-,
ment of President J. F. Burke, Treasurer W. C. Morrill, and other
competent gentlemen ; G. P.Guilford, organist of the Central Presby
terian Church, being the Musical Director, Mrs, Mary Madden,
Pianist, and C. C. Guilford, Librarian. These gentlemen were suc
ceeded by J. C. Courtney, as President ; David H. Appier, Vice-
President ; Prof. E. H. Kruger, Musical Director ; C. M. D. Brown,
Secretary ; B. W. Wrenn, G, A. Camp, J. Scrutchin, L. DeGive,
Jos. Morgan, Charles Beerman, and MesSrs. J. C. Courtney and D.
H. Appier, Directors.
The humanitarian or philanthropic movements of the decade
were most successful. By far the grandest of this character was
the Benevolent Association, organized in January, 1874. The
movement originated with the ladies, ever foremost in acts looking
to the elevation of humanity and the amelioration of its suffering
condition. The active efforts of Mrs. W. H. TuUer and Mrs. J A.
Hayden, among others, brought about a meeting of ladies and
gentlemen, and an organization resulted. Its objects embrace the

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 65
physical and moral welfare of the poor and the homeless. For this
purpose a "Home" has been provided, where the homeless and sick
are cared for. It is proper that so great a charity should be prom
inently set forth that it may accomplish still greater good by a
more extensive knowledge of its purposes, which are, to provide a
temporary home for destitute and helpless women and children, to
aid women and giris out of employment in finding suitable work,
and also, as soon as practicable, to give free instructions in industrial
pursuits, thereby enabling such persons to become self-supporting
and useful.
Any person could become a member of this Association by pay
ing the sum of one dollar annually. The payment of twenty-five
doUars at anytime, constituted life merabership.
The officers of the Home consisted of a President, two Vice-Presi
dents, a Secretary, Treasurer, twenty-four Managers, and an Advi
sory Coramittee of seven gentlemen, chosen annually, and who to
gether constituted a Board of Managers.' The officers were: Campbell
Wallace, President; Mrs. W. H. TuUer, ist Vice-President; M'rs.
James Jackson, 2nd Vice-President ; Mrs. B, Mallon, Secretary; D,
Mayer, Esq., Treasurer ; Advisory Board : J. F. Burke, Dr. Sam'l.
Hape, B. Mallon, S. M. Inman, W. R. Brown, J. C. Kimball, W.
Goodnow. Board of Managers : Mrs. E. Y. Hill, Mrs. J. H. James,
Mrs. Geo. Sharpe, Mrs. C. Peeples, Mrs. Paul Jones, Mrs. J. S. Oli-
ver.Mrs. R. J Godfrey, Mrs. J. H. Flynn, Mrs, W. A. Rawson, Mrs.
B. A. Pratt, Mrs. R. A. Anderson, Mrs. S. J. Hines, Mrs. J. H, Al
exander, Mrs, G.' W. D, Cook, Mrs. W. B. Lowe, Mrs. R. F, Mad-
dox, Mrs. C. H. Milledge, Mrs, A. B. Sharpe, Mrs. VV. C. Morril,
Mrs, L. M, Rigdon, Mrs, O, C, Carroll, Mrs. Geo. Boynton, Miss
M, Dunwoody.
At a subsequent period the systera of management was changed
as wUl appear.
The Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society was chartered in 1870,
In 1878 the officers were: Mrs. J. T. Eichberg, President ; Mrs. D.
Rich, Secretary ; Mrs. L. Lieberman, Vice-President. Its general
object is assistance to poor Jewish families.
The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was organ
ized in 1876 by Miss Louise King, of Augusta, aided by a lady
noted for her charitable works. Miss Nellie Peters, now Mrs. Geo.
R. Black. Under its operations several prosecutions have occurred,
5

66

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

FRANKLIN STEAM PRINTING HOUSE, 27 AND 29 DROAD STREET.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 67
leading to improved treatment of dumb brutes ; and drinking foun
tains have been erected through the city for their benefit — the lar
gest one being the present of Hon, John P. King, the distinguished
President of the Georgia Railroad,
In 1877 another library association was organized — the CathoUc
Library Association, Its object is the dissemination of Catholic
literature and knowledge generally. Its first officers were : J, F.
Burke, President ; R. D. Spalding, Vice-President ; A. C. Ford,
Treasurer ; John M. Graham, Secretary, and John H. Flynn, E.
Van Goidsnoven, P, J. Moran, W, B, Cox, John Stephens, M, H,
Dooly, John Doonan and Joseph Gatens, Directors.
For several centuries the progress of the printing art has been
both a great indicator and powerful promoter of national and local
prosperity. One has only to glance at a book or college catalogue
issued from the FrankUn Steam Printing House of Atlanta, to as
certain how near perfection this art has been brought. The Frank
lin Steam Printing House is now the property of James P, Harrison,
Geo. W. Harrison, Z. D. Harrison and J S. Lawton, and has
rapidly assumed mammoth dimensions. Under the business man
agement of Jas. P, Harrison, the superintendence of John S Prather,
and th*e thorough book-keeping of George W. Harrison — men
unsurpassed in their departments — the Franklin has grown until it
has become the largest printing house of the South. A half dozen
journals and magazines, besides the regular job and book work,
are issued from its presses. Its business extends throughout this
and many of the neighboring States, and now embraces the official
printing of the State government, by action of the Legislature, Such
a house, giving the year round employment to fifty odd men and
women, with a large invested capital in its business, and with a
large patronage from abroad, is a blessing to the city, and contri
butes largely to its prosperity.

68 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

CHAPTER XIV.

MUNICIPAL REFORM— 1873-4.
There is a tendency in all cities to create public debt, especially
where there are few or no charter restrictions upon the municipal
authorities. This arises in a great part from the importunities of
the citizens themselves for subscription to this or that enterprise on
account of alleged public interest or utility and in some measure
from the incompetency and venality of officials. The citizens of
Atlanta, wide-awake upon all matters touching the welfare of the
city, and also incited by the monetary stringency and steady decline
of values, had detected the accumulation of city indebtedness, and
becoming alarmed, in 1873, set about devising means to save the
city from future bankruptcy. The police system was also a source
of great complaint and dissatisfaction on several grounds. Under
the existing system a high state of efficiency and discipline was im
practicable ; and the poUce force was a powerful element in every
municipal election, exercising an undue influence over the result.
The public interest sternly demanded a change ; the policeman
must be taken out of municipal politics, and be made more efficient.
A petition, signed by J. H, Callaway, J, .A, Hayden, Amos Fox,
and some one hundred and fifty other citizens, was read before the
City Council, Noveraber i, 1873, alleging that the charter, though
often amended, had never been thoroughly revised, and urging that
this was greatly needed, and should be done to insure future pros
perity. "This petition was referred to a special committee, who re
ported on the following Friday night, November 8th, recommen
ding the appointment of forty-nine citizens, seven from each of the
seven wards. The report was unanimously ado pted, and " the
committee of forty-nine " was appointed, including such men as L.
P. Grant, G. W, Adair, George Hillyer, N, L. Angier, J. P. Logan,
L. J. Gartrell, John H. Flynn, John L. Hopkins, N. J. Hammond,

ILL US TRA TED ATLANTA.

John H, James, A, Murphy, W. G, GramUng, L, E, Bleckley, J. A.
Richardson, W. B. Cox and John T. Grant. On the night of No
vember 1 8th, this committee met at the Recorder's room. L. E.
Bleckley was made chairman, and one from each ward was appoin
ted to report subjects to be referred to sub-committees of three
each. The subjects reported were City Governraent, Finance,
Elections, Sanitary Regulations, Police, Water-Works, Public
Schools,and Streets,and they were referred to the separate sub-com
mittees. On November 26th a committee was appointed to consol
idate the various sub-committee reports. The consolidated report
was submitted and adopted. The ensuing Legislature passed the
charter thus revised, and it was approved by the Governor,February
28th, 1874.
No event of more vital consequence ever occurred in the govern
mental policy of Atlanta. No municipal reform was ever more
thorough, as will be seen at a glance at some of the new features
of the charter and their operation. In the first place, it puts a
stop to the creation of debt. Section 32 of the charter says that
no bonds shall be hereafter issued, except by an affirmative two-
thirds vote of two successive Councils, the approval of the Mayor,
and a majority vote of the cizens in a popular election. In all ap
propriations of money for the increase of indebtedness or expendi
ture of revenue, except for salaries, the Councilmen and Aldermen
must vote separately and agree. For this purpose the General
Council was constituted of three Aldermen for the city at large,
and two Councilmen from each ward; the Aldermen and Councilmen
separating into two bodies in all matters of finance. It is also
stipulated that the annual expenses shall be so restricted as not to
exceed the annual income, after certain payments on the public
debt, and that no General Council shall borrow money, save in the
management of existing indebtedness. As an additional safeguard,
a clause was inserted enacting the personal liability of Mayor,
Councilmen and Aldermen for the refunding of all amounts appro
priated in violation of the charter, and it is made the imperative
duty of the Clerk of Council to institute recovery suits.
Advancing a step farther, provision is made for the constant
annual reduction of the public debt by the setting apart of one-
fourth of the tax on real estate for the payment of the principal of

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

floating liabilities. Still another step was taken in this direction^
While increased indebtedness is prevented and reduction secured.
the business interests of the city must be protected from burden
some taxation. To do this, taxation is limited to one and a half
per cent.
In the department of official conduct, and the proper administra
tion of the laws, the regulations of the charter are equally effective.
Official malconduct, to the financial detriment of the city, is made
impossible. The greatest reform, however, under this head, was
the entire change of the police system, and its divorcement from
the General Council. A separate board, called Police Commission
ers, consisting of five citizens, elected by a two-thirds vote of the
General Council, was instituted, and into their sole control was
confided the election and government of the police force.
It is unnecessary to note any other changes wrought by the
charter ; these are sufficient to show that it is a masterpiece of
municipal reform, and secures the people, absolutely, against
municipal bankruptcy and burdensome taxation, and guarantees a
faithful and vigorous administration of the laws, for the protection
of their lives, liberties, and property.
It is true that the severe restrictions of the charter wiU not per
mit any very general system of thorough improvements at pres
ent, but any inconvenience from this cause will be cheerfully borne,
in view of the steady reduction of the public debt, and the new
stimulus infused into every factor of the city's prosperity, and the
increased values imparted to its property. It must be remembered,
too, that the gradual reduction of the interest account, together
with the enlarged income from taxation, will, in a few years, pro
duce an excess, which will insure the most liberal appropriations
for every object countenanced by the charter. The first Mayor
elected under its operations was Judge C. C. Hammock. In his
official address, at retirement, he uttered this strong language :
"The most signal of your achievements has been the successful ap
plication, and faithful execution, of the provisions of the new city
charter. Under its operation, the city has experienced what may
aptly be termed a new birth — such has been the change wrought
in her financial standing, and her prospects for future growth and
prosperity. Previous to its going into practical effect, her credit,

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

(the foundation of governmental, as well as of private, character)
was impaired and diminishing ; but under the confidence-inspiring
provision of the new charter, wisely conceived and courageously
enforced, Atlanta has, at one bound, inaugurated perpetual economy
in her expenditures — the steady, gradual reduction of her in
debtedness — and placed her securities on an up-grade, without a
parallel in the financial experience of these unfortunate times."

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

CHAPTER XV.

MOVEMENTS OF BUSINESS.— 1875
The commercial panic, not being based upon temporary causes
simply, but upon a general depreciation of the values from inflated
proportions to their true standard, the settling down or adjustment
of business to the changed condition was necessarily the work of
years. But the commercial circles of Atlanta gradually worked
out of the depression of the times, and reassumed their old activity.
Renewed vigor produced greater expansion, and expansion, in its
turn, demanded enlarged facUities. More banking capital was
needed, and more and larger houses for the handling and storage
of goods. One secret of Atlanta's progress is that no demand of
trade, however feeble, faUs to produce an effort at supply. So it
was at this time. New banks were organized, and more business
structures erected. In addition to those already mentioned, the
Atlanta Savings Bank appeared in 1875, under the management of
S. B. Hoyt, President, and R. H. Richards, Cashier.
The year 1875 was one of marvelous progress in buUding opera
tions. Real estate improvements aggregated in value, perhaps,
$1,000,000. This improvement embraced the filling up of numer
ous unsightly spots ; as for instance, the drainage of a marshy spot
south of Hunter street, and the erection of numerous cottage build
ings thereon, at an expense of perhaps twenty-five thousand dol
lars, by Col. Tom. Alexander, at that period one of Atlanta's prom
inent railroad contractors, and who invested his faith in Atlanta and
its future to the extent of one hundred thousand dollars, in real es
tate and improvements. P. &. G. T. Dodd &_ Co., to accommo
date their great business, erected a splendid building on Alabama
street — part of an entire block erected at the same time. A costly
hotel — the Markham House — was erected, and a six-story cotton

ILL USTRA TED A tLaNtA.

factory went up. Residences — and many fine ones — ascended
as if by magic.
Business exhibited great activity. One of the most important
events of the year was the establishment of the National Surgical
Institute, for the treatment of all deformities of the body, face and
limbs, including paralysis and chronic diseases. It is an incor
porated institution with a capital of $500,000, and has treated
thousands of cases. It has the unqualified endorsement of leading
citizens, and is accomplishing a vast amount of good.
Among the movements of trade may be noted that of wholesale
groceries to Alabama street. In 1873, Stokes & Co., wholesale
fruiterers, removed to this street ; Stephens and Flynn, Dodd &
Co., Fuller & Smith followed, making it the leading wholesale gro
cery street of Atlanta, of which more hereafter.

Vi illustrated ATLANTA.

CHAPTER XVI.

GENERAL PROGRESS FROM 1870-1880.
The progress of Atlanta during the decade from 1870 to 1880
not only equalled, but has surpassed that of any other period.
The progress was a general one, extending to every department of
business and industry. The same advance marked all other inter
ests, religious, educational and social. Besides municipal reforms,
the city government had also made great progress in the establish
ment of important public works, among these was the supply of
the city with water, at a cost of nearly a half million of dollars.
Though the well and mineral waters of Atlanta were amply suf
ficient for all drinking purposes, yet the continuous increase of
population rendered another source of supply advisable for the
central part of the city, and more particularly for the objects of
sewerage, and the extinguishment of fire, Hunnicutt & Bellin
grath, in 1875 and 1876, laid seventeen miles of pipe, aU of which
stood the test of two hundred pounds pressure to the square inch.
The water can be thrown in numerous streams to the top of the
highest buildings. The works are under the control of a Water-
Board, elected by the people. The duties of the members of the
Board are not only responsible, but also quite onerou s in the
case of the President, who at present is E. E. Rawson, the public
spirited citizen, whose time and labor form so prominent and large
a part of many of our best institutions.
Another most important step was the building of a street railway
by George W. Adair and Richard Peters. This proved a valuable
stimulus to the property of the city.

PART II.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. . 71

ATLANTA OF TO-DAY,
The preceding outline of the history of the city brings us to At
lanta as it is — the great, populous, and thriving metropolis, of the
State, In attempting to impart an adequate idea of its present
proportions and probable future, it will be necessary to glance at
its population, trade, industries, institutions, and advantages both
as a place of business and residence. In doing this no particular
method will be observed in the treatment of these topics, except,
perhaps, in following -somewhat the order in which they present
themselves to the notice of the visitor.

RAILROADS.

Atlanta is frequently caUed the "Gate City." The origin of the
title dates back to 1857, in the sumraer of which year the Mayor of
Memphis, with a nuraber of ladies and gentlemen, on their way to
Charleston, with water from the Mississippi,to be mingled with the
water of the Atlantic, passed through Atlanta. They had a cordial
reception and collation, and passed on, accompanied by Mayor
Ezzard and ladies and gentlemen of Atlanta, In Charleston they
had a royal time, a big banquet, and fine toasts. The sentiment
proposed for Atlanta denominated it the Gate City, signifying that
to reach the West from the sea-board, or the sea-board from the
West, the way passed through Atlanta, which was thus the "Gate."
To a great extent Atlanta is the offspring of raUroads. The site
was chosen, as previously stated, because it was the natural junc
tion of railroads converging from different sections of the State to
meet a railroad line from the West, being at the intersecting point of
several mountain ridges leading into upper, middle and eastern
Georgia, The completion of the roads at once established com
mercial invercourse between the West and Atlantic seaboard, and
Atlanta became a great depot or distributing point between the two.
This is 'the foundation stone of the mighty superstructure of com-

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

**¦

5 -

^t

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

73

mercial prosperity to-day marking the spot — a prosperity unexam
pled in the South, and with few parallels in the whole country, as
regards both that rapidity and solidity of growth, from which the
city has been often termed, not inaptly, the "Chicago of the South."
The railroad systera of Atlanta is now complete. With five finished
railroads leading in every direction of the compass, and more roads in
process of construction, Atlanta has a net-work of railroads, mak
ing the facUities of transportation simply perfect. Two of the latter
roads arc supplemental lines which wUl inure to the city's increased
benefit by competition with existing roads. All of them are links
of great trunk lines, traversing the country in every direction, and

WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD DEPOT FROM BROAD STREET BRIDGE.

they make Atlanta the centre of a grand system of railways. The
Western & Atlantic Railroad stretches toward the West, connect
ing with the railroad lines Vo the North ; the Atlanta & West Point
Railroad, making direct communication with the Southwest ; the
Central, formerly the Macon & Western Road, leading to the At
lantic coast and the South ; the Georgia Railroad, stretching to the

74 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
East, and the Air-Line Railroad, running directly northward. For
all the purposes of speedy transportition, commercial intercourse,
and accessibility to and from every section, the railroad facUities of
Atlanta are certainly perfect.
Nearly all these roads have fine depots and round-houses, and are
splendidly equipped, running sleeping and parlor cars, and numer
ous trains every day.
The Western & Atlantic Railroad, having been built by the State,
is known as the State Road. Some years ago it was leased by the
State, to which it now belongs, to a company, of which Senator
Josph E. Brown is President. Under his presidency and the super
intendency of General Wm. McRae, it has no superior in the United
States, being splendidly equipped. It connects Atlanta with Chat
tanooga, Tennessee, over a line of 138 mUes in length. It is a most
lucrative property, worth millions of dollars.
The Georgia Railroad, which was the second road built to Atlan
ta, runs from Augusta to Atlanta, 171 miles. It has several branches.
John W. Green is manager.
The Atlanta & West Point Road extends from Atlanta to West
Point, in the direction of. Alabama. New Orleans and the South
west. The distance is 87 miles. Under the long superintendency
of L, P. Grant it became famous among Southern railroads for its
freedom from accident and its promptness on schedule time.
The Central Railroad, formerly the Macon & Western, connects
Atlanta and Macon, over a line of 103 miles, and extends to Savan
nah. The Macon & Western was the third road in and out of At
lanta, A few years since it was bought by the Central, which is
managed most successfully by President Wm, Wadley and Superin
tendent Wm, Rogers.
The Air-Line, or Atlanta & Charlotte Railroad, (from Atlanta to
Charlotte 269 miles,) is now a link of the great Richmond & Dan
ville Railway. It is a magnificent road, originating in the desire to
have an "air-line" to the North and East, which it is.
The new roads in process of construction are the Georgia Pacif
ic, of which ex-Senator John B, Gordon is President, and will extend
to the Mississippi, through the inexhaustiblexoal fields of Alabama,
and it is a road which Atlanta has been trying to build for years to
supplement her coal supply. The other roads are from Atlanta to

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

75

Macon, and from Atlanta to Rome, and wiU form links of the
'Cole" system, managed by the distinguished raUroader, E. W. Cole.
The completion of these roads (and two of them will certainly be
finished within a year), will give Atlanta eight railroad lines, which
in this particular will rank Atlanta among the great cities of the
United States. It makes its railroad system and facilities abso
lutely complete. This fact alone assures to the city a constant
growth in business and population.

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SOUTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY.
The Southern Express Company has cars on all the roads. W.
H. Clayton is the Superintendent, and Wm. H. Hulbert, agent.

THE HOTELS.

There is no city in the United States better provided with hotels
than Atlanta. In fact, for years, the splendor and capacity of its
hotel accommodations were far in advance of the city's needs.

76

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

The K imball Houe is a magnificent hotel both in its proportions
and appointments, ranking in these respects among the first of the

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land.' It covers an]area 210x163 feet, nearly a whole block, and
fronting on three streets, Pryor, Decatur and Wall. It is six stories
ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

77

high and has three hundred and fifty rooms. The vestibule or of
fice floor contains a beautiful fountain surrounded by tropical plants,
and a magnificent chandelier suspended through a number of
arcades. It is under the management of Messrs. Scoville & Terry,
who have made the hotel popular and conducted it in a style com
mensurate with its rank and class.
The Markham House was built a few years later by Wm, Mark
ham, and is called a "parlor hotel" on account of its interior beauty
and comfort. It is exceedingly popular, and is first- class in every

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respect. Until lately it was under the joint management of ex-
Mayor W. A. Huff, of Macon, and Mr. Phil Brown, of the famous
Blue Ridge Spring of Virginia ; but lately Mr. Brown sold to his
78

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

partner, leaving the management entirely with Mr. Huff, who is
one of Georgia's foremost men in abUity and enterprise. The
Markham unde.' his management will be always filled with guests.
The National Hotel, though not so large as the two former,is
still not a small hotel. It has recently been enlarged by the addi
tion of a story and other improvements, and is under the manage
ment of Capt. E, T, White, The custom of the house shows that

THE NATIONAL HOTEL.

it is in great favor with the traveling public, and Capt, White is
liked by everybody who becomes his guest.
The Wilson House, one of the cosiest little hotels to be found
anywhere. Col, B. J. Wilson bought the old building and lot,
corner of Alabaraa and Pryor streets, in 1872, In 1873 he tore
down the building to the foundation and erected a new one. It has
about fifty rooms, and double parlors, Capt, Keith keeps a good
and a neat hotel, and finds no difficulty in securing a remu
nerative patronage.
The AiR-LiNE House is one of the cheaper hotels, is situated on
South Pryor street, and is kept by Mrs. Tilman.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PLACES AND GROUNDS.

A new city has rarely as raany attractions in public buildings and
grounds as an old one. Atlanta, however, is not uninteresting in
this respect.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

79

8o ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
The Capitol Building is six storieshigh, and contains all the
departments of the State Government. This building is only tem
porary, and a new one will soon be erected to cost a million or
more, for which the grounds have already been selected and plans
advertised for.
On the second floor are the Senate Chamber and Representative
HaU. In these are to be seen on the walls large portraits of dis
tinguished Georgians, including that of James Oglethorpe, the
founder of the State, as well as portraits of George Washington,
Andrew Jackson, Thomas Jefferson, and LaFayette.
The State Library is on the ground floor, and is quite extensive.
The efficient Librarian, Mr. Frank L. Haralson, keeps it in excel
lent order and it is worth the visit of any inteUigent gentleman or
lady. On the same floor wUl be found one of the special objects of in
terest in the city — the State Department of Agriculture.
It is conspicuous for its features- of instruction and information to
the stranger and the farraer. On entering the capacious and airy
hall occupied by the department, the first object which attracts at
tention is the beautiful aquarium, which is used during the spring
and summer to illustrate the varieties of carp fish and the wonder
ful rapidity with which they grow. During the faU and winter it
serves as a temporary depository for the young carp while they
are being distributed to the various ponds of the State. The facts
shown in this little aquarium have contributed in no small degree
to the interest in fish-culture which has so completely taken posses
sion of the people of the State. On either side are tables bearing
specimens of minerals and woods illustrative of the resources of
the State.
The walls are ornamented with portraits of prominent agricul
turists, pictures of fine stock, game birds and fish, and samples of
various kinds of wool.
Further on we come to the display of agricultural products prop
er. Gracefully suspended from circular pendents are samples of
the various grasses, grains and textUe 'plants grown in the State;
illustrating at once the quality and variety of the productions of the
Comraonwealth. Arranged in tiers on tables are samples of seeds
of every imaginable variety.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

A large book-case on one side of the hall exhibits the publications
of the department which are distributed free of cost to the citizens
of the State. Hundreds of thousands of books and pamphlets have
been distributed since the establishment of the department, which
has exerted, in this way, a most valuable educational influence upon
the farmers of the State, In glass cases prepared for the purpose
.are specimens of goods of various kinds, manufactured.
In still other cases are samples of commercial fertilizers taken by
inspectors under the law requiring the inspection and analysis of all
-fertilizers sold in the State. In rear of the hall an interesting and
instructive experiment is being conducted. Representative soils
were collected last spring from seven different sections of the
State, Each of them was put into eight bins or boxes two feet
square and fifteen inches deep. In collecting the soUs the subsoil
^and soil were kept separate and deposited in the bins in the posi
tion and ratio in which they were formed to the depth of one foot.
Virgin soil was taken in each case from the original forests. In
order to ascertain what element or elements of plant food each va
riety of soU needed, the foUowing test was applied to each: To
bins No. i nothing was appUed, to No. 2 phosphoric acid alone, to
No. 3 potash alone, to No. 4 ammonia alone, to No. 5 phosophate
acid and potash, to No. 6 phosophate acid and ammonia, to No. 7
potash and ammonia and to No. 8 all three combined.
This is just the experiment which every farmer needs to conduct
on his own land. The department is daily visited by many persons
in search of information, and they seldom leave unsatisfied, as the
gentlemen in charge are well informed on scientific and practical
agriculture. The Commissioner, Hon. J. T. Henderson, is a gen
tleman of liberal education and large practical experience. Mr. R.
J. Redding, the assistant commissioner, is a gentleman of fine ac
complishments and long practical experience on the farm. Mr. J. S.
Newman, editing clerk of the department, has a University educa
tion and a practical experience in every branch of husbandry, in-
. eluding grass, grain and tobacco culture and stock breeding as prac
ticed in Virginia, besides a large experience in planting and fruit
. culture in Georgia. Mr. W. B. Henderson, clerk of the Depart
ment, is a young man of good education and fine business qualifica-
. tions. Mr. W. H. HoweU is a gentleman of well-known^haracter
6

82

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

and business quaUfications. All these gentlemen take pleasure in
entertaining strangers and visitors. The department as conducted
is worthy of the great State to the development of whose resources
and industries it was established. Visitors to the city should not
fail to go through this interesting department.

GOVERNOR S MANSION, PEACHTREE STREET.
The Governor's Mansion is situated on Peachtree street and is
now occupied by Governor Alfred H. Colquitt. It was erected by Mr.
John H. James for his residence, but was bought by the State for over
a hundred thousand dollars. It is quite a democratic mansion, as the
Governor and his good wife frequently allow the ladies of the city
to have lawn and supper parties there for charitable objects.
The City Hall and park are on East Hunter street. The
building is used at present by the city government, county and city
courts. ,

ILL US TRA TED ATLANTA. 83

CITY HALL.
The international Cotton Exposition is this year (1881)
the chief attraction at Oglethorpe Park. The visitor will find in
guide-books a more detailed account. WhUe temporary in its na
ture, it is to be hoped that the buUdings or a part of them may fall
into the hands of the city for permanent use. The first suggestion
of the Exposition came from a newspaper article. Hon. Edward
Atkinson, of Boston, Massachusetts, made an address in Atlanta on
the 19th of October, 1880, on the Cultivation of Cotton, which led
to a meeting of business men, at which a Cotton Exposition was
determined upon somewhere in the South. It was Atlanta's good
fortune, after considerable discussion, to be selected. The object
is the presentation, of the various processes through which
the fleecy staple goes, from the seed to the manufactured
fabric, the cotton field and machinery resting side by side. This is

84

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

a spectacle never before ex
hibited at a fair. But the
original scope of the Exposi
tion has been greatly enlarg
ed, and embraces the wide
fields of exhibits usual to
World's Fairs. Several hun
dred thousand dollars were
subscribed in various parts
of the country for the erec
tion of buildings. The or
ganization was such as to
inspire confidence, as it was
\ composed of leading citizens
: and prominent gentlemen.
\ Senator Joseph E. Brown
\ was the first President of
\ the Executive Committee,
; but a short time before the
- opening, October 5th, was
\ succeeded by Governor Col
quitt, of this State.
Vice-Presidents, Robert
Tannehill, N. Y., W. H.
Gardner, Ala., W. C. Sibley,
Ga, Secretary, J. W, Ryck-
man, Pa,; Secretary pro. tem.,
J, R. Lewis, Ga.; Treasurer,
S. M, Inman. The Director-
Genefal is H. I, Kimball,
who is also Chairman of
the Executive Committee.
Maj. Ben. E, Crane, (Langs
ton & Crane), President of the
Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, is Chairman pro, tem, of the Execu
tive Committee, which comprises James R, Wylie, A, C, Wylie and
G. T. Dodd, wholesale grocers ; J, R. Lowry, banker ; R, F. Mad-
dox, cotton warehouseman ; W. A, Moore, M, C. Kiser and E. P.

ILL US TRA TED ATLANTA.

85

Chamberlin, wholesale dry goods ; L. P. Grant and G. J. Foreacre,
Railway Supt's. ; J. A. Fitten, hardware ; Richard Peters, Sidney
Root, E. P. HoweU, Hon. J. L. Hopkins, B. F. Abbott, T. G.

Healy, J.. C. Peck ; J. T. Henderson, Commissioner of Agriculture,
and J. F. Cummings, of Atlanta ; W. C. Neff, Cincinnati ; Edward

86 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.
Atkinson, Boston ; John H. Inman, New York ; Richard Garsed,
Philadelphia ; J. W. Paramore, St. Louis, and Cyrus Bussey, New
Orleans. Mcpherson's B arracks are in the western part of the city near
West End.
Congress passed an act on February 12th, 1872, appropriating
the sum of $100,000, to build a United States court-house and post-
office at Atlanta, Ga. In June, 1874, another act was passed, extend
ing the limits of the cost of the buUding to $250,000. Other ap
propriations were afterwards made which swelled the whole amount
up to $275,000. The site for the building was presented to the
Government, by the city of Atlanta. Ground was first broken for
the new building on the 21st of August, 1875. The style of the
building was taken from a copy of an ancient Italian villa, but
somewhat modernized, and is termed the Italian Gothic. Itis built
upon a concrete foundation composed of cement, sand, and gran
ite, and is three feet thick. Mr. T. G. Healy, of this city, has been
the able superintendent of its erection, from the commencement to
the finishing. Mr. James G. HiU, in his annual report to the U. S.
Treasury Department, says : "This building will be completed within
the limit placed upon its cost by the act of Congress, and it wiU
afford larger accommodations in proportion to its cost than any
other building under the control of this department." The lot of
land is 200x210 feet, and is bounded by Marietta street on the front,
by Farley on the west, and Forsyth on the east. The size of the
buUding is 135x75 feet, is three stories high, and is of granite, and ,
the total cost of building, as shown, was over a quarter of a million
dollars. It is used by the Post-Office, Custom House, and Reve
nue Departments, and has also a court-room and offices for the
Federal District Court.
Oglethorpe Park was laid out by the city since the war, two
mUes out on Marietta street, just outside the city limits. It has
buildings for the use of State and County fairs.
The City Water Works are a few miles out of the city,
reached via McDonough street.
Oakland Cemetery is situated on the eastern side of the city,
at the head of Hunter street. It contains the remains of several

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

87

88

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

thousand Confederate soldiers. Some very fine monuments are
to be seen there.

THE JAIL,

The Jail is in the immediate neighborhood of the City Hall,
and is a substantial building of good appearance.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

THE CHURCHES.
Atlanta may weU be called a "City of Churches," AU shades of"
religious opinions are represented. Some of the church edifices
are very handsome.
The First Baptist Church, Rev, Dr. Gwin, pastor, is lo
cated on the corner of Walton and North Forsyth streets, nearer
the centre of the city than any other house of worship.

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, WALTON STREET.
Since the accompanying view of Forsyth street was taken, the
unfinished church in the distance, the First Methodist, has been
completed, and is a most imposing structure. It is located at the
junction of Peachtree, Pryor, and Houston streets. Rev. C. A^
Evans, an ex-Confederate General, is pastor.

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, MARIETTA STREET.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

91

The Second Baptist Church is another handsome edifice,
located on the corner of Washington and Mitchell streets. The
pastor is Rev. Dr. Spalding.
The Second Methodist Church is situated on WhitehaU
street, and is also new. It is raost elegant, and accomraodates
•one of the largest memberships in the city. Rev. Dr. Heidt is the
pastor.

'^-m

The Catholic Church is a massive, cathedral-like structiire
and cost a large sum. Rev. Father O'Brien is the priest in charge.
The corner-stone was laid by the famous Southern poet-priest.
Rev. Father Ryan.
The First Presbyterian Church is on Marietta street.
The building has been recently erected, but the organization was
one of the first in Atlanta. Rev. Dr. Martin is pastor.

THE SYNAGOGUE, F OKSYTH STREET.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

93

The Synagogue is on South Forsyth street, and is one of the
most presentable buUdings of the city.
The Methodist Protestant Church is on the opposite cor
ner from the Synagogue, on South Forsyth street. Rev. W. D.
Mitchell is the pastor.

METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, PORSYTH STREET.
St. Phillips Episcopal Church, now in process of erection,
is a triumph of architectural beauty. It is located on the corner
of Washington and Hunter streets. Rev. Dr. Foute is the rector.
It is in front of the grounds donated by the city for the new State
Capitol, and will be an ornament to them.
These are leading church edifices, but there are other tasteful
and commodious ones in the city.

94

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

SECOND METHODIST CHURCH, WHITEHALL STREET.

FIRST METHODIST CHURCH, PEACHTREE STREET.

<96 ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA .

MEDICAL COLLEGES.
Atlanta has become quite a medical centre, having a number of
-Medical Colleges and medical journals estabUshed in it. The num-
¦ber of students yearly matriculated is quite large, and is constantiy
increasing. The Southern Medical College is located in the heart of the
¦city, within 200 yards of the Union Passenger Depot, and the leadiag
Jiotelsof the city; within 50 yards of a number of good boarding

SOUTHERN MEDICAL COLLEGE.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

97

houses and of the junction of the street-car lines from every part of
the city. The building is commodious, elegant and convenient, and
contains all the modern appliances and improvements for a first-
class regular medical institution. Its Board of Trustees, as seen
in the list below, numbers eighteen gentlemen of enlarged and
progressive views ; among whom are a number of the best and
most active business men in the city, and also a number of distin
guished Georgians residing in different parts of the State.
The Board of Trustees consists of Dr. Thomas S. Powell, Presi
dent, Hon. D. W. Lewis, Judge S. B. Hoyt, G. T. Dodd, Rev.
C. M. Irwin, Mr. A. F. Hurt, Rev. David E, Butler, W. T. Gold
smith, M, D„ Mr, J, J, Toon, Hon, Alex, H. Stephens, Rev, W. F.
Cook, Rev. A J, Battle, LL,D., Rev. H. H. Parks, R. C. Word M.
D„ Rev, H, C, Hornady, Mr. W. W. McAfee, Mr. John H, Flynn,
and G. M. McDoweU, M. D.
The Board has established this institute with special reference to
the great advantages of Atlanta, present and prospective, as a
great Southern medical centre, and with the avowed object of ad
vancing medical science and elevating the standard of the profes
sion in the So^hern States.
The curriculum of study in the Southern Medical College
covers a wider range than many institutions in this country. The
lectures are able and instructive ; the museum attractive ; the cUn-
ical and anatomical advantages excellent, and all the facilities exist
for imparting a thorough medical education.
Lectures in this institution open annuaUy between the loth and
1 5th of October, and continue about five months. Parties desir
ing to see the annual catalogue with full particulars of the school,
will address, W. P. Nicolson, Dean, Atlanta, Ga,
The Georgia Eclectic Medical College is the second
oldest medical institution in Atlanta, The faculty is composed of
John R, Borland, M, D. Emeritus Professor of the Institutes of
Medicine ; Stephen T. Biggers, M. D. Emeritus Professor of Ob
stetrics and Diseases of Women and Children; Hon.O, A. Lochrane
LL. D„ Emeritus Professor of Medical Jurisprudence ; W. P.
Haller Fishburn, M. D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of
Surgery and Operative Surgery, Professor of Medical Jurispru-

THE GEORGIA ECLECTIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, BUTLER STREET.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

99

dence ; Joel F. Hammond, M. D., Professor of Clinical Medicine ;
Joseph Adolphus, M. D., Professor of Physiology and Pathology,
Professor of Dislocations and Fractures ; I. J. M. Goss, A. M„ M.
D. LL, D„ Professor of Materia Medica", Professor of the Science
and Practice of Medicine; H. R. Jewitt, A, M„ Professor of Chem
istry and Toxicology; John A. Goss, A. M., M. D.. Professor of
Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and ChUdren ; Thomas W.
Dean, M. D., Professor of General Descriptive and Surgical Anato
my ; John B. Liddell, M. D,, Demonstrator of Anatomy,

THE REFORM MEDICAL COLLEGE, BROAD STREET.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

The college building is located on Butler street, near the Georgia
Railroad, and is well arranged for its purposes.
The Reform Medical College has a new buUding just erec
ted on the corner of Broad and Walton streets, in the very heart of
the city. The Faculty is thus constituted : J. M. Comings, M. D.,
Professor Anatomy and Surgery ; J. T. Cox, M. D., Professor
Physiology and Pathology ; S. F. Salter, M. D., Professor Theory
and Practice ; Jos. D. Friend, M. D., Professor Obstetrics and Dis
eases of Women and Children ; W. C. Jones, M. D. Professor
Chemistry and Toxicology ; John Kost, M. D., Professor Materia
Medica and Therapeutics. Dr. Salter is Secretary of the Faculty.

THE PUBLIC CHARITIES.
In the cities of the South there never has been such a de
mand for benevolence and charity on account of destitution
as in the northern and eastern sections of the country. The ab
sence of beggary was a noted fact till war and its devastation
brought their changes. Hence great public charities have not had
such progress here as in the North. But the poor and the suffer
ing have always been taken care of ; especially is this true in At
lanta. Benevolent associations and relict societies have long
been in existence. There are several that maybe mentioned.
Atlanta Hospital and Benevolent Home. — In January;
1874, a movement was made by the women of Atlanta, 'which re
sulted in what was called the Atlanta Benevolent Association, the
object of which was to provide a temporary "home for destitute and
helpless women and chUdren, to aid women and girls out of em
ployment in finding suitable work, and also, as soon as practicable,
to give free instruction in industrial pursuits, thereby enabling such
persons to become self-supporting and useful." Practically, the
matter took a turn which was not at first anticipated, as will appear
in the sequel. For a time the ladies carried on their benevolent
work in rented buildings, and on a comparatively small scale. Still
they afforded shelter and support to a large number of destitute
women and chUdren. No records were kept, and it is impossible
to tell the number of their beneficiaries, but probably there' were

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

in all several hundred. After most persistent and heroic effort, the
ladies succeeded in raising $4000,00 with which they purchased from
Hon, W. L. Calhoun the two buUdings Nos, 79 and 81, East Ala
bama street, and here they greatly enlarged their sphere of opera
tions. In March, 1881, they, of their own accord, turned over their
property and the entire management of the institution, to which
common custom had given the name of "The Ladies' Benevolent
Home," to a board of trustees, whose names are as foUows :
President, Henry H. Tucker; Vice-President, John MUledge;
Secretary, H. Cranston ; Treasurer, David Mayer ; John H. Fitten,
G, T, Dodd, S, M, Inman, John Flynn,
When these gentlemen took charge of the institution, its name
was changed, and it is now caUed The Atlanta Hospital and Be
nevolent Home. Its objects are also changed correspondingly with
the name. There are two departments, one called the Hospital
Department, the other caUed the Home Department. The former
receives all sick or disabled persons sent by the Mayor of the city,
and up to the present time, (September, 1881) has never failed to
afford sufficient accomodations for all that have been sent, and the
Mayor never sends those needing Hospital treatment who fall
into his hands, to any other institution or place. From this, the
appropriateness of the name — the Atlanta Hospital — will be appa
rent. Medicines and medical treatment are supplied by the city, and
for the lodging, diet, nursing, attendance, &c., the City Council pay
to the institution $75,00 per month. Patients remain in the Hos
pital until discharged by the city physician in attendance.
In the Home Department persons who are objects of charity are
admitted at the discretion of the trustees, or of an officer appointed
by them, and are discharged by the President when he thinks
proper. It is not intended as a permanent home for any one, though
usually no definite period of stay is fixed. No charge is made for
board, lodging, medicines or medical attendance ; everything is
furnished gratis. The institution is sustained by voluntary dona
tions from the citizens. It is not denominational ; persons of aU
religious persuasions unite in its support. Men are received as well
as women and children. When paupers are sent from other cities
or counties, to be supported by this institution, they are promptly

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

sent back to the place whence they came. The average number of
inmates per day throughout the year is about twenty-five, includ
ing those in both departments.
For the present, as will be seen from what is above stated, the
Hospital accommodation is sufficient for the need of the city. As
the population increases, more room will be required. The prop
erty of the institution, bought by the ladies for S4000.00 has^greatly
increased in value, and will doubtless continue to increase, as it is
in the very heart of the city, not one minute's walk from the car-
shed. At the proper time, this property will probably be sold at a
large advance on its cost, and a new building, larger and more suit
able, will be erected.
It is only a just recognition to record here the fact that to the pres
ent Vice-President and former President, Captain John Milledge, is
due large praise for his great devotion to the work. He contributed
much time to it, notwithstanding his official duties as Recorder of
the city, and assisted the ladies greatly in securing a buUding.
St. Joseph's Hospital is under charge of the Sisters of Mercy.
The building which they own was erected originally for an Eye In
firmary, and is therefore, well suited for hospital purposes. Per
sons of all religious creeds are admitted.

LIBRARIES.

There are two leading library asssociations in the city. The
Young Men's Library Association has a newly erected building on
Decatur street, in the immediate vicinity of the Kimball and Mark
ham hotels. The building is a very handsome one, costing about
thirty thousand dollars. The Association was organized in 1867
with about sixteen members, as stated in Part First of this book. It
now has over eight hundred members and its own building. Each
succeeding board felt the pressing ambition to do something to ad
vance the institution, and so year by year it made progress, and all
had a share in the crowning success. In 1880 the buUding was
dedicated, and President Julius L. Brown delivered an address, in
which, speaking of the benefits, he said : "In 1867, when those six
teen young men, the honored founders of this Association began

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.! 103
their good work Atlanta, with a population of less than one-half its
present number, had no public schools for the chUdren and no
libraries for the adults. But Atlanta did have a police force nearly
double that of to-day, and she expended more money to preserve
order and protect property than it does to-day with schools, coUeges
and libraries, within her boundaries."
The library has now some 10,000 volumes upon its shelves, and
numerous fine paintings. Mr. Brown accomplished a great work
for the Ubrary, and makes a pardonabl? expression of pride in the
dedicatory address in these words : "They who founded this Asso
ciation felt that the city needed it, and some of us who have fol
lowed in their footsteps have for years anxiously looked forward to
the day when the library should have a home of its own, when
it would have an independent revenue of its own to be applied to
the purchase of books, and to the days when there should be no
dues required. It is my happy privilege, thank God, to say that
during my administration the first step has been taken, that we are
now in our own home and are no longer tenants and strangers in
the houses of others.''
"To his board of directors, and preceding directors, great credit is
likewise due, for each had a part to perform in the work culminating
in the grand result.
In 1877 the Catholic Library Association organized. Its
present officers are Peter Lynch, President ; John Stephens, Vice-
President ; Wm. Dowling, Secretary ; and the directors are John J.
Lynch, John J. Falvey, J. J. Duffy, John M. Graham, M. Bowdin,
A. Jordan, M. E. Maher and M. Mahoney. The library is located
in the basement of the Catholic church, and contains quite a large
collection of books for its age.

YOUNG MENS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.
This Association is in a very flourishing condition. Its rooms
are very p easant and comfortable, situated at 49 1-2 White
hall street. It has one hundred and fifty active members. Its ob
ject is the elevation of the moral character of young men by oppo
sition to evil influences, by personal attentions, invitations to the

ATLANTA CUSTOM HOUSE j

1 i^^i^

4i4 £

e'g s I

ST-OFFICE, MARIETTA STREET.

io6 ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA.
•churches, and otherwise. Having committees for various depart
ments of duty, they work in the jail. National Surgical Institute
and in the Hospitals. They seek out strangers and look after them,
and sit up with and take care of the sick, Mr. Walter Brown was
the first President, and has been largely instrumental in its success.
Mr, W, Woods White is the present President, and Walter E.
Lewis, General Secretary,

ATLANTA POST-OFFICE,
Elsewhere is given a description of the splendid building of the
Atlanta post-office. In the m.atter of business it is now one of the
first in the country, Ex-Governor Benjamin Conley is the post
master, and has raanaged the office not only efficiently, but to the_
great satisfaction of men of all poUtical parties, Mr, J. S. Nail is
the assistant post-master, cashier and chief of the money order de
partment, and is the man for the place. The employees are Louis
Seldner, registry clerk, W. H. Howard, assistant; Wallace Rhodes
mailing clerk; D. A. Shumate, assistant; Frank Mills, distributing
clerk; W. F. Mills, assistant; B. A. Stout, general delivery clerk;
Miss Libbie B. TuUer, starap cleri; and Charles D. TuUer, money
•order clerk.

STREET RAILROADS.
The City is pretty well supplied with means of locomotion. The
Atlanta Street railroad has eleven miles of track and runs six lines.
In 1 87 1 the company organized, the object being to establish a line
to West End, the citizens of that suburb subscribing liberally. G.
W. Adair, Richard Peters, John H. James, B. E. Crane, and others
subscribed .* 14,000, but $24,000 were needed, and Col. Adair
promptly undertook to become personaUy responsible for the ex
cess. So the road was built, and September 8th, 1881, the West-

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. . 107
End line was completed to McPherson Barracks and the first car
commenced running. Shortly after books were opened to build
roads on Peachtree, Marietta and Decatur streets. Adair canvassed
Peachtree, but raised only three or four hundred dollars. Adair
and Peters then determined to take all the stock; these roads were
buUt and others, including an extension from the Peachtree line to
Ponce DeLeon Springs, about ij miles, spanning a creek by a
bridge 270 feet long and 40 feet high, the whole extension being
accomplished in 38 working days, Mr, Adair took the manage
ment and Mr. Peters the construction. Cars commenced run
ning on the Marietta street line January 14th, 1872 ; on the Deca
tur line. May 3rd, 1872 ; on the the Ponce DeLeon, August 8th,
1872 ; on the Taylor HiU, March 30th, 1873 ; on the McDonough,
street Une May, 26th, 1873 ; and on the Whitehall street line Feb
ruary 15th, 1874, The total cost of these Unes, including construc
tion and equipment, is nearly $200,000, The lines all start from
the vicinity of Whitehall street railroad-wossing, near the Depot
and Hotels, and cars start every fifteen minutes. The time made
is much faster than that usually made in Northern cities. The
present officers are, Richard Peters, President, Edward Peters, Su
perintendent, and J. W, Culpepper, Treasurer, Col. Richard Peters
owns a controlling interest of the stock.
It is unnecessary to speak of the vast benefits to Atlanta resul
ting frora this great enterprise, for the inception and completion of
which the people of Atlanta are indebted to Richard Peters and G.
W, Adair, The management is and- always has been excellent.
The Gate City Street Railroad Company, — Organized
May, 28th, 1 88 1 by the election of qfficers. It commences oppo
site the Markham House on Wall street, runs to Pryor street, thence
by the Kimball House to Wheat street, thence to Jackson, out Jack
son to Nolan, out Nolan to Boulevard, and thence to Angier Springs
and Ponce DeLeon, making a beautiful and interesting route. Ar
rangements are making to build other lines. The present manage
ment is composed of M. B. Weed, President ; John Stephens, Sec
retary and Treasurer ; L. DeGive, L. B. Nelson, A. M. Reinhardt,
John Stephens and M. B. Weed, Directors.

lo8

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS.
The Atlanta Health Institute is located on West Peters street, on
the most elevated site in Atlanta, in a beautiful home, surrounded
with most tastefully arranged and well-shaded grounds. Its pro
cesses are known as the Hygienic, Movement and Electrical Water
Cure. It is in charge of U. O. Robertson, M. D., Physician and

THE ATLANTA HEALTH INSTITUTE.

Surgeon ; M. F. Horine, M. D., Assistant Physician and Manager ;
Mrs. U. O. Robertson, M. D., Lady Physician and Matron. Chronic
diseases are treated with large success.
The National Surgical Institute is located on Alabama street.
Elsewhere will be found a description of this splendid institution.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 109

THE NATIONAL SURGICAL INSTITUTE.
-The merits of this institution are such, and the people of Atlan-
;ta accord it so high a place among the grand enterprises of the
city, that a separate article is devoted to it. "To see it is well worth
the time of every visitor to the city. It is an institution from which
Ufe-long cripples come forth cured, and where hideous deformities
,are removed. Since its establishment here it has cured thousands-
; many of these cases apparently hopeless, and by ordinary medical'
-,treatment really incurable. Said a gentleman to a lady: "This is
.certainly a most beneficent institution, and many cures wrought by
it are indeed remarkable," "Undoubtedly" was the lady's prompt
reply, adding the testimony of her own personal observation in sub-
stantiaUy these words : "Not long since I saw on Whitehall street,
walking ^rm in arm, a brother and sister, who had grown to years
,of maturity without taking a step till they came to the Institute."
The building occupied by it is one of the largest and most com-
;modious in the city, five stories high, and located on the corner of
Alabama and Pryor streets, in sight of the Passenger Depot and
,the leading hotels. The upper stories, devoted to lodging,^ are
ibisected by wide and spacious halls which furnish ample room for
exercise and pure, fresh air.
Upon the second floor are situated the offices, machinery rooms
and various operating departments. Crossing a wide hall from
the double doored entrance at the head of the stairway, the visitor
is ushered into the office. From this there is direct communica
tion with the library, laboratory, and a weU lighted apartment for
surgical operations. Here are kept the very best surgical instru
ments, known to medical science and practice, though it is the prac
tice of the Institute to use them only in cases of absolute necessity,
relying largely upon their methods of restoring and developing the
physical man by mechanical appliances, electro-thermal and vapor
baths, manipulations and proper exercising. Upon another side
from the central office there is entrance to the roora for the treat-

NATIONAL SURGICAL INSTITUTE^ ALABAMA pTREpT,

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

ment of ladies, who are attended by an exceUent and loag-experi-
enced matron. Adjoining this is the ladies' reception parlor which
is often used by the Young Men's Christian Association for hold
ing reUgious services. We pass the maiUng and correspondence
department wherein fifty or sixty letters of inquiry are often
received in a day and answered. The visitor now finds him
self in a large broad apartment in the midst of machinery, braces,.
mechanical movements and appliances of numerous kinds, and a
first-class gymnasium.
The engine room opens from this hall, in which is situated an
eight horse-power engine to drive all the various machines, com
plicated raachinery and movements. This opens into the work
shop — Vulcan's forge — where Dr. J. C. AUensworth and his as
sistants manufacture into the exactly needed shapes the appli
ances used in the institution. This institution does not import ap
pliances ready made, but takes the measure of each case and manu
factures to suit it. Conveniently near Dr. AUensworth is the sketch
book, where bodies and lirabs are outlined, with notes indicating
where straightening is needed at this point or rounding out at that.
Near by are the various baths, Russian Vapor, Electro-Thermal,
and others. The electrical apparatus is so arranged as to charge
the bath with the degree of electricity desired.
The business is conducted with the perfect method that charac
terizes the operations of every department. Here is to be seen a
collection of extracts from letters from parties expressive of their
opinions of the Institute. It is true that the Institute is already
abundantly endorsed and by the best men of the State, but there is
a peculiarity about these letters, which make their endorsement
much stronger than ordinary certificates. It is this feature — the
writers were answering letters of inquiry from afflicted persons
and did not expect their sentiments to be seen by the managers of
the institute.
They are powerful recomendations, sufficient to satisfy any in
telligent person of the remai kable capacity and success of this In
stitute. From Florida is a letter from a gentleman stating that
his daughter was cured of clubfoot and is perfectly well. A North
Carolina gentleman states that he was told that an afflicted limb
never would be so strong as the other, but it could be restored and

ILL USTRA TED . A TLANTA.

-would do him good service. An Alabama gentleman writes that
from his experience he is satisfied that the Institute can treat all de
formities successfuUy. A South Carolina letter declares that the
surgeons are all gentlemen and of acknowledged ability. Another
lady writes that there need be no "fear of imposition." A gentle
man from South Carolina writes to an inquirer, "the surgeons are
gentlemen, I would not hesitate to send there my wife and daugh
ter.' But we have not space or time to quote further. These state
ments suffice to show the character of the institution and the men
who run it. They do not undertake to cure every case, they are
frank in their statements, they are reasonable in their charges, and
they can cure all deformities that are curable. That is the testimony
in brief.
The management of the Institute consists of D-. C. L. Wilson,
surgeon in charge. Dr. K. H. Boland, business manager and treas
urer, and Dr. C. A. Wilson, with assistants. The institution has
received the strongest endorsements from leading citizens of Atlan
ta and the State, including Senator Joseph E. Brown, and the State
Treasurer who declares it "a great public benefit to have such an
institution in Georgia." But the highest endorsement comes from
the thousands of men, women and chUdren scattered all over rhe
South, who have been cured by it. It is a public blessing, and in
formation of it can not be too widely disseminated. Few persons
are aware of the enormous number of cripples and deformed un
fortunate there are in every State. To these all good people,
informed of the fact, shou'd convey the intelligence that there
exists in Atlanta a scientific institution which has the largest collec
tion in the South of mechanical appUances and scientific means for
the cure of deformities and chronic diseases, and these appliances
and means are operated with skill aided by long experience.

FULTON COUNTY COURT-HOUSE,
Now in course of erection, is situated near the center of the city,
on the corner of Prior and Hunter street. Itis rapidly approach
ing completion, and within a year the county of Fulton will have

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

113

a "Palace of Justice" of which she may well be proud. It is being
built under the supervision of Judge Daniel Pittman, assisted by a
committee of prominent gentlemen, and it will be a magnificent

FULTON COUNTY COURT-HOUSE,

and imposing structure — indeed it is said that it will be the finest
and most substantial building of the kind in the South.

114 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
The total cost, including heating, etc., will probably be between
ninety and one hundred thousand dollars. The cost of the United
States' Custom House was about three hundred thousand dollars,
and our Court House will compare favorably with it in point of du-
rabUity, and will be superior to it in beauty of architecture. Much
credit is due to Judge Pittman for the inception and beauty of this
edifice, and for many public improvements in city and county while
he was Ordinary. He spanned our streams with fine bridges ; and
gave to the poor of the county a comfortable alms-house ; his man
agement of the county chain-gang was excellent ; he beautified the
City Hall lot, and gave to the city her pleasant park.

THE COTTON TRADE.
The cotton trade has now become one of the city's strongest
supports. Ten years ago Atlanta was not even recognized as a
cotton market. The receipts in 1867, were about 17,000 bales. A
few years later the receipts began steadily increasing, reaching 20,-
000 bales, then 32,000, then 55,000, then 65,000, and in the year
1877, reaching 90,000, and in 1881, reaching 130,060 bales. Not
recognized as a cotton market ten years ago, Atlanta is now the
third largest interior receiving point in the South. These facts
alone would justify the stateraent, that, in a few years, Atlanta wiU
handle 200,000 bales annuaUy. But there are other reasons for the
statement. The section imraediately tributary to Atlanta is enlarg
ing, both in area and production, and the city is every year acquir
ing greater facUities for the trade, in the way of large compresses,
low freights, and through bills of lading to Liverpool. It has, also,
the needful capital and men. One firm, that of S. M. Inman & Co.,
handles the largest business done by any firm of interior buyers in
the South, and are only exceeded by a few houses in the ports of the
United States. They do at least two-thirds of the business passing
through Atlanta. To them is largely due the rapid growth of the
Atlanta cotton market, for they had the capital, enterprise, and
ability necessary to accomplish it.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 1 1 5

EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS.
The educational facilities of Atlanta compare favorably with
those of any other city.
The Public Schools of the city, organized ten years ago, are
of a high character, embracing a High School system for both sexes.
The buildings are large, commodious and conveniently located, one
or more in every ward of the city.
Besides the Public Schools, there are numerous private schools
of a high order, and well patronized. There are also several Col
leges. The Atlanta Female College is a flourishing institution.
Its principal and founder is Mrs. W. J. Ballard, who is in every
sense quaUfied to preside over it. So popular is she, that a num
ber of citizens raised sufficient capital to erect upon the leading
residence street, a most elegant college building, upon the most im
proved and thorough plan, and which will soon be finished. The
faculty is large, and is composed of educators of established repu
tation. The negro population is well cared for. They not only have their
public schools, but also several collegiate institutions, Atlanta Uni
versity, Clark University, and others.
Moore's Business University is the leading business coUege
of the South, and has been established over twenty-five years. The
teaching of this college is such that a young man steps forth from
it prepared to conduct extensive business, for, he has been actively
engaged in business from the day he entered the institution. This
js one of the features of the institution that a regular system of
business is carried on by every student. One who steps into the
institution at once is attracted to this fact, that business operations
are actively going on, buying and selling, negotiating paper, bal
ancing books, shipping goods, receiving consignments, etc.
The coUege is now in full working order, well suppUed with
teachers, and has a patronage reaching into the Far West. The

Il6 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
President, B. F. Moore, is not only an accomplished educator, but
a gentleman in the fullest sense, who is very popular with the peo
ple of Atlanta, and with all his students. No better or more prac
tical business education can be obtained anywhere in the United
States than in this city, and the fact is pretty widely known.

THE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS.
Atlanta is now one of the largest distributing points South for
fertilizers, nearly all the manufacturers in the United States having
general agents here, and she is also making rapid strides as a manu
facturing centre.
In 1876 Messrs Geo. W. Scott & Co., who have been for many
years connected with the development of the Charleston Phos
phates, started in this city, the manufactory of their now Famous
Brand " Gossypium. "Their business has grown to such propor
tions that they have this season completed a new factory with a
capacity of eight to ten thousand ions ; and they and their friends
are now preparing to start a Cotton Seed Oil Mill — cotton-seed
meal being an important ingredient in these fertilizers.
The Pendelton Guano Company are also erecting new works
which wilU greatly increase their capacity.
The Georgia Chemical & Mining Company have just completed
one of the best equipped works in the country, including four im
mense acid chambers. These works are under the skillful man
agement of Prof. N. A. Pratt, who is recognized as one of the lead
ing agricultural chemists of the age. They will burn sulphur from
the copper and iron pyrites that abound in this section, and thus
furnish the manufacturers with an ample supply ol pure sulphuric
acid. This corapany will also grind phosphates by Pratt's new
acid process.
Situated about midway between the Phosphate Beds of the Caro
lina coast and the great slaughter-pens of the Northwest — from
which comes the ammoniacal material, with sulphuric acid, extrac
ted from the minerals of her own hills, with cotton-seed meal pre
pared from the seed of her surrounding farms, and with the mod
erate freight rates arranged by the raUroad commissioners At-

ILL US TRA TED A TLAN TA. 117
lanta is,indeed, well equipped for furnishing the farmers of Georgia
and adjoining States the very best and purest feriiligers at the
lowest possible prices, and thus retain a large amount of money in
her borders, to be paid back to her own people, for labor and sup
plies.

ANNUAL BUSINESS.
The combination of enterprise and superior commercial facilities
has made Atlanta the supply market of a gradually widening area
of country. Its wholesale business and manufactures now pene
trate all surrounding States, and frequently into sections beyond.
Some indication of the extent and superior sweep of its trade is
found in the official statement, that there is, in weight, more origi
nal mail matter handled in the Atlanta post-office than in the post-
office of any other Southern city — excelling even New Orleans ; the
statement also showing this other remarkable fact, that, in the
weight of original mail matter, which has nearly doubled in the last
year, there are only fifteen cities in the United States ahead of At
lanta. Its great factories and mammoth wholesale establishments
are not surpassed in capacity anywhere in the South. There is not
a want of society or of trade, which it does not supply. The sales
of the last year aggregated about $50,000,000. Notices of some
of our immense estabhshments wiU be found elsewhere.

MANUFACTURES.
Among the many interests which, since the close of the war,
have experienced new life and great development, is that of manu
facturing ; indeed, so great has been the progress, that Atlanta is
now, unquestionably, the leading manufacturing city of the State,
in the variety and value of its manufactures. Manufacturing es
tablishments are numerous, including foundries and machine shops,
agricultural and terra-cotta works, ice factories, rolling mill, paper
mills, tobacco factories, candy and cracker factories, and two cot
ton factories. The manufacture of agricultural implements is con
ducted on a mammoth scale.

ii8

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

119

\

r^\

«

^ -•

I

'>*n? « •»-

I

I

One of the largest cotton factories South has been built, and is
supplied with 10,000 spindles, and all necessary machinery. It is
in operation under the management of R, B, Bullock, and the Su
perintendency of George B, Harris, and employs about six hun
dred hands. Mr, W. S. Zellars, of Palmetto, furnished the first ten
bales of cotton used by the factory, and took payment in stock.
When cotton spin
ning in the South is ,
spoken of, Georgia
comes to the front as a
leading Southern State
in this department of
industry. People, how
ever, are inclined to
look upon Augusta and
Columbus as our man
ufacturing centres. It
is not generally known,
that in .Atlanta, and
within a radius of
twenty miles around
this city, there is cotton
machinery having a
capacity to spin twenty
thousand bales a year.
This is about what
Columbus consumes,
and half as much as jj
Augusta. 1
Besides this, there is r«
a shoal on the Chatta
hoochee, within a few - -. -..-j-
miles of the city, where it is contemplated soon to make a large
preparation for machinery, in the way of a dam and canal, which

'r

• » - -

4, ^

I

.dlMfJ

wiU give a water-power almost, if not fully, equal to that of Colum
bus or Augusta.l: It is confidently expected that within a few years
there wUl be several mills erected at this point, and that Atlanta
wiU have more spindles in its vicinity than any other city in the

PRESIDENT- HAYES SPEA)

•9 'J^ *"<-<s_
IN. FRONT OF THE MARKHAM HOUSE,

122 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
-State. But Atlanta is independent of water-power, as it has an
-exhaustless coal supply to run its machinery by steam, and already
has one of the largest cotton factories in the South in operation, be-
-sides. The Tennessee and Alabaraa coal is sufficiently near for
-Supply, but we have in Georgia two mines, the Dade and Castle
Rock, which ship daily about thirty car-loads, which are not one-
half their capacity. These mines are operated by the Dade Coal
Company, and are able to furnish Georgia with an indefinite sup
ply. The Castle Rock coal is an excellent coal for domestic use,
-and is extensively used in the city, and being nearer to market than
any other, is correspondingly cheaper. But the Dade coal is the
¦coal for steam and iron making, and is said to have no superior.
Its great excellence for this purpose is attested by the following
analysis, from the great coal analyser, J. Blodgett Brittain : Fixed
carbon 65,88, volatile combustible matter 25,58, ash 7.56, moisture
.98 ; the percentage of coke being 73.44, and the sulphur in 100
parts of coke being only .ii. General McRae, John H. Flynn, and
the Georgia Railroad authorities, use this Dade Coal in large quan
tities for steam, and give it the highest character. With an un
limited supply of coal at this place, we have one great reason why
Atlanta is becoming a great manufacturing centre ; and we doubt
not that in time the manufacture of locks bolts, hinges, knives, etc.,
wUl be added to our present products. It is also an advantage not
to be overlooked that these mines and coal lands belong to Georgia
companies, who have displayed the largest UberaUty in the sale of
coal, and in contributions to manufacturing enterprises — having
subscribed five thousand dollars to our cotton factory alone — and
-we have a guarantee of the continuance of this policy, in the char-
.acter of the officers of these companies, who are: of the Dade, Jo
seph E. Brown, President ; Julius L. Brown, Vice-President ; C, D,
Watson, Treasurer, and B, E, Wells, Superintendent; of the
Castle Rock Company, Julius L. Brown, President, and W, C. Mor
rill, Treasurer.
Another large manufacture has been started within a few years ,
that of fertilizers. This branch of business has grown to such
dimensions that a separate article is devoted to it.
The Atlanta Rolling MUl employs from five to six hundred
hands, and the annual sales of its products exceed a half mUlion

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

123

-dollars. Its capacity is about eighty tons of rails and forty tons of
bar iron per day. The rail made by it is said by competent railroad
men to be equal to the steel rail. It is now under the superin
tendency of Grant Wilkins, and manufactures rails, bar, and bridge
iron, spikes, bolts, fish plates, etc.
There are several
foundries and machine
shops, exclusive of
-those of the different
railroad companies.
Prominent among
these are the machine
'works of E. Van
Winkle & Co., which
furnishes cotton
presses, saw and cane a
mills, and agricultural h
machinery in general, g
The cotton press and n
-cotton gin feeder, ^
known as Van Win- ^
-kle's, have a wide rep- >«
utation. "
The iron foundry
of W. S. Withers, on
the corner of Calhoun
street and Georgia
Railroad, manufac
tures all kinds of cast
ings, fencing, grates,
etc., turning out most
exceUent work.
One of the new and greatest manufacturing industries of Atlan
ta is that of the terra-cotta works, established by Pelligrini & Cas-
tleberry. Artificial stone is made, which to a very great extent,
serves all purposes of the natural stone. Ornamental work for
(buildings, such as cornices, window caps, and sills, and the like, is

124

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

largely manufactured, and may be seen upon our prominent busi
ness structures and private residences ; also vases and ornamental
articles for halls and gardens. This firm is making a very large
quantity of pipe for the city authorities for sewers.
The manufacturing of candy and crackers has grown into tre
mendous proportions, and supplies a wide section of the country.
The manufacturing establishment of Jack & Holland is well and
very extensively known.
There are two paper mills. The Sugar Creek Mills, of Wm
McNaught & Co, manufacture nearly a half million pounds pef
annum.

THE SUGAR CREEK PAPER MILLS,
Mr, James M. Ormond has also fine mills near the city, which,
makes newspaper used in many States, South and West.
It is safe to state that the manufactured products of Atlanta, in
value, amount annually to eight raillions of dollars, and give em
ployment to several thousand hands.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

125

THE WHOLESALE TRADE.
Within the last five years the wholesale trade of Atlanta has as-
;sumed enormous proportions.

In, dry goods alone the annual sales now swell to nearly ten mill-
¦ions of dollars. Our leading houses, such as M. C. &. J. F. Kiser
.& Co., Moore, Marsh & Co., and John Silvey & Co., in the amount

1 26 ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA .
of capital invested, and the mammoth proportions of their business,
are not excelled south of Baltimore. Take, for instance, the first
mentioned house, M. C. &. J. F. Kiser & Co. They occupy an en
tire buUding of four floors, including basement. In these four sto
ries is gathered a little world of dry goods, in aU varieties, and of
articles connected with that trade. A purchasing merchant could
not call for an article which would not be instantly forthcoming.
Their annual sales reach one miUion dollars.
The wholesale grocery business is nearly as large, and there are
equally great houses in it. James R. Wylie, Langston & Crane,.
A. C. & B, F, Wyly, Fuller & Oglesby, Dunn, Alexander & Co.,.
carry an immense trade.

METROPOLITANISM.
There is no greater evidence of the position assumed by the city
of Atlanta in the estimation of the whole country, than its popu
larity as a place of holding National conventions. It is a "City of
Conventions." In all the land there is no other that surpasses it in this
particular. Its geographical position, and political importance have-
long since made it the meeting place of all State conventions ; but
in late years it has become the favorite of National bodies for the-
holding of annual or biennial conventions. It has had the Interna
tional Sunday School Convention, Masonic and Odd FeUows' Con
ventions, raUroad conventions, conventions of the leading religious
bodies in the United States; indeed it is safe to say that, taking the
year round, there is an average of at least one State and National-
convention a week. It thus becomes the theatre of prominent Na
tional events, and it has been the scene of a special visit from the-
President of the United States himself. The visit of President
Hayes a few years since, and his speech from the verandah of the
Markham House, wiU be remembered. It has also enjoyed the
presence of one of the largest gatherings of the volunteer soldiery
of the country. All this proves that Atlanta has reached the rank
of a real metropolis.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

127-

BANKING CAPITAL.
In speaking of the commercial crisis, it was stated that not a.
single bank in Atlanta was overwhelmed. This fact proclaimed
volumes in praise of their management and solid status. That an
idea may be had of Atlanta's strength in the way of banking insti
tutions and capital, the leading banks, together with some of the-
prominent businessmen and capitalists in their management, will
be noted.
The Atlanta National
Bank, with that great finan
cier at its head. President
A. Austell, has a capital of
$200,000. Among the direc
tors are such men as W. B
.Cox, W. J. Garrett, S. M
Inman, and R. H. Richards
The Merchants' Bank of
Atlanta, formerly State
National Bank, has a capital
of i 200,000. Campbell Wai
lace, a distinguished ex-rail
road manager and capital
ist, is the President, and W
A. Moore, senior member p
of the great house of Moore
Marsh & Co., is Vice-Presi
dent, and among the direc
tors and other officers, are J
Jas. R. Wylie, J. H. Porter
Ben. E. Crane, CUnton I
Brown, Geo. Winship and'i
W. D. Luckie. This bank
jn 1877, erected a hand
some building of its own on ™e merchants' bank.
Alabama street. The Bank of the State of Georgia has a capital of
nearly $200,000. There are other State and National banks, and two

128

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

strong private banks, those of John H. James, and Messrs W, M.
&. R. J. Lowry. In these banks there is a capital of nearly a million
and a half.

CAPITAL OF THE STATE.
By a vote of the people on December 5th, 1877, Atlanta was made
the permanent Capital of the State. This adds largely to the influ
ences tending to the continual growth and prosperity of the city,
.making it the home of the Governor and other officers of the State

THE STATE CAPITOL.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 129
government, and the seat of aU State conventions, political, com
mercial and indtistrial, thereby creating a source of very great
revenue. Illustrations are given of the present Capitol and Gov
ernor's Mansion. But the State will doubtless soon begin the erec
tion of a new Capitol buUding upon a magnificent site presented
by the city. The overwhelming majority — 43,946 — by which the
people of Georgia expressed their preference for Atlanta is a home
estimate of its worth and advantages. In his management of the
campaign for Atlanta, the present Mayor, J. W. English, deserved
high praise, and received a public testimonial from citizens in the
¦shape of a massive silver salver. The location of the Capitol at
Atlanta is, however, but one of many causes operating to centre
upon it the attention, interest and affections of the people of Geor
gia.

POPULATION.
Atlanta is now considerably the largest city in the State. Its
population proper is something over forty thousand ; but the im
mediate suburbs will swell this figure to the neighborhood of forty-
five thousand.
The chief elements of population are mercantile and mechanic.
But all honorable avocations and pursuits are well represented —
the literary or professional man, and the humblest day-laborer,
toiling side by side in the busy hive of this great young city. This
is the only class distinction existing. SimUar pursuits and tastes
engender mutual sympathies, thus bringing men into closer associ
ation. Beyond this, there is no city in this or any other country
• more free from the domination of caste ; admission to society be
ing based upon character alone. -This statement no one, with any
knowledge of the facts, will call in question. There is another
somewhat kindred characteristic, metropolitan spirit. All men are
welcomed, and eagerly welcomed, to our midst — capitalist or la
borer, the seeker after a home or employment — objections being
made otjly to drones. This metropolitanism is the result of pubUc
zeal and the mixed elements of the population. PubUc spirit fos
ters every source of increased population or business, and the va
rious classes and-nationaUties, into which the people are divided
9

1 30 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.
create sympathy and kindliness to all men of whatever name or
pursuit. The stranger finds congenial occupation and society.
The population contains representatives of many nations ; Eng
lish, Irish, German, Italian and French being the most numerous.
A nervous energy permeates all classes of the people and all
departments of trade, and the spirit of enterprise never sleeps.

COUNTY AND STATE RELATIONS.
The picture of any city's prosperity would be incomplete without
some representation of its civil and geographical surroundings, so
far as vital relations exist between them. It is, therefore, neces
sary to look briefly into the condition of Fulton county, of which
Atlanta is the site.
The State of Georgia, of which it is the capital, is so prosperous
that its financial credit is above par — ^some of its bonds command
ing as high a premium as those of any State in the Union. If is
essential, then, to consider Fulton county only, and that very briefly.
It is almost sufficient to say that the tax for county purposes is the
smallest in the State, with the exception of, perhaps, a half dozen
counties — the total county tax being only two mills, or one-fifth of
a cent on a dollar ; the entire State and county tax amounting to
only seven-tenths of a cent, or 70 cents on the $ioo. Till recently
the county owed nothing, and had money in tbe treasury. This
is a happy condition, enjoyed by very few counties in Georgia, or
out of it. The buUding of a splendid court-house, creates a small
county debt in the shape of bonds.

HEALTHFULNESS.
The subject of this chapter is always a gratifying one to the
denizens and friends of Atlanta, for, in the matter of healthfulness,
no superiority is granted to any city or cUme. This is one of the
greatest attractions and proudest distinctions ofthe Gate City. Its
healthfulness is so great, and its climate so delightful, that it is ac
quiring a national repute as a place for permanent residence, or of
summer resort for invalids.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 131
This healthfulness is the result of numerous causes, and among
them the altitude. The city has an elevation of 1,050 feet above
the level of the sea, and lies, if not upon the mountain top, on
mountain ridges, from which water flows freely, creating a natural
drainage and sewerage, and preventing stagnation. Its mountain
breezes make a pleasant summer temperature, while its southern
locality moderates the severity of winter. Malarious fevers, the
curse of low regions, and epidemics, the terror of the seaboard,
are, of course, unknown.
But these healthful conditions have their culmination in the exist
ence of numerous mineral springs of great excellence within the
city and suburbs. The mineral properties of these springs are un
questioned — as their waters have been chemically analyzed. An
apalysis of one, the Atlanta Mineral Spring, running one gallon per
minute, contains, among its solid ingredients, proto-carbonate of
iron, suspended in carbonic acid gas, sulphate of magnesia (Epsom
salts,) and chloride of sodium. The analysis was made by one of
the most distinguished chemists of the South, Prof. Means, of Em
ory College, who, on the strength of it, asserts the excellence of the
water for general debility, dyspepsia, torpidity of the secretory func
tions, and kindred diseases. Experience also establishes the same,
and remarkable cures ..might be instanced. Ponce de Leon and
West End Springs have been similarly tested — so that Providence
has even blessed the city with great natural remedies or restora
tives, as a guarantee of the health already assured by the requisite
natural conditions.

THE SOCIETY.

As the first, hardy, practical population of Atlanta paid Uttle at
tention to architectural beauty or the aesthetics, there was little cul
tured society among a people composed mainly of rough laborers
and uneducated business meh. But, as population flowed in, bring
ing men of skUl and genius in the various departments of labor,
and men of talent and education in the professions and business av
ocations,' a change began. Meantime, the original inhabitants
were improving through the influisnces of prosperous circumstan
ces, the refining contact with cultivated men, and the educating as-

132 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.
sociations of a growing city. To be brief, the result was the grad
ual formation of a splendid society, which, for brilliancy, accom
plishments and refinement, is not easily excelled. Such a society is
but the combined result of association between men and women of
learning, skill and culture in the professions, the avocations of bus
iness, and the industrial pursuits — the intercourse of science, art,
literature and religion. If this be true, what city is richer in the
elements of a splendid society than Atlanta ?
Its la-wyers and physicians stand at the head of their professions;
our musicians are famous for their accompUshments ; our literati
rank araong the best ; our merchants are princes of success ; and
our mechanics evence the highest skill. We also have authors of
national note, and newspaper writers of wide celebrity.

PLAN AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE CITY.
The city is quite irregular in plan, as it was never regularly laid
out, the first streets growing out of public roads. The road to
Marietta became within the corporate limits Marietta street, and
so with Decatur, Peachtree and others. Originally, too, the' city
had much hill and valley. But many streets have been straightened
and graded, hills cut down, and depressions filled up, so as to im
prove the city greatly in this respect.
Within the past few years the architecture of the city has made
great progress, for which large credit is due to the architects. Park
ins & Bruce. To-day Atlanta has residences and business houses
that will compare with those of far older cities. t

THE PRESENT GROWTH OF ATLANTA.
Perhaps in no period of its history has Atlanta grown more
rapidly than the present year. At one time over looo houses were
in process of erection, at a cost of one million dollars. In fact it is
at times difficult to obtain sufficient labor and building materials,
and delays have often resulted from this cause.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 133

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT AND FINANCIAL
CONDITION.
The municipal government consists of a Mayor and a General
Council, which is composed of three aldermen and ten councilmen,
who act as separate boards on all financial questions or appropria
tions of money. The Mayor holds his office for two years, the al
dermen for three, and the councilmen for two. Elections are held
annually for one alderman, and one councilman from each ward,
about one-half the whole body going out every year. All are in
eligible for the succeeding term. Public education, police govern
ment and water- works, are confided to separate boards with plen
ary powers.
The character of the government in connection with that of a
people always 'jiu'blic spirited, but never reckless, has made the
financial condition of Atlanta one of its chief attractions, and su-
'',rior to that of any Southern city ; with, indeed, few rivals on the
continent. January ist, 1877, the bonded debt was $1,787,000, and
the floating -debt amounted to $388,240,70 — making a total ipdebt-
edness of $2,175, 24o,7o,of which $400,000 were water-works bonds.
The assets of the city exceeded 1,000,000. Under the operation
of the charter the floating debt is constantly undergoing reduction,
so that the financial condition is far better to-day, and continually
improving, the creation of new debts being well nigh impossible
under the charter as amended. The obligations of the city have al
ways been met, and the bonds are above par.

THE FUTURE OF ATLANTA.
The preceding brief reviews of Atlanta's population, institu
tions, business, facilities of trade and healthfulness, while discover
ing the basis of its past growth and present prosperity, also demon
strate its continued progress in the future ; for the same causes are
operating only upon a grander scale. The railroad systera is

134 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
feet, but the sections penetrated are constantly developing their re
sources, and Atlanta must grow with its tributaries. In addition to
this, the combined power of superior facilities, increasing enterprise
and skill, and the prestige of past success,are continually extending
trade into new and more remote sections. The rapid development
of the manufacturing interest, the social and healthful attractions of
Atlanta for residence, the admirable character and exceUent finan
cial condition of the municipal government, and other considera
tions noted, assure constant future increase of population and busi
ness. A population of nearly 100,000 is generally accepted as a
thing of the near future.

GREAT RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS.
The city of Atlanta is famous for the greatness and brilliancy of
its enterprises. Its citizens have kept pace with the general ad
vancement by grand conceptions and magnificent execution. Now
people encourage and confidently assert the success of almost any
enterprise however immense its magnitude, so great is their faith
in Atlanta based upon the triumphs in its past. But, years ago,
predictions of failure would greet every unusual boldness of busi
ness qiovement. It was the good fortune of Atlanta to have citi
zens made of such stuff that no discouragements could depress
them, and only the grandest success could satisfy them. To the
business men of Atlanta of this stamp is largely due the prosperity
of the city, and its present leading position in the eyes of the whole
country. To them is due the fact that in Atlanta to-day may be
found business houses carrying stocks and conducting a trade that
would do honor to the largest American cities. As New York has
its famed establishments, so Atlanta has its great houses, attract
ing thousands of people from far distances and from other States to
admire and examine their brilliant stocks. A striking illustration
of these facts presents itself. To mention the retail dry goods trade
of Atlanta is to suggest to any one who lives in or has ever visited
the city, the name of John Keely, who ranks among the greatest
and most brilliant retail merchants of the South. The stock he
carries is tremendous in quantity, and magnificent in character. He

PROCESSION ON WHITEHALL STREET.

1 36 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.
has enlarged his store room till he has the greatest front in Atlanta.
To visit Keeley's brings ladies from distant parts of the State
and his store is seldom seen without a moving throng within and
carriages without. The history of this merchant is the story of pluck
and enterprise, out of which the city grew. With an humble be
ginning after the close of the civil war, in which he was a gallant
Confederate officer, he rapidly succeeded in business, enlarging his
store from time to time, as his trade increased. With his pleasant
manners, geniality of disposition, and business tact, he soon be
came popular, and at once made special effort to swell this personal
popularity by a reputation for low prices. He proclaimed himself
on this Une, and soon the public took up his cry of "leader of low
prices." The result was a briUiant success, and John Keely's estab-
ment is to-day one of the best known in tha South, and its trade
one of the largest. John Keely is a representative citizen and the
embodiment of that spirit and energy which has made Atlanta,
while his establishment is an illustration of the city's rapid progress
and magnitude of development.

WATER-WORKS.
The city has a system of water-works, which will be sufficient to
supply its wants to twice its present population. Like that of aU
advance movements in Atlanta, the history of the conception and
establishment of water-works is interesting. Several year^efore
its establishment, in 1866, Mr. Anthony Murphy, a prominent and
progressive citizen, being chairman of the City Council committee
of pumps, wells and cisterns, observed the inadequacy of our water
supply for sanitary purposes, fire protection, and also for use in the
extensive building operations of that year. He accordingly made a
report to the CouncU on the subject. Nothing however, was done tUl
1870, when Mr. Murphy being again a member of Council, offered a
resolution to investigate the matter, and was authorized to go North
and examine the various systems in operation. Through his unre
mitting efforts a charter was finally obtained, a Board of Water
Commissioners was elected, and he was raade President of it.
Bonds were finaUy issued, the works commenced and completed as
elsewhere noted, Mr. Murphy never ceasing his labors, in conjunc-

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

m

tion with other public spirited citizens, till the grand result was
achieved. The immense advantages to the city are too apparent to need
mention. Insurance was at once greatly reduced, and the health
of the city made doubly sure.
This is but one of the many pubUc enterprises in which Mr. Mur
phy has proven himself not only a public spirited citizen, but a wise
and useful one. It wUl be remembered that he was elected Presi
dent of the company organized under the charter of the Atlanta &
Alabama Road, which would have been pushed through, had not
the Georgia Western fallen into hands which would certainjy con
struct it. Mr. Murphy has large city interests and has been man
aging a fine lumber business in the city.

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.

Atlanta has a volun
teer fire department.
Whatever may be said of
the merits of the two
systems.it is nevertheless
true that Atlanta has a
very efficient force, and
a fire never makes rauch
headway, if water is suffi
cient. There are three
fine steam engines. Al'
the companies have en
gine houses, several of
them good brick struc
tures.

GAS WORKS,
The city is well lighted
with gas, which is furn
ished at a reasonable
price. The works are
near W. & A, R, R. The

NO. I ENGINE HOUSE.

138 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
President is T. G. Healy ; Secretary and Treasurer, J. H. Mecaslin,
This latter gentleman is the manager, and a very popular citizen.

MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS.
There is quite a number of these. The Gate City Guards and
Atlanta Grays are prominent white companies. Of negro compa
nies there are five or six.

NEGRO VILLAGES.
Among the objects of interest to strangers from the Northern
and Western portions of the country are the negro villages located
at several points near the city's limits. One is Summerville, near
the terminus of the street railroad on McDonough street, another is
near WhitehaU street, near the corporate limits, and another — Sher-
mantown — out Wheat street. They are thickly populated, and
have their churches.

OUR LEADING STREETS, ARCHITECTURE, AND
BUSINESS HOUSES.
The preceding general sketches of the trade of Atlanta will be
made more intelligent by a description of our business streets and
some of the leading firms doing business on them. Some of these
stores in architecture and proportion would do honor to the largest
of cities, and the business done is on an equally grand scale.
Whitehall street, the oldest street of the city, and the Broadway of
-Atlanta, will be the first in order.
WHITEHALL STREET.
Pope, the Hatter, begins the numbers of Whitehall — No. i . with
an elegant hat, cane and umbrella store.
Fairbanks & Cox, 7 1-2 WhitehaU street, are manufacturers of
seals, rubber stamps, stencils, and embossed metal work generally.
Mr. C. F. Fairbanks has been in the business in Atlanta for years.

ILLUSTRA TED A TLANTA.

139

but has recently formed a partnership with Chas. H. Cox of
Indiana, an engraver and metal worker. Mr. Fairbanks has also
added to his business the agency of printing presses, some of
which he exhibited at the Exposition. The firm is thoroughly
^skilled and equipped, and consequently does a big business.
W. BoUman, 10 Whitehall street is a reliable jeweler, and has an
attractive store and stock. 
At No. 21 Whitehall
¦street is the clothing
establishment of Mr. W.
M. Scott. Understanding
the business of men's
furnishing goods in all its
¦detaUs, it is not to be
wondered at that Mr.
Scott experienced a rapid
ly gfrowing trade, and re
cently found it advisable
to move into a building
expressly fitted up for him.
It is sufficent to say that
he not only keeps a com
plete line of goods, but
also those of the best man
ufacture and reputation.
A very large part of his
business is in the order
line, as he is the agent of
the immense Philadelphia
establishment of Wanna-
maker & Brown. The goods are selected from samples, the meas
ure taken and forwarded, and very speedUy the suit has arrived in
Atlanta. Mr. Scott receives orders from a half dozen States, parties
either selecting from samples he sends, or leaving it to his taste and
judgment. No. 26 is Bradfield's drug store. The narae is at once recognized
as familiar, in connection with a noted female reraedy. Dr.
Bradfield, the corapounder of the medicine, is proprietor of this

CLOTHING STORE OK W.

I40

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

drug establishment, and has a fine line of pure drugs and medicines
and all the popular patent remedies. He keeps a large assortment
of colognes and toilet goods.
He furnishes the trade, or single
orders from a distance, prompt
ly. His prescription department
is carefuUy conducted, and the
drug store is first-class in all its
appointments. His business in
this line has grown very rapidly
on account of the satisfaction
of customers. If the prices were
stated, it would be seen that
Mr. Scott gives most attractive
figures, and his goods are as ex
cellent in character as any
brought to this market.
Jack & Holland, manufactur-
STOCKER* cASTLEBERKY— E.xTERioR. ers of aud wholcsalc dealers in
pure candies and crackers, have one of the largest houses in this
line in the South, and are located

'if'.

at No. 36 Whitehall. They also
carry a large stock of canned
goods, btith fruits and meats,
and all articles usually carried
by such a house. They supply
jnerchants in this and neighbor
ing States, and have an imraense
trade. In their retail depart
ment their trade in breads, cakes
and soda water, is the largest
in the city.
Stocker & Castleberry, No. 85
Whitehall, have a very large
stock of furniture, selected in
the best markets and of the
best manufacture. Their store stocker &. castleberry— interior.
runs through from Whitehall to Broad street, and is very spacious.

gi WJilTimm

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 141
But their business is large and constantly growing, and they have
not more room than is necessary.
D.Morgan, No. 80 Whitehall, is a wholesale, and retail dealer
in harness and saddlery goods. He has been in the business a num
ber of years, thoroughly understands it, and has built up an ex
tensive custom. He also deals in wagons and buggies,
Goodman's, No, 28 WhitehaU street, is the popular Picture and
Frame store of Atlanta, Mr. Goodman has a very fine coUection
of oil paintings, chromos, steel engravings, j nd prints, and manu
factures frames of every kind. He carries a fuU line of picture goods,
and can furnish any parlor, reception room or office, handsomely.
At No. 27 1-2 WhitehaU street, upstairs, are the offices of Mr. B,
M. WooUey, who is now known very widely over the country in
connection with his opium cure. It is a fact beyond question
that his reraedy is a sure one. He has the testimony, voluntarily
given, of hundreds cured by it, and he has besides, the evidence of
those who have been eye witnesses of the efficiency of this medi
cine. The author of this book is one of the latter. The opium
habit has many devotees, and the effects are so destructive, that
it is a matter of great congratulation that a certain remedy exists
for it. The apparent hopeles.sness of the victim's condition, and
the failure of all efforts to break the chain which bound him to the
process of a slow but sure self-destruction, have been the terrible
features of the disease tiU the appearance of this reraedy. Not only
in this country, but across the ocean, far into Europe, this remedy
has made its way of healing and of blessing — a fact complimen
tary to Atlanta as well as to its citizens. .The work of Mr. WooUey
is indeed humanitarian, and his heart is in it. A gentleman by na
ture, he stands high with his fellow-citizens for integrity, and his
truest friends are those who know him best. He does not belong
to the class of advertising quacks, but is one of the best and most
intelligent citizens of Atlanta, doing a vast deal of good through a
remedy of great merit. His business is so large that it necessita
ted the assistance of an associate to handle it, that Mr. WooUey
might devote himself exclusiviely to the preparation of his medi-
¦cinces and the conducting of a voluminous correspondence. In
Mr. Lowndes, a worthy young gentleman, he found a partner of
fine business traits.

142

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

The pioneer in the crockery trade of Atlanta, is T. H. Ripley, of
No. 89 WhitehaU street. No one has greater experience in the
business than he has. He keeps a full stock of crockery and glass
ware, and sells at wholesale and retail. He buys his goods in the
best markets and exercises taste in their selection. His stock is-
varied and erabraces all goods usuaUy found in a crockery store.
The handsomest retail
clothing store in Atlanta is
that of Hirsch Brothers, 42
and 44 Whitehall street.
They keep a large stock of
mens' and boys' clothing,
and also have a fine mer
chant tailoring establish
ment in connection. They
command one of the best
trades in the city. The
wholesale house of Messrs
M. &. J. Hirsch, manufac
turers of and dealers in
ready-made clothing, is on
Pryor street, in front of the
KimbaU House.
Keely's, the far-famed dry
goods establishment of At
lanta, is on this street, corner
of Hunter, with a front on
Whitehall equal to that of a
half dozen ordinary stores.
In it is a Uttle worid of goods^
and often a day's sales
shipped out of it or the new
STORE OF HIRSCH BROTHERS, WHITEHALL ST. goods rccelvcd wUl cqual
the stock of a small store. It is a spectacle worth seeing, the
ladies filling its numerous departments, and* flitting about from
counter to counter, admiring and buying. Any day the citizens
wiU see in there the faces of strangers, for people are constantly
visiting the establishment from long distances. There is nothing

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 143
in the dry goods Une that is not to be found in this house, and
its i_mmense sales enable it to run a popular system of low prices,
so low sometiraes as to astonish the purchaser. Where there are
heavy sales a successful business can of course be conducted on
profits so smaU that they would bankrupt lesser establishments.
It is not to be wondered at that Keely's is nearly always full of
people in season or out of it.
The General Insurance Agency, of John C. Whitner & Son,
43 1-2 WhitehaU, is quite extensive, embracing a- number of
the best companies in the United States and foreign countries,
for one Of which these gentlemen are general agents of
the entire Southern Department from Virginia to Texas,
inclusive. All of their companies have been so long represented
in the South that they are well known for honorable dealing with
patrons and prompt adjustments and settlements of losses. The
senior. Major Whitner, has spent most of his life in this business,
and is familiar with its practical details, from soliciting for risks
and writing poUcies, up to adjusting losses and supervising agen
cies. He is acknowledged to be one of the first underwriters in
this country. The son is "a chip off of the old block," in business
turn as well as appearance. General W. S, Walker, in fareweU note
to the agents of the British America Assurance Company on the
occasion of his retiring from the general agency, said: "It gives me
pleasure to commend to your confidence my esteemed successors,
Messrs, Jno, C. Whitner & Son, Having been recently associated
with me, they need no formal introduction. The senior, Major Jno.
C. Whitner, has been a long time in the business, and is known all
over the country as one of our best underwriters. His acknowledged
proficiency covers the entire field of insurance experience, as lo
cal agent, special agent, adjuster and general agent. You may,
therefore, rest assured, that you are in the hands of a gentleman
and an expert of rare accomplishments and proficiency in the pro
fession," A visit to their office will reveal a most thorough system.
Everything goes along quietly, and the four or five busy ones seem
to lose no time in looking for things put in wrong places. There is
not an item at all affecting their business but that can be turned up
in a few minutes, and there is a perfect system of checks upon ev
ery person and every item of business, and yet such a simphcity in

144

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

the whole as to avoid aU possibility of mistake. Their business is
rapidly increasing, and we are glad to learn that the outlook is
most encouraging. Their agents will be found in every important
town in the South.
A. & S, Rosenfeld are among the oldest clothiers of Atlanta,
prominently located at the corner of Alabama and Whitehall.
They are prominent alike in the

trade, doing a very large business
in furnishing men's and boy's
clothing. Mr, Er Lawshe is the oldest
jeweler of Atlanta, and one of
the oldest citizens.
Kuhn & Sons' Art Gallery,
33 1-2 WhitehaU street, has been
long established in Atlanta, and
their work is popular. They
make very fine pictures, both of
persons and houses, quite a num
ber of the illustrations of this
book being reproduced from
their plates. They have good
rooms, including a reception
parlor, which they have recently
fitted up in elegance. No one
will be disappointed who sits for
his picture with Kuhn & Sons.
The Smith Araerican Organ
Corapany is located at 27 White
hall street, where they make a
ER la-wshe's jewelry STORE. finc display of their instruraents.
They are manufacturers of pianos as well as organs, and their chief
offices are Boston, Mass., Kansas City, Missouri, and Atlanta. Mr.-
A. H. Tyler is the manager of the Atlanta branch. The company
has been established since 1852.
Thomas & Richter, at No, go, have a fine stock of furniture. They
run a class of honest goods, being what they look to be, and these
goods seU upon their merits. Mr. W. H, Thomas has long experi-

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

145

ence as a purchaser and seller of furniture, and knows both how to
select goods and how to dispose of them to the advantage of the
public and himself.
At 34 WhitehaU street is
'the leading jewelry estab
lishment of this section,
that of J, P, Stevens & Co,
The stock is one of the l__ ^ _,  ^ ==^3.
largest and costUest in the^M[~p9Tu V C.NS jR-f^^^^»
South, and as 'varied as oi\-^^^^'^-^'^'''^^^^^^^*i*'~-^^- 1^^^
ly such a great establish- ^^j
ment can afford. The dis- 7^
play is rich and magnifi- ^
cent, and J, P, Stevens & "^
Co. is to Atlanta what
Tiffany is to New York,
The stock embraces

solid S

and plated ware, diamonds
and general jewelry. The
salesroom is a palace of
glass filled with precious
gems, and beautiful articles
of personal adornment and
household utility. The visi
tor walks over the tesselated
floor enchanted by visions
of loveliness. Keeping pace
with the predominant spirit
of Atlanta enterprise,
Messrs. Stevens & Co. de
termined upon a big ad
vance step, and estabUshed
a watch factory. Some of
the leading citizens of Atlanta and
these watches and pronounce them excellent in every particiilar
The operations of manufacture are very interesting, employing a
large force of skilled workmen. The business of the house is very
¦ extensive, and constantly growing both at wholesale and retail.

other sections have tested

146

LLLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

'^INTERIOR OF 5ALESE00M.-Ji-

Crowds of ladies are to be seen at almost any time of the day in
specting the splendid and beautiful gold and silver wares of this
really magnificent establishment. Hours may be spent in it with
out weariness. It is one of
the best known places of
Atlanta, and few visitors
leave the city before visiting'^
it. J. C, & I. Daniel, 32 White
hall, have a popular boot
and shoe store. They keep
in stock the latest fashions
and the best makes. They
seek to win custom by the
excellence of their goods and .
uniformly courteous treat
ment of customers.
Mr. W. W. HaskeU, 27 1-2:
Whitehall street, has been many years in the fire insurance busi
ness, and is agent for a number of strong companies, araong them
the Niagara, WilUamsburg City and Westchester. These com
panies are notes for their promptness, and Mr. Haskell carries a fine
business for them.
S. L. Solomson, watch
maker and jeweler, 35 White
hall street, understands his
trade, and gives satisfaction
to all. He has a beautiful
transparent clock in his win
dow, which is a great public
convenience, telling the pass
ing populace the hour by day
and night. Mr. Solom'son is
a man of both skill and expe
rience in his business.
Gomez & Pines, 43 1-2
Whitehall, plasterers, do ex-

i^g'XNTERIOH or FAC TORT. -;Jf-
J. P. STEVENS & CO.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

147

ceUent work in plain and ornamental plastering. The firm is com
posed of G. P. Gomez and C. S. Pines.
C. W. Motes & Co., 90 WhitehaU street,have a very fine harness
and saddlery establishment. They make a specialty of hand-made
work, and no handsomer work is turned out anywhere. In charac
ter of material, in finish and style, the goods of this house cannot
be excelled. They are exclusively engaged in the harness and sad
dlery business, not selling wagons or buggies. Their work has
taken some fine Fa^r premiums.
Walden & Stowe, no WhitehaU street, have a book-store, where
may be found the largest stock of theological and miscellaneous
books in Atlanta. Besides, they have a variety of articles, station
ery and the Uke, usual to their Une of business.
BROAD STREET.
Among the finest establishments of Atlanta is the Wholesale
Paper Warehouse and Paper, Box and Blank Book Manufactory of
F. G. Hancock, on the corner of Broad and Alabama streets. Some

G. HANCOCK S.

years ago Mr. Hancock started on a limited scale in the book and
stationery business, in the firm of Burke & Hancock. After the

148

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

dissolution of the firm, Mr. Hancock had & general partnership with
an old and wealthy citizen, Mr. W. A. Rawson, whose death left Mr.
Hancock to conduct the business alone. This, however, he has
practically done from the outset, having always been the managing
partner. Gradually enlarging as his trade grew, he commenced
the manufacture of paper boxes and blank books. His success be
came so pronounced, his trade so expanded, that he deterrriined up
on an enlargement of his business to embrace the trade in papers,
stationery, and printers materials in all its branches, and to conduct
the manufacture of paper boxes and blank books upon the most
extensive scale. This in turn necessitated enlarged quarters, and he

PAPER BOXEACTORYaTdCUTTINC ROOM.

soon effected an arrangement with Judge George Hillyer for the
erection of the building he now occupies, one of the largest and
handsomest structures in Atlanta, at a cost of some $25,000. Some
idea of the extent and scope of his business may be gathered from
the statement that Mr. Hancock occupies the whole of this large
and splendid buUding. The lower part is the warehouse, in which
is perhaps the finest and heaviest stock of paper, stationery and
blank books in this section of the South. The upper part is devo
ted to the manufacture of paper boxes and blank books, which
gives employment to fifty girls. We saw, speaking of this depart-

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

149

ment, a single order from the Eagle and Phoenix Cotton Mills of
Columbus, signed by its secretary and treasurer, Mr. G. Gunby Jor
dan, for 30,000 boxes. This house controls the sale here of the flat
and ruled papers of the Whiting Paper Company, and also carries
in stock the superior printing inks of Chas. Eneu Johnson, of which
it has the sole agency in this section. It also controls exclusively
in this market the Stone Fort Mills printing papers. Mr. Hancock
is quite a young man and deserves great credit for building up
such a house, which is so largely beneficial to Atlanta. His estab
lishment is undoubtedly one of the largest in the South, and is a
great success.

Messrs. Harwell & Smith's depot of engines, wagons, and agri
cultural machinery is located at 65 Broad street. These gentlemen
handle popular stationary and portable engines, and the best makes
of all agricultural machinery, as also the best made wagons. This
accounts in part for their heavy business, though they have for
years stood in the front rank of the trade for their reliability and
general high character, They are general agents for the old relia
ble Sweepstakes Thresher, Buckeye Reapafs and Mowers, and keep
on hand a large lot of Whitewater wagons, every one warranted.

150

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

The Estey Organ Company's branch house in Atlanta is located
on the corner of Broad and Alabama streets, in splendid quarters
specially erected for it. The reputation of the Estey organ is world
wide, and the business of the company becarae so large South as to

Mm-^ r :

mn^

ESTEY ORGAN COMPANY, BROAD STREET,
necessitate the location of a branch house, and Atlanta was selected
as the most eligible point. This works to the great advantage
of purchasers, as they can buy here at the same price as paid at

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

151

the North. The Atlanta branch is also a general depot for music
and musical instruments of every kind, both of American and for
eign manufacture, embracing celebrated pianos like the Steinway
-and the Weber. The stock of musical instruments, from a mag
nificent piano or a J 1000 organ down to a Jew's harp, is very large,
to meet the requirements of the demands of its wholesale and retail
trade. Mr. C. M. Cady, the manager of this department, is a gen
tleman of most extensive experience in th^ business. He is a man
also of large culture and fine taste, and has introduced a most en
joyable feature in Atlanta musical society in the shape of regular
weekly concerts in the beautiful rooms of the Estey. Atlanta is
proud of her distinction as the Estey headquarters for the South.
^The "MitcheU" wagons, made by Mitchell, Lewis & Co.,of Racine,
Wisconsin, have a national reputation, and the experience of farm
ers in different sections of the country agree as to their convenience
and durability. Only the
best material of wood and
iron is used in their con
struction. The thimble
¦skein, n»de by Mitchell,
Lewis & Co., from their
own patterns, it is claimed,
is the reason for the pop-
>ularity of their wagons as
among the lightest run
ning in the world. The
•patent steel skein used are
manufactured expressly for
¦the "Mitchell' wagon. The
"MitcheU" wagon is too
well known to need any
extensive notice as to its
special feature, and its ac- mitchell wagon company.
ceptibility to the farmers is attested by the frequent sight of the
name upon our streets and country roads. These wagons embrace
the various styles in use, the spring wagon, business wagon, deliv
ery wagon, etc., one and two horse. The large brick depot or
warehouse in this city, at the corner of Broad and Hunter streets

1 52 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.
is filled with a large stock of these handsome and popular wagons,
and is in charge of W. L. P. Wiard, the general agent for Georgia,
North and South Carolina, Florida and Alabama, who has been
in the business many years. He sells both to merchants and
farmers. Messrs. Wilson & Bro., whose office is at No. lo North Broad,
and lumber and coal yards on Spring street along the Western &
Atlantic railroad, are wholesale and retail dealers in coal, lime^
laths and shingles. Their trade is not confined to the city, but
stretches far out of it, as they are shipping extensively on all lines of
railroad in the State. Though young men, they have shown enter-

COAL and LUMBER YARDS OF WILSON & BRO.
prise and ability of unusual order. Some years ago they succeeded"
to the well established business of Edward Parsons, but have every
year since increased it until now it is very great. They deal in all the
best grades of coal, all kinds of lumber, and the best lime for build
ing and fertilizing purposes. With ample capital and facilities,-
having railroad yards, they are able to sell at prices that can not be
be beaten.
A. P. Tripod, 13 Broad street, has a fine establishment of paints,
oils, brushes, varnishes, glass, and a full stock of that line of goods..
Mr. Tripod being an experienced painter, and now conducting the
business on a very large scale, furnishes in this the very best pos
sible evidence of the merits of his paints and paint goods, for he can
not be deceived, and knows their value from actual use of them and
through knowledge of the requisites of a good article. This is im
portant to customers, for there are many inferior paints and paint

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

153

goods upon the market. In speaking of Mr. Tripod's practical ex
perience as a painter, it is proper to add that he is recognized as
the artist painter of Atlanta. His sign, fresco and artistic work
generally, is of rare beauty and taste. The handsomest work of
this kind in Atlanta, is from his brush. We have seen wooden man
tels emerge from his touch so like slate and marble that a critical
examination would be necessary, even by an expert, to detect the
difference. Mr. Tripod carries on the business of sign, fresco and
house painting in connection with his paint and oil establishment.
F. W. Hart, doors, sash and
blinds, occupies No. 30 South Broad
street. His stock is always heavy,
and is one of the largest carried
by any house in the South. His
trade has grown to great pro
portions, and to meet its demands
his orders sometimes are of such
magnitude as to stagger credulity,
were the facts not before the eye.
The whole career of Mr. Hart in
Atlanta is one of remarkable suc
cess. Acquainted with the trade
in the Southern field from a trav
eling connection with a Western
establishment, he saw an opening
in Atlanta, and a few years since
embarked in it. His business in
doors, sash, blinds and builders
hardware, ran up like magic, and
now he ships goods into a number
of adjoining states, as well as
Georgia.- His trade necessitates the keeping of a heavy stock
always in store and warehouse to prevent delay in fiUing orders. So
extensive became his trade that he found it advisable to establish a
branch house in Rome, Ga. Last year he added a planing mill to
his business, in conjunction with his son, F. W. Hart, Jr., under the
style of F. W. Hart & Son. AU work is done here usuaUy done
by planing mills, the- mill being supplied with the best of machinery ,.
and under the personal superintendence of F. W. Hart, Jr.

154

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

Messrs. J. D. & T. F. Smith, No. 59 South Broad street, sell the
White Sewing Machines. These gentlemen have been engaged in
the sewing machine business for a long period, and know what a
.good sewing machine is. They are reliable and prompt.
Broad street is the printingf-house street of
,-,.,„ ,.,™^™,^,^^ ^'isx Atlanta, though it is also the main cotton
ASI ji^^^^^fefell ' street. The Constitution, Christian Index,
Sunday Gazette, Sunny South, Weekly Post,
and other journals are published on it. The
job offices are numerous. Bennett, in the
basement, corner of Broad and Alabama, is
one of the Ipest and most tasteful printers in
Atlanta. The Franklin Printing House, of
Jas. P. Harrison & Co., is the largest in the
State, at times having a hundred employees
in its various departments. The Daily Con-
siituiion has also a job department, managed by James D. Robin
son. Reynolds' jpb office, by P. S. Reynolds has also a stereotype
departraent, which does very satisfactory work. Walker, Claridy
& Co,, at the North end of Broad street bridge, have a good
bindery, and so has R.J. Maynard, in the Brown building, at the
-south end of the bridge.
Moore's Business University, corner of Broad and Alabama
streets, is a splendid institution. A short time since a city journal
contained a list of over 200 students by name who attended its
sessions last year, these gentlemen coming from all over the South,
and some from the West. President B. F. Moore has recently made
extensive iraproveraents in his rooms, and also enlarged the educa
tional scope of his work. He is a gentleman of high character and
cultivated manners, and elicits the esteem and respect of all who
-come in contact with him.
Jas. R. Wylie, 32 N. Broad, is one of Atlanta's leading whole-
:sale grocers, and is prominent in banking and commercial circles.
ALABAMA STREET.
R. H. Knapp, Real Estate Agent, No. 10 East Alabama street,
does a general real estate business, selling and renting city property,
.and buying and seUing farms and other properties in the country.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

IS5

He is paying special attention to the latter, and is opening up a
large correspondence, looking to the purchase of Georgia farming
lands by Northern and Western parties, and emigrants. Mr. Knapp's
references are the best bank officers of the city. He is, however,
weU known, having been long connected with the strong house of
Wm. McNaught & Co., and for the past year a Councilman of the
•city, representing its mercantile ward. He is a gentleman of strong
¦character and large intelligence, capable of handling well any bus
iness he takes up. He is one of the class of men who always suc
ceed. The Merchant's Bank, 12 and 14 East Alabama street, is one of
the strong institutions of the city. It has a paid up capital of
-$200,000, and a directory that is taken from the best and strongest
business men of the city — such men as Benj. E. Crane, president of
the Chamber of Commerce, W. A. Moore* Jas. R. WyUe, Jas. H.
Porter, Campbell Wallace, Clinton I. Brown, Geo. Winship, and
J. W. Beach. CampbeU Wallace is president, and Jas. H. Porter,
¦cashier. No bank has a higher reputation than this.
The two views on this
and the next page rep
resent one of the largest
grocery houses in the
State, that of Messrs.
Fuller & Oglesby. The
building has been re
cently erected especially
for them,and is so built,
-and arranged, that every
possible convenience is
afforded for the transac
tion of their imniense
business. The firm is
composed of W. A. Ful
ler and J. G. Oglesby,
both of whom have
been for years in the

FULLEE i OGLESBY — FRONT VIEW,

grocery trade in Atlanta, and in the present connection since
J878. The progress and success of the firm of FuUer & Oglesby

156

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

has been something remarkable, and although among the leading
grocery houses of the South, their growth seems just begun. They
have a large force of traveling salesmen, who visit every section in
Georgia, and the sur
rounding State, con
tributing to Atlanta
trade, and their large
and favorable personal
acquaintance gives them
the fuUest confidence of
their customers. The
business is thoroughly
systematized and its effi
cient management in
sures prompt execution.
Mr. FuUer has been in
the business thirteen
years, and Mr. Oglesby
sixteen. flller & oglesby — rear view
The Atlanta National Bank, East Alabama street, is the designa
ted depository of the United States. It is a national bank, and has
a capital of $i 50,000. It is the oldest bank of the city, having been
in its earlier years the old Fulton Bank, run by two of the financially
strongest men of the time, Alfred Austell, and E. W. Holland.-
Gen. Austell has been ever since connected with and is now its
president. He is known to be very wealthy, and has a reputation
for financial abUity that is Stat e-wide. The directors are likewise
strong men, consisting of the president, Paul Romare, who is cash
ier, W. B. Cox, who is vice-president, S. M. Inman, R. H. Richards,-
Jas. Swann, P. Romare, and W. W. Austell.
T. S. Lewis, 67 East Alabama street, has a very extensive es
tabUshment for the wholesale manufacture of crackers. He makes
a "snow flake'' cracker that is deUcious and very popular. He is also
a dealer in confectionery and canned goods. He has some thirty
employees, and his products amount to some seventy-five thousand
dollars annually. His trade extends from Virginia to Alabama,.
and is increasing rapidly. His business has been established ten or--

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

1 57

¦eleven years. Mr. Lewis has the latest improved machinery, and
adds to it from year to year.
Mickelberry & Whitlock, No. 24 E. Alabama street, do a very
large wholesale business in groceries, provisions and fruits. Mr.
W. M. Mickelberry has speedUy built up his trade since he carae to
Atlanta from Griffin, and understands the trade thoroughly. The
store house is one of the largest in Atlanta, with back platform by
the side of the railroad track, which gives it the very best facilities
of transportation.
At No. 40 E. Ala
bama street, is the
house of Dunn, Alex
ander & Co. Mr
John N. Dunn, the
-senior partner in this
house was born in
Alabama, but raised
in Tennessee. He
refugeed to Georgia
in 1863 and spent six
years in Brooks coun
ty, making cotton
with free labor. He
came to Atlanta, De
ceraber 1 869, and or
ganized the house of d nn Alexander s CO
Dunn, Pgletree & Co. in February, 1872, which was succeeded
by the present firm January ist, 1881. The old concern and
the new have been highly favored with the confidence of the
community, and have always been able to make promptly any
transaction which seemed to them a prudent one. The house has
always been able to control sufficient means of its own or others
when they wished so to do. Full weight and fair dealing in every
thing has been their motto as well as their practice.
Crane & Langston is another house in the wholesale grocery line,
- doing an immense business. They have recently built a very ex-
: tensive cotton warehouse.

158

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

Messrs A. C. & B. F. Wyly, wholesale grocers are also on this
street, and is a strong, first-class house in every respect.
W. M. & R, J, Lowry, 69 East Alabama street, have a private
bank of high reputation. The bank appointments are among the
best and handsomest of the city. The Messrs. Lowry are wealthy,'
and of strong character, Mr, W, M. Lowry, the senior, is one of
the most respected citizens of Atlanta, and a Christian gentleman j
of great usefulness. Mr, R, J. Lowry, his son, follows in the foot- |
steps of his father in strong traits of character, business energy,. |
and financial abiUty. He has often been honored with official sta
tion by his fellow citizens and is now one of the three Aldermen of

THE WILSON HOUSE, CORNER ALABAMA AND PRYOR.
the city, who have the control of the city's finances. He is chair
man of the board of Aldermen, and the financial matters of the
city are well handled by him. This is a very responsible position
and shows the esteem in which Mr. Lowry is held. He is stUj
quite a young man and has a field of wide usefulness before him.
Davenport, Johnson & Co. occupy 68 and 70 Alabama street. It
is the same as the New York House, at 33 Park Place. It was
started in 1791. Its business extends everywhere in the United
States, and they send goods to China and Europe. All kinds of
cotton and woolen mill,railway and machinist supplies,as well as rub-

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 1 59.
ber goods of every description, constitute the stock, and anything
not on hand wiU be speedily furnished by order. This is the only
estabUshment of the kind in the South. Mr. Edward L. Vourhis is
the resident or managing partner in Atlanta. The Atlanta house
is admirably located for business, being in a few feet of the General
Passenger Depot, and having a side railroad track for shipping and
receiving goods.
In the splendid building on the corner of Alabama and Pryor
streets, are the office rooms of Bradstreet's Coraraercial Agency ._
This department controls a very large section of the South, em
bracing a great portion of Georgia, all the counties in Alabama, ex
cept seven, thirteen in South Carolina, and thirty-two in Tennessee.
It has from ten to eighteen employees busily engaged, and four
type writers in constant use, Mr, H. C, Leonard, a gentleman of
fine experience in banking business, is the Superintendent. Mr.
Leonard is a well known citizen of Atlanta, and was recently ap
pointed to this position. Bradstreet's Commercial reports are in
valuable to our merchants, and are very popular. Their book of
reports is issued quarterly, containing the collection laws of each
state in abstract, names, business, estimated worth and credit of
merchants and business men generally in the United States and
Canada; and a mass of other important information. Besides
this, written and special reports are furnished to subscribers upon
application, covering the various points of inforraation needed
The names of reliable attorneys in^all sections are also furnished.
Subscribers wUl find the pocket edition very serviceable. Brad-
street has been so long established that it is well known, and its
reliability unquestioned. Its use in this section is general, and
this led to the opening of the branch office in Atlanta. Mr.
Leonard, the Superintendent, is courteous and prompt; all who
have business with Bradstreet, will find him either in person or by
letter. The Executive offices of the company are 279, 281 and 283
Broadway, New York.
Frank M. Potts, 19 East Alabama street, has a large trade in
wholesale Kquors. He controls some of the best brands on the
market. His experience in the business extends over a consider able
period, which enables him to handle the trade to better effect.

i6o

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

Lewis Clarke, so' widely known as a hatter, has been for some
time also in the merchant tailoring business. He is now running
this business exclusively at No, 8. Alabama street. He always had
the finest and best hats for the money, and he will doubtless make
a good reputation in that way in his present business of merchant
tailoring. LOYD STREET.
The Markham House is on Loyd street, at the north-east corner
of the General Passenger Depot, and at the head of Wall street. It
is the nearest hotel in Atlanta to arriving and departing trains,
Boaz's livery stables are
located on this street, conveni
ently near the Markham House.
Mr. G. R. Boaz, the propri
etor, has long been in the bus
iness ; keeps a good stable
both for livery and sale, and
has also an undertaker's de
partment connected with it,
which is one of the best fitted
up in the South. His hearses
are very costly and elegant,
and his line of coffin goods
embrace very costly cases and
BOAZ'S LI\ERY STABLES, LOYD STREET, CaSKCtS,
Next to Boaz is Dr, J. Stainback Wilson's Turkish Baths.
Atlanta's great plasterer. Thrower, has an office at No. 12 Loyd.
Mr. J. G. Thrower is a gentleman whose name is very famUiar in
Atlanta, being in a very particular" sense a "household" word, for
he has plastered more private and public buildings than any man
in Atlanta, or all the balance put together. "And his works do
praise him." He was the plasterer of the Kimball House, and of
the most prominent public edifices of Atlanta, winding up with the
work in the Exposition buildings. Plain and ornamental plaster
ing, calcimining, and all work in the line of his business he executes
with great skill. He keeps a regular force of good workmen con-

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. i6l
stantly employed, being never without a number of buUdings in
¦different parts of the city to finish up, though he can pick up the
tools and beat his best workman, for he is master of his trade. Such
a man always has as much as he can do. Being a very intelligent
and thoughtful raan he very frequently publishes, in interview or
letter form, hints and suggestions to the ladies in reference to the
proper care and management of the walls and interior embellish
ments. But Mr. Thrower is as widely known in another field. He
is a chief temperance advocate in the State, never lagging in the
-cause. He is a recognized leader, in fact the most prominent in
Atlanta. He has accomplished great good by his zeal and unremit
ting efforts, which have become so famUiar to the pubUc that his
name has almost become a "synonym" for temperance.

WALL STREET.
This street starts at the Markham House, and runs only two
blocks, but it is one of the most important business streets in At
lanta, being thick with wholesalesale houses, offices, etc. After
the corner building on Loyd street, occupied by the Richmond &
DanviUe railroad company for its various offices, comes the Brown
Block, which is a massive structure occupied up stairs by offices.
Lawyer Julius Brown, former president of the Young Men's Library,
.and who is one of the prominent young men of the city, has his of
fice here. Next to it is the office of Capt, W. D. EUis, another
prominent young lawyer and city official. Mr, EUis came to At
lanta from South Carolina, about twelve years ago, just after hav
ing been admitted to the bar in that State, He has been a member
of City Council three terms, and is at present Solicitor of the City
Court of Atlanta,a court whose civil jurisdiction is almost unlimited,
and whose criminal jurisdiction extends to all misdemeanors com
mitted within the county of Fulton, But leaving the offices and
descending to the first floor we come to one of the great drug estab
lishments of the city.
Geo, J. Howard & Bro., 36 and 38 Wall street, have one of the
finest wholesale drug establishments in the South, Their stock,
embraces all the goods and varieties of articles that go to make up

1 62 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.
such a house. Druggists of this and other States are supplied by"
this house with complete stocks, Messrs. Howard & Bro,, also
manufacture for the trade to a considerable extent, and their prep
arations are winning quite a reputation. In addition to their whole
sale departrnent, they also have one for retail, which is one of the
most elegantly and handsoraely furnitured and appointed in the
South. In this department they retail the best and most popular
medicines and compound prescriptions under the direction of a
skiUed and thoroughly competent and experienced pharmaceutist.
The ladies find here the most exquisite colognes and toilet goods,
and the public generaUy are served in a first class style and satisfac
tory way in every particular.
The Gate City National Bank, on the corner of WaU and Pryor
streets, has a capital of $250,000. It was originally a State bank.
but was converted into a national bank, with enlarged capital. Lod-
owick J. Hill is president, L. M. HUl, vice-president, and Edward
S. McCandless, cashier.

PEACHTREE STREET.
Messrs. Parkins & Bruce, architects, are on the second floor of
the Healy building, corner of Peachtree and Marietta streets. These
gentlemen have done much to make Atlanta what it is in point of
architecture. The splendid building in which their office is, as
weU as, the large majority of the magnificient storehouses and
beautiful residences which have been erected in the past few years^
were designed by them, including the Kimball House, Library
buUding, and principal churches. They have a reputation that is
more than State-wide, for they have calls into different States, and
frequently send their designs for public and private buUdings to
considerable distances. Their business is very large, and probably
they have no superiors in their profession in the South.
The splendid building, corner of Peachtree and Marietta street,
one of 'tiie finest structures in Atlanta, is the work and property of
Mr. T. G. Healy, who has been a contractor and builder in Atlan
ta twenty-seven years. Mr. Healy built the Kimball House, Capi
tol, Passenger Depot, Catholic church, Post Office, as well as many

1* liiV'i

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t
•'Mm, i'

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\*

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V 'J ¦$

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i64 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.
other of the finest edifices in the city, private and public, and has
just finished the Exposition buildings. He owns extensive prop
erty in the city, and has been a resident of Georgia 36 years.
The People's Mutual Relief Association has its offices in the build
ing on the corner of Peachtree and Wall streets, directly opposite
the National Hotel, occupying the whole second floor. Their plan
of assurance is now the most popular, and altogether the safest.
The Gate City Bank is their repository. Among its officers, are
Wm, S, Baker, president, and R, O, RandaU, secretary. The cost
¦of insurance is about one-third of that on the old plan.
Near this street an extensive business has been carried on, in
part, by a gentleman who is now a member of the Legislature.
"whose success in business has been so phenomenal that a passing
notice will be readable, as it illustrates the possession of those
qualities which recommended him to the people for official stations
¦of responsibility ; and so it is with many of our citizens. Mr. Frank
P. Rice was one of the earUest 'settlers of Atlanta. When a mere
boy he was apprenticed to the first book bindery in Atlanta, and
carried a route for one of the papers, the Weekly Examiner, and
about his first work was driving a dump cart for a railroad.
Steadily from that day he pushed his way, gradually gathering
around him friends and property. Forming a patnership
in the lumber business, he has seen it prosper greatly, and all
his business ventures have simUarly resulted, proving his busi
ness capacity, and making him a wealthy man. But all his wealth
he has put into real estate, his faith in the future of Atlanta being
supreme. In the municipal poUtics and history of the city he has
had an honorable prominence. He was elected to Council in 1867,
and was a fourth time chosen. In 1880 he was elected to the
Legislature, leading the ticket in the vote, and has been active in
thatbody, pushing through the bill creating County Commissioners,
the Cole charter, and other important measures. He has always
taken a spirited part in public enterprises, and is a most valuable
citizen.
— T. M. Clarke, & Co., wholesale hardware and saddlery, corner of

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

165

Peachtree and Line streets, have the leading establishment in this
Une iu the city. It is the oldest house, having been started in the
early days of Atlanta. It has grown until it is equal to any hard
ware house in the South. Their building is one of the largest and
handsomest in the city. The firm consists of Thomas M. Clarke,
R. C. Clarke, J. C. Kirkpatrick and Jno. C. Fitten,
Taylor's Drug Store,
corner of Marietta and
Peachtree streets, is
one of the handsomest
in the State, The
store is situated in the
very heart of the city,
and the most crowded
thoroughfare. The
stock is excellent., cov
ering everything car
ried in a first-class
drug store, Walter A.
Taylor, the proprietor,
has long experience in
the business, and has
built u{5 a most suc
cessful trade. But his
greatest triumph is his
manufacture of Tay
lor's Premium Co
logne, It has gained a
wide-spread celebrity,
and finds a sale in all
parts of the country.
At times it has been
difficult to supply the
demand for it, which is
constantly growing,

TAYLOR S DRUG STORE.

The prescription department is in the most
competent hands and is a special feature of recommendation. On
the whole, Mr. Taylor has a model drug store, reflecting not Only
credit upon himself, but also upon the city. The beauty and

1 66

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

style of its appointments ; the excellence and variety of its stock,
the efficiency of its various departments,and the popularity of the
cologne manufactured by it.seem to keep pace with each other.
Messrs. Hunnicutt
& Bellingrath, 36 and
38 Peachtree, have an
immense stock of
house furnishing
goods, stoves, plan
ter's goods.etc. Their
buUding, which they
erected a number of
years ago to accom
modate their growing
businessTis one of the
largest and best in the
city. The house has
grown up with At-
HUNNICUTT & BELLINGRATH'S STORE. laUta, aud ItS PTO-
prietors are among the earliest inhabitants. It is perhaps the largest
establishment of the kind in Georgia,
Wm. CUfford Neff, & Co., have at No. 70 Peachtree, an office
for their soap manufactures. Here may be seen popular varieties —
some thirty brands — of toilet and laundry soaps — made in Atlanta.
These gentlemen are valuable and enterprising citizens, running
in addition to their soap works a large ice factory, under the name of
Artie Ice Company, managed by the junior of the firm, C. G. Neft'.

MARIETTA STREET.
Phillips & Crew, Nos. 6, 8 and 10 Marietta street, have one of
the largest book and music stores in the South. They have been
in the business in Atlanta for some ten years, and in this time have
built up a splendid trade, e_xtending into various States. They deal
in school books, blank books, stationery, and in everything gener
ally kept in a well appointed book store, for such it is.and first-class
in every respect. Their music store carries in stock the famous

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

167

Knabe and other good pianos, and many makes of organs, includ
ing the splendid Clough & Warren, A full line of musical instru
ments is kept, and sheet music is made a specialty, Messrs Phil
lips & Crew are highly respected citizens, whose establishment is
an honor to the city.
The furniture establishment of P, H, Snook, near the corner of
Marietta and Peachtree streets, is an immense affair. His store
and warerooms stretch from Marietta street clear through to Wal
ton, and are literally packed with goods. He sells at wholesale and
retaU, is constantly shipping and receiving goods, and is doing a

p. H, SNOOK S,

tremendous business. His orders come from all parts of Georgia,
and from neighboring States. He carries a great variety of goods
in stock, and his prices run from tens into thousands of doUars
for suits. His establishment is of course visited by every person who
-comes to Atlanta with any idea of making purchases of furniture.

1 68

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

The Singer Sewing Machine Company's oflfice and salesroom
No. 42 Marietta street, are very elegant. The popularity of the
machine is universal, and its sales have run up to an enormous fig
ure, in 1880 exceeding a half miUion. Mr, G, W. Leonard is the
manager of the Southern Department, of which Atlanta is the
headquarters. His management has been very successful, and the
Singer is a general favorite.
At No. 27 Marietta, is the agricultural seed store and machinery
warehouse of Mark W, Johnson & Co, They have been in the
business for many years, and enjoy a trade extending to very far
distances, Tl.e farraer can get of them anything he needs in the

_!_ JIl jii %\ \f.

MARK W . JOHNSO.M & CO'S.
line of farm implements and agricultural machinery, as well as the
choicest and best seeds, to which department special attention is
paid. The best brands of fertilizers are also sold by this house.
The Atlanta Bridge Works of Wilkins, Post & Co. are on this
street, near the city limits. They have one hundred -or more em
ployees. They are now, in 1881, building iron bridges on the
Memphis & Charleston, Georgia, and Alabama Western, roads.
They furnished all the iron work for our county court-house. About
two years ago Wilkins, Post & Co, established their shops perma
nently in Atlanta, and their machinery is complete. They have in

ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA . 169.
connection the largest foundry in the city. They wUl probably
erect at an early day a new building about 50 x 100 feet.
At a point of our view of Marietta, that indicated by the large
sign on which is seen the word "Remington," the reader can find
what may be called the cradle of the sewing machine business in At-
lanta.although less than a dozen years have passed since the erection
of this fine business block. Many changes have taken place in the
sewing machine trade of this section. The present occupants of
No, 31 are the well known firm of Fred Bell & Co. The senior
partner of this house was born and raised in England ; coming to-
America in 1852, he has been engaged in the sewing machineibusi-
ness over a score of years, Mr. Bell was one of the first occupants
of Opera House building, and for ten years past, amid the many
changes that have transpired has steadily maintained a prominent
position as a wholesale dealer. At present the house of Fred Belt
& Co. are sole agents for the Stewart Sewing Machines and needles,
parts, oil and attachment for all machines, which they sell .strictly
to the trade only, having exclusive control of the States of Georgia,
Alabama, South Carolina and Florida. This was one of the first
houses in the South to sell sewing machines as merchandize.
The Boiler Works of Jas, A, Gifford, are at 222 Marietta street.
Mr, Gifford manufactures boilers, wrought and sheet iron work,.
He furnishes our leading factories and shops in this line, which is
a sufficent proof of his skiU.
E, L, Winham, printer. No, 81-2 Marietta street, has one of the
raost complete of the smaller job establishments of the city. He
has recently added several more presses to his press room, m.aking
his facilities excellent for general work,
Wm. Brenner, manufacturer of and dealer in mill stones, porta
ble mills, and mill findings, is at 320 and 322 Marietta street Mr.-
Brenner employs an average of six to ten hands, and his annual
sales will amount to $25,000. He sells into the Southern States gen
erally, and his ivork is first class, finding a good raarket where-
ever it is introduced. Mr. Brenner has been in this business a great
many years, and understands his trade in all its details.
John Davis, 221 Marietta street, has a brass foundry and ma
chine shop, where he does the best of work in his line. He has a

I70 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
'brick building of good dimensions, partly two-stories high, and on a
corner lot. Mr, Davis is a practical machinist, is skillful and indus
trious, and has thus built himself up by degrees, until he has a
foundry of his own and a good business.
The Atlanta Coffin Factory, of L, H. Hall, & Co., is near Mari
etta street, on the corner of Elliott and Newton streets. It is one
of the biggest manufacturing enterprises of Atlanta. The capital
invested in grounds, buildings and machinery, is about S5o,ooo,
and employs some fifty hands. $50,000, however, would not buy
it. It is a very successful enterprise. Started four years ago on
Decatur street, its business grew so rapidly that it necessitated the
building of a factory. The building, which is three stories high,
140x160 feet in dimensions, exclusive of engine and drying rooms,
is heated by steam pipes. The manufacture of coffins and caskets
covers every style and price, and they are shipped all over the
South. In looking at the stock one would think that he saw every
kind made, both wood and metallic, so perfect is the imitation of
metal and of the various kinds of wood. They are prepared to ship
at telegram's notice, any desired style or size, so complete is their
stock and machinery. There are two acres surrounding the factory
which wiU be used at an early day for factory cottages. L. H, Hall
and E, E. Rawson are the company.
The Atlanta Cotton Factory is one of the great indus
tries ofthe city, located on this street, 170 and 172. On account
of financial difficulties in the building and starting of it, it has been
placed in the hands of a receiver, ex-Governor R, B. Bullock, who
is now managing it with success.
The Atlanta Brass Foundry, Geo. R. Meneely & Co,, are near
Marietta street, on the corner of Foundry and the Western &
Atlantic railroad. The building, which is of brick, is owned by the
company, as also about an acre of land. The Atlanta foundry
was established to look after the interest of the company in the
Southern States. Thev manufacture Hopkins' patent self-fitting
journal bearings, and supply a great many railroads. Several
hands are employed. The foundry has facilities for general brass
castings, but makes no bells.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

171

E. Van Winkle & Co,, 214 and 216 Marietta street, and 16, 18
and 20 Foundry street, manufacture cotton gins, presses, circular
saws, saw mills, shafting, mill gearing, castings, etc. This is the
leading estabUshment of this kind, not only of Atlanta, but of Geor
gia, To give an idea of its growth and magnitude it need only be
said that three or four years ago they occupied the factory as
shown in the accompaying cut ; since that time this has been re
placed by a mammoth brick structure covering nearly an acre of
ground, fronting 115 feet on Marietta, 180 on Foundry, and 250
on the Western & Atlantic railroad. The average number of
hands is about seventy-five, and the capital invested from seventy-
!five to a hundred thou.
sand dollars. It will be
seen that this is one ol
the great industries ol
the city that go to make
up its prosperity. It nol
only feeds three or foui
hundred people, but it
enriches the city by its
sales, which ramify Geor -
gia and .neighboring
-States, There is no gin
in the market more pop
ular than the Van Winkle, and it has been difficult to keep up with
the orders for it. The firm is composed of E, Van Winkle, who is
a practical machinist, and has been engaged in the business many
years, and Mr, W. W. Boyd, who manages the books and finances.

. VAN WINKLE & CO'S.

FORSYTH STREET.
Messrs, Geo, W, Scott & Co,, guano manufacturers, are located
upon this street. They have a great and growing trade for their
-manufactures. Their new factory is on the Georgia railroad near
the city limits.
.^very, & Sons, carriages, wagans and plows occupy the whole
•of the large warehouse building corner of Forsyth and Alabama
:streets. This is a branch of the LouisvUle house, which is one of

M V Vf ill

J J-

lIlR

I

J

^«L^ t

\!
ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 173
the largest establishments in the United States, It is coraplete in
its departments, and always has an immense stock on hand. Mr.
¦George L. MUler is the raanager of the Atlanta Branch.
Logan cS: Co., flour merchants, are at 18 S, Forsyth street, near
Marietta, The firm is composed of Frank R, Logan and James L,
Logan. They have been in the business for many years, and have
sold heavily in this and neighboring sections. So great has their
business grown that they have occupied recently their present large
store, or fire-proof warehouse, where they keep on hand the differ-
¦ent grades of flour they sell. They have mUls of their own at Bridge
port, East Tennessee, the firm there being Susong, Logan & Co.
Logan &: Co., handle in this raarket all the brands of their raills,
the Waverly and the Bridgeport, and also the brands of other mills.
They are wholesale dealers in flour and grain,
B, M.Winn & Co., wholesale dealers in tobacco and cigars, have
their office at No. 18. The firm consists of Frank R. Logan, of Lo
gan & Co., and B. M. Winn, who has been in the business for eleven
years, which gives him a valuable experience. They deal in North
Carolina tobacco, buying from first parties. The firm of B. M. Winn
.& Co., are also manufacturers' agents for tobacco and cigars.

WEST ALABAMA STEEET.
Maddux, Rucker, & Co,, 36 West Alabama street, are bankers,
¦cotton factors, and dealers in fertilizers. They have recently erected
a magnificent warehouse, one of the largest and best in the State.
Col. R. F. Maddox, the senior merabgr of the firm, is one of At
lanta's oldest and most respected citizens. He is of those citizens
who are always prominent in public enterprises, that speed the
¦city on its way of prosperity. He was a prominent member of
the citizens' committee, which drafted our new charter, a work of
^reat blessing, and one that will be more and more beneficial as
the city grows older. Col. Maddox has often been honored by the
people with official station, and has discharged his duty to their
satisfaction. A few years since, at a very critical period he w as
chairman of the Aldermanic Board, and in that capacity managed
the finances of the city so well, as to improve greatly its financia

174 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.
condition and largely advance the general interests of the city. He
is now and has been an active raeraber of the Executive Committee
of the International Cotton Exposition, and has earnestly labored
to make it a grand success. In business he has been uniformly
prosperous, and his integrity alike in coraraercial and official life,
united with fine capacity, is the secret of his honorable prominence
and success. In his present extensive business his partners are
possessed of high character and qualities for its successful manage
ment.

HUNTER STREET.
This is a very important street and is still to be more prominent.
Our new Court House is upon it, and the State Capitol will be in a
few years. The city hall and park are on this street. The building
is jointly used at present by county and city officers, A look
within it any day will reveal some faithful officers at work. There
is C, M, Payne, one of the' quietest and finest of gentlemen, and
one of the best county treasurers in the State of Georgia. He
is so popular with the people that they select hira every time.
A. M. Perkerson, the Sheriff, and one of the best any county
ever had, here has his office with his assistants, and is as clever a.
man as he is a faithful official
Near this is the Ordinary's office, now filled by Judge Wm.
Lowndes Calhoun, one of the most popular men in Fulton county,
in this particular very like his father, who in his life-time held many
offices at the hands of the people. Judge Calhoun has been a.
member of the Legislature, was last year Mayor of the city, and was
elected Ordinary by a flattering vote. He is a good lawyer, and
wiU make a good judge in the Ordinary's courts. In all county
matters within his jurisdiction he will doubtless serve the county
faithfully. Upon the same floor are the offices of the City Clerk, Marshal
and Tax Receiver. This latter gentleman is Jas, A, Anderson, who-
has h'ad quite a noted and certainly very honorable career in
Atlanta, Coming here quite a young man, he worked his way into-
the confidence of the people, has represented his ward in Council,
was several years Chief of Police under the new system, and has-

176 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
been recently elected to the ofiice he now holds by the City Council,
During most of this time his law partner was John B. Goodwin, a
young lawyer, whose career has been quite similar, representing his
ward in Council and being now one of the three Aldermen of the city
by the general vote of the citizens Last year he narrowly missed
being nominated for the State Senate, which would have been equiv
alent to an election, Mr, Goodwin is attentive to his duties as a
city official and is an active participant in the proceedings of the
General Council.
Bergstrom's printing house, 2J E. Hunter street, isa neat build-
building, 30x75 feet, specially erected for him, and finely adapted to
the printing business. He does journal, book and job printing,
and has an experience of many years in his profession. Mr. J, K.
Tnrower is the foreman or assistant of Mr. Bergstrom, and is a
very worthy gentleman, who has been in the printing business for
.a long period. He is also one of the five PoUce Commissioners
who control the poUce force of the city, having been elected to this
responsible position by the General Council.
Tichnor, Dunlop & Co., at No. 1 1 East Hunter street, are gen
eral job and book printers. They have a new office, with the latest
-Styles of type, and four or five presses. They employ an average
-of ten or a dozen printers. Their work is excellent and satisfac
tory and has brought them a large custom.
A, Ergenzinger's is headquarters for upholstery, at 12 East Hun
ter street. The manufacture of awnings and tents is a specialty.
The flour mills of Henry Lewis, corner of Hunter and Thompson
streets, rank among the leading enterprises of the Gate City. They
have been established seven years, and the popularity of their pro
ducts is such that it is almost impossible for Mr. Lewis to keep up
with his orders, though his mills have a capacity of two hundred
barrels a day. Lewis Patent Process, Choice and Extra Family
brands find sale in numerous States, especially Georgia and South
•Carolina. The flour sells well in any market.

ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA . i -n

OTHER PROiAIINENT HOUSES,
The hardware house of McNaught & Scrutchin is on White
haU street. This is an old firm, JNIr. Wm, INIcNaught, the senior
member, was born in Scotland, but came to Atlanta frora Newport,
Florida, where he was in the commission and cotton business
many years with James Ormond, In Atlanta, with Mr, Thomas
Scrutchin and Mr. Ormond, he started a hardware store. His
place of business was destroyed during the war, but he rebuilt after
it. In 1 864 he started a paper mill in connection with Colonel J. G.
Foreacre, and liter built another mUl, Mr, Thomas Scrutchin is
partner in both the hardware business and the mills.
Hutchison & Bro., I4 Whitehall street, have a very fine drug
store, complete in all its appointraents. They carry in stock all
drugs, medicines and other goods usually found in such a store,
and a fine line of toilet articles, including an excellent cologne of
their own manufacture. They also carry a stock of the most pop
ular patent remedies. They manufacture, themselves, a remedy
which has won a large reputation, Neuralgine, for the cure of neu
ralgia and he'adache. The merits of this remedy have the endorse
ment "of many prominent and widely known persons. The pre
scription department of this establishment is reliable, and medi
cines are compounded by corapetent pharmaceutists. This store
has a very large city trade, and it is growing in public favor.
The Wheeler & WUson Sewing Machine has gained a wide pop
ularity in the South, and especially in Georgia. Their headquar
ters in this city, on Whitehall street, are very elegant. Mr. Wey-
burn is the manager of this department.
O. L, BraurauUer & Co,, No 35 Whitehall street, have a large stock
of pianos and organs, including the Chickering piano and Mason
& Hamlin organ. This is a branch house of Ludden & Bates of
Savannah, one of the greatest music houses of the South. Pur
chasers will always find a varied stock in store from which
to select, Messrs. BraumuUer & Co., also keep sheet music, and
can supply any demand for it, however great. Their business is ex-
-cellent and growing.

1 78 ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA .

MITCHELL STREET.
Messrs. W. J. WiUingham & Co., on Mitchell street at the cross
ing of the Central railroad, are extensive dealers, wholesale and re
tail, of dressed and undressed lumber, flooring and ceiling, and
make a specialty of selling in car load lots. Located immediately
on the Une of road leading from the^great lumber regions of Geor
gia, they have great facilities in the trade. Mr. WiUingham estab
lished the business last year, coming from Forsyth, where he was
highly respected. He has formed a partnership with W. A, WUl-
ingham, of Columbus,- and J, T, WiUingham, of Atfenta, the latter
of whom has charge of the books of the concern,
M, E, Maher, wholesale liquors, 11 West Mitchell street, has been
a member of Council, and in that capacity served the city well. The
citizens will remember his efforts in a number of important mat
ters, which by his energy and persistent work were pushed to a
successful issue for the city, saving a large amount to its, treasury.
W. T, Wilson, 14 Mitchell street, is the manager for Atlanta,
and this section of the Davis vertical feed sewing machine. He sells
at wholesale to merchants throughout the South. The Davis ma
chine has won distinction at our fairs, and does most beautiful work.

LINE STREET.
W. L. Jarvis, manufacturer of carriages, buggies, sewing ma
chine wagons, and other styles of vehicles, has his factory at 44
Line street, and his repository just around the corner from it, on
Pryor street, Mr, Jarvis is one of the first manufacturers of the
State, and his vehicles are made with skill, showing strength,
gracefulness, elegance and beauty. He has won numerous prem
iums on his work. He has made great reputation on the manu
facture of sewing machine wagons, having made a large number
for the Singer and Wheeler machine companies, and has sold them
clear into Texas, notwithstanding the large freight expense neces
sarily incurred. Mr, Jarvis has built up a fine business, and employs
quite a numerous force of wood workers, blacksmiths and painters.
On the corner of Peachtree and Line street is the firm of T. M.

CLARKE CO., CORNER LINE AND PEACHTREE STREETS.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

Clarke & Co., mentioned elsewhere. The accompanying illustra
tion of their magnificient building is exact, with the exception that
Messrs. Clarke & Co., now occupy the entire building from top to
bottom, the old Eastman college having disappeared years ago,
finding there was no room for another business college in a city
where Moore's University is.

DECATUR STREET,
McBride & Co's. wholesale and retail crockery estabUshment is
situated at the corner of Decatur and Pryor streets. The business
of this house is immense, and has grown with great strides in the
last few years. In 1878 they occupied the second story of quite a
large buUding on the corner of Line and Pryor streets, the interior
view of which was quite handsome. But their trade speedily outgrew

INTERIOR VIEW OF M BEIDE

this, and they added the lower floor, thus occupying the entire build
ing. Recently they leased the largest and handsomest building, with
few exceptions, in the city, using four great floors for their business.
which extends all over the South. . They are large importers, re
ceiving gopds direct from England, France, Germany, Japan and
other countries of the old world. To Col. A. J, McBride, the sen-

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

ior of the firm, is due a large part of the credit for the making of
Atlanta a port of entry, he devoting much valuable time to this end,
and making many trips to Washington, Their present stock of
imported and domestic
goods is very large, and
no need exists for any
merchant in this section
to go North or East for
supplies. The useful, the
beautiful.and the artistic,
in this line, may be seen
in all their glory at this
house. McBride & Co.
are agents for the Seth
Thomas clocks, and gen
eral agents for the United
States and the world for
the famous Lambreth's
Improved Fly Fan,which
they are now exporting
to all countries. Each
floor of this establish
ment is a beautiful pal
ace, to see which is one
of the pleasures of a visit to Atlanta.

MERIDE & CO. — FRONT VIEW.

Merchants who want to buy
crockery, wood ware, tin ware, cutlery, show cases, etc, can no*- do
better than to call at McBride's, The firm now consists of A. J.
McBride. S. L. McBride, and Russell C. Johnson, who. commenced
for his board as clerk in 1873, but through constant attention and
fidelity to his duties, recently became a member of the firm, and
financial manager.
The Builders Supply House, of Messrs, Broomhead & Co., No.
36 Decatur street, has a full stock of doors, sash, blinds, builders
hardware, paints, and goods generally kept in their line. Mr. B. H.
Broomhead, senior of the firm, is well known as a leading builder
and contractor for many years in Atlanta, He erected the Library,
and many other prominent buildings in the city, and is a strong
man financially. Mr. Frank Tryon, managing salesman of the firm.

1 82 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.
has experience and capacity for making a successful business, and
Mr. John S. Broomhead handles the books and finances with effi
ciency and energy.
The Milburn Wagon Co. occupy all three stores under Library,
Decatur street. These hne warerooms contain at all times a large
stock of their wagons, carriages and buggies, as well as goods man
ufactured by others. This department is under the energetic man
agement of Mr. H. L. Atwater. The Milburn Wagon Company, of
Toledo, Ohio, is one of the largest in the country. It was organiz
ed in 1 848, at which time it commenced the manufacture of carriages
and wagons, and has grown to the massive proportions they now
exhibit. Their mammoth works occupy some thirty acres used as
lumber yards, store rooms, factory, offices etc., etc. The principal
buildings cover twelve acres, and are five stories in height, and are
of modern style of architecture, adapted especially to their purpose.
They have all the latest and most improved machinery known to
the trade. The force of hands ranges from 400 upwards. The
company states that they employ only skilled labor, and make it a
special rule to turn out none but the best work, that will stand the
test of time and use. Their material is also the best, and they em
ploy sufficient capital to allow them to fill their yards with lumber
and keep it until it is thoroughly seasoned. They have been award
ed many premiums and prizes. In addition to the regular farm
and plantation wagon, they are making a variety of platform, half
platform, three-spring, side-spring and side-bar business and pleas
ure wagons arid buggies. Some idea of the magnitude of their sales
will be had from the statement that during the past thirty-two
years some half miUion wagons have been sold. They have branch
houses for the sale of their goods at Atlanta, Ga.; Austin, Texas;
Memphis, Tenn.; CouhcU Bluffs, Iow;a St, Paul, Minn.; and San-
Antonio, Texas,
Messrs. Sciples & Sons, dealers in coal, lime, plaster, cement and
lumber, are on Decatur and Loyd, entrance from either street.
They do a very extensive business. They have recently embarked
in the manufacture of brooms, and have a large factory on Marietta
street, run by the most improved machinery. They sell brooms all
over the South.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

183

Traynham & Ray, Decatur street, have one of the largest estab
lishments of the city, and have a great trade in doors, sash, blinds,
and builder's materials. Their capital must be $50,000 or more,
having a very large brick building and mills furnished with the
best improved planing machinery. They occupy about an acre and
a half of ground on a leading street almost in a stone's throw of the
general railroad depot. They have a hundred employees, and thus

TR-IV-\HAI\I & RAV S PL.-\KING MILLS.

make one of the principal industries of the city. Their sales
amount to a hundred thousand dollars a year. Such establish
ments as these are immensely beneficial to the city, and are an in
dex to the city's growth and prosperity. Messrs. Traynham &
Ray have built up a business from small beginnings, which reflects
great credit upon their energy, skill and business capacity.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

PRYOR STREET.
This is a street noted, in its business portion, for the splendid
buildings upon it. Chief among them is the great Kimball House,
but there are other splendid buildings and blocks, among them the
RepubUc block, the Austell building on the corner of Decatur, the
Dodd building on the corner of Alabama, the five-story structure
occupied by McBride & Co,, and others. Some of the first whole
sale houses of the city are located on it, including grocery, hard
ware, and dry goods.
On the corner of WaU and Pryor streets, are M. C. & J. F. Kiser
& Co., wholesale dry goods. This is one of the leading houses of

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--lllllimiiiiiiiiiJiiiiiiinui

^I. C. & J. r . KISER & CO.
the South, doing an annual business of over one miUion of doUars.
Their trade extends into many States, merchants coming from
great distances to buy their stock from this house, because they
can buy as cheap as in New York. They occupy the whole of the
fine building, the various floors being devoted to separate depart
ments. Few firms in Atlanta reflect as much credit upon the city
and themselves as this. Their history is one of energetic struggle

i86

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

-crowned by briUiant success. M. C and J, F. Kiser came here from
CampbelFcounty, started their business and pushed straight ahead,
showing themselves masters of enterprise as well as energy and
-sterling business character. It was the first Atlanta house that
went direct to Europe for goods, Mr. J, F, Kiser going in person
and importing direct. There is not a firm in the South that has a
more solid reputation based upon character and notable success,
W. S, Everett and W. E. Reagan were admitted into the firm some
years since on account of their capacity and valuable service.

BECK, GREGG & CO S

On the corner of Pryor and Decatur is the hardware establish-
Tnent of Beck, Gregg & Co., which carries a great stock and enjoys
a trade extending into a number of States.
M. & J. Hirsch, clothiers, opposite the Kimball House, have an
immense stock of clothing, and have a great wholesale trade.

ILLUSTRA TED A TLANTA.

187

PLEASANT DRIVES,
Our streets and roads are of course not the best in the world but
there are pleasant drives nevertheless, and they will increase with
the growth of the city.
Ponce de Leon Springs is only a mile beyond the corporation
limits, north-east of the city, though it is within' police con
trol. Here thousands of people assemble during the summer days.

PONCE DE LEON SPRINGS,

¦and especially afternoons, both for the beautiful woodlands and
the refreshing water, which is a mineral of great virtue. The road
to it is over hill and into valley, and overlooks some yery fine, roUing
scenery. It may be reached by many streets, which converge on
a high ridge into the main Ponce de Leon road or the boulevard,
a recently laid out drive. Beautiful residences will be passed in
going out, giving an idea of the architecture of our streets. On
the ridge mentioned, a magnificent view is obtained of the city, which

ILL US TRA TED A TLAN TA .

lies stretched out with its spires and massive structures limned
against the sky.
A short distance east of the city, going out by the cemetery,.
in which is located the Confederate monument, a visitor will find the
monument of General McPherson, made of gun barrels. General
McPherson was killed in the battle of Atlanta, July 22. 1864.

RESIDENLE OF J i, PECK, I\ -i STRFET
A third drive is out on McDonough road, which leads to the
extensive nurseries of M. Cole & Co, to Clark University, and ta
the waterworks, some three miles from the city. This drive is full
of interest. The sight-seer may go out Washington street, passing
the City Hall, a nuraber of churches, and residences of Major Benj.
E. Crane, president of the chamber of commerce, U. S. Senator,
Joseph E. Brown, and the suburban villas of Wm. McNaught, R.
H. Knapp, and James Ormond, situated in beautiful groves, and
surrounded by meadows and streams. Returning, he will

,' ^.(fr^^;?"?* >.h" ¦

m'pHEKSOn'.s ,M(>NL'-Mh.N'i .

190

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

take McDonough street, one of the oldest in the city, and one o
the most prominent of residence streets.

KES1UKj\CE ov j. ,.¦. \V\ LIE, PEACHTREE. STREET.
The. Atlanta Nurseries of Messrs. M. Cole & Co. are just outside the
city,, on the McDonough road, which within the city becomes Mc-

RESIDENCE OF \V. u. COX, IVY STREET.

Donough street, one of the oldest and leading streets of the city.
Their nurseries are quite extensive, and their business has enlarged-

ENTRANCE TO THE ATLANNA NURSERIRS, MCDONOUGH ROAD,

RESUiENXE r,F u. F. '.V\ [.V. WASH INGTON ST.

SUBURBAN EESIDENCE OF WM. MC NAUGHT, WASHINGTON ST.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

193

-with great rapidity. In 1868 they grew only some thirty thousand
trees, chiefly fruit. A few years later, the number had increased
to five hundred thousand, the culture of evergreens and roses hav
ing been added. Their trade extends into different States, and
they must grow at this time a much greater number of trees to
supply the increased demand. AU kinds of standard and dwarf
fruit, nut trees, grape vines, the various most palatable berries, and

RESIDENCli OF JULIUS

BROWN, WASI-IINGTON .'.T.

ornarnental, evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, and roses
in their choicest varieties, are grown. Messrs. Cole & Co., contract
to plant orchards and ornamental grounds. Visitors to the Cotton
Exposition will netice their work, for the grounds of the Exposi-
were planted by them. A telephone connects the office of the Nur
series with the city.
A fourth drive is out Peachtree stree the Fifth Avenue of Atlanta,
as WhitehaU is its Broadway. Upon his street is the Governor's
Mansion, that of U, S, Senator Ben Hill, and splendid residences

194

ILLUSTRA TED A 'I LANTA.

ILL US TRA TED A TLA N TA . 195
that would not discredit any street in this country. Upon it live
quite a number of the prominent citizens of Atlanta, The resi
dences extend some two miles.
A fifth drive leads east by Decatur street to the villages of Edge-
wood and Kirkwood, in the latter of which resides ex-Senator Jno,

1 -^

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v&A *. ? ,-ft^:i -i™' ,

¦*,*.-

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-*P-
\ f -
i '
~
NESIUE.NCE OF G. W.
B. Gordon. This drive passes by the Oakland cemetery, on the
right, and is one of the routes to it. Still another drive is out
Marietta street, which presents a view of the capitol, custora house,
and factories, and leads to Oglethorpe Park, where the Interna
tional Cotton Exposition is held.
Another drive is to West End, directly west of the city. This
196

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

RESIDENCE OF S. M. INMAN, SOUTH FORSYTH STREET.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

197

suburban vUlage, which is really a continuation of Atlanta, is chiefly
reached via WhitehaU or Peters street, which both furnish pleas
ant views of residences. McPherson Barracks, where United States
soldiers are always quartered and a splendid band discourses de-

RESIDENCE OF H, i\. FULLER, WHITEHALL ST,
lightful music every afternoon, is on the line between West End
and Atlanta, In West End is another mineral spring, and other
points of attraction, among which is a beautiful lake on the
premises of Col, B, J. Wilson.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

ILL US 7 RA TED A TLANTA.

199

BEStDKNCE OF JUD&E GEO. HILLYER, EAST PETEBS ST.

RESIDENCE OF A. C. "VVYLY. WASHINGTON ST.

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA,

RESIDENCE OF S. L. MCEBIDE, COOf'ER ST.

RESIDENCE OF WM. LAIRD, RAWSON ST.

ILL US TRA TED AT LA N TA .

REMARKS,
Accessibility has been mentioned as one of the special attractions
of Atlanta, It can be reached from all the great cities of the
country within twenty-four, or forty-eight hours, passengers now
breakfasting in New York one day, and taking late breakfast in
Atlanta the next. Equally are the interesting sections of the
country accessible to Atlanta, twenty-four hours transporting its
citizens to Florida, the "Land of Flowers," the raountains of Vir
ginia, the leading suraraer resorts, and the sea shore.
But Atlanta has scenery of a high order right around her. Two
hours ride on the Atlanta & Charlotte road carries one to the "Swit-
zerland of
A me rica."
From a point
on Peachtree
street, on the
right the eye
can sweep
across inter
vening valleys
to the famous
Stone Moun
tain, a solid
raass of gran
ite, rising to a
height of twelve hundred feet; and on the left to the northwest, loom
up in plain view, among others, the Kennesaw Mountains, now his
toric as fiercely contested battle grounds of the civil war, and near
which is a large National Cemetery for the Federal dead. These latter
mountains are only twenty miles distant, while a two hours drive
over a good dirt road will take us to Stone Mountain, a distance of
sixteen miles. This mountain is a curiosity not only in itself, but
in the process of stone cutting, by a large force of experienced and
skiUed workmen, who are constantly chiseling monuraents, build
ing and paving stones, and all other forms of granite in popular
use, where durability and exceUence is desired.

EESIDEKOE AND STOKE OF JOSEPH SMITH, M'DONOtTGH ST,

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

OGLETHORPE PARK,
Atlanta has very little need at present, for an extensive park, as
the iraraediate country for railes around furnishes nature's own
park of woodland and streara for pleasure-strolling and recreation.
What the city needs most is a nuraber of small parks within the

/?rt L-.'r'iAtf:,'' ^^

ENTRANCE TO OGLETHORPE PARK.

corporate limits. However, looking to the future, the city purchas
ed some years since a tract of land, fifteen or twenty acres, on Ma
rietta street, with a view to its improvement for public use. It is
about one mile beyond the city limits, and embraces ridge and valley,
with a small lake. It has been used for State and county fairs, and
has a race-track of a half mile circuit, within which are now the

ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.

""»

203

Will ^m.^ssi ^^:A M^ . ,

a f

il "1*1

' 1'  fili,l|' ' !

llV"

^^^ uy -^-^''' 'll  '

204

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

Exposition buildings, ten or twelve in number. The Exposition
Hotel, by Phil. F. Brown, of the famous Blue Ridge Springs of

,.1 t>. '¦'{<

Virginia, is just outside the grounds, and is both an attraction and:
a curiosity.

2o6

ILLUSTRATED ATI.A.\7A.

A BIRD'S EYE VIEW.

In conclusion, after a presentation of details and illustrations of
the business, architecture, and progress of Atlanta, the reader will

KESIOKxei-: OP w. p. patillo, east FAIK STft-l':ET.
get a still broader comprehension of this great young city from
a bird's eye view of it. This view shows all of the city except its
outskirts.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 209

FINAL OBSERVATIONS.

From the foregoing pages a reader may gather a very good idea
of Atlanta's past, present, and prospective future. The facts
demonstrate that Atlanta will grow speedily to twice its present
size. It possesses every requisite for this result There is not an
element of progress lacking. In every field of enterprise there
are earnest and successful laborers, and in every depart
ment of professional skill. Manufacturing is done upon the most
extensive scale. Mercantile business has its mammoth establish
ments ; professional skill is abundant ; lawyers and physicians of
almost national distinction are citizens of Atlanta. There is a
painter here, J. VanStavoren, whose portraits are triumphs of genius.
In addition to the railroad facilities of Atlanta, Mr. Walter R.
Brown has obtained a charter for the construction of a canal to
supply the city with water for manufacturing and transportation
purposes. Mr. Brown is one of the prominent young men of the
city, and would not engage in a project of this kind were it not a
feasible one. Mr, H. I. Kimball is also organizing a company.
The proposed route is via Gainesville from the Chattahoochee.
The banks and banking capital of the city are excellent. In the
great panic of 1873, which destroyed so many of the banking in
stitutions of the country, the Atlanta banks were able to stand
The Atlanta National Bank, the oldest in the city, was a bulwark
-of confidence, that imparted moral strength as well as financial
aid. This bank has much in common with Atlanta, and the history
of the two are interwoven in the march of progress. The Bank
of Fulton will be remembered by many of our citizens. It was
established in 1845 by Alfred Austell and E. W. Holland. It made
a character that never left it. After the war it was changed into
the Atlanta National Bank, General Austell continuing to be its
President. It is one of the strongest banking institutions of the
South, and especially so in the character and financial standing of
its managers and stockholders. It has done much in aiding the

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

RESIDENCB OF HERMAN WERNKR, WHITEHALL STREET.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

merchants to undertake great enterprises and enlarge the prosperity
of Atlanta.
The city is well supplied with newspapers. There are two dailies,
the Constitution and Post-Appeal ; the Gazette, Phonograph,
Sunny South, Christian Inde.x, Weekly Post, and other weeklies,
are published here. There are also medical, literary and agricultural
journals. The trade of Atlanta is rapidly extending into wider and more
distant territory. The drummers, or commercial travelers, for
Atlanta houses swarm over Georgia and surrounding States. The
majority of these men are of notable intelligence and activity.
There is a newspaper traveling agent. Col. Thomas A. Acton, who
is the equal of any in the South. Coming to Atlanta in 1858, he
published 20,000 copies of the " Life of Crocket," who was hung
for the murder of Landrum. Having a predilection for the printing
business, he engaged in it in one way and another till about 1868,
when he becarae connected with the Atlanta Constitution, and has
traversed Georgia for that paper till he knows every foot of its soil,
with unequalled success in gathering subscribers. His energy,
notwithstanding he weighs three hundred pounds, and his genial
manners, add to the effectiveness of his work. He has accumu
lated considerable property, and is a good and useful citizen.
The building of the Ath.nta Female College, now in process of
erection, wiU be very handsome,
Mr, W, M. Scott's clothing house, No. 11 WhitehaU street, is
erroneously printed No. 21 on page 139.
Dr. Josiah Bradfield, at 26 Whitehall, has an exceUent drug store.
On page 140, the notice of his establishraent is concluded with
paragraphs belonging to the preceding section, which the reader
will readily detect.
Wilson & Bro., No. 10 Broad street, are -W. S. Wilson & Bro.,
Mr. J, C. Wilson being the resident and managing partner.
T. R. Ripley, not T. H., as stated on a preceding page, is the
pioneer crockery rnan of Atlanta.
Thomas & Richter are doing a large business in furniture. Mr.
H. W. Thomas, and not W. H,, as printed on page 144, is the
senior partner. ~They make a fine display at the Exposition.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

Mr. S, F. Solomonson is the watchmaker and jeweler No. 35
Whitehall. The types changed his name somewhat, but it would
not alter his reputation as one of the best in his line of business in
Atlanta. C. W, Motes & Co. are at No, 96 — not 90 — WhitehaU street.
Their harness and saddlery estabUshment is first-class in every
respect. On page 155, mention is made of the very large wholesale house
of Fuller & Oglesby, The types not satisfied in writing the initials
of Mr. H. A Fuller wrongly, also changed the final syllable, Mr.
FuUer has been in the grocery business in Atlanta thirteen years,
and Mr. Oglesby sixteen. Their names are certainly very familiar,
but types will do these things occasionally.
The Atlanta Soap Factory, Wm. Clifford Neff & Co., proprietors,
have removed their office to a more central location — No. 37 South
Pryor street.
One of the handsomest establishments in the South is in the
splendid building pictured on page 181, The firm of McBride &
Co, is composed of A. J. McBride, S. L. McBride and RusseU C.
Johnson. The initials of one name were incorrectly printed in the
former notice.
T, S, Lewis, the large candy manufacturer, was compelled to
enlarge his establishment. His factory, bakeries and office now
occupy 54, 58, 60 and 62 East Alabama street.
The Central Planing Mills are doing a large business in doors,
sashes, blinds, etc. The firm is composed of W. L, Traynham and
D. J. Ray. These gentlemen have built up a business of great
value to the prosperity of Atlanta.
Fulton Planing Mills, J. M. Nace, proprietor, are also on Decatur
street. Messrs, Walden & Stowe have, at 1 10 Whitehall street, a branch
book store, as at Cincinnati, Chicago and St, Louis. Mr, H, C.
Jones is the manager of the Atlanta house.
On Marietta street is a very important industry recently started
in Atlanta by those enterprising gentlemen, Sciple & Sons, Else
where allusion is made to their extensive coal and lumber yards,
and also their broom factory. At this factory they are now manu-

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 213
facturing broom and hoe handles separately for the trade. They
have also added another new enterprise — the recutting of old files
and manufacturing of new. The work is done by skilled labor,
and is as good as any turned out in the United States, The enter
prise of Messrs, Sciple & Sons is most commendable, and is justly
meeting with large success. Their entire business, including that
of coal and lumber, has assumed great proportions, and extends
into a very wide territory.
An evidence of the constant growth of Atlanta is found in the
great amount of business done by its railroads, AU the roads are
well officered. They nearly always furnish a city official — at
present two. Mr. L. C.Jones, of the Western and Atlantic Road,
is not only one of the best of railroad officials, but makes a most
excellent meraber of Council, He is now representing the Fifth
ward, but is a candidate for Alderraan, Being a business man of
fine capacity, he would fill the position well, and the finances of the
city would be well managed as to his part of the work and respon
sibility, and the best interests of the city advanced.
Mess, White & MiUer, corneiiof Broad and Hunter streets, have
engines, saw mills, grist mills, and agricultural machinery gener
ally, for sale. The senior, Mr. J, J, White, has been in the business
in Atlanta for a considerable period.
In a few years Atlanta will, in all probability, have a good canal
in addition to present advantages. In a recent interview. Col, Z.
D, Harrison, clerk of the State Supreme Court, in answer to ques
tions from a reporter of a daily paper, said that the recent surveys
were made by a company which was organized some years ago, and
who have only been waiting for a favorable time to interest Northern
capital. The feasibility of the enterprise was placed beyond
doubt, and at a cost not exceeding that anticipated. The company
is largely composed of prominent Atlanta business men. During^
the past winter, or early last spring, Mayor English, after his re
turn from New York, called the attention of the city government to
the matter. He became a stockholder in the company about that
time and was made a director. He had, while at the North, talked
with capitalists and entertained strong hopes that the necessary
means could be had to build the canal should its feasibiUty be dem-

214

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

\

¦> *9^ 4 Ji ^

.» A "A

¦*'-!•'- '••^g
1
*-- -i- v- "¦sssai .
-\^ ' r-M;'r>5^yj^ ^ 1
^^^^1'^
^¦•. '"'•^'^S **-
'Wi;US€'i^^ k'
ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 215
onstrated. Surveys had already been made, but there were still
points in doubt, and to settle these points the recent survey from
Seven Island ford and Carter's shoal was made. This was long
before anything had appeared in the papers relative to the building of
the canal at an early day, and since then Mayor English has been
actively engaged, working up some practical plan to give us the
benefit of this enterprise.
This much of the interview is quoted to show that the canal is a
probability of the near future. In Mayor English the enterprise
wUl find an efficient and tireless worker, as the City finds him in all
matters looking to its progress. Under his official administration.
the city has great prosperity. The value of the taxable property
of the city is assessed at twenty-two miUions of dollars, and is rap
idly increasing. The income of the city government wUl soon be
sufficient for all purposes of internal improvements. An evidence
of the prosperous condition of the city is found in the fact that it
was recently able to place an issue of 5 per cent, bonds (to meet
others faUing due) at par.
The police department is under the separate control of a Board
of Commissioners. Their names will be found in an appendix.
Mr. G. T. Dodd is the chairman ; W. T. Goldsmith, Amos Fox,
C. W. Hancock and J. K. Thrower, are the members of the Board.
Dr. Goldsmith has been secretary of the Board since the organiza
tion, (and also a commissioner) which are facts highly complimen
tary to him.
We also append directories of city and State governments.

2i6 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

STATE GOVERNMENT~1881.

Goverttor — Alfred H, Colquitt,
Attorney-General — Clifford Anderson,
Comptroller-General — William A, Wright.
Secretary of State — N. C. Barnett,
Treasurer — D. N. Speer.
Commissioner of Agriculture — John T, Henderson,
The Judiciary,
Supreme Court — James Jackson, Chief Justice ; Martin J, Craw-
ord and Alexander M, Speer, Associate Justices,
Clerk — Z. D. Harrison,

CITY GOVERNMENT-IBS'!.

Mayor — Jaraes W. English ; office, 35 S, Broad street,
Alderinen — Charles Beerman, J, B. Goodwin and R. J. Lowry.
Councilmen — First Ward — J. J. Barnes, A. J. Pinson.
Second Ward — John Berkele. R. H. Knapp.
Third Ward — T. J. Buchanan, D. A, Beatie,
Fourth Ward — T, J. Boyd, J. W. Johnson,
Fifth Ward — L, C, Jones, W, D, Payne,
City Attorney — W. T. Newman,
Police Force,
Connally, A, B„ Chief,
Starnes, W. A,, Captain, Bagby, D. N,, Captain.
Aldredge, N. G., Captain. Couch, E, F,, Captain,
STATION HOUSE KEEPERS.
Spyers, G, P. A, Buchanan, J. F.

ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA.

217

King, W. A.
Barnes, L. P,
Baird, J, C,
Brenning, C,
Bone, W, H,
Brooks, A. A.
Crim, W, M,
Christophine, F,
Dennard, W, F,
Flynn, Wm,
Foute, W, E,
-Goodson, A, H,
Glover, J. W,
Holland, M, N,
Haynes, R. O,
Joiner, J. C.
Lynch, J.T.
Mercer, J, L.
McWiUiams. 
Menkin, Fritz.
Belcher, Sol,

SANITARY OFFICERS. Veal, T. E.

POLICEMEN,

Moon, Z, B,
Moss, A. J,
Manly, W, P,
McEwen, W, F,
Norman, J, W.
Parish, J. R.
Rapp, J. E.
Russell, J. G.
Spier, J, W,
Starnes, Henry.
Seirdan, W. N.
Simmons, M. T,
Steerraan, J, C,
Stroud, J. H.
Thorapson, Thomas.
Thurman, J. M.
Weaver, J. W,
West, Nat,
Reid, Z, T,

CEMETERY GUARDS. Stroud, S, A.

INDEX.

Atlanta Hotel, 27.
Atlanta, 28.
Atlanta and West Point Railroad, 30.
Athenceum, 37.
Austell, A., 38, 127, 209.
Association, Young Men's Christian, 38.
Alexander, Dr. J. F., 39.
Annual sales, 40.
Atlanta, Battle of, 45.
Adair, Geo. W., 54, 65, 70. 106.
Angier, N. L., 68,
Alexander, Tom. 70.
Annual Business, 117.
Alabama street, 138.
Atlanta National Bank, 156, 209.
Adair, W. F., 20.
Arms, Fred, 20.
Atlanta, Future of. 133.
Atlanta, Growth of, 132.
Avery & Sons, 171.
Anderson, James A., 174.
Atwater, H. L., 182.
Atlanta Nurseries, 190.
Acton, Thomas A., 210.
B
Barnett, N. C, 17.
Baptists, 29, 89.
Baker, Rev. Joseph. 22, 38.
Bomar, B. F., 29.
Bank, First, 34.
Baptist Churcn, Second, 35.
Bellingrath, L., 37.
Bellingrath, A. 37.
Bank, Fulton, 38.
Bain, D. M., 53.
Bank, Atlanta Savings, 70.
Biggers, Dr. S. T., 97.
Baker, W. 164.

Bell, Fred& Co., 169.
Brenner, Wm., 169.
Bullock, R. B., 170, 119.
Brown, J. E., 27. 53, 58, 61, 74, 122, 128,
Brown, Julius L., 64, 102, 132, 161, 193.
Burke, J. F., 64, 67.
Brown, Phil. F., 77, 205.
Bird's Eye View — Map, 207.
Brown, Charles, 59.
Bleckley, L. E., 21, 61, 69.
Bradstreet, 159.
Bray, G. R., 160.
Benevolent Assoeiation, 64.
Brown, W. R., 65. 106, 209.
BoUman, W., 139,
Bradfield, Dr. Josiah, 139, 209.
Banks, 127.
Beland, Dr K. H., 112.
Brass Foundry, 170.
Boyd, W. W.,171.
Bergstrom A. M., 176.
BraumuUer, O. L. A Co., 177.
Broomhead, B. H., 181.
Broomhead & Co. 181.
Broomhead, John S., 182.
Beck, Breeg& Co., 186.

Cahn, L., 58.
Crane & Langston, 157.
Clarke, Lewis, 159.
CathoUc Library Association, 67, 103.
Cox, W. B., 37, 67, 69, 127, 190.
Church, Loyd street Methodist, 55.
Church, Payne's 55.
Church. St. Paul, 35.
Church, Fourth and Fifth Baptist, 55.
Clarke, E. Y., 56.
Concordia, 58.
Cohen, J. L., 58.
Crane, B. E., 84, 106, 127, 188.

INDEX,

219

¦Capital, State, 80, 128.
¦Culpefiper, J. W., 107.
Court House, County, 112.
Cottou, 114,
Christian Association, 103.
Conley, Ex-Gov. Benj., 106.
Courtney J. C.64.
Coker F. M., 194.
Creek Indians, 17.
Central Railroad, 17.
Carlyle, Willis, 19. '
Collier, Wash., 20.
Calhoun, John C. 27.
Collier, John, 28.
Church, the First, 23.
Citizers, Early, 24.
Collins, James, 24.
Cooper Mark A., 26.
Catholics, 29.
Cemetery, 34, 86.
Christian Church, organized, 34.
Census, 37.
Cole, M., 37, 38, 188.
Clarke, Thomas M., 37, 39, 53 165.
Clarke, Jno. M., 37.
City HaU, 37.
College, Atlanta Medical, 38.
Church, Central Presbyterian, 38.
Chisolm, Willis P., 39.
Calhoun, Jas. M., 47, 54.
,-Cole, E. W.,75.
¦ Clayton, W. H. 75.
Colquitt, Gov. A. H., 82, 84, 214.
Cummings, J. F., 85.
Churches, 89.
Cady, C. M., 151.
Clarke, T. M. & Co., 164, 178.
Clarke, R. C, 165.
Coffin Factory, T70.
Cotton Factory, 170.
•Calhoun, Wm. Lowndes, 174.

Dougherty, Daniel, 20.
Dempcrat, 26.
Dodd, G. T.,34, 101,211.
Dougherty, David H., 37.
Dodd, P. & G. T., 36, 53.

Directory, first, 39.
D'Alvigny, Dr. N., 49.
Dooley, M H., 67.
Daniel, J. C. & L 146.
Davis, John, 169
Decatur street, 180.
DeGive, 53, 64, 107.
Doonan, John, 67.
Davenport, Johnson & Co.. 158.
Dunn, Jno. N., 157.
Dunn, Alexander & Co., 157.

Election, first city, 28.
Enterprise, 26.
Elliot, Bishop, 29.
Episcopalians, 29.
Examiner, 29.
Ezzard, Wm. L., 39.
Exposition, 83, 203
Educational, 60, 115.
Express Co., 75.
Evans, Rev. C. A.. 89.
Ergenzinger, A., 176.
Edgewood, 193.
Everett, W. L., 186.
Estey Organ Co., I50.
Eichberg, J. T., 64.
ElUs, W. D.. 161.
Eiseman, M.. 58.
English, J. W. 129, 210, 213, 214, 216.

Falvey, John J., 103.
Fairbanks & Cox, 138.
Female College, 115.
Fertilizer trade, 116.
Fire Company, the first, 29.
Fitten, John A., 85, loi, 165.
Flynn, John H., 58, 60, 67, 68, 97, loi.
Formwalt, Moses W., 28.
Foreacre, G. J., 85, 177.
Fox. Amos, 68.
Forsyth, A.B., 25.
Foute, Rev. Dr., 93.
Franklin, M., 64.
Fuller & Oglesby, 155,212.
Fuller, H. A., 155, 197.

INDEX.

Fuller, H. A., 155, 197.
Fuller, W. A., 43.
Fuller & Oglesby, 126, 155.
Fulton County, 130.

GartreU, L. J., 34, 54, 60, 68.
Gas Works, 137.
Gate City Guards, 39, 138.
Gate City, 71.
Gate City National Bank, 162.
Georgia Railroad, 17.
Gifford. James A., i6g.
Glenn, L. J., 34.
Goldsmith, Dr. W. T., 97, 211.
Gomez & Pines, 146.
Goodman, C. M., 141.
Goodwin, John B., 175,
Gordon, John B., 74, 193.
Graham, John M.. 67, 103.
GramUng, W. G-, 69.
Grant, L. P., 27. 57, 61, 68, 74, 85.
Green, John W., 74.
Gmlford, G. P., 64.
Gwinn, Rev. Dr., 89. H
HaU, L, H,. 170.
Hammock, C. C, 70.
Hammond, N. J., 68.
Hancock, F. G., 147.
Hanleiter, C. R.. 26, 29.
Hape, Samuel, 65.
Hape, Albert, 56.
Harrison, James P. & Co.. 67.
Harrison, Z. D., 67, 212, 216.
Harrison, Geo, W., 67.
Hart, F. W., 153.
Harwell & Smith, 149.
Haralson, Frank H., 80.
HaskeU, W. W., 146.
Hayden, J. A., 27, 29, 32, 68.
Hayden, Mrs. J. A., 64.
Hayes, Ex-President, 126,
Haygood, Greene B., 35, 39, 60,
Healy, T. G., 85, 86, 138, 162.
Health Institute, 108.
Healthfulness, 130,

HemphiU, W. A., 61.
Hoyt, S. B., 25, 70, 97.
Huff, W. A., 77.
Hulbert, W. H. 75.
Hulsey, W. H., 60.
Hunnicutt & Bellingrath, 43, 166.
Hunnicutt, C. W., 34.
Hunt, Jno. J., 29.
Hunter street, 174.
Hutchison. Bro., 177.
Hebrew Benevolent Society, 6^.
Heidt, Rev. Dr., 91.
Henderson, J. T., 81, 85.
Hibernians, 58.
Hibernian Benevolent Society, 38..
HiU, L. M., 162.
HiU, Lodowick J., 162.
HiU, B. H., 193.
Hillyer, George, 68, 148, 199.
Hirschberg, S. 58.
Hirsch Bros., 142.
Hirsch, M.& J., 186.
Holbrook, J. M., 34.
Holcombe, H. C, 27.
Holland, E. W., 20, 38, 39.
Homicide, first, ^4,
Hood, General, 46.
Hopkins, John L., 68, 85.
Hospital and Home, 100.
Hospital, St. Joseph's, 102.
Hotels, 75.
Houston, W, J,, 23.
Howard, Geo. J. & Bro., i6r.
HoweU, E. P., 85, I
Inman, S. M. & Co., 114.
Inman, S. M., 65, 84, loi, 127, 196,
Inman, John H., 85.
Intelligencer, 29. J
Ivey, Hardy, ig,*
Jack & Holland, 140.
Jackson, Henry, 56.
James, John H., 38, 51,63, 58, 53, 6g, 106..
Jail, 88.
Jarvis, W. L., 178.

INDEX.

Jericho, Knights of, 29.
Johnson, Mark W. & Co., 168.
Johnson, M. W., 53,
Johnson, Russell C, I80.
Johnston, Joseph E., 44.
Jones, E. L., 53.
Jones, O. H., 52.
Jones, D. G., 56. K
¦Keely, John, 37, 134, 142.
KimbaU, H. I., 53, 209.
Kimball, J. C, 65.
King, John P. , 22, 30, 67.
King, Miss Louise, 65.
Kiser, M. C. & J. F. & Co., 125, 126, 1S4
Kiser. J. F., 186.
Kiser, M. C, 84.
Kirkpatrick, 165.
Kirkwood, 193.
JCnapp, R. H., 153. iBS.
Kreis, J. E., 21.
^uhn & Sons, 144

Laird, Wm., 200.
Langston Sl Crane, 126,
Lawshe, Er, 30, 33, 37, 38, 49, 51, 14^.
Lawshe, Lewis, 38.
Lawton, J. S., 67.
Lawyer, first, 34.
Lewis, T. S., 155, 212.
Lewis, H , 176,
Leonard, G. W., 168, 195.
Leonard, H. C, 159-
Libraries, 102.
Library, Young Men's, 56.
Lieberman, Mrs. L., 65.
Logan, Dr. J. P., 37. 38,60,68.
Logan & Co., 123.
Logan, Frank R., 173.
Logan, James L., 173.
Lochrane, O. A., 53.
Long, Engineer, 27.
Long, Stephen H., 18.
Lowry, W. M. & R. J., 127, 158.
Lowry, W. M< 158.
JjOwry, R. J., 84, 158.

Loyd street, 160.
Luckie, W. D., 56, 127.
Luminary, 22.
Lumpkin, Governor, 22.
Lutheran, 63.
Lynch, M., 29.
Lynch, Peter, 103.
Lynch, John J., 103. M
Macon and Western Railroad, 26.
Madden, Mrs. Mary, 64.
Maddox, R. F., 84, 173.
Maher, M. E., 103, 178.
Mahoney, M., 103.
Mallon, Bernard, 61.
Manufactures, 117.
Marthasville, 22.
Martin, Rev. Dr., 91. "
Markham, Wm., 77.
Masons, 27, 38.
Mayer, David, 60, loi.
Mayor and Council, the first, 28.
McBride & Co , 180, 211.
McBride, A. J., 34, 53, 180, 117.
McBride, S. L,. 180, 200.
McCandless, E. S., 162.
McDaniel, I. O & P. C, 27.
McDaniel, I. C, 29.
McMUIan, J. C, 54.
McNaught (!i: Scrutchins, 38, 51, 177.
McNaught, Wm. lV Co., 124.
McNaught, Wm., 177, 188, 192.
McPherson Barracks, 86.
McPherson, death of, 46.
McPherson Monument, 1S8.
McRae, Wm , 74.
Mecaslin, J. H.,138.
Meeneely, Geo. R. & Co., 170.
Medical CoUeges, 96.
Memorial Association, 58.
Merchants' Bank, 155.
Methodists, 28, 89.
Mickelberry & Whitlock, 159.
MiUedge, John, loi, 102.
Miller, Geo. L., 173.
Milburn Wagon Co., 182.
MUitary Companies, 138.

INDEX.

Mills, Frank, io6.
Mineral Spring, Atlanta, 130,
Mitchell property, 26,
Mitchell Wagons, 151.
Monroe Railroad, 17.
Moore's Business University, 62, 115, 154.
Moore, B. F.. 62, 116.
Moran, P. J., 67.
Morgan, D., 141.
Morrison, J,, 37, 53.
Morrison, A., 37, 53.
MorriU, W. C.,64, 122.
Motes, C. W. & Co., 147, 212.
Municipal Government, 133.
Municipal reform, 68.
Murphy, A , 43, 69, 136.
Murrell's Row, 31. N
Nail, J. S., 106.
Neff, Wm. CUflord & Co., 166, 212.
Neff, W. C.,85.
Negro Villages, 138.
Newman, J S., 81.
Newspapers, 154. *
Norcross J., 21, 22, 24, 29, 32, 38, 54.
O
O'Brien, Rev. Father, gi.
Oddfellows, 29, 39.
Oglesby, J. C, 165.
Oglethorpe Park, 86, 202.
O'Keefe, 60.
Orme, W. P., 3o.
Ormond, Jas. M., 124, 177, 188.
O'ReiUy, Rev. Father, 49.

Paper Mills, 124.
Parkins, W. H. 56.
Parkins & Bruce, 132, 162.
Patillo, W. P., 206.
Payne, C. M., 174.
Payne, Edwin, 35.
Preachtree street, 162.
Peck, J. C.,37, 38, 52, 8s, 18
Peck. Willis F.,3s.

People's Muiual Relief Association, 164..
Perkerson, A. M., 174.
Peters, Richard, 28, 29. 70, 85. 106.
Pittman, Danifl, 34, 39, 113.
Ponce de Leon Springs, 130, 187.
Population, 37, 40, 63, 129.
Police, 69.
Porter, J. H., 127.
Potts, Frank M., 159.
Peters, Edward, 107.
Peters, Miss Nellie, 65.
Phillips, H. T.,6i.
Post Ofiice, 86, 106.
PoweU, Dr. Thos. S., 97.
PhiUips & Crew, 166.
Pratt, N. A., 116.
Prather, Jno. S.,67.
Piince, A. P., 29.
Presbyterians, 29.
Property, 40.
Pryor Street, 184.
Public Charities, 100,

Quinn, Rev,. 29.

Q-

R.

Railroad, Air-Line, 38. 54, 63.
Railroad, Atlanta Street, 70.
Railroads, 71.
Randall, R. O.. 164.
Rawson, E. E., 38, 47, 52, 60. 170.
Reagan, W. E., 186.
Real Estate, 40.
Redding, R. J.,8i.
Reinhardt, A. M., 107.
Rhodes, Wallace, 106. •
Rice, Z. A , 29.
Rice, John, 53.
Rice, Frank P., 164.
Rice, Mrs. D., 65.
Richmond and Danville Railroad, i6r^
Richards. R. H., 127.
Ripley, T. R., 142, 211.
Robertson, Dr. U. O., io8.
Rogers, Wm., 74.
Rogers, Rev. J. L., 38.
Root, Sydney, 38, 85.
Rosenfeld, A., 58.

INDEX.

223

Rosenfeld, S., 58. '
Rosenfeld, A. & S., 144.
Ryan, Rev, Father, 91.
s
Sabbath School, The First, 23.
Salter, Dr. S. F., 100.
Schley, Gov., 18.
Sciple & Sons, 182, 212.
Scott, Geo. W. & Co., 116, 171.
Scott, W. M., 139, 211.
Schools, Public, 60.
Scoville & Terry, 77.
Sherman, Wm. T., 45.
Shulhafer, E, A., 58.
Silvey & Dougherty, 38.
Silvey, John, 30.
Silvey, John & Co., 126.
Singer Company, 168
Slab Town, 31.
Smith American Organ Company, 147-
Sraith, Dr. George, 35.
Smith, J. D. & T. F., 154.
Smith, Joseph, 201.
Snake Nation, 31.
Snook, P. H., 167.
Snow, H. Y., 54,
Society, 131.
Solomonson, S. L., 146, 212.
Southern Miscellany, 26.
Spalding, R. D., 67.
Stanton, W. L., 198.
Steinheimer, D., 58.
Steinheimer, J., 55, 58.
Steinheimer, I., 58.
Stephens, John, 67, 103, 107.
Stevens, J. P. & Co., 145.
Stocker & Castleberry, 140.
Stout, B. A., 106,
St. Luke's, (>i.
Surgical Institute, 108, 109.
Synagogue, 55, 64. T
Taylor, Walter A., 165.
Terminus, ig.
Terry, Major, 29.
Terry, Stephen, 24.
Terra Cotta Works, 122.

Tichnor, Dunlap & Co., 176.
Thrasher, John, 19, 26.
Thompson, J. Edgar, 28,
Thompson, Joseph, 39.
Thomas & Richter, i44,''2ii.
Thrower, J. K., 176.
Thrower, J. G., 160.
Tommey, Stewart &JBeck, 53.,
Traynham & Ray, 182, 212.
Trinity, 35, 63.
Tripod, A. P., 152.
Tryon, Frank, 181.
Tucker, Dr, H, H.. loi.
Fuller, Mrs. W. H., 64.
Turn Verein, 5g.
Tyler, A. H., 144. V
Van Stavoren, J. 209.
Vaughn, J., 28.
Van Winkle, E. &iCo., 123, 171.
Voorhis, Edward L,, 159.
w
Wadley, Wm., 74.
Walden & Stowe, 147, 212.
Wallace, CampbeU, 65, 127.
WaU Street, 161.
Walker, W. S., 143.
Walker, Gen., death of, 46.
Washington Hall, 25.
Water Works, 86, 136.
Weed, M. B., 107.
West End, 130, 193.
Western & Atlantic Raifroad, 19, 30.
Wheeler & Wilson, 177.
White,W. Woods, 106.
White, E. T.,78.
WhitehaU Street, 138.
Whitner, Jno. J. & Son. 143.
Wiard, W. P. L., 152.
Wilson, Dr. J. Stainbaek, 160.
Wilson, Dr. C. L., 112.
Wilson, Dr. C. A., 112.
Wilson, W. S. & Bro., 152, 178, «ii.
Wilson, B. J., 78, 195.
Wilson, Rev. Dr. J. S., 23,29.
WiUingham, W. J. & Co., 178, sio.
Wilson, W. T., 178. ^~"

224

INDEX.

Vi^ilkins, Post & Co., i68.
Winn, B. M. &Co., 173.
Winn, B. M., 173,
Winham, E, L., 169.
Winship, Jos., 35,
Winship, George, 127.
Woolley, B. M., 141.

Wylie, Jas. R., 53, 84, 126, 127, 154, 190,
Wyly, B, F,, 37,53, 192,
Wyly, A. C.,37, 84, 199-
Wyly, A. C. & B, F,, 38, 126, 158.
Wrenn, B. W., 64.
Withers, W. S., 19, 123.

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS.

Atlanta National Bank  xxiv
Bergstrom, A. M  ix
Brenner, Wra  xxiii
Constitution  xvii
Emery's  xvii
Ergenzinger, A  xiii
Fulton Planing MilUs  xi
Gomez & Pine  viii
Goodman's Picture Store  xiv
Gate City Bank  -  xx
Health Institute  xxi
Harwell & Smith  xvi
Hutchison & Bro  xv
Howard, Geo. J. & Bro  vii
HaskeU, W. W  viii
Jones, J. G  xiv
Jack's   . ...xii
Kennesaw Route  \
Ladd, A. C  xix
Lagomarsino.  xx
Logan & Co  x
Mickelberry T Whitlock  xu
Milburn Wagon Company  xi
Morgan, D  a
Merchants' Bank  xx

Maher, M. E  xv
Mallan, J. J  xxi
Motes, C. W. & Co  xvii
Opium Cure  xvi
Post-Appeal  xviii
Piedmont Air-Line  ii
Phillips & Crew ... .  vi
Potts, F. M  X
Ripley, T. R  xiii
Stone Pipe and Roofing Company  v
Singer Manu facturing Company  iii
Scott, Geo. W. & Co  iv
Smith American Grgan Company... xxiii
Scott,W.W  xi
Tripod, A. P  xv
Thrower, J. G  ix
Thompson's  xii
Winham, Printer  ix
Winn & Co  X
Wilkins & Post  viii
Withers' Foundry  xxiii
Walden & Stowe  xiii
Whitner & Clarke.  xxi
Van Stavoren  xviii
And other advertisements.

AD VER TISEMENTS.

= THE

KENNESAW ROUTE,
By its superior . management and unsurpassed facilities, has
earned the confidence of the traveling public, and is steadily grow
ing into public favor.
ONX.Y ROtJTE TO
Cincinnati, Louisville, Indianapolis, Cliicap,
CLiEVELAND, DETROIT, ST. LOUIS.
TH£ MOST C01IIF0BTAB1.E AKI> iiKI^IABLS: TO
Washington, Baliinors, Fhiladelplii^, New \%k i dl Eastsrs Feinii,
F1V£ DAILY TRAINS TO THE WEST BY TMIS LINE I
Run from New Orleans to Washington, via Atlanta ; Savannah
and Macon to Cincinnati, via Atlanta ; Atlanta to Louisville, via
Nashviile. Leaving New Orleans at 5.00 P. M. ; Savannah, 7.30
P. M., and Atlanta, 2.50 P. M.
TRAINS RUN DAILY-SUNDAY NO EXCEPTION I
Smooth Track, Steel JBails, Rook Ballast, Comfortable Cars,
^ "Westinghouse Air-Brakea, Miller Platforms, 3to.
By taking the KENNESAW ROUTE, you save time and money.
secure expedition and avoid all unnecessary and vexatious delays.
THE KENNESAW ROUTE V8A KS^OXVILLE,
This is the Fast Mail and Express Line.
The Kennesaw Ro"tejia^incinnati to Eastern Cities.
Fare the same by all Lines to New York and Eastern Cities,
For further information, address
B. W. WRENN. Gen. Pass. Agt., Aflanfa, Ga.
WM. MacRAE, General Manager.

n AD VER TISEMENTS.

Piedmont Air-Line
Th.e Great Tliroiagh. E.OTi-he
Bet"utree3a tlie So-u.-fch.j, So-u.-b!fci-
T^cres-b and tlie Sast.

Passing through the high, breezy uplands and picturesque scenery
of the foot-hills of the Blue Ridge.

Quick transit to all the leading cities ! Splendid Pullman
Car service ! Appointments all first-class !

The Shortest, Safest, Speediest, Cheapest and Best Route between
Galveston and Texas points. New Orleans, Mobile, Mont
gomery, Selma, Atlanta, Richmond, Baltimore,
Washington,Philadelphiaand New York.

The AtSantic Onast Line^^
The Fast Mail Passenger Route via Richmond and Wil
mington to Charleston, Columbia, Augusta, Savannah,
Florida and the South.

Perfect Pullman Car Service to all points reached, traversing the
most fruitful nnd attractive sections of the South. Thoroughly
comfortable coaches, rapid and safe transit.

For all information, call upon or write to
A. POPE, Gen'l Pass. Agent,

No. 229 EEOAEWAY, NEW YOSK,
No. 7 loth STEEET, EIOHUOND, VA.

AD VER TISEMENIS.

IWORE l»OPULAR THAN EVER!

The popnlar demand for the Genuine Singer in 1880 exceeded that of any pre
vious year during the quarter of a century in which this "Old Reliable'" Macliinc
has been before the public.
In 1S79 ive sold 431, JGT Machines.
** 1880 *^ 538,009 *'
Excess over aaiy previous year, 1075442 MacBiines.
Our Bales last year were at the rate of over 1,700 Sen'ing- Mnetiiiics a
I>Hy for every business day in the year.

THE OLD RELIABLE SmCER
 IS TOE 
S-fcroiages-fcy T3ae Simples-t, THe Si^os-t 13-u.rable
Se-QT-izig SujCacHixxe S-vex "STe-b Oons-bruo-bed.

Remember !
That every REAL
Singer Sewing Ma
chine has this Trade
Mark cast into the
Iron Stand and im
bedded in the Arm
of the Machine.

THE SINGER

Hanufickring Co.,

PRINCIPAL OFFICE,

34 Union Sqliare,
NEW YORK.
1,500 Suljordinate Offices in th3 United States and Canada, and
3,000 Offices in the Old World and South America.
Ce<i4ral Offlce— for Ooor$;iR, Florida and South Carolina—
Wo. 42 MASIIKTTA STUEE'i'. DISTRIBUTING OFFIOBS :
Atlanta, Ga., Macon, Ga, rolumbus, Ga., Augnsta, Ga.
Savannah, Ga., ThomaBfllle, Ga., Charleston, S C JactsonTille, Fla.
Branch offices at all important points. Agents m every county. Address al'
cominunications to the SINGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
42 -Marietta Street, Atlanu, Ga.
G. W. LEONAED, Agent.

AD VER TISEMENTS .

I SCOTT & CO.,

j^ianufacturers of and Dealers in

FERTILJ^ERB
OE'E'ICB, 3Xro. SO'^ors^rtKL Street, ,
3ractor3r oil tlie G-eorgria. 15- IS-, near tlie City. -

«?f

^^^ate.

m^.

THE GREAT

¦i^¥M;45',i ,8

m^^M

Cotton # Corn
Manufactured from PURE and SOUND MATERI..^L. Actual "oil tests
made by the Agricnltural Department of the State of Georgia prove thia now ¦
famous manure to be one of
THe Best Fer-bilizpra cm -tlio l.CaxlEO-fc.

We offer for composting our OLD and RELIABLE BRAND,
Ths Dharlsston Acid Phosphato,.
which has stood tho test of many years, and is now regarded as "THE HIGH:
GRADE STANDARD ACID."

Special terms given to merchants, agents or clubs. Address
GEO. W. SCOTT & CO.,
AXl^AJiTA., GEORGIA..

AD VER TISEMENTS.

ROBT. BIRD. JNO. T. HAUNSON.
Stone Pump, Pipe I Roofing
C2f^^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in i:^^:^
All Kinds of Pumps and Pump Material.
We keep conetantly in stock a full line of all makes of Iron Suck, Lift and Force
uinps, Fancy Brass Kitchen Force Pumps, all styles of Wooden Pumps, plain,
porcelain and copper lined ; Steam Pumps and Hydraulic Rams.
Our STONE FORCE and STJO HON PUMPS are absoluieiy without a rival for
domeetic purposes, as no wood or iron touches the water with these Pumps ; conse
quently there is no taste of either in the water.

¦ Our Two and Three Ply (Woolen Pelt) Prepared Roofing is superior to any com
position roofing ever manufactured. It weighs but eighty pounds to the square It
makes a light, durable roof, which is both fire and waier-proof .' We give a straight
guaranty of flve years, and a conditional guaranty of twenty years. This style of
roofing has been in actual use for the last sixteen years, and has given the utmost
salisfaction. We also do all kinds of Iron Rooflng, and Repair and Paint all kinds
of Leator Roofs, and guarantee all work done to give perfect satisfaction or no
charge. We are sole manufacturere of OLD DOMINION IRON PAINT,
which contracts and expands with metal without cracking or blistering.

AD VER TISEMENTS.

G and -S RrAItll^TTA STItl^EiT.
THE GEORGIA BOOK STORE,
PHiU-iPS & CREW,
I Genbkal Dealers ih
SCHOOL BOOKS,
BLANK BOOKS,
STATIONERY.
IN FACT, everything e(.'ni:'rally kept in a well appointed Book Store.
Addre^''^, for prices,
PHILLIPS & OBEW, Atlanta, Ga.
tisie: 'GEonGiii music stoke.
PHILLIPS & CREW, Atlanta, Ga.,
General Agents for Celebrated
Sveet Music, Small Musical Instruments, Etc. Etc.
-€a:poPE,*t^
IG FashionaMe Hatter,
No. 5 WHITEHALL ST., ATLANTA.
r(lVC!>NlVATB. f;H!f \«0. ST. lOUIS. ATT.AIVTA.
WALOi::^ & STOWE,
Publishers, Booksellers and Stationers,
ITo. no TRTKITEHALL STUEET.
V^e have the largest ptock ot Theological and Temperance Books, Oxford
Teachers' Bible.^, Sunday-school Rewards, Birthday Cards, New Year, Christmas
and Easter Cards, in Atlanta.
' c.A.T.A.Xjoa--crE naxsE.

AD VER TISEMENTS.

VII

&E0. J. IO¥ARB & BEO.,

Wholesale & Retail

36 & 38 Wail Street

{Opposite Passenger Dejiot.)

ESTABLISHED 1353.
Oldest House, Largest Stock, Lowest Prices.
35 Whitehall St., ATLANTA, GA.

Great Reduction in Sheet Music.
Having recently become Wholesale Southern Agents for Ditson & Co.'b Musical
Publications, which are the most extensive in the world, we are enabled to sell to the
public their music. a.s also the music from all other publishers, at the following ex
tremely low rates:
We will furnish any piece of music published in the United States, irrespective of
publishers, at ONE-THIRD LESS than regular retail prices. Although our stock
is the LARGEST in the tjouth, and entirely NEW, still, should we at any time not
have every piece you order, we can send it to you \v!th a delay of BUT FOUR
DAYS and will give you the one-third discount the same as if it were in stock.
We also carry a large stock of PIANOS, ORGANS, iMUSIC BOOKS, SMALL
INSTRUMENTS, STRINGS, Ac, which we sell at very low figures ; and parties
needing anything in those lines will do well to write us for prices and terms before
buying elsewhere, as we cannot be undersold by any other dealer.
BRAUMULLER & CO.,
Wholesale and Betail Fiano, Organ and Husio Sealers,

VIII AD VER TISEMENTS.

. W. HASKELL,

m Wliitehall Street, Atlanta, Ga.
Authorized Agent for the following New York companies, namely :
NIAGARA, - - - . 'Assets, $1,600,000
williamsburg city, - " 1,100,000
westchest4:r, - - - " 1,000,000
mechanics, - - - " 600,000
G. P. GOMEZ, C. S. PINES,
43)4 Whitehall Street. Crumley Street.
GOMEZ & PINES,
Plain and Ornamental
Work solicited and satisfaction guaranteed. AU work entrusted to ui will re
ceive our personal attention.
ATLANTA, .... GEORGIA.
GRANT WILKINS, ANDHEW J. POST.
Manager. Engineer.
gaUhWth BRIDGE WORKS.
W^ILKIiSrS, FOST & CO.,
ATLANTA, QA. NEW TOE! OmOl, 102 BE0ADWA7.
Ingingsrs and Bridgg Buildgrjs.
DEilQN, MANUPAOTUBS AKB ¦R»CT
Triangular, Poet aud Quadrangular Trussea, CuBMng's Patent
Piers, Iron Via^iots, Turn Tallies, Eoofs, Riveted Beams
and Gird ers, Torgings and General Eailiyay Work.

AD VER TISEMENTS. ix

No. 12 Loyd Street, Atlanta, Ga.
CONTBACTOE FOR
PLAIN AND ORNAIYIENTAL PLASTERING.

-AND ALSO DEALER IN -

ALL MATERIAL OF THE TRADE
Cements, Calcined Plaster, Plaster Ornaments,
I^-^ILiSOax<EI3iTES, lEtc,,
Will Fill Orders for CEMENT and TERRA COTTA DRAIN
and SEWER PIPES.
A. M BERGSTROM,
General Book f Job Printer,
21 East Hunter Street,
Estimates Furnished on All Kinds of Work.
Practical Job Printer.
Office Over Phillips & Crew's Book Store,
TSTos 8 and. IO M^VKIETTj*. ©TKEET.

AD VER TISEMENTS.

FRANK M. POTTS,
Wholesale L^iquors,
19 East Alabama Street,
ATLANTA, .... OEOKGIA.
80 WHITEHALL STREET,
Harness and Saddle lanufactnrer
 AND DEALEB IN 
ALL HARNESS AITD SADDLERY GOODS, WAGONS, BUGGIES, ETC.
FBANK B. LOGAN. JAS, L. LOGAN.

OPFIOE AND WAEEHOUSE :
75 SOUTH FORSYTH STREET. ATLANTA, GA.
B. M. WINN. PBANK B. LOGAN
B. M. WINN & CO.

Tob

•5
-Wholesale Dealers in 

accos

18 SOUTH FORSYTH STREET,

AD VER TISEMENTS.

XI

FULTON PLANING MILLS,
2S3, 285, and 287 Decatur St. Atlanta, Ga.
J. M:. N'^CE, Proprietor.
HOOUTnAGTOn AUD BUILDEPlh
Manufacturer and Dealer in Eough and Dresssd Lumber, Mouldings Brackets
Shingles, Laths, and Pickets , W ood- Turning and Scroll-Sawing. '

giBsaiiiiMaiBl

Ilill rUlllllttUI^^^^^^^^^^^^^

¦Hi>Rirc£ BK^OLfy-^

 THIS 
ELEGANT ESTABLISHMENT,
Pfo. 11
Whitehall Street,
la spoken of in
TECIS BOOIC,
As at No. 21 (instead of
11) Whitehall.
THIS MATTERS LITTLE,
however, as
Every "Visit oi
ls bound to
IL,OOIt IT UP
ANYHOW.

MILBUElf WA&Olf COMPAIfY.
Branch House, Sale and Ware-Rooms under Young
Men^s Library, Decatur Street.
A large stock of Milburn Wagons always on hand. Also Carriages and Buggies
of their own and other makes.

AD VERTISEMENIS.

James' Elook, Whitehall Street, Atlanta, Ga.

Open Day and Night— All Good Things in Season,
MICKELBERRY & WHITLOCK,
Grrain, Produce and Fruits,
ITc. 2^ .A.la.ba.xxia. S-bree-b.
43 Peachtree Street.
At Jack's 43 Peachtree, at', to be found excellent fresh
Breads, Cakes, Pure Eancy Candies,,
AND AN ENDLESS YARIBTT OF
BEi^XJTIFUL TOYS.
His Bread and Cakes are made of the best qualities of flour, and the most
liandsome Wagon in the South is especially used for their delivery in all parts of
the city. A beautiful selection of
Willow Ware, Ladies' Shopping Baskets,.
CA.I*r> CASES, liltc. Etc.

Toys to Snpply Everybody.
Weddings and Banquets Furnished in Elegant Style on Short IT otioe*-

AD VER TISEMENTS.

XIII

WALDEN 6l STOWE,
XIO ^s77"l2.iteiLa,ll Street'
BOOKS AND STATIONERY.
Theological and Sunday-School Books a Specialty.
J.n.d tJie XTsual I,ine of Goods in a JBooJi Store 5toct.

ERGENZINGER,

12 E. Hunter St.,

MANUFACTURER OF
Matresses, AWNINGS,

^5^- Tents, Etc., Etc.

89 Whitehall St. and 9.' S. Broad St.

lis tii>,^i

Glass azid Q-aeexis-uo-are.

AD VER TISEMENTS.

No. 28 Whitehall Street,
^Picture and. I^^ram* Store.
PAINTINGS, CHROMOS, STEEL ENGRAVINGS, PRINTS, Etc,
pig" X^ra,m.©io ^^a3a.-a.fa,ct-a.red. to Ord.er_

i^jS

Jewellei? and ITITatohmakeF^

35 •V7-s:iTEs:.,a.ijXj stxsee'x.

**" Repairing Promptly Donei

• VB

Merchant Tailor,

No. 1 East Alabama Street,

Established 1871.

^^l,^y^^^.

AD VER TISEMENTS. xv

13 South Broad Street,
Paints, Oils, Bruslies, Varnislies, Grlass,
^ND A. FZrZIt STOCK OF GOODS IJf XIJ^B,
SIGN, FRESCOE and HOUSE PAINTING
Promptly Exeoxited..
HUTCHISON & BRO.,
14 Whitehall Street, Atlanta, Ga.
First-Class Drug Stock.
PrescriptionB carefully compounded. Orders l>y mail promptly filled.

HUTCHISON & BRO.,  Pkoprietors.
Is the Great Specific for Neuralgia and Headache.

HUTCHISON & BRO.'S
AIMBFtOSIiVL COLOGUVE
IS FRAGRANT AND LASTING.

Wholesale Liquors,

XVI AD VER TISEMENTS.
JOHN M. HARWELL. WM. F. SMITH.
HARWELL & SMITH,
Agricultural Machinery.
Thresliers, lieaperss, iMoTvers, Etc.

«_g== TIXE ^=3iJ

I'amous Whitewater Wagon

ylXTT^rS IN STOCK.

O F= I U MO U F=R E.
Relief at Last fmm'^tjiis^ Terrible Habit !
The Record of the Work of the Only Perfect Opium Cure in the
•World !— The Best, the Cheapest, the Safest, and the Only
Ahsolutely Eeliahle Cure !— A Painless, Pleasant.
AgreeaMe Remedy that does not Detain the
Patient from his or her Business !
{Extract Jrow, Editorial in the Atlanta Constitution, October ^th, 1831.)
"About ten years ago, Major B. M, Woolley commenced advertising an opium
cure. Since that timeit has become famous throughout the eutire country, and to
day stands unchallenged by the sieneral public, by patients and by physicians, as
the best cure for this terrible habit that is known to man. The Constitution, after
it had beea before the public a year or two, found that its success was so unvarying
that it gave ii its indorsement, and we are prepared this moming to say, that never
in a single instance have we, directly or indirectly, heard complaint against this
remedy. It has gone ou quietly and doing its work efEectively, and carrying peace,
health and blessings to the afflicted, and commanding admiration and confidence of
the general and professional public. As said before, not one single criticism has
been made upon its work, aa far as we can hear it, and the testimonials received by
Major Woolley from grateful men and women restored to life and happiness from
the agony that ia worse than death, would fill a library. The Woolley Opium Cure
is simply without equal, and has come to be the standard, North, South, Kast and
West. It commands patronage in every State in the XTnion ,and has been sold in
England and upon the Continent. Wherever one case is sold, there is certain to be
a demand for others. But we can say nothing about this remedy that will com
pare with the original t stimonials that come from men and women who have
tried it aud who know its power,

AD VER TISEMENTS. xvii

No. 90 Whitehall Street,

Harness and Saddlery.
Hami-MIade "^^ork a Specialty-.

EMERY'S EISR MARKET,
No. 15 Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Ga.
FISH, OYSTERS, CELERY, SHAD, ICE AND LEMONS.
fi®" Goods delivered'to any part of the city free of charge "^'I*
THE CONSTITUTION,
Published Daily and Weekly,
ATLANTA, - - - OEORaiA.
The Daily Constitution
Is published every day except Monday, and is delivered by carriers in the city, or
mailed postage free, at 81.00 per month, $2.50 for three months, or $10.00 a year.
THE CON.'^TITUTION is for sale on all trains leading out of Atlanta, and at
news stands in the principal Southern cities.

The Weel<ly Constitution
Published every Tuesday, mailed postage free for $1.50 a year ; ten copies, 812.50 ;
twenty ci.pies, $20.00. Sample copies sent free upon application, Agents wanted
at every post-offlce where territory is not occupied.
Advertising rates depend on location in the paper, and will he furnished on appli
cation Correspondence containing Importaut news solicited from all parts ot the
country. Under no circumstances will the editors undei take to preserve or retum
manuscripts not available for publication. Address all letters and telegrams, and
make all drafts aud checks payable to
THE CONSTITUTION,

XVIII AD VER TISEMENTS.
The Atlanta Daily Post-Appeal.

With one exception the Post -Appeal is the only successful Daily newpaper
ever started in Atlanta. It has attained a large and steadily increasing circulation,
which has been kept pace with by its large advertising patronage. Tne paper ie a
payins institution.
This is because it is in every sense a trustworthy and reliable newspaper. It is
the determination of the proprietor to constantly give the people of Atlanta and
Georgia, one of the best daily papers in the whole country. In this he has suc
ceeded to an admirable degree. Its telegraphic facilities are complete, and It is
able to give all the news of the day in attractive form. Its local and State aew&
are gathered by a large and eificient corps of reporters and correspondents, station
ed at all points, who may always be depended upon to give the public all that
really is news. Any regular reader of the Post-Appeal must necessarily through
it be a well informed person.
Terms of subscription $6.00 per year; for portions of a year sixty cents a
month, or flfteen cents a week.
Advertisements taken at SI. 00 per square, or ten cents per line. Favorable
terms made for large advertisements
Sample copies sent on application.
Address the publisher, D. £. CAIiDWEI.!,, Atlanta, Oa.

What is Thought of the Post-Appeal.
_ The Atlanta Daily Post-Appeal has won its way to popular fav/)r everywhere.
It is fearless and outspoken in its sentiments, and is highly commended for its war
npon corruption in every shape. It ia ably and vigorously edited, is spicy and in
teresting.— -LaGrange Keporter.
The Atlanta Post- Appeal is a model daily newspap'^r.— DeKalb News.
The Atlanta Post- Appeal is now one of the best, if jot the beet daily news
papers in the South.— Knoxville Tribune.
The Atlanta Post-Appeal seems to have an underhold on success and we re
joice to see it wax fat and prosperous.— Gainesville Eagle.
The Atlanta Post-Appeal is one of the spiciest journals in the South, and fall
of vigor and life.— Macon Telegraph and Messenger.
The Atlanta Post-Appeal is eagerly read by many in this vicinity.— Barnes-
Tille Gazette.
The Atlanta Post- Appeal bravely contends for the best interests of Georgia.-
Cartersville Express.
In passing, let us say that the Post-Appeal is the most readable paper we re
ceive from Atlanta. It is far ahead of the C^onstitution in this respect. And is
what makes a city daily paper valuable at home and respected abroad,— Milledge
ville Union and Recorder.
Those who want a cheap and fearless daily published at the capital, should
subscribe for the Post- Appeal.— Sparta Ishmaelite.
The Atlanta Post-Appeal we are glad to see is on ihe high road to prosperity.
Its advertising columos are crowded and the editors have but little to do, but that
little is well done.— Augusta News.
The Atlanta Post-Appeal is a rattling good paper. If you want a real live
newspaper, why send for the Atlanta Daily Post-Appeal ; for it is the livest,
spiciest and best paper now published.— JJarien Timber Gaiette.
In speaking fearlessly on all political subjects, regardless of the past standing
of the men principally concerned, the Atlanta Post-Appeal has proven itself an
earnest and worthy co-worker with the weekly press ot Georgia. The same can
not be said of any other dailies in the State -Perry Home Journal.
The Atlanta Post-Appeal is well thi^pght of wherever known, and it carries
force with its arguments. It has become a well established institution, and is
brimful of interesting reading matter, including all the late important news —
Rome Tribunes

ADVERTISEMENTS. xix

Pi0 00tHB(5H
>:)0
9!<l

Ladd's LimeWorks

LADD'S ^**Vrv7-5*^^ LADD'S

.A. X
Sir

HIjIME.c|

^4

.A. G- X
C3
TJ Xj TTJ

Fertilizer ^*-««fl^'^*^ lime.
BUILDING AND PLASTERING LIME.

Portland, Rosendale and Louisville
OE3 IMEZnSTTS.

Plastering Hair and Calcined Plaster,
16 S. FORSYTH STREET,
ATLANTA, - - GEORGIA-

AD VER TISEMENTS.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

4 WHITEHALL STREET,
OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

Paid Tip Capital, -
Surplixs, . - -

^?200,000
40,000

CjLMPBEXI, WAXXA.CE  Fresideilt.
J'AMES li. POJtTEB  Cashier.

NEW YORK COERESrONDENTS— National Park Bank. Hanover National Bank.
Collections anu remittances from and to all points in the United States.
3DIE,:ECT0I2.S :
Campbell Wallace, Wm. A. Moore, James R. Wylie,
3en. E. Crane, James H. Porter. Clinton I. Brown,
J. M. Veach, George vvinsliip.

AD VER TISEMENTS. xxr

THE aiTE CITY MTIOML BAIfK
OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA.
Capital Paid in - - - - S^3S0,00O
coiXjEctions meceive pmompt attention.
lodowick j hill, l. m. hill, edward s. mocandless,
President. VicePresident. Cashier.,

jT. jT. }A-^X4,^yi,

MANUFACTURER OF

Toombs and Headstones.
STONE AND WOOD CARVING,
Modeling, and all kinds of Ornamental Plaster Work. Estimates furnished on
Stone Work for buildings. The attention of Architects and Contractors is called
to the above.
14r Broad Street, .-A^tlanta, Gra.
THE ATLANTA HEALTH INSTITUTE
Is the first and only institute South, whose various departments are superintended
hy regularly qualified physicians of both sexes.
Mrs. U O. ROBERTSON, M. D., a graduate of tbe Hygeio-Therapeutic College
of New York, and of the Woman's Medical College, Chicago, has charge of the La
dies' departraent, and is the only iroperly qualified lady physician m this city.
Her success in diagnosing and prescribing treatment for the various diseases pe
culiar to her sex, can be fully attested to by hundreds of ladies who had failed tO'
recover under some of the most noted "specialists" of drug school physicians in
this and other sections.
The Gentlemen's department is in charge of trained attendants, superintended by
Dr. V. O. Eobertson, the physieian-in-chief, and the recorded universal success
attained by him in the treatment of the various chronic diseases peculiar to his sex,
is alone a guarantee to all who are fortunate enough to procure his services, that
they will receive scientific treatment and speedy restoration.

XXII

AD VER TISEMENTS.

JNO. A. WHITNER.

EOBT. M. CLARKE

WHITNER & CLARKE,
No. 43 1-2 Whitehall Street (Clarke's Building), Atlanta, Ga.

Capital Represented, $102,251,755.

Royal, ....

$24,404,231

Western, , .

S 1,422,008

¦German-American, .

3,094,030

British America,

. 1,408,051

Manhattan, . . .

740,943

Phoenix of London.

15,266,37^

Continental, .

3,888,720

Scottish Union & N,

, 33.041.045

Watertown, ,

908,438

Merchants & M.,

860,534

Connecticut, , . .

1,636,383

Columbus I.&B.Co.,

600,000

Eatatlislieci 1833

SOUTHERN DEPARTMENT
British America
ASSURANCE

ASSETS, Jiiae 30, ISSl, - - $l,S5S,OSS.22.

JNO. C. WHITNER & SON, Gen'iAg'ts.

AD VER TISEMENTS. xxill
FMOFe J. m, ¥A^ STAYOIEI,
I?ortrait a^xxd. Landscape PainteT*,
HAS REMOVRD HIS STUDIO TO
C>55: No. 73J^ WHITEHALL STREET. ^S::e3
Where he has fltted up rooms suitable to display his works of Art, and has the
largest exhibition of Oil Paintings that was ever before seen in the city, consisting
of full length, life-size portraits of EMINENT MEN, LOVELY WOMEN and
BEAUTIFUL CHILDREN ,
TEe public are cordially invited to call. Prof. Van Stavoren is prepared to in
struct a Umited number of pupita in the Art of Portrait or Landscape Painting.

ATLAHTA IRON FOUNDRY,
T^. L. WITH:ii:K.S, Froprietov.
Manufacturer of all kinds of Castings, Fencing, Etc.
;OFFICE AND SHOP,
COENEE CALHOUN STEEET AND GEOESIA EAILECAD.
The Smith Amfiricah Organ Company.
FITNE irS STIlTJ]MCErsrXS a SPEOIA-LT^ST.
SOLD ON INSTALLMENTS.
Call and See Us Before You Buy. Send for Catalogues.
27 WHITEEALL STREET, ATLiNTft. GA.
MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN
JVrm^toiie^, ?oftkWe .]VIill0,
Improved Grits and Flouring Mill Machinery a Specialty.

XXIV AD VER TISEMENTS.
 .  j
ATl^ANTA
National Bank

Desipated Deposikj of the United States,

C-a.:pitj^l, - si5o,ooa

ALFRED AUSTELL, - - President.
W. B. COX, - - - Vice Presidents
PAUL ROSVIARE, - - - Cashier.

A. Austell, R. H. Ricbards^
W. B. Cox, S.M. luman,
Jas. Swann, P. Romare,
VV. \V. Austell.

AD VER TISEMENTS.

xxV

PAPER UlhhB

The Mill is situated on Entrenchment Creek, five miles south
east of Atlanta, by a fine road which is macadamized part of the
way. The property, besides the mill, consists of three hundred acres
arable lands, well adapted for cotton, grain and fruits.
The Mill, (for cut of which see page 125 of this book), is part
two and part three stories high, the first story stone, balance
frame, roof slate.
Machine room ^5x75 feet, engine room 40x50 feet, rag room
40x50 feet, stprage room 25x35, stock house at three hundred
yards distant 20x80, and seven frame and four log houses for
superintendent and operators.
The machine ia a 68 inch cylinder, with six driers, (paper dried
by the exhaust).
One stack chilled calendar rolls, nine, 7 inch, i foot 14 inch.
One stack chilled calendar rolls, seven.
One stack sand rolls of four.
Two beaters. 300 pounds each, built this year.
One washer, 350 pounds, built this year.
Two bleach tubs, 4,000 pounds each, built this year.
One bleach tub, 2,000 pounds, built this year.
Five drainers, holding 48 washers, half stuff, and all other appur
tenances needed to make a complete outfit for a mill.
POWER.
Twenty foot Turbine water wheel under fall of 41 feet.
Sixty horse power steam engine at opposite end of shaft.
Twenty horse power steam engine, and separate boiler running
paper machine.
The whole mill has been recently overhauled, and is now in
first-rate working order, and has orders a year ahead, but a great
bargain can be now had in it, as the present proprietor wishes to
retire. Apply at Office, No. 43 Broad St. or to
R. H. KNAPP, 10 Alabama St.
Oct. 29, 1881.

XXVI AD VER TISEMENTS.

Cor. of Cooper and Glenn Streets., Atlanta, Ga.
By JOHI W. ALEXAMEE.
Brick in any quantity for sale. Leave orders at yard or ad
dress through mail, *

Io ^mM

Office 10 E. Alal3ama St., Atlanta, G-a.
REAL ESTATE A&ENT.

Has vacant lots, dwellings, stores and buildings for business in
Atlanta ; also farms and plantations in all parts of Georgia, at low
figures and on reasonable terms.
Fire Insurance at Icwest rates.
See in person or addi ".ss by mail.
THE "^P^HITE SB"U^I1TG I^ ACHIITE.
lis Durability Demonstrated — its Success Without Parallel.
[Atlanta Post-Appeal.]
This latest inyentlon and improved sewing machine was introduced into this
market about five years ago by Messrs. J. D. & T. F. Smith in the face of the
heavieet kind of compeiition with the old patent sewing machines which were
already established m the trade. But upon the unsurpassed merits of their ma
chine, and by the energy and shrewd management of the Messrs Smith, it has
advanced in the public favor, until to-day it ia one the leading mac'hines in the
market. The most attractive and advantageous principle of this m.LChine is that
It 13 simply constructed without any cog-gears or heavy cams, thus rendering it one
ofthe lightest and quietest running machines on the market. Al) of its wearing
parts are adjustable so that lost motion can be "taken np" in an Instant, thereby
making It more lasting than other machine made. When the shafts of all other
machines wear the machine is worn out, but the sarae parts of the "White" after
wearing, can by the tightening of a few screws, be made inst as good as new. A
few other menIs commendable about this machine ie the self-thfeadmg, self-set
ting, needle, the bobbin winding device and the workmanship ; iu fact the Wh.te
¦!^rr=^?JS2S r,^»h°?J''^*'j'' "°^t practical and useful piWciples of other ma-
chinas. togethi r with advantages peculiarly its own. It is tlie easiest selling ma-
M.^^^'tfr ^ Tt'^' ^"•l.t^^'-'ifore all wide awake dealers make it there specialty .
^AT/;i;^- *J- "^•Smith, wholesale as well as retail the White Sewing Machine.
Address or call on them 59 South Broad street, Atlanta, Ga.

AD VER TISEMENTS,

XXVII

HOTJSE
Done with Neatness and Dispatch.
See City Directory for Office, or /ddress through Post Office,
GEO. R. MENEELY. T. W. GETMAN
jvtIvA-ivta. bra.ss foundry.
aiSO. R. MKIffKKLiY & CO.

MANUFACTUEERS OF

HOPKINS' PATENT SELF-FITTING
JOTJENAL BEAEH&S,
FOR RAILWAY CARS AND ENGINES.
Brass Machinery Castings, Babbitt Metal, Solder, Etc.
Pattern and Price Lists Furnished. A. B. BOSTICK, Supt.

87 Whitehall and 94- Broad Streets.
STOVES, BABY CARRIA&ES,
Oil Stoves, and House Furnishing Goods,
ALL THE LATEST INVENTIONS IN COOKING UTENSILS
Send for prices.

XXVIII AD VERTISEMENTS.
Gate City Premium Steam Dye'lWorks,
KO. 7 WEST FETSHS STBEET, ATLAITTA, QA.
Silk and W,oollen goods of all descriptions dyed in a superior style. Ladies' Crape,
Stella and Gashmere Shawls ; Silk, Merino and Honneline Dresses ; Gentlemen's
Cloaks, Coats, Pants and Vests handsomely cleaned, and everything appertaining to
the business punctually attended to.
House am Sigi Paiitee,
GILDEH, &LAZIEE, CALSOKEINER AITB FAFEB HANGEB,
looi^ Whitehall Street, . . . ATLANTA, GA.
N. McKINWY,
Sign, Banner, Transparency,
FRESCO AND ORNAMENTAL PAINTING,
No. 8J^ Decatur Street.
THE DAVIS VERTICAL FEED SEWING MACHINE.
Atlanta Post-Appeal.
The indefatigable Southern Manager, Capt. W. T. Wilson, of Atlanta— a gentle
man of many years' experience in the Sewing Machine trade'of the South— has spared
neither pains nor expense in making the display of this really novel Machine one of
the attractive features of the Exposition, While it is not as large as some of the
machine companies, yet, for good taste and real elegance, it is not surpassed. Four
years ago the Davis was not known in the South. To-day there is none better known,
and the business of the Southern Department, under the management of Captain
Wilson, has steadily grown from the first, and the sales in the territory contiguous to
Atlanta is now running away up into the thousands,

1

AD VER TISEMENTS.

W^Wq

93 WHITEHALL STREET.

THE FOTOLArj.

^^3[C

¦^

Popular Goods ! Popular Prices]!

DRY GOODS, CLOTHING, SHOES, Etc., Etc

'J

MATT RYAN IS NOTED FOR WELL SELECTED STOCKS
AND LOW PRICES. CALL AND.PROVE IT.

HOT J^ISTT^ aOTJID B-^THIS.

xxx

AD VERTIsEMENTS.

^yO«?**35?rtrilJIl

24 W. ALABAMA STREET
46 FORSYTH STREET,

ATLANTA, GA

Partioulat attention given to Buying, Selling, Slipping and Boarding Horses and Kiiles.
t^" Special attention given to the Livery department. "&>.

AD VER TISEMENTS.

XXXI

East Fair Street, (adjoining Cemetery,)
-A.. Ij.£iuI^^B:e:I^T, IFroprietor,
Special attention given to Boquets ajid Cut Flowers ; also, to Cemetery Lots.

HOUSE AINO SIGTV DPAIIVTIIVO,
No. 15 East Hunter Street,
ATLANTA, - - GEORGIA.

B>@

DEALER IN STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES,
Nos. 84, 86, 88, cor. Decatur and Collins Sts.,

35 and 37 Thompson Street,
ATLANTA, OEORaiA.
I1EUH.T "Un^UlSr r'roprie-bor,

XXXII

AD VER TISEMENTS.

KuHNS' Art Gallery,
" r iriaae Fliotograplis a Specialty-
Old Pictures Enlarged and Finished in Crayon, Ink or Water Colors.
^^~ [SPECIAL INPUCEMENTS TO CLUBS AND CLASSES.
Oi3.r 2>/£otto ; ^ " ^-liie ¦VsTorlE and. z^easoKiaTole E'rlce^."

J. H. &. "W. T. ItXJIITflS,
33K Whitehall Street, ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

70 McDonough Street, - - ATLAXTTiL, GJl..

Invites all who are going to build or have job work done, to
address him through the mail, or call at his shop, (for which see
City Directory.) and get estimates.
Tlie Stlkut^ Weekly ¥o^t,
PUBLISHED AT ATLANTA, GEORGIA.
THE POPULAR FAMILY JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH.
Only igl.OO per ^iimiiii, -»vltli Pi-eralTim.
Write for sample copy and particulars.
Agents Wanted in every County in every State of the South.
Address E. Y. CLARICE,
Publisher Weekly Post, ATLANTA GA.

AD VER TISEMENTS.

XXXIII

Building and Supply House of B. H. Broomhead & Co., 36 Decatur Street.

-G-t-^-ile z^^ng/

'^i^^-i!

' izi'-n-zisid-^

-fl Broad cor. Alabama Street.
Bann.er, Transparency, yresoo and Ornamen'tal
Cr£i,37-o2a P'ortra-its  Correct Ijx]^exi.ess  ^Sea-soiialole-
NO. 8 . DECATUR ST., ATLANTA, GA.

XXXIV AD VER TISEMENTS.

GEORGIA RAILROAD

Tirg&^li Frei^lit ad \\m^\ Eoute
BEWEEN THE
WEST, NORTHWEST AND SOUTH ATLANTIC PORTS,
AND BE rWBEN THE
Eastern Cities anil the South and Southwest.

The Short Line to Maoon.
Double Daily Passenger Service between Augusta and
Macon. '
Double Daily Passenger Service betnoeen Augusta ana
Athens and between Atlanta and Athens.

The Only Line to Florida, from the West, by ¦which
Passengers can visit the Cities of Atlanta, Augusta and
Savannah without additional Cost.

The Only Line to Florida, from the East, by which
Passengers can travel via Augusta and Macon and connect
with the Cumberland Route.

SUPERB IMPROVED SLEEPERS ON NICHT TRAINS.
JOHJV W. GREEIV, E. R. DORSET,
General Manager. Qen. Freight and Passenger Agent.

3 9002 00497 4615

*^; ..-

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•¦ '•¦¦ iV^'^JL¦:•.^^¦ ¦¦-¦ \P''-^*"-.'.'-

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