tifnr!!*;'-;'r-c;.f>. --^^^

THE
PRIVATE JOURNAL
OF
AARON BURR,
DURING HIS RESIDENCE OF FOUR YEARS
IN EUROPE; WITH
SELECTIONS FROM HIS CORRESPONDENCE.
EDITED BY
MATTHEW L. DAVIS,
AUTHOR OF " MEMOIRS OF AARON BURR," &C.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
V O L. I.
NEW-YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, CLIFF-STREET.
18 38.

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1838, by
MjTTHEW L. Davis
in the Clerk's Office of the Southern Diat.'ict oi iVew Vtiik.

VALE

I

PREFACE.

Thf. following brief correspondence requires no explana
tion. The incident referred to merits record. It would
have been related in his Memoirs if Colonel Burr had not
forbidden its publication without accompanying evidence of
the fact. That evidence has but recently been procured by
the editor of these volumes, and it is now given.
TO THE REV. GARDNER SPRING.
Rev. Sir — There is an anecdote respecting Colonel Burr,
worthy, in my opinion, a place on the page of our revolu
tionary history. I should have published it if I had pos
sessed any other evidence of its correctness than what was
derived from Colonel Burr's own statement ; but, without I
could obtain that evidence, it was his wish that I should sup
press it in the Memoirs of his Life that I was preparing for
publication. I refer to the manner in which the body of
General Montgomery (after his fall on the moming of the
31st December, 1775) was rescued from the British troops
and conveyed to the American camp.
Your father, the late Rev. Samuel Spring, accompanied
General Arnold in his perilous expedition through the wil
derness in the autumn of 177-5. On the fatal morning refer
red to he was with the arniy on the Plains of Abram, and
witnessed the melancholy result of the attack upon Quebec.
May I be permitted to ask you, Rev. Sir, whether he did at
any time inform you how the body of General Montgomery
came into the possession of the American troops ? If yea,
A2

IV PREFACE.
when did he make the communication ? And under what
circumstances ? I am unwilling to give you much trouble ;
but as the incident relates to a most interesting crisis in the
history of our revolutionary struggles, you will, I trust, par
don me when I add that any details which you may be
pleased to give will confei a favour on. Rev. Sir,
Yours respectfully,
M. L. Davis.
RET. GARDNER SPRING TO M. L. DAVIS.
New-York, Brick-church Chapel, October 24, 1838.
G. Spring's compliments to Mr. Davis, with a hasty reply
lo his note of yesteriay.
The facts in relation to my venerable father's interview
with Colonel Burr are just as I stated them to you at Sara
toga. The last visit my father made me, he expressed a
great anxiety to see Colonel Burr. I objected, and told him
Burr had lost caste, and it was reputable neither to him nor
myself to call on him.
For two or three days he relinquished the design of ma
king the call. But on an afternoon just before he left us, he
said to me, " My son, I must see Burr before I leave the
city. I went through the woods with him under Arnold.
I stood by his side on the Plains of Abram, and I have not
seen him since the morning on which Montgomery fell. It
was a heavy snowstorm. Montgomery had fallen. The
British troops were advancing towards the dead body ; and
little Burr was hastening from the fire of the enemy, up to
his knees in snow, with Montgomery's body on his shoul
ders ! Do you wonder I wish to see him ?"
I conducted my father to Col. Burr's office, and we sub
sequently spent part of an evening together at my house in
Beekraan-street. My father was a volunteer chaplain un
der Arnold, and, being friends at college, he and Burr were
much together during that fearful campaign.
G. Spring.

PREFACE. V
In presenting to the public the ensuing Journal of the late
Aaron Burr, the editor is not aware that he is, in the least
d'Ogree, violating the wishes of its author, far less that he is
infringing any of the restrictions of proper reserve. The
journal was originally, indeed, intended only for Mrs. Alston,
the daughter of Col. Burr. But, after the lamented death
of this lady, the journal was carefully preserved by her
father, and committed, with his correspondence, to the edi
tor, with unlimited license of publication. It may, then, be
truly said that it is published with the assent of its author ;
and it is believed to be sufficiently curious, and indicative
of the character of an extraordinary man, to warrant its pub
lication from general considerations.
The journal, it will be seen, changes its character during
its progress. At first it seems to have been merely a few
careless and rough notes of his travels ; but it gradually
became more expanded and minute, as time grew heavy on
his hands, until, especially during his residence in Paris
and his second sojourn in England, it became a faithful tran
script of his daily life.
There are chasms in the journal which the editor has
been unable, in any extent, to supply from the contempo
raneous correspondence of the author; and these deficiencies
are the more to be regretted, as the periods of time of which
the record is thus omitted are those which would have been
highly interesting to the reader. The first serious omission
will be found in the commencement of his diary, when he
first arrived in England, ardent in his plans of engaging the
British government in the emancipation of Mexico from
Spain, and when his negotiations with the ministry were
frequent, and not without hope. The second chasm occurs
when, having been compulsorily detaiiied in Paris for more
than a year, deserted by almost every friend, without letters,
and almost without hope of release, he was unexpectedly
relieved by the Duke of Bassano. How this successful and
efTective interference was obtained, we are not informed by

VI PREFACE.
his diary. It was undoubtedly through the aid of Denon,
the celebrated traveller. We know, from other sources,
that the conduct of the Duke of Bassano was most generous ;
not limited to what alone Col. Burr had, for more than a
year, in vain requested, a relaxation of the tyrannical refusal
of his passports, but accompanied by a loan of money, which
enabled him to leave France free from debt, except to his
noble and disinterested benefactor. This was, however, the
only occurrence during his long stay in Paris which called
for gratitude. From the moment of his arrival in France
to his departure in the Vigilant, he experienced from the
government unmitigated discountenance and severity, and
from Frenchmen utter neglect and inhospitality. He whose
life, from the time he had first been their companion in arms
(as he remarked in his memorial to Napoleon), had been de
voted to kindness and hospitality to Frenchmen !
Besides the hiatus in the journal above alluded to, the
editor deems it proper to state that he has suppressed cer
tain parts. As the journal is now shown, it will probably
surprise the reader that a father should write and preserve
such a record for his daughter. It must be remembered,
however, that the perfect unreservedness with which the
author of the diary wrote to his daughter was part of the
system, be it erroneous or not, on which her education and
their intercourse had been conducted. It was his theory, as
will partly appear from the journal itself, that female edu
cation should in no respect differ from that of young men ;
and that, between parent and child, there should be the same
frankness and candour of demeanour and conversation as be
tween two friends of equal age. The theory may have been
most unfounded ; and yet he may be excused for adhering
to it, when he saw before him, produced by it, or in spite of
it, such a model of purity, intelligence, and loveliness as
Theodosia Burr Alston.
The editor anticipates criticisms on the journal for its ab
sence of political and general remark, and the apparently

PREFACE. Vll

unimportant incidents which it records. By some it will,
perhaps, be thought that it exhibits only laborious trifling,
" operose nihil agendo." There are some considerations
which may be submitted to obviate such remarks. Il is very
evident, in the first place, that the absence of all political
observations in this journal is the result of systematic reso
lution. The journal, in its early and careless stages, and in
free and constitutional England, had been seized by order of
the ministry ; and on the Continent, from Mr. Burr's arrival
in Hamburgh till his embarcation from the Holder, he must
have been daily and hourly sensible of the all-pervading
vigilance and power of the French police. The journal
shows, by its very reserve, not that its author did not ob
serve, but that he knew too well that Napoleon was em
peror, and Fouche had but just ceased to be his minister.
It should also be borne in mind that the diary was in
tended only as a memorandum for conversation with his
daughter on his return to America. He repeatedly mentions
this in his notes. The idea of publication certainly never
occurred to him. If in its later portions it became more like
a regular narrative, it was because the periods it then re
cords were those in which his detention in France by the
government, and in England by absolute want of money, left
him no occupation and no amusement but that of writing to
that beloved daughter, who, during her four years' absence
from his society, seems lo have been scarcely one moment
absent from his thoughts.
Why, then, it may be asked, is this journal published ?
Because, unless the editor deceives himself, unambitious as
it is, it will amuse the reader ; because it illustrates the
character of a distinguished man, whose influence has been
felt in his country's fortunes, and whose name will live in
her history ; and because the character illustrated is amia
ble, interesting, and not without instruction to the observer.
This man of dark intrigue and remorseless design, as it has
pleased politicians and reviewers, clerical and lay, to repre-

VIU PREFACE.
sent him, is here shown in an artless auto-biographic narra
tive, which could not he feigned, to have been one of the
most amiable and playful of men ; like the little children
whom he so remarkably and characteristically loved, he was
pleased with the slightest incidents,-lively and happy in the
humblest circumstances, and incapable of harbouring a last
ing resentment. Few of the readers of this journal will
peruse the cold-blooded insults and injuries which he re
ceived in France from the representatives of the United
States without feeling a more intense indignation than seems
to have been excited in him who was the sufferer by
them. And in the uncomplaining constancy and unabating
cheerfulness under the most trying circumstances, which
never for a moment forsook him during his long and dreary
detention in miserable lodgings in Paris, without a friend or
correspondent, and with only indefinite restrictions and pri
vations in prospect ; nor in his obscure garret in London,
with impending starvation before him. Let those who may
object to the absence of philosophic remark in the following
pages answer whether, in such exhibitions of temper and
control of mind, there was not the highest and most admira
ble philosophy ?
THE EDITOR.
New-York, November 15, 1838.

PRIVATE JOURNAL, &c.

On the 5lh of August, 1807, the trial of Colonel Burr for
treason commenced at Richmond, Virginia, Judge Marshall
presiding. On the 1st of September the jury returned a
verdict of not guilty. On the 9th of September another
jury was empannelled to try him on an indictment for mis
demeanor. In this case, as in the former, the jury pro
nounced a verdict of not guilty.
Colonel Burr remained in Richmond until the month of
December, making preparatory arrangements for a voyage
to England, with the view of inducing the British ministry to
aid him in his project of revolutionizing Mexico. As early
as the 8th of October, 1807, he stated to Blennerhassett that
" he was preparing to go to England ; that the time was
now auspicious for him," &c.*
During February and March, 1808, Colonel Burr was in
Baltimore, and from thence came to the city of New-York
in April. Here he remained for a few days incognito. He
then passed over to the country-seat of the late Peter Kem-
ble, Esq., in the neighbourhood of Belleville, New-Jersey.
In the latter part of May he returned to New- York, and
remained at the house of a friend until his departure for
England, via Halifax, in the British packet. His last inter
view with his daughter Theodosia was on the evening of
his embarcation, at the house of Mrs. Pollock. They never
again met.
On the 1st of June, 1808, he commences keeping a diary.
It consisted at first of a very few and brief memoranda, but
gradually swelled into a copious narrative of his life. It is
* See Memoirs of Aaron Burr, vol. ii., page 398.
A 3

10 PRIVATE JOURNAL
to be regretted that the earlier period of his European trav
els, when sanguine of success in his schemes, and when he
was unremitted in his negotiations, or attempts to negotiate
with the British ministry, is the least minutely recorded.
Chasms of days and weeks occur in his early memoranda ;
and, where he has left any written record, it is very concise
and obscure. The best mode of supplying these deficien
cies will be to give, in connexion with what is found of his
diary, such letters as he preserved copies of, particularly
those to his daughter, Theodosia B. Alston.
It must be borne in mind, that at the time the journal com
mences he was in the city of New- York or its vicinity, en
gaged in preparations for his journey, and preserving a strict
incognito. The letters, &c., referred to will make it stri
kingly appear how great importance he attached to this in
cognito, and the pains he took, particularly on his departure
from and on his return to America, to shroud himself in
mystery. Doubtless this partly proceeded from the love of
concealment which formed so marked a trait in his charac
ter, and was not required to the extent to which he carried
it by the circumstances of his situation ; but it is equally
certain that, at the time when the following journal com
menced, he would have been greatly embarrassed had his
plans or even his residence been known.
Extracts from Letters to Theodosia. Dates not given.
Supposed to he previous to \st June, 1808.
That we may not clash in our communications, I submit
to your perusal a letter just written lo H. N. Seal and for
ward it. It is probable that he would, within a few months,
have known of the friend there spoken of, and it was, there
fore, best to let it come from me or you. The water con
veyance is to be preferred, and if to Charleston, under cover
to Charles Kershaw, with a line.
Another parcel of papers is herewith sent, for the pur
poses before mentioned of former deposiies.

OP AARON BURR. 11
H. has sounded his friend, and, finding all right, has put
him in full communion. This circumstance, the longer
knowledge of the slate of your health, and the receipt of
three letters for important personages, indemnify me for my
share of the vexation, and the loss of time and money on a
late occasion. Perhaps more good may arise from it.
Did you talk to E. W. L. about C. ? What course will
he take ? He (E. W. L.) must co-operate wiih us, or great
mischief may ensue.
Your parcel, written yesterday, with a note acknowledg
ing the receipt of mine, has come in at two P. M. I shall
not commit violence on Miss G. nor a burglary on the house
of her uncle. The letter will be sent with a written mes
sage containing my address. After which, I stand on the
defensive. The newspaper which you intended to enclose was for
gotten. Have no apprehension about the orders I may draw
on you.
Ask Dr. Eustis his charge, and say that you will forward
it to Mr. Alston. Don't waste the money or his labour by
reserve or concealment. I don't think he will take any
thing. English papers, this day arrived, say that Mr. Armstrong
had been ordered to leave Paris, and had arrived in London,
intimating thereby a war between France and the United
States, which I believe to be all a stock-jobbing lie.
I have paid S. his dollar, and will pay you twelve. Be
assured that the one hundred and sixty barrels of rice will
arrive in the Mary Ann, subject to your orders ; and then
you'll be rich.
J. K. B. is a young gentleman of great fortune, of no oc
cupation, of good character and connexions, and of great
civility of manner. I do not know either P. or P. even by
reputation. No doubt, however, they would be very suita
ble acquaintances. Inquire when on the spot. I always
" turn over" — " nocturna versate manu."

la

PRIVATE JOURNAL

The afFection of the nerves arises wholly from the disease,
and can only be cured by removing those diseases. All
nervous medicines, unless for momentary relief, are quack
ery and nonsense. The spring waters of Ballston or Sara
toga are the best ; the only tonic which performs at once the
double cure. Have faith, and you shall be saved ; but not
without good works — meaning, thereby, the persevering use
of means.
Heighho ! news just come in that the packet does not
go till Thursday. Things seem to be well arranged. All
attempts at interview must be abandoned for this night, at
least. To-morrow we will see.
The depositions of Bayard and Smith* may be shown
without any reserve. There is no delicacy connected with
them. Be sure you get the right ones ; not their first depo
sitions, unless, indeed, both sets be shown or published to
gether ; but that would be too voluminous. There is no ob
jection even to the publication. It is a mere point of policy.
If published, it ought to be accompanied by remarks from
Aristides.i Talk to him of it. Your old young beau and
swain, J. V. N. Y., could do it, either in prose or verse.
Mr. G., who negotiates with C, says he is now all milk
and honey. The affronted neighbours can be appeased at
any time in half a minute. It is not now worth while ;
make no efibrt, except for X. The S.'s are fools by inherit
ance of five generations. What you say about changes is
very true. The wonder is that you did not discover it
sooner. What courteous friends ! I wish yoU two hundred miles
off; and you, in revenge, wish me three thousand miles off —
" Leplus loin, le plus serreT You may make H. prescribe
a sea voyage. I should feel confident of everything — " te
numine." What a long letter. I wish you were off.
A. Burr.
* See Memoirs of A. Burr, vol. ii., page 122.
t The late Judge WiUiam P. Van Ness.

OP AARON BURR. 13
TO THEODOSIA.
Order Dr. Hosack to be with you this evening. I forgot
to remind you of Anabelle Shedden. You ought, in one
line to E. A., to acknowledge the interest she has taken in
the question of tutor. You may also say that Bab., having
been formally and earnestly applied to, both by you and me,
you cannot, with propriety, apply to another. Acknowledge,
also, that the defects of his character form no serious ob
jection to his office of tutor to A. B. A., and that his knowl
edge of the Spanish language more than atones for many
defects. If you should be directed to write to Julien, sign Mary
Anne Meville, and let him know that you are the daughter of
George Meville.
I never travel without giving to my confidential servant
or attendant directions for the disposition of my papers,
clothes, &c., in case of sudden death. Do you the same.
Sam will be your agent, and F. your depository.
My letters to you will be often in a strange handwriting,
and with various signatures. Sometimes feminine.
Godwin's Enquirer. His life of Chaucer, also, has much
on language. It is, indeed, rather a history of the English
language than of the poet. Make your list of books, or
rather of subjects.
If you should have a newspaper containing a letter from
B. to Gov. Williams, February, 1807, send it to me; but
don't hunt for it yourself.
Tell Sam to engage the carriage for this evening. I do
not yet know the hour or place of meeting. You will hear
before nine. My baggage will go in the packet, myself in
the schooner. Ask Mrs. P., with suitable apologies, to write
her friend H. a line to the following effect :
" My friend, Mr. Edwards, who has a letter of introduc
tion from me to you, has sent part of his baggage to your
care ; lest it might arrive before him, be pleased to take
charge of it till his arrival."

14 PRIVATE JOURNAL
What is the Christian name of Mrs. P. ? I send you a
letter of R. R., that you may see the goodness of herself and
cousin. How are you ? A. Burr.
TO THEODOSIA.
There is dignity and fortitude in your letter. Need it be
added that I am charmed with it ? We had come to the
same conclusion by sympathy. A long letter was sent in
quest of you a few minutes "ago. It will, probably, not find
you till late. C. has just come in. I rejoice to see him.
T.'s letter shall be reviewed and returned to-morrow.
The swelling is a mere indication of the weak and slug
gish stale of the vessels. One week at Saratoga will carry
it off. I think your departure should not be deferred more
than one day, so that you may hear, &c. Conjecture may
carry me with you. A. Burr.
TO THEODOSIA.
My dear T., the weather is so inauspicious that I tremble
at the thought of the enterprise you are about to undertake.
If the " turn" is such as I suppose, a cold night prove fatal.
Let us hazard nothing for the gratification of our feelings.
You will have yet some hours to make minutes or notes of
all you have to say or ask. That you may be more in the
way of sending to me, suppose you should go and pass the
day at Robert Swartwoul's ; no, there again you might be
exposed during the transit. Stay at home, and write and
send Sam as your postboy.
If we should not meet to-day, I shall write something, in
which I shall speak of you in the third person, under the
name of Anne, and  will be designated by H — n.
Express to Mrs. P., if you can, all my gratitude and
afFection. Tell me something more of Miss Grattan — her
age and pretensions. Is she daughter, or any way related
to the Irish orator ?
Since writing the above the weather has become clear.

OP AARON BURR. 15
I submit the propriety of your expedition to yourself and
O. ; but if the " turn" be as I hope, there will be hazard,
and there ought to be none. A. Burr.
TO THEODOSIA.
" Tuesday night ;'' and why did you not write me on
Wednesday morning ? The captain's I ihink safer than L.
I will be there at ten. You may go when and how he
and you may agree, and with or without your little girl.
I have for some time been apprehensive that you had
rheumatic affections. The symptoms you describe may be
of that character, but more probably are some of that infi
nite variety of spasmodic and nervous affections which are
the invariable companions of extreme debility ; whichever
it may be, the waters will cure ; for every species of rheu
matism, they are infallible.
Before leaving town, which ought not to be till Friday,
write E. W. L., requesting that he would call now and
then on Saltus, to know and advise you when any remit
tance may be received for you, and how to draw for it.
We shall have only one hour together. You say that my
note by T. was received, <kc. Pray, were there not three
notes and a parcel beside ? I thought you had been long
since cured of this slovenly way of acknowledging. If I
had been at a great distance, this circumstance would have
given great uneasiness. As it now is, I shall know the
truth a few hours hence ; but, in the mean time, I am far from
being tranquil.
One other point in which you have improved, but you are
yet far from being perfect, and after we are separated I
must exact the most rigid attention ; that is, to answer
every part of a letter which appears to require any answer.
To this end, always have before you the letters you are
about to answer, read them over before you begin, and
make short notes of the heads requiring a reply.
A. Burr.

16 PRIVATE JOURNAL

TO THEODOSIA.

I submit to you the choice of seeing me on Thursday or
Friday evening, and the manner of which I have had a talk
with S.
See that our amiable friend Mrs. P.'s letters are ready.
W. will call to-morrow evening lo aid with the packing. I
want no provisions. If Mr. L. should have given you
money in paper, give it to S. to put into gold ; if he can
not get guineas, let him get it in gold of the United States.
The label on the larger trunk is marked E. W. L. ; this
ought to be changed, and G. H. E. or something else put on.
There is, in my opinion, nothing to apprehend from R.
There are strong motives of interest to check him. If he
should again call on you, treat him sternly. A. Burr.

TO THEODOSIA.

It was two o'clock this morning before I could have the
privilege of reading your letters ; and, first, I admire your
manner of writing. There is a selection, an energy and ap
titude in your expressions, which, to use the vulgar male
slang — is not feminine. But to business.
You may tell Mari the expression of  in any way,
and quoting any authority you please. It was made about
three or four days after my arrival in Georgetown.
Be very slow and cautious in believing the professions, (fee,
of H — n. The fit might have been on in that moment. It
was not the first, and, like the former, will doubtless be tran
sient. I congratulate you on the company of Miss J.
H., the friend and relation of H., is a God-send. Most cer
tainly shall I avail myself of it to the utmost extent. H. is
to see me this morning ; I have resolved to go down in a
pilot-boat the night preceding the departure of the packet.
We will do things better. H. and T. shall be brought to
gether this morning.
E. W. L. is mistaken about the notes. Three thousand
dollars are due, and will undoubtedly be paid in December —

OF AARON BURR. 17
residue 1st March ; but they may be discounted sixty days
before due ; so that, by ordering this to the man in Balti
more, three thousand dollars might be had 1st October.
To whom did you give the books and ring? O., I
suppose, in which case I shall see them by-and-by. Poor,
dear little soul ; yes, I have indeed robbed thee of every
thing but thy talents. God reward thee.
Anabelle takes by will and not by inheritance ; the birth
is therefore no matter. Why will not H. give me a copy
of the will ? Coz is Moore. The cloak may be made into
a bundle and sent with my baggage. If I thought M. had
not yet replaced it, I would send it back, for it will only be
worn while I am somebody else.
The tin box is discarded, and the maps packed into the
trunk. Mrs. Reade is the wife of  Reade, of Red Hook, and
daughter of R. G. Livingston. I have been often, very
often, most hospitably and kindly entertained at her house.
She sometimes at mine, but the balance is in her favour.
Her daughter, a pretty little blonde, must have married one
of the Stuyvesants. Mrs. Reade is sincere in any offers of
kindness or civility which she may make you, and you need
not fear disappointment in accepting them. They live very
handsomely, and know better how to receive their friends
than almost any you will meet.
I see great difficulties in any attempt to meet. Perhaps
at some third place. Gates's, if it were nearer. If any
thing should occur to you tending to clear the way, note it
to me. A. Burr.
TO THEODOSIA.
You will rejoice to see my young friend D., and to know
that he goes with me the first stage. I am so impatient to
hear from yoli, that I have sent him to see you, and to ask
your plans for the evening, and to know how you are. That
cough is distressing. A. Burr.

18 PRIVATE JOURNAL
TO THEODOSIA.
So soon as you shall hear of my being off, write E. A. that
at the moment of writing this Fernet is one hundred miles
from New- York and all well. Write the same to Colonel
De Pestre, only instead of Fernet say Meville.
It is not probable that I shall have an opportunity of wri
ting you one word, but one of the party will call on you.
To H — n, write the doctor is at a great distance, I cannot say
where, and well.
My papers may be lodged with young Gouv. Kemble if
you should doubt of their safety at P.'s. A. Burr.
TO THEODOSIA. Thursday, P. M. 9 o'clock, i
on board the Packet. J
The enclosed was written from the pilot-boat. My recep
tion has been perfectly satisfactory. The captain, by the
pains he took to accommodate and facilitate my embarca
tion, has redeemed his character.
I have desired Mr. G. M. O. to introduce to you his
brother, Francis B. O. I am greatly indebted to them.
A. Burr.
Journal, June 1, 1808.
Having paid sixty dollars for the cabin of the Clarissa
Ann, and also for a pilot-boat to put me on board, I was to
meet the pilot-boat near the Narrows. At ten A. M., T. ar
rived at  , where I lodged. At four P. M., left in a
skiff, with a man and a boy — heavy wind. We went on
Long Island at the place agreed on, and there passed the
night. June 2. At nine A. M. crossed to Staten Island, having
seen neither S. nor pilot-boat — returned. At eleven A. M.
¦took boat and landed at Communipas. The boy and I went
•to the Vineyard, and reached there one P. M.

OF AARON BURR. 19
June. 3. Remained till eight A. M. Left for the Nar
rows with  . Reached the house of G. Kemble.
June 4. G. Kemble arrived. Very politely received by
Mr! K  .

June 5. Remain here.
June 6. R. Swartwout. At nine P. M. went with him to
N. Y. Lodged with J. S.
June 7. H. introduced W. E. Hosack. Ten P. M., met
T. At eleven A. M. went on board pilot-boat with F. B.
O. Set sail.
June 8. No wind. At three P. M. anchored between
Narrows and Sandy Hook.
June 9. At seven P. M. set sail. At six P. M. see the
packet Queen Charlotte. Fair wind. Passengers, Ed
wards,* Luscomb, Clough, Hosack, Mackay, Harrison, wife
of Judge Thorpe and six children, Henley, and Charles
Alexander Williamson.
The two following letters were written just before sailing.
TO THEODOSIA.
The transition was fortunate, and the new location made
under good auspices, but the moment of separation was im-
bittered by tears and reproaches, to which, unfortunately,
your page was a witness.
I fear you suffered from your late expedition. Tell me
frankly, and never again attempt to deceive me. The at
tempt you once made will poison my happiness by impair
ing my confidence in your communications on that subject,
unless it can be restored by new assurances ; but this you
need not now answer.
Give Amidi fifty dollars. If you should not have less
than one hundred, give him a bill to change, for he must pay
thirty dollars for me to-day.
I may probably put you in correspondence with several
literary characters. In your replies, recollect what is duo
* Colonel Burr's assumed name.

20 PRIVATE JOURNAL
to yourself. Avoid all extravagant indications and expres
sions of " being flattered by the notice," &c. Of all races
of animals, authors are the vainest ; but the sensorium of van
ity is in their offspring. No eulogies of their works can be
too gross or too often repeated. But here again recollect
what is due to yourself. General and indiscriminate flat
tery may commit your sincerity and impeach your judg
ment. Every work, not wholly unworthy of notice (and
with the author of such you will have no intercourse), has
some particular point of merit. Seek out that, and even if
you should hyperbolize a little, your discernment will be
manifest in the selection, and the excess will be justly as
cribed to courtesy and good breeding. All such letters will
some time or other get into print ! There is a dignified
condescension which becomes your sex and your reputation.
Put all my papers and manuscript books into some one
box (you may get one made for the purpose, if you please),
and leave it with Mrs. P., keeping yourself the key. Tell
her, in a manner which she may or may not understand,
that they are yours. Wille will do the labour for you. Set
Amidi to hunt up a sloop for you.
It does not appear to me that we can conveniently meet
this evening, but certainly one whole night before separation.
Make haste, in the mean time, to gather strength for the oc
casion. Your efforts on the late one were wonderful. God
grant that they may not have wholly exhausted you.
Just as I was writing to F. to summon him down to exe
cute the power of attorney, it occurs to me that Gamp, must
be entitled to the whole in right of his wife. You will, for the
first time in your life, acknowledge the justice of such ty
rannic laws. Don't cry, dear, for your loss. It would go
to mar. A. Burr.
TO THEODOSIA.
Make  pubHsh, about the time you get these, that
Gamp, passed through that place on the — day of June, on

OF AARON BURR. SI
his way to Canada, accompanied by one Frenchman and
two Americans or Englishmen. On the same day Mrs.
Alston passed through on her way for Saratoga, for her
health (or some such thing).
My dear creature, I regret sorely that we cannot meet
this evening ; but, somehow and somewhere, to-morrow ab
solutely we will.
Perfect arrangements are made for the grand Hegira, and
all seems well. Sleep ; refresh and strengthen yourself.
A. Burr.
The memoranda of his voyage are merely brief notices
of the wind and weather. The packet sailed for Halifax,
where Colonel Burr received letters from Sir George Pre-
vost to his mother in England and to Mr. Mallet in London.
In his instructions to Col. Burr, Sir George says, " You may
converse freely with Mr. Cooke."
Government House, Halifax, June 20, 1808.
You will allow the bearer (Mr. G. H. Edwards) to pro
ceed without delay from Falmouth lo London ; the said G.
H. Edwards having despatches for the Right Hon. Lord
Castlereagh, at whose office he is immediately to present
himself on his arrival in London.

George Prbvost.

Collector of His Majesty's Customs, )
or who else it may concur 5

Ballston, June 21, 1808.
This is the commencement of my 26th year. After your
departure, my dear brother, we were alarmed with a report
that you had been taken by the French ; but as it was im
mediately contradicted, I yielded to my belief in the supe
riority of the English at sea, and to my reliance in the pro
tection of your friend Neptune. I am extremely anxious
* Col. Burr.

22 PRIVATE JOURNAL
and impatient to hear from, and learn the particulars of your
voyage. Never were hopes brighter than mine. To look
on the gloomy side would be death to me, and without re
serve I abandon myself to all the gay security of a sanguine
temper. The ride here, though very fatiguing to me, was by no
means as much so as you apprehended. The waters, as
yet, have not been of material service, although I think my
strength begins to increase. Ab, if I had but you to nurse
me ! How good the tea was that you made. How tenderly
were all my wishes anticipated, every inconvenience pre
vented. But do not imagine that my spirits are low, or that
I am so weak as to wish you back. Do me more justice.
I am cheerful always, and if my feeling ever amount to
great gayety, your present voyage is the source of it.
My lodgings here are very comfortable. The house,
though a public boarding-house, is quiet and neat; and I
may truly say that my situation is as comfortable and
pleasant as yourself could wish. I shall remain six weeks,
as you advised, in the conviction that the waters must cure
me, if you said so. Adieu. A. B. A. is well, and kisses
you, as does your devotedly affectionate
Mary Ann Edwards.*
July 13. Arrived at Falmouth alj^yht P. M. Custom
house, &c.
July 14. At nine P. M. took mail, with Capt. Gerrard of
the Marines and Mr. Luscomb. Breakfast at Tinro. In
solence of landlord. Arrived at Exeter at nine P. M.
July 15. Leave Exeter at four A. M. Breakfast at 
very bad and very disobliging. Luscomb leaves us.
July 16. Arrived at half past six at London. Set down
at Gloster Coffee-house. Piccadilly with Gerrard. Garret
rooms. No breakfast till nine. Breakfast in coffee-room.
Call on John Lewis Mallet — hien regu. On Reeves with
* Theodosia,

OF AARON BURR. 23
letter of Willot. His surprise — ^joy. On Castlereagh and
Cooke. Out of town. Soir — opera — galere.
TO COLONEL CHARLES WILLIAMSON.* London, July 19, 1808.
I was deposited in this city on the 16ih. Your absence
is extremely distressing and embarrassing, as it is a contin
gency against which I had made no provision. Though the
new state of things defeats, for the present, the speculations
we had proposed, yet it opens new views, not less impor
tant. I have met courtesy and respect as far as I have
moved, which is hitherto only in the threshold. You
should have left me some letters of introduction, or instruc
tions more precise than those which our young friend has
communicated. Perhaps the omission may be repaired if
this should find you at the post from which your last was
dated. It was my good fortune to be fellow-passenger with
Charles Alexander, a most amiable and interesting boy.
His engaging manners and amiable temper endeared him
to the whole ship's crew. I could relate you some anec
dotes of him which would charm and flatter you. He is
under the immediate care of Mr. W. E. Hosack, a Scotch
merchant of very respectable standing and character, who is
established at New- York, and is now on his way to Scotland.
You must not fail to advise me, from time to time, of your
movements. In whatever I may engage, I shall invite you
to participate. A. Burr.
In London Col. Burr received from Col. Charles WilHam-
son the following letter :
? Colonel Williamson was the brother of Lord Balgray, and was at one time
the agent for the Pulteney estate in this country. He was early and fully advised
of Colonel Burr's views in regard to Mexico.

24 PRIVATE JOURNAL
On board the Royal Geoirge, )
Lord CoUingwood, off Cadiz, June 19, 1808. J
Mt dear Sir,
Just when under orders to embark, your letter, dated in
April from New- York, reached me in England. That I may
be absent when you arrive is to me distressing. Unfor
tunately, the person who brought me your letter last winter
was from London, and I could not see him. I, in that case,
did the only thing left for me, and which I thought could be
of use to us all, which was, to put it in your power to advise
what means would most certainly prevent the French in the
present crisis from having the command of the Floridas and
Mexico. No man can give so valuable information as your
self; and the most unlimited confidence may be placed in
those to whom I have suggested the information being given.
From the person to whom such information will be accepta
ble, you will likely know where I a'm. Be assured nothing
would be so grateful to me as to meet you there.
With perfect regard, your friend, C. Williamson.
On his arrival at Falmouth Col. Burr addressed the fol
lowing^ TO THEODOSIA. July 13, 1808.
At two p. M. we are within the harbour, and shall land
about four o'clock. As all will then be bustle and hurry, I
seize the only moment which maybe at my command lo an
nounce this fortunate transit. I shall be at headquarters
(two hundred and eighty miles) on the 16th.
It was omitted in my last to say that 69 has given me let
ters to the two principal partners of the house of 70. 69's
had not arrived. My health has been improved by the jour
ney. Communicate thus much lo 71 and 72.
Part of my clothes and many other articles were left (maps

OF AARON BURR. 25
also), by whom or vyhere I know not. Probably chez our
dear enthusiastic Coz. Inquire for them and take them into
your custody. This restraint is extremely painful, yet it
must be endured for a few weeks.
The above was written in the harbour of Falmouth, in the
hope that we should find a packet just about to sail. It had
sailed the day previous lo our arrival. I left Falmouth at
four o'clock on the morning of the 14th, in the mail, and ar
rived in London at six A. M., the 16th, being about fifty
hours on the road. A. Burr.
[Journal here becomes very defective.]
July 26. Rode in stage to Weybridge to see Mrs. Pre-
vost, about nineteen miles. Arrive at one P. M. Dine at
Robson's with Hosack et ux. Madame Prevost — Constant
et ux. Dinner very simple. After dinner, cards. Retire
with Mrs. Prevost and Mrs. C. at eleven. Lodge at inn
called The Ship. Mem. Picture of Sir George Prevost,
painted by Miss de Toll, daughter of Baron de Tott, who
now resides with the Margravine of Anspach.
The following notes are the only memorials we find of
Col. Burr's attempts to enlist the ministry in his plans :
Mr. Cooke presents his compliments to Mr. Burr, and will
be obliged if he would do him the honour of calling upon
him to-morrow morning, at No. 1 North Row, Park Lanp,
about ten o'clock.
Downing-street, July 18, 1808.
Mr. Hammond presents his compliments to Mr. Burr, and
has the honour to inform him that Mr. Canning will be happy
to see him at No. 24 BurtonTStreet, to-morrow forenoon at
eleven o'clock.
Downing-street, July 21, 1808.
Vol. I.— B

26 private journal
Sir,
I waited for you at Lord Castlereagh's office on Monday
until four. On Tuesday I was particularly engaged. This
day I am employed about a house for Mrs. Thorpe and fam
ily, but to-morrow evening I should be happy to meet you
at seven o'clock at Story's Coffee-house.
I hope your business is going on well. Believe me, with
great respect, yours, &c., RoBfcRT Thorpe.

Admiralty, Thursday moming, 10 o'clock, )
July 20, 1808. J
My dear Col.,
Lord Mulgrave will be glad to see you here at twelve
o'clock. In haste, most truly yours,
M. A. Gerrard.

FROM D. M. RANDOLPH.
London, July 18, 1808.
I hope you will find a leisure moment for perusing the
enclosed. Col. Williamson's letters will afford you some
interest, among the deal of matter relating to my passport.
T. Wilson's letters, together with my project, and the cor
respondence with Baring, will prove to you that I have been
active. I forget if you saw Parish's letters. Mr. M. told me,
indeed showed me a letter from Parish the day I sailed, in
which he promised to forward other more useful letters ;
and this you will see recited in my letter to Baring. The
letters for Paris, too, may not be amiss for you to see ; for
we have a wide field before us, and ihe world's unsettled
state may, in lime, bring some of all these circumstances
into notice.
Thus much is presented to you for consideration when
you can spare a moment from your own more serious con
cerns. And, my hopes having vanished, I am left without

OP AARON BURR. 87
any other resource than upon your own superior view of
things. Accordingly, as you shall advise, so shall I be at
command.
D. M. Randolph.
JOURNAL.
1808. August 10. Declaration of Aaron Burr, an alien,
taken before John Reeves, Esq., the lOlh day of August,
1808. Declare, 1st, your name, age, place of birth, rank, occupa
tion or profession (the same in French).
Aaron Burr, United States, rank of citizen, forty and
upward. 2d, Your residence, when last in your own country. —
New- York.
3d, Your last and principal residence before your arrival
in this kingdom. — New-York.
4lh, To whom known in this kingdom, and the place of
his or her residence.
Stb, For what reason or purpose are you come ?
/ am known personally to Lord Mulgrave and Mr. Can
ning, to whom the motives to my visit have been declared.
Those 7-easons have long been known to Lord Melville.
6th, When and where did you land in this kingdom ?
July. Falmouth.
7th, Where you now reside, and have resided since your
last arrival ? London, Craven-street, No. 30.
Sign your name.
The undersigned was born within the king's allegiance
and his parents British subjects. A. Burr.
1808. August 11. Received invitation from Jeremy Ben-
tham inviting me to pass some days chez lui.
13. Dr. Joseph Moore introduced me to Fuseli, to view
Royal Academy.
B2

28 PRIVATE JOURNAL
18. At nine this morning found my trunk. At ten got into
the stage for Gadstone. To Croydon 10 miles, where waited
two hours, and then hired postchaise to take me lo Barrow
Green, near Gadstone, 13 miles; in fact 12. Arrived there
at four P. M. Found Jeremy pentham, and his secretary J.
Herbert Koe, waiting for me at the gate. Affectionate re
ception. Introduced to his " workshop" — ^license over his
papers. 19 and 20. With Bentham at Barrow Green.
21. Sunday. Returned to town. Took bed at 30 Craven-
street. 22. Lodged at Benlham's house at Queen's Place. Very
kind reception by Madam Stoker. Wrote Bentham by mail
this afternoon, and by baggage-wagon this evening. Letter
from Beckett, first under secretary to Lord Hawkesbury,
asking me to call on Friday last.
24. Letter to D. M. Randolph to consult Marquis Iruko
about J. Bentham's Tactics. At ten got into stagecoach
for Croydon. Stopped to see the railway. Four horses
were drawing sixteen wagons, each containing two tons
fifteen hundred, equal \,o forty -four tons, being eleven tons
to each horse.
26, 27, 28, and 29. At Barrow Green. Amiable sim
plicity of J. Bentham. He was interested by the picture of
Theo. "Dear little creature. Let her take care." Gave
me a letter to General Bentham.
FROM T. H. MALLET. Lansdown Place, August 9, 1808.
I am desired by Mr. Reeves to request you will have
the goodness to call upon him, at the alien office, to-morrow
morning about twelve, in order that the needful may be
done to comply with the alien regulations.
I am, in great haste, yours,
Thos. H. Mallet.

OF AARON BURR. 29
FROM ERICH BOLLMAN. Philadelphia, August 11, 1808.
Dear Sir,
I stayed at New-Orleans from January to the 27lh of
June, with sufficient professional success lo defray my ex
penses, but I clearly saw that, with twenty-two physicians
in the place, I never should do more. Besides, the Ameri
cans shun me ; and Clark himself, on his return, anxious to
make his peace with his enemies, and causing the govern
or to be invited to a dinner which was given lo Clark (who,
of course, refused to come), rather avoided me ; wished me
not to call on him, and came lo see me by stealth. Dis
gusted with this state of things, I left the place and arrived
in New-York a few days ago. On the passage I had an
attack of a vile fever, something like the yellow fever.
Dashing of sea water over me during the height of it has
saved my life, of which my fellow-passengers despaired.
Since my arrival here I have been seized with a quotidian
intermittent, of which I am still suffering. I was glad, on
my arrival at New- York, to learn that you had embarked
for England, where I hope you will meet with a change of
fortune. Madame Marigny I found consumptive on my arrival at
New-Orleans, though none of her physicians would believe
it. She became my patient when it was too late. On the
approach of the mild season I sent her to sea, accompanied
by her father and sister, for Philadelphia, because the em
bargo prevented a longer voyage, which would have been
preferable. She mended at sea, but died a week after her
arrival. .:
In New-Orleans the usual apathy prevails among the
original inhabitants as to rulers and masters. Judge Work
man, now practising as a lawyer, is the only man of energy,
which is constantly excited in the old cause. His looks
are steadfastly turned to the South.

30 PRIVATE JOURNAL
I intend to embark for Bordeaux as soon as my health is
estabhshed, and from thence straight to proceed to my old
friend whom I knew in England and in this country. If he
is not quite changed by prosperity, to which I think him
superior, I hope to obtain an advantageous employment
in this part of the world, where, if the plans of Bonaparte
in Spain are successful, there must be so much to be
arranged and settled.
William Maclure and Monsieur Volney in Paris will know
of me. You know dest un Sol hrulant. I shall, of course,
expect no communication from you, except by a perfectly
safe personal conveyance. I have seen none of your friends
yet, but shall call on Mr. Reckless, in Jersey.
Leonora is now also here ; well and industrious. She
has nearly finished a little novel, which will be read with
avidity. She does not know of this opportunity, staying in
the country. The bearer, Mr. Prime, a fellow-passenger of
mine from New-Orleans, an Englishman, came half an hour
ago to inform me that he should set off at twelve o'clock in
the mail-stage for New- York, to go in the British packet,
ready lo sail. Yours,
Erich Bollman.
to samuel swartwout.
Barrow Green, Aagust 19, 1808.
If I had nothing but amusement in view, this would be
my residence for at least six months. Unless I should
visit town on Sunday, which is not quite decided, my return
will depend on the advice which may be received from and
through yau.
The enclosed to Mr. Slade must be sent immediately on
receipt of this. It contains an apology for not dining with
him on Saturday (to-morrow). You would not be troubled
with it if his number could be recollected. It may be
known from Mr, Randolph or Mr. Hosack. Pray do not
delay.

OF AARON BURR. 31
The key of the drawers which contain my papers is here
with enclosed. Please to select out Gould's Surveys of the
Coast of Florida; four sheets. A map of North Carolina,
four sheets. Map of Mexico, large sheet, manuscript. A
map of certain roads, &c., on very thin paper. A map of
the Lake Nicaragua, one sheet, manuscript. Two maps on
common paper, and coarsely executed, very long and nar
row ; one of the river Chalahouche, the other of a route
from Washington City to Mobile. A map of part of New-
Orleans territory and Florida, manuscripts, thin paper. Let
all these be rolled up in one roll, and on a round stick. The
widest first, and so on. These, with anything else you may
have to forward to me, must be put into the hands of Mrs. Sto
ker, at J. Bentham's house. Queen Square Place, Westmin
ster, by nine o'clock on Monday morning. This lady is Mr.
Benlham's housekeeper. Ask at 30 Craven-street for let
ters for me.
Write me the result of your breakfast, which is, I think,
to lake place on Sunday. It is still possible, not very prob
able, that I may be in town on Saturday evening.
A. Burr.
TO DAVID M. RANDOLPH.
Barrow Green, August 21, 1808.
Yesterday was transrnitted to you a memorandum, to be
communicated to the Marquis Iruko, on a subject which ap
peared to me to be at this moment of peculiar interest to
his country. I have perused so much of the work* as satis
fies me of its very great merit. The usages in the ancient
parliaments, and modern political and legislative assemblies
of France, are contrasted with those of England ; their sev
eral defects demonstrated, and the true course pointed out
in a manner the most conclusive and satisfactory. I speak
with the more confidence on this subject, being one in which
it is, in our country, believed that I possess superior knowl
edge. Of its very great importance, no one in the least
* Tactics of Legislation,

32 PRIVATE JOURNAL
degree conversant with the transactions of public bodies
can be unconscious.
It occurred lo me, the moment the work came into my
hands, that the marquis might be disposed in some way to
give it the sanction of his name ; and thus, in rendering an
important benefit to his country, at the same time recom
mend himself to the notice of the newly-organized authori
ties. I was led to this conclusion by other considerations
which cannot here be detailed. If he should be disposed to
take any interest in the translation and transmission of the
work, and should desire an interview with me on the occa
sion, I will come to town for the purpose.
To prevent any misapprehension of the motives, it is
proper to add that Mr. Bentham is a man of independent
fortune, and never desires nor seeks to derive any pecuniary
emolument from his literary labours. His great work on
morals and legislation, the only one on that subject extant
in any language which merits the name of a system, has
had an extensive sale in Spain, no less than seven hundred
copies having been sold there, although that work is written
in French. This information I have from his editor. Hence
the name of Mr. Bentham must already be familiar to the
reflecting men of that country ; and, being known, must be
admired and respected, almost to admiration, by those who
are capable of estimating his worth.
Please to communicate this without delay to the mar
quis, and to favour me with your answer. A. Burr.
TO JEREMY BENTHAM. August 22, 1808.
It has been my misfortune to attract the notice of Lord
Hawkesbury. On my arrival in town last evening a note
from that department was found at my lodgings, dated on
Thursday last, requesting my attendance on the day then
following at the office of secretary of state. I shall, there
fore, as in duty bound, advise them of my arrival, and of my

OF AARON BURR. 33
readiness to lend a gracious ear to their farther requests.
This business, whatever it may be (and I have a presenti
ment that it is for no good, having no business nor wishing
to have any with that department), will unavoidably detain
me to-morrow, and very likely the next day, of which I
hasten to give you this notice.
I called last evening at the Bird-Cage,* and handed your
note lo Mrs. S. Her reception gave me the most flattering
testimony of the very friendly tenour of your instructions to
her. Among the articles which you will receive to-morrow
will be found a roll directed to me, which you are author
ized and required lo open. It contains some articles which
may assist in the cross-examination. Something farther will
be brought by the deponent himself. The examination shall
be had in the natural way,
I called on the Spaniard. Had not the good fortune to
find him home, but have taken measures to ensure an inter-
view to-morrow. It is not possible that I should leave town
without conferring with him on the subject proposed. Were
Lord Hawkesbury out of question (would to God that he
were !), this alone would detain me, God bless and pre.
serve you many years, A. Burr,
TO J. BENTHAM. Bird-Cage, 11 P. M., August 28, 1809.
At nine P. M, possession was taken, by depositing the
•' rat-traps," and entry of their owner. Having before been
only in the two rooms on the left, and barely looked into the
garden, no idea had been formed of the extent and beauty of
the premises.
My first work was to hunt for the " Tactics." The book
was presently found ; but my disappointment is very great
that this volume contains only a part of the sixth essay, Of
this, however, something will be said anon,
* The city residence of Jeremy Beotham,
B3

34 PRIVATE JOURNAL,
The Hawkesbury affair turned out to be just nothing. If
no other dignified personage should honour me with his no
tice, I shall dine with you on Wednesday. A. Burr.
TO JOHN REEVES, ESQ.
Craven-street, Strand, August 22, 1808.
I wish to visit a friend at Weybridge, another at God-
stone, and a third at Gaddesden. Those places being re
spectively about nineteen miles from London. If it should
be necessary that permission should be had for journeys of
this extent, I pray that you will be so good as to transmit me
what may be deemed necessary. A. Burr.
FROM J. REEVES.
LLLLLLDLL August 22, 1808.
What you mention will be wanted ; and if you will send
me your license, I will do it myself. I think I may take
that upon me, because I have had no answer lo the letter I
wrote and put into your hands. I suppose it was delivered.
I go out of town early to-morrow. So I beg of you to
send me your license this evening. Yours truly,
J. Reeves.
FROM CHARLES SMITH.
Great Marlboro'-street, August 25, 1808.
Letters of the superscription you describe are certainly in
my hands, and I am to entreat you will enable me to give
them up with propriety, considering that I have not the
honour of knowing you.
To me this caution appears necessary when I reflect that
the political and personal enemies of Col. Burr might not
look on the Atlantic as an obstacle to their persecution ;
but endeavour surreptitiously to obtain, even on this side the
water, communications certainly confidential, probably in
their nature important.
The impression of high respect for Col. Burr's talents

OF AARON BURR. 35
which I have received from Col. Williamson would not
have the tendency of throwing me off my guard.
Charles Smith.

Barrow Green, near Godstone, August 27, 1808.
After the lapse of ten days, it is time to avail myself of
your license, and to give some account of myself.
You may recollect that I left your house to travel lo
London en philosophe, or rather enpelerin. After walking
three or four miles, the good fortune of procuring a chaise
enabled me to reach town in season to fulfil my engagement
to Mallet. I met there, besides former acquaintances, Mrs.
Young, a very engaging women, and Miss C. Baring, a fine,
animated, sensible girl, who amused me very much. It
happened that I was out of talking distance of Mrs. Young.
They are both sisters of Mr, M,
On the day following I came lo this place, the summer
residence of Mr. Bentham. He received me with something
more than hospitality. After assigning to me my apartment,
he led me immediately into what he calls his "workshop"
(a spacious room, fitted up with great convenience for his
purposes), showed me his papers, and gave me an unquali
fied privilege to read anything and at any time. It was im
possible to have given me a more flattering mark of confi
dence. We pass about six hours a day in our separate
rooms, and the residue together — hitherto without ennui.
Mr. Bentham loses nothing by being seen and known, I
have daily new reason to admire the amazing extent and
acuteness of his mind ; but 1 am most agreeably surprised
to find that he is frank and social in his temper, cheerful
even to playfulness : qualities extremely rare in men habitu-.
ated to intense intellectual labour.
On Thursday (the 30lh) I shall go to town, under a §ort
of half engagement, however, to return immediately, and
* The mother of Sir George Prevost,

36 private JOURNAL
pass the next month here — an engagement which most
probably, I may say certainly, will not be performed. I
have, or ought to have, something else to do besides philoso
phizing at Barrow Green. What that something is cannot
be said, not being exactly known even to myself. But in
truth, my friend, I have no plan, nor will any be adopted
till I have seen you. Blessings on you for all your goodness.
Your letter to Mrs. M. was sent, together with my card,
the morning of my leaving town. Nothing has been heard
from her ; nor, indeed, has it been possible, seeing my ab
sence, though I have been one night in town ; but it was at
the house of my philosophic friend, and merely to hunt there
for papers.
I pray to be kept in the recollection of the Gunns. It
would gratify me to hear the denouement, or sequel, if any
there was, of our fete champetre.
Accept assurances of my devotion and respect.
A. Burr.
TO CAPT. CHARLES SMITH.
Barrow Green, August 27, 1808.
Your letter of the 25lh has been received at this place,
whither I had come on a visit lo a friend.
It is impossible that I should not approve the caution
which governs you with regard lo my letters. In order to
give you the most perfect satisfaction of which the subject
is susceptible, I would propose a personal interview. For
this purpose I will be in London on Monday evening, and
will call on you on Tuesday or Wednesday, at any hour and
place you may find convenient, either in town or country.
A. Burr.
TO D. M. RANDOLPH.
Sunday, P. M., August 28, 1808.
Since writing to you this morning, I have laid my hands
on a printed abstract of the work in question, and herewith

OF AARON BURR. 37
enclose it to be shown to the marquis. It will give a better
idea of the nature of the work than the perusal of any de
tached part. The reputation and known ability of the author
are a sufficient guarantee for the execution. You may leave
it with the marquis, if he shall appear to desire il, from a
wish to promote the publication ; but you must be very
careful to stipulate for the return of this sheet ; to be re
turned Tuesday morning. Mr. Dumont, a literary man of
some note, has been for some time employed in making,
and has now completed, an abridgment of the work, having
selected such pans only as, in his opinion, might be imme
diately useful lo and necessary for the Cortez. Of the merit
of Mr. D.'s performance I cannot speak, not having seen it ;
but, from what I have seen of his labours in a similar way,
have no doubt but he has executed this with ability. Of the
original work you have already my opinion.
A. Burr.
TO JEREMY BENTHAM.
Queen's Place, September 1, 1808.
There is no longer a hope of the patronage, nor even of
the good-will of the Don for any improvement in Political
Tactics. The horrors of innovation have invaded him.
" The Cortez must, and ought lo, and will proceed in its own
way, and according lo its ancient usages. The attempt to
instruct it by the example of foreign assemblies, especially
of any so tainted with democratic infection as those of
France at one lime, and those of England at all times, would
be odious and alarming," &c., &c.
It is a task, one would think, of no great difficulty, to dis
criminate between the forms which preserve decorum and
dignity, and facilitate the attainment of an end, and those
changes in principle which may either impair or extend the
power, or vary the objects of an institution. If similar ap
prehensions, and they would be equally rational, should ob
struct their improvement in military tactics, God help the

38 PRIVATE JOURNAL
patriots of Spain. The truth is, my friend has an interest,
a deep and imperious personal interest, in the perpetuation
of abuse. How would you reason against fifty thousand
dollars per annum ? Only by holding out the prospect of
one hundred thousand, which I fear neither you nor I can do
just now. Les comrnissaires will nevertheless, it is hoped,
be free from the influence, if not wholly from the prejudices,
of this new patriot,
Dumont arrived this evening, as I was told, at his lodg^
ings. He being abroad, we did not meet. The hourly ex
pectation of seeing him has prevented me from going either
to Hampton or lo Gaddesden.
In the recital of that tale of a tub, to which you listened
with so much politeness, it was asserted that the chief jus
tice of a colony had forged a record for the malicious pur
pose of vexing an individual, whom he had in vain attempted
to criminate. The letter of Harding, then referred to, is
herewith enclosed. By-the-by, I am a little out of humour
with you for having extolled that long idle tale, and a good
deal so with myself for having yielded lo the friendly du
ress. A man is ever ridiculous when he talks of himself.
There are, indeed, two or three exceptions. This case, how
ever, does not fall within either of them, but is-exposed lo
the full force of the rule. I have vowed vengeance for this
degradation. A. Burr.
TO JEREMY BENTHAM. Queen's Place, September 2, 1808.
I have transmitted your letter to General Bentham, and
said that I would call on him to-morrow. On Monday my
Gaddesden engagement will be fulfilled. Tuesday and
Wednesday will be employed in making up my despatches
for North America. Then, if the Political Tactics should
not detain me, I shall hasten to ramble with you through
the fields of Barrow Green.
Dumont has not called. It is with reluctance that I shall

OF AARON BURR. 39
leave town without having seen him. Yet il is probable that
I can be of no use in the business he has in hand. Impo
tent zeal is only an annoyance.
Turnerelli refuses lo give or sell me a bust without your
order. Will you be pleased to send me such order for one
or two, as he and I may agree, paying, &c. ? One I must
have for your litlle friend and admirer, Theodosia.
I found readily the letters to Lord Pelham and the Plea
for the Constitution, and have read them with very great in
terest ; but it gave me a fever to see by what sort of reasons
the project was defeated. The particular items, indeed, do
not appear, yet the nature of those reasons is sufficiently
manifest. These letters are a gross libel on the govern
ment ; and if you had developed the details, I think it prob
able you would have made a practical experiment on the
doctrines of Pill and Portland by a voyage lo New South
Wales. I am resolved that the Panopticon shall be known
in America. It will appear incredible lo you that I should
never have even heard of it till I read the sketch contained
inDumont's book, about three years ago. Such is the fact.
What a mass of papers there are on the Scotch reform.
Is the letter lo Lord Grenville an abridgment of the whole,
or of a small part only ? A very idle question, wheil the pa
pers are before me ; the quantity has discouraged me from
even looking into them. I have not been up stairs to look
for the Tactics, nor do I propose it till the work of Dumont
shall have been seen. It will be as incomprehensible to
you as it is lo myself, that, since my return lo town, I have
not had time for any (i. e.), for any useful employment. By
the help of God, and of you, we will reform.
A. Burr.

40 PRIVATE JOURNAL

TO GENERAL BENTHAM. Queen's Place, September 2, 1809.
Col. Burr presents respectful compliments ; encloses a
letter for General Bentham ; will have the honour of calling
on the general to-morrow, and, if he should be found disen
gaged, will lake dinner with him enfamille. If any apology
should be deemed necessary for this freedom. Col. Burr
throws himself on Mr. Jeremy Bentham, by whom it has
been authorized. FROM MRS. A. PREVOST. Weybridge, September 1, 1808.
I began to fear that you had returned lo the antipodes,
dear sir, when your welcome letter informed me of your de
sirable situation. I applied lo the Achauds. They said you
was gone out of town ; had changed your lodgings, and did
not know your address. The arrival of the packet made
me more anxious. I had no letters from my son. Sir George,
by the last Halifax mail, but my daughter-in-law, Mrs. James
Prevost, received one from him, date the 31st of July, when
he was preparing, with Sir J. B. Warren, to go to various
parts of Nova Scotia, in a tour, which was lo last three
weeks, at the expiration of which, he flattered himself, his
family would arrive, which unfortunately cannot be, having
only sailed from Portsmouth on the 17th ult.
I trust to your promise of visiting Weybridge soon, where
you will meet Mr. and Mrs, Barnett. The Gunns have en-
joyed a whole week of happiness during the Eghorn races,
where they went every day. The fetes ended with a ball,
to which the Duchess of York presided, the Dukes of York
and Cumberland having been the stewards. I suppose they
met ihe other duke, though I have not heard it, and he has
not been here since ; et je suis privee du plaisir de vous
donner le denouement de la piece. Mrs. Mallet, of Briam-
ton-street, has lamented her absence from it when you left

OF AARON BURR. 41
your card. She was then in Hert's, and is now in London.
I believe alone, for everybody is out of it. You will find it
deserted at your return. The general war to partridges be
gins to-day. Some unexpected visiters obliges me lo con
clude, and gives me only time lo assure you of the sincere
best wishes of A. Prevost.
TO J. BENTHAM. Queen's Place, September 3, 1808.
As I went out on my way to Hempstead (very true, I had
like lo have gone to Hampton) I met Koe at the gale with
your letter, covering that of Dumont, which have been has
tily perused and cannot now be answered, seeing that I have
announced myself to your brother, and have not a minute to
spare. Immediately on my return you shall hear from me.
The headache has passed off. Your Lord Pelham letters
must have given it to me. At this instant Dumont is an
nounced. He has kept me half an hour, and now waits below to
walk with me. He thinks his work so imperfect that some
months will be necessary to complete it for translation. All
nonsense ; but we (D. and I) are to meet at dinner to-mor
row. Till when, adieu. A. Burr.
TO J. BENTHAM. Queen's Place, September 7, 1808.
Your brother received me with that frankness and kind
ness which puts one at ease. Your advice about transmit
ting the letter and consulting the females had been antici
pated ; but the journey, as to the objects of business, turned
out much like that of the philosopher's who had permission
to pass three days in Heaven for scientific purposes. He
happening to be occupied at the moment of my arrival, I
fell in with the children, with whom I was so charmed that
I paid very little attention to him. I never saw a more love
ly family, nor by any approach so well brought up. I got

42 PRIVATE JOURNAL
so much in favour with them that they were all willing to
come off with me to make a visit to uncle. They have
nearly recovered from the whooping-cough. Mrs. B. is still
confined with it .to her chamber, so that I did not see her.
He seems almost to have forgotten the Panopticon. Thinks
there are some drawings which he promised to search for,
and also for a copy of the parliamentary proceedings on the
subject. Now, to come back to Dumont, with whom you left me
at the close of my last. As we were walking through the
Park I look occasion to urge the necessity of despatch in the
matter of the Tactics. He stopped short, and, pulling his
hand on my shoulder, exclaimed, with a good deal of anima
tion, "Why, you are just like Bentham, always in such a
hurry 1" &c., and thence, all the way to Henham Court
Road, for he had the complaisance to walk so far with me,
he lectured me on the folly of precipitation.
I had not yet seen his work, nor had he proposed to show
it to me, though I had given some broad hints, and had very
modestly intimated my wish to be useful. (By-the-by, he
seems to have no idea of my being able lo be of any sort of
use, in which, no doubt, he is right ; but mum of that.) So
I called on him very early Monday morning, determined to
get sight of his book, and, if possible, to get possession of it.
I did get sight of it, and turned over the leaves for half an
hour; but when I began to contrive how I might gel the
reading of it, he said that we should be here all the winter,
and I could then read it at my leisure ! He has a long list
of omissions, made with the aid of some friend of yours (I
suppose Romilly), from which he read several items. Some
of them appeared to me important ; but whether the neces
sary ideas and instructions lo those points might not be found
in other parts of the work, I am ignorant. At any rate, they
might be supplied in eight days. Upon the whole, I am
nearly in despair as to doing anything in what I deem the
most seasonable time.

OP AARON BURR. 43
He (Dumont) had procured for me (it must have been
him) a friendly invitation from the ladies of Holland House
to dine that day (Monday), and thither he enticed me to go,
instead of going to Gaddesden, as iu duty bound. Nothing
was said of the Tactics, One thing I learned, however,
which gratified my spleen a httle, viz,, that the Don is not
in favour with his compatriots, les commissaires, nor has in
the slightest degree their confidence. His apostacy is there
fore the less to be regretted.
I engage lo defend you, penna et pugnis, against Dumont's
gods ; and if, as is to be expected, I should take my flight
before you, Theodosia shall do it for me (not pugnis). How
her little heart will swell with pride when she shall receive
your message with the " combustibles'!" If some one of
them could be addressed to her with your own hand, it
would descend in the family like an heirloom.
You are not to reply to this. Dispensation is hereby
given. Nay, more, I prohibit all or any reply. Yet, if any
commission is to be executed, so far you are licensed. This
goes per coach with Townsend. By mail I shall say some
thing of myself, if any discoveries should be made on that
head. Don't be alarmed ; no more, scrawls of this length, I
promise you ; but in this wilderness I am in a constant state
of stupefaction, inanity, and confusion. I do nothing that
I intend, and, what is worse, do many things not intended,
and better let alone. No hope of cure but in Bedlam or
Barrow Green. I ask your prayers.
Your draught on your nieces was duly, and promptly, and
cheerfully honoured and paid. We adopted the practice of
drawing and redrawing, which you know is a fund inex
haustible, A, Burr,
TO MRS. A. PREVOST, LondoB, September 8, 18O81.
Your letter was most welcome ; but it was very perverse
of you to address to Godstone when I told you I should be

44 PRIVATE JOURNAL
here on the 30th August, Thus have I been kept out of it
till this day, Mrs, A,'s story of my having changed lodgings
is all a fable. No, 30 Craven-street is still my address.
It affords me great pleasure to hear that Sir George is
well, and is making a tour of pleasure, for such his journey
through Nova Scotia will be, I can assure you. If Lady
Prevost shall postpone her voyage for a fortnight, she will
sail in the very best season of the year,
I have seen Mrs, Mallet, and was very glad to find her
so well preserved and in such good spirits. This is another
evidence of the superiority of your climate over ours. Your
friend Miss M, (Catharine, I think, is her name) will be here
on Wednesday next, an epoch which I anticipate with great
satisfaction. Il is understood that you have invited her to
pass some lime with you, and, from what Mrs. M. said, she
will be disposed to avail herself very promptly of the invi
tation. Now, if you will only order her io come under my
protection, our party is made, I have already tendered
myself as her escort.
In obedience to a friendly invitation from Lady Holland
and Lady Affleck, I dined at Holland House on Monday
last, I like much their establishment, which, however, I
should judge not to be altogether English. You perceive
that you are, malgrevous, lo be the depository of all my
trifling incidents and remarks.
My time, for the residue of this week, will be employed
in writing to America by a vessel which will sail from this
port for New-York on Monday, On that day I shall visit
my philpsophic friend at Barrow Green, Return tO' town
on Thursday to meet Miss M,, and to obey such orders as
you may deign to give, being, with entire respect, your de
voted servant, A, Burr,

OF AARON BURR. 45

TO THEODOSIA. London, September 8, 1808.
My letter by the August packet will have prepared you
to expect nothing very interesting. Yet, were it not for the
restraints under which I write (the uncertainty of letters), you
should at least be amused ; but even this satisfaction is de
nied by the apprehension of frauds and accidents. My
journal would now be sent, but for these reasons. Have
patience, and I will pay thee all.
Once more I crave your indulgence for all those little in
cidents which are an index to the feelings, the habits, and the
pursuits of the moment. You shall have them, and the
volume will not be small. At present we must be content
with generals.
Immediately on my arrival I became domesticated in the
houses of Mrs. Prevost (mother of Sir George), of Achaud,
and of Mallet. Mrs. Achaud is niece of the late Col. Prevost,
and, of course, first cousin to Frederic* Mallet is about
second cousin. His wife, a very young woman, lately mar
ried, is sister of that Mr. Baring who married in South Caro
lina : handsome, intelligent, and amiable. Mrs. Prevost and
Achaud are ladies of very superior understanding and knowl
edge of the world. Madame Constant is the eldest daughter
of Achaud. She married, perhaps ten years ago, Mr. Con
stant, a man of talents and of very considerable acquire
ments, and who has resided in every quarter of the globe.
Madame Prevost resides altogether in the country at Wey
bridge, nineteen miles from London. The houses of
Achaud and Mallet are frequented by literary men, and for
eigners of literary fame or acquirements. Madame Con
stant is a most striking likeness of that lovely angel Anne
Louise. At my first visit to this family I was ignorant of
its connexion with that of Prevost. When Madame Con-
* Son of Mrs. Burr by her first husband, and a resident of Westchester county,
New-York.

46 PRIVATE JOURNAL
slant entered, I was astonished and affected to a degree
which you only can conceive. A. Burr.
TO THEODOSIA. London, September 10, 1808.
Here is work indeed. Look and read for yourself. This
precious and very singular document, now here enclosed, was
received this evening, Saturday, September 10, A. D. 1808.
Mr. Nicholas has not yet gone, but does positively go at five
to-morrow morning. What is lo be done with the fire-irons
and the wheel? Mrs. Stoker {our housekeeper), perceiving
the very great importance which these articles had suddenly
acquired, has put up the fire-irons (shovel, longs, and poker,
all made of steel, yet lighter than wood) in a snug box, which
she got made for the purpose ; having first covered them
with a paste, which she says will for ever prevent rust.
What to do with the wheel, which is about twenty-six inches
diameter, passes all our skill. If there were time we might
meditate and contrive. Unfortunately, however, it will be
quite impracticable to get either one or the other on board of
this vessel, and you must, therefore, be hung up in suspense
for one month.
Now, what if this ship should be sunk or taken ? To be
sure, I might ensure both the letter and the wheel ; but
what sum in money could compensate the actual loss ! A
litlle explanation is necessary to enable you lo understand
the first part of the letter of Mr. Bentham. In answer lo his
letter of the third, I wrote him that you would be so proud
of books written by him, and by him specially given lo your
self, that they would be handed down in the family to the
latest posterity like an " heirloom ;" for what is an heirloom,
see Blackstone, or Jacob's Law Dictionary.
A. Burr.
Friday, September 9.
It is even so. When one has nothing to do, one finds no
time to do anything. A few lines which went yesterday

OP AARON BURR, 47
with the mail for the packet, will inform you that I am oc
cupied about you ; but I almost regret to have sent that let
ter, as it will make you expect more than I shall perform.
I can only give you, at this lime, some of the dramatis per-
sonae. At the three houses above mentioned I have met inter
esting persons of both sexes, of several of whom you will
learn more hereafter. I hasten lo make you acquainted with
Jeremy Bentham, author of a work entitled Principles of
Morals and Legislation (edited in French by Dumont), and of
many other works of less labour and research. You will
well recollect to have heard me place this man second to rio
one, ancient or modern, in profound thinking, in logical and
analytic reasoning. On the 8th of August I received a let
ter from him, containing a most friendly invitation to come
and pass some days with him at a farm (where he passes the
summer) called Barrow Green, near Godstone, and twenty
miles from London. I was not tardy in profiting of this in
vitation. He met me at the gale with the frankness and af
fection of an old friend.
Mr. Bentham's countenance has all that character of in
tense thought which you would expect to find ; but it is im
possible to conceive a physiognomy more strongly marked
with ingenuousness and philanthropy. He is about sixty,
but cheerful even to playfulness. I have passed twelve
days there, and shall return to-morrow, to stay, most prob
ably, till he shall return' to town. His house in the city,
which I now occupy solely and exclusively (N. B., three ser
vants in the house at my command), is most beautifully sit
uated on St. James's Park, with extensive gardens, and built
and fitted up more to my taste than any one I ever saw. In
his library I am now writing.
By this lime you will begin to wonder whether we ever
talk of you. Not a little, as you will see. In a letter of the
third instant he writes : " Make up, if you can find room, for
my dear little Theodosia, a packet of all my combustibles

48 PRIVATE JOURNAL
that you can find, viz.. Panopticon ; Hard-labour Bill ; Pel-
ham's Letters and Plea for the Constitution ; Poor Manage
ment; Judicial Establishment; Political Tactics and Eman
cipation ; Hard Labour I Tactics, Emancipation, and Hard-
labour Bill not being otherwise than in sheets, unsorted
and unsewed ; but there is not any one on whom the labour
can be shifted off." Thus you see you are to possess his
works by his own special gift. Hard labour I have found
il, I assure you. This whole day have I been occupied in
the search, and have found only a part. But some others of
his works, particularly Les Principes de Legislation, &c.,
herewith sent, will alone for the delay of others. He (Mr.
Bentham) has somehow heard that 61* had read and ad
mired this work.
I am very much charmed with his Panopticon ; and as the
Slate of South Carolina is just now about to erect a peniten
tiary, il would undoubtedly adopt his system if seasonable
knowledge was given of it. At the close of the third volume
of Les Principes Traites de Legislation you will find a
summary of the plan. Lest, however, the instructions re
specting the building should not be sufficiently minute to
give a perfect idea of it to an ordinary capacity, I will, by
the next ship, send some plates or drawings which will sup
ply the deficiency. You must send to Mr. Alston! what
you may suppose sufficient to enlighten him, and tell him to
make use of the knowledge at the next session. I presume
that he continues to be a member.
By the next ship, also, I shall send you a bust of Mr.
Bentham, a very good representation of him, but has not
the force of the original. Still you will admire it; and so
you ought, for you may rank him among your admirers. I
could fill a little volume, and one which you would find
amusing, with anecdotes, &c., of this great and amiable
man, which have fallen within my own knowledge — Ben-
* Colonel Burr.
t Joseph Alston, Theodosia'a husband.

OF AARON BURR. 49
thamana. Don't you hate anas 1 So do I ; yet I have just
bought one, which shall be sent with Benthana's bust.
I have not yet learned how to get things in London. It
has cost me fifty miles' walking to get something for you
and the boy. We shall learn and do better. A History of
England and a picture are all I can now send him. To
you, the only offering is the very few books and pamphlets
of which a list is annexed ; and I am extremely apprehensive
that the whole, even those of Bentham, will be left, for the
ship has gone down the river, and, of course, has cleared out,
and the captain may be scrupulous of taking anything which
can be called " merchandise." If you should not receive
them, you will know to what to ascribe it. This letter will
be closed before I can know il; indeed, it must be closed
now, for I am tired.
Bless us ! what unpardonable negligence. It quite es
caped my recollection to tell you that  sent for me.
I did condescend to go, and dined with them. All very,
very we'J ; but of this more by-and-by.
Your little letter of the 20th June is received — the only
one. It only increases my solicitude for another. Did that
doctor come whom 1 ordered, on pain of death, to call on
you ? What nonsense to ask questions across the Atlantic !
If I should not write to E. .A by this vessel, pray keep
peace for me. Acknowledge the receipt of a letter of July
16 from New-York. A most amiable and pleasing letter.
When people want lo flatter me they talk of you, and they
never fail. Don't be surprised that nothing is said of X* in
this letter, either near or remote. This world affords a va
riety of occupations. While we both live we can be at no
loss for some one that is useful and agreeable. Tell me
what your boy is about, that I may know what to send him.
I send you a reply to the Anti-vaccinists by James Moore.
He is son of Moore the traveller, and brother to General
Moore ; a man of wit, intimate at Achaud's and Mallet's.
* Mexico. ^
Vol. I.— C

PftlVATS JOURNAL

Has been very civil to A. B. When read, give or lend the
primphlet to Dr. Hosaek. Mitford on Harmony in Language.
This ig your old friend the Grecian. I bought it from the
title and his name. Have not read it.

A. BtJRR.

TO JiaSMTf BENTHAM.

Queen's gquafs Place, Septembef 12, 1808.
She will run mad, no doubt— stark mad ; but your orders
are obeyed. The letter is gone, the fire-irons, "combui-
libles," and all ; all, gave the wheel, which, the ship being
at Gravesend, defied all reasonable package and storage ; but
it has been announced, and it must go if a ship be chartered
for the purpose, or the bey' will run mad too. The bust, to
aiy great regret, remains ; or, rather, it is not ygt in esse.
Your Jew requires three weeks. He has not been Jewish
to me. Till now, Monday, September 12, I could not get
time to relate these important trifles. The passengers went
down on Sunday. How my time for these three days has
been employed (wasted), and with how much labour, vexa
tion, and inutility, would be ridiculous to write.
Saturday, indeed, was a day of great and useful eeeupa-
tiofl. I tneunted to the housetop to see the state of thi
eombustibles. On the way beat out my brains against the
glove-pipe. After viewing the subject, descended to put en
an appropriate dress, On ascending, a second brain beating i
a third blow will, I think, bring down the pipe, if the seull
should stand it. My labours were, however, crowned with
success. After all, there are only six numbers of the Judi
ciary. Ne title-pages for the Panopticon could be found.
My set (that which you gave me at Barrow Green) were,
therefore, sent to her. During the process up stairs I be
stowed some curses on J. H. Koe, but they were harmless,
being issued under the influence of that brain beating. They
have been recalled, and are turned into gentle admenition to
have things put in belter order. Only to think, in that ehaolie

OF AARON BURR. 51
mass, covered with cobwebs and dirt, I discovered a large
parcel very neatly lied up, purporting, from its endorsement,
lo be the journal and letters of General Benthann from Rus
sia! Not knowing but there might be some mystical and
hidden method, intelligible only to you and to Koe, in that
which appeared to me horrid confusion, I replaced the parcel
as nearly as possible in ihe spot where it was found ; but
the precious antique dust I could not replace, a great por
tion of it being transferred lo my person. On my descent
one might have taken me for a coal-heaver, by the drapery,
if not by the form.
The same day, Saturday, I went out to Holland's, intending
to ascertain whether, in truth, he took any interest in the
Tactics. He not being at home, there's an end lo that ; for
you know it would be a violation of English etiquette if I
should repeat the visit before he should, by some equivalent
act on his part, have manifested a desire to continue in force
the treaty of amity and commerce. I shall now, before
leaving town, make Dumont, by a letter, a proposition for
expediting the publication. Of this we will talk; the plan
requiring your ratification and something more, not much,
to be operative. " We will talk," and when ? Nothing now
occurs which can put it beyond Wednesday ; but this letter
will be retained till I cai\ speak confidently. I am now
going to Hempstead.
P. M. More bad luck ; the general is away in Kent, and
the day of his return uncertain. I left a line repeating my
wishes on the Panopticon matter. Madame sa femme est
toujouts le mime. The children quite recovered ; they
loaded ma with kisses and kind greetings for you.
New cause of delay ! Gods, how weary I am of delays !
My soul is with you at Barrow Green, and the mortal part of
me would follow it, if not kept back by violehCe. But can I,
ought I to disappoint poor Swartwout ? On my return from
Hempstead I find here a letter from him, written at Liver
pool, whither I had sent him to do something for himself,
C2

52 PRIVATE JOURNAL
seeing no prospect that I should be able to do anything for
him. This is that Swartwout who was seized, robbed,
transported two thousand miles, immured in a solitary prison,
denied the use of pen, ink, and paper ; denied a haheas-
corpus, not allowed lo speak with a human being, and all on
suspicion of being connected with one who was suspected of
an intention to commit a crime. This he bore with some
thing more dignified than mere passive firmness. This
Swartwout writes ; but here is the letter, read and pronounce
(my apotheosis is now put off till Thursday certain). " TTie
influence of your name .'" He too must be mad ; but then,
as I am the leading cause of it, he has claims to my indul
gence. I had something more to say, but your letter, received last
evening, has put it all out of my head. I am oppressed by
your goodness. Yet, if I should be serious, I might incur
your reproaches. Everything shall be answered orally on
Friday. Expect me at dinner. Another letter from Swart
wout puts off his arrival " till Thursday or Friday ;" but your
demand is irresistible, and shall be obeyed.
My letter to Theodosia charged her specially on the Pa
nopticon, which I hope to introduce immediately in South
Ccuolina. The Northern Stales have already formed their
establishments. All I have said to you of Theodosia was
in good earnest. A. Burr.
FROM MRS. A. PREVOST. Weybridge, September 15, 1808.
This is the day fixed for your return to town, and I hope,
ere long, the one selected to visit Weybridge, where I shall
be happy to see you when convenient and agreeable to you.
Dear sir, the sooner the belter. I have informed C. Mallet
of your wish, and mine of rendering the journey pleasant,
by performing it together. I addressed my invitation to B.
street, and have sent it by a friend's servant, who, perhaps,

OF AARON BURR. 53
has neglected it. You will clear up the business, and do me
the favour to forward the enclosed.
I long to hear from Halifax, and lo have your opinion of
the European affairs. If you have none in London, it must
be a disagreeable place at this time of the year. The father
of the Gunns is here. I have not yet seen him. He is a
true Paddy, I am told. His daughters are me plais pas.
Have you heard any account of yours by the last arrival ?
Remember to bring her picture. Believe me sincerely
yours, &Ct A. Prevost.
TO MRS, A. PREVOST.
• Barrow Green, September 19, 1808.
This time it is my fault that your letter was not sooner
received. You ought to have been informed of my move
ments, and on leaving town I felt some reproaches for hav
ing neglected to do it. The fact is, that, having by various
trifles been detained in town till Monday of last week, I
thought it best to wait the arrival of Miss C. Mallet, who
had written that she would be at home on Wednesday. On
that day she actually came, and I saw heron Thursday morn
ing ; but I was disappointed on learning that she had no
thought of going immediately to Weybridge, and that she
proposed to write to you and to wait your answer. I there
fore resolved to improve the interval to fulfil my engage
ment lo my amiable philosophic friend at this place. Ac
cordingly, hither I came on Friday. First, however, my
services were tendered in all form, though, in truth, without
any form, to Miss C, to escort her any day and how she
might command. She condescended to gratify my wishes
in this particular, and engaged to give me written notice of
the day, and I am now here impatiently waiting her orders.
I shall write to her by this mail, lest your message should
not have been conveyed to her.
The appearance of Miss C. is more prepossessing than
you had led me to expect. Her person is graceful and

54 PRIVATE JOURNAL
comely ; a countenance full of intelligence and sensibility.
I am in great hopes that we shall not ennuyer each other
between London and Weybridge,
You have doubtless before this lime been made happy by
very recent letters from Halifax, as the mail of a packet
which had a remarkable short passage arrived in London on
Thursday. My letters are, unfortunately, under cover to a
gentleman who is absent ; a most vexatious circumstance.
I hope to be able to get at them on my return to town, and
to bring you some account of my daughter.
The news from Portugal has been the subject of great
rejoicings ; at least of much noise of cannon, drums, &c.,
in town. My feelings do not concur with these expressions
of joy, I had hoped for something better, I am afraid to
express, or even to indulge the conclusions which force
themselves on my mind. It is possible that circumstances
of which we are ignorant may justify the proceedings ; but
Junot* is certainly an able negotiator, whatever he may be
as a general. I shall endeavour to gather more details on
my way through town, and bring them out for your amuse
ment. No mode has yet occurred in which your letter can be
forwarded to Geneve. I will consult the Achauds and
Dumont. Your letter of the 15th was received last evenine.
A. Burr.
* The allusion is to the Convention of Cintra (in Portugal), where General
Junot, by his negotiation with Sir Hugh Dalrymple, the commander-in-chief of
the British forces, frustrated all the advantages which had been gained over the
French in the field by Lord Wellington. Colonel Burr's view of the matter sin
gularly agrees with that which Byron afterward expressed in his Childe Harold,
where he says of the Convention,
" It turn'd a nation's shallow joy to gloom.
When folly dash'd to earth the victor's plume,
And policy regain'd what arms had lost."

or AARON burr. 55

TO SAMUEL SWARTWOUT. Barrow Groen, September 19, 1808.
As you are very near Somerset House, and will pass it
every hour in the day, I insist that you step in and pay one
guinea for a license to wear hair-powder for Henry G, Ed
wards.* Make haste hither ; but do not come without my
letters. A. Burr.
TO MISS C. MALLET. Barrow Green, September 19, 1808.
A letter received last evening from our amiable friend,
Mrs. Prevost, informs me that she has repeated her invita
tion to you, through the servant of a friend, and has recom
mended that we (you and 1) perform the journey together.
Whether ihe journey to Weybridge merely, or any longer
and more important one is the object of her recommenda
tion, does not very distinctly appear ; but this we shall have
opportunities lo discuss and adjust. Lest the servant might
be negligent, she desires me lo repeal the message and "to
clear up the business :" very equivocal again.
I am very greatly indebted to Mrs. Prevost for doing me
the honour to make me a medium of communication, and
still tnore for the party she has been pleased to project for
us, and have only to repeat assurances of the cheerfulness
with which I shall obey your summons. That I may not,
however, for a moment incur even the tacit imputation of
tardiness, it is proper to apprize you that the course of con
veyance to and from this place does not admit of my being
in London until the third day, counting that on which your
commands shall be transmitted. Thus, if you should write
on Thursday, I shall be in town Saturday evening. Very
respectfully, A. Burr,
* Col. Aaron Burr,

56 PRIVATE JOURNAL

FROM JOHN L, MALLET.

Exmouth, September 19, 1808.
I regret that my absence from London should have been
the means of preventing you from receiving the enclosed
letter sooner ; but I hope that this delay will not be produc
tive of any material inconvenience to you, and I so seldom
leave town that I trust it will not again occur.
We have now been here for about three weeks, during
which we have had very indifferent weather; but weather
is of less consequence at the seaside than in any enclosed
country ; and it has not prevented Mrs. Mallet from deriving
benefit by bathing and living much in the air, and great
pleasure from the society of her relations and friends. We
shall remain absent a fortnight longer, and intend being in
town at the latter end of the first week in October, when I
hope we shall have the pleasure of finding you in good health
and spirits.
Several events of some importance have taken place since
the end of August, but none likely to give a decided turn
to the tide of affairs. Country gentlemen, who five all the
year upon good beef and partridges, and know of no greater
conquests than the killing of a hare, are very grievously dis
appointed that Junot and his plunder should not have been
sent lo this country. But the fact is, that a much greater
degree of importance as to its probable consequences was
attached to the affair than it deserved ; and that the conquest
of Lisbon, sword in hand, with such opponents as Junot and
Laborde, might have cost us five weeks and five thousand
men ; and it is of great importance that our hoofs should
reach their ulterior destination before the rainy season of the
South of Europe.
Mrs. Mallet desires her best compliments, and I remain,
&c., John Lewis Mallet.

OF AARON BURR. 67

FROM MISS CATHARINE MALLET.
London, September 23, 1808.
I trust you will believe me, my dear sir, that I have not
«»flZi«"oMsZy delayed to quiet the alarm our friend Mrs. Pre
vost has occasioned you ; indeed, I have done so only with
a hope that I should be able to speak with more certainty
of the time when I might claim your promise of allowing
me to thank you at Weybridge for your obliging offer of
escorting me thither. I shall endeavour to " perform the
journey" early in next week, but would not by any means
interfere with the term of your present visit, as mine with
Mrs. Prevost will probably be so sufficiently prolonged as to
admit of my expecting the pleasure of seeing you before I
return to town, even should you not go to Weybridge so soon
as she wishes. If, however, any new arrangement should in
duce you to seek her next week, I shall be obliged by your
apprizing me of your intention, when I promise not to tax
your chivalry by any unreasonable demands. With Mrs,
Mallet's best compliments, accept mine, and believe me,
&c., Catharine Mallet.
TO A. BUER.
London, Gower-street, September 25, 1808.
Mr. Gtiillemard, on his return from an airing yesterday,
found Col. Burr's card on his table, and regretted and re
grets his absence from home. His return to town was oc
casioned by a fit of the gout, which prevents his going about.
He will be at home all to-day and to-morrow, and will be
sure to be at home any day or hour when Col, Burr will do
him the honour of calling in Gower-steeet, or partaking of
humble fare under his roof.
C3

68 PRIVATE JOURNAL

FROM THEODOSIA.

Pelham (N. Y.), September 30, 1808.
Not one word from you has reached me since those few
lines from the^rst stage. I did not expect to have remained
thus long in this painful suspense. There are a thousand
vague reports about you. As it regards myself, conjecture
on the subject is at a sland, and I write now almost without
a hope of being read.
Adieu. I write without pleasure, and only, indeed, to
satisfy my desire of seizing every opportunity to gratify
you, even though I should have only one chance of success
in a million.
Except myself, all your friends are well. But the world
begins lo cool terribly around me. You would be surprised
how many I supposed attached to me have abandoned the
sorry, losing game of disinterested friendship. Frederic
alone, however, is worth a host. Adieu once more. Vale,
longum Vale, Jole, Mary Ann Edwards.*
TO JEREMY BENTHAM,
London, September 24, 1 808.
A short letter from Theodosia depresses the hope I had
entertained of her speedy recovery. She remained at the
mineral spring, but without apparent benefit. My American
letters contain no material facts of a political nature not al
ready known through other channels. The two most mate
rial of these letters are in cipher, and have not yet been
read. You shall have copies when deciphered, if worth
sending, Swartwout has really engaged in a very important enter
prise. His affairs will occupy me several days. Theo-
dosia's letter has quite unhinged me. Were it not for
Swartwout I would be with you to-morrow.
Goss's Journal is herewith sent. A very dull tale, but I
* Theodosia.

OF AARON BURR. 59
believe honest. When it shall have been perused, please
to return it to Mrs, S. A. Burr.
TO MADAME ACHAUD. Monday, September 26, 1808.
The letter which was transmitted lo me by Mrs. Prevost
is herewith enclosed, to be disposed of as you may think
best. I go this morning, in pursuance of an engagement long
since made, to pass two or three days with an old military
m.an in Hertfordshure. Immediately on my return, which
will not be later than Thursday, you shall have the details
of any amusement which may have fallen to the lot of
A. Burr.
TO MR. GUILLEMARD.
London, September 26, 1808.
Mr. Burr presents respectful compliments. He regrets
very much that an engagement to pass some days in the
country obliges him to leave town this morning at loo early
an hour lo admit of his seeing Mr. Guillemard before his
departure. He will have the honour of calling on him im
mediately after his return, which is expected to be Thurs
day next, when he hopes to find Mr. G. recovered from
his indisposition. Many thanks for his obliging note, which
was received last evening. A. Burr.
TO SAMUEL SWARTWOUT. Little Gaddesden, September 28, 1808.
It will not be possible for me to leave this until Friday.
Pray improve the interval in regaining your health, and in
making notes of all you have to say and to ask. I regret
extremely that you could not accompany me hither. You
were expected, and would have been greatly amused.
A. Burr.

60 PRIVATE JOURNAL

TO JEREMY BENTHAM,

London, Q. S. P., September 30, 1808.
I arrived from Little Gaddesden this day at noon, and
have, as you see, returned to the Bird-Cage. Swartwout is
still in a bad way, but will go off in pursuance of his project
on Monday, Another letter from America, received this
day, and of a date subsequent to that of Theodosia, speaks
of her health in terms more favourable, but by no means
satisfactory. The Messieurs Koe must have told you that I saw them
but for a minute, and at the moment of my departure. Your
letter contains the most flattering evidence, and of the most
unsuspicious sort, that you had been occupied with me and
my concerns in my absence. " Your reward shall be in
Heaven." I think to make some use of that letter with my
new acquaintance. Lord Bridgwater. He received me in
the most hospitable and friendly manner. He has the con
fidence of the ministry, and having offered me his house,
that is, bed, &c., I propose to avail myself of his hospitality
to a certain extent. My plan is lo return thither on Tuesday.
I am interrupted by the visit of an American captain, who
is going to various parts in his own ship. He offers me,
with the frankness of a sailor, the use of his cabin, &c,, as
long as the vessel, which is his own, shall hold together.
He says this is partly in revenge for the good offices which
I did him some years ago. I have not the slightest recol
lection of the circumstance to which he alludes.
A. Burr.
TO JEREMY BENTHAM.
Queen's Square Place, October 1, 1808,
The history of my late visit to Hertford must be reserved
till we meet. It will afford you some moments of amuse
ment. The stock will be greatly increased by the experi
ence of the approaching week, for Lord Bridgwater has

OF AARON BURR. 61
proposed various objects of amusement. Yet, shall I con
fess to you, these very recreations to me are labour? I
participate with coldness. All I say is weighed, and gen
erally forced. There is, indeed, some gratification of curi
osity, and a slight hope that new channels of commiseration
and of influence may be discovered.
The overtures of the caplain, whose visit was mentioned
in my note of yesterday, occupy much of my thoughts. He
is going to the Mediterranean. To touch at various ports.
Will land me anywhere, or take me anywhere. It is a very
fine ship of 250 tons, with an elegant cabin. He the sole
owner. Now, if you were ready, and disposed to seek milder
climes, how I should bless the occasion. But this is out of
the question, for he will sail on the 16th instant. Yet I have
amused myself not a litlle with the illusion.
My letter to C. has not been sent. It is suspended till
the arrival of Merry, and till I shall see whether no other
engines can be brought into use for the occasion. If it fail,
heighho for the Mediterranean.
I think to return from Lord Bridgwater's on Sunday,
sooner if I can get off, and to go immediately thereafter lo
Barrow Green, to make my report and ask your blessing.
Nevertheless, if there should remain even a remote hope of
obtaining the countenance of this government, I will not
quit the field.
My American friends have very sagaciously concluded
that the present state of things in Spain is calculated to pro
mote my views ! Hence some ferment. The ciphered
letters are so imperfectly made out by Swartwout, on whom
I devolved the labour, that they would only perplex you
and waste your time. A French letter is enclosed for your
perusal. The writer was aiddecamp to Dumourier. The
person called his brother is that Marquis de St. Mard of
whom something has been said. A. BuRR.

62 PRIVATE JOURNAL

TO GOVERNOR FRANKLIN. London, October 2, 1808.
Major Gamble desired me to inform you that he had re
ceived no answer to his last letter. I have engaged to be
at his house again on Tuesday, and have it in command
from him to invite you to be of the party. If you should
assent, which would afford me also the utmost pleasure,
have the goodness to inform me of the mode of conveyance
which you will prefer. The stagecoach, which will start
from Oxford-street at twelve on Tuesday, is convenient and
rapid. A. Burr.
JOURNAL.
London, September 24, 1808. Received Guillemard's
note, and cards of Gov. Franklin and Mr. Luscombe.
26. Took postchaise for Little Gaddesden, and arrived
at Major Gamble's at seven P. M. Kind and hospitable
reception. 27. Visited Bartlett — les dames Bartlelt ordered horses,
and rode with me eight or ten miles.
28. Visited Lord Bridgwater (Egerton, earl of Bridg
water), not cAe2r Zmi; left cards. His building three hundred
feet front ; wall three hundred feet deep. Went with Mrs.
Barllett and Mrs. Span, her daughter, in their carriage, to
dine at six P. M. at Asp Ridge House. Handed in Ma
dame Barllett. Lord Bridgwater hands Miss Bartlelt to din
ner. Lady Bridgwater and Madame Span get on as they
can at dinner. Caftie off at ten. Lord Bridgwater going
to-morrow to London. Apologizes for postponing his visit.
Offer of service — politesse. On returning chez Gamble,
debate on handing in a lady — on English ease and politeness.
Prop, lo call next day on Lord Bridgwater—" very correct,"
T'hat Lord Bridgveater might hand in, but nobody else — ¦
"no ceremony," Debate about etiquette at the Court of
France, " But the Court of France is here."

OF AARON BURR. 63
29. Mr. Gilbert, the rector, and Bartlett call. Visit les
dames Bartlelt, &c. Walked lo see the garden of Asp
Ridge. Dine at Gamble's at five. Bartlelt ux and Span.
Renew debate on etiquette, handing in, &c. M'Carthy and
les dames sustain Gamp. Cards. Visited Gilbert, who
walked with us to see the church, supposed lo be built when
the Monastery des Bonhommes was Asp Ridge in 1200.
Lord Bridgwater calls, and with him Mr.  . Lord Bridg
water invites me to dine, take bed, &c., &c.
30. Left Litlle Gaddesden at six A. M., having engaged
to return on Tuesday. Arrive in London, 27 miles, at
eleven. At 30 Craven-street, found note and card from Cap
tain Sinclair. Called on him at the Virginia Coffee-house,
and, being abroad, left note inviting him lo dine with me.
October 1. S. Swartwout called wiih his letter from
Lees. Called on Dr. Letlsome, who was not at home.
Being engaged to the play with S. and M., was obliged to
send excuse, feeling the approaches of a headache.
2. Kept bed till four P. M., fasting; hard headache. At
nine P. M. took tea.
3. Rose at half past eight, quite well. At Ridgway's ;
left with madame, an obliging woman, a mem. of books for
A. B. A. At Gibert's, bootmaker — a great liar. Boots not
done. At Me. Mallet's veuve. Catharine went yesterday to
Weybridge, having left a civil message for A. B. at Madame
Achaud's. All the family, except Mr. Achaud, gone to Tun-
bridge, whither Constant et ux had gone some days before.
Madame Wilk — n, Craven-street ; in the evening, at the
trunkmaker's. Coach hire nine shillings.
But first in the morning on Reeves. Prayed to dine,
which accepted-y-George Chalmers, author of certain com
pilations. Brown, who had been long in Russia. Madame
B, Sa mere stayed till nine o'clock.
4. Rose at six. Sent porter for trunk and boots. Neither
done. Clothes not come from wash. Stage for Gaddesden to
start at twelve, and nothing ready ; bought two shirts. Clothes

64 PRIVATE JOURNAL
and trunk came at half past eleven. Packed up tout suite,
and drove comme diable to stagehouse, Oxford-street. Dis
covered that the hour of departure was one, and not twelve
o'clock. Start at half past one o'clock. Arrive at seven.
Servant of Major Gamble waiting at the inn lo receive and
conduct me. Took tea at Bartlett's. History of ball at  .
Nonchalance de madame. Mode of leading out dame.
5. Rose at seven. Called on Mr. Gilbert, the rector, to
return his visit. He got up horses to ride with me. Called
on Lord Bridgwater-y-Lord Grimstone and two daugh
ters. Went on to Berkhamstead, into the church  to
Queen Elizabeth. Left horses at the Swan. Called at
Ford's, Berkhamstead Place, half a mile from town, lo see
the ruins of the castle. Returned at four ; dinner at five-y-
Rev, Mr. Gilbert and Bartlett. Cards. Won two shillings
and sixpence of the rector.
6. Rose at eight. Bartlett and the rector rode to show
me the remains of a Roman camp eight miles off. Mag
nificent and extensive view. Returned by Dunstable, fa
mous for straw-hat making. Strange dialect of the peas
ants. At six to dine at Asp Ridge-y-Rev. Nor et ux. Mr.
Nor is one of the king's chaplains. At half past eight start
in four carriages for the ball at Berkhamstead. Dancing
had commenced when we arrived. Supper at one. Got
home at three.
7. Called at Asp Ridge — personne — all airing. During
my absence to-day. Lady Bridgwater called in her gig, dri
ving herself, and left for me C.'s History of Hertfordshire.
8. Dined at Bartlett'^-y-Barker et ux. He is uncle of
Lord Lake, Rector of  , and Chaplain to the Prince of
Wales. Music and dancing. Barker invites me to dine on
Monday, which I accept. Break up before twelve,
9, Breakfast at M'Carthy's at ten, having agreed to ride
with him to see the place of the Earl of Bute, said lo have
the best collection of pictures in England. M'Carthy has
eight children, all handsome and most of them beautiful.

OF AARON BURR. 65
Having stayed longer than was intended, thought it loo late
to visit the Earl of Bute's, so rode over to Hamel Hemslead.
Called on Meade, brother-in-law of M'Carthy. Relumed
by Berkhamstead, and reached home at four.
10. Called by appointment on Lord Bridgwater. Left for
his perusal letter of J. Benlham. M'Carthy calls at eleven.
Rode with him and Bartlelt. Called on  , amiable, frank
old man, very deaf; uncle of Mrs. Gordon, also of Whit-
bread. Polite and hospitable overtures. Tea with the Bart
lett's. Came home at nine. Retire lo write and pack up.
Wrote Lord Bridgwater, returning the book and paper, and
a Ling for Benlham's letter.
r:. Rose at five. Got in stage at six, intending to take
postchaise from Hamel Hemslead lo St. Alban's to visit
Lord Grimstone ; but no chaise was lo be had, so came into
town, where arrived at ten olclock. To Faleur, not content
with his work. Impertinence of his goldsmith, whom I or
dered out of the room for obtruding his opinions. F. is to
mend his work, and I am to call to-morrow — thence to S.
Swartwout. It was fortunate that I came lo town, for yes
terday he received orders to go on to Liverpool forthwith.
Received letter from D. M. Randolph; very melancholy.
Speaks of the death of a most valued friend in America,
which must be particularly afflicting lo me. Who can ho
mean ? I have heard of no death of the least consequence
to anybody. To Beck, tailor, about culots, badly made.
Bentham has written that he will be in town on Friday.
Mrs. S. says I may lodge — Received a very civil letter
from Sir Andrew Grant, enclosing the letter of his corre
spondent near Carlisle, about Mrs. Miller's legacy, which
turns out to be just nothing. Also, a very pretty letter from
Miss C. Mallet, as well in her own as on Mrs. Prevosl's be
half, inviting me to Weybridge. At four, walked to Ridg
way's ; madame had procured the books for which I left a
memorandum, 14, Called at Queen's Square Place ; Mrs. Stoker has re-

66 PRIVATE JOURNAL
ceived a letter from Beniham delaying his return until Mon
day 16th, unless I shall be in town and wish him lo come
sooner. It is now twelve, and, having suffered my fire to
go out two hours ago, I am going to bed.
15. Rose at eight. .After saying at twelve last night that
I was going to bed, I made a good fire, got wine, water, and
sugar, and sat up till past 2. 1 went on Thursday lo Robert
Shedden, Gower-street, on the business of the lovely Ana-
bella, now, I hope, Mrs. A. B. R. Mr. Shedden was not at
home, so I left a note, written at his house, of which, see the
copy made from memory.
From this date until the beginning of November no entries
are made in the journal. TO JEREMY BENTHAM.
Queen's Square Place, October 4, 2 o'clock A. M., 1808.
Whenever I make a movement, no matter for what lime
or space, there is as much preparation, assorting, packing,
and repacking, as if it were for a voyage to the antipodes.
Thus you see me up at this unreasonable hour, to be up
again at six, the labour being but half performed.
Merry has written that he will not be in town till near the
close of this month ; but another, unsought and unexpected,
has tendered himself. Timeo Danaos, &c., &c. Yet, as
nothing is hazarded, I have permitted him lo make his ap
proaches. The result to be known at my return from Little
Gaddesden. This day (yesterday, Monday meaning), meeting your
friend Reeves (in whose holy keeping I am by appointment
of the Rt. Hon. Lord Hawkesbury, &c.), he gave me a most
friendly and affectionate reception ; prayed me lo dine, which
was accepted. Met there Mr. and Mrs. Brown, who have
been much in Russia, and Chalmers (do you hear me ?), all
very social — very happy to know Mr. Burr !
It is nevertheless, my dear friend, but too obvious that I
am a mere encumbrance here, and ought to be gone. Yet

or AARON BURR. 67
the attempt proposed shall be made, humiliating and hope
less as it is. Thus I shall at least escape the reproaches
of my friends, and, what is of more moment, my own.
A. Burr.
TO THEODOSIA.
Little Gaddesden, October 7, 1808.
My last was by the Alknomac, which sailed from London
lllh September. Itcovei;ed a letter from Jeremy Bentham
to you, and was accompanied by a parcel of books ; partic
ularly many of the works of Benlham, a present from him
self to you, and a set of fire-irons on a curious construction.
There were also some books for the boy, and a parcel of
newspapers. All under the particular care of Mr. Nicholas,
of Philadelphia.
Immediately after despatching those articles, I returned
to Barrow Green, the summer residence of Mr. Benlham,
where I stayed about ten days. Then for a week to this
place, on a visit to Major Gamble, and now again here at
the invitation of Lord Bridgwater (the Earl of). I write
you a great deal, but do not choose lo trust it to ordinary
modes of conveyance. The next safe private hand, you
shall have some details. I have on hand (that is, in my
head) a stock that will serve you for some years of amuse
ment. I write by this conveyance to 71, whom I must ever
recommend to your affection and confidence.
Your letter from B. T., July 6, or thereabout (T have left
it in London), is the last received. Let me hear that you
are settled with Frederic, and are gaining health, and I shall
be able to write with some spirit.
Matters of business remain as at the date of my last.
Out of the money which you will receive on 1st December,
remit to Jeremy Bentham, for me, two hundred guineas.
T. W. Moore will put you in a way to remit with safety
and without loss. My health est toujours le meme. Ow
ing to accident and misinformation, I have most shamefully

68 PRIVATE JOURNAL
neglected to write to you till within one hour of the closing
of the mail. Pardon, and I will do better.
The packet, you know, sails from Falmouth, which is
280 miles from London. No parcel or book can be sent,
unless, fortunately, one should meet with a passenger about
to go in the mailcoach. A piece of good fortune which has
not happened to A. Burr.
TO SAMUEL SWARTWOUT. Little Gaddesden, October 8, 1808.
In consequence of your letter of yesterday, received this
morning, I shall postpone, for one day at least, my return to
town, proposing to avail myself of the interval to visit Lord
Grimstone, at St. Alban's. I shall not be here long enough
to admit of receiving another letter from you.
A. Burr.
TO LORD BRIDGWATER.
Little Gaddesden, October 10, 1808.
Col, Burr returns with thanks Chauncey's Antiquities and
the newspaper. He regrets very much that he cannot have
the honour of dining with Lord Bridgwater to-morrow, hav
ing engaged to leave town at an early hour in the morning.
He takes the liberty of requesting that his lordship will
have the goodness lo return by mail, addressed to No, 30
Craven-street, Strand, London, the letter left this morning
for his perusal. Under the same address. Col, Burr will be
happy to receive his further commands.
He begs leave to offer respectful compliments and ac
knowledgments for his lordship's civihties,
FROM MISS C, MALLET, Weybridge, October 9, 1808.
Mrs, Prevost having expected the pleasure of seeing you
at Weybridge last week, thinks it just possible you may
have wished her to answer the letter which announced your

OF AARON BURR. 69
intention of visiting her, and requests me, therefore, to take
the present opportunity (of sending a billet by a private
hand) to say how happy she would be lo see you whenever
you can disengage yourself from London, I shall only add
that I hope your purpose will be resumed while I may hope
to profit from il,
Mrs. Mallet promised to explain lo you that it was en
tirely par discretion that I declined accepting your obliging
offer to escort me, as I was apprehensive my journey might
interfere with your other plans, I see now that I was right,
I am sure you must feel obhged to me. Believe me, dear
sir, yours, &c., C. Mallet.
TO JEREMY BENTHAM. London, October 14, 1808.
My return from Hertfordshire, Wednesday evening, would
have been immediately announced to you but for the ex
pectation of seeing you here this day, Mrs. Stoker, whom
I have just now seen, informs me that your removal is post
poned till Monday, which is embarrassing. Swartwout is
still here, but has received his final summons, and will go
on Sunday evening. We have so much "to do, and, with my
habits and his, so many things are left till the last moment,
that I cannot leave him till the moment of his departure.
No plan has yet been adopted. All those which you
have heard loosely suggested are still under consideration.
Swift says that suspense is the life of a spider. Indecision 1
, is something worse, and claiming no sympathy. Yet how
can one decide without a knowledge of facts ? It seems,
however, that I ought not to remain longer in this kingdom.
But the whither, and the how, and the when, are points on
which I greatly desire"to confer with you, and I had hoped
that you would also have heard Swartwout on the subject.
There is, nevertheless, a certainty that I shall be in or near
London at and for some days after your arrival. Were it
otherwise, I should forthwith lake postchaise, and be with
you in Iwo hours.

10 PRIVATE JOURNAL
I am apprehensive that a letter which I wrote you on the
morning (at two o'clock) of my departure for Gaddesden
has been mislaid or lost. Mrs. S. has no recollection of
having sent it. You will not, therefore, understand me
when I speak of my new friend Reeves. He is out of town
for some days. Lord Bridgwater gave me a line of intro
duction to Charles Long, who is now also in the country.
But I have no longer the slightest hope of the countenance
of the ministry for anything which might be proposed. I
am an object of suspicion and alarm. I shall at least wait
the arrival of another packet from North America, now daily
expected. That hemisphere menaces itself only. God
bless you ever, A. Burr.
TO SAMUEL SWARTWOUT. London, Oeto^iet 23, 1809,
Your first letter has been received and acknowledged ;
the second has not yet come to hand, I am a litlle appre
hensive that you and your friends may have overvalued the
resources of the Floridas. It ia a country very thinly peo
pled, there being not more than 2500 families in the whole
extent of six hundred miles, from St. Augustine to Baton
Rouge. The American settlement (above the Spanish line)
on the Mobile is about 400 families, and dependant wholly
on the towns of Mobile and Pensaeola, having no other
course to market but down the Mobile. The Natehea set-
llement, just above the line, and bordering on the Missis
sippi, is flourishing and wealthy, and, if you can get access to
it, will take all your merchandise, and supply as much cot-
ion as you may be disposed to purchase. The persons whose
names I have given you will put you in the way to, accom
plish everything that may be practicable, and will aid you in
the execution. The two excellencies to whom you have
letters are to be approached with caution. Colonel M. and
Dr. W. will advise you. Perhaps it may be expedient, ia
the first instance, to sound them as a merchant, without dis-

OP AARON BURR. 71
closing yotirself further. One cannot conjecture the sort of
influence which the late political changes may have had on
their minds. The country overflows with ihe productions
you want.
I have been out, got three guineas' worth of books for
the donna, and sent them to Meeker. You will put them
up and address them properly.' Adieu, my dear friend.
Your enterprise will call for the exertion of all your talents,
your industry, and your discretion. I feel a strong confi
dence in your success. My most ardent wishes you will
have. A. Burr.
TO THEODOSIA. London, October 2 1, 1808.
On the ISth I wrote you by way of Liverpool, and with
It sent a small parcel for A. B. A. Since that date the ar
rival of the packet has brought me your letter of the 3d Sep
tember. It is a deadly blow to my hopes. Some great,
some immediate and violent change must be made in your
habits. A sea voyage and a cHnaaie wholly different would
promise much. In three days a vessel will sail from this
port for New-York, and in ten days the packet from Pal-
mouth. By one or both my final advice will be given. I
have consulted physicians, but the eommttnication of the re
sult would not afford much satisfaction nor immediate re
lief. They insist that the ease is certainly curable, and not
dangerous if not longer neglected. The physician most
relied on has promised me a letter, which, if received, will
be forwarded by packet. This goes by way of Philadel
phia. The opportunity is considered as precarious. No
further details oa this interesting head can now be given.
Since the date of my last I have been passing a few days
with Mrs. Prevost, who is always my good friend and yours.
To fill up this blank pap, take one of the many epigramis
on Sir ffru) Dalrymple. It was made impromptu by one

72 PRIVATE JOURNAL
of my friends in my presence. Perhaps it may have been
published, but not lo my knqwledge.
" When knights of old their falchions drew,
Their mot de guerre was Hack and Hew ;
Our modern knight, of fighting shy.
Should make his motto Hew and cry."
The following ridiculous epitaph made me laugh. If it
raise a smile on the wan cheek of my Theodosia, I should
deem it valuable indeed. The subject of it, who is more
famed for his wealth and his long services in the corpora
tion than for classic erudition, is in the habit, as is said, like
our worthy vice-president, of using this-ere and that-are, as
Exigra : Take this-here knife and cut that-there goose.
The epitaph was produced at a feast at which he was pres
ent, and the story adds that he joined in the laugh with
great good huttiour,
" Here lies William Curtis, our late worthy lord-mayor.
Who has left this-here world and gone to that-there."
A. Burr,

FROM THEODOSIA,
New-York, October 31, 1808,_
Your letters and presents by Mr. Nicholas reached m^ a
week ago. You are well and happy, but X* is abandoned !
This certainly was inevitable, but I cannot part with what
has so long lain near my heart, and not feel some regret,
some sorrow. No doubt there are many other roads to hap
piness, but this appeared so perfectly suitable to you, so
complete a remuneration for all the past ; i_t so entirely coin
cided with my wishes relative to you, that I cherished it as
my comfort, even when illness scarcely allowed me any hope
of witnessing its completion. My knowledge of your char
acter, however, consoles me greatly. You will not remain
idle. The situation in which you are placed would excite
apathy itself, and your mind needs no external impetus.
* This has allusion to the projected expedition against Mexico'.

OF AARON BURR. 73
I presume that when you last wrote lo me, none of your
plans could be matured ; but, as soon as you have formed any
determinations, I conjure you to inform me of them as soon
as possible. I know that entreaty is not necessary. I am
too proud of your confidence to affect a doubt of it; but my
mind is anxious, impatiently anxious in regard lo your fu
ture destiny. Where you are going, what will occupy you,
how this will terminate, employ me continually ; and when,
forgetful of myself, my brain is dizzy with a multitude of
projects, my poor little heart cries out — and when shall we
meet ? You, or rather circumstances, have deprived me of
my greatest support dufing your absence. Give me a sub
stitute for it. Tell me that you are engaged in some pursuit
worthy of you. This is the subject which interests me most-;
for a long time it has been the object of all my thoughts.
Thus it was first ifientioned; but do not, therefore, imagine
that I was not sensible lo your kind and truly flatiering at
tentions. Any present from you charms me ; but I can
not tell you what pleasure it gave me to find ihat you had
already introduced me lo so great and celebrated a person
as Jeremy Bentham. At such a distance, amid so many
new and interesting objects, to think constantly of me ; that
I should be present to your thoughts, and the subject'of your
conversations during your first interview with a man so cal
culated to absorb all your attention, and so likely to con
verse on things of a very different order from me and my
concerns, delights and flatters me really more than I can
express. Would lo Heaven Jeremy Bentham's letter had been re
ceived at some more auspicious moment. Never has my
disease affected my intellects so much as at present. It
renders me absolutely stupid ; and I fear that my answer
will prove rather an evidence of your parental partiality than
of my merits. Indeed, the constant conviction that I am for
ever showing myself in the very worst light ; the conscious
ness that my every speech and every action do me injustice,
Vol. I— D

74 PRIVATE JOURNAL
prey upon my spirits, and, perhaps, add to my complaints-
I will write an answer, however, in pursuance to your max
im, to show some sensibility to attention, if I can show no
thing more ; and you will deliver it or not, as you may deem
best. I shall study his works, not merely read them, for I well
remember the high and repeated encomiums bestowed on
them by the Delphian Oracle. Thank you for Mitford's
Treatise on the Harmony of Language. Had I my entire
sense, language would now be my favourite pursuit. I
should enter on it with enthusiasm. Should you have it in
your power, you ^ould gratify me very much by some
sketches of the lives and characters of eminent persons
among whom you now reside. I wish always that your
friends or associates should be, at least, my acquaintance.
I wish to meet you on any ground interesting or pleasing to
yourself. Of the public characters, I believe there are lives,
or the outlines of the biography, published.
I have at length heard from the physician whom you de
sired to visit me at the Springs. Indeed, your conviction
that the summons would be attended to, and some reasons
which he gave me lo expect him, kept me three weeks in
waiting there after I was quite certain that no advantage
could be derived from the waters, and at an enormous ex
pense ; so that I spent nine weeks there instead of six, as
we agreed. But a fortnight ago I received the medicine,
and commenced the treatment prescribed by him ; for not a
month has elapsed since we came to a perfect understand
ing, and began a regular correspondence. He expressed
great regret at the appearance of neglect towards me in which
circumstances had involved him, and has since been very
attentive. He has been informed of my case, and says that,
although between eighteen and nineteen months is a long
time for the duration of such a complaint without a symp
tom of relief, yet there is great reason lo hope that the med
icine you recommended will effect a cure. As I have taken

OF AARON BURR. 76
it only a fortnight, it has not yet produced any alteration in
my feelings or habit. Yet now I think we have every rea
son to believe that my health will soon be restored ; and,
after all, it will be owing to your prescription. If you had
been with me, I should have recovered long since.
Oh, my guardian angel, why were you obliged toabandon
me just when enfeebled nature doubly required your care ?
Alas, alas ! how often have I deplored the want of your
counsel and tenderness ! How often, when my tongue and
hands trembled with disease, have I besought Heaven either
to reunite us, or let me die at once ! Yet do not hence im
agine that I yield lo infantine lamentations or impatience.
As soon as relief from pain restored me in some measure to
myself, I became more worthy the happiness of being your
daughter. Now my strength is greatly increased, my nerves
are less irritable ; and, if the disorder did not so strangely af
fect my head, I should feel almost well. No doubt the mer
cury will remedy all my evils.
It is near a month since I heard from M. I shall cer
tainly remain here this winter, but my situation will not have
the charms we supposed. Indeed, I find that your presence
threw a' lustre on everything around you. Everything is
gayer, more elegant, more pleasant where you are. But I
am determined to remain, nevertheless, on account of' my
health, which renders such a measure highly necessary ; nor
have I forgotten my promise. Here, too, I am exempt from
many vexations. But F.'s house is more uncomfortable than
either of us supposed. From my town friends I receive
lukewarm invitations. Mrs.  , on whom we reposed in
security, is quite unhappy that I should be at such a distance
from her ; she wishes she could persuade me to take lodg
ings near her ! ! Since we parted, however, I have made a
charming acquaintance (that is not English). She is pos
sessed of that unsuspicious candour, that softness and play
fulness of disposition which you so much admire. Modest,
without too much diflidence of herself; possessing a good
D2

76 PRn^ATE JOURNAL
understanding, which she depends upon without vanity ;
wealthy, she is fond of splendour ; and with fine spirits, she
likes gayety. Yet neither occupy her much, because it is
through her heart only that she can be really interested ;
and, perhaps, from this singular union of delicacy, sensibil
ity, vivacity, and good sense, she lives in the world without
becoming a part of it ; and at thirty every variation of her
feehngs displays itself in her changes of colour and counte
nance. Thus far this character of her is just. No doubt
she has faults, but our intimacy is not great enough to ren
der them conspicuous ; and I never take the trouble lo seek
what it would give me no pleasure to find. She is all at
tention to me. I passed several days at her country-house
(that formerly owned by Daniel Ludlow), and am invited to
visit her in town during the winter, but I have no means of
passing to and fro. Nothing shall tempt me to live long
with her, and thus inevitably destroy all the pleasure, all the
zeal of her friendship. Dansee monde selon moi, il en est
de I'amitie comme de tout outre chose, pour en jouir il ne
faut que I'afleurer ; quand en vent trop savourer le parsum
d'une fieur, ou la ceuille, et elle meure. Qu'est ce qui ne
s'use pas, parle grand service ? II n'y a que toi, qui soil done
d'une ame, et d'une esprit inexpuisable. My friend's name
is Waddington, wife of Joshua Waddington, merchant, and
daughter of Abraham Ogden, of New-Jersey. Her mother,
Mrs. Ogden, is fond of me. She said you and my mother
were quite intimate at her house. You wrote a long letter
once on the birth of one of her sons, calling him Prince.
Does this bring her to your recollection ? She amused me
with many anecdotes of you.
I have seen E. A. since your departure. She offered,
and I believe was sincere, lo come and nurse me ; but I
would not avail myself of what would have been a source
of enjoyment to me, really because il would not be in my
power lo make her as comfortable at F.'s as I should wish.
I do not require nursing, but society would be pleasant.

OF AARON BURR. 77
Burr was delighied with his books. I shall send .you no
list for myself. I do not think you are very able to make
many presents. Will you scold me for a robber, or laugh
at me for a baby, if I tell you that I kept the two loose little
pictures you sent among B.'s books ? They were so pretty !
The caricature made us all laugh very much.
I am residing with my old friend Mrs. Pierpont. I was
welcomed with ihe utmost hospitality. Indeed, there cannot
exist a more pleasant family to reside with. He is an ami
able man, devoted to his wife. You know her as goodness
and sweetness itself. Without pretending to style, their
house is very handsomely furnished, and overflows in all
the comforts and luxuries of life. She sends her love to
you — and she does love you. Notwithstanding the pleasures
of my present residence, I shall soon leave this, to be un
comfortable at F.'s. True to my system. F. will never tire
of me. Poor fellow, the more I love him, the more un
happy it renders me to be with him, and witness all the
difficulties he experiences.
The notes of which you left me mistress are deemed
sacred. I cannot now foresee any accident which will in
duce me to avail myself of them. When shall I receive the
journal ? Good Heaven, how it will delight me ! Do not
fail to let me hear your plan. What will you do when 59 is
gone ? Answer this question, above all.
I would to Heaven I could be with you. I long to visit a
region where the muses and graces have some favourites.
Perhaps pride should render me less desirous of showing
myself to disadvantage ; for you would occasion me to be
stared at, and circumstances have, for a long time, been in
imical to my advancement in any respect. Nevertheless,
nothing would gratify me more than a visit to Europe — Paris
particularly. But there it would be madness in you to think
of going.
You ask what the boy is learning. My illness and our
disappointment in obtaining a tutor has kept him very sta-

78 PRIVATE JOURNAL
uonary, except that he improves in speaking French, and in
reading that and English, In your great world is there no
such thing as some easy introduction to history ? The lit
tle volume sent will be valuable in its place ; but I believe
it important lo begin with the earliest periods, and come
down regularly.
Our politicians and wise ones predict that Madison must
be president and the embargo continued. The Legislature
of Connecticut, or, rather, a committee named for the pur
pose, have framed some very spirited resolutions on the sub
ject of the embargo, protesting against its indefinite contin
uance as an infringement of the rights of the people. In
deed, from the temper of the Eastern States at present, it is
very generally believed that, unless the embargo is raised,
rebellion in that part of the Union will take place speedily.
The Eastern States are all federal. Theodosia.

FROM MRS.

Philadelphia, NoTemBer 6, 180S;
I am again in Philadelphia, my dear friend. But here, as
in all places, deprived of your protection, I feel like a corps
sans ame. Sometimes the passing pleasures of the hour
amuse me ; but that support which your unalterable friend
ship afforded me ; on which I leaned in proud defiance of
the vicissitudes of fortune, of the caprices of chance, is re
moved by your absence and the constraint in which I live,
obliged to devour my thoughts, my hopes, my feelings, for to
whom can I communicate them ? is aggravated by the rec
ollection of the hours of delightful liberty in which your
goodness once indulged me.
 is kind, almost to a fault. He has been very ill
since August, and mends slowly. Yet, notwithstanding, he
would have sailed for France if certain events which I sup
pose he will inform you of had not prevented him.
Everybody here is dull. Nothing heard but complaints
'J the embargo and the times. Just before I left Ncw-Of'-

OP AARON BURR, 79
leans 1 received a present of elegant medals from my friend
in Mexico.
I wish, if not prevented by more serious business during
your stay in London, that you would see Flaxman, the clas
sical engraver, and get him to send me a set of his works,
addressed to Bradford and Inskeep. I have one volume of
engravings. I believe the only one in this country, from
Euripides. The model of this exquisite artist is his beauti
ful Italian wife. Perhaps, in complying with this request,
you may make an agreeable acquaintance.
But, indeed, you are too far off. Approach us. Come
only a little nearer. Come where I can meet you, and I
will fly to find near you that happiness which none but you
can impart ; which I have never known except in your
presence ; which I do not wish to feel till I again behold
you. Y. Z.
TO THEODOSIA, London, November 9, 1808.
After reading and reflecting on the subject of your health,
Eind taking the best advice which can be had in this country,
I can perceive no hope of your recovery but .in a voyage
to England, Every arrangement which the case admits of
has been made for your reception on this side, and Dr.
Leltsome promises to devote lo you all his medical skill,
mingled with parental interest. This goes by the Hope
well, and a copy will be sent by packet.
The British packet will, I think, be the best conveyance ;
and, if you should improve it, Mr, Moore will attend to your
comfort. If, however, a very good and fast-sailing ship be
found for Liverpool or London, you may lake it. See that
there be fire, and in your cabin a bell. I recommend you
to bring Sam and your black woman. If you should land
at Falmouth, address yourself to Mr. Fox, the collector of
the port. If at Liverpool, to William Lees, merchant. If
perchance at Plymouth or Portsmouth, lo Mr, Lockyer,

80 PRIVATE JOURNAL
mayor of Plymouth and collector of the port. At whatever
port you may arrive, write immediately to Jeremy Benlham,
Queen's Square Place, Westminster, and to J. L. Mallet,
Esq., Somerset House, London, according to circumstances
and the advice which you receive from the persons indica
ted. It is needless to add ihat, if your debarcation be in
London, you will forthwith announce your arrival to the two
gentlemen last named. I write lo Dr. Hosack by both
opportunities, and enclose him a letter from Letlsome. See
Hosack immediately on receipt of this.
When you write to Mr. Alston enclose him my letter.
Dr. Hosack will write at the same lime. Desire him to
show you what he shall write, and also that which I now
write to him. The moment you have fixed on your ship,
write me by every possible occasion ; but, as your strength
and life are fast ebbing, I hope you will come by the first
ship, and precede every letter which you might write. The
funds in the hands of  will serve you. No part need
be remitted to me ; but, if you should be delayed, you may
remit me one hundred guineas.
A bust of Bentham goes by the Hopewell, and also two
or three books. All to the care of Edward. Bring any
papers you may please, and all the American productions
you can lay your hands on. Beg some friend lo gel those
named in the enclosed hst. Kiss A. B. A. for Gamp.
A. Burr.
TO DR. HOSACK.
London, Novemtrer 10, 1 808.
My daughter's letter, written since her return from Ball
ston, contains the afflicting intelligence that she has found no
relief from any one of her complaints. I have consulted
Dr. Leltsome, and he unites with me in opinion that the
only chance of saving her is by a speedy and thorough
change of climate and habits — that is, a voyage to England.
He also expects much from the sea voyage. His letter is

OF AARON BURR, 81
enclosed, but he has expressed himself much more strongly
in our conversation than in his letter, having been restrained,
it seems, by professional delicacy towards you. Of the cli
mate of this country, as compared with that of ours, he says
nothing, because he knows nothing of the latter. You and I,
however, can vouch for its superiority. He offers, and I am
sure with sincerity, professional aid\nd friendly attenlions.
Feeling a strong conviction that her recovery, and even
her life, depend on the prompt adoption of this measure,
and being persuaded, from what passed between us on the
subject in April, that il will meet your approbation, I entreat
and conjure you to promote it without loss of lime. By
this conveyance I write to my daughter to come immediately
to town lo confer with you. As much will depend upon the
state of her mind, I rely on you lo diminish the prospect of
inconvenience and hazard, and lo animate her hopes, A
winter passage may be rude, but it will be short. She is
always belter at sea, and, judging from my own experience,
this climate cannot fail to be beneficial to her. The benefit
of my presence and attentions you can estimate,
After you shall have conversed with her, and adjusted the
plan of her voyage, I beg you lo write Mr. Alston in such
terms as may convince him of the expediency and necessity
of the measure, and reconcile him to it. Show this letter
to Theodosia, and act in concert with her. You are aware
that this is the most interesting concern of my life. Do by
me as I should by you.
Favour tne also with your opinion as to the policy of my
returning to the United States, and the most suitalfle time,
I have hoped that, by April, the objections lately existing
might cease, Theodosia will give you my address, and will
inform you of my occupations here. A. Borr,
D 3

-i'Z PRIVATE JOURNAL

TO JOSEPH ALSTON.

London, November 10, 1808.
You must have been long since informed of Theodosia's
return lo New-York, in the same melancholy state of health
in which she left it. This afflicting intelligence confirms
my apprehensions, and' greatly impairs the hopes I had en
tertained of her recovery. Yet, with her constitution and at
her years, while there is life we ought not lo despair nor lo
relax of our exertions, I have taken the best medical advice
which can be had in this city, and no part of the world af
fords so good ; and by this opportunity enclose lo Dr. Hosack
a letter from the celebrated Dr. Letlsome on the subject.
He unites with me in the opinion that the only chance of
saving her is a sea voyage, and a total and immediate change
of climate and of habit. He advises a voyage to England,
Something may undoubtedly be hoped from the voyage ;
much from the climate, lo which no part of the United
States can bear any comparison ; and still more, perhaps,
from the enlightened and experienced medical aid which is
found here. Dr. Letlsome has performed wonderful cures
in analogous cases ; the accounts of some of which 1 have
read, and there is, I believe, no man in Europe who inspires
so much confidence in female complaints. He is in person,
in manners, and in intellect extremely like the late J. Dick
enson. He promises to unite parental interest and tender
ness with his medical skill. I propose to unite with him
Dr. Bailey, a man of genius, of profound learning, and of
vigorous and intuitive mind. With such aid, and under my
direction and control, we may justly hope for all that human
means can effect ; and if finally she be destined to perish
thus early, there will remain the gloomy consolation that,
in this stage at least, nothing has been left unessayed for
her preservation. I ought lo add that Dr. Leltsome pro
fesses the most confident belief that he will be able to effect
a cure, though my hopes are by no means so sanguine.

OF AARON BURR. 83
I have provided for her reception at every port at which
she may probably land, and on her arrival here she will be
assured of every friendly attention from the mother of Sir
George Prevost, and from two other ladies whom I have
named to her. In case of any accident to me, she will find
a father in that venerable sage and philosopher Jeremy
Bentham, of whose literary works you have so often heard
me speak with enthusiastic admiration. He is, indeed, the
most perfect model that I have seen or imagined of moral
and intellectual excellence. He is the most intimate friend
I have in this country, and my constant associate. I live
in his house and compose a part of his family. The boy
will be educated with the children of General Bentham,
brother of the other, and who are incomparably the best
educated children I have ever seen, as regards both their
talents and their acquirements. ,
If there can arise in your mind objections not already
removed, they must be, first, the season of the 3rear. Sec
ond, pecuniary means. It is true that the season does not
promise a pleasant passage, but then, which is more impor
tant, it ensures a short one. The dangers of the sea are
nothing. The packets are such stanch ships and so well
found, that for the last five-and-twenty years there is but
a single example of one being lost, and that by an accident
which will not probably occur in fifty centuries. But, even
were there danger at sea, to remain on shore is certain and
inevitable death. As to money, I have transferred over to
Theodosia the small sum which had been destined for my
own expenses (say four or five hundred guineas) ; this will
pay her passage and expenses to this place, and maintain
her in the way I propose she shall live for four or five
months. Your power of attorney, authorizing her to take
up a given sum on your account, might be relied on as a
resource. It will readily occur to you that, by the estimate
above noted, she must be abridged of some comforts. We
have provided a small house for her. It is probable that

84 PRIVATE JOURNAL
her fate will be determined within six or eight months. If
she survive, I shall return with her lo the United States,
I have now discharged my duly ; it remains for you lo
fulfil yours. It would be as insulting as unnecessary lo
address anything to your feelings, or lo claim your sympa
thy with mine, A. Burr,
FROM ERICH BOLLMAN, Philadelphia, November 12, 1808.
In the month of August last I informed you of my return
to Philadelphia, of my sickness on the passage, and my in
tention of going to the Continent of Europe.
My bad state of health has continued, and I cannot even
now say that I am perfectly recovered. Yet I should have
embarked^ on board the ship Union, lately despatched by
government for France, if Mr. Jefferson, hearing of my in
tention, had not ordered the collector of this port lo prevent
my going in that vessel. This pitiful resentment could not
forego this opportunity of thwarting my pursuits.
Finding it impossible to exist in this country, I shall avail
myself of the first chance of going for St, Domingo, the
Island of Cuba, or the Continent of Europe, and I shall
write lo you again immediately before my departure for
either of these places. Letters directed to me to Philadel
phia, and forwarded by the British packet, will not be sub
ject to be intercepted, and will be taken care of by a friend,
who may be depended upon in case of my absence.
The late occurrences in Europe must have been unfavour
able to your views ; but it appears to me highly probable
that they soon will be followed by others which may totally
change the complexion of affairs, and open to you the most
promising prospects.
I have often regretted not to be with you. Indeed, I
would have followed you if any method had occurred to me
of providing for my wants in England without becoming
burdensome to yourself.

OP AARON BURR. 85
The embargo law has given an ascendency to the Federal
interest in New-England ; but the other party, on the whole,
continues to predominate, and there is not the smallest doubt
Mr. Madison will be the ne.xt president. There remains
scarcely any e.xpectation that ihe embargo will be raised,
but perhaps it may be transformed into a non-intercourse
law with England and France.
The 6000 men which were lo be raised are all enlisted,
and will rendezvous at Carlisle lo be reviewed by General
Wilkinson. This hero was lately here, as witness on the
trial of Bartholomew White, to which I was also suramoi^ed;
He has been but liltle attended to. The trial was postponed.
He then went to Baltimore and challenged Mr. Harper, who
refused to meet him on the ground of not considering hiifl
as on a footing with himself, or on account of the low esti
mation in which he stood in the opinion of the public and
in his own. The general, in reply, has put Mr. Harper out
of the ranks of honour.
Hoping that even in Europe you will conserve me your
friendship and good-will, I am, Erich Bollman.
TO THEODOSIA. London, November 13, 1808.
The Hopewell has not yet gone. I am distressed at the
delay, believing that every day you remain in America will
protract for two days your cure. It affords me, however,
the opportunity of repairing some omissions. Only half the
money will be due in December. The residue not till
February or March, I forget which. You must get  to
point out the mode of anticipating this latter moiety; or,
finally, Charles Loss, through his friend Francis M., which
he will comprehend, though you may not. If you should
fail in this negotiation, yet ihe other half will bring you here
and something more. Do not, therefore, postpone a day on
this account, but direct that the residue of the money be
sent after you to J. L. Mallet, Somerset House, London.

86 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Be kind lo E. A. for my sake. On every principle of re
ciprocity, you ought for your own. Just before setting off,
announce to her, to 72 and 73, your intention, and ask iheir
commands. God bless, and prosper, and speed thee. What
a ten weeks of hopes and fears are before me.
A. Burr,
FROM JEREMY BENTHAM,
Q. S. P., Thursday, Nov. 14, 1808.
Dr. Rogel, an intelligent physician, a nephew of Romilly,
dines with me to-morrow (Friday), so, therefore, must you.
I expect you, if in the course of the day I hear nothing from
you to the contrary. J. Bentham.
TO THEODOSIA. London, November 15, 1808.
A further delay ; the Hopewell does not sail till to-morrow.
Mr. Bentham has just been down to my room, knowing that
I was writing to you, to say that you must come directly to
this house. He has arranged the whole plan, and assigned
you your rooms. Il is not, however, my plan lo adopt his
arrangement. But I am quite of the opinion that you should
make no delay at the port of arrival ; but come directly on
lo town in a stagecoach, not in the mail. Do not stint
yourself in baggage of any kind. The transportation of it
is very, very cheap and perfectly safe. You send it by
wagons, or, if you should be at Liverpool, by canal, taking
the receipt of the proprietor. Tell Sam to see that the
trunks are well corded, and cards of address on the lop, and
at least one end of each.
Your best mode of travelling, if landed at Falmouth, would
be postchaise. You then stop where you please and as long.
The expense of a postchaise from Falmouth to London is
about twenty-five guineas. You, the boy, and blackey, could
ride inside. Whatever mode you adopt, pay no very great
distance at once ; for, if your health should oblige you to lay

OF AARON BURR. 87
by, you would lose your money. In case of arrival at Liv
erpool, it is possible that, in your state of health, the canal
would be found most agreeable. I am told that they have
very neatly-furnished rooms with fireplaces, and that the
living on board is better than at ihe taverns. They go forty
or fifty miles a day, and are not half the expense of land
travelling. But of all these matters further particulars will
be found in the letters which you will find at your port of
landing. If there be time, write lo Eustis to send you a bottle of
Berthody's medicine — the preparation of an Italian physi
cian — which I have heard him call " divine." It might be
well to take it on the passage, as it will produce no restraint
in diet or olher inconvenience.
The captain has sworn a great oath that he will go to
morrow morning, and I believe he will. I have only to en
close my map of the city, by studying of which you may, be
fore your arrival, be as well acquainted with London as any
hackney-coachman. A. Burr.
JOURNAL.
London, November 13, 1808. Sir Mark A. Gerard and
Captain Percival of the marines came lo breakfast. The
former was fellow-passenger with me from Halifax. The
latter was introduced to me by him yesterday. We took
dinner together at Story's Gate Coffee-house. After break
fast Sir Mark walked with me to Miss Beetham's, to pay
for a picture — profile en noir. . Miss B. not at home. Paid
her sister Mrs.  21 shillings. Belle femme et d'espric.
Called on Dumont at five, and went together to dine at
Achaud's-y-Sir Samuel Romilly et ux, formerly Miss  ,
of Knil, where now lives her brother. Belle et bien elevee.
The young Baron D'Arabit and his sister, wards of Con
stant. Sir Samuel has an amiable and intelligent counte
nance. Came off at ten o'clock.
14. Don Castella called on me at ten. He had yesterday

88 PRIVATE JOURNAL
seen 89. Three letters on X.'s affairs. Went to Falieri's ;
got home, sans accident. William Graves called at five.
The Hopewell does not sail till the 16lh. No vessel yet
provided to take the mail to New-York.
15. Wrote Sir Mark to call on me. Note from Captain
Percival ihat Lady Hamilton was not in town. G. called
with Capt. Stewart, an amiable young Scotchman. Sir
Mark has discovered les personages, and will present B. A.
on Friday. Passed the day in writing to the United States
at home, except calling on Reeves at four about passports.
Did not see him. K. abroad. Evening with Bentham;
conversed of tattooing, and how to be made useful ; of in
fanticide ; of crimes against Nature, &c., &c.
16. Castella called at eleven, and sat an hour. Called at
four on Dawe, painter ; pas talents. At five, home, safe.
Dinner with B. and K. Tea ditto. Pass evening with  .
17. Did nothing till two, then called on Reeves about pass
ports. He had done nothing, would do nothing, and was
just going out of town for four days ! Me voila prisonier
d'etat ! At J, Wedgwood's, 328 Oxford — elle ne veut plus
me parler. Strolled and pensant a T. et tous mes pelits
plans. Called on Madame Beetham — dehors. Sat half an
hour au la m^re, who did not know me, but received me with
politeness. On Madame Langworlhy, la mere de la belle
Catharine. 18. Castella called before I was up. Breakfasted with
me, and gave me many interesting details respecting South
America and of persons there. Called on General Picton,
Dr. Blackburn, and on Mr. Duval ; waited till he came in lo
dinner, and dined with him. To Mrs. H. Surry, who con
fessed that ihere was no such person as the Hon. Mrs.
Bruce, but that the whole was a fable imposed on her by
Mrs. G., sister of Mrs, C, and so on me. Mrs. G. lives in
handsome style, handsome carriages, and many servants !
Called on Madame W. ; found there a card from General
Picton, and a note from Mr. Duval, with whom I am to dine

OF AARON BURR. 89
on Sunday. Tea with Bentham. Wrote to Hosack in reply
to his of the 17th, and a long letter lo Mrs. Prevost. Con
fab an hour with K. Read Thierrie an hour with B.
20. To Madame W. Abroad. To Madame H. Surrey,
to see further about the Hon. Madame Bruce. To the Sa
lopian Coffee-house, to meet Sir Mark by appointment. He
came not, but met there Capt. Percival. Chez nous to
dress. To Duval's to dine at five. A family party. Only
the two sons, who are amiable and pleasant. The counsel
lor, Lewis, very intelligent. I had lent, for a few days, the
picture of Theodosia, which was hung up there, and em
ployed more of my thoughts than the dinner and company.
We drank her health, &c. It is very remarkable that one
of the sons looks like Phil, and the other speaks like him.
You will be struck with it at your first interview. Read an
hour more of Thierrie, and laughed a great deal. Made out
a law opinion requested by Hosack, which took me two
hours, being obliged to hunt up the treaty of 1794 and cer
tain laws of the State of New- York. General Picton called
on me yesterday at the hour I was chez lui.
21. At War-oflice to confer with General Hope about li
cense, &c. Note, I had met General Hope at dinner at
Mr. Cooke's. He declared himself to have been an intimate
friend of the late Col. Williamson ; to have heard him speak
much and affectionately of me ; to have greatly desired my
acquaintance. Gave me his address, &c. To Mrs. Ons
low's, about two and a half miles, new road. Au retour pres
five. Called again at the War-office to see General H.,
having been told by the porter that he would certainly be
in at that hour. His carriage waiting at the door. Denied !
Dinner chez nous with B. scul. Koe came in, and we read
Thierrie. B. always goes to bed at eleven, at which hour,
of course, I come down to my room. Wrote to you, and
for you, and about you till two.
22. Sir Mark came in at twelve lo apologize for his de
fault on Sunday. Walked with him lo be introduced to

90 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Signora  ; truly a very lovely woman ; native of
Corsica; widow of a British officer; peut etre thirty-two;
pari Ital., French, and English ; une physionomie Ires in-
terressante ; nous y renconlrames four autres dames estran-
geres. Walked with the general lo Tottenham Court Road,
having twice egared on the way. We parted. To Ons
low's — ^je la trouve superlement mise et au beaucoup de
gout. Jouames Eches — ^je gagnai. Elle ne joua quelques
airs assez joliment sur la Harpe. Left at half past four.
In returning, stopped at Ridgway's. After dinner, read Thi
errie a little.
23. Castella came in and look breakfast. Stayed two
hours. Had received a very interesting letter from his
friend  , in Spain. He is to call again on Friday.
Many things proposed for consideration. Baron N. left
word that he had called at the particular request of the sis
ter of Sir W. Poultney. This another inquiry about Amer
ican laws. To Falieri's. After essaying an hour, he deter
mined to abandon this, his second work, and try again.
Note, I have already paid him £30 sterling ! ! Returning,
at M. Duval's, to thank her for the pretty manner in which
the picture was sent home. She said rolling injured it, and
she had procured a very handsome portfolio, made just to
receive it ; an attention which very much pleased me. To
Achaud's ; gave instructions about the letters they are to
write to Portsmouth, Falmouth, and Liverpool. To Reeves's,
who prayed me to dine. Engaged lo return after dinner.
Dinner chez nous B. scul. Koe enters at six. At seven
went to Reeves's. Gave him up his license. Claimed the
privileges of a British subject as a birthright, which I had a
right to resume, and gave him notice that I should go where
I pleased. This violent measure, however, grew out of his
suggestions. He promised to report the case lo Lord
Hawkesbury, who would probably refer it lo the attorney-
general. R. is to communicate to me the result. Returned
to lea. Read Thierrie with B. and K. When returning

OP AARON BURR, 91
home, called at Turnevelli's, the statuary, and engaged to
give him a fitting to-morrow.
24. Went to Turnevelli's. He vkfould have a mask. I
consented, because Benlham et others had. A very unpleas
ant ceremony. To Sir Mark's ; he was sitting down to break
fast. Walked together. Called at Herries and Farquar'?,
James's- street, agents of the late Col, Charles Williamson,
to see for letters from Theodosia. None ! none I Return
ing with G,, found a note from Baron Norton, requesting an
interview. No doubt some law business. Wrote him to
call at twelve to-morrow. Sir Mark had engaged me to call
on Signora B. Just as we were going out, casting my eyes
in the mirror I observed a great purple mark on my nose.
Went up and washed it, and rubbed it — all lo no purpose.
Il was indelible. That cursed mask business has occasioned
it. I believe the fellow used quicklime instead of plaster of
Paris, for I fell a very unpleasant degree of heal during the
operation. I sent Sir Mark off, resolved lo see no signora
till the proboscis be in order. Wrote Ons., with whom I had
engaged lo pass the evening, apologizing. Sent Tom with
the packet for S., to be put into the mail for Falmouth. Also
a letter for E. in French. Dinner with Benlham, Koe being
gone to Hamstead. I have been applying a dozen different
applications lo the nose, which have only inflamed it. How
many curses have I heaped on that Italian. Read to B.
review of Leckie's work, which took till nine. K. came in,
and we finished Thierrie. I shall go early to bed (say
twelve), in hopes to sleep off my nosology.
25. Did not get to bed till one. Rose at nine. Nose the
same. At eleven, went to Turnevelli's to sit. Relieved my
self by abusing him for the nose disaster. He bore it like
one conscious, and endeavoured lo console me by slating
that the same thing happened lo Lord Melville and to sev
eral others, and that the appearance passed off in a few
days. Took a hack, not liking to walk and exhibit my
nose. Staved two hours \Yith Turnevelli. He will make a

92 PRIVATE JOURNAL
most hideous, frightful thing, but much like the original.
After leaving T., being unfit for any reasonable thing, rode
to Madame O.'s lo apprize her  . Rode to F.'s to give
him a written memorandum of the defects, and containing
precise directions. Stayed at Madame O.'s till nine. On
return home, B. was writing. Couche.
26. Called at the house which C. gave me as his resi
dence. The lady said he did not lodgfe there, she not being
able to accommodate his family ; that is, his niece. Home
to dress for dinner, being engaged to General Picton at the
Tower Coffee-house. Went there, the nose notwithstand
ing, at 5-y-Capt. Charles Smith, Baron Montalberl, who had
served in St. Domingo, and said De Pestre was one of his
officers, i. e., under his command. Spoke of De Pestre
handsomely, but not in the warm terms which his virtues,
his courage, and his talents merit. Also Dr.  , an Irish
gentleman who was in the medical department of Trinidad,
with Picton, and his particular friend. A frank, intelligent
man. General Picton was governor of Trinidad, and had
here a very unpleasant lawsuit, on a charge for applying tor
ture to a mulatto girl to extort a confession of a theft lo
which there was reason to believe she was a party. The
ministry did not support him.
I come back to Friday lo say that Baron Norton, agreea
bly to my appointment, called promptly at twelve. His er
rand was to inquire about the estate of the late Lady Buth,
the daughter of Sir W. Poultney, and particularly as to the
laws of descent in New-York. He is Judicial Baron of
Scotland, whither he is going in a few days. Gave me his
address, and offered me all sort of civilities. Mrs. Norton,
his wife, is a niece of the late Sir W. P. Perhaps a sister.
No, il is niece, and sister of the late Lady Buth.
Our dinner was a very good one, of three changes, and
four kinds of wine. Being in very bad order for society, I
left them before coffee. Just spoke to B. and come to my
room. After ruminating and doing nothing for two hours —

OP AARON BURR. 93
to bed. In the course of the day called at Mrs. W.'s and
found her in tears, with a gentleman by her side, consoling
her in his manner, and from which I supposed something
very melancholy had happened. He went off, and on in
quiring the cause, which was too long to be written, I found
it so ridiculous that I scolded and laughed at her till she also
laughed. 27. Sent Tom lo Walbrooke lo Madame W., which is his
daily tour. At twelve called on Reeves. He showed me a
letter from Col. Jenkinson about my pretensions as a British
subject. Dampier has given opinion that I may resume at
pleasure. The lord-chancellor, Eldon, that 1 cannot, and
am for ever an alien. The attorney-general is doubting.
Lord Hawkesbury thinks the claim monstrous, I begin to
think the policy of this movement very doubtful, I am out
of all patience at being detained in town, and am in danger
of wearying out my great and good friend Bentham.
From Reeves's walked on to visit the donna ; but, recol
lecting my nose, walked home. Tom hM brought a letter
from Graves, who is a most indefatigable and good creature.
At two went over Westminster Bridge, and through South-
wark to the London Bridge, Then round by the Tower,
which I had never before seen. It is surrounded by a ditch,
through which the Thames water flows; but it would not re
sist an enemy provided with heavy cannon for twenty-four
hours. It may do very well to keep the lions and state prison
ers. Came back by Blackfriars' and Westminster Bridges,
and got home safe at four, having walked, as your map will
show you, at least eight miles. Dinner below, B, and K.
went up, and, against my advice, began the reading of the
Preface and Eloge of Thierrie, B, got asleep, and I, ap
proaching lo il, came down to bring up my journal for the last
three days,
28, Nose a little improved. Sent Tom lo Graves for
the Laws of the State of New-York, and lo Miller, boot
maker. It is now five weeks since I put into Miller's hands

94 PRIVATE JOURNAL
some of Bellamy's leather for a pair of boots. One pair,
which I could not gel on, were sent and were returned.
Since that I have had daily promises, but no boots. The
shoes, which cost 17 shillings sterhng, I could not wear,
and have given them away. Thus it is with every mechanic
I have employed in London, except my tailor. Beck, who
lies a little, but far less than any other. Waited till one for
Tom's return, and then went lo T. Sat one hour. Worse
and worse. This was meant to please you ; but, if I had
suspected that I had become so ugly, I would sooner have —
Roved about for two hours, ruminating on this sort of non
existence and on you. E. A. too often accompanies me.
Got home safe at four. Mr. Elkton Hammond, merchant,
to dine with us. A very intelligent young man ; admiring
the works of B. Has two sisters ; one studies legislation,
the other chymistry. The chymist said to be pretty. I am
to dine there with B. on Thursday, when you shall hear
more of them. This is the first time of Bentham's dining
out. Mr. Slade sent me this morning a dozen Boston news
papers. What a nation of scoundrels you are, if one is to
believe the Gazettes.
29. I don't recollect to have told you that, on my return
from Weybridge, I had determined to set off immediately
for Scotland. Six weeks have elapsed, and I am apparently
(what scrawls ; I must try to do better, or this precious mem
orandum will be lost to you and lo the world) no nearer
departure than on the day of my return.
Castella called with his friend P. at eleven. Pra. is a
pleasant, amiable young man. Each a niece ! P, has of
fered me some interesting maps and papers. Had deter
mined to go to-day lo Weybridge ; but, having neglected to
secure a passage, the stage was full, &c. Went out at one
to hunt a chess-table ; bought one, which, after buying, I
found was not the thing. Gave it up on paying two shillings.
Home at two, A letter from Graves by Tom, American
news to November 8, by a schooner which run out of New-

OF AARON BURR, 95
York, the embargo notwithstanding. You go on exactly as
I expected, and as I declared four months ago. At three to
donna, Avery interesting woman ; a tall, graceful figure,
and the eyes and hair of Italian beauty. No rouge, but in
teresting physiognomy. If I were to stay in town, should
pass many hours with donna. To Falieri's at five. Thence
to Madame 0,'s, having taken, by way of dinner, a jelly and
biscuit on the way. Played two games of chess, and won
both. Got home at eight. Read with Bentham an hour in
Semple's Travels in Spain,
30. It is in the evening only that I write to you in this
manner. After writing what you see of yesterday, Koe came
into my room about twelve, and challenged me at chess.
We played till four this morning, I had ordered Anna to
wake me at seven. She called at the hour, I answered,
and slept on till ten. To Vickcey, the celebrated peruquier,
Covent Garden, to get a peruke for my country tour. Dress
ing my head in any fashion takes some time, and cannot be
done on a journey ; so I have taken again to the wig. Call
ed at Mrs. W.'s on my return. She says several have called
without leaving their names, perhaps some one with letters
from you ! The sight of your handwriting would make a
jubilee in my heart. Found there a letter from Mrs, Prevost,
and a very pretty one from Madame Godwin. Came home,
answered Mrs. G.'s. Wrote also to Guillemard, from whom
a second note came to-day. Found waiting for me in my
room Captain Smith, whose civilities are unremitted, and of
the most friendly kind. Went to Falieri's, He has tried
again, and I think has now succeeded. He has adopted an
improvement on my suggestion, which he now values very
much ; but I had great trouble to make him do so. To Ma
dame O.'s at five. Took tea, and played chess with 0. Got
home at nine. Found that D. M. Randolph had called. What
can have brought him ? I am, however, most heartily glad
he has come. I was just going to write him to come. He
has been for some time at Bath. Read with B. and K. an

96 PRIVATE JOURNAL
hour in Semple. Wrote Mrs. Prevost. The nose improves
apace; hope it will be exhibitable to-morrow, and be fit for
inspection of the legislatrix and the chy mistress. Bon soir!
TO MRS. PREVOST. London, November 19, 1808.
It is impossible, my dear friend, lo apologize for this long
silence. You may consider it as some palliation that I have
daily had my own reproaches ; and, indeed, I could have
written you nothing of myself but a history of unimportant
vexations. When we parted, it was my intention lo have
passed only four days in this city ; and lo ! a month has
passed, and I am no nearer departure than on the day of
my arrival. It is something about passports, which shall be
communicated personally. Nothing has been refused lo
me ; nay, everything has been promised, but nothing has
been granted, and il is presumed that I am kept in good-
humour by fair words and good dinners.
It gave me great pleasure to learn that Sir George had
been ordered to the West Indies. He has been so much
habituated lo tropical climates, that he has nothing lo ap
prehend on the score of health ; and, whenever he shall be
called into active service, he cannot fail to acquire honour
and preferment. You must think as I do on this subject,
though you may feel differently. I have lately mingled
much with military men, and I find the confidence in his
military talents to be universal ; a sentiment so general and
so strong cannot fail lo produce some effect. I have very
often the satisfaction of adding the sanction of my unimpor
tant opinion. If the wan should continue for another year,
I hope to see him called to higher destinies.
I am quite in despair about your amiable friend. Miss
Mallet; rather, it should be said, about myself, as regards
all hope of her friendship, or even a further acquaintance.
By my own folly and indolence, I lost the charming occa
sion which was offered at your house. On my return to

OF AARON BURR. 97
town I called on her and found her in a large circle pf,
company. At two other visits she was abroad, ^and I am
told by her friends that it is always so. That the charms
of her conversation attract a levee whenever she, is visible
at home, and that the goodness of her heart involves her so
much in the services of her distant friends, that she has
more business on hand than any minister of slate. Now,
under such a regime, what chance has such a pilgrim as I ?
living, too, at the distance of near three miles from her.
Yes, I now recollect that I have one idle story to make
you laugh ; but, as the drama is scarcely yet begun, we can
not exactly foresee what character of folly it may assume.
You must remember that I leazed you, and all your acr
quainlance whom I met at Weybridge, with inquiries about
the honourable Mrs. Bruce ; a lady who travels with six
horses and as many servants, who had condescended to
seek mv acquaintance under that name. Having heard
nothing from you or from any one of your circle respecting
such a personage, though said to live within three miles of
Weybridge, I had totally forgotten as well the subject of
the inquiry as the circumstances which led to it. No
wonder that you could give no information. There is no
such person ! The lady who assumed that name has now
made known her real one. Though the disclosure was
made three days ago, I have not yet availed myself of the
information. Yet, be assured, you shall hear more of it. I
have reason to suspect, however, that there is nothing in the
incident which ought to flatter my vanity.
The health of my poor daughter — the loss of her health,
I mean — is a constant source of distress lo me. Nothing
has been heard from her since I saw you. The packet is
hourly expected, and with what solicitude no one knows
better than yourself. In the mean lime, having taken the
advice of physicians here, I have written, advising her to
come forthwith to England. If she should not be much
worse or much better at the receipt of my letter, she will
Vol. L— E

98 PRIVATE JOURNAL
come. 'You perceive how much anxiety I have prepared
for myself by advising a winter passage.
Though I began this letter imagining I had nothing to
say, yet I now find a deal more which I wish to say ; but
this is already of such unusual and unconscionable length,
that it must, for the present, be deferred. You shall not
have to reproach me with another month's silence. I have
been hving all this while with my great and good friend
Bentham. He is an inexhaustible mine of science and wis
dom. He must be dead a hundred years before he will be
known ; and then he will be adored.
We have had no opportunity to talk over the Gunn party.
I was very much amused. I am certainly much indebted
to Mr. Gunn for the civilities shown me, and still more for
those which he offered. But will this letter never be. fin
ished? Yes, my dear madam, it is done.
A. Burr
TO THEODOSIA.
London, November 21, 1808.
The Hopewell actually sailed on Wednesday the 16th;
and, I am concerned to add, that the little parcels were all
left. That as little as possible may be left to hazard, I enclose
a copy (facsimile) of that letter, and also of the one therein
enclosed for Mr. Alston. If both should be received, you
may forward to him both or one only, as you please ; but
the letter lo him of this date, on another subject, must be
forwarded. I dined on Friday with Mrs. Duval, en famille. Ourselves
and her two sons composed the parly. One is a lawyer,
Lewis Duval, No. 16 Oldbuildings, Lincoln's Inn. The
other a custom-house officer ; both amiable. The former
very intelligent. They have been extremely kind lo me.
I mention the residence of Lewis, that, in case of your arri
val in this port, you may, if you should find it necessary, an-

OF AARON BURR. 99
nounce yourself to him instead of Mallet. He would see
you without delay, and take pleasure in being useful lo you.
Mrs. Duval had requested a sight of your picture, and I had
sent it there. It was put up in a good light, and had more
of my attention than the dinner or the company. I am happy
to tell you that it is in perfect preservation.
In advising you to come here, I have endeavoured to lake
a view of everything connected with the subject. You will,
nevertheless, act your discretion, but it is my belief that there
is no other chance of your recovery, Euid I have a strong
persuasion that before you were here two months you would
be well. It will be a dull day to me on which I shall hear
that you are not coming. Yet I repeat that it is you who
must finally decide. If you should have a tutor perfectly to
your mind, bring him with you. Notwithstanding the ob
jections made to the pere Bab, I should not be sorry that it
were him. But he must give up vin Bourdeaux and come
to beer, or at least some vin Portuguis. '
The memorandum of books lo be brought with you was
omitted in my last, but shall be subjoined hereto. Il would
delight an English author to see an American edition. Some
of the writings of Godwin, of Miss Edgeworth, and of Miss
Owenson, I know have been republished in the United
States. You will see all these personages. Mr. G. ex
pressed to me a strong desire to have such an edition. This
reminds me lo say that I have seen the two daughters of
Mary Wolstoncraft. They are very fine children (the eldest
no longer a child, being now fifteen), but scarcely a discern
ible trace of the mother. Mr. Godwin has been seven or
eight years married lo a second wife ; a sensible, amiable
woman, by whom he has a son, a remarkably fine boy.
Your picture of Mary is finer than the original, and he says
a better likeness. ='
I hope you will sometimes communicate to E. A. what
ever you think will amuse and interest. The letters which
I receive from 61 are shown to at least one person. Tell
E 2

100 PRIVATE JOURNAL
him so. I am now ten weeks and more without news from
you. How many changes may have taken place ! You
may be well ; you may be worse.
This goes by packet, the mail for which is made up to
day. What shall I do about writing to you again, believing,
as I shall, that you will be on the ocean ? As there is a
possibility that you may not come, it would, in such a case,
be afflicting to have you four months without news from
me. Let us do thus: I will write 71, and will direct the
person to whom they may be enclosed to deliver them to you
in case, &c., and I now order you lo open them, and, after
perusing, send them on.
My amiable friend Bentham is a botanist. Bring a hand
ful of the Pecan or Illinois nut ; of the butternut, the black
walnut, the hickory nut, or shellbark. A handful of each.
A handful, indeed ! why, your little paw could not possibly
hold more than two black walnuts or butternuts. Bring,
then, forty or fifty of each, A few English walnuts of Amer
ican growth might be a curiosity. One very large and hand
some ear of Indian corn. You may think of olher things.
Perhaps nothing would divert him more than a Malta cat.
He is fond of cats, and has never seen one of that breed.
Neither have you, to my knowledge. If you should have
on board some of your favourite tea, or other contraband
article for your own use, the best way is to mention the
thing lo Mr. Fox if you should arrive at Falmouth, or to
Mr. Lees if at Liverpool, and you will have no difficulty.
I have not been able to find here that kind of tea. Your
clothes will be in fashion. White dresses (muslins, cali
coes) are universal. When in the street, hideous crimson
pelisses and shawls. Those precious handkerchiefs are all
safe, and are kept for you. The bundle was never opened
till a few weeks ago.
I am always full of trouble at the moment of despatching
letters, being always a httle too late, of which you have had
too many examples. It is only to you, however. My let-

OF AARON BURR. 101
ters to Others are always ready ; but towards you, a desire to
say something at the last moment — a reluctance resembling
that of parting ; but all this you know and feel.
Lest some evil demon should detain you, it is necessary
to say something more of money. If you should find it im
possible lo come, remit to me all the money which may
arise from the fund in your hands except one thousand dol
lars, which you will retain for your own use. That is five
hundred dollars out of the first, and five hundred out of the
second payment. If you shall, in your wisdom, see cause
to remit to me any part of this 1000 dollars, you must, at
the same time, direct me how to lay it out here for you ;
not in general terms, but in specified articles. You will
want books, and you will want bagatelles for cadets-; but be
as particular as possible. Not one of the commissions
which you gave me has been forgotten, though not one has
been executed.
At Halifax, the whole town was in a bustle to get me a
good Newfoundland dog. More than thirty were brought
me for instructions, but not one suited. There is no new
treatise of any value on electricity or on sound, except what
is found in books on the various branches of philosophy.
To come back to the money. Though I have proposed to
you to remit J. B., yet, as he is not a man of business in
the mercantile sense, the bills had, I think, belter be in the
name of John L. Mallet, Esq., Somerset House, London.
I am now writing in Mr. B.'s room and by his side. He
wills it so, insisting that there is a sort of social intercourse
in sitting near, and looking now and then at each other,
though we are separately and ever so intensely employed.
It is certainly so.
I shall immediately, that is to-morrow, send a letter for
you to Liverpool, to be forwarded by the first ship, and then
I am off for a few weeks — first to Weybridge, then to Ox
ford and Cambridge, perhaps even to Edinburgh, for eight
days. But letters by the packet, which has been for ten

102 PRIVATE JOURNAL
days hourly expected, may overturn the whole of this pro
ject. If we are not to meet here, you must indemnify me
in some degree by copious letters. Write me of the politics
of the country, and of anything which concerns my friends.
Above all, some details of yourself. Here are six months
gone, and I have scarcely ten lines from you.
Another day of grace allows me to add a few more last
words. The packet mail is detained till to-morrow evening,
by the arrival of the mail from New- York. That packet
which has been so long and so anxiously expected has at
length arrived. I have been hours running about, hunting
for letters ; but, alas ! not one from you. You may imagine
my stale of desolation at such a disappointment. Yet I hope
that your letters and others from New- York may have been
intrusted to some passenger who has not yet got lo town, or
may not yet have found me out. The only good news which
this packet brings me respecting any American friend is,
that the business of E. A. has been successfully terminated.
On this and its consequences I beg you to write a pretty
congratulatory letter. A. Burr.
FROM MRS. A, PREVOST. Weybridge, November 25, 1808.
I should not answer so soon your tardy letter, my dear
sir, were I not anxious to know if the last packet has brought
you any from your daughter, with a favourable account of
her health, which I sincerely wish may be the case. I had
a letter from Lady Prevost of 6th of October by the sloop-
of-war. My son was out at that time, fully occupied with
the promotion of the expedition, which the public papers
say is not lo take place ; and I am bad enough to rejoice at
it. Such are the feehngs of a mother. Not a Macedonian
one. If you have nothing belter to do, come here, to procure
me the pleasure of introducing my youngest son and his
wife to you. They arrived here last night from Bath.

OF AARON BURR. 103
You'll have an opportunity of thanking the Gunns, great
and small, for their civility ; and I promise you harmony
and liberty. Your own hand is preferable lo the fictitious
one. In haste, and very sincerely, A. Prevost.
TO MRS. PREVOST. London, November 30, 1808.
It is very kind of you, my dear madam, to write me so
soon, or, indeed, to write at all, seeing my many defaults.
I thank you particularly for the notice of your son's arrival,
and shall, with very great pleasure, avail myself of the occa
sion to be made known to him. Expect me by the morning
coach of Saturday ; to be at your disposal for that day, and
a part, at least, of the following.
Not a line from my daughter by the last packet, though
she is the most punctual of all correspondents. This cir
cumstance would fill me with gloomy apprehensions were
it not for the incidental mention of her name in the letter
of a friend. I yet hope that her letters may have been con
fided to some passenger who has not found me out.A. Burr.
JOURNAL.
London, December 1, 1808. Up at seven — breakfast at
eight. Some hopes of reform. To Turnevelli's — abroad.
I am glad of it; for I would give five guineas that the thing
were demolished.
2. To D. M. R. at eleven ; not quite so mad as yesterday,
yet a little out. Preparing a poem, which he consents to let
lie by for some months. A very civil note from Guille
mard, to which replied. Wrote several other notes. Sent
trunks to get belter locks. So much trouble as I had to get
trunks, and the locks worth nothing. To T.'s, who had been
to hunt me. Sat only twenty minutes. He is determined
to go through with it. Tries to encourage me. Finds it
wonderfully like Voltaire ; but all won't do. It is a horrid

104 PRIVATE JOUNRAL
piece of< deformity. To Fal. ; not ready. To Miss Mallet.
The most rationaV being I have seen. Stayed a whole hour,
and greatly pleased with her. Good breeding and social
talents in a degree very rare. (Why don't I go there
oftener ? Because I do nothing that I wish or intend.) At
five, to Col. Charles Smith's ; seven. Col. Kearney, a re
spectable, quiet subject, living thirty miles from London.
Dr. Flanagan, who was in Trinidad with Picton, whom he
represents to be a man of rigid integrity and great disinter
estedness. Took no fees or perquisites while governor.
Such a man will not suit, and hence out of favour. Dr. F.
is a sprightly, sensible, frank, well-informed man. Ten
dered many civilities. An abominable tale was told of the
Prince of Wales, of the annuity of £200 to  , the fa
mous groom and jockey. General  , who has gone to
command at Lisbon. His eulogy — Shaving the Seapoys —
was secretary in Ireland. General Picton has two brothers
in Wales. One a private gentleman, the other a clergy
man. Three brothers, Pictons.
3. Had very carefully put M. Achaud's letter, my hand
kerchiefs, and other small articles in the pockets of the coat
I intended to wear. Anna had put my room in order before
I got down. After being two hours on the road, missed my
handkerchiefs, and, upon examination, discovered that I had
taken the wrong coat. What a curse to have two coats at
a time. . But the letter ; the letter of Madam A. to P. !
Met at Brentford the coach going to town. Engaged the
driver for half a crown to go to Benlham's for the letter.
Wrote K. to give him it. Breakfasted at Brentford. A
sensible ; elderly lady in the coach, going lo Mrs. Merry's,
Chelsea. This cannot be our Madame Merry. Arrived at
Weybridgeiat one, having been five hours on the road. Dis
tance twentyrone miles. This is the usual rate of stage-
coaching in this country, except the mail.
At Mrs. Prevosl's, her son Lieut. Col. William Prevost
and wife; an Irish lady, Miss Hamilton. Her father now

OF AARON BURR. 105
at  in Somerset, one British merchant in Liverpool,
one very young merchant at Quebec, making a fortune out
of the embargo. She offered a letter for you to her brother
in Liverpool, in case you should land there. Dinner at five
en famille. Cards ; au soir.
In the forenoon walked with Mrs. Prevost. Met several
Gunns, but not EHza. After returning, went to Gunn's.
He abroad. Madame and the five daughters chez elle.
All very accomplished. All talents. The mother and
Eliza superior. Came home to the tavern at eleven. I
refused a bed at Mrs. Prevosl's, being more at my ease to
smoke my segar and tell little Theodosia what I have been
about. But I don't tell half nor a quarter. These are only
notes to write from. Afraid lo write out.
Sunday, 4. Breakfasted at Mrs. P.'s. Walked through
Oatland's Park to Walton, lo see Mr. O'Callahan. Stopped
at the outer Park gale, and got a passage after much difficulty.
Mr. and Madame O'C. abroad. M'lle. chez elle et comme me
paroitunpeu S. Urged to dine. Mr. Gunn came in ; going
out, met Mr. O'C, who, with Gunn, walked with me over the
commons, not choosing to try the Park on my return. Point
ed out to me on an eminence, about one mile distant, a place
formerly the residence of Edward III., and afterward of
Cardinal Wolsey, now the property of a broker, who has
taken down the ancient structures, and put up a modern
house in very bad taste.
Near Weybridge met Madame Gunn and five daughters,
with whom walked in the Park, and went to see the kanga
roos and other beasts. Called on Mr. Bissett, once a very
respectable clergyman at New- York, now corrector of the
press to a printing-office in Weybridge. He went home
with me and stayed till five. Dinner chez Madame Prevost-
y-Col, R. et ux. Captain  et ux. Came home at nine.
Mr. Gunn sent me a letter for his steward in Ireland. M'lle.
 gave letter to her brother at Liverpool, lo whom she also
wrote about Theodosia. The last letter from M. Achaud
E3

106 PRIVATE JOURNAL
to M. P. came by this day's mail, but charged with post
age !
5. Got in stage at half past seven. Breakfasted at Brents
ford. Arrived at half past eleven. Thus you may see the
rate of travelling. Stage-fare going and coming, fourteen
shillings sterling. To the coachman two shillings ; bill at
Weybridge eleven shillings and sixpence ; maid two shil
lings and sixpence ; two breakfasts, three shillings ; and
extra two shillings and sixpence to the driver, who took my
letter 'to Benlham. Total, thirty-five shillings and sixpence,
though I lived at Mrs. P.'s.
Took coach at Charing Cross, and went to Madame W.'s.
My little villain, Tom, had been without orders and taken
up my letters. Home at one. Found a letter from Guille
mard, transmitting the laws of New- York, and an invitation
lo dine to-morrow, which I was obliged to refuse. Sor. at
two — to the Tower Coffee-house, Bond-street, to see Dr.
Flanagan. Denied that he lived there, though he gave it to
me as his address. To Miss Mallet, with Mrs. Prevosl's
letter — abroad ; to Major General Picton's — abroad ; lo Fa
lieri's, where stayed an hour. Still not done. Returning,
called at M. Achaud's ; nobody at home. Quod mirum !
By way of dinner, three oysters, jelly, and cake. Called at
Godwin's at five, knowing that he dines at four. Found
them at tea, and joined — the three daughters and little son.
Agreed with madame for rendezvous to-morrow at eleven
at Mr. Lamb's rooms.* He is a writer, and lives with a
maiden sister, also literaire, in a fourth story. Forgot ; on
my way from Achaud's, called on D. M. R., and walked half
an hour with him. Mad again on poetry and politics. Chez
nous eight. Read an hour in the Edinburgh Review of the
life of Washington. Spent two hours in hunting for some
bank bills, my whole stock, and finally gave them up as lost.
Found them when and where least expected.
6. At eleven to meet Madame G, Met at the door of the
* Since the celebrated Charles Lamb.

^ OP AARON BURR. 107
place. Walked about the Temple, which comprises a large
irregular square. Several small courts and alleys. Many
handsome buildings. Two gardens on the banks of the
Thames, very pretty. Madame had found a more convenient
place at the house of Mr. Norris, treasurer of something.
A handsome parlour. Passed an hour talking over the af
fairs of Mr. G. Walked with her to Holborn, and then went
to Turnevelli's, where sat an hour. Home at four. Caught
in the rain, having yesterday left my umbrella at Brentford
— no doubt lost.
Dinner B. and K. Read out the review of the life of
Washington by Marshall and Ramsay. The review is full
as stupid, and as illy written, as either of the books. Came
down to bring up your journal, lest such important incidents
should not be recorded. I know you will rave like a little
Juno if you are not told what I do, and where I go every
day. I could write six or eight very amusing pages of the
incidents of the last three days, but they must be said and
not written. Sir M. G. cafled on me just as I got home to
day, and gave me his address at his new lodgings. Yesterday
called at O.'s ; she was engaged. Have not seen donna, but
Tiear that she is very ill,
[My journal is four days in arrear. Half will be forgotten.
This is Saturday evening. I will try to recollect.]
7. Rose at ten. Such is the mode in London. Out at
one. Going up Haymarket, met 0., and walked with her
half an hour. Went to the stagehouse to inquire for my
umbrella, but with little hope. It was there, brought by the
coachman. How very honest people are here, and yet I am
cheated most impudently every hour. Met Sir Mark, and
walked an hour with him. To Turnevelli's— not at home.
Shall never be done with that fellow, and yet he tries his
best ; but the strange irregularities and deformities of the
face defies all art. To O.'s for ten minutes, to say I would
come to-morrow. To Sir M. Gerard's to dine ; plagued to
find the house. Like a true Irishman, he had mistaken his

108 PRIVATE JOURNAL
address. Thesame happened with Dr. Flanagan on Mon
day. Monsieur  , the host of Sir Mark, has seen belter
days. He is now one of the pensioners of this government.
Sa femme, a pretty, amiable Angloise, who speaks French
perfectly. Left Sir G. at eight, and went by way of Gray's Inn to
Godwin's, where stayed till ten, and then at a very rapid rate
home — twenty-six minutes by the watch, being near three
miles. Two shillings to beggar girls. Just said bon soir
to B., and came to my room. Chess with K. till one. Sat
up two hours after, packing up. Shall I ever get out of
town to make this long-projected tour ? Yes, on Saturday
evening, pos.
8. Wrote to Reeves, and left his letter at his house, he
not being at home. Before going out. Graves came in lo
tell me that the mail for the packet would close at five P. M.
this day ; yet, instead of sitting down lo write to you, you
see what I did. To Madame Duval's. Called at Beetham's,
and got my picture of Catharine L. To Reeves's ; he was
reading my letter, and begged me to dine, being then past
four. I told him my distress about the packet. He sent a
messenger to inquire. The mail would close at five, bu*
sailing orders would not go till to-morrow's mail, and he is
to get your letter along with those of government. So stayed
to dine. Left them at seven, under pretence of my great
importance lo write, and went off three miles to O.'s, where
I stayed till ten. Two games of chess, and was beat in both
games, though I tried my best. Home at eleven.
9. Castella came and look breakfast with me. Sent him
off, being busy ; engaged to walk with him at eight to-mor
row morning. Had omitted to send yesterday to Mrs. W,
Tom brought me the note of General Hope: Enclosed your
letter and E, A.'s to Mr. Reeves, To Horse Guards to meet
General Hope by appointment. An explanation was given.
To testify his intimacy with Col. Wilhamson, he showed
me the very chiffre which I had given Williamson. Many

OP AARON BURR. 109
courtesies and two letters for Scotland. Chez nous half
past four. Dinner Bentham and Koe. Post meridian, went
to see Godwin. Stayed till nine. Took tea. The children
all very glad to see Gamp. Home at ten.
10. Just as I had done breakfast Castella came in. At
ten began our march. Walked to Pultney. Saw Th.
only. He sick and the child at school. Came off in a
wherry at twelve, and got to Weybridge in fifty minutes.
Distance by water six miles. Gamp, has walked a great
deal and is tired — now two o'clock. He will finish in the
morning. When shall I begin my journey 1 Alas ! alas I
Saturday, 10, continued. On the way lo Pultney we pass
through the small towns of Chelsea, Battersea, and Fulham.
At the last, cross a bridge over the Thames. The return
by water is very beautiful. To Turnevelli's at two. I wish
I never had began with him. To Falieri's. He has suc
ceeded very well, except the colour. Home at five. The
whole evening with K., scul. At eleven came down to my
room. Read newspapers one hour. The poor Dons came
out, as I told you. Whether the British will get safe off is
now the question.
1 1 . Slept like a log till ten, and iheti was called. This
atmosphere is certainly narcotic. You see all along how
enormously I have slept. Captain Percival called and stayed
an hour. Went to see the donna ; she had gone to mass.
Called at Bridgwater's and Grimstone's. Neither of them
in town, but Grimstone expected. Nevertheless, I will go to
St. Alban's to-morrow to see him. His daughters are very
sensible, amiable women. Went by Oxford to Holborn,
and took coach to Smithfield to see for a passage to St, Al
ban's, Engaged a seat, and also a bed at the Angel Inn, to
go at four to-morrow morning. To Godwin's, and spent
half an hour with Mr, J. G. ; then walked home by way of
Covent Garden to avoid the Strand, which is for ever so
crowded and so dirty that there's no getting on with com
fort. Dinner B, and K,

110 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Immediately after dinner to work packing up. Wrote a
long letter to M, L. D, about Mr,-Godwin's business. At
ten all ready. Took leave of B., and sent for a hack to
transport me and my trunk, being, as you will see by your
map, three good miles. No coach was lo be had. Went
myself— no coach ; so here is Gamp,, at two in the morn
ing, at Queen's Square Place, writing nonsense to T, B. A,,
having let all his fire go out and the last candle just gone,
I have ordered Ann to wake me at seven. For what ? When
shall I get off?
12. Ann did call me at seven ; but I slept, nevertheless,
a I'Anglois, till past nine. Sent off Tom with notes written
last night, but dated this morning, to M. J. G. and Mr. Graves,
enclosing to him my letter to Davis, Tom is lo bring word
of the hour of the stage going to Gaddesden, being deter
mined to go somewhere to-day, Tom did not return till one,
and brought word that the stage would go at half past one ;
so got coach and went off at a great rate. The stage had
been gone ten minutes before I got there, Quoi faire ? Re
solved not to go back to Q. S, P. I thought I would go and
hunt for some coach, going any hour to-day or night ; but,
having no place to put my trunk, was obliged to keep the
coach. After running about for two hours and spending
nine shillings in coach hire, I discovered, what at any stage-
house they might have told us, that no coach would go to
Gaddesden till one P. M. to-morrow. Persisting in not go
ing lo Q. S. P., I e'en sat down with my trunk at the stage
tavern in Oxford-street. After depositing my trunk and or
dering a fire in my room, sallied forth once more lo F.'s, then
lo see Graves. Took coffee with Graves, a very respect
able and intelligent young man, and extremely obliging. He
makes inquiries, and does me many kind offices, which save
me a deal of trouble. He is, I believe, a broker. The
mother was there ; a very comely, decent Quakeress. The
mother of eight or ten grown children. It is wonderful how
the women bear in this country. In all my stage rambling

OF AARON BURR. Ill
to-day, I could not discover how to get to York. Graves has
undertaken for me.
Thursday is the day fixed for my grand tour to Scotland,
Ireland, Wales, &c. On my way home look musk of a very
indifferent quality, ten shillings. Got home to the tavern at
eight, and ordered coffee again, having only dined on a jelly,
cake, and tart. Great debate whether I would have it in my
room or must descend to the coffee-room. Note — I am in
the third story, what is here called second floor. Finally,
the lady relaxed, and I had my coffee chez moi. Tobacco
interdicted ; but I ventured to smoke my pipe up the chim
ney, with a window open. No segar to be had. Tobacco
very bad, something more than a dollar a pound. The Vir
ginians would, at this time, be glad to get ten cents per
pound for tobacco of much better quality. A bed, with very
dirty sheets, to which I objected ; but the maid assured me,
upon her honour, that they were very clean, and that she
put them on herself. So I am bound to think them clean ;
but shall, nevertheless, not undress. It is quite impractica
ble lo get a good fire in any tavern.
At ten, took bread, and cheese, and cider, by way of sup
per. Wrote all this, and, after writing two letters lo my
Gaddesden friends, having a presentiment that I shall not
get there, shall coucher. Since beginning the preceding
page, the servants have been three different times in my room
to inquire whether they should put out my candles. To
the first message I replied, very distinctly, that I always put
out my own candles, and desired that I might not be again
interrupted. This did not defend me against the two subse
quent intrusions. The object of this affected civility is lo
save one inch of tallow. This very rigid calculation is
universal. 13. Rose at nine. No soap. Asked for a piece lo wash
hands. The maid said soap was so dear that she could not
give it without leave, but she would go and ask her mistress,
which I forbid, but gave her two shillings to go and buy me

112 PRIVATE JOURNAL
a piece. She " would tell the footman," Every one in their
department, A cake of soap was brought for fifteen pence,
which will probably last me three months. Had my break
fast in my room, and at eleven went out. To Yickey's to
get the wig made more scratchlike and less dressy. To
cabinet-maker's about that same chessboard. Returned to
the tavern at one, and found the stage at the door. One shil
ling to the waiter, and bid him bring down my trunk and put
it in the stage. He brought it down, but at the door hand
ed it to the porter, who handed it to the coachman, this be
ing the porter's department. Twopence to the porter. At
Hamel Hempstead (look at your map) found a beer club of
about a dozen, smoking and drinking ale. Joined them.
Took my pipe and called for my pint of beer. They bring
a pipe, with a small bowl filled with tobacco. The tobacco
is never put on ihe table. The maid fills it and hands it to
you ; for each pipeful a halfpenny (about one cent), pint of
beer threepence.
Arrived at Little Gaddesden at eight. A note lo Bartlelt,
inquiring, &c., and that I should call in half an hour. He
being abroad, it was opened by Madame Barllett, who im
mediately sent a servant lo conduct me. But, lo be in pre
cise order with my friend G., I went first to his house ; there
found a party of ten gentlemen over their wine, of which it
appeared they had then drank quan, suf. Bartlett and
M'Carthy were there ; also Halsey, M.P., lately married
(two years ago) lo a wealthy and pretty heiress, whose name
he assumed ; Dr.  and his son (a lieutenant of navy).
After twenty minutes went to Bartlett's, where found Mad.
B. and Madame Span. Took tea and passed the evening.
At ten, Barllett, M'Carthy, &c., came in. Urged to take bed
both here and at Major G.'s ; but, intending to set off at six
in the moming, preferred the tavern, where, after great efforts,
I got a very small fire. Asked for more coal. The mistress
of the house brought up in her hand two pieces, each about
the size of a biscuit. Got a bottle of very good cider, and

OP AARON BURR. 113
sat down to write to Bartlelt, desiring him to apologize for
rne to Lord Bridgwater. To bed at two.
14. Rose at six; set off at seven. I sleep very soundly
in these stagecoaches. By sleeping, however, forgot to ask
for my umbrella, which I had left at Stanmore. Took
breakfast at Edgeware. Coffee, bread and butter, one shil
ling and threepence. If you have an egg or any other ar
ticle, it is charged in addition. Arrived at twelve at the
Bell and Crown, Holborn, where left my trunk till I should
see about getting off to-morrow. Went on lo the Berwick
wharf in Burr-street. The packet coarse ; passage twenty-
nine shillings for half a birth, thirty-nine for a whole one.
You are found in provisions. Stagecoaches go every morn
ing at seven for York, &c. Doubting which mode lo adopt,
walked back to the Bell and Crown. Paid twopence for
leaving my trunk. Took hack and drove lo Queen's Square
Place at four. Received in the most affectionate manner.
How inexhaustible is the goodness of Bentham. Hur
ried to dress, being engaged to dine with Judge Thorpe at
Putney. Walked there and arrived just before six, being
five miles. They had despaired of me, and just sat down
to dinner. At eight returned by the Richmond coach, which
goes every hour from eight A. M, to eight P, M. Thorpe
and Castella along. Got home before ten. An hour with
Bentham to give an account of myself.
[From the 14th to 21st December the journal is missing.]
FROM THEODOSIA. Pelham, December 5, 1808.
No packet has arrived since I last wrote to you, therefore
r can only repeat my grateful and heartfelt acknowledgments
for your presents. I have not yet, indeed, recovered from
my amazement at the lightness of the steel tongs, &c. It
still appears to me incredible that iron can be rendered so
light. I think them, without exception, the greatest curiosity
I ever beheld ; nor is it speaking in hyperbole at all : for

114 PRIVATE JOURNAL
truly my astonishment is as great as the expressions of it
are unfeigned, and, perhaps, infantine. Thank you, too, for
the map of England and Wales, which will be highly use
ful to me. I expect to derive great pleasure in following
you on it, should you travel at all. Little B. is still in the
clouds about his books, and the poor litlle Pelhamites will
do anything he chooses to obtain one look of the " beautiful
pictures." Indeed, you never before despatched such a cargo
of dehght to any set of beings.
Panopticon has been forwarded to Mari ; like a graceless
creature, I took the whole merit of the attention to myself.
How happened it that you did not forward a plan of the
building 1 Not that the omission is very important. I have
not the least expectation that the plan will be adopted. In
South Carolina there is less enterprise, less public spirit,
than in any other state ; and that. Heaven knows, reduces
il low enough. I have read a small part of the " Traites
de Legislation." The work is really original. It is truly
calculated to make readers think profoundly, and gives a
new direction to their reflections. Jeremy Bentham has
opened a new and deeper vein of political and moral science,
to bring from it the most brilliant diamonds. Such a mind
as his is not produced once in many centuries. Who will be
found to improve upon his ideas ? I imagine he has reached
the ne plus ultra, the border of the Styx ; and no one can go
farther, without becoming an inhabitant of the other world.
As to you, I am angry with you. You will neither write
nor do anything else. Your researches, probably, have gone
quite over the Styx, for they never will be seen in this
world. Does J. B. mean to publish the " Traites de Legis
lation" in English, written by himself? If he does not, and
there is no good translation of them, I should like to have
the honour of becoming his translator. If he is with you,
inquire, and tell him that I should take as much pride in
being his translator as the ancients did in declaring them
selves oracles of their gods. What a transformation his

OP AARON BURR. 115
vehement, comprehensive style would undergo ; first, by
being beat out into a French style, and then, by a kind of
synthesis, being recomposed by me, and presented in a re
semblance of itself, deprived of all its fire, like the statue of
Pandora without the heavenly spark. Should he have no
intention of giving this work an English dress, pray be very
sure that it has not received one from some other person
before I commence my labours ; for it would mortify me
lo publish an old thing with the conviction and " qui pis est"
with the assertion of its novelty.
The embargo is not yet raised, nor is there any probability
that it will : on the contrary, a non-intercourse act and some
other corroborants are expected. Vessels in Boston are said
to be ready laden, and armed to brave allopposition, if their
departure should meet with any. It is generally believed
that we shall have trouble very soon. Thank God, I am not
near my subjects ;* all my care and real tenderness might be
forgotten in the strife, for no doubt the flames of civil war
would soon spread in that direction. By the last packet I
told you of my determination lo pass the winter here. My
plans are not formed for the spring and summer. AU de
pends on the stale of my health. The obstinacy of my
disorder destroys all hope of being invigorated by this winter,
for I shall pass it in taking medicine. The prescription you
thought of so highly has failed to produce any effect, though
it has been persevered in for nearly two months. I intend
now to shut myself up, and take mercury, as Dr. Hosack
directs, in all form ; not, however, to the extent of salivation.
I must have health, and this appears to be the only mode of
obtaining it. Do not be alarmed about me. The fear lest
this new project should excite your apprehensions had de
termined me to conceal it ; but the lecture you once gave
me for deceiving you about myself arose in my mind too
formidably not to overturn my intention.
According to the Washita papers you gave me, my plans
* Mexicans.

116 PRIVATE JOURNAL
in that respect were built in air. You perceive what subject
still engages my mind. Notwithstanding all you could or
may say, I shall ever have the same feelings on that point,
I have heard nothing of Doyle yet. Babade, you already
know, is out of the question now. Should you have it in
your power to purchase me any books, pray get me the last
and most fashionable standard of pronunciation. Mitford
will improve me more, but it will not stand in lieu of a dic
tionary. I have not yet read Mitford. I have looked into
him. Indeed, my head is in wretched order. I am scarcely
a reflecting animal.
My station for the winter will be in this place. The so
ciety of New- York is new lo me, and less interesting than
I formerly found it ; perhaps mine's the fault, but I suffer
for it. B., who has entered the room, sends his love to
you, with a thousand thanks for " the pretty books and the
big picture." Adieu. My last letter was under cover lo J.
L. Mallet. It went by the November packet. Theodosia.
to john reeves. London, December 8, 1808.
On Saturday I propose to leave town, having chosen this
charming season for a tour to the North. It is intended lo
visit Oxford, York, and Edinburgh ; and, of course, many
other places on and near that route. Having no olher views
than amusement and the gratification of curiosity, if you
should feel disposed to contribute lo either of these objects,
it would add another item to the large account of civilities
for which I am already your debtor. It is possible that I
may wish to pass over to Dubhn. The principal motive
would be to see that renowned orator, Curran.
Do me the favour to communicate whatever further you
may have understood regarding my recent claims and pre
tensions. A. Burr.

OP AARON BURR. 117

TO DRi FLANAGAN. London, December 8, 1808.
Col. Burr, on his return from Weybridge, called at the
Tower Hotel, agreeably lo his engagement to Mr. Flana
gan, but was told that Mr. Flanagan did not lodge there, and
that his lodgings were not there known. He therefore
takes this method of saying that he proposes to leave town
on "Saturday on a visit to Scotland, and that he would be
happy in being the bearer of any commands for Mr. F. He
apologizes for the liberty of asking that Mr. F. would have
the goodness to communicate Col. Burr's intention, and lo
offer his services to General Picton, whom he had not the
good fortune lo find at home when he called for the purpose.
TO WILLIAM GODWIN. London, December 8, 1808.
My journey is postponed till Saturday. It will not be in
my power to see you to-day, but I will have that pleasure
to-morrow, at some hour of which you shall be previ
ously advised. I beg, my dear sir, that you will, in the
mean lime, get possession of the laws of the United States,
or of that volume, at least, which contains the statutes (there
may be more than one) respecting literary properly. A line
from you lo General Lyman will procure them.
I have written to M. L. Davis, and have seen Meeker,
who recommends a Mr. Conrad, a principal bookseller in
Philadelphia (and known lo me by reputation), as agent in
that city. Your p'arcel was received this morning. If any
thing should occur lo you, or to the prolific head of Madame
G., proper for my consideration before our interview, be
pleased to communicate it by a line addressed to Craven-
street. A. Burr.

118 PRIVATE JOURNAL

TO THEODOSIA.

London, December 9, 1808.
By the Hopewell and by the last packet I wrote you very
long letters, enclosing letters to Dr. Hosack and lo Mr.
Alston ; all on the subject of your voyage to England, which
Dr. Letlsome recommends, and which I have urged to be
undertaken without delay. It is not, therefore, thought prob
able that this will find you in New- York. As it is possible,
however, that this packet may arrive before the January
packet shall leave New-York, it may be proper to repeat,
that every sort of arrangement has been made for your re
ception. You are recommended to Mr. Fox, collector at
Falmouth, and to Mr. Lees and Mr. Hamilton at Liverpool.
If you should take passage in a vessel bound for London,
land at the first place you can at the mouth of the river, and
come to town in a postchaise, with your black maid and the
boy. No matter whether you bring any other clothes than
those you wear, and a very principal change for comfort only.
Leave Sam on board to lake care of your baggage ; or, if he
can gel a place with the coachman, let him come also. Drive
to Story's Gate Coffee-house, George-street, Westminster,
and send word to me at Q. S. P. A. Burr.
TO THOMAS W. MOORE. London, December 9, 1808.
If Mrs. Alston should be in or near New-York, be pleased
to put the enclosed under cover to her, and send it to Mr.
Laight to be forwarded. If she should have sailed for any
distant point, the letter for Mrs. Anderson may be sent to
the postoffice, to be forwarded, by mail to its address.
By the last packet I wrote lo Mrs. B— t, under cover to
you, but there was an error in the address, being lo Edward
W. instead of Thomas W., which I hope may not have im
peded its safe delivery. The circumstance is now mention
ed, as well to apologize for the inattention as to give an op-

OF AARON BURR. 119
portunity of inquiring for the letter in case it should not
have been received. I wish that Mrs. B — I may be informed
that I can get a warrant as midshipman for her son so soon
as I can find a captain with whom I should recommend that
he be placed ; indeed, the warrant could be had immediately,
but I do not know where to find the youth. A. Burr.
TO p. BARTLETT. Litlle Gaddesden, December 13, 1808.
I had some trifles lo communicate to you and to yours ;
but the moment was not propitious. The stock will be in
creased during my tour, and on my return I shall hasten to
offer you the proceeds.
When you shall see Lord Bridgwater, make such apolo
gies on my behalf as shall exonerate me from any suspicion
of inattention or neglect. Many thanks for all your kind
ness, and best wishes for your health and happiness.
A. Burr.
TO MRS. M. J. GODWIN.
London, December 12, 1808.
Having finished my letters and packed my trunk last even
ing, I sent out for a coach, intending lo have passed an hour
with you on my way. No coach was to be had ! I went
myself, and, after walking half an hour, found the fact to be
truly reported — that no coach was to be had. The journey
has been postponed till two this day. It would console me
for the disappointment if I could see you this morning ; but
that is impossible, as my passage is taken at this end of the
town. The books for Davis had better be in two or three parcels,
as it will afford a better chance for getting them into the
trunk of some passenger. My note lo Graves is left open
for your perusal. The boy, bearer of this, will take charge
of your shipment, if ready. If not ready by eleven, let him
go on with my letter for M. L. Davis, Put receipt to the

120 PRIVATE JOURNAL
account, and charge it lo me. The books sent some days
ago are herewith returned. A. Burr.
TO JEREMY BENTHAM. Oxford-street, December 13, 1808.
I am going to try to go. Whether the attempt succeed
or fail, you will not see me till Wednesday. Within twenty-
four hours thereafter, London shall be rid of me.
A. Burr.
JUDGE THORPE TO MR. BUSH.
London, December 15, 1808.
This letter will introduce to your acquaintance Col. Burr
(late Vice-president of the United States). A few months
since he came to England for the purpose of laying before
the ministry a plan for opening Spanish America to our
trade, to which scheme he had the sanction of the late Mr.
Pitt; but our present connexion with Old Spain has at
least deferred its execution, and he employs the interval in
a tour through Scotland and Ireland. I think he could be
useful ; but, politics out of the question, you will find him a
gentleman in manner and conduct. With great erudition
and talent, he thinks much, says little, and is a good obser
ver. Your attention will oblige me.
I hope, my dear friend, we may yet meet in the world
with our wives and children. Please God, I shall soon be
settled in England ; and, if ever you come, let me know it be
fore you arrive. I have been sadly tossed about and vilely
treated, but there will yet be a " death unto sin and a new
birth unto righteousness." Mrs. Thorpe joins in best com
pliments to Mrs. Bush and yourself, Robert Thorpe,
TO J. REEVES, London, December 21, 1808, ;
If it would not transgress your ideas of official propriety,
I would ask of you, in reply to this, to state the opinions

OF AARON BURR. 121
which have been given on my recent claims. The addition
of your own, or that even without any other would be most
satisfactory. The offer which you had the goodness to
make, of writing me some such letter, must apologize for
this freedom,
I have taken passage in the mail of this evening for Ox
ford, If not convenient to reply to this before my depar
ture, please lo enclose for me to William Arbuthnol, Esq,,
Trustees' Office, Edinburgh, A. Burr.
TO LORD JUSTICE CLERK. London, December 21, 1808.
Permit me to introduce lo your lordship the bearer of
this, the celebrated Col. Burr, with whom our worthy friend,
Charles Williamson, was very intimate. His talents, abil
ities, and amiable manners will, I am confident, ensure him
a place in your esteem. He proposes making a stay of only
a few days in Scotland, during which time I have to request
that you will render him any attention in your power. He
is anxious to have an opportunity of making the acquaint
ance of the most learned of our profession, and to whom
can I apply so well as to you to bring this about ? As
Hopeton House is generally visited by strangers, have the
goodness to arrange this for him.
A. Cochrane Johnstone.
PROM JOHN REEVES.
London (Alien Office), December 23, 1808.
Your letter, desiring to have an answer at Mr. Bentham's
by seven o'clock, did not come lo my hand till past eight
o'clock. I am now proceeding to perform the olher alter
native you proposed. This, I hope, will find you at Edin
burgh. I will let you know as soon as anything is decided upon
your claim of being considered as a British subject. The
question is still before the law officers ; and I have no ex-
, Vol. I.— F

122 PRIVATE JOURNAL
pectalion of their giving an answer till they have the recess
from court business, during the Christmas holydays, when
they have leisure to consider such questions.
In the mean time, you may make yourself quite easy.
Only favour me now and then with a line, that I may know
where you are. Be so good as lo put your letter lo me, with
private upon it, under cover to The Secretary of State,
Alien Office, Westminster. John Reeves.
TO AARON BURR, Edinburgh, December 29, 1808.
Mr. Williamson* has the honour to present his most re
spectful compliments to Col, Burr, and he is extremely
sorry, indeed, that he should have been from home when
Col. Burr called. Knowing the very great respect and high
esteem which his brother. Col, Williamson, had for Col.
Burr, he most assuredly would have considered it as his
duly to have wailed on Col, Burr this evening ; but, unfortu
nately, Mr. W, has long been extremely unwell, and does
not venture out under night at this season ; but he will do
himself the honour of waiting on Col, Burr to-morrow fore-
coon about eleven o'clock, TO MR, WILLIAMSON, Edinburgh, December 30, 1808.
Col. Burr is greatly obliged lo Mr, Williamson for his
very friendly note. He literally stole off from the library,
lest Mr. Williamson's politeness should induce him to in
fringe on his occupations of business. He will, with great
pleasure, attend him to Col. Smith's at the hour most agree
able to Mr. W.
Col. Burr will avail himself of Lord J, Clerk's invitation
for Monday, and will communicate his answer lo his lord
ship without troubling Mr, W. with the transmission,
* Lord Balgray, brother of the late Col. Charles Williamson.

OF AARON BURR. 123
JOURNAL.
Tlie Adventures of Gil Bias Moheagungk de Manhattan.
London, December 21, 1808. In a garret at the Black
Lion, Water Lane, London. Having made half a dinner
at Queen's Square Place, drove off furiously lo the While
Horse, Piccadilly, to be in lime for the Oxford stage. Hav
ing waited half an hour and the coach not come, the weather
cool, went in lo warm. Having warmed half an hour, and
wondering at the delay, went out to see. The coach had
been gone twenty minutes. My honest coachman, as well
to be sheltered from the storm as for repose, had got inside
and was sound asleep. Drove to Gloucester Coffee-house
to take the mail. Was advised to go lo the Golden some
thing. Charing Cross. Thither went. The mail was full
inside and out. Thence to the Saracen's Head. Thence
back to the ship. To Fister Lane. Coach full. To the
Black Lion, Water Lane, Fleet — full, inside and out. To
the Old Crown, Holborn — no coach hence till Friday. To
the Boll Inn, where found a seat in a coach to go at seven
to-morrow, but no bed to be had. Went to the nearest inn,
being the same Black Lion, where I am occupant of a garret
room, up four flights of stairs, and a very dirty bed. In the
public room, however, I have been amused for an hour with
a very handsome young Dane. Don't smile. It is a male,
A merchant. I would have slept on the porch or walked
the street all night sooner than have returned to Q. S. P.
Coach hire nine shillings.
Oxford, December 22. Was called at six, lo be ready for
the coach at seven. Gave my baggage lo a porter, but, be
ing stopped a minute to make change, he got out of my
sight. I missed the way, and when I got to the Bolt Inn
the coach had gone. My passage having been paid in the
evening, there was no inducement to wait for me. Pursued
and had the good fortune lo overtake the coach. Found in
it one man. Having preserved perfect silence for a few
F2

124 PRIVATE JOURNAL
minutes by way of experiment, I remarked that the day was
very mild, which he flatly denied, and in a tone and manner as
if he would have bit me. I laughed out heartily, and very
kindly inquired into his morning's adventures. He was old,
gouty, and very fat. No hack being to be had at that early
hour, or, what is more probable, choosing to save the shil
ling, he had walked from his house lo the inn. Had fallen
twice ; got wet and bruised, and was very sure that he should
be laid up with the gout for six months. I sympathized
with his misfortunes. Wondered at the complacency with
which he bore them, and joined him in cursing the weather,
the streets, and the hackney coachmen. He became com
placent and talkative. Such is John Bull. We look in an
other fat man, a woman still fatter, and a boy. Afterward,
a very pretty, graceful, arch-looking girl, about eighteen,
going on a visit to her aunt. Lady W^. But mad'lle. was
reserved and distant. At the first change of horses she
agreed lo take breakfast, which we did, tete-a-tete. I was
charmed to find her all animation, gayety, ease, badinage.
By the aid of drink to the coachman, our companions were
kept three quarters of an hour cooling in the coach. They
had breakfasted. When we joined them the reserve of
my little siren returned. After various fruitless essays,
and at first without suspecting the cause, finding it impossi
ble to provoke anything beyond a cold monosyllable, I com
posed myself to sleep, and slept soundly about eight hours,
between London and this place, where we arrived at eight
this evening. (There must be something narcotic in the air
of this island. I have slept more during my six months'
residence in Great Britain than in any preceding three years
of my life since the age of fourteen.) Took leave of my
little Spartan. Mem. — To write an essay, historical and
critical, on the education and treatment of women in Eng
land. Its influence on morals and happiness.
Thinking it too late to call on Mr. Prevost (your instruc
tions are not lost oo me), I wrote him a "polite'" note,

OF AARON BURR. 125
enclosing the letter, and proposing to see him in the morn
ing, to which St. polite answer was received.
23. I was received with the distinction due lo such a let
ter. His manner is mild, cheerful, and courteous. He en
gaged me to dine, and sent for a young " fellow," who went
with me through all the great buildings, and showed me
all the strange things. Many of those for which I inquired
he had never before heard of. Everything here is for osten
tation, and nothing for use, A manuscript of Home's Mir
ror was shown me, but evidently modern. A handwriting
much like our Mr, Koe's, The librarian acknowledged that
it was but a copy, and professed no knowledge of the original.
The bust of Aristotle has a forehead very like yours. We
were more than three hours traversing the various buildings.
I was much gratified. My poor conductor nearly frozen.
Two plump, hale "fellows" joined us at dinner. Study
and abstinence had not yet impaired their rosy complexions.
All in canonicals. The dinner was excellent and well served.
The details of the conversation shall amuse you at another
time ; but they cannot be written, A few hints may serve
as memoranda, " I would rather our friend Bentham should
write on legislation than on morals !" Holy Father, if ever
one of thy creatures was endued with benevolence without
alloy, *********. ^11 this was admitted, and the expression
was qualified and qualified, till finally it settled on the single
point of divorce, and Hume was quoted. By mutual consent,
divine authority was laid aside, and I made a speech, which
was very silly, for I ought to have turned it off with levity.
The innate sense of religion, " The most barbarous na
tions have some religion. Has it not a great influence on the
morals of your Indians ?"
We then got on American politics, statistics, geography,
laws, &c,, &c,, on all which a most profound and learned
ignorance was displayed. The evening wound up pleasantly,
and we parted with many expressions of courtesy. He ap
pears to be of cheerful temper and amiable disposition. Yet,

126 PRIVATE JOURNAL
though he speaks of Bentham with reverence, and, probably,
prays for him, I presume that he thinks he will be eternally
damned, and I have no doubt he expects lo be lolling in
Abraham's bosom with great complacency, hearing Ben
tham sing out for a drop of water. Such is the mild genius
of our holy religion,
Brummigem, December 24 (though, indeed, I have heard
it several limes called Birmingham). Left Oxford at seven
this morning. We were four inside. The only article of
any interest was a pretty litlle comely brunette, who had
been through Blenheim Castle, and all the other places of
note within twenty miles. Could describe all the pictures
and statues ; had read all the fashionable novels and poetry,
and seemed to know everybody and everything. I was
never more at a loss in what rank of beings to class her ; but
was very much amused. At twenty miles we put her down
at a very respectable farmhouse. I handed her in ; was
introduced lo her aunt : " My dear aunt, this gentleman has
been extremely polite to me on the road," I received from
aunt and niece a very warm invitation to call on my return,
which I very faithfully promised to do, " whensoever," &c.
" If," &c., (fee.
At Stratford, where lie the bones of Shakspeare, the bar
maid gave me a very detailed account of the jubilee in honour
of his memory. At about twenty miles farther was pointed
out a very handsome establishment of Sir  Smith, dit
frere de Madame Frilzherbert. For the last forty or fifty
miles we had on board a strange, vulgar-looking fellow, who
had been all over the world ; spoke Latin, French, and Span
ish ; and, in the course of three hours, told me more than a
hundred lies : probably some itinerant Irish schoolmaster.
The market-place and the principal street, adjacent to
which I am set down, is full of people. Tents, booths,
lamps, candles, fiddlers, pipers, horns. Seeing nothing to
amuse me within, I shall sally forth to see what's going for
ward without. But, first, I have taken passage for Liver-

OF AARON BURR. 127
pool, to set off at half past eleven, being advised that there
is no other way lo get on. Against my will, therefore, I
go lo Liverpool. We shall, from appearances, make a live
ly party. At this hour to-morrow I may have something
more amusing to say. Now I go.
Twelve o'clock. Still at Birmingham. Full of contrition
and remorse. Lost my passage. Lost or spent twenty-
eight shillings and a pair of gloves. Every bed in the house
engaged. No hope of getting on but by the mail at seven
to-morrow morning. The office shut, and no passage to be
taken to-night. What business had I to go sauntering about
the streets of a strange place, alone and unarmed, on a
Christmas eve ? Truly, I want a guardian more than at
fifteen. It was K.'s fault that I left my dirk, and I could
choke him for it. I have often heard that great sinners have
relieved their consciences by full confession. Let us try,
I sallied forth. There were hundreds of pretty dressed
folks of all sexes and ages, in little groups and very gay. I
joined one party, and then another, and another. At length
I got so well suited with a couple that we agreed to walk
and see the town. I have always had a passion for certain
branches of natural history. These, I thought, afforded me
an opportunity of acquiring information ; and even now, amid
all my regrets, I must acknowledge that it was a most in
structive and, abating one rencounter, which had very nearly
ended in a riot, a most amusing lesson. Hence il would
seem that all this penitence is for the money and not for the
folly, on which a very good theological discourse might be
written. The subject shall be recommended to our friend
the provost. Indeed, I was very much amused, I heard
many amusing anecdotes of the grandees of the town, and
some strange and pretty things. At this moment it comes
into my head how to redeem this twenty-eight shillings. It
shall be done, and then peace of conscience will be restored.
I will take passage outside. Half price only, I am re*
solved, and you shall see how I execute.

128 PRIVATE JOURNAL
[The journal of his residence in Edinburgh is very brief,
though it records a scene of great gayety and industrious
visiting. He seems lo have been overwhelmed with invita
tions during the whole of his residence in the Scottish cap
ital.] TO LORD JUSTICE CLERK, Edinburgh, January 2, 1809.
Colonel Burr is honoured with the invitation of Lord Jus
tice Clerk and Lady Charlotte Hope, and will avail himself
of it on Monday, the 2d inst. He is greatly mortified to
learn that the Lord Justice Clerk, having done him the hon
our of calling at his lodgings this morning, was, through the
stupidity of a servant, denied. Colonel Burr was then at
home, and expecting the honour of his lordship's visit, having
been apprized by Mr, Williamson of his lordship's intention.
He encloses a letter from Col, Johnstone, and offers respect
ful compliments, FROM DAVID WILLIAMSON, Edinburgh, January 2, 1809.
To-day at four o'clock, or a litlle after it, I will take you
up on our way to Granton, the Lord Justice Clerk's. The
nearest road is by your lodgings,
I saw the lord provost of Edinburgh, His lordship is to
wait upon you this forenoon. He will be accompanied by
Mr. Manners, our principal librarian, whom you saw in the
advocate's library on Friday, and who ig also one of the pres
ent magistrates of Edinburgh. I spoke lo Mr. Manners to
give you whatever books you want,
David Williamson.
to david williamson,
Edinburgh, January 2, 1809.
Your obliging note, my dear sir, found me in the very act
of writing to you to inquire about the hour and mode of trans

OF AARON BURR, 129
porlation to Granton, You will find me ready to attend you
at four,
I shall certainly be at home to have the honour of receiv
ing the lord provost and Mr. M. this morning.
Allow me lo recall your attention lo the subject of the let
ters, having a strong persuasion that the longer one, if no
other, is for your faithful and obliged A. Burr,
FROM THEODOSIA. New-York, January 3, 1809,
I long for spring that I may return to W, Apathy, in
sensibility, and unkindness are not confined lo W, They
are the spontaneous productions of every soil, and thrive in
all climates. I am seeking for French lodgings to benefit
the boy.
Nothing can exceed the anxiety your pecuniary concern
has given me ; but, as yet, the money has not been paid, I
hope and believe it will be received at length ; but it dis
tresses me beyond measure that nothing can be remitted to
you immediately. Your situation in a foreign country, with
out any pursuit, renders me doubly solicitous on the subject.
The instant anything satisfactory is done, you shall profit by
it without any loss of time, be assured ; for my heart feels
what you suffer more severely than its own afflictions.
Since I last wrote to you I have been taking Hosack's
preparation of mercury ; not all the time, however. It was
abandoned from an experiment of a fortnight, during which
nothing but injury was produced. Eustis has written to me
again, giving me new instructions and increasing the strength
of his prescription. I shall, or rather have, resumed the
course advised by him ; but not a symptom, not the slight
est sign of relief appears. Hosack visits me daily. M. has
written that he will be here very soon.
The boy received the little packet, and was, of course, de
lighted. How ^ood you are to think of us so often. The
most interesting passage of your letter of the 16th of Octo-
Fa

130 PRIVATE JOURNAL
ber is yet unintelligible to me. Over care induced me to
leave my cipher at F.'s till I should be settled in lodgings ;
but I have written to request that he would find a safe con
veyance for the box which contains it, and I shall soon have
the happiness of reading all you have written. Dr. P. Irving,
who lakes this, will give you more satisfactory intelligence
than it is in my power to do. We are anxiously and impa
tiently awaiting the event of the Spanish war. The govern
or of the Island of Cuba has declared that, if the French
should gain possession of Madrid, he should declare Cuba
independent, and invite the patriots thither. It is supposed
that the British cabinet will furnish the Spanish Americans
with a sovereign from the Bourbon family ; but I doubt
whether he would be acknowledged or received by them.
Do not be unhappy about me. Irving will tell you that
I am quite plump — ill as this seems to accord with my hys
terics and the obstinacy of my complaint. Present my re
spects to Mr. Bentham. His friendship for you excites in
me almost as much affection for him as his talents do ven
eration. Adieu, dear Gamp, God in Heaven bless and
prosper you. Theodosia.
FROM DAVID WILLIAMSOM, Edinburgh, January 4, 1809.
This is dreadful weather, however much you may brave
it. Yesterday my brother's trustees opened all his letters,
some of which I wish to show to you. The packet which
you supposed lo contain letters for you is from some gen
tleman in Geneva, whose name we cannot make out. It
relates lo some matters of succession, and it contains papers
lo be given to the American consul, I think of the name of
Erwing, I wish much that you went down some morning to break
fast with the Justice Clerk, so that you might have a liltle
of the forenoon to yourselves. You know as well as I do,
and much better, that in all governments, particularly such

OP AARON BURR. 131
as ours, that there are small wheels which in due time set
the great wheel agoing. Yoi^ will understand perfectly
what I mean. The acquaintance of the Justice Clerk is
one that you will never regret lo have made, and in whose
honour you may have the utmost reliance. David Williamson.
from mr. gordon, Edinburgh, January g, 1809.
Mr. Gordon (advocate) presents compliments to Col. Burr,
Mr. Gordon is authorized by Mr. and Mrs. Johnstone, of
Alva, to request the favour of Col. Burr's passing a day with
them, if it suits his convenience, as he passes through Stir
lingshire. Alva House is eight miles from the town of Stir
ling, and all the innkeepers can inform the colonel as to the
road. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon will probably be at Alva until
the 12th or 13th current, and shall be happy to introduce
Col. Burr to Mr. Johnstone's family, or show any other civilly
lo the colonel. FROM MRS. GORDON. '
Edinburgh, January 3, 1809.
Mrs. Gordon, of Craig, presents respectful compliments
to Col. Burr. Mrs. Gordon begs leave to send the pamphlet
Col. Burr was in search of, in answer to Lord Selkirk's book.
As it was written by a friend of Mrs. Gordon, she has some
copies by her ; and if she has the honour again to meet Col.
Burr, Mrs. Gordon will be happy to hear his opinion of the
Letters of A7nicus. Mrs. Gordon begs leave lo express her
sense of Col. Burr's politeness lo Mr. Gordon and herself.^
FROM DAVID WILLIAMSON. Edinburgh, January 9, 1809.
My plan would be this : I shall take you up at half past
nine to-morrow morning, by which time you will have break
fasted. We shall get to Hopetoun House about twelve

132 PRIVATE JOURNAL
o'clock. I shall order dinner there at half past three. We
may set out at six, and shall be in town at half past eight or
about nine.
What say you to this mode ? I shall ask Mr. James
Hope lo accompany us. You need not write to me any
card, but simply put on a slip of paper, which you can give
to my servant who carries this, I approve or disapprove, by
which last, if so, I will understand that we are lo arrange
the matter at Dundas's, at dinner.
David Williamson.
from david williamson.
Edinburgh, January 10, 1809.
To go on such a day as this is losing, truly, half the pleas
ure which you would enjoy. To-morrow, also, would hurry
you quite too much. Take my word for it : we can go
either Thursday or Saturday, as meets your convenience,
when I shall lake care lo have everything comfortable for
you. To go to a large house, without fires being on, is quite
miserable, which you would find if you were to go this day,
or even to-morrow. D. Williamson.
FROM MISS ANN WILLIAMSON. Edinburgh, January 9, 1809.
Will you, my dear sir, do me the honour of accepting
the enclosed as a mark of my esteem, not only as the daugh
ter of a once esteemed friend, but an acknowledgment for
the lively interest you take in everything that concerns me ?
I hope lo infer, by the length of your stay in Edinburgh,
that your partiality for its inhabitants has increased, and that
some day you may be persuaded to make one of its number.
I was extremely sorry to find, on my arrival home, that I
had just missed you ; but hope to be more fortunate the
next time you do me that honour.
Ann Williamson.

OF AARON BURR. 133

TO MRS. GORDON. Edinburgh, January 11, 1809.
The pamphlet of Amicus was found so interesting, that
it was read through on the evening it was received. I am
charmed with his patriotism, and instructed by his reason
ing and his facts. A few remarks which have occurred will,
in obedience to your wishes, be communicated personally,
for which it is hoped an occasion will be found in this city
within a few days. Il would be very cold lo say " I thank
you :" very formal, however true, to be " grateful for the
honour and the attention." In all such dilemmas, the safest
course is silence.
I have delayed to answer Mr. Gordon's note, in the hope
of being able to say that I would have the pleasure of pass
ing Thursday with you at Alva; but I have got so involved
in the hospitalities and dissipations of this city, that it is found
impossible lo break out for a single day, until it shall be done
absolutely and finally by departure. This is now postponed
until Friday the 20th.
Mrs. Johnstone has anticipated my wishes by her obliging
invitation ; and if I should not have forfeited my claim by
your absence or by this procrastination, I shall certainly
avail myself of her politeness on my way to Glasgow, pre
suming that she will be then at Alva.
You perceive, madam, that, without apology, I have taken
the liberty to charge you with my reply to Mr. Gordon, It
would have been rather fastidious to have answered you
separately by mail, and I have always found that messages
are more faithfully delivered by wives to husbands than by
husbands to wives. Besides, you were my first corre
spondent. Your note was ihe pure emanation of courtesy,
his at the command of Mrs. Johnstone, I could give twenty
other reasons for the preference ; but these good ones are
enough, in all conscience ; and yet I acknowledge that nei
ther is the true one.

134 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Allow me, madam, lo offer assurances of the respectful
consideration with which I have the honour to be A. Burr.
TO CHARLES SMITH. Edinburgh, January 13, 1809.
Perceiving by the London papers received this morning
that another packet has arrived from America, I beg that my
letters, if any should have come to your hands, may be en
closed lo William Arbuthnol, Trustees' Office, Edinburgh.
Your brother. Col. Smith, received me with the utmost
hospitality and politeness, and has contributed much to my
amusement. Indeed, all that I have seen and met here has
confirmed those prepossessions which I had imbibed in early
youth respecting the learning, the courtesy, and the hospi
tality of the people. My stay here has been prolonged be
yond what was intended, and will be protracted at the least
ten days longer. If my letters should have been sent to
Mr. Bentham, take no further trouble about them. He has
instructions. A. Burr.
TO J. H. KOE. Edinburgh, January 13, 1809.
As you would not suspect that I could be till this hour in
Edinburgh (if, indeed, the subject has been thought of at
all, which, with humility, I acknowledge that, from ap
pearances, it did not merit), this formal notice is given that
I am here, and like to be here eight days longer. If there
should be letters for me by the last packet, send them on,
enclosed to William Arbuthnol, Trustees' Office, Edinburgh.
I suspect that by ihis same packet has arrived a man in
quest of me, and whom I wish to see. If so, it must have
come to your knowledge. Send Tom to Craven-street to
demand letters, and to Bedford-street for the umbrella, if
not heretofore found. A. Burr.

OF AARON BURR. 135

TO JEREMY BENTHAM. Edinburgh, January 13, 1809.
Have patience, and I will pay thee all. Not all, but all
that I can. The defects of the head will be redeemed by the
warmth of the heart.
I have a good deal of stuff for your amusement, but most
of it in a form not transmissible by mail, for want oi frank.
My friend Arbuthnol receives letters free, but cannot frank,
which disappoints me, and has saved you sometime and ex
pense of eyesight. I lead a life of the utmost dissipation.
Driving out every day, and at some party almost every night.
Wasting time, and doing many silly things, as you will see.
But, in the midst of folly and dissipation, some little, little
thing has been effected in the way of business. The friend
and correspondent of your tenant enters into my views, and
takes an interest in my progress. Has actually written on
the subject lo a great man now near you.
I am seeking (courting ; it is a lady) the influence of an
other personage. Shall wait here K.'s reply lo the above,
and then wherever the gods may direct. You will, in the
mean time, receive some " sketches," &c.
Theodosia has written you a note, which I hold, as, not
being worth postage. That, with her letter lo me, will be
transmitted in some way. Her health is the same. My
American letters contain little more than is found in the
newspapers. A chiffre has not yet been translated. Do not
despair of me. A. Burr.
FROM J. H. KOE.
London, Q. S. P., January 17, 1809.
Your letter, this moment received, has just saved us from
becoming bankrupts in conjecture. To account for not
having heard from you, you have been deposited in all con
ceivable places where it is possible that you might exist ;
and at length it was finally settled you had met with some

136 PRIVATE JOURNAL
favourable and sudden opportunity, and had left the country,
time not allowing of your writing; or that you had written,
and that your letter had miscarried. The accompanying
letters have been lying here some time. They were not
forwarded lo Edinburgh under the persuasion that, had you
found your way thither, you would have written.
Mr. Bentham has been under great anxiety about them,
lest their speedily reaching you should have been of impor
tance. You will see from this that the subject has not
been forgotten. I met Castella some very long time ago in
the Park, on his way hither ; his object lo know whether you
were returned to town. He said he had written to you some
few days before, and that such was the nature of his letter,
that, immediately on the receipt of it, you would return to
town. He has been here once since ; I believe in the be
ginning of the last week.
So desirous were we of forwarding the last letters lo you,
that, not knowing where better lo apply for the requisite
information, I wrote to Graves to ask him whether he had
heard from you. In answer, he said he had not; and at
the same time mentions that he was desirous of informing
you that the American ship Hopewell, on board of which
he had shipped for you a packet of letters and a box, had
been captured. It is conjectured here that the box in ques
tion contained the bust. This is melancholy ; but might it
not be practicable, by a letter to Talleyrand, to procure, if
not the restoration of the box, at least the safe keeping of
the contents ? _ This might afford, in every respect, an infi
nitely more creditable vehicle for saying anything, by-the-
by, than Charles Fox's assassin.
There have been various interviews with the new tenant.
He says that your case has made a very considerable sen
sation in the Cabinet. In addition lo the persons that you
had mentioned as having been consulted upon the subject
of it, he says that questions had been sent to the attorney
and solicitor generals for their consideration. One of them

OP AARON BURR. 13f
was at the time indisposed, and had given no answer. The
other had given a decided opinion in favour of the claim.
On this subject nothing further has been heard. One morn
ing the new tenant came in and said that he had just parted
with Cobbett, and that you had been the subject of conversa
tion between them, Cobbett very deeply impregnated with
the magnitude of your talents as a statesman and a soldier.
They had been consulting together how it was possible that
you should be brought into Parliament, supposing the above
question to form no obstacle. The new tenant appeared to
look upon it as very feasible. He was very anxious that
you should be in town, in hopes that you would take a run
down with him for a few days to Cobbetl's residence in
Hampshire. Mr. Benlham looks upon the oath of allegiance
having been taken (supposing it lo have been taken) as quite
decisive against the claim. There was a case of a man of
the name of Cruger, in which this same point came under
consideration. You may, perhaps, know the details of it.
What is understood of it here is, that he was decided to be
considered as a British subject, merely from the circum
stance of his not having taken the oath of allegiance lo the
American government.
We have not heard of anybody having, by the last or any
other packet, come in quest of you. Mr. Randolph called
here yesterday and left his card ; no message. Nothing
farther has been heard from Lord Holland. The newspa
pers said, some lime since, that his arrival in this country
was daily expected.
The packet is divided, lest Mr. Arbuthnol should be lim
ited as to weight. If there should be occasion for it, pray
tell me whether it is necessary or not. Boy just returned
from Craven-street; no letters there. .You have received,
I suppose, the two packets of letters that have already been
sent to you under cover to Mr. Arbuthnol. Under all the
above circumstances, Mr. Benlham begs to suggest whether
the gods do not most manifestly point hither.
J. H. KoE.

138 PRIVATE JOURNAL

FROM J. H. KOE.

London, Q. S. P., January 17, 1809.
Not knowing where they will be more certain of reaching
you, these letters are forwarded to Edinburgh. Mr. Ben
tham does not write now. He wrote lo you under cover to
Dr. Collinson at Oxford. This letter went from hence on
Friday ; and on the same day was sent from hence, directed
to you, under cover to Mr. Arbuthnol, a letter of introduction
to Mr. Jeffrey, the conductor of the Edinburgh Review, and
the Reviewer of Mr. Dumont. These two American letters,
and the two contained in the accompanying packet, were left
here on Friday by Mr. Mallet, of the Auditor's Office, with
a request that Mr. Bentham would forward them to you.
Mr. Benlham's letter, addressed to you at Oxford, was of
some length, but he says of very little importance.
Jno. H. Koe.
from d. williamson.
Edinburgh, January 18, 1809.
This moment I only received the pacquet, which came to
my hands from Mr. Drake, at the Havannah, with the ac
counts from Mexico, and which I thought it proper lo com
municate to the Lord Justice Clerk before transmitting it
to London.
I beg that you will see him this evening ; and I really must
entreat you, for particular reasons, not lo allow any engage
ment lo come in the way of that meeting ; and if you hap
pen to be engaged, which I presume is very likely, you must
use the freedom of mentioning what I have requested. Re
member that I do trust lo your compliance, as it is a thing
of some consequence. D. Williamson.

OF AARON BURR. 139

FROM MRS. GORDON. Edinburgh, January 21, 1809.
Mrs. Gordon, of Craig, presents respectful compliments
to Col. Burr. Mrs. Gordon is requested, by her friend Mrs.
Irvine, to say ihat it will give her much pleasure to have
the honour of being introduced to Col. Burr this evening at
the theatre. FROM ALEXANDER YOUNG. Edinburgh, January 24, 1809.
Mr. Alexander Young presents his best compliments lo
Col. Burr, and sends him the Etymological Dictionary of the
Scottish Language which he mentioned to the colonel yes
terday. Mr. Young regrets very much, that as the colonel leaves
Edinburgh so soon, he will not have the pleasure of seeing
him in his house with a proper party ; but if the colonel will
do him the honour of taking a family dinner with him, either
on Thursday or Friday first, as may be most convenient, at
five o'clock, it will give Mr. Young a great deal of pleasure.
FROM C. HOPE. Edinburgh, January 26, 1809.
Mr. Hope, with his best compliments, sends to Col. Burr
a kind of History of the University, lately printed from an
old manuscript. The colonel will not find much informa
tion in it, but enough to satisfy him that the university has
no history, no foundation, no funds, and depends entirely on
the character of its professors.
FROM D. WILLIAMSON. Edinburgh, January 27, 1809.
My brother's trustees met this morning at nine, and, from
what I see, will be occupied till about eleven. I have an
engagement at that hour. But at twelve I shall be quite

140 PRIVATE JOURNAL
disengaged, and I shall take care to be so the whole day
thereafter, and also for some days.
We have dreadful news from Spain. By our letters yes
terday, General Hope was well. What particular news, if
any, may come this day, I will tell you at our meeting.
From all these disasters, and from the state of matters in
North America, there appears to me to be an absolute ne
cessity for your return to London. The way is now well
paved for you. Letters will be got for you both lo Lord
Moira and to Lord Melville. David Williamson.
TO LORD JUSTICE CLERK. Edinburgh, January 28, 1809.
Colonel Burr proposes to leave town on Sunday morning
for London, and he asks the favour of the Lord Justice
Clerk's commands. He takes the liberty of asking an inter
view with his lordship previous to Thursday morning. Col.
Burr has no engagement, except for dinner this day and to
morrow, and will wait on his lordship, either in town or coun
try, at any hour he may be pleased lo name. Col, Burr had
a great desire of going through Glasgow and Bath, and of
passing one day in each ; but, for reasons which he will have
the honour of stating, he now thinks of going direct to Lon
don. He will, however, on this point also, claim his lord
ship's advice. PROM C. HOPE. Edinburgh, January 29, 1809.
I enclose you a letter for General Alexander Hope, and
you may depend on his taking the proper means to bring
Lord Melville and you together immediately. You will find
him a man of very different energies from those you have
hitherto conversed with on public affairs.
In wishing you a prosperous journey, and every success
in your endeavours for the common interest of our two coun
tries, I have only lo regret that my necessary avocations

OP AARON BURR. 141
made it quite impossible for me to pay you all the attention
I could have wished.
It would gratify me much if you would lake the trouble
to inform me of the result of your communication with Lord
Melville. I have also written by post lo Lord Melville, to
say that you will be in London in a few days, and that I had
charged Alexander Hope to bring you together speedily.
C. Hope.*
TO DAVID WILLIAMSON.
Edinburgh, January 30, 1809.
I wrote to Lord Justice Clerk, as you advised, and had
yesterday the desired interview, which was perfectly satis
factory. This morning he has transmitted me a letter lo
General Alexander Hope, accompanied by a most friendly
note from himself. Nothing was said of Moira either by
him or by me. You must give me a little aid, and you can
give much. Your opinion may be of decisive effect. No
matter to whom expressed, it will find its way. The ac
cess to Lord Melville is very properly prepared.
Can you contrive for me an introduction to Lord Moira ?
A mere introduction might be of little avail. I do not wish
to encumber his levee or his table. It might facilitate an
understanding if he could in anyway be informed of the
language which I have used respecting his American cam
paigns. The enclosed was handed lo me by a well-disposed Amer
ican just as I was leaving London. The paper was then
hostile to me. Please return it at our next meeting, which,
if you do not object, shall be this evening. Can you pro-
cure.me a frank ? If the request be indiscreet, ascribe it to
my ignorance. A. Burr.
» Lord Justice Clerk.

142 PRIVATE JOURNAL

PROM DAVID WILLIAMSON.

Edinburgh, January 30, 1809.
I shall take care of your introduction to Lord Moira. I
intended to have seen you yesterday, but I was far from be
ing well, and the day quite unfavourable.
As to your franks, I send you a card to the lord advo
cate, which you may transmit with your covers. Or, send
all your letters under cover lo General A. Hope ; under
cover again — to the Quarter-master General, Horse Guards,
London. For this purpose I send you a letter lo the gen
eral open, which, after perusal, you will seal and put up
along with your letters under the general cover to him. The
first, therefore, will be requisite only in case you are writing
to any other place than London. If it is to London, then
you may put the lord advocate's card into the fire.
David Williamson.
to mrs. gordon.
Edinburgh, January 30, 1809.
Every day, my dear madam, you are loading me with
some new obligation, which I am unable either lo requite
or lo acknowledge. But the tenour of your note repels this
freedom, and reproaches me for the familiarity. In your
own style, then.
Col. Burr presents respectful compliments. He has re
ceived the note which Mrs. Gordon did him the honour to
write on Wednesday, and has read, with very great satisfac
tion, the several publications which accompanied it. He
will, on Sunday, seek a conversation with her on the several
subjects to which she has done him the honour to lead his
attention.

OF AARON BURR, 143

TO JOHN H. KOE.

Edinburgh, January 31, 1809.
Two sets of enclosures have been received, and with the
last your letter. The bust was in the Hopewell with many
letters ; some in cipher. It is the only occasion by which
I have written fully and freely ; tant pis.
Our opinion on the Pultney case turns out lo be all non
sense. This it is lo give opinions on a law which one has
not seen in eight years. It seems that this is a case not pro
vided for by the state, and that, unless there be some more
recent law, Sir J. L. Johnstone will take the whole.
I have received no letter from Castella. Pray contrive to
tell him so, and also that I hope to be in London within
eight days (perhaps not quite so soon). But you shall not
be again dispossessed of your room and bed.
Tilings are good and cheap here, and the peculiarities of
the Scots and Scotesses amuse me greatly. My stay would
be prolonged were it not for the hope that something better
may be found than mere amusement. A. Burr.
JOURNAL.
Edinburgh, January 1, 1809. Got my best parlour in or
der, expecting Lord Clerk. At twelve Arbuthnol came in,
and afterward Col. Smith. At two went out. Met in the
street and was introduced to Alexander M'Kenzie, author of
Man of Feeling, being on the way to his house. Called on
Jeffrey and handed him a letter. Called on Walter Scott ;
on the lord provost (mayor). While Arbuthnol and Smith
were sitting with me this morning. Lord Clerk called, and
was refused by the stupidity of a servant. Wrote Lord
Justice Clerk, apologizing, accepting his invitation, and en
closing Col. J.'s letter. At five went to dine with Mr. Jar-
dine, an advocate. Delayed a whole hour, not being able
to find the house. The coachman more ignorant than my
self. Met there Erskine, brother of the lord-chancellor and

144 PRIVATE JOURNAL
of the Earl of Buchan, and heir apparent to the title ; Col
onel Alexander Munro ; Madame Munro, The colonel
has been fifteen years in India, and very lately returned ;
the Rev. Mr. Morehead ; Mr, Forbes, son of Sir 
Forbes; Madame Bruce, femme de  Bruce, son of
the traveller. He was confined with the rheumatism and
did not appear ; Henry M'Kenzie, advocate, son of the au
thor of the Man of Feeling,
2, Note from Lord Justice Clerk, Message that the
lord provost would call. Wailed at home till two, he not
coming sorti. Called on Bishop Cameron ; thence to Ar-
buthnot's. Snowstorm ; returned home. Robert Dundas,
during my absence, left a card. While dressing, Mr. and
Mrs, Erskine called — denied. Madame left an invitaticm
for the evening of the 6th, While dressing, also, Mr, Jef
frey and brother, nephew of Jeffrey of Boston. The brother
had known A. B. in Philadelphia ; also, Sir H. Campbell,
for twenty-five years lord president of the court of ses
sions ; also. Lord Frederic Campbell, uncle of Duke of Ar-
gyle, lord register.
4. Mr, Gordon, by appointment, called; sat half an hour ;
tendered all sort of civilities. Sor, at twelve, to Mrs, Lock-
hart, She was a Crawford, born in Holland of Scotch
parents ; to Mrs, Jardine's, where saw Mr, and Mrs,  ;
urge me to pass a day at  , the residence of the great
traveller Bruce, and now of his son and him. To Arbuth-
not's, Mr, Hume came in and claimed acquaintance, having
dined at my house with madame and his two nieces about
1803; is passing some months in town at Mr, Walker's,
who has made a fortune in the East Indies. To Walker's,
Invited to dine, which accepted, hoping to hear fine music.
The daughters amiable ; the two elder, Jolie, belle — la
jeune. Genie. To D. Williamson's, from whom had just
received a very friendly note. He showed me many letters
addressed to Charles Williamson. Saw the liltle Charles
Alexander, Took coach to come home for despatch. Dress

OF AARON BURR, 145
and out at five ; while I was out the Mr. M'Kenzies, father
and son, called and left cards. Found, also, an invitation
from George Dundas and wife, for Wednesday, to which
wrote yes. At dinner at Walker's were the family, Mr.
and Mrs. Hume, Mr. Ogilvie, who had made a fortune in
the East Indies, and wife, very sprightly ; Sir William Fel-
tus, Mrs. Wauchope, Sir of Sir  Baird, her daughter,
a most lovely and fascinating girl. In face and person
something like Miss M'Evers (Mrs. Wm. P. Van Ness) ;
all animation, sensibility, and intelligence ; a son of Mrs.
Wauchope, a very handsome and inteUigent lad, eighteen,
in the navy ; a son of Mr. Ogilvie, twenty-two, also sup
posed in the navy ; les trois M'lle. Walker played and sang
Scotch songs for me. Off at ten.
7. To D. Williamson's, who had received a letter from
Lord Hopetoun, inviting me lo visit Hopetoun House, with
my friends, to dine. To dinner at Jeffrey's ; met Scott
(minstrel), Johnstone, two Jeffreys, &c. Went lo J. Hope's
at nine. The two Misses Hope play delightfully on the piano.
Jane Walker sang, in a style quite new lo me, and very fas
cinating, several Scotch songs.
9. To Jeffrey's. Left with him Bayard's speech, and
Agrestis. To D. Williamson's — not at home. Left a note
for him about dining at Lord Justice Clerk's, and the medi
tated visit to Hopetoun House. Met him as I went out. At
four to Lord J. Clerk's-y-Mrs. Hope, wife of General Hope,
now in Spain. Belle interessenle. Wedderburne ; Lord
Ch. Baron Dundas, nephew and son-in-law of Lord Melville.
Lord J. Clerk, toujour polite.
10. To Williamson chez Major Robertson; lo Duchess'
of Gordon, at Dornbeck's hotel ; elle seule. To the Bride
well, Panopticon. Before going out this evening wrote lo
Williamson, proposing Thursday for the Hopetoun House
parly. Chez Duchess Gordon, Lady Jane Montague, eigh
teen, and her liltle sister.
17. Captain M'Dowall called before I had breakfasted.
Vol, L— G

146 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Walked with him to Leith ; the docks. Engaged to dine
with him on Friday, On return, wrote a note lo Dr, Home
to inform M'lle, Brown of the address of Miss M'Pherson,
and asking for Aske's travels. Read two hours in Aske.
Full of lies. Believe he has never been over the country
he describes. His letter of introduction from Burr to Col
onel Bruin ! At half past nine went lo the Duchess of
Gordon's-y-Lord Montfort, C, Hope, D. Manchester, M'lle.
M'Kenzie, Mr, Walsh causes himself to be introduced to
me by Jeffrey. Supper handsome. After supper, Scotch
reel. Catches, glees. All very gay and social. Left them
dancing at five.
While walking this morning with Lord J. Clerk, he said
that he had just received a letter from Lord Melville about
Gamp., which will require him at London. Arbuthnol called
this morning to introduce Governor Houston, a sprightly,
well-bred man, governor of Grenada. M'lle. Erskine, daugh
ter of the late chancellor — the form, the eyes, the hair, and
manner of Theodosia.
20. Answered M'lle. Williamson's note. Arbuthnol call
ed and brought me letters from Koe, Theodosia, Bollman,
and Madame D'Auvergne. The Hopewell taken, with all
my letters, the bust, &c. My presence in London demanded.
Message from Castella. Sort. To Duchess of Gordon, who
said many civil things. Lord Justice Clerk urges my going
to London. Lord Melville's letter to him.
22. Read an hour in Aske's travels, and did nothing till
twelve, when Captain M'Dowall came in, and we walked
to Holyrood Palace ; a grand structure, far above St. James's.
To the Horse Guards' barracks, a very handsome establish
ment. To Porto Bello, a place for sea-bathing, hot or cold,
in doors or out. A very pretty village, greatly resorted lo
by the Edinburghers and Leithiles in summer, two and a
half miles from Edinburgh and on the sea. Walked along
the shore, a fine beach, lo Leith ; the glassworks ; ahout the
docks, which cannot be too much admired. Leith supposed

OF AARON BURR. 147
to contain twenty thousand inhabitants. Home at three.
Ferguson had called and left his pamphlets. This is the
coldest day, many say, within memory. Sent out porter to
notify M'lle.  I should take tea there.
23. Mr. Hume (Judge Hume) called. The lord advocate
left card and invitation to dine on Friday. Went lo consult
Williamson whether I ought to slay. That the lord advo
cate is the intimate friend of Lord Melville, &c., so sent ac
ceptance. On the way home, met Judge Hume, and walked
with him.
25. Writing Bentham till three. Went to bed, but my
head got so awake and so full of Benlham that I could not
sleep. At eight I got asleep and slept till eleven. While
at breakfast Judge Hume came in ; he always comes to dis
cover how he can serve me, and he always succeeds. At
two came in Mr. Walker, lo ask me to breakfast to-morrow,
seeing that all my dinner hours were preoccupied. As
sented. Sor. at three. Home at four. Found a note and
large package from Mrs. Gordon, of Craig, containing pub
lications and plans about lunatic asylum. To Baron Nor
ton's, Abbey Hill, to dine. Had, by appointment, half hour
with him before dinner. The company were Mrs. Dundas,
the mother of the chief baron, the chief baron, Mr. Boyle, the
solicitor general, Mr. and Mrs. Jardine, Miss Skeene, Mr.
Stewart, Mr. William Dundas, Baron Hepburne, Lady Jane.
Miss Hastie, reported to be sick abed, did not appear. Din
ner and wines excellent. Madeira, Champagne, Hermitage,
Frontignac, malmsey, claret, port, sherry.
Baron Hepburne gave very warm invitation to come and
pass days or weeks with him in E. Lothian, twenty-two
miles from Edinburgh. Came home with him at ten. Con
versation at table general, and of current trifles, and wit
nessed a general wish that England would go lo war with
the United States. Read two hours Mrs. Gordon's pam
phlets, &c.
26. At nine to Walker's to breakfast. Home to give or-
G2

148 PRIVATE JOURNAL
ders (a most furious snowstorm). Sort, immediately in
hack. Took up Judge Hume and went to Jackson's, who,
with Mr. Gray, escorted me lo Harriet's Hospital. One
hundred and forty boys at dinner. Keeperesses and ten
femmes — Scots. Three sick, of whom one lame, feeble
constitution. Boys under ten and above seven are admitted.
Sent out lo trades, &c., at fourteen. — pounds lo each on
going out. More to those exhibiting literary talents. In
come £5000 sterhng, and will in six years be £10,000.
Food and clothing. Good faith to prevent detection of one
who had plundered potatoes. All cut piece from their coats.
During Jackson's administration, five and a half years, not
a death. Went lo dine at Alexander Young's-y-Mr. Stew
art, a very handsome, intelligent young man. Also  ,
who had been some years in the East Indies. A prisoner at
Mauritius. Knew Madame Hulol — tres gallant. Conver
sation — of the education and talent of women. Great de
bate — of Jeremy Bentham and of Dugald StewalM. Home
at eleven. At the instance of M'lle. Crofton, took home and
read Review of Cavallos, and of Hon. Parnell on penal
laws against Irish Papists. On our return from Harriet's
Hospital to-day we heard the news of the battle of Corun-
na, and of the death of Sir John Moore.
27, Dinner with lord advocate, sa femme (mere de
seven enf,), tres joL, and of most fascinating sweetness and
loveliness. At half past nine, being about lo go, the lord
advocate and madame urged so much that I would slay lo
supper, and Sir A. M'Kenzie joining, that I assented, and
stayed till twelve. The lord advocate spoke of J. B.
Said that he had endeavoured, but in vain, to get access to
him. Mrs. C. took a lively interest in all that was said of
him. Took list of his works. Sir A. M'Kenzie loaded
me with all sort of civilities. Urged to visit, &c. Home
at twelve. Sir A. M'Kenzie walked with me.
30. Yesterday, as I was going out to dine, a servant of
the Duchess of Gordon gave me a verbal message, with

OP AARON BURR. 149
compliments, asking me to sup with her that evening ! Did
not go nor send any answer. Called this morning and saw
her. Some civil reproaches. Invited to the like this even
ing. Just before I went to WiUiamson's, her servant caUed
to say that, being suddenly much indisposed, she could not
see company this evening. Doubtless, the decease of her
nephew. Col. Maxwell, who died of a wound received at
Corunna. 30. Went to bed at twelve, being excessively tired and
sleepy. Nevertheless, could not sleep. Took ten dr. of
laud. Still no sleep ; took sixteen more, and about four got
dozing and lay till ten. Arbuthnol caUed and sat half an
hour. At twelve to Manners and Miller's bookstore, to meet
James Gordon of K., as per appointment, to go to court.
Gordon had waited half an hour and had gone. Mr. Mil
ler's politeness. Went with me lo court. Lord Justice
Clerk sends a clerk to provide me a proper seat, &c. F.
Jeffrey speaking. Stayed one hour. " My lud and my
luds" — my head in very bad order. Home at two, intend
ing to go and discharge all my visits ; but too stupid with
the laudanum. At three to the Duchess of Gordon's. Con
versation — Duke of York and the attack on him. Of the
Duke of York's mistresses. Of men of straw, the father
and son. Returning, M'Kenzie overtook me ; invited me to
his house to-morrow evening.
Edinburgh, February 1, Wrote to Jeremy Bentham an
hour. Received answer from the lord advocate, with franks,
and notice that he was ready for M'lle, H, Note from Wil
liamson with two great letters. Wrote to remind him of
Sir J. Sinclair and Lord Moira, Sent my letters to post-
office, having enclosed lo Jeremy Bentham Theodosia's let
ter and Clara's,*
At three sorti to Duchess of Gordon's, Sat one hour.
Conversation of politics ; Duke of York ; revolution ; asked
* Madame D'Auvergne, but better known as Leonora Sansay, author of the
Horrors of St. Domingo, &c.

150 PRIVATE JOURNAL
to see her in London, To lord advocate's ; met, and went
together. Mademoiselle HamUton-y-Mr, Edgeworth, brother
of Miss Edgeworth, author, &c., and two ladies. Many
civilities from the lord advocate. To A. Young's, To
Walker's ; regret of Emily that Gamp, failed at the con
cert. Most affectionate adieu. To R. Dunbar's ; after wait
ing ten minutes at the door for answer, left card of conge.
To Mrs. Erskine's. To Hope's, who chased and over
took me, to bring me back to dine with him, which declined.
To Governor Houston's, To M'lle, Williamson's, Home,
Ordered beefsteak. To Arbuthnot's, Saw Mr. and Ma
dame, and her mere and four children — " I ken'd ye," He
offers to take my biU for £50. Home and dressed for the
evening at M'Kenzie's. At M'K.'s Lord Webb Seymour
came in,
2, Sleepless night. Rose at ten. Judge Hume called.
At twelve to Holyrood Palace. To Arbuthnol, who took
my bill on Graves for £50. At one went to take passage
in the mail. It is full. Lo ! kept till to-morrow. Very
lucky, for it was impossible to clear out reputably. Took
passage in union coach for to-morrow, five A. M. Seven,
guineas. Tavern bill £20. Sor. at three. To Miss
Brown. To Jeffrey's. Home at four. Wrote a long letter
to Madame Gordon ; one to Bentham. Sorting papers three
hours. At two began lo pack up. Three guineas to ser
vants. In the evening, a note to Arbuthnol, and his reply.
Mrs. M'Dowall's note, enclosing a letter for Mrs. Span,
which I did not answer !
** * **•*«*
London, February 7. Arrived at eleven this evening at
the Saracen's Head, Snowhill. The usual time of arrival is
one P. M., but the coachman and the guard got both a little
boozy, and each had a girl. Stopped every few miles lo
drink. The coachman extremely insolent. With great
difficulty got a very dirty bed, in a room with another, and,
after an hour's perseverance, got a little fire and a glass of

OF AARON BURR. 151
hot lemonade. Went below in the public room to smoke a
pipe. No segars. Two very inteUigent young men there.
One a foreigner, looking very like Gallatin. They both
made approaches for acquaintance, which, pour des raisons,
I received distantly.
8. Breakfasted in coffee-room. To hotel, Covent Garden,
to see Randolph and Meeker. Both gone. Took their ad
dress from the barkeeper. To the Horse Guards, where
saw Gen. A. Hope, bien requ. To Queen's Square Place-
y-J. B. and J. H. K., and a young deputy secretary. Bien
retju. Stayed to dinner, Out at ten ; raining, took K.'s
umbrella, having lost my own. Koe overtook me at Charles
X., having run all that way in the rain; sent by Bentham lo
bring me back to sleep, he not suspecting that I was going
off. Apologized. At Benlham's found Theodosia's letter
of the third of January, and one of September.
9. Breakfasted at eleven at Saracen's Head. Domestic
demanded my name. To Graves's ; he had been a fortnight
out of town. Returned home ; paid my bill, ten shiUings
and sixpence. Domestics, four shillings and sixpence.
Took my baggage and went lo call on W. P.M.; out. Left
for his perusal the letter I had written to Graves. To Horse
Guards lo deliver Gen. Hope another letter, which I had
overlooked. He being engaged, left the letter. To Q. S.
P. at three. Note from Gen. Hope, proposing an interview
to-morrow. W. P. Meeker came in at seven. The bill
from Edinburgh paid.
10. CasleUa came in, and we walked out together. It was
with regret that I left Benlham, having intended to join in
his morning's walk ; K. not having returned from Hampstead,
where he went yesterday to dine at General Benlham's with
Miranda, who had known the general in Russia. To D.
M. R.'s ; he has abandoned poetry and taken to the manufac
ture of shoes, which I think wiU turn out something. To
Mrs. Duval's, who gave me the new address of Lewis.
Madame Duval knew Miss Emily Devisme, daughter of

152 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Gerard; says she is twenty-five, and has £200 per annum.
To Lewis Duval's, to whom told the story of White, book-
seUer. He advised me lo employ an attorney, and sent for
Humphreys, lo whom I gave the papers.
Resolved to change my residence. Bentham's house is
too full with this new secretary ; but for a more cogent rea
son, arising out of the difficulty with White respecting the
books sent to Alston. The benevolent heart of J. B. shall
never be saddened by the spectacle of Gamp's arrest ! So
I have said that I should dine abroad to-day.
At two to Horse Guards. Interview and free conversa
tion with General Hope. He says Lord M. will write to
me, inviting an interview at his first moment of leisure. To
Q. S. P. at three. Remain an hour. Out to look for ob
scure lodgings. Got suited at a huckster's (Dunn), 35
James-street. Roved about for two hours without any ob
ject. At seven to D. M. R.'s ; he gave me a letter which
he got from General Lyman, United States' consul general.
It is from E. Bollman, dated August, and brought by Prime,
an Englishman. Mr. Skipwith, late United Stales' consul
at Paris, came in — cold and formal.
11. Castella came in at ten. To Duval's at eleven,
whence wrote a note to Humphreys, asking what he had to
communicate. Received reply, requesting an interview.
To his house. He had written to T., the attorney of White,
who agreed lo suspend prosecution tiU T. had seen the pa
pers ; but T. says it is probable he shaU do something on
Monday, being the last return day this term. To Vickey's
about peruke. To Galberti's about shoes. Mem. — On the
way lo Duval's bought a settee. Pourquoi ? For the chess
player, lo whom I am in debt. CaUed on  to apologize
and atone for the failure on Wednesday evening — out. To
Q. S. P. at four. Told Bentham what I had been doing,
and of my resolution to go. Said nothing to him of White.
After a free, candid, and friendly explanation, he consented
lo my departure. My address is to be stiU at Q, S, P,

OP AARON BURR. 153
18. To Arlington-Street. Lord Melville not up. De
sired to caU at twelve. Walked home in the rain. At
twelve, took coach. Found him. Received in the most
kind and frank manner. After sitting half an hour, he was
caUed down. A gentleman waiting to say one word to him.
Il was lo inquire if Col. Burr were not there ! which, being
answered in the affirmative, he apologized and went off.
Not known lo Lord Melville. This interview had been
invited by a note from Lord M. yesterday.
19. Koe called at one ; says the orders in council are to
be repealed. Took a note from me lo Milne, inquiring about
vessels for New-York.
March 4. Madame P. had been out and met some one
who talked of Gamp. ! That she should have met any one
who spoke of Gamp, was a little surprising and not pleasant.
Many conjectures, under what name. Of R. was impossi
ble. Of B. not probable, yet possible ! The first sugges
tion was that he must instantly remove. Went lo bed think
ing much and concluding nothing. M. would not explain.
Madame made the fire and got breakfast as usual. Regard
triste, sombre, pas maligne. A sort of explanation ensued.
Madame said that one of her acquaintance had met us
walking the evening of the second, and knowing lui, on Fri
day had made the remarks by description and not by any
name. Packed up some, and transported to Q. S. P. other
of my things.
Arrived at Little Gaddesden at seven. Bartlett's servant
waiting to receive me. Engaged bed at the tavern and went
up lo B.'s. The family and M'Ue. BaiUe. After lea caUed
on Major Gamble, who offered me a room ; but Madame
Bartlelt had provided a room, fire, &c. ; would take no refu
sal. So sent for my trunk and look my quarters at B.'s.
19. Arrived in Madame A.'s chariot with M'Ue. C. Very
ill of a headache. I could not sit up in the carriage. Kind
solicitude des dames. Got to my dinner at five. Madame
F. and Mr. Hosack abroad. No fire ; lay on the sofa till
G3

154 PRIVATE JOURNAL
eight. From anxiety about some letters expected, made
great effort and went to Q. S. P. A letter from D. M'K,,
barely civil and a flat refusal. Note from Mr. Forbes.
Ditto from GuiUemard, containing a most curious sort of
apology. Returned chez moi, and again took to sofa. Drank
crem. tart, punch. No effect. Mr. H. came in at ten, and
amused me with the news of the day and his little inci
dents. Says Capt. S,, of the Herkimer, is a great friend of
Gamp., and offers his service. Also Capt.  , of the Ju
piter, who lately sailed. Madame P. came in at half past
ten. Did not see her. At twelve went lo her chamber ;
in violent hysterics. Would not see me.
TO MRS. GORDON. Edinburgh, February 2, 1809.
You will herewith receive Bentham's Sketches on the
Poor Laws. Before I had spoken to you on this subject,
they had been promised to Mr. Ferguson, advocate, George-
street. To him, after perusal, be pleased to send them. I
wish, however, that Mrs. Hamilton (or Miss HamUton)
could read them. They apply more directly to her object
than to yours. You shaU have another set, and some other
works of the same exalted genius on similar topics.
You have not now to " enlist" me, I was enhsted^in your
service from the day we first met. You have only to point
out my duty. You had almost persuaded me that I was of
some importance, and could be of some use ; but, in spile of
aU your pretty flattery, it is manifest that I am a mere
cipher ; a detached atom, without influence or connexion,
whose interference would be deemed officious. Do not,
however, imagine that I abandon your cause. No, never,
never, any cause in which you are engaged.
The only mode now occurring lo me in which there is the
slightest probability of my being of the least possible service
is this : I shall have occasion to see both Sir John Sinclair
and the lord advocate (members of parliament) ; if you will

OF AARON BURR. 155
so manage as to interest them in the business, I will lose no
occasion of prompting and stimulating them. Can you in
dicate any other mode in which I can be an agent?
A, Burr,
TO JEREMY BENTHAM.
Edinburgh, February 2, 1809.
Within an hour after forwarding my despatches of the 1st
instant, I had the good fortune to finish, lo my satisfaction,
that little negotiation mentioned as the pretence for delay.
And now, having no other plausible excuse to offer to my
self; and as well my right honourable friend, as the brother
of my deceased friend, urging my departure as a thing of
moment — I obey. Yet of that importance I believe not one
word. Nevertheless, I go ; to-morrow, adieu to Edinburgh.
One day is allowed to see the minstrel at York ; and, if
Cambridge should not entice me out of the road, I shall take
tea with you on Wednesday evening. But, before writing,
I must set lo work to pack up, assort and burn papers, &c.
During the which operation, that little billet doux will un
doubtedly be found. No, no, I can never see your face
tUl that is found. From gaUantry, you know, you must rave,
and storm, and scold. This must be forestaUed, and I go
forthwith lo work.
Il is found ; but after such labour ! You, who have seen
the beautiful order observed in a certain room in Q. S. P.,
may form some judgment. I have gone over, and burned or
filed, and marked every paper in my possession ; and this
little billet was the last that came to my hands or view.
Again I have heaped some maledictions on that " one of"
I have cut out of her letter lo me one sentence. The whole
is too long lo be sent. I know you would read it, and it
would only fatigue your eyes and waste your time. It will
be always at your command. During the search, however,
I made a very important discovery. K.'s letter of the 17th
January was enclosed in a little piece of dirty printed paper.

156 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Not suspecting that anything could be written on such a
scrap, it was thrown aside, and it is surprising that it was
not thrown into the fire. It was fortunately preserved, and
it informs me that you have written me a long letter under
cover lo Dr. C. How the receipt of that letter would have
elevated and cheered me. The mere knowledge that such
a letter had been written would have been consoling. I
have a good mind to go round by Oxford lo get il ; but there
will be time on the road to resolve. The same scrap men
tions a letter enclosed to me by your friend, an M. P. That
letter was received, and, after some hesitation, delivered. I
never formed an acquaintance with so much reluctance. I
had resolved to hate him. After seeing the sort of man, I
formed other views. We have become familiar acquaint
ances. If he should again have occasion lo speak of one
Jeremy Benlham, I am greatly deceived if it shall not be
with more reverence.
You will not hear from me again before my arrival in
London. I was about to^write you some idle incidents, but
this paper-hunting has consumed so much time that it is
now one o'clock. I have half a dozen little notes of courtesy
to answer, and all my baggage to pack up. In some of our
walks, you will hear all that is worth hearing. You perceive
that I intend reforming. A Burr.
TO MRS. GORDON. Edinburgh, February 2, 1809.
I will send all, and answer all before leaving town, which
is further delayed tUl to-morrow morning. At this moment
I am extremely occupied with all those vexatious trifles with
which one is always overwhelmed at the moment of de
parture. Excuse me till evening. A. Burr.

OF AARON BURR. 157

PROM D. WILLIAMSON.

Edinburgh, February 1, 1809.
I enclose for you a letter to Sir John Sinclair. I have
mentioned pretty strongly the necessity of our now cordially
endeavouring to draw a close and friendly communication
with North America, of which there was, at present, but
¦ little prospect but through your means.
Sir John employed my brother to get him seeds from
North America, which Morris* of New- York writes would
be sent this fall. I have reason to think that they would be
addressed lo the care of Capt. Smith. Not recoUecting ex
actly where Captain Smith resides, I have referred Sir John
Sinclair lo you for information. And if you can otherwise
assist Sir John in that way, you will find it, in your political
matters, of very considerable use and importance. Every
man must be taken in his own way.
Lord Moira's letters wOl be sent lo you under cover lo
Gen. Alexander Hope. Let us hear from you how all things
bear, &c. David Williamson.
P.S. As soon as you are fixed in town, send me down a
note of your address. Whenever you are at a loss about
persons, write. You have no occasion lo enter at large into
anything. Remember to draw as close as possible to Lord
Melville. You will find him an open, bold, manly character ;
totally incapable of the least disguise. Of course, you must
be the same with him. In all that quarter, the more you
rest on the intimacy with my brother, you will find it the
better. D. W,
* Thomas Morris, late United States Marshal for the district of New-York,
son of the celebrated revolutionary financier, Robt. Morris, and an intimate friend
of Col. Williamson.

158 PRIVATE JOURNAL

PROM WILLIAM ARBUTHNOT,

Edinburgh, February 2, 1809.
The stockings lo be knil by the great-grandmother of
John M'Donald shall be transmitted to you along with those
manufactured by the Right Honourable Lord Provost. I
wish you much good wearing out of both, Mrs. Arbuthnol,
who was just going to her room when your note arrived,
begs you will accept her best wishes for a pleasant journey,
as well as for a continuance of health and happiness. Adieu.
William Arbuthnot.
FROM MRS. m'dONALD.
Edinburgh, February 2, 1809.
Mrs. M'Donald begs CoL Burr wUl accept of her thanks
for his attention in offering to be the bearer of her remem
brances lo her friends in Hertfordshire. She has availed
herself of his politeness by enclosing a letter, which she re
quests he will have the goodness lo lake in charge for Mrs.
Span. Mr. and Mrs. M'Donald unite in the offer of best respects
to Col. Burr, and in the hope, if he again visits Scotland,
they shall frequently have the pleasure of seeing him.
FROM THEODOSIA. New-York, February 1, 1809.
Your letters to the 24th November reached me two days
ago. A voyage to join you at any season, and through any
danger, would be a most delightful party of pleasure to me ;
but it is now impracticable. The funds on which you cal
culated are not yet procured. But console yourself with the
most unanswerable objection to this voyage — my health is
better. Rehef has not yet been obtained, but my strength,
spirits, and appearance I have very much regained, and I
trust that nature will soon effect the rest. E.'s " divine"
medicine has received a trial of more than three months' du-

OF AARON BURR. 159
ration without having produced any sensible effect. My
health, I believe, has returned thus much by the help of a
naturally good constitution ; a mind more at ease, and a
bracing climate ; rather in spite of the mercury than by its
assistance. You may recollect that I gave Hosack's preparation a
trial. He is ignorant of my application to Eustis (so let him
remain, I entreat), and advises me to continue taking his
medicine. A short lime since he advised me lo resume the
use of the Ballston waters ; now, before I touched them, he
strenuously prohibited them, lest they should excite inflam
mation. He wants to bleed, but " nolo." I have tried the
Ballston waters to-day, notwithstanding the interdiction, and
you will have some idea of the alteration in my habit when
I tell you that one smaU tumbler and a half gave me a slow
fever, pain in the back, burning, and every sensation of ap
proaching rehef. They were drank, too, at the interval of
some hours. I will not take any more mercury. It renders
abortive the advantages of climate, ruins my teeth, and will
destroy my constitution. There is little doubt in my mind
that perfect health will soon return.
Mari will not come. He is detained by business bona
fide. My plan is, if I recover, lo return home in the spring.
The seashore house is sold, and, therefore, we shall inevita
bly go to the mountains. The air there is good. The sea
voyage and land journey will both benefit me, I promise
you not to remain longer than a very few days in the Low
Country, This vagrant life fatigues me. For many rea
sons, which you may imagine, a return to my proper res
idence will now be best, as my health wiU not be injured
by it. Do not fear for me, I will take care of myself bet
ter than heretofore, I promise you most solemnly. You
should not have tantalized me with this proposed voyage.
It is quite out of my reach. My great consolation is the
hope of having more lime lo improve myself by remaining
quiet at home.

160 PillVATE JOURNAL
It is said that inducements and incitements to raise the
non-importation act cannot be offered lo advantage before
May. It is inconceivable lo me why you did not receive
letters by the late packet, I have written most regularly.
It has been my greatest pleasure. None of the books or
papers you wish are sent. This is very dutiful ! I feared
to trust them lo any one without more positive orders.
This over-care and reposing on orders is not much to my
liking ; but my detention makes so material an alteration, that
I think this one of the very few instances in which it may
be allowed,
I am sorry Jeremy Bentham likes cats, I hale them ; but
henceforth I shall treat them with infinite deference, and,
whenever a cat crosses my way, make her my obeisance
as one of the family of his chosen favourites. You must
not talk to Mr. Bentham when writing in cipher. It causes
you to make errors. You know I love to convict you of
an error, as some philosophers seek for spots in the sun.
The bust of Mr. Bentham and the map of London have not
been received. The loss of the former would really afflict
me, and I still hope that it is not lost. With what pride
would I receive the image of your kind friend !
You need not enjoin me lo love E. A. I do so already.
Our meeting was not mentioned by me, because it happened
at a time when the most dreadful apathy rendered me insen
sible lo everything, save painful feelings. I have lately re
ceived a warm and friendly answer to a letter I wrote to
W  n* before you left this. There is but one newspaper
such as I wished in being ; a manuscript copy is sent me.
Do you recollect a Commodore Lewis, who resides at Am-
boy ? He has pressed me repeatedly, and in the most urgent
manner, to spend some months with Mrs. Lewis. I shall
pay them a visit before my departure. Our old friend, John
* This refers to a letter from General John P. Van Ness, enclosing a manu
script copy of Col. Burr's Farewell Address to the Senate. — See Burr's Memoirs,
vol. ii., page 360.

op AARON BURR. 161
Swartwout, is on a visit here. He looks well; he now and
then spends an hour with me. Mr. and Mrs. Wickham
were at the springs last summer after I had left it. They
are well, and he continues to be your friend and advocate
upon all occasions.
Apropos of the springs. When there, I spent three weeks
at H. Walton's, and nowhere have I received such unfeign
ed marks of friendship : nowhere met with more sincere
hospitality. She is amiable, and possesses that sort of
soothing, cheerful tenderness so bewitching in a woman,
so cordial to the sick. Love them for my sake. Could you
write her a few lines ? It will gratify me and flatter her.
To the last day, inclusive, their kindness was unremitting.
If you should ever have a dollar to spare, purchase a few
sheets of the newest and most admired church music, as a
present from me to Mrs. Walton. This is her favourite style
of musical composition.
You inquire what you shall send Frederic. Would not
some treatise upon agriculture and the dairy, or some seeds
of the finest grapes and best wheat, be at once pleasing and
serviceable ? He sometimes thinks seriously of becoming
cotton planter, and residing with me at the mountains. I do
not know what will be his determination.
I have been doing a strange thing lately. It was supposed
that the embargo would continue a long time. Government
announced an intention to fit out thirty cruisers, to sail about
our coast and stop runaway vessels. Poor  wanted the
command of one. He had no friends. He besought me to
write a petition in his name. I yielded to his entreaties.
In writing, I thought of nothing but the petition, and said
civil things to Mr, Jefferson, though, upon cool reflection, it
would have been much less irksome to do him a serious
service than to flatter him. The author of the petition re
mains unknown. Several gentlemen signed it. Many saw
it, and all asked by whom it was written, assuring success
to any one who should present it. Now that there is a pros-

162 PRIVATE JOURNAL
pect of a free trade once more, I regret that it was written.
The clouds at the eastward are vanishing. AU wUl remain
quiet, I believe, without doubt. More of this at the last mo
ment. Did I teU you Sam left me last summer, and left me
in the most ungrateful, insolent manner ? The friends of
physiognomy may exult; for he furnished, during good be
haviour, as strong an argument against it as Socrates. I
have procured an excellent housekeeper to go home with me,
and a tolerable tutor for B. February 19.
Eighteen days have elapsed since the above was written,
and there is no news to add. Nothing has occurred, nothing
altered. Shall it always be so with us ? All nature changes.
Day has followed night. There have been revolutions in the
seasons ; but our fates, which appear ever like black impend
ing clouds ready lo burst, still threaten, and still remain the
same. I had hoped long before this to have done something
efficient in your pecuniary concerns ; but the important per
son is stUl from home. A letter received yesterday informs
me of this again, and adds that he is expected daily. This
has been the case for months. As soon as he reaches his
place of destination, he will receive a visit from me. This
is the only hope of success. Great Heaven ! how truly
miserable your situation renders me. What is to be done ?
Yet do not despair. Wait a little longer ; perhaps the next
packet may bring you all you wish.
Of political affairs, the papers will tell you all I know.
Many think that the late proceedings will produce a war
with Great Britain ; and I have been seriously told that it
would not be in my power to return home by water, because
our coasts would soon be lined with English cruisers. I
hope not so, in my heart. Your acquaintance, Mr. Smith,*
arrived a few days since, out of spirits and disappointed.
He has left us again with new courage. He has not con-
* Samuel Swartwout.

OF AARON BURR. 163
tributed to enliven me. Already anxious and distressed
about you, he has rendered me doubly so by the addition
of unavailing regrets, and the dreadful conviction that I have
been the cause of real injury to you by the delay my iUness
occasioned. This I had felt before, but it never appeared
to me in its full extent till after my conversation with him.
The poignant sufferings this idea has occasioned me are in
describable ; and though my life has been saved by it, I can
not rejoice at il, from a belief that your happiness wUl greatly
depend on my existence. And can I then remunerate you
for such sacrifices merely by living ? Under every sort of
misery, this reflection would make me careful of life, as of
a treasure which I have in keeping for you, to be spent in
your service.
My boy improves charmingly, particularly in writing, and
we are impatiently looking forward to the period when he
will be able to write you a letter. I have not once thanked
you for your magnificent present. Though you have been
unexpectedly prevented from making it, the intention goes
lo my heart. The bust of Mr. Bentham does not come, and
I begin to fear that il is lost. My veneration for him is en
thusiastic. As he is fond of plants, perhaps a few seeds of
benne and okro may be acceptable lo him. I have sent to
Frederic's for some, and shall send them by Mr. S. Mr,
Bentham's fondness for botany has determined me to study
it. I have hitherto had an aversion to the pursuit, from a
belief that it was a mere science of words. But the idea of
pursuing a track which has been illuminated by his presence
would throw a charm over the driest labours. Perhaps, iu
that new country, unexplored by the eye of science, it may
be my good fortune to make some little discovery which will
please him. If his bust should be lost, will it be in your
power to get me another ?
You must not show my letters to any one, I am yet
heavy and spiritless. Not out of spirits. "Mais depourvue
d'esprit." My mind feels awakening at times, and I am

164 PRIVATE JOURNAL
amusing myself in Spanish. I have taken but few lessons,
and it will not be in my power lo make much progress, as
the master comes only thrice a week, and my departure from
hence is not very distant. I hope and trust it will be in my
power to make some arrangement of your pecuniary con
cerns before I leave this part of the world. Unless success
ful in this, I shall go with a very, very heavy heart. March 8.
This day has arrived and passed over. Yet of all the events
which, at the commencement of my letter, I imagined must
happen before this, not one has occurred. I find that I am
StiU a child, and look forward to a few weeks as an age big
with important changes in my situation, and destined to be
marked by innumerable improvements in myself. Perhaps,
like the great herd of mankind, I too am doomed lo look
back with continual disappointment in both these expecta
tions. Yet I do not believe that they proceed from an in
nate or instinctive disposition, ordained as the means of ren
dering life more dear, so much as from long habit. In the
happy days of childhood, occurrences new, and even great in
our estimation, are daily taking place. Thus, too, without
thinking of our characters or caring for knowledge, we every
day find our minds enlarged. It is a long time before we
can bring ourselves to calculate on the uniformity of middle
life ; and when, at length, experience has taught us this, we
are again altering ; but how differently ! There is now no
hope of amelioration in your pecuniary concerns.
The inaugural speech of Mr. Madison has just come out.
It is not enclosed, because you wiU, no doubt, see it in the
newspapers. Il is said that, so far from being influenced,
as was generaUy supposed, he wUl act a most independent
part. Even Mr. Jefferson professes not to know by whom
any office is to be filled. When questioned, he declares his
ignorance and the reserve of Mr. Madison. Giles, too, cor
roborates this. On this you wiU form your own conclu-

OP AARON BURR. 165
sions. I have thought it a piece of policy lo conceal a de
termination of being guided. But il may be otherwise.
The embargo, too, you already know, is lo be raised at
least on the 14lh instant, and on the 20th of May the non-
intercourse bill wUl lake effect. The consequence of the
last measure, it is supposed, will be a war with England.
She only can lake our merchantmen ; she must do it. The
eastern people will be provoked at the loss of their vessels,
and even they will thus ultimately join in what they now
reprobate. The alteration of Mr. S.'s plan prevents me from sending
the seeds, and a pound or two of the Padre souchong which
remains of Anne's second present. I have thought of burn
ing this letter and commencing another ; yet another would
not be more interesting ; it might be shorter, and you will
have to wade through a great deal of useless nonsense ; but
you will perceive my wishes and hopes as they have arisen
and been extinguished.
61 looks like 16. There is a cipherical quibble for you.
I forgot to tell you that Mrs. B. Moore has showed me more
attenlions, and. given me more frequent marks of affection,
by much, than any other person. Scarcely a day passes
unmarked by some new proof of kindness. Theodosia.
from sir william strickland. Edinburgh, February 2, 1809.
Sir WiUiam Strickland has only just now (three o'clock)
received Col. Burr's note, and shaU be happy lo renew his
acquaintance with him, if Col. Burr wiU do him the honour
of dining with him at half past four o'clock, or of calling
upon him at any lime afterward in the evening.

166 PRIVATE JOURNAL
TO JEREMY BENTHAM. Edinburgh, January 23^ 1809.
This sheet of paper is large enough in truth, but how and
with what it will be fiUed, I am as unconscious as the
whiskey-bottle on my table. I set out, as you know, re
solved lo write you daily, and to write you everything, and
the resolution has been pretty well kept ; but, in the first
place, I had commenced on too large a scale (a sheet is
enclosed by way of sample) ; and then, on my arrival, the
disappointment in the franking matter was fatal to the
execution of my plan. Yet on every evening I have writ
ten you something. Every hour of every day I have con
versed with you. In solitude, in company, at dinners, routes,
balls — during the discussion of things the most remote from
all association with you, you appear and look me in the face,
but eminently in the midst of my foUies. Why is it so ?
You are present ; yet always with a look so benign and
complacent that cheers ; sometimes, perhaps, admonishes.
Once, indeed, though still a smUe, there was a look of in
quiry and surprise. " What the d — I do you, do. here ?"
Since leaving London I have not written a letter to any
human being, save that to Koe, and three lines of business
to Graves, except trifling matters of courtesy in this vicin
age. Not a line to any American friend by the last packet ;
not even lo Theodosia. In my state of nuUity I wish to be
forgotten till I can rise to view in a shape worthy of the
hopes of my friends. This, however, is not applicable to
you nor lo Theodosia, and yet I am silent lo you both, as
far as either of you know ! And now, just returned from
passing two hours, intensely occupied in researches into
Natural History (zoology), sublimed and tranquUlized by the
acquisition of much useful and curious knowledge, on this
Tuesday night, being the 23d of January, anno dom. 1809,
at the silent and haUovved hour of one — nay, then, it must be
Wednesday the 24th, at one A. M. What a fatal interrup-

OP AARON BURR, 167
lion lo a fine poetic sentence, which was to tell you, what
could never have been otherwise known, that I was writing
lo you. So the great Virgil begins, " I am going to sing
you a song ;" which all the world admires. But at this
rate, this vast surface may be filled without teUing you
anything. As you seem a little impatient to know some
thing of where I am and what about, you may skip over all
till the next line. Very practicable in Ireland,
I was provoked to this undertaking by a conversation
lately had, of which you were the subject. It has been my
daUy practice, not avowing my own opinions, stiU less my
feelings, lo throw out, incidentally, something lo sound.
When I find a man who knows nothing of you, which (with
blushes be it said) has sometimes happened, I pity him ;
but when one, pretending a knowledge of your works, uses
" very able, very ingenious," or any such trite epithets, I
hate him, and am disposed lo quarrel. This has often hap
pened. We were fifteen at table. Two physicians, a judge,
four advocates, seven ladies (women are here a part of
society), and one anomaly, the Moheigungk, [N. B, Man
hattan was the Indian name of the Island of New- York,
Moheigungk one of the nations inhabiting it.] I had talked
a good deal, and apparenj;]y to the satisfaction of the hearers.
Not lo satiate, and with other views, I changed the subject
to Scotch reform. (Point de physique.) How amiable was
that trait ; how it has sunk into my heart ! Where was the
friend who would have had the candour, the sensibUity, the
boldness ? Mr. Ferguson, an advocate of respectable stand
ing (author of a book on national defence), without prompt
ing, spoke of you and your work on that subject (Scotch
reform) in terms which pleased me. The occasion being
suitable, and the company in good-humour with me, " I made
a speech." Ferguson supported me. Most of those pres
ent took a list of your works, &c., and I came home in good-
humour with myself. F. called on me the next morning.
While we were sitting together. Sir Hay Campbell, formerly

168 PRIVATE JOURNAL
president of the court of sessions, and now one of the com
mittee on the reform, came in, Ferguson, being full of you,
began to talk. Told Sir Hay that your pamphlet had given
him quite a new view of the subject, and said many hand
some things, and expressed a very strong wish that your
attention could again be called to it,
Tuesday, January 31. You wUl not be able to conceive
any good reason for this intermission of eight days. To ac
count for it satisfactorily might consume eight more. Leav
ing, therefore, for the present, my reputation to its fate, we
proceed. The lord advocate, M. P. for Edinburgh, has
sought me out. If there were time, I think we should be
come friends. He professes to be one of your admirers.
Says that, as often as he has been in London, he has in vain
endeavoured lo get access to you. I rather indiscreetly ten
dered my services to procure him that honour when he should
be next in London (a fortnight hence). The vanity of pre
tending influence with the great is quite an English foible,
and I hope venial. In justice to myself, it must be added,
that the overture was qualified with reservations regarding
your health, your habits, and the importance of your lime.
Before you decide against the interview, I must be heard.
You have several new female friends here. Among them
one a little prone lo writing, who may possibly assail you in
that way. If so, and you should design to reply, which I have
rendered extremely doubtful, say nothing of A. B., unless,
if necessary, in those commonplace terms, of which you may
borrow for the occasion from your tenant, who has a fine
collection. Many of the ladies of this place are enthusias-
ticaUy engaged in promoting benevolent institutions, and it
is on these topics that I have gained importance with them,
by strutting about adorned with shreds stolen from you ; but
without giving you any sort of credit — though I am greatly
afraid they will find me out when they come to read. Now
for something of self. In truth, this has been the principal
subject all along ; but now more e.xclusively.

OP AARON BURR. 169
I have got on pretty well here, and with rather more dis
cretion than usually falls lo my lot, not having said or done,
publicly, more than twenty outrageously silly things. Avoid
ing all ugly, naughty topics. From any man, save one, if I
cannot vanquish, I can escape. In the hands of that one, I
am just what Theodosia is in mine. This was perceived
after the first two hours ; and seeing no retreat, nor anything
better to be done, I surrendered, tame and unresisting, to be
disarmed, stripped, hacked, hewed, dissected, skinned, turned
inside out, at the will and mercy of the operator. Much
good may it do him.
My late friend Charles Wilhamson was greatly esteemed
by persons of the first distinction in this region, and had
their confidence. He had talked much of me, and had done
full justice. Full justice, allowing the utmost claims of van
ity. The gentleman to whom your new tenant wrote in my
behalf has entered into my concerns with intelligence and
with zeal. He has written lo Lord Moira, and has received
answers of an auspicious tenour. You may thank the new
tenant for me, if you think proper, though, in fact, his friend
made advances, and asked me to his house before I had an
nounced myself. Yet I have no very confident hopes. This
friend of the tenant says I must be off; that I shall be in
demand yonder. I have a further litlle purpose in view,
auxiliary lo the same object. When that shall fail or be ac
complished, I go. You will hear from me again from this
place, but you cannot write to me. The residue of my pro
jected lour is for the present given up. Within four or five
days I shall be on my way to London, by sea or land.
Theodosia's note is enclosed, for I have found a frank, I
could choke her for her " one of," I never did class you with
any man or description of men ; but poor, dear little soul, il is
a new evidence of debility. Indeed, I almost despair of her
recovery. The capture of the Hopewell is, on many ac
counts, vexatious ; but distressing, as it will prevent her
from receiving, perhaps until this day, my advice as lo a
Vol. I.— H

170 PRIVATE JOURNAL
voyage to England. Her letters shall be sent loo, if I can
find them. Only see with what enthusiasm she has caught
the idea of translating, &c. I said nothing of it ; have not
given the remotest hint or allusion. It has originated wholly
with herself. If she were weU, she would do more justice
to the original than any one who is likely lo engage in the
task. February 1. After half an hour's search, Theodosia's note
to you cannot be found. It wiU appear in the general scru
tiny which is lo lake place a day or two hence, Her let
ter of December is sent, and, by way of indemnity, a note
from Madame d'Auvergne, My frank has come in, and this
must now go. A, Burr,
FROM THEODOSIA, New-York, February 10, 1809.
Your letters, as late as the 24lh November, have reached
me many days ago, and I have a long letter in readiness lo
send by one of the vessels to be despatched by government.
As it will be delivered to you by a gentleman, Mr. Nathaniel
W. Strong, partner of M. L. Davis, I have written freely ;
more so than I should otherwise venture to do. This, then,
is merely to preclude the possibility of your suffering any
anxiety about me. My health has improved so rapidly
since the cold weather commenced, that it could not afford
even a pretext for the proposed voyage ; and for this let us
thank God the more fervently, as pecuniary difficulties would
have arrested me. Yet I cannot, cannot rejoice sincerely at
anything which parts us.
The money you so securely calculated on receiving is
not yet forthcoming, and every day renders me more suspi
cious and more apprehensive on that subject. For reasons
which can'hol be now detailed, I have been induced to write
to the principal person. A copy of this letter shall be sent
by Strong, that you may know what has been done. I did
not sign my name. No answer has been received. I have

Op AARON BURft, l7l
Written to E, A, to ascertain where he is with certainty.
This had been done before, and he was expected. Perhaps,
therefore, my letter did not reach him. It was enclosed in
a blank cover to his friend and agent in Philadelphia. Some-
limes I think of writing again ; sometimes very seriously of
going there, and from this I am deterred merely by the fear
that my presence there might give rise lo injurious surmises.
I shall soon determine and let you know. Oh that I could
see you for one minute. Adieu. I have already said every
thing in my letter by Mr. Strong. Theodosia.
FROM GENERAL HOPE. London, February 13, 1809.
Major General Hope sends the enclosed, with his compli
ments, lo Col. Burr, as containing the best information re
specting the saUing of vessels for America.
The privilege of members of parliament in franking does
not extend beyond Great Britain and Ireland.
TO THEODOSIA. London, February 15, 1809.
It is now two months since I have written lo you, except
journalizing — of which a volume. Having talked lo you
daily in that way, it seemed lo satisfy my conscience. By
the HopeweU, however, I wrote you fully. Sent the bust
of Bentham ; a beautiful map of London, Books and
pamphlets for yourself and boy. By the same occasion I
wrote to E, A. & Co. all I had then or have now lo say,
A duplicate of my letter to you was sent by the November
packet, but of Dr. Lettsome's letter there was no duplicate.
It was enclosed in one which I Wrote Hosack also by the
Hopewell. AU this was about your health, recommending
a sea voyage, pointing out to whom to address yourself on
your arrival in Liverpool, or Falmouth, or London ports.
On the 21st of December I set out on my long-projected
tour to Scotland. Passed through Oxford, Birmingham,
H 2

172 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Manchester, Carlisle, Here passed a day, in obedience to
your orders. Saw the old man, bedridden, growing reli
gious, or, in Swift's words, " Giving God the devil's leav
ings," I am going to pass some days with my friends in Hert
fordshire, particularly Dr, Bartlelt ; a very amiable and in
teresting family, of which more hereafter, I forgot to say
that by the HopeweU I wrote lo T, Green, lo M. L. Davis,
with a parcel of books and pamphlets to E, W. L., to our
dear boy, to R. B., which tell them.
The time passed at Edinburgh was a continued round of
dissipation, dinners, suppers, baUs, routs, Edinburgh is the
most hospitable and social place I have been. They meet
to amuse and be amused, and they succeed. The Scotch
women dance much better than the English, if I may be
allowed to judge from the samples which I have seen of the
latter. It is in the reel (the Scotch reel) that the laussies
are seen to best advantage; their animation and activity
exceeding anything that you can imagine — a reel after sup
per. They bound, spring, twirl, raise their hands, snap the
fingers — ^yel with grace. I speak not of Bourgeoises, but of
the first rank. Yet I have seen no one in either kingdom
dance as well as S. H.
Of the distinguished characters with which this place (Ed
inburgh) abounds, you will be most solicitous to hear of the
literary men ; and of these, perhaps, particularly M'Kenzie,
author of the Man of Feeling, &c., and Scott, author of the
Minstrel, &c. I met both frequently, and from both re
ceived civUities and hospitalities. M'Kenzie has twelve
children ; six daughters, all very interesting and two very
handsome. He is remarkably sprightly in company ; ami
able, willy ; might pass for forty-eight, though certainly
much older. Scott, with less softness than M'Kenzie, has
stUl more animation ; talks much and very agreeably. May
be about forty. Burns, the poet, was made a custom-house
officer ! and died a sot at an early age. But I must forbear

OP AARON BURR, 173
from details. They are written and are yours ; but when ? or
where ? Yourself and your concerns engross my thoughts ;
and, together with an extraordinary expression in a letter
from 61, must occupy the residue of this.
I remained in Edinburgh and its vicinity till the 3d inst.,
and left it with regret and full of pleasing recollections.
On the 18th of January was received from London your two
letters of 8th December, nearly copies of each other, en
closing the note to Jeremy Benlham, which was approved
and forwarded. The same mail informed me that the
Hopewell was taken three days after saUing, and carried
into France, with all my letters to you, to Hosack, lo Mr.
Alston, to M. L. Davis, Green, E. A., &c., some of which
you may probably have the advantage of seeing in the Ga
zette, improved by a French translation. By the same mail
I learned that the December packet had been delayed by
government till January, and on my arrival here it is found
that in January she saUed, met a gale, got disabled, returned
into port, and did not sail again until the 10th inst.; so that
the most interesting letter I ever wrote you will not be re
ceived until four months after its date, if at all. I calculate,
however, that you will sail for England by the first packet
after it shall be received. There is no doubt but the sea
voyage, the medical aid, and the climate of this country
would restore you. So says Letlsome. My own observa
tions confirm it. Provision is made for your reception at
Falmouth and at Liverpool.
The boy is wasting his time. Get him at Latin, Greek,
and arithmetic. Perhaps no belter tutor than Charles Wille
could be had for the moment. He is capable of leaching
Latin as far as Virgil, and many olher things. By all means
bring him with you. Don't plague the boy with Latin gram
mar. 59 is not immediately wanted, but would be acceptable.
The want of him has prevented an experiment which I
wished to make in X.'s affairs. You little numscuU, the

174 PRIVATE JOURNAL
fire-irons are hollow. How we have laughed at thy simpli
city. Take care of them, for another set cannot be had in
England. Mrs. Ogden,* whose daughterf has so much charmed you,
was one of the most interesting friendships of my life.
Nearly every word that ever passed between us is fresh in
my memory, and, above all, some lessons which her greater
knowledge of the world enabled her to give, and for which
I shall be ever grateful. Untoward circumstances prevented
the continuance of our social intercourse, but the impression
is dear and indelible. Cherish that friendship.
From a sentence in a letter from 61 it would seem that
a visit lo  is meditated. It would be folly even lo mad
ness. It would be perfidious. No circumstances can justify
or palliate it.
On my arrival in London the 7th inst., I received your
letters of 30lh September and 3d January. Jeremy Ben
lham is pleased with the note and with the appendix of the
Latin scrap contained in your letter to me. Your picture
is deposited with him.
It would seem that we are always thinking of the same
thing at the same lime. He and I have had twenty conver
sations last autumn and December about the translation of
" Les Principes." He appeared sohcilous that you should
undertake it. Would have aided and would have put into
your hands the original. It has been undertaken by a gen
tleman whom he thinks incompetent, and he (Bentham) says
the work of that person will abound with errors. He would
wish to supersede it ut supra. Of this nothing was said to
you on account of your illness. He is quite pleased to see
that you have spontaneously got the idea. If you should
again have occasion to speak of him, instead of saying " one
of the," &c., omit the words " one of."
You do not say whether the boy can write. Here too,
* The mother of Mrs. Joshua Waddington.
+ Mrs. Joshua Waddington.

OF AARON BURR. 175
and in arithmetic, and even the rudiments of mathematics,
there can be no belter tutor than Wille. Many other things
concur to give him a preference, and I want him here.
I condemn utterly the use of mercury. If in any shape
il could be useful, it is in that sent by Eustis. Bring with
you that medicine. If you should not come, which God
avert, send a vial, about four ounces. Keep in your mem
orandum book a list of the letters you write me, and by what
hand or conveyance sent.
I send the boy two books to make him laugh, and three
pictures to show you how the public are amused here. The
different mottoes and speeches in the caricatures are all
taken from the testimony delivered in the House of Com
mons, which, therefore, you must read before you will under
stand them. There are probably more than one hundred
different caricatures on this subject, and the sale of them is
incredible. The newspaper and the pamphlets wiU give
you the whole. As you will read and hear much of the
Duke of York, and wonder how it will end, I am inclined
lo think that he will be found (voted) pure and innocent by
a great majority of parliament.
Mitford on Language is of very litlle value. The best
standard of pronunciation is still Walker.
For the benefit of your commercial and political friends,
I would state, as my opinion, that this government will
rescind or so modify their orders in council as lo revive
commercial intercourse between the two countries. There
is an apprehension here, among many a belief, that Bona
parte has already repealed so much of the Berlin decree as
will meet the wishes of the government of the United Stales,
Perhaps the British overture may come too late.
A. Burr.

176 PRIVATE JOURNAL
TO JOSEPH ALSTON. London, March 1, 1809.
Since writing you the unfortunate letters of December
(Theodosia wiU tell you their fate). While, the bookseUer,
has made a peremptory demand against me of the amount
of his account against us both. It is impossible that I should
enter into a lawsuit on this trifling affair, and, trifling as it is,
by no means convenient lo pay it out of my slender resources.
Pray write toM'Kinnon on the subject. The sum is 117/.,
and he demands four years' interest ; but would probably
take up with the principal. I wrote to E. W. Laight in Sep
tember, requesting him to send the papers, showing how
the seizure of the books was made by the government. I
have no doubt it was the fault of White.
My only consolation for the unfortunate delay of my let
ters about Theodosia's health is, that she will now have the
best season of the year to make the passage. I hope it will
not be delayed an hour. The climate is as different from
ours as that of another planet. If the climate and medicine
should fail, the physicians say that the Bath waters have
performed simUar cures in similar cases, after all other
means had been tried in vain. After the month of March,
Bath is one of the most retired and cheapest places in Eng
land until December, when the fashionable season com
mences. The London winter begins in AprU. But I can
only repeat and confirm what was before written, one copy
of which will, by this time, have been received. Every pro
vision is made for her reception and for the education of
the boy. The experiment may be made in six months.
Honour and humanity require that it should be promptly
begun. A. Burr.

OF AARON BURR. 177
TO THE LORD JUSTICE CLERK. London, March 1, 1809.
My Lord,
Two interviews with Lord Melville have confirmed the
opinion, long entertained, of his talents and his candour.
They have also increased my regret that government cannot
profit of the resources of his capacious mind. Il has afforded
me very great satisfaction to know, personally, a man of
such high and merited renown ; but the acquaintance will
have no further result. As to any useful purposes, I might
as well, better indeed, have prolonged my amusements in
Scotland. The same equivocal and temporizing conduct to
wards the United Slates ; the same tardiness and indecision
regarding the Spanish colonies, will continue. It is whis
pered that Bonaparte has so far modified his Berlin decree
as will entitle him to a free commerce with the United
States, and that thereupon this government has resolved to
revoke the order in councU, It is possible that this conces
sion may come too late.
Perceiving that I have nothing to do here, I propose, after
the arrival of the March packet from North America, to re
turn thither. My visit has increased my confidence in the
resources and capacities of this country, but has impaired
my respect for the organs of its administration. Among the
most pleasing of my recollections will be that of the kind
ness and courtesy which I have experienced from your lord
ship. Hsec alim merninisse juvabit. I may, nay, I think I
shaU, meet you under different circumstances. Under any
and aU, be assured of the lasting respect and esteem of
A. Burr, /
TO DAVID WILLIAMSON. London, March 1, 1809.
It is quite obvious, my dear friend, that I am but an ob
ject of suspicion and alarm ; and that, by remaining here, I
IT 3

178 PRIVATE JOURNAL
can do no good to either country. Ere long, therefore, I
shaU be off; perhaps the last of next month. Before I had
been ten days in town I began to regret that I had not em
ployed my time in visiting the north and west of Scotland,
as was originally planned. True, that by returning here I
have seen Lord MelvUle, which is a great gratification. I
passed a day and night with him at Wimbleton. He re
ceived me as the friend of Charles, than which nothing c6uld
be more flattering, and we had much free conversation. His
boldness, precision, and sagacity please me much. He is a
man whom I can understand, and by whom, I think, I could
be understood. But he is hors du combat (tant pis), and
like to remain so, until things shall become much worse, and
then he would be impressed into service.
Your letters to Sir J. Sinclair and Mr. Bird were dehv-
ered only last week. I am afraid it was very ill done lo
keep them so long. It did not at first occur to me that
they might contain matters no way relating to me and re
quiring despatch. I have not yet seen either of those gentle
men. Indeed, I have seen nobody, having secluded myself
except lo my venerable and enlightened friend Bentham,
and three or four Scotchmen, whom I can meet familiarly.
The wish lo remain a liltle while abstracted from society
has prevented me from announcing myself, even to my for
mer acquaintances.
The saUing of the Brest fleet is the only pubhc event of
much interest since we parted. It has excited much sensa
tion among official men. All others (the whole public) are
engrossed by the more interesting concerns of Mrs. Clark.
The destination of that fleet is generally supposed lo be
Ferrol ; but I am apprehensive that it may be America. If
so, that whole continent may be lost to Great Britain during
the course of the current year. A. Burr.

OF AARON BURR. 179

TO MRS. GORDON.

London, March 4, 1809.
By the stagecoach (not the mail) which sets off for Ed
inburgh to-morrow, or perhaps not till Monday, you will re
ceive a parcel containing Bentham's four sketches on the
management of the poor, and his view of the hard-labour
bill. Also, a copy of the statute passed last year respect
ing lunatics. . It was intended lo send some other of Ben
lham's works, particularly his Panopticon ; but as they do
not relate directly to the subject which now engages your
attention, I was apprehensive they would not be read with
satisfaction. The parcel now sent wUl, however, suffice
for the present.
On reading the lunatic bill, you will perceive that the idea
of extending it to Scotland by a single clause is utterly im
practicable, and, if practicable, by no means desirable. You
must have a law of your own, adapted to your municipal
regulations and local usages. The great difficulty is how
lo raise the money for the first expense of ground and build
ings. It ought, I think, to be from some general fund, and
not a county or parish tax. I have conversed with the lord
advocate on the subject, and was gratified to find that he
took an interest in it. But his various occupations will not
aUow him the leisure to project a system and to draw up the
bill. If a proper one — one which might accord with his
ideas, were prepared and sent to him, I see no reason to
doubt but that it would pass into a law.
I have not yet been able lo procure the laws of Virginia,
which is much regretted. They wiU, however, be put into
my hands within a few days. I am now going to pass a
week in the country. On my return you shall hear farther
of this matter. A. Burr.

180 PRIVATE JOURNAL

FROM JEREMY BENTHAM.

London, Q. S. P., March 6, 1809.
Dumont has been applied to, and has brought himself,
though not without some reluctance, to part with Tactique
out of his hands. The burden which the shoulders of Eti-
enne Dumont sunk under, and those of Jeremy Bentham
shrunk from, is now wailing for those of Hercules Burr, on
which it will sit as lightly as litlle Jesus on those of great
St. Christopher in the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
Meanwhile, and without any need of either prophecy or
telescope, I behold Hercules, with distaff in hand, spinning
out — he would kUl me were I to say killing time — now lying,
now kneeling at the feet of his Omphale.
Logic and philosophy he is learning from a speck and
span: spick and sjo«?i new horn-book. Life, no longer a^'esif,
as Pope and Gay would persuade us, is now a span, as some
body else, without much need, has taken the trouble to in
form us. Ergo (says logic), they are, life and span, convert
ible terms. The things themselves (quoth philosophy) are
things of equal value ; and so well matched (adds algebra)
that, of each without the olher, the value is ^0.
Such is the lesson learning and conning over, for the one
thousand and oneth time, by our youthful Hercules. Mean
time the midnight lamp is burning in vain, with the Tactique
papers spread out before it. Say, tell us, what shall be done
with them ? Will the eyes of Hercules vouchsafe lo visit
them ? or shall they be consigned lo the hands of the house
maid to light fires ? Jer. Bentham.
TO JEREMY bentham.
Little Gaddesden, March 8, 1809.
Your billet made us laugh. Since life is but a span, can
anything better be done than to fill up that span with pleas
ure ? I lead here a strict idle life, so congenial lo savages.
Lounge, smoke, read a little nonsense, sometimes walk or

OF AARON BURR. 181
talk with the squaws. On my return to town, if I can sum
mon the force to attempt anything useful, I will start myself
off for eight days, and devote them to Tactique, but without
the hope of adding one useful idea. A. Burr.
to MRS. PREVOST. London, March 20, 1809.
Having heard in the street to-day rumours of events in
the West Indies particularly interesting to you, I hastened
to the War Office lo learn the truth. Official accounts had
there been received of most satisfactory tenour. The in
tended attack on Martinique had been abandoned, but was
resumed in consequence of further information of the dispo
sition of the inhabitants. The attack was made ; all the
outposts were carried ; the whole island subdued, with the
single exception of Fort Bourbon, which, it is believed, could
not resist many days. General Prevost is safe and well.
There has been some fighting, and, of course, some, though
inconsiderable, loss. Fearing lo lose the mail, I did not wait
to learn dates nor details. The particulars above related I
had from General A. Hope. This, I think, wUl lead to a
peerage, with suitable accompaniments. I sympathize in
your happiness. A. Burr.
FROM DAVID WILLIAMSON. Edinburgh, March 8, 1809.
I received yours yesterday. I regret extremely that our
people should be so blind. One would think that Provi
dence is going to lay hands on us also. You must know
the situation of matters better than I do, but it always did
appear to me that the salvation of the world was lo be looked
for in Great Britain forming an intimate union and connex
ion with both Americas,, and that much of the safety of our
East India possessions depended on it.
I was certain that you would be pleased with Lord Mel
ville, and, if there is anything more than another which I

182 PRIVATE JOURNAL
would recommend to you, it would be lo draw that connex
ion as close as possible. You are not lo know what may
happen. People are becoming very discontented, and seem
to feel that there is a necessity for taking our ablest men.
I sent to Mr. Kerr, the secretary of our postoffice, a great
friend of Charles's. The only letter for you was the en
closed. If any others come, you may rest assured that they
will be taken care of by the officers here, and delivered to
me. I shall be glad lo know when you positively fix for re
turning to America, as I would like very much lo send by
you answers to all my late brother's American letters. I
shall avoid saying anything in them politically about you,
further than how much you were respected here. I enclose
this under cover to Gen. Alexander Hope, who, I am sure,
thinks as you do, and as Lord Melville does.
The business of our commander-in-chief* is disgraceful
lo our country in these limes. The house will acquit him,
but it will not satisfy the country. He has shown himself
to be a man of such private conduct as is unsuitable for the
situation. The greatest evil of the whole is the exposing
lo the common people the dissolute manners of the great,
and diminishing that respect for the royal family which in
these limes ought to be kept as pure as possible.
David Williamson.
to colonel burr.
Edinburgh, March 15, 1809.
Our law term, or sessions, as we call it, ended on the
lllh, and the hurry of business attending the last days of it
prevented me from acknowledging the honour of your letter
of the 1st at the time I received il.
I was certain that you would be pleased with Lord Mel
vUle. He is no common man, and it is indeed melancholy
to find such a man unemployed in such times as these.
» The Duke of York.

OF AARON BURR. 183
The plot seems to be thickening on the Continent. If Aus
tria really declares war, and I think it looks very like it, a
blow weU limed on our part might do much. His army
must be much weakened, and his magazines exhausted by
the campaign in Spain. Austria limes il well, and may get
greatly the start of him. - But I fear we have little to expect
from our miserably disjointed administration.
I regret most sincerely that they have not hstened more
favourably to the salutary counsels which you are qualified
to give them. We must therefore take our chance. But I
own I am now anxious to hear that you are afloat again ; for
I think matters in America are fast approaching that crisis
which you prophesied would happen if the sitting of Con
gress drew to a close without any alteration of the present
system, and that a storm is gathering there in which a man
like you must guide the helm. Do not, therefore," waste
more lime in London upon us, but hurry to a scene where
you may be useful to both nations, and, I trust, carve out a
splendid fortune for yourself.
As for our domestic situation, I do not like it at all. This
is a most unlucky affair of the Duke of York, and has re
vived the almost extinguished spark of Jacobinism ; and, if
matters are carried with a steady and decisive hand, I shall
nob be surprised if tumults and insurrections break out in
London. But I need not trouble you, who are on the spot,
with my idle speculations. I will be answerable for the
public tranquillity here ; or, at least, if it be broken, it shall
be very speedily restored.
Whether I may ever have the pleasure of meeting you
again, God only knows. I see litlle prospect of it. I hope
you will never again find it necessary lo revisit Britain, ex
cept for amusement. But I hope you will have a good deal
of important business to settle before you have leisure lo
think of resuming your Northern tour. However, I will live
in the hope of seeing you again, sub melioribus auspicius.
In the mean time, my dear si,£, be assured of my ardent

184 PRIVATE JOURNAL
wishes for the success of all your plans. Lady Charlotte
adds her best respects. C. Hope.*
TO COLONEL BURR. Edinburgh, MarcTi 15, 1809.
I cannot think of sending you the stockings which have
been left here for you, both by the lord provost, or, rather,
his foreman, as well as by your friend John M'Donald, with
out writing to ask you how you do. I had hopes of either
hearing from . yourself after your arrival in London, or of
knowing something of your motions from our friend Bart
lett, but I have not yet had that pleasure. I trust, however,
I shall soon hear that you are well and happy.
I am not apt to give credit lo newspaper stories ; but I
cannot help thinking that the American government is not
now on a very steady footing ; at least they appear totally
unable to enforce their own decrees ; for, since the late new
and severe regulations, embargo breakers are every day com
ing into the ports of Liverpool and Port Glasgow. If this
continues, they may as well remove the embargo. I should
like to know your opinion on this subject.
William Arbuthnot.
TO MISS C. mallet.
London, Q. S. P., March 21, 1809.
Herewith will be handed lo you " Bentham's Sketches on
Poor Management," which the author permits me to offer for
your acceptance. The book is not to be purchased, and can
be had of him only. The phUanthropy which it displays
throughout is so congenial with the benevolence of your own
breast, that I am persuaded you will read it with interest.
Permit me to inquire whether Mrs, Mallet is now with her
friend Mrs. Barrow, Presuming on the hint you gave, I
think of making a visit to Mrs. Brown, and should prefer a
time when Mrs, Mallet was there, Salul. A, Burr,
* Lord Justice Clerk,

OF AARON BURR. 185

TO JOHN REEVES. London, March 27, 1809.
Having made several unsuccessful attempts to see you, I
take this method to inquire into the state of my controversy,
if controversy it can be called, with the government. Il is
material to me to be informed of the terms on which I live
here. Whether I may change my residence and leave the
country when I please, or whether any department of the
government arrogates a right to control my movements.
The obvious inconveniences lo which this uncertainty
exposes me will, it is presumed, render it unnecessary to
apologize for troubling you on the occasion.
A. Burr.
TO WILLIAM ARBUTHNOT.
London, March 28, 1809.
John M'Donald's grandmother and the right honourable
the lord provost came very lovingly together, and arrived in
good condition. This ludicrous association, contained in
the note which I received on the eve of my departure from
Edinburgh, made me laugh at least a dozen limes that night,
which was devoted to the infernal occupation of packing up,
&c. During such an afflicting labour, lo be able to laugh
was no small relief.
The parcel and your letter of the 15th were not received
till yesterday, owing to my absence on excursions into
Surrey and Kent. It is very true, my dear friend, that I
ought lo have written lo you, and I take very kind your
reproaches on that head. Had any great good fortune be-
faUen me, you would promptly have been informed of it;
but to tell you that I was doing nothing, and like lo do
nothing here ; that I was hurried back hither, and much
against my wishes, for nothing, would have been a tale not
very pleasing to relate nor very pleasing lo hear. Yet this
was all, and is all I could say of myself. On another

186 PRIVATE JOURNAL
subject, indeed, the pleasures of Edinburgh, and all your
goodness and friendship, I could have been eloquent.
Since my return I have passed a week with the amiable
family of Bartlelt. They asked me a hundred questions
about you, your wife, and boys ; of which, I am ashamed"
lo say, I could not answer above fifty. Mrs. Barllett looks
younger every time I see her. She might pass very well
for forty. La belUe veuve is as usual ; stiU single, and re
solved against any duplication or multiplication ; a resolu
tion which the country ought to regret, but very prudent,
it must be acknowledged, for any woman, as things are,
provided she can bring soul and body lo concur and perse
vere ; but it sometimes happens that there is an enemy
within that excites a mutiny or betrays the citadel. Our
amiable friend has nothing of this kind lo apprehend. The
whole family propose lo pass a month in town during the
winter. (The fashionable winter is now commencing.)
Offer my respectful compliments lo Mrs. Arbuthnot ; lo
both the Mrs. A's. Kiss all your boys for me, and pray
make them recollect Cullnell Borr-r-r. A. Burr.
TO MRS. M. J. GODWIN. London, March 29, 1809.
My projected journey has been but half performed. In
short, I have been nowhere that was intended, except to
Edinburgh. Lord S. and Lord Lr. had gone South before
my arrival. The son of Dugald Stewart lay on his death
bed, and died whUe I was there. The father had not gone
out nor been visible to strangers at the time of my de
parture. To complete the series of cross incidents on the
subject nearest my heart, on my arrival here it is found that
the HopeweU, in which was my letter to M. L. Davis, with
the parcel of books, was taken and carried into France.
I am very solicitous lo know how you have got along, but
did not dare to call tUl I had announced myself and these
untoward circumstances. Inform me by the bearer of this

OP AARON BURR. 187
of your health and that of Mr. Godwin, and of litlle and big
young friends. I will be at your command this evening, or
any other evening this week, from eight tUl eleven. Where
is Curran ? I am resolved to see him if he be above ground.
Another question, and I have done. Who painted my pic
ture of Mary Wolstoncraft ? I wish to have my daughter's
copied in the same style. A. Burr.
TO COLONEL BURR. London, March 29, 1809.
Mr. Godwin and I began to despair of seeing you again.
Your note was most welcome. Never mind all the bad
news, but grant us the pleasure of seeing you to-morrow at
the lime you mention. This evening and Friday we shall
be engaged. We are aU, big and liltle, tolerably well.
M. J. Godwin.
TO MRS. PREVOST.
London, March 29, 1809.
You will very reasonably conclude, my dear madam, that
I go everywhere but where I intend. I have not yet been
to Bath, but have returned from Gravesend, whither I went
with some American friends, who were to embark at that
place for New- York. On my return I find here a letter
from my daughter of the lOlh of February, conveying the
vewuflteresting and unexpected intelligence of her recovery.
She ascribes the return of her health to the severity of the
winter. She requires, to keep her in health, as much cold
as a white bear, and endures it as well. Hence her pro
jected voyage to England is, for the present, abandoned.
I am grievously disappointed in seeing that Sir George
does not command in chief the expedition. You perceive
that Beckwick keeps him always at his elbow, and, no doubt.
Sir George projects everything that is well projected. Yet
the other will bear away the laurels, and, I much fear, will
not have the magnanimity to do justice to Sir George. The

188 PRIVATE JOURNAL
army, however, wiU discriminate, and will have no motive
to withhold the tribute from the rightful claimant. If Sir
George should not immediately advance his rank or his for
tune, he will, at least, add lo the lustre oi his mUitary fame,
and lay the foundation of future honours,
Pray inform me from what port and on what days the
packets sail for Alderney. I wish lo make a communicar
lion to Admiral D'A., through Col. Prevost.
A. Burr.
TO COL. BURR.
Weybridge, November 30, 1809.
As Weybridge has not been mentioned in your traveUing
plans, I flatter myself that your next excursion will be here,
where I shall always be happy to see you, my dear sir. I
had very little of your company in your last visit, and was
sorry to hear from your compagnons de voyage how much
you suffered in the journey to town. I congratulate you on
your daughter's recovery. I observed, as you have, the act
of Beckwick, and never build my expectation beyond the
gratification Sir George receives in actual service, as he
could not command when Beckwick was of the party, and
Beckwick could not remain a spectator at Barbadoes when
the troops were engaged. I humbly pray that my beloved
son may escape the dangers of the siege, and, what I dread
more, the influence of the climate. The packets for Alder
ney sail from Weymouth every tenth, twentieth, and thirtieth
day of the month. You must, of course, send your letters
from London the day before it. WiUiam's address is Lieut.
Col. Prevost, commanding the 67th regiment at Alderney
Island, by Weymouth. The communication with Guernsey
is frequent and regular from England, and, when anything
material occurs, I write by that channel between the saUing
of the Alderney boats. We are all well, and my guests join
in best compliments lo you. A. Prevost.

OF AARON BURR. 189

TO MRS. M. J. GODWIN.

London, March 31, 1809.
It is with extreme mortification and regret, my dear
madam, that I inform you that, owing to accidents, which
shall be explained in person, your very kind and obliging
note was not received tUl this morning. The circumstance
has vexed and disturbed me exceedingly ; for I have been
dressing up, in fancy, one of those little dramas in which I
delight lo be an actor ; all my little and big friends expect
ing me, &c. I shall call, unbidden, at some hour before
dinner to-day, and seek consolation in your cheerfulness and
benignity. A. Burr.

JOURNAL.

London, April 4, 1809. The evening was passed with
Madame P., who assured me that she had ascertained that
Dunn's negotiation had no reference to me. Having a con
fused presentiment that something was wrong, packed up
my papers and clothes with intent to go out and seek other
lodgings. At one o'clock came in, without knocking, four
coarse-looking men, who said ihey had a state warrant for
seizing me and my papers ; but refused lo show the war
rant. I was peremptory, and the warrant was produced,
signed "Liverpool ;" but I was not permitted to read the
whole. They look possession of my trunks, searched every
part of the room for papers, threw all the loose articles into
a sack, called a coach, and away we went to the Alien Office.
Before going I wrote a note lo Reeves, and on our arrival
sent it in. Waited one hour in the coach, very cold, but I
refused to go in. Wrote in pencil to Reeves another note.
He came out. We had a little conversation. He could
not then explain, but said I must have patience. After half
an hour more orders came that I must go with one of the
messengers (Hughes) to his house, on this order. I first

190 private journal
went into the office to see Brookes, the under secretary,
whom I knew.
You may recollect the transaction in July, which must
have fixed me in his memory. He did not know me, except
that I was Mr, K, None of them knew me, though every
devil of them knew me as well as I know you. Seeing the
measure was resolved on, and having inquired of the sort of
restraint to which I was doomed, I wrote a note to Koe,
which Brookes took to show to Lord Liverpool for his ap
probation to forward it. Arrived at my prison, 31 Stafford
Place, at four. The wife, a very pretty young Welsh girl.
Both very civil. Here we are, husband, wife, and child.
After dinner looked out for amusement. His books were
all German except The Secret, a play, and Tacitus's Life
of Agricola, translated by Aiken, both of which I read ; but
happening to discover that Hughes played chess, we took
to that, and, having played lUl the poor fellow is almost
crazed, I wrote this, and am now going lo bed in a small
room on the same floor, where is a neat, comfortable bed.
5. Slept very sound till eight, and was then waked by
Hughes, as I had ordered. Breakfast at nine. The only
thing that disturbed me was some apprehension about my
papers. They have got everything. No plots or treasons,
to be sure, but, what is worse, all my ridiculous journal, and
all my letters and copies. Wrote Reeves. Hughes sent
the letter. No person is permitted lo see me.
There being no other books in any language intelligible to
me, went lo chess, our only resource. Played till five, din
ner-time. A very good dinner, and then Hughes, his wife,
and I make a party of whist. I took the dead hand. The
child fortunately asleep. This child annoys me a good deal,
having the hooping cough. At eleven Hughes and I en
gaged in another game of chess, which lasted till one. I
give him a castle lo make us equal. The following are the
notes referred to in my journal of yesterday :
" My person, under the name of Kirhy, papers, and effects

op AARON BURR. 191
are seized by warrant from Lord Liverpool. I wait in a
coach at the door. Explain who Mr. K. is, and step lo the
door lo save me the vexation of going in. A. Burr."
" Three P. M. I sent in a note to you ; has it been re
ceived ? I am StiU waiting in the carriage at your door.
"A. Burr."
6. Cards last evening tiU twelve. Chess till one. Wrote
Reeves. Just as the letter was going a message came re
quiring our attendance at the Alien Office at ten ; so we did
not send the letter. Went at the hour in a hack, with
Brookes and Beckett ; both very civil. Apology and mes
sage from Lord Liverpool. Discharged, and papers and ef
fects restored. The papers had not been opened. Beckett
and Brookes went with a message from me to Lord Liver
pool. In the interim came in Reeves. His advice about
alienism. Brookes returned. £50! Heligoland! He or
dered Hughes to take my baggage where I might direct,
which was to Q. S. P.
Three P, M, Called at 35 James-street, Madame P,
out. To 16 Palace-street, Gloomy faces, W, A. Ho
sack, his papers and effects seized on Tuesday night. Zeal
and firmness of Madame P, Fearing that Gamp's interfe
rence might do harm, wrote lo Captain Newton. Tq,Q, S.
P,, where dined. Received a letter from Caplain Edwards,
advising that he would be here on Friday. Note from A.
O., postponing the proposed interview till Saturday. Note
to Achaud that would call at nine to see him and lake leave.
Walked to Godwin's. Met Mrs. Cooper, mother of the
actor. 7. Called on Reeves, of whom learned the place of Ho
sack's confinement. Went there, but could not get admit
tance (10 Charles-street). Went lo Alien Office to ask of
Brookes permission to see him. Refused. Wrote him a
note, which Brookes promised to send. Passed the door
several limes, and at length Hosack raised the window, and
I spoke to him. To Reeves at two, by appointment, to meet

192 private journal
Brookes, who came. Confab, one hour. Departure post
poned till this day week. Appointed another meeting at
two P. M., Lundi. To Grace Church-street to take passage
to Camberville. Arrived at five. Dr. Letlsome and fam
ily in town, where the dinner is lo which I am invited. Set
out to walk back, but overtaken by a stage and got in. Ar
rived at Dr. Lettsome's at six. They had just set down to
dinner. Very gay and social. Dr. Morris engages me to
dine on Monday. The following is a copy of a memoran
dum left with Mr. Reeves to be shown to Lord Liverpool.
Whether I may lake one or two companions. There are
now here a number of young Americans who would be glad
to accompany me.
An assurance that there will be no restraint on my move
ments from Heligoland. I would willingly stay there till it
might be proper to go lo the United States, if this govern
ment would give me proper patronage and introduction.
Something to show that I have not imposed on the gov
ernment by assuming the name of G. H. Edwards.
Having in my late letters engaged lo my friends in Amer
ica to wait here till June, I ought to have something to tes
tify why I now leave the country.
8. To Reeves's at nine, and waited till he got up ; gave
him Dr. Lettsome's letter. Left with him a mem. (entered
in journal yesterday) about my own concerns. To Flax-
man's. The Italian wife ! To Achaud's, to inform them of
the postponement of my journey.
24. To Q. S. P. at nine. There found the passport from
Reeves. One hour with Bentham. Home. T. T. E. and
Hosack assisting in packing. Everything at the last mo
ment. Left my quarters at one. Stopped at W. G.'s to get
Coestus, which was beautifully executed. Arrive at stage-
house just in lime. Hosack with me. He returns, not be
ing ready. Arrive at Harwich at two P. M., being seventy-
two miles. At four had passed through the forms at the
Alien Office and Custom-house. Wrote Hosack, Brinck-

OF AARON BURR. 193
man, Leltsome, and Eliza P. On board at eight. Made saU
immediately. His Britannic majesty's packet, the Diana.
A sloop of sixty tons ; fourteen passengers, of whom two
dames and one liltle girl, Mrs. Barnes and Mrs, Daily,
going to join their husbands in Sweden, Great confusion
settling births, &c. Fair wind, yet at ten cast anchor. At
eleven turned in, being the first moment I had laid down
since rising at six yesterday morning,
27, On board the Diana in Harwich Bay, Under way.
The wind fair, but light,
28, Wind N,E, and rose to a gale. Beating, No one
at dinner but captain, mate, and myself,
30. Friday evening taken seasick. Kept bed all Satur
day. Wind north, light, and veering. Heavy rolling sea.
Caught two fine codfish. At four P. M. wind came round
to S.W. Ran aU night before the wind about six knots.
TO JEREMY BENTHAM. London, April 1, 1808.
I should like lo know the author of " The Progress and
Practice of a Modern Attorney." Could it not be learned at
Stationers' Hall ? If so, ask Tom le Grand to make the
inquiry. Il is written with feeling, with good sense, and
with knowledge of the subject. Pity that the names of the
parties were not given. The pamphlet is sent as an even
ing's pastime. A. Burr.
TO JOHN REEVES. London (Limbo), April 5, 1809.
No reasons have been assigned for my arrest and deten
tion, nor is it in my power lo conjecture what they may be.
It is not permitted lo me to take a copy of the warrant, nor
even to read it; to see a friend, or lo write to one. I could
contend with reason or with law ; but a stranger and money
less, not with power. I am ready, therefore, if desired,
to explain the motives to my change of residence. The
Vol. L-I

194 private JOURNAL
explanation can be given in a single sentence, and would
be perfectly satisfactory ; but those motives being of a na
ture altogether private and personal, and having no manner
of relation to the politics or governments of any country, the
communication ought to be made to one or two persons only,
and in confidence.
Being under engagements to supper this evening, and to
dinner to-morrow and Friday, pray inform me whether I
may hope lo comply with those engagements ; or I must
apologize, by reason of subsequent and very pressing invi
tation from Lord Liverpool. A. Burr.
TO JOHN reeves. London, April 6, 1809.
Mr. Burr inquires whether a few lines which he wrote
yesterday lo Mr. Reeves, left at his office, have been re
ceived. If any reply should be intended, it may be trans
mitted by the bearer of this. A note is enclosed for Mr.
Koe (left open for inspection), which please transmit.
A. Burr.
TO THEODOSIA.
London, April 11, 1809.
I shall leave this on Friday the 14th for Heligoland, whence
I shall go to the Continent by the first conveyance. You
must not, therefore, expect lo hear from me for two or three
months after the receipt of this.
Let your boy read history and biography of a style suited
to his years. The order is of no consequence, in which,
with great humUity, I differ from Madame Theodosia. By-
and-by, when he shall come lo read more in detail, the order
may be material. Let him also learn German. Say some
thing more about  . A true Mussulman burns all books
except those of Mohammed, which contain all of human
knowledge that is valuable, and to have marked the bound
ary of human genius. A. Burr.

OF AARON BURR. 195

TO J. L. MALLET.

London, April 13, 1809.
I have just come from the interview. Lord Liverpool,
through his amiable messenger, expressed his expectation
that I should leave town this evening and the kingdom to
morrow. I refused. Stated some reasons, and asked a
personal conference with Lord Liverpool. Mr. B. is to
make report at three, at which hour we are lo meet again at
Mr. Reeves's. A. Burr.
TO JOHN REEVES. London, April 14, 1809.
Sir Samuel RomiUy being now in town, and, as I under
stand, disposed lo consider the subject of alienism, I pray
the loan of the essay, part of which I have read with so much
pleasure and instruction. It shall be used with all the dis
cretion you could wish, and shall be returned within forty-
eight hours. It may be sent by the bearer of this, or, if you
prefer, I will call and take it. Let me be prepared for all
events. A. Burr
TO COL. burr. London, April 14, 1809.
This is unfortunate. You may remember I told you I
lent it to Mr. Beckett, and he is now out of town on account
of his father's illness. However, Sir Samuel does not need
that. Get MaUel to set him lo work. If he has any doubts
arise, I may be able, perhaps, to recover the papers in a
few days. Let me see or hear from you.
J. Reeves.
TO JOHN REEVES.
London, April 15, 1809.
Sir Samuel Romilly engages with zeal and promptitude in
the consideration of the question ; but being, as you know,
12

196 private journal
very full of occupation, the perusal of your notes, or of any
sketch of the case and its bearing, would very much lighten
the labour and facilitate his progress. If you could, in the
course of the day, send anything of the kind lo me at Q. S.
P., it could be put into his hands in season to enable him to
devote this evening lo the consideration of the subject.
A. Burr.
TO COL. BURR.
London, April 16, 1809.
It is not lUl now, at a quarter past seven o'clock, that I
am able lo take up my pen, in order to give you the sub
stance of what I have before written, and which fiUs 120
such pages as this.
The question should be stated of an American, born be
fore the separation, who has constantly resided there and
borne offices ; and who has resolved to settle in this kingdom
for the remainder of his days.
That is the case in question, and so it should be stated.
Not because the principle on which I should argue it does
not apply to all Americans coming here occasionally, and
who are transient, but because the question is more palate-
able in this form ; and as the objectors have more of odium
than of law on their side, it is as well for us lo obviate that
when we can.
I go upon this principle : that the rights of a natural born
subject are indelible. They are not liable to forfeiture for
any crime. They cannot be surrendered or relinquished by
the party, nor can the king take them away. Any such pro
ceeding is whoUy unknown to the law. It follows that once
a British subject, and always a British subject.
This is warranted by a resolution in Calvin's case, fol. 27,
b., where, upon the question. What would be the consequence
of Scotland being separated from the crown of England ?
aU the judges resolve, " that naturalization due, and vested
by birthright, cannot, by any separation of the crown, after-

OF AARON BURR. 197
ward be taken away ; nor he, that was by judgment of law
a natural subject at the lime of his birth, become an alien
by such matter ex post facto."
I know nothing in any law-book, nor anything that can
be deduced from what is laid down in any law-book, lo di
minish the force of this resolution. On the contrary, it is
commonly agreed, that the inhabitants of a ceded colony
do not cease to be British subjects. They have the dis
advantage of residing, by such cession, in a foreign country,
and, while there, bear the common privation ; but such in
dividuals, coming upon British ground, come to the exer
cise of their personal rights to which they were born ; and
it never was pretended they were not British subjects as
before. Those who take the negative of our question admit this ;
but they say America is under different circumstances, which
distinguish them from the case of ceded colonies. Namely,
they rebelled and claimed independence. It was granted
them by the king in the definitive treaty of peace ; and that
peace was not made till the king was authorized by staU
22, Geo. III., ch. 46. They lay their principal stress upon
this statute. They say that the independence being thus
declared, an option was left, and those Americans who de
cided to take up their residence in the United Stales have
abandoned their British character, and are aliens.
The answer to such objections seems to be this : If sub
jects, by their own act, cannot put off their allegiance nor
change their native character, the rebellion and claim of in
dependence has no effect ; and if the king is not competent,
by his own authority, to lake away the rights of a British
subject, the definitive treaty had no such force. The two
parlies, then, the subject and the king, are incompetent to
such a transaction as that of converting British subjects into
aliens. Moreover, there is no wording in the treaty nor in
the statute that warrants such a conclusion. The statute
was made to satisfy the scruples of some persons among the

198 private journal
politicians who pretended to think the king had no power to
declare the colonies independent ; though the king, by the
same treaty, ceded the Floridas to Spain without an act of
parhament. And what is the difference ? None in sub
stance. In both cases the countries are made foreign, but
the inhabitants of Florida are deemed stiU British subjects.
Why not the Americans ?
The treaty and the act both go to national objects wholly,
and national character is- distinct from personal character;
that is seen in the Floridas. The king has made them na
tionally and locally Spanish ; but the colonists are personally
and municipally British. This British character they can
enjoy only by coming to British territory, where alone British
rights have their exercise and visible existence. In like
manner, it was quite consistent for the king to acknowledge
the American States to be independent, and yet for the in
dividuals 10 retain their personal character of British, which,
though suspended and useless while resident in America,
would resume their full enjoyment when the individual
came into the British dominions.
As lo the notion of an option : It is an arbitrary assump
tion, not grounded upon any principle of law. If there is an
option, why should the first choice be final ? Why not a
second or third, and so on, as the parly chooses to change his
residence ? Let the objectors show the principle upon
which the first choice has the effect of making such person
an alien, and upon which a second choice may not have the
effect of making him once more a British subject. They
can show no such principle ; and, in the mean lime, the sup
position is contrary to an established principle ; namely,
that a subject has not an option to put off his country. Ne
mo potest exersive patriam. If such principle was granted
as to Americans, what should hinder an inhabitant of Lon
don from going lo the United States and selling up for an
alien ? for the independent stales were made as much for
one as the other. They are for anybody who choose to

OF AARON BURR. 199
live there. But there is nothing in the treaty or act of par
liament that declares anything one way or the other, whether
the persons liviijg there shall be or shall not be deemed
British or alien. And, considering that the Americans went
to war to gain something in addition to what they had, I
think both parlies must have understood that independence
was a thing to be gained, without giving up for it, what they
already had, the character of British subjects. The Ameri
cans, therefore, did gain a new character in addition lo their
former. Nor is this any novelty. British subjects residing
in Spain or Russia, &c., have a national and local character
belonging to the country where they reside which has the
ascendency there. They do not, therefore, lose their per
sonal, their natural character ; but it revives when they
come where alone it has the property to be e.-cercised.
As to serving in offices in a foreign state, I do not see,
upon principle, that this can make any difference as to the
legal consideration. In point of fact, I dare say it might be
found that many merchants, who reside in mercantile towns
in Germany, become burghers, and serve in municipal of
fices. We certainly know that Englishmen serve in foreign
armies and navies ; and it never entered into anybody's
head to say they became thereby aliens. It may be seen
in Stat. 14 and 15, Hen. VIII., c. 4, that persons may be
swam lo foreign princes, and even disobey the king's writ,
and yet not be deemed aliens for that reason.
I believe I have touched on the principal points in this ar
gument. I hold the position of law, for which I contend as
acknowledged by- lawyers, and capable of the best proof.
The objections raised seem to me to be all novelties ; arbi
trary assumptions, in direct opposition to known principles.
I send you what I have been able to put on paper as fast
as I could write. It is, I think, the substance of the argu
ment, and quite enough for such a person as Sir Samuel
RomiUy. I beg of you to make a point that Sir S. R. or
anybody else should not show -my Writing. In the first

200 PRIVATE JOURNAL
place, it will do no good for me to be thought to have had
any communication on the subject with him. Perhaps I
should stipulate to have my paper back again. John Reeves.
prom dr. lettsome. London, April 17, 1809.
I am surprised and concerned to learn, by your letter, the
orders you have received from Lord Liverpool's office. In
all your conversation I never heard you express a sentiment
that could occasion censure were it published lo the world.
I am not in the secrets of goTemmenl or the motives of se
verity. Lbttsome.
TO MRS. WILKINSON. London, April 18, 1809.
If any letters for me should have come to your hands, be
pleased to send them by the bearer of this. Adieu, my dear
friend ; I am suddenly and unexpectedly obliged to leave
the kingdom, and cannot even have the honour of kissing
your hand before my departure. From some other country
and under different auspices you may hear of me, perhaps
from me. Offer my respectful compliments and regards to
Mr. Wilkinson. Kiss your dear children, and teach them
to remember me. My warmest wishes for your happiness
will ever attend you. A. Burr.
TO MRS. ANN ONSLOW. London, April 18, 1809.
I am greatly chagrined and disappointed, my lovely friend,
that an engagement of business, which can neither be post
poned nor neglected, must deny me the pleasure of passing
this evening with you. But aUow me just lo look in, after
five this afternoon, to kiss your fair hand and bid you adieu.
A, Burr.

OF AARON BURR. 201

TO DR. LETTSOME. London, April 19, 1809.
Our friend Hosack is on sufferance, liable every hour to
be sent off or confined. His stay cannot, I think, be pro
longed beyond to-morrow evening. He has not a guinea in
his pocket, nor have I one to spare him. He is neither
charged nor suspected of any crime, or even indiscretion,
that I can learn.
Your note of yesterday, covering one to Hosack, was
received last evening. The enclosure was forthwith trans-
milted lo its address. The conduct of the government
towards me is to be solved by adverting to political con
siderations regarding the United States. Perceiving, oc
casionally, a slight return of the complaint in my elbow, I
pray you lo favour me with the prescription which formerly
relieved me. A. Burr.
TO MRS. M. J. GODWIN. London, April 19, 1809.
My young friend, the savage, is still at large, but under
orders to be ready for march at a minute's notice. Mr. P.
has left town for the week ; lest, therefore, you should be
destitute of the means of access to him, I enclose a note for
a friend, who will obey all your commands, and who knows,
much belter than I do, all the avenues to that country. He
is also on terms of intimacy with Mr. P. and with the
American consul. Write to Mr. Randolph, giving your
orders and making your inquiries with freedom. He will
obey with cheerfulness. If it should happen that you should
meet, be not discouraged by the unpromising appearance of
a tall, meager, pale, white-headed man. There is truth,
and honour, and goodness within. A. Burr.
13

202 PRIVATE JOURNAL

TO JOHN H. koe.

^(Ondon, April 19, 1809.
I must ask an hour of the time and services of Thomas le
Grand this morning. Pray may one make him a compen
sation ? He is a sort of animal that I don't know how to
treat. Has anything been heard from Sir Samuel Romilly ?
If his opinion is to be of any use to me, it must be given
promptly. It is still doubtful whether I may not be forced
away this nighl. A. Burr.
TO MRS. ANN ONSLOW. London, April 19, 1809.
Though still in town, it is a slate of the most unpleasant
uncertainty as lo the hour of my departure, which, unfor
tunately, does not depend on myself. If it should be post
poned till Sunday, which is hoped, I shall ask permission
once more to kiss your hand and bid you another adieu.
I must apologize for the intrusion of my young friend on
Tuesday evening. In the critical stale of my affairs, it is
necessary that, when I go out, some friend be informed where
I may be found at every hour, lest intelligence of moment
might not be received in season. A. Burr.
TO JEREMY BENTHAM. London, April 19, 1809.
After leaving you last evening I saw one of the Phi
listines. He was all suavity and good-humour. Drunk, per
haps. He had not the least doubt of the cheerful concurrence
of 'Lord Liverpool in the voyage to Gottenburg, and re
quested that I would write to his lordship. He engaged
that the letter should be delivered, and read, and answered
this morning ; and lo ! the result. When I came to write
" my lord," penna digilis hoesil. I tried in vain, but could
not get it out ; so I adopted the stiff diplomatic third person.
My lady or his lordship does not slick in my savage throat ;

OP AARON BURR. 203
but "my lord" — the Lord deliver me. Resolving, how
ever, that if I did quarrel, it should be for rem and not for
modum ; and having already given up the rem, I lax your
eyes with the perusal of the note, to see if it be secundum
(or juxta) consueludinem. It must be in before ten, and
has lo come all the way back here first. Erase or add as
you like. A. Burr.
TO LORD LIVERPOOL. London, April 20, 1809.
Mr. Burr's respectful compliments. He lately received
from Lord Liverpool an intimation that his (Mr. Burr's)
presence in Great Britain was embarrassing lo his majesty's
government, and that it was the wish and the expectation of
the government that he would remove.
Without insisting on those rights which, as a natural-born
subject, he might legally assert ; without permitting himself
lo inquire whether the motives to the order were personal or
political, or whether the apprehensions expressed were real
or factitious, and without adverting to the unprovoked indig
nities which had preceded that order, or lo the personal in
conveniences which it would impose on him, Mr. Burr at
once expressed his determination lo gratify the wishes of the
government by withdrawing. It being understood that he
could not, consistently with his personal safely, visit any
country under the control or influence of France, Sweden
was thought the most proper asylum ; and the gentleman
who spoke in his lordship's name having represented Heli
goland as a place whence passages lo Sweden could readily
be found, Mr. Burr, relying on this assurance, assented lo
that voyage, and passports were made out accordingly.
But it is now ascertained that this assurance was predica
ted in error; that there is, in fact, no direct communication
between Heligoland and any part of ^weden, and that no
such passage could probably be found within many months.
Under such circumstances, Mr. Burr presumes that Lord

204 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Liverpool will permit the destination to be changed to Got
tenburg, and wUl have the goodness lo direct passports to
be made for that port. He has reason to believe that the
minister of his Swedish majesty lo this court wiU not object.
A. Burr.
TO BARON BRINKMAN.
London, April 20, 1809.
Mr. Burr had yesterday the honour of addressing a note
to Baron Brinkman (on the subject of Mr. Godfrey's inven
tion), and of transmitting for his perusal two letters from
Mr. Gahn, the Swedish consul at New-York.
Having a wish tp visit Sweden before his return to Amer
ica, Mr. Burr asks such passports as may secure him against
interruption in the territories of his Swedish majesty. He
requests that the letters of Mr. Gahn may be returned by
the bearer of this, together with such reply as, in the opinion
of Baron Brinkman, the communications of Mr. Burr may
require. FROM BARON DE BRINKMAN. London, April 20, 1809.
M. de Brinkman presents his compliments lo Mr. Burr,
and is truly sorry he was prevented from having the honour
to receive him when he called on Madame Brinkman.
He has now the honour lo send to Mr. Burr a passport
which will enable him lo land in Sweden, and does not fore
see any interruption he is likely to meet in that country as
a travelling gentleman.
Mr. Brinkman hopes Mr. Burr will excuse him for not
waiting on Mr. Burr, on account of his having been more
than usually busy during three days, and he wishes Mr.
Burr a safe and a quick passage.

OP AARON BURR. 205

TO MRS. M. J. GODWIN. London, April 21, 1809.
, Not gone, but stUl going. Congratulate me, however,
on the change of my destination from Heligoland to Gotten
burg direct. Pray procure for me Mary W.'s Tour in
Sweden. I shall leave London for Harwich on Monday
evening. At my first leisure hour I shall seek an interview.
A. Burr.
PROM MR. BROOKE.
London, April 21, 1809.
Mr. Brooke presents compliments to Col. Burr, and has
the honour to acquaint him that Lord Liverpool sees no ob
jection to Col. Burr's proceeding direct lo Gottenburg,
under the circumstances slated in Col. Burr's note of yes
terday. TO MR. BROOKE. London, April 21, 1809.
Mr. Burr's compliments ; through inattention, he omitted
lo inform Mr. Brooke that the passport of the Swedish min
ister was in the name of A. Burr, to which, therefore, il will
be proper that those of this government should conform.
TO MRS. PREVOST. London, April 17, 1809.
A few days ago liOrd Liverpool was pleased lo signify to
me that my presence in this kingdom was embarrassing lo
his majesty's government, and to express a wish that I would
remove to some olher country. A disposition was professed
to treat me with personal respect and courtesy ; to furnish
passports, and even to provide for my passage and accom
modation. I have had several conferences with the under
secretaries on the subject. It is not pretended that I have
given any cause of displeasure ; but I am left to conjecture

206 PRIVATE JOURNAL
the motives of this extraordinary procedure. It would be
easy for me lo set the government at defiance, and lo main
tain my residence ; but the political situation of the United
Slates and Great Britain, and some private considerations,
have induced me to acquiesce, and I shall depart on Thurs
day next for Heligoland, with the intention of going thence
to Sweden. I regret that the shortness of the time will not
admit of my visiting Weybridge, and that I must, in this
way, bid you adieu. I shall retain a lively recollection of
your kindness, and the warmest in the welfare of yourself
and of all that is dear to yOu.
If Captain Prevost should be with you, and should have
any friends on or near the stations to which I am bound, a
letter of mere civility might be useful lo me. My passports
are made out in the name of George Henry Edwards, the
name under which I left the United States ; but my letters
are Mr. Burr, who travels under the name of G. H. Ed
wards. A. Burr.
TO p. BARTLETT. London, April 17, 1809.
About ten days ago I received a message from Lord Liv
erpool, through one of the under secretaries, that my pres
ence in Great Britain was embarrassing lo his majesty's
government, and it was wished and expected that I would
remove lo some other country. The government offers to
furnish passports, and lo provide a passage and accommoda
tions, but the motives lo this measure are left lo conjecture.
There is little doubt but that I might contend successfully
against the legality of the proceeding, and maintain my
residence in spite of the ministry. But the critical circum
stances of the politics of the United States and Great Brit
ain, and certain private considerations, induce me to acqui
esce, and I shall, on Thursday next P, M,, take my depart
ure for Heligoland, thence to Gottenburg and Stockholm,
This resolution, and the events which have produced it.

OP AARON BURR. 20'/
would have been communicated earlier but for the daily
expectation of seeing you all in town ; a pleasure of which
I now begin to despair. Unfortunately, too, the time is
now so short that it is not possible for me lo visit Little
Gaddesden. Adieu, then, my dear sir. I offer to you, to
Mrs. Barllett, and Mrs. S. my warmest acknowledgments,
and assurances of my lasting attachment and esteem.
P.S. Major Gamble, at our first interview, frequenUy men
tioned to me a letter he had received from Col. Reckless,
which he (the major) said contained a detail of the mo-
lives and circumstances of my leaving my country. In No
vember he put the letter into my hands for perusal ; but, be
fore I had read a line of il. Col. Aubrey came in. I left the
room, leaving the letter on the table, and did not afterward
think to ask him for it. Seeing, however, the unrelenting
persecution of the American government, and the strange
manner in which I leave this country, il occurs to me that
that letter might be useful lo me ; and, if the major should
have no objection to part with it, I should be glad that he
or you would enclose it to me, under cover lo Jeremy Ben
tham, Queen's Square Place, If you should see no impropri
ety in the request, nor feel any repugnance lo the office, do
me the favour to communicate the message to him, accom
panied by my respects and thanks for his civUities. I should
have written lo him directly but that I know his great aver
sion to the trouble of writing letters.
This is a very awkward message. If you should find in it
anything offensive lo your feelings, or in the slightest degree
violating delicacy or propriety, I pray you to forgive the free
dom and forget it. Adieu, A. Burr,
TO P, BARTLETT, London, April 21, 1809.
Since writing you on the 17th my destination has been
changed. I go direct lo Gottenburg, and thence to Stock
holm. The Swedish minister has, in a very courteous man-

208 PRIVATE JOURNAL
ner, sent me a passport. It is probable I shall leave this on
Monday evening, certainly not sooner.
We have had bells ringing and guns firing these three
hours. I just now learn, by the report of a servant, that the
subject of rejoicing is a naval victory by Lord Cochrane
over the fleet which had taken refuge in the Basque Roads.
The same authority asserts the capture of seven and the de
struction of two sail of the fine, which, I think, is one more
than all. No handbill is yet out (though now 5 P. M.), or
it would be enclosed. Nobody believes in Romana's vic
tories, with which you may have been amused yesterday ;
but this of Cochrane is more than an indemnity.
If the major should hesitate about parting with his letter,
it shall be returned to him by return of mail.
A. Burr.
TO MRS. ANN ONSLOW.
London, April 21, 1809.
Many thanks, my dear friend, for your very kind note.
This day and, it is feared, all night, I must be the slave of
dull business. To-morrow, from seven till seven again, if
you please, I am under your orders. I have a great deal
lo tell you. My destination is changed, greatly to my satis
faction. My departure certainly postponed till Monday, and
certainly no longer. You forgot to tell me that you are well ;
but that I will presume from the cheerful tenour of your note.
Adieu, tiU demain au soir. Your Pilgrim.
TO MAJOR-GENERAL PICTON. London, April 21, 1809.
Is it this day or to-morrow at twelve that we are to meet
at the Coffee-house in Lisle-street? I beg pardon for
troubling you with the inquiry ; but having made, verbally,
several appointments in the course of yesterday, I am appre
hensive of having confounded the time.. A. Burr.

OF AARON BURR. 209

TO THEODOSIA.

London, April 22, 1809.
The Pacific arrived some days ago, and your letters from
10th of February lo 24th March inclusive are received.
They are extremely amusing and satisfactory, excepting a
clause announcing your return to South Carolina, of which
presently. The bUl on Mr. Moore was most opportune, for
a singular event had just taken place which, but for this suc
cour, "would have been embarrassing indeed.
My presence in this country was thought embarrassing lo
his majesty's government, and I was ordered to withdraw.
Whither ? No place could be mutually agreed on. In short,
the government would agree to no place but Heligoland, a
barren island about sixty miles from the coast of Denmark,
now in possession of Great Britain. This difficulty, how
ever, was yesterday, the day allotted for my embarcation,
solved by the Swedish minister, who very courteously, on
rrty application, sent me a passport for Sweden. Last sum
mer this government refused me a passport to Sweden ; but
within an hour (this evening) a note is received advising me
of its assent. I leave town for Harwich on Monday, and
embark for Gottenburg on Tuesday, having every reason
to expect a very hospitable reception in Sweden. You may
well conclude that the £40 drawn for in favour of Caplain
Skinner, and the amount of your bill, have not been applied
to the bookseller.
The perfidy of the person on whose notes I relied for sup
port ; whose ability is known, and whose promises were the
most solemn, had nearly produced the effect which, I am
persuaded, he meditated. If any friend had been active
after the first failure in December, payment might have been
produced. But do not now enter into any quarrel about it.
I feel myself now above dependance, and have hopes of other
resources. I go cheerfully on this voyage. It is one I have
long desired and meditated. You may continue to address

210 PRIVATE JOURNAL
your letters, as heretofore, to Jeremy Benlham, without en
closure, putting some one or more letters at the left hand
corner below, on the face. N. R. was proposed, and may
be used. Through this country is the shortest and safest
passage for letters to Sweden. Write by every private
ship bound to any English or Scotch port. Write on larger
paper and no covers. I have paid, since being here, many
guineas for covers of American letters.
A letter from E. W. L., by the Pacific, informs me that
the books sent by While are all safe and in good order'in the
hands of Coil and Woolsey, in New-York, who are ready lo
deliver them to Alston on the payment of about twenty guin
eas. I have, therefore, this day settled with White, and
agreed that he may draw on Mr. Alston for the balance, which
will be from £80 lo £83, at sixty days. Of course, Mr. Al
ston will take aU the books, and, if anything should come out
of those notes, lake what you please. It is with great hesi
tation that I have done this, but there was no alternative.
Your return to South Carolina at this season, and at the
moment of incipient recovery, appears to me the most unac
countable instance of inconsiderate folly that ever was prac
tised by one out of Bedlam, and I equally blame you both.
I consider you as lost, and all my sacrifices as useless. God
grant a belter issue. This unfortunate circumstance has
given me more pain and solicitude than the vexations of both
governments ; for here, too, I have had the honour of being
a state prisoner as a dangerous alien ; an attempt, probably,
to conciUate the government of the United States. Contem
plating your present situation under a burning sun, I can
write you nothing cheerful. Some trifles I have for the
boy will not be sent, for they would never reach him. As
if all intercourse was to be cut off between us, you have
given me no address.
I claim from Mr. Alston a promise under his hand, that,
upon the first appearance of disease or debility, he will,
without consulting you, transport you north of the Hudson.

OF AARON BURR. 211
He gave me his word before marriage, and I claim now the
renewal of that promise. You may be made lo do anything ;
to say anything ; to write anything. After four experiments,
all nearly fatal, I would not have made a fifth with a dog.
On reading what I have written, I could almost wish
there were less of feeling in it, for it will give you both
pain, and this again is reflected back on me ; but I have no
time to write over, and this is so mixed up with business
ihat it must go. I shall write Mr. Alston, lo accompany
White's draft, a formal letter of business, but a sealed letter.
I am wrong. It will not accompany the bUL This I per
emptorily refused. It must, however, be shown lo him, and
he trusts to my word lo send it. It is late, and I have a
thousand occupations incident to my departure. God bless
you aU. A. Burr.
PROM p. BARTLETT. Little Gaddesden, April 22, 1809.
Your letter of the 17th, by some inexplicable delay, did
not reach me till yesterday, and I despaired of my answer
arriving with you before your departure, until this morning,
that I had the pleasure lo receive yours of yesterday. I am
much obliged to you for taking the trouble of communica
ting lo me the important good news contained in it, which
has afforded me much satisfaction. I trust the blow that
has been struck by Lord Cochrane wUl relieve us from any
apprehensions from the naval force of France for some lime
lo come.
I am truly sorry to-find that you are so soon lo leave this
country ; for I flattered myself with the hopes of enjoying
the pleasure of your society in London, where we think of
going some time next week, lo remain for a month. The
conduct pf our ministry lo you has surprised me greatly, but
I conclude it must proceed from the machinations of some
secret enemy.
I lost no lime in communicating your message to my

212 PRIVATE JOURNAL
neighbour. Major Gamble ; but I am sorry to say that he
declines giving the letter in question, although he says he
has no objection to giving a copy of that part of it which re
lates to you. I am just going lo make a further apphcalion
to him on the subject, and shaU let you know the result be
fore I close this letter.
It wUl give me real pleasure to hear from you when you
have leisure and inclination, and that you find any opportu
nities lo this country, for be assured that no one can inter
est themselves more sincerely about you. With all good
wishes for your health and happiness, in which Mrs. Barllett
and Mrs. Span beg lo join, I am P. Bartlett.
P.S. I have just seen the major again, who has returned
me the same answer, desiring me to present his compli
ments, and to say that he has no objection to furnishing you
with a copy of that part of the letter which relates lo you.
I presume he means lo transmit il lo you himself; for, had
he intrusted me with it, I should have undertaken it with
pleasure. - P. B.
TO MRS,  , N, Y, London, April 25, 1809,
Your letters, my dear friend, are worth all that I receive,
not excepting even those of Theo, You tell me what I want
to know, and you talk of yourself; and then, so much pretty
flattery is so consoling. To be sure I make very bad re
turns. But, indeed, there is no satisfaction in writing when
one can't write everything ; and how this is applicable, you
will judge before I have done this short note.
Mr. Jefferson, or the Spanish Juntas, or probably both,
have had influence enough lo drive me out of this country.
An intimation was lately sent me from Lord Liverpool " that
my presence was embarrassing to his majesty's govern
ment," and that I must be off. So this night I shall be in
a mailcoach for Harwich, where I shall embark to-morrow
for Gottenburg.

OP AARON BURR. 213
I had serious thoughts of going direct to the United Slates,
but it appeared best to wait a litlle longer ; besides, I wished
very much to pass a few weeks in Sweden. It is some
thing odd, that last autumn I asked for a passport to Sweden,
and it was refused. Now I am transported whether I will
or not. Il is civil in them, however, to provide me passage
and accommodations. The Swedish minister. Baron Brink-
man, has no sort of apprehension about my visiting his coun
try. On the contrary, he has behaved lo me with something
more than mere politeness, and has even given himself some
trouble to secure me a kind and hospitable reception. For
this, however, I am probably indebted lo my amiable friend,
Gahn. Send for him and tell him so ; and, further, that I
shall write to him on my arrival in Stockholm, where I hope
lo be within eight days. Neptune, you know, is always
kind to me.
Now, though I am so very bad a correspondent, I must
insist on your writing to me often and much ; and something
of the slate of parties and politics as affecting me. Address
your letters lo the care of "James Achaud, Esq., No. 16
Bloomsbury Square, London." Let T. W. M. put them in
the British mail ; for if you should put them into the post-
office they will go lo Washington City. By no means ad
dress anything to Lord B. He would be frightened into
hysterics. Teach your chUdren to remember me, and forgive all my
sins of omission. The only sort of sins which a fine woman
never forgives ! God ever bless thee, and give thee a better
friend. A. Burr.
TO MR. AND MRS. THORPE. London, April 25, 1809.
I shall leave town for Harwich at twelve this night, and
shall sail to-morrow for Gottenburg. Our friend C. will
teU you the extraordinary circumstances which occasion my
sudden departure.

214 PRIVATE JOURNAL
It has been impossible for me to see you, which I greatly
regret. I shall bear with me the recollection of your good
ness and friendship. Let me be kept in remembrance by
your children. We shaU, ere long, meet under different au
spices. A. Burr.
TO MRS. prevost. London, April 25, 1809.
At twelve this night I leave town for Harwich, whence I
shall sail to-morrow for Gottenburg. Having found, on in
quiry, that it would not be easy to get from Heligoland, nor
pleasant to stay there, the Swedish minister having mani
fested a disposition to do all in his power lo ensure me a
hospitable reception in Sweden, I have great reason lo be
gratified with this change in my plan.
Seeing no present probability of visiting Bath, your letter
for Mrs. Clarke is herewith returned. I have only time to
bid you adieu, and lo assure you again that, in all lime and
in all places, I am your obliged friend,
A. Burr.
TO JAMES ACHAUD.
London, April 25, 1809.
I shall embark in the mail at two to-night. Letters for
me may come lo your hands addressed to Edwards, Me
ville, Kirby, Dunbar, &c. You see I have as many names
as any thief or nobleman in England. Not that I really
wear them aU, but different friends may use these different
appellations. While in Sweden I hope lo have no occasion
for any olher name than A. Burr.
TO J. L. MALLET. London, April 25, 1809.
It would seem to be something out of order to enclose a
gentleman his own note. But, if a thing must be burned,
the author, undoubtedly, is the most proper executioner.

OP AARON BURR. 215
Witness the Duke of York and Mrs. Clark. I thank you,
however, for the kind attempt. Nothing further has been
done in the question of alienism, nor is it now material that
anything should be done.
The mailcoach wiU take me this night to Harwich, whence
I shall embark to-morrow for Gottenburg, in obedience to
the sentence of ostracism declared by the benign Lord Liv
erpool. A. Burr.
TO MISS ANN WILLIAMSON.* London, April 25, 1809.
The beautiful liltle tale of Herman and Dorothea may
sometimes recall me to your memory, when I may no longer
have the power to awaken your recollection. Remember
that I have transferred to you and to your brother that warm
affection which I bore your father; lo you, perhaps, the
larger portion. I shall always take a most lively interest
in all that concerns you, and be very much gratified to hear
of your occupations, your views, and your prospects.
A. Burr.
TO MRS. PHILLIPS. Harwich, April 26, 1809.
I slept soundly in the mailcoach, and feel quite refreshed.
My destination will be Gottenburg, and not Heligoland, as
was intended. The change is greatly to my satisfaction.
We shall embark within two hours. I shall be full of so
licitude about you until you shall inform me that you have
been extricated from the unpleasant dilemma in which I left
you. Hasten to communicate this good news, and any other
regarding yourself. Affectionately adieu,
A. Burr.
* Dahghter of Colonel Charles Williamson.
D 3

216 PRIVATE JOURNAL

TO WILLIAM HOSACK.

Harwich, April 26, 1809.
A letter for the Swedish minister is enclosed. That for
Dr. Leltsome I thought it belter lo send by maU lo himself
direct. I have given him your address.
The custom-house officers have executed their duty with
great courtesy. Our baggage has been passed and is on
board ; but, for want of wind, we shall not sail lUl to-mor
row. Gel you a large sack, and cram into it the various ar
ticles left with you for the purpose.
Brinkman's letter may be delivered open. The best way
will be lo call at his house about eleven A. M., and send up
your card and the letter. God bless and speed you.
A. Burr.
FROM MR. AND MRS. GODWIN.
London, April 26, 1809.
You will be in Paris. There you cannot do us a more
real pleasure (in addition lo the letting us hear of you) than
in contriving that we mayhear of Mrs. Louisa Marlow, the
lady from this country whom we have mentioned to you al
ready. It would also afford her high pleasure to see or hear
from the gentleman I now address. She was the favourite
pupil of Mrs. Alston's favourite author. The person who
can tell you most about her in Paris is Mr. Frisac, Hotel de
Grand Brelagne. And now, farewell ! All happiness and
prosperity attend you. I wish I could persuade you (but
what can I expect ; and who have mixed so much less in the
busy scenes of life ?) that my method, the method I have
laid down for doing good, is (which I firmly believe) the best.
Wm. Godwin.
Your picture went this morning. I have kept your port
folio, and wish lo keep it. Need I entreat you to write to
us ? God bless you. Sure we shall meet again.
M. J. Godwin.

OF AARON BURR. 217
JOURNAL.
1809. May I. Rose at four. Well and hungry. Shaved
and got breakfast at six. At noon, supposed we had made
250 miles from Harwich. About half passage. Wind fair
all day. At night, though clear and a steady light breeze
from S.W., took in all sail except mainsail, a 1' Angloise.
2. Wind all night good, and stiU so. Two sprightly, sen
sible women on board, Mrs. Daily and Mrs. Barnes, going
to join their husbands, who are in Sweden. Mrs. B. has a
very fine litlle girl about four years.
I took possession of the longboat. Made a sort of loun-
ging-place, where, with an umbrella, I read much at my ease ;
taking no notice of any one, not even des dames. My ter
ritories were invaded yesterday by Madame D. Reads re
markably well, and is indefatigable. Read lo me all M'lle.
Wolsloncraft's tour through Sweden, and the greater part of
Sheridan's Revolution of 1772. Madame B. has been some
years in Russia. Shipwrecked on the Russian coast lately on
her way lo England. Passed through a variety of adventures.
Played much at chess with Captain Nordenskold, of the
Swedish navy, who is rather my superior at chess.
3. Wind still good. At five we saw the church and light
house of Gottenburg, at the Schone. Entered the harbour
at twelve. Anchored at the lower town. Sent up our pass
ports by the caplain. At two came on board the two hus
bands of the ladies. Both prepossessing appearance and
manners. Permission came by a custom-house officer to
land ; our baggage to be taken to the custom-house. Went
in custom-house boat with several of the passengers, being
nearly two miles to the city. Enter the canal of the main
street. Our baggage all passed without any troublesome
search. Trunks merely opened for form. My sack, the
article about which I was most apprehensive of trouble, on
account of the books it contained, passed without opening.
But my large trunk, containing all my clothes, is missing.
Vol. I.— K

218 PRIVATE JOURNAL
I sent by the caplain M'Donnaugh's letter to Malm el fils,
with a note requesting them to provide me a lodging. While
at the custom-house, a brother-in-law of Malm came from
him lo show me my lodgings. Smith, the British consul,
hearing that I had a letter for him fr.om Col. Mosheim, came
also to tender his services. Mr. Oppenheim, of Memel,
merchant, fellow-passenger, very civU. Offered me a room
at his quarters, which, fool-like, I did not accept. Alas ! my
trunk, my trunk.
My lodgings very commodious. Three large rooms well
furnished, but not a creature in the house speaks one word
of any language of which I have the slightest knowledge.
Made my landlord understand that I wished to go lo the
theatre. He went with me. Paid for two seats in the pit,
the boxes being all full. All pantomime to me. Much
amused with two young girls in boy's clothes, tight panta
loons and short waistcoats, one of whom played admirably.
The ballet and pantomime amusing enough by force of
novelty. Two good dancers. One of each sex. Malm's
young man, seeing me in the pit, got me a place in the box.
Out at ten. Got home, but could not make my host under
stand that I wanted a dish of tea. After labouring in vain
for a quarter of an hour, was obliged to take him out to the
house of a Frenchman, who spoke Swedish, and who ex
plained for us. Tea was got very cheerfully. A long pipe
and tobacco.
My bed has a single light coverlet, not heavier than a
sheet. No other covering. But, being quilted down, found
it very warm. Mem. — While at the custom-house. Captain
Nordenskold brought and introduced to me his brother, a
lieutenant of artillery, and desired him to devote himself lo
me. The lieutenant speaks a few words of French, but no
English. 4. The tea kept me awake till four, and I had ordered the
host lo wake me at seven, which he did most punctually.

OP AARON BURR. 219
and I got up. Dressed as well as could be without my
trunk, and breakfasted. Not in good order.
Lieutenant N. came in lo lender himself. We walked to
Malm's; to Consul Smith's; to a bookseller's; to the cus
tom house. No news from the trunk. At two the lieuten
ant took me to a coffee-house to dine. A public table. A
bill of fare produced, and each guest orders what he likes,
which is brought him on a plate, with bread and napkin.
We drank porter. Paid and lieutenant remercied. Met the
captain and mate of the Diana. Both swear the trunk is not
on board ! The mate agreed to meet me at seven at Todd's,
at the landing. Walked there with the lieutenant, one and
a half miles. The mate not there. Took punch and pipe,
and walked on as much farther. Met the caplain on return.
Still insists that the trunk was put into the custom-house
boat. The steward says the same. Engaged Smith and
Malm to aid in search. Hbme at nine. Tea.
5. Yesterday the lieutenant took my passport to show to
the commandant, Col.  , and to the police. It was re
turned, the production being endorsed by both. At the in
stance of the lieutenant also I went yesterday with him to
pay my respects to the commandant. A very awkward
visit. He did not ask rae lo sit down. A stout, square
man of fifty-five, speaking tolerable French.
As the packet will sail to-morrow for Harwich, and the
mail closes this evening at five, wrote a postscript lo my
letters to Theodosia, a letter to W. Graves about my trunk,
enclosing lo him letters for Theodosia and a letter to Bel-
lington, the agent of aliens at Harwich — a civil-looking ani
mal — also about the trunk. Not only all my clothes, but
my four letter-books, gone, gone ! Went to Smith and
Malm to urge them to search ; but it is probable that my
trunk never left Harwich.
At five went lo Smith's lo give my letters, and lo ! his
young Swede had found my trunk on board the Diana,
K2

220 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Went to the same coffee-house to dine. Salmon, potatoes,
wine and water, cheese and butler, half a rix dollar.
Went with my lieutenant to hunt a carriage (a sort of
cabriole), of which, it is said, one must be bought. Mr.
Hedborn and the Russian mineralogist called, and proposed
to join in a journey lo Stockholm. Hedborn has a carriage
which will hold three. As he is a Swede, and speaks tol
erable English, this is a most acceptable overture. Neither
Malm nor Smith have called on me, or offered any hospitality.
6. At Gotheborg yet, which we write Gottenburg.
Breakfast at eight. Sorti to Malm's, where learn that an
English packet from Harwich arrived last evening. Walked
to the landing with Hedborn. On board the packet found
Hosack. Took my trunk from on board the Diana, and
came up in a boat, rowed by two boys, with Hosack. My
trunk passed and taken home. Nothing demanded at the
custom-house. I was permitted to give a few copper pieces
to the under officers. The principal expressed great indig
nation at learning that I had, on the former occasion, paid a
guinea to a person whom I supposed to be the custom-house
officer, but who, il is found, is a broker. On my return
home, sent for that broker and got back my guinea, paying
him two rix-doUars for his trouble, viz., getting a boat for
us, and attending us lo the custom-house. Showed Hosack
to the quarters of Hedborn, where he got a room, and is to
go with us to-morrow. We are lo set off at seven in the
morning, 11. Arrived at Stockholm at ten. Were detained at the
gate about an hour by the custom-house officers, but they
were not unreasonable or troublesome. The trunks not un
packed, AU the taverns and hotels full. Through the good
offices of our good-natured fellow-traveller, Mr. Hedborn, we
got beds at the house of an obscure mechanic, in an alley
near the exchange.
The approach to Stockholm has nothing striking, nothing
to indicate an approach to the capital. No view of the town.

OP AARON BURB, 221
12, At ten to Professor Gahn's, who was out. Saw his
wife, who speaks French, Left with her the letter from the
consul, H. Gahn, Returning, called on the Count or Baron
Mancke, governor of the palace, and having apartments
therein. Was in his court dress, with the Spanish cloak, A
handsome man, and has the air of a man of the world. Left
the letter of Col. Mosheim. At one called on Baron Armfelt
with the letter of Baron Brinkman, The baron a good, firm,
soldierly appearance ; might pass for fifty, but must be
older. Took dinner at an ordinary. Fish, potatoes, pudding,
bread, butter, cheese, and brandy and water, three shillings
sterling. In the evening Hedborn came in, and asked us lo
dine to-morrow. Professor Gahn called on me in the fore
noon, and engaged me to dine on Sunday, The hour, in
both cases, half past two,
13, At eleven called with the letter of Achaud on Mr. C,
a good, respectable-looking merchant. Appeared much in
disposed. His head bound up. On M. Wennerquisl, with
the letter of Col. Mosheim. A house very handsomely fur
nished. Many fine paintings. Is a wealthy banker. Pro
posed to walk with me lo several places. At twelve we
went to the  , where is the Society of Nobles. He in
scribed my name, which gives me the freedom of the house.
Very magnificent apartments. A hotel ; a public table,
where, at a moderate price, the members, or one introduced,
may dine ; see all the newspapers, &c. Thence to the
gardens, where walked an hour. Pas beau coup de monde.
It is yet too cold.
To Hedborn's lo dine-y-his wife and her sister. Mademoi
selle Poussett ; two very pretty women, but, malheureuse-
ment, speaking nothing but Swedish ; Mr. Hyland, two clerks
of Mr. H., and Hosack. Before dinner, brandy, bread and
cheese, salt herring, cut into small pieces and handed round.
Fish, then soup, then bouilli and roll ; good claret, of which
the ladies partook. All rose at once from table. Bows and

222 PRIVATE JOURNAL
salutations. Coffee served immediately. Then open rooms.
Third story. At seven came off with Hosack.
14. Wennerquisl said I must positively change lodgings ;
that they are not reputable. Went to look at chambers.
Ten rix-doUars asked for such as could be had for a guinea
in London. To the postoffice, which is open on Sunday.
Letters are called for, and not sent out. To Gahn's to dine.
Wife, daughter, and niece ; two brothers ; a cousin, Diedron,
very handsome young man ; Mr. Foster, the British charge
d'affaires. 15. Un peu stupid with Gahn's good wine. At eleven lo
Gahn's ; saw the family. He also came in. To Colonel
Gahn's. Walked with him and Hosack to the Observatory.
Dinner at the French hotel with Col. Gahn, Hosack being
engaged to dine at the Merchants' Society, After dinner
walked to see the College. The garden and park extensive,
and the trees fine. Met the Countess C. and her niece.
Took tea with her.
16. Having very mal apropos taken a little physic last
evening, it kept me up till five ; took cold ; lay till nine, and
rose quite iU. While I was in bed Baron Mancke's servant
called and left the baron's card (peut etre a visit a la Swe-
daise), and inquired whether I was engaged for Friday. An
hour after he returned with an invitation from the baron and
baroness to dine on Friday, which accepted. At ten Baron
Armfelt's servant called lo ascertain where I lodged. No
message. Col. Gahn came in at eleven ; sat half an hour. Strolled
about for an hour. Then to Col. Gahn's, and look him to
introduce me lo Catteau, whom we found at home. A
sprightly, well-bred man, apparently not more than forty-
eight. His congregation being principally dispersed, he pro
poses to return to Paris. Is now engaged in writing a View
physique el Commercial of the Baltic, which will, undoubt
edly, be very interesting. He will not publish it till he
reaches Paris. He had not a copy of his View of Sweden,

OF AARON BURR. 223
nor have I been able lo find one. An imperfect Enghsh
translation I brought with me.
Took a bowl of soup at home. At six, went with Hosack
lo introduce him to Professor Gahn's family, and lo take
tea-y-the family (except the doctor), two elderly ladies, a
daughter of  Gahn. Left Hosack there and came off
at eight. Supped on bread, butter, and cheese, with porter,
hot water, and sugar, M'Ue, Gahn was engaged in making
shoes a la Melville,
17, At eleven came in Wennerquisl, with Slade and
Hartshorn, The latter left New- York on 24th March,
They had just arrived from London, by the route of Har
wich and Gottenburg. To Col. Gahn's, who was in his
nightgown, and writing. Took his servant to pUot me lo
the marechal du royaume. Count Klingstrop (or near that),
and Count Brse, governor of Gottenburg. By mistake, the
rascal took me to a Count  , where I left a card, suppo
sing it to be the marechal. Left cards, also, with the real
marechalup two flights of stairs. Spent half an hour hunting
lodgings. Home at one. Haseling came in, and we had
three games of chess. At half past two, lo the Society of
Nobles, to dine; an elegant, magnificent hotel, where none
but the society, and those introduced by a member, admit
ted. You meet persons of the first distinction ; the first
officers of state, foreign ministers, &c. A variety of dishe»
and dessert; and coffee served after dinner. A billiard-
room. Card-tables. A news-room. All the domestic and
foreign gazettes, new publications, &c. A library beauti
fully situated. Four of us had two bottles of French wine,
and our bill was two rix-dollars each.
Home at five. To the quarters of Slade and Hartshorn.
To the theatre. A comedy and farce in Swedish. Silence.
Order. Not one laugh, except Hosack's. Less buffoonery
than in England or the United States. The acting natural
and sprightly. Curtain continues up till the end of the play,
and again from beginning lo the end of the farce. No change

224 PRIVATE JOURNAL
of scene. The same throughout the whole performance.
The orchestra good, and one of the women a very fine
voice. Not a hght except on the stage ; but between ihe
pieces a large lustre, with about twenty Argand lamps,
let down from the ceiling, so that we could then see each
other. No noise, even between the pieces, except cheerful
talk, in the lone of common conversation. The dresses very
good. No handsome or elegant women. But il is said that
there is one who did not appear, A box ticket is a rix-dol-
lar ; but the highest places (they were all taken) a doUar
banco. At home a little past ten, StUl broad daylight.
18. Mr. Gahn, nephew of the professor, and a member
of the diet, called before I was up. Just looked into my
room and went off. He called again at eleven. Sent by
Professor Gahn lo show us lodgings, Hosack went out
with him and got suited. Two rooms at seven ri.x-doUars
(one guinea) per week,-firewood (which is nothing at this
season) included.
Col, Gahn having informed me that I was this day to be
presented to the regent, dressed for the purpose, and sat in
state waiting for him till two. Sent Hosack to see what
was the matter. The colonel had gone out early and left
no message. Quod mirum !
Went with Hosack to see our new quarters, which are
commodious and decent. He went to dine at the hotel. I
took three eggs at home. At four Henlaud caUed by appoint
ment to go lo see the Manufacture de Fayaure, near two
mUes. The principal was out, and we saw nothing. Being
near lo the Comtesse C, went on lo see her. They were
dressing lo go out. Returned alone. On the way the
comtesse overtook me, and stopped the carriage to parley.
Reminded me of the ball to-morrow. Home at si.x, a little
weary. These stones fatigue. All the pavements pebbles.
Before the arrival of Henlaud this afternoon, came in lo
see Hosack, by appointment, Potter, an old negro, who has
married in this place a young lady of decent family. Ap-

OF AARON BURR. 225
pears a shrewd old dog. About 60, as ugly as possible.
Gentlemen and ladies talk and walk with him in the street.
On coming in he laid aside his Spanish cloak, which is the
fashionable costume ; look a chair, and sal near an hour,
Henlaud called at seven, and we chessed till nine. Sent
for Hedborn lo aid us lo settle with our landlord. He
would have twelve rix-dollars per week for rooms not worlh
four, and which he offered for six. Compounded for ten.
Our week's living in this den is three guineas, though we
had lo go abroad for our dinners,
19. Sent for Mr. Gahn, the son of the member of the diet,
to interpret and assist in settling. At nine he came. Our
host determined to make the most of us. He charged twelve
sch, per day for the servants' attendance. We finally settled
at twenty-one rix-dollars. We had breakfast and lea with
them. Our new quarters, two handsomely-furnished and
pleasant rooms, with the use of a third, in common with one
other person, at seven rix-dollars per week. The rooms
are worth double those we left, yet the price is double what
it would be if the diet were off.
No person in our new quarters speaks a word of French
or English, Hence much vexation. Unpacked and settled
ourselves. At half past two to dine with Baron Mancke-y-
the baron el ux and a httle niece (12), Professor Ami, and
Dr. Domcier, the German physician to the Duke of Sussex,
who is here a missionary for benevolent purposes from the
Philanthropic Society, invited, but did not come.
The sideboard and brandy before dinner. At dinner,
eggs and slices of salt salmon ; roast beef; fish, then soup,
veal, and spinach; wild fowl. At table about two hours,
then all rose together. Our bows, &c. Adjourned to the
saloon-y-coffee. At half past five came off with Professor
Ami, On our way he took me lo the German doctor's
(Sussex) lo introduce me. Out, Left card, Arnt came
home with me and sat a while. At six Gahn came to take
us lo the ball, Hosack, not being able to make his toilet,
K3

226 PRIVATE JOURNAL
was left. On our way met Mr,  of the City College,
who went with us. Took boat (to save lime, about five hun
dred going by the bridge) ; all these boats rowed by women.
At the baU about sixty ladies (not so splendid as that at the
Exchange) ; Countess of  and her niece ; Baron Wran
gle, Baron Armfelt, who introduced me to his daughter, the
Baroness of  , a very fine woman ; a physiognomy of
great intelligence ; trfes belle. La Baroness De B. cru la
plus belle pas par moi.
21. Walked to hear Catteau preach. The service was
nearly concluded before I got there. The congregation con
sisted of nine women and thirteen men. Walked to the
King's Garden (or Vauxhall); full of monde. Home. Cat
teau came in and sat half an hour. Pleasant, cheerful, and
instructive. 22. To Dr. Gahn's lo dine. We were late ; dinner was
on the table. On coming in to Dr. Gahn's to-day, the little
Eva, who speaks not one word of French or English, ran
and seized me round the neck in the most affectionate man
ner. She talks to me a great deal, and imagines that I un
derstand every word. She is one of the most beautiful and
interesting children I ever saw.
The dinner was sumptuous, and would, in any part of the
world, have been thought Ires bien. The forms as before,
except that soup followed immediately the salt herring.
Three of the ladies very sprightly and animated in conver
sation. An officer of the rank of  remarked to me that I
spoke French much belter than English, and inquired which
of the European languages the native language of the
Americans most resembled.
23. Slept till nine. Professor Arnt being expected at ten,
we had enough to do to get dressed in lime. Walked with
him lo the palace to see the pictures, the statues, and libra
ry. Slade and Hartshorn came in. They stale that seven
American vessels have been captured by the Danes. To
supper at Dr. Gahn's,

OP AARON BURR, 227
24, At nine sorti to Hedborn's, Left with him ten guineas
to be changed into Swedish paper. Mel M'lle. Posse belle
sour de H. ; entered and talked a few minutes by signs. Mr.
Potter noir de Boston m'd ici une blanche d'un famille.
Very civil and useful. To vieux H.-y-the baron ux et niece,
Le General Baron C. de Morner, ch. d'un Regt. de Hussards.
Dined in the room in which the revolution of 1772 was pro
jected and matured by Gus. III. At dinner Gamp, gave
" Les prisoniers royaux,"* which was received by Baron
Mun., Spanish minister, with inexpressible sensibility ; tears,
&c. Went back to meet the Countess of  , being her
we saw at Desbero's ; belle femme. All spoke French
fluently. The prince and his elder sister walk with the
two ladies of the queen's suite to Haga. Beautiful prome
nade along the lake. The temple, the pavilion. Went
through the lower story of the palace. Four beautiful rooms.
Picture of Gus. III. To the new palace. Magnificent
plan. The place for the guard. Singular effect produced
by copper pavihons and tents pointed k la Chinois. Back
to old Haga at nine. Supper. The baron walks with us
to town. Locked out and great plague.
The prince is a fine boy (nine) ; eyes and forehead very
good ; lower part not corresponding. The princess seven,
not handsome. Neither of them looking very healthy. They
were in a little barouche, drawn by four little horses. Near
the palace saw the youngest princess, about one year old ;
pretty. The second also, about five.
27, Gahn came at eleven. We walked to see the Psyche
and Cupid, the Muse of History, the Mars carrying off Venus,
wounded and fainting, the Boy picking a Thorn out of his
Foot, and the statue of Gus. III., all of which are works of
great merit. The queen, who was Princess of Baden, said
to be handsome ; but in the bust very defective in the nose
and mouth. Home at two. Found waiting Bergslrom. He
? This probably alluded to Ferdinand VII. ; his father, then recently detainetj
by Napoleon in Fraftce,

228 PRIVATE JOURNAL
offers lo give me a lesson in Swedish every day, lo which I
agree, 29, Before I was out of bed a servant of Armfelt came in
with a note from him, informing me that there would be a
levee at the regent's at nine, when I would be presented.
Dressed and went to Gen, A.'s a liltle before nine, but it
seems that I must have a sword, chap, bra., and buckles ; so
put off the presentation tUl Thursday.
To D'Aries, French emigrant libraire, to see about lodg
ings. He offers rooms which we shall lake, principally for
the convenience of his library, of which he offers the use,
and for that of being in a family whose language we can im-
dersland, 30. Baron Mancke gave me the names of five gentlemen
(holding offices about the person of the regent) whom I
ought to visit previous to being presented. Offered lo make
the visits for me if I would give him five cards, which I
did. The visits will be made by sending those cards by a
servant. Baron M. also offers lo introduce me to-morrow
morning at nine, lo which agreed.
31. At ten sorti to buy chap, bra., &c. Was asked twen
ty-five rix-dollars for a very indifferent castor hat, and fifteen
for one much worse. The best of them not worlh half a
guinea. For a pair of common plated buckles three rix-
dollars, not worlh two shUlings and sixpence. These are
rather too heavy taxes lo pay for the honour of visiting the
regent. Baron Armfelt's servant was here at seven this
morning with a message from the baron that he would meet
me au Palais at a quarter past nine to-morrow morning, lo
introduce me. Note from Baron M. inviting us to dine at
Haga on Friday. Replied oui. Tried to borrow a hat, but
in vain,
Stockholm, June 1, The journal has been neglected since
Wednesday last, and now, on Tuesday evening, at ten at
night, writing by daylight, I sit down to recollect the trifling
incidents of the last six days. Trifling, indeed ! but if the

OF AARON BURR, 229
operations of my head and heart could be delineated, each
day would fill a volume.
This day full of business for the levee, and am at length
accoutred with the three deficient articles of buckles, sword,
and hat. The buckles were bought for one rix-doUar, being
worth about ninepence. Sword borrowed from Dr, Gahn,
and hat, which was the greatest trouble, borrowed by H.
from a good-natured French marchand. Baron M, sent his
servant last evening lo say that I must be at his chambers
in the palace at a quarter before nine. Went punctually
and found him ready. The levee commenced exactly at
nine. We were on the spot at the moment. You would
have laughed lo see Gamp, with his sword and immense
three-cornered hat. We waited one hour exactly before the
regent made his appearance. He is sixty-one years of age,
but appears much older, and an air use — something like Mr.
Samuel H  , only not so tall by about three inches, and
has a flat nose, Mr, H., loo, has rather the advantage in
point of dignity and grace. His royal highness exchanged
a few words with me in French, He was in the room about
twenty minutes. Spoke lo about fifteen or twenty persons,
A few kissed his hand. There were present sixty-three
persons. I counted them. Vice-admiral Stedungk was
particularly attentive to me.
Got home at eleven, excessively fatigued. Lay an hour
on the sofa reading Catteau,
Made agreement to-day with Mons, d'Aries for one room
on a first floor (which is what we call second story) and the
occasional use of a parlour to receive visiters, and two rooms
for Hosack in the fifth story, at seven rix-dollars per week,
2. At two walked to Haga to dinner with Baron Mancke.
After dinner walked two hours and returned to tea. After
lea walked again, then came in to supper. The supper is a
very substantial meal. Fish, roast, fricassees, &c. Two
cards received by the Manckes while I was there, announ
cing the death, one of a husband, the other of a father. Both

230 PRIVATE JOURNAL
concluding with this caution — " condolences are not re
ceived." Professor Arnt expressed his opinion that all
women ought lo be shut up, as in Persia.
3. Breakfasted at nine. Read a romance, Les Amours
de Daphnis et Cloe, traduil du Grec de Loiigus par Arryot.
This romance is supposed to have been written after that of
Heliodorus (Thecgenes and Cariclea).
4. Sat out for Lisbon Hill, where we are invited by Wen
nerquisl to a musical party. Very much amused on the
way lo see the mode of passing Sunday. Vast numbers of
both sexes engaged in various sports. Fiddles and other
music. Dancing parties in many houses. Always a com
edy on Sunday. Went half a mile beyond the house of W.
before I could ascertain where it was. At length found it.
He was in town. One Swedish servant only at home. No
preparation for any party. Returned home and look coffee,
wondering at this disappointment,
5, During the night, formed a plan for returning to the
United States, Full of it all day. New- Jersey was to be
my location. This forenoon saw Hosack for the first lime
since being at this house. He had been charged by Wen
nerquisl to tell me that the parly intended for Sunday was
postponed, but omitted to do it.
6. This day we received news of the new arrangement
between the United States and Great Britain. The procla
mation of the president opening intercourse with Great
Britain. 9. Sor. at eleven with Dr. Gahn, who called lo invite me
to go and see the show. All the troops, as well mUilia as
regulars, under arms, to be sworn to the new king and con
stitution. Sworn by regiments and by word of command.
Immense concourse of people of all sexes and ages. The
king rode about on horseback, saluting and saluted.
Finished reading Eustace's letter to Cleomenes,430 octavo
pages. A strange medley of things personal, of Grecian and
Roman history and maxims, of anecdotes, &c., but not badly

OF AARON BURR. 231
put together, and amusing. Written in 1730. Says he is
the nearest male relation of the late Mr. Addison.
At six to tea at Gahn's by invitation. Col. Gahn was to
attend me to the levee, which is announced for this evening
at seven. Put on my sword and tripod, and went. A very
splendid display of beauty. There were many hundreds.
Those who pretended to be able to form a judgment said
1600. The king looked much better than when I last saw
him ; went very well through the forms. The queen still
better. The Princess Louisa appeared to labour, and to be
fatigued with it. Met there all my acquaintance of both
sexes. Came off at nine and supped at Gahn's. His
nephew left town this day, to my great regret, for he was
my most useful and willing guide. He called lo lake leave.
10. I am better without the afternoon tea and coffee, and
resolve to discontinue it. Read two or three hours this
morning in a French work printed in 1804, entitled, "De la
Philosophic de la Nature ou Traite de Morale pour le Genie
Humain lire de la Philosophic et fonde sur la Nature." The
style very fine. Great advocate for natural law, as the
foundation of all law and morals. " Cette loi naturellc
gravee sur le cour." A great deal of pretty and ingenious
nonsense of the like kind. Pretending lo quote and confute
all writers, ancient and modern, who hold a contraiy doc
trine ; but not naming Bentham, though published at Paris.
The book is anonymous.
This morning, whUe I was shaving, came into my room a
tall, graceful, pretty woman, plainly but neatly dressed.
Asked if I could speak Swedish. No. German. No. Ital
ian. No. I then asked her if she could speak English.
No. French. No. So that it seemed that communication
by words was out of question. I made her, however, under
stand that I was going to the country, and would be glad to
see her again on Tuesday morning at the same hour, viz.,
seven o'clock. Who she is, or what the pretence of the
visit, I can form no conjecture.

232 PRIVATE JOURNAL
U. Mr. d'Aries waked me at five. Went with him and
his son, in their one-horse phaeton, to Drolingholm. Avery
beautiful ride ; cross four large bridges. At eleven went to.
visit the service at a country church, about 1^ mUes from
the palace. A neat, pretty, ancient building ; low, arched ;
several pictures ; a narrow alley through the middle, and
seats (pews) on each side. The women on the left and
men on the right ; about an equal number on each side ;
perhaps 150 of each sex. The organ playing when I came
in, and they were singing a psalm to the tune we call Old
Hundred. Sacrament day. All partook, going up about twen
ty at a lime, men and women promiscuously. The priest
and his clerk, or cure, administered. They all returned very
much affected ; the women in tears, and many sobbing ;
the psalm going on all the while. I stood in the aisle, no
one taking the least notice of me. The musa the principal
headdress of the women. Two very beautiful young wo
men, who were near me, in black ; the head h. la mode. Re
turned to D'Aries, and we went through the garden to see
the palace, he having engaged one of the keepers as cice
rone. Just as we entered the palace met Countess Bunge
and Comtesse Lovenkaupt, Baron Wrangle, Captain Der-
den et al. Went altogether into the first salle. While I was
examining a statue, the ladies and their party, with our
guide, went out, but whither we could not discover; and
after half an hour of fruitless search and inquiry we returned
lo the gardens, and lo that part called Canton ; thence home
to dinner at two. Mr. D'. exceedingly mortified and vexed
that our chaperon had thus left us in the lurch. He ex
pected several persons to dine, but not one of them came.
After dinner walked to see Madame de Castre and her
daughter. Both of very pleasant manners. The mother,
very ladylike. N6 Polonaise, Le Mari, formerly in the
orchestra of Gus. 111. ; both now enjoying pensions. M'lle.
pleine de talents. Paints in oil in a manner to have attracted
notice and admiration at the exhibition. At four Madame

OP AARON BURR, 233
de Castre came to take tea with us ; but Madame d'Aries
rather presumptuously told her we were engaged. She
went off, and we walked out lo Dr.  , Medecin du Roi
Gus. IV.; out; but an elderly lady permitted us to see his
pictures. Brought Madame de Castre to sup with us. Be
fore supper went to the lower; in ruins ; extensive and pic
turesque views. After supper saw madame and m'Ue, to
chez eux.
There are a few Russian prisoners yet here ; a small
hospital. The situation of the palace and disposition of the
grounds very beautiful. Profusion of statues, principal
bronze. Everything in decay. Two ladies on horseback.
One riding a I'Angloise, the other en cavalier, with scarlet
waist-jacket and white overaUs, a la Turc ou Perse ; very
wide ; a round hat with feathers. She had a very fine form,
and made an elegant appearance.
13. The coronation is postponed tUl the first week in July,
that it may be the more briUiant. Mr. de Castre had this
morning an interview with the king, who sent for him lo
solicit him to take part in an opera to be given on the oc
casion. Note. — The opera-house has been shut since the
majority of Gus. IV., and Madame de Castre been sixteen
years out of practice. It is not impossible, nor altogether
improbable, that we may have a Russian audience ; for
news was yesterday received that the Russian forces on this
side of the Gulf of Bothnia had advanced rapidly. Yet all
here is placid, though they are not more than ten or twelve
days' march from Stockholm, and neither fortifications nor
efficient army in the way.
Called on Madame Daily, who is stiU in town. She is
frightened to death about the Russians. The Russian sol
diers ! It is the universal opinion that, if they come, there
will be general plundering and other worse enormities. At
two dressed for dinner and went lo Hedborn's. All locked
fast ; not even a servant. Tried every door, and made a
great deal of noise to no effect. Strange ! Al length dis

234 PRIVATE JOURNAL
covered from a family on the next floor that Mr. H. and
family lived at some distance, where it is expected that I am
to dine. Went to hire a boat. Asked one rix-doUar, which
I refused to give. Came home al four, and look bread and
milk. At half past seven went to the concert, a la Bourse, where
I had engaged to meet Madame de Castre et m'lle. The
concert began at six, and was more than half done when I
came in. There was, I believe, more than one thousand
persons, among them the queen and the Princess Sophia.
Heard three pieces, in one of which " God save the king"
was introduced. The last piece was accompanied by the
voice of Madame de Castre, who has sung here for thirty
years. Her voice is yet well preserved and really fine. I
have great sensibility lo music, but no science. Every part
was executed extremely lo my satisfaction ; but what most
interested me was the perfect attention, and the uncommon
degree of feeling exhibited by the audience. I have no
where witnessed the like. Every countenance was affected
by those emotions to which the music was adapted. In
England you see no expression painted on the visage at a
concert. All is sombre and grim. They cry bravo ! bra-
vissimo, with the same countenance that they " G — d damn"
their servants and their>government. Acerbi is wrong in
asserting that les Swedoises have no sensibility to music.
The crowd was so great that I could not get sight of the De
Caslres ; but, passing their quarters just as they drove up to
the door, went in and sal a few moments. Was introduced
to Mr. de Castre, whom I had not before seen ; nor did I
suspect, till then informed, that il was he who sang, not
having seen him while singing. They engaged me to tea
on Friday, lo meet Baron — — , " Grand Seigneur et fort
riche, demeurant en scanie."
20. At eleven Madame and M'lle. de Castre went with
me lo see the palace. The Wackmyster attended us, and
we passed two hours in going through the rooms. Not so

OF AARON BURR. 235
extensive as the Chateau in Stockholm. I could pass four
hours a day there for a month, with pleasure, lo examine
the pictures and statues. Of the latter, however, not many.
Gave the Wackmyster who showed us the palace half a dollar
banco. Got home at half past nine, not at all fatigued.
Hosack came in at eleven, and we played chess till one.
No letters. Not a line from any human being, nor any olher
being since left London.
22. Out at one lo Calteau's, with whom sal an hour. He
is a native of Prussia, where his father viant- de mouier.
He is going lo Berlin in fifteen days, to take possession of
his litlle heritage, and thence lo Paris. Catteau says this is
not the country of the Goths, or Ostrogoths, or any Goths.
That they all came from Thrace, Asia, Caucasus, &c., and
had been, for centuries before the invasion of the Roman
Empire, coming into Germany. That the Swedish language
partakes most of the same origin. That there is no reason
lo believe that any Swedes went south, as far as Italy or
France, before the ninth or tenth century. That the appli
cation of the term Gotha and Ostrogotha lo certain parts of
Sweden is the error and stupidity of the geographers of the
Middle Age. That the Romans knew nothing of the Baltic.
That it is not mentioned by any of their writers, and that
they had no knowledge of Sweden, only that there was a
country hereabout which they called Scandinavia. That
Teutons or Teutonic is the true term of the origin of all the
northern nations of Europe, including Great Britain. That
the Gaelic (Welsh) is, however, of distinct and more remote
origin. 24. This is St. John's day, the greatest holyday in the
year ; formerly celebrated with great military and royal
pomp, i. e., before Gus. IV., who abhorred anything gay.
Il is celebrated throughout the country as May-day. Al ten
last evening the cannon were fired, and, at intervals, aU night.
At midnight, singing and prayers in all the churches.
The tea which I had foolishly taken kept me awake, and.

236 PRIVATE JOURNAL
being utterly indisposed for sleep, walked out al half past two
to see the sun rise, but the sky was clouded. At three the
streets were full of young people ; people, indeed, of aU ages
and sexes, bearing green boughs, flowers, liltle May-poles
very prettily ornamented. They had all some good-natured
wit at me. I retorted : neither comprehending a word, and
we all laughed. Home al four. Read the last two volumes
of Emilia de Varmont through in the course of the night and
morning. Soon after eight I went to bed and slept till near
eleven. Before I was dressed Hosack came in with  ,
a very amiable and well-informed young Swiss, lo make me
a visit. From one to two walked to see what was doing. Little
parties of both sexes everywhere. Singing, fiddling, dan
cing. May-poles. The day became fine. At two walked
with Hosack to Haga to dine with M. Invited to go with
him to his campagna, about sixty mUes, en famille. Professor
Arnt and ourselves. Dinner always good. Greatly pleased
with my -frankness in telling him that a bottle of vin was
bad. Refused to sup. Walked with Hosack lo see some
m'lles. Out.
28. Your (Theodosia) picture was opened and put up in
my parlour about ten days ago. It has been very greatly
admired, and given occasion to many inquiries. Thinking
it had got a liltle injured, I took it lo Breda's to ask his ad
vice. He has offered to clean il and put it in order. Il has
suffered no material injury. He says that, if a picture must
be rolled, you must roll it the paint outside. I had done the
contrary ; but he gives me good reasons for his advice. I
forget whether I told you that Breda is not only the first
painter in Sweden, but really one who would in any country
be called great.
Walked to see the church where the ceremony of coro
nation is to be performed. Not very spacious, but rich and
magnificent. Returning, met the herald going round the
city, and proclaiming at different places the coronation in-

OF AARON BURR, 237
tended to-morrow. He is attended by some troops of horse,
by trumpeters, &c., in splendid costumes.
To dinner a quarter past two, at the Merchants' Society.
Went at the hour. A very handsome and spacious estab
lishment, arranged with perfect convenience. The dinner
and wine very good. I prefer this house to that of the
nobles. Baron Armfelt (relation of the other Gen. Armfelt
heretofore mentioned) begged me to sit by him, and he
amused me much. Says he is seventy-two, very sprightly,
and been over every part of Europe.
30. After my tea last evening I began to reflect on the
foUy, and look twelve drops of laud., being more than I ever
before took at a dose, to balance the tea. Read till one, and
then laid down, but no sleep. At three (sunrise) the day was
ushered in by the firing of cannon. Gave up the business
of sleep, and got up and dressed at four ; breakfasted by six,
and called Hosack to aid me to get the paraphranalion for
the day, viz., hat and sword. Yesterday Baron Mancke
wrote me a note, enclosing tickets, and telling me how lo get
introduced. Went to his room at half past eight, where
took another breakfast of mutton-chop, wine, &c. At a quar
ter past nine he took me lo the room of the grand maitre de
ceremonie ; there another breakfast, chocolate, wine, cake,
&c., of which partook. At ten we went lo the church.
Had a very convenient seal. Got home from the church at
three. FROM DAVID WILLIAMSON. London, May 4, 1809.
On my return last night from Moffat I found yours of
the 25th of April, which much surprises me. I am sorry to
say that it is a mark of weak men and of a feeble govern
ment. Indeed, the measures of our administration for some
time past must have satisfied you how inadequate they are
for their situation ; al least, combined as they now are. You,
of all men, had the means of being useful to both countries,

238 PRIVATE JOURNAL
and certainly ministers had the opportunity of doing what
would have been creditable to them. Indeed, poor Charles*
always said, that unless it was Mr. Pill, Lord Melville, and
Mr. Canning, all the rest of the public men were quite im
penetrable as lo American affairs. It was latterly, only, that
they could be moved, or any how convinced that he was
right. What a loss to you, that link of intercourse has been
cut off, which, no doubt, Charles would have opened to you.
It would have opened up a confidence, the want of which
alone, I am persuaded, is the cause of the present leave. I
wish that they had permiited you to revisit the mountains of
Scotland. You surely could excite no alarm there. I hale
all those jealous, suspicious men. Suspicion is, but at best,
a coward's virtue. I shall inform the justice of what has
happened. If I learn anything I will acquaint you.
There was no enclosure in your letter, which, being men
tioned, I imagine you have omitted in your hurry.
I presume, from the present arrangement between Amer
ica and Great Britain, war will follow with France. I wish
it may ; and I wish that you were back again in America.
This, I am certain, you can hold forth, that all jealousy of
the inhabitants of this country is foolish. That there is no
thinking person here who wishes not to see commerce
flourishing, and under a more respectable government. *^
I shall be extremely glad to hear from you. Remember
always this, that your Northern friends will not forget you,
and they will be proud of showing their respect the more
you stand in need of it. David Williamson.
TO THEODOSIA. Gottenburg, May 5, 1809.
We had a pleasant passage of six days, and landed here
on the 3d. I shall hasten to Stockholm (about three hundred
English miles), where the diet is now sitting. The loss of
my baggage may detain me two or three days ; but, believing
* Colonel Charles Williamson.

OF AARON BURR. 239
it to be irretrievably lost, shaU not wait longer. My whole
Wardrobe is gone. Rather awkward for one without money
and without an acquaintance. Your picture, the litUe and
the big watch, are preserved, but about two hundred pages
of stuff, written for your amusement, is gone. The business,
however, of this postscript is lo say that, at the moment of
leaving London, a different arrangement was made about
White's affair. Instead of drawing on Mr. Alston, I have
assigned over the books to a person who has thereupon paid
White. As Mr. Alston had left the books four years with
out sending for them, I considered that he wanted money
more than books. I shall, at present, say nothing of this
place or country. Indeed, I feel as if nothing I may write
would ever reach you. Qua le dementia !
Pray show a little more sensibility to the attention of Jer
emy Bentham. Of seeds, search for beautiful or curious
rather than useful. If an opportunity should offer for any
port in Scotland, you may enclose lo Wm. Arbuthnot, Esq.,
Edinburgh. There is a constant intercourse between that
place and this. As Bentham will pass the summer in the
country, letters for me by way of England had better be to the
care of (if by private ships, under cover to) James Achaud,
Esq., London. If by packet, the N. R. may be used, as be
fore directed. If you should happen to have one or two hun
dred guineas lo remit, let it be to him (Achaud). A. Burr.
from THEODOSIA. Oaks (S. C), May 31, 1809.
I have just received your letters of 28th February. The
packet had been detained a very long lime. The most im
portant of your orders is, that 59 should be sent immedi
ately. Alas ! how bitterly do I regret that it is not in my
power to obey you. The conduct of your imagined friend
is infamous beyond expression. No man alive to one single
feeling of honour would have behaved thus. Now the em
bargo and non-intercourse acts are done away, and the re-

240 PRIVATE JOURNAL
animation of commerce has deprived him of the only apology
he could have offered, I shall write to him, and leU him much
more openly my opinion, and sign my name at full length.
But if this last effort should likewise fail, I know not what
we can do. I sometimes, often indeed, pass the night with
out closing my eyes, occupied in fruitless endeavours to sug
gest some mode of indemnifying you.
The unqualified severity with which you speak of my late
determinations distresses me inexpressibly. For the whole
world I would not displease you. But, recollect, I was
governed by circumstances and discretion. Pleasure was
least thought of. Surely, if you reflect coolly upon the situa
tion in which your letters found me, you cannot but approve
my conduct.
My health continues good, and I rejoice at it. Had I been
so ill that the advice of Dr. Leltsome would have been the
only means of preserving me, what would have been our
situation ? You did not expect this great failure in funds.
This only would have been an insuperable bar to my voyage
in any state of health ; but mine was so much improved
when Dr. L.'s advice arrived, that the first words my phy
sician uttered were, " I presume you will not go."
To have visited England, a country so full of everything
that can gratify, interest, and improve ; lo have seen and
conversed with the most distinguished literary characters of
the day ; to have been honoured by the attentions, perhaps
by the friendship, of Jeremy Bentham ; and, through all this
labyrinth of delight, to have been guided and blessed with
the presence of my guardian angel ! Could anything more
fascinating be imagined ? Yet, in existing circumstances, it
was necessary to forego these allurements. As to a farther
residence at New- York after the recovery of my health, what
was to be gained by il ? You absent, I felt deplacee. In
running away from duties, there is something cowardly
which I never could bear. Believe me, too, you do not yet
know the world. There are certain feelings with which

OP AARON BURR. 241
they never sympathize. I should have been of injury to you.
Here, if anywhere, I may be, of service to you. Here I
have leisure to improve myselfv
On one point you have converted me, and I will abide
your advice, not to render myself up a martyr be'Cause of
late misfortunes in the pecuniary way. Still, I would give
the world they did not exist, and I feel that they form strong
claims on me, and a claim which no reasoning can dissolve.
All I can add in writing is, that my judgment approves. If
yours does not, I can only bewail a destiny which places me
amid so many contending duties ; surrenders up my heart a
victim to such various feelings, and at length robs me of that
serenity which is deemed the infaUible reward of sacrificing
pleasure to what is right in our own estimation.
Your little list of maps, books, &c., enclosed lo E. A., has
]ust reached me. I have written to M. L. D. and to Loss
to procure what you desire, and to draw on me for the
amount. This shows you M.'s present disposition. The
manuscript papers relative lo X. can nowhere be found. I
imagined that you had taken them with you. I shall write
to E. W. L. for the papers left with him. But after empty
ing box number five (for of the others I have no key), and
carefully overlooking the papers left with me, nothing like
the one desired could be found. My iUness at the moment
of your departure was a most unfortunate event. The more
so, as I find that my memory is extremely defective in re
gard lo everything which occurred during the whole time
that I was ill. I have in mind a kind of imperfect memo
randum of many occurrences which I vainly endeavour to
recoUect. I can perceive the blank, but cannot fiU it up.
The translation of Jeremy Bentham's works was proposed
last winter in one of those moments of enthusiasm and ele
vation of spirits when nothing seems impossible. Yet that
he should accede to il was hardly expected. But since I
have known that he himself had thought of il, and that he
seriously sanctions it, I feel at once confused, confounded,
Voj-. I.— L

342 PRIVATE JOURNAL
flattered, and pleased. I feel a painful diffidence of myself,
I perceive innumerable faults in my style,- till now unob
served. One reflection only affords me comfort, and that is
the hope that he will be good enough lo correct or destroy
without ceremony. Perhaps in this respect I may be more
convenient to him than any other translator, for no one else
will be so little attached to their own composition or style.
No one so pleased that he should alter exactly to please him
self. Happy in my priesthood and in the honour of publish
ing the oracle, I will not presume to expostulate with the
deity I serve. I shall commence immediately, el je le prie
de veiUer la dessus.
When do you intend that I should receive the Journal ?
What a feast it will be for me. How sensible I am to your
goodness and attention in writing it ; and surely it is not loo
much to say that my pride is infinitely flattered. Your short
account of Edinburgh, Scott, and M'Kenzie, afforded me
much pleasure. Bulllong forthedetaUs. You will laugh at
my simplicity relating to the longs much more when you
know that il was suggested lo me that they must be hoUow ;
" for how is it possible that steel should be made so light ?"
But to this mystery, however inconceivable, I bowed with
true devotion, and, like a good believer, did not meddle with
doubts beyond the reach of my understanding.
I am glad the letter to Jeremy Bentham was approved.
The caricatures and pamphlets are not received here or
mentioned by my New- York correspondent. Madame
d'Auvergne has published a new work, which you s&all
receive likewise. Thank you for the pretty sentence, rela
tive to Mrs. Ogden. It shall be copied and sent to her
daughter,* who was truly my friend. Though ill, she pro
vided my sea-stores and sent her servant to see me off. Not
one of my numerous friends' troubled me thus much.  -
was negligent. Madame unkirid. Mrs. P. tired of atten
tions. In fact, on my first arrival, some eclat was gained
* Mrs. Joshua WaddingtorL " ,

OP AARON BURR. 243
by paying me attention. It was talked of; but when the
story became old, the stimulus exhausted, and I began to ex
cite less sympathy by gaining strength, my friends became
cool. Mrs.  had even the cruelty to tell me that I had
been so long ill and so long friendless, that I could not feel
as keenly as others would ; and, if I did, I should have remain
ed at home ; not moved about the world helpless and depend
ant on others. I had felt this ; she need not have said it.
But she is like all the rest of the world. They hke to dis
play hospitality without suffering inconvenience. They like
to have a character for sensibUity ; but why wait with tender
patience on a sick friend, when the desired character is so
easily obtained by pronouncing a few fine sentences in a
drawing-room arm-chair ? Il is pleasant to have the reputa
tion of being capable of strong attachment ; but it is most
pleasant when our friend is neither so situated that we may
be disinterested without making a sacrifice, nor when she
remains in her chamber and enables us, undisturbed, lo pe
rorate on friendship and congeniality till we gain the undi
vided, attention of the company. To you only be it said,
but I found men invariably more indulgent, more attentive,
more constant in their attentions than women. Probably
because they did not see so much of me. Frederic's devo
tion is unequalled. Mrs. B. Moore, kind. I might have had
a little court of gentlemen ; but this sort of admiration, which
is excited by trifles, is not worlh the price that must be paid
for it. The good-will of my own sex is preferable, and a
certain reserve respectable. I therefore received few male
visiters, and did not encourage them to return often. June 5, 1809.
After some serious debate I have doomed you to pay for
another sheet. Dr. I. was your old friend. Dr. Peter Irving,
who promised to deliver my letter in person. A. B. R. has
been married some time, and is settled at Troy. He writes
to me sometimes ; but he behaved like a brother to me at
New- York, L2

244 PRIVATE JOURNAL
JDo tell me, is Miss Owenson pretty ? I cannot tell why,
but I have taken it in my head that she resembles ugly Pat
terson, who used lo live with us. Has she ever had a lover ?
I hope she has ; such an " all impassioned, sensitive, thrill
ing creature" should never be without one. She reaUy pos
sesses imagination and genius, with all her faults.
The boy advances rapidly. Of the tutor I have before
spoken. He will do for a year longer, but by no means af
terward. He is incapable of attending to the moral part of
education, its most important branch. This I do, but a tu
tor should be capable of seconding me. Endeavour ^to find
me a better, if it can be done without injury to yourself.
Prenez garde, je vous en prie. Remember, too, he must
be a Frenchman, and if he understood Spanish perfectly
il would be an infinite advantage. A Spaniard, however,
would not do, because they pronounce French worse than
any Europeans save the Italians. In fact, none but a
Frenchman can do justice to the delicate inflexions of that
language. I have written the draught of a letter to Mad. M. It does
not quite please yet. You shall have an exact copy of that
which is sent. For my soul I cannot bring myself to say a
civil thing, even the good I really think of her, because I
need her assistance, and might incur an imputation of flat-
jery. It is not yet time lo send it. The tide has turned, but
not strong as it will be.
In paying attenlions to your friends, do hot forget John
Swartwout. His noble, steady warmth demands, or rather
merits, every possible return from you. I believe I wrote
you an account of ihe late appointments. T. Sumter will
set off immediately lo the Northward, thence to go to Rio
Janeiro. He contemplates a very long absence, for all his
property is advertised. I hope to see Natalie before their
departure. The absolute neglect with which Mari has been treated
by the government, amid the attentions which have been

OP AARON BURR. 245
paid to others much inferior, has been felt pretty severely.
It may be attributed to the old cause ; and, in fact, what other
can be assigned ? I feel this as a new and strong claim on
me. I beseech of you be more careful in writing with ci
phers. Again I have been tantalized with something about
X. Pray, pray do not let this happen again. Where did
you meet with any of my grandmother's connexions? I
have informed all our friends of your attentions to them.
Theodosia.
JOURNAL.
Stockholm, July 5, 1809. As I was writing you last night,
I stopped to hunt for the plays I had read, that I might give
them their titles. Il happened that the first thing I laid
hands on was " Les Mines de Pologne, melodrame en prose,
par Guilbert Pixerecourt,'' which I had not before read. It
is very long. One paragraph led to another. ^ I read it
through. It was then two o'clock this morning. Being too
late to write, went to bed. This melodrame would make a
splendid and interesting pantomime. The incidents and scen
ery extremely well imagined for stage effect.
La Vie de Chev ! Faublas, 8 vols., duodecimo ; a nou-
velle. Well written, rather free, and in the manner of Cre-
billon fils. Read only the last volume. The denouement
is a very incongruous medley, and to me shocking and dis-^
gusting. " Choir Gaure," the Grand Orrery of the Ancient
Druids, commonly caUed Stonehenge, by Dr. John Smith,
1771, an extremely ingenious work. These last are now
mentioned, though read some days ago.
At five went on board a Prussian ship just about to sail
for PiUau. Have a great mind to go in her. Was rowed
by two boys, one a Swede about fifteen, perfectly beautiful,
gay, frank, animated ; is a sailor at six rix-doUars per month.
Speaks English. Strong affection for his mother, with a
laudable pride and ambition. Al seven walked down to
Wennerquist's, having understood that his weekly parlies

246 PRIVATE JOURNAL
are altered from Sunday lo Wednesday. Found there three
or four gentlemen silling with him in the bower, drinking
toddy. Hosack came in. At about sunset (nine o'clock)
they went off one after another, except H. and myself. We
rose to go. Wennerquisl said he could give us no supper,
his housekeeper being' in town; but offered to go and sup
with us at a tavern, which we dechned. Note — He has lived
several years in England. Home by a most beautiful path
through the woods and along the lake.
10. Went to Wennerquist's to get some English book lo
read. Found him in his contoir very busy. Asked lo see
his library. He said the key was up stairs, and begged me
to appoint another day. How ridiculous and rude. At six
to Calberg. All out, 'Tis court day, which I did not know.
Left card, and also one for Gen, Compte Cronstedt, who
has rooms with his brother. Went lo Dr, Gahn's-y-lhe
famUy and M'Ue,  , niece of the old gentleman, who has
written on Finance, Sangaree and cakes, and after an ex
cellent supper; the first ^reewpease I have seen. Engaged
his youngest son, who is a student at law, to call on me on
Wednesday, to inform me about judicial proceedings. We
always sup without candles. The daylight is so perfect at
ten that candles would be ridiculous. Went to the mint at
twelve, Mr, H,, the director, said he had been expecting me
since ten (which, indeed, was the hour appointed), and could
then pass but a few minutes with me. Invited me lo come
on Friday morning, when he said the whole would be in
operation. Saw a common labourer melting gold ; several
pounds weight of it ; no one to overlook him ; all the doors
open, 1 1 . Went to Poppici's. Had a long and interesting con
versation with Mr. P, on law subjects. You wiU be charmed
to hear the result of my inquiries on this head. Only to
think of a people, the most honest and peaceable in the world,
and not a lawyer ! No such animal, according to English
ideas of a lawyer, in Sweden ! But again and again I remind

OF AARON BURR, 241'
you that this journal is only a memorandum to talk from.
The most interesting and amusing incidents are not noted at
all, because I am sure to remember them, Mr, P, urged
me to stay to supper, which I declined, though hungry.
Vraimenl, I was afraid to gfiner them, and I mean to see
Mr, P, very often on law subjects, and madame on olher
subjects. She is very pretty, speaks French fluently, and
sings charmingly. Read an hour in Calteau's Sweden, to
refresh my memory about the civil administration, so that I
may question all my acquaintance,
12, To Breda's, where passed an hour looking at your
picture, I was exceedingly struck and alarmed to see it
pale and faded. Why was not this perceived before ? Per
haps it may arise from being placed among his portraits,
which are very high coloured. Yet the impression that it
is faded is fixed on my mind, and has almost made me
superstitious. 13. To the mint, by appointment,wilh the director Hjelm,
who very civilly took me through and showed me everything.
Nothing very curious, unless the free manner in which com
mon labourers and workmen handle gold and silver in great
quantities ; and yet no fraud has been known. To-morrow
I am lo have coronation medals. Paid 24 sch. for the laws
of Sweden. Read for several days past Les (Euvres Pos-
thum. de Marmontel, 4 vols. His style is always beautiful,
and the subjects are treated in a manner new and interesting.
18. Yesterday I found tea that appeared lo be good.
Bought half a pound, and treated myself to a dish by way
of supper. Took two cups moderately strong. Finding
that I should not sleep, I did not go to bed. Passed the
night in reading French plays and arranging my notes on
Swedish jurisprudence, I can't bear even the smell of lea,
though nothing more grateful. But the bare scent would, I
believe, keep me awake. Despairing of letters, I wiU wait
no longer, but be off. You would never guess whither, nor
why. In December, however, I shall be on your continent.

248 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Read " CamUle, ou le Souterrain, par Marselher, 1791."
A jealous husband, without any reasonable cause, confines
CamiUe, a very lovely and virtuous woman, a whole year in a
deep vault, lying on the ground, subsisting on a scanty por
tion of coarse bread and water. He is suspected of having
killed her ; and, being seized by the order of the king, the
story comes out, CamiUe is too happy that her honour is
justified, and she restored to her dear husband. They em
brace, and all is made up. Not even an apology on his part.
Is it possible that a Parisian audience in 1791 could relish
such a tale ? In the first scene there is something like wit
and humour ; afterward a series of improbabilities and ab
surdities, 21, Read last evening three more French plays. The
best is one which the author announces in his title-page had
been hissed. Very sUly, unmeaning trash. Neither wit
nor incident to amuse or interest. Will read no more of
them, A note from Madame B,, postponing her party tUl
to-morrow evening, which don't suit me at all, having
promised myself to sup with the Helvigs al Drottingholm,
Quoi faire ? Read " Histoire de I'Eghse du Japan, par le
R. P, Crassett, de la Compagnie de Jesus, Paris, 1715,"
The miracles, as the compUer, a learned priest, says, are
as well attested as any of those in the New Testament !
The Emperor of Japan did very right lo hang them all, ac
cording to their own report. They were bold, daring ras
cals, and performed wonders, if not miracles. Also, " Essai
sur la Megalanthropogenesie, par Robert le jeune des bas
ses Alpes, 1801. Dedie a I'lnstitute National de France,"
showing how talents of every sort may be perpetuated by
being transmitted from generation to generation ; curious and
learned. " La Guerre d'Espagne de Bavarie et de Flandre,
ou Memoirs du Marquis D***, 1707." A medley of love,
politics, and war, tolerably well written and worth perusal,
i. e., the historical and military part.
23. To Breda's, where we talked a great deal of Theo-
3

OP AARON BURR. 249
dosia. " Good God," says he, " pardon the freedom ; but
can any man on earth be worthy of that woman ? I know
how lo estimate her. Such a union of delicacy, dignity,
sweetness, and genius I never saw. Is she happy ?" He
almost shed tears. To Count de la Gardie, who received
me very courteously. Yesterday the valet de Helvig left
word that her carriage would call for me at eleven to-day.
Not being very certain that I understood the Swedish ser
vant of Madame d'Helvig, went to the town-house, where
saw the servant, who repealed that he would call at eleven.
At eleven he did call ; took me to  , where, to my
astonishment, saw Madame  , I'amie d'HelVig. "Do
you live here, madame ?" " No ; but my husband does."
We went, all three, and arrived at one. Most friendly re
ception. No company but the family and us. Tant mieux.
After dinner I walked to my lodgings at D'Aries, about one
mile English. The family of D'H. agreed to meet me at
sis au Jardin du Roi. Madame  is at my lodgings,
and she insists that I lodge, elsewhere. So a room was
provided for me in the neighbourhood. Met Madame d'Hel
vig and walked two hours. Ret. to supper. Off al ten.
Bien content with my new quarters. The old man cleaned
his pipe and lent it to me.
24. At ten to De Castre's. Only m'lle. at home. Pur
sued Madame de Castre to the mineral bath, but missed the
way and wandered for two hours in the labyrinth. To the
warm bath, a large establishment, to engage bath at one.
To D'H. Madame and m'lle. sitting on the grass ; ma belle
Mary Ann becoming daily more interesting. Stayed an hour.
Refused strawberries and cream. To the bath at one, but
faUed from misunderstanding with the young lady, and would
not wait. Home for an hour, and then lo De C.'s lo dine.
Dined in the arbour in the garden.
25. To the Comtesse^urore de GyUanstolpe. You will
think this a hard name for a beautiful woman. Hie Gear de
Finspeng, where is a sister said to be more beautiful than
L3

250 PRIVATE JOURNAL
herself. Thither I am invited. To-day a Russian messen
ger arrived. The preliminaries, before Russia wUl even
treat, are, 1 . That the Prince of  , the emperor's brother-
in-law, be declared successor to the throne. 2. The cession
of Finland, 3. That the ports be shut against Great Britain,
I have never spoken to you of politics, because I have per
sonally no hand in them, which will be reason enough for
you, and for twenty olher good reasons. We have every
few days news of the advance of the Russian army towards
us ; then contradicted. Victories and defeats equally false,
Bonaparte one day vanquished, the next victor ; sometimes
wounded or killed. Here are French parlies and English
parties. The former predominate, but nothing of our vio
lence. The troops in town (here) are all embarking on some
expedition ; supposed (indeed known) to aid the army on the
Gulf of Bothnia. There was a mutiny. Officers knocked
down, &c.
26. Au chateau, to see Baron Engerstrom. He was en
gaged, but gave me rendezvous at seven this evening. To
Engerstrom's al seven. He never keeps me wailing a min
ute. Sat half an hour. Mentioned my design of visiting
Germany, &c., and he begged that, when my route should
be settled, I would inform him, that he might give me letters.
At eight lo Helvig's, where sat an hour lete-^-tele in his li
brary. Amused by his mihtary science, and interested by
his warmth and frankness. He is a German by birlh. Gave
me samples of powder which, he says, has more than double
the usual force. That a pistol of fifteen inch barrel will do
effect at 200 yards, and a musket at 600 ! Samples of
floute, a composition. Showed me a sort of paper machi
for cannon cartridges, much cheaper and better than linen or
cloth. A telescope for measuring distances by time, in form
of a watch, give with perfect accuracy .the 60th part of a
second. Every artillery officer is obliged to have one. The
cost fifteen dollars. Moulds by which every part of the
musket or pistol must be made, so that every part may fit

OF AARON BURR. 251
every piece. Note. — The ladies are at Drottingholm. Lou
isa not arrived. Home at nine. Found on my table the
Latin edition of the Swedish laws, which for weeks I had
been seeking in vain. It came from the Baron d'Albedy'hU
(whom I have never seen), accompanied by a very hon^te
note in French. Sat down most greedily to devour Suensha
law. Read tiU one, and now bon soir. There is a ball to
night at the Pashe; but I went not, for two reasons (which
you may divine), though much urged.
27. Before breakfast lo Bergstrom's, whom I found. His
uncle is a celebrated advocate, whose acquaintance I wish lo
aid my legal researches. Replied very honetely lo the Baron
d'Albedy'hll's note. To Hedborn's, whom I found. Got
my six ducats, which are now worlh four dollars rix each.
He offered me many civUities. Home to study law. No ;
I came by Ulrick's, the bookseUer, lo gel a book written
by the Baron d'Albedy'hU, which got. Read a book before
you see the author. Sal half an hour with M'lle. Ulrick.
She is beautiful, very beautiful ; about fifteen, nearly your size
and form. Speaks German and French fluently. Her elder
sister keeps a bookstore at Nykooping or Nookyping, I for
get which. Dit, that she is also beautiful. Knows aU lan
guages, ancient and modern, &c.
Home at two. Read the baron's book. Only about fifty
pages, extremely weU written in French. The rest of the
volume is made up of documents and public letters. The
subject is a history of the armed neutrality, the whole merit
of which has been given to Catharine of Russia. No such
thing. It originated in a treaty made between Denmark and
Sweden in 1756. Renewed between them in 1779. Cath
arine, during all that year, and tiU July, 1780, refused to
come into il, fearing the effect on the belligerant powers.
At length, in that month, by the influence of Count Panin,
her minister, she acceded.
At five 'to Judge Poppici's, whom, fortunately, I foimd
smoking in his office. He would transfer me over to his

252 PRIVATE JOURNAL
beautiful wife tiU he made his toilet ; but I sat down and
took a pipe, and had an hour's very satisfactory conversation
with him. At eight to H.'s to see for Louisa. Out. Not
even a servant. Home, and sat down to read law. I do not
report lo you my Swedish law. That has a separate depart
ment, and many curious things wUl be found in it. Met
Mrs. Daily in the street this morning.
28. To the watchmaker's. He has put in both the glasses
that were broken, and mended the hinge of the case which
was not broken by accident, but actually worn out. Every
thing wears out. You will wear out. No, alas ! you perish
joyless in those infernal swamps. I wear out slowly.
Really slowly, as you see. But, for all this watchwork, you
wUl be surprised to hear that I paid only one rix-dollar, nomi
nally three shiUings sterling, but, in fact, only two shillings
and sixpence.
31. Finished reading the work of Baron d'Albedy'hU, that
is, the only volume I can get. He writes well. Something
diffuse and declamatory. Much pohtical information con
cerning the periods he was employed. Says he now lives
on a pension of two hundred rix-dollars ; reduced by reduc
tion lo one hundred and fifty. How the devil can a man
live on that ?- Living with the utmost economy, I have spent
more in three months. I am in Sweden ; J^ut here is a
French chevalier who lives on forty-eight dollars per annum,
and is always gay. I must take some lessons from him.
Went with a pistol lo D'H., which wants repair. He repeats
to me the wonderful force of his firearms. Pistols the same
length of barrel as mine ; eighty yards, point blank. Musket,
two hundred and fifty lo three hundred yards, point blank.
I am almost incredulous, though he is scientific and exact.
We are to make experiments some day next week. He
showed me, at Drottingholm, a very curious air pistol of '
great force. We tried it.

OF AARON BURR, 253

TO MRS, D HELVIG, Stockholm, July 17, 1809.
Mrs, Helvig's obliging note was received at one o'clock
P. M. this day. Her litlle valet inquired for D'Aries ; the
servant who received the note supposed it to be for D'Aries,
and laid it on his table. D'Aries was out of town. On his
return to-day the mistake was discovered.
Mr. Burr was at the bath yesterday at twelve, the rain
notwithstanding. His inquiries excited a deal of commo
tion among the inhabitants of Djurgards Brunn. All the
world was out to see Madame H. and m'Ue., impatient tiU
the summons lo dinner put an end to their expectations and
consoled them for the disappointment. Mr. Burr, however,
did not partake of this consolation. He returned to town.
He congratulates the ladies on the prospect of fine weather
for their Drottingholm expedition, and offers salutations and
respectful compliments.
Stockholm, August 2, 1809. It was necessary to be up
at seven to give the Russian messenger a letter for Count
Romanzoff. At eight to Luderl's, who introduced me lo
the Russian messenger ; a Swedish officer always present.
Home, expecting Hosack, who ought to write by this mes
senger a letter on which his very existence depends. Have
been urging him a fortnight. It could be done in fifteen
minutes, but will not be done al all. At one came in the
Russian messenger with his escort, Sal half an hour. He
has gone without Hosack's letter. Nine o'clock, and the let
ters from D'Engerstrom, for me to his friends in Gripsholm,
have not come, and I cannot go without them. Baron
d'Albedy'hU sent his servant with his letter, and minute di
rections for me how to find the house. This is doing things
right. The yacht for Gripsholm sails at four P. M. to
morrow. I shall write you on the water. Bon soir. Curse
those South Carolina swamps.

254 PRIVATE JOURNAL
3. We parted last evening at ten, leaving me fuU of
trouble. I sat up till near one, packing, &c., and was caUed
at four, expecting to embark immediately. Went to the
dock. Not ready. Sent to D'Helvig's for a rifle, and got it ;
running every half hour to the boat tiU eleven, when we
actually embarked and attempted to go, but find we are
aground. Finally we are off. .Our vessel is an open barge.
We are on board, including the hands, twenty-two, viz., four
women and eighteen men. Wind ahead. By force of oars
got to Petersburgh. The men being fatigued, stayed two
hours. This place (Petersburgh) is a sort of town, and the
resort of parlies in summer. Perfectly wUd and pictur
esque. I played chess all the way. Continued rowing tUl
twelve al night, and did not reach the next station. Obliged
to lay lo, where there was no house. Stowed all away in
our barge to sleep, sub dio. Suspicion that we have missed
the way.
I forgot to tell you that at six P. M. yesterday went with
the young Breda (who has certainly great talents as a painter)
to the academy. There is every year at this season an ex
hibition. There were 242 pieces exhibited this year.
4. It was, indeed, a strange night. Fortunately it did not
rain, though very cool, and such a dew that we were all wet.
It is this morning discovered that we in fact look a wrong
channel last evening. Had lo turn about and row back three
miles. At seven reached the station called Buckholm,
where we ought lo have slept last night, twenty-seven mUes
from Stockholm. Chess the forenoon. View of Castle
Gripsholm, about four mUes off. Arrived al five and got a
room. Transmitted Baron Engerstrom's letter to Colonel
Bergenslrala, and Dr. Gahn's to his sister, Madame HaUi-
gren, with a card of address to each. Sent a card also to
Baron Van Offer, the governor of the castle. A pretty neat
town of about 120 houses ; all log, and painted red and cov
ered with tile. Some al eight. ExceUent fish, potatoes,
pease, and good butler for supper.

OF AARON BURR, 255
5, The soldier whom I had engaged to clean our boots
waked us punctually at five, as ordered. At half past five
Col, Bergenslrala left word that he would call at eight.
Good breakfast. At eight the colonel came, A man of
pleasant manners, speaking French perfectly well. Sat
half an hour, WiU give us notice of the hour to visit the
castle. Walked through the town. Every house of squared
logs; all, except one, painted red. Ruins of the ancient
church. Date not known. Grandeur of the castle. Four
towers of unequal diameter and height. At one the colonel
called again to say, that at half past five he would send a
sergeant to conduct us lo the castle. At the appointed hour
the sergeant came. Went to the colonel's quarters, a wing
in the castle, and thence through it. The number of pic
tures is endless, Dit one thousand, particularly portraits.
The prison of John and Eric, The theatre. The young
prince came into the room where we were. Having seen
him at Haga, saluted him, and was about to converse ; but
told it was against the rules. The walls are twenty feet
thick. Stairs, a great number, cut in them. The command
ant joined us, offered tea, which accepted. Home at eight,
Madame Halligren not arrived, which I regret. Had counted
on her to do the honours of the town for us. She has the
best house in 'the place, and has three fine daughters. Is a
sister of Professor Gahn,
6, Got breakfast. Paid our biU, At nine walked off to
Quartinge, six mUes, the residence of Count Wrangle, and
of the Baron Alberdy'hll, Stopped al a farmhouse near the
count's, and sent a boy with the letter of Baron A,, and a
note addressed to the baron, saying I would call apres midi.
Received a note in reply, requesting us to come immediately
and take dinner. La comtesse a very pleasing, intelligent,
well-behaved woman ; four beautiful children, Le Compte
de Ruth showed us the forge and works, the gardens and
park, which are very extensive, and laid out with much taste.
Canals, bridges, hot-houses, green-houses, &c. Cherries

256 PRIVATE JOURNAL
in profusion. Tea, sangaree, melons. Came off with the
ladies at eight. Got out at the parting of the roads, two
mUes from town, and walked lo our lodgings. M'lle. de
Rosin is one of the most lovely blondes I ever saw. About
one inch taller than you. In form much like. Sprightly in
conversation. Home at ten.
7. At nine to Col. Bergenslrala. A sergeant came in to
desire that we might be sent out of the fort. The colonel
went out to explain. In five minutes the sergeant came in
to demand our names and business. Seeing so much em
barrassment, made our visit short. At four Captain Phren-
hoff came and invited us to visit the castle again, and prom
ised us a sight of the royal family. (Gus. IV.) Went with
him. Could pass a month in looking al the paintings. The
picture of Gus. Vasa and M'lle. Brape, his first love, in one
picture. (M. la Comtesse Wrangle is a direct descendant
of this  Brape, and has the beautiful emerald which
Gustavus Vasa gave M'Ue. Brape.) Tea in the grand sa
loon. The colonel took us to his room to have a better
view of the royal famUy walking in the garden. Had, in
deed, a very good view. The queen plainly dressed. Straw
hat, with sUk shawl. The king in black.
8. At ten I walked off to Everlinge. Arrived at twelve,
raining hard. _ Dinner at two. Music la Comtesse W., a
most charming voice, and plays in a superior style. Mr.
G. was lo send me a cabriolet at six to take me to Aker,
where he is lo have our baggage. The cabriolet did not
come, so set off on fool. (The distance is twelve miles.)
The ladies remain. Set off on foot al six. Arrived at the
tavern at a quarter past nine, where found Mr. G. The
cabriolet was sent for me, and had passed me on the road ;
both ignorant.
9. At nine we set off on our route, and proceeded to
Stringness, sixteen mUes. Roads beautiful. Generally rich
crops on each side. Harvest commenced. Pass two large
churches, but no village. The huge church at Stringness is

OF AARON BURR. 257
seen over the plain five miles off. A few small hills. Much
stone wall or fence. Arrive al one. Stringness beautifully
situated on a lake. Dine at two on fish, roasted mutton, and
beans, which you will think a very good dinner, and it sounds
well ; but the fish were cold, having been fried yesterday.
The mutton (a fore quarter) was mere skin and bones. I
tried in vain to get a single mouthful of meat. But a dish
of raspberries and cream, and excellent bread of four kinds,
and good butter, atoned. Went along the shore to find a
passage by water to Wesleros, whither we wished to go.
A boat going to a town near W., and the only one for that
quarter, had been detained by Baron Armfelt, lo whom you
may recollect I was introduced by letter from Baron Brink-
man, the Swedish minister at London. At four Baron Arm-
fell arrived. ,We met on the wharf. I told him our em
barrassment. Though the boat would with convenience
have held ten, and he had only one servant and a woman, he
not only did not offer us a passage, but shoved off rudely.
His carriage went on empty to Westeros. After dinner
went to see the Cathedral. The oldest date which I found
in il is 1565, though it is undoubtedly much older. The
organ large and handsome. The monuments numerous.
Some of the inscriptions very long. Among the most curi
ous of the monuments are one of  , over which is sus
pended his armour, a complete suit, from which it would
appear that he was about five feet four inches high. The
like of a Polish prince. Also of Isabella, infant daughter of
John III., born and died in the prison of Gripsholm. In
the cabinet was a pair of slippers of a bishop, from which
Queen  had cut off the soles, to carry lo Rome as a
holy relic.
Passed two hours in the church. Strolled over the town.
All log houses (except that of the bishop), and all painted
red. Generally covered with turf, whereon the grass grows
luxuriously. Determined to give up going to Wesleros,
and go directly to Upsala. Ordered horse and cabriolet.

258 PRIVATE JOURNAL
At six passed over in a ferryboat to  . The road across
the island smooth, and winding through woods and rocky
hills. Al half past eight arrived al the ferry on the opposite
side, being eleven or twelve mUes. The passage here is
three mUes. Went in a small skiff; not more than half an
hour crossing. The ferryhouse, a liltle hut of two rooms,
three wooden chairs, no bed, or couch, or blanket. Nothing
to eat but the hard black bread, nor to drink but water.
No horse to be had within four miles. The peasant went
off very cheerfully lo get us a horse. There being no can
dle in the hut, we could neither read nor play chess.
10. Al two the horse came. I had slept an hour in my
woodqn chair. Poor Gamp, finds it a hard life. At a quar
ter past two set off. A thick fog and mist, and chUly.
The road good and level. Generally finely cultivated on
each side. Pass a large church. I think two of them, but
no village. Were often near enough lo the lake to have
seen it, had the fog permitted. Arrive at Jukoping al four.
Found horses waiting. Ordered one without going into the
house, though I tried the door and found it was not locked.
Walked through the town, the cabriolet following. A
scurvy httle place. All loghouses, red, and turf covered.
A sort of morass in the middle, or, rather, near the south end.
Al half past six arrive at breakfasling-place, twelve miles
on the main road from Gottenburg to Stockholm. Coffee,
bread and butter, eggs, and salmon. Here we leave the
Stockholm road and turn north to Upsala. The castle and
steeples of Upsala are seen about four mUes off. Arrive at
twelve and put up al the posthouse, having no direction to
any inn here. Ordered dinner at three. Ham, eels, pease ;
all very good, and had a bottle of excellent Rhenish wine.
At four sent out my letters to the professors, Turnberg, the
celebrated traveller to Japan, lo Afzelius, chymist, and lo
others. All these letters from Baron Engerstrom. Learned
by return of the servant that all are in the country except
Afzelius, who came immediately, and appointed nine to-mor-

OF AARON BURR. 259
row morning to conduct me lo the library, &c. A man of
forty-eight, frank, pleasing manners. Speaking French and
English well, having been educated at Edinburgh. Well
informed in the geography and politics of the United States,
and, of course, knowing something of us. He says we have
got into the very worst inn in town. After he went out G,
andl walked through the town, which is handsome. Good
stone houses ; a beautiful lively stream through the middle,
which forms a port for large sloops just below the town.
Two bridges and a ferry. Seventy houses building. About
one fourth of the town lately burned. Walked over the
ruins. Went lo inquire for _a sloop going to Stockholm.
Found a small, dirty one, lo sail on Saturday. ,
1 1 . Had a good, neat bed last night. Afzelius called just
before nine, whUe I was at breakfast. Coffee, bread and
butler ; all good. The coffee is everywhere good. At half
past nine lo the University. Touched and kissed two pieces
of the holy cross. They must have been genuine, for they
were sent by the pope. The clothes worn by H. when
he was stabbed by Eric. Christianus's shift and petticoat.
The Testament an. 400. Thence lo the Cathedral. It was
true, I now recollect that is the wardrobe. Afzelius, being
engaged, put us in charge of Mons. Tumor, also speaking
English, under-librarian, a most civil man, and an excellent
ciceroni. Thence to the Botanic Garden, which is also, on
Sundays, a public walk. Turnberg ordered the gardener
lo show us the Cabinet of Natural History. Immense col
lection made by Turnberg.
Having understood that the illness of Turnberg was only
a lame hand, I determined to see a man whose works I had
read with pleasure. Sent him word by the gardener that I
would call on him to-morrow morning al any hour he would
name. Received for answer that he would be visible from
eight lo ten ; but added that he was very ill, and intimated a
sort of reluctance. Home al one. Dinner fiUibouka. They
add here to this luxury a liltle powdered ginger, of which

260 PRIVATE JOURNAL
you take what suits your palate. I like the addition. Wrote
Hosack by mail to send my letters here, to the care of Af
zelius. At three Mr. A. called lo walk with me. Went
over the city. Went lo all the taverns to inquire for Capt.
Clauson, who was by birlh a count, but renounced all the
privileges of nobility from patriotism. Mr. Tjerta has done
the same. They would, perhaps, have done better lo have
retained their seats in the Chamber des Nobles, and have
used their influence to diminish the privUeges of that body.
Gramlion is going off this evening, which I regret. With
out an interpreter, I shall have a hundred ridiculous misin-
telligences. 12. Walked to the fountain, and drank the cool, pure wa
ter. There is no better in the world. To Turnberg's, two
mUes from town, on the plain. A full view of the town. He
met me at the door. I was shown through a hall, and two
upper, very neatly-furnished rooms, into a parlour having a
view of the town. In two minutes we were at ease, and he
invited me up stairs lo see his cabinet. Il consists of a very
complete collection of insects, and a great number of curiosi
ties from Japan, Java, and the Cape of Good Hope. I
stayed tUl twelve. He made me twenty apologies for not
having called on me, and proposed to come to town this af
ternoon lo show me the larger cabinet and collections which
he has there. Returned.
Afzelius called just as I got home. He proposes to send
a young relation of his name, with a carriage, to lake me out
to Gamla Upsala this afternoon, lo see the ancient temple of
Thorr and the Tumuli. I appointed him to call for me at
six ; the Bol. Garden. At half past three went to the gar
dens. Turnberg arrived at the same moment. We passed
three hours in examining the ten thousand things which are
here, and I should have stayed lUl dark had not young Af
zelius called at six, as appointed. At seven came off with
him. Turnberg seemed wUling to have prolonged my stay.
It requires a month lo examine these coUections with satis-

OF AARON BURR. 261
faction. My head is stUl giddy with the number and variety.
It would take more time and paper than I can now afford
to enumerate the most striking.
Turnberg lent me the Enghsh edition of his travels, four
vols, octavo. ' I wish to peruse them again, that I may ques
tion him about Japan, a country which has always excited
my curiosity. At seven went with young Afzelius in his
gig lo Gamla Upsala, three and a half miles. The temple
is old, but not so old as is said. There may, indeed, be
some of the stones of Thorr, but undoubtedly rebuilt within
the last five hundred years. Il is a rude structure of great
rough stones. Tumuli exceedingly resemble those which
you have seen in the Western country, particularly the one
at Cincinnati. One has been opened, and found to contain
human bones. Returned through the viUage, and got home
at nine, much pleased with my young companion, who speaks
very tolerable English. Has a beautiful wife and two chil
dren ; an advocate by profession.
13. To Afzelius al eight, lo get from him a line of intro
duction lo some one of the family at Sofsla. Found the pro
fessor, and he readily agreed. Walked to the landing. There
were five sloops, the best of them going to Stockholm on
Tuesday. At ten, Mr. Afzelius, with a letter lo Madame
Clauson, niece of Comtesse de Passe. He assisted me to
engage a cabriolet (a cart), for they are destitute of springs.
Went to work again reading Turnberg, and by three had
read four hundred pages, including one hour last evening.
Dressed for Liffter. At four set off, and arrived at five ;
being six miles. All the way through this beautiful plain
covered with crops as heavy as in England ; interspersed
with little fantastical hills or mounds, covered with rocks,
and sometimes with trees, gardens, and houses. In the level
of the plain scarce a house. The borders lined with pretty,
neat farmhouses. The captain had, somehow, notice of
my approach. He met me al the door, and received me
like a man of the world. He has travelled much. Knew

262 PRIVATE JOURNAL
H. Gahn in Spain. Has a frank, open, decided manner,
something like Moreau. There was m'lle., her mother, her
belle soeur, and eight or ten others.
Tea was going round, declined ; but of the fruit, sirop,
and rusk, partook. Was coming off after lea, but the cap
tain urged so politely my stay to supper, that I consented
in case my bostel could be retained, which the captain un
dertook. Every person spake French. Supper served at
nine. The ham was the best I have tasted in Sweden. No
wine. Several courses, and all very good. The four children
sat at table ; a general custom, and one I like much. The
youngest son, three years old, pleased me most. Left them
at ten, and got home in half an hour. I found that the cap
tain had pacified my bostel by a good supper for himself
and horse, and plenty of brandy vin, which no bostel declines.
One would have thought that the horse had drunk the brandy,
he came at such a furious rale. La comtesse is a very
pleasing, sensible woman. Her mother the handsomest
woman of her age I ever saw. One of the young ladies,
whose name I have lost, very pretty.
14. Went to the fountain, of which I drank copiously, and
brought home a decanter full. I generally meet some young
folks at the fountain at this hour (4), and act a litlle panto
mime. Al eight, the sexton of the church (Cathedral) came
in with a German and a Latin version of the Ancient Evan
gelists, heretofore mentioned to be in the library, for my in
struction. Neither can be purchased here. The Latin is
printed at the Clarendon press, Oxford, 1750, and may be
had in England. Just after, Mr. Turner called to offer his
services. Sent him to Professor Giislin to make an appoint
ment for seeing the coins and medals. He came presently
back with word that the professor would be at my com
mand from ten to one ; and now I am expecting young John
Afzehus to talk law. The weather, since my arrival, has
been uniformly most beautiful ; calm, mild, genial.
At eleven, going to wait on Professor Goslin ; met him in

OP AARON BURR. 263
the street on his way to my quarters. We returned to the
Consist, building, which is spacious ; furnished with pictures.
Among them is a series of good paintings, commemorating
the cruelties of Chrit. the Cruel, justly named. Mr. GiJslin
is an extremely polite man, speaking French very well, and
perfectly adapted to his station. The collection of coins
and medals is very great, seeing that it is the work of only
a few years. Among the Russian medals, which are very
numerous and splendid, is one in which Catharine lays on
the ground naked, and looking up to an eagle, which appears
to be descending with a wreath. I wiU go again and give a
belter account of it. Could with pleasure have stayed much
longer, but had an appointment with Professor Afzelius.
Went and found him. Always frank, obliging, and courte
ous. Got from him London papers to the first /of August.
Home and read Turnberg. At three came in a young stu
dent whom I had not seen. He apologized without embar
rassment in pretty good English. He came to see me and
offer his service. Took him at his word, and walked to the
landing, where he served me as interpreter to inquire of
.sloops going to Stockholm. In all my walks have not met
a handsome man. The professor asked me to take tea with
his family. We went. His daughter is a very charming
girl, perhaps seventeen ; has all the ingredients of a fine
woman. Tall, well-formed, and commanding features.
Gay, cheerful, and plays well on the piano ; and, as is said,
still better on the harp. The son of Professor Afzelius is a
diandsome, promising young man.
15. At twelve, with Afzelius, to wait on the governor,
who had returned my visit. The castle was burned in  ,
and has been rebuilt in part, and that part unfinished. It
is a vast structure, and, when the second turret (rotunda)
shaU be added, will have a most grand and imposing aspect.
The position is magnificent, overlooking the town of Up
sala. The governor received me with ease and pohteness.
His countenance and manner are extremely prepossessing.

264 PRIVATE JOURNAL
About sixty, but extremely well preserved. He went over
the castle with me, and engaged me lo dinner to-morrow.
At half past three called on young Afzelius by appointment,
to go into the cupola of the Cathedral. I beg you riot to go
there. One hundred and eighty steps winding in the wall,
nearly perpendicular, and twelve or fifteen inches each.
Most of the way perfectly dark. The Calves of my legs are
quite sore. My young friend engaged me to lea. Went at
six. He showed me many curious books and maps. Ma
dame sang and played many Swedish songs and airs. ThCy
are much in the style of the Scotch.
16. Mr, Tumor came in at nine. At eleven went with
young Afzelius lo the Garden of Linnaeus, which before was
not open. Showed the room in which he died. That in
which he gave lectures, A large apartment in the green
house, the wings of which extend obliquely on each side.
His wife not handsome, meager, &c. He had three children ;
no son. Two married, the other an old maid. One has no
children. The other, one daughter, an only child about
eighteen; soon to be married. After dinner walked to
Turnberg's to take leave, and lo question him about Japan,
Had the walk for nothing. He is in town. Then to Pro
fessor Goslin's lo take leave. Am to set out with young
Afzelius in his gig to-morrow at ten. My next entry will
not be made in this place (Upsala),
17, I yet remain in Upsala, How could I forget to tell
you of a new acquaintance ? Yesterday Mr, Turner, who
is, from good-nature, the ciceroni of all strangers, told me*
that there was a traveUer who had a great desire lo see me.
He was brought up and presented. A man of about ihirty-
four. A very intelligent and prepossessing countenance.
His name H. Barth. More I know not, but we are to meet
in Stockholm. He speaks English fluently ; is very cheer
ful, and has that amiable German frankness and bonho
mie which I do so love.
Got up, dressed, and walked about near an hour, very fast,

OP AARON BURR. 265
to fatigue myself, I had before walked for some minutes,
but all lo no purpose, so set me down lo read the Latin
edition of the Swedish laws. To Turnberg's at seven;
found him dressed, and our coffee was immediately served.
Brought in by a pretty maid, with bread. Afterward bread,
butter ; pickled eels and smoked salmon, both very good ;
with brandy and cordials. Mr. T. look no brandy. We
both drank water. He offered me a copy of his travels in
Swedish, which I very foolishly declined. He answered
with great cheerfulness my questions about Japan. I had
made notes, so that nothing might be forgotten. Pray read
his travels ; they will amuse you much, and then you may
question me. You may believe every word he writes. You
are, perhaps, ignorant that in Japan women are as free as in
any part of Europe, and, I think, rather more so ; but I cannot
now (perhaps never) commit lo writing all he says. Stayed
two hours. We e.xchanged abundance of civil expressions,
and have agreed to keep up an intercourse after my return
to America.
Home at ten. You know we are lo go off this morning.
Called on the governor to take leave. He was under the
hands of his hair-dresser, but would see me. Stayed a few
minutes. Engaged to see him in Stockholm. On my re
turn home found Afzelius, Jr. He proposes, instead of
going now to Sigtuna, lo make first a tour lo the mines of
Dannemour, which suits me perfectly well. Am to set off
at three, and return to-morrow. Called on Mr. Turner, who
gave me a great number of pamphlets by the different pro
fessors, and other matters of curiosity A basket of cherries
and a very pretty note from Madame Afzelius.
A watchman in the steeple, with an immense speaking-
trumpet, proclaims the hour throughout the day, as well as
the night, immediately after the clock strikes, in a melodi
ous lone, of which not a syllable is articulated. Not a line
from Hosack in answer lo those which I wrote him on
Friday last. Mr. Hoagsum came in. He has been to the
Vol. L— M

266 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Lagefallkapi Handelsman BoreU, where I shaU be always
welcome. The newspapers, foreign and domestic, are found
there. Afzelius, Jr., has sent me two more books on the
ancient laws of Sweden,
19. Called on the director Afzelius. Out. Read law
two hours. My young student called ; a fine youth. At
twelve the director came ; brings me a letter from Hosack,
with news from the United States of the continuation of the
non-importation law, &c. Story of Adjutant-general Car-
dell, who, when Gustavus IV. was shipwrecked in 1807 on
Rugen, saved the queen and an officer by swimming with
them both. The king, on first meeting Cardell on shore,
said, "Sir, where is your staff?" The general was imme
diately confined in prison for eight days for appearing be
fore the king without his staff of office, although the king
was an eyewitness lo his saving the queen. Took a sort
of supper. Ale, sugar, &c. The ale of this country is ex-
ceUent. 20. To the landing. No sloop going to Stockholm before
to-morrow. Begin to be impatient to be off. While I was
dressing, about six o'clock, the maid, without knocking,
brought in a stranger, who addressed me in very good Eng
lish. Apologized for the liberty, that he had a great desire
to know me, having read much about me in the neiuspapers.
He gave me his address, Mr. Larsclever Husot, No. 36
nast Rdintmdslarehuset vid Skepsbrouen trappur upp. I
give it as a sample of the pretty little names of streets in
Stockholm. As another, that in which is my lodgings is call
ed Malmskildnadsgatan. The gentleman tendered me ci
vilities, and said he should be in Stockholm on the 24th.
It was not tUl yesterday that I learned that I have been a
subject of newspaper discussion for several weeks. What
is said about me I have neither heard nor inquired. At
eight came in my amiable Prussian acquaintance, Barth, on
his return from his northern tour. He took charge of a let
ter for me to Hosack. At twelve caUed again on A. E. Af-

OF AARON BURR. 267
zelius. No one at home. Went on to the landing. No
sloop till to-morrow evening. Shall I wait so long, or take
a posthorse this evening to Sigtuna? The director Afze
lius enters. How charmingly he hates the  , in which
we agree, and we curse them by the hour together. He
gave me a letter to Baron Hermelin, Noor, where I propose
to stay to-night. Two P. M., all my plan is reconsidered.
Afzelius has been here, and proposes to go with me to Stock
holm, by way of Sigtuna (the ancient and first capital of the
country ; dit, the residence of Odin) and Skoklosler, if I will
wait till Wednesday morning. The further inducements lo
wait are, 1. That I am invited to pass the day to-morrow at
the landshopdingen's, where I shall see les belles baronnes.
2. To attend the territorial court to be held here to-morrow.
3. To assist at the instalment of a knight, newly created,
who, finding it inconvenient to go to Stockholm to be invest
ed by the king in person, his majesty has been graciously
pleased lo authorize his excellency the landshbpdingen lo
perform the ceremony in his name and stead. After the
ceremony, a dinner. Now I'm thinking that you'll not scold
at this delay, because I shall have something to tell you.
Remember lo ask me to relate to you the history of Baron
Hermelin and Baron Mac Lean.
21. Do remind me lo give you a dissertation on locking
doors. Every person, of every sex and grade, comes in
without knocking. Plump into your bedroom. They do
not seem at all embarrassed, nor think of apologizing at
finding you in bed, or dressing, or doing — no matter what,
but go right on and tell their story as if all were right.
If the door be locked and the key outside (they use alto
gether spring-locks here), no matter ; they unlock the door,
and in they come. It is vain to desire them lo knock ; they
do not comprehend you, and, if they do, pay no manner of at
tention to it. It took me six weeks to teach my old Anna
not lo come in without knocking ; and, finaUy, it was only by
appearing lo get into a most violent passion, and threatening
M2

,268 PRIVATE JOURNAL
to blow out her brains, which she had not the least doubt I
would do without ceremony. I engage she is the only ser
vant in all Sweden who ever knocks. Notwithstanding all
my caution, I have been almost every day disturbed in this
way, and once last week was surprised in the most awk
ward situation imaginable. So, madam, when you come lo
Svenska, remember lo lock the door and to lake the key
inside. At one the director Afzelius came, and we walked up to
ihe castle. There were about forty in the drawing-room
destined for the ceremony, including the three ladies of the
family, M'Ue.  , from Stockholm, and one dame un
known. The order to be conferred was that of Wasa. The
subject of installation, Afzelius, a professor, and brother
of the director. He was dressed in the costume of the or
der, which is black. A short coat (or coatee), round at the
flaps. The shoulders with  of black velvet. A black
silk sash round the waist, and black sUk cloak a I'Espagnole.
The dress is rendered graceful by the sash and the cloak.
At the upper end of the room was a small table, placed be
fore a chair. M'lle. Wettervtadt placed a crimson stool for
the knight to kneel, and on the table a blue silk cushion,
whereon was laid the gem, insigne of the order. The gov
ernor, in full dress, stood behind the table. On the stool,
immediately facing him, kneeled the candidate for knight
hood, the spectators standing round in a circle at a dis
tance. The king's warrant, authorizing the governor to per
form the investiture, was then read by a knight. The gov
ernor read the oath, which the candidate repeated. Then the
governor put on his hat ; a large cornered hat edged with
white feathers. He then drew his sword, and laying il three
times gently on the shoulder of the candidate, addressed
him. The knight then rose. The governor embraced him. His
relations and intimate friends did the same. He kissed the
hands of the two baronnes, and the rest of the company

OP AARON BURR. 269
congratulated him. Having never given you an account of
a Swedish dinner, I may as well improve this occasion. Of
ihe forms I shaU only set down so much as is peculiar and
invariable. Immediately after the congratulations, a small table was set
in the same room, with bread of two or three kinds, butter,
cheese cut in small slices, brandy, and wine-glasses. One
of the young ladies occupied herself in spreading the small
pieces of bread with butter. The gentlemen came round,
partook of the bread and cheese, and each a glass of brandy.
The ladies look of the bread and cheese, but not of the
brandy. I never, on any occasion, saw a lady drink brandy.
Various travellers have asserted the contrary. During this
preliminary repast, all are standing and walking about, with
out ceremony. In about a quarter of an hour dinner was
commenced. The governor desired me lo hand in one of
the ladies. I bowed to the new knight, intimating that he
should lake precedence, the honour of the day being due to
him ; but no, I was the stranger. I took the hand of the
elder M'lle. W., but she would not go before the lady from
Stockholm. The governor led her, the rest followed as they
pleased. Arrived in the dining-room, all stand round and
silently say grace : thus al least the half minute of sUence
is supposed to be employed. You, graceless hussy, would, I
fear, employ it differently. I was contemplating la cadette;
what so proper to inspire devotion ! Grace said, you bow to
the host, to the ladies, and to the company, and lake seats.
The governor placed me on his right hand, m'lle. on my right.
La cadette nearly vis a vis. You touch nothing, ask for
nothing. Every dish is handed round in succession. You
take or not. If you see a favourite dish, you must wail till
it comes round. The first thing is small slices of ham and
salt fish, generally with eggs (eggs began the Roman feasts
ab ova ad mala), then bouilli ; fish, if any ; then soup.
(The servants give clean plates al every dish.) Then the
roti and other dishes, one at a lime, and a second not offered

270 PRIVATE JOURNAL
till aU have done with the preceding and the plates changed.
Bottles of wine and of water, glasses and tumblers, are on the
table. During the repast, frequent libations ; much ease and
cheerfulness. No healths drank. In small social parties
toasts are often given. Theodosia, par example, very often.
After the meats, pastry, and then fruits. We had to-day ap
ples, gooseberries (large and excellent), and currants. The
moment the eating is gone through, all rise, every one car
rying his chair back to the wall. There is a sort of emula
tion in doing this with celerity and slight. No one turns his
back. The servant look charge of my chair. All stand
mute another half minute, returning thanks. Bow and sa
lute each olher again. The intimate friends kiss the hands
of the ladies, the children embrace their parents and each
other. The ladies are then led to the parlour, where all as
semble. Coffee is immediately served on a table, at which
one of the young ladies presides. You may take it standing,
silting, or by the table. The latter is usuaUy my mode, but
on this occasion I was engaged t'other side of the room, on
the sofa with la cadette. What a quantity I Dear soul,
you must be surfeited with this feast.
I was very glad lo meet here the spokesmen, or presiding
judges of the two courts I had visited, and I did not fail to
compliment them on the decorum, the simplicity, and the
despatch which I had witnessed in their tribunals.
I forgot to tell you that the dishes were cut up by the
young ladies alternately. A pretty serious labour when
thirty-five guests. It is sometimes done by the servants at
a sideboard. The fashionable hour of dining is two. If the
invitation extends only to dinner, you are off at five, which
was the case to-day. The new knight engaged me to din
ner to-morrow ; and A. E. Afzelius to sup and pass the
evening. You see that my whole time is occupied until our
departure, which will certainly be Wednesday morning.
The governor goes to town the same day. Has frequently
repeated that he will then have the pleasure of introducing

OF AARON BURR. 271
me to his son, Le Chancelier de  , in whom he has,
jusUy, great pride.
At seven to A. E. A., lo talk law. The patience and
cheerfulness with which he replies (in English, a language
not very familiar lo him) lo all my inquiries is truly gratify
ing. Passed two hours, and with great satisfaction. Walked
about town an hour. At ten aU is quiet. You meet not a
person in the street save the watchmen, who sing out the
hour, and add, in the same strain of melody, a prayer for
your good repose, and security from fire and enemies,
22, Much eating and drinking requires fumigation and
vigilance. At ten came the professor, Adam Afzelius, lo
invite me to see his cabinet, collected during ten years' resi
dence at Sierra Leone, in the service of the English society
bearing that name, as physician. He is now one of the pro
fessors of botany in this university. Is in his si.xtieth year,
and is the oldest of the three brothers, A very sprightly
man, speaking very good English, Might pass for forty-six.
It is to be regretted that his travels and discoveries have not
been published, and you will participate in that regret when
you shall see the short notes which I have made (under this
date) of his communications, and a few of the subjects shown
in his cabinet, I was obliged to leave it at half past twelve
to dress for the knight's (J. Afzelius) dinner, the invitation
being for half past one. At three quarters past one I arrived.
I was the last, and they had got through the bread and cheese
course-y-the governor, several professors ; in aU twelve. No
dames, J. Afzelius being garpon. He is bon vivant. The
dinner not as might be expected. Rhenish and claret, both
very good. Pears, apples, melons, gooseberries ; currants,
four sorts, one of very pale, dim red, which we have not ;
very common here. The first honours paid lo Gamp.
Dishes first presented to him, which I thought wrong, con
sidering that the governor is, in his government, the repre
sentative of majesty.
At seven to Andreas Ericus Afzelius, the name of my

272 PRIVATE JOURNAL
friend, the haradshofding, to sup-y-lhe governor, and about
thirty in aU. A very luxurious supper and exceUent wines.
Further delays. My amiable friend the harads. has con
trived employment for me to-morrow, his business requiring
a delay tUl Thursday. In the Botanic Garden is an Ameri
can black-walnut-tree ; the body about five inches in di
ameter ; very thrifty ; grown from a nut planted here ; the
only tree of the kind which I have seen on this side the
Atlantic. 24. Yesterday at ten A. E. A. called with his relation John,
professor of chymistry, greatly distressed that an official duty,
of which he had no notice tUl eight this morning, obliges
him to delay his journey tUl to-morrow noon. Invited me
to go with him to a viUage only two mUes off, lo see the
manner of discharging the duty, &c. The subject is the
division of a common^among the parishioners ; agreed to go,
but went first with Professor J. Afzelius to see his cabinet,
his mineralogical and laboratory. Two hours there, and
much amused. Complains that he can get nothing from
America. At twelve walked with him to the house of a
friend. Warm weather. Found there two priests, two of
the assessors ; several peasants. While they were talking
over their business, I went to see the tomb of  , who
reigned  . It is a tumulus about the size and the form
of that which you saw at Cincinnati. It is placed on a rocky
eminence. Has a fine view of the Castle and Cathedral of
Upsala, and of the Orangery, which, though about three hun
dred paces nearer than the castle, appears like one of its of
fices. We were at the house of a respectable farmer. On com
ing in.brandy, beer, and skolpon were on the table, of which
I partook. At one, brandy, beer, bread, butter, and cheese ;
another meal. About half past two we were called in to
dinner. Brandy, bread, and cheese again. A very good
dinner. The first course, as in town, was salt fish, ham,
sausages, &c. ; then I forget what ; then fiUibouka ; then

OF AARON BURR. 273
roast chickens and ham. The business was settled with the
utmost good-humour. Home at five.
At six Mr. Tumor invited me to visit the library again.
Passed there two hours, and took a note, which you will
see, of several books. Home at eight. Read till eleven in
Cox's volume on Sweden. My first business this morning
was lo examine into ihe state of finance, to determine wheth
er or not Gamp, might dejeune. Found that he could not.
Continued reading Cox, and finished the volume. He is
most accurate, and more intelligent than either of the trav
ellers heretofore mentioned. Please lo read him, for I have
been over much of the same ground, seen the same things,
and some of the same persons.
A. E. A. came in at ten, and says he will call at one with
his carriage, and that we shall lodge to-night at Sigtuna,
Adam Afzelius came in and gave me a memorandum, in his
own handwriting, and in English, of the several articles from
Africa respecting which I was most desirous to be informed.
Then P. Afzehus, with London papers to the 7th of August.
Offers me all sorts of civilities. Now the clock strikes one,
and I am looking out for my escort.
25. Left Upsala, with A. E. Afzelius, haradshofding, ia
his coach (phaeton) with posthorses. Rode through this
beautiful plain lo Gamla Upsala, to Aggle-Stavall. The
whole distance ten English mUes. A cabin for a posthouse,
and a very respectable-looking farmhouse for lodging, &c.,
for travellers. In the garden plenty of currants and goose
berries, with which made free. This indulgence is every
where as with us. On to  , Among the pictures are
several said to be of the first masters. Was particularly
struck with one of Aurora Cambesse de Koningsmere, who
frightened Charles XII., wrapped in a silk manteau. The
bosom, the left foot, and right knee (and something more)
bare. In the open field, before sunrise, alluding to her name,
a fine landscape, A portrait of Ann Bulliun rex Henry
VIII,, beautiful and interesting. Twenty-two steps to as-
M3

274 PRIVATE JOURNAL
cend to the first floor. The buUding is suffering for want
of repairs. Passed two hours here. The plain narrows,
Liltle rocky hills ; but always smaU, fertile spots highly cul
tivated, and exceUent roads. Not a stone as big as an egg,
A peasant's house; an air of comfort and plenty. Got horses
presently, and on to Oerubro ; a very neat, comfortable inn.
Beds, maid, and everything neat. Were aU abed, but got up
cheerfully and got us supper. A wild fowl, sort of grouse,
fish, salad, and fiUibouka. While supper was getting we
walked lo the furnace.
26. I preferred lo lay on the sofa without undressing.
The beds are loo soft. At six came in the flika with coffee.
This is caffe, and not breakfast. A little skolpon is served
with it. At eight walked over to the mines, two miles.
(Note, mUes are always English, unless distinguished by S.,
which means Swedish.) This is a most beautiful viUage,
and, like that at Dannemour, is the property of the owners
of the mines. All the streets with rows of trees. The
houses neat. For an account of the mines, see a loose sheet,
in which the errors of writers of travels are corrected. The
principal director, not speaking English or French, put me
in the hands of the sub-director, Mr.  , who has been in
England. The doctor, brother of my compagnon de voyage,
devoted himself lo my amusement. The mine is in constant
danger of being overflowed by the lake. This has twice
happened. The mine is about 450 feet deep. From the
orifice you see bottom. They insist that this lake cannot
be drained, which I deny, and can demonstrate that it can.
We talked much of it, and they listened to me with great
attention. They bore logs (for conduit pipes) by hand with
an augur, having no such machine as we used al New-York
for the Manhattan Works. The doctor invited me to break
fast. It was a sumptuous feast of chickens, ham, fish, beans,
salad, with dessert of preserves, made of a wild fruit which
I found delicious ; other frails and bonbons. Excellent ale,
which is drank with sugar and water, in my own mode.

OF AARON BURR. 275
The director played on the peasant's violin for me. An
instrument with seven strings and sixteen keys. Only three
strings are played on. The dance of the Norland peasants
is the waltz, with varieties. A dance something like our
country-dance, whence, probably, the English country-dance
originated. Very pretty, and danced with great grace. A
young peasant now played.
On first coming to the doctor's house, had heard the gun-
fru sing a few notes. Begged her lo sing a song. Sang,
Marching and dancing in a circle. Erect, toes out. A
fine Italian face. Danced with great ease and agility.
Hazel hair, parted over the forehead, and so just above the
eyebrow, over the ear, hanging in the neck. Took my hand
gracefully, kissed it, bowed, and thanked me in the dialect
of her country. Went to see and hear the blasting, which
is always at twelve. The rumbling of the sound in this
vast vault of solid rocks is very fine. The steam-engine,
made in England, makes no more noise than a houseclock.
We left the chateau at dusk to seek our supper. It was
good and abundant, only the hard bread. Having eaten
nothing the whole day save two very small skolpons and
some gooseberries, I did great honour to the supper, Vrai
menl je mangois comme gourmand. Beds were provided
for us in the house of the menagfere, a house about twice
as large as Richmond HiU,* The rooms spacious and well
furnished. La menagere, a smart, sensible woman, was all
attention and civUity, Our coffee was served before we
were dressed. It is much the custom lo take it in bed, A
single cup ; far better than the drams, and loo much with
us, I never saw in Sweden a dram taken before coffee.
With this coffee nothing is eaten. It is always strong and
well prepared ; equally well in the meanest collage. We
returned to the castle. The library is said lo contain ten or
eleven thousand volumes, chiefly ancient. Many ancient
» Owned by, and once the country residence of, Mr. Burr, but now converted
into a city theatre.

276 PRIVATE JOURNAL
manuscripts. The chateau, the furniture, the books, arms,
and manuscripts, are all entailed, and cannot be alienated.
The proprietor. Count Brake, seldom visits this place, having
two or three others ; and no person is permitted to visit the
library except in the presence of the maitre d'holel, so that
the contents are unknown. We visited, also, the chapel,
which is built on the spot where stood the cloister, whose
ruins are slUl visible. The chapel is about the size of
your churches : is handsome, without being magnificent.
The organist played several tunes for us. The vaulted ceil
ings gave a fine effect to the sound. At eleven we went to
seek our breakfast. It was sumptuous. La menagere hav
ing learned that I preferred the soft bread, had made some
excellent, and had, in further compUment lo my taste, pro
vided fish from the lake, which is within one hundred yards
of the door. Ate as though I had not supped. At twelve
embarked to return. A boat had been procured and waited
our orders.
It is about three miles hence to the chateau of Rudbache.
The shores of the lake always riant and patloresque.
Walked lo the posthouse, near a mile, and at one set off.
Al two mUes a ferry, at which I was obliged to be ferryman,
and hard work it was. Thence lo the main road leading
from Upsala lo Stockholm, being about five miles ; the road
a litlle stony ; not much used, and having been injured by
the rains, and, being the midst of harvest, the peasants had
not yet found time lo repair it. Otherwise that part of the
ride is beautiful, by the varied landscape. Lakes, mead
ows, rich fields, rocky hills, forests, all constantly and
charmingly blended.
But I forgot to tell you that Sigtuna is the most ancient
capital of Sweden. Centuries before Upsala. Tradition,
and some what is caUed history, relates that il was taken,
sacked, and burned by the Russians about 1800 years ago.
Very fine ruins of their ancient temples ; two of them, at
least, are fine. Fifty or si.xty feet in height of the turrets are

op AARON BURR. 277
Standing. Several of the arches entire ; trees growing on
the tops. Rude architecture. Of the date and particular
use of these temples, even tradition is silent. We visited
the church. Nothing very remarkable. Much of the mate
rials taken from the old temple which stands near, and is
within the same enclosure. On many of the stones Tunic
inscriptions, so defaced as to be illegible.
The priest asleep. Kept me two hours waiting for the
key. Gooseberries and blackberries in the churchyard.
The latter tasteless. Left Sigtuna at five, having taken
there a dish of coffee and a skolpon (exactly our rusk).
Everywhere, loo, you get wafers, our wafers, made and
eaten in the same way. Sigtuna is now an inconsiderable
town of about one hundred wooden (log) houses.
At three yesterday, the H. not appearing, went to his
house. Found all ready. Took coffee with madame, and
at half past three set off. At five arrived at  , where we
proposed to traverse the lake. Took boat at the chateau of
Rudbache, formerly Wetterfledt, who exchanged fortune
for titles. An old woman rowed us over, about one mile
English, and we walked near two miles lo the palace of
Skoklosler. From Rudbache's gardener we had got cur
rants, apples, and a melon. They were gathering vege
tables for market. Cabbages of uncommon size.
Leaving Upsala in this direction, you rise the hill on
which is the castle, and, passing over the plain, elevated
about one hundred feel above the more extensive one lo the
north, you enter the park ; fine lofty pines, about half a
mile ; thence four miles to the river, which you pass in a
scow. Three miles more to the posthouse. Half a mUe
before reaching the ferry you are in sight of the lake ; and,
after crossing the river, the road is parallel to the lake ; dis
tant, perhaps, half a mile, on a gentle declivity. The coun
try the whole way under high cultivation, interspersed with
those litlle rocky hUls and ridges which make it so pic
turesque.

278 " PRIVATE JOURNAL
The chateau, now Budluck's, is very beautifuUy situated
on a promontory, extending about a quarter of a mile into
the lake. Along avenue of ancient trees. The body of the
house, five windows each story, being two stories in front
and three in rear. The wings, three windows each story,
A plain house ; many outbuildings give il the air of a village,
Skoklosler, formerly a cloister, of which the ruins are stUl
visible. The present chateau was built — years ago. The
four turrets, about thirty-two feet diameter each, octagon, is
elevated a full story above the body of the building, and
again a story or dome, crowned with a sort of armillary
sphere. The main building encloses an open court; below,
an arcade or open gallery all round. Beautiful little brass
cannon on each side. Gallery in each story on the side of
the court, about twelve feet wide. On each pier, six in each
story, the portrait, large as life, of distinguished person, com
panion in arms or in council of Gustavus Adolphus, On
the opposite side of the galleries some historical painting.
All painted on the waUs, Mottoes in French, Latin, Italian,
Swedish, The buUding is three lofty stories and an attic.
The Gobelin, in many rooms, well preserved and very beau
tiful, A great number of paintings, portraits, battles, his
torical pieces ; of Aurora Cam. de Koningsmere by no means
equal to one I have seen, Ebba Brake, when a girl and
when an old woman. General Wrangle, in every possible
way, A picture of him on horseback, as large as life ; un
derneath which is inscribed a concise history of him. An
equestrian statue in the apartment in the chapel where is
his monument.
The attic story is principally a place of arms. Ancient
armour. Spears, swords, bucklers, helmets, hung around
with complete suits of armour. Guns, fusees, pistols, and
firearms of aU sorts, used one hundred and fifty years ago ;
also, wardrobes, boots, spurs, &c. Very few of the paint
ings of much value. The cabinet of ebony and ivory ; and
another, principally ivory, with a variety of jewels, trinkets,

OP AARON BURR, 279
bawbles. Four columns of two pillars each, with pedestal
and capital, of one solid piece of marble. These and many
of the other things were brought from Prague when taken
by Gust, Adolp, The columns, made in Italy, were in the
palace at Prague, now supporting the arch of the vestibule.
Bones found in Scaria, behoved to be human. A rib
measured eight feel six inches, and is not entire. A verte
brae of the spine  inches in circumference. Near the
same place was found a sword, here also kept, of singular
construction ; about seven feet long, and of a weight which
could not be used by men of these days,
Stockholm, August 27, It was half past twelve last night
when we arrived. Being loo late to go lo my lodgings, i. e.,
being averse to wake my good old Anna, went with A, E. A.
to a tavern in Stor Ny Gatan ; they put us three stories up ;
that is, in the fourth story, I was so weary and sleepy that
I threw myself on the sofa, without supper and without un
dressing, and slept profoundly till near six. Hosack came
in at eleven. Not a letter for him or for me from any
quarter. 28. I did lay down at eleven and got asleep. At twelve
I waked in a fever, and found myself devoured by bugs.
Got up, lighted candle, and saw the bed alive. Being very
sleepy, went into the next room and lay on the sofa. In a
few minutes was attacked in like manner. Got up again,
lighted candle in despair, and read till daylight. Lay down
on three chairs, but could not sleep, so ordered breakfast.
At ten lo wait on Governor Wetterfledt and his son, the
chancellor Out, Left cards. To Baron Engerstrom's,
To Hedborn's ; went with his clerk to get guineas changed.
Home at two. Found note from Hosack that the Ameri
cans, Captains Van Aulen and Barry, and Mr. Robinson, all
from New- York, had agreed lo meet me at dinner at Moys-
abacke, to dine together a I'Americaine, on beefsteaks, fish,
and potatoes ; to rendezvous al his quarters. The savage
had not the grace to rendezvous at mine. Being very desi-

280 PRIVATE JOURNAL
reus of meeting these compatriots, as they are all said to be
very friendly, went, and had our dinner. Barry did not come,
being unexpectedly called off on some business about his
ship. Van Aulen is from Kinderhook, and connected with
the family of Van Ness ; an intelligent, friendly young man.
The other a fine, handsome, sprightly youth. Our dinner
in a saloon in the garden, and being elevated about 150 or
200 feet above the mass of the city, affords a most beautiful
bird's-eye view of the town, harbour, and country.
I had authorized Hosack to propose this dinner, as the
Americans had expressed a great desire to see me ; but he
managed so ill that they supposed they came to dine at my
invitation and expense, of which I was ignorant till the mo
ment of coming off. Paid for the dinner, exactly the pro
ceeds of my guinea. Besides this, I did not treat them as
my guests. Very little wine was called for, and they must
have thought it scurvy treatment. Alas ! mon guinea.
Took tea at their quarters. Home at seven. Shall go
early to bed, lo make up my long arrears of sleep. These
Americans have been eight or nine months from the United
States. Of course, nothing new.
29, I did go to bed al ten, promising myself a rich sleep ;
say two hours vigil. Note, my bedstead had undergone a
thorough ablution, and there were no bugs or insects. Got
up and attempted to light candle, but in vain. Had flint and
matches, but only some shreds of punk, which would not
catch. RecoUected a gun which I had had on a very late
journey ; filled the pan with powder, and was just going lo
flash it, when it occurred that, though I had not loaded it,
some one else might. Tried, and found it a very heavy
charge. What a fine alarm it would have made if I had
fired. Then poured out some powder on a piece of paper,
put the shreds of punk with il, and, after fifty essays, suc
ceeded in firing the powder ; but it being quite dark, had
put more powder than intended ; my shirt caught fire ; the
papers on my table caught fire ; burned my fingers lo a blis-

OF AARON BURR, 281
ter, the left hand, fortunately. It seemed like a general con
flagration. Succeeded, however, in lighting my candle, and
passed the night, till five this morning, ir],^smoking, reading,
and writing this,
Essai sur I'Esprit des Femmes, par M. Thomas, 1772.
WeU written. Much historical information. Many books
of which I had not heard are quoted. He meant to be liberal
and friendly to the se.x, but, like all I have read, has set out
wrong ; has not seen the source of the evil, though the evils
are acknowledged, and, of course, has not found the remedy.
This will remain for Gamp.
Tableau Litl6raire de la France pendant le 18"° Sidcle.
Sujet propose en 1806, par la Classe de la Langue et de la
Lilterature. Paris, 1807. This I presume to be a sort of
prize piece. It is well written. His distinctions are pretty
good, but his eulogies extravagant.
Le Voyageur Fataliste. Comedie. Par A. Charlemagne,
1806. I had foresworn French comedies, and hate comedies
in verse. This, though long, was not found tiresome.
Rapprochement des Arbres. Paris, 1807. Where have
I laid that book ? Will find it to-morrow, and give you the
author's name. It is a new discovery, by which you give
to any tree the sap and nourishment of another, or some
branch of another, and by this means you may change and
improve the colour, size, and flavour of almost any fruit.
The results are curious and useful. Pray try it. You see,
madam, I have not been idle. Now allow me to attempt
sleeping. 30. Slept very httle till ten, when Madame D. came in,
a la Swedoise, on some very urgent message, which I an
swered only by a round of curses. However, I was waked,
and got up. Took breakfast at twelve, rummaged in the
library for two or three hours (there is an arrival of new
books from Paris), then walked out with Granborn to try
the market for guineas. Changed four. Hunted an hour
for Barth without success. Called al the postoffice. No

282 PRIVATE JOURNAL
letters. No doubt my letters are stopped by the British
government. 'Tis impossible that every human being can
have forgotten me for four months ; for my female friends,
I would swear. But what remedy ? Me voici. Positively
I will go off to Hamburgh or Memel as soon as I can find
Barth. WiU hunt for passages to — everywhere, and then
determine. Called at the lodgings of Ba. Ulp. Sparre,
for whom I had a letter from London, and just now deter
mined to deliver il. Has left town. Home al six. On the
way, caUed to see Capt. Van Aulen. Read an hour or two
in I'ltineraire de I'Allemagne, 1807. You see I am pre
paring. Read also a treatise (French) on the authority of parents,
i.e., of fathers ; for women are not in question. Cannot now
lay hand on il to give you the title, but will find it. The
subject was proposed by the Institute National, and this
book gained the approbation and the prize. In my opinion,
no way flattering lo the genius of the nation. There is,
indeed, a good deal of historical fact, but much declamation
and flourish.
Yesterday an officer (vieux militaire) called to consult me
about seeking employment in the United States, which I
flatly discouraged. He wishing a further conversation, ap
pointed nine this morning. At eight called on Baron d'Al
bedy'hU. Out. On Governor Willenstadt, whom I found
dressing. On D. Gahn ; engaged to dine with him to-day
at eleven. Home before nine to meet the Swedish officer.
On opening my door, found him seated, though I had the key
in my pocket, at which I made great eyes. He apologized.
Told him that Hosack had served in the United States' army,
and knew more than I about the subjects of his inquiry.
Gave him the address of Hosack and a line of introduction.
At ten lo Breda's, to pay my respects to the picture. Found
it in good order, and looking, I fear, very different from the
original ! Found Barth's lodgings and left card. To Baron
Mancke's, StUl at Haga. Walked to Eklun. Found, as

OF AARON BURR. 283
always, a good dinner and good wine. We were en famille.
Home at seven.

FROM THEODOSIA.
Rocky River Springs (S. C), August 1, 1809.
Your removal from England was first announced to me by
a paragraph in the newspapers ; and for some minutes I re
mained stupified, as if stunned by the blow. AU hope of
its falsehood is now annihilated by the receipt of your letter
to R. B., forwarded by Gahn. Thus, then, has vanished all
the pleasure I derived from reflecting on the advantages of
your late residence, which was rendered as delightful as exile
can be by identity of language, and by the attentions of
friends perfectly congenial to you.
Since my arrival at this place I have received your let
ters of the 25th March and of the 24th of October, Than
the last of which, later have been acknowledged already.
This retired situation so long delays your letters that my
spirits are exhausted in anxious expectation. Indeed, it al
most wears me out. Your letter to M, has been sent to the
Low Country, where he remains busily engaged in political
affairs. By a gentleman (whose name I never knew), a
passenger in the Pacific, you ought to have received a bun
dle of newspapers, and a few lines truly announcing my
perfect recovery, which commenced from the moment that
the mercury was abandoned and replaced by two glasses of
good wine daily. Shortly before that I had written lo you
al great length. By what conveyance has now escaped my
recoUection, probably the same ship (Pacific), she was de
tained so long. It has been my wish and intention to send
some trifle to our revered and inestimable friend, Jeremy
Benlham ; but it has not been in my power lo do so. You
know that my situation is not favourable to it.
The translation is begun, but it advances slowly. I do not
like sending it without first submitting it to your judgment.
The mode of Ufe necessarily led here has prevented me from

284 PRIVATE JOURNAL
pursuing any occupation regularly ; not, however, through
dissipation. You undoubtedly saved my life by preventing
me from coming here last year. The lodging is very bad ;
such as you have often had in half-finished log cabins ; the
food to suit, and the mineral waters are absolutely poison
lo me.
My letter to Mrs. M. has been sent long since ; but no
answer has reached me, and this delay strengthens my ap
prehensions as to success. The gazelles under that influ
ence continue every now and then lo propagate calumnies
and make use of expressions calculated lo enliven every
spark of animosity which exists in the country. This looks
ill. Our best and most numerous coUeclion of friends is in
New-York. There are many there who wish to see you
once more established at home.
My boy continues devotedly attached lo you. His edu
cation advances. He reads and speaks French with facility.
Reads English well, and begins with Latin this day. His
present preceptor is a truly worthy man, but who does not
possess information enough lo continue his pursuit another
year. Of course you could not attend lo my commission on
that subject. Still I will wait to hear from you before I en
deavour to procure another person. M. prefers a Europe
an lo a Cuban exile. Babade wants to be on again, but I
am tired of his caprices. He cannot be depended on ; and,
indeed, he contemplates a residence of only six months
with us.
None of your packets have reached me since my departure
from New- York. Poor little B.'s caricatures of Mrs. Clark,
newspapers, &c., all are with some of my friends. Nor
can I discover, by writing, who has them. This is mortify
ing. Jeremy Bentham's bust is certainly lost. I could al
most cry about it.
I have written a second time to the gentleman who prom
ised us the supply of funds ; but there is little to be hoped
from him. On inquiry, I find that his character does not

OP AARON BURR. 285
stand very high as a man of punctilious honour in money
dealings. The style of my last letter was open, and my
name to it at full length. Perhaps he may be teased into a
performance of his engagements. His conduct is a serious
addition to all the accumulated difficulties which already
pour in upon us, and which would absolutely overwhelm
any other being than yourself. Indeed, I witness your ex
traordinary fortitude with new wonder al every new misfor
tune. Often, after reflecting on this subject, you appear lo
me so superior, so elevated above all other men ; I contem
plate you with such a strange mixture of humility, admira
tion, reverence, love, and pride, that very little superstition
would be necessary lo make me worship you as a superior
being : such enthusiasm does your character excite in me.
When I afterward revert to myself, how insignificant do my
best qualities appear. My vanity would be greater if 1 had
not been placed so near you ; and yet my pride is our re
lationship. I had rather not live than not be the daughter of
such a man.  and  have set off for Philadelphia,
thence to embark for Brazil. N. in very ill health.
You will be rejoiced to hear that my health continues
good here. L. N. talks seriously and warmly of another
visit to England. This project meets with great opposition,
of course. God knows how it will end. I am no longer in
confidence, thank fortune. I suspect victory will declare
for L. N.
I shall enclose this to Gahn, who will find the safest and
readiest conveyance for it, no doubt. He is a most amiable
man. Nothing could exceed the attention and considerate
kindness I received from him in New- York. Write lo him,
pray. He disclaims all pretension lo any thanks for the be
haviour of Baron B., who, he says, has acted thus entirely
uninfluenced by any one. How happy his interference made
me. Gahn acted like a good angel in forwarding your letter
to R. B. But StiU every minute weighs on me tUl I have

286 PRIVATE JOURNAL
some detaUs from you addressed lo myself. My heart
sinks and beats in wailing for them.
Your letter of March 26, to A. B. A., from Gravesend,
with the hieroglyphics, is this instant received, with some
gazettes, and Godwin's Essay on Sepulchres. The post
boy will not wait. I can only say how happy we are made
by this arrival. Theodosia.
FROM THEODOSIA. Cheraw?, S. C, August 31, 1809.
I wrote to you about a month ago from the Rocky River
Springs, of which you heard so much during your last visit
to South Carolina, and where I have been residing since
the beginning of June. We left them yesterday on our way
to GrenvUle. The only lodgings are half-finished log cabins.
The fare bad, and the mineral waters injurious to me ; but,
as the air is pure, I have retained my lately-acquired health,
and StUl continue well. Do not be distressed about my
health. I think it quite safe now. Nothing could have af
forded me more happiness than your few lines of the 5th of
May from Gottenburg, though I confess the loss of your
journal went to my heart. I stUl hope to hear that you have
recovered it.
Reflection had already greatly reconciled me to your re
moval before the receipt of your letter, which has assisted
to console me. Although I know that, whatever might be
your sufferings in any situation, you would prevent the in
fection from spreading to your friends as long as you possi
bly could, yet your assurances cheer me irresistibly. The
attentions of Baron B. have e.xcited my warmest gratitude.
There are certainly some peculiar advantages in your new
residence. I wish you had informed me more minutely, in
detail, relative to the circumstances of your departure from
Great Britain. Our newspapers say, as from authority, that
you plead your right to remain as a British subject, assert
ing that you were born such, and the constitution of Great

OP AARON BURR. 287
Britain admitted not of alienation. Is this so ? Answer me
at length on this subject.
I have written a second lime to Judas. My letter cannot
fail to reach him. It is written openly, in my own name.
Perhaps he may be driven to a compliance with his engage
ments. I mean lo try. Success cannot be of disservice al
any time. Your hopes of future, if only temporary, inde
pendence came like the light of Heaven lo my soul. God
grant they may be realized. M., of course, has no part in
my correspondence with Judas. Oh that he could prove lo
be a Peter, and repent of his sins !
After a short time in New-York, I should have realized
the fable of the hare and many friends, excepting, always,
Frederic. But I believe your friends are most numerous
and respectable in that city. Would it were in my power
lo make Jeremy Bentham some little present. I know it
ought to be trifling ; but what, that might gratify in any way,
can be sent from South Carolina to England ? I will think
further of it, however, and will write, al all events. He
surely merits every attention from me, and he possesses my
sincerest reverence and esteem. The translation of his sys
tem of legislation is begun, but no more. The mode of life
at the R. R. Springs is not propitious to any occupation.
For instance, there were no window-sashes ; of course, wind,
rain, or hot sun either drove me from my chamber or kept
me in the dark, for it had only one window. I confess that
it would be very disagreeable to me that my translation
should receive the first reading from any one but you.
Therefore, I think, under existing circumstances, the plan
must be abandoned.
Would you believe it, L. N. has gone to England again !
She has grown larger than Gabriella ! Charlotte is lo be
married this autumn or winter to Mr. A.'s young friend and
co-partner in his law office, Mr. W. Le pere greatly dis
pleased at it. But W. is industrious, respectable, and, I
think, truly amiable.

288 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Henceforth I shall have it in my power lo write oftener,
and I will adopt the mode you recommend. A. B. A.
shall read history as you approve. It is best, because frag
ments may be selected to suit his present capacity, to excite
his taste, to form and elicit his character. Z. is good, but
meek and timid, rest assured. It is astonishing how our en
emies strive lo keep alive the flames. Paragraphs to that
intent are constantly appearing in the newspapers ; but we
have many friends. You shall have some satisfactory ac
count on this subject. Adieu. Theodosia.
JOURNAL.
Stockholm, September 2, 1809. It is no easy matter lo
determine how to dispose of myself. Why slay here ? To
be sure, I am unmolested, and live at no great expense.
When I came here il was with intent to stay till answers
should be received to my letters written to the United Stales
at the moment of leaving London.
Just then it was announced to me that a lady in the li
brary wished to speak with, me. What sort of a lady?
" Young and beautiful." In truth, she is very pretty. Not
at all a Swedish face. Speaking a litlle French. The pre
tence (perhaps the real object) of the visit lo inquire about
certain friends in England, and the means of getting there.
An aquUine nose, blue eyes, very fair, very black hair and
eyebrows. On my remarking that she could not, from her
appearance, be Swedish, she said she was born in Peters
burgh, and left me her address.
A sad interruption this lo the calculations I was about to
make. The summary is, that I am resolved to go, without
knowing exactly why or where.
5. Got up late, and, for reasons unknown, in very bad
order. Heated, nervous iremour, no appetite for breakfast,
which is unusual. Went abroad, however, at eleven. Went
at two to dine with Captain Barry. On getting home at
eight, found all my maladies exceedingly increased. Avery

OP AARON BURR. 289
quick pulse, agitation of nerves, and burning hot, though the
weather is quite cold, and I had drank very litlle wine.
Withal, a sort of exaltation of t^te, which altogether dis
tressed me exceedingly ; pains in my bones. The family of
D'Aries are in the country. Mr. G. out. No means of ex
planation with old Anna. Not a lime, or lemon, or anything
else lo be had at this hour. Ordered hot water and warm
drink, but no relief; though lay in bed, exceedingly restless.
Took thirteen drops of laudanum, the greatest dose I ever
took ; and, finding sleep quite out of the question, got up,
dressed, and read a long, dull comedie, Le Jaloux. About
two A. M. a lilUe relieved. Went to bed ; slept about four
hours and got up well. There prevails in this city a malignant
fever, which has carried off persons in two and three days.
Having been often in the quarter most infected with this dis
ease, no doubt I had caught it, and I have given you this de
tail lo show how very slightly any such disease can affect me.
I disclosed to no one that I was sick. A sick man is a very
contemptible animal. Owing lo very temperate habits, my
constitution affords no pabulum to such diseases.
Gottenburg, October 7. Slept last evening at  , where
we arrived at eleven, the family all in bed. The maid got
up, made us fire, got an excellent supper and clean beds,
and all with a cheerfulness which gave value to our sup
plies. Our last coachman was again a girl ; a very pretty
girl, of about sixteen. She drove us most rapidly, and with
boldness and skill. Sam himself could not have done bet
ter ; nor here so well, for il was very dark. She returned
immediately, having a horse to lead.
We had ordered horses for this place (Gottenburg) at
five this morning. At six we set off, and got here (fourteen
miles) at half past eight. Drove to the posthouse. Not a
room or bed to be had. Not even a place lo sit down and
take breakfast. We were cold and hungry, and were tUl
ten cruising about town before we could get admission into
a house. We engaged a room, i. e., one corner of it, for it
Vol. I.— N

290 PRIVATE JOURNAL
was a public room, for two hours, with promise of breakfast.
We ate so enormously that we were charged one and a half
rix-dollars each for our breakfast, being just three limes the
usual price. Wrote notes to L. Nordenschold and young
Damur, requesting aid lo procure lodgings, as we must other
wise go into the street at twelve. Neither of them came ;
but my indefatigable companion found two decent rooms,
at twenty-seven Tong Gatan, two stories up ! at ten rix-
doUars per week. More than double the price of Stockholm.
This place is just now very full of strangers, particularly
Enghsh. There were more than twenty of them in and out
of the room whUe we were breakfasting, God d — ning every
thing that was not exactly as in England.
Got settled in our quarters by one o'clock, and sent my
letters to the governor and lo others, with a card in each,
k la mode de Swedoise. A mode which I approve. Now
I engage that neither of the parties takes the least notice of
the letter or card. Sent my card also lo the Lieutenant N.
Called al Edou's, where I lodged on my arrival here from
England in May, to see the family. La beUe M. is much
altered. Very thin. Wrote to Captain Van Aulen and to
Grandborn by the maU. Took tea al seven, having dined
al our enormous breakfast. Our hostess speaks English,
being of an English mother. Is neat, active, obliging.
In the afternoon walked with Luning to the port, about
two English mUes. Missed the way and walked double the
distance. Laughed at Luning's distress at passing through
some Ul-looking alleys and streets. Sent card this evening,
with my address, to General Consul Gram, who is still here.
You may recollect that I saw him about ten days ago, and
that he undertook to procure passports for me from the Dan
ish government, lo be sent to Helsingbourg, so that I might
not be detained there.
8. Though I think it must be the ninth of October. Will
ask some learned man in the course of the day. Mr. Gogle,
of Frankfort, a very pleasant, well-bred young man, lodges

OF AARON BURR. 291
on the same floor with us ; claims my acquaintance, and is
extremely obliging. Sorti at ten lo find Daily. Got his
address. Wrote notes lo Dr. Shultzen, lo Gibson, and to
Damm, inquiring for letters. Verbal answers that they have
none. Our landlord is a bookbinder. Gave him all Ben
tham's small works and Panoplique lo bind. They had
suffered, and were in danger of being ruined. Yesterday
opened your picture. It is in perfect order. Luning's con
trivance had secured it completely from the dust. Since
opening it al Stockholm, I have carried it the whole way
(two hundred miles) on my lap. Indeed, madam, you gened
me not a litlle. You are now hung up in my room, so that
I can talk with you.
Walked lo the harbour at four. Met DaUy, and also the
captain with whom I came from Harwich. He seemed quite
alarmed, and looked about, the few minutes I detained him
to make some inquiries, as if he was afraid of being seen.
He has probably learned how dangerous, &c. The streets
of the lower town full of drunken Enghsh sailors. Home
at six. Luning came in al seven. His whole lime seems
to be employed in my concerns. He discovers my wants,
and, without saying a word lo me, makes them his own busi
ness. This afternoon he has procured me a travelling com
panion ; a German gentleman, who speaks the Swedish, go
ing to Copenhagen, and to set off on Tuesday, but will
wait a day or two for me if requisite ! He (Luning) has
also found Dutch ducats, for which I can exchange the small
sum of Swedish paper I have on hand.
On our arrival our passports were sent to the police for
inspection, as the law requires. They were brought back
this morning. The bearer demanded 36 sch. each for his
trouble. Apropos of passports. On our vvay from Stock
holm, at a town, a sentinel, rather harsh looking, stopped us
and demanded if we had passports. " Yes, sir," says Luning ;
and presenting a silver plate, the face of the sentinel relax
ed into complacency. He thanked us with earnestness, and
N 2

292 PRIVATE JOURNAL
wished us a pleasant journey. At another time we were
brought lo by a custom-house officer. In every town they
have a right to search your baggage for contraband goods.
L., who is never at a loss, presented a 12 sch. bill, which
satisfied the officer that we had nothing unlawful. Nor-
denshjold and Damm called this afternoon ; but from the
gentlemen lo whom I sent letters, not a word. N. and D.
something cooler. There is something in the atmosphere
which I have not yet discovered, and, probably, never shall.
10. At ten caUed on Mrs. Daily. She anticipated the
object of my visit (so far, I mean, as regards business) by of
fering her services lo take anything, parcels or letters, for
me to England. This is just what I wished, finding that I
must StiU disencumber myself of papers and small articles.
On her fidehty and punctuality I can rely. Sal an hour.
Home, and went to overhauling papers and baggage to see
what I could spare. A very embarrassing business. I can
never decide what to leave and what lo take. If you were
here — ah, why are you not ? — you would settle all this in a
single minute, and all would be right. But I take up a pa
per and hold it, turning and twisting it, for ten minutes, and
am still undecided. Already I have had occasion lo regret
the want of a paper which is among those sent off by Barry.
This makes me stUl more cautious and indecisive. If there
were an opportunity direct to the United States, I should be
at no loss. But there is no such thing, nor can I find any
mode of communication to you but through England; a
mode to which, you know, I have very serious objections.
At one P. M. walked to the harbour to hunt up the Ameri
cans who are here. Saw none of them, but got the names
of six captains. Not one of my acquaintance. Left my ad
dress for them at the tavern which is their rendezvous, and at
the same place consoled myself with bread and cheese, and
Swedish ale, 16 sch. At half past two went lo work again
at my papers, but made no progress.
Luning came in at five, having been running about, as

OP AARON BURR. 293
usual, for me. He walked to see Lehman, a Bremener,
who is to be my compagnon de voyage. It won't do. He
has a lady in charge, and wUl travel in a way which wiU
not suit me. He goes at four to-morrow morning. Will
forward a letter for me lo Hauterive. In our walk we met
a man of Luning's acquaintance whose name is Bollman ; a
circumstance I did not learn tiU we got home. Will see
him again lo inquire. L. and I agreed to treat ourselves to
a supper of oysters and Rhenish wine. Sent out for both.
Two bottles of wine cost three dollars. About a peck of
oysters, three dollars ; rather an extravagant meal. After
all was served, L., who had taken all the trouble, and af
fected to be very keen, acknowledged that he was unwell.
Could neither eat nor drink, and must go to bed, which he
did at seven. So you see all his zeal for the supper was to
gratify me. I made him drink a bottle of warm sangaree,
made of our wine. Made my supper. The oysters are very
small, generally of a greenish colour, and always a strong
coppery taste. Just hke the English. I tried them roasted
and raw, but could only get down nine. Of the wine I drank
two thirds of a bottle. Wrote very little to Hauterive, en
closing a copy of that which I wrote him from Stockholm,
and at half past ten took it lo Lehman's, but all were abed.
Knocked ; no answer, and so came off. Must be up at
four, to secure the conveyance of il.
11. At four made my own fire. Waked up the boy (a
beautiful lad of thirteen, son of the landlady) and sent him
with the letter. He found all asleep, and no signs of trav
elling. Al five he went again ; stUl asleep. Al seven found
a servant, who said that his master never got up lUl nine.
At nine sent him, and the letter was delivered. Walked
with Luning, who is quite well this morning. Called on
Lehman returning. He does not go till to-morrow.
A letter — a letter — a letter ! At a moment when I had
given up all expectation and even all hope ; at five P. M.
this same Tuesday, October 11, came in a taU, meager.

294 PRIVATE JOURNAL
well-dressed man, and asked if I were Colonel Burr. Yes.
He handed me a letter, superscribed in your handwriting.
It is your letter of August 1 . I could have kissed the fel
low. After reading it a few times, I went lo return the visit
of Dr. Shultzen, whom found at home. A modest man, of
good sense, and a countenance of goodness. Home at six.
Tea. Luning not come in, and now, at ten o'clock, I have
done nothing but write this. Your letter has discomposed
my projects a little ; but I shall persist in them, as you shall
see. Helsinghorg, October 21, 1809. Supped last night with
the beautiful famUy of Barque. Drank trop de vin, seeing
that I had dined with the governor ; was, in consequence,
obliged to sit up lUl three, smoking, and reading, and writing.
Having resolved lo be up early and off at nine, slept sound
till half past ten ! Called on the commandant, who com
ports with the utmost politeness. Will order a boat at any
hour. Desired it might be at two ; but the passports of Hen
dricks not having arrived, shall be obliged lo go alone. At
half past twelve got my breakfast, and went to packing up.
In the midst of it came in a very gentlemanly-looking man,
who introduced himself lo me as the Prussian consul at El-
sinore. Gave me most useful information. Had a special
favour to ask, to which agreed. Had just done packing,
when came in the visiting officer, whose duly il is lo inspect
the baggage, &c. Was sent by the governor, that I might
not have the trouble of sending my trunks to the custom
house, or opening them on the wharf. The examination
consisted in opening my trunks, and without moving an arti
cle he passed them, and then, receiving from me half a
doUar, retired "very pleasantly.
How fortunate is my long sleeping. The commandant
came in at half past two — " Good news for you. The pass
port of Hendricks is arrived, and he shall have mine in fif
teen minutes." A few minutes after he brought it, and
waited to escort me to the landing, and see rae safe aboard

op AARON BURR. 295
Heighho ! for another, and, nominally, a hostile kingdom.
Drizzling, fog, and brisk gale.
Elsinore, October 21. We crossed in an hour in a small
open boat, though the wind was strong ahead. Before leav
ing the Danish shore the sky cleared, and the sun shone
brilliant. Weather mild. At about one hundred yards from
the Danish shore were met by the Danish flag of truce, an
other boat like ours ; for the Swedish boat is not allowed to
approach nearer the shore. Each boat has a white flag lo
manifest the pacific intent. In the Danish boat we and our
baggage embarked, and were presently ashore. Another
boat took our passports to the Danish commandant at the
castle. The castle which has long levied tribute on all Eu
rope. We landed, leaving our baggage, and went under
guard lo the custom-house, where an officer examined our
passports, endorsed them, and transmitted us, under guard,
to the castle, about half a mile, where we were exhibited to
the commandant, an elderly man of grave but courteous de
portment. He asked, in French, if I were Colonel Burr.
I replied that I had no claim lo a miUtary title, but was com
monly so called. Asked me to sit. Inquired when I pro
posed to go lo Copenhagen. To-morrow, Said my pass
port should be transmitted to me that evening. Went then
to our proposed lodgings, Madame Juil's. At the door saw
carts loaded with furniture and much bustle. The good
lady had sold out, and was in the act of moving. In this
dilemma a sprightly young man interposed. Supposed we
were Americans ; offered to provide us lodgings, and in ten
minutes we were splendidly lodged chez Oder, a confec
tioner. Our new friend then went with us to see after our
baggage. Found il al the custom-house. Our trunks were
barely opened and shut. He paid the necessary (customa
ry) douceurs. Our baggage being lodged, he ordered lea,
al which we had the pleasure of his company. Inquired
what hour we should sup, and ordered supper. Told us the
wines were excellent, and ordered claret and port.

296 PRIVATE JOURNAL
It being a mild, brilliant, moonlight evening, he proposed
a walk to the king's garden and park adjoining the town,
and thither we went. The palace small, but neat and good
taste. About twenty or thirty statues in a circular area in
front, prettily disposed. The hiU and terrace in the rear,
something higher than the top of the palace, extends a con
siderable length, perhaps half a mile, and affords a magnifi
cent and varied view of the town, the castle, the ocean, the
Baltic, the Swedish coast, and the town of Helsinghorg.
Paused at the tomb of Hamlet. It is on this terrace; a
square pillar, about four feet high, and without inscription ;
the only monument. I would willingly have passed an hour
alone on this terrace. Returned by another gate. The
town very quiet. Our supper served at nine. Eels and
mutton, both excellent, and the wines did justice to his rec
ommendation, as he did to them. At half past ten he left us,
first inquiring at what hour in the moming he should call to
go and show us the church, which I had expressed a curios
ity to see. I appointed eight. My companion, Hendricks,
went to bed, and I sal till past twelve, smoking the segars
which our young friend had given me.
22. The coverture of my bed last nighl was a down (du
vet) bed, very light, but so intolerably hot that I was obliged
to dismiss it and get a blanket. Our friend came punctually
at the appointed time. We were at breakfast, and he joined
us, not having breakfasted. Went lo see the church. The
interior is Gothic, excessively surcharged with ornament
of all colours. The pictures in a very coarse style. Yet
there is a solemnity in these lofty arches which renders it
the best style of architecture for temples. The sexton could
tell nothing of the history of the church. Saw no date older
than three hundred years. Went up into the cupola. The
fog prevented seeing anything, and we had the pleasure of
coming down again, a dark, steep stairway, and sometimes
a ladder. Thence went to see the commandant, in which I
had several views, one of which was to get rid of the vexa-

OF AARON BURR. 297
tious ceremony of presentation at the police on my arrival
at Copenhagen. Was, of course, stopped by the sentinel at
the outer gate. Sent by a soldier my card, together with a
message that I was wailing for admission lo see him. Was
admitted and courteously received. Asked indirectly, and
with apologies, to see the apartments in the castle. He in
formed me that the whole was now a barracks, and the chapel
a magazine. That all the furniture and pictures were re
moved to Copenhagen. He walked with me through two
or three rooms, but with evident reluctance ; so, pretending
that my curiosity was quite satisfied, and having obtained
the promise of a letter, which, being shown to the police at
Copenhagen, would exonerate me from personal attendance,
I took leave.
One circumstance, however, did not quite please me.
When I was yesterday at the custom-house to exhibit my
baggage, the officer asked if I had any sealed letters. I
told him I had one of introduction from Baron Engerstrom
to Mr. Didelol, the French minister al Copenhagen. He
made no further inquiry, nor did he ask lo see this letter ;
but, having accidentally shown it to the commandant, he said
he was bound, by his orders, lo retain it, and lo transmit it
to the king ; but assured me that it would be forthwith de
livered, unopened, to its address. I had scarcely got home
when a sergeant brought me the promised letter from the
commandant, an open letter to be shown to the police.
We had engaged a carriage ; a long wicker wagon, with
seats on springs, for five dollars. The distance is about
twenty-six English miles. These five dollars are equal to
about one and a half of your money. Il was near twelve
before we were ready lo set off, and our young friendi
thought we had better eat a beefsteak, to prevent delay on
the road, and he ordered it. With the steak (which was
very good), potatoes, and porter, we made a hearty meal, and
he had the goodness to join us. Our bUl at this house was
twenty-two dollars and three marks. At twelve we set off.
N3

298

PRIVATE JOURNAL

The road is broad, straight, elevated, turnpiked, and requires
loll ; very small, however, about eight sli. for the whole dis
tance. The fog and mist prevented the enjoyment of dis
tant views. There is generally cultivation on each side.
Some heaths. Rather deficient in wood. Generally thin
soU, of sandy loam. Everywhere piles of turf dug up for
fuel. The fences of sod, with a small ditch on one or both
sides. In some places a substantial bank, like those on
your rice-plantations. No rocks or ridges ; few stones.
Few houses worthy of notice. Gentle swells and hiUs ;
some lofty. Frequently in view of the ocean on the left,
and several small lakes. At half way, a town, about sixty
houses in one street ; with few exceptions, of one story and
very low, called Amsterdam. Passed two manufactories,
one of cotton spinning, weaving, and printing. A palace of
the king a little this side of Amsterdam. It was dark be
fore reaching this city. Al the first gate our passports were
examined. Af the next, the custom-house officer visited our
baggage. Il was done with courtesy, and did not detain us
two minutes. Arrived at Raw's Hotel, in the Grand Square,
al seven. The approach to the city is very pretty ; for, not
withstanding the fog, the moon (nearly full) gave light
enough lo show us something. About a mile before reach
ing the walls of the town, on an extensive plain, you are pre
sented with three avenues through rows of trees. The
middle one was our road.
Copenhagen, October 23. No theatre was opened last
evening, nor was there any public amusement. After stroll
ing an hour, came home ; look tea as my supper ; engaged
a servant at three marks a day; not, however, to attend
,me exclusively. My room, a very large and elegant one on
the first floor, looks into the square, and it is again my good
fortune lo have a military parade and band of music under
my window in the morning. After breakfast sent cards to
Olsen, formerly minister plenipotentiary from this govern
ment to the United States, and to NaUsen, formerly judge in

OF AARON BURR. 299
Santa Cruz, who passed some time in New- York on his way
home. Both were abroad. Olsen at some distance at a
country seat. Sent also Baron Albedy'hll's letter to M. de
Coningk, conseiller d'etat, with card. Hearing that G. I,,
American consul for Rotterdam, lodged in this house, sent
my name by a servant.
Walked about town an hour or two. It is regularly laid
out on a plain. The harbour artificial, Very few vessels.
Houses almost universally of brick, but made white or
stone-coloured. Had a bowl of soup, with a bottle of Rhe
nish wine, in my room for dinner. In the afternoon took a
servant to pUot me to the Observatory. The height is said
to be one hundred and sixty feet, placed nearly in the centre
of the town, and affords a most perfect bird's-eye view of the
whole, with a prospect of the ocean ; a fine landscape in the
interior; the palace of Fredericksborg, placed on an emi
nence, and the Swedish coast. The ascent lo the lop is sin
gular ; not by steps, but an inclined plane, peved with brick.
Il is said that a former king drove up with a coach and four,
which is very practicable, till you come within about ten
feet of the summit, where you have steps. But how the
king got back is not said, for it is utterly impossible to turn.
Paid one mark, and one more to my conductor.
25. Al ten to Coningk's. It is an immense house, and
everything in a style of great elegance. Thence to return
the visit of the Prussian consul, about one mUe, being just
without the walls on the road to Elsinore, Not al home;
but his wife, whom I met in the court, on seeing my card,
introduced me to her sister and daughter, and proposed a
walk in the garden. It is prettily laid out, and contains
many acres. An avenue extending in a straight line to the
sea about one quarter of a mUe, Madame a very pleasing,
well-behaved woman. Home at twelve. Walked over the
ruins, of which a part is the magnificent church of  , the
most splendid in the city, and containing many monuments
of kings and great men. The walls and the roof are stand-

300 PRIVATE JOURNAL
ing. To a bookseUer's, where, on entering, I was caUed by
my name. In a town of this size, about eighty thousand
inhabitants, a stranger is immediately known. Home, and
wrote a short letter to Luning, A very short and unsatis
factory one, not having procured for him the mercantUe in
formation which I had promised ; but, indeed, I have tried,
Al two Hend, actually set off, having been on the point of
starting since eight this morning. Sold a doubloon for forty-
eight rix-dollars. The money here, as in Sweden, is paper,
but still more depreciated than there, A guinea is worlh
sixteen dollars. Prices have not advanced quite in the same
proportion ; so that, lo one having gold or credit in Ham
burgh, living is very cheap, as you shall see.
In the evening the maid, at the usual hour, brought lea,
but in a very unusual style, A splendid tea-service of silver
and two cups, I asked why she brought two cups, I being
alone. She said, with perfect simplicity, and without any
smile or queer iooks, that she supposed madame would have
stayed to tea.
26, Sat up till one last evening, being a little out of hu
mour with Gamp, Made some pious resolutions. At ten
to leave a card for the French minister, Mon. Didelot, In
country ; not having yet returned to town. Perhaps I have
not told you that the commandant at Elsinore retained En
gerstrom's letter lo Didelot, He said he was expressly
bound by his orders to do so, I learned yesterday that the
letter had been delivered. All letters coming in or going
out must be examined by the police, I went there (lo the
police-office) yesterday with my letter for Hauterive, which
was examined and sealed with their seal, which is a warrant
to the postoffice to receive and forward it. My letter being
in English, and written stylographically, was not very legible,
as you know. Yesterday, too, I went with Hendricks lo the
museum, of which more another lime. Paid for the parly
three dollars. Remember, when dollars are mentioned in
'Denmark, it means the paper doUar, as before explained.

OF AARON BURR, 301
At three went to De Coningk's to dine. Found there the
son heretofore mentioned ; a very sensible and well-bred
man, speaking perfectly well French and English ; his wife
ditto ; her sister ; two daughters of Professor Puerari, Gene-
Yois, a man of very prepossessing manners and appearance.
The dinner good and abundant. No troublesome stiffness or
forms. All rose at once. After coffee and lea, home al seven.
Had scarcely got home before Hosack and Robinson came
in, I was, indeed, very glad lo see them. You may recol
lect that we parted on the 2d of October, They brought
me a letter from Luning; a most affectionate letter, but
something more ; enclosing a draught on his correspondent at
Hamburgh for one thousand marks ! Did you ever hear of
anything to equal this .except in novels ? I am quite em
barrassed what lo do. In the evening, to my great surprise,
and uninvited, tapped gently at my door Tempe. You know
I never disappoint people if I can help it.
With great trepidation I opened the picture on Sunday
morning. It has suffered no injury. Il hangs in my room ;
but I am quite out of humour that my visiters have expressed
only commonplace admiration. La jeune M'Ue, de Coningk
has expressed a desire to see it, and thither you go to
morrow, 27, You must know, madam, that the king and queen are
expected to arrive at Fred, to-morrow, and to make formal
entre in town on Saturday, There are to be great doings.
M. de Coningk called this morning lo propose to take me to
Mr, de Hellfried's this evening, who would invite me to take
my stand at his house on Saturday, as being a most eligible
spot for seeing the procession. Agreed, Mr, de H, is com
mander of the order of Danbrog, and one of his daughters,
Madame Schlezel, is author of a Treatise on Neutral Rights,
which I read some three or four years ago with great pleas
ure and approbation.
Walked about town this forenoon. It is very handsome,
but of this more anon. Have tried in vain to hire a valet de

302 PRIVATE JOURNAL
place, my Mons. Thomas being of no use to me. He gets
drunk before dinner, Al seven Mr. De C. called, and we
went to Mr. De Hellfried's. There was Schlezel, daughter
of D'C. I did not at first recognise her, nor did I after
ward alone for it. She stayed but a few minutes. A bonnet
and change of dress disguised her. At dinner, yesterday,
was much pleased with her. Will atone the first oppor
tunity. Stayed about an hour. Schlezel just such a man as
I wished and expected to find. Apparently about forty-four.
Mr. Hellfried lent me a book, of which he is the author —
" A Survey of the British Attack on Denmark in 1807." I
read about one hundred pages. Il is written with a genuine
patriotic enthusiasm.
28. Went this afternoon to see the king's library ; three
hundred thousand volumes ! Deemed the third in Europe.
There are reading-rooms and fires. Catteau says this library
was burned in 1794. Not a book. The librarian extremely
civU ; no pay. Called al De Coningk's. Was received by
madame with very engaging frankness and ease. Got some
books, and he sent his servant for others for me from the
king's library. Had scarcely got home, when Puerari called
on me. We walked to see the library of Classenborg, about
which I have a pretty story to tell you. This library is con
fined to natural history and botany, and is magnificent in
those departments. It is in care of Professor Ramus, to
whom I was there introduced. He tendered himself to go
with me on Sunday to the palace of Rofen, and to show me
the collection of coins and medals, which is said to be splendid.
I shaU make some addition to Gampy's stock here. You can't
think what trouble the little varlel has brought me into. Hav
ing on my arrival inquired where some coins and medals
could be had, it was immediately noised about that I was a
medal and coin hunter, and scientific, of course, in medalogy.
Puerari introduced me as such to Ramus, for which I could
have boxed him.
Dined lo day, for the first time, at the table d'hote, and

OP AARON BURR. 303
am so well pleased witl\ the company that shall dine there
henceforth when not engaged abroad. At six walked out lo
see the illuminations and fireworks at the palace of Freder
icksborg (about one and a half miles), on occasion of the ar
rival of the king and queen. You must know that the queen
has been passing some months (ever since the death of the
late king) with her father in Holstein, and has never yet been
seen here as queen, which is the cause of all this stir. And
so il happened that we aU, about twenty thousand of us,
came back as we went ; the king and queen had not arrived ;
there was neither Uluminalion nor fireworks ; we were all
quite sad. The report is, that the king cannot get across
the belt — a cause, the British fleet.
29. Got another servant (Myer) at one dollar per day ; but
wholly to myself. This partnership in servants won't do al
all. Myer is a dignified German of seventy-two. Was in
the United States' war, and has been twenty-five years in
England. His last service was with the Russian minister.
Sent Myer with a note to G. H. Olsen, brother of the late
minister, to inquire of the latter. Received a very civil note
in reply, saying that B. Olsen was in the country ; but wife
and daughters in town, and would be happy to see me.
Went off forthwith to see them. Madame is perfectly well
preserved ; a sensible, ladylike woman. The daughters very
well. Mr, G, H. O. tendered all sorts of civilities,
30. Catteau says that it rains usually every day of Octo
ber in Zealand. Since I landed at Elsinore, I forget when,
but you may see by looking back, it has been every day
fine lUl Friday last, excepting only the day I came from El
sinore to this place. But, since Thursday, we have not seen
sun or moon. A constant fog, and, generally, mist so heavy
as to wet you,
Called*at D'C.'s ; the king and queen have arrived on the
Island of Zealand, Will be this night at Fredericksborg, and
to-morrow make their entre in town, G. H. Olsen called
this morning ; and at twelve. Professor Ramus, by appoint-

304 PRIVATE JOURNAL
ment, to visit the collection of coins and medals at Rosenborg.
This palace was built by Charles IV. or V., I forget which,
and is al one end of the gardens, which are open to the
public as a promenade. The palace and the garden are in
the same enclosure. A wood extending the length of the
garden, and about one hundred yards wide.
The coUection is immense. Rumour says forty thou
sand, being in value and number next lo those of Paris and
Vienna. The coins of all times and all nations. Europe,
Asia, America, and from the early days of Athens. Several
of Alexander and Philip. Most of them are described in a
work printed at the expense of the government, three im
mense volumes in folio, and sold for an inconsiderable price.
The Flora Danica is published and sold in like manner.
Being with the professor, paid nothing. In the evening lo
Fredericksborg, a very muddy walk of more than two Eng
lish miles. The park and gardens must be about one hun
dred acres. Water, bridges, fountains ; the effect (of the
illumination) in some places pretty, but nowhere answering
my expectations. Almost total want of music. The crowd
such that one was in a constant struggle. The sentinels on
each side prevented any one from going out of the walks.
Got home at ten.
31. At eleven to Olsen's. Met Blicker Olsen, who looks
as well as when in the United States, though complaining of
very bad health. Received me civUly and kindly. Has no
establishment in town, and a very plain one in the country.
Their house and furniture were burned during the English
siege. Madame stayed in the house till it was in flames.
Fifty-two balls and shells had come into it whUe she re
mained there. Hundreds of famUies have been ruined by
that infernal siege. Dined at De C.'s ; nothing very remark
able. The widow Clermenli has announced her. intended
marriage with Mr.  , a gentleman about ten years her
junior. She is stiU handsome and desirable, though a grand
mother.

OF AARON BURR. 305

TO MR. HAUTERIVE. Gottenburg, September 10, 1809.
You are doubtless informed of the events which have in
duced me to travel, and, possibly, of the indignities which I
suffered in England. I have been among the kind and ami
able Swedes about five months, quietly and pleasantly.
Nothing can be finer than their summer ; but the winter I
dread, and am just now going lo Hamburgh, by way of Co
penhagen. It is my wish to visit Paris, to see the people
and the things of which all the world talk so much ; to see
you and a few others. I have a tale lo teU at which you
wiU laugh, though at my expense. If there should be no
objection, procure passports to be transmitted to Hamburgh,
to the care of Mr. Nalzel, whose address is underneath, and
where I shall wait long enough to admit of your reply and
no longer. Thence I propose to go to Berlin (to pass there
two or three days), to see the city and Humboldt. You
may also address me one line to Berhn, to the care of your
minister there.
I should have written also to Adet, lest you might be out
of the way ; but, looking over the Almanac Imperial for this
year, and not finding his name, am apprehensive that he has
either retired to the country, or gone on a very long voyage,
which God avert, for I really love him. You must not lose
a day in writing to me, or your letter may not find me in
Hamburgh. A. Burr.
TO MR. GRAM.
Stocliholm, September 12, 1809.
Having proposed to visit Copenhagen from motives of cu
riosity and amusement, and it being understood that persons
passing thither by way of Helsinghorg are liable lo deten
tion at the last-mentioned place until permission can be had
from the Danish government, I take the liberty of requesting
that you would have the goodness to apply for a passport

306 PRIVATE JOURNAL
for me, lo be transmitted to the Swedish governor at Hel
singhorg, lo whom I am addressed by his excellency the
Baron d'Engerstrom, The baron has also given me a letter
to the minister of France resident at Copenhagen, My
passport from this government is herewith transmitted for
your inspection ; and I also enclose an extract of a letter
from the Swedish consul at New-York to Professor Gahn
of this city, which the professor has just now transmitted to
me for this purpose.
To leave no doubt, however, as to my country and the
identity of my person, it may be proper further to add, that
I am personally well known lo Mr, Olsen, formerly minister
of his Danish majesty to the United States, Also to Mr,
NaUson, who held some judicial office in Santa Cruz, and to
the military commandant in the same island ; as well as to
many other of the subjects of his Danish majesty, to whom
my house at New-York was always open,
Messrs, WUliam A, Hosack and Thomas Robinson, both
natives of New- York and citizens of the United Slates, will
accompany me. We shall lake no servant, I offer apologies
for this trouble, and assurances of respectful consideration.
A. Burr.
TO MR. GRAM.
Stockholm, September 17, 1809.
It may be extremely material lo me lo be described in
the passport as " a citizen of the United States of America."
As the fact of my being a citizen of the United States is
known to you through the consul, H. Gahn, in a manner
which may be deemed official, I take the liberty of request
ing that it may be inserted. As to my young friends Hosack
and Robinson, if their citizenship should not be thought to
be sufficienlly attested by that which I have had the honour
lo write lo your excellency respecting them, there are many
persons now present who will certify the fact in any form
which may be prescribed. I beg pardon for this further
intrusion on your lime. A. Burr,

OP AARON BURR. 307
P.S. The two American savages will herewith present
themselves. The elder, the blackest, the taUest, &c., nomme
Hosack. The other, younger and less black, Robinson.
They are so far tamed as not to bile, unless greatly excited
by some strong passion, as love or anger. They will receive
your commands for me, and I pray that you will allow them
to see you and M'Ue.  , that ihey may have something lo
talk about when they get home.
I am still lingering and uncertain of the day of departure.
Certainly not more distant than Sunday. Perhaps I may
see you again at Drottingholm. A. Burr.
TO BARON d'eNGERSTROM. Stockholm, September 17, 1809.
It being found impracticable to obtain a passage direct to
any convenient part of Germany, I have determined to go
by way of Denmark. My route will be through Carlstadt,
Gottenburg, Helsinghorg, Copenhagen, Hamburgh to Ber
lin. William A. Hosack and Thomas Robinson, two young
Americans, now in this city, will accompany me. Robinson
is a merchant ; has served in ihe army, but has now no
particular occupation. He is my constant attendant. They
are both of respectable families and irreproachable char
acters, and known to me to be natives of the City of New-
York and citizens of the United States. Permit me to ask
passports for them also.
Baron de Brinkman, in a passport which I received from
him in London, was pleased to describe me as " Colonel in
the army of the United States." Having long since resigned
that rank and title, I should prefer to be designated as Mr.
Burr, or by name only.
I propose to leave town on Wednesday evening. To
pass three or four days in Gottenburg, and thence to Copen
hagen, with as httle delay as possible. It would afford me
very great satisfaction lo be in any way useful to this gov
ernment or to your excellency in the course of this lour.
A. Burr.

308 PRIVATE JOURNAL
FROM LE BARON d'aLBEDy'hLL.* September 24, 1809,
J'ai I'hr. de vous retourner sous ce pli la feuUle Ameri-
caine, donl j'ai tire tout le parti, dont je I'ai trouve suscep
tible. Pour donner au moins quelque complement h. mes no
tions Helos ! Ires incompletes sur les evenemenls si inleres-
sants de voire vie publique, failes moi la grace, monsieur,
je vous en conjure, de marquer sur une petite feuille h. part :
Le jour et I'amiee de voire naissance aussi bien que le lieu.
Les dates de voire affaire avec M. Hamilton,
Celles de voire presidence au Senat, ausi que del epoque
ou vous etiez vice-president du Congres, et enfin del affaire
du Mexique. Vous voyez, monsieur, que je ne vous de-
mande que des donnees chronologiques, el c'esl pour compte
ce serdient des detaUs sur les memes objels si vous voulez,
mais dans un lout autre.
En attendant je vous prierai de m'attendez plus que tout
cela, c'est la faveur de voire amitee, et de votre souvenir ! et
je vous offre en retour I'hommage de la consideration et de
I'attachment les plus sinceres ; qui vont vous suivre en tout
sens, jusque dans Vautre monde !
Le Bar, D'Albedy'hll,
* TRANSLATION.
FROM LE BAKON d'ALBEDY'HLL. September 24, 1809.
I have the honour to return, under this envelope, the American Journal, from
which I have taken everything which it could afford. To give some finish to my
ideas, which are quite indistinct, of the very interesting events of your life, I beg
you will do me the favour to put down for me :
The day, year, and place of your birth. The date of your affair with Mr. Ham
ilton, and that of your presidency of the Senate, as also the epoch in which you
were the vice-president of Congress ; and, finally, the date of your Mexican affair.
You perceive I do not ask mere chronological data; but I ask for the sake of a
friend who intends to adorn with these details his historical annals. If I dare to
ask anything on my own account, it would be details on the same subjects, but
in quite another sense. In the mean while, I beg you to grant — more than all I
have asked — the favour of your friendship and your recoUection. I offer in re
turn the homage of the most sincere esteem and attachment, which will ac
company you to the other world. Le Bar. D'Albedy'hll.

OP AARON BURR. 309

TO A. E, AFZELIUS, Stockhohn, September 24, 1809.
After the lapse of a month, it may be fairly presumed that
you have got to Upsala without passing through Stockholm,
I cannot express to you my regret at this disappointment.
You replied to all my inquiries with so much intelligence and
perspicuity, and with such inexhaustible good-humour, that
I was encouraged to meditate stUl farther trials of your
temper and patience. In truth, I had prepared a long list of
queries, with which you would have been assailed the mo
ment you returned. This you have escaped; but not
wholly, for some of them will be found in this letter. First,
however, of your pecuniary claims. It was abominable to
run off and leave me so much your debtor. Let me know
the amount by return of mail, and to whom here it may be
paid. Considering the multiplicity of your professional and offi
cial engagements, it would be unreasonable lo expect writ
ten answers to questions respecting the jurisprudence of the
country. In this important branch I must grope my way as
well as I can without you. The following wUl be less
troublesome :
1st. The dates and names of persons and places of the
two cases which you mentioned of exemplary punishment
inflicted for violation of the personal liberty of two obscure
individuals. 2d. Dates and names of persons and places connected
with the interesting narrative which you gave me of the late
revolution. I do not ask you to repeat the facts, having a
pretty distinct recoUection of them.
3d. Names of the persons we saw at Dannemour, not for
getting the singers and dancers.
4th. Our route from Upsala to this place.
5lh. If any of your clerks should have leisure to copy
from your ancient edition of the laws a few of the most cu-

310 PRIVATE JOURNAL
rious articles, which you would point out, it would gratify
me much. You may recollect lo have read and translated
for me several clauses, at which we laughed heartily.
An edition of your laws was published by direction of
Charles IX. in 1608; can you advise me where in Stock
holm or Gottenburg that edition can be had ?
In case you should not have lime to answer the whole of
this letter by return of mail, I pray you lo answer at least
so much as regards our money concerns, that I may leave
town with a clear conscience. Your reply to the residue of
the letter may then be addressed to me al Gottenburg,
where I shall be unavoidably detained several days.
I wrote about eight days ago lo the director, P. Afzelius,
but have not the satisfaction of an answer. I shall leave
town on Thursday. Present my most respectful compli
ments to your lovely wife, and accept assurances of the great
confidence and esteem with which I am your friend,
A. Burr.

TO MADAME

Stockholm, September 26, 1809.
How these French and English, one by land and the other
by water, do torment the whole world. But we quiet folks
must subriiil and conform. The interruption of intercourse
between Sweden and all the ports under French control has
obliged me lo alter my plans. I continue, however, in the
determination of seeing something of Germany. My route
is to Gottenburg, Helsinghorg, Copenhagen, Hamburgh,
Berlin. Thence as objects may invite and whim direct.
Probably to Dresden, Wiemar, Frankfort. By objects is
meant, principally, animated objects. Your advice would
have influence ; "your," that is, all three of you, but emi
nently your individual self; for which I humbly beg pardon
of  .
Be very careful what you write. Every letter is liable to
inspection. One indiscreet expression might expose your

OF AARON BURR. 311
letters to be burned, and perhaps me with them. Avoid ev
erything having reference lo politics, and there is no danger.
It would relieve me from much solicitude to hear that
Madame  was well, or, at least, convalescent. I go on
Wednesday evening. God ever bless you all. I do not
say adieu, entertaining a hope of saying that in person.
A. Burr.
TO MR. LUBERT. Stockholm, September 26, 1809.
My northern tour was protracted far beyond the period I
had prescribed for myself. On my return your obliging let
ter consoled me, in some degree, for the loss of your society.
I am exceedingly pleased and flattered by so kind a token
of your recollection. Il is with extreme regret that I aban
don the hope of visiting Petersburgh ; but the silence of the
Count Romzoff is an indication that my presence is not de
sired, perhaps that it would not be suffered.
I have, therefore, resolved to go to Berlin by the circuitous
route of Copenhagen, and shall, on the 30th, leave Stockholm
for Gottenburg. It would gratify me very much, on my ar
rival in Berlin, to find there a letter from you, informing me
of your safe arrival, and of any good fortune which may
have occurred to you.
You are recoUected with great interest by the family with
which you last lodged in this city, and particularly by la
charmante  . A. Burr.
TO BARON d'aLBEDy'hLL. Stockholm, September 30, 1809.
I am perfectly sensible, my dear baron, to the friendly
motives which have produced your inquiries ; and it would
afford me pleasure to be able to satisfy a curiosity with
which I have so much reason to be flattered. But if other
circumstances did not forbid, il would, at this juncture, be
impossible, being on the eve of my departure, and surrounded

312 PRIVATE JOURNAL
by trifling but indispensable occupations. The imperfect
notes I might now make would lead only to error and con
fusion. To convince you, however, of my entire confidence, and
of my disposition to gratify your wishes, I will call on you
this afternoon, and give such explanations as the time and
the nature of the subjects may permit. Be assured always
of my very great respect and attachment. A. Burr.
TO HENRY GAHN, SWEDISH CONSUL, NEW-YORK.
Gottenburg, October 12, 1809.
The enclosed was put into my hands very long ago, as
you will perceive from its date ; but I was told it was most
material that it go safe ; so I have used the freedom to keep
it till now, not having before found an opportunity which I
thought safe.
I landed here about the 2d of May, and went directly to
Stockholm, by way of Westeras, north of Lake Malaren.
In Stockholm and its vicinity I passed nearly three months.
Two more in visiting various parts of the country, particu
larly Upsala and Dannemour, which was my farthest point
north. I have never known, in any country or at any lime,
five months of weather so uniformly fine. The excellence
of the roads has been a constant subject of admiration to
me ; much superior to those of England, and all free of toll.
In travelling more than twelve hundred English miles, I
have never found a bridge out of order, nor an obstruction in
the road which could retard your progress for a second.
There is no country in which travelling is at once so cheap,
expeditious, and secure. All travellers have borne testi
mony to Swedish honesty, but no one has attempted to dis
cover the cause of a distinction so honourable.
I have sought for it in their laws, in their social and mu
nicipal institutions, particularly in the judicial department.
There is no country with whose jurisprudence I am ac
quainted in which personal liberty is so well secured ; none

OP AARON BURR. 313
in which the violation of il is punished with so much cer
tainly and promptitude ; no one in which civil justice is ad
ministered with so much despatch and so litlle expense.
These are strong assertions, but I shall bring with me the
proofs. Il is surprising, it is unaccountable, that a system
differing so essentially from every olher in Europe, and so
fraught with valuable matter, should have remained to this
day locked up in the Swedish and Ruric tongues, and that
not the slightest information on this interesting subject could
be found either in English or French. I should have
thought that some Swede, from national pride if not from
philanthropy, would have diffused the knowledge of them
throughout Europe. •
It would require volumes to give you an account of the
persons and the things which I have seen and thought wor
thy of notice. An imperfect sketch is preserved in a jour
nal which I have kept for the amusement of my daughter ;
and which, if il should ever reach America, shall be offered
to your perusal. I hasten to topics nearer my heart — the
attentions and kindness of your friends.
The doctor met me with that ingenuousness and courtesy
which put us at once at ease with each other. I have been
domesticated in his house both in town and country. (Ek-
lund, near Carlburg.) He keeps the best table in Stockholm.
I doubt whether even the king has so choice a collection of
wines. At his house one is always sure to find a circle of
the best society. Your relations, the Hochschilds, must
have been quite children when you left the country. Of
these three lovely women, the elder married, about four
years ago, the young Baron Hjerla, who now directs the
finances, under what title of office I forget. Much is ex
pected from his genius and knowledge, and the expectation
will not be disappointed. The youngest married, in April
last, Poppius, then lagman (a superior office of the law) of
a province on the Moelas, lately advanced to the dignity of
Tushtice Rad (a still higher degree). I am indebted to him
Vol. I.— O

314 PRIVATE JOURNAL
for the greater portion of my small stock of Swedish juris
prudence. The single sister will, if I mistake not, soon be
married to a very accomplished young man, whose name I
cannot, at this moment, recall. Two of these women are
called beautiful, even in this land of beauty. Colonel Gahn
is a Danish prisoner, taken two years ago in Norway, but in
Stockholm on parole. He distinguished himself very much
by a daring and successful enterprise in the late war in Fin
land. It is expected that he wUl be ennobled as soon as he
shall be exchanged or peace takes place. His brother-in-
law is stUl governor of Dalecarlia — Gahn, of Fahlun, the
capital of Dalecarlia. The brother of the doctor is a mem
ber of le Chambre des Bourgeois, and of most predominant
influence. His son is in the CoUege of Mines. He devoted
himself lo my amusement. All your family favoured the
late revolution. Hjerla was a principal projector and leader.
I am furnished with the details of those events by one of the
conspirators. Among those, not of your family, from whom I received
attentions, I ought particularly lo distinguish Baron d'Enger
strom, Ministre des Affaires Etrangeres, and Baron Mancke,
Premier Marechal du Palais. You wiU be surprised lo hear
that this last stUl retains his office. Engerstrom made it
his duty to take care that I should everywhere be well re
ceived, and have the means of gratifying my curiosity.
I have much to tell you of the affectionate inquiries which
have been made after you ; but the letters of Dr. Gahn and
of his son will have, in part, anticipated me, and the residue
must be deferred till the next occasion. I began this in
tending lo write you a great deal ; but had not written ten
lines before a number of letters from England and America,
arrived by the packet this day, were handed to me. They
are the first, the only letters which I have received since
leaving London, and they claim my immediate attention.
The packet which takes this wUl sail to-morrow. To-mor
row, also, I proceed to Copenhagen, and thence to see some-

OF AARON BURR. 315
thing of Germany. Letters for me may be enclosed to
William Graves, No 18 WaUbrook, London. He will be
possessed of my address, and know how to communicate
with me.
Dr. Gahn retains perfect health, and aU the cheerfulness
and activity of youth. I enclose two pictures of him (a very
fine likeness), one for yourself, the olher lo be transmitted
to my daughter. I was making a collection of recent pub
lications on political subjects for you (the liberty of the press
being now perfect) ; but, having consulted the doctor, he and
his son undertook the charge. They have put up a very
large parcel, from which you may promise yourself great
amusement. The parcel will go to London by Captain
Barry, of New-York, who was just about to sail when I left
Stockholm. You see that I claim part of the merit. The
diet are doing good, as you will see from these commu
nications. Peace with Russia is not finally ratified. Over-
lures have been made by Denmark, and negotiations will
soon be commenced. Austria will again try the fate of war.
The conduct of Russia is al least equivocal.
Having time to write only a short note to my daughter, I
must ask of you to transmit lo her that which I have written
to you, or a copy of it. Apologize for me lo Mrs. B. that
I do not now write to her.
Adieu, my dear sir. I am indebted to .you for the amuse
ment and instruction which I have found in this country ;
which, but for you, I should not have visited. I leave it
with regret, bearing the most pleasing recollections of its
hospitalities, and with indelible sentiments of admiration and
respect. A. Burr.
TO THEODOSIA. Gottenburg, October 13, 1809.
I arrived here on the seventh, on my way lo Copenhagen,
and am this day made happy, very happy, by the receipt of
your letter of the first of August. The first, the only letter
02

316 PRIVATE JOURNAL
from you since I left London. It would seem as if, by con
cert, we had both been silent for five months. A safe con
veyance to London is unexpectedly found at the moment I
am going off; and, being overwhelmed with all those vexa
tious occupations which are incident lo the hours just pre
ceding a removal, I can only thank you, most cordially
thank you. Tell the boy how much I am delighted to hear
of his progress. I beg him to make haste to learn Latin,
for I want him to translate for me a Latin book which I have
bought here for our amusement and instruction.
Our amiable friend, the consul Gahn, will forward you a
letter which I write lo him by this opportunity, together
with a picture of my learned and good friend, his relation
I'Assesseur Gahn (commonly called Dr. Gahn). The doctor
has most faithfully fulfilled the injunctions of the consul as
respects me. He devoted himself lo my amusement, and
^with success, for he is justly held in the highest estimation.
It is impossible not lo love and admire the character of this
people. Honesty is not a virtue here ; it is a mere habit.
Coming from England, where no vigilance can secure you
against fraud and theft, it is like passing to another planet
to travel in this, where you sleep in security without a latch
to your door; where you may send your trunk, without
a lock, to any distance, without hazard, though driven by a
child, often a litlle girl, at all hours of night, in their little
open chairs. This circumstance, the beauty of their roads,
being everywhere like that from New- York lo Harlem,
and the kindness and cheerful good-humour with which you
are everywhere received, render travelling very pleasant in
this country. Il is also the cheapest in the world. A horse
and chair, with driver, costs less than three cents per Eng
lish mile, and no toll.
The picture is safe, though il has encountered great haz
ards. It has been greatly admired al Stockholm, where
for some weeks I left it with Breda, a celebrated painter,
who has varnished and put it in frame. There, amid a gal-

OF AARON BURR, 317
axy of Swedish beauty, and I have nowhere seen a greater
proportion than at Stockholm, it was distinguished, and did
honour to ihe subject, lo the artist, and to me, Breda, who
is not only an artist, but a man of erudition, of sensibility, of
taste, and fashion, said some things which I have no lime -
now lo repeat, but which you will find in my journal ; Mat
journal goes on toujours, but very irregularly ; sometimes a
great deal, and sometimes, and when most was lo be said —
nothing. I keep it with me, but my letter-books and other
papers I have sent lo England. This reminds me lo tell
you that my trunk, of the loss of which you was advised in
my letter from this place in May, was found by the indefat
igable zeal of a Swedish lad, who, firmly believing that the
English were all thieves, went, without my knowledge or
order, searched the packet in which I came, there found it,
buried under old junk and cordage, and brought it up with
the double triumph of having restored my properly and re
deemed the honour of his country, for my suspicions bad
unjustly fastened on a Swede.
TeU my little Gampy that I have bought a parcel of beau
tiful medals for him of the distinguished personages and
events of this country. That which will please him most is
one of Charles XII., when a boy of twelve years. These
I must bring myself, for my shipments to you both have been
very unfortunate.
I have again seen 60,* of whom I have so often written
to you. He is quite resolved to remove to the United States,
and establish himself there ; perhaps al Charleston. You
will know how lo prepare for his reception. Mrs. F. would
be useful to him ; but there is no doubt he will succeed. It
was formerly suggested lo you lo write something to 85 — 87,
and lo the Corn Doctor.f The expediency is left lo your
discretion. He will not be addressed to 62, nor count on
him. I wish to say more, but in this way and at this mo
ment cannot; and, besides, as I have never a good idea
* Aaron Burr. t Dr. Eustis.

318 PRIVATE JOURNAL
which does not occur to you first, il is deemed unnecessary.
By him you will receive the journal,
I am very much pleased lo learn that you have engaged
in the translation of " Principes," If you persevere, as I
have no doubt, the venerable author wiU transmit to you all
the original papers, I have written to my friend, near 75,
and, on receipt of a proper reply, advising me of his exist
ence and good-will, shall make him a visit; a very short
one, however, I desire, I command you, lo pass a few days
in Charleston this winter.
With your letter came one from a gentleman who had
lately seen the person to whom you have once or twice
written about those funds. That person professed inviola
ble friendship ; said that he had paid the money, but that
the agent who received il might have been treacherous.
Write E, A, to sift this matter. Write at the same time, as
by my order, so much of this letter as may interest him.
When you write to Consul Gahn, let him know how much
he has served and obliged me. He will know how to for
ward your letters. But if there should be an opportunity
direct from Charleston lo England, endorse lo Wm, Graves,
No, 18 WaUbrook, London, who wUl always have my ad
dress. A. Burr.
EXTRACT.  TO COLONEL BURR.
Gottenburg, October 21, 1809.
" It may very easy be the case, that by the behaviour of
your agent, who took the  rix-doUs., or by the interrup
tion of correspondence between Germany and England, you
may come in any embarrassment, I lake myself the liberty
to send you the enclosed letter, at the producing of which
Mr. H. Brauer will pay you one thousand marks, Ham
burgh currency, which you'll please lo reimburse when you
arrive in England or America.
" I cannot leU you how much I am thankful to Providence
for having given me the pleasure to get acquainted with a

op AARON BURR, 319
man whom I admired long ago, I esteemed you before,
now I love you, Diedr, Luning."*
JOURNAL,
Rochild, Novemher 8, 1809, The ancient, not, however,
the most ancient, residence of the kings of Denmark, To
Madame Wederkop, Gave her in charge my letter to
Luning. To A, B. Rothe, with whom half an hour about
committees, council, &c. A very prompt, intelligent, com
municative man, about forty-six. He is to address to me at
Hamburgh his reply to my queries, Al one were ready
and embarked on our journey, Hosack, Robinson, and self.
The mode of traveUing is in a long wagon. The body
wickerwork. No springs ; but the seals with cushions and
backs, hung on leather. The road is paved with pebbles,
like the streets in our towns. The promise of three marks
above the customary fare lo the driver brought us on very
briskly. With four fine, large black horses, we performed
this stage in three hours ; the distance about twenty-one
English miles. After rising and descending the hill on
which is the palace of Fredericksborg, the whole is almost
a plain. Many village churches ; all low, and with a square
tower at one end, interspersed with those little hills which
are called barrows — places of interment at a period beyond
tradition or record. At one lime I counted thirteen in
view. These, and those I have seen in Sweden, resemble
those which we have seen on the Ohio, the Mississippi, and
the Missouri. We dined at Taaslrup ; an excellent dinner ;
our drink was a kind of light ale. This repast for us three,
including drink for our coachman, cost about one doUar
United Stales' money. Very soon after leaving Taaslrup
we had in view the turrets of the ancient Cathedral of Ro
child. We are lodged in a neat, comfortable inn. A widow
lady, two smUing maids, so like Swedes that we cannot be
lieve they are Danes. * See Journal, p. 301.

320 PRIVATE JOURNAL
On my arrival called on Professor Gamberg, and showed
him Olsen's note. He returned with me lo the inn. He
has notified the sexton to be ready to show us the cathedral
at eight in the morning. This is the object of my staying
here to-night. I must see the tomb and bust of Marguerite,
caUed the Semiramis of the North. The whole expense of
travelling this day, for three of us, is about twelve shillings
sterling. Gluckstadt, November 18. We were taken this morn
ing lo see Le haul Chancellier de Holstein, le Baron some
thing, which shall be found out and told anon. It seems we
had already been announced, for his excellency knew all
about us. We were received very courteously ; and, under
standing that we were to leave town to-morrow, asked us to
dine to-day en famille. Agreed. We went at half past
two, and found there a literary man of modest, intelligent
appearance, whose name I regret to have lost. The chancel
lier appears about forty-seven ; small, meager, but sprightly,
courteous, and sensible ; something like Mr. Madison in ap
pearance. A la Swedoise, we all stood and said our grace ;
and after dinner all rose at once, and after returning thanks,
bowing, &c,, returned to the drawing-room. The din
ner was of several courses. Each dish served in suc
cession, first being carved by madame, and then handed
round by the servant. At each two plates a bottle of wine,
tumblers and glasses ; each drank as he pleased. Some
choice wines were sent round, a glass lo each. Madame has
four lovely children, the three youngest particularly. Home
at seven. Snow and hail. The house at which I lodge is
the rendezvous of the club. The noblesse of the town meet
every Saturday evening for conversation, cards, and supper.
The ladies' club assemble at the same house every Tuesday
evening. I went in a few minutes, but I declined to join at
cards, as well from an aversion to lose as because I must
pack up. And so adieu, madam, till that labour be gone
through.

OP AARON BURR. 321
Done. Even the picture, all — all packed. Ready for
starting at sunrise. I bid you bon soir a dozen times before
I shut you up in that dark case. I can never do it without
regret. It seems as if I were burying you alive.
Altona, November 20. We did actually move at nine
this morning. The mode of traveUing since we crossed the
Sund is in an immense long wagon, exactly like the great
Pennsylvania wagons, only not covered, and that the body
is wicker. There are three, and sometimes four seals. All
open ; no springs, except that the seals are hung on leathern
straps. If you wish a cover, you ask for a calash, which is
exactly like a chaise-top, which faUs back. This chaise occu
pies and forms a seat. As it snowed a litlle and threatened
more, we took a calash. At Kieme, one Danish mile, we
saw again the beautiful liltle m'lle. of the house. She was
very glad to see us, knowing how much we admired her,
and was all activity and attention. It was two o'clock when
we arrived at Elmsholm. There is no getting these people
on more than three English mUes an hour, though I had
promised him a dollar if he would drive it in four hours.
While we were here waiting for horses, came in our French
friend whom we left at Konsoer, and with him a young
Holsteiner going to Altona. At Pinnesborg six o'clock.
Here Hosack and I parted. He went with the Frenchman
to Hamburgh. I came hither (Altona) with the Holsteiner.
He recommends to me to lodge at Madame Neyls V  .
We could get no calash al Pinnesborg. There was rain, hail,
and wind, and we in an open wagon. You will shiver lo
think how I suffered. You may spare yourself the trouble,
I did not suffer at all. We were before the wind. My great
para-plui defended me from the rain, and my feet and legs
were covered with straw. We were stopped al the gate to
exhibit our'passports and have our trunks examined. A very
courteous old man performed this duly ; and, to save us
trouble, came out in the rain lo inspect our baggage. The
picture, about which I was most concerned, was not opened,
03

322 PRIVATE JOURNAL
The Imnks opened and very slightly examined ; but, in the
operation, some things were a little displaced (you know how
my trunks are always packed), for which I scolded the old
gentleman. He apologized as if he had really erred ; but,
in fact, I did very ill, for he might have unpacked everything,
which would have delayed us two hours, I was very sorry
afterward that I did not treat him more kindly : and why
did I not, seeing it was my nature and my habit ? I have
not now time lo tell you, madam.
My landlady has a son ten, and two daughters twenty-
three and twelve. L'ainee, a pretty, lively, sensible girl,
speaking French fluently, and English a little. They have
seen belter days. Not a servant in the house. Everything
is done by these children, which is embarrassing, for one
does not know how lo treat them. My room is plainly fur
nished, but neat and comfortable.
21. Hosack, as you may recollect, was charged with a
certain inquiry of some interest lo me, and his report was
expected al an early hour this morning ; but nothing was
heard from him till a line received by the post at six this
evening. Matters are just as I suspected.
Sent the letter of L. Donner lo his brother, C. H. Donner,
early this morning, with a message that I would call at
eleven. At that hour I did call. . He received me with bon
homie and politeness. Stayed half an hour, and then home.
Changed my quarters, at the request of m'lle., to a larger
room. Rain and snow all day. Paid for hack to Donner's
and to Frank's tavern, to leave my address there, 40 sch.,
about three shiUings sterling. All day impatiently expecting
Hosack. Walked out several limes ; saw nothing remark
able. At five walked over to Hamburgh. The gales about
half a mile apart. The walk is adorned with fine rows of
trees; a plain. Certainly a beautiful promenade. After
five you pay four sch. for passing the Hamburgh gate. Did
not dare to walk very far for fear of egareing. Forgot that
I should want money to get back. Stopped at the gate and

OF AARON BURR. 323
obliged to pawn my pencU. Home lo get money, which
borrowed of m'lle. Back to redeem my pencU, and then
walked again about Hamburgh. Home at nine, and now
was stopped al the Altona gate, an exigence for which I had
made no provision. Obhged again to pawn the pencU.
I forgot to say that al six this moming lighted my candle
and turf fire with my own flint and steel. You see I go al
ways provided. At six this evening the sky cleared, and
the moon shone out beautifully. I walked al least half a
dozen times from one to t'other gate.
22. Raining and snowing this morning, and all day till
evening. Went over to Hamburgh, and found my way to
where Hosack lodges. Left the notes which I had written
to him and Robinson. Went lo Donner's. He had just left
home to visit me ; so hastened back to meet him, but failed.
Saw two ladies at his house, who received me very hand
somely ; but I, like a fool, refused lo sit, in the hope of find
ing mons. at my house. Wrote him a note about a bill of
three hundred dollars which I enclosed to him to gel pay
ment, being sans sou.
23. At eleven walked lo Hamburgh to see Hosack. Out.
To Keyser Hoff to find Netzel ; did not lodge there, nor
could I find where. Attempted to come home another way,
and got completely lost. Asked at least twenty persons,
not one of whom could understand me. At length found
one who spoke French, and he took great pains to put me in
the right way; nevertheless, got lost again ; but, seeing a gate
through the ramparts, and, a mile beyond, a church, con..
eluded il must be another way to Altona. On I went mer
rily. After going round the town, found it lo be only a village
of about one hundred houses, but could gel no point of view
where I could judge of the course, and, besides, the weather
too sombre to see one mile. On return lo that gate through
which I had come, met a woman who spoke a few v/ords
of French. She told me that Altona was far off toother side
of Hamburgh. Very consoling. Getting into the city again,

324 PRIVATE JOURNAL
weary and hungry, stopped al a pastry shop ; there found a
pretty black-eyed girl, speaking French fluently. She had
no doubt but in five minutes she could find me a hack or a
pilot. While she was looking out at the door for this pur
pose, I amused myself, greatly to my satisfaction, with her
cakes and pastry, and some hot punch. She found a lad to
convey me. Paid for my repast 18 sch., and 5^ch. lo the
boy, whom I dismissed at the gate, recognising it lo be that
at which I had come. Being refreshed by my repast and
by the discovery of my way home, roved about within limits
of which I was sure.
Home at five. Robinson had been here and left me a
note. Donner's servant with a verbal message to know
whether I was engaged for dinner on Monday (certainly
not), and lo say that he would call at seven this evening if
chez moi. Yes. He did call. Sal an hour and amused
me much. Related a very curious anecdote of Constantine
at Erfurth. Something of the King of Saxony.
Now I must tell you a great secret. Ma  has a lover
whom she has promised to marry. Herself told me the day
after my arrival, and yesterday evening presented him to
me. He is really a young man of prepossessing appear
ance, about twenty-two; she is twenty-five. He is a mer
chant of genteel manners, and speaking French. I have
pronounced in his favour, which I suspect he has heard, for
this evening he has been extremely attentive to me. Would
himself bring anything I asked for. Both together, they
brought the lea, and I invited them to lake a dish with me.
It is a luxury to see people happy. He goes home at ten,
and then  comes to take an English lesson. A very
apt scholar. Pleine d'esprit.
24. Took hack at ten to go to Hamburgh. To Robinson
at the Keyser Hoff. I find that, among the great number of
Americans here and there, all are hostile to A. B. All —
what a lot of rascals they must be, lo make war on one
whom they do not know ; on one who never did harm or

OF AARON BURR. 325
wished harm to a human being. Yet they, perhaps, ought
not to be blamed, for they are influenced by what they hear.
I learn further that A. B. is announced in the Paris papers
in a manner no way auspicious. Further, my small stock
of money was in a bill drawn on a house in Hamburgh.
This biU was remitted to Mr. F., who, being absent, his friend
and agent got the bill and the money, and " as he does not
know but the money may belong to Mr. F.," refuses lo pay
it without his orders. A very pretty mess this for one day.
Went to Nelzel's. You may recoUect that I desired Hau
terive to transmit his answers to this gentleman. He had
no letter for me. Resolved then to go direct lo the French
minister lo see if he had any orders to give or refuse me
passports. Sent in my name, but did not get out of my car
riage. After some minutes the servant returned, saying his
excellency was then very much engaged, but would be glad
to see me at three o'clock. Went to Hosack's lo lounge un
til three, then again to the minister's. Another apology
that he was still much engaged, but begged that I would
call lo-morrow at twelve.
Went to Hosack's to dine with him. Forgot to say that I
went to see Luning's friend, Brauer, who received me very
kindly, and asked me to a supper and party on Monday, which
declined, being engaged to dine that day with Donner. Did
not present Luning's bill on Brauer, being still doubtful about
that. Learned also to day that the  threatens everything,
and are taking measures against the peace and dignity of our
sovereign self.
Intended to have written many letters to-night to the
United States. Captain Davis sails to-morrow, and such
another opportunity may never offer. But, in this stale of
things, what can I write ? To be silent as to my intended
movements would be strange, and to tell the true state of
things afflicting to my friends. So I wUl leave you all to
your own conjectures. My belle Jan. came up and look tea

326 PRIVATE JOURNAL
with me, and had then an hour of English lesson. She makes
great progress, and amuses me,
25, To Hosack's, where found a letter from Luning, tell
ing me of the prosperous state of his business. One from
Graves full of goodness. One from S, S,, containing a long
bill of untoward circumstances regarding himself. The let
ter, however, does great honour to his head and heart. L.'s
letter determined me lo make use of his draught, especially
as there was no prospect of getting my own money, and I am
penniless. Hosack had just got up, and, of course, had not
made further inquiries on this or the other more interesting
matter. At twelve lo the minister's ;* was al once received. He
is the transcript of our J, B, Prevost, only fifteen years
older ; but marked with the same characters. His reception
was courteous, but with a mixture of surprise and curiosity.
At once offered me a passport to any frontier town, but
has no authority to do more. Passports to go to Paris must
come from Paris, and to that end I must write, &c. He
advises that I direct the reply to be transmitted to Mayence,
where it wUl be before I can get there. At parting he apol
ogized for the delays of yesterday, and asked me lo dine at
his country-house, three miles from Altona, to-morrow.
Agreed, Home, Dined in my room, M'Ue. J. attending me.
Sent word to Donner that, if he would be at home, I would
call to pass the evening. He is engaged out. After dinner,
walked to Hamburgh to see what news Hosack had got for
me. He was abroad dining, but left a note and a sack of
money, the proceeds of the bill, two hundred dollars. In
the morning I had called again on Brauer, presented the bUl
of Luning, and got the one thousand marks, so that I am at
this moment rich. Strolled about Hamburgh for two hours,
doing twenty foolish things, and spending two doUars. Took
care, however, this time to reserve money enough lo get
through the gates. Lounged till two ; and now, whUe the
? See Burr's Memoirs, vol ii,, p. 417.

OF AARON BURR. 327
watchmen are shaking their rattles, I bid you bon soir. Mist
and fog, with some rain and snow all day.
26. Though the day has not been cold, and I doubt
whether there was frost last night, yet I felt fire comfortable,
and, for the first lime, put on my flannel waistcoat. You
recollect that I travelled from Stockholm to Gottenburg, day
and night (all nighl), finding half an inch thickness of ice in
the morning, obstinately refusing lo put on this waistcoat.
Now I am condemned to it for the winter. Sent word to
Donner that I would call on him al eleven. He was going
out, and would call on me. He called about eleven. Sat
near an hour, amusing me very much.
Al five to Mons. Bourrienne, le Ministre de France. Met
there Mons. Thierry and three others. A daughter about
fourteen, and finely grown for that age ; a very interesting
girl. Sweetness and inteUigence prettily blended. Four
others, pretty. The minister occupies a very handsome
house on the Elbe, about three miles below Altona, for
which he pays 1000 dollars per annum. Madame sa fem
me is from Leipsic, and appears very amiable. Thierry
made me many civilities. Gave a history of Pitcairne, of
whom every one speaks well.
27. You have not yet been informed, at least by me, that
Altona and Hamburgh are on the same plain, on the north side
of the Elbe. The territory of Hamburgh extends lo the very
gales of Altona. Hamburgh is fortified. An immense ditch
and parapet. Altona not. The gates of Hamburgh and Al
tona are about one third of an English mUe apart, A beau
tiful walk through rows of trees, and on the left, going to
Hamburgh, a wood nearly half way. The plain between the
two towns belongs to Hamburgh, and the senate do not suffer
any houses, A few, however, have formerly been allowed
on the side nearest Altona. The city of Hamburgh is esti
mated to contain one hundred thousand inhabitants, the
territory about thirty-five thousand more, Altona contains
about twenty-seven thousand. It is in Holstein now, and,

328 PRIVATE JOURNAL
for some years past, part of Denmark, German is the lan
guage of Holstein as well as of Hamburgh, Altona is below
Hamburgh, on the Elbe, The contribution paid by Ham
burgh lo the French the last three years is about twenty-three
millions of marks (three marks to a dollar). This is exclu
sive of the maintenance of the troops who have assisted the
Hamburghers to govern themselves. Now to ourselves,
Al five to dine with Donner, A male party of about fif
teen, extremely weU composed, De Blucher, General Wal-
terstoff, &c. Every dish is carved at the sideboard, and
handed round by a servant, h. la Swedoise, Sometimes a
portion is brought on a plate. Wine of different sorts on
table, and every one drinks as he pleases. Now and then
one pledges another. After dinner, which lasted at least
two hours, all rise together, bow, and make compliments.
The lady is handed out, and all return to the drawing-room,
where coffee is immediately served. About an hour after
coffee, tea was served in the same manner. One retires
without taking leave. Mr. B. proposed cards, which I de
clined. Off at eight. The mode of entertaining is easy,
and everything was in handsome style. Madame is a lovely
litlle woman. Fair, with very black hair, with blue eyes.
Has three small children, whom I did not see. Lawaetz,
Conseil d'Elat, engages me lo dine with him lo-morrow.
I had not been at home this evening half an hour before I
was seized with a tormenting toothache. This comes of pul
ling on a flannel waistcoat. Being an under tooth, and hol
low, I thought of my old remedy, camphire and opium, and
have crammed il full, which has relieved me so far as lo al
low me to write this, but still growling.
28. Have had a most uncomfortable night. Swallowed
of the opium enough lo stupify and sicken me. Got asleep,
and slept till about seven. Swallowed the juice of three
lemons, and afterward look a dish of coffee, but ate nothing.
At two walked an hour, but found no relief either from the
stupor or pain. Smoking increases it ; however, dressed

OF AARON BURR. 329
for dinner, and at half past four went in a hack. M. La-
waetz's residence is about one English mile below the town,
beautifully situated on the Elbe. The house is large, and
finished in very handsome taste. It is not more than one
hundred and fifty yards from the road in a direct line, but
you are taken round a pretty circular or winding road, through
trees and shrubs, for several hundred yards. On our return
this was lighted by lamps hung in the trees and bushes.
There must have been near one hundred lamps. It was
again a male parly of about twenty, De Blucher, cham
berlain and premier president, and le General Waltersloff
among the guests. Also, the amiable young Donner, In
short, the grandees of the country. Our host a very sprightly,
intelligent man, d'un certain age. Madame just such a wife
as he ought lo have. Both noted for their benevolence and
goodness. Among the guests several learned men. The
D., whom I shall ever be glad to see, I was, unfortunately,
in bad order. The toothache, though not violent, was felt,
and the stupor and nausea of the opium remained. Stole
off at eight. The form of the entertainment was as yester
day, but in more splendour. The rooms are all warmed
by stoves ; but these stoves are often a very elegant and
costly piece of furniture. Pillars, ruins, statues bronzed,
and many whimsical and pretty forms of iron, sometimes
bronzed or of porcelain. They put something about the
stove, I believe frankincense, which gave a charming perfume
to the air. In the country (Holstein) a similar effect is pro
duced by a preparation of dried rose-leaves and olher fra
grant herbs, Mons. L, is very rich, and has no children.
Before I had been half an hour home the toothache re
turned with all its violence, I resolved lo have it out early
in the morning ; but how to get through the nighl was the
first question. The application of pepper and brandy oc
curred lo me, I applied it, and was relieved in ten minutes ;
but still there is a growling and menacing which alarms me.
The opium, too, has brought on a headache. It can be only

330 PRIVATE JOURNAL
that, for I did not eat two ounces, nor drink a single glass
of wine, though there was a luxurious dinner, and wines of
a great variety. Among them Champagne and Burgundy.
Bon soir,
29, It was just as I feared. The toothache returned and
kept me in misery all nighl. Towards morning I got some
sleep and lay till ten. Headache and appetite. Off to
Hamburgh with my valet (whom I forgot lo introduce to
you, and now have no lime) to hunt a dentist. He recom
mended to me Mons,  , from Paris, as most celebrated
and the best. Before we got out of the Altona gate the pain
left me, and, as the tooth is the most important one of the
few I have left, postponed my visit to mons., and went first
to Robinson's. Thence lo Chapeaurouge, for whom I have
a letter of introduction from Achaud. Al his country seat,
but wiU be home to-morrow from ten lo twelve. To L. Me
nard's, for whom also a letter from Achaud. He received
me very courteously, and tendered me all manner of civUi
ties. This was unexpected, for he could not hope to make
money out of me. He is a man of very pleasing manners
and appearance. (M'lle. J. has been up, and interrupted me
very pleasantly for more than an hour. It is now half past
twelve, therefore, philosophically speaking, Thursday morn
ing.) But lo go on with my story. Mons. M. is a mer
chant of high standing, appearing about thirty-six. Of an
open, frank, cheerful physiognomy. " Why did you not
deliver these letters on your first arrival ?" Why, madame,
in the first place, I have a very great aversion to letters of
introduction, having everywhere found acquaintances, made
accidentally, the most agreeable and permanent ; obviously,
because they are made from sympathy. Second, M'lle. M.
Wolstonecraft, and some other books, had given me a pre
judice against Hamburgh negotiators. I will never again
believe in anything I read in a book (excepting Jeremy Ben
lham's). Third, that matter of M. gave me some little dis
gust for Hamburgh. Fourth, the two letters of Achaud to

OP AARON BURR. 331
Sweden, you remember, never paid the customary rate of
postage. Four such good reasons must, I am sure, have
satisfied you. " Yes, but why, in spite of all these reasons,
did you deliver them now ?" From a certain whim, which I
will whisper lo you, but dare not write. (Do remind me lo tell
you how contraband trade is carried on here.) On my re
turn from town I saw about twenty poor women and girls
under guard. From Menard's to the French minister's. My
valet gave my name to the porter of his excellency, and, after
waiting several minutes in the corridor, received answer
that he was engaged and could not see me. No appoint
ment of any other hour, which I thought odd. Sent back F.
with my card, requesting lo know when he would be visible,
and walked off. Immediately the minister's valet came run
ning after me, asking me lo walk in, Il seems that a name
totally unlike mine had come to his ears through the mouths
of two servants. He received me as might have been ex
pected from his former civilities. Gave me a passport, and,
hearing that I was to stay two or three days longer, contrary
to what I had told him, gave a general invitation to his house ;
engaged to dine with him to-morrow.
Thence to see Hosack. Out. Made Fran9ois take up
my sack of money. Thence to the Salon d'ApoUon. Ills a
building containing concert and ball rooms in very handsome
style. The concert-room circular, about ninety feet diame
ter. Vaulted, and no pUlars. Home by four o'clock, having
been out five hours, walking the whole time except about
thirty minutes. The headache came on about one, and in
creased continuaUy. That infernal opium yet. Found the
card of the President de Blucher, which reminds me of a
part of the employment of the day which has been omitted ;
and, lo explain, I must go back lo yesterday.
Sitting near General W. either yesterday or Monday, I
intimated that I should be very much gratified to be present
al one of the President Blucher's courts. He (the general),
without my orders or knowledge, mentioned it to the presi-

332 PRIVATE JOURNAL
dent ; and when we met again at Lawaetz's, the general told
me that he was authorized from the president to say that it
would afford him pleasure lo receive me at his court the
next audience day (this day). So this morning, when I got
to the gate and found the toothache missing, my engagement
with Le H. Chancelleire came lo my mind, and we turned
short about lo go to the audience chamber, which is al the
other end of the town. On the way, called on Donner lo ask
some instruction as to how to gel in, and to place myself,
&c. Madame received me. I made her produce her chil
dren, a girl and a boy, about five and three. It is impossible
to imagine anything more lovely than they are both. I was
quite enraptured with ihem. Then came in the younger
Donner, and, finally, Mons. Donner. By the time all this
had passed it was half past eleven, and too late for the court.
Mr. D., therefore, proposed to show me their museum ; but
I took for this purpose the younger Donner, and on the way
left my card at the president's house, and thus you account
for the card returned this evening. The museum is a building
of no show, but replete with convenience. It is maintained
by an association of the principal gentlemen of the town,
who pay about sixteen dollars each a year. The principal
gazettes in Europe are taken, and new publications, and
maps. There are reading-rooms, conversation-rooms, card-
rooms. A very convenient ball-room, with parlours, and clos
ets, and smoking-rooms. Also a very spacious and well-laid
out garden. The associates meet two evenings in the week.
Once to sup, and once for conversation, &c. Balls, I for
get how often in the season. The rooms always open to
the associates, and to any stranger introduced by a member,
as now am I. Two o'clock is rattling, and I must be up at
seven. You see that my aches are all cured ; how, you
shall hear to-morrow.
30. Had ordered Francis lo be here at half past seven.
He came, and I rose. Dressed by candle. A very thick,
chiUing fog. To Robinson's ; settled accounts with him,

OF AARON BURR. 333
and received a balance due me from him and Hosack of
forty-five dollars. To De Nelzel's. He has no letters for
me. Engaged Hosack and Robinson to breakfast with me
to-morrow. To the dentist's ; he thinks he can preserve the
tooth for me, but the inflammation must subside before he can
do anything. Home at two. Found a card from Menard,
and invitation to dine on Monday, December 4. Declined,
being engaged. " Where am I engaged ?" Why, to go out
of town, to be sure. What do I stay here for ? Did not
call to day on De Chapeaurouge. Determined not to deliver
the letter, for all the reasons mentioned yesterday.
At five to the French minister's. He did not return from
town till six-y-Gen. Damasque, Gen.  de Westphalie,
Commandant en Hamburgh, and others. M'lle. Emilie
l'ainee est toujours plus et plus jolie et inlerressanle. Off
at half past seven. To Donner's to sup. Madame came in
at half past nine, having been lo the play. Supper at ten.
Oysters served raw, in the shell ; the best I have tasted
on this side the Atlantic. Then a supper in form of meats,
fowl, and dessert. A very pleasant evening.
TO A. B. ROTHE. Copenhagen, November 7, 1809.
I avail myself of the indiUgence you were pleased to
allow, to ask from you,
1. A note of the statutes which organize the " Committee
Conciliateurs." 2. The titles of any publications in French or Danish
explanatory of the subject.
3. A note of the alterations suggested by experience,
which have been made in the system since the date of your
publication. 4. Extracts "des Rapports, des Committees," for the
years subsequent to 1801, simUar to that which is seen in
page 117 of your Memoire.
Intending to recommend to my feUow-citizens in the

334 PRIVATE JOURNAL
United Slates of America the adoption of similar institutions,
I wish lo prefix as much as possible of the experience already
had in this country. The motive will, it is hoped, excuse
me for this intrusion on your time. Accept assurances of
my great consideration. A. Burr.
JOURNAL.
Altona, December 1, 1809. Rose at half past seven, at
which hour one must light candle. At nine came Hosack
and Robinson lo breakfast. Grand dejeune aprez le caffe et
toast, et sausage. Wine, cakes, eau de vie. Two bottles
wine ! Being sunshine for the second time since our ad
vent, invited them lo walk out to see L.'s house and gar
den. Lawaetz not al home ; but walked over the gardens
and the rooms which were open in the house. The bank
appears to be one hundred and fifty feet above the level of
the river, and the view, as well from this garden as from
many points on the road, is extensive and beautiful. There
are still many vessels saUing up and down. A few years
ago many, many more. Met General Waltersloff and fam
ily. Chez nous at one. Walked lo Hamburgh with H. and
R. Separated at the gate. To the French minister's, to
see the mosaic work, which is truly wonderful. I am in
credulous even when I touch it, that all this fine effect is
produced by stones and the natural colour of stones. Many
civil words. To De Netzel, who offers rae a letter lo Cas-
sel. To hunt bijoux. Three rix-dollars, par M'lle. J.
Round about, with Franpois as my guide, and home al sev
en. Sans accident. Tea and J. filled up the evening.
This morning called on Dr. Munson, both going and return
ing from L.'s, but out. Had this morning a note from
Chapeaurouge, enclosing a letter from Achaud, and asking
me to dinner to-morrow. Agreed.
2. At eleven to Dr. Munson's. He gave me a line of in
troduction to Madame Sievekin, of Hamburgh. Walked
with him to see Schoenbron. Out. To Donner's. Saw

OF AARON BURR. 335
his sister, a very inteUigent brunette. Home at one ; thence
to Hamburgh lo see Madame Sievekin. Received with
great politeness. It is a lady of very prepossessing appear
ance. About fifty, but exceedingly well preserved. StiU
handsome, mild, inteUigent, dignified. L'amie de BoUman,
of whom we talked much. Engaged me to dine lo-morrow.
To Chapeaurouge's lo dine. Met there Menard et ux, a
very amiable, cheerful, well-bred woman, who has travelled
over France and England. In all, about twenty-two, of
whom five were women. Madame C. very ladylike. M.
de Chapeaurouge offered letters and other civilities. Din
ner and wines good. A house superbly fitted up, and the
company cheerful. Off at eight. It is a custom I do not
much approve, that the guests give to the servants about a
mark or more. To Hosack's ; he and R. had gone to the
concert. Home al nine. Francois showed his address
when I came down from dinner ; the servants called for my
carriage. F. said it was not at the door, but waiting al a
house just by, where I was going. J. and I agreed to drink
a bottle of Champagne, which we did, and sat till half past
twelve. 3. Tooth and jaws plaguing me again. Yesterday Mr.
Jacobson, an advocate of great eminence, called on me and
introduced himself. Having heard from President Blucher
that I was inquiring into the laws and judicial proceedings
of this country, he came to offer his services, &c. ; so this
morning went to return his visit and to have a talk. He
has a very neat, pretty little house and large garden in the
Pal MaUle. Sat an hour. Thence home. At three lo
Hamburgh. Called on Hosack ; thence at four to Madame
Sievekin's. There were about fifteen at dinner. Mr. and
Mrs. Poole, a very sensible couple ; Professor Ebeling ;
Professor Rimarius, father of Madame S. ; De Netzel ;
three or four sons of Madame S., very handsome, and a
daughter who will not survive six months. There were
several other men of learning. I never saw a parly more

.'.few.

336 PRIVATE JOURNAL
cheerful. I had dismissed Fran9ois for the evening, and at
eight walked off alone to Altona, and quite lo the lower end
of the town to Jacobson's, who had invited me to sup. Met
about a dozen equaUy mixed. Madame is handsome and
pleasing. Her elder sister also handsome. Two sets were
at ca.rds. I talked law with Mr. Jacobson. Played chess
with madame, who plays extremely well. M'lle. played
and sang. A fine voice, and mistress of music. Off at
eleven. Then an hour with J.
4. Robinson came in before I was out of bed. Tooth and
jaws in bad order. But the lip which was bitten by a ven
omous animal on Friday last has swollen, and is very pain
ful. I did not mention it before, because the origin of the
thing is so ridiculous, that I wished to hush it up ; for the
bite was given in a paroxysm of great good-humour. Hosack
came in just after we had done breakfast. At twelve came
in Mr. Jacobson, by appointment, to attend the court with
me. Left my young friends and went with Mr. Jacobson,
The president not there. His chair vacant. The burgo
masters ; the police-officers. I was introduced to all the
advocates. There are but six. The number is limited.
Have no time to detail the proceedings.
Home at one. At two lo Hamburgh, lo De Chapeau
rouge's ; thence to Menard's. Saw him, madame, and her
brother. Madame had just had a tooth drawn. Mr, M. went
with me to a society, where are newspapers, new publica
tions, &c. He inscribed my name, which gives admission.
We were then to have gone lo see the senate and burgo
masters en costume and in session ; but they had adjourned,
I called, by appointment, on Robinson, lo take him with me
in this walk, but he had not come in ; thence lo Hosack's,
where dined. My tooth still growhng. At length made up
my mind to have il drawn, notwithstanding the serious loss
it will be to me, to say nothing of the pretty operation of
drawing. Went off to the dentist's full of resolution. He
was out, and would not be home tiU the morning. So that

OP AARON BURR, 337
I shaU have again to make all this effort to get myself in a
tooth-drawing humour.
Went thence, by appointment, to Professor Ebeling's, He
is a most cheerful, amiable man, of about sixty-two. Per
fectly deaf. The only mode of communication with him is
by writing. He always carries in his pocket pencil and pa
per ; and, ^en he asks a question, hands them to you to re
ply. When he has had your answer, he returns il to you ;
because, he says, persons may not choose to have their free
conversations preserved in writing. He speaks, however,
extremely well, both French and English, Takes great in
terest in all that concerns America, Is writing a statistical,
geographical, political, &c,, account of the United States,
Has a quarto volume for each state, beginning North, and
has got South as far as Virginia, I saw twelve of these
quartoes. They are interleaved with blank paper, on which
he continually makes his additions and corrections. His
library of American books, i, e,, books on American affairs,
is nearly as large as all the Richmond-Hill library. Ge
ography is more particularly his department ; and the, extent
and accuracy of his knowledge is astonishing, A part of
his American works were published a few years ago. You
will receive a copy, addressed to you by himself, as he un
derstands that you read and write German, Passed near
three hours with this amiable man.
Called on Madame Sievekin this morning, and sat half an
hour, , The state of her daughter's health seemed to depress
her, Mr, Menard gave me four letters of introduction for
different persons in Germany, Begged that I would advise
him if I went lo Paris, that he might introduce me to his
friends there.
Brought home my tooth and my hfe, both in bad condi
tion. Tea with J. Will go early to bed, and pos. go be
fore breakfast to the dentist's, in Hamburgh, about two and
a half miles, and get rid of the tooth. You don't believe me,
but I wUl.
Vol. I.— P'

338 PRIVATE JOURNAL
5. I did go to bed al twelve and rose before seven, when
it is as dark as at midnight. Dressed in the dark, having
made arrangements therefor ; and, before a creature in the
house had moved, sallied forth, fasting, to the dentist. He
was abed. I had him called up in great haste, and, what
might not have been expected, he met me with great good-
humour. He advised strongly against drawing the tooth.
Could give me an application which, if I would confine my
self for the day, would lake out the pain and inflammation,
and then he would plombe it. How easily one receives ad
vice when it concurs with one's wishes ! Like a fool, I lis
tened, and came off with his application, which is flowers
of chamomile and rye-meal, a dry cushion apphed hot and
frequently heated. M'lle. J. made the cushions very quick
and very nice, and has been all day healing and applying
them. It is something better, but still the jaw is not in a
condition lo travel with or lo be plombed. I am very much
inclined, not quite resolved, to have the tooth drawn to-mor
row. Sent Franpois lo Donner with a note about money mat
ters, and then to town with a dozen notes. Received a very
kind letter from Ebeling, with four letters of introduction to
different learned men. Tea with J. Her lover, hearing
that I was indisposed, came to see- me and tendered his ser
vices. He is a very handsome and amiable young man.
Have had no other visit to-day. Intended lo have written a
great many letters to distant friends, but have not written a
line. My principal occupation has been in running over a
vast pile of American papers which Ebeling sent me.
I opened your picture yesterday to gratify J., who has the
same kind of eyes and mouth. Got my bill, which frightens
me to death. Seventy-three marks for the last eight days;
equal to twenty specie doUars, and Fran9ois not included.
I must, I will be off, if it be only to Hamburgh ; but not to
morrow. To-morrow I must go to President Blucher's

OF AARON BURR. 339
court, having been twice expected there and failed, but next
day I do think I shaU go.
6. Had a bad night. That bitten lip gave me most in
tolerable pain. Very like the application of a hot coal.
The jaw, too, was not quite silent. Got up at seven, and
dressed in the dark, and without fire, being resolved to at
tend President Blucher's court. Francois came presently
and helped me. Got breakfast at eight, and, having sent
my greatcoat to the tailor's for improvement, look coach
and went lo Jacobson's (but first I wrote notes to Robinson,
and Hosack, and Netzel, and sent off Francois to Hamburgh
with them). M. Jacobson is author of a very learned trea
tise on maritime law, which I shall send out lo the United
Stales. Sat an hour with him, greatly interested by his
communications on Holstein and Altona law. Then to
court. The president received me with great politeness,
and gave me a chair at his right hand. Stayed in court two
hours, during which lime more than forty causes were de
spatched in a manner quite new lo me, and highly interesting.
In the department of the president there was a happy com
bination of dignity, courtesy, intelligence, and despatch.
Remind me to relate lo you the trial between a sea captain
and a httle girl whom he had enticed from Redensburg, and
abandoned here, where he has fem. Between a widow lady
and her lover. He had lent her money. How the account
was balanced. A suit by a girl for breach of promise of
marriage. Several cases of debt acknowledged. Of the
manner of giving bail for strangers (citizens or burghers give
none). No imprisonment for debt in Holstein or Altona.
Tools of a trade, necessary furniture, &c., cannot be taken
in execution. A singular custom, and the manner of exe
cuting il. The president in another district, where he pre
sided, at first gave aU gratis. No fee for a summons. Four
sch. for a citation.
Having dismissed my coach and paid him 24 sch., walk
ed, sans greatcoat, and the weather bleak and raw, to Don,
P2

840 PRIVATE JOURNAL
ner's. Out; but his younger brother settled my money
affairs. Home at one. Found Hosack and Robinson had
just gone. I wished to see them, and wrote them this morn
ing not to come before one o'clock. I had, with very great
reluctance, left the court merely lo observe my appointment
with them.
The president asked me to dine on Friday, which I de
clined. Must and wUl go off. At two to Hamburgh. To
the library to see Professor Ebeling. Passed half an hour
with him, and always much amused. Received another let
ter from him. Dismissed Franpois, and went to the dentist's
with the full determination to have out the tooth, in spite of
his advice or remonstrances. He was out. To la vice-pres
ident an hour, and home at five, not having dined nor hav
ing any appetite. The jaw more swollen and very painful.
Tea with J. Sent out for the ingredients of what, in the
family, we used to call Malt's salve, and set Franpois to
cook it, which he did very ill. Applied a large plaster lo
the place affected. Lay down and got asleep ; but the lip,
which is worse and worse, and which I am at a loss what to
think of, waked me after an hour. Found the jaw much
relieved, and now quite in repose ; but the lip gives me
such strange twinges, that I am afraid to lie down, for it is
much worse. What strange sort of poison can this be, which
does not diffuse itself, but rankles in that spot. The lip is
a liltle swollen and quite numb ; not painful, except by
twinges, which become more frequent and severe. Donner
called while I was in Hamburgh. The president is very
like the late Dr. Ledyard. Could discern the sun this fore
noon, but now raining again. What vile roads I shall have
if I should ever get out of Altona.
7. Slept very well till eight. Only two twinges of the
lip. The sweUing in the face not having subsided, and a
dull pain in the jaw keeping me in constant bad-humour,
immediately after breakfast took a hack, and set off for the
dentist's. Fran9ois had been sent to Hamburgh early in

OP AARON BURR. 341
the morning. The coachman mistook his directions, or was
not acquainted with the town of Hamburgh. I could not
inform him, as he understood not a word of French or Eng
lish. He drove about the city a full hour, stopping fre
quently to ask questions, probably lo get directions. At
length, seeing no end to the journey, I got out, and, after
walking an hour, during which got my feet wet, found our
selves on the north side of the Lake Alster ; whence, how
ever, I could see the place of our destination, and, having
shown to him, I got in again. The fellow was so sulky
that he would not get off the box to shut the door, and stood
still full five minutes, till a person passing by shut the door
for us. Finally, got lo the dentist's, and went in with the
full determination not to listen lo a word of his advice. He
was abroad, and not expected home till night ! To Hosack's
quarters to inquire for another dentist. The servant knew
of one in the neighbourhood. Sent him to see if he were al
home. After half an hour's absence, returned with an an
swer that the dentist would caU on me immediately. This
was exactly what I did not wish, for two obvious reasons,
so drove off lo the dentist's house. It is a very handsome
house, and I was received with politeness, too much for the
occasion, by a well-dressed gentleman and lady. The lady
came up to me officiously, and was about to apply her hands
to my face. Wishing to get rid of her, I very civilly beg
ged her not to trouble herself; that I had come lo have a
tooth drawn. " Eh bien, monsieur, c'est moi qui vols I'arra-
cher," Vous, madame 1 "Oui moi," Mais voyons, est
ce que vos petites mains ont la force ? Vous en serois con-
vainqu et content, I submitted, and she drew the tooth
very quick and perfectly well. Paid one ducat (two spe
cies). Home at one, in ten limes more pain than I went
out. Lay on the bed and slept an hour. The pain still
continues (ten P, M,), though not so violent, but enough to
unfit me for writing anything but this, WhUe talking with
you, I can forget the pain for half an hour together.

342 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Received this afternoon a note from Ebeling, apologizing
that he coiUd not call on me, having been seized with a
colic. Reponse, Sent apology to De Blucher that I could
not dine with him to-morrow; indisposition. Received
from Jacobson a message and present of a book on Holstein
law, with explanatory notes in his own hand; and thus I
have passed the day, Alas, at this rate, when shall I get to
Paris ; and when to you ?
J, and her lover have been very attentive lo me. Looking
al the map since writing the above, I see that I was north
of Binnen Alster, having passed over that causeway which
divides the Binnen from the Grosse Alster. It affords on
each side fine views ; but I was not much in the humour to
enjoy fine views. Raining all this evening, twelve o'clock,
J, had been lo a dinner and party with her lover, and has
just been passing an hour with me. Had been very suc
cessful in the toilet. Simply, but prettily dressed. Showed
her the watch ring, by which you will know that it is safe,
8, Have found very little relief, I believe none, by the
loss of the tooth. The jaw continues in the same slate of
inflammation, which has now extended lo the glands of the
throat, A very restless and uncomfortable night. At ten
came in R., and al half past eleven H. Great distress about
the finances of the latter.
Received this morning a very kind note from Ebeling,
with some more American papers. Not stirred out all day.
Determined to try the infallible remedy of fasting. Took
no dinner. Nothing. Tea at eight with J. Wrote lo
Hauterive a very short and rather morose letter. Wrote
also lo the minister of police in Paris. Sent Francis to
Hamburgh on sundry errands, particularly to call on De
Chap, and De Vetzel, to ask if any letters for me. None.
Have done nothing but lounge all day, and went over the
Cesta this evening. The starving has done a litlle good.
Answered Ebeling's note by his servant. At eleven had
wine, hot water, and sugar with J.

op AARON BURR. 343
9. Worse and worse. All the teeth, neighbours of the
departed, have combined in vengeance. Sal up tUl two this
morning, and then went lo bed because I had no more can
dle. Wrote H. and R. that I should not go to-day. Might
as well write that I should never go. Wrote also to Mon
sieur de Bourrienne, enclosing my letter to the minister of
police, &c., and sent off Franfois with them all.
Young Donner came in and sat an hour with me. Have
been lying on the bed half the day in much pain. J.,
whose attentions are unremitted, boiled figs in milk, and
applied them warm lo the part most affected in the gums,
which has had a good effect. But J., being strongly opposed
to my starving system, insisted so much on my eating, that
1 took a very little (not half a pint) of boiled milk by way
of dinner, and in two hours had a violent headache. To
remove this took er. tart, punch, which, indeed, has carried
off the headache, but in a way that will keep me up the
whole night. At two o'clock A. M. of Sunday I write this.
The fig application has had a most wonderful effect ; the
swelling is much reduced, and I am at this moment quite
free of pain ; but the soreness remains. Think of traveUing
to-morrow. Will that be prudent ? It shall depend on the
weather. Have been sorting and burning papers all the
evening, i. e., since eleven, and must now write a letter —
not lo thee, hussy, but to that good Luning.
10. The jaws plagued me " more or less" all night. Rose,
however, with the determination lo go. The pain, however,
increased, and retarded my proceedings, and by eleven found
it utterly impossible to be ready by one, the hour at which
the boat goes. The pain became so violent that I was
obliged lo muffle up and lay down. It occurred lo me that
I was just a fit subject for a stool wagon, and fit for nothing
else. Got up and feU to packing, which had not yet been
begun. Wrote notes to Hosack and Ebeling, and sent off
Fran9ois. H. C. Donner came in and sat half an hour.
Oh ] wrote to Luning the father that I should cross the river

344 PRIVATE JOURNAL
to-morrow on my way to his house, and sent letter to the
postoffice. Franpois returned at five with note from Ho
sack. He had done nothing, attempted nothing in his own
affairs. The application of the cushion at length relieved
me. No Donner. No appetite. Adieu ; my next wiU be
from the other side the Elbe, once Hanover.
Harbourg, December 11, 1809. You see that I have
actually got out of Altona. Some tears were shed at parting.
After having been so many days confined to a warm room, my
head wrapped up with bandages, my first sortie has been
to the ferry, and three hours on the water in an open boat,
exposed to a very strong gale, and without any bandage ; and
under this process the pain has left me, though I do assure
you I was chilled to the very bone.
Hosack and Robinson called on me about twelve ; at one
came to the ferry, where waited a full hour. Robinson goes
to Leipsic. Hosack stays at Hamburgh, so that I shall make
this journey without a servant and without a companion,
totally ignorant of the language, and in the very worst season
of the year. Yet do not be alarmed, we shall get along and
find amusement.
I have just taken tea and biscuit, by way of dinner and
supper. The inn is comfortable and neat. Have been talk
ing an hour with a very inteUigent traveUer who speaks Eng
lish. Have written letters to Luning, to H., and to R. ; and
this morning, before leaving Altona, wrote to Gahn and to
Montval. Your picture gave me a great deal of plague, and,
but for J., I should never have got it well put up. I have
a great mind lo roU you up again, and pack you away in the
trunk, though your great and good friend, Breda, so strongly
remonstrated against it. He also varnished and put you in
frame from mere love ; and now, at twelve, am just going
to bed, having ordered horses for seven in the morning.
Written in my bedroom without a fire.
Wille, December 12, Had got to bed and blown out my
candle last night, when I found that the sheets were very

OP AARON BURR, 345
damp. After laying a few minutes thought I felt some
twinges in the jaw, and, finding no disposition to sleep,
began lo apprehend a sleepless and uncomfortable night.
Presently in comes Franfois with a candle, " Qui est ce
que vous vouley ?" " Monsieur, vous n'avez ordonne de vous
eveiUer a sept heures, et sept heures viennent de sonner,"
I looked at my watch, and it was so. Thus I had slept six
hours so perfectly that I was no way conscious of having
been asleep. Embarrassed in getting off. Stopped al the
commandant's to show passport. At eight got fairly out of
the town, A fine view of Hamburgh and Altona. Clear,
windy, and cold, A little ice. Rise a hill of fifty or sixty
feel, then broken little hills for half a mile, after which less
broken, but sandy, barren, and bleak. Neither trees nor en
closures. Some small patches of wood. Houses of plas
ter ; very few of brick. All covered with thatch, which ac
quires a green moss. The roof, as in Holstein, coming with
in five feel of the ground. The greater part of the houses
without chimneys. There are only five or six houses at
Wille, It is relieved by the small patches of woods which
surround it. My breakfast is tea, bread and butter, boUed
beef, and potatoes ; all good. The beef, slightly salted and
a little smoked, is excellent. This is the first meat I have
tasted in eight days, Al nine P, M, arrived at Rethem
sur I'Aller, being seven miles from Harbourg, and here I
stay for the night. While fire is making in my room,
I am in the family room, where they are making sausages.
Four women at a large table chopping meat. They have
knives shaped like a horseshoe, but larger than half a plate.
Each end is a handle, so that it is held in both hands. Two
beautiful little girls, children of the host, running about and
helping. Rain and hail soon after leaving WUle, The wind blew
a tempest right in our teeth. Night overtook us at two
mUes from Wille. The roads are so very bad, that, having
been thirteen hours from Harbourg, I have made only seven
P 3

346 PRIVATE JOURNAL
miles. The whole way open, uncultivated, barren plains
The roads very like those from Bowling Green lo Peters
burgh, Virginia, al this season. No trees ; now and then a
patch of wood, which is always the sign of a house ; the
houses being always placed in such a patch of forest trees.
One flock of about one hundred sheep, all black, and a herd
of about fifty cattle, is all I have seen. The country, all
this distance from Harbourg, is dreary, and has a desolate
appearance. At this place is the first church in all the dis
tance (about thirty-two English miles), and the first village.
This tavern, which is also the posthouse, is very good.
My ignorance of the language will cost me a dollar to-night.
I told the landlord, who speaks a liltle French, lo give me
my supper in this room, meaning my lea, having thought of
no other supper. The tea was brought in, but without
anything to eat. Asked for bread and butter, and it was
brought. He then asked if I would have my supper now.
Yes. Then was brought soup, bouilli, roast goose, bread,
butter, and cheese. I lasted aU, and found all excellent, and
asked for wine, which I am always belter without. Had a
very pleasant French wine. I have made the landlord write
down for you the name of this vUlage.
13. The supper did me no good. Off at half past seven.
Snow, rain, and wind in our teeth. Pass into a barren
plain about one mile English. Then woods which had been
planted. A chateau, that is, a coarse two-story brick house,
two mills, and four or five farmhouses. Then plain two or
three miles. Stop al a pleasant little valley, through which
runs a' lively brook. (Query, if all brooks are not lively
after a heavy rain ?) The farmhouses are thus : you enter
a large barn door ; on each side cattle in stalls, with their
heads towards the middle or passage. At the farther end
you see a fire in a sort of oven, and, ranged along on one or
both sides of it, kitchen utensils. On one side you open a
door into the common eating-room, in which is a stove
heated by the aforesaid oven.

OP AARON BURR. 347
Here my posliUion took schnaps, for which I paid four
bon gros. Was glad to slop, being very cold. There are
four or five such farmhouses in this valley. Rising very
gently the plain for one mile English lo the right or west,
there is an extensive view. On the summit of this plain are
woods, in which are a great number of buildings about four
teen feet square. Roof-boards and sides wickerwork. No
chimney or window; what can they be for ? Descend gently,
a village and church to the left, on the low plain, now before
us. A rope ferry (the river AUer) ; land on an island, nearly
a mile on a raised causeway ; trees on each side. A bridge
which brings you to the station and town of  , whence
this is written, at a most comfortable house. Two beautiful
girls, both speaking French, not sisters, but too busy to talk
much. At the last stage I was told that there were four re
giments (French) in Nionsborg. Here the lady says there
are none at aU. We shall knovv presently, being only two
mUes and a half off. Statue. A gaUant horse, going on at
a great rate. A hand, issuing from a cloud and holding a
wreath, crowns the horse. Motto, In recto decus.
I forgot to tell you, that while we were at the valley men
tioned on the preceding page, the storm ceased, and the sun
came out. In the ferry-boat with me were five persons, or
bourgeois, all in the same costume, viz., a long blue coat,
straight before, worked worsted buttons, three-cornered
hat, &c.
Nionsborg, six P. M. Almost a dead plain the whole
way. Either wading in mud and water or ploughing through
sand. We were three and a half hours coming these two
miles, and I cannot complain of the postillion. The lady
was right. There are no troops here. It is a smart litlle
town, but here no calash is to be had. I must either go
in an open wagon more than three miles, or wait till morn
ing. rUgo.
Sulingen, December 14. I did come on in an open
wagon last night, and was from seven till one o'clock. Six

348 PRIVATE JOURNAL
hours coming a little more than three miles. You who love
so to ride fast would die lo go at this rate. I could walk
much faster ; but, then, how transport my little malle and
the picture 1
A little before entering Nionsborg, and for half a mile this
side, the country enclosed with hedges and ditches. Then a
small village of half a dozen farmhouses ; a few very small
hUls. Then more than a mile without a house, save one,
which appeared uninhabited. All the way open plain. Some
pretty forests, however, planted by the late sovereign, Gus.
HI., both oak and pine. There is also a small forest of fine
old oak-trees. Al one o'clock arrived at Mr. Luning's, the
father of my young friend. The madgen made me fire and
got tea. Couche at two, but, hating to give more trouble,
slept under the down (duvet) bed, the universal covering in
this country and in Holstein. In about twenty minutes one
of these things heats me up to about 150° of Fahrenheit;
then I throw all off till I get cooled down to the freezing-
point ; then heat again, and so on, repeating the process.
Not very refreshing. At seven was very glad to see the
madgen come in with candle and fire. Mr. Luning came
in and invited me to take breakfast with him below, which
I did. I was exceedingly mortified to learn that I had passed
at Nionsborg a brother of Dr. Bollman, a merchant, very
handsomely established there. Another brother, well settled
in trade at Hoya, three mUes from this. A sister married
to an apothecary at Luneberg, also well. I cannot now go
to see any of them. Mr. Luning offers to go with me any
where and everywhere. Insists on my staying a fortnight,
&c., but I'll do no such thing, though nothing can be more
kind than every member of the family. There are eight
children, three girls and five boys, of whom all are at home
except the two elder sons. You shall have some account
of them another time. I am now planning how to pursue
my journey. The post extra is horribly expensive. It has
cost me eighteen dollars from Harbourg to this. The dili-

OP AARON BURR. 349
gence goes day and night, and at the rate of about one mile
in three hours. An open wagon. Think of trying it to
Hanover. 15. At length I yielded to the solicitations of E. and D.,
and opened the picture. No small labour ; for, lo secure it
more perfectly, I had covered it with cartridge paper, sealed
down to the edge of the box, and over that the lid lied by
a hundred cords. It is in perfect order, and was greatly
admired. Of course, a thousand questions about you. The
girls did it up again without my aid.
Lest I shoiUd lead you into error as to the soil and means
of subsistence in this country, observe that the cattle are not
seen abroad, because they are housed. Though the soU be
thin, yet cultivations are seen more or less extensive, and
where you see a house there is an air of comfort and even
abundance. Though no enclosures are seen except in and
near the towns and villages, yet, as cattle are not allowed to
run al large, this is no impediment lo cultivation. The meat
is very fine. Everywhere good bread; both wheat and rye
are as cheap as on the seacoast. The common fuel is turf,
which is very pleasant for stoves, and so very cheap that
Mr. Luning, who has a very large family, and a house as
big as six of yours al the Oaks, told me that his fuel cost
him but about twelve louis (about fifty doUars) per annum.
Taxes are light even now under the French administration.
The tax on land is about two cents per acre. The French
government derive a revenue of about two millions per an
num from this government (Hanover) ; but this is the mere
conjecture of those I conversed with. I cannot perceive the
sources of one half that sum. While this country was held
by George HI., he made a point that the whole revenue
drawn from the electorate should be expended within it. It
was not, however, appropriated, that I can learn, lo useful
purposes. After leaving you last night I weighed again the merits of
going to Bremen, to Hoya, whither Mr. Luning proposes to

330 PRIVATE JOURNAL
escort me with his carriage, or of going on my route. The
different projects preponderated alternately. Al length I
resolved to go on, and to go with the dUigence, the most
detestable, the slowest, and the cheapest of all modes.
Went to work, packed all up, and lay down at twelve, ex
pecting every minute the diligence. Slept sound till the
madgen came in lo make fire at seven, for I had got rid of
the down covering, and had a light warm quilt in place.
Hearing nothing of the diligence, took another nap till eight,
and now at twelve (midi), il has not arrived. WhUe I am
writing, le bon L. has been up lo offer new parties and al
lurements to detain. Eleon. and Doris, too, have used some
pretty arts ; but I shall resist all and go.
Walked over the village this moming with Mr. Luning,
his mills, houses, and farms. It is a wealthy establishment,
in that style of simplicity which leaves one al ease. Doris
is manager this week. It is a beautiful creature of fifteen ;
more natural grace, and sweetness, and modesty, without
mauvaise honle, I never saw. Played chess last nighl with
Eleonore ; then she gave me a number of songs, accompanied
with the piano. Her voice is very fine, and just enough
formed to leave liltle of the wildness of nature.
Just now school is out, and I counted passing my window
one hundred and four children of each sex. It is fair to
conclude that as many went the olher way, for we are ad
joining the priest's house, opposite the church, in the centre
of the village, which appears lo have about sixty houses.
Not one mean.
But let me tell you how we got on from Nionsborg.
There was a cold wind in our face. Took away the seat;
filled the wagon with straw ; sal down on the straw, with
my back to the horses ; made the postillion sit right against
me, being a full-blooded fellow. His back served as well to
lean against as to keep me warm. In five minutes I could
feel him through aU my clothes, like a heater. He had his
flint, steel, and tinder, and we kept our pipes going the whole

OP AARON BURR. 351
day. During the six hours, from seven to one, I did not get
out of the wagon, nor did I suffer.
Every minute some one of this amiable family is offering
me some kindness or civility. One brings me a fine apple,
another a pear, another a new pipe or better tobacco, and
they are all in constant good-humour with each other. All
the children, except the youngest (Christopher), speak
French fluently. TO TH. ROBINSON. Altona, December 5, 1809.
Your note is received and is very satisfactory. Next lime
please to seal it, for M'lle, J, reads English. I learn that
you stayed more than an hour, and that your time did not
pass heavily. A faithful report has been made to me of all
you said ; but, perhaps, not of all you did.
I shall call on you to-day between one and two. Have
ready the account of your expenses, and, en attendant, the
reply of Forbes. I shall want thirty doUars more. Be pre
pared with the address of Dr. Netzel, and the No. of Brauer.
A. Burr.
TO PROFESSOR EBELING.
Altona, December 5, 1809.
The book* herewith sent for your perusal is a very silly
one, so far as depends on the intellect of the author ; but his
facts are taken from public documents, and may be received
as authentic. The newspapers shall be sent to you to-mor
row morning. By the return of that messenger you may
transmit any commands with which you may favour me for
Brunswick, Cassel, Weimar, Frankfort, or Berlin.
Enclosed is an order for the map of North Carolina. The
engraving is superior to anything which had theretofore ap
peared in the United States. A. Burr.
? Blodget's Statistics, &c.

362 PRIVATE JOURNAL

TO JEREMY BENTHAM.

J Altona, December 5, 1809.
Please to deliver lo the order of Professor Ebeling my
map of North Carolina. It is in three or four sheets, and
will be found in the large trunk. If you should not have
the key of that trunk, let K. open it by force or by gentle
means, as he may see proper. Your devoted pUgrim,
A. Burr.
FROM PROFESSOR EBELING.
Hamburgh, December 5, 1809.
I have the honour to send you the promised letters. You
wUl allow me to add a few remarks on the literary character
of the gentlemen they are addressed to.
Mr. Niebuhr is the son of the celebrated Arabian travel
ler. He is versed in every kind of literature, particularly of
languages and geography. His political knowledge is ex
tensive. He was, before he entered into the privy council of
the king, one of the directors of the Bank of Berlin, He is
just now returning from Konigsberg to Berlin, You will
hear from him of a very valuable work, undertaken by Pro
fessor Vater, at Konigsberg, concerning the languages of
America, lo be published under the name of Mithridates,
Two volumes, containing those of Europe and Asia, are al
ready published. As to America, he is assisted by Mr, Von
Humboldt, and I have sent him books and supplements.
The same author published, just now, a treatise on the ori
gin of the first inhabitants of America, written with the true
spirit of inquiry. Though it deviates in some way from Dr.
Smith Barton's ideas, the author shows him due respect,
Mr, Von Zimmerman was professor at Brunswick, but
is now a pensionary. He is a great mathematician, natural
phUosopher, and statistical author. His Specimen Zoologiae,
Geographiae Quadrupedum domicUia et migrationes Sistens,
published at Leyden, 1777, in quarto, and afterward in three

OF AARON BURR. 353
volumes, enlarged in German by himself, gave him due ce
lebrity. So did his political Survey of the present Political
Stale of Europe, published at London, 1787, octavo. He
translated Pennant's Natural History of Animals, with con
siderable additions and corrections ; Long's Travels in the
interior parts of America ; Imlay on Kentucky ; Bertram's
Travels. One of his latest works is A Comparaison de la
Revolution de France, avec celle de I'Amerique, written in
German and in French, in two volumes. The comparison
is greatly lo the advantage of your country. The very ex
tensive learning of this amiable man, and his character, did
not preserve him from aristocralical prejudices.
Professor Heeren is one of our most enlightened and
learned historians and statistical authors. Among his wri
tings, his ideas on the Politics, Trade, &c., of the principal
Ancient Repubhcs of Carthage, &c., two volumes, octavo,
went through several editions. They are now translated
into French. His History of the Crusades was crowned by
the Imperial Institute at Paris. Just now he published a
Manual of the History of the European System of Stales and
Colonies, from the discovery of America to the establishing
of the French imperial dignity ; a book fuU of new lights
and fine, discerning historical judgment. He is also editor of
several Greek classical authors. His father-in-law is the
much celebrated Mr. Heyne, the editor of Homer, Virgil, Ti
bullus, Exichet, &c., the worthy father of our philology. His
brother-in-law is Professor Blumenbach, a great natural phi
losopher, who possesses a valuable museum, and is keeper
of the Royal Museum at Gottingen, one of the best in the
world, next lo those at Paris and London.
Mr. Hassel, whom I don't know personaUy, is known by
his statistical works, especially by the new ones he pub
lished this year at Gottingen, and by another work which
gives an account of the political state of each empire, king
dom, &c. ; its reigning dynasty, ministers, &c. ; and is to
be renewed every year. We had such a work for a great

354 PRIVATE JOURNAL
many years, but it was interrupted by the war, and never so
judiciously conducted as Mr. Hassel has began al Wiemar.
In case he should be absent (for he shifts his abode), the let
ter may be destroyed.
Your kindness, highly respected sir, will excuse these re
marks and their prolixity, as well as bad style. I have the
honour to wish you a most prosperous journey, and shaU
think myself very happy if, on your return to Hamburgh,
you wUl kindly allow me lo repeat the assurances of my un
feigned respect, C, D, Ebeling, Professor and Public Librarian.
FROM PROFESSOR EBELING. Hamburgh, Dec. 6, 1809.
I have the honour to return Blodget's book, with many
thanks. I copied therefrom a great many materials of more
recent dale than those I am possessed of, or could find in
the Reports of Congress, or in Tench Cox's View, and such
books. The style and method of the author is certainly to
be overlooked ; but, besides that, he is rich in information
on the state of the Union, and I should wish he would con
tinue his collections. It spares a great many troublesome
researches lo a foreigner.
The favour done me by your kindness concerning the
map of North America is very great, and I shall make the
best use thereof, A very intimate friend of mine, formerly
six years my pupU, and now in London, shall lake care of it,
as he will return soon to our country,
C, D, Ebeling,
PROM PROFESSOR EBELING.
Hamburgh, December 7, 1809.
I must excuse myself of a strange error with regard to the
newspapers. Those you have had were old ones of 1807,
intended for the bookbinder, to be inserted into the volumes
of that year he had with him. Another parcel, containing

op AARON BURR. 355
those of the present year, was retained. These I take the
liberty to send you now, as, unhappily, it is not possible for
me lo bring them myself and see how you do. I hope all
is better, and you are perfectly recovered. Perhaps, if you
keep yourself at home, these papers may serve as a pastime,
being of a more recent date.
As for me, I fear a fever is approaching, I shall meet it
with patience, I only regret that it keeps me at home, and
deprives me of the honour and pleasure to wait upon you,
C, D, Ebeling,
TO THE MINISTER OF POLICE, PARIS,
Hamburgh, December 8, 1809.
The undersigned, desiring lo visit Paris from motives of
curiosity and amusement only, has the honour to request
that a passport for that purpose may be transmitted to the
officer of police in Mayence, where he (the undersigned)
proposes lo be in the course of this month.
Lest any doubt may arise as lo his country, he would add,
that his person and his handwriting are known to Mons, le
Compte de Volney, to Mons, d'Hauterive, and to many other
French gentlemen who have travelled in the United Slates,
A, Burr,
TO THE FRENCH MINISTER AT HAMBURGH.
Hamburgh, December 9, 1809.
Mr. Burr takes the liberty of requesting that Monsieur de
Bourrienne would be pleased lo superscribe and forward to
the minister of police in Paris the letter herewith enclosed ;
or, if he should deem it more proper, that he would, in his
correspondence with that minister, make the demand in Mr.
Burr's behalf.
Mr. Burr has been for several days confined to his cham
ber by indisposition (an ague in the face), which has delay
ed his departure, and deprives him of the honour of waiting

356 PRIVATE JOURNAL
personally on Mons. de Bourrienne. He offers respectful
compliments and apologies for this trouble.
TO T. ROBINSON, Altona, December 9, 1809.
My face is in no better order than yesterday. There is
reason to fear that I must submit to further extractions. At
this rate, by the time I am in condition lo travel, I shaU be
without money and without teeth. What consoles me is
the hope, by another day's delay, of seeing an end lo Ho
sack's troubles. Inform me whether you made the proposed
visit, and the result. If favourable, I will go to-morrow in
spile of teeth or weather. A, Burr.
TO MR, MENARD, Altona, December 10, 1809.
Mr, Burr presents respectful compliments, and inquires
whether it would be perfectly agreeable lo Mr, Menard, that
letters which may be received in Hamburgh for Mr, Burr
should be placed in the hands of Mr, Menard for trans
mission. If Mr, Menard should be possessed of any of the Ameri
can newspapers received by the last arrivals, Mr. Burr would
be greatly obliged lo him for the loan of them for a few
hours, Mr, Burr is so far relieved from the complaint in his face
that he hopes to be able to leave town to-morrow.
^ FROM PROFESSOR EBELING, Hamburgh, December 10, 1809.
I am very glad to hear of the restoration of your health,
and heartily wish its continuance. It is a misfortune for me
that my evil did not cease, and kept me from paying you
my respects. It went to a favourable crisis, but it slUl pre
vents me from going out in this bad weather. May this last

OP AARON BURR. 357
have no influence on your health during your whole journey,
which I heartily hope may be prosperous.
I here join a letter to my brother, who wUl have the hon
our to introduce you lo the sister of Mr. Bollman, Mrs.
Derupfwolf. Her husband is a very able apothecary in
Wells, on a large place called Sheland. The other family
lives at Diepholt, beyond the Weser, if I am not mistaken.
I don't know whether Mrs. Sievening has seen the letter
in question. Certainly she will be glad to read it, as she in
terests herself about Mr. BoUman's welfare. Be assured,
sir, of my great respect, and persuaded that I shall be happy
if ever I can execute your commands, or in anything be ser
viceable to you. C. D. Ebeling.
TO TERWALLER LUNING. Altona, December 10, 1809.
At Stockholm, in October last, I became accidentally ac
quainted with your son Diedric, We travelled together lo
Gottenburg, and passed some days there in the same lodg
ing-house, I have never, on so short an acquaintance, been
so much interested by any young man, and I do most cordi
ally felicitate the parents of such a chUd, He has charged
me with a letter to you, which I have promised to deliver
personally ; for this purpose I propose to pass over to Har
bourg, and thence to go directly to Sulingen by the dili
gence. This notice is given lest you might be abroad. I
am on my way to Berlin, and shall pass one night only
with you, I make no apology for writing you in English,
as Diedric has informed me that you read it perfectly weU,
but if you should prefer nous causerons en Frangois,
A, Burr.
TO  DE ZIMMERMAN,
Brunswick, December 20, 1809,
The name of the gentleman whose residence I wish to
discover is Wille, The only other indications I can give

358

PRIVATE JOURNAL

are, that he is the principal clergyman and president of an
academy in one of the small towns of Germany, The first
object of my young friend Robinson is to learn the language
of the country, and for that purpose he desires to have board
and lodging in some plain, quiet family, where German only
is spoken, and spoken with purity, A. Burr,
TO M, MENARD, Brunswick, December 24, 1809.
At the moment of my leaving Altona I was advised by
Mons, de Bourrienne that my passports for France had
been allowed and forwarded to Mayence, My destination
being thus settled, I will, with pleasure, accept the letters
which you were pleased to offer me, Madame M. had
the goodness lo mention a friend whose acquaintance she
thought would be particularly interesting to me ; and in
such matters I value the judgment of a woman above that
of a hundred men of equal understanding. Say so lo Ma
dame Menard, that if she will honour me with quelque petite
commission from Paris, she shall see with what zeal and
punctuality I will execute it. Your friends, Messrs, Lebecs,
have received me with much politeness, Louis, who mar
ried the daughter of the prefect, has two very fine children,
and will soon have another. As my route will be by way
of Wiemar, it wUl be the middle of January before I shall
leave Frankfort, Your letters for Paris may therefore be
addressed to me at that place, to the care of your correspond
ents, Messrs. Freres Bertina, A, Burr.
JOURNAL,
Nieustadt, December 16, 1809, The dUigence came in to
Sulingen al three P, M., and al four I got in and we moved
on towards Nienborg, which is again my route. Arrived
there at eleven. Two passengers in the diligence, A
pleasant Frenchman, and a German who speaks only Ger
man. They were going lo Hamburgh. So that at Nien-

OP AARON BURR, 359
borg we parted ; first having taken tea together, for which
paid ten bon gros — very dear, I am quite satisfied with the
diligence. It is spacious, warm, well cushioned, and, as we
never go off a walk, got a good nap. But, alas, from Nien
borg to Hanover it is an open wagon. Submitted, there
fore, once more to the experiment of post extra. The fellow
charged six bon gros additional for a covered calash, which
is an imposition. Left Nienborg at twelve and arrived
here at six, the distance being two miles and a half. Think
of such a rate of traveUing. Not quite twelve English miles
in six hours. The calash, loo, was badly closed, so that I
suffered with the cold. Nevertheless, slept three hours, and
find myself refreshed and well. The family all asleep when
we arrived. In five minutes had a good fire, and in fifteen
excellent coffee, bread, and butler, served by a girl, the
model of good-humour. There must be good-humour nat
urally, when it is exhibited after being waked, &c., in a cold
frosty morning.
Nieustadt is on a little river ; a branch, I suppose, of the
Aller. An excellent stone bridge ; gales, but no walks.
Has about one hundred and fifty houses.
Hanover, December 16, 1809. Arrived at eleven this morn
ing, my last posliUion being much better than his predeces
sor. From Nieustadt to this place you are the whole day.
between rows of trees planted on each side the road, which
is also ditched on each side and raised in the middle ; but
it is only the sand thrown up, so that the road is very pretty
and very bad. On leaving Nieustadt, saw to the right a
range of blue hills (the first I have seen since crossing the
Elbe), distant, apparently, about four leagues. There are
hopes, therefore, of getting off this tiresome plain.
Had two letters from Luning to Haase and to another per
son. Took lodgings with the former, a cheerful man of
seventy. The letter procured me a good room and good at
tendance. The other, Mr. Menzzer, is quite a young man.
He has been running about with me all day. It is a beauti-

360 PRIVATE JOURNAL
ful little town, containing sixteen thousand inhabitants. The
river, a branch of the Aller, is made to surround it. Prom
enade ^nd extensive rows of trees everywhere, but nothing
of its former splendour. Many valuable and curious things
taken lo Paris. Many of the first families removed to Eng
land. The only garrison here is a small regiment of West-
phalians ; very fine men.
Sent my card to Salcette, and left another for son Excel
lence Madame de Decken. Mr. Menzzer procured me a
ticket to the concert, and thither we went at half past six.
It is given and executed by the gentlemen of the town, ama
teurs and performers. No tickets sold. Admittance only
to those invited. There were, I think, near thirty perform
ers. The room appears to be about one hundred and twenty
feet by fifty. Well lighted by seven lustres pendant from
the ceiling. Ornamented with eight or ten statues, large as
life, nearly plain. Ceiling horizontal, and about sixteen feet
high. The room was very full. At the intervals between
the pieces or acts, they walk about and talk. Mr. de
Spilcker, conseiller de la cour de justice, got introduced lo
me, I don't know how ; a well-bred man of thirty, speaking
French and English. He ciceronied me about the room ;
presented me lo General St. Simon, commandant de la
ville, who had served with Moreau and spoke of him. To
Madame de Decken, who immediately proposed some par
ties, dinners, suppers, &c., and when I announced my in
tention of leaving town lo-morrow, absolutely forbid il. I
yielded, and agreed to be at her command Monday evening.
There were several handsome women, and many comely,
with very fine complexions, hair, &c. The young ladies
put up their hair in various simple and pretty ways; no
caps or headdress ; married women, generally hats or caps.
Of particulars I dare not attempt any. The music pleased
me, particularly two songs. But Madame de Decken,
who is scientific, and from whose judgment there is no
appeal in any matter of taste, was not satisfied. She intro-

OP AARON BURR. 361
duced me to her daughter-in-law, Madame la Baronne de
Wangenheim, handsome, graceful, ladylike woman ; tres
belle laille. Home at nine. No supper, having had tea be
fore I went out. For dinner, took a small bowl of soup,
finding myself healed by the journey. Learning that the
diUgence, a covered wagon, leaves this for Brunswick on
Tuesday morning, resolved to go with it. The difference
of expense is some indemnity for the delay.
17. Waked this morning at seven, and found myself in a
high fever, with a difficulty of respiration. Threw off the
bedclothes, but no relief. A strong smell of burned wool led
me, at length, to suspect the cause of this strange malady.
The door to my stove is in the entry or hall, so that the fire
is made without coming into my room. The boy, in great
kindness, had, at an early hour, heated the stove to that de
gree, that a pair of woollen stockings (my fine Edinburgh
knit stockings) and a pair of culottes, which I had hung at
least three inches from the stove, were so burned as to be
ruined. Got up, opened the window, and found I could
breathe well enough ; but I assure you I have been all day
much the worse for the baking.
Al ten came in Mr. Menzzer, and at eleven I went to
Mons. de Spilcker's. Having early received a card from the
governor, General la Salicelte, called on him and sat a few
minutes. A man of prepossessing physiognomy and pleas
ing manners. He engaged me lo dine with him lo-morrow.
Just before I had engaged myself to De Spilcker, but he
very kindly agreed lo let me off. Mr. de Sp. then went
with me lo Mr. Commander General St. Simon, who asked
me to dine either to-day or lo-morrow ; being engaged both
days, was obliged to decline. To the first librarian, a very
amiable old gentleman, who received me most kindly. To
Madame de D.'s, who was out ; sent up my card to Mr. de
D., who received us. A very dignified and courteous man.
Home at one. Found the card of Madame de Decken.
At the moment of my return came in Mr. de Patje, who iii-
VoL. I.— Q

362 PRIVATE JOURNAL
troduced himself to me. Hearing of my arrival, and wish
ing the honour of my acquaintance, &c., &c., which is cer
tainly civil and hospitable in a high degree. An intelligent
and well-bred man.
At two went to dine with my friend Menzzer (who had
invited me also yesterday), en famille. Mel there, among
others, Mr. Palm, an interesting young man ; a great friend
of Erick Bollman. This at once made us acquainted. To
the theatre. Hamlet. I admire very much the Theatre au
Palais, where I was lo see Hamlet in German, translated
from Shakspeare. There is parterre and five rows of boxes.
No gallery. As in Edinburgh, there is a place assigned for
les courlisannes. The curtain is, of the ornament of the
theatre, the thing most worthy of notice. I will endeavour
to get a description for you. It is about the size of that in
Philadelphia ; but in every part of the house you hear dis
tinctly. I saw nothing very remarkable in the performers.
The style of acting a good deal like that in England. Stayed
only two acts, having engaged lo go lo the " Theatre PhUo-
sophique" (sleight of hand). Here met Madame de Decken
and la belle K. ; with the latter went home. The tricks and
sleight of hand were very fatiguing to me, but I was indem
nified by the ventriloquism. I am satisfied, however, that
it is an acquirement ; an act, and not, as many have supposed,
a natural gift.
1 8. For fear of another baking, had forbid my fire to be
made liU I should be up and order il. Al ten came in Mr.
Palm. He has exactly the features, the profile, and charac
ter of countenance of John Swartwout, and his height, but
not so lusty ; more blonde ; younger by ten years. Went at
•eleven to see President Patje. Out. On returning home
found the card of le Conseiller Feder. A visit from com
mandant the General St. Simon, a very handsome young
man. From Mr. Meyer, le ministre de police. Walked out,
and, seeing the door of a church open, went in. Surcharged
,wilh gilding and ornament. Two gaUeries. The panels

OF AARON BURR. 363
between the first and second gallery, a suite of paintings ;
forly or fifty Scripture history. Nothing remarkable.
Evening. No, indeed ; looking al my watch, it is half past
one, and, therefore, philosophically speaking, Tuesday morn
ing. Mr. Palm promised to call on me, and I waited from
twelve till four, but he came not, which I very greatly regret.
Something has prevented, for I am sure he wished the inter
view. Took hack lo go to dinner, and on the way called on
Menzzer. Saw also madame, but la belle  not there.
Thence to La Salicette's. There were three French ladies
and about a dozen gentlemen, of whom only le President
Patje appeared lo me lo be German. Le commandant was
there, and offered me letters, which I very gladly accepted,
particularly one for Mayence. Now, if you have not for
gotten your geography, that would tell you where I am go
ing, which has hitherto been kept secret. At that moment
came in Mr. Menzzer, lo give me my ticket for the diligence,
which he had procured (and now it occurs that he must have
paid for it), and to take leave.
It is too late to give you an account of the parly at Mr.
Decken's, or to relate the affectionate letter and present of
caravan tea received this afternoon from Mr. Luning, the
father. Mr. Menzzer tells me that the diligence goes al five,
and that he will send a servant to call me al half past four.
Brunswick, December 19. I was up al half past four, and
we were off at five. As I got into the diligence, saw, by
the light of the lamp, a very pretty youth, apparently seven
teen or eighteen, whom, but for the dress, I should have sup
posed a girl. La Caval. and her lover are two itinerant mu
sicians. They amused me much on the road. At parting,
each of them slung a box on the back, and marched off
cheerful as birds.
We arrived at eleven this evening. We have been very
industrious. Eighteen hours to make this eight miles. The
country for about half way is the same sandy plain with
which you have been so fatigued. Then less sandy, and
Q2

364 PRIVATE JOURNAL
perhaps a little more fertile, but stiU a plain. Panel is the
first town in Westphalia ; but we had no " visiles" of police-
officers. It wiU be matter of curiosity to you lo see a biU of the
expenses of this mode of travelling, say for the eight mUes.
Paid at Hanover, I don't know for what, to the wagon-meister,/oOT bon gros . 4
Douceur, now established by law, to each postiUion, four bon gros ; three
postiUions  12
To the other two wagon-meisters, two bon gros each  4
Fare of passenger, seven bon gros per German mile ... .56
Breakfast, coffee, bread and butter  7
Luncheon (bread, butter, cold beef, and beer)  4
Pipe and tobacco  1
Bon gros  88
Twenty-four bon gros to a dollar ; say three dollars and sixty-two cents.
Now and then a little appearance of blue hiUs, stUl to the
right. We seem to be riding parallel to them. Passed
through the burned viUage of  . Among the ruins a
fine, large, ancient Gothic church. The poor people are
very busy rebuilding. Walked over the town of Panel,
Everything looks old and decaying, Il seems to have been
formerly fortified.
Lettre de L. Menard et Co., a Messrs. Freres.
Lobecke et Co., Brunswick.
De Professor Ebeling, a Herru Etats Rath Von Zimmer
man, Braunsweig.
Sent the above, with my card, chez Brendecke ; also lettre
de C. H. Donner, a Mons. Conseiller d'Elat de Zimmerman,
Bronsvic. I wrote Zimmerman a note that I would call at eleven,
and went with it myself at ten. Sent in the letters and card.
He, hearing that I was below, invited me up, and I sat half
an hour. Mr. Zimmerman is the author of that statistical
account of Europe which you have seen. He wrote it in
England and in English. Author, also, of many things
which you have not seen, but which you wiU see. He is
about seventy-two, cheerful, animated, and extremely frank ;

OP AARON BURR. 366
of prepossessing countenance and manners, simple and
courteous. Talking on American affairs, I happened to
express a sentiment not usual. He turned to one of his
books and read me the same idea. You know how such
an incident advances an acquaintance. Thence to the
Hotel d'Anglelerre, where found Hosack and Robinson.
We were very glad lo meet. Hosack had got out of his
trouble. Agreed lo dine at my quarters. StroUed about
the town. Went into St. Michael's and another church;
both Gothic. The latter has a splendid and beautiful altar-
piece. Neither of them very large ; also, the cloister (nun
nery), which always fills me with the most painful reflections.
Returned to my quarters, and, while we were at dinner,
two of the Lebecke's came in. (Note — the usual dining
hour in this place is one o'clock.) One of them invited me to
pass the evening and sup, and, seeing my two friends, whom
I mentioned as my countrymen and companions, he invited
them also. At six he sent his carriage for me, and we went.
He resides with his father-in-law, the prefect of this district,
being, of course, the first in point of rank. The house is a
very spacious building, on the square by the cloister, and
is called La Prefeture. There were about twenty-five
present, and nearly an equal number of either sex. Sev
eral pretty women. Madame Lebecke, wife of the elder
partner of the house (I believe uncle of the olher), is the
handsomest and youngest woman I ever saw having a son
twenty-three years of age. On the first floor, which you
call the second story, there were a suite of four large rooms,
which we occupied. Then a baUroom about sixty or sev
enty feet square, and twenty or thirty high, finished with
taste and expense, which is the centre of the house. Of
course, the same rooms on the other side. The company
were easy and social. Cards, conversation, cakes, lemon
ade, sangaree, &c. At eleven, hot supper. I played chess
with' le fils, &c. Home al twelve.
21, At ten came in Robinson ; soon after, Hosack, with le

366 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Baron de Schale, governor du palais. He proposed to go
with me lo the mint. As we were going out, met Monsieur
Mercier, commissaire general de la haute police, a Bruns-
wicker, lo make a visit. He agreed to join and walk with
us. The mint is not a very large establishment; about fifty
men employed. They coin for their neighbours also. Got
a sample of their small silver coins, new and shining, to add
to Gamp.'s coUection. The baron left us at the mint. Mer
cier walked about with me. I like him much.
At three De Zimmerman came to lake me lo dine, and he
had had the politeness to invite, also, Hosaek and Robinson.
It was al a restaurateur's that we dined-y-Professor Empe-
rius et de Florincourt, both speaking English ; very intelli
gent. Hosack and Robinson went off at six to go to the
concert. I sat tUl nine. Much conversation on American
and German affairs.
22, Went at ten to Zimmerman's and to Mercier's, who
engaged me to dine to-day. To Baron de Schale's, where
introduced to M'lle. la Bar., a pretty, genteel, amiable girl.
To the museum by appointment with Emperius, who has
the charge of it. Mr. Denon had taken to Paris some of
the most curious articles ; but much remains. Several
heads, real antiques, Grecian and Roman. Collection from
Herculaneum and from Egypt. Called at the prefect's ;
being near two, they were at dinner. Left card. Strolled
an hour. Al three to Zimmerman^s. Home at four. Took
coach to go lo dine with Mercier at five-y-D'Escalonne, Conl.
des Postes, and De Valentine. Off at eight. Mr. M. would
attend me. Engaged to breakfast with Mercier.
Costume of the paysan a very long white coat of canvass
(sail duck), lined with red flannel ; waistcoat various colours,
generally striped, red and green predominant; large hat,
cocked before and flapped behind.
Women. The cap generally while, close lo the head on
the back, reaching not quite to the ears ; huge baskets, not
like the pretty little Altona baskets. No public women.

OF AARON BURR, 367
After leaving the mint Mr, Mercier went with us lo the
lacquered ware manufactory. The most famous in all Eu
rope for that ware. In it are upward of twenty painters
employed. Am very sorry that I cannot stay here long
enough to get your picture put on a small box, for here are
artists of the first merit, FROM P, MERCIER, Brunswick, January 3, ISlOl
Your letter from Cassel only reached me yesterday, I
received it with particular satisfaction, and beg you will be
good enough lo entertain me often with such tokens of your
remembrance. The two articles of intelligence mentioned by you are
certainly of a very important nature, and one of them must
have fixed seriously your attention, though it must be now
allowed that eighteen months ago it would have been of ma
terial consequence lo your interest to have known as much
of that affair as you do al present. Nevertheless, it is my
opinion that your advances lo somebody wiU be welcome on
the subject, and I advise you not to let the opportunity slip,
I hope to hear from you on that topic from Paris,
Your baise mains tres respectieurs to the Lady O, have
met a very kind reception ; and, in return, you have her
thanks and compliments. P Mercier,
23. At half past ten to Mercier's to breakfast k la four-
chelte. Fearing there would be only wine and meat, look
coffee before I went. Met there De Valentine, Mr. D'Es-
calonne, Conlroleur des Postes, and a young man, supposed a
relative of Mercier. Home at twelve, when Zimmerman
came in and sat half an hour. Story of Archentloiz, a
gambler and swindler. His fraud on Baron Berkley, of Zu
rich, for which the baron caused him to be imprisoned at
Berlin. Received a note from Mercier, stating that the gen
tleman proposed as connpagnon de voyage for me to Cassel
had made a different arrangement. Thus 1 am condemned

368 private journal
either to wait till Monday night for the diligence, or to take
post extra.
Since writing the above, which was about two P, M,, I
have been deliberating on the important point mentioned in
the last paragraph, and have al length resolved once more to
submit to the horrors of post extra tout seul, as far al least
as Gottingen. As usual, therefore, I have everything to do;
everything lo pack up, the most dire of all labour, and twenty
letters to write, having not yet begun. Have been employed
as follows : at three to Zimmerman's, by appointment (note,
took no dinner, my breakfast a la fourchette sufficing) J
sat an hour with Zimmerman, He is a most interesting
man. At the age of seventy-one he has the animation, the
ardour, and the sensibility of youth. Replete with science,
and a mind really vigorous and correct : withal frankness
and cheerfulness, which render him a very interesting, social
companion. Would have stayed longer, but had engaged lo
meet Robinson and Hosack at half past four. R. and H,
came, and with them Zimmerman fils. They all sal more
than an hour, and till I wished them gone, as I expected
Mercier at six ; but the young Zimmerman entertained us
very much with anecdotes of various personages ; of the
Duke of Brunswick ; Captain Helvig, son of the professor of
this place ; of the late Dr. Zimmerman, author of " Solitude,"
&c. He died insane at Hanover. His son is now mad.
My friend here is no relation, or very distant.
At six came in Mercier. He is a native of the island of
Martinique, Educated in Philadelphia. Has served eleven
years in the French armies. Is here commissary-general
de la haute police. Does not look more than thirty. Has
a wife, Frangoise, long indisposed, and supposed incurable.
While we were talking, Zimmerman le pere came in to bring
me a letter for a friend of his in Weimar (you will find out,
presently, aU where I am going, which I did not intend).
These two men, though living in the same town, had never
before met. Zimmerman lives very retired, continually

OF AARON BURR, 369
writing. He went off and left Mercier, who sat tiU nine.
Gave me two letters to his friends at Cassel, There is a
rumour that the king will not be there tiU the thirtieth, though
he had appointed the twenty-fifth.
Gottingen, December 'ib, 1809, I was too busy yesterday
to write you a line. We must, therefore, go back to Sunday
morning, I rose at seven. At half past nine went lo Mer
cier lo prevent his calling on me. He had already got out
and gone to my lodgings. Fortunately, we met in the street,
and he came home with me, Sor, again to Baron de Schale.
Out; but my servant and pilot, who spoke only German,
hearing rae also ask for M'lle, la Baronne, brought her pell-
mell down stairs into the court in dishabille, and lo see she
knew not whom, nor for what. Went up and sat half an
hour with m'lle, ; a very pleasing, pretty, amiable personne.
Thence to Labecke's, He had gone that day lo Cassel ; but
saw the beau pere le prefect. Thence lo Zimmerman's,
where half an hour. He gave me a letter for the celebrated
astronomer, Mr. Gaus. Home, and met going in to see me
Mr. d'Escalonne, I'Instructeur des Postes. He had got me
a carriage ; that of Monsieur Otto, I'lnstrucleur-general des
Posies de Westphalie, and would take me with him to see
Mr. Otto. Went, and found him and his wife, an English
woman. A very sprightly, charming Yorkshire girl. They
begged me lo lake breakfast with them k la fourchette at
half past one. Agreed, Mercier came in and walked home
with me. Talked of X, (Mexican) matters and things — the
moment favourable. Home ; wrote Menard and Prathes,
the bookseller al Hamburgh. Also a note to Robinson, to
tell him to call at three. To breakfast at the hotel Roi de
Prusse (natalis). Sat down at two; three courses of meat;
variety of wines and coffee, Il was lo me exceedingly like
dinner, having breakfasted at eight, Mel there D'Escalonne,
Mercier, and Otto. Sat till four. All very gay. All talk
ing English except Escalonne. A good deal of X. again.
AU want a hand. Monsieur Otto gave me a circular letter
Q3

370 PRIVATE JOURNAL
to all the postmasters on the road ; something lo expedite
me ; being in German, I could not read il ; but it made the
postmeisters amazingly active. Every one, after reading it,
made me a most profound bow.
Got home a little past four. On the Way met M'lle. la
Baronne and walked with her. Found Hosack and Robin
son al my quarters, and they helped me to pack up. The
horses came before I was ready, punctually at five, as I had
ordered, with the handsome carriage of Mr. Otto. Off at
six, and arrived here about noon, this 25th of December,
being Christmas day. The first three miles flat as before,
then more and more hilly. Belter settled and cultivated.
Nothing very remarkable, except about one mile back, saw
the ruins of a romantic castle on the summit of a hill on my
left. Find, on inquiry, that it is one of those enchanted cas
tles, where was held in durance a lady, who was delivered
by the valiant knight R. I regret exceedingly, for your sake,
that I did not go to see it, you do so love enchanted castles.
One of the lowers is almost entire, and is very lofty.
The distance from Braunschweig (Branswick ; all these
different spellings are from authority) lo this place is about
fifty English mUes. The road very bad, though the greater
part of the way chausse (turnpike) ; immediately on my ar
rival sent my two letters to the professors Heeren and Gaus.
Mons. Heeren came in almost instantly, and found me dress
ing. Agreed to call in one hour, which he did. Walked
lo Professor Gaus, I'aslronome tres celebre un jeune homme,
peut etre 28 lo 32. Will relate to you an anecdote of his
history, very honourable to him and to Zimmerman, who
discovered him. To the Obs.ervatory. The largest tele
scope is about ten feel long and one diameter. The Observa
tory is one of the castles (rotundos) of the old walls. Thence
to the library. Two hundred thousand volumes.
Took tea with Professor Heeren, Home at six. Took
tea again, and have ordered my horses for four to-morrow
piorning. Snowed all yesterday tUl near noon to-day. Not

OF AARON BURR. 371
fast. Now chiefly melted. Only increases the cold and
the mud. Was very chilly last night, so resolved to take
a sleep to-night. There are now here about five hundred
students. Cassel, December 26, 1809. This is now the capital of
the kingdom of Westphalia. Notwithstanding my resolu
tion, did not go to bed till eleven last night. At four was
waked, but so imperfectly that I turned over and slept till
five. It had been snowing all nighl, and there are three or
four inches of snow on the ground, which makes the travel
ling even more tedious than usual. Snowed hard ; always
wind ahead on land. Was glad to keep myself close ;
scarcely looked out till we got to the end of our first stage,
three miles (about sixteen English miles). Munden is at
the confluence of the Werts and the Fulda, which together
form ihe Weser. As you approach Munden, the north bank
of the Weser being very high (I should suppose three hun
dred feet) and very steep, a road for some hundred yards is
cut in the side of the mountain. To your right a hedge and
a fine view of the town, which has the appearance of great
antiquity. You cross the Werts on a very solid stone
bridge. Stopped al the posthouse, where were several
pretty children, and two pretty, genteel-looking girls ; the
youngest, about sixteen, Louisa, tall, graceful, had just re
ceived cadet, a very handsome guitar, but I could not per-.
suade her to give me a tune. Got breakfast, and off at
twelve, having been detained one hour lo get my earriag©
mended. On leaving Munden, you leave the Fulda oit your right,
and a like mountain on your left, into which a road is cut as
before. This hUl is cut into walks, and laid out into whim
sical gardens to the very top, within half a mile English and
more of the town. Then you leave the river and ascend by
a gentle acclivity. It appeared to me to be an English mile
from the bottom to the top of this hill. Much such a one as
that you rise in coming from FishkUl to PeekskiU. Woods

372 PRIVATE JOURNAL
on each side tUl you approach the summit, which is a plain,
whereon is a viUage and church. After rising and descend
ing several considerable hills, you open at once on an exten
sive valley, surrounded by mountains. The Fulda winding
through the valley, and in the centre of il Cassel, of which
you have a perfect bird's-eye view, being, I should suppose,
more than two hundred feet above it. From the first view
of Cassel till you reach it may be about two EngUsh mUes,
following the road. The approaches are extremely pictu
resque. Cross the Fulda on a very handsome stone bridge.
At three I was put down at the Hotel de Westphalie, where
I have an indifferent room, and a prospect of bad attend
ance. Rising that long hill we overtook a very old man, evi
dently exhausted by the storm and the fatigue, with a
younger one, about thirty, by his side, aiding him. The
young man addressed himself lo the postillion to ask a
place for the patriarch. The postiUion referred him to me.
The young man turned to me. Made me a speech with an
accent the most pathetic, and a countenance full of sweet
ness and solicitude. The pantomime was eloquent, for I
understood not a word, though every syUable was perfectly
intelligible. The old man cast a pensive look of humble
expectation. I did not wail to hear out the speech. The
drama spoke most feelingly. We all assisted the old man
to gel in, and we put him down at the door of a decent
house in the vUlage. Three comely young women ran out
in all the snow, and seemed to strive for the first embrace.
An old woman at the window partook of the joy at his re
turn. He told them that he was indebted to me ; and I had
a hundred courtesies, and be danke mucKs, and might, if I
had been out, have had as many kisses. I never saw the
scene half as well acted on any stage. That man, thought
I, has lived happy, and will die happy.
While dressing, sent out my letters, with cards to the
following :

OP AARON BURR. 373
From Mercier to le Count de Furstenheim, who was
with the king (Jerome) in the United Slates ; now Premier
Ministre d'Elat.
A Mons. de Bercagny, Prefect de Pohce.
A Mons. AUeye, Employe dans le depart. d'Etrang., from
Gen, St. Simon, at Hanover.
A le Col. Wolff, Commandant le Chev. leg. du Guarde
Royale. From Professor Zimmerman, or his son, lo le Baron de
Nordenflycht. To le Comte de Levinkjelm, with three lines of titles.
Enough, surely, for the four days I have allotted lo this
place. There was no theatre open at Brunswick. Here is
both a French and a German. There being an opera al the
French to-night, I am going lo lake a seat incog, in the " Par
terre noble."
11 P. M. The theatre is small, but very beautiful. The
king's box crimson and gold. Gilded lattices. The house
is lighted by a lustre, suspended from the middle of the ceil
ing, containing forty-nine Argand lamps. The auditors may
see each other very distinctly. There was not a performer
remarkable for beauty, or voice, or diction. M'Ue. Deletre
much in the style of Mrs; Johnson, but more animated ; the
best. Got near a sensible, conversible man. Upon the whole,
was much amused, and got the worlh of my sixteen bon gros ;
exactly half a dollar, which is the highest price for any seat
in the house. The bill is enclosed to save me the trouble of
answering a dozen questions. The orchestra good. About
thirty performers. The whole house (four rows of boxes)
maybe able to contain six or eight hundred. Did not see a
single striking face (though there might have been fifty
which I did not see). The side boxes not brilliant. The
king not arrived. The convocation of the states postponed
till the 10th of January ; won't stay here, that's pos.
27. Rose at 8. Off before breakfast lo the stagehouse
(posthouse) to see about the ways and means of getting off,

374 PRIVATE JOURNAL
whither I have not told you. To Gotha and Weimar ; and
for what ? Ay ; that you'll know when I get there. A dil
igence goes at 1 P. M. Friday the 29th. The day after to
morrow. In that I go. No more extra post.
After breakfast called on Mr. Maylau with my letter. of
credit for the enormous sum of  ; no matter, it shall
carry me to Paris, hussy. Then look coach and went to
see the celebrated palace, now called Napoleon Hohe. Went
through the buildings. The main building all new furnished
from Paris ; the right wing with the furniture of the late
prince. The old palace, higher up the mountain, in ruins,
with arms, armour, and furniture of the Middle Ages. Had ,
not time to go to see Hercules on the lop of the mountain,
nor the immense Orangerie. Two statues and two pictures
of the king; not one of the queen. The maitre, keeper, or
prem. valet who shows ihe house, was in the same capacity
to ihe expelled prince. Much like a gentleman ; amused me
greatly. The bedrooms. The Cyprian Alcove, lined with
mirror ; not, however, for her majesty to see her royal /ace.
Home al three ; paid two dollars to one, and one dollar
to another (showers) at the two palaces. Instead of dinner,
walked out to see the town. Il is really unique in many
particulars. I will endeavour to buy some tableau, for I am
bad at description, nor is it possible to afford the time. Home
at 5 and had tea. Gave up the opera that I might write to
you and make notes.
Only think ; not one of my cards returned, nor any mes
sage. A gentleman in regimentals (a subaltern) has called
and inquired for me ; but left neither message nor card !
The streets of Cassel are badly lighted. It is said to con
tain about nineteen thousand inhabitants. They are build
ing a new penitentiary a'nd workhouse. What a pity they
know nothing of Panopticon.
Snowing all day, and about six inches on the ground.
These mountains are parts of the Harlz, of which Bruken or
Broken, famed in legend, is the highest. About the height

OP AARON BURR. 375
of our AUeghany. The Giant's Mountain! another of
Harlz, Booths, tents, &c,, are in all the squares and large streets
in Hamburgh, Brussels, Cassel, &c, (a sort of fair). All
kinds of wares, especially toys, Gampy would run mad lo
see them. Horses of all sorts, sizes, and colours. Some
mounted with men, some with women astride, slicking out
their toes and going at such a rate.
The watch in Hamburgh and Brunswick have the rattle,
and also a sort of trumpet, sounding like those of Gampy,
Swedish watch. The bident with spring, on a pole eight
feet long ; lo catch a man round the neck or body, and hold
him quietly at a distance. It seems to be presumed here
(Sweden) that a man who is disorderly must be either drunk
or mad, and, in either case, ought not lo be hurl. In Eng
land he would be first knocked down, and then questioned,
28, Mr, de Marten, very celebrated as the author of a
book on the law of nations, " Relations Exterieurs," being
the only man in this place whom I had any real wish to see,
sent him my card, with a message that I should call on him
at any hour he would be al leisure in the forenoon. Re
plied that he would be happy to see me from eleven lo
twelve, Sor, to Meylert's about money. He promised to
call on me al two. To several booksellers' to get map and
tableau of Cassel, Bought you a beautiful map of the Na
poleon Hohe and its environs, for which paid the enormous
sum of one dollar and a half. The bookstores here are
humble things. Thence to the posthouse again, to be sure
of the diligence. The man put me quite in a fever by tell
ing me that it had just gone ! Only think of the horrid al
ternative of waiting here a week, or taking post extra for fif
teen German miles ! It put me quite out of breath. For
tunately, the man was mistaken. The dUigence goes at
three P, M, lo-morrow.
At twelve to M, de Marten's, A tall, handsome man,
about forty-two. Dark hair and eyes ; very sprightly in his

376 PRIVATE JOURNAL
manner. He received me with very great politeness, and
thanked me over and over again. Expressed great regret at
my determination lo leave town lo-morrow. Home at one.
Read Moniteur de Westphalie till two. Dinner at table
d'hote. Six at table. Not one who could speak French.
A very young professeur from Koningsberg was the only
one whose countenance strongly invited acquaintance.
At three, Meylert not coming, went again, to the post-
house, and actually paid for a seal in the diligence, so that
you wiU no longer dare to doubt whether I go to-morrow.
To convince you, hussy, here is the receipt. Oh, I forgot
to leU my dear litUe Gampy he would have jumped out of
his skin to see it. Such a famUy and such music. But I
muat give him the particulars. 1st, the principal person
age was a jackass ; 2d, two monkeys dressed in regimen
tals, one in green, the olher in scarlet ; 3d, an enormous
bear ; 4th, a drummer and bagpipe. But they did dance in
such a style, and the monkeys played so many tricks to the
poor bear, and Herr bear did so growl, and Gamp, did so
laugh. But I'U tell him all about il next time.
Yesterday I must have been possessed by the devU. A
pretty litlle girl about six years old came into my room, with
a liltle guitar in her hand, and, muttering a few words in
German, began lo sing and play. Could you imagine any
thing more calculated to fascinate me ? I drove her rudely
out. To be sure I did give her a gooden groshen, which
was probably much more than she expected ; but I was un
kind. One minute after I was sorry, and sent for her, but
she was not to be found ; and I have been all day looking
out for her in vain. There are troops of these singers and
players of all ages and sexes. Several of them have amused
me very much. One in particular, a girl of about eleven,
has a very fine voice, and which she accompanies with her
violin in a charming style. Have a great mind to bring her
out to the United States for you. She would teach Gamp.
German, and would presently serve him other purposes.

OF AARON BURR. 377
She is quite decently dressed, but, as all the girls of the lower
order are here, bareheaded. Snowing all the while and very
cold, yet playing out doors, and, of course, without a glove.
She must be as tough as a little white bear. I wUl bring
her out for litlle Gamp.
I am to-day more civil lo all these little creatures, to atone
for the barbarity of yesterday. How truly English that was !
Not a visit from any one of my six addresses. Tant mieux,
I have seen De Marten, and all I wish to see, and shall get
off the sooner, and henceforth you will see fewer delays,
Ecoutez. At Gottingen Professor Heeren told me two
very important articles of news, 1st, The divorce of em
peror and empress. The manner of it is noble and worthy
of him, 2d, The emperor's assent lo the independence of
Mexico and the other Spanish colonies. Now why the
devil didn't he tell me of this two years ago ?
Bischausen, December 30. This place is four miles west
from Cassel. Sat up till two on Thursday night, pretending
to write, and got ready for setting off on Friday. At nine
sent to Meylert, who came over with twenty-three Fred.
d'ors, which I had agreed to lake. At eleven received card
of Mons, AUeze, who sent word that he had not sooner been
able to find me. At twelve came in De Marten and sal
half an hour. He offered many allurements lo change my
determination of leaving town. The most powerful, and
which, indeed, made me hesitate, was his conversation. He
resembles Gallatin, with more of fashion and animation, and
something younger. Happening lo mention the resemblance,
it came out that his belle mere was born a Gallatin and Gen-
evise, Mr, de Marten is a Hamburgavise by birth.
At two came in Bercagny, le com, general de police, I
was in my traveUing costume. My trunk packed and ready.
He apologized over and over again for the delay of his visit
(business was the burden of it). Asked me to dine. Pro
posed various parties. It was too late. I had really deter
mined to go. Mr. Bercagny is a very gay, cheerful man of

378 PRIVATE JOURNAL
about forly. Looks loo good-tempered for his office. He
sat till I wished him gone, and gave signs of impatience, for
I feared lo lose my passage in the diligence. At three punc
tually went to the stageoffice with my baggage. There were
no signs of going. It was blowing and snowing violently.
After pacing the courtyard about twenty minutes, I fortunate
ly found the conductor, and very fortunately he could speak
French. Told me the diligence wouid go a liule after five,
and begged me to be punctual. I was punctual; then it
would certainly go at six. By way of consolation, went lo
my quarters and took dinner. Was in the field again at six,
and determined not to quit it. At seven we set off. The
storm had risen to a tempest. Our road lay right through
the mountains, something like those about Croton and Peeks-
kill. The snow had become deep, and in many places ex
cessively drifted. We were six in the wagon. I had the
worst place, which is everywhere the lot of a stranger, ex
cept in Scotland and Sweden. The storm in our face ; the
wagon badly covered ; we were all covered with snow.
Every half hour we got fast in some snowdrift. Once we
were obliged to send back a postillion an English mile for
additional horses lo drag us up a mountain ; and at another
time lo send as far forward to gel men and tools to dig us
out of the snow and open a path. These operations cost
us about two hours each, between twelve and five in the
night. We arrived here at two P. M. this day, having been
nineteen hours indefatigably employed in getting over four
miles, about nineteen English miles. .And what do you
here ? And why don't you go on ? Infandum regina jubes.
But I will tell you. The diligence goes no farther on my
route lUl six A. M. to-morrow. Having resolved against
post extra, here I wail, with all imaginable patience, in a
humble inn, where I am received with extreme good-humour
and filth, and having dined on potatoes and drank beer, and
since some execrable lea, which was unnecessary, I am now,
at ten, about to undergo the operation of stewing and freez-

OP AARON BURR. 379
ing, as heretofore described, there being no sort of covering
except the down bed.
I suffered a good deal with the cold last night. My com
panions appeared quite at ease. They were in constant
good-humour. Sung a great deal, two of them having very
fine voices. Among them all, during the whole nineteen
hours, I did not hear a single lone or expression of ill-hu
mour or impatience.
31. At six A. M. up and ready lo move, so soon, at least,
as I shall have swallowed my coffee, which is on the stove
by my side. Take notice, madame, that I never again get
under one of these infernal down beds. It has been a night
of extreme fatigue.
Gotha, December 31, 1809. At the moment of writing the
last line above, the wagon-meister came a third lime to in
form me that the diligence was waiting, and added that the
passengers (I had before understood that there were none)
were growing impatient. Disposed of my coffee, paid my
bill, 32 gooden groshen, and packed up my loose articles
with all possible despatch, and al half past seven we were
under way.
The passengers were three paysans going to Eisenach.
They strove to amuse me by details regarding the country
through which we were passing, and the incidents of modern
times. If my pipe were out, they would run through the
snow one hundred yards to fetch me fire, &c. We had six
horses to drag us up the mountain. These mountains are
no more than great hills. At every quarter of a mile a vil
lage. The soil is better here than in the plains of Hanover.
Al three we changed horses and postillion. Oui new pos
tillion was an angel ; quite inspired. We went on a trot
more than half the vvay, and once he actually galloped for
near two hundred yards. At four we were at Eisenach,
having made five miles in eight and a half hours, A most
wonderful transit for this region.
Eisenach is in a valley of three or four leagues in circum-

380 PRIVATE JOURNAL
ference, and several hundred feet below the surrounding
mountains ; one of which conceals it from your view liU you
enter the suburbs. It may have about ten thousand inhab
itants. The plain, however, is in view. Eisenach was (is)
a walled town ; the walls of stone, now in decay. On the
right, as you enter, a castle, about one hundred feel above
the town, walled in, and capable of defence (before cannon
was invented). It is a neat town. Has a theatre open this
very night ; formerly the residence of majesty ; no, that must
be a mistake.
These little walled towns are a great nuisance lo a trav
eller. Searches and questions. The theatre would have
detained me ; but I did wish to examine the noble ruins of
a castle on the very summit of a mountain immediately be
yond (on this side) the town. It is exactly the scene of a
fairy tale. Here, no doubt, many a fairy damsel has been
confined by diabolical enchantments, and delivered by valiant
Christian knights. But a matter nearer home engaged my
attention. The postmaster, who speaks French, informed
me that the diligence must wait till that from Frankfort ar
rived, which was not expected tUl midnight, and might be
later. Having been two nights without rest (happy New-
year, the clock strikes twelve ; a band of music is playing
near my window, guns firing, as with us, &c.), and undergo
ing great fatigue, I determined to take posthorses to Gotha.
Went to a tavern, took lea, and at five was in my calash.
The postillion was a slow-motioned rascal, who was five
and a half hours bringing me lo this place, and my first busi
ness was to go personally to the diligence-office and se
cure a place for the morning. The expense of post extra is
here beyond all bearing. Before Eisenach, we enter the
kingdom of Saxony (Charles Loss's kingdom) ; and here I
am in a great auberge, where no creature speaks a word of
French or English ; have had a supper brought which I did
not want and did not order, and twenty other misintelli-
gences, which I wUl tell you another time ; but, expecting to

OP AARON BURR. 381
be called at half past five, must bid you good-night. Good-
morning, this first of January, 1810. It has been snowing
all day, and is now raining very hard. Having a bed with
coverture, and a chauf-lit, I promise myself a few hours
comfort. Note, the infernal douanieur and commissaries de police.
For your amusement I enclose a copy of the paper I have
signed. It will puzzle their highnesses.
Gotha, January 1, 1810. Was really up al six and break
fasted before seven ; not the better for the wine. Raining
very hard. How sorry I feel for the lower order of people
when it rains on a holyday. They have so few enjoyments,
in Europe especially ; nowhere so few as in England. It is
now said that the diligence will not go tUl nine.
At Eisenach saw the first sleigh that I have seen since
leaving America. They were pretty litUe things. Fine
horses, ornamented with chords, and tassels, and bells.
Gentlemen and ladies. Saw a great many pretty faces the
hour I was there among les servantes and bourgeoise. Dis
figured by a Strange headdress, and all false hips ; even
girls of five years old. At the tavern I caught one to ex
amine those hips. She screamed as if I was going lo eat
her, to the great amusement of twenty spectators.
Forgot Kreutzberg, a little town in a plain (a hollow), in
the midst of the mountains, where are extensive saltworks,
A pretty scene as you descend the mountain. It is three
miles west (the other side) of Eisenach,
The Frankfort stage (in which I am to go to Weimar) not
yet arrived. Determined to wait for it. Will go out in all
the rain to see if there be anything to amuse you. There
are plenty, I know, but not visible al this hour. Besides, I
dare not be long absent.
Just as I had finished the last sheet, a message from a la
dy, now somewhere in this great house, that she was going
alone in a carriage to Weimar, and a proposition that I should
take a seat with her to go immediately, Volunliers, ma-

382 PRIVATE JOURNAL
dame, I understand this to be an overture of economy, and
not of gallantry. She may be deformed, and ninety, for
aught I have learned. From Weimar you shall hear the
result. Weimar, Weimar, for which I have gone seventy
miles out of my way; have expended so much time and
money, and all this for the lovely D'lm, I shall, at least,
have the satisfaction of having performed my engagement,
perhaps the only reward. But how little did I know how
much I should regret the time. Something I told you a few
days past has inspired this impatience. Little, leaiie ray of
light. Adieu. To Weimar. We shall arrive about midnight.
Four P. M. toujours Gotha. The Frankfort stage not
arrived. The postmeister now says that il is probable the
rain and melting of the snow may have so raised the rivers
as to render them impassable (Dumfries), and that, of course,
there can be no conjecture about the arrival. Very pleas
ant, madame, to be a whole day in a place where there is
not a being who can understand a sentence I say, nor be
understood by me. This is not the worst ; I could amuse
myself very well, could go to church, or to see some of the
fine things ; or, as at Gluckstadt, could make acquaintances;
but my great apprehension of losing the diligence keeps me
from being abroad more than half an hour at a time. Nev
ertheless, I have been all day roving ; have made some ac
quaintances, some discoveries about these false hips, several
little adventures ; know the town.
Every lady you look at, sitting in her window, nods to
you. I drew strange conclusions at first, but how danger
ous are rash inferences. Have seen only one beautiful wo
man. Lo, the diligence arrives. I see it from my window.
"But what has become of the lady ?" Too long a story to
tell, and worth nothing when told.
Have been over to see the diligence. It goes al seven.
The price lo Weimar is about one dollar and seventy-five
cents. There are two passengers, of whom one speaks

op AAllON BURR. 383
French. A very forbidding phiz, but not worse than my
own. The weather mild.
Weimar, January 2, 1810. At six last evening, at Gotha,
went to the stagehouse. These posthouses are not always
houses, but there is always a room with fire for the passen
gers. Here sal with my two companions tUl eight. I was
amused by the bourgeoises, who were continually coming
in to visit some one belonging to the house. A vigorous,
active, athletic race. Reminded me of those German wo
men spoken of by Tacitus and Caesar. Their laugh might
have been heard a mile. At eight we embarked and moved.
But Gamp, is tired and must go to bed. He will try lo de
vote a few minutes lo you to-morrow.
3. Had a fine sleep. Have breakfasted, and am refreshed.
Now to go back lo the wagoning at Gotha. Going in and
out of these towns, you pay a toll for passing the gale. It
was warm. The wagon well-cushioned, and our very slow
motion relieved us from the jolting, though we were without
springs. At the end of a mile the postillion slopped al a
tavern, and I went in, as I always do, to see, &c. The
hostess is the picture of Megara. She asked me if I would
have brandy. No. Beer. No. She then turned lo her
husband and the postillion, the only auditors, and abused me
with a profusion of curses. A fellow who would come in,
and warm himself by her fire, and drink nothing. The pos
tillion informed her that I was a Frenchman who understood
not a word of German, and I affected to understand nothing.
At going out I very civilly bid her good-night. She threw
back her head, and, with the most mahgnanl expression, de
manded one grochon for having warmed myself by her fire,
which I paid her, and again bid her good-night. The wagon
being closed, I saw nothingi Arrived at Erfurth at two in
ihe morning. Took a servant lo show me the houses where
the Emperors Napoleon and Alexander lodged while form
ing the treaty in 1806. Got coffee after an hour's delay, and,
without undressing, lay down to sleep liU caUed to continue

384 PRIVATE JOURNAL
our journey. Was waked by the servant al half past six to
know if I would have breakfast. Again at seven to know if
I would have my boots cleaned. These inquiries being an
swered in the negative, and with great good-humour, I rose,
and, after two hours' delay, we moved about nine. An open
country, with gentle sweUs and extensive plains of rich soU,
and highly cultivated. No enclosures. The cattle are not
suffered to go at large. Destitute of wood. Two English
miles before reaching Weimar, you are on an elevated plain,
terminated by hills more distant. An extensive horizon on
every side. You do not suspect a valley till, within half a
mUe of Weimar, you discover the town in a vale one hun
dred feet below you.
I was not deceived in the phiz of my companion. He
was morose to rudeness. A merchant from the neighbour
hood of Frankfort, and, being bound to Leipsic, left us at
Erfurth. The other, who came with me hither, a most
amiable youth. A sub. in the Chasseurs of Saxe devoted
himself to me with constant assiduity. At two arrived and
put up at the Elephant. Not a creature in the house speak
ing a word of French. Was shown into a very, very small
triangular room, coarsely furnished, and no bell. Have you
no larger room ? No ; so I found this very good. Let me
see, I don't recollect where I breakfasted ; in fact, I think I
had not breakfasted at all. Ordered tea. Opened my trunk,
and sent out sundry letters.
At four came in the Baron de Schrade, who introduced
himself to me as the brother of la Baronne de Stein. Pres-
enUy a message from la Baronne de Stein, asking me to
call and lake lea. Message from Monsieur de Bartuck,
apologizing that he could not call till the morning. From
la Princesse Caroline, requesting to see me in the morning
al eleven. Then, in course, my landlord expressed his dis
satisfaction with my room, and asked if I would not prefer a
larger. Most certainly. In five minutes myself and bag-

OP AARON BURR. 385
gage were transported to a large, handsome, well-furnished
room, with every convenience.
At six to la Baronne de Stein-y-sa fiUe Madame la Ba
ronne d'Egglustein, la Baronne de Knebel, dame d'hon, de la
Princesse Caroline, all in calico and en famille. Tea made
at the table, of which and biscuit (rusk) I partook. Sat about
an hour. Then home, and engaged in fifty nameless occu
pations for the residue of the evening.
The Elephant is on one of the principal squares. Look
ing out of my window just at dawn this morning, saw great
numbers of people, principally women, erecting tents and
slight sheds all round the square. It must be either a great
market-day or a fair. After breakfast walked out for an
hour to see the show and the people. It is a kind of fair.
Made one pleasant acquaintance. At ten came in Mons,
Berluck ; a frank, sprightly, sensible man, of much learn
ing, and in haison with all the hterati of Germany, Appears
about fifty-five, but says he is sixty-seven. Has promised
to announce me to Wieland and Goethe, and gave me some
instructions as to my duty towards the court.
Al eleven lo la Princesse Caroline. A very lovely, in
teresting woman. Mel there la Baronne de Stein and others.
They inquired with great interest about America, &c. At
twelve to Bertuck's to get further instructions. To le Baron
de Schrade, where remained half an hour. To le Mare
chal de la Cour. He was indisposed and invisible-y-ma-
dame sa femme, whom I met the first evening chez Madame
de Stein, and la beUe soeur, Madame d'Ez. Told me that
M'Ue. Gore would be glad lo see me (an English lady of for
tune, resident here for many years, sister of Lady Cooper, now
in Italy). Went there and sent in my address. Denied !
To Madame de Stein's. Out, which was true, for I met her
on my way home.
Just after I got home came in an elderly man superbly
dressed, with sword and chapeau bra. I supposed he must
be a baron, at least. He very formally delivered a message
Vol. L— R

386 PRIVATE JOURNAL
from G, A, le Due Regnant, requesting me lo dine with him
the same day al half past two. There was no refusing ; so
made my toilet ; got a sedan chair (much used here) and
went au palais. But, just before going, the valet who attends
me repeated a hundred limes with great emphasis some
thing which I could not comprehend, nor could any way con
ceive lo be of the least importance ; but there happening lo
be below a gentleman who spoke French, with his aid I dis
covered that the valet wished lo inform me that, before going
to court, it was indispensable that I should send cards to
certain great officers of court, in which the gentleman said
the valet was right. Gave him two cards, and he went off
very happy.
Arrived at the palace, was shown into a drawing-room
where was nobody ; presently came in  , maids of
honour, two very pretty girls, and au fait lo their duty. They
led me into an adjoining room, where was presented lo S,
A. la Duchesse Regnant ; lo S. A, la Duchesse  , sis
ter of Emperor Alexander ; au prince hereditaire, a very
amiable, well-bred young man of about twenty-five, and
finally came in le Due Regnant. The gentlemen led each
a lady in to dinner, I was placed on the right hand of le
prince hered,, vis-a-vis la Comtesse de Peysler, dame d'honor
Princesse Marie (de Russe), a very interesting face, et les
plus beUes Maries. Marie is very handsome, and does credit
to her rank and birth. But I must stop with details, and
only make short notes lo talk from.
La Baronne Knebel asked me to lea to-morrow. (Invi
tation of the Princess Caroline.) Home at half past five,
and six lo the theatre. Much amusement. The battle of
Jena terminated in this place ; in the town.
4, Note from Berluck, that he would call at ten to take
me to Wieland's and Goethe's. At ten pere et fils called.
Went first to Wieland's ; then to Giiethe's, To la Baronne
de Stein's, lete-k-lete half an hour. Promenade through the
park ; crossing the Ulm. At six to la Baronne Knebel, chez

OF AARON BURR. 887
lui Princesse Caroline. Tea and cheerful confab. Met
there M'lle. Gore, who began an agology : " Madame loute
belle femme a le droit de faire la coquette." This day would
make two hundred pages if written out.
5. At ten by appointment to Bertuck's. Met there Mons.
de MuUer, counsellor privi de la regene, et envoy extraordi
naire de Weimar a Paris. To Madame Wollzagen's. Met
there la belle de Reizenstein. M'lle. has lost no ground to
day. We ran over the United Slates. Her recollections
charmed and astonished me. At four to Madame WoUzagen,
by her own appointment. Denied, but why, could not com
prehend. Her domestic told me in German a very long
story, and with great animation and zeal, of which I under
stood not a sentence. Wrote a note lo Berluck that I would
call to see him if al home and disengaged. Then sal lo read
ing the details of the battle of Jena, &c., when M. de MuUer,
whom of all men in this place I wished most to see, came in.
6. Had a baking this morning, and lay in a torpid state
till eight. Before ten came in Berluck, fils (a young man
of talents and learning). Went together lo the atelier de
sculpture de Mr.  , a young man of extraordinary talents ;
thence to Madame la Marechale d'Eglefsleins, by invitation,
delivered by Mr. MuUer last evening. Met there about half
a dozen of each sex, and of the most distinguished. Le
poete Falk would have amused me much had it not been
for Reizenstein. Stayed till near one. Chocolate, biscuit,
and cakes. All the repast on these morning parties. Ma
dame la Mar. made me an apology on the part of la duchesse.
She supposed I had bid conge to the court, and, therefore,
had not invited me. To Madame la Baronne de Stein, where
half an hour. A very sensible and well-bred woman. She
told me what I did not know nor suspect, that la Princesse
Caroline would be glad lo see me any morning.
Home at two. Found a note from Madame de WoUza
gen, inviting me to tea this evening ; to which replied that
I was engaged with Berluck. Alfive to Bertuck's. He is
R2

388 PRIVATE JOURNAL
fuU of all sorts of information, and seems to lake pleasure in
communicating it. At six Berluck fils went with me to the
play. The duke was there in plain dress, and in his little
open side-box, without an attendant. The duke pays liber
ally lo the support of the theatre. A serious comedy, of
which I will send you a copy, was performed, perfectly to
my satisfaction. Near me was the Professor Weisser,
M'Ue. Goldacker, el two sisters.
7. At ten lo Bertuck's. To M'Ue. la Baronne deKneble.
Out, To la Baronne de Stein, Out. To M'Ue. Reizen
stein. Out. Chez Goethe, where found them all ; also les
deux soeurs Goldacker ; la Com. de Peysler, and belle as
semblage. A musical parly a midi. (But, going in the
street, met Madame de Schopenhausens, who asked me lo
meet a small parly at her house at six.) De Reizenstein
said she would be at Schopenhausens's, so resolved lo go.
Walked with her. Early in the morning one of huissiers
called with an invitation from the duke lo dinner at half past
two. Yesterday saw in the street a girl of three years old ma
king a stand and refusing lo move. Two ladies trying to
prevaU on her to go. But no. Went to see the child ; very
lovely. One of the ladies, la Com. de Peysler, whom I
recognised, spoke formally. The olher I did not recognise
nor notice. It was la grand duchesse. Relating the story
lo Madame de Stein, I told her I had met the litlle princesse
with la Com. de P. and a jolie fille de chambre ; all which
was reported lo the grand duchesse. Had to settle this
when we met al dinner. About thirty al table. Le grand
salon. Message just before coming off, that le grand duke
asked me to pass the evening. Tea and cards. There is
a baU to-night, to which I am resolved lo go.
At five came home from dinner. Off directly to Bertuck's,
thence to Schopenhausens's. There were two brothers and
a sister from Jena. A most charming family. Was obliged
to leave it at half past six to attend le grand duke. De Rei-

OF AARON BURR. 389
zenstein had not come in ! but understood I should meet
her at court. She was not there. La grand duchesse en
gaged me al her table at whist-y-Mr. de Stein, de Lensiho-
ten, HoUandais. La princesse speaks English extremely
well. French like a Parisian. Fine hand and arm. Elbow
perfect. A most beautiful assemblage. The Americans
known here are Smith and Poinsett,* both of South Carolina.
Erfurth, January 8, 1810. Felicitate me, my dear Theo
dosia, on my escape from the most critical danger of my life.
I have been, as you know, in pretty many dUemmas and
jeopardies, but in no one that called for so much effort and
determination as this ; and even now, at the distance of fifteen
English miles, I do not feel myself quite safe. Yet, having
ordered posthorses for six in the morning, not choosing to
hazard the lapse of two or three hours to wait for the dili
gence (for, possibly, I may be pursued), my escape may, I
think, be considered as accomplished. How shall I apol
ogize to la Baronne de Stein, to whom I was engaged for
to-morrow evening, when she promised I should see all that
was beautiful or brilliant in Weimar and its vicinity ? How
to the good and amiable Weiland, whom I had promised to
meet this evening ? How to De H., whose friendship has
been so disinterested and may be so important ? At this
time, probably, he is writing letters for me. But I have es
caped. That is my consolation. I do really believe that
De Reizenstein is a sorceress. Indeed, I have no doubt of
it ; and, if I were president of the Secret Tribunal, she shotild
be burned alive to-morrow. Another interview, and I might
have been lost ; my hopes and projects blasted and aban
doned. The horror of this last catastrophe struck me so
forcibly, and ihe danger was so imminent, that al eight
o'clock I ordered posthorses ; gave a crown extra to the
postillion lo drive like the devil, and lo ! here I am in a warm
room, near a neat, good bed, safely locked within the walls
of Erfurth, rejoicing and repining. If you had been near
* The present Secretary of War.

390 PRIVATE JOURNAL
me, I should have had none of this trouble. The history of
the day must be deferred till my head is composed.
Gotha, January 9. As I was writing the concluding line
of the preceding page last evening (about one o'clock), an ill-
looking fellow opened my door without knocking, and, mut
tering in German something which I did not comprehend,
bid me put out my candle. Being in no very placid humour
al the moment, as you see, I cursed him, and sent him lo the
lower regions in French and English. He advanced, and
was going to seize the candle. My umbrella, which has a
dirk in the handle, being near me, I seized il, drew the dirk,
and drove him out of the room. Some minutes after I
heard the steps of a number of men, and, looking out of my
window, saw it was a corporal's guard. It then occurred to
me that this Erfurth, being a garrison town, with a French
governor (De Vismes), there might, probably enough, be an
order for extinguishing lights at a certain hour, and I had no
doubt but the gentlemen I had just seen in the street were
coming lo invite me lo take a walk with them. So I bundled
up my papers, and put them in my pocket to be ready for
a lodging in the guardhouse. Il was only the relief of the
sentinels going round ; and who the impertinent extinguisher
was I have not heard.
Al half past seven I was off without breakfast. Ascend
a very long hill. A small fort on the left. Stopped by the
guard, as usual, at the gate, to give your name, &c. After
rising the hill, a plain the whole viray, about fifteen English
mUes. An open plain ; not a fence ; not a grove ; not a
house, save two small tollhouses. Many villages on the
right. You pass through only one. About two English
mUes before reaching Gotha, a parcel of poor-looking houses,
A row of large trees on each side of the road the whole
way. Very cold. Arrived at Gotha at eleven. After get
ting breakfast and dressing, sent a letter to Mr. Reichard,
with my card ; also, cards lo others, and walked out, 
came running full speed ; and, spite of all I could do, joined

or AARON BURR. 391
me and walked with me. Le baron arrived at two. At five,
dinner chez moi. Reichard, counseiller de guerre, came in
and sat a few minutes ; and, while I was dining, Mons. le
Baron de Salish, marechal de la cour, on the part of the
duchess, to ask me lo pass the evening and sup au palais
with a small select parly. Cards (Boston) with la duchesse,
and won. About nine the duke came in. A very handsome,
tall, graceful blonde. Engaged me in conversation, so that
I could not again join the card-table. At supper was on the
right, and the duke on the left of the duchess ; very cheer
ful. M'lle. le Bronne de Dalwigk, dame d'hon. Much talk
of the United Slates. Was greatly astonished by some of
the remarks of the duke, manifesting sensibility and senti
ment. He has flashes and detached solitary ideas which
are extraordinary and admirable. He detests the English,
though nearly allied lo the royal family. The duke showed
me his boudoir, beautifully fitted up. The design by him
self. But the most interesting object to me was the litlle
Princess Louisa, in her tenth year. His only child. Born
of a former marriage. A fine, healthy, animated child. Very
handsome, I did very honestly express my admiration of
her. At coming away, the duke asked me to dinner to
morrow at two. Home at half past eleven, and somehow
quite fatigued, of which I was not sensible lUl I got home,
11, It must have been very late when I went to bed, for
I rose with reluctance at half past seven. Wrote to Rei
chard requesting his convoy lo see the cabinet des medailles,
said to be the third in Europe. Al nine a huissier of the
duke to ask me to dine to-day at two. He came back after
five minutes lo say that the dinner was to be in the duke's
apartments. Called on Reichard at ten, and went lo the
cabinet des medailles, which is in a wing of the palace. It
is, indeed, very rich. The list and description is in sixteen
volumes folio. That sounds very large ; but I am pretty
sure that I had the XVIth in my hand. A great many of
Alexander. Of the Roman coins a complete series, from

392 PRIVATE JOURNAL
the first consul lo the last emperor. Passed three hours in
the cabinet.
Home at one, and au palais at two. The salon a manger
is magnificent. Placed as before. About thirty at table.
Only one lady besides the family. Much talk about Mexico,
and of la princesse for queen. How he does hate the Eng
lish. Of Coxe, who married M'Ue. de Schale—" Men are
fit lo educate nothing but horses and dogs." After dinner la
pet. princesse came in. Her destiny announced. She very
frankly declared that she loved Charles. Was sent to show
me the picture of the late duchess and of the present duke,
and others. About two hours at table. Adjourned. After
coffee and half an hour's conversation, the duke and duch
ess retired, and then the rest. The same usage prevails at
Weimar. The only lady besides the family was M'lle.
Vedonie de Dieskace, who is with her uncle. Baron Harden-
berg, from Allenberg. Agreed to be of the party, but em
barrassed al hearing that no maids beyond eighteen would
be permitted.
12. At ten le Baron de Turnmel called with his carriage
to take me lo the Observatory. The old building being in
decay, a new one has been constructed under his direction.
The locale is magnifique. Three hundred feet above the
city, distant about one English mile. Extremely well sup
plied with instruments. But the most interesting object to
me was Bernard de Lindenau, the professor, the occupant,
who already, at the age of twenty-five, has celebrity as an
astronomer and mathematician throughout Europe. His
appearance is in the highest degree prepossessing, Sensi-
bihly, modesty, intelligence finely blended. His story is
quite a romance. Was gay, extravagant, dissolute. Got in
love and was beloved. His mistress died. He shut him
self up. Went nowhere. Saw no one. Devoted himself
to science. Was known to le Baron Turnmel, who pro
cured for him the place he occupies.
He presented me a copy of a book he has lately pubfish-

OP AARON BURR, 393
ed. Tables Barometriques, The introduction with great
pleasure. You will see that he is not merely a mathemati
cian, but a man of thought and sentiment. The son of the
baron, a fine lad of about seventeen, was with us. Home at
one. Yesterday sent my card to M, de Kunkel, counseiller
inter, de S. A. R. M. I'Eleclrice de Hesse, nee Princesse de
Dannemare. Received message that her highness would
be glad to see me after dinner this day.
At two au chateau to dine. A party of more than thirty.
One stranger. A Prussian general. Le Com. de P. beg
ged me to cede to him ma place to-day next la duchess, as
he was a stranger just arrived. The table is always cheer
ful. Le duke extremely gay. Having said yesterday that
I had your picture, after dinner he insisted that I should send
for it, which was done by one of the huissiers. You are
exhibited and sufficiently admired. His highness was quite
gallant to you. La princesse asked me to her concert this
evening. Home al five, and went out with Reichard to see Gallati,
professor of history, author of a history of Germany, which
is esteemed the best of its kind, being, as he said, a mere
summary, in ten volumes quarto. It has gone through six
editions, and has been translated into French and Russian.
He presented me a small statistical work, having heard that
I v\'as making inquiries on such subjects. Home at six, and
learned that a servant of S. A. R. I'Eleclrice had been lo say
that she expected me I Now, to say the truth, I had totally
forgotten S. A., and her condescension in giving me audi
ence. Off I went, however. Was received by M. de K.
and announced. Then, passing through several rooms, was
presented. After salutation she sat on a sofa, and begged
me to be seated in a chair by her side, which I obeyed. M.
de K, and M'lle,  , dame d'hon,, stood. She is mother
of la Duchesse Reg., aunt of Gust, IV, and of the King
of Denmark, Much conversation about Sweden, especially
as I had seen Gust, IV. and his family. After half an hour
R 3

394 PRIVATE JOURNAL
came in S, A, la Duchesse Reg., and a few minutes aftei
I retired. S, A. R. thanked me and said many civil things.
Her palaces, &c., are now occupied by King Jerome, Her
husband in Bohemia.
Home, and then lo the concert. Besides the ducal family
there were eight ladies and about twenty gentlemen. About
thirty musical performers ; many of them have salaries from
the duke, Madame  played the violin, and her daugh
ter the piano, extremely weU. After concert an elegant sup
per, I was seated beside S. A. and M'Ue, de Dalbrigk.
With the latter much conversation about her lover, who has
behaved like a true Englishman. She is a very charming
woman. Will tell you the story at large.
La P. Louisa was al the concert. I demanded a souve
nir ; to which she agreed, and would think what it should
be. Proposed a garter, and a deal of laugh about it, &c.
Home at half past ten, having been asked to dinner to-mor
row in case I should stay. It must have been Wednesday
evening that I called, with M, de Reichard, on le Baron de
Falkenberg. The most extraordinary of eighty-three that I
ever beheld. He is prime minister, and attends to all the
duties of the office ; works generaUy tUl twelve and one
o'clock ; reads without spectacles ; is cheerful and animated ;
fine teeth, and features well preserved. His voice as firm
as al forty. Madame a very charming, ladylike woman,
about fifty-five. She presented me 1' Almanac de Gotha in a
very beautiful form, as you shall see.
13. That's impossible, for Monday was Newyear's day.
You must look back and see where the error commenced,
Friday, January 12, 1810. You will suspect that I have
taken winter-quarters al Gotha. Not quite so ; nor is the
delay mere nonchalance. But I have no time lo reason, or
explain, or comment, or apologize. Mere notes of facts is
all that I can attempt. We wUl dUale and fill up the can
vass with the interesting detaUs (it is only minute detaUs that
interest) viv. vo.

OF AARON BURR, 395
Rose at seven, Al nine to Reichard's, At ten came in
M, Dekunkle, to thank me in the name of S, A. R. and in
his own, lo make compliments, &c. I gave him yesterday
a small Swedish coin, having a good likeness of Gus. IV.,
which he gave to S. A. R., and whereon they had the polite
ness to set great value. It is one of Gampy's collection ; but
I've got the like, or would not have given it to any prince or
princess in Europe,
At twelve to M, De Turnmel, Out. Left card. The
brother Turnmel is author of many pretty and very gallant
things. The huissier came in to know if I would stay to
dinner. Yes. At two went to dinner au palais. La
duchesse indisposed, and did not appear. Had my place.
Delwigk proposed to me to pass a few minutes in her room
after dinner. Did so. Showed me the picture of her lover,
which I very honestly (not very kindly, however) told her I
did not like al all. Gave me addresses of him and her.
Home at five. At six lo the comedy, as agreed, with M'lle,
D, The dramatis personae you will see in the bill attached
lo this. The parts were well cast, and played to perfection.
I laughed a great deal, as did M'Ue. D. Everything ex
pressed in the bill was really performed, and perfectly well
performed. Just at this moment, ten o'clock, comes in a huissier, with
commands of la Princesse Louisa, and a bouquet of her own
drawing, a " souvenir," The bouquet is really wonderfully
executed for her years. The border in handsome taste.
You shall see and judge. But, on examining, I found no
name or inscription to verify this important transaction.
Twelve o'clock. Have done nothing towards packing, but
the most interesting part of the evening has not been told.
At the com, met le ministre le Baron de Turnmel, He
insisted that I should lake a seal in his coach, with his
brother, the author, and visit le premier minister le Baron
de Frankenberg, Agreed, though I had put off my court
paraphernalia, and was in my travelling costume, having

396 PRIVATE JOURNAL
bona fide resolved to leave Gotha to-morrow. Met le Baron
de Frankenberg in fuU dress ; and in the salon, lo ! the duke
himself and Madame de F. We five were all. Sal round
the tealable and took tea. The duke perfectly amiable.
Renewed the subject of my picture. Found a great deal of
fault with the painter. (He has taste and skill in all the fine
arts.) In the original, said he, there must be dignity, ma
jesty, genius, gentleness, sensibUity ; all discernible in the
picture, but imperfectly expressed. Would have had a
copy if there had been time. Promised to send him one.
He wished very much that a friend of his in Paris, S. A. S.,
la Duchesse de C, &c., should know me. Asked if I would
take a letter. Certainly.
Le ministre Baron de F., learning that I was a coin and
medal hunter (see again, you little villain, I could choke
you), offered me several of the coins of Gotha which are not
now seen in circulation. Sat about two hours, and home
just before ten. The duke look a most affectionate leave
of me.
13. I shall reaUy go this morning. Have been very hard
at work packing. Your picture took me half an hour at
least, you hussy you. Last night, after writing you, passed
an hour with the Baron Strick. Il would seem that every
incident of my life is known throughout Germany. Duels,
treasons, speeches, gallantries. Le Baron S., a young, hand
some man, formerly minister plenipotentiary from Holland,
and now Chamberlain du Roi de Prusse, overwhelmed me
with all sorts of attention. Introduction lo his friends at
Paris, Holland, &c. Indeed, more in this way than I can
teU. He has nous el connaissances from Germany and
England. Knows everybody, and is everywhere well re
ceived. I showed him BoUman's letter to Jefferson. Burr's
conge au senate he had seen before.
Wrote eariy this morning to la belle B. de Del., request
ing that she would prevail on ma Princesse Louisa to add a
name and date to the bouquet. Just now a note from S. A.

OP AARON BURR. 397
S. le Duke, with a letter to A. S. la Duchesse de C. Too
full of business lo write you any more.
Eisenach, January 13, 1810. You see, madame, that, in
spite of all your predictions lo the contrary, I did leave
Gotha to-day; for once you were out. It was al half past
one that I got into a chaise, with horses post extra. Was
here al five ; an excessively cold day, snowing a little all
day. It does not know how lo snow fast in this country.
We can snow more in four hours than they in four days.
All yesterday, from two in the morning, il snowed what they
call hard, and there is not yet four inches.
At leaving Gotha, after passing the gate and bridge (thank
Mons. le ministre de Turnmel, these walls are now prostra
ting and filling up the ditch), you rise a hill, a gentle declivity.
It may be called an inclined plane, for one and a half Eng
lish mUes. We were forly minutes getting lo the summit,
and then we were not al the summit, for, after descending a
very litlle, we rose again still higher. The distance to this
place is about fifteen English miles. The first ten or eleven
you pass through three villages. The last two or three mUes
English is almost a continual viUage, and the country ex
tremely romantic and picturesque. The preceding part is
quite an open country ; not a tree, fence, or house, except
in the villages ; gentle, bold swells ; all the way under culti
vation. But let us go back for a moment to Gotha. Gotha,
I bear thee in kind remembrance.
The bouquet was sent back, with the addition of a name
and dale, by the fair hand of the Princesse Louisa, accom
panied by a very pretty note in English from la Baronne de
Dalwigk. Answered the note of S. A. S. le Duke. Re
ceived a letter from De Reichard to his son-in-law, le Baron
de Goekhausen, al this place. Sent letters, with my card, lo
Madame la Baronne de Beckholsheim nee. To M. de
ScheUer, Conseiller de legation de S. A. S. Mons. le Duke
Regt. de Saxe Weimar, Eisenach. The gentlemen above
named caUed within an hour, and proposed various things

398 PRIVATE JOURNAL
for my amusement. Agreed lo meet the club to-night.
M. de Scheiler has passed six years in Great Britain, and
speaks perfectly good English. Passed an hour wiih the
club, about twenty gentlemen. The Pmssian gentleman
whom I met al Gotha quite another animal here. Called on
le Baron de Beckholsheim, son of la baronne above men
tioned. It is most unfortunate that the mother is absent on
a visit to some friend near Erfurth ; very unfortunate. She
is one of the most distinguished personages in Germany for
learning, wit, talents, grace, &c. Left the club at nine.
Walked the streets half an hour. No accident. A beautiful
little town. Walled and fortified. What nonsense. This
has been much the coldest day this year, and really cold.
Would be called cold at Albany ; but perfectly calm.
14. Could not keep myself warm in bed, having ordered
a mattress, thin and hard, and two thin quilts (called cou-
vertures) ; added my greatcoat. At ten to the posthouse lo
see about diligence. None goes to Frankfort before Tues
day P. M., and then not direct, but some miles about, and is
between three and four days going, day and night, from this
to Frankfort, which, by the direct route, is twenty-one miles
German. What's lo be done ?
Thence to le Baron de Goeckhausen, beau fils de Rei
chard, a sensible young man. Stayed but a few minutes.
Thence lo Massovices's, and he and I went together, as
invited, to breakfast a la fourchette with Steickler. Met
there Mr. M'Intosh, a Scotchman, who has been many
years in North America, and in Asia and Africa. Had an
immense fortune, which he lost by the French revolution.
A very intelligent, amusing man.
After breakfast, Mons. Steickler took me in his sleigh to
Wilhelmothal, chateau de plaisance de Due de Weimar (we
are here again in his dominions). Met here several ladies.
They all spoke French very weU. The road is exceedingly
romantic for neariy two miles English, in a very narrow
valley, the rocks and mountains hanging over us ; then, about

OF AARON BURR. 399
one mile English rising the mountain. Descending about
the same, the chateau in a valley of half a mile diameter
below. Fires had been ordered, and we had coffee and
cakes. M'lle. is cheerful and pretty. Home at half past
four. The cold most intense. I was almost perished, and
had lo bake an hour before I got thawed. Mr. Roese, seeing
that I admired a picture of the Duke of Weimar, which we
saw au chateau, procured and presented me one. At seven
to Mons. de Streiber's. A small club. Five of each sex-
y-Madame Roese, who is very handsome. She is from
Gotha. Cards. Won a Thaler at whist. Supper, with a
variety of wines. Home al eleven.
I much wished, for your sake, lo have visited I'ancien
chateau de Warlzbourg, which is on the summit of the mount
ain overhanging this town. You can imagine nothing more
romantic than the site. It has been famous in story more
than eight hundred years. Il is a fine ruin ; but part ha:b-
ilable and inhabited. The sieges, the battles, the enchant
ments, the imprisonments, &c., render it very famous. Lu
ther, loo, was there, and had some squabbles with the devil.
Threw his inkstand al his majesty's head, and the mark of
the ink still visible. But the snow and ice have rendered
the mountain impracticable, and the castle absolutely inac
cessible. Mr. M'Intosh came in this morning and sat an hour. I
admire his constancy and his loyalty. He is a prisoner on
parole, as being a British subject. Has corresponded with
Washington. One of the letters now in the museum at
Weimar. Met many very pretty faces in the streets. The
lamps here are suspended on wire, attached to the houses
on each side. The same in several other towns, and in Al
tona. Eisenach has about nine thousand inhabitants.
15 SlUl colder than yesterday, but perfectly calm. CaUed
on Mr. Roese. Saw his beautiful wife and her jolie amie.
Madame has lately lost two chUdren. One a fine boy about
three years old. Thence to General Lelocq's. This is the

400 PRIVATE JOURNAL
general whom I met chez le due a Gotha. He is now in
the service of the King of Naples. Yesterday he sent me a
card of invitation for this evening, which accepted. Thence
lo one of the manufactories de Mr. de Slriebel. Home to
thaw, and then walked about the town and its environs for
near an hour. Inscription on an old building : " Heic sunt
pulvis umbra nihil." Got home frozen stiff, though I had
on my greatcoat and caloshes. Baked an hour, and then
dinner. Scul. Mon bote is a native of Hanover. Speaks
French freely, and is very communicative. He suspects that
I am an Englishman, and has intimated how much, &c.
This duchy, separately from Weimar, paid a contribution
of 150,000 E.'s en argent. More than two hundred thou
sand troops have passed through. Always maintained by
the inhabitants ; free quarters, which must have been more
than double the contribution. Recollect that the Duke of
Weimar was in arms against the emperor at this lime. At
four came in M. de Slriebel, lo inform me of the best means
of getting lo Frankfort. The best will be the expense of
about twenty-five dollars ! The worst, i. e., the diligence,
which goes a circuitous route,. and is three days and three
nights on the way, always going, would be about twelve
dollars. Truly, as the weather is and is like to be, I should
not like lo hazard my precious carcass in a wagon without
springs, and badly covered, three days and three nights.
At half past six to General Lelocq's. A very elegant
party. The rooms in very beautiful style. It is the house,
the rooms, the furniture, and the taste of Madame la Baronne
de Beckholsleim. Her son was of the party. A very ac
complished young man, with a lovely wife, lo whom he was
married a few months ago. Cards, chess, supper. I played
two games with the general and won both. It was a very
cheerful party. One present, a young man of fortune, of
talents, and learning, Would bring me home in his carriage.
Chez moi about half an hour. At half .past eleven not so
cold. A gentleman who keeps regular meteorological notes

OF AARON BURR, 401
told me this evening that the thermometer (Reaumur's) was,
at seven o'clock this morning, al 20^ below 0 ; and al eight
o'clock, 19^ ; and that for ten years the cold has not been
so intense by many degrees,
Hunnef eld, January 10, To this at seven. Went early
to the postoffice, to see about the diligence. It is expected
at two. But, after much deliberation, resolved to take post-
horses lo Fulda, whence a very convenient diligence goes
on Thursday to Frankfort. Called on Streiber al his man
ufactory, and sent card of conge to General Lelocq. At
two set out. About two English miles winding round the
mountains, along narrow valleys. Ascend mountain, and,
descending the same, pass a small town. At two miles Ger
man from Eisenach lo Berka, where changed horses and
carriage. Two miles farther, change again. Three miles
more lo this place ; frozen to an icicle, and so resolved to
thaw and bake till seven.
Hannau, January 17. Laid on a sofa last night without
undressing. About seven got my breakfast, and at eight
continued my route ; bitter, bitter cold. Arrived at Fulda at
ten, formerly the sovereignly of ihe Bishop of Fulda, beauti
fuUy situated in an extensive valley, on the small river Fulda.
Though a small town of about ten thousand inhabitants, it
exhibits much magnificence. You see twelve or fifteen
steeples or towers as you approach. In every direction
chaleaus, &c., rows of trees, TJiere are many things here
worthy of notice ; but the distressing intelligence that no dili
gence goes hence till Sunday, left me the sad alternative of
either waiting here four days, or continuing in the same ex
pensive way. Resolved on the latter, and ordered horses
immediately. While they were getting I walked about the
town. This being a Catholic bishop, everything is stamped
with that character. Crosses on the houses. The mUe-
posl, a crucifix twelve or fifteen feet high, with a wooden
Christ as large as life ; sometimes carved on stone. The
bishop still resides here, with a pension of forly thousand

402 PRIVATE JOURNAL
florins from the great emperor. The residue of the revenue
goes to the emperor. The bishop was dethroned some years
ago by the Prince of Orange. " Sic vos non vobis."
Arrived here at eleven, and, after giving my name and
other particulars, am allowed to go to bed, and write this
while I am thawing. About two or three inUes English
before arriving here, looked out and found we were on a per
fect plain. Till then, or thereabout, it was continual mount
ain and hill ; but the road excellent, and at every quarter of
a mile German a town or village.
Frankfort, January 18. Arrived at ten this morning. A
continued plain. A ridge about one German mile off, on the
right ; scarcely visible by reason of the fog or mist, which
is eternal. I have not seen a clear American sky since I
left the United States. Something like il in Sweden. Ap
proaching the ridge as you approach the town, it is seen
covered with vineyards and beautiful little houses. I took
quarters, as advised by Reichard, at Empereur Romaine
(Roniesehe Kayser), and, as usual, was shown into ihe third
story. The room, however, is decent and comfortable.
Those on the first floor (second story) are aU occupied.
Sent letters to Mons. de Bethman, consul de Russe. To
Messrs. Bansa el fils, and cards lo Chiron, Saracin, et B,
(my bankers!!) To le Comte de Buste, beau p6re de la
belle Comtesse de Buste, a Weimar, dont je vous ai parli
sur le nom de De Peysler, which is the AUemand pronun
ciation of De Buste. M. le Comie de B. is premier minis
ter, and, in the absence of the prince primate, who is now at
Paris, represents royalty here. To Mons. le general-com
mandant Sweiger. To the commissaire de police. These
commissaries of police are fellows very formidable lo stran
gers. Presently came in the valet de M. de Bethman, to request
that I would dine with him to-day at one. This was doing
things right ; but the hour surprised me. Went at one lo
dinner, A magnificent establishment. He is gar9on. His

OF AARON BURR, 403
mother (60) lives with him, and does the honours of the
house with great civUily and real hospitality. There were
about fifteen. A mother and daughter of the celebrated
name of Euler, and nearly related lo that distinguished man.
Another young lady. The French intendant of all the
French provinces in Germany ; a very intelligent, well-bred
man, A young man resembling Otto ; but the two Eulers
and the mother recommended me to talk lo the daughter,
who, she said, spoke French much better than herself, I
obeyed her, and was much amused ; a sensible, amiable girl
of seventeen.
Home at five. Immediately after my return home, receiv
ed, under cover from Bethman, tickets of admission to the
Cassino, lo the Musee, and lo the Cabinet Literaire, Three
charming lounging-places. The first and last under the
same roof; a most elegant establishment. The other oppo
site, and appropriate to its name. The place of exhibition
of the productions of Frankfort artists. Mr, B. called in
the P. M., and we went lo the Cassino and Cabinet Literaire,
where you meet persons of the first grade, and no others.
The nature of the establishment, and how maintained, must
be explained verbally. You find here a library, new publi
cations, all the gazettes and periodical publications of Eu
rope. Maps ditto. Can have any refreshment and any
meal. To the Comedie AUemand. The opera of CamUla. Be
ing perfecUy acquainted with the story, having had the
French translation while at Stockholm, of which you will
find a note and a comment, I was much amused. The the
atre is convenient and handsome, without being splendid ;
the parts well performed ; the orchestra excellent. One
superior male voice, and two good female. The best a lady
from Vienna, who has married and left the stage ; but loves
the business, and performs when she likes. Left the com
edie at the second act, being very cold, and having an en-

404 PRIVATE JOURNAL
gagement. My lea is ready. The good Luning's caravan
tea and other matters claim my attention.
19. I have none but this great, thick, ugly paper, which
you hate so, and it is now loo late to get any other. So this
or nothing. Very pleasant night. Rose at seven. Receiv
ed cards from the general-commandant Baron de Sweyer
and le Comte de Buste, who ought lo have been first named.
Cards from Chiron and Saracin. My landlord sent to know
whether il would please his excellency lo have a larger
room, and on the first floor. Yes, certainly ; but not to-day.
You see how things go. Mr. Elfinger, " libraire Ires cele
bre," sent a clerk with a civil message, tendering his services ;
new publications, &c. This at the instigation of Bethman.
A man of grave appearance, d'un certain age, dressed and
powdered, presented himself. I supposed him to be Mare
chal de la Cour. He undeceived me by saying that he un
derstood I wanted a commissionaire d'affaire. Then I con
cluded that he was merely a broker, and told him il was a
mistake ; that I had no sort of business to transact. He
bowed, and said he had been sent to me by the landlord ;
and " Pray, sir, quelques d'affaires de votre etat ?" " Pour
faires vos petites commissions de mon apporlez ses mes
sages, netloyer ses habits et bottes." Mr. Kayser was re
ceived as valet de place.
To Belhman's at twelve. Out. To Cassino. Read news
papers, and saw, and was introduced to, many people. Stay
ed till three lo avoid the hour of dinner, which is al one ; an
hour at which it would be useless lo me. Bethman engages
rae to dine with his sister on Sunday, and with himself on
Monday. Young Mons. Bansa, who is nephew of Streiber, came in
this morning to offer civilities. A very pleasing young man.
At six lo Cassino, il being ladies' night. There were,
perhaps, one hundred people ; about equal of each sex.
The ladies who most caught my attention were the Prin
cesse de  , M'lle. la Baronne de Ende, There were

OP AARON BURR. 405
many very handsome ; several handsomer than these. "Sir,
allow me to interrupt you to ask who is that beautiful crea
ture with the blanche bon ?" " That, sir, is my daughter ;
shall I have the honour to present you ?"
" Pray, count, what fine, voluptuous woman was that you
were just now talking with ?"
" Who, the very tall one, with the bon rouge t"
" Exactly ; a most striking figure."
"That, sir, is my wife. Ha ! ha ! Venez ici, ma chere,
Mon. le Col. B. desire vous connaitre."
This was rather loo much for one evening. Having two
other engagements, was obliged to go at seven to la music,
which is open every other Friday evening for exhibition and
declamation, and, as I presumed, on subjects of science.
On entering, a very comely and very young lady was on the
rostrum, declaiming with much grace and animation ; at
which made great eyes. It was an actress. Her manner
Was very pleasing. To the concert au maison rouge ; met
there Mons. Eslinger, who introduced me lo Mr. Gerning,
author of Travels in Italy. The music was really fine, sur-
tout the horn, which was played in a style I had never wit
nessed. There was also Mr.  , a gentleman of fortune
and consequence, with his mistress, a very pretty, modest-
looking girl, lo whom everybody spoke with civility and re
spect, as lo other dames.
Went' back again at half past eight to the Cassino, to
which the principal inducement was D'Ende. There were,
perhaps, a dozen card-tables. Some backgammon, but all
the most beautiful women were walking the floor in the suite
of rooms, five or six, well lighted, and perfectly well warm
ed and perfumed.
" Pray, m'lle., is there any law forbidding a gentleman to
walk with a lady ?"
" Poh I folic ! Comment peut y avoir un tal loi."
" Mais done n'est ce pas centre les bienseances ?"
" Tout au contraire."

406 PRIVATE JOURNAL
" Alons c'est permi que je marche avec vous ?"
" Certainement."
And so I did an hour. No olher male walked with a lady.
Le Baron d'Ende, who is charge des affaires de la cour de
Saxe Gotha, told rae he had received a letter frora the ven
erable Frankenberg about me (A. B.), requesting his atten
tions, &c. Very good in Mons. de F. Met, also. General
Baron Sweyer, and le Comte de Buste. Home at ten. Le
Baron de  came in and gave me a very pressing invi
tation to visit him au chateau. Went in lo see the table
d'h6le. Nothing very remarkable, but told me they expect
ed me lo dinner.
20. Wrote the commandant at Mayence, enclosing the
letter of General St. Simon, and requesting that he would
inquire whether my passport had been sent from Paris.
Note to Chiron and Saracin about exchange of money. To
Elsinger's to fouiller in his library. Think lo buy you a
dictionary and something for Gampy, to be sent to Ham
burgh. Al twelve to Cassino. Al two to the music, which
is open from two to four P. M. once a fortnight, lo see the
paintings. None but the works of Frankfort artists are ad
mitted. The day being cold, the company was less than
usual. A few ladies ; Madame Cavina is handsome, a stri
king veuve. M'lle. Kock, an artist, is very pleasing. Sev
eral others handsome ; but I have not yet a decided pref
erence. Home al half past four. Sent card to-day to le
Baron d'Ende, which was immediately returned by a visit
in person.
21. At ten to Gerning. Happening to mention les D'l,
he avowed himself the lover de l'ainee. He has some
choice paintings and some very curious antiquities from
the Herculaneum and other places in Italy. Among other
things, brass and iron stamps, with letters and names, evi
dently for marking things, which ought to have led to the in
vention of printing. Some fine Etruscan vases. Al twelve
to Ende's. Le baron out, but les dames received me. Sat

OF AARON BCRR. 407
half an hour. Ma belle, which is the cad., has lost nothing
at the second interview. Pleasing, but not dangerous, like
that infernal  . Home. Note from Bethman that he
would call at two to take me lo dinner. Al six lo Mr. Sar-
acin's ; having met him in the street to-day, he asked me to
dine ; being engaged, was obliged to decline. So went this
evening. A pleasant famUy-party of a dozen. Came in
also Madame Dumont, et m'lle. sa soeur de Mayence.
M'lle. a sprightly, well-informed lady. Tea, &c. Home
at nine.
22. At eleven took hack and went to Eisenberg, to see
le Baron de Wallschmitt, marechal de cour du Prince
d'Eisenberg. Out, but sat half an hour with la baronne.
A very pretty promenade. Home at one. At half past one
lo dine with Bethman. Mel there Madam Gogel, whom I
saw at Gottenburg ; a very charming woman, speaking
French and English. Also, editeur du Journal de F., en
trouve beau coup de A. Burr. Conversed much about
America. Home at five. To Mr. Fuhs's, who had sent me
a ticket for the ball; called with his carriage to take me.
There were about one hundred ladies ; a great many very
handsome, and many dancing very well. Les deux soeurs
d'Ende were there. Princesse Marie beautiful. Two
Mayerhoffs (baronnes or comtesses), very handsome. M'lle.
 le Lunet, elegant and striking, from a resemblance
stronger than I have ever seen to a person once dear to you
and me. But my attention lo beauty was interrupted by a
communication from young Bansa that he had answer from
Mayence, and that my passport had not arrived! No an
swer from Meynier, which looks black also.
23. Certainly, madame, you owe me great obligations for
writing you at all at this moment. Lo ! the catastrophe of
my hopes. Mr.  caUed at ten this morning, and with
an air of mystery, with hesitation and unaffected embarrass
ment, said that he had a letter from his friend at Mayence,
advising not only that no passport for me had been received.

408 PRIVATE JOURNAL
but there were advices from Paris concerning me extremely
unfavourable, and requesting I might be advised by no
means to hazard my person within the territories of France.
After thanking him for the communication, I told him I
should go to-mcrrow to Mayence, which you know is now in
France, and asked a line of introduction to his friend. He
seemed to consider my resolution as madness ; declined giv
ing a letter, from the danger which must ensue from any ap
parent connexion with me.
At eleven to Belhman's. Saw him in his house. A vast
eslabhshment ; and after his mother, in chateau. Thence
to Saracin's, to whom I told the story. He is not fright
ened, and voluntarily offered a letter lo his friend al May
ence. Thence lo Cassino, where, among many others,
saw Farci ; engaged to dine with him at the hotel where
he lodges. Went at one. A very pretty, sensible, amiable
landlady. He came home with me to smoke a cigar in rhy
room. Engaged to meet me at the theatre au paterre, and
show me a beautiful woman. At six au theatre. The or
chestra is the best I «ver heard. The scenery very fine,
M'lle. was there ; really beautiful.
On entering my room this evening, found on my table a
very polite letter from Meynier, Too polite, " No pass
port had been received, nor any notice of the application,"
Nothing farther. Continue in the determination to go to
Mayence lo know the state of things, but must stay lo the
masquerade ball to-morrow, and to sup on invitation of Sar
acin, who promises that there shall be belles.
24, At ten to Saracin's, At twelve lo Cassino, There
met le Comte de Rode, rain, plenipo. de Prusse a Madrid
et Lisbon. Le jeune Comte de Westphalia, Le Prince
Frederic de Hesse, Alexander Goulard, and others, Gou
lard invited me to pass the evening on Sunday. At four,
Comte Rode called with his carriage to lake me to Prince
Frederic's. Home at seven. Soon after, Mr. Saracin caUed
with his carriage and took me to pass the evening. An as-

OP AARON BURR. 4C9
semblage of about fifty. Cards, conversation, &c. At
eleven au bal masq. given at the theatre. Stayed with Sar
acin till four this morning.
Mayence, January 25, 1810. Headache. Took no break
fast, but paid for one. Message from Eslinger that Ma
dame B. claimed me as a relation, she being the grand
daughter of Daniel Burr, of Harwich. Called on Eslinger
to apologize for not seeing ma chere cousine till my return.
Home. Invitation from Bethman to dine, which could not.
Embarrassed with packing up. A bill of forty-seven flor
ins, besides my valet de place ! At twelve took diligence ;
being the last, went outside, and was nearly frozen. At the
halfway-house a civU young man gave me his place inside.
There was a soldier's widovv who had served fifteen cam
paigns, and was yet handsome. Went over the Rhine in
traineau, drawn by two, and then with M. took lodgings.
Sent card to General Meynier, and to le prefect le Baron
Jean Bon St. Andre. To Kayser, to whom had a letter from
my kind friend Saracin. Mr. Kayser caUed immediately
and invited me to go lo the theatre with him. Agreed. He
called at six with his carriage. Mel there his wife, a love
ly, beautiful woman, who is a grandmother, her daughter, a
French genUeman and wife. Both the comedy and the
afterpiece amused me very much. 1 laughed a great deal.
Home at ten.
26. At ten went by appointment to see General Meynier.
Un brave, frank soldat. Unfortunately, just now Gouteaux.
Thence lo the prefect le celebre Jean Bon St. Andve, now
baron, &c. His appearance justifies the character we had
had of him. Met accidentally a young man of very inteUi
gent countenance. E.xchanged looks and made acquaint
ance, but not a word said. The prefect cannot give me a
passport for Paris. Must write and get one from the minis
ter of police at Paris ! ******,
About an hour afterward received a note from the young
man, requesting permission to caU and introduce himself.
Vol. I.— S

410 PRIVATE JOURNAL
It seems that, in order to discover my lodgings, he had gone
to the guard who watch the gale and made the inquiry.
Never lake the advice of one who is agitated or alarmed.
To the prefect's for my passport. Bureau shut. To the
secretary; he had not the passport. I might call at the
bureau in the morning, but told me that I should not have
come to Mayence, unless I meant lo slay there tiU the answer
should be received from Paris, and that I must remain at
Mayence under surveiUance de la police. Now this wiU be
not very convenient, for I am engaged to-morrow evening at
Goulard's (not Sunday, as supposed), and to dine on Sunday
at Mons. de B.'s. To a coffee-house ; look coffee and played
chess while the young raan was preparing for rae. I had
scarcely left the door of my friend when I was stopped by
two soldiers. After some parley, understood from them
that it was not permitted lo walk in the street at that hour
without a lamp, and that I must go with them to the guard
house. There are various ways of getting along in this
world. After some explanation, they agreed lo escort me to
my lodgings. Home at half past eleven, and am now going
to bed. That matter of the passport sticks in my throat.
There is no possibility of going one mile without a passport.
Frankfort, January 27. Waited till ten very impatiently
for P., who had promised lo call on me very early. Then
sent to him lo know whether he would be al home if I
should call. Yes ; called and passed half an hour. Thence
lo the prefect's. Received in the most polite and amiable
manner. Compliments paid and relumed. I might stay at
Mayence, or go to Frankfort, or wherever I pleased, save
the interior of France. Returned my passport. Handed
him the letter which I had addressed lo him, requesting that
he would apply for me lo the minister of police at Paris.
AU right. Thence lo Kayser's. Saw him and his belle
femme. To a libraire, where bought Gray's poems for la
jol., whose name I will try lo get. Paid bUl in the house,
and mon valet de place. The moment you arrive at any

OF AARON BURR. 411
town, if to slay six hours, you are saddled with a valet de
plaCe, whose pay per day is from three livres to a doUar.
Wrote note of conge to P. Crossed ihe Rhine en traineau,
and got to the diligence-office just at twelve, the hour of
setting off. Got number nine, being the last place, and
again outside. Met again la guerre. Exceedingly cold and
suffered much. Arrived al Frankfort at five. Went first to
Saracin's lo heir the news, and to inquire for private lodg
ings, as I must necessarily be here at least a week. As I
got to the Rom. Kayser eight or ten carriages drove up. It
was ihe C. D. R. of Sweden, Gust IV., with his family and
attendants. My room on the first floor was taken, of which
I was very glad, for I got one as good on the second floor
for half the price.
Dressed, and at half past seven to A. Goulard's, It was
a mistake. That little hussy the V, led me into the error.
The ball to-night is al another Goulard's, with whom have
no acquaintance. Very glad of it, for I was but half thawed,
and had much lo do, i. e., to think what, and how, and where,
in case I am excluded from France, of which there seems
liltle room lo doubt. This is probably the work of the United
Stales' minister;* for certainly I have claims lo protection,
if not to hospitahty, from France ; and then I had hoped to
do the emperor and myself so much good.
28. At ten to Saracin's. Went with his young man to
look at rooms, but could not be suited. Determined, how
ever, to lake the worst of them rather than endure longer
the expense of this hotel and my valet de place. At one to
Cassino. Saw no acquaintance who chose to recognise me.
Read the papers and off. Called this morning on le Com.
de R., who received me very kindly, and said many things
for which I am greatly obliged to him. Sat tiU seven P, M.
Dressed and went to Goulard's. An immense party of all
that is tilled, and much untitled good matter. Perhaps sixty
dames. The young ones are in a room by themselves. A
* General John Armstrong.
S2

412 PRIVATE JOURNAL
very bad arrangement. Procured a wonderful cold, and so,
after making half a dozen bows, came off. My host, howev
er, was very polite and attentive. To Cassino, where read
newspapers an hour. Home at half past nine. Tea a la
Gamp. Ruminating on the statu quo tiU one o'clock ; and
now bon soir. •
29. Al ten lo see about lodgings. Looked al several ;
but a new difficulty occurs. No longer can receive a stran
ger in his house without the license of the police. S. recom
mends that I call on Com. de Buste for this purpose, which
shall do lo-morrow. At eleven,' C. D. R. gave me some
clew to the coldness. I thank you very much. Resolved
to wait here the result of my application for passport. To
Cassino at one. Walked a mile out of town. Still very
cold. Home at three. Remain till eight, then lo the Cas
sino ball, my good friend Saracin having furnished me with
a ticket. Met about thirty ladies ; all noble ; not one bour
geoise. The three Swedish officers who attend Gust, IV,
all claimed my acquaintance, and was amused to talk ovei
Sweden. A few other acquaintance. Mr. Bethman sent
his domestic this evening to offer me a ticket for the ball ;
but I was provided. Home at eleven. Same symptoms
this evening as before,
30. I sleep always but a single nap, and without dreaming.
Have not had a dream in six months. Walked round with
my valet de place to look at rooms. Think I shall fix on
the bookbinder's. To Count de Buste, He had gone lo
Mayence for a week. To Saracin to know what was to be
done. He advised that, as soon as I had fixed on my lodg
ings, for they must be designated, he would apply lo the
police for me.
Received a letter from my cousin, John Conrad de Ron,
giving a history of his branch of the family of Burr, and
invitation on the part of his sister lo call and take chocolate
with her some moming, Reponse, and proposed to call on
madame to-morrow at eleven o'clock. Called on De Ron,

OP AARON BURR, 413
who is to leave town to-morrow. Gave me a friendly invi
tation to come and pass a day with him,
Mr, Bellvnan's domestic to invite me lo sup to-night
after the play is over. Ruminating till eight, then to Cas
sino. At nine (play over) to Belhman's-y-lhe three Swe
dish officers ; M. Euler, Good supper and wine.
31, Hail me in my new lodgings, in a litUe back yard.
The access is a perfect labyrinth. Two neat small rooms
and a lumber-room, prettily furnished, for three florins per
week : about one dollar and one eighth. Did you ever hear
anything so bon marche ? Heavy, heavy headache. No
breakfast. At eleven lo ma Cousine to take chocolate.
Swallowed a dish of chocolate ; might as well have swal
lowed arsenic. At one lo Saracin, Had fixed on the book
binder's ; the mistress, the maid, and the boy being all
cheerful, good-natured faces. He (Saracin) sent lo the po
lice, and the license was instantly granted. Paid my biU,
and at five was installed in my new lodgings, I am really
more than content, Mr, and all the household have that
promptness lo oblige that forestalls one's wishes. The mis
tress and servants speak French enough for my purposes,
Madame says she has a charming friend, who speaks Eng
lish perfectly, whom she will bring lo see me.
My new style will put me out of society ; but, in the first
place, madam, that I am already ; and, in the second, my
ducats will be of more use to me than their dinners, S. and
C, D, R, approve the arrangement. I have had my tea in
my own fashion, and have not felt so much at home in many
months, except at Luning's. The juice of four lemons car
ried off ray headache, the chocolate notwithstanding,
TO m'lle. la baronne de dalwigk.* Gotha, January 13, 1810.
I beg pardon, in the first place, for writing to you at all.
In the next, for writing in English ; but great exigences defy
the restraint of forms.
* See Journal 12th and 13th January, 1810, p. 392, 397.

414 PRIVATE JOURNAL
I have received, with enthusiasm and delight, the elegant
bouquet made by the beautiful hand of my lovely Princesse
Louisa ; but I have searched in vain for a name, a date, an
address, an inscription, something to denote the donor and
the occasion. Alas ! all is blank and silent. Allow me to
entreat your influence with my adored princesse lo induce
her to add her name and a date. The bouquet is sent for
the purpose by the bearer of this, who will wait your orders.
On another subject, interesting to yourself, be assured of
my punctuality and zeal. It is with regret that I bid adieu lo
Gotha. I shall bear with me to ray native forests the rec
ollection of the charms and hospitalities of its court.
A. Burr.
TO GENERAL MEYNIER,
Frankfort, Jan. 20, 1810.
Mr, Burr has the honour to transmit a letter with which
he was charged by General St, Simon, and he hopes he may
be pardoned the liberty of requesting that General Meynier
would have the goodness to inquire whether Mr, Burr's
passports have been transmitted from Paris. His excel
lency, Mr. de Bourrienne, al Hamburgh, was pleased to take
upon himself the trouble of making the necessary application
in Mr. B.'s behalf,
Mr, Burr proposes to remain al Frankfort until he shall
be favoured with the reply of General Meynier, He offers
salutations and respectful compliments, and apologizes for
this freedom. FROM GENERAL MEYNIER, Mayence, January 22, 1810.
J'ai re^ue, la lettre, danl vous aviez bien volu vous charger
pour moi, de la part de mon ami, le commandant de Hano-
vre, ainsi que le billet en Anglois qui accompagnoit cette
lettre, J'ai raille remerciements a vous faire d'avoir bien
voulu en etre le porteur.

OF AARON BURR, 415
Quant au biUet, je rae suis empresse nou d'aller raoi
m6me chez le prefet et ant incommode ; mais de lui 6crire
sur la demande que vous formez ; le prefet dont je vieu, de
recevoir la reponse, memarque que non seulement il n'a
point de passeport pour vous, monsieur, mais meme que vous
ne lui aviez pas ete annonce par Monsieur Bourrienne, quoi-
que ces sorlez d'annonce au prefet par des agens diploma-
liques, soient recommendees par les instructions de S, E, le
ministre de la pohce generale.
Je suis fach6 que mes information, n'aient pas en pour re-
sultat de vous annoncer le passeport que vous allendiez,
Meynier,*
Le general de div, commandeur la place.
FROM DR, PERKINS, Mayence, January 26, 1810.
Dr, Perkins, who had the honour to meet Colonel Burr
this morning at General Meynier's, requests the permission
to pay his respects to the colonel. The doctor should think
himself happy if, by his knowledge of this country and of
the different languages spoken in it, or by any olher means,
he could render himself useful to the colonel, or make his
stay al Mentz agreeable, ? TRANSLATION.
FROM GENERAL MKYNIEK. Mayence, January 22, 1810.
I have received the letter from my friend, the Commandant of Hanover, which
you were kind enough to take charge of for me ; also the accompanying note in
English. I have a thousand thanks to tender to you for having been willing to
be the bearer of it.
As to the note, I hastened not to go myself to the prefect, being indisposed, but
wrote to him in reference to the question you ask. The prefect, whose answer I
have just received, remarks to me that not only has he no passport for you, sir,
but that you have not even been announced by Mr. Bourrienne ; although these
reports from diplomatic agents are recommended by the instructions of his excel
lency the minister of the general police.
I am sorry that the result of my inquiries does not enable me to notify you of
the passport you were expecting. Meynier,
General of Division commanding the Post,

416 PRIVATE JOURNAL

TO J, CONRAD DE RON.

Frankfort, January 28, 1810.
I have received your obliging letter of the 7lh inst., and
regret that il is not in my power lo give you any information
respecting the relation of whom you inquire with so ranch
solicitude. It is, however, my intention to pass through
Holland, where I shall not fail to make inquiry.
My family is of German origin, and, as I have understood,
derived from that branch of the family which settled in Hol
land more than a century ago ; but I cannot, at present, give
you any particulars of the genealogy, A. Burr.
TO LE COMTE DE VOLNEY, Frankfort, January 29, 1810,
I came to this place some days ago, and have been also
to Mayence, with intent to visit Paris, It is now said that I
must wail the orders of the minister of police at Paris, ^nd a
line, in the usual form, has been addressed lo him for the pur
pose. This delay is extremely inconvenient. If it be mere
ly the course of official duty, I have no reason to complain.
Circumstances, perhaps misconstrued, have led me to sus
pect that the objections were somewhat out of the usual
course, and therefore I lake the liberty of asking your in
terference with the minister of police to expedite the trans
mission of my passport. I rely on your candour lo inform
me if there be any objection, either personal or political,
which is insurmountable. Address to- me at this place, to
the care of Chiron and Saracin.
It may be deemed necessary, or at least proper, to add a
word respecting my views. When I formed the design of
visiting Paris, it had no other object but that of gratifying
the very natural curiosity of seeing the capital of the world.
The great men, and the various things it contains, and the
wish lo see you and a very few others in whom I look a
personal interest. But the publication more recently of a

OF AARON BURR. 417
message from the emperor to the Senate has furnished a
further and more imperious motive, Il has led mc lo be
lieve that I can, better than any other man, perform a service
greatly desired by the emperor and by another country.
It would be equally improper and useless lo explain
myself further in this way ; but, to avoid raisconccplion, I
would add, that the communication and proposal which I
desire to make have no reference lo Uie United Stales, its
government, or politics. A, Burr.
TO MONS. d'iIAUTERIVE, Kr^iikforl, January 29, 1810.
This is the fifth lime I have written to you since Septem
ber last. Four too many, if they should have been all
received, I cannot, however, reproach myself with the
crime of importunity, as you might al any lime have put an
end to il by a single line. Having received no reply, I am
left lo conjecture whether my letters have failed to reach
you, or whether you are averse lo answer them. The object
of all these letters is to ask a passport to visit Paris, It is
not, I know, immediately in your department lo graiil pass
ports ; but if there should be any doubt in the mind of the
minister of police, it is in your power lo remove it, if you
shall choose so lo do. If not, please lo say so by a note
addressed to mc at this place, lo the care of Chiron and
Saracin, A, Burr,
JOURNAL,
Frankfort, February 1, 1810. Mr. Bansa's clerk came in
before I was out of bed this morning, with a letter from M.
de Streiber, enclosing one of introduction for Bethman,
Sent it with a note, and also E, B.'s letter for perusal. At
eleven to Mr, de Rode, Sat half an hour ; he was packing
up lo return to his chateau, about five leagues from town.
A magnificent establishment, as is said. To Cassino at one,
where an hour reading newspapers. Home at Uvo. The
S3

418 PRIVATE JOURNAL
French louis which I bought at Hamburgh are all light. A
loss of three florins on each. Fortunately, have but three left.
At three to Saracin's. Much conversation, but nothing
new. This afternoon, my hostess, who is always thinking
of something lo oblige me, brought in Madame  , a
smart, sprightly, comely English woman, who stayed and took
tea with me. Projects for the amusement of Gamp, advance.
Ruminating all the evening. A new essay lo change the
state of affairs will be made to-morrow. Invitation from
Bethman for Tuesday evening, lo sup, &c.
2. My rooms are so small and the ceilings so low, that,
when the stove is healed, I am suffocated, the hot air being
above ; whUe my head is in an oven, my feet are in an ice
house. Got up this morning later than usual, stupid, and
choked with a cold. At twelve lo le ministre HedouviUe.
He was engaged, but appointed one o'clock. To Cassino
to pass the interval reading newspapers. Cut all my friends
to be beforehand. At one to the minister's ; an amiable,
inteUigent, weU-bred man. Received my communication
with courtesy, and engaged to transmit it forthwith lo Paris.
A reply cannot be expected within twelve days. Have a
great mind to go to Weimar.
At three to Eslinger le libraire. He has caught the
infection. Passed an hour looking over books, but bought
nothing. I wish lo send you so many that it will end in
sending none. Yes, a good French Dictionary, if one there
be, I wUl send. Tea at six, and at seven came in Saracin
lo lake me to the rauseum. The rausic was fine. Two
airs by the enchanting voice of Schonberg. A handsorae
young man introduced himself to me as from Hanover, and
bearing a civil message to me from the beautiful M'lle.
Karsaboom. This is ladies' night at Cassino, but did not
go. Home at half past eight. The hostess invited me lo
partake of her supper. Agreed. The party was madame,
her seamstress, another woman, and one of the journeymen.
Invitation from Bethman to dine on Sunday.

OF AARON BURR. 419
3. Rose very late. The maid makes my fire, that is,
heals my room at seven, but I gel stupified by the heat;
for this I see no remedy, unless I could muster force enough
to get up before any heal was introduced. But there is no
exigence requiring this effort. After the answer from Paris,
which may be expected on Tuesday, the case wUl be altered,
whatever may be the tenour of that answer.
At twelve to Cassino. Met at the door Mons. de Wielkel-
hausen, who, having married the niece of M. Vandervelten,
has thus become my cousin. He talked to rae half an hour
about family matters, &c. Read newspapers an hour.
Home an hour ; then to the Musee, this being the day of
exhibition. Mel there Saracin and family; mon araiable
cousin, mais pas beaucoup de monde. Among the paintings
was a Cleopatra ; as usual, blonde et grande, though, in fact,
she was petite et brune. Mon cousin proposed to me twen
ty different parties and promenades, all of which I declined.
At length one, to which I acceded. It was very kind and
very hospitable, but failed in the result. The parties not
found. Home at five. Dressed, and waited for Saracin,
who came al seven. To his brother's, Mons. Lars, a man
of adoption (these adoptions are always attended with for
tune), he being born Saracin. There was a very handsome
and gay party. Mons. and Madame Schonberg ; she sang
for us ; M. Chaumonl el femme ; Madame  , belle et
superbe femme, soeur de ces deux de Mayence, whom I met
at Saracin's; la jolie pit. Cloison, who pleased me so much
at the Cassino's ball on Monday of last week.
We had a great deal of charraing music. La Pruss.
sings dehghlfuUy; so Cloison on the guitar. A suite of
four rooms well lighted. The supper elegant and the guests
extremely gay. Home at one. My stove cold as ice. Took
one hour lo raake fire, gel warmed, and smoke my pipe.
Frankfort, S. M., February 4. I have not before put S,
M., which means sur Mein, lo distinguish it from Frankfort
S. O. (sur Oder). Rose late. Did nothing liU one ; then

420 PRIVATE JOURNAL
to dine with Bethman-y-la mere et two fiUes, Brevillieur;
la femme Vunnixune, of which I have often spoken ; M'lle.
Delz. is one of the finest women I meet; Mons. de Brevil-
heur, brother of the deceased father ; la mere was a Goulard.
In all, we were twenty-one at table. The dinner handsome ;
but the rapidity with which things were done is inconve
nient and unusual; you would think we were eating for wa
ges, such is the velocity with which the courses are served.
The moment the last course has gone round (everything is
handed round by the servant), all rise and go off lo the draw
ing-room, where coffee is served. A sprightly young Gene-
Yoise merchant pursued me a great deal, and was very civil.
Had also, to-day, an invitation to Madame chez  souer
de Saracin ; but Belhman's was first. Off al five, and to
M'lle.  , who lives under the same roof with ber brother,
where passed an hour pleasantly. Home at seven. Ma
hostess invited me to her party, i. e., the English woman;
another English woman, native of Pennsylvania, where re
mained tiU nine. Had my tea. Wrote a long letter about
Charles and famUy, to be transmitted to the parents of Mr.
and Mrs. Loss, who live seventy or eighty miles hence.
Wrote also to General Meynier and to Dr. Perkins at May
ence, requesting each of them lo inform me if there was any
news about ray passports.
5. At nine lo Saracin's with my letters. Home to break
fast; then to work to assort papers, &c., and prepare for
locomotion, which \feel will soon be necessary. But wheth
er to Paris, or to prison, or to Russia, or to the United States,
is known yonder above, but they won't tell Gamp. At nine
to the Cassino bal au maison Rouge, Saracin having sent
me a tickel-y-the Endes ; M'lle. Brevillieur, who introduced
to me her cousin. Dr. Schlosser, LL.D. I was just wish
ing lo know some lawyer. Ma pel Ende looked very weU ;
Cloisin not there. The assembly was very full and very
brilliant. There seems to be a sort of tacit accord among
the bourgeoises lo go only every olher week. Le Baron

OF AARON BURR. 421
d'Ende, Mr. de B., and the Saracin family were my princi
pal associates. Off at half past eleven. Yes, there was
also that fine, imposing form and countenance, M'lle. de
 , who resembles Emilie de Visme. " Suspense," says
Swifc, " is the life of a spider."
6. Jour, the same as heretofore, because two and two
make four ; so that, according to some logicians, twice 27
make 54, and so on ad infinitum. Sat up till three, smo
king and assorting scraps. To Cassino at one. Met Beth
man, and the M. G. resembling Gallatin, but not the front
nor the nose. An amiable phiz. Always meet monde there ;
but go off about one, that being the known usual hour of
dinner. Gamp, is more sought and spoke to these some days
past. Bethman, who wrote to Paris about ten days ago,
has, as he says, no answer. Perhaps they care nothing,
think nothing about us. The moment the Rhine is open,
will be off, if suffered.
Saw from the Cassino windows two regiments French
cavalry, on march to France. The horses and men small,
but the men handsome, sprightly youths. Did not see a
horse that would have sold at Philadelphia for one hundred
dollars. Much talking among the men. Swords not very
long; remarkably straight; light. Written at three P. M.
You will have a word more on my return from Belhman's
to-night. Got home from Belhman's at half past twelve. It was a
very handsome party of about thirty. The supper comme
il faut. Conversation, cards, billiards, music, filled the in
terval before supper, which was served about half past ten.
The same rapidity as at dinner. The company retired about
an hour after supper. The party was wholly of citizens,
except General Sweyer, two young French officers, and a
Russian envoy. Many of my particular acquaintance of
both sexes were there. Was most occupied with Madame
 , who, lo many agreements, adds that of speaking Eng
lish. She very wickedly led me into dilemma by exciting

422 PRIVATE JOURNAL
remarks on her brother and his wife. It happened that she
was a beautiful woman, and that I pronounced very favour
ably on both. The evening passed off very well. Mr.
Bethman has no news for me, but expects a messenger to
night. To-morrow, loo, I shall have answers lo my letters
to P. and M. At Mayence to-morrow night.
7. At ten lo Belhman's for news. He had none for me.
Walked an hour to find La Doug., but could not find the
place. Home and got ray bUl, the week having expired.
Voici les details, and then you wiU know how I live.

Floiila.

Kreulien.

Florins.

Kreuhera.

Rooms and furniture

3

00

1 bottle wine .

0

36

Bread

8

35

1 lb. sugar

2

04

1 lb. cheese

0

28

Wood .

2

00

I lb. butter

0

16

59
Eight florins and fifty-nine kreutzers is about four dollars.
Not extravagant. But then the contingencies :
entzers.
Fiorina.
Ereatxem.
To servants when dining
12
or supping abroad i
00
12
Moi . . . .6
00
30
13
44
8
59
A decanter broken by the
stove heat . 1
Washing ... 1
To the servants • 2
22 43
Twenty-two florins and forty-three kreutzers is about
eight and a half dollars. At the hotel for one week it cost me
eighty-two florins, and I had not half the comfort. Now for
the Cassino to read the news, of which I am told there is much
by this maU regarding the interior. The moment of enter
ing the Cassino a gentleman look me aside ; told me he was
secretary of Mr.  ; that his exceUency was ready to oive
me a passport when I should please, and would be glad to
see me at eleven lo-morrow. This was what I least ex
pected to meet al Cassino, or at all through that channel.
At half past two to see our cousins, Madame Vander-
valten & Co. Found there a pleasant little party. Three
OF AARON BURR.

423

pretty girls, aU cousins, setting round a large table drinking
coffee. It is a very respectable old lady. Her husband a
comte, but she does not assume the title. At four to Saracin
lo counsel. Always frank and kind. Home at five. Tea
at seven. To Saracin's, and sat half an hour. Agreed to
go lo the bal masqu6. Said that there wiU be many honnStes
go- One o'clock. Have returned early from the baU. It was
very full, and much raore brilliant than the first. It seems
that the honnltes dames are resolved not to be chased from
their favourite amusement by the demireps. The latter
were, however, the great majority. For want of the language,
I was a mere spectator. I conceive that il may be made
very charming. My head, however, is full of olher things.
That message, and the channel through which it comes ! but
to-morrow — to-day (being near two in the morning) wUl
develop. Feb7-uary 12. My maps being locked up, and the con-
ducleur refusing me access to them till we reach Metz, which
will be to-morrow P. M., can give you no account of my
route. But we are about one hundred and ten English
miles from Mayence. But, as you have heard nothing from
me since Wednesday the 7lh, it is necessary to go back.
On Thursday, paid visit of conge to Bethman, to Baron
d'Ende, lo G. Saw not one of them. Mr. B. was engaged,
and sent message by the servant asking me to dine to-morrow
(Friday), which declined, having resolved to leave town. Sat
a few minutes with Madame la Baronne. Dined with Sar
acin en famUle at half past one. Thence to Madame Vander-
valtin, our cousin. Sat half an hour. Yesterday sent for
her inspection the picture, of which many pretty things were
said. Home al half past four, but, not feeling a disposition
to go lo work, went out and walked half an hour.
I forgot lo say that before dinner went to see if the Com.
de R. had returned to town. He had just arrived. We
met like old affectionate friends. He was engaged to dine

424 PRIVATE JOURNAL
with Com. de B., to celebrate the birthday of the prince, and
so we arranged an interview at ten at his house. At ten
went and passed nearly two hours. Much information about
Paris. Talked lo him of Mexico, in which he entered
warmly and predicted success. Home at twelve and worked
till three. Made a long list of letters to be written 'before
leaving Frankfort, of which wrote not one. Did nothing but
what had a direct reference lo my object. If they will only
hear me, and HedouviUe says they will.
Rose at seven Friday morning. Worked hard, but did
not gel through the assorting, transcribing addresses, &c.
Had visits from Saracin, Fuhs, his son-in-law, and from
Cora, de R. Got to the S. office at twelve, and, for the first
time, got inside. Most alarming account of the rigid visita
tion at Cassel, used at Mayence. At Cassel the search was
very slight; and at Mayence, where I supposed my pockets
would be examined, met a good-natured looking fellow,
who asked where I would lodge. "Au trois Couronnes."
" AUez y et voire baggage vous suivra en cinque minutles."
In effect, in five minutes my baggage came, not having been
opened and no douceur paid. Went direct to the prefect's to
get my passport vised. He was out, and would not be home
till ten. Gave a livre lo the servant lo deliver him a mes
sage, requesting that he would vise my passport to-night.
CaUed and left card at Kayser's. Then home. The dili
gence was lo go at six next morning. Liltle chance of
seeing the prefect to-night, and so went off to hunt his sec
retary. He received me civilly, and agreed to do the busi
ness, which he was half an hour doing, while I played with
his two beautiful children. At ten came in D. and sat an
hour. Gave me memorandum of a lady who might be an
agreeable acquaintance. To bed al two, having spent two
hours in assorting, &c., which got through to my satisfaction.
At six was called. Went to take place in the diligence.
The inside full. Four dames ; but, as two were to be taken
up eight leagues on our way, got the privilege of riding

OF AARON BURR. 425
inside so far. The two dames were an officer's wife, very
pretty, and a soldier's wife. The two we took in were a
lady and a pretty daughter. Took my station outside, with
a young man of very decent appearance, who was going as
conscript lo join the army. He says that a substitute costs
one hundred louis, and if he deserts the principal must
replace him. Got to our quarters at ten, and to bed at
twelve. Called up at four this morning, and arrived here at
six. Ordered a room and fire, with which all this is written
at twelve o'clock.
Seven leagues back is a beautiful little town on the Saar,
formerly the residence of the Prince of Nassau. His elegant
palace being manifestly an aristocralical structure, was burned
by the Jacobins when they carried war here early in the
revolution. The palace was then a hospital, and there being
no time to remove the patients, they were also burned. The
church (one of them) is a very elegant little building. On
the opposite side of the town, along the banks of the Saar,
saw fields of the stubble or stalks of Indian corn, the first I
have seen since leaving the United States. But have not
yet seen, on this side the Rhine, a single vineyard. They
say it is too cold, though on the other side, even in the
neighbourhood of Fulda, nearly one hundred miles north of
this, all the hills were covered wiih vines. No interest or
amusement of any sort with the dames. I am supposed to
be a Swede.
All the country I have passed through since crossing Ihe
Rhine, till within a league of this place where I now write,
was formerly subject lo different German princes, and has
been conquered by and incorporated with France since the
revolution. Hitherto, of course, everything has been Ger
man. Here all is French. The language of the family ;
the manners ; the hostess, a very handsome young woman,
extremely attractive and polite ; our conducteur is French
by birth, but not by manners. He is, in all respects, the
chief of the party. Does the honours of the table, &c. Met

426 PRIVATE JOURNAL
an interesting young sub-officer, speaking perfectly good
English. I am very bad corapany and unsocial, my head
being so full of Mexican affairs.
Paris, February 16, 1810. Left Chalons at five yester
day. The day, yesterday, was fine spring weather. The
atmosphere tolerably clear. I rode outside to enjoy the
beauty of the scenery. We breakfasted al Epernay, the
centre of the fine vin Champagne country, and we drank
several sorts. Thence along the Marne for some leagues ;
the mountains on each side are covered with vines, but the
land on the north side of the valley is of ten limes more
value than that on the south. An arpent of the former is
said to be worlh from two to four thousand dollars !
Rode all night, and arrived here at twelve this day. My
room (the only vacant one in the hotel) is up two flights of
stairs, about fourteen feet square ; paved with brick, very
coarsely furnished ; a large, very large, ill-constructed fire
place. No quantity of wood can warm the room. The
wood is brought, five split sticks (such as Gampy would
take in one hand), for thirty sous. The sous is about equal
to one cent. This room is forty sous per day.
My compagnon de voyage. Major Thomas, took me to a
coffee-house lo dine. The expense, with two bottles of wine,
was sixty sous each. Thence to a coffee-house au Palais
Royal. A dish of coffee, ten sous. Walked an hour under
the arches, which is the evening promenade. Saw not one
beautiful or very fine woman. The best, you know, is al
ways good I'aime.
17. My first business this morning was lo address a note
to the Due de Cadore, ministre des relationes exler., which
went by a raessenger, twelve sous. Thence to Hauterive.
Out. Left my name. To Mr. Schoel, libraire, with letter
from Berluck. Out. Left the letter, but no card. To Dr.
Swediaur, with letter from Baron Slriek. Sat half an hour
with the doctor. A man of sense and science; frank and
cheerful. Gave me very kind reception. Home at four.

OP AARON BURK. 427
A bowl of soup in my room for dinner, eight sons, with bread.
Tea in the evening, thirty sous. A note from the Due de
Cadore, appointing Monday, two P. M., for an audience.
Home and alone all ihe evening.
18, Breakfast, lea, brought from the lemonadieres, thirty
sous. The tea very bad ; coffee rather worse, Al twelve
to Comte de Volney's, Out, Left card. Having heard
nothing frora Hauterive, wrote him note, requesting inform
ation about several of my acquaintance. Out, and got no
answer. Much trouble about outfits for presentation to
morrow. Tailor, chaponier, &c.
About five with Major Thomas to dine at any coffee-house
or traiteur au affiche ; dinner of four courses for twenty-four
sous. Went in to make experiments. Had for twenty-four
sous a very good dinner and a small caraffe of common wine
each. Took another bottle of vin Bang, blanc at thirty sous
in honour of the house. The waiter expects nothing from
you at these places. On the way went into a shop, vingt
cinque sous le piece, and bought each a couple, A most
curious collection of all manner of things, each being twenty-
five sous. Thence to a coffee-house and took coffee. Thence
au Coffee-house des Aveugles, i. e,, a cellar vaulted, eighty or
a hundred feet square, well furnished. Music and orchestra
of blind performers. Entrance gratis. We were four, and
took beer and biscuit, three sous each. Thence au Coffee
des Milles Colonnes, celebrated for the beauty of the mis-
tresfe. The rooms are supported by colonnes, and every pier
filled by mirrors. The reflections give the idea of boundless
space and numberless colonnes. The lady at one side, eleva
ted about two feet ; a kind of throne, from which gives orders
and receives money most graciously, and for twenty louis —
but that must be a lie. We had a hot sangaree. Thence
au Caffee des Varieties, Pantomimic and dramatic per
formances are given. Entrance gratis. It was so crowded
that we could not get in. Left my companions and got
home half past nine.

428 PRIVATE JOURNAL
19. Rose late, which always stupifies me. Wrote a note
to Hauterive requesting an answer. Got an answer. He
knows nothing of Delage or Senat, or of any one of the sub
jects of my inquiry. Being dressed by one, and having an
hour to spare, went to  , lo whom had a letter of intro
duction from Duke Reg. de Gotha. Out. Left letter and
card. To le Prince de Benevent. Out. Left card. The
porter said, if I wished to see him, I must address him a line
and get his hour. Thence to le Due de Cadore. Here I
was denied, not being on the list of receivables, and not
having brought with me the duke's note. Fortunately, ihe
porter of the day was a woman, her husband being sick.
After much negotiation, got admission to the antechamber.
Sent in ray card and was received. Had an hour's conversa
tion ; all in French, and I was in bad order. Home at four.
Soup, &c., for dinner, fourteen sous, bread included. No
thing is furnished at the hotel where I lodge but rooms,
wood, candles, and wine.
At six au theatre Franpois. It was full, and no admission
could be had. Told my valet to lake me lo the nearest
theatre. Paid three livres for a place. Il was a rope-
dancer. The first performance, a boy of about seven years ;
the second, a girl of six ; the third, a lad of twelve ; the
fourth, a pretty girl of sixteen. Then succeeded three men
who did wonders. You would think these fellows were
made, like Bentham's longs, of air and steel. Made a very
pleasant acquaintance, who was in the adjoining box. She
invited me to sup, which I declined. How wonderfully dis
creet ; but then I engaged to call on her to-morrow. How
wonderfully silly. Home at nine.
20. Rose again very late, and, of course, very stupid.
The first thing I did was lo call on my valet, and tell him
that I would dismiss him if I was abed one minute later
than half past six to-morrow. He swears by all the saints
that I shall be up at half past six. At one to Lepine's, lo
whom I committed your watch to be put in perfect order.

OF AARON BURR. 429
He knew it immediately, and, by turning lo his book, told me
the day it was sold. He showed rae many superb clocks
and timepieces. Several of curious construction and his
invention. Went to several shops to hunt for American maps, but
found none of any value. Called again on Schoel, whom I
met. A most charming, prepossessing, frank, open Ger
man face. Full of bonhomie. We shall be good ac
quaintance. Gave me some useful information, and an ad
dress to Mons. de Valkenaer, who is lo give me more.
At three came in le Comte de Volney. He had peruke,
and I did not recognise him. Turned his profile ; still me-
connaissable. Gave rae his name, and we embraced. Sat
an hour. Have not been out since five, and have made but
one meal. Tea, bread and butter.
21. Still hard winter. With my great chimney and small
room ventilated at a thousand crevices, and wood at twenty-
five sous for five small sticks, I suffer and freeze. Lay
abed till near ten this morning to keep myself warm. Sent
my valet to hunt Barnett, late United States' consul. He is
out of town, and Adet, whose address he brought me. Al
one called on Scherer and Fringeslin, with the letter of Sar
acin. Saw Scherer, who invited rae, in the name of his wife,
to a party this evening, which declined. His establishment
is vast and splendid. To Schoel's to get Volney's new
book. Home by way of P. R. Took a room on the first
floor ; wooden floor, something better furnished than the
other, but I fear no warmer, at fifty livres per month, with
liberty to quit sooner on paying a liltle more.
Being out of humour with my the at thirty sous, and
very bad, bought for six livres. Had the satisfaction lo
make my own slop in my own way. I have by this means
learned the prices following : Butter, 36 sous per lb. ; coffee,
110 sous per lb.; bread is reasonable; for four sous I got
my day's allowance and more.
22. Last evening, after writing the preceding page, read

430 PRIVATE JOURNAL
three hours in Benlham's notes on Judiciary. Il answered
the purpose of talking with him, and I caught a ray of illu
mination from his genius. This ray regards my own imme
diate concerns. At ten went to hunt Adet, whom I found.
He recognised me immediately. Made an appointment to
meet him au corps legislatif at two. Hence lo Volney's,
Out, To Bovet and Bourdillion, Saw Bovet, who told me
that young Bourdillion of Frankfort had announced me sev
eral days ago. Thence home, and at two au corps legisla
tif. The building is so iramense and so intricate that I
was a long time finding the right way. Mons. Adet met
me, and we walked through the building and talked for half
an hour. Home at four. After dinner walked two hours in
and about Palais Royal, where the eye and ear may be al
ways amused, and the other senses, if you please. Wrote
a note to Due de Cadore.
While I was dining a gentleman came in with a written
message from the Rev. Mr. I. Burr, Chanoine du Chapilre
CoUegi al de Rheinfeld en Suisse, inquiring if I were not
son of Zacche Burr, Mer. d'Ostende, and hoping that we
were very neariy related. I regretted that I could not claim
the honour of any very near relationship ; but I shaU write
a line to my coz.
23. There is no end to this winter. By way of variety,
there is now a sort of sleet. Yesterday we had a little snow.
Don't know at what hour I go to bed or get up, for your
watch is in the hands of Lepine himself, who told me when it
was sold, to whom, and for how much. He proraises that it
shaU be put in complete order. At twelve to-day came in
the celebrated Captain Haley. The first American I have
seen. Told me that Vanderlyn is in Paris, and hunting for
me. I thought him in Rome. How glad — Major or Col
onel Hunt and Barnel are on a tour to sell lands.
At one, the weather notwithstanding, to Mons.  , the
celebrated geographer. Was received. Showed the maps
I wished to examine. Offered to lend me any and to give

OF AARON BURR. 431
me several. Passed an hour with him much to my satisfac
tion. A sensible, cheerful man of about forty-five ; I believe
a German, but speaks French and English. Home at four.
Before going out this morning, sent my note to the Duke de
Cadore. Have no answer yet. This evening a card from
Mr. and Madame Scherer, lo pass the evening on Thursday.
24. Did not go out of my room yesterday after dinner.
Voila, eight days in Paris without having been to a theatre
or place of amusement, though I am in the very centre of
theatres, bals raasqufe et non masque, and shows of all
sorts. I had set my heart on one object, and that one suf
ficed for occupation and amusement; but two days having
now elapsed since my note to the duke, and no reply, I may
conclude that my hopes of business are at an end.
Though lo bed at one, did not rise till near ten. At one
lo Captain Haley's, whence sent a note lo Vanderlyn, re
quiring him to present himself. Roved two hours. Home
at four. At twelve Major Thomas came in to lake leave ;
he goes lo Portugal.
25. Rose at nine. Perhaps this great torpor may arise
from having left off my evening tea, which was a very great
luxury, but certain objections which you can divine. Wait
ed till half past eleven in hopes of seeing Vanderlyn, but
he came not. Is it possible that he too can have turned
rascal ?
Out at twelve to Comte de Volney. Sat half an hour.
Gave him several commissions, which he undertook cheer
fully. The sessions of the senate are always secret. No
one admitted. The treaty with Sweden proclaimed in all
form on yesterday. Forgot to tell you that I met one of
the processions yesterday on the Pont Neuf.
The Carnival must have commenced, for I meet in the
streels persons in the most fantastic attire. Some covered
from head to foot with slips of various-coloured paper, imi
tating plumes ; others h. I'harlequin, &c. The weather has
become mild. Two days of strong south wind, with mist.

432 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Dinner ; but first au bain, thirty sous. On return from bain
found a card of Vanderlyn. Went al six lo find him, a full
league. The address must be wrong, for at the place
named he was not known. Called on Captain Haley on re
turn. He tells me that S. Broome is here, and desirous of
seeing me ! Home at eight. Did not go out again. De
termined to make further attempt to gel hearing.
26. At nine to Captain Haley's lo get him to show me
Vanderlyn's quarters. He had given me the wrong number,
71 instead of 72. They were half a mile distant. Found
Vanderlyn. He is the same as formerly. Took break
fast wiih him. An hour looking at his pictures. Marius
on the ruins of Carthage obtained the gold medal in 1808.
I see nothing in that line lo exceed it. Other admirable
things, both original and copied. Then walked lo his shoe
maker's. Thence to St. Mar. Gate, where Madame Senat
lately lodged, that is to say, six years ago. No person at
the house had any recollection of her, so that matter must
be given up. Thence to the Louvre. The statues and the
pictures ; the Venus de Medicis, Apollo de Belvidere, Lao
coon, &c. The gallery containing the paintings is fourteen
hundred French feel long; about fifteen hundred and fifty
English, besides a very large hall. Home at four. Al six
to the litUe Vaudrille theatre. Home at half past ten. The
theatre is small and very plain. No scenery but a change
of rooms. Parterre, orchestra, and five rows of boxes. For
the first and second row of boxes and the orchestra you pay
six francs. All the parts extremely well acted.
27. Vanderlyn came in about nine and took breakfast
with me, and went with me lo Fonzi, the dentist.
28. Fruitless lour to find Fonzi. Had a visit from Comte
de Volney. Called on Adet. Received a note from the
minister of exterior relations, appointing M. Roux to treat
with me. To Piquet's, where bought a map of the Gulf of
Mexico for nine francs.

OF AARON BURR. 433

TO MR.  . Frankfort, February 4, 1810.
Charles Loss, of Thunningen, who married Miss Engels,
is settled in New-York. I became acquainted with them
about a year after their arrival in America, and we have ever
since continued in habits of great intimacy. He (Charles)
is now comfortably established; has a, pleasant house, a lit
tle box with a few acres of land, on which he has planted a
vineyard, nearly opposite the city, on the east bank of the
Hudson. He holds the office of surveyor in the city, and
has been much employed as a land surveyor. He is uni
versally and justly esteemed for his integrity, fidelity, and
honour. When I parted with him on my leaving the Uni
ted States in June, 1808, he gave me the address of his fa
ther, and of the father of Mrs. Loss, of which I enclose you
a copy. I have added the names and ages of their children ;
there is probably an addition by this time.
I beg you wUl do me the favour to communicate these
particulars to the parents of Mr. and Mrs. Loss, or Mr. D.
Engels, Should they be in good circumstances, I would
wish to induce them to send some aid to their amiable chil
dren in America. A sum in money would, be of great use
to them, and no man in America is more capable of placing
money to advantage than Charles Loss ; and the period is,
in every respect, very favourable. For, in the first place,
there would be a profit of more than twenty per cent, on the
remittance ; and, in the next, the circumstances of the Uni
ted States afford, at this moment, unusual opportunities for
vesting money lo advantage. You can inform the parents
how remittances can best be made, I had like to have for
gotten poor Adolphus. He is a good, amiable young man ;
but has not the talents of his brother Charles.
Neither Mr. nor Mrs. Charles Loss had the remotest idea
that I should say anything to their parents about pecuniary
aid. But having, since our first acquaintance, enjoyed their
Vol. I.— T.

434 PRIVATE JOURNAL
entire confidence, I know that a competent sum would just
now be of the utmost importance to them, and might greatly
advance the permanent respectability of their family.
I enclose also the original raemorandum, in the handwri
ting of Charies,- which you may transmit to either of their
parents if a safe opportunity should offer. A. Burr,
JOURNAL,
Paris, March 1, 1810, To the chaponier's, the greatest
rascal in Paris. Paid fifteen francs for using a hat and
sword one hour, and twenty-seven livres for a round hat.
But, thank God, I am quit of him. To Vanderlyn, with
whom left the picture, to be put in the hands of an engraver.
Home at one, and at two to*Roux, with whom an hour. A
sensible, amiable young raan, Horae at half past three.
At eight to Scherer's. Was the first arrived. They were
coraing in till past ten. Danced lUl two. Tea, cakes, lem
onade, ices, sangaree, FinaUy, soups, all' served round.
Left at three. Carriage-hire, going and coming, four francs
ten sous,
2, At nine to Hauterive's, The porter said his master
was abroad, which was a lie, and that raadame was too in
disposed to see any one, which was another. That he was
charged by monsieur to say lo me, in case I should call, that,
if I had anything lo communicate or require, it ought to be
by letter, as his engagements, &c., did not allow him the
time to see me ! There's for you.
To Mr, Roux's house al ten, to make supplementary com
munication. Passed half an hour. Home al eleven. Coach-
hire, four francs. At one to Baron d'Alberg, minister of
Bad, Out ; left letter and card. To Scherer's to get sun
dry addresses, and to get him to find Louisa Marlow. To
hunt General Waltersloff, but could not find the house.
Home at three. Coach-hire, three francs ten sous. At four
to De Zauche's, the geographer. Bought two maps for four
francs. Home at six ; a liltle stupid or so.

OF AARON BURR. 435
3. Again to Scherer's to get the address of Waltersloff,
but did not get it. To Volney's. Out. To Mons. la Case,
whom saw ; very civU ; has been in the United States. Re
ceived a note from Baron d'Alberg to dine with him on
Monday. Au Theatre Francois, where saw the new tragedy of Brun-
chart, and after, the Barbier de Seville ou Figaro,^par Beau-
marchois. I thought M'lle.  better in tragedy than
Madame Duchesnois, who is the Siddons of Paris. Sat
next an English lady.
The emperor came in during the third act, and was vis-k-
vis de moi. Had a good view of him. There was clapping
in the pit when he entered and when he went out. As he
retired he made a sUghl bow.
March 10. Just one week since I have vVritten yoi| a line,
for which I have no apology lo offer. The emperor attends
service (mass) every Sunday at his chapel. He also attends
frequently reviews in the Tuileries. To assist at either re
quires a ticket, and I have not yet had influence enough to
procure one for either.
Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday I was very busy prepa
ring a letter intended to be presented to the emperor. When
it was nearly done, something occurred which altered my
mind. On Monday dined with the Baron d'Alberg. There was
a Count Louis (senateur, I think). General Yallance, two
ladies, and five other gentlemen. Gamp, was of so small
account that neither chair nor plate was provided for him,
and he stood a minute after aU were seated. Mons. le Baron
d'Alberg is a man of about thirty-two, madame about the
same. He has been created a duke by the emperor.
WhUe I was preparing my letter I had occasion for some
maps, which, on my first visit to Valkenaer, he had offered
to lend m,e, but which I then declined. On Wednesday
went to him to ask the loan. He denied having made such
offer, and treated me rudely. Monday had a note from Ma-
T2

436 PRIVATE JOURNAL
dame L., requesting an interview. After leaving D'Alberg's,
caUed on madame. A sensible, well-bred woman. Has a
daughter about sixteen. The husband of madame has been
in America six years, having, as I take il, abandoned wife
and daughter. Adet has not returned my visit.
On Monday evening with Vanderlyn at the opera. The
scenery, and ballets, and decorations are charming, and that
is all. On Tuesday a minuil au grand bal masque at the
Theatre Imperial. There were very few characteristic
dresses, and of about one thousand people, it appeared to
me that at least nine hundred ennuied themselves. I was
without mask. Took seat in the boxes, promenaded a
little the room, and came off at two o'clock.
A gentleman remarked that the English had no word to
express ennui, which he thought the more remarkable as
they were so subject to that evil. No, replied le Comte de
L. In England it is conceived to be the natural stale, and
synonymous with existence, and, therefore, no word requir
site. This P. M. wrote note to Adet to reraind him of the
ticket for the chapel. He answered that he had applied,
and it had been refused, ¦
Thursday called at Fonzi's lo take Vanderlyn to the
Theatre Comique. There were Madame F. and Mr. de
Castro, and we stayed and passed the evening there. De
Castro is very charming. The other sensible and amiable,
I have been running all this week to booksellers to hunt
something, particularly dictionaries for you. There is no
good dictionary of the French language. The National In
stitute are now occupied in that affair, and their work may
be expected lo appear about the year 1835; so a distin
guished member of that body informed me.
Yesterday called on M, Roux to know if any answer.
None ; but the minister hoped I would not be impatient lo
leave Paris. To-day called again on Mr. R., and, after con
versation, agreed to take dinner with him en famille. There

OF AARON BURR.

437

were, besides him, madame, and fils, two gentlemen and a
lady. Was amused and something more. Home at nine.
My friend. Captain Haley, has left town for a fortnight.
Le Comte Del. also for eight days. Cannot hear of Delage,
Senat, or Mariow. At this late hour, am going to make a
slop tea.
11. The tea kept me awake tiU four, and then I locked
my door to prevent the coming in of the servant as usual at
seven. Slept tUl ten, which have had reason to regret.
1st. D. Swede, whom I wished much to see, caUed at nine,
and I was reported out.
2d. At eight came a note from Mons. R., informing me
that Mr. M. would conduct me to the TuUeries, and procure
me admission to see the review at half past nine ; that too
was lost. I did, however, call on Mr. M. about half past
eleven, and he was still waiting for me ; but the TuUeries
gales were shut, a"'' Uicre wqr j,o f,nt»ance. We were
turned off very rudely. Thence to Shdrt's. Saw Mr. and
Mrs.  . Mel several regiments passing the bridge, coming
from the parade. At three to Madame L. She tells me of
several ladies of my acquaintance ; among others, Mrs. Rob
ertson (Reid), whom you knew at New- York, he having died
six months ago. Am to meet Madame M. at Madame L.'s
on Tuesday evening.
Horae at four, and have not been out since. Vanderlyn
came in at eight, took tea, and stayed till ten. Have a vUe
sore throat since four days. It grows worse and yields to
nothing. 12. Rose al nine, quite choked with sore throat. Walked
out an hour before breakfast, though a chilly morning. To
hunt your dictionaries, but have not purchased. There is
not yet any very good dictionary. A new edition of the
academy, by Moulardier and Le Clerc, not being issued under
the proper authority, has, I am told, been condemned. It
is, however, in our shop offered for sale, at the enormous
price of eighty francs, in two volumes. The Dictionary

438 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Critique of Feraud, not pretending lo be a complete diction
ary of the language, in three volumes, may, at the same time,
be had for thirty-six francs. That of Gettel, in two volumes
octavo, for fourteen francs. The last two I shall buy for
you, and the new edition of the Dictionary des Synonymes.
But how they are lo be got out lo you is a circumstance not
yet foreseen, all commerce on both sides being prohibited.
Horae, and took some tea and bread, which swallowed with
difficulty. At one to Swediaur's, and gave him a louis pro
fessionally, the first cent spent in this way in ten years.
He tells me nothing new, but, with the ordinary remedies,
thinks I will be able to speak and swallow in three or four
days. The latter is of litlle consequence lo me, you know ;
but the former may be of very great, having yet a hope of
being called on for explanations, &c.
The doctor gave me the address of another bookseller,
Mr. Paschaud, GprvoTrnise X-nnro very afirfifiahly .tnrpTised
lo find a beautiful, sensible, well-bred woman. Sat half an
hour, and engaged to call again as visiter, though I am yet
incog. Called on my shoemaker, who is as faithless as any
American mechanic. Home at three.
March 28. Looking over my scraps, I cannot find that I
have written you a line since the 12th inst., nor have I any
sort of apology to offer for the negligence. Not want of
leisure, for of that I have but loo much.
It was on that day that I saw Madame Paschaud, and I
have been there regularly twice a day. Have passed every
evening with her save one. Have walked with her ; been
to the opera ; dined there two or three times en famille.
She introduced me lo her sister, who is married and settled
here ; also lo the very venerable and interesting Mons. Su-
ard, eminent for his hterary talents and acquirements. Ma
dame is about the size and form of Mrs. Madison, though
some ten years younger, stiU larger. Very black hair and
eyes. A fine, clear, fair brunette, with the complexion of
full heahh. Her husband is at Geneve. I rather think that

OF AARON BURR, 439
she must be the cause that I have not Written you. This
evening she goes to a ball, so that I am home at ten (having
just now left her), which is at least one hour earlier than
usual. Have dined once with Swediaur. A pleasant, social party
of eight ; among them Oelsner, to whom he had introduced
me some days before, Oelsner introduced me to a very
singular and amiable man, d'une certain age, le Comte de
Slubrendorf. There met the celebrated Abbe Gerard and
a Polish nobleman.
Yesterday called on Mrs. Robertson, the widow of Dr.
Robertson, who has here a very elegant establishment. She
is amazingly well preserved. She told me that young T.
BuUer and one of his sisters are here for his health. CaUed
on them, but they were out.
Was at a ball al Scherer's on Thursday. There were
several fine women. A young Swiss, of the name of De
Rham, introduced himself to rae. He has been five years
m me United States. " Left New- York in December last.
Intimate with the Laighls, &c. A young Frenchman, Paul,
also just from Philadelphia. He met me in the street arfd
claimed my acquaintance.
The author of the Orphehus sent me a copy of her book,
with, a pretty note, which cost me a louis. Very silly. On
Friday last, wrote to his majesty the King of Westphalia,
asking an audience, but he had gone to Compeigne.
Have had several interviews with Mr. Roux, and once
dined with him. Have no reason to believe that my busi
ness advances, or that I shall do anything here. On Mon
day called on Mr. Ferris, an Irishman, related to Blenner
hassett. Visit returned yesterday. CaUed on Schwitzer
who has returned the Tjisit. He is- Utile changed. Yester- '
day wrote the Prince Benevent, asking an interview, but
have received no answer, Have seen Volney several times.
Have bought you dictionaries, &c., to the amount of nine
louis.

440 PRIVATE JOURNAL
Dined once at a restaurateur with Vanderlyn, three franks
six sous. He caUs on me almost daily. What's next lo be
done, madame ?
April Q, 1810. Eight days more without a line. Pas
chaud takes up all ray lime. On Wednesday wrote a letter
to the King of Westphaha, desiring an audience. Left the
letter in person. Within two hours after a note from his
chamberlain, giving me rendezvous at five P. M. same 'day.
Went. Passed half an hour in private with him. Was re
ceived graciously-y-the Count de Furstenstein (Camus),
claimed my acquaintance. By order of his majesty, the
comte is lo aid me to translate ; for this purpose rendezvous
chez lui at nine next raorning. Thence lo Paschaud's lo
dine. They had wailed an hour for me.
In the morning of the same day caUed on the Duke d'Al
berg, who always receives me kindly. Told him that I
wanted access, &c. He gave me note of introduction lo le
Comte de S., which T tjansmitted forthwith, requesting an
interview. Have no reply from this comte. At an early
hour, same morning, called on Comte de Volney, by appoint
ment. Seems frightened.
Passed the evening of Wednesday with Paschaud till nine,
and then home to write. Wrote a short note to S. M., I'E.
et R. At nine next morning lo Furslenstein's, lo whom ex
plained my business, and left him my letter to translate.
At five P. M. called and got the translation. Thence to Pas
chaud, where copied and sealed it, and sent it under cover lo
the comte, to be delivered as he or the King of Westphalia
should see fit. Stayed with Paschaud till eleven.
Rose this morning at six. My barber comes at that hour,
and I have taken a barber for no olher purpose but to be
waked regularly. Eight sous per day. To Fonzi's al ten,
where was detained three hours. At two to La Mormon,
but was too late. Then in search of medals for Gamp., but
had no success.
Did I ever teU you that Lepine charged me three louis

OF AARON BURR. 441
for repairing your watch ? Worse still, he says, and refers
to his register, that he received for the watch oiily twenty-
six louis. To Paschaud's at four. To Roux's at five, e He
has nothing to communicate !
About a fortnight ago I called on Mrs. Robertson. Rcr
fused to go to Paschaud's this evening. The only one (save
one) since the 12th of March. Called on Madame Loige-
rol. Raw, chiUy weather, and I keep no fire.
TO HIS MAJESTY THE KING OP WESTPHALIA.
s Paris, March 17, 1810.
Sire,
I lake the liberty of asking an interview with your niajes-
ty, as well to offer personally my homage as lo make a
coramunication, of the value of which your majesty will de
termine in a few minutes' conversation. A. Burr.
TO THE DUKE d'oTRANTE. Paris, March 21, 1810.
Mr. Burr, from the United States of North America, hav
ing some months ago seen published in the Moniteur the
expression of his majesty's assent to the independence of
the Spanish American colonies, came to Paris lo offer his '
services to accomplish that object and others connected
therewith. He asked neither men nor money. He asked
only the authorization of his majesty.
Mr. Burr has had conversations with persons near the
governraent, and through whom he had presumed that the
communications would have passed to the emperor. Hav
ing received no answer, he proposes shortly to take his de
parture. But being persuaded that his communications have
not been understood, and doubting whether they have at all
been presented to his majesty, Mr. Burr should, with very
great regret, leave the country without having had a few
minutes' conversation with his excellency the Duke d'Otrante,
for whose talents he has long entertained the highest ven-
T 3

442 PRIVATE JOURNAL
eration, and by whom Mr. Burr is convinced that the value
of his views would be promptly and justly -appreciated.
He lakes the hberty of asking an audience at any hour
his excellency may be pleased lo name, and begs leave lo
offer assurances of his profound consideration and respect.
A. Burr.
TO HENRY GAHN.
Paris, March 26, 1810.
My last letter to you was from Gottenburg, in October.
I was about six weeks in Denmark and Holstein, and passed
about three months in different parts of Germany, very great
ly to my satisfaction. It is just two months since my arri
val in this city. When I may leave il is uncertain.
The situation of our country (the United States) afflicts
me greatly, and increases my desire to return. ' Write to me
in duplicate, one under cover to Scherer and Finguerlin, ban-
quiers at Paris, Rue Tailbout, No. 1. The olher to WiUiam
Graves, Esq., merchant. No. 18 WaUbrook, London.^ My
health continues without interruption; though, if I may
judge from the experience of only two months, this climate
can boast of no advantage over ours.
Transmit this letter to Mrs. Alston. It is said that Mrs.
B. has left America. Tell Dr. Hosack that I wish to hear
from him. A. Burr.
FROM J. BURR. Kheinfelden, March 7,* 18 10.
The note which I have taken the liberty to forward to
you, through the interposition of Mr. Rougernont, banker at
Paris, will have made you acquainted with the flatiering
hope I cherish of being your. cousin. Permit me to make
you a participant in the different assurances upon which my
hope is based.
My late father, in my infancy, often spake of his uncle,
the brother of his father, who had a long time previous left

OP AARON BURR. 443
his country, and without giving any tidings to his family.
About forty-five years since, my father being al Bonn, four
leagues from Cologne, met a Mr. Burr, a Protestant mer
chant of Heidenheim, three leagues from Boenmenkirch, the
place of my birlh, who, after having asked him if my father
had not a relative in HoUand, captain in the company of
Ostend, showed him a letter which alluded to the death of
this captain in Holland, My father, at the moment, not re-
caUing to his recollection his uncle Zacche, or, according to
an extract from the baptismal record, Zacharie, allowed the
favourable opportunity to escape of obtaining more satisfac
tory information from this merchant.
Since that time we have had different reports ; and ray fa
ther, recollecting having read in the letter shown him by this
merchant that this Caplain Burr had died possessed of con
siderable property, and perhaps a bachelor, endeavoured,
in the year 1792, to gather information on the subject.
For this purpose I applied to Mr, Owexer, at that time a
celebrated banker at Augsburgh, who had a brother at Am
sterdam, to whom he wrote.
To facilitate his inquiries on the subject, the banker was
desirous of procuring certain certificates which I was en
deavouring to obtain, when General Pichegru invaded Hol
land, which destroyed all hope of a relation with this coun
try. Since that period I have made no farther researches.
During the year 1804, the public prints, at one time in
PhUadelphia and at another in New-York, spoke of Colonel
.Burr, vice-president of the United States; and since that
time, feeling a lively interest in the matter, have carefully
collected all the information which the papers could fur
nish me.
Finally, I am anxious to learn whether your respectable
famUy is descended from the present one in Germany, of
which there are two branches, the one Catholic, the otjler
Protestant ; and, in either case, shoiUd be delighted to be
honoured with a communication from you.

444 PRIVATE JOURNAL
In case you should return through Slrasburgh, thirty
leagues from Rheinfelden, the place of my residence, if I
could be informed of the day of your arrival in that city, I
would be there, in order personally lo assure you of the re
spectful consideration with which I have the honour lo be,
J, Burr,
Canon of the Collegiate Chapter of Rheinfelden.
FROM JOHN COENRAD DE RON,
Frankfort, January 28, 1810.
Having had the honour of a visit of relation from you, I
think it properly my duty lo give you information of our re
lationship with the family of the Burr's in England.
Daniel Burr, Esq., at the old family-seat of Michaelslow
Hall, Ramsay, near Harwich, in Essex, died about the year
1760, and left three children,
1st. One daughter, Sophia Rebecca, my mother. She
died many years before her parents,
2d. His oldest son, Frederic, who died at Worms in the
year 1790. He hath had a daughter and three sons. His
daughter, with her mother of the Barton family, died before
him at Bath, in England,
a. His oldest son, Daniel, was caplain in the navy, and
unmarried. b. His youngest son, John Fitz Frederic, was proctor in
Doctors' Commons, married, but died without children.
c. His second son. Major Newton Barton (after his moth
er's family name), died in the East Indies. His lady was
cousin to the Duke of Grafton, secretary of state before the
Lord North. He resigned for not agreeing lo the war with
the Americans. He left two children, a daughter and a son,
Charles Barton, who was, in the year 1792, lieutenant in the
Company's service, on the Bombay establishment, and was
with General Abercrombie al the time of the glorious treaty
of peace entered into with Tippoo Sultan. Since that lime
I have heard nothing from him. ,

OP AARON BURR. 445
, Now, whether my grandfather, Daniel Burr, hath had a
brother or sister; as far as I can remember, I never heard of
it. He was a native of Amsterdam, as likewise my grand
mother. After the death of the knight Duval, at Michael-
stow Hall, whose heir he was, he went over lo England,
with his wife and three children, all born. in Amsterdam, in
the beginning of the last century past, and was afterward
naturahzed. If, therefore, any relation subsists between us,
it is to be derived from a kinsman of my grandfather, Dan
iel Burr, Esq., quite unknown to me. Notwithstanding, I
remain, with ray sincerest wishes for your health and pros
perity, John Coenrad de Ron.
P.S. My sister joineth her corapliments, and begs the
favour lo let her know the hour on a moming when il will
please you lo drink a chocolate by her.
I remeraber just now, from an English paper. Captain
Burr, in the time of war with the Americans, a valiant war
rior. Much of hira was related in ouruieg^'p^pi"'' ; Tiid-J
tiiougnt him to be my cpusinJDanieX^uPr-*lre-capiKnirrn
the navy, Therelofepby cautioii7l wrote to his mother,
my aunt; but her answer was, it were not him, her son
being in the East Indies. Very likely he was one of the
Burr's in America. JOURNAL.
Paris, April 19. Raining and chilling weather. This
climate is worse than ours. Al eleven lo S. P. B. to talk of
various projects At one lo Madame Paschaud's. Home at
three. Dressed, and at five walked lo M. Stone's to dine.
Met Miss Williams,* tres Coeleb. Madame Gretanius, of
South Carolina ; madame a Swede, and her beautiful daugh
ter, said to be thirteen, but might pass for eighteen. Easy
and elegant hospitality. Stayed tUl half past ten.
This day paid my monthly biUs to landlord and porter,
together eighty-six francs thirteen sous. Yesterday lo the
* Helen Maria Williams.

446 PRIVATE JOURNAL
imprim. De Stone, with the young German introduced to me
by Madame Langworlhy. Mr. Stone asked me to dine lo-
morrow. At half past two to Paschaud. Thence to le Music
des Antique. To the tombs and monuments for fourteen
hundred years past — Gabrielle of Henry IV. Home at half
past five. Tea for dinner.
20, Read an hour in Weiss, At eleven to the umbrella
mender. Nothing done. To Wigerot's, where found invita
tion to concert lo-morrow evening. Think I shall not go.
To Fonzi's ; to Madame P.'s at four, and went with her to
her sister's lo dine en famiUe. After dinner walked with her
along Boulevards to Port St. Denis, and returned ches elle
• at ten. Home fatigued. Made lea lo refresh, and now, at
half past eleven, bon soir.
21. At eleven to Wigerot's. M. had told that Gamp, had
related various things of her husband, though Gamp, never
saw, never heard, nor spoke of him. Declined invitation to
-ejmc^jet. thin — a^Kining  To Duke d'Alberg'g. He always
receives me vylxh gJvijitK. and gives ine the_bBst advice in his
power. To Madame Gretanius. Saw her and her beau
tiful daughter. To M'lle. Helen M. WiUiams. Out. To
the magaz. of Mr. Stone to see him. Not there. Home to
rest an hour. Al half past three lo Madame P.'s, where was
engaged lo dine at five. Home, expecting Bro., but he came
not. Took lea, contrary to custom and to reason. Had this
day a card from Captain Lawson, and a very civil invitation
from H. M.*WUhams lo dine with her on Tuesday, to
which agreed.
22. At eight to Vanderlyn's to breakfast. Off at ten.
Your picture goes on slowly. At twelve to see Lawson. To
Fonzi's to get my hat, -but had not left it there. To Duke
d'Alberg's to see for my hat. Not there ; so must be finally
lost, i. e., exchanged for a very bad one. To le Comte de
Furslenstein's. He nor his king not returned to town, nor
expected these ten days. Home al three. Got twenty
francs fourteen sous for a Fred, d'or, and twenty-six francs
ten sous for an English guinea.

OP AARON BDRR. 447
To the Theatre Francois lb hear Talma. Obliged to wait
forty minutes in the crowd, nearly squeezed lo death.
Heard the tragedy of Manlius. Did not wait to see the
afterpiece. For the characters, see the Gazette. M'Ue. is
very unjustly condemned. She had more of truth of nature
and of feeling, but less of that vehement action, whiph is the
taste of the day.
23. At nine came in Lawson and sat an hour. He will
take charge of all I can se'hd you. Eight louis in dictiona
ries I I am greatly tempted lo add Moreri and Bayle, 12
volumes folio, for four louis ! At eleven to the Prefecture
de Police, to demand a passport for the country. What
business have I in the country ? Why, hussy, there is the
emperor, and the King of Westphalia, &c. But they had
nothing to do with it, and said I must send a petition to the
Due of Otranle.
 T tTr-^ — _j.

 .ami^
m'lle. in the TuUeries, where left them. To a bookseller's
and bought the Code Napoleon, 5 volumes, and a book for
Gampy, in aU, thiileen francs. Home. Chabaud came in
and told me my troubles about the Compeigne expedition, and
he very kindly gave his advice and offered his aid, he being
personally acquainted with the duke. Had to-day an invi
tation from Madame Robertson to dine on Thursday, which
accepted. 24. Slept tiU half past seven. At ten to Madame Pas
chaud's, with whose aid wrote my petition (a letter) in
French to the Duke d'Otrjinle, and an Enghsh letter to
Chabaud. Took them myself to Chabaud's, who, being out,
left them. Lounged two hours at P.'s, and then we walked
by TuUeries and Boulevards to Madame Pelough's. In
vitation to the marriage of Madame Pelough's daughter, on
Thursday, to dine. Malheurusement, engaged lo Madarae *
Robertson, but will, go and see the ceremonies. Home,
At five to M'lle, Helen M. WUliams's to dine. Met there le
Baron de Humboldt, Mons. Haase, a French gentleman not

,448 PRIVATE JOURNAL
named. Others came in after dinner. A very pleasant day.
Mr. H. and M'lle. Williams engaged rae to go to their coun
try seat al Montmorency on Sunday.
25. To breakfast, and lounged an hour. To P.'s al eleven
till one, and to Bib. to see Haase, who promised to aid me
about medals. What running I have had about that little
rascal's medals. Haase conducted me, through the depart
ments of Gray, and of manuscripts. Showed. me the most
ancient Greek and Latin, which are of the fourth century.
The original love-letters of Henry the IVth. to various of his
mistresses. Patents, &c,, by Charlemagne, &c. No medals
can be had there but antiques, and those in soufre ; loo fra
gile and loo dull of appearance lo suit Gampy, I got, how
ever, an address to one from whom, it is said, something in
his way may be had. But my reputation is gone. Every
where announced as a medal-hunter, I shift it all on you.
Home for half an hour, and then to the bath. Thence to
Pelough's to meet Pas. They were all so busy preparing
and signing contracts, &c., for the marriage, which is to take
place to-morrow, that I stole off, for which I shall have a
quarrel with P. Home at eight,
26. Rose at seven, but very sleepy and healed, as if I had
drank two bottles of wine, though I had drank nothing but
water. At ten came in the assistant of Madame Paschaud
to see about packing up your books, I was astonished lo
see the mass when put together, Al least four cubic feet.
But, alas ! the greater part worthless stuff, which has been
imposed on me in difierent places. Have resolved, al length,
to transport the whole to Paschaud's, and there have the in
ventory and the packing.
At eleven lo Paschaud's ; there learned that Mr. le Chev.
Chabaud had not made any application for Compeigne, learn
ing the arrival of his majesty of Westphalia. Posted off to
see the Comte de Furstenstein. Out. To the King of
Westphalia. Out. But there was the Count de F,, who

OF AARON BURR. 449
gave me rendezvous for nine to-morrow raorning. The king
leaves town this day I Back to P.'s, and thence with the
Chev. and Madame P. in his carriage lo the house of Ma
dame Pelough, mere de M'lle. Thelusson. To the mayor's
office, where the civU marriage was performed. ' Very sim
ple. Thence to the pastor of the Protestant church, a raan
of very prepossessing appearance and manners. The re
ligious ceremony was performed in a most impressive man
ner. M'Ue. is a Protestant. Thence left the parlies and
went home. Was asked lo the wedding dinner, but was en
gaged to Madame Robertson. To Mrs. Robertson's at half
past five. Met there Mrs. Tone, widow of the Irish general,
an interesting woman, and several others. The family of
Evans detained by an accident to the father ; a fall and
broken knee. A very pleasant parly. Madame Robertson
engaged me to dine on Monday. Off and to Pelough's,
where found the whole party, about twenty-five, still at
the dinner-table. Very gay. Songs, music, and afterward
dancing. Off at half past twelve ; and now, al one, you ought
to be much obhged to me for writing, seeing I must be up
at six o'clock.
27. Rose at half past six, quite refreshed. At nine to le
Comte de Furstenstein, He was with the king, and not
visible. Asked at the king's for the chamberlain du jour.
Not yet visible. Home, On the way, called at Mesuitzie's,
Not visible, and could make no rendezvous to-day, Al ten
to P,'s, and thence to Comte de F. He was still with his
majesty. Went there, A crowd of grandees ; was never
theless received by le Comte de F., who told me that he had
delivered my letter lo the emperor and king. That all hands
were going to Anvers, and no reply could be expected till
their return, about the fifteenth of May, VoUa, twenty days
more of spider life. Thence to Wigerot's, A tale of dis
tress. Horae at one. To Pelough's at two lo see the new
pair. All very weU. Asked lo dine, but ara engaged to
Swediaur. At four to dine. Off at half past eight, and to

450 PRIVATE JOURNAL
the Theatre des Varietes, to meet the family Peloughs, &c.,
but the theatre being full, no place. Came home.
Visit to-day from that amiable man, le Chev. Chabaud
Latour. M. Arnold, le commis., carried all my (your) books
lo Paschaud's. Shall move lo-morrow.
28. Ran about on trifling errands several hours. At seven
to Pelough's. Home. Took vpiture, and transported my
baggage, and took my quarters.
29. Pleased with my new quarters. Dinner chez nous-
y-uncle of Adelle. TO COUNT DE FURSTENSTEIN, Paris, AprU 27, 1810.
Agreeably to the appointment of his excellency the Comte
de Furstenstein, Mr. Burr had the honour of caUing^on him
at nine this raorning ; but, not having had that of seeing him,
takes this method of requesting to be informed whether the
letter for his majesty the emperor, with which his excellen
cy was pleased lo charge hiraself, has been delivered, and
whether any reply has been given, or notice taken of it, or
whether any may be expected.
He takes the liberty of requesting that the Count de Fur
stenstein would have the goodness to return the English
draught of the letter which he had the courtesy to transmit.
Mr. Burr apologizes for this intrusion on his excellency's
time, and offers assurances of his respectful consideration,
TO MADAME ROBERTSON, Paris, April 27, 1810.
Ma belle amie : In a most serious and distressing di
lemma, I must ask your pardon and your aid.
About a week ago I engaged with a party to visit Mont
morency, lo pass some days with a friend there. Wtien
you proposed to me the dinner and amuseraenls for Satur
day, I thought of nothing but the pleasure of meeting you
again. How was it possible, in your presence, to think of

OF AARON BURR. 451
anything else ? Yes, perhaps I thought a httle of your
lovely friend. Allow me lo ask you to make my peace with
her, for I should dread a reproach frora those eyes.
I ara exceedingly mortified at this shameful piece of
thoughtlessness, and shall not feel al ease till I have the
assurance of your forgiveness, which I shall hasten to ask
in person the moment of my return : that may be on Satur
day evening or Sunday morning ; but, pray, do not receive
me with one of your grave faces. Certainly ray head must
have been a little deranged at that moment. Not the only
head, however, by many, that you have turned.
A. Burr.

END OF VOLUME I.

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