Yale University Library 39002005429619 YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation with Yale University Library, 2008. You may not reproduce this digitized copy ofthe book for any purpose other than for scholarship, research, educational, or, in limited quantity, personal use. You may not distribute or provide access to this digitized copy (or modified or partial versions of it) for commercial purposes. RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS NEW ENGLAND. PRINTED BY ORDER OE THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. EDITED BY JOHN RUSSELL BARTLETT, SECRETARY OF STATE. VOL. VII. 1770 to 1776. PROVIDENCE: A. CRAWFORD GREENE, STATE PRINTER. 1862. AMS PRESS NEW YORK First AMS EDITION published 1968 Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 68-56849 Cl3l 7 AMS PRESS, INC. New York, N.V. 10003 PREFACE. The present volume includes but seven years of the Colonial Eecords. It begins with the year 1770 and ends with the ses sion of September, 1776. So voluminous are the proceedings of the General Assembly of the latter year (that of the Declara tion of Independence), that it was found impossible to include them all in this volume, without increasing its size much beyond that of the previous volumes. The events which took place in the colony immediately pre ceding the Declaration of Independence, are of deep interest, and are given at length in the volume, accompanied by the letters and documents connected therewith. The most impor tant of these, is the destruction of His Britannic Majesty's schooner Gaspee, Lieutenant Dudingston, in Narragansett Bay, on the night ofthe 9th of June, 1772. The history of this in teresting event, accompanied by the correspondence which grew out of it, the action of the General Assembly thereon, and the official journal of the proceedings of the commission of in quiry, appointed by King George the Third, upon the same, are given at length. The documentary portion of this history, is more complete than any before published. For several of these, the Secretary is indebted to the kindness of the Hon; IV. PREFACE. George Bancroft, who furnished him copies from those in his possession, which are transcripts from the originals in Her Majesty's State Paper office, in London. These copies, to gether with the original documents referred to, are bound to gether among the public archives in the Secretary of State's office, Providence. J. R. B. Providence, January, 1862. RHODE ISLAND RECORDS. RHODE ISLAND RECORDS. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at South Kings town, on the last Monday in February, 1770. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. ASSISTANTS. Mr. Peleg Thurston, Mr. Job Bennett, Mr. Solomon Drown, Mr. David Harris, Mr. Weston Hix, Mr. Thomas Wickes, Mr. Jonathan Randall, Mr. John Congdon, Mr. Joseph Hazard, Mr. William Richmond, Jr. DEPUTIES. Newport. Mr. Nicholas Easton, Mr. John Wanton, Mr. George Hazard, Capt. Samuel Carr, Capt. William Read, Mr. Thomas Freebody. Providence. Mr. Daniel Jenckes, Mr. Moses Brown, Mr. Benoni Pearce, Mr. Job Smith. RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1770. DEPUTIES. Portsmouth. Glocester. Mr. Metcalfe Bowler, Mr. Thomas Owen, Mr, Benjamin Hall, Maj . Rufus Smith. Mr. Jeremiah Lawton, Charlestown. Mr. John Almy. Mr. Gideon Hoxie, Warwick. Mr. Job Taylor. Mr. Philip Greene, West Greenwich- Col. James Arnold, Mr. Benjamin Tillinghast, Mr. Stephen Arnold, Mr. Isaac Johnston. Mr. Thomas Rice. Coventry. Westerly. Mr. Stephen Potter, Capt. Edward Saunders, Mr. John Rice. Mr. Joseph Clarke, Jr. Exeter. New Shoreham. Mr. Daniel Barber, Mr. Paul Niles. Mr. Daniel Sunderlin. North Kingstown. Middletown. Mr. Ezekiel Gardner, Mr. John Barker, Mr. John Northup. Mr. Thomas Coggeshall, South Kingstown. Bristol. Mr. William Potter, Col , Simeon Potter, Mr. Stephen Hazard. Mr. William Bradford. East Greenvnch. Tiverton. Maj. Preserved Pierce, Mr. Samuel Durfee, Mr. William Pierce. Mr. William Cooke. Jamestown. Little Compton. Mr. Oliver Haszard, Mr. Thomas Church, Capt. William Haszard. Mr. Nathaniel Searle, Jr. Smithfield. Warren. Mr. Caleb Aldrich, Mr. Cromel Child, Mr. Daniel Mowrey, Jr. Maj . Samuel Allen. Scituate. Cumberland. Mr. Job Randall, Mr. Jeremiah Whipple, Mr. Benjamin Slack. Mr. David Brown, 1770.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. DEPUTIES. Richmond. Johnston. Mr. Edward Perry, Mr. Henry Harris, Mr. Joshua Clarke. Mr. Abraham Belknap. Cranston. North Providence. Mr. Gideon Comstock, Mr. Thomas Olney, Capt. Richard Searle. Mr. Job Olney. Hopkinton. Mr. Thomas Wells, Jr., Mr. Abel Tanner. The Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, speaker; Mr. Wm. Ellery, clerk. Mr. Henry Ward, secretary. Mr. Oliver Arnold, attorney general. Mr. Joseph Clarke, general treasurer. James Helme, Esq., chief justice of the superior court of judicature, court of assize and general jail delivery. SHERIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Mr. Walter Chaloner. Providence county — Mr. Paul Tew. Kings county — Mr. Beriah Brown. Bris tol county — Mr. Richard Smith. Kent county — Mr. Henry Rice. FIELD OFFICERS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Benjamin Sherburne, Esq., colonel; Wm. Cooke, Esq., of Portsmouth, lieutenant colonel; Isaac Dayton, Esq., major. Providence county — Knight Dexter, Esq., colonel ; Abra ham Winsor, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; Chad Brown, Esq., major. Kings county — John Crandall, Esq., colonel ; Moses Bar ber, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; Sylvester Gardner, Esq., major. 6 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1770. Bristol county— Simeon Potter, Esq., colonel; Samuel Allen, 2d, lieutenant colonel ; John Waldron, Esq., major. Kent county — John Waterman, Esq., colonel ; James Ar nold, son of Elisha, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; William Matte- son, Esq., major. Whereas, Messrs. John Jenckes, Moses Brown, John Brown, David Harris, William Smith, John Updike, Knight Dexter, Ebenezer Thompson, Joseph Lawrence, Zephaniah Andrews, Elijah Bacon, Noah Mason, John Smith, Jonathan Ellis, Jonathan Hamman, Thomas Greene and James Lovett, in behalf of themselves and their associates, preferred a peti tion, and represented, unto this Assembly, that from a regard to the instruction of youth, in the most necessary parts of learning, they, with the town of Providence, have caused to be built within the said town, a commodious brick school house, two stories high ; the upper part of which, containing two rooms, belongs to them and their associates ; that, for the better car rying their design in building the said rooms into execution, they have formed themselves into a society, known by the name of the Proprietors in the Town School House ; and thereupon, for the well ordering and governing the said school, in the upper part of said house, and for the better establishing the rules and orders already made ; and also all future regu lations respecting the same, they pray this Assembly to grant and extend to the said society, their heirs and assigns, a full and ample power, at all times hereafter, to order, ordain and enact all such rules and regulations, as may from time to time, appear to them necessary for the well ordering all prudential af fairs of the said society; and that all rules, acts, orders and reg ulations so made, as may (not repugnant or disagreeable to the laws of this colony, or the acts and orders of the said town of Providence), be, to all intents and purposes, valid and binding upon the said society, and each individual thereof; on consider ation whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au- 1770.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 7 thority thereof it is enacted, that the prayer of the petitioners, in the foregoing petition contained, be, and the same is hereby, granted. At the special request of the inhabitants of the town of Providence, made by their representatives, — It is voted and resolved, that the inhabitants of the said town of Providence, be, and they are hereby, permitted and authorized to sell all kinds of spirituous liquors, in any quanti ties not less than one quart ; provided, that the same be not drank in the house of the retailer ; any law of this colony to the contrary, in any wise, notwithstanding. It is voted and resolved, that the petition preferred to this Assembly, praying that all that part of the town of Provi dence, lying westward of Weybosset Bridge, and the harbor or bay, may be set off and incorporated into a new township, be referred to the next session ; and that, in the mean time, the town of Providence be cited to appear and show cause (if any they have), why the same should not be granted. Whereas, Mr. John Greene and others, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that Nathaniel Gr«ene and Company, John Greene and Company, Griffin Greene and Chris topher Greene, have been at a very great expense in erecting and building dams, forges, anchor works and saw mills upon the south branch of Pawtuxet river, in nroviding a very considerable stock, and employing a great number of hands, to prosecute the business ; the emolument arising from which, is the principal support of themselves and their dependants, amounting to up wards of one hundred in number ; that there is a law of fhis colony, directing that suitable fish-ways be made and kept open on the said south branch of said river, from the 21st of April to the 1st of June, annually ; that if the said law be carried into execution, it will render it almost impossible for them to pursue their business ; that the number of fish coming up to those dams, is so small and contemptible, that the bene fit arising from them, is by no means to be compared with the great advantages derived to the public from their works ; and 8 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1770. thereupon, they prayed this Assembly, that the dams above enumerated, standing on the said south branch of Pawtuxet river, may be established by act of government, and totally ex empted from preparing and providing fish-ways, in the same manner as the dams on the north branch of the same river are now established, and exempted from preparing and providing fish- ways ; on consideration whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the prayer of the petition ers, in the foregoing petition contained, be, and the same is hereby, granted. Whereas, Moses Brown, presented the following memorial unto this Assembly, to wit : Memorial of Moses Brown, relative to the Northern Boundary Line of Rhode Island. To the Honorable the General Assembly : Gentlemen : — Agreeably to the vote of this Assembly, at their last session, I re ceived and have taken copies of the plats and papers respecting the northern boun dary line of this colony ; by which papers, it appears that the colony had made ap plication in conjunction with the colony of Connecticut, to Mr. Partridge, then agent for both colonies, to pursue the settlement of the said line ; and it appears that this coloDy, in the month of April, 1753, formed a petition to His Majesty, upon this subject ; whether it was forwarded or not, or what further was done, does not ap pear by the papers I have yet been able to collect ; but am informed by one of the commissioners, who conferred with the commissioners of the colony of Connecticut, upon this matter, in April, 1752, that the two colonies agreed to prosecute the case jointly ; and as this government had expended a considerable sum in running the line,p rocuring evidence, and fitting the case to go home, Connecticut was to pur sue it at home until they had laid out the same sum that we had ; after which, the ex pense for any more, should be necessary, was to be paid by both governments equally. This being the case, and it appearing clear to me, that the colony had a just right to a strip of four miles and fifty-six rods ; the width of the colony being about twenty-two miles, I propose and desire this Assembly to appoint some proper per son or persons to make application to the Governor or secretary of the colony of Connecticut, and procure information how the case was left ; and if they are unable to inform us, to write to the agent of this colony, who, about the time this matter was in agitation in England, lived with Mr. Partridge, and without doubt, hath the papers respecting this matter, that belong to the colony, and request him to exam ine the papers, and inform us of the circumstances this affair was under at the 1770.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 9 commencement of the late war ; which I suppose was the occasion of its not being determined. As Joseph Harrison, Esq., one of this colony's committee to run the line ; and Col. Lyman, who was one of Connecticut's committee, are both in London, and are acquainted with all the circumstances of this case, I apprehend a more favorable opportunity for the colony to get information in this matter, could not happen. I am obliged to the General Assembly for their confidence in depositing the pa pers in my hands, aud herewith return them. I am, gentlemen, &c, &c, MOSES BROWN. On consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the said memorial be ac cepted ; that Moses Brown, be, and he is hereby, appointed to make the inquiry therein mentioned ; and when he shall have obtained the best information he can procure, that he make re port thereon, to the General Assembly. Whereas, Esther Sachem (calling herself queen of the tribe of Indians in this colony), Thomas Sachem, her husband, and Henry Harry, with others, as her council, who preferred a pe tition unto this Assembly, praying that she, with her husband and council, and James Helme, Joseph Haszard and Sylvester Robinson, Esqs., (who were a committee appointed by this As sembly, to dispose of the estate of Thomas Ninegret, deceased, late sachem of said tribe, for the payment of his debts,) may make a deed or deeds of the estate of the said Thomas Niner gret, for the payment of his just debts in the same manner as the said Thomas Ninegret, in his life time, with his council, and the said committee, by act of Assembly, might have done ; and whereas, Samuel Niles and others (calling themselves a council, appointed by said tribe, for transacting their public affairs), did appear before this Assembly, and for the settle ment of the disputes and differences subsisting in said tribe, did mutually agree that the Hon. Joseph Wanton, Esq., the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq. and Joseph Haszard, Esq., or any two of them (by their consent, and by order of this Assembly), should be empowered to inquire into the subject matter of their disputes, and in particular to ascertain and to set off all the lands which shall, upon inquiry and examination, appear to them to have been the lands or estates of tho said VOL. VII. 2 10 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1770. Thomas Ninegret, deceased, for the payment and satisfaction of the debts due to his creditors and to his heirs, after such debts as are paid and satisfied ; that the expense of such inquiry and examination be equally paid by the said two parties ; and that that tbe said report be made to this Assembly at the next ses sion ; and the premises being duly considered, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the above recited agreement be, and hereby is, approved ; and that the said Joseph Wan ton, Stephen Hopkins and Joseph Haszard, or any two of them, be empowered to do, and transact every thing submitted to them, by said agreement. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the above named James Helme, Joseph Haszard and Sylvester Robinson, or any two of them, be empowered to take into their care and possession, all such lands as shall be set off as the es tate of the said Thomas Ninegret, deceased, and the same to improve, in such manner as they shall think most for the inter est of his heirs and creditors, until so much of them shall be disposed of, as will be sufficient to satisfy and pay his just debts. God save the King. The Earl of Hillsborough to the Governor and Company of Rhode Island. No. 20.] Whitehall, February 17, 1770. Gentlemen : — As it is necessary that the King should be duly informed of all acts and proceedings of government in all His Majesty's colonies in America, I am com manded to desire you will punctually transmit to me, to be laid before His Majesty as well the journals and proceedings of every meeting of the General Assembly of the colony of Rhode Island, as copies of the laws enacted by such Assembly ; and I am to acquaint you, that those which have been already sent, are not continued down lower than the seventh year of His Majesty's reign. I am, gentlemen, &c, &c, HILLSBOROUGH, To the Goverpor apd Company of Rhode Island, 1770.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 11 Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony qf Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Newport, the first Wednesday of May, 1770. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. The following officers, declared elected, were duly engaged : The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. ASSISTANTS. Mr. Nicholas Easton, Mr. Samuel Dyre, Mr. Solomon Drown, Mr. David Harris, Mr. Weston Hix, Mr. Thomas Wickes, Mr. Jonathan Randall, Mr. John Congdon, Mr. Joseph Haszard, Mr. William Richmond. Newport. Mr. Thomas Cranston, Mr. John Wanton, Mr. George Hazard, Capt. Samuel Carr, Capt. William Read, Mr. Thomas Freebody. Providence. Mr. Daniel Jenckes, Mr. Moses Brown, Mr. Benjamin Man, Mr. Stephen Hopkins. DEPUTIES. Portsmouth. Mr. Metcalfe Bowler, Mr. Thomas Brownell, Mr. Jonathan Freeborn, Mr. John Almy. Warwick. Mr. Philip Greene, Mr. Benjamin Greene, Mr. Stephen Arnold, Mr. Paul Greene. 12 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1770. Westerly. Mr. James Rhodes, Mr. Oliver Babcock. Neiv Shoreham. Mr. Paul Niles. North Kingstown. Mr. Ezekiel Gardner, Mr. John Northup. South Kingstown. Mr. Rowland Robinson, Mr. Samuel Rodman. East Greenvnch. Maj. Preserved Pierce, Mr. William Pierce. Jamestown. Mr. John Eldred, Capt. William Haszard. Smithfield. Mr. Caleb Aldrich, Mr. Daniel Mowrey, Jr Scituate. Mr. William West, Mr. Job Randall. Glocester. Maj. Rufus Smith, Mr. Moses Cooper. Charlestown. Mr. Gideon Hoxie, Capt. Joseph Stanton. West Greenwich- Mr. William Nichols, Mr. Thomas Rogers. Coventry. Mr. Stephen Potter, Mr. Nathaniel Greene. DEPUTIES. Exeter. Mr. Daniel Barber, Mr. George Pearce. Middletown. Mr. Thomas Coggeshall, Mr. Thomas Peckham. Bristol. Mr. Christopher Ellery, Mr. William Pearce. Tiverton. Mr. Samuel Durfee, Mr. William Cooke. Little Compton. Mr. Thomas Church, Mr. Nathaniel Searle, Jr. Warren. Mr. Ebenezer Cole, Maj. Samuel Allen. Cumberland. Mr. Jeremiah Whipple, Mr. John Dexter. Richmond. Mr. Robert Stanton. Cranston. Mr. Caleb Potter, Capt. Matthew Manchester. Hopkinton. Mr. Thomas Wells, Jr., Capt. Abel Tanner. Johnston. Col. John Waterman, Mr. John Beverly. North Providence. Mr. Elisha Brown, Capt. Joseph Olney. 1870.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 13 The Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, speaker ; Mr. Josias Lyndon, clerk. Mr. Henry Ward, secretary. Mr. Oliver Arnold, attorney general. Mr. Joseph Clarke, general treasurer. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., chief justice of the superior court of judicature, court of assize and general jail delivery. SHERIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Mr. Walter Chaloner. Providence county — Mr. Paul Tew. Kings county — Mr. Beriah Brown. Bris tol county — Mr. Simeon Munro. Kent county — Mr. Henry Rice. FIELD OFFICERS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Daniel Dunham, Esq., colonel; Joseph Belcher, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; John Forrester,, Esq., major. Providence county — Knight Dexter, Esq., colonel ; Abra ham Winsor, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; Chad Brown, Esq., major. Kings county — 'John Crandall, Esq., colonel ; Moses Bar ber, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; Sylvester Gardner, Esq., major. Bristol county — Simeon Potter, Esq., colonel ; Nathaniel Martin, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; Thomas Gray, Esq., major. Kent county — John Waterman, Esq., colonel ; Isaac Greene, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; Benjamin Vaughan, Esq., major. It is voted and resolved, that the petition for dividing the town of Warren into two towns, be, and the same is hereby, referred to the next session ; and that the inhabitants of the said town be served with a copy of the said petition, and cited to appear then (if they shall think fit), to answer the same. [No business of a public nature, except the election, was done at this session.] God save the King. 14 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1770. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Newport, on the second Monday in June, 1770. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Moses Brown, be, and he is hereby, requested to import from England, for the use of this colony, seven boxes of Bristol or Newcastle crown sash glass, to wit : Three boxes, of twelve by sixteen ; three, of eleven by fif teen ; and one, of twelve by seventeen ; to contain seven hun dred feet in the whole : that the same be shipped as soon as conveniently may be, after the duty upon glass ceases, and the other governments generally import that article ; and that the general treasurer pay for the same, according to the common advance upon such goods. It is voted and resolved, that all such sum and sums of money, as remain unpaid of the rates assessed by this colony, be paid into the general treasury within forty days, from and after the rising of this Assembly ; that the general treasurer be, and he is hereby, directed to issue an execution for princi pal and interest, against every collector of rates who shall be delinquent, returnable in ten days after the expiration of the said forty days; excepting the collector of rates for the town of South Kingstown ; against whom, no execution shall be issued until after the next session of this Asssembly. Whereas, Esther Sachem, and Thomas Sachem, preferred the following petition unto this Assembly, to wit : 1770.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 15 Petition of Esther Sachem, and her husband, to the General As sembly, relative to Thomas Ninegret, late Sachem of the Nar ragansett tribe of Indians. To the Honorable General Assembly, to be holden at Newport, in the county of Newport, on the second Monday of June, A. D. 1770 : Humbly show, Esther Sachem, of Charlestown, in Kings county, who is heir at law to Thomas Ninegret, sachem of the Narragansett tribe of Indians, together with her husband, Thomas Sachem, that the General Assembly did take the affairs of her deceased brother into their care, long before his death, and appointed a committee to take an account of his debts, and dispose of so much of his lands, as would dis charge the debts against him ; who proceeded so far as to take an account of his debts, and to dispose of a small part of his lands ; when the General Assembly inter posed, and appointed a new committtee, to set off what did belong to the sachem, that should be sold to discharge the debts against the estate ; which said committee have done nothing ; that, as the affair hath been several years in this situation, the creditors to said estate are uneasy, and the principal part of said estate is under a heavy mortgage, and uuless the General Assembly orders something to be immedii ately done, all the creditors will sue at the August court ; and that the mortgage is now in suit, and hath been continued two terms, and must be yielded up at the rising ofthe August court, unless the affair can be settled before; besides, the debts are upon interest, and increase fast, which, with the charges of two law suits, will swal low up the whole estate, if speedy remedy be not taken. Therefore, they humbly pray the General Assembly to take their distressed cir-, cumstances into consideration, and order the last appointed committee to proceed immediately, and set off what lands shall be sold ; and upon their setting off said land, that the former committee immediately proceed to dispose of the lands, and pay the demands against the estate, so far as the General Assembly have ordered them to be paid. And they, as in duty bound, will ever pray. ESTHER SACHEM, her y, mark, July 11, 1770. THOMAS SACHEM, his y mark. On consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the foregoing petition be, and hereby is, granted. An Act for incorporating the west part of the town of Warren, into a township, to be distinguished and known by the name of Barrington. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au^ thority thereof, it is enacted, that the town of Warren be, and the same is hereby, divided into two distinct and separate towns ; that the bounds between them, be as the river between 16 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1770. Bristol and Rumstick extends itself northerly to Miles's Bridge ; that all the lands on the westerly side of the said river, be, and they are hereby, erected and made into a township, to be dis tinguished, called and known by the name of Barrington ; and that the inhabitants thereof shall choose two deputies to repre sent them in the General Assembly ; and shall have, hold and enjoy all and singular the liberties, privileges and immunities which the other towns in this colony have, enjoy and are en titled to. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that all debts due, and money belonging to the town cf Warren, be fore the division thereof, by this act made, shall be divided ac cording to the last tax ; that all debts due from the said town, before the division, shall be settled and made in the same man ner ; and that the poor of the said town be divided between the said two towns in proportion to their taxes and debts. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that all and every of the -justices of the peace, and military officers, wTho were chosen and appointed for the town of Warren, and live in that part thereof which is now made Barrington, be, and they are hereby, continued in their respective offices, with as full power and ample authority, in every particular, as they had in consequence of their being chosen into, and commis- sionated for, the offices by them respectively sustained ; and that James Brown, Esq., be, and he is hereby, authorized and fully empowered, to issue a warrant and call the freemen of the town of Barrington, to meet together at such time and place, within said town, as he shall think fit, on or before the 8th day of July next, in order to choose and appoint all officers necessary for managing and conducting the prudential affairs of said town, agreeably to the laws of this colony. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the said town of Barrington shall send three grand and two petit jurors to each of the superior and inferior courts, which shall be holden in the county of Bristol ; and that the town of Warren shall send three grand and four petit jurors to each of the said courts. 1'70.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS, 17 And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that Nathaniel Fales, Thomas Throop and Daniel Bradford, Esqs., all of Bristol, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to settle and proportion the debts and poor of said town, agree ably to the last tax of said town. God save the King. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at East Green wich, on the second Monday in September, 1770. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. Whereas, the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq. and Joseph Has zard, Esq., presented unto this Assembly, the following report, to wit : Report of the Committee appointed by the General Assembly, re lative to the affairs ofthe Narragansett tribe of Indians. We, the subscribers, being appointed a committee, by the General Assembly, to n quire into some disputes subsisting among the Narragansett tribe of Indians, and to endeavor to settle the same, do report : That we repaired into the Indian country, convened all the principal Indians there before us, and prevailed with them all to agree, that as much of their land may be sold as will pay the late Sachem Thomas's debts ; provided, that no land be sold for that purpose, but such as the tribe shall appoint ; and that the General Assembly pass an act, that no more of the Indian lands may be sold afterwards, upon any pre tence, whatsoever. The Indians requested that the committee, appointed to adjust the Sachem Thomas's debts, may be empowered to examine for what the debts became due, not withstanding they may now be reduced to mortgages, bonds, notes, &c, suggesting great impositions therein. The Indians further requested, that the General Assembly would appoint two of them to be justices of the peace, for punishing drunkenness, breach of the peace, and other offences amongst themselves. Then the Indians pointed out the following parcels of land to be sold : VOL. VII. 3 18 RECORDS OF TSE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1770, 1. The large house, the late Sachem Thomas lived in, with twenty-six acres of land adjacent to it. 2. The house the late Sachem George dwelt in( with about sixty acres of and about it. 3. A tract of land, heretofore sold at vendue, to Isaac Nye, but not yet mea sured, nor any deed given. 4. A small piece of land, in possession of James Perry. 5. A small piece of land, in possession of Joseph Hoxsie. 6. Nine acres and an half of land lying by a place called Welshare. And lastly, as much of the Cedar Swamp, as will complete the payment of Thomas's debts. Finally, the Indians did agree and promise to provide as good a support for the remaining branches of the royal family, as the small remains of their public lands, and the loyal affections of a poor people can admit. All which agreements and requisitions we promised the Indians to recommend to the General Assembly, as fit to be confirmed and granted. And we do accordingly recommend them as worthy the notice and approbation of the General Assembly, and presume to subscribe ourselves, Their faithful servants, STEPHEN HOPKINS, East Greenwich, Sept. 10, 1770. JOSEPH HASZARD. And the said report being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, accepted and approved ; excepting that part thereof, recom mending it to the General Assembly to appoint Indian justices of the peace, which is disapproved by this Assembly. It is further voted and resolved, that the several pieces and parcels of land and estates, mentioned in the said report, be sold for paying the late Sachem Thomas's debts ; and that no other of the Indian lands be thereafter sold on any pretence, whatever. It is further voted and resolved, that the committee appoint ed to adjust the said Sachem Thomas's debts, and to sell the lands for payment thereof, be, and they are hereby, empow ered to examine how the debts became due, notwithstanding they may now be reduced to mortgages, bonds, notes or judg ments of court which have been obtained by default ; that no mere of said debts be paid, than shall appear to be justly due ; and that the said committee be, and they are hereby, empow ered to defend against all actions that have been, or shall be, brought against the late Sachem Thomas's estate ; and that all 1770.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 19 expenses and costs, attending the defending in any action, brought, or that may be brought against the said estate, shall be defrayed out of the said estate. And it is further voted and resolved, that the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., be, and he is hereby, added to the committee appointed to adjust the debts of the said Thomas, to examine how they became due, and to sell and dispose of the lands for the payment thereof. Whereas, the deputies of the town of Newport, by order and in behalf of said town, represented unto this Assembly, that Job Bennett, Esq. and Mr. John Wanton, son of Gideon, pre sented a remonstrance to said town, in town meeting assem bled, praying the town to pay them the money due to them, for carrying on the building of the market house and granary in said town, so far as the same is done ; and thereupon, the said deputies prayed this Assembly to appoint Joseph Wan ton, Jr., Esq., Mr. Samuel Lyndon, Jr., Joseph Wanton, Esq., son of Gideon; Mr. Thomas Freebody, Daniel Dun ham, Esq. and Charles Spooner, Esq., directors, to carry on a lottery or lotteries, to finish said building ; and also, to pay the said Job Bennett and John Wanton, the money due to them, out of the first money that shall be raised by said lottery or lotteries ; on consideration, whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the said Joseph Wanton, Jr., Samuel Lyndon, Jr., Joseph Wanton, son of Gideon ; Thomas Freebody, Daniel Dunham and Charles Spooner, be, and they are hereby, appointed directors of the said market house and granary lotteries, to be carried on for raising money to pay the late committee appointed to build the said market house and granary, and for finishing and completing the same ; and that the same be done without any expense to the colony, God save the King. 20 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1770. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,, at Providence, on the last Monday in October, 1770. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. An Act to incorporate certain persons by the name of the Be nevolent Congregational Society, in the town of Providence, in this colony. Whereas, divers persons have petitioned this Assembly, for an act of incorporation, whereby they may be enabled to pro mote certain purposes set forth in their petition, and hereinaf ter mentioned ; — Therefore, be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the authority thereof, it is enacted, that Darius Sessions, Ephraim Bowen, Sam'l Nightingale, Benj. Bowen, Jabez Bow en, Jacob Wightman, Jona. Badger, John Foster, Jr., Charles Keen, Nathaniel Greene, Eleazer Harding, Benjamin West, Amos Throope, Nathaniel Frothingham, Samuel Nightingale, Jr., Stephen Dexter, William Dexter, Elihu Robinson, Joseph Manning, Levi Hall, Nathaniel Metcalf, James Greene, Eze kiel Burr, Joshua Hacker, Nehemiah Sweet, Paul Allen, John Carpenter, Jonathan Arnold, Amos Atwell, Jonathan Russell, Jonathan Ellis, Alexander Sampson, Joseph Nightingale, William Bowen, Henry Stirling and Timothy Gladding, to gether with such others, as they shall elect from time to time, shall be, forever hereafter, a body corporate and politic, in fact and name, by the name of the Benevolent Congregational So ciety, in the town of Providence, in the colony of Rhode Is land and Providence Plantations, in New England, for the pur pose of raising a fund, by free and voluntary subscriptions, contributions, legacies and donations, for the support of public 1770.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 21 worship in the Congregational Society, in the town of Provi dence, aforesaid, of which the Reverend David Shearman Row land, is at present minister. [Here follows the act of incorporation.] Whereas, Jeremiah Whipple and John Dexter, Esqs., depu ties for the town of Cumberland, preferred a petition, and rep resented unto this Assembly, that the great bridge built over Pawtucket river, between the towns of Smithfield and Cum berland, called Whipple's Bridge, is so out of repair, that it is almost impassable, and if not soon repaired, will be entirely useless ; and thereupon pray, that a lottery may be granted,, to raise the sum of $400, in one or more classes, as the direc tors shall think best, to be applied for repairing said great bridge ; and that Jeremiah Whipple, Esq., Capt. Benjamin Tower, Mr. David Dexter and Mr. Elisha Waterman, may be appointed directors of said lottery ; they giving bond according to custom ; on consideration whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the prayer of the said peti tion be, and the same is hereby, granted ; provided^ that no expense arises to the colony thereby. Whereas, a number of the inhabitants of the town of Crans ton, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that there is a considerable number of people in that, and the neighboring towns, who are religiously inclined, of the sect called Baptists, whose principles are contained in Hebrews, chapter six, and first and second verses, who are willing to de vote a part of their time to the public worship of God ; that there being no meeting house within a convenient distance of the place where the greatest part of that church or society live ; meetings have been kept up in said place, for upwards of thirty years, at private houses, until about two years past, they have hired a house at the corner where two roads meet, near the Reverend Elisha Greene's, in said Cranston, for a place of public worship ; that the said house and lot are now to be sold, and it being a very convenient and commodious place for a meeting house, they are inclined to purchase it for tha^ 22 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1770. purpose, for the church that is under the care and direction of the said Elisha Greene ; but that the said society is not able to purchase the same by subscription, and repair it ; and there fore, they prayed this Assembly to grant them a lottery, to raise the sum of $300, to be applied towards purchasing and repairing the said house and lot ; and that Messrs. Joseph Stone, Elisha Greene, Jr., Zerobabel Westcot and Nehemiah Knight, all of Cranston, aforesaid, may be appointed directors or managers of said lottery ; on consideration whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the prayer of the foregoing petition be, and the same is hereby, granted ; that the direc tors give bond to the general treasurer, and be engaged for the faithful performance of their trust ; and that the said lottery be divided into such and so many classes as they shall think proper. Whereas, this Assembly is informed that His Majesty's jail, in the county of Kings county, was, in the night of the 3d day of this instant November, broken open by a number of people in disguise, and several of the prisoners, to wit : William Rey nolds, Thomas Clarke, Elisha Reynolds and Samuel Casey (the said Casey being under sentence of death), were set at liberty ; — It is therefore voted and resolved, that His Honor the Gov ernor be, and he is hereby, requested to issue a proclamation immediately for apprehending the perpetrators of that atrocious crime, and therein promise a reward of £b0, lawful money, and an indemnification to any person or persons who shall discover any one or more of the persons who were aiding or assisting in breaking open said jail (excepting those already discovered), so that such person or persons be convicted ; and also £50, lawful money, to any person or persons, who shall apprehend and bring the said Samuel Casey before legal authority, in this colony, so that he may be committed. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor, be, and he is hereby, requested to send home all the acts of the General Assembly, that have not yet been sent, agreeably to 1770.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 23 His' Majesty's requisition, signified to the colony, by a letter from the Right Honorable the Earl of Hillsborough. It is voted and resolved, that the town of Providence be, a/id they are hereby, empowered and directed to tax the sev eral owners or possessors of the lands westward of the eastern banks of the river or bay, from the boundary of the colony on Bullock's Neck, northward, to the line of North Providence ; and that in default of payment of such tax, so assessed, the salt grass sedge or thatch, growing thereon, be annually sold for the payment thereof. It is also resolved, that the town of North Providence tax the owners or possessors of the lands, tenements and other es tate, lying westward of the colony's boundary, near the east butment of Pawtucket Bridge, and from thence southerly, as far as the range of the north line of Providence ; and that the assessors and collectors have the same power over such estates, as they have over the estates on the west side of Seekonk river ; the said eastern shore being clearly comprehended with in the charter of this colony. And it is further voted and resolved, that the monies arising from the estates, herein ordered to be taxed, be lodged in the general treasury, to be applied towards keeping up and sup porting Pawtucket Bridge. It is voted and resolved, that the petition for dividing the town of Westerly, be, and the same is hereby, referred to the next session; and that the said town be served with a copy there of, and cited to appear at the next session, to answer the same. Whereas, this Assembly, at their session in October, 1767, passed an act, appointing Matthew Robinson, Esq., to draw a deed, to be executed by Thomas Ninegret, late sachem ofthe Narragansett tribe of Indians in this colony, and five of his council, to the secretary, of an island in Charlestown, for the use of a school, for the said tribe of Indians, and to see the same executed, &c, as by the said act will appear ; and whereas, the said Thomas Ninegret hath since deceased, with out having executed the said deed, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the said act be re vived, and that the present queen of said tribe, with five 24 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1770. of her council, be, and they are hereby fully empowered to make, execute and give such a deed, as in the said act is mentioned. God save the King. Public Acts passed during the year 1770. [The following laws will be found at length in the printed " Schedules," or acta • ¦and resolves of the General Assembly, for the year 1770.] An Act for the breaking up disorderly houses, kept by negroes and mulattoes ; and for putting out such negroes and mulattos to service. (February.) An Act to prevent the introduction of contagions diseases among the cattle in this colony. (February.) An Act for the more equal distribution of intestate estates. (February.) An Act in addition to the acts now in force, regulating elections, aud the admisssion 'of freemen into this colony. (June.) An Act for calling in and sinking all the old tenor bills of public credit, that are outstanding, and now passing in this colony. (September.) An Act to prevent frauds in the tare of butter-firkins and tubs. (September.) An Act for the more effectual governing of Indian, mulatto and negro servants and slaves, in the town of Newport, and further regulating the manumission of slaves in that town. (September.) An Act for assessing, upon the inhabitants of this colony, a rate or tax of £12,000, lawful money. (September.) The Earl of Hillsborough to the Governor and Company of Rhode Island. Whitehall, 11th December, 1770. Gentlemen :— The House of Commons having voted an augmentation to the King's forces, consisting (among other particulars) of an additional light company to every battallion, and of twenty men to every company on the British establish ment, and it being of great importance in the present situation, that the several bal- tallions now serving in America, should be completed as soon as possible, I am com manded to signify to you His Majesty's pleasure, that you should exert your utmost endeavors to give efficacy and dispatch to this plan of augmentation, by assisting His Majesty's officers to raise such a number of recruits as shall be sufficient for that purpose, giving every encouragement in your power, that m&y induce His Majesty's faithful subjects to engage in a service so essential to their security and defence ; and I think fit to press this matter with the greater urgency, as nothing has happened since my secret and confidential letter of the 28th of September, to strengthen the hopes I then expressed, that the peace might still be preserved ; and consequently every motive for a vigilant attention to the security of every part of His Majesty's dominions still exists in its full force. I am, etc., HILLSBOROUGH. To the Governor and Company of Rhode Island. 1771.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 25 Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony oj Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Newport, the first Wednesday of May, 1771. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. The following officers, declared elected, were duly engaged : The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. ASSISTANTS. Mr. Nicholas Easton, Mr. Thomas Wickes, Mr. Samuel Dyre, Mr. Jonathan Randall, Mr. Solomon Drown, Mr. John Congdon, Mr. David Harris, Mr. Joseph Haszard, Mr. John Almy, Mr. DEPUTIES. William Richmond. Newport. Portsmouth. Mr. Thomas Cranston, Mr. Metcalfe Bowler, Mr. John Wanton, Mr. John Almy, Mr. George Hazard, Mr. Jonathan Freeborn, Mr. Joseph Wanton, Jr. Mr. Thomas Brownell. Capt. William Read, Warwick. Mr. Thomas Freebody. Mr. Benjamin Greene, Providence. Col . James Arnold, Mr. Daniel Jenckes, Mr. Jacob Greene, Mr. Moses Brown, Mr. Christopher Greene Mr. Benjamin Man, Mr. Stephen Hopkins. vol. vu. 4 26 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1771. DEPUTIES. Westerly. Middletown. Mr. James Rhodes, Mr. Thomas Coggeshall Mr. Phineas Clark. Mr. John Holmes. North Kingstown. Bristol. Mr. Ezekiel Gardner, Mr. Christopher Ellery, Mr. John Northup. Mr. William Pearce. South Kingstown. Tiverton. Mr. William Potter, Mr. Edward Gray, Mr. Rowland Robinson. Mr. Oliver Cook. East Greenvnch. Little Compton. Mr. Sylvester Sweet, Mr. Philip Taylor, Mr. Joseph Fry. Mr. John Peckham. Jamestown. Warren. Mr. George Tew, Mr. Cromel Child, Mr. John Gardner. Mr. Daniel Cole. Smithfield. Cumberland. Mr. Caleb Aldrich, Mr. Jeremiah Whipple, Mr. Daniel Mowrey, Jr. Mr. John Dexter. Scituate, Richmond. Mr. William West, Mr. Stephen Hoxsie, Mr. Charles Harris. Mr. Edward Perry. Glocester. Cranston. Mr. Timothy Wilmarth, Mr. James Harris, Mr. Zebedee Hopkins, Jr. Mr. Gideon Comstock. Charlestown. Hopkinton. Mr. John Congdon, Mr. Thomas Wells, Jr., Mr. Sylvester Eobinson. Capt. Abel Tanner. West Greenwich- Johnston. Mr. William Nichols, Col. John Waterman, Mr. Samuel Hopkins, Jr. Mr. Daniel Manton. Coventry. North Providence. Mr. Nathaniel Greene, Jr., Capt. Eseck Hopkins, Mr. Ichab'od Borden. Mr. Thomas Whipple. Exeter. Barrington. Mr. George Pearce, Mr. Josiah Humphrey, Mr. Hopson Wilcox* Mr. Samuel Allen, 2d. 1771.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 27 The Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, speaker ; Mr. Josias Lyndon, clerk. Mr. Henry Ward, secretary. Mr. Henry Marchant, attorney general. Mr. Joseph Clarke, general treasurer. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., chief justice of the superior court of judicature, court of assize and general jail delivery. SHERIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Mr. Walter Chaloner. Providence county — Mr. Paul Tew. Kings county — Mr. Beriah Brown. Bris tol county — Mr. John Brown. Kent county — Mr. Henry Rice. FIELD OFFICERS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Mr. Daniel Dunham, colonel ; Mr. Isaac Dayton, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. John Forrester, major. Providence county — Mr. Knight Dexter, colonel ; Mr. Abraham Winsor, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Chad Brown, major. Kings county — Mr. John Crandall, colonel ; Mr. Moses Barber, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. John Allen, son of Jonathan, major. Bristol county — Mr. Simeon Potter, colonel ; Mr. Nathaniel Martin, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Thomas Gray, major. Kent county — Mr. John Waterman, colonel ; Mr. Aaron Bowen, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Benjamin Vaughan, major. Whereas, Henry Marchant, Esq., designs in a short time to proceed to London, — It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor, the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., George Hazard, Esq. and William Potter, Esq., be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to prepare a bill, requesting and fully empower ing him to join with Joseph Sherwood, Esq., our present agent, in applying for the money due from the crown to this 28 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1771. colony, and in every other affair that may concern the colony, during his residence in Great Britain ; and that they lay the same before this Assembly as soon as may be. It is voted and resolved, that the petition, preferred to this Assembly, by divers inhabitants of the town of Barrington, praying that they may be set off to the town of Warren, be, and the same is hereby, referred to the next session ; and that, in the mean time, the said town of Barrington be notified to appear at the next session, if they shall think fit, to answer the same. It is voted and resolved, that the time for paying in the last colony rate, be lengthened to the next session of this Assem bly ; and that tbe rate gatherers collect the interest until that time, as well as the principal, and pay the same into the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that $85, be allowed to the chief justice of the superior court of judicature, &c ; and $75, to each of the other justices of the said court (including the allow ance already made), for their extraordinary time and trouble at the terms of the said court, held in Kings county, in October and April last, in trying the criminals for counterfeiting gold and silver coins, and for breaking open His Majesty's jail in said county, and releasing the prisoners ; and that the addi tional sum now allowed, being $35, to the chief justice, and $37, to each of the assistant justices, be paid out of the fines of the said criminals, when a sufficient sum shall be collected, and paid into the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that the consideration of the letter from General Gage, to His Honor the Governor, requesting that quarters, &c, may be provided for His Majesty's 64th regiment, in this colony, be referred for the present ; that, if the said regiment shall arrive before the next session, and re quire any supplies from the colony, His Honor the Governor, be, and he is hereby, requested to call the General Assembly, if he shall find it necessary. Whereas, the General Assembly did heretofore appoint the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., James Helme, Esq., Joseph 1771.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 29 Hazard, Esq. and Sylvester Robinson, Esq., a committee, they, or the major part of them, to settle and adjust the accounts and demands of the creditors of Thomas Ninegret, late sachem of the Narragansett tribe of Indians, in this colony, and to assist in the sale of so much of his lands as would discharge his debts, and the necessary expenses attending said affair ; and whereas, the said sachem is since deceased, and proper deeds of sundry tracts of land bargained and sold for that purpose, were not in the life time of said sachem, duly made and exe cuted to the purchasers of said lands, — Be it therefore enacted by this General Assembly, and by the authority ofthe same it is enacted, that the aforesaid com mittee, or the major part of them, together with the council of the said late sachem, or the major part of them, make and ex ecute deeds of so much of the lands of said sachem, as will be sufficient for the purpose aforesaid. An Act appointing Henry Marchant, Esq., joint agent with Joseph Sherwood, Esq., for this colony, at the court of Great Britain. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority ofthe same it is enacted, that Henry Marchant, Esq., be, and he is hereby, appointed joint agent with Joseph Sher wood, Esq., for this colony, at the court of Great Britain, to act in all matters and things, which are now pending, or that may hereafter arise, in which this colony is, or may be inter ested, during his residence in Great Britain, or until further orders from this Assembly ; and in a more special manner, to apply for, if they shall apprehend it fit and necessary, and procure payment of the monies reported, by the secretaries at war and paymaster general, in Great Britain, to be due to this colony, for the provisions, artillery stores, &c, supplied to His Majesty's troops, in the year 1756. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that His Honor the Governor be, and he is hereby, requested to' cause copies of all such letters and papers, as are in his pos-. session, respecting the said matters, to be delivered to the said 30 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1771. Henry Marchant ; that the secretary also furnish him with copies of all such papers and records, as are in his office, respect ing the same ; and that the secretary be, and hereby is, ap pointed to prepare a draught of a letter of agency to the said Henry Marchant, for the purposes aforesaid, and lay the same before this Assembly, as soon as may be. Whereas, the secretary presented unto this Assembly, the following draught of a letter of agency to Henry Marchant, Esq., whioh was approved, to wit : Letter of Agency, by the Governor of Rhode Island, to Henry Marchant, appointing him Joint Agent for the Colony, in London. By the Honorable Joseph Wanton, Esq., Governor, Captain General and Com mander in Chief, of and over the English Colony of Rhode Island and Provi dence Plantations, in New England, in America. To all unto whom these presents shall come ; greeting : Whereas, the Governor and Company of the colony, aforesaid, in General Assem bly, convened at Newport, in the said Colony, on the first Wednesday in this instant May, did pass an act, choosing and appointing Henry Marchant, of Newport, afore. said, Esq., jointly with Joseph Sherwood, of the city of London, in the kingdom of Great Britain, Esq., agent and attorney for the said Governor and Company, in Great Britain, aforesaid, with full power and authority, with the said Joseph Sher wood, to act, transact, accomplish and finish, all matters and things whatsoever pending, or that may be pendent, in Great Britain, for or against the said Govern. or and Company, during his residence there ; more especially to obtain the monies claimed by the said Governor and Company from the crown, for provisions, artillery stores, &c, supplied for His Majesty's service, for the expedition against Crown Point, in the year 1756, or upon any other account, whatever ; and requested me, for the purposes aforesaid, to make and execute a full and ample letter of agency and attorney to him, the said Henry Marchant, under my hand, and the seal of this colony. Now know ye, that I, the Governor above mentioned, by force and virtue of the afore recited act, in behalf of the said Governor and Company, have constituted, ordained and appointed, and by these presents, do constitute, ordain and appoint him, the said Henry Marchant, during his residence in Great Britain, jointly with the said Joseph Sherwood, absolute and lawful agent and attorney, for the said Governor aud Company in Great Britain ; and in their names and stead to appear before His Majesty in Council, and either or both Houses of Parliament, or any court or courts, judge or judges, minister or ministers of justice, as shall have juris diction, cognizance or power to hear, adjudge, determine, sentence or decree, in, or upon, any cause or causes, moved or pending, or to be moved or pendent, in Great Britain, by, for, or against, the s aid Governor and Company, whether by memorial, petition, claim, demand, appeal, complaint, or otherwise ; and there, in the name 1771.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 31 stead and behalf, of the said Governor and Company, jointly with the saiid Joseph Sherwood, to say, do, act, transact, accomplish and finish, all and every matter and matters, thing and things, needful, requisite and expedient, for obtaining right and justice, in behalf of the said Governor and Company ; more especially by petition, memorial, or by any other lawful ways and means whatsoever, in their name and stead, and to their use, to obtain and receive all such sums of money as the said Governor and Company claim from the crown, for provisions, artillery stores, &c, supplied for His Majesty's service, for the expedition against Crown Point, in the year of our Lord 1756, or upon any other account, whatever ; and upon receipt of the same, or any part thereof, jointly with the said Joseph Sherwood, to give proper acquittances and lawful discharges. And I do hereby, for the said Governor and Company, covenant, promise and engage to ratify and confirm, and to hold for ratified and confirmed, all and whatso ever the said Henry Marchant, jointly with the said Joseph Sherwood, shall lawfully do or cause to be done, in or about the premises, by virtue of these presents. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and the seal of the said colony, at Newport, aforesaid, this day of May, in the eleventh year of the reign of. His Most Sacred Majesty George the Third, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, &c, Anno Domini 1771. JOSEPH WANTON. By His Honor's command. HENRY WARD, Secretary. Whereas, the town of Warwick preferred a petition unto this Assembly, and represented that the large bridge, commonly called Capt. Green's Bridge, over Pawtuxet river, about six miles above the falls, was, in March last, carried away by a large flood ; that the said bridge stood upon a road very much fre quented ; and the loss of it is a very great damage to the pub lic ; and that the said town of Warwick is greatly burthened with bridges, having many other large ones to maintain ; and thereupon, they prayed this Assembly to grant a lottery, for re-building the said bridge, agreeably to tbe scheme that fol lows ; and that Messrs. Benjamin Arnold and Thomas Holden, both of said Warwick ; and Elisha Greene, Jr. and Nehemiah Knight, both of Cranston, may be appointed directors of the said lottery ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the foregoing petition be, and the same is hereby, granted. It is voted and resolved, that the petition for erecting a new town, to be called Pawtuxet, to be taken off from Warwick 32 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1771. and Cranston, be, and the same is hereby, referred to the next session ; and that, in the mean time, the said towns of War wick and Cranston, be notified to appear at the next session, if they shall think proper, to answer the same. Whereas, a number of the inhabitants ofthe towns of War wick and Cranston, preferred a petition unto this Assembly, and represented that the bridge, called Pawtuxet Bridge, was carried away by a great flood, in March last, and wholly de stroyed ; and thereupon, prayed that a sufficient sum may be granted them, out of the general treasury, to re-build the said bridge ; which being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the sum of $200, and no more, be allowed and paid out of the general treasury, towards re pairing the said bridge. God save the King. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Newport, on the second Monday in June, 1771. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that George Hazard, Esq., William Brooks Simpson, Esq., Mr. William Ellery and the secretary, be, and they, or the major part of them, are hereby, appoint ed a committee, to prepare a bill for the relief of insolvent debtors ; and that they present the same to this Assembly, at the next session. Whereas, the church and congregation, worshipping in Clarke street, [known as the Second Congregational Church], in Newport, preferred a petition unto this Assembly, praying that a bill, by them presented, with the said petition, for the 1771.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 33 incorporation of the said church, may be passed into an act of this Assembly ; on consideration whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the prayer of the said peti* tion be, and the same is hereby, granted. It is voted and resolved, that no person or persons, whatso ever, shall hereafter be allowed or permitted to appeal to His Majesty in Council, in Great Britain, from the judgment of the superior court of judicature, in this colony, for any matter or thing whatsover, unless the matter or thing in controversy, be of the value of £300, lawful money, to be valued by the court, where the appeal shall be prayed ; any law, custom or usage to the contrary, hereof, in any wise, notwithstanding. Whereas, there is a sentence or judgment, in favor of the colony, against William Reynolds, on the records of the supe-r rior court of judicature, court of assize and general jail de livery, in the county of Kings county, for the sum of $1,000, and cost, as a fine for counterfeiting the public coin, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that upon the payment of $300, immediately, and $300, on or before the 25th day of December next, and the remainder of said judgment on or be fore the 25th day of December, A. D. 1772, into the general treasury, the colony shall, and will, release, and quit all their right, title, interest, claim and demand of, in and to, all the real estate of the said William Reynolds. It is voted and resolved, that all persons who are possessed of any ofthe lawful money bills, emitted in the year 1760, or any of the notes given by the general treasurer for such bills, bring all such bills and notes into the general treasury, within six weeks from and after the rising of this Assembly, in order to be exchanged for silver and gold; and that after the ex piration of said time, no interest be allowed thereon ; and that the general treasurer give public notice of this vote, by an adr vertisement in the Newport and Providence newspapers. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, aud by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that no seine be drawn, or net be cast, for the catching the fish betwe^n the Jst day of March VOL. VII. 5 34 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1771. and last day of May, annually, in Barrington River, between the water-lot of Daniel Kinnicut, and the Meeting House Point, under the penalty of £10, lawful money ; one half to the informer, and the other half to and for the use of the said town of Barrington. It is voted and resolved, that the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., John Dexter, Esq., Mr. Moses Brown and Matthew Robinson, Esq., be, and they are hereby, appointed a commit tee, to draw a state of the case of the northern boundary line of this colony, and deliver the same to Henry Marchant, Esq., to carry with him to Great Britain ; who, in concurrence with Joseph Sherwood, Esq., is to take such counsel and advice thereon, as they may think proper, respecting the obtaining an order from His Majesty, for commissioners to settle the line, agreeably to the charters of the Massachusetts Bay and this colony. It is voled and resolved, that the general treasurer be, and he is hereby, directed not to put forth the colony's executions against the town of South Kingstown, till after the next ses sion of this Assembly ; and that the treasurer empower said town to collect the sums due upon said executions, by issuing his warrants therefor, when said town shall have assessed said sums, so due, upon the inhabitants of said town. It is voted and resolved, that forty days longer be allowed to the several delinquent towns to pay in their respective rates, they paying interest for the same, up to the time of payment; and that, at the expiration of said time, the general treasurer be, and he is hereby, directed and fully empow ered, to issue his warrants against all those that shall be then deficient. God save the King. The Earl of Hillsborough to the Governor and. Company of Rhode Island. No. 21.] Whitehall, July 19th, 1771. Gentlemen : — The lords commissioners of His Majesty's treasury have communi cated to me, several papers received from the commissioners of the customs, in America, relative to certain outrages committed on their officers, and the neglect of 1771.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 35 the governors and civil magistrates, in giving them assistance and protection ; and their lordships have desired that I would take such measures as I shall jud^e most expedient, to prevent in such governors and civil magistrates, the like neglect of their duty, for the future. From these papers, it appears, that some of the most violent of these outrages have been committed at Newport, in Rhode Island ; particularly, in April last, when the collector of His Majesty's customs at that port, was, in the execution of his duty, assaulted, and grossly ill-treated, even to the danger of his life, by a number of the, inhabitants, without any protection being given him ; that in general, the officers of the customs havo received no support or countenance from that government, and have in vain applied to the superior court for writs of assistance in cases where such writs were judged necessary. It has given me great concern, to receive complaints, of such a nature, against a colo ny for which I have a great regard, and from which, I have received such strong pro fessions of loyalty and duty to the King ; but, after the repeated signification of the King's pleasure to the governors of all His Majesty'scolonies, that they should use their most strenuous efforts, and exert themselves in the most effectual manner, for the sup port of the commissioners of the customs, and their officers, and for enabling them to carry the laws of trade into due execution ; any further exhortation on that subject would be useless ; and it must remain with those, to whom the powers of government in Rhode Island, arc entrusted, to consider what must be the consequences, if, after such repeated admonition, the laws of this kingdom are suffered to be trampled upon, and violences and outrages of so reprehensible a nature, are committed with impunity. I have the honor to be, &c, &c, HILLSBOROUGH. To tho Governor of Rhode Island. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at East Greenwich, on the third Monday in August, 1771. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that a rate or tax, of £12,000, lawful money, be assessed and levied upon the inhabitants of the several towns in this colony ; £10,000, thereof, to be ap propriated towards sinking the outstanding lawful money bills, emitted in the year 1762, and such treasurer's notes as have been given for said bills ; and the other £2,000, for the sup- 36 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1771. ply of the treasury ; and that Rowse J. Helme and Joseph Aplin, Esqs., be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee to prepare a bill for that purpose ; and that they lay the same before this Assembly, as soon as may be. It is voted and resolved, that if the town of Westerly shall pay one half of what remains unpaid of the said town's propor* tion ofthe last colony tax, the general treasurer be, and he is hereby, directed to receive the same, and issue out an alias ex ecution for the remainder, returnable in six weeks, with the interest accruing thereon. It is voted and resolved, that no part of the bills of public credit of the old tenor, now in the general treasury, be burnt, until further orders from this Assembly. Whereas, divers inhabitants of the town of Providence, pre ferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that the street leading from the court house to the Main street, hath been, by the late heavy rains, so gullied and worn, as to ren der it almost impassable, and endanger the foundation of the court house, so that unless it be repaired, it must inevitably fall to the ground ; and that the inhabitants of the said town, as well as those of the adjacent country, suffer many inconven iences for the want of a market house ; provisions being often almost spoiled by being carried about the streets through wet and heat ; and fish rendered more scarce than it would other wise be, if they had a proper place to expose them for sale ; and therefore prayed, that they may have liberty to raise a suf ficient sum of money, by way of lottery, to pave and secure the said Court House street ; and also to build a public mar ket on the town's land, near the bridge ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the foregoing petition be, and the same is hereby, granted ; and that Messrs. Moses Brown, William Russell, Amos Atwell, James Lovet and Benjamin Cushing, Jr., be appointed directors of the said lottery ; they giving bonds in the usual manner, as soon as the sum to be raised, shall be ascertained ; provided, that no expense accrue to the colony, thereby. 1771.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 37 It is voted and resolved, that if thi* town of Portsmouth shall pay into the general treasury the sum of £420, lawful money, of what remains due of the said town's proportion ofthe last colony rate ; and the town of North Kingstown shall pay £100, lawful money, the said towns shall be allowed one month to pay the remainder ; and that the town of Jamestown be allowed the same time, to pay in the remainder of their proportion of their said rate ; the said towns paying interest for the same. God save the King. From Governor Hutchinson of Massachusetts, to the Governor of Rhode Island. Boston, 2d September, 1771. Sir: — Having lately received His Majesty's instructions for my conduct in the administration of government, it is incumbent on me, to transmit an extract from them, to the colony of Rhode Island, which I shall enclose to you ; and being, as I suppose, nothing different from what hath been transmitted by my predecessors, since the royal charter, I have no occasion to make any remarks. I have only to add, that I am, with very great regard, &c, &c, THO. HUTCHINSON. To the Hon. Joseph Wanton, Esq., Governor of Rhode Island. Extracts from the King's Instructions to Thomas Hutchinson, Esq., Governor of Massachusetts Bay. " Whereas, we have thought fit, by our commission, under our great seal, of Great Britain, bearing date the ¦ day of , to constitute and appoint you, our cap tain general and governor in chief in and over our province, of the Massachusetts Bay ; and likewise captain general and commander in chief of the militia, and of all our forces by sea and land, within the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, and the Narragansett Country, or King's Province, in New England, and of the forts and places of strength, within the same ; you are, therefore, duly to observe the following instructions, viz. ; You are to cause notification to be given, if not already done, to our colonies of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, and the Narragansett Country, of the powers wherewith you are entrusted, concerning the militia forces and forts within the said colonies and country, as aforesaid." A true copy: THO. HUTCHINSON. 38 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1771. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at South Kings town, on the last Wednesday in October, 1771. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. Whereas, Messrs. Jeremiah Whipple, Benjamin Tower, Da vid Dexter and Elisha Waterman, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that at the session of this As sembly, held in October, A. D. 1770, they were appointed directors of a lottery, to raise a sum of money, to re-build the bridge over Pawtucket River, between the towns of Smithfield and Cumberland, called Whipple's Bridge ; that they did raise the sum of $400, with which, and an additional sum by them advanced, they have made the said bridge passable at present ; and that one half of said bridge is covered with plank almost worn out, so that they can last only a few months ; and therefore, they prayed this Assembly, to em power them to raise $100 more, by way of lottery, to com plete said bridge, and reimburse them the money Ihey have advanced, and to appoint a committee to audit their accounts; and that in case there should be a small sum remaining, after the raising the said sum of $100, that it may be appropriated to the use of said bridge ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that, the prayer of the foregoing petition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual restrictions of giving bond, &c. Whereas, divers of the inhabitants of the town of North Providence, preferred a petition, and represented unto this As sembly, that the road or highway from Providence to Smith- field, leading by the dwelling houses of Capt, Eseck Hopkins and Isaiah Hawkins, Esq. ; and a branch of the road to the eastward of the dwelling house of Mr. Jonathan Whipple, is, 1771.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 39 by reason of the wetness of the land, for about one hundred and fifty rods, so muddy and miry, that at some seasons of the year it is almost impassable ; that the said road is much wanted to be used in passing through the colony ; and that the inhabitants in that district are but few, which renders it very difficult to keep said road in repair ; and therefore, they prayed the Assembly to grant a lottery, for raising the sum of £60, lawful immey, to be laid out in repairing the said road, under the direction of Thomas Whipple, Esq., Capt. Enoch Angell, Mr. Daniel Clark and Mr. Hope Angell ; on consid eration Avhereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the foregoing pe tition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual re strictions of giving bond, &c. Whereas, Messrs. John Smith and John Innis .Clark, war dens of the Episcopalian Church, in Providence, preferred a petition, and represented to this Assembly, that the congrega tion hath been at a very great expense in repairing the church, so that they are unable to build a steeple and procure a clock, which are much wanted, and will prove ornamental and serviceable to the town ; and therefore, they prayed this As sembly to grant them liberty to raise the sum of $600, by a lottery, for the purpose, aforesaid ; and that the said John In nis Clark, John Smith, and Messrs. Ebenezer Thompson and Joseph Nash, may be appointed directors, to carry on the same ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the foregoing pe tition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual re strictions ; and that in case either or any of the directors shall refuse to serve, that another or others shall be appointed in his or their room, by the society of the church, he or they, who shall be so appointed, giving bond, as usual. Whereas, the Hon. Darius Sessions, Esq., Ephraim Bowen, Esq., Samuel Nightingale, Esq., Mr. Jacob Whitman and Mr. James Greene, the committee of the Presbyterian or Congre gational Society, in Providence, preferred a petition, and rep resented unto this Assembly, that at the session of this Assem. 40 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1771. bly, held in February, A. D. 1763, a lottery was granted, for raising the sum of £560, lawful money, to be applied to pur chasing a parsonage for the use of said society, necessary charges for carrying the same into execution, being first deduct ed ; that the said lottery, by reason of many unforseen difficul ties, hath hitherto been delayed ; that almost all the managers have declined proceeding therein ; and that the scheme of said lottery is not thought so eligible as some other ; and thereup on, prayed this Assembly to give liberty to adopt a new scheme for raising the said sum of ,£560, lawful money, for the purpose, aforesaid ; that Jabez Bowen, Esq., Messrs. Na thaniel Greene, Samuel Nightingale, Jr., Charles Keen and Paul Allen, may be appointed managers or directors thereof ; and that the whole may be under the same regulations and re strictions, as in the aforesaid grant ; on consideration where- of- It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the foregoing pe tition, be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual restrictions ; and that in case either, or any of the directors shall refuse to serve, that another, or others, shall be appointed in his or their room, by the said society ; he, or they, who shall be so appointed, giving bond, as usual. It is voted and resolved, that a new jail be built in the town of Newport. It is voted and resolved, that the new prison house, to be built in Newport, be thirty-six feet wide, and not exceeding forty-five feet in length ; that Mr. Oliver Ring Warner, Mr. Thomas Freebody, Walter Chaloner, Esq., Job Bennett, Esq. and Mr. John Wanton, son of Gideon, be a committee, to procure materials for building the same, at cash price ; that nothing be purchased but by agreement of the major part of the committee ; that they be empowered to draw money out of the general treasury, for that purpose ; and that the said com mittee inquire into the value of the old prison house, and en deavor to find the best place in Newport to erect the new one upon. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Benjamin Man, be, and 1771.] AND PROVIDENCE. PLANTATIONS. 41 he is hereby, appointed to finish the court house in Provi dence ; and to draw a sufficient sum of money out of the gen eral treasury, for. that purpose. It is voted and resolved, that William Greene and Thomas Aldrich, Esqs., be, and they are hereby, appointed to finish the court house in East Greenwich ; and to draw a sufficient sum of money out ofthe general treasury, for that purpose. Whereas, the deputies of the towns of Warwick, North Kingstown and East Greenwich, preferred a petition unto this Assembly, praying that a lottery may be granted, for raising $150, to build the abutments ofthe bridge, ordered to be built over Hunt's River, (the overplus, if any, to be appropriated as this Assembly shall think fit) ; and that said lottery may be managed by William Greene, William Hall, John Northup and Sylvester Sweet, Esqs., or any three of them ; on considera tion whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the foregoing petition be granted, under the usual restrictions of giving bond, &c. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor, be, and he is hereby, requested to cause two fair copies of the draught of the letter to the Earl of Hillsborough, now lying before this Assembly, to be made, and transmit them to His Lordship ; and also to transmit two copies, thereof, to the agent. It is voted and resolved, that the act for the more effectual repairing the highways in this colony, be immediately pub lished in the Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette. God save the King. Public Acts passed during the year 1771. [The following laws will be found at length in the printed " Schedules," or acts and resolves ofthe General Assembly, for the year 1771.] An Act incorporating the Second Congregational Church, in Newport. (June.) An Act to prevent hogs going at large in the compact part of the towns of East Greenwich and Warwick, adjoining. (August.) An Act for the rehef of insolvent debtors. (August.) An Act for assessing a rate or tax, of £12,000. (August.) An Act for the more effectual repairing ofthe highways in this colony. (October.) VOL. VII. 6 42 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1771. The Governor of Rhode Island to the Earl of Hillsborough. JJ0. 36.] Rhode Island, November 2, 1771. My Lord :— Your Lordship's letter, dated at Whitehall, the 1 9th day of July last, I have received, and communicated to the General Assembly, of this colony, who have directed me to return a particular answer to the several charges against the colony, and its officers, therein contained. Your Lordship observes, that by the papers " received from the commissioners of the customs, in America, it appears that some of the most violent of these outrages have been committed at Newport, on Rhode Island ; particularly in April last, when the collector of His Majesty's customs at that port, was in the execution of his duty, assaulted, and grossly ill-treated, even to the danger of his life, by a number of the inhabitants, without any protection being given him ; that in general, the officers of the customs have received no support or countenance from that government ; and have in vain applied to the superior court, for writs of assistance in cases when such writs were judged necessary." To this, I answer, that Mr. Dudley, collector of the customs at Newport, in April last, in the dead time of the night, singly and alone, went on board a vessel lying at one of the wharves in Newport, where he met with a number of persons, supposed to be drunken sailors, and was cruelly and scandulously abused by them ; that Mr. Dudley never applied to any civil authority for protection or assistance, until after the abuse had happened. Then application was made to me, by the officers of the customs ; and what ensued upon that application, will best appear by the letters that passed between these officers and myself, at that time ; copies of which, are here with ',.j ansmitted, for Your Lordship's satisfaction. T hit Mr. Dudley, or any other persons, never afterwards made any application to a -y of the authority in this colony, for apprehending those persons that had thus abus. d him ; which, had he done, the government would have exerted itself in the most vigorous manner for bringing to justice and punishing those atrocious offend ers ; that it does not evidently appear, that any one of the inhabitants of the colony were concerned in or privy to the] abuse offered to Mr. Dudley ; but it is appre hended, it was wholly perpetrated by a company of lawless seamen. As to that part of the complaint against the superior court, for refusing writs of assistance, the General Assembly, willing to know the truth of that matter, called the justices of the superior court before them, to give an account of what applica tion had been made to them for writs of assistance, and what was the occasion they refused to give the officers of the customs that protection the law required them to give ; that all the justices of the superior court declared upon their honors, to the Assembly, that no kind of application whatsoever, had been made to them, or any of them, by any officers of the customs, for any writ of assistance or other protection, of any kind, for several years last past ; and the justices ofthe superior court, further said, that when any application should be made to them, by the custom house offi cers, for writs of assistance or other protection, that they would readily and cheer fully give them every assistance in the execution of their duty, which the law puts in the power of the superior court to give. And now My Lord, permit me, in my turn, to complain of the officers of His Majesty's customs in America, for their abusing and misrepresenting the colony of Rhode Island and its officers ; for how unkind and ungentlemanly-like, is it for offi- 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 43 cers, sent abroad by the crown, to reside in the colonies, by every means in their power, to traduce and even falsely accuse His Majesty's faithful subjects of this colony, to their sovereign and his ministers of state. I am now to thank Your Lordship for the kind concern you are pleased to ex press for this colony and its safety, and hope that Your Lordship will transfer your reprehensions from the innocent colony of Rhode Island, to those guilty officers who have so shamefully misinformed you in all those matters contained in Your Lord ship's letter. I am, &c., &c., JOSEPH WANTON. To the Right Honorable the Earl of Hillsborough. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Newport, the first Wednesday of May, 1772. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. The following officers, declared elected, were duly engaged : The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. ASSISTANTS. Mr. Samuel Dyre, Mr. Thomas Wickes, Mr. James Barker, Mr. Jonathan Randall, Mr. Solomon Drown, Mr. John Congdon, Mr. David Harris, Mr. Rowland Robinson. Mr. John Almy, Mr. William Richmond. DEPUTIES. Newport. Providence. Mr. Thomas Cranston, Mr. Stephen Hopkins. Mr. John Wanton, Mr. Thomas Greene, Mr. George Hazard, Mr. Benjamin Man, Mr. Joseph Wanton, Jr., Mr. John Jenckes, Mr. Oliver R. Warner, Mr. Thomas Freebody. 44 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. DEPUTIES. Portsmouth. Mr. Metcalfe Bowler, Mr. John Jepson, Mr. Joseph Cundall, Mr. Jonathan Brownell. Warwick. Mr. Benjamin Greene, Mr. Samuel Aborn, Mr. Jacob Greene, Mr. Christopher Greene. Westerly. Mr. James Rhodes, Mr. Phineas Clark. North Kingstown. Mr. Peter Phillips, Mr. John Northup. South Kingstown. Mr. John Rase, Mr. Samuel Babcock. East Greenvnch. Mr. Sylvester Sweet, Mr. Thomas Tillinghast. Jamestown. Mr. John Gardner, Capt. Samuel Slocum. Smithfield. Mr. Welcome Arnold. Scituate. Mr. Ezekiel Cornell, Mr. Rufus Hopkins. Glocester. Mr. Abraham Waterman, Mr. Thomas Wood. Charlestoivn. Mr. Samuel Kinyon, Benjamin Hoxsie, Jr. West Greenwich- Mr. William Nichols, Mr. Thomas Gorton. Coventry. Mr. Nathaniel Greene, Jr., Mr. Ichabod Bowen. Exeter. Mr. George Pearce, Mr. Jeffrey Wilcox. Middletown. Mr. Joshua Barker, Mr. Isaac Smith. Bristol. Col. Simeon Potter, Mr. William Bradford. Tiverton. Mr. Edward Gray, Mr. Oliver Cook. Little Compton. Mr. Thomas Church, Mr. George Pearce. Warren. Mr. Sylvester Child, Mr. Nathan Miller. Cumberland. Mr. John Dexter, Mr. Joseph Brown. Richmond. Mr. Edward Perry, Mr. Robert Stanton. Cranston. Mr. John Andrews, Mr. William Dexter. Hopkinton. Mr. Thomas Wells, Jr., Capt. Abel Tanner. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. - 45 DEPUTIES. Johnston. Barrington. Mr. Peleg Williams. Mr. Nathaniel Martin. North Providence. Capt. Eseck Hopkins, Mr. Jonathan Jenckes, Jr. The Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, speaker ; Mr. Josias Lyndon, clerk. Mr. Henry Ward, secretary. Mr. Henry Marchant, attorney general. Mr. Joseph Clarke, general treasurer. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., chief justice of the superior court of judicature, court of assize and general jail delivery. SHERIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Mr. Walter Chaloner. Providence county — Mr. Paul Tew. Kings county — Mr. Beriah Brown. Bris tol county — Mr. John Brown. Kent county — Mr. Henry Rice. FIELD OFFICERS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Mr. Daniel Dunham, colonel ; Mr. Isaac Dayton, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. John Forrester, major. Providence county — Mr. Knight Dexter, colonel ; Mr. Abraham Winsor, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Chad Brown, major. Kings county — Mr. Thomas Gardner, colonel ; Mr. Moses Barber, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Jonathan Vaughan, major. Bristol county — Mr. Simeon Potter, colonel ; Mr. Nathaniel Martin, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Thomas Gray, major. Kent county — Mr. John Waterman, colonel ; Mr. Aaron Bowen, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Benjamin Vaughan, major. It is voted and resolved, that the committee appointed to build the new jail, in Newport, proceed to build the same, 46 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. agreeably to the plan presented to this Assembly, excepting that the front be made two feet longer than was before ordered, and the entry be ten feet wide ; and that no money be drawn out of the general treasury, without the consent of the major part of the committee. Whereas, Henry Harry, Christopher Harry, James Daniel, Samuel Niles, James Niles, Ephraim Coheas, Thos. Lewis, John Shattock and Joseph Tucky, the council for the tribe of Narragan sett Indians, in this colony, represented unto this Assembly, that they are all of opinion, it will be best to sell the little house, and the two acre lot, and the wood lot, (the exact quantity not being ascertained), and as much of Fort Neck, as will pay all Thomas Ninegret's just debts ; and that they are all of one mind, to sell so much of Fort Neck, as will pay those debts, and to reserve the lands which will be left, to support all their poor ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the committee appointed to sell a part of the real estate of Thomas Ninegret, the late sa chem, for the payment of his debts, proceed to do the same, agreeably to the above mentioned proposal. It is voted and resolved, that the sum of £90, lawful money, be allowed and paid out of the general treasury, to wards re-building Pawtucket Bridge ; provided, the inhabit ants ofthe Province ofthe Massachusetts Bay, raise money, and build one of the abutments ; and that Messrs. Eseck Hopkins and Stephen Jenckes, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, and empowered to draw the said sum out of the general treasury, and to lay out the same, for the purposes, aforesaid ; and that they procure the materials at cash price. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority of the same it is enacted, that the act passed by this Assembly, at the session held at East Greenwich, on the third Monday in August, A. D. 1771, entitled " An act for the re lief of insolvent debtors," be, and it is hereby, repealed, and rendered null and void for the future. Whereas, Mrs. Catharine Earl, exhibited unto this Assem- 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 47 bly, an account by her charged against the colony, for billet ing a party of His Majesty's troops, passing through this colo ny ; and the said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that £9 6s., lawful money, being the amount thereof, be paid the said Catharine Earl, out of the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that the draught of a letter to Admiral Montagu, be approved ; that His Honor the Gov ernor, be, and hereby is, requested to transmit the same to the admiral ; and also, to transmit to the secretary of state, as soon as may be, a narrative containing all the proceedings re ferred to in the said letter, together with a copy of the Ad miral's letter, and the said answer ; and to lay a copy thereof, before this Assembly, at the next session.* It is voted and resolved, that the several collectors of taxes within this colony, be, and they are hereby, empowered to col lect interest for all the taxes now unpaid, from the individuals who have not paid the same. Whereas, complaint hath frequently been made to this As sembly, that, through the combination of the inhabitants of the island of New Shoreham, no writ of mesne process or execu tion, can be served upon any of the said inhabitants ; who do, thereby, in a great measure, evade justice. For remedy, whereof, this Assembly have thought proper that some more effectual laws, than are now in force, be made, particularly for the inhabitants of said island ; and that the said town may have a full hearing, before any such laws be made, — It is voted and resolved, that the clerk of the lower house, be, and he is hereby, directed to issue forth a notification to the inhabitants of the said island of New Shoreham, to appear before this Assembly, at the next session, to be held by ad journment, at Newport, on the third Monday in August next, to show cause, if any they have, why more effectual laws * This relates to events which led to the destruction of the Gaspee ; all the particulars and documents relative to which, are inserted at the close ofthe following August session. 48 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. should not be made, particularly for the inhabitants of New Shoreham, for bringing them to justice. God save the King. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony qf Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Newport, on the third Monday in August, 1772. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. Whereas, divers inhabitants of the town of Newport, pre ferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that at the session of this Assembly, held in February, A. D. 1768, a lottery was granted, to raise the sum of $500, to be applied towards the paving of King street, in Newport, aforesaid ; that the directors have accordingly raised the said sum, but find it insufficient for that purpose, owing to the situation of the street, which rendered the making a large common sewer ne cessary ; the charge, whereof, was much greater than it was estimated at ; and that the finishing the said street, upon the plan proposed, will not only make it very elegant, but ex tremely useful to the inhabitants of the said town, in general ; and thereupon, prayed this Assembly to enable them to raise a further sum of money, sufficient to complete the paving and other necessary repairs of the said street, by a lottery, to con sist of one or more classes, as the directors shall think most prudent ; that the present directors may be continued, and empowered to perform the said business ; and that if any of them shaU refuse, the town of Newport may appoint one or more directors in his or their stead, refusing ; the person or persons so to be appointed, giving bond in the usual manner ; on consideration whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the aforesaid petition 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 49 be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual restric tions ; provided, that the colony incur no expense in con sequence thereof. It is voted and resolved, that John Dexter, Esq., Mr. Oliver Ring Warner and Mr. Rufus Hopkins, be, and they are here by, appointed a committee, to prepare a bill to empower the several town councils, in this colony, to lay ont drift ways, as well as highways. It is voted and resolved, that John Jepson, Esq. and Mr. John Jenckes, be, and they are hereby, appointed a commit tee to prepare a bill for destroying barberry bushes, throughout this colony. Whereas, John Dexter and Joseph Brown, Esqs., deputies from the town of Cumberland, preferred a petition, and repre sented unto this Assembly, that the bridge built over Paw tucket River, between the towns of Smithfield and Cumberland, aforesaid, near the Furnace Unity, so called, which was first built by lottery, hath, by length of time; and the great floods in the said river, during the last winter, become almost impas sable, and unless repaired, will very soon become useless ; and thereupon, prayed this Assembly to grant them another lottery, to raise the sum of £40, lawful money, to repair the said bridge ; and that Abner Lapham, Esq. and Capt. John Fisk, #f said Cumberland, may be appointed managers, thereof; on consideration whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority of the same it is enacted, that the aforesaid petition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual restric tions ; provided, that no expense be incurred by the colony, in consequence thereof. Whereas, divers of the inhabitants of the town of Barring ton, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that the Congregational meeting house in said town, is very much out of repair ; that the laying, out three roads, one to the southward, and two to the westward of the said meeting house, will greatly accommodate the inhabitants and trav elers towards Fuller's Ferry, and the meeting house ; and vol. Vii. 7 50 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. that their circumstances are such, they cannot effect the same, without the interposition of this Assembly ; and therefore prayed this Assembly to grant them a lottery, upon such scheme as the managers shall think proper, to raise the sum of £165, lawful money ; £110, thereof, to be appropriated towards repairing the said meeting house, and the remainder towards opening or laying out the said highways ; and that James Brown, Josiah Humphrey, Nathaniel Martin, Samuel Allen and Edward Bosworth, Esqs. , may be appointed man agers of the said lottery ; on consideration whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the aforesaid petition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual restric tions ; provided, that no expense be brought upon the colony thereby. Whereas, the Hon. Darius Sessions, Esq., exhibited unto this Assembly an account, by him charged against the colony, for the expenses he was at, in going to Pawtuxet, and taking evidences respecting the loss of His Majesty's schooner Gaspee ; for cash paid for victualling w;hile on shore, and carrying on board the Beaver, the people belonging to said schooner, and provisions during their passage ; for cash paid for the hire and expenses of an express sent to Newport, to His Honor the Governor, with an account of the said affaif, and copies of the depositions ; and for cash paid for defraying the charge of taking up, and securing sundry stores belonging to the said schooner ; and the said account being duly ex amined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that £9 ls. 9d., lawful money, being the amount thereof, be paid the said Darius Sessions, out of the general treasury. Whereas, Mr. Samuel Aborn, exhibited unto this Assembly, an account by him charged against the colony, for the ex penses of taking up, and securing the anchors, guns and other stores, of His Majesty's schooner, the Gaspee, &c. ; and the said account being duly examined, — 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 51 It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that £11 18s. 2d., lawful money, being the balance thereof, be paid the said Samuel Aborn, out of the general treasury. Whereas, His Honor the Governor, hath laid before this As sembly, a full and particular narrative ofthe measures he hath pursued, in consequence of the burning of His Majesty's schooner, the Gaspee ; and of the steps he hath taken to dis cover the perpetrators of that atrocious piece of villainy ; upon due consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the whole of His Honor's pro ceedings be approved ; and that His Honor be, and he is hereby, requested to transmit a copy thereof, to the agent of the colony, in Great Britain ; and to pursue such further mea sures respecting the said affair, during the recess of the General Assembly, as shall appear necessary. And whereas, His Honor issued a proclamation, promising a reward of £100, sterling, to any person or persons who shall discover the persons guilty ofthe said crime ; — It is therefore further voted and resolved, that this Assembly will make provision for paying the above mentioned reward, in case any person or persons shall be entitled thereto. And it is further voted and resolved, that no copies of letters, or other proceedings, relating to the above mentioned affair, be delivered out by the secretary, to any person or persons, whomsoever. It is voted and resolved, that the letter from His Honor the Governor, to the Right Honorable the Earl of Hillsborough, of the 20th of May last, containing a narrative of the procedings respecting His Honor's calling Lieutenant Dudingston before him, &c, be, and the same is hereby, approved. Whereas, Joseph Rhodes, of Cranston, cooper, hath in his hands the sum of $79, belonging to Lieutenant Dudingston, which he refuseth to deliver, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Governor, and the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., be, and they are hereby, requested and empowered to make in- 52 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. quiry into that affair, and to settle all differences between the parties ; and that if the said Rhodes will not comply there with, they advise the said Dudingston to [take] the proper method for obtaining his right. Whereas, Messrs. John Greene and Company, and Griffin Greene, all of Coventry ; and Nathanial Greene and Company, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that on the night of the 17th instant, the buildings of the forge, in said Coventry, of which they were owners, were entirely con sumed by fire ; that the loss is so great that they cannot repair it without assistance ; that some of them are considerably indebted, have increasing families to maintain, and by the said misfortune are deprived of their principal dependance ; that, although they, the petitioners, are the immediate sufferers, yet many others must consequently share in the calamity, as a considerable part of the country adjacent, were employed by means of said forge ; which also furnished a very material and expensive article for shipping ; and that, if the said forge be not repaired, the anchor works, which still remain, will be in a manner useless ; and thereupon, prayed this Assembly to grant them a lottery, to raise the sum of $2,500, under the direction of Messrs. William Greene, Christopher Greene and Charles Holden, they giving bond for the faithful performance of the said trust ; on consideration whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the aforesaid petition be, and the same is hereby, granted. Whereas, Messrs. Nicholas Goddard, Samuel Gorton, Caleb Hill, Hopkins Cooke and William Arnold, in behalf of them selves and others, of the denomination of Baptists, in and about the town of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, pre ferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that the Baptist meeting house, in said town, is very much decayed, and cannot be repaired to advantage ; that the number of peo ple who attend religious worship in said house, is increased to such a degree, as to make a larger meeting house necessary ; and that the poverty of the members renders it impracticable 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 53 to build a new one, without assistance ; and thereupon, they prayed this Assembly to grant them the liberty of raising the sum of $1,500, by lottery, to be applied towards erecting a Baptist meeting house in the said town ; and that they, the petitioners, may be appointed directors of the said lottery, giv ing bond, as usual, for the faithful discharge of said trust ; on consideration whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the foregoing petition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual restrictions. Whereas, divers freemen, inhabitants of the town of War wick, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assem bly, that the town wharf, in Warwick harbor, is so far gone to decay, that it is extremely difficult to land upon said wharf, or take off any kind of goods or merchandise, whatever ; and therefore prayed this Assembly to grant them a lottery, to raise the sum of $500, to be appropriated to the building a wharf on the highway laid out to said Warwick harbor, for that pur pose ; which wharf may be freely made use of, by any of the inhabitants of this colony, wharfage free ; and that Capt. Ben jamin Gorton, Capt. Thomas Greene and Capt. John Lippitt, may be appointed managers in the said business ; on consid eration whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the foregoing petition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual restrictions. Whereas, divers inhabitants of the town of Newport, pre ferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that the street called Pelham street, in Newport, aforesaid, is so sit uated that it cannot be kept in repair without very great ex pense, unless the same be paved ; and thereupon, -prayed this Assembly to grant them a lottery, for paving the said street, to be divided into classes, at the discretion of the directors, so that a.sum sufficient for carrying the said design into execu tion, may be raised ; and that Messrs. Simon Pease, Robert Stoddard, Charles Handy, John Bannister, Thomas Gordon Stelle and Samuel Bours, may be appointed directors of the 54 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. said lottery, they giving bond for the faithful execution of the said trust ; on consideration whereof, — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the aforesaid petition be, and the same is hereby, granted. God save the King. Public Acts passed during the year 1772. [The following laws will be found at length in the printed " Schedules," or acts and resolves ofthe General Assembly, for the year 1772.] An Act incorporating Field's Fountain Society. (May.) An additional Act empowering justices ofthe inferior court of common pleas, or any three of them, to constitute and hold special courts of common pleas, on certain occasions. (May.) An Act for assessing a rate or tax of £12,000, lawful money. (August.) An Act to prevent horse stealing, and to punish the persons guilty thereof. (August.) An Act for destroying barberry bushes throughout this colony. (August.) An Act empowering the. several town councils in this colony, to lay out drift-ways in their respective towns. (August.) The Earl of Dartmouth to the Governor and Company of Rhode Island. Whitehall, August 14, 1772. Gentlemen : — The King having been graciously pleased to appoint me to be one of His Majesty's principal secretaries of state, and to commit to my care, the dis patch of all such business as relates to His Majesty's colonies, I take the earliest op portunity of acquainting you therewith. It will give me great satisfaction to be able to fulfill His Majesty's gracious inten tions in this appointment ; and as it is His Majesty's pleasure that your dispatches should, for the future, be addressed to me, I shall not fail to lay them immediately be fore the King, and to transmit to you such orders as His Majesty shall think fit to give thereupon. I am, &c, &c. DARTMOUTH. To the Governor and Company of Rhode Island. A HISTORY OF THE DESTRUCTION OF HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S SCHOONER GASPEE, IN NARRAGANSETT BAY, ON THE 10TH JUNE, 1772; ACCOMPANIED BY THE CORRESPONDENCE CON NECTED THEREWITH ; THE ACTION OF THE GENERAL ASSEM BLY OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND THEREON, AND THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMMIS SION OF INQUIRY APPOINTED BY KING GEORGE THE THIRD, ON THE SAME. THE DESTRUCTION OF THE GASPEE. [The proceedings of the General Assembly, relative to the destruction of the British schooner Gaspee, in the waters of Narragansett Bay, on the night of the 9th June, 1772, will be found in the records of the August session of that year. What followed, connected with this important event in the colonial an nals of Rhode Island, extends through this, and a part of the following year. In presenting this history to the public, the editor, has brought the whole of the pro ceedings together, including the events which preceded the destruction of that vessel. This will present a continuous account of the affair, with the accompanying docu ments, from the time it occurred, to the report of the royal commission of inquiry on the same. The correspondence and most of the documents herewith printed, are preserved in the original, among the archives of the State, and are chronologically arranged and bound in one volume. In 1845, the Hon. William R. Staples caused these documents to be printed in the col umns of the Providence Journal, with preliminary observations. He also interspersed the various documents with his own remarks, in order to present a plain and contin uous " Documentary History " of the destruction of the Gaspee. This was after wards printed in a pamphlet form ; but has long been out of print. To these various documents, the present seci etary of state, and editor of the Co lonial Records, has been enabled to add several letters and documents of great interest which were not previously among the State archives, and which had never been printed. For several of these, he is indebted to the kindness of his friend, the Hon. George Bancroft, who procured copies of the originals on file in Her Majesty's state paper office, London. The others are from a variety of sources, including that great depository of historical documents. Copies of these several papers, have now been procured, and deposited in their proper places among the " Gas pee documents," referred to. Among the most important of these new documents, are letters from Admiral Montagu to the Earl of Hillsborough ; letters from Chief Justice Horsmanden, of New York, one of the royal commissioners of in quiry into the Gaspee affair, to the Earl of Dartmouth, giving an account ofthe proceedings of the court ; and the official report of inquiry to the King, about the burning of the Gaspee.] — J. R. B. VOL. VII. 8 58 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. The records of the proceedings and the correspondence of the preceding years, show that an illicit trade had long been carried on, not only in Rhode Island, but in the other English colonies. They show, too, that efforts had been repeatedly made by the commissioners of customs, to put a stop to this practice, by placing armed vessels in Narragan sett Bay, and at other places along the coast, from Casco Bay to Cape Henlopen, in 1764. Serious riots, too, had, in several instances occurred, in consequence of the vigi lance of the custom house- officers, in their endeavors, to check this illicit trade. The vessel assigned to this station, in 1764, by the King's authority, was the schooner St. John, Lieut. Hill, commander. This vessel seized the Cargo of a brig, which had discharged near Howland's Ferry, and following her at sea, made a prize of her, and brought her to Newport. Other difficulties, which grew out of her presence, at Newport, led to the fitting out of an armed sloop, with the intention of destroying her, which was only prevented by the presence of the " Squirrel " man of war, in that harbor. Nevertheless, the people on board the sloop landed on Goat Island, seized the battery, and discharged its guns at the large ship. During the same year, another event took place in the har bor of Newport, which tended greatly to exasperate the peo ple. The Maidstone, a vessel belonging to the British navy, lay here, several months, and gave great dissatisfaction, by im pressing seamen from vessels entering the harbor, as well as in taking them from the boats and small craft in the bay. Other ships of the royal navy, which visited Newport, also had difficulties with the people there, all of which tended to arouse them, and lead to some measures of retaliation. The climax was reached, when a brig from Africa, entering the port, was boarded by the officers from the Maidstone, and her entire crew pressed into the naval service. The same night, a mob of about five hundred men and boys, exasperated by the affair, seized one of the boats belonging to the Maidstone, which lay at the wharf, pulled her on shore, and after dragging her 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 59 through the streets to the Common, in front ofthe court house, burnt her, amid the shouts of an immense crowd, which the occasion had brought together. The affair was so suddenly concocted and carried into effect, that the authorities had no time to interfere. The next important event in order, in resisting the authority of the government in its efforts to suppress illicit trade, was the affair of the armed sloop Liberty, Capt. Reid, which the commissioners of the customs had sent to Newport, in 1769. This officer had exhibited an extraordinary zeal in executing the orders he had received, and had greatly annoyed vessels entering our ports. On the 17th July, while cruising in Long Island Sound, he took a brig and a sloop, belonging to Connecticut, which he suspected had been engaged in illicit trade, and brought them to Newport. The commander of the brig, Capt. Packwood, it appeared, tfad duly reported his cargo at the custom house, before sailing, and no proof was exhibited that he had made any attempt to evade the revenue. On the 19th, as no charges had been made, or prosecution entered against the brig, Packwood went on board the Liberty. The captain be ing absent, some difficulty took place, which led to the firing of several musket balls at Capt. Packwood's boat on her re turn to the shore. Obtaining no redress for this outrage, the people of Newport boarded the obnoxious vessel, cut her cables, and suffered her to drift on shore, near Long Wharf. They then cut away her masts, threw her armament overboard, when, with the first high tide, she drifted over to Goat Island. The first night she lay here, a party from Newport, went over and burnt her. His Majesty's armed schooner, the Gaspee, of eight guns, Lieut. Dudingston, accompanied by the Beaver, made their ap pearance in the waters of Narragansett Bay, in March, 1772, on duties similar to those of the " St. John " and " Liberty," to which allusion has been made, viz.: to prevent breaches ofthe revenue laws, and to stop the illicit trade, so long and so success- 60 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1772. fully carried on in the colony. The commander of the Gaspee was quite as exacting as Capt. Reid of the Liberty had been. He stopped all vessels, including small market boats, without showing his authority for so doing ; and even sent the property he had illegally seized, to Boston, for trial, contrary to an act of Parliament, which required such trials to be held in the colonies where the seizures were made. In these acts, Dudings ton had clearly transcended his powers. Shortly after the Gas pee had commenced her illegal proceedings, the complaints from the people of Providence were so numerous to the Deputy Governor, Darius Sessions, that he submitted the question to Chief Justice Hopkins, who did not hesitate to give his opinion, " that no commander of any vessel has a right to use any au thority in the body of the colony, Avithout previously applying to the Governor, and showing his warrant for so doing ; and also being sworn to a due exercise of his office." Upon re ceiving this opinion, the Deputy Governor, who- then resided in Providence, addressed the following letter to Governor Jo seph Wanton, at Newport : The Deputy Governot to the Governor of Rhode Island, Providence, March 21, 1772. Sir : — The inhabitants of this town, have, of late, been much disquieted in their minds, by repeated advices being brought of a^chooner, which, for some time past, hath cruised in the Narragansett Bay, and much disturbed our navigation. She suffers no vessel to pass, not even packet boats, or others of an inferior kind, without a strict examination ; and where any sort of unwillingness is discovered, they are com pelled to submit, by an armed force. Who he is, and by what authority he as sumes such a conduct, it is thought needs some inquiry ; and I am requested by a number of gentlemen, of this town, on their behalf, to acquaint Your Honor therewith, and that you would take the matter into consideration ; and, if the com mander of that schooner has not as yet made proper application, and been duly authorized in his proceedings, that some proper measures be taken to bring him to account. It is suspected he has no legal authority to justify his conduct ; and his com mission, if he has any, is some antiquated paper, more of a fiction than anything else ; and this seems to be confirmed by Mr. Thomas Greene, who says he saw it, and believes it to be no other than the commission the famous Reid had, who lost his sloop at Newport, or something else, of no validity. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 6l In consequence of the above mentioned application, I have consulted with Chief Justice Hopkins thereon, who is of opinion, that no commander of any vessel has any right to use any authority in the body of the colony, without previously apply ing to the Governor, and showing his warrant for so doing ; and also, being sworn to a due exercise of his office ; and this, he informs me, has been the common custom in this colony. I am, sir, &c, &c, DARIUS SESSIONS. To Governor Wanton. This letter led to the following correspondence between the Governor and the commanding officer of the schooner : The Governor of Rhode Island to the Commander of the Gaspee. Newport, Rhode Island, March 22, 1772. Sir : — A considerable number of the inhabitants of this colony have complained to me, of your having, in a most illegal and unwarrantable manner, interrupted their trade, by searching and detaining every little packet boat plying between the sev eral towns. As I know not by what authority you assume this power, I have sent off the high sheriff, to inform you of the complaint exhibited against you, and ex pect that you do, without delay, produce me your commission and instructions, if any you have, which was your duty to have done when you first came within the jurisdiction of this colony. I am your humble servant, J. WANTON. To the commanding officer of a schooner near Brenton's Point. Lieut. Dudingston to the Governor of Rhode Island. Schooner Gaspee, Rhode Island, March 23, 1772. Sir: — Last night I received your letter informing- me, that a " number ofthe in habitants of this colony had complained " to you, of my having, " in a most illegal and unwarrantable manner, interrupted their trade, by searching and detaining every little packet boat, plying between the several towns." In answer to which, I have done nothing but what was my duty ; and their com plaint can only be founded on their ignorance of that. When I waited on you, on my arrival, I acquainted you of my being sent to this government, to assist the revenue. I had my commission to show you, if required, as it was ever understood by all His Majesty's governors I have had the honor to wait on, that every officer commanding one of His Majesty's vessels, was properly authorized, and never did produce it, unasked for. The officer I send, is equally qualified and has been in the boats in boarding most of the vessels, and can give any information relative to my proceeding. Sir, your humble servant, W. DUDINGSTON. To Governer Wanton. 62 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772-. The Governor of Rhode Island to Lieut. Dudingston. Newport, Rhode Island, March 23, 1772. Sir : — Yours, of this day, I have received, which does not give me that satisfaction I had a right to expect ; neither was the bearer of the letter qualified to give me any authentic information respecting the legality of that authority you have presumed to exercise within this colony. I expect that you do, without delay, comply with my request of yesterday ; and you may be assured, that nry utmost exertions shall not be wanting to protect your person from any insult or outrage, on coming ashore. I am your humble servant, Ji WANTON. To Mr. AV. Dudingston, of the schooner Gaspee. With this, the correspondence between Governor Wanton and Lieut. Dudingston ended. The lieutenant's sense of pro priety was evidently shocked by the letters from Governor Wanton, and of his peremptory demand to exhibit to him his commission and instructions. He seems to have believed that the authority from which his commission emanated, was paramount to that of the colonial governor. He therefore enclosed the letters of Governor Wanton, together with his own, to Admiral Montagu, at Boston, who was then in command of His Maj esty's fleet on this station. The admiral plainly espoused the side of Dudingston, and feeling his own dignity wounded at the demand of the Governor on his lieutenant, addressed the inso lent letter, which follows, to Governor Wanton : Admiral Montagu to the Governor of Rhode Island. Boston, 8th April, 1772. Sir : — Lieutenant Dudingston, commander of His Majesty's armed schooner, and a part of the squadron under my command, has sent me two letters he received from you, of such a nature, I am at a loss what answer to give them, and ashamed to find they come from one of His Majesty's governors. He informs me, that he waited upon you, and showed you the admiralty and my orders for his proceedings ; which agreeably to his instructions, he is to do, that you may be acquainted that he is on that station to protect your province from pirates, and to give the trade all the as sistance he can, and to endeavor, as much as lays in his power, to protect the rev enue officer, and to prevent (if possible,) the illicittrade that is carrying on at Rhode Island. He, sir, has done his duty, and behaved like an officer ; and it is your dutv, as a governor, to give him your assistance, and not endeavor to distress the Kino-'s offi- 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 63 cers for strictly' complying with my orders. I shall give them directions, that, in case they receive any molestation in the execution of their duty, they shall send every man so taken in molesting them, to me. I am also informed, the people of Newport talk of fitting out an armed vessel to rescue any vessel the King's schooner may take carrying on an illicit trade. Let them be cautious what they do ; for as sure as they attempt it, and any of them are taken, I will hang them as pirates. I shall report your two insolent letters to my officer, to His Majesty's secretaries of state, and leave them to determine what right van have to demand a sight of all orders I shall give to all officers of my squadron ; and I would advise you not to send your sheriff on board the King's ship again, on such ridiculous errands. The captain and lieutenants have, all my orders, to give you assistance whenever you demand it, but further, you have no business with them ; and, be assured, it is not their duty to show you any part of my orders or instructions to them. I am, sir, &c, &c, J. MONTAGU. To Governor Wanton. This produced the following dignified and spirited answer: The Governor of Rhode Island to Admiral Montagu. Rhode Island, May 8, 1772. Sir : — Your letter, dated April the 8th, at Boston, I have received. Lieutenant Dudingston has done well in transmitting my letters to you, which I sent him ; but I am sorry to be informed there is any thing contained in them that should be con strued as a design of giving offence, when no such thing was intended. But Mr. Dudingston has not behaved so well, in asserting to you " he waited on me, and showed me the admiralty and your orders for his proceedings, which, agreeably to his instructions, he is so to do ;" but in that he has altogether misinformed you ; for he, at no time, ever showed me any orders from the admiralty or from you ; and positively denied that he derived any authority either from you or tho commission ers ; therefore, it was altogether out of my power to know, whether he came hither to protect us from pirates, or was a pirate himself. .You say, " he has done his duty and behaved hke an officer." In this, I apprehend you must be mistaken ; for I can never believe it is the duty of any officer, to give false information to his supe riors. As to your attempt to point out what was my duty as Governor, please to be informed, that I do not receive instructions for the administration of my govern ment, from the King's admiral, stationed in America. You seem to assert, that I have endeavored to distress the King's officers, for strictly complying with your orders. In this, you are altogether mistaken ; for I have at all times heretofore, and shall constantly for time to come, afford them all the aid and assistance in my power, in the execution of their office. The information you have received, "that the people of Newport talked of fitting out an armed vessel to rescue any vessel the King's schooner might take carrying on an illicit trade," you may be assured is without any foundation, and a scandalous imposition ; for, upon inquiring into this matter, I cannot find that any such de sign was ever conceived, or so much as talked of; and therefore, I hope you will 64 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. not hang any of His Majesty's subjects belonging to his colony, upon such false information. I am greatly obliged for the promise of transmitting my letters to the secretary of state. I am, however, a little shocked at your impolite expression, made use of upon that occasion. In return for this good office, I shall also transmit your letter to the secretary of state, and leave to the King and his ministers to determine on which side the charge of insolence lies. As to your advice, not to send tlie sheriff on board any of your squadron, please to know, that I will send the sheriff of this colony at any time, and to any place, within the body of it, as I shall think fit. In the last paragraph of your letter, you are pleased flatly to contradict what you wrote in the beginning ; for there you assert that Dudingston, by his instructions, was directed to show me the admiralty and your orders to him ; and here you assert, that I have no business with them ; and assure me, that it is not his duty to show me them, or any part thereof. I am, sir, &c, &c, J. WANTON. To Admiral Montagu. The Governor laid the preceding letter from Admiral Mon tagu, before the General Assembly, at their May session, 1772, and the following resolution passed that body, in relation to the answer sent to the admiral : " Besolved, that His Honor the Governor, be requested to transmit a copy of the letter written to Admiral Montagu ; and likewise, that His Honor the Governor, be requested to transmit to the secretary of state, a narration, containing the proceedings referred to in said letter, together with a copy of the admiral's letter, as soon as may be ; and that he present a copy thereof, to this Assembly, at the next session of the same." The letter of the Governor, led to some further correspond ence between the admiral and the lieutenant, of which only the following letter is found among the archives : Lieut. Dudingston to Admiral Montagu. Schooner Gaspee, Rhode Island, May 22, 1772. Sir: — I have received your letters ofthe 14th and 18th instant, and copy of com- sioners' to you. By theirs, I see plainly, I cannot look to them to be supported for sending the sloop *nd rum to Boston, notwithstanding I was assured by their of ficers at this port, no seizure could be safe with them. There was only the alterna tive to send her, or remain in this harbor, and guard twelve hogsheads of rum ; a 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 65 t>ait, the inhabitants of this government would willingly put in my way, if that could fix the schooner. I was not, at the time, ignorant of the statute to the con trary ; but never doubted, if the sloop got safe, I should be supported by them, as I informed the board. The owner ofthe rum resided in Coventry, which is but httle further from Boston, thanNewport ; and of course, could, at as little expense, defend this property at the one as the other. As I find the exigencies not considered, but law referred to by them, for the future shall take care not to act repugnant to it, let what may be the con sequence. If I should have any doubt about that, I will take the opinion recom mended to their officers, relative to the officers in the navy being arrested hero by the attorney general. I shall also be on my guard, not to put it in their power to arrest me, or any officer under my command in this government. WThat passed between the Governor and me, was, as near as I can recollect, what follows. The morning after my arrival from Boston, was when I first saw him. Lieut. D. — Sir, I command His Majesty's schooner Gaspee, and am ordered into this government by Admiral Montagu, to assist the revenue. Governor — Is it the. schooner Capt. Allen commanded ? (meaning the lieutenant I superseded). Lieut. — Yes. Governor — We have had many different schooners here lately; (mentioning'the Sultana, St. John and Halifax). Lieut. — Yes ; and you may remember me here about two years ago, when the Colonels Dalrymple and Robinson came with me. (I am not sure whether he said he did or not.) Governor — Wliat vessel was that which seized the packet ? I told him whom she was commanded by and belonged to, and my being there at the time, and said, it would not have happened had the officer come near the Gas pee, which was his duty, with more on the subject, too trivial for you to hear. He then related the conduct of the collector and Mr. Reid, late commander of the custom house sloop Liberty, and said it was in their power to have saved her be fore she had received much damage ; and said he would not mind ,what they repre sented concerning him, if they had told facts. I said I had heard it otherwise men tioned; but hoped I should meet with no difficulty in the execution of my duty. Governor — You may depend on my support and assistance. I then observed, it was not clear to me, if I made a seizure, it would be safe. Governor — I will do all in my power. I then instanced what had been the fate of one made by the officers of the port a little before ; and added, I did not think if I made one, I should put it to the trial. Governor — I suppose you will be much here. I shall always be glad to see you, Lieut. D. — I shall be where I find I can best execute the service. I was much obliged to him. Governor — I hope, Captain, we shall have a good understanding. I said it was my wish, and should give him as little trouble as possible. Much was said about his government and police ; but never did he ask me to show my orders, or even mention them. The weather kept me some- days in the harbor; and I was in company with some of his friends ; but never heard my authority questioned, till I sent the sloop to Boston, on my return here ; at which time, I gave him my reason in a letter, (a copy of which, I enclose to you), for not showing my VOL. VII. 9 66 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. orders, as he, till then, had never required me to do so ; at which time I sent them by an officer, which I informed you of. I must now beg leave to observe, if he had asked me to show my orders, is it possi ble I should behave, so liluch unlike an officer and gentleman, in telling a falsehood, by doing which, I must be ruined as an officer, and in reputation forever ? The fallacy is easily seen, when it is considered, the only thing that makes the schooner respect ed, is said to be denied by me. Had such an assertion come from a private char acter,. I should hope for reparation, for an attempt to wound my reputation as an officer. In my present situation, I have only to hope my word will be respected as an officer, as much as his, as a Governor, who can make it appear by no better evidence than an old woman and clerk in the naval office, and not in the station of a gentle man ; and I do not think either would be base enough to witness so great a falsehood. As to his letter, it cannot be looked upon as his, but the Assembly's, where it was put to the vote to answer your letter or not. They were all for the answer ; the Governor alone, for sending it to Lord Hillsborough. Mr. Greene, is one of the house, the owner of the rum. I could expect no quarter from people of that stamp. On the 20th, the sloe-p was condemned. I have taken the liberty to enclose my letter to the commissioners for your perusal, open ; as it was the intention of the people here, to have the sloop sold in the man ner they have been used to, and -which always falls into the old owners' hands, without opposition. I hope soon to have the board's answer, to determine her des tination. I am, sir, &c, &c, W. DUDINGSTON. To Admiral Montagu. At the next session of the Assembly, which was in August following, and to which reference is made in the Colonial Re cords, Vol. VII, p. 51, Governor Wanton presented a copy of his letter to the secretary of state, which was as follows : The Governor of Rhode Island to the Earl of Hillsborough. Newport, Rhode Island, May 20, 17 72. My Lord : — In conformity to a vote of the General Assembly, of this colony, I herewith transmit Your Lordship a copy of a letter I received from Admiral Mon tagu, and the answer. They have also requested me to transmit to Y^our Lordship a narrative of all the proceedings referred to, in said letter. As Admiral Montagu has endeavored to fix a stigma on my character and admin istration as Governor of this colony, by charging me with attempting fo distress the King's officers from strictly complying with his orders, Your ¦ Lordship will in dulge me with giving a short account of my proceedings, by which the ungenerous accusation of Admiral Montagu, will, I flatter myself, appear not to have the least foundation in truth. On the 21st of March last, a number of the inhabitants of this colony, gentlemen of estabhshed character, and whose loyalty to their sovereign is not to be ques tioned, exhibited to me a complaint in writing, that a certain schooner was cruising 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 67 in the Narragansett River, boarding every vessel and boat that passed, and other wise interrupting them in the pursuit of their lawful business ; and not knowing by what authority the persons belonging to said schooner exercised that power within the body of the colony, requested me to make such inquiry concerning tho same, as was consistent with law. It therefore, became my indispensable duty, in order to satisfy the complaints, to demand of the commanding officer of said schooner, the reason of his thus acting, and whether he was vested with such powers as would justify his proceedings, which produced my letter to him of the 22d of March. It was answered by Wm. Dud ingston, of the schooner Gaspee ; but, as he did not give me that satisfaction I conceived I had an indisputable right to expect, I wrote another letter ; whereupon, he sent me, by one of his officers, an order from the lords ofthe admiralty, for his commanding tlie schooner Gaspee ; also, their letter to the commissioners at Boston, requesting that board to give him a deputation in the customs, both which, I re turned to the officer in the same hour he brought them, without attempting in the 'east, to distress or oppose him in the execution of his duty. This, My Lord, is a true state of facts ; and I believe Your Lordship is con vinced that, in my proceedings, I have done nothing but what was my duty ; and that Admiral Montagu's accusation is as groundless as it is illiberal. When I wrote my first letter, I do, .upon my honor, declare, that I did not know whether the schooner complained of, was the Gaspee or not ; and even if I did, in my opinion, I am justifiable, as I was entirely unacquainted with Mr. Dudingston's authority, either as an officer in the revenue or navy ; and I do not believe he had any right to officiate as a custom house officer within the body of this colony, before he had communicated to me, or some proper authority, his commission for so doing. I must not omit mentioningvthat the information wliich Admiral Montagu says he has received, that the people of Newport talk of fitting out an armed vessel to rescue any seizures which may be made by the King's vessels, is, Your Lordship may be assured, a malicious representation, calculated, by the enemies of our happy con stitution, to injure the colony, and bring upon the inhabitants his Majesty's dis pleasure. I acknowledge it a singular happiness, that this affair is brought before Your Lordship ; and that your candor and inflexible integrity will fix the charge of insolence where it really belongs. I submit the dispute with pleasure, from a thorough con viction, that Your Lordship's opinion thereupon, will be consonant to the strictest equity It is now my turn to complain of Mr. Dudingston's illegal proceedings, in carrying a quantity of rum, he had seized on board a small boat, lying within the county of Kent, in this colon)', to Boston, for trial ; notwithstanding, by the 8th of His Majesty, it is expressly declared, that all forfeitures of this kind, shall be tried in that colony where the offence is committed. To recite every particular of his unwarrantable proceedings, would, My Lord, be too tedious. Let it then suffice, that since the Gaspee and Beaver have been sta tioned in this colon)-, the inhabitants have been insulted without any just cause, with the most abusive and. contumelious language ; and, I am sorry that I have reason to say, that the principal officers belonging to said vessels, have exercised that power with which they are vested, in a wanton and arbitrary manner, to the very great in jury and disturbance ofthe colony. 68 RECORDS OF TnE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. I have, My Lord, constantly afforded the King's officers all the assistance in my power, in the legal discharge of their trust ; but if any of them, through prejudice, ignorance of their duty or youthful indiscretion, insult this colony, it is my duty, as His Majestv's Governor, to remonstrate against it. I am, &c, &c, J. WANTON. To the Right Honorable Earl of Hillsborough, one of His Majesty's principal secretaries of state, Whitehall. The foregoing letters present an account ofthe events which preceded the memorable night of the 9th of June, when the Gas pee was destroyed. That Dudingston did not act wisely, to say the least, in exerting the authority he did, without first exhibiting his commission, is evident. But it is certain, that in sending some ofthe property seized by him, within the jurisdiction ofthe county of Kent, in Rhode Island, to Boston, there to be adjudi cated upon by the court of vice admiralty, he was clearly in the wrong; as an act of Parliament expressly declares that such seiz ures shall be adjudicated in the colony where the seizure is made. The goods here referred to, consisted of twelve hogsheads of rum, and some sugars, which were on board a sloop, bound from Greenwich to Newport, and were the property of Jacob Greene & Co., of Warwick.* Dudingston seems to have been aware that this act was an illegal one, as he did not dare to go on shore, having been threatened with a suit at law by the owners of the goods. Next in order, is the destruction of the Gaspee, the narrative of the particulars of which, we shall give, as written by Col. Ephraim Bowen, the last survivor of the party which de stroyed this vessel. Narrative of the Capture and Burning of the British Schooner Gaspee. "In the year 1772, the British government had stationed at Newport, Rhode Island, a sloop of war, with her tender, a schooner, called the Gaspee, of eight guns, commanded by William Dudingston, a lieutenant in the British navy, for * The firm consisted of Jacob, William, Elisha, Christopher and Perry Greene. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 69 the purpose of preventing the clandestine landing of articles, subject to the payment of duty. The captain of this schooner made it his practice to stop and board all vessels entering or leaving the ports of Rhode Island, or leaving Newport for Providence. On the 10th day of June, 1772, Capt. Thomas Lindsey left Newport, in his packet for Providence, about noon, with the wind at the north ; and soon after, the Gaspee was under sail, in pursuit of Lindsey, and continued the chase as far as Nam quit Point, which runs off from the farm in Warwick, about seven miles below Providence, now owned by Mr. John Brown Francis, our late Governor. Lindsey was standing easterly, with the tide on ebb about two hours, when he hove about, at the end of Namquit Point, and stood to the westward ; and Dudingston, in close chase, changed his course, and ran on the Point, near its end, and grounded. Lindsey continued on his course up the river, and arrived at Providence about sunset, when he immediately informed Mr. John Brown, one of our first and most respectable mer chants, of the situation of the Gaspee. He immediately con cluded that she would remain immovable until after midnight, and that now an opportunity offered of putting an end to the trouble and vexation she daily caused. Mr. Brown immediately resolved on .her destruction, and he forthwith directed one of his trusty shipmasters to collect eight of the largest long boats in the harbor, with five oars to each ; to have the oars and row-locks well muffled, to prevent noise, and to place them at Fenner's Wharf, directly opposite to the dwelling of Mr. James Sabin, who kept a house of board and entertainment for gentlemen ; being the same house purchased a few years after, by the late Welcome Arnold, one of our en terprising merchants ; and is now owned by, and is the resi dence of Col. Richard J. Arnold, his son.* * " This house, then unfinished, was occupied as au inn. It was soon after purchased aDd completed by Welcome Arnold, who resided there, till his death, in 1798. It then be came the residence of his eldest son, Samuel G. Arnold, father of the writer [the Hon 70 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. About the time of the shutting up of the shops, soon after sunset, a man passed along the main street, beating a drum, and informing the inhabitants of the fact that the Gaspee was aground on Namquit Point, and would not float off until three o'clock, the next morning ; and inviting those persons who felt a disposition to go and destroy that troublesome vessel, to repair in the evening to Mr. James Sabin's house. About nine o'clock, I took my father's gun, and my powder horn and bullets, and went to Mr. Sabin's, and found the south-east room full of people, where I loaded my gun, and all remained there till about ten o'clock, some casting bullets in the kitchen, and others making arrangements for departure, when orders were given to cross the street to Fenner's Wharf, and embark ; which soon took place, and a sea captain acted as steersman of each boat ; of whom, I recollect Capt. Abraham Whipple, Capt. John B. Hopkins (with whom I embarked), and Capt. Benjamin Dunn. A line, from right to left was soon formed, with Capt. Whipple on the right, and Capt. Hopkins on the right of the left wing. The party thus proceeded, till within about sixty yards of the Gaspee, when a sentinel hailed, "Who comes there?" No answer. He hailed again, and no answer. In about a minute, Dudingston mounted the starboard gun wale, in his shirt, and hailed, " Who comes there ?" No an swer. He hailed again, when Capt. Whipple answered as follows : "lam the sheriff of the county of Kent, G-d d — n you. I have got a warrant to apprehend you, G-d d — n you ; so surrender, G-d d — n vou." Samuel G. Arnold], and subsequently of his youngest sod, Richard J. Arnold, the presen t owner, who has altered and enlarged it materially, within a few years. It is now the win ter residence ofthe author of this history. The house is No. 124, on the east side of South Main Street, on the north-east corn r of Planet Street. This brief sketch may find an excuse in the rich revolutionary associations that surround it. The year before his death, Col. Ephraim Bowen, the last survivor of the Gaspee expedition, wrote an account of that affair, which was engrossed by his daughter, and now hangs in the dining room of the old mansion ; the identical room in which the plot was laid." — Note to Arnold's Hist, of Khode Island, Vol. IJ. p. 312. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 71 I took my seat on the main thwart, near the larboard row lock, with my gun by my right side, facing forwards. As soon as Dudingston began to hail, Joseph Bucklin, who was standing on the main thwart, by my right side, said to me, " Ephe, reach me your gun, and I can kill that fellow." I reached it to him, accordingly ; when, during Capt. Whipple's replying, Bucklin fired, and Dudingston fell ; and Bucklin ex claimed, " I have killed the rascal." In less than a minute after Capt. Whipple's answer, the beats were alongside of the Gaspee, and boarded without op position. The men on deck retreated below, as Dudingston entered the cabin. As soon as it was discovered that he was wounded, John Maw ney, who had for two or three years been studying physic and sur gery, was ordered to go into the cabin, and dress Dudingston's wound, and I was directed to assist him. On examination, it was found the ball took effect about five inches directly below the navel. Dudingston called for Mr. Dickinson to produce bandages and other necessaries, for the dressing of the wound, and when finished, orders were given to the schooner's com pany to collect their clothing, and every thing belonging to them, and put them into their boats, as all of them were to be sent on shore. All were soon collected, and put on board of the boats, in cluding one of our boats. They departed, and landed Dud ingston at the old Still-house Wharf, at Pawtuxet, and put the chief into the house of Joseph Rhodes. Soon after, all the party were ordered to depart, leaving one boat for the leaders of the expedition ; who soon set the vessel on fire, which consumed her to the water's edge. The names of the most conspicuous actors in this remark able event, are as follows, viz : Mr. John Brown,* Captains * John Bkown, and his brother Joseph Brown, were (as Admiral Montagu observes in his letter to Governor Wanton,) among the most prominent citizens of Providence. This family, as is well known to the people of Rhode Island, have ever been amoDg its most dis tinguished citizens. The first of them, Chad Brown, was one of the five associates of Roger Williams, who were the earliest founders of the State. John Brown, at the period referred to, was the 72 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. Abraham Whipple,* John B. Hopkins,f Benjamin Dunn and five others, whose names I have forgotten ; and John Maw ney,! Benjamin Page,§ Joseph Bucklin|| and Turpin Smith,1f leading merchant in the colony. He was also distinguished as an earnest patron of litera ture and science ; being among the founders of Brown University, and otherwise contribut ing liberally for the encouragement of science. His brother Moses, who died Sept. fi, 1836, in his 99th year, was a distinguished philanthropist and encouragcr of education. Obadiah, his cousin, was the founder ofthe Friends' Boarding School. The descendants of these brothers, have been equally distinguished iu commerce, naviga tion and manufactures, as well as liberal benefactors of our literary and charitable institutions. •~ Abraham Whipple was captain of a merchantman, in the West India trade. During the French war, he commanded the " Game Cock," a celebrated privateer, which, in one cruise, took twenty-three prizes. His shrewdness and bravery, led to his selection as captain ofthe party which destroyed the Gaspee. On the breaking out ofthe revolutionary war, he became a commander in the American navy, and rendered his country most important service. t John 3. Hopkins, was a son of Commodore Esek Hopkiijs, a distinguished officer ofthe revolution, and nephew of Gov. Stephen Hopkins, one ofthe signers of the declaration of In dependence. He commanded the ship Cabot, one of the fleet that sailed from Rhode Island, February 17, 1770. In an action that took place on this cruise, he was severely wounded. t John Mawney, was a descendant of one of the Huguenot families, that came to this country about the year 1700. He was educated to the profession of medicine; though, hav ing inherited an ample estate, he never practised it to a very great extent. He was at one time, a colonel in the Rhode Island militia, and afterwards sheriff of the county of Provi dence. He was distinguished for his classical attainments, and to the close of his loDg life read with unabated interest, the Greek and Latin poets. He suffered greatly iu the public esteem, on account of his bold and unblushing irreverence and infidelity. It i.s believed that there are none of his descendants now living; it is certain that there are none in the male line. He died at a great age, on his estate, in that part of Cranston, now known as Elmwood. § Benjamin Page, was a prominent ship master, and for many years commander ofa ship in the East India trade. I Joseph Bucklin, was well known in Providence, and kept a prominent restaurant, or place of resort, in South Main Street, where gentlemen resorted for their suppers. Here, too, they assembled, to discuss politics; and where, possibly, the expedition which de stroyed the Gaspee, was discussed, as well as at Mr. Sabins's house, which was near it. ^[ Turpin Smith, after the revolution, became a prominent shipmaster; in which pursuit, he accumulated a handsome property. After his retirement from maritime life, he lived in Providence, greatly respected and beloved, discharging faithfully all the duties of a good citizen. He attained to more than four score years, and left to his posterity the rich in? heritance of an unspotted name. Extract from the Providence Journal, relative to the Gaspee affair, in the celebration of the 4th of July, 1826, the fiftieth anniversary. In speaking ofthe parties in the procession, the account says : "After these, the four surviving captors ofthe King's armed schooner Gaspee, rode in an elegant barouche, procured by Mr. Blake, ofthe Franklin House, expressly for this occasion. Mr. Blake, himself, appeared on the box, and managed with great dexterity, the four spirited horses attached to tho carriage. It was a matter of most interesting association and recollection, to witness these four sur viving lads, who burnt the Gaspee (as the orator so happily termed them), at the end of fifty-four years, riding in a splendid equipage, and receiving the award of a republican tri» 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 73 my youthful companions ; all of whom are dead, I believe, every man of the party, excepting myself; and my age is eighty-six years, this 29th day of August, 1839. EPHRAIM BOWEN."* Colonel Bowen is in error as to the day on Avhich the Gaspee was destroyed. He gives it as the 10th ; whereas, it is cer tain that it was on the night of the 9th of June. Capt. Lind- sey's sloop, called the Hannah, according to the Providence Gazette, of June 13, arrived at Newport on Monday the 8th, from New York, where she reported her cargo at the custom house ; and on the following day, proceeded up the bay, to Providence, chased by the Gaspee. The attack was planned and carried into execution on the night of the 9th, by the burning of the vessel ; but as the destruction was not complete until the morning of the 10th, either day is applicable to the event. The proclamation of Governor Wanton, in relation to the affair, which is dated on the 12th, says the vessel was de stroyed on " the 9th instant, in the night." -Col. Bowen is also in error, as to the name of the captain, which was Benja min, and not Thomas Lindsey.f Mr. John Mawney, who was one of the party conspicuous umph, for a deed, the commission of which, at that time, had well nigh caused them to ride in a cart to Execution Dock, or to be drawn on a hurdle to Tyburn, for high treason ; an event they anticipated as vastly more likely, than that in 1826, the jubilee of American free dom, they should become the time honored objects of the greatest interest to an immense concourse of citizens, thronging the streets, and crowding to the altar of freedom, to offer up the sacrifices and thanksgivings of a great, prosperous and free people. These four veterans, Col. Ephraim Bowen, Capt. Benjamin Page, Col. John Mawney and Capt. Turpin Smith, are among our most respected citizens ; and on this occasion, the spirit that first animated them, in 1772, seemed to kindle anew in their still vigorous frames. We believe, from the present ages of these veterans, they were all not over twenty years of age, at the time of the attack upon the Gaspee." * The compiler of the present history of the Gaspee affair, was well acquainted with the venerable Col. Bowen, and often rode in his chaise with him, between Provi dence and his residence, in Pawtuxet. On these occasions, the Colonel liked to give his revolutionary remniscenes ; among which, his connexion with the destruction of the Gas pee, was prominent. Tbe writer also remembers John Mawney and Turpin Smith, who, with Col. Bowen, always had a prominent place in the proceedings connected with the 4th of July celebrations in Providence. — J. R. B. t Arnold's History of Rhode Island. Vol II. p. 320. VOL. VII. 10 74 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. in the affair, published in the Providence American and Ga zette, in the year 1826, a statement, in which some additional facts are given. After hearing the drum beat, he hastened to Mr. Sabin's, the place of rendezvous, where he learned the object of the meeting ; and on being urged by some of his acquaintances, was induced to accompany them, as surgeon. Statement of Dr. John Mawney. " To this," he says, " I readily consented, and went to Corlis' wharf, with Capt. Joseph Tillinghast, who commanded the barge, it being the last boat that put off ; and in going down, we stopped at Capt. Cooke's Wharf, where we took in staves and paving stones ; which done, followed our com mander, and came up with them a considerable distance down the river ; after which, we rowed along pretty rapidly, till we came in sight of the schooner, when Capt. (the late Commodore Whipple,) ordered us to form a line, which was instantly complied with ; after which, we rowed gently along, till we got near the schooner ; when we were hailed from on board, with the words, ' Who comes there Vy Capt. Whipple replied, ' I want to come oh board.' The reply was, ' Stand off, you can't come on board.' On which Capt. Whipple roared out, ' I am the sheriff of the county of Kent ; I am come for the commander of this vessel, and have him I will, dead or alive ; men, spring to your oars !' when we were in an instant on her bows. I was then sitting with Capt. Tillinghast, in the stern of the barge, and sprang immediately forward ; and seeing a rope hang down her bows, seized it, to help myself in. The rope slipping, I fell almost to my waist in the water ; but, being active and nimble, I recovered, and was the first of our crew on deck ; when Simeon H. Olney handed me a stave, with which, seeing one that I took to be of the crew of the schooner, floundering below the windlass, I was in the attitude of lev- 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 75 elling a stroke, when he cried out, ' John, don't strike." Being very intimately acquainted wifh Capt. Samuel Dunn, I knew his voice, left him, and sprang back of the windlass, where there was commotion and noise, but which soon sub sided ; the crew jumping down the hold, I immediately fol lowed, when I ordered them to bring cords to tie their hands, and told them they should not be hurt, but be sent on shore. They brought some tarred strings, with which I tied the hands of two behind, when John Brown, Esq., called to me, saying I was wanted immediately on deck, where I was instantly helped. When I asked Mr. Brown what was the matter, he replied, ' Don't call names, but go immediately into the cabin, there is one wounded, and will bleed to death.' I hastened into the cabin, and found Lieut. Dudingston in a sitting posture, gently reclining to the left, bleeding profusely, with a thin, white woolen blanket, loose about him, which I threw aside, and discovered the effect of a musket ball, in his left groin ; and thinking the femoral artery was cut, threw open my waistcoat, and taking my shirt by the collar, tore it to my waistband, when Mr. Dudingston said, ' Pray sir, don't tear your clothes, there is linen in that trunk ;' upon which, I requested Joseph Bucklin to break open the trunk, and tear linen and scrape lint, which he immediately attempt ed ; but finding the linen new and strong, could not make the lint. I then directed him to place his hands as I had mine, which was, the ball of my left hand on the orifice of the wound ; and gave him the word to slip his hand under mine, and to press hard, to prevent the effusion of blood ; which being done, I went to the linen, and attempted to scrape it into lint, but found I could not effect it. As daylight was fast coming on, and our time short, I then tore the linen into strips, for com presses and the necessary bandages ; which was done, by knotting them into long strips, placed the compresses five or six deep, and with the ligatures by the lieutenant. 76 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. All being prepared, I told Bucklin to raise his hands, when I instantly placed the compresses on the orifice ; and placing the bandage round the thigh, over the wound, and crossing it above, drew tight, so that the effusion of blood was stopped. During the operation, I was several times called upon at the door, but was not ready. When the door was opened, many rushed in, and attacked the bottles. I having boots on, stamped on them, and requested others to assist, which was readily done. During this, Mr. Dudingston was carried out of the room, and I never saw him after, notwithstanding I had several invitations, through Dr. Henry Sterling. When I came on deck, I saw Capt. Tillinghast, and some others. We got into the boat, and rowed up the river a cer tain distance, and went by land up to town ; when Capt. Til linghast, who was then living with me, after taking breakfast, went on the hiil to view the smoking ruins of the vessel, which was all in flames soon after we left it.* JOHN MAWNEY." This statement of Dr. Mawney, differs somewhat from that of Col. Bowen, though in nothing that is material. It is quite natural, that among so many men, incidents might take place which all did not observe. The attention of the doctor was particularly directed to the wounded officer ; though, it would appear that he had been as ready to inflict, as to cure wounds. " From a subsequent statement of Dr. Mawney, it appears that Lieut. Dudingston was not wanting in gratitude to his surgeon. After his wound was dressed, he offered Dr. Maw ney a gold stock buckle, as a testimonial of his gratitude. * The Providence Gazette, of June 13, 1772, after giving an account ofthe burning of the Gaspee, adds the following •: " We hear that one Daggett, belonging to the Vineyard, who had served the beforemen- tioned schooner, as a pilot, but at the time of her being destroyed, was on hoard the Beaver sloop of war, on going ashore a few days since, at Narragansett, to a sheep-shearing, was seized by the company, who cut off his hair, and performed on him the operation of shear ing, in such a manner, that bis ears and nose were in imminent danger." 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 77 This was refused ; but a silver one was afterwards offered and accepted, and worn by Dr. Mawney, but a little while before his death."* The first official notice of the destruction of the Gaspee, is a letter from Deputy Governor Sessions, to Governor Wanton, written the day following that event, after he had paid a visit to Lieut. Dudingston, at Pawtuxet. It appears that the first act of the Deputy Governor, on hearing of the affair, was to see the wounded officer, and endeavor to do all that lay in his power to ameliorate his sufferings, and administer to his comforts. Deputy Governor Sessions to the Governor of Rhode Island. Providence, June 11, 1772. Sir : — A very disagreeable affair has lately happened within this part of the colony. Last Tuesday night, as His Majesty's schooner, the Gaspee, lay aground on the point of land, caUed Namquit, a little below Pawtuxet, she was boarded in a hostile manner, by a number of persons unknown, who, in the attack, dangerously wounded the commander, William Dudingston, by firing a pistol or musket ball through his arm, from whence it passed and entered near his groin, and is now lodged in some part of his body. As soon as they had secured the possession of the vessel, they took out the captain, with all the people ; the greater part being first pinioned, put them into boats, and then put them ashore, on the main land, near Pawtuxet ; after which, they put fire to the schooner, which soon reduced her to ashes, down to the water's edge. Upon my receiving the news, I immediately set out for Pawtuxet, attended by some gentlemen from this town, went directly to Capt. Dudingston, told him if he needed any money, surgeons, or a removal of his person to a place more conven ient, I would give him all the assistance in my power. He replied, he wanted no favors with respect to himself, but only desired some care might be taken of his people, that they might be collected together, and sent either to Boston, to the admiral, or else to the Beaver, at Newport, which I prom ised to take care to do. I then informed him, that the design of my visit, at that time, was not only to af ford him any rehef his circumstances might require, but also to gain a declaration from his own mouth respecting the attack that had been made on his person, and the vessel he commanded, that the perpetrators might be brought to justice. He answered, he would give me no account of the matter. First, because of his indisposition of body ; and secondly, because it was his duty to forbear any thing of the nature till he had done it to his commanding officer, at a court martial, to which, if he lived, he must be called ; but if he died, he desired it might all die with him. * Judge Staples'.? Documentary History, p. 10. 78 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. I then asked him if he was willing I should examine any of his officers and people. He said he was willing. I then proceeded to examine a number of them, they all agreeing nearly to the same thing ; and herewith convey to Your Plonor copies ofthe most material of their declarations. The dangerous tendency of this transaction, is too obvious, to pass it over with the least appearance of neglect ; and therefore, doubt not Your Honor will give it due attention, and prosecute sueh measures as wisdom and prudence shall dictate. It is the prevailing opinion of the gentlemen in this quarter, that a proclamation, with a large reward, be issued, for apprehending the persons who have thus offended. You will please consult the gentlemen your way ; and, in the mean time, I will en deavor to collect the sentiments of the members of the Assembly, and other princi pal gentlemen by name, and send the same to Yrour Honor, as soon as may be. I am, &c, &c, DARIUS SESSIONS. To Governor Wanton. Enclosed in this letter, were the following affidavits : Affidavit of Bartholomew Cheever. The examination of Bartholomew Cheever, seaman, lately belonging to His Maj esty's schooner, the Gaspee, taken by Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor of the colony of Rhode Island, &c, is as followeth, viz. -. That the said schooner, being bound from Newport up to Providence, to take on board some of His Majesty's seamen, that were expected from Boston, did, on the 9th of this instant, at about three o'clock, in the afternoon of said day, run aground on a point of land, about six miles below the town of Providence, where she, .the said schooner, lay until twelve o'clock, at night, at which time, he, the said Cheever, was called upon deck, to take the watch. About three-quarters of an hour after wards, the schooner yet being aground, he observed some long boats, about six or seven in number, full of men, drawing near to the schooner ; upon which, he in formed the commander, Capt. Dudingston, who immediately came on deck, and or-? dered him to hail them, and bid them stand off, on their peril ; to which they an swered, " D — n you, we have you.'- The captain then ordered him to call all hands on deck, which he did ; but before many of them got up, the boats were alongside, and the crews getting on board ; and as they were entering the schooner, he saw the flash and heard the report of a musket, and heard the captain cry out, he was a dead man. We were then ordered into the hold, and taken out separately, and put into the boat alongside, the most of us being pinioned, and then put on shore on the main land ; where we had not been long, before we saw the schooner on fire, where she continued burning, till the fire reached the water's edge. Question— Did you, or do you know, or do you remember, ever to have seen be fore, any of those persons that boarded the schooner at that time ? Answer— No. jjb BARTHOLOMEW X CHEEVER. mark. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 79 Colony of Rhode Island, &c., •> Warwick, June 10, 1772. \ The abovo named Bartholomew Cheever was solemnly sworn to the truth of the foregoing declaration, to the which he has subscribed as above, before — DARIUS SESSIONS, Deputy Governor. Affidavits of John Johnson and William J. Caple. The examination of John Johnson, boatswain of His Majesty's schooner Gaspee, commanded by WTilliam Dudingston ; together with the examination of Wm. J. Ca ple, a seaman on board said schooner, taken this 10th day of June, in the twelfth year of His Majesty's reign, A. D. 17 72, before the Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Gov ernor, severally sa}': That on the 9th of June, being bound with said schooner, to the town of Provi dence, in order to take on board some of His Majesty's seamen, which were expected from Boston, in order to re-place them on board His Majesty's ship to which they belonged, about three o'clock in the afternoon of said day, the schooner grounded on a point in the Narragansett Bay, about six miles southward of the town of Provi dence ; and about the middle of the night, following, the schooner still being on ground, there being but one hand on deck, he discovered seven or eight long boats, with a number of persons aboard them ; on which, the person on deck informed the commander, Wrm. Dudingston, who hailed the boats, and ordered them to keep off > but the persons on board said boats, not regarding the commander's orders, came near, in order to board said schooner ; on which, the captain or commander, called all hands ; but before he was on deck, we heard two small arms or pistols fired ; and when coining on deck, the schooner was boarded ; aud being in the hatchway, said Johnson received several blows with a stick, and as soon as we were on deck, we were bound, and all the rest ofthe seamen bound likewise, and put on board their boat, and landed on the west side of said bay, together with the captain or com mander, who was much wounded. Question — Have you any knowledge of the persons that boarded the schooner ? Answer — No. his JOHN X JOHNSON. mark. his WILLIAM J. X CAPLE. mark. Colony of Rhode Island, &c., ¦> Warwick, June 10, 1772. \ The within John Johnson and William J. Caple made solemn oath to the truth of the within or foregoing declaration, to which they have subscribed, before — DARIUS SESSIONS, Deputy Governor. 80 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1772. On the following day, June 12, Governor Sessions addressed another letter to Governor Wanton ; the bearer of which, probably brought back to him the proclamation of Governor Wanton, which follows : Deputy Governor Sessions to the Governor of Rhode Island. Providence, June 12, 1772. Sir : — Since I wrote you yesterday, by Hacker, I have received the advice of all the civil authority in this town, as well as an application in writing, signed by a great number of the. most reputable inhabitants, who are unanimously of opinion, and earnestly desire that Your Honor forthwith issue a proclamation, with proper reward, for the apprehending and bringing to justice any and ever}- person that was concerned in destroying the schooner Gaspee, or in assaulting and wounding William Dudingston, the commander of said schooner ; and, if Your Honor finds it expedient to put forth such a proclamation, it is requested that a copy thereof, may be sent by the bearer, who goes express, and has orders to wait until it is deter mined whether a proclamation be issued or not ; and if it be, to bring it back with him timely, that it may be inserted in our newspaper to-morrow. Some, exceptions arc taken at the Gaspee's being called His Majesty's schooner, as it is thought by some, she, in fact, really was not, and consequently did not de serve that appellation. If the evidence we have in that respect, be. sufficient to denominate her a King's vessel, she ought to be called so ; if not, then only without any compliment, the schooner Gaspee ; which is submitted to Your Honor's better knowledge and dis cretion, by — Your Honor's most humble servant, DARIUS SESSIONS. P. S. — Dr. Sterling, who attends Capt. Dudingston, informed us yesterday that he was in a fair way to recover of his wounds. To Governor Wanton. To the Hon. Joseph Wanton, Esq., at Newport. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 81 Proclamation of the Governor of Rhode Island, relative to the Destruction of the Gaspee. By the Honorable Joseph Wanton, Esquire, Governor, Captain General and Com mander in Chief of, and over the Enghsh Colony of Rhode Island and Provi dence Plantations, in New England, in America — A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, on Tuesday, the 9th inst., in the night, a number of people unknown, boarded His Majesty's armed schooner the Gaspee, as she lay aground on a point of land, called Namquit, a little to the southward of Pawtuxet, in the colony, afore said, wbo dangerously wounded WiUiam Dudingston, the commander, and by force took him, with all his people, put them into boats, and landed them near Pawtuxet, and afterwards set fire to tbe said schooner, whereby she was totally destroyed. I have, therefore, thought fit, by and -with the advice of such of His Majesty's Council as could be seasonably convened, to issue this proclamation, strictly charging and commanding all His Majesty's officers, within the said colony, both civil and military, to exert themselves with the utmost vigilance, to discover and ap prehend the persons guilty of the aforesaid atrocious crime, that they may be brought to condign punishment. And I do hereby offer a reward of one hundred pounds, sterling money of Great Britain, to any person or persons, who shall discover the perpetrators of the said villainy, to be paid immediately upon the conviction t>f any one or more of them. And the several sheriffs in the said colony,' are hereby required forthwith to cause this proclamation to be posted up in the most public places in each of the towns in their respective counties. Given under my hand and seal at arms, at Newport, tbis 12th day of June, in the twelfth year of the reign of His Most Sacred Majesty George the Third, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, and so forth. Anno Dom. 1772. J. WANTON. By His Honor's command: HENRY WARD, Secretary. God save the King. VOL. VII. 11 82 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. Notwithstanding the wound of Lieutenant Dudingston, he probably on the morning of the 10th of June, dispatched a mes senger to Admiral Montagu, with the news of the loss of his vessel. The messenger was doubtless William Dickinson, a midship man ; as the following letter, dated the 11th, was received by Governor Wanton, from the admiral, endorsing the deposi tion of Dickinson. Admiral Montagu to the Governor of Rhode Island. Boston, 11th June, 1772. Sir : — Enclosed I transmit Your Excellency a deposition taken before me, of the piratical proceedings of the people of Providence, in Rhode Island government, by attacking His Majesty's schooner with an armed force, wounding her commander in a dangerous manner, and then setting her on fire. I am to request Your Excellency will use such methods as you shall think proper, for apprehending and bringing the offenders to justice. I am now dispatching a sloop to England with the account I enclose to you ; and am, &c, &c, J. MONTAGU. To His Excellency Governor Wanton. The deposition enclosed, was that of William Dickinson, which was as follows : Deposition of William Dickinson. William Dickinson, midshipman of His Majesty's schooner Gaspee, sayeth : That the said schooner was at single anchor about three leagues below Provi dence, in Rhode Island government, 10th of June, 1772, and about half past twelve o'clock, in the night or morning, the watch gave the alarm that a number of boats were coming down the river, and very near us (being an exceeding dark night), we hailed them, and ordered them to keep off They instantly gave us three cheers ; on which, we fired at them with muskets, which they immediately returned with a half a dozen muskets (or thereabouts). We then fired our pistols, on which they boarded us upon the starboard bow, and fired a number of small arms. Immediately Lieutenant Dudingston (her com mander,) cried out, " Good God, I am done for." He was wounded in his groin and arm. WTiile we were disputing forward, relative to their boarding us, three other boats boarded us, upon the quarter. In the three boats which boarded us upon the quar^ ter, there were thirty or forty men, at least ; and in the whole, I suppose about one hundred and fifty in number, on which we thought proper (the lieutenant being wounded,) to surrender. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 83 When they had got possession of the schooner, they used the people very ill, by pinioning of them, and throwing them into their boats, and refused the lieu tenant and officers any necessaries but what they had on, and not even suffered the commanding officer to have his papers, and robbed his servant of several silver spoons, and throwed his linen and apparel overboard. We were then sent ashore, in two different boats ; the lieutenant and part ofthe men in one boat, and myself with the rest of the people in the other boat, at the distance of about two miles asunder, as we found at daylight. I remained on the beach ; and about half past three o'clock, saw the schooner on fire ; and about half past four, I saw three boats put off from her, full of men, and rowed up towards Providence ; and an hour after, another boat came by her, and landed her men at Pawtuxet. Questions by Admiral Montagu. Q. — How long bad you been lying in Providence River ? A. — We came to an anchor there, at about four o'clock, in the afternoon of the 9th of June. Q — Had you sent any boat ashore. A. — No ; but employed sounding the harbor. Q. — Had you been at Providence before, during the time you were upon that station ? A.— No. Q. — Do you imagine that the people who boarded you, came from Providence ? A. — Yes ; I beheve the most part, but cannot say all, as one boat landed her men at Pawtuxet. Q. — Wliat distance is Pawtuxet from Providence, by land ? A. — Five miles. Q. — WTiat distance were the boats from the schooner, when they were first seen? A. — I was not upon deck at first, myself; but when I saw them, they were about one hundred yards. Q. — WLy did you not fire your great guns at them ? A. — They boarded us upon the bows, and were so near to us, that we had not time to get our guns out at the bow ports. Q. — -Did any of the people that boarded you, appear like gentlemen ? A. — Yes ; many of them appeared hke men of credit and tradesmen ; and but few like common men. Q. — Did they make use of any opprobrious language ? A. — Yes ; by threatening to put the lieutenant to death, and calling us piratical rascals. Q. — W-Tiere did you leave the Beaver ? A. — Off Golden Island, in the mouth of Seaconnet Passage. Q. — What distance from you ? A. — About twenty-five miles. Q. — Could she be in sight when this happened ? A. — No ; the main land is between. Q. — Is there any thing more that you can recollect ? A. — Yes ; one of the people took me by the collar, and said, " D — n you, where 84 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. is your pilot Daggett ?" I answered, he was discharged six weeks ago. He an swered, " D — n your blood, you lie ;" and said they would find him, and flee him alive. Q. — Did they suffer the lieutenant to put on any clothes, after he was wounded ? A. No ; he was in his shirt, with his great coat over his shoulders, and a blanket round his body. Q. — Was any other person wounded, except the lieutenant ? A. — Yes ; one in the head. And I further declare, that when Lieutenant Dudingston came on deck, I saw him go and stand by the starboard foreshrouds, in his shirt, with a pistol in one hand and a hanger in the other. After he was wounded, he got aft, and sat down by the cabin companion way, when the two ring-leaders, with a number following them, came to him, and said : " Now, you piratical rascal, we have got you. D — n you, we will hang you all by the laws of Great' Britain. D — n you, what made you fire, when we answered you that the head sheriff was in the boat ?" The captain (N. B. The head sheriff and captain are fictitious names that the ring-leaders went by) said, " Stand aside, let me dispatch the piratical dog." He then bfted a handspike over Mr. Dudingston's head, who asked " if they would give no quarters ?" They answered " No." He then desired they would let me bind up his wounds, for he was shot, and showed them the wound in his left arm. They then said, " D — n your blood, you are shot by your own people." He was then taken down into the cabin, by some of the mob. They then pin ioned me, and put me into the boat, where I remained for half an hour ; when one ofthe mob called to their people in the boat to loosen me, for the lieutenant wanted me. I went down in the cabin to him. He was laid on the after lockers, and one of the mob washing and binding up bis wounds. The mob then got him on deck, and put him into a boat, and put off. Soon after, I was ordered into the boat again, and put off. In going on shore, I saw a negro with the lieutenant's hanger ; being asked by another how he got it, he said he took it from the captain. Being down in the cabin, with Lieutenant Dudingston, the ring-leaders, and some of the principal of the mob demanded his papers and orders for his proceeding in such piratical manner. I then showed them the commission from the lords of the admiralty, with all his orders and instructions that he had received from the ad miral, which they took and carried away. In going ashore, one of the mob that rowed the boat, said, that he and several more, would not have been there, but that' they were taken out of a house by force, and compelled to go ; that they beat a drum round the town of Providence, in the evening, to raise a mob. W. DICKINSON. Province of the Massachusetts Bay, | Suffolk, sc. Boston, June 11, 1772. } The above named William Dickinson, personally appearing, maketh solemn oath to the truth ofthe foregoing deposition, as written upon this and the six preceding pages, which is taken at the request of tbe Honorable John Montagu, Esq. Before me, EDMUND QUINCY. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 85 The Governor of Rhode Island to Admiral Montagu, in reply. Newport, June 12, 1772. Sir : — I have this moment received Your Honor's letter, of yesterday, upon the destruction of His Majesty's schooner Gaspee. Upon tbe first information of this unhappy affair, which gives me, and every friend to government, the highest concern, I called together all the members of the General Assembly that I could conveniently, who unanimously advised me to publish the proclamation, of which I enclose you a copy. I have not, as yet, been able to collect all the circumstances of this daring insult upon authority, so as to give you a perfect idea of it ; but by the evidence of three of the people of the Gaspee, taken before His Honor the Deputy Governor, copies of which, I transmit, you will perceive that there is a material difference between them and the account given by William Dickinson. You may rely upon the utmost and continued exertions of the officers of this colony to detect and bring to justice the perpetrators of this violent outrage. I have the pleasure to inform you, that Lieutenant Dudingston is in a fair way of recovery. I am, sir, &c, &c, J. WANTON. To His Honor Admiral Montagu. On the 12th, Lieutenant Dudingston had so far recovered, as to be able to write a letter to Admiral Montagu, wherein he presented his version of the destruction of his vessel. This differs but little from those of Col. Bowen and Dr. Mawney, as to the attack of the boats, his being wounded and the sur render of his vessel to an overpowering force. It will be inferred, however, from the Lieutenant's account, that he and his crew were pretty harshly handled, which may have been true. He had given great offence to the people, by his overbearing conduct, and by his unlawful seizure of prop erty ; so that they were little disposed, in the contest on board his vessel, to treat him kindly. But after he had been taken to Pawtuxet, wounded, every attention was paid him. It is natural, that in stating the case to Admiral Montagu, Dudingston would represent the circumstances as favorable to himself and crew as possible. 86 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. Lieut. Dudingston to Admiral Montagu. Pawtuxet, 12th June, 1772. Sir : — On Wednesday morning, about one o'clock, as His Majesty's schooner was lying upon a spite of sand called Namcutt, the sentinels discovered a number of boats coming down the river, towards us. As soon as I was acquainted with it, I came upon deck, and hailed the boats, for bidding them to eome near the schooner, or I should order them to be fired upon. They made answer, they had the sheriff with them, and must come on board. I told them, the sheriff could not be admitted on board at that time of night ; on which they set set up a halloa, and rowed as fast as they could, towards the vessel's bows. I was then using every means in my power, to get the guns to bear upon them, which I could not affect, as they came right ahead of the vessel, she being aground. I then ordered the men to come forward with their small arms, and pre vent them from boarding. As I was standing myself to oppose them, and making a stroke with my sword, at the man who was attempting to come up, at that instant I found myself disabled in my left arm, and shot through the groin. I then stepped from the gunwale, with an intention to order them retire to close quarters ; but soon saw that most of them were knocked down, and myself twice, (after telling them I was mortally wounded). They damned me, and said I was not wounded ; if I was, my own people had done it. As loss of blood, made me drop down upon deck, they ordered me to beg my life, and commanded the people to surrender. As I saw there was no possibility of defending the vessel against such numbers, who were in every respect armed, and commanded with regularity, by one who personated the sheriff, I thought it best for the people's preservation, to propose to them that I would order them to surrender, if they assured me they should not be hurt ; which they did. I then called out, which was immediately echoed by the people round me, that I had given them orders to surrender. They hurried all the people below, and or dered them up, one by one, and tied their hands behind their backs, then ordered them into different boats. I then begged they would either dispatch me, or suffer my wounds to be dressed ; upon that, they allowed my servant to be unbound, to get me things for dressing, and carried me below. But what was my surprise, when I came down in the cabin, two surgeons were ordered down from the deck, to dress me, who were furnished with drops, and began to scrape lint for that purpose. During this time, I had an opportunity of observing the persons of about a dozen, who were in the cabin. They appeared to me to be merchants and masters of ves sels, who were at my bureau, reading and examining my papers. They promised to let me have the schooner's books, and my clothes ; instead of which, as they were handing me up, to go into the boat, they threw them overboard, or into some of the boats. I was soon afterwards thrust into a boat, almost naked. During the time they were rowing me on shore, I had an opportunity of observing the boat ; which appeared to me, to be a very large long-boat. I saw by the man who steered her, a cutlass lying by him, and directing the men to have their arms ready. As soon as they put off, the sheriff gave them orders to land me on some 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 87 neck, and the boat to come off immediately ; and told me if I did not consent to pay the value of the rum, I must not expect to have any thing belonging to me, saved. I made answer, whatever reparation the law would give, I was ready and willing ; as to my things, they might do with them, as they pleased. They were accordingly going to land me on this neck, when I told them they had better throw me over board. One man, who had a little more humanity than any of the rest, said they had better land me at the Point of Pawtuxet. As I was unable to stand, they un bound five of the men, and gave them a blanket to carry me up. When I was half way on shore, I heard some of the schooner's guns go off, and heard tbe people say she was on fire. I had not been carried far, when the people exclaimed, I was on an. island, and they saw no house ; on which, they laid me down, and went in quest of one. Soon after, they came to acquaint me they saw one, which I was carried to ; a man was immediately dispatched to Providence, for a surgeon. A little after, the people joined me, with the midshipman ; all of whom, that I could persuade, are sent on board His Majesty's sloop Beaver. The schooner is utterly destroyed, and every thing appertaining to her, me, and the schooner's company. If I live, I am not without hope of being able to convict some of the principal people that were with them. The pain, with the loss of blood, rendered me incapable of informing you before of the particulars. There are none of the people any ways wounded, but bruised with handspikes. I am, sir, &c., &c, W. DUDINGSTON. To Admiral Montagu. In the above letter, Dudingston says, that in taking him ashore, they told him, if he " did not consent to pay the value of the rum " he had seized, " he must not expect to have any thing saved belonging " to him ; to which, he made answer, that he was ready to make " any reparation the law would give." It appears, by the following letter, from the collector of cus toms, at Providence, that the owners of the goods referred to, lost no time in laying their hands on his person. William Checkley, to the Commissioners of Customs. [Providence], 12th June, 1772. Honorable Gentlemen : — Hearing this morning, that the high sheriff was gone to arrest Capt. Dudingston, on the suit of Jacob Greene and others, for goods which Capt. Dudingston lately seized in the river, and carried to Boston, I went down im mediately, and found the sheriff had just before arrested him ; a copy of the writ I herewith enclose to Your Honors. I offered to be security for him ; but Capt. Dudingston told me he should not ask 88 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. any person to be security, as he did not expect to hve long, and the sheriff might do as he pleased.- The surgeons told me he was too ill to be moved ; and as I expect the sheriff will use great severity with him, I humbly request Y'our Honors lo give me such direction in the matter as to you shall seem necessary.* I am, &c, &c, WILLIAM CHECKLEY. To the Honorable His Majesty's Commissioners of Customs. On the receipt of Lieutenant Dudingston's letter, of the 12th June, Admiral Montagu addressed the following to Governor Wanton. The only thing that surprised the admiral in the statement of the lieutenant, was, that of his finding two surgeons in the cabin of the Gaspee, when he was taken down wounded ; whence he doubtless inferred, that the attacking party expected to shed blood, and that it was a previously contrived plot. Admiral Montagu to the Governor of Rhode Island. Boston, 15th June, 1772. Sir : — By return of express, I am favored with Your Excellency's letter, and am much obhged for the part you have taken in endeavoring to find out and bring to justice, those rebellious, lawless and piratical people, who were concerned in wound ing the King's lieutenant, and burning his schooner. It will not bear a dispute but that they belonged to Providence, as they were heard by four or five gentlemen that were in the town, and are now here, beating the drum to arms, to raise a body of people to destroy the King's schooner. I have perused the depositions which Your Excellency enclosed ; and although they differ in words, yet the matter is much to the same purpose. I have, since I received yours, received one from Lieutenant Dudingston, whose account nearly agrees with the other, with this addition only : that when he was carried down to his cabin, after he was wounded, he, to his great surprise, found two surgeons, that came off from the shore in the boats, ready to dress his wounds, with drops and scraping of lint ; and at least a dozen of these people who were in the cabin, who were at his bureau reading and examining his papers, appeared to him to be merchants and masters of vessels. It gives me pleasure to hear the lieutenant is in a fair way of recovery. I am, sir, &c., &c, J. MONTAGU. To His Excellency Governor Wanton. * Jacob Greene & Co., the owners of the rum and sugar, referrpd to, commenced a suit at the July term of the court of common pleas, and recovered judgment against Dudingston, for the illegal seizure. 1772.J AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS; 89 Admiral Montagu lost no time transmitting to His Majesty's secretary of state, the Earl of Hillsborough, an account of this affair. His letter is dated on the very day of Governor Wan ton's first letter to him ; and his account of it was given from the version as presented to him by Lieutenant Dudingston, or some one else from the Gaspee, on the day she was destroyed. His account is very brief. The deposition referred to, is doubtless that of William Dick inson, a midshipman of the Gaspee, a copy of which, was transmitted by the admiral to Governor Wanton, in his letter to him, of the 11th June. Admiral Montagu to Lord Hillsborough. Boston, in New England, ¦> 12th June 1772. | My Lord : — I was in hopes I should not have had occasion to trouble Your Lord ship with any pubhc letters, while I have the honor to command on the continent ; but the lawless and piratical people of Rhode Island obliges me to write to you. By the enclosed deposition, Your Lordship will see that this nest of daring smug glers have wounded in a most dangerous manner Lieut. Dudingston, and burnt the King's schooner Gaspee, under his command, for no other cause, except his being dilligent in the discharge of his duty, by giving every proper assistance to the fair trader, and using every endeavor to suppress the illicit trade that is carried on to a great degree, in that province, and which can never be checked unless there are more men-of-war stationed there, to keep the inhabitants in order. I beg leave to refer Your Lordship to the enclosed deposition, for the particulars, and wait Your Lordship's instructions for what is to be done. Permit me to add, that the lieutenant that is wounded, is a sober, dilligent, good officer ; and has most strictly done his duty since I have had the honor of commanding here, frequently at the hazard of his Hfe, in assisting the revenue. Should he survive, which I have little hopes of, I beg leave to recommend him to Your Lordship's favor and pro tection. I have the honor, &c, &c, J. MONTAGU. To the Right Honorable Lord Hillsborough. P. S. Herewith I transmit to Your Lordship copies of letters which have passed between me, Lieutenant Dudingston and the Governor of Rhode Island, which I did not think necessary to trouble Your Lordship with, until this melancholy affair of the schooner happened. J. M. vol. vii. 12 90 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1772. The following is the official account of the destruction of the Gaspee, transmitted by Governor Wanton, to tho Earl of Hillsborough. The Governor of Rhode Island to the Earl of Hillsborough. Newport, Rhode Island, ) June 16, 1772. ii My Lord : — I did myself the honorto -write to Your Lordship on the 20th ultimo. I am now reduced to the necessity of addressing Y^our Lordship upon a most disa greeable subject ; the destruction of the schooner Gaspee, under the command of Lieutenant Wilham Dudingston, by persons unknown. The particulars relating to this unwarrantable transaction, so far as I have been able to collect them, are as follows : On the 9th inst., she run aground on a point of land called Namquit, a httle below Pawtuxet, on the Narragansett River, within this colony. About three. quarters of an hour after twelve o'clock, at night, there being but one hand on deck, six or seven boats, full of men, were by him discovered drawing towards said schooner ;. and before many of her hands had time to get upon deck, was boarded by the people in the boats, who, as soon as they had secured the possession of the schooner, took out the captain and all the people, and set them ashore on the main land ; after which, they set fire to the schooner. In the attack, Mr. Dud ingston was wounded by a ball through his arm, from whence it passed and lodged in some part of his body. Mr. Sessions, the Deputy Governor of this colony, immediately upon hearing of this unhappy affair, went to Mr. Dudingston, and offered him all the help and as sistance in his power ; but Mr. Dudingston said he wanted no favors for himself. The Deputy Governor then told him, that he came not only to. offer him any rehef his distressed circumstances might require, but also to gain a declaration from his own mouth respecting the destruction of the schooner under hk command^ that proper and rigorous measures might be taken to discover and bring the perpetrators to justice. Mr. Dudingston answered, he would give him no account, because of his indispo sition ; and also, because it was his duty to forbear any thing of that kind, till he had done it to his commanding officer, at a court martial, to which, if he lived, he must be called ; but if he died, he desired it might all die with him. The Deputy Governor, with the consent of Mr. Dudingston, then proceeded to examine a number of his men, and, on the 1 lth-j transmitted copies ofthe most mate rial of the examinations to me ; upon the receipt whereof, I immediately convened such of His Majesty's Council and the house of deputies as could be seasonably no tified, and laid before them the proceedings ofthe Deputy Governor, which they highly approved of, and unanimously recommended my issuing a proclamation, with a re ward of £100, sterling, for the discovery of any of the persons concerned in this violent insult upon government, which I cheerfully complied with, and sent them. into the several towns within this colony. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 91 This transaction gives me the utmost uneasiness ; and Your Lordship may be as sured, that the utmost vigilance of the civil authority will not be wanting, to bring the perpetrators to exemplary and condign punishment ; and in justice to the inhab itants of the colony, 1 must hot Omit mentioning, that the conduct of those who committed this outrage, is, by them, universally condemned. I wish, My Lord, those officers who' have lately been sent into this colony, under a pretence of assisting trade, had conducted with that temper, prudence and discretion which persons entrusted with the execution of the laws ought, upon every occasion, to manifest. In my last, I informed Your Lordship, that the inhabitants had been insulted with out any just cause ; and I am extremely sorry that I have still reason to say, that the trade of this colony is interrupted in a most unprecedented and oppressive man ner, without contributing, in the least, to the service of the revenue. Inward bound vessels have been detained several days, without the least cojorable pretext, and then delivered up. One from South Kingstown, for having on board a small quantity of tobacco, of the growth of this colony, which the owner was transporting to Newport, for a mar ket ; another, for haviilg only three or four dozen wine laid in by the captain, for sea stores. The small freight boats, plying between the several towns, with the produce of the colony, are, by the severity of these officers, subjected to great inconvenience, which very sensibly affects the whole colony ; and particularly, the town of Newport, its metropolis, whose inhabitants are principally supplied with the necessaries of hfe by water ; and the obstructions they now experience, have contributed not a little to enhance the price of fuel and provisions, to the great disadvantage of the town ; and in my humble opinion, if such measures are permitted to be pursued, the colony will ere long be involved in the deepest calamity. These, My Lord, are serious and important truths ; and as Your Lordship, from your thorough knowledge of the colony, must be perfectly acquainted with the na ture and extent of our trade, tlie profits of which, ultimately centering in Great Britain, for the purchase of her manufactures, I have no room to doubt of Your Lordship's interposition in behalf of this colony, that all cause of complaint against any of the King's officers stationed here, may be removed, and the inhabitants treated with that respect which is due to the subjects of His Britannic Majesty. As a proof, My Lord, that the trade of this colony stands upon as fair and legal a footing as the trade of any part of His Majesty's dominions, out of two hundred sail of vessels which have entered this port since the 1st day of March last, only two in that number have been prosecuted and condemned for breach of acts of trade, one of which, belongs to the Massachusetts Bay, notwithstanding they have been searched and rummaged with the greatest severity. These two vessels, al though seized and condemned here, were sent by Capt. Linzee, of the Beaver, and Lieut. Dudingston, to Boston, for sale, in direct opposition to the orders of the court of vice admiralty, within this colony ; and the marshal of the said court prevented by force from libelling one of these vessels for payment of the mariners' wages. These, My Lord, are but a few of the many grievances which the people of this colony have been for months past harrassed and perplexed with ; but as the Gen eral Assembly will soon be convened, I make no doubt they will order a more par ticular remonstrance to be made. Iu the mean time, permit me, My Lord, to implore your attention to the com- 92 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. plaints of a much abused and injured people, whose loyalty and affection to their sovereign, claims Your Lordship's countenance and patronage.* I am, &c, &c, J. WANTON. To the Right Honorable the Earl of Hillsborough. " There is little room to doubt," as Judge Staples observes, ! ' but that Governor Wanton and the officers of the colony would have been satisfied that the authors of the mischief should remain undiscovered ; although their duty as officers, and their interests, required them to exhibit a great zeal and loyalty on the occasion. On the other hand, Admiral Montagu and his brother officers in the navy and revenue, were sincere in their exertions to bring the perpetrators to condign punishment." This appears from the following letter, relative to the deposition of the negro Aaron, which is often referred to in the proceedings which follow. * The following extract ofa letter, relating to the Gaspee affair, is found with the cor respondence of Admiral Montagu, in the state paper office. It does not appear to whom it wa* written. " Charles Dudley, Esq., .to Rhode Island, 23d July, 1772. * * The attack upon the Gaspee was not the effect of sudden passion and resentment, but of cool deliberation and fore-thought. * It had long been determined she should be destroyed. The paragraph in the enclosed newspaper, under the Newport head, was the prelude to the diabolical scene. * * The next public step, was a memorial or petition from the merchants in Providence ; first laid before the superior court of judicature, then sitting in the town, and afterwards before the Governor, praying that the commander of an armed vessel, then cruising in the bay, should be called upon by the civil authority, to know by what powers he was authorised to search ships and other vessels on the high seas ; though it was notorious that the armed Vessel in question, sailed under British colors, and belonged to His Britannic Majesty. The piece from the paper, Newport, February 24, speaks of an armed schooner, that had seized ten or twelve hogsheads of rum the first part of last week ; also, last Thursday, three hogsheads of molasses, belonging to a poor man. Some say, this piratical schooner belongs to King George the Third; but we should think it a little below His Br-t-n-c Majesty, to keep men-of-war employed in robbing same of his poorest subjects," 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 93 Admiral Montagu to the Governor of Rhode Island. Boston, 8th July, 1772. Sir : — By express, last night, from Capt. Linzee, of His Majesty's sloop Beaver, I received the enclosed account ; and, although it comes from a negro man, it carries with it the appearance of truth, as it agrees in many circumstances with Lieutenant Dudingston's letter (to me), and also with the deposition ofthe midshipman of the Gaspee ; added to this, a man belonging to the Gaspee, swears to this negro's being in the boat that put him ashore, and challenged him as soon as he saw him come on board the Beaver. These corroborating circumstances, put it out of all doubt with me, that he was actually concerned in taking and burning the King's schooner. And as he has im peached several others that were concerned in that piratical act, I am to beg Your Excellency will get the people mentioned in the enclosed account, apprehended, that they may be examined before you, in the presence of Lieutenant Dudingston, who, I dare say, will remember the person of the surgeon that dressed his wounds ; and may possibly recollect the persons of Potter and Brown, who appear to me, to have been the ring-leaders in destroying His Majesty's schooner. As this affair was transacted in Your Excellency's government, I must totally rely on you, to have these people secured, and (if there is sufficient proof against them) brought to justice. I doubt not but that you will exert yourself as much as is in your power ; and I flatter myself, that, with your assistance, the King will have justice done him, and the offenders brought to punishment ; which I hope will in future prevent the King's officers from being, upon all occasions, insulted, and check the lawless and piratical behaviour of the people of Rhode Island. I am, sir, &c, &c, J. Montagu. To His Excellency Governor Wantom P. S. I should be glad if Your Excellency would inforni me, whether this act was committed on the high seas, or in the body of the county ; if on the former, I doubt not but, as one of the commissioners, you will use every proper method to get them apprehended, that they may be tried. If you should think it proper to take the negro's deposition on oath, I should be glad if you would suffer a proper person to go on board the Swan, to take it ; and that you will favor me with a copy of it. Statement of the Negro Aaron. Aaron, a negro man, has declared that he rowed from Providence, the evening His Majesty's schooner Gaspee was burnt, towards Warren, where he met a man, called Potter, of Bristol, in a rowing boat, with eight men, armed with pistols, guns and clubs ; the said Potter desired him to go with him. In consequence of Potter's desire, I rowed by his boat, until I came within a quarter of a mile of the King's schooner, that was on shore on a spite of land. I then got into Potter's boat, by his desire ; he told me, with others, that he was to join other boats, that were coming down from Providence, in order to burn the King's 94 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. schooner, that lay on shore. In about half an hour after, we joined seventeen boats from Providence, commanded, as they informed me, by John Brown. Immediately after the boats joined company, we rowed towards the schooner ; be fore we came close to the schooner, they hailed the boats, and forbid them coming on board ; but notwithstanding the officer of the schooner forbidding the boats to come on board, we had orders to row up to the schooner ; which we did imme diately, and boarded her. 1 saw Brown fire a musket when in the boat, under the bows ; the captain of the schooner immediately fell from the place he was standing on ; the surgeon, that was ordered to dress the captain, was a tall, thin man, called Weeks, of Warwick; very soon after we got on board the schooner, the mens' hands, belonging to the schooner, were tied behind their backs, and put in boats and put on shore. I rowed the bow oar in the boat that the captain came on shore in ; I think there were five people belonging to the schooner, in the boat. The captain lay abaft all the oars ; Potter, of Bristol, was in the boat, and John Brown, of Providence ; Brown steered the boat on shore ; I had on a red and white spotted handkerchief, tied on my head, and two frocks on my body. A list of five men's names, that were concerned in destroying His Majesty's schooner Gaspee : John Brown and Joseph Brown, principal men of the town of Providence : Simeon Potter, of Bristol ; Doctor Weeks, of Warwick ; Richmond, of Providence. N. B. One of the Gaspee's men declared, as soon as he saw the negro, that he was the man that rowed the bow oar in the boat he went on shore in ; and that he assisted the negro to row the oar. Admiral Montagu, at the same time, communicated the par ticulars which he had obtained from Aaron, to the Earl of Hillsborough. He also takes the occasion to add remarks rela tive to the character of the leading men supposed to have been implicated in the burning of the Gaspee, which are not at all flattering. Here follows his letter. Admiral Montagu to the Earl of Hillsborough. Boston, 11th July, 1772. My Lord : — Since I had the honor of writing to Your Lordship last, I have re ceived an express from Capt. Linzee, of His Majesty's sloop Beaver, at Rhode Is land, informing me he had discovered and detained an indented black servant, who was in one ofthe boats that boarded the Gaspee schooner; that one ofthe men now on board the Beaver (late of the Gaspee), remembered the man the moment he saw him. Enclosed, I transmit to Your Lordship the said black man's deposition (on being examined), by which Your Lordship will be able to judge of the people concerned, and of the measures necessary to be taken. I beg leave to observe to Your Lordship, that I have inquired of many of the principal people of this place, who all knew Potter, of Bristol, mentioned in the en- 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 95 closed deposition, and in general agree that he is a man of fortune, but of the most infamous character possible to describe ; and has been guilty of almost every vice a pirate can be guilty of. The Browns, of Providence, are principal people of that place. It appears to me, My Lord, that these people were the ringleaders in this piratical proceeding. I have therefore, written to Governor Wanton, of Rhode Is land, and begged his utmost exertions may be used for the apprehension and bring ing to justice the people mentioned in the said deposition, as principals in this pro ceeding ; but the disposition of the people of that government in general, is such, that I cannot flatter myself with much success, unless some other method is taken for appiehending them. I have tbe honor to be, &c, &c, J. MONTAGU. To the Right Honorable the Earl of Hillsborough. It does not appear that Governor Wanton adopted the course recommended by Admiral Montagu, to arrest the par ties charged by the negro Aaron, with being concerned in the burning of the Gaspee. Whether he knew they were con cerned in the affair, which is probable, and desired to screen them, or whether he disbelieved the statement of Aaron, and determined to make it so appear, the reader must judge. But it seems he lost no time in obtaining the following affidavits. Affidavits going to disprove Aaron's Statement. Samuel Thurston, of the island of Prudence, in the township of Portsmouth, in the county of Newport, of lawful age, declareth and saith : That Aaron, a mulatto lad, of about sixteen years of age, now on board His Majesty's ship, the Swan, commanded by Capt. Ayscough, is an indented servant to Samuel Tompkins, of Prudence, aforesaid, son-in-law to the said Samuel Thurston ; which Samuel Tompkins hath lived in the same house with the declarant for many years past, and have jointly managed a farm together ; that he is fully persuaded the said Aaron hath not been off from the said island for more than twelve months preceding the 2d day of July instant ; on the night of which, the said Aaron stole their boat, and went on board His Majesty's ship, the Beaver ; that particularly on the night after the 9th of June last, being the same night that His Majesty's schooner, the Gaspee, was burnt, he is well assured that the said Aaron remained in his house the whole of the night, he having seen him on the evening and early in the morning ofthe 10th, at his work. That, at that time, there was but one boat at that end of said island, which was then so much out of repair, that the said declarant thinks she could not swim, and then lay bottom upwards in order to be refitted, being the same boat the said Aaron stole after she was repaired. That he, the declarant, thinks it absolutely impossible, that the said Aaron should have been, that night, any where near the place where the said schooner was burnt ; and that the said Aaron remained at home from the sa> J. WANTON. Newport, August 18th, 1772. ) At the same session, Deputy Governor Sessions presented an account for expenses incurred by him in collecting evidence relating. to the destruction of the Gaspee ; for subsisting her crew, while at Puwtuxet, and in sending them on board His Majesty's ship, the Beaver, which lay in the bay below. Mr. Samuel Aborn, of Pawtuxet, also presented a bill for securing the stores, anchors, guns and other effects belonging to the burnt vessel ; all of which bills, were ordered to be paid. The following additional proceedings are from the records of the session : Proceedings of the Gener ah Assembly of Rhode Island, relative to the Gaspee. Whereas, His Honor the Governor, hath laid before this As sembly, a full and particular narrative of the measures he hath pursued, in consequence of the burning of His Majesty's Bchooner, the Gaspee ; and of the steps he hath taken to dis cover the perpetrators of that atrocious piece of villainy ; upon due consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the whole of His Honor's pro ceedings be approved ; and that His Honor be, and he is hereby, requested to transmit a copy thereof, to the agent of the colony, in Great Britain ;* and to pursue such further mea sures respecting the said affair, during the recess of the General Assembly, as shall appear necessary. And whereas, His Honor issued a proclamation, promising a reward of £ 100, sterling, to any person or persons who shall discover the persons guilty of the said crime ; — * The letter to the agent, in London, is not preserved on the files in the secretary's office. It did not probably vary from the letter to tlje Earl of Hillsborough, before given, VOL. VII. 14 106 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. It is therefore further voted and resolved, that this As sembly will make provision for paying the above mentioned reward, in case any person or persons shall be entitled thereto. And it is further voted and resolved, that no copies of let ters, or other proceedings, relating to the above mentioned affair, be delivered out by the secretary, to any person or per sons, whomsoever. It is voted and resolved, that the letter from His Honor the Governor, to the Right Honorable the Earl of Hillsborough, of the 20th of May last, containing a narrative of the proceedings respecting His Honor's calling Lieut. Dudingston before him, &c, be, and the same is hereby, approved. Whereas, Joseph Rhodes of Cranston, cooper, hath in his hands the sum of $79, belonging to Lieut. Dudingston, which he refuseth to deliver, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Governor and the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., be, and they are hereby, requested and empowered to make inquiry into that affair, and to settle all differences between the parties ; and that, if the said Rhodes will not comply therewith, they advise the said Dudingston to take the proper method for ob taining his right. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 107 Proclamation of King George III., relative to the Destruction of the Gaspee. GEORGE R. BY THE KING. A PROCLAMATION: For the discovering and apprehending the persons who plundered and burnt the Gaspee schooner, and barbarously wounded and ill-treated Lieutenant Wilham Dudingston, commander of the said schooner. Whereas, we have received information, that, upon the 10th day of June last, between the hours of twelve and one, in the morning, in the Providence or Narra gansett River, in our colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, a great number of persons, armed with guns and other offensive weapons, and led by two persons, who were called the captain and head sheriff, in several armed boats, at- tacked and boarded Our vessel called the Gaspee schooner, then lying at single an chor in the said river, commanded by our Lieutenant William Dudingston, under the orders of our Rear Admiral John Montagu ; and having dangerously wounded and barbarously treated the said William Dudingston, took, plundered and burnt the said schooner. We, to the intent that said outrageous and heinous offenders may be discovered, and brought to condign punishment, have thought fit, with the advice of our Privy Council, to issue this our royal proclamation. And we are hereby graciously pleased to promise, that if any person or persons shall discover any person or persons concerned in the said daring and heinous of fences above mentioned, so that he or they may be apprehended and brought to justice, such discoverer shall have and receive, as a reward, for such discovery, upon conviction of each ofthe said offenders, the sum of fiue hundred pounds. And if any person or persons shall discover either of the said persons who acted as, or called themselves, or were called by their said accomplices, the head sheriff, or the captain, so that they, or either of them, may be apprehended and brought to punishment, such discoverer shall have and receive, as a reward for such discovery, upon conviction of either of the said persons, the further sum oi'five hundred pounds, over and above the sum of Jive hundred pounds, herein before promised, for the dis*- covery and apprehending any of the other common offenders above mentioned. And if any person or persons concerned therein, except the two persons who were called the head sheriff and captain, and the person or persons who wounded 108 RECORDS OP THE COLONY OS1 RHODE ISLAND [1772. said Lieutenant William Dudingston, shall discover any one or more of the said ac complices, so that he or they may be apprehended and brought to punishment, such discoverer shall have and receive the said reward or rewards of 'five hundred pounds , or one thousand pounds, as the case may be; and also our gracious pardon for lus said offence ; and the commissiouers for executing the office of treasurer of our exchequer, are hereby required to make payment accordingly, ofthe said rewards. And we do hereby strictly charge and command all our governors, deputy gov ernors, magistrates officers and all other our loving subjects, that they do use their utmost diligence, in their several places and "capacities, to find out, discover and apprehend the said offenders, in order to their being brought to justice. And we do hereby command that this our proclamation be printed and pub lished, in the usual fortn, and affixed in the principal places of our town of New port, and other towns in our said colony, that none may pretend ignorance. Given at our Court, at St. James, the twenty-sixth day of August, 1772, in the twelfth year of our reign. God save the King. Royal Commission to the Commissioners of Inquiry, relative to the Destruction of the Gaspee. GEORGE THE THIRD, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c, to our trusty and well beloved Jo seph Wanton, Esquire, Governor of our colony, called' the English colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, in New England, in America ; our trusty and well beloved Daniel Horsmanden, Esquire, our chief justice of our province of New York : our trusty and well beloved Frederick Smythe, Es quire, our chief justice of our province of New Jersey ; our trusty and well be loved Peter Ohver, Esquire, our chief justice of our Province of the Massachu setts Bay, in New England ; and our trusty and well beloved Robert Auch muty, Esquire, our judge of our rice admiralty court, established at Boston, with jurisdiction in all causes arising within the limits of our colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Connecticut, greeting : Whereas, our armed schooner, called the Gaspee schooner, commanded by Lieu tenant WiUiam Dudingston, under the orders of Rear Admiral Montagu, was sta tioned in Providence or Narragansett River, in, or near to our colony of Rhode Is land and Providence Plantations, in New England, the said Lieutenant Dudingston, having proper commission and authority, to seize to our use, such prohibited and un accustomed goods, as he should find carried in and on board any ship, bottom; boat or other vessels, contrary to law, whereby the same is forfeited. And, whereas, we have been informed that very many ill-disposed persons have daredr from time to time, in defiance of our laws and authority, to insult and other wise hinder and obstruct the said Lieutenant William Dudingston, in the perform- 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 109 ance of his, duty, and their boldness in that respect grew to so desperate an height, that on or about the 10th day of June last, great multitudes of people were assem bled in our town of Newport,* and places adjacent, in our said colony, by' beat of drutn, armed with guns and other offensive weapons, and led on by two persons whom they called the head sheriff and the captain, and so proceeded in warlike manner, with armed boats, to attack our said schooner ; and having dangerously wounded the said lieutenant, overpowered the crew, took, plundered and burnt our said vessel. We, being desirous to be perfectly informed how so daring an attempt could be concerted, prepared and carried into execution in the chief town of our said colony, the residence of the Governor, and principal magistrates thereof, not only for the purpose of bringing the said offenders and their maintainers, aiders and abettors, to condign punishment, but also to the end, that fit and speedy order may be taken for securing the future peace, obedience, and well government of our said colony ; and placing much confidence in your wisdom, diligence, loyalty and integ rity, do, by these presents, appoint you, the said Joseph Wanton, Daniel Hors manden, Frederick Smythe, Peter Ohver and Robert Auchmuty, our commissioners, to inquire into and report to us a full and true account of all the circumstances rela tive to tbe attacking, taking, plundering and burning our said schooner ; and to the assembling, arming, training and leading the people concerned therein ; and to the concerting and preparing the said attack, and of all other insults and obstructions which have been given to the said Lieutenant Dudingston, or to our service in gen eral in our said colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, and of the causes which have occasioned so daring a violation of our laws and authority ; and also to inquire and report what measures have been taken or used by the magis trates of our said colony, and other our good subjects therein, respecting the same. And for the better execution of our royal will and pleasure therein, we do hereby give unto you, the said Joseph Wanton, Daniel Horsmanden, Frederick Smythe, Peter Oliver, and Robert Auchmuty, or any three of you, full power and authority to re ceive all such informations and advertisements as shall be brought unto you, by or from any of our loving subjects or others, touching the premises ; and also, to inquire, by the examination of witnesses on oath, which oath we do hereby give you or any of you, full power, warrant and authority to administer, or by such other ways and means as you, or any three of you, shall, in your discretion, think fit, into the premises, or any of them. And we do further give you, or any three of you, full power and authority to send for such persons, papers, and records, as shall be useful to you, for the better carry ing on the service hereby intended, willing and requiring you, the said Governor, the Deputy Governor, and all other our magistrates, officers, and loving subjects within the said colony, to be in all things helpful, aiding and assisting to you, and every of you, in the execution of this, our royal commission. And we do further strictly charge and command you, and every of you, that, in the execution and performance of the powers and authorities to you hereby given, * This is a mistake. It was not in Newport, but in Providence, where the party was organized. 110 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. you, and every of you, do carefully observe and conform yourselves to such instruc tions as shall be given and sent unto you, in writing, under our sign manual, and to report to us a full and true account of your proceedings herein. In witness whereof, we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Witness ourself, at Westminster, the second day of September, in the twelfth year of our reign. By the King himself. YORKE. Royal Instructions to the Commission of Inquiry, relative-to the Destruction of the Gaspee. GEORGE R. , ^-¦— , .. Instructions to our trusty and well beloved Joseph Wanton, Daniel Hors- || manden, Frederick Smythe, Peter Oliver and Robert Auchmuty, Esquires, our commissioners for inquiring into the circumstances relative to the attacking, plundering and burning our armed schooner, called the Gaspee schooner, within our colony of Rhode Island, in America, on the 10th day of June last, and into the causes thereof, and of the violences and insults offered upon that occasion, to our officers em ployed in our service. Given at our court at St. James, the 4th day of September, 1772, in the twelfth year of our reign. Article 1st. With these our instructions, you will receive our commission, under our great seal of Great Britain, constituting and appointing you our commissioners, for inquiring into and making report to us of all the circumstances relative to the at tacking, plundering and burning the Gaspee schooner on the 10th of June last, in the Narragansett River, within our colony of Rhode Island ; and to the assembling, arming, and leading on the persons who made the said attack, and to the concerting and preparing the same ; together with all such other powers and authorities as are judged necessary for that purpose. You are therefore, to take upon you, the execution of the trust reposed in you, and so soon as three or more of you shall have been assembled at Newport, within our said colony of Rhode Island, you are to cause our said commission to be read and published in such manner and form, and with such solemnity as are due to the authority from which it proceeds, and the important occasion for which it is issued, using your own discretions as to all such other times and places of your meetings, according to what shall appear to you, or the major part of you, to be most fit and proper. Art. 2d. You, are to use your utmost care and dilhgence, pursuant to the au thorities and directions contained in our said commission, in making a very full and particular inquiry into all the circumstances relative to the attacking, plundering 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. Ill and destroying our armed schooner, the Gaspee, on the 10th of June last, in tho Narragansett River, within our said colony of Rhode Island, and to the assembling, arming and leading on the persons who made the said attack, as also into the causes and occasions thereof; and into all the steps that have been taken by the civil magistrates in their respective stations, for the discovery and punishment of the per- trators of those heinous offences. And to those ends, you are to summon before you, all such persons as you shall think may be able to give any information touching the said objects of inquiry; and likewise, to order all informations, depositions and examinations, which may have been taken and made in writing, touching those matters, or authentic copies thereof, to be laid before you, and to make a report to us, by one of our principal secretaries of state, of all your proceedings, and of what shall appear to you, respecting the conduct of the magistrates and people of Rhode Island, on that occasion. Art. 3d. And whereas, the civil magistrates and officers within our said colony of Rhode Island, are entrusted witb the power and authority to arrest and commit to custody such of the persons concerned in the plundering and destroying the Gaspee schooner, and in the inhuman treatment of our officer who commanded her, against whom any information shall be taken, in order to the said offenders being sent to England to be tried for that offence ; it is therefore, our will and pleasure, that you do, from time to time, communicate to the said civil officers and magis trates, such information as you shall be able to collect, touching the persons con cerned in that daring attack upon our authority and commission, to the end that they may be accordingly arrested and delivered to the custody of the commander in chief of our ships and vessels in North America, pursuant to such directions as we have thought fit to give for that purpose. 'Art. 4th. And whereas, it is of importance with regard to the mode of proceed ing against the said offenders, that they should be exactly informed of the place where the offence was committed, it will, therefore, be your duty to take care in all your proceedings upon this inquiry, as well as in your reports thereof to us, by one of our principal secretaries of state, to ascertain with the greatest precision, whether the offence was committed and done within the body of the colony ; and if so, within what county or district thereof; and if not so, in what other place the said offence was committed and done. Art. 5th. And whereas, there may be reason to apprehend, from the outrages which have been committed within our said colony of Rhode Island, by numbers of law less persons, that insults may be offered to you, it is therefore our will and pleasure, that if any disturbance shall arise, with a view to obstruct you in the execution of your duty, and any violence should in consequence thereof, be offered to you, you do, in such case, give immediate notice thereof to the commander in chief of our forces in North America, and require of him to send such a military force into the colony, as you shall judge necessary for your protection, and for the aiding the civil magistrates in suppressing any tumults or riots, and preserving the public peace. Lastly. It is our will and pleasure, that you do take an account, by way of journal, of all your acts and proceedings in the execution of the powers and direc tions given to you, and that the reports which you are to make to us, by one of our 112 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1772. principal secretaries of state, of those proceedings, be in writing, and signed by any three or more of vou.* G. R. * Extract from the Providence Gazette, of Saturday, December 26, 1772 : "To be, or not to be, that's the question ; whether our unalienable rights and privileges are any longer worth contending for, is now to be determined. Permit me, my countrymen, to beseech you to attend to your alarming situation. The stamp act you opposed with a spirit and resolution becoming those who were truly solicitous to transmit to posterity those blessings which our forefathers purchased for us in the wilds of America, at an immense expense of blood and treasure. But behold, an evil infinitely worse, in its consequences, than all the revenue laws which have been passed from the reign of Charles the First, to this time, now threatens this dis tressed, piratically plundered country. A court of inquisition, more horrid than that of Spain or Portugal, is established within this colony, to inquire into the circumstances of destroying the Gaspee schooner; and the persons who are the commissioners of this new-fangled court, are vested with most exor- bitant and unconstitutional power. They are directed to summon witnesses, apprehend persons not only impeached, but even suspected ! and them, and every of them, to deliver them to Admiral Montagu, who is ordered to have a ship in readiness to carry them to England, where they are to be tried. Three of the commissioners are a quorum, who are directed to apply to General Gage, for troops to protect them in their offices, and preserve the colony from riots and disturbances. The royal commission for these gentlemen, together with their instructions, is transmitted to Admiral Montagu, who, upon being notified that they are convened in conformity to their appointment, is to attend them, and then deliver their commission and instructions, and to be aiding with his sage counsel and advice, whenever necessary. So much has transpired, respecting this alarming star-chamber inquisition. And who among the natives of America, can hear it without emotion ? Is there an American, in whose breast there glows the smallest spark of public virtue, but who must be fired with indignation and reseutment, against a measure so replete with the ruin of our free consti tution ? To be tried by one's peers, is the greatest privilege a subject can wish for ; and so excellent is our constitution, that no subject shall he tried, but by his peers. This establishment is the grand barrier of our lives, liberties and estates; and whoever attempts to alter or invade this :andamental principle, by which the liberties of the people have been secured from time immemorial, is a declared enemy to the welfare and happiness ofthe King and state. The tools of despotism and arbitrary power, have long wished that this important bulwark might be destroyed, and now have the impudence to triumph in our faces, because such of their fellow subjects in America, as are suspected of being guilty of a crime, are ordered to be transported to Great Britain for trial, in open violation of Magna Charta. Thus are we robbed of our birth-rights, and treated with every mark of indignity, insult and contempt ; and can we possibly be so supine, as not to feel ourselves firmly disposed to treat the advocates for such horrid measures with a detestation and scorn, proportionate to their perfidy and baseness ? Luxury and avarice, a more fatal and cruel scourge than war, will ere long ravage Britain and ultimately bring on the dissolution of that once happy kingdom . Ambition, and a thirst for arbitrary sway, have already banished integrity, probity and every other virtue, from those who are entrusted with the government of our mother country. Her colonies loudly com- plain of the violences and vexations they suffer by having their moneys taken from them, without their consent, by measures more unjustifiable than highway robbery ; and ap plied to the basest purposes— those of supporting tyrants and debauchees. No private house is inaccessible to the avarice of custom-house officers ; no place so remote whither the injus tice and extortion oi these miscreant tools in power, have not penetrated. Upon the whole, it is more than probable, it is an almost absolute certainty, that ac cording to the present appearances, the state of an American subject, instead of enjoying 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 113 These papers were transmitted to Admiral Montagu, and sent by him to Governor Wanton, by express. Admiral Montagu to the Governor of Rhode Island. Boston, 11th December, 1772. Sir : — -Last night an express arrived, with dispatches from the Right Honorable My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, by which came under cover to me, the packet I send to you, herewith. the privileges of an Englishman, will soon be infinitely worse than that of a subject of France, Spain, Portugal, or any other the most despotic power on earth ; so that, my coun trymen, it behoves you, it is your indispensable duty to stand forth in the glorious cause of freedom, the dearest of all your earthly enjoyments ; and, with a truly Roman spirit of liberty, either prevent the fastening of the infernal chains now forging for you, and your posterity, or nobly perish in the attempt. To live a life of rational beings, is to live free ; to live a life of slaves, is to die by inches. Ten thousand deaths by the halter, or the axe, are infinitely preferable to a miserable life of slavery in chains, under a pack of worse than Egyptian tyrants, whose avarice nothing less than your whole substance and income, will satisfy ; and who, if they can't extort that, will glory in making a sacrifice of you and your posterity, to gratify their master the devil, who is a tyrant, and the father of tyrants and of liars. AMERICANTJS. Extracts from the Providence Gazette, qf Saturday, December 26, 1772. Newport, December 21, 1772. Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Boston, to his friend in this toton : " I here enclose you an extract of « letter from a gentleman in England, to another in Boston. In confirmation ofthe truth of which, the admiral received a packet by an express which arrived in this town on Thursday evening last, ordering the ships to your harbor ; in consequence of which order, the ships are now getting ready as fast as possible ; they were kept to work all day yesterday, and commanded to be ready to sail on Tuesday afternoon, or Wednesday morning, at furthest. The admiral is in very high spirits on the occasion, and cheerfully undertakes an expedi tion which promises to gratify his rancor against your colony. It is to be hoped, from his avowed disposition towards our Rhode Island brethren, that he will meet with a proper re ception among them. I have just received information which you may depend upon : the high commissioned court specially appointed, with novel, unconstitutional and exorbitant powers, for the trial of the persons concerned in burning the schoou er, are forthwith to repair to Rhode Island for that purpose; and are to be accompanied with His High Mightiness the Admiral. The regiment at Castle William, a regiment from New York, and a third regiment, are immediately to march for Rhode Island ; and unless you exhibit a quantum sufficit of passive obedience and non-resistance, the same tragedy may be acted in Newport and Providence, which makes the 5th of March so memorable at Boston." Extract of a letter from a gentleman of character, in England, to hia friend, in Boston : " Our tyrants in the administration, are greatly exasperated with the late manoeuvre of the brave Rhode Islanders; as a regard to the rights of the subject, and the principles of justice, never marked the measures of the present wretched conductors of the wheels of gov ernment, yoa will not be alarmed when I tell you that they have determined to vacate the VOL. VII. 15 114 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. As it may bo of great consequence, I have thought proper to charge Mr. Mon tagu, one of my lieutenants, with it.* In my despatches from their Lordships, I am directed to repair to Rhode Island, to assist you, and the rest of the gentlemen in the commission, which I shall do as charter of that colony. To effect this purpose, which in their oWn apprehension, will be attended with some'difficulty, Admiral Montagu is ordered, with the small craft which are with him, to line the harbor of Rhode Island, with positive orders to apprehend the persons concerned in the enterprize above mentioned. Awed by the formidable appearance of this hectoring commander and his gallant squa dron, these bitter pills are to be crammed down their throats; but the friends of true British freedom, are not without hopes that the stomachs of that heroic colony will reject the dose prepared for them. Be united, our dear suffering brethren ; be steady, and success awaits you ; freedom, glo rious freedom, will be the purchase. We believe that the ancient British spirit of independ ence, which once blest this island, has improved by transplantation, and preserves its vigor in the breasts of Americans ; cherish it, my dear friends ! and by relieving yourselves, save the small remnant of the virtuous in Britain." Extract ofa letter from a gentleman in Boston, to his friend, in this town, dated Decem ber 14, 1772 : " I would have you inform your townsmen, tbat the admiral has hoisted his flag on board one of the frigates, and will sail for Newport, in a day or two ; and is determined to lay your town and Providence, in ashes ; he swore by God (some time ago), that he would burn the town of Providence to ashes. Mr. P , of this town, will attest to it ; hope you will try him for treason. It is surmised, that they are going to deprive you of your charter ; hope you will give it up peaceably, like true friends to government, and not contend with your superiors, but be subject to the higher powers; for the powers that be, are ordained (I believe), of the devil." * The following is from the Providence Gazette, of December 19, 1772 : "By the Cruizer sloop-of-war, Capt. Howe, arrived at New York, from England, His Honor the Governor, has received dispatches from the Earl of Dartmouth, secretary of state for the American department, relative to the Gaspee armed schooner, destroyed some time since, and the very extraordinary measures adopted by government for inquiring into the matter, and punishing the offenders. For this purpose, we are told that commissioners are to sit at Newport, and examine such persons as Admiral Montagu shall direct to be apprehended. These devoted persons, it is further said, are to be transported to England, where they are to be tried for high treason. The admiral, with a number of ships and tenders, is to be at Newport ; and the com missioners are directed to apply to General Gage for troops, if they shall think them necessary. In this situation of affairs, every friend to our violated constitution, cannot but be greatly alarmed. The idea of seizing a number of persons, under the points of bayonets, and transporting them three thousand miles for trial, where, whether guilty or innocent, they must unavoidably fall victims alike to revenge or prejudice, is shocking to humanity, repug nant to every dictate of reason, liberty and justice; and in which, Americans and freemen ought never to acquiesce." Extract from the proceedings of a town meeting held at Dorchester, in the Massachusetts Bay, January 4, 1773 : " Resolved, that at a time when open attacks upon our happy constitution are multiplied, it is incumbent upon the people to be watchful ; and especially at this time, when we are alarmed with a new and unheard of grievance, in a late act passed by the British Parlia ment, whereby the crown is empowered, so that persons supposed to be guilty of certain 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 115 soon as you inform me that you are ready, with the commissioners, to proceed to business, and dehver the commission, and the King's instructions to you. In the meantime, Captain Keeler, in His Majesty's ship Mercury, has my orders to assist you, and receive any prisoners or persons you may send him. Permit me to say, I should think it advisable to have the persons apprehended that I sent you an account of some months ago, which the indentured mulatto informed of, and has sworn against. The mulatto remains on board with the captain, and shall be ready to attend the commission, whenever he is called for. As I find Capt. Keeler is often made a prisoner, from frequent arrests he meets with, as well as insults when he comes on shore,T am to desire, in case the commis sion should at any time want him, you will direct his person to be secured from in sults or arrests. Whenever you will favor me with your commands, you will find me ready to co operate with you in every thing for the King's service. I have the honor to be, sir, &c, &c, J. MONTAGU. To Governor Wanton. P. S. I must beg leave to recommend to you, as first in the commission, to ap point a time for the first meeting, and to give notice to the other gentlemen named in the commission and me ; and that you will make the time as short as you can, consistent with proper notice, for particular reasons. This led to the following correspondence before the opening of the session of the commissioners : 'The Governor of Rhode Island to Admiral Montagu. Newport, December 14, 1772. Sir : — I am favored with yours, by Mr. Montagu, together with dispatches from the Right Honorable the Earl, of Dartmouth, respecting the destruction of the Gaspee. I shall appoint a time for meeting the commissioners authorized to inquire into crimes, may be hurried away from any county in North America, where such crime may be supposed to have been committed, to be tried in any county in England, where His Majesty or his successors shall judge proper ; which appears to us to come little short of any court of inquisition, and appears plainly to us destructive of the main pillar of the British constitution." Extract from the proceedings of a town meeting, held at Ipswich, in the Massachusetts Bay, December 17, 1772 : " Resolved, that we have been of late greatly alarmed at the appointment of commis sioners, in consequence of a late act of Parliament, entitled ' An act for the better perserv- ing His Majesty's dockyards, magazines, ships, ammunition and stores, and to inquire after the persons concerned in burning His Majesty's schooner, the Gaspee, at Providence ;' which, though a very unjustifiable act, yet we apprehend this method of proceeding, an in fringement upon the liberty ofthe subject, and of the most dangerous consequence, as the constitution has already provided a method for the trial of those, and all other offenders," 116 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. the circumstances of that transaction, as soon as may be, and give you the earliest intelligence thereof, in conformity to His Majesty's orders. His Majesty's procla mation I shall cause to be printed without delay, and sent into the several towns within the colony. I am, &c, &c, J. WANTON. To the Honorable J. Montagu. The Governor of Rhode Island, to Peter Oliver, Esq., Chief Justice qf Massachusetts. Newport, December 14, 1772. Sir : — By express from Admiral Montagu, I have this moment received a letter from the Earl of Dartmouth, advising of your being one of the commissioners for in quiring into the circumstances of burning the schooner Gaspee. I have thought proper to give you this information, and that I shall fix upon a time for meeting the commissioners, and give you and the other gentlemen named in the commission, notice thereof, without delay. I am, &c, &c, J. WANTON. To the Honorable Peter Oliver, Esq. The Governor of Rhode Island to Robert Auchmuty, Esq. , Judge of the Vice Admiralty Court, Boston. Roxbury, December 11, 1772. Sir : — I embrace this opportunity of acquainting you, that I have received His Majesty's orders to attend you and the other gentlemen, commissioners for examining into the business and plundering the schooner Gaspee. In obedience to which, I shall, on notice, with all convenient dispatch, attend you on that affair. I shall be glad to know when you think the gentlemen can be got together ; and am, Your Honor's most obedient servant, ROBERT AUCHMUTY. To Governor Wanton- The Governor of Rhode Island to Judge Auchmuty, Newport, December 14, 1772. Sir : — I have received your favor by Mr. Montagu. I shall fix upon a time for meeting the commissioners, appointed to inquire into the circumstances of destroying the Gaspee schooner, and give you and the other gentlemen, mentioned in the com mission, the earliest intelligence thereof. I am, &c, &c, J. WANTON, To the Hon. Robert Auchmuty. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 117 Circular qf the Governor of Rhode Island to Judges Oliver and Auchmuty. Newport, December 24, 1772. Sir : — When I received the Earl of Dartmouth's letter of the 4th of Sep tember, and in consequence thereof, wrote you on the 14th inst., I was preparing to set out for the Assembly, who were adjourned to meet that day at Providence, and therefore I had not then time to attend so maturely to His Lordship's letter as its importance required. The. letter I received from Admiral Montagu, by the same express which brought me the dispatches from Lord Dartmouth, induced me to suppose I was authorized to appoint a time for tbe first meeting of the. commissioners ; but as Lord Dartmouth has signified to me, that my associates in the commission, are directed to repair to Newport, and by a vessel this day from New York, I am informed that the chief justice of that province, and the chief justice of New Jersey have engaged their pas sages, and will be here some time nest week. I thought it proper to give you this information, and that I am ready to meet you, agreeably to the royal instructions, whenever it may suit your convenience to attend. As soon as a quorum can be got together, I shall, without loss of time, notify Ad miral Montagu, in obedience to the King's command. I am, sir, &c, &c, J. WANTON. Circular to the Judges Ohver and Auchmuty. The Governor of Rhode Island to the Sheriffs of the several Counties. Newport, December 22, 1772. Sir : — In obedience to the King's command, signified to me, by the Right Honora ble the Earl of Dartmouth, one of his principal secretaries of state, I have caused to be printed His Majesty's proclamation for discovering and apprehending the per sons who plundered and burnt the Gaspee schooner; copies of which, I send you by express, which you are forthwith to affix in the most public places of the several towns within your colony. I am, sir, &c, &c, J. WANTON. Circular to the sheriffs of the several counties. The Governor of Rhode Isla?id to Admiral Montagu. Newport, December 24, 1772. Sir : — By a vessel this day from New York, I am informed that the Judges Hors manden and Smythe, have engaged tbeir passages in the sloop Lydia, John Free- body, master, and will probably be here in about a week. I give you this informa tion, for your government, I am, sir, &c, &c, J. WANTON. To Admiral Montagu. 118 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. Admiral Montagu to the Governor of Rhode Island. Boston, 28th December, 1772. Sir : — I am favored with your letter, informing me that the Judges Horsmanden and Smythe are expected at Rhode Island in the course of the week. If you will be pleased to inform me when you are ready to receive His Majesty's commission, I will take care to have it delivered agreeably to my instructions. I shall be glad to know whether you intend to proceed to business, or adjourn to any particular time, that I may conduct myself relative to His Majesty's service here, accordingly. I am, sir, &c, &c, J. MONTAGU. To His Honor Governor Wanton. The Governor of Rhode Island to Admiral Montagu. Newport, January 1, 1773. Sir : — The Judges Horsmanden and Smythe arrived here last evening, from New York, and are ready to proceed immediately upon business. A number sufficient to constitute a quorum, are now assembled at Newport, waiting to receive from you ¦the royal commission and instructions, of which I have thought it proper to give you this information, by express. I shall be glad to wait upon you, at Newport ; and am, sir, &c, &c, J. WANTON. To Admiral Montagu. The Governor of Rhode Island to Judge Auchmuty. Newport, January 1, 1773. Sir : — The Judges Horsmanden and Smythe arrived last evening from New York. This will be delivered you by express I send to the Admiral ; and hope I shall have the pleasure of waiting on you this week, if your health will permit. My letter to Judge Oliver, you have, without doubt, sent him. I am, therefore, jn expectation of seeing him, every Lour. I have only to add the compliments of the season ; and am, sir, &c., &c, J. WANTON. To Judge Auchmuty. The Governor of Rhode Island to Capt. Robert Keeler, of His Majesty's Ship Mercury. Newport, January 4, 1773. Sir : — The commissioners meet at twelve o'clock this day, at the colony house ; at which time, I expect the return of the express, when it is probable it will be deter mined whether it is proper to defer opening the commission until the admiral ar rives. Your attendance will be necessary. I am yours, &c. , &c, J. WANTON. To Captain Robert Keeler. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 119 } Admiral Montagu to the Governor of Rhode Island. Boston, 2d January, 1773, at 3 o'clock, afternoon. Sir : — I am this moment favored with your letter, by express, acquainting me that the Judges Horsmanden and Smythe are arrived at Newport, and ready to pro ceed immediately upon business, and are therefore ready to receive His Majesty's royal commission, which, by my instructions, I am to cause to be delivered to them. I beg leave to inform you, that my captain left this place yesterday morning, charged with the commission to be given to Captain Keeler, the senior officer of His Majesty's ships at Rhode Island, who has my orders to wait on you, and know your pleasure, when he shall wait upon the commissioners with it. He is also directed to give the commissioners all the assistance in his power, and to receive such persons, either prisoners or witnesses, as they shall send to him. He has likewise my directions to inform the commissioners that he has some peo ple on board that can give information relative to the burning the Gaspee, as well as of the persons concerned in that affair ; and he is directed to send them to the commissioners whenever they are pleased to demand them. As the season of the year does not admit of my coming to Rhode Island with my. flag, and such ships as shall be necessary to assist the commissioners, agreeably to my instructions ; yet, if the commissioners shall think it right, and for the good of the service they are upon, that my presence is necessary, I shall be ready to set out the moment I receive such notice from them. But I flatter myself they will be able to do so, without me, as I have nothing to do but to receive such persons as may be sent from them. I am, &c, &c., J. MONTAGU. To Governor Wanton. 120 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION, FOR INQUIRING INTO THE CIRCUMSTANCES RELA TIVE TO THE TAKING AND BURNING OF HIS MAJESTY'S SCHOONER GASPEE. The commissioners met at the state house, in Newport, on the 5th clay of January, 1773. Present — the Hon. Joseph Wanton, Daniel Horsmanden, Esquire, Frederick Smythe, Esquire, Peter Oliver, Esquire, and Robert Auchmuty, Esquire. Colon? of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations : Proceedings had and taken by virtue of a royal commission, under the seal of Great Britain, directed to the Honorable Joseph Wanton, Esq., Governor of the English colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, in New Eng land, in America; Daniel Horsmanden, Esq., chief justice of the Province of New York ; Frederick Smythe, Esq., chief justice of the Province of New Jersey ; Peter Oliver, Esq., chief justice ofthe Province of Massachusetts Bay, in New England ; Robert Auchmuty, Esq., judge of the vice admiralty court, established at Boston, with jurisdiction in all causes arising within the limits of the colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Connec ticut, commissioners appointed for inquiring into and re porting to His Majesty a full and true account of all the circumstances relative to the attacking, taking, plundering and burning His Majesty's armed schooner, called the Gas pee, commanded by Lieutenant William Dudingston, within the colony of Rhode Island, in America, on the 10th day of June, A. D. 1772 ; and for other purposes therein men tioned, at the colony house, at Newport, in Rhode Island, Tuesday, the 5th day of January, A. D. 1773, the above commissioners being present. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 121 His Majesty's said royal commission, with instructions to said commissioners, under His Majesty's signet and sign manual, were delivered to the said commissioners, by Robert Keeler, Esq., commander of His Majesty's ship Mercury, which said commission was publicly read and proclaimed. On the perusal of said instructions, the commissioners con ceived that the presence of Rear Admiral Montagu, com mander in chief of His Majesty's ships and vessels employed in North America, was necessary, for the furtherance of the present service. The following letter was thereupon written, and delivered by James Clarke, one of the secretaries to the commissioners, to Captain Symonds, to be by him immediately conveyed to Admiral Montagu : The Commissioners of Inquiry, $-c, to Admiral Montagu. Newport, January 5, 1773. Sir : — WTc, His Majesty's commissioners, for inquiring into the attacking, burning and plundering His Majesty's schooner, the Gaspee, &c, being met at this place, in order to prevent the delay of business, thought proper to receive the royal commis sion and instructions, from Capt. Keeler, which, until yours of the 2d inst., we con- eluded would have been delivered by you. This day the commission was opened and published, and the instructions carefully perused ; in one, of which, we find the following words : " To the end that tbey may be accordingly arrested, and delivered to the custody of the commander in chief ot our ships and vessels in North America, pursuant to such directions as we have thought fit to give for that purpose." By virtue of these words, we conceive, that in case any person or persons should be arrested for the above mentioned crime, you are the only person to whom such prisoners can regularly be delivered for safe custody ; therefore, we think your at tendance at Newport, is absolutely necessary. We are sorry to give you this trouble ; but our duty, as we apprehend, obliges us to do it. AVe are, sir, with great respect, Your most humble and obedient servants, JOSEPH WANTON, FREDERICK SMYTHE, DANIEL HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER, ROBERT AUCHMUTY, Commissioners, To Admiral Montagu. VOL. VII. 16 122 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1772. The commissioners then proceeded to take the usual state oaths, which were administered first by Daniel Horsmanden, Esq., to Joseph Wanton, Esq., and afterwards by him, to the other commissioners. The commissioners then appointed James Brenton and James Clarke, Esqs., joint secretaries, who were accordingly sworn truly and fuilhfully lo execute the duties of their office. The following is the form of the oath taken by the com missioners : The form of the Oath taken by the Commissioners. We do solemnly and sincerely, in the presence of God, profess, testify and de clare, that we do believe, that in the sacrament ofthe Lord's supper, there is not any transubstantiation ofthe elements of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ, at or after the consecration thereof, by any person, whatsoever ; and that the invoca tion or adoration of the Yirgin Mary, or any other saint, and the sacrifice of the mass, as they are now used in the Church of Rome, are superstitious and idolatrous. And we do solemnly, in the presence of God, profess, testify and declare, that we do make this declaration and ever}- part thereof, in the plain and ordinary sense of the words read unto us, as they are commonly understood by English Protestants, without any evasion, equivocation or mental reservation, whatsoever ; and without any dispensation already granted us for this purpose by the Pope, or any other au thority or person, whatsoever ; or without any hope of any such dispensation from any person or authority, whatsoever ; or without thinking that we are, or can be acquitted before God or man, or absolved of this declaration, or any part thereof, although the Pope, or any other person or persons, or power, whatsoever, shall dispense with, or annul the same, or declare that it was null and void, from the beginning. J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER. ROBT. AUCHMUTY, WTe do truly aud sincerely acknowledge, profess, testify and declare, in our con sciences, before God and the world, that our sovereign lord, George the Third, is the lawful and rightful King of this realm, and all other His Majesty's dominions thereunto belonging. And we do solemnly and sincerely declare, that we do be lieve, in our consciences, that not any of the descendants of the person who pre tended to be Prince of Wales during the life of the late King James the Second, and since his decease pretended to be, and took upon himself the style and title of King of England, by the name of James the Third ; or of Scotland, by the name of James the Eighth ; or the style and title of King of Great Britain, hath any right or title, whatsoever, to the crown of this realm, or any other the dominions there unto belonging. And we do renounce, refuse, and abjure any allegiance or obedi- 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 12c cnce to any of them. And we do swear, that we will bsar faithful and (rue allegi ance to His Majesty King George the Third, and him will defend to the utmost of our power, against all traitorous conspiracies and attempts, whatsoever, which shall be made against his person, crown or dignity. And we will do our utmost endeavor to disclose and make known to His Majesty, and his successors, all treason and trai torous conspiracies which we shall know to be against him or any of them. And we do faithfully promise to the utmost of our power, to support, maintain and de fend the succession of the crown against the descendants of the said James, and against all other persons, whatsoever ; which succession, by an act entitled " An act for the further limitation of the crown, and better securing the rights and liberties of the subject," is, and stands limited to the princess Sophia, electoress and duchess dowager of Hanover, and the heirs of her body, being Protestants. And all these tilings we do plainly and sincerely acknowledge and swear, according to these ex press words by us spoken, and according to the plain and common sense and under^ standing of the same words, without any equivocation, mental evasion, or secret reservation, whatsoever. And we do make this recognition, acknowledgment, ab juration, renunciation and promise heartily, willingly and truly, upon the true faith of a Christian. So help us God. J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER. ROBT, AUCHMUTY, We do swear, that we do, from bur hearts, abhor, detest and ab jure, as impious and heretical, that damnable doctrine and position, that princes excommunicated or deprived by the Pope or any au thority of tbe See of Rome; may be deposed or murdered by their subjects, or any other, whatsoever. And we do declare, that no foreign prince, person, prelate, state, or potentate, hath, or ought to have, any jurisdiction, power-, superi ority, pre-eminence or authority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within this realm. So help us Ged. km^lfftM (An 124 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. The proceedings of the said commission were then adjourned till to-morrow, at 11 o'clock, then to meet at the colony house, aforesaid. Wednesday , January G, 1773. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. The commissioners determined that it was necessary that an advertisement be published in the next Newport Mercury, giving notice that the said commissioners had assembled, and were now daily sitting at the colony house, in Newport, for the purpose of proceeding upon, and duly executing the said commission ;- aud that they are ready to receive information relative to the attacking, taking, plundering and burning the Gas pee schooner, on the 10th of June last past ; in consequence of which resolutions, the following advertisement was ordered to be published : Advertisement in the Newport Mercury, of the meetings qf the Commissioners. " Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations : The public are hereby informed, that the honorable the commissioners, appointed under the seal of Great Britain, for inquiring into the circumstances of attacking, plundering and burning His Majesty's schooner Gaspee, under the command of Lieutenant William Dudingston, on the 10th of June last, are now convened, and continue to sit every day, Sundays excepted, at the colony house, in Newport, in conformity to His Majesty's instructions. Wherefore, all persons who can give any information to the said commissioners, relative to the assembling, arming and leading on the persons who made the said attack, and the directing and preparing the same, are requested forthwith to give information thereof, to said commissioners at the above mentioned place. By order ofthe commissioners,— JOSEPH BRENTON, JAMES CLARKE, Secretaries." The proceedings on said commission, were then adjourned till to-morrow, at 10 o'clock ; then to meet at the colony house, aforesaid; Thursday, January 7, 1773. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. Present — Joseph Wanton, Esq., Frederick Smythe, Esq., Peter Oliver, Esq., Robert Auchmuty, Esq. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 125 Governor Wanton laid before the commissioners four letters, which had passed between him, Admiral Montagu and Lieu tenant Dudingston ; also, one other letter, signed by Governor Wanton, and transmitted by him, by order of the General As sembly, of the colony, aforesaid, to Rear Admiral Montagu ; which letters, are prior in date, to the attacking and burning His Majesty's schooner Gaspee, which were read, and ordered to be put on file. Sundry papers, letters and depositions, to the number of twenty, containing the proceedings of the Governor and Deputy Governor of the colony, aforesaid, relative to the burn ing the schooner, were delivered by Governor Wanton to the commissioners, which were also read, and ordered on file. Governor Wanton informed the commissioners, that Mr. Sessions, Deputy Governor of the colony, was in Newport, and ready to attend the commissioners, to give them an ac count of the steps he had taken, in order to discover the per sons who destroyed His Majesty's schooner Gaspee. A message was sent to Mr. Sessions, requesting his attend ance ; who accordingly came before the commissioners, and was by them requested to give in writing, upon oath, a full and particular account of the measures he had taken, in order to the discovery of the persons who perpetrated the aforesaid crime ; which he assured the commissioners he would do, without loss of time. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., Chief Justice of said colony, also appeared before the commissioners, and assured them he was ready and willing to aid and assist the commissioners in the ex ercise of the power and authority with which they are in vested, for discovering the persons who destroyed the Gaspee schooner, &c. The commissioners then requested Mr. Hopkins to give them, in writing, a full and particular account of all the proceedings had and done by him, for discovering and bringing to justice the persons who committed the aforesaid offence ; and also what knowledge or information he had obtained of the assem- 126 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. bling, arming and leading on the persons who perpetrated the same ; which he also promised to do, without loss of time. The proceedings on the commission were then adjourned till to-morrow, at 10 o'clock before noon ; then to meet at the colony house, aforesaid. Friday, January 8, 1773. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. Present — Joseph Wanton, Esq., Daniel Horsmanden, Esq., Frederick Smythe, Esq., Peter Oliver, Esq., Robert Auch muty, Esq. Mr. Brenton, one of the secretaries under the present com mission, was examined by the commissioners, touching the ob struction to the execution of a warrant issued by Metcalfe Bowler, Esq., on the 17th of July last, in order to apprehend the negro Aaron, then on board His Majesty's ship, the Beaver ; which examination, was reduced to writing, sworn to before the commissioners, and ordered to be filed. Deposition of James Brenton. James Brenton, now residing in Newport, in the colony of Rhode Island, in North America, Esq., being of full age, duly sworn upon the holy evangelists, deposes and saith : That, upon the 1 7th day of July last, he was requested by the Hon. Joseph Wan ton, Esq., Governor ofthe colony of Rhode Island, aforesaid, to attend Robert Lilli- bridge, one of the deputy sheriffs in the county of Newport, in said colony, who was ordered with a warrant from Metcalfe Bowler, Esq., one of the justices of assize, in said colony, to repair on board His Majesty's ship, the Beaver, and to make diligent search for one Aaron, a mulatto lad, charged with being ebncei'ned (with others un" known), in attacking and burning His Majesty's schooner, the Gaspee, on the 10th of June last ; and upon finding the said Aaron, to take him before the said Metcalfe Bowler, or some other lawful authority, in order that the said Aaron might be ex amined relative to the said transaction, and be proceeded against, according to law. That this deponent, about 1 o'clock, in the afternoon, of the said 1 7th day of July, went with the said deputy sheriff, from said Newport, in order to go on board His Majesty's ship, the Beaver, then lying in the harbor of Newport ; that, when the boat in which this deponent and the said deputy sheriff were, came near the said ship, they were forbidden by the sentinel, upon the ship's gangway, from going on board. This deponent then acquainted a person, who appeared to be the commanding officer, upon the deck of the said ship, that he, this deponent, with your said deputy 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 127 sheriff, were then come to demand that Aaron, a mulatto lad, who was charged with being concerned in the attacking and burning the schooner Gaspee, and who, they were informed, was then on board said ship, might be delivered to the deputy sheriff, in pursuance of a warrant for that purpose. That the said officer then on dock, answered this deponent, that Captain Linzee, the commander of the said ship, was not on board ; and that he, the said officer, could do nothing without orders. The said officer further acquainted them, that Capt. Linzee was then on shore, at Brenton's Point. That, this deponent then, together with the said deputy sheriff, went on shore, at the farm of Jahleel Brenton ; where, at the said Jahleel Brenton's house, this de ponent saw the said Capt. Linzee, and acquainted him that he came to attend the deputy sheriff with a warrant, in order to demand of him, the said Capt. Linzee, that he would deliver up to the civil magistrate a mulatto boy, called Aaron (who, they were informed, was on board the Beaver man-of-war, under his command), in order for his examination and commitment ; and at the same time, this deponent showed to the said Capt. Linzee, the said warrant, and he was then and there re quested to deliver up said mulatto, in consequence, thereof. To which, the said Capt. Linzee then answered, that it was true that he had the said mulatto then on board His Majesty's said ship, the Beaver ; but that he would not deliver liim to any civil authority, whatever, in the said colony. This deponent then told Capt. Linzee, that he, this deponent, came to wait upon the said Capt. Linzee, at the particular request of Governor Wanton, the chief mag istrate of said colony, in order to explain to him, if necessary, the nature of the war rant, and tbe impropriety of Capt. Linzce's conduct, in withholding a man charged with a capital crime, from the civil power. To which, Capt. Linzee rephed, that he knew no civil authority, in said colony ; that, in regard to the Governor, he was a. damned rascal, and that Admiral Mon tagu's power was the only power he knew in America, and without his orders ho should not deliver the said mulatto^ The deponent then asked him, the said Capt. Linzee, if he had any doubt about the legality of the warrant, which this deponent held in his hand ? To which, Capt. Linzee, looking carelessly upon it, said, it might be good for what he knew ; but that he did not regard it any more than if it was a piece of blank paper. This deponent further saith, that the deputy sheriff (who was with this deponent, at Jahleel Brenton's farm,) did not go into the house where Capt. Linzee was, but waited without doors, as Capt. Linzee (being at that time suspicious of being ar rested by civil process, on account of some seizures which had been made by him,) would not consent that the deputy sheriff should see him. And further this depo nent saith not. J. BRENTON. Newport, January 8, 1773. Sworn to, before the commissioners, — J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER. ROBT. AUCHMUTY, 128 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. The commissioners thought it advisable to defer the exami nation of any of the witnesses respecting the burning of the Gaspee, &c, until the arrival of Admiral Montagu, at New port ; or they receive an answer from him, to their letter writ ten the 5th inst., and transmitted by Capt. Symonds. The proceedings on the commission then adjourned till to morrow, at 10 o'clock, in the forenoon, then to meet at the colony house, aforesaid. Saturday, January 9, 1773. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. Present— Joseph Wanton, Esq., Daniel Horsmanden, Esq., Frederick Smythe, Esq., Peter Oliver, Esq. and Robert Auchmuty, Esq. Darius Sessions, Esq., Deputy Governor of the colony of Rhode Island, attended the commissioners, with a declaration in writing, containing a full and particular account of the measures he had taken, in order to make a discovery of the persons concerned in the attacking and burning the Gaspee schooner ; which was read, sworn to, and ordered to be filed. Deposition of Deputy Governor Darius Sessions. Colony of Rhode Island, &c. . Be it remembered, that at Newport, in said colony, on the 9th day of January, in the year of our Lord 17 73, before tbe commissioners appointed by a'commission un der the great seal of Great Britain, for inquiring into and reporting unto His Majesty, all the circumstances of burning His Majesty's schooner Gaspee, &c, on tbe 10th of June last, in his proper person, came and appeared the Hon. Darius Sessions, Esq., of Providence, and Deputy Governor of the colony, aforesaid ; who being duly sworn upon the holy evangelists of Almighty God, testifieth and saith : That in the 9th of June last, at about 9 o'clock, he heard a drum beat in the street, opposite to his house. Soon after he went to his window and looked out, and saw the drum surrounded by a number of boys, at some distance from the house, going up street ; in a short time afterwards, he heard the drum returning ; whereupon, he went back to his window, where he remained until it passed his house ; and, as the moon shone very bright, he could plainly discover they were only a company of boys, not exceeding ten or twelve in number ; two or three of which, appeared to be about thirteen or fourteen years of age ; the others about ten or twelve ; and concluding they were gathered together for no other design than to divert themselves with the drum, he retired from his window, without sayino- any- 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 129 thing to the boys; soon after which, the noise of the drum ceased; the remaining part of that night, he heard not the, least noise or disturbance, in the streets, or in any other part of the town, nor received an}' the least hint, suggestion, intimation or information of any riot, outrage or tumultuous assembling of the people, nor intention thereof; neither did he then know there was an armed vessel in the river, nearer than the town of Newport, whicb is thirty miles from Providence ; had he known, or even suspected any riot, his utmost endeavors would have been exerted in surpass ing it. The next morning, one of his neighbors came and told him the Gaspee was burnt, and the captain wounded ; and that an express had arrived in town for a surgeon, to dress the wounds of the officer, who lay then at Pawtuxet, about five miles from Providence. Immediately upon hearing this disagreeable news, he set out with a design to examine into the affair ; and when he reached Pawtuxet, he saw the schooner on fire, lying on a point of land, called and known by the name of Namquit Point, about two miles from Pawtuxet, in the town of Warwick, in the county of Kent, and colony, aforesaid, He made inquiry if any of the offenders were known, but could get no informa tion ; he then went to a small bouse by the shore, where he heard Lieutenant Dud ingston was lodged, and there found him in dangerous circumstances. He toll Lieutenant Dudingston if he wanted money, surgeons, or better lodgings, or any kind of assistance, he should have every relief in his power. Mr. Dudingston replied, that he had saved his money, which was about one hun dred dollars, and therefore wanted no favors for himself; but desired that some care might be taken of Iris people, that tbey might be collected together, and sent to the admiral, at Boston, or on board the Beaver, at Newport, which tbe deponent prom ised he. would do. He then told Mr. Dudingston the design of his visit at that time, was not only to afford him any assistance he might need, but also to procure such a declaration from his own mouth, respecting the attack that had been made on his person, and the vessel he commanded, that tbe offenders might be brought to justice. Mr. Dudingston answered, that he would give him no account of the matter. First, because of his indisposition of body ; and second, because it was his duty to forbear any thing of that nature, until he had done it unto a court martial, untp which, if he lived, he would be called by his commanding officer. The deponent then asked him, if he was willing he should examine his officers and people ; which, after some refusal, he consented to ; and they all agreeing nearly to every thing material relative to the destruction of the schooner, he forth with transmitted copies of their examinations to the Governor. The deponent then gave orders that the seamen should be collected together, and provided with victuals and lodgings, and that a boat should be got ready by the next morning, to carry them on board the Beaver ; all which, was executed with care and expedition. The deponent also gave orders that the stores and remains should be collected and lodged in a warehouse, which was done, and soon after delivered to Capt. Linzee, of the Beaver. He also desired » gentleman, who lived near Mr. Dudingston, to supply said Dudr ingston with any thing he wanted ; and also that he would lodge and entertain any surgeons or others, who might come to visit him ; and which the deponent verily be- VOL. VII. 17 130 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. lieves he verily complied with. These expenses were recommended by the depo nent, to the General Assembly, wdio ordered payment out of the pubhc treasury. The deponent consulted with the Chief Justice, and most of the civil au thority in that part of the colony where he resides, who highly disapproved of the riot ; and universally declared they were ignorant of any of the proceedings, and gave it as their opinion that measures ought to be pursued for discovering and bringing to justice the perpetrators. A proclamation was soon after issued by the Governor, which was posted up in all the towns near where the offence was committed ; but as yet, the deponent has not received any information of any of the persons concerned in that offence ; nei ther has he ever heard that information has been made to any ofthe civil authority within the colony. And further this deponent saith not. DARIUS SESSIONS. N. B. The words, " nor intention thereof," on the fifth hne of the second page ; " and colony, aforesaid," on the eighteenth line of the same page ; " which, after some refusal, he consented to, and the}-," in the nineteenth line of the third page ; " relative to the destruction of the schooner," in the twentieth line of the same page, were interlined before the above deposition was signed and sworn to. Sworn to, at Newport, this 9th day of January, before us, — J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER. ROBT. AUCHMUTY. A letter was delivered to the commissioners, about two o' clock, P. M., then sitting at the colony house, by express, in answer to their letter of the 5th instant, and forwarded by Capt. Symonds, which was read, and ordered to be filed. Admiral Montagu to the Commissioners, $-c. Boston, 8th January, 1773, ) 1 o'clock, P. M. } Gentlemen : — I was last night favored with your letter, by Capt. Symonds ; and as you are so desirous of having me at Rhode Island, I shall, without you alter your opinions, set out on Monday next. At the same time, give me leave to observe to you, tbat my coming at the time, is attended with a great delay to His Majesty's service here, and at Halifax, and can answer no purpose, as I have fully and properly directed the commanding officer at that place in what manner he is to act, relative to his assisting the commissioners and receiving the prisoners. You say, by your instructions, you are directed to deliver to the custody of the com mander in chief of His Majesty's ships and vessels in North America, all such prisoners as may be apprehended ; and therefore, you are of opinion, that in that case, if any 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 131 person or persons should be arrested for the crime set forth in your commission, I am the only person to whom such prisoners can regularly be delivered, for safe custody. In answer to which, I beg leave to refer you to the sixth paragraph of My Lord Dartmouth's letter, to Governor Wanton, where you will see, " The prisoners are to be delivered to the care and custody of Rear Admiral Montagu, or the commander in chief in North America, for the time being, or to such officer as he shall appoint to receive them." By my instructions from the lords of the admiralty, I am directed to repair to Rhode Island, as soon as conveniently may be, with such of His Majesty's ships and vessels under my command, as I shall judge proper, and give all the aid and assist ance in my power, for discovering and bringing to justice the offenders. The winter season is so far advanced, as prevents my complying with that part of my orders, as it is very improper to move so large a ship as the Captain, at this time of the year ; and without her, it is impossible for mo to carry on the service. I flatter myself, there has been no delay of business, owing to my not coming with the commission ; for had I been there, I should have tendered it in the same man ner I have done, as by my instructions, I am directed, when the commissioners are ready to receive it, to cause it to be delivered to them. I shall certainly set out on Monday next, if I can complete my business here, and be ready to give you every assistance in my power. I am, witb respect, gentlemen, Your most obedient, and most humble servant, J. MONTAGU. To His Majesty's commissioners, at Rhode Island. The commissioners immediately agreed to an answer ; which was written accordingly, and sent off about three o'clock, by the same express. Monday, January 11, 1773. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. Present — Joseph Wanton, Esq., Daniel Horsmanden, Esq., Frederick Smythe, Esq., Peter Oliver, Esq., and Robert Auch muty, Esq. The commissioners received a letter from Metcalfe Bowler, Esq., one of the justices of assize, in the colony of Rhode Is land, tendering his services in aid of the commission, which was read ordered to be filed. 132 EECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [l772. Justice Metcalfe Bowler to the Commissioners, SfC. Newport, January 11, 1773. Gentlemen : — In obedience to His Majesty's command, signified by Lord Dartmouth, to His Honor the Governor, dated Whitehall, September 4th, 17 72, which was laid be fore the General Assembly, wherein His Lordship expressed His Majesty's depend ence upon the care and vigilance of the civil magistrates of the colon}-, to take the proper measures for arresting and committing to custody, in order to their being brought to justice, such persons as shall, upon proper information before them, or before His Majesty's commissioners, appear to have been concerned in the plunder ing and destroying His Majesty's schooner Gaspee, and dangerously wounding and ill-treating His Majesty's officer who commanded her, &c. As a civil magistrate, and one of His Majesty's justices of assize, in and throughout the colony, impressed with a regard for the dignity ofthe crown, and the welfare of the colon}-, I now tender my assistance, whenever it shall be necessary ; and when called upon by the commissioners, or otherwise, will exert every authority which the colony has invested me with, towards the apprehending any persons against whom information may be lodged, of being concerned in the destruction of His Majesty's schooner, the Gaspee, or may appear to have been any ways aiding or assisting in that most daring insult offered against His Majesty's crown and dignity, within the colony, on the 10th of June last. I am, with the greatest respect, Your most obedient humble servant, METCALFE BOWLER. To the Honorable His Majesty's Commissioners. The commissioners issued a summons for bringing before them Stephen Gulley, a witness, relative to the taking and burning of the Gaspee schooner, in order to be examined be fore them, at 11 o'clock, to-morrow morning. Tuesday, January 12. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. Present — Joseph Wanton, Esq., Daniel Horsmanden, Esq., Frederick Smythe, Esq., Peter Oliver, Esq., and Robert Auch muty, Esq. Stephen Gulley, who was summoned to give evidence to the commissioners, of what he knew concerning the attacking and burning the Gaspee, &c, appeared before them, and was ex amined upon oath ; which examination was reduced to writ ing, signed by the deponent, and ordered to be filed. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 133 The Deposition of Stephen Gulley. The examination on oath, of Stephen Gulley, before the honorable commissioners, this 12th day of January, A. D. 1773. Question — What is your name and occupation '! Answer — Stephen Gulley, is my name, and a husbandman, my occupation. Q. — What age are you ? A. — Aged forty-one years. Q. — Where is your place of abode ? A. — At Smithfield, in the county of Providence, in the colony of Rhode Island. Q. — Have you lately been on board any of His Majesty's ships ? WThat ship ? How long have you been on board ? A. — That he has been on board His Majesty's ship, the Lizard, ever since Tues day last ; and that he went voluntarily on board for his own personal safety. Q. — What reason had you to suppose you was unsafe ? A. — On Monday night, the 5th inst., he went into the public house, at the ferry, on Rhode Island side, where he sat down and called for some drink, which they gave him ; he then called for supper, and had it ; afterwards, he rose from the table and sat down near the fire-place, by the master of the house, when a man, unknown to him, came and sat down by his side. I asked where he was bound ; he said to Newport. The man told him he would not get there ; he asked him for wdiat reason he thought so ; he replied, there were about twenty armed men in the road, one of them, with two brass pistols ; who, he said, were come to take him alive or dead, to carry him back to Providence ; that he, said man, went out into the other room. The landlord then spoke to the deponent, and told him he would give him a word of advice ; he said there Were about twenty armed men, that said they would have him, the deponent ; and that he did not know but they would tear his house down, if he stayed there. He then called his children, and, he believes, his wife, into the room, and gave them a strict charge to tell the men, if they inquired after this deponent, that he was gone out with tbe landlord, to talk together ; and that this happened about eight o'clock, in the evening. The landlord then told him he would show him a way where he might escape their hands, that they might know nothing where he was gone. The landlord then went with him about a quarter of a mile, he thinks from said house, in sight of a pond, and they then parted, the landlord first directing him to the road to Newport. Q. — 'What do you know relative to the attacking and burning tbe Gaspee schooner, on the said 10th of June last ? A. — As to my own knowledge, I know nothing about it ; but that some time about tbe last of December last, he was told by Capt. William Thayer, of Mendon, in the Province of Massachusetts, that Saul Ramsdale, late of Mendon, who was a shoemaker, at work at Providence, at the time the Gaspee was burnt, told him and one of his sons, he knew who the persons were, who were concerned in that affair ; nd that he, the said Ramsdale, was in company with them, before they went off from Providence, but did not go himself; upon which, this deponent went immedi ately to Ramsdale, who was then at Mendon. 134 RECORDS OF TOE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. He found a young fellow with him ; but upon this deponent telling Ramsdale that he wanted a private conversation with him, the young man went away ; this depo nent then asked him about the burning of said Gaspee schooner, and whether he had any knowledge of that matter. Ramsdale then asked him who told him that he, Ramsdale, knew any thing of that matter. He told him he did not choose to say who gave him that intelligence ; he, said deponent, then told him, if he would give this deponent any intelligence about the burning the Gaspee schooner, he would be a good friend to him. Ramsdale then told him he did know something about the thing ; that he knew the heads of the gang that went down the river with that intention ; that he saw two men with guns under their arms ; and one of them swore with a very high oath, that he would be revenged upon the affair he was going upon, before he re turned ; and that he, the said Ramsdale, was picked for one of the gang to go with them ; but being faint-hearted and discouraged, he did not go. This deponent then asked him whether some of tho Browns were not con cerned. Ramsdale answered yes ; but does not remember that he mentioned his Christian name. He, this deponent, then asked him how many in number there were ; if there were two hundred. He said more. He then asked him, if there were four hundred. He said not so many. He then asked him, if there were three hundred. He said yes. He then asked him, if there were any more. He said yes ; something upwards. He then parted with said Ramsdale, and this deponent then went to BostonT This deponent further saith, that he had been acquainted with said Ramsdale many years ; that he told said Ramsdale that he would be sent for, and Ramsdale begged he would not discover him. STEPHEN GULLEY. Newport, 12th January, 1773. Sworn to, before us, — J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER. ROBT. AUCHMUTY, The commissioners were of opinion, that it was necessary to issue a summons to Saul Ramsdale, William Thayer and Jo seph Borden. A summons was accordingly issued, and delivered to Samuel Clarke, who was sent off express, at 2 o'clock. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS, 135 Wednesday, January 13, 1773. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. Present — Joseph Wanton, Esq., Daniel Horsmanden, Esq., Frederick Smythe, Esq., Peter Oliver Esq., and Robert Auch muty, Esq. Joseph Borden, of Portsmouth, inn-holder, pursuant to sum mons, appeared before the commissioners, and was examined upon oath ; which examination, was taken in writing, and or dered to be filed. The Deposition of Joseph Borden. Colony of Rhode Island, } Newport, ss. January 13th, 1773. 5 Joseph Borden, of Portsmouth, in the county of Newport, in the colony of Rhode Island, &c, landholder, of lawful age, appeared before, the honorable commissioners for inquiring into the circumstances of burning the Gaspee, &c. ; and being sworn upon the holy evangelists of Almighty God, deposeth and saith : That some time in the beginning of last week, a man came to his house, in Ports mouth, who called himself Stephen Gulley ; he appeared to be in liquor, and re quested that he might have supper and lodgings, which the deponent told lu'm he might have. Before supper, he went from the deponent's house, in company with one Thomas Aylesbury ; and as they had both been noisy and used very bad language, the de ponent fastened the doors of his house, in order to keep them out. After some time, this Stephen Gulley returned, and knocked at the door ; upon which, he let him in, and told him his supper was ready in the back room ; and while he was eating his supper, Aylesbury returned, and said to Gulley, " My friend, I beheve you are upon some bad design, as I understood, by your talk, you are going to Newport to give information about the burning the Gaspee." To which, Gulley replied, that " It was nobody's business but his own." Then Aylesbury told him, he would not get to Newport, as there were a number pf Indians, with brass pistols, in the road, who would take care of him. But this deponent in fact sayeth, that he did not know, neither has he any reason to beheve, there were any Indians in the road loading to Newport ; and the depo nent supposed that Aylesbury told his story to Gulley, with no other design but to frighten him. After Aylesbury left the room, Gulley asked the deponent what he should do ; and as he recollected Aylesbury was in liquor, and did not know but there might be some disturbance between him and Gulley, he, the deponent, told Gulley there was a lower road that he might go in, by which he might avoid that which Aylesr bury had told him the Indians were in ; and if he would pay his reckoning, he would go and direct him to that road. On which, he asked the deponent if he would not take a weapon with him. Whereupon, he repHed, that he should not take a weapon with him, as he did not 136 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. believe any body would hurt him, the deponent, or the said Gulley ; and then im mediately proceeded to show him the road, by going with him, as far as his barn, which is about twenty rods from the deponent's house ; and showed him a pond, near to which, was a road ; and directed him to take that road, and steer southward, till he came into the main road, which he would soon do. The deponent then left Gulley, and returned to his dwelling house, where he saw nobody but his own family, either in the house or about it, and every thing remained quiet. And this deponent further saith, that while he was in the kitchen, soon after Gulley came to his house, and before Aylesbury had told Gulley he believed he was upon some bad design, he heard a person reading the King's proclamation for dis covering the persons who burnt the Gaspee schooner ; upon which, Gulley said it was a fine reward, and he intended to have it ; and the deponent believes that Aylesbury was then in the room ; and further, this deponent saith not. JOSEPH BORDEN. Sworn to, at Newport, the day and year before written, before us, — J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER. ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Thursday, January 14, 1773. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. Present — Joseph Wanton, Esq., Daniel Horsmanden, Esq., Frederick Smythe, Esq., Peter Oliver, Esq. and Robert Auch muty, Esq. Aaron, the mulatto, appeared before the commisssioners, and was examined upon oath, relative to the burning the Gas pee, which was taken in writing, and filed. Deposition of the Negro Aaron Briggs. The examination of Aaron, a mulatto, upon oath, taken this 14th day of January, A. D. 1773. Aaron Briggs, aged eighteen years, or thereabout, declares, that at the age of five years, he was bound by the town of Portsmouth, an apprentice to Capt. Samuel Tompkins, of Prudence Island, until he should arrive at the age of twenty-four years ; from which time, until he went on board the man-of-war, he was constantlv in the service ofthe said Capt. Tompkins, as a laborer, on his farm. That his master kept a two-mast boat, in which to transport his farm pi-oduce to market ; which was the only sail-boat within five miles of his master's farm, at the time the Gaspee was burnt. That, at that time, one Remington, who lived about one mile from where the de ponent lived, had a row-boat, large enough for six hands to row; also, one Ephraim Peirce, at about a mile and a half distance, had a two-mast boat ; and that the sails of his master's boat, had been taken off some time before the night on which the Gaspee was burnt ; and she leaked in such a manner, tbat she could not sail. That a little after sunset, on the night on which the Gaspee was burnt, he left the 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 137 island of Prudence, but does not know the day of the week, or the day of the month ; that he went off the island in a little fishing-boat, of two oars, which boat lay just before the house ; that before sunrise, and about an hour after day-break, he returned to his master's house, from the shore where they landed the people be longing to the Gaspee ; which shore, was about a mile above said Gaspee ; and the Gaspee about six miles from his master's house ; and that it was about four or five miles from his master's, to the place where they landed the Gaspee people ; that he found the oars in the boat, that he went off said island in. That the reason he went off the island, was to carry the boat round to the east side of said island, to carry a man named Samuel Faulkner, a hired man, to Bristol the next night ; and that this young man told the deponent, that he would ask his master's leave, for that purpose. That going round said island, at about half a mile from said shore of said island, he met a boat and one Potter, whose Christian name he does not know, and whom he, in company with Faulkner, abovenamed, had once seen on a wharf, at Bristol, and there beard him called by the name of Potter. And further says, that said Faulkner told him, that that was the person who owned the rope-walk at Bristol, which they had been in ; that when he met said Potter, as above mentioned, he was in a boat which was rowed with eight oars ; that the time he met the said Potter, was about half an hour after he, this deponent left the island, and he, said Potter, was about five miles from Bristol ; that there were eleven men in said boat ; said Potter was in the stern sheets ; that the weather waj cloudy ; that when Potter hailed him, they were about fifteen rods distant. The first words Potter spoke, was by asking who was in that boat. The deponent answered, he was in there. Potter told him to come that way, he wanted to speak to him. Upon which, he went to him ; and Potter told him he wanted this deponent to go up with him, about a mile, and that he would be back in an hour. This deponent said he could not ; he was in a hurry to go home. To which, Potter replied, he must go with him. The deponent answered, he could not ; he must go home, or his master would punish him ; and this deponent then began to row away. Potter told him he wanted this deponent to go with him, to fetch something down, which this deponent had forgotten ; and that he would pay him for so doing. This deponent said he had rather go home, for if his master should miss him, he would say he was out all night, and flog him. Upon which, Potter said, there is no can't in the matter ; you must go along with me ; we shall be back in an hour ; and further said, give me your painter, you need not row, we will carry you up there.. Upon which, this deponent gave them the painter ; that he, this deponent, being in his own boat, was rowed up by Potter's boat, till they came within half a mile of the schooner. Potter then said to this 4ePonent, get into my boat; that he got into the boat; Potter then told him, they were going to burn the man-of-war schoopcr, and that he, this deponent, must go with him. To which he replied, that it was hard for him to be brought there, where h§ might lose his life, Potter then said, they were all upon their lives. This deponent still repeated, it was hard for him to go.. yoL. vil 18 138 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. But Potter said he must go, now he was there ; that they would give him a wea pon, and he must do as they did, knock them down, and not let them kill him, if he could help it, and gave him a handspike ; tbe rest were armed some with cutlasses, some with muskets; this happened at about 10 o'clock, at night- Potter further told this deponent, that they expected sixteen or seventeen more boats froca Providence. In about an hour afterwards, they met eight boats, about half a mile from the schooner, which appeared to be pretty full of people. Upon their meeting, Potter and two men, called Brown by the people, whom this deponent did not know, talked about how they should board the schooner. One of these persons, called Brown, got into Potter's boat, on which they were bailed from the Gaspee, and told to stand off; upon which, Brown said row up. Immediately after, he, this deponent, saw the captain ofthe schooner come upon deck, in his breeches, and fired a pistol into one of the boats, and wounded one of the men in the thigh ; that he saw a man who was in the boat with Potter, and who was called Brown, fire a musket, which wounded the captain ; after which, there was no more firing ; but they instantly boarded the schooner ; that the captain of the schooner, when he was wounded, he thinks, stood by the foreshrouds, upon the left hand side. When they got on board, there were about four of the schooner.'s men on deck, and the rest were coming up out of the hold ; and somebody said, " Knock 'em down and kill them ; no matter what you do with them." That this deponent did not know the -Browns, nor hear them called by their Christian names ; and further declares, that it was John Brown, who shot the cap tain ; and that he hath never seen either of the Browns since. That after they got possession of the vessel, they took the hands belonging to the schooner, aud threw them down the hold ; and this happened about 3 o'clock, in the morning. Then the people searched the vessel, took the captain's papers, which he desired they would give him ; but they refused, tore them, and threw them overboard. Then they took the Gaspee's people, tied their hands, and put them into the boat, and carried them ashore, this deponent going with them. By the time they got half way ashore, the schooner was on fire ; that before they went ashore, a doctor, whom they called Weeks, from one ofthe boats, dressed the captain's wounds ; that when they had landed the people, they untied their hands, and let them go, and the captain of the schooner they carried up to a house. After they had landed the men, they put off to return, and Potter told tbem he would give him two dollars for what he had done, which he accordingly did ; upon which, this deponent set off in his own boat, and rowed home ; that it was about four o'clock, when they had landed the schooner's people ; that it was a mooulio-ht night, but sometimes cloudy ; tbat soon after the people had boarded the schooner, they hoisted the top-sails, her head laying up towards Providence ; and he saw nothing further done to her, or her sails ; that the schoooner, when they boarded her, was aground ; that the person who acted as surgeon, he thinks he has seen at his mas ter's house ; but is not sure it was the same person. This deponent further says, that the person to whom he first gave an account of the above affair of burning the Gaspee, was Capt. Linzee, of the Beaver. Some time after the burning of the schooner, he went on board the Beaver, in his master's said boat ; that immediately upon his going on board, they put bim in irons 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 189 because they imagined he intended to run away from his master ; it was about 10 o'clock, at night, wheu the deponent was put in irons, and was released about 10 o'clock, the next day, and then they were going to flog him. After he was tied up to the mast, one of the Gaspee's men, called Paddy Alis, jumped up, and told the captain, that he thought he, this deponent, was one that was aboard the schooner Gaspee. About this time, the deponent had said nothing about the burning of the schooner nor had made no discovery relating to what he knew. The captain asked the man if he was sure of it. He said yes. The captain asked what clothes he had on. The man said two frocks. Then the captain told the man to examine what clothes he had, which they found were two frocks. There was no mention made of any other clothes. The next day, Paddy Alis, and the deponent, were called up before the captain, who asked Paddy if he was sure that tliis deponent was one concerned in the attack on the schooner. He said yes. He further asked him, if he could swear to it. He answered yes. That the captain then administered an oath to the said Paddy, upon the Bible, who swore that this deponent was there. The captain then said to this deponent, " My lad, you see this man has declared you was there ; and if you don't tell who was there with you, I will hang you at the yard arm, immediately ; and if you do, you shall not be hurt" Upon which, this deponent told the captain all the heads that were there i the captain saying he did not want to know any thing about the poor people, but only the heads. This deponent farther says, that he never spoke to any of the Beaver's crew till he got on board } that his master's boat, in which this deponent went on board the ship, his master went on board and received again ; that this deponent went on board said man-of-war with an intention not to return again to his master ; that he, this depo nent, never was christened, and that he should have told Capt. Linzee all he knew relating to the Gaspee, immediately upon his going on board, if they had not put him in irons. The deponent further says, that the morning after the burning of the schooner, when he returned to his master's, he went to bed with two black servants, with whom he usually slept ; he lay there a httle while, and upon his master's knocking, he got up, and went to fetch the cows. That when he first returned to his master's house, he got in at a lower window, on the south-west part of the house, which opens into the middle room ; that during the whole transaction on said night the schooner was burnt, no man called this de ponent by his name, or knew him. his AARON {*! BRIGGS. mark. Sworn to, this 14th day of January, A. D. 1773, at the council chamber, in New port, before us — J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER. ROBT. AUCHMUTY, 140 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1772. The commissioners issued a summons for Patrick Earle, to appear before them, on Friday, the 15th inst., to give evi dence of what he knows respecting the burning of the Gas pee, &c. The commisssioners received a letter from Admiral Mon tagu, acquainting them of his arrival at Newport. Admiral Montagu to the Commissioners, fyc Newport, Rhode Island, > 14th January, 1773. > Gentlemen : — At your request (although at a very unseasonable time of the year, and not in the manner I am directed by my instructions from my lords commission er of the admiralty), I am come to this place, and have hoisted my flag on board the Lizard. I shall be glad, therefore, that you will inform me what service I can render to you, in the execution of your commission. I flattered myself I had given Captain Keeler (the senior officer of His Majesty's ships here,) such orders as would not have required my attendance, until I was able to have come in a proper manner, with the ships under my command, and at a proper season of the year. I doubt not but that he would have faithfully put his orders in force, and have given you the same assistance I can possibly do, now I am come. I have ordered Aaron, the negro, to be brought to the wharf, agreeably to your summons, who will be delivered to your officer ; and I am to desire, when you have done with him, the civil officers may be directed to see him safe to the boat again. I am, gentlemen, Your most obedient and humble servant, J. MONTAGU. To His Majesty's commissioners, at Newport. The commissioners received from Admiral Montagu, the deposition of Patrick Earle, taken the 16th of July last, before a justice of the peace, in the town of Newport. The commissioners adjourned till to-morrow morning, at 10 o'clock. Friday, January 15. The weather being extremely cold and violently stormy, the commissioners did not meet. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 141 Saturday, January 16. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. Present — Joseph Wanton, Esq., Frederick Smythe, Esq., Peter Oliver, Esq. and Robert Auchmuty, Esq. Patrick Earle, a mariner, on board His Majesty's ship, the Lizard, pursuant to summons, appeared before the commis sioners, and was examined upon oath ; which examination was taken in writing, and ordered to be filed. Deposition qf Patrick Earle. The examination of Patrick Earle, taken on oath, this 16th of January, 1773 : Patrick Earle, of full age, a mariner, on board His Majesty's ship the Lizard, commanded by Capt. Inglis, being duly sworn, deposeth and saith : That he was a sailor on board the Gaspee schooner; on the 10th of June last ; when she was run aground on a spit of land, that between 1 and 2 clock, the captain called all hands on deck ; and this deponent coming up with the rest of the sea men, when he saw a number of armed men, with two or three muskets and clubs; that he saw those persons break open the arm-chest, and furnish themselves with cutlasses. Soon after this, this deponent was knocked down with a club, and pitched into the hold ; and in about a quarter of an hour, was called upon deck, where his arms were tied behind him, and shoved into a boat, which, with about six others, was laying alongside the schooner ; that as soon as the deck was cleared of all the officers and sailors belonging to the Gaspee, and put into the boats, they were rowed to a small village, towards Providence, about three miles distant from the schooner, where they were landed. This deponent further saith, that Lieutenant Dudingston was placed in the stern ofthe same boat, in which he, the deponent, came on shore ; and that he, in then- passage to the shore, contrived to unloose his arms, and took an oar from a negro man, at the bow of the boat, whom he verily believes to be the negro Aaron, now on board the Lizard, and helped him to row the boat ; and that, to the best of his belief it was about 3 or 4 o'clock in the morning, when he, with the captain and the others, were landed. This deponent also saith, that he well remembers, that while the persons were at tacking the sailors on board the schooner, he heard the name of Potter mentioned. That one of the people said, '¦ Potter, it is the best way to set the men on shore ; for that it was not their fault, but the officers." To which, a person, then standing on the quarter-deck, to whom the above ex pression was directed, who was a tall, shm man, with a long, sharp nose, in hght colored long clothes, his hair tied behind, who looked more hke a shoreman, than a seaman, answered, " Let it be so." He also saith, that after he was landed, he saw the boats return towards the 142 Records of the colony of rhode island [1772. schooner ; and in about half an hour after, he saw the schooner on fire, and the guns blowing off ; that it was cloudy and calm weather. And this deponent further saith, that on the morning after the negro Aaron came on board the Beaver, at 8 o'clock, he saw him in irons, in the galley, and immedi ately recollected him as the same person whom he assisted to row the boat as above mentioned ; but did not speak to him, but directly told one John Johnson, the boat swain of the schooner, that he well knew the negro was one of the persons who rowed the boat on shore with him. That on the next day, Capt. Linzee, commander of the Beaver, gave directions to his boatswain to get some spun-yarn, to tie up the negro, and give him two or three dozen, to find out what he came on board for, or if he knew any thing con cerning the burning the schooner ; that he was stripped in order to be punished ; upon which, the boatswain of the Gaspee then called out, " One of the men knew him to be one of the persons who rowed the captain on shore, and was concerned in burning the schooner." Upon which, the captain asked which of the men knew him ; that he called out to this deponent, and asked him if he knew any thing of the negro, and cautioned him to be careful in his answers. That the negro was then ordered in irons again, and the deponent called into the cabin and ordered by the captain to describe the negro's dress when on board the boat, which he did, to wit : A spotted or checked handkerchief round his head, a frock, a pair of long trow- sers, no shoes, and his hair tied behind not longer than an inch, or an inch and a half. Soon after, the captain sent for a justice from the town ; which justice swore him, and he confirmed the above account he had given under oath, relative to the negro. The deponent first saw the schooner on fire about breakfast time, which was about 6 o'clock, when he was ashore, when he heard the guns of the schooner blow off, but did not see her from the time he first left her, till he saw her on fire. He sat alongside of the negro in the boat, from the time the boat put off from the schooner, until she struck the shore where he landed; and that while rowing ashore he was cold, and asked the negro to let him row to warm himself, which he did ; and as they sat together, asked him, the negro, for a chew of tobacco, which he gave him. And this deponent further saith, that he never saw the said negro, before he saw him in the boat. his PATRICK X EARLE. mark. Sworn to, at Newport, on the 16th day of January, A. D. 1773, before — J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER. ROBT. AUCHMUTY, 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 143 A letter was delivered to the commissioners, by the ad miral's clerk, at about half past 11 o'clock, from Admiral Montagu, which was ordered to be filed. Admiral Montagu to the Commissioners, &c. His Majesty's ship Lizard, Newport, harbor, ~> 16th January, 1773. \ Gentlemen : — As I am informed there is a ship bound to England, I shall em brace the opportunity of writing to my lords commissioners of the admiralty, ac quainting them of my proceedings ; as also of the improbability of my remaining here, to assist the commissioners, until I can come in a proper manner, and at a proper season of the year. I shall be glad if you will inform me, whether you think the presence of Captain Dudingston is necessary, that I may apply to their lordships for his being sent out as soon as convenient. As the business of the naval department is totally at a stand, and cannot be car ried on, without. I have my ships here, I propose returning to Boston on Wednesday next, and shall, at a convenient time of the year repair to this place again, agreea bly to my instructions from their lordships. In the meantime, I shall take care to leave such orders with the senior officer of His Majesty's ships, as will answer every purpose of my staying. I shall, before I go, lay before you, the names of some persons who can give you information, relative to the assembling of the people concerned in burning the King's schooner. I must beg your answer, as I cannot close my letter to the admiralty until I re ceive it. I am, gentlemen, Your most obedient, humble servant, J. MONTAGU. To His Majesty's commissioners, assembled at Newport. John Andrew, Esq., judge of the court of vice admiralty, within the colony of Rhode Island ; Mr. Arthur Fenner, clerk in the supreme court, \n the county of Providence ; Messrs. John Cole, George Brown and Daniel Hitchcock, attor neys at law, in the town of Providence ; James Sabin, vintner, in the town of Providence. It is the desire of Admiral Montagu, that the above named persons may be sum moned, and examined before the commissioners, relative to the assembling of peo ple in the town of Providence, in the evening of- the 9th of June last, as a measure necessary, towards the discovery of the persons concerned in the burning qf His Majesty's schooner, the Gaspee. J. MONTAGU. 144 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. The commissioners immediately agreed to an answer, as well to this letter, as to the letter received from the admiral, on the 14th inst., in the following words : The Commissioners, $-c, to Admiral Montagu. Council Chamber, Newport, -\ January 16, 1773. \ Sir : — Yours, of the 14th instant, we should have answered yesterday, but the weather was so extremely bad, as to prevent the commissioners from meeting. You remark to us your coming here at a very unseasonable time, and not in the manner as you are directed by your instructions ; to which, you are sensible we are not utter strangers, nor was it our intention in writing to you, to infringe in the least, upon the same. As we have already informed you how our instructions are worded, we omit a re petition of the same ; but beg leave to refer you to the last paragraph in the com mission, by which you will perceive that we are expressly charged to conduct 'Our selves by such instructions as we should receive under the signet and sign manual, and agreeably to which, we have acted. We have no doubt but that Capt. Keeler would have punctually obeyed your or ders. The difficulty did not arise on that head, but from a conviction of the irregu larity of departing from our instructions. We shall be much obliged to you, when convenient, if you would attend us as a board, having some questions to ask you, relative to the information Lieutenant Dudingston gave you, concerning the burning and destroying the Gaspee. AVe are, sir, with great respect, Your most humble and obedient servants, J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER. ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners. To the Honorable Admiral Montagu, commander in chief of His Majesty's ships, &c, in North America, The Commissioners, fyc, to Admiral Montagu. Council Chamber, Newport, -\ January 16, 1773. \ Sir : — After repeatedly informing you of our instructions ; and also in our last, of a certain paragraph in our commission, copies of both which you have, and our sense of the same, we submit the construction of your orders from the lords commis sioners of the admiralty, entirely to you. In our last, and before we received yours of this day, we had desired your at tendance, in order to give us an account of what Lieutenant Dudingston had related to you, concerning the burning and destroying the Gaspee. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 145 We shall be always ready to receive any information from you, relative to the business we are -met on ; and are, sir, Yrour most obedient, humble servants, J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER ROBT. AUCMUTY, Commissioners. To the Honorable Admiral Montagu, commander in chief of His Majesty's ships in North America. Which letters were delivered to J. Brenton, Esq., one of the secretaries, who attended the admiral with them, and delivered them to the admiral's secretary, the admiral being abroad ; with the. following message from the commissioners, that they were now sitting, and would be glad to see the admiral at the board at any time this day before 2 o'clock, in the afternoon ; or on Monday or Tuesday next, if convenient to him. At 2 o'clock, a message was received by the commissioners, frotn Admiral Montagu, acquainting them he would wait on them on Monday morning next. [While the commissioners were in session, other officers of the colony were, by force of circumstances, impelled to take certain evidence, and hold certain correspondence, which, as the papers containing them, were before the commissioners, are here inserted.] Deposition of Rufus Greene, Jr. I, Rufus Greene, Jr., of East Greenwich, in the colony of Rhode Island, mariner, depose and say : That some time in February last, I was on board of, and commanded the sloop Fortune, lying at anchor in the Narragansett Bay, off North Kingstown ; having a quantity of rum on board, belonging to Nathaniel Greene & Co., when one Dundas, an officer of the schooner Gaspee, under the command of Lieutenant Dudingston, came on board, and asked this deponent if he would take any freight on board. To which, this deponent answered no. He then ordered this deponent to unlay the hatches ; and this deponent telling the said Dundas that said hatches were unlaid, he then ordered him into the cabin. And being demanded by what authority he thus did, rephed : " If you do not go into the cabin, I'll let you know,'7 drawing his sword. He then caught this deponent by the collar, and pushed him into the cabin. This deponent then came out of said cabin, and went forward, tp prevent the an chor's being weighed. VOL. VII. 19 146 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. He then clenched upon this deponent again, thrust him into the cabin, jammed the companion leaf upon his head, knocked him down upon a chest in said cabin, and confined him there for a considerable time. After this, the deponent entreating the said Dundas to let kirn free, he did so and made a seizure of said vessel and cargo (as he said), and put the letter "K" upon her hatches ; then towed said sloop to said schooner (it being calm), with three boats. This deponent being commanded aboard the schooner, aforesaid, obeyed ; went before said Lieutenant Dudingston, and after some conversation, was ordered from his presence, and confined in the gangway. This deponent asked said Dudingston, if he had a commission to seize, &c. To which, said Dudingston answered, that he had a good commission from His Majesty ; but showed none. The next day, this deponent was put on board another vessel ; and further saith not. RUFUS GREENE, JR. Kent, ss. East Greenwich, January 14, 1773. Personally appeared the above deponent, Rufus Greene, Jr. ; and being cautioned to speak the truth, made solemn oath upon the evangelists of Almighty God, that the before going narrative is true in all its parts. Coram, HOPKINS COOKE,Justice Peace. I do hereby certify, that the above deponent is of a respectable family, sober life, and ought to be credited. H. COOKE,Justice Peace. Deputy Governor Sessions to Governor Wanton, relative to Capt. William Thayer, and Saul Ramsdale. Providence, January 15, 1773. Sir : — This forenoon came to my house, Capt. William Thayer, of Mendon, and informed me that he had been cited by the honorable eommissionees at Newport, to appear before them this day, and declare what he knew relative to the destruc tion of the Gaspee. He tells me he is near seventy years of age, grievously afflicted with the rheuma tism, attended with many symptoms of a paralysis ; and that riding yesterday in the cold, stormy weather, has revived and so much increased his disorder, that he w?8 unable to proceed to Newport, but must endeavor to return home as soon as possi ble ; besides, he declared he knew nothing of the affair for which he was sum moned and solicited me very much to take his examination, and transmit it to the commissioners. I at last yielded to his request, and have enclosed to Your Honors his deposition which, if you think proper, may be laid before the commissioners. I have known Mr. Thayer for many years past, and have always understood that he was a man of good character. He says, if the gentlemen who cited him had any idea of the villainy of the fellows who informed them, neither he, nor any one else, he believes, had been troubled by them. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 147 And this evening, another person (one Ramsdale) came to me, who said he also was summoned to Newport, upon some occasion, and that he knew nothing respect ing the matter for which he was cited ; and urged me very much to take his depo sition to that purpose, that he might be dismissed ; but as he appeared to be a young, healthy man, and lest the commissioners might conceive I was too officious, in previously examining their witnesses, I advised him to deliver what he had to say, to the commissioners. I am, sir, with the greatest respect, Your Honor's most obedient and humble servant, DARIUS SESSIONS. To Governor Wanton. P. S. Since I wrote the above, I received a deposition from Greenwich, which I have also enclosed to Your Honors. Deposition of Capt. William Thayer, of Mendon. Colony of Rhode Island, &c. : The examination of Capt. William Thayer, of Mendon, in the county of Worces ter, in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, innholder, taken in Providence, in the colony aforesaid, this 15th day of January, in the thirteenth year of His Majesty's rei January 19th, 1773. ) Sir : — In our last conversation with you, you were pleased to inform us that by re port, Capt. Dudingston had made such declarations at Boston, relative to his recollec tion ofthe persons concerned in the destruction of the Gaspee, that his testimony would be very material in our present inquiry ; and from the language of Mr. Dudingston's letter to you, which you laid before us, we must be of the same opinion, as it is our determined resolution to do all in our power faithfully to execute the commission His Majesty has thought fit to honor us with. We must request of you to take such measures as you think proper, to get Capt. Dudingston to America, in order that he may be examined. In the same conversation, you also informed us, that at this inclement season of the year, it was impossible for you properly to execute your orders relative to the affair we are now met on, and that the other duties of your department must suffer if you did not very soon return to Boston ; and and therefore it was your determi nation to go thither to-morrow, or next day, if possible. Your absence from us, you are sensible, as we construe our instructions, and as we yesterday informed you, must make an adjournment of this board necessary. Indeed, without this difficulty, it is highly probable we should soon find ourselves under a necessity of adopting the same measure, for the want of Capt. Dudingston, and from the extreme rigor of the season, which renders it almost impossible to get witnesses who are at any distance from us. We are, with the greatest respect, Your most obedient humble servants, J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER, ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners, To the Honorable Admiral Montagu, commander in chief of His Majesty's ships, &c, in North America. P. S. Though the time to which the commissioners will adjourn, is not absolutely fixed yet it seems to be their opinion, that it must be on or about the 26th of May next ; which, they hope, will be agreeable to you. yoL. vii. 20 154 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. The commissioners also received another letter from the- ad miral, enclosing the deposition of Aaron Briggs, taken the day of , which was ordered to be filed. [According to the preceding journal of the commissioners, two or three letters, which passed between them and the ad miral, are wanting, to complete the file of their correspondence. During their session, they examined several witnesses, and held correspondence with several others.] Arthur Fenner to Governor Wanton, relative to the Gaspee. Providence, January 19, 1773. Honorable Sir : — I received a citation, signed by you, and a number of other gen tlemen, commanding my attendance at the colony house, in Newport, on the 20th day of January instant, to give in evidence to what I know relative to the attacking, taking and plundering His Majesty's schooner, called the Gaspee, &c. In consequence of which, I now inform you, that I am a man of seventy-four years of age, and very infirm ; and at the time said schooner was taken and plun dered, I was in my bed, and I knew nothing of it until the next day ; and as for my not attending, as commanded, I must plead my age and infirmity in excuse. From your most obedient friend and humble servant, ARTHUR FENNER. To the Honorable Joseph Wanton, Esq. James Sabin to the Commissioners, fyc. Providence, January 19th, 1773. To the honorable the commissioners appointed to inquire into the circumstances relative to the destroying the schooner Gaspee. Gentlemen : — I now address you, on account of a summons I received from you, requiring my attendance at the council chamber, in Newport, on Wednesday, 20th instant. Now, gentlemen, I beg leave to acquaint you, what renders me incapable of at tending. In the first place, I am an insolvent debtor ; and therefore, my person would be subject to an arrest by some one or other of my creditors ; and my health has been on decline these two months past, and it would be dangerous should I leave my house. And further, were I to attend, I could give no information relative to the assem bling, arming, training and leading on the people concerned in destroying the schooner Gaspee. On the 9th day of June last, at night, I was employed at my house, attending company ; who were John Andrew, Esq., judge of the court of vice admiralty, John Cole, Esq., Mr. Hitchcock and George Brown, who supped at my house and stayed 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 155 there until two of the clock, in the morning following ; and I have not any know ledge relative to the matter on which I am summoned ; which I am ready to make oath to, before any justice of the peace. I am, gentlemen, most respectfully, Yrour most humble servant, JAMES SABIN. To the Honorable Commissioners. The commissioners adjourned till to-morrow, at 10 o'clock. Wednesday, January 20. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. Present — Joseph Wanton, Esq., Daniel Horsmanden, Esq., Frederick Smythe, Esq., Peter Oliver, Esq., Robert Auch muty, Esq. The commissioners directed copies of the several letters which have passed between them and Admiral Montagu, to be made out, in order to be transmitted to the Earl of Dartmouth. George Brown, to the Commissioners, $-c. East Greenwich, January 20th, 1773. May it please Your Honors : — Late last night, I received a summons from Provi dence, to appear at the council chamber, in Newport, before Your Honors, there to give evidence of what I know concerning the burning of the schooner Gaspee ; and I should have waited on Your Honors, accordingly ; but, as the court of common pleas was then sitting in the county of Kent, and being concerned in several cases then pending in said court, I could not possibly attend according to summons ; therefore, I hope you will excuse my not attending. It has long been a custom for the attorneys, upon the concluding evening of filing pleas to the court, to meet together, to spend the evening. That night, the said schooner was burnt, happened to be the concluding evening of filing pleas ; accordingly, the gentlemen of the bar, together with myself, met at the house of James Sabin, in Providence, that being a public house of enter tainment. Some time after, I being there, heard a drum beat ; I asked the reason of said drum beating ; I was answered by some one of the company, that there was a num ber of boys met together, they supposed, to divert themselves. I knowing it to be no uncommon thing, thought no more about it ; and do sol emnly declare, that I have no knowledge, directly or indirectly, of any plot being 156 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1772. laid, or person concerned in perpetrating so vile a crime, and shall be ready at all times, when in my power, to appear and answer any question relating to said affair, if required. I am, gentlemen, Your Honors' most obedient and humble servant, G. BROWN. To the Honorable Commissioners. John Andrews, to the Commissioners, fyc. Providence, January 20, 1773. Gentlemen : — I this day received a summons at 12 o'clock, requesting my attend ance at 11 o'clock, this day, at the court house, in Newport, in. order to give evi dence before Y'our Honors to that knowledge I have, relating to the burning and destroying His Majesty's schooner, called the Gaspee ; and to the assembling, arm ing, training and leading the people concerned therein. I should have cheerfully obeyed said summons, had my health permitted ; but I have been confined for a week past, with a swelling in my hand, which hath ren dered me unable to stir out of doors. But as soon as I am able, I shall wait upon Your Honors, and inform you of all I know, relating to that matter, which Your Honors will judge just nothing at all to the purpose. I am, with great regard, Your Honors' most obedient and most humble servant, JOHN ANDREWS. To the Honorable Commissioners. P. S. I have judged proper to inform Your Honors of all particulars of know ledge I have, relating to the burning His Majesty's schooner, called the Gaspee, in the Narragansett River. I was in Providence town the evening before the mischief was done, and in com pany with a number of gentlemen ; I heard a disturbance in the street, and in quired into the cause, and was answered that it had been a training day, and they were breaking up their frolic ; and I heard nothing further that evening, relative thereto, but went to bed ; and nigh morning, was surprised with the news of the said schooner's being burned and destroyed. I then waited upon the Deputy Governor immediately ; and he, with me, repaired to the spot, where we found Mr. Dudingston badly wounded, and the said schooner appeared at a distance to be on fire, and burned down to the water. And the Deputy Governor inquired of Mr. Dudingston if he had any knowledge of any of the trespassers. And he made answer, that he should give no account about the matter, before he was brought before the court martial, where he expected his trial ; but was willing that his people should declare all they knew of the matter ; and were sworn before the Deputy Governor, accordingly. I Mr. Dudingston afterwards, and desired him, if he had any knowledge of any of the persons who did the mischief, he would inform me thereof, 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 157 that they may be brought to condign punishment ; but always declined saying any thing at all. And this is the substance of the knowledge I have of the matter ; which I am ready to swear to. JOHN ANDREWS. To the Honorable Commissioners. Daniel Hitchcock to the Commissioners, $-c. East Greenwich, January 20, 1773. May it please Your Honors : — Late last night, I had a citation from Providence, to appear before you, this day, at 11 o'clock, in the forenoon, to give evidence with regard to the burning the schooner Gaspee. And as I detest all such open violations of the law, should have been willing to have waited upon Yrour Honors, to let you know every thing within the compass of my knowledge relative to that matter, had not my engagements at Kent court, in this place, absolutely forbid my attendance ; and therefore, hope Your Honors will pardon me, on that account ; but every thing I know, touching that matter, I am ready to relate. It has been, may it please Your Honors, a long custom in this colony, for the attor neys at the concluding of filing of pleas for court, to meet some where together) and spend the evening ; that night the schooner was burnt, happened to be the con cluding evening. We met at Mr. Sabins's, by ourselves ; and about 8 o'clock, I went to the door, or, finally, kitchen, and saw a number of people in the street, but paid no attention to them, as that place was a place of public resort. Some time after 9 o'clock, I heard a drum beat, and was asked by somebody in the room, what was the occasion of the beating of that drum ; and it was answered by somebody, that it was beat by some boys, which quieted all further inquiry by me ; neither did I imagine that anything of that nature was about being perpe trated, till after it was in fact done. This, may it please Your Honors, is every thing that I know, or has come to my knowledge, relative to that transaction, and which I am willing, on solemn oath, to state before any of the civil authority in Providence ; to which place, I shall in a day or two, return. I am Your Honors's most obedient, humble servant, D. HITCHCOCK. To the Honorable Commissioners. John Cole to the Commissioners, <§rc. East Greenwich, January 20th, 1773. May it please Your Honors :— Late last evening, I received by the way of Provi dence, a citation to appear before Youp Honors, at 11 o'clock, this forenoon, to give evidence of what I know relative to the burning and destroying the schooner Gaspee. As the court of common pleas is now sitting here, and a number of clients depend ing upon my assistance in their several cases, I hope Your Honors will dispense with 158 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. my attendance at the council chamber at tbe time appointed. I am disposed to give Your Honors all the information that has come to my knowledge concerning the affair, which is extremely small. The evening preceding the burning of the Gaspee, I spent at Mr. James Sabins's tavern, in company with several gentlemen ; about 7 or 8 o'clock, hearing a noise in the street, I pulled back the shutters of one of the windows next the street, and saw several people collected together, but did not know any of them ; upon which, I made inquiry of the gentlemen in the room if they knew the occasion. And was answered by some of the company, but by whom I cannot particularly recollect, that he hoped they were not designed for mischief. To which, I rephed, I believed not ; if they were, they would not be so pubhc. Some time afterward, a drum was beating along the street ; upon which, I again opened the shutter, and saw three or four boys with a drum, and no other persons. And this, may it please Your Honors, is all I know, relative to this affair ; and which I am ready to make oath to, before any of the civil authority in Providence, to which place I shall return to-morrow or next day. I am, with all deference, Your Honors's most obedient and most humble servant, JOHN COLE. To the Honorable Commissioners. The commissioners adjourned till to-morrow, at 10 o'clock. Thursday, January 21. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. Present — Joseph Wanton, Esq., Frederick Smythe, Esq., Peter Oliver, Esq. and Robert Auchmuty, Esq. Samuel Clarke, who was charged with the delivery of the several summonses issued by the commissioners, on the 18th inst., made return upon oath of his service thereof, which was ordered to be filed. Samuel Clarke exhibited his account to the commissioners, for performing two journeys for them ; one to Mendon, and the other to Providence ; which amounted to , and was paid by the commissioners. The commissioners agreed to address the Earl of Dart mouth ; whereupon, a letter was drafted in the following words : 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 159 The Commissioners, $-c, to the Earl cf Dartmouth. Newport, Rhode Island, ' January 21, 1773. My Lord : — In obedience to His Majesty's commands, signified to us, by Yrour Lordship's letter ofthe 14th of September last, we, with the utmost dispatch in our power, repaired to Newport, where, on the 5th day of January inst., His Majesty's commission, under the great seal of Great Britain, was delivered to us in the council chamber, at Newport, by Capt. Keeler, commander of His Majesty's ship, the Mercury, and the commanding officer in the naval department at this place ; upon which, we immediately ordered the same to be publicly read and proclaimed ; which was ac cordingly done, before a great concourse of people, who, on the occasion, behaved with great decency. This being done, we proceeded, with all the dispatch in qui- power, to business ; and found in the last clause in our commission, that in the execution and performance of the power and authority thereby given us, we are strictly charged and com manded carefully to observe and conform ourselves to such instructions as we should receive in writing, under the King's sign manual. WTiereupon, we applied ourselves to the careful examination of those instructions ; in one of which, are the words, " To the end that the}' may accordingly be arrested and delivered to the custody of the commander in chief of our ships and vessels in North America, pursuant to such directions as we have thought fit to give for that purpose." Being convinced that the above charge given us by His Majesty, in our commis sion, referring to the instructions under the sign manual, could not be dispensed with, we wrote to Rear Admiral Montagu, that we were fully of opinion that his attendance at Newport was necessary, in order if there should appear evidence against any person sufficient to arrest him upon, he must be delivered to the ad miral, according to our instructions, from which we could not depart, notwithstand ing Your Lordship's letter of the 4th of September last, to Governor Wanton, wherein you inform him that " such offenders as may have been, or shall be arrested and committed within the colony of Rhode Island, be delivered to the care and cus tody of Rear Admiral Montagu, or the commander in chief of His Majesty's ships in North America, for the time being, or to such officer as he shall appoint to receive them." We here beg leave to assure Your Lordship, that we had not the least inclination to deviate from Your Lordship's letter, had we not been fully convinced that the express words of our commission, obliged us to do it. Several letters passed between us and the admiral, on this subject ; wherein we explained to him the necessity, according to our commission and instructions, of his being here in person. Though we did not agree on this head, he thinking that, according to his instruc tions and Your Lordship's last mentioned letter, his presence was not at all neces sary; yet he was polite enough to come to Newport on the 14th day ofthe month; and meeting us at the council chamber on the 18th inst., he informed us that he believed from the information he had received from others, Capt. Dudingston would be able to make such declaration relative to the business we are on, as would prove very material ; and at this inclement season of the year, it was impossible for him 160 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. properly to execute bis orders from the lords commissioners of the admiralty, rela tive to the business we are now upon ; also, that the other duties of his department, at this time, absolutely required his attendance at Boston, and therefore, in a very days he must return. Taking all these matters into consideration, and the extreme rigor of the season, which renders it almost impossible to procure witnessess who are at any distance from us, without waiting a very unreasonable time for them, we thought an ad journment to May next, necessary for His Majesty's service ; and accordingly no tified Admiral Montagu that we should adjourn to on or about the 26th of that month, when he will undoubtedly be here. Copies of the letters passing between the admiral and us, on these subjects, are herewith transmitted to Your Lordship. We have proceeded to examine such witnesses as we could obtain ; and also care fully to look into all papers which Governor Wanton has laid before us, relative to the conduct of the magistrates of this government, in the business we are upon ; but find it totally impossible at present to make a report, not having all the evidence we have reason to expect. We therefore hope, for these reasons, that our omitting it, will not be disagreeable. In short, we have hitherto, My Lord, exerted ourselves to our utmost abilities in the execution of our trust, His Majesty has been pleased to honor us with ; and Your Lordship may rely on our future endeavors to discharge ourselves with that fidelity which the nature of so important a commission demands. We are, with the utmost respect, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient and most humble servants, J. Wr ANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER. ROBT. AUCHMUTY, To the Earl of Dartmouth. Joseph Wanton, Esq., Governor ofthe colony, made oath of what he knew respecting the Gaspee, &c. Deposition of Joseph Wanton, Esq., Governor of Rhode Island. Joseph Wanton, Esq., Governor of the Enghsh colony of Rhode Island, on oath declares and says : That at an interview he had with Lieutenant Dudingston, late of the schooner Gaspee, he asked him whether he had any authority from the commissioners ^t Bos ton, or from Admiral Montagu. To which, he rephed, he had not ; but received his authority from the lords of the admiralty ; and that he was come into the colony of Rhode Island by virtue of that power, and no other, whatever. The deponent then asked how long it was probable he should continue in the colony. To which, he answered, at present he was in the colony ; but how long he should continue, was uncertain. And this deponent saith, that he does not remember that he hath since that time, geen the said Lieutenant Dudingstoij. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS, 161 On, or about the 20th of March last, a complaint was transmitted to the depo nent, by the Deputy Governor of the colony, signed by sundry persons, residing in and near the town of Providence, that an armed schooner was cruising in the Nar ragansett Bay, interrupting their legal commerce, by searching and unnecessarily detaining the freight boats, &c. ; and therefore, requested the deponent to make such inquiry as was necessary, for obtaining information, whether the persons be longing to said schooner, were duly authorized to exercise that power, within the body of the colony. Upon receiving the complaint, the deponent conceived it was his duty, in order to satisfy the complainants, and at the same time to give the persons complained of, an opportunity of exculpating themselves from the several charges and accusations which were exhibited against them, to pursue such measures as were prudent and legal ; and thereupon, wrote a letter to the commanding officer of said schooner, ad vising him of the information the deponent had received, respecting his conduct, and proceedings, since his arrival within this colony, and requesting that he would produce his commission and authority. This letter was answered by Lieutenant Dudingston ; which, not being satisfac tory, the deponent wrote him another letter, on tlie 23d of March. In consequence whereof, Lieutenant Dudingston sent to the deponent, by one of his officers, whose name was Dundas, an order from tbe lords of the admiralty, for his commanding the schooner Gaspee ; also, their letter to the commissioners at Bos ton, requiring them to give a deputation from the commissioners at Boston, directed to the said Dundas ; all which, the deponent, after he had read and examined, re turned to the said Dundas, who had the charge of them, without the least delay or interruption, whatever. The deponent took this opportunity to remonstrate to the officer against the impropriety of Mr. Dudingston's proceedings, in sending a quantity of rum, he had seized in the county of Kent, within this colony, for illegal importation, to Boston, for trial ; it being, in the deponent's opinion, repugnant to an act of Par hament, made and passed in the eigth year of His Majesty's reign, as there was a court of vice admiralty established within this colony ; and that if he persevered in such measures, he must expect that a process would be issued against him. A short time after this, another complaint was brought against Mr. Dudingston, by one Faulkner, of Portsmouth, in this colony, and proprietor of a certain island, called Gould Island, within the said colony, who alleged that the people belonging to said schooner Gaspee, had been upon said island, and committed a trespass and waste thereon, by cutting down thirty or more trees, and carrying tho same from off said island. The deponent recommended to the complainant to make application to said Dud- ino-ston, and demand such satisfaction as was adequate to the damage he had sus. tained, and if possible, to avoid a law suit, which, he said, he had been urged to commence. After which, he was informed by said Faulkner, that Lieutenant Dudingston had paid him about fifteen dollars on account of the above named trespass and waste ; with which he appeared satisfied. On the 11th of June, the deponent received from Darius Sessions, Esq., of Provi dence, and Deputy Governor of the colony, an account of the destruction of His Majesty's schooner, the Gaspee ; upon which, he immediately called together such of His Majesty's Council and members ofthe General Assembly as could be seasona- VOL. VII. 21 162 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. bly notified, and communicated to them the disagreeable intelligence, who unani mously recommended a proclamation, with a proper reward, for discovering the of fenders ; which was thereupon issued, and sent into the several towns, within the colony. Admiral Montagu, on the 8th of July, transmitted to the deponent the declaration of a mulatto lad, called Aaron, impeaching several persons therein named, with being concerned in burning the aforesaid schooner. As this declaration was not made before any of the civil authority, either in this or any other colony, the deponent was of opinion, that it was highly necessary that Aaron should be taken into custody ; and therefore directed one of the judges of the Superior Court, to issue his warrant for Aaron, that he might be legally ex amined; and as he was then in the care of Capt. Linzee, wrote him a letter, dated the 16th of July (which letter accompanied the warrant), requesting that he would dehver the said Aaron to the sheriff, that he might be examined respecting what he knew of attacking and burning the Gaspee. But Capt. Linzee refused to deliver up the witness, and treated the letter and warrant with the highest contempt, as the deponent was informed by James Bren ton, Esq., who waited upon Capt. Linzee, with the letter, at the deponent's request. If Aaron had any knowledge of burning the said schooner, it was out of the power of the deponent to obtain it, through the unjustifiable conduct of the said Capt. Linzee. The deponent communicated to Admiral Montagu, in a letter, dated the 23d of July, the steps he had taken for obtaining Aaron's declaration, in full expectation that he would have given positive orders for the delivery of Aaron into the custody of the civil authority ; especially, as the deponent had assured Capt. Linzee that after his examination, he should be returned on board the King's ship. The deponent cited Mr. Samuel Thurston and Mr. Samuel Tompkins, of the island of Prudence, the gentlemen with whom Aaron had hved as an indented ser vant, to give evidence of what they knew of the destruction of the Gaspee, &c. ; and also two servants, who hved in the same house with Aaron, at the time the said schooner was burnt, who agreed in their several testimonies, that Aaron was a run away, and could not, for the reasons given in their depositions, have any knowledge of that transaction ; copies of which testimonies, the deponent transmitted to Ad miral Montagu. This deponent further declares, that the several letters and papers he has deliv ered to the commissioners, contain a full and particular account of all the knowledge he hath of the destruction of the said schooner Gaspee, and the measures which have been pursued for discovering the offenders. J. Wr ANTON. To His Majesty's commissioners, at Rhode Island. Sworn to, at Newport, on the 25th day of January, 1773, before us, — FRED. SMYTHE, PETER OLIVER, ROBT. AUCHMUTY. An adjournment being determined upon, Mr. Auchmuty and Mr. Oliver signified their intention of returning home, and took leave of the other commissioners, accordingly. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 163 Friday, January 22. The commissioners met, according to adjournment. Present — Joseph Wanton, Esq., Daniel Horsmanden, Esq. and Frederick Smythe, Esq. Samuel Clarke, who was charged with the service of sum mons on the l^th inst., for two persons at Mendon, made re turn upon oath of his service thereof, which was ordered to be filed. The commissioners received a letter from Arthur Fenner, at Providence, excusing his attendance in obedience to a sum mons ofthe 18 th.* Also, a letter from James Sabin, excusing his attendance in obedience to a summons of the same date ; which were or dered to be filed. The commissioners adjourn all further proceedings, until the 26th day of May next, then to meet at Newport. The commissioners accordingly adjourned to meet on the 26th day of May, 1773, at Newport. The journal of their pro ceedings, if any was kept, is not among the papers. * See page 154. The letters of Arthur Fenner, James Sabin and others, addressed to the commissioners, excusing their non-attendance, not referred to in the journal of the pro ceedings of the commission, are inserted in their chronological order elsewhere in this volume. 164 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMMISSIONERS OF INQUIRY, &c, CONTINUED. To remove the difficulties between Admiral Montagu and the commissioners, relative to his personal attendance at New port, the board of admiralty in England, dispatched him spe cial orders, as follows : The Lords of the Admiralty to Admiral Montagu, relative to his personal attendance upon the Commissioners, <§rc, at Newport. By the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of Great Britain and Ireland, &c. Whereas, you represented to us, by your letter of the 1 9th of January last, from Rhode Island, as the season of the year was so far advanced as to render it hazard ous for you to proceed thither with the ships under your command, agreeably to our instructions ofthe 7th of September last, you had given Capt. Keeler, ofthe Mer cury, the senior officer of the King's ships at that island, to whom, you had before dispatched His Majesty's commission for inquiring into the circumstances relative to the burning of the Gaspee schooner, orders to aid and assist the commissioners therein named, in the same manner as you should have done, had you been there ; but, as the said commission expressly directs the prisoners to be delivered to you, the commissioners did not choose to proceed to business until your arrival. That, in consequence of receiving such information, you had proceeded thither by land, and had hoisted your rlag on board the Lizzard ; and that the commis sioners had examined some few persons. And whereas, you further represented to us, by your said letter, that if you are obhged to attend the commissioners at Rhode Island, the naval business at Hahfax and Boston will be greatly retarded, as it will be impossible for you to attend to those and your other duties ; and have therefore desired, the senior officer of His Majesty's ships at Rhode Island, who will, in your opinion, in every respect, answer the purposes there, as well as yourself, that you may receive our directions to remain at Boston, with your flag, unless there appears to be an absolute necessity for your being at Rhode Island. And whereas, the Earl of Dartmouth, one of His Majesty's principal secretaries of state, to whom we sent an extract of so much of your letter, as related to this business, for His Majesty's information, hath, by his letter of the 20th instant, ac quainted us that His Majesty is pleased to approve that the execution of His Maj- 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 165 esty's orders respecting the service at Rhode Island, should be entrusted to the senior captain of such of his ships of war as may, from time to time be stationed at that colony. You are therefore, hereby required and directed to entrust the execution of His Majesty's said orders to such senior captain, accordingly. Given under our hands, the 26th day of March, 1773. SANDWICH, J. BULLER, LISBURNE. By command of their lordships : CHAS. STEPHENS. To John Montagu, Esq., Rear Admiral of the Blue, and commander in chief of His Majesty's ships and vessels in North America, at Boston. Previous to the reception of these orders, the following let ters passed between the commissioners and the officers of the navy, stationed in New England : Admiral Montagu to the Commissioners, $-c. Boston, 24th May, 1773. Gentlemen :— As I understood you are soon to meet to proceed on business, I am to inform you, I have ordered to Capt. Keeler, of His Majesty's ship Mercury, Wil ham Dickinson, late midshipman of the Gaspee, and Bartholomew Cheever, one of her seamen, two evidences sent out of England, by the right honorable the lords commissioners of the admiralty. As they were on board, when Captain Dudingston was wounded, these people (it the men called the head sheriff and captain can be found), can swear to their per sons. You will be the best judges what use to make of them, when they appear before you. I expect the Captain man-of-war will return from Halifax in ten days, when 1 shall lose no time in repairing to Rhode Island ; but if, in the meantime, you should think my presence absolutely necessary, I will set out by land, although it will be attended with great inconvenience to me. Capt. Keeler has my orders to give you every assistance in his power ; and 1 doubt not but that he will faithfully execute them. I am, gentlemen, Your most obedient, humble servant, J. MONTAGU. To His Majesty's Commissioners, at Newport. 166 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. Capt. Robert Keeler to the Commissioners, $-c. His Majesty's ship Mercury, Rhode Island Harbor, 1 May 27, 1773. ) Sir : — Admiral Montagu finding the King's commissioners meeting at Newport, he has sent me an officer and one seaman, lately belonging to the Gaspee, and just arrived from England, to give information of the persons that were concerned in the burning of said schooner. Likewise a letter, directed to His Majesty's commissioners at Rhode Island, with directions to me, to dehver to you, when sitting. But, as I am detained on board, on account of a writ being issued out against me, I am to desire you will give me notice in writing, when you meet, that the letter may be sent by a proper officer ; and of the time you choose to have the evidences on shore, to be examined. I am, sir, Your most obedient, humble servant, R. KEELER. To Hon. Joseph Wanton, Esq., president of His Majesty's commission, at Newport. The Commissioners, $-c, to Capt. Keeler. Newport, May 27, 1773, Sir : — Though there are three commissioners met at Newport, yet, as the other two gentlemen are daily expected, it is thought most conducive to His Majesty's ser vice, not to proceed on business till they join us ; at which time we shall acquaint you, when the witnesses you mention to us, may be examined, and Admiral Mon tagu's letter delivered, and in the interim, are, Your most obedient, humble servants, J. WANTON, PETER OLIVER, ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners. To Capt. Robert Keeler. The Commissioners, $-c, to Capt. Keeler. Newport, May 31, 1773. Sir : — The gentlemen commissioners are now arrived from the southward ; there fore we are ready to receive Admiral Montagu's letter, mentioned in yours of the 27th inst. ; and to-morrow morning shall also be ready to take the depositions of thoBe witnesses you inform us are arrived from England. The commissioners will attend such examination to-morrow morning, at 10 o'clock ; and are, Your most obedient and humble servants, J. WANTON, PETER OLIVER, ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners. To Capt. Robert Keeler. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 167 The Commissioners, $-c:, to Admiral Montagu. Newport, June 2, 1773. Sir : — Three of the commissioners met at this place on the 26th ult. ; but as the gentlemen from the southward were not arrived, and daily expected, it was thought by those present, most conducive to His Majesty's service, to delay entering on busi ness till they were joined by their brethren. Your not receiving an answer sooner, to your favor of the 24th of last month, was owing to that reason. The gentlemen being now on the spot, beg leave to observe to you, that the wit nesses you mention, have been examined ; and that it will be very agreeable to them to have the pleasure of your company at Newport, whenever it will comport with His Majesty's service in general ; but at present, see no immediate occasion for your coming without your ships ; and are, with the greatest respect, sir, Your most obedient, humble servants, J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER, ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners. To John Montagu, Esq. Admiral Montagu to the Commissioners, %-c. Boston, 14th June, 1773. Gentlemen: — In answer to your letter ofthe 2d, which I received the 12th, I beg leave to inform you, that as the service will not admit of my being at Rhode Island, this summer, I have sent orders to Capt. Keeler, of His Majesty's ship Mercury, to render you every service in his power, in the execution of your commission, agree ably to His Majesty's directions, signified to me, by my lords commissioners of the admiralty, by their order of the 26th of March, 17 73, a duplicate of which, I here with enclose to you ; and am, with respect, gentlemen, Your most obedient, humble servant, J. MONTAGU. To His Majesty's Commissioners, at Rhode Island. The following evidence was submitted to the commissioners, at this session : Deposition of William Dickinson. The examination of William Dickinson, late midshipman of His Majesty's schooner, taken on oath, at Newport, in the colony of Rhode Island, this 1st day of June, A. D. 1773, who saith : That on the 10th day of June, in the year 1772, between the hours of 12 and 1 in the morning, the said schooner, then working in her dock, on Namquit Point, about two miles below Pawtuxet, and not able to get off; the watch being on 168 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. deck, as he supposed, gave the alarm that a number of boats were coming down the river. Upon which, Lieutenant Dudingston went on deck, and hailed the boats, and or dered them to keep off, or he would fire into them ; but, as they refused to keep off, we fired at them, and they returned the fire, whereby Lieutenant Dudingston was wounded in the left arm, and in the groin. They then boarded us, and used us very ill, by beating and knocking down the people ; and afterwards by tying tbem, and throwing them into their boats, the cap tain of the gang swearing he would give no quarters. The captain of the gang ordered Lieutenant Dudingston on his knees, and to beg his hfe. He said he could not, he was wounded. Whereupon, the said captain answered, " D — n your blood, you are shot by your own people." Then they took him into the cabin, where two men dressed his wounds ; who, by their behavior, appeared to have some skill in surgery. And this examinate further saith : that while Lieutenant Dudingston's wounds were dressing, those two persons who assumed to be the head sheriff and the captain, demanded the papers belonging to the vessel, which he delivered by Lieutenant Dudingston's order to them ; consisting of the lieutenant's commission from the lords of the admiralty ; Admiral Montagu's instructions, letters, and other papers ; and upon his particularizing those papers as he delivered them, they damned him, and told him they did not come there to receive any instructions from him, but would examine the papers at their leisure, which they put into their pockets, and then carried Lieutenant Dudingston on shore, about two miles from the schooner. The examinate after this continued on board said schooner about three quarters of an hour ; and was told' by the captain of the gang, that unless he quitted the schooner, he would throw him overboard ; during this time, they continued plun dering the schooner. The examinate was landed in one of their boats on the shore opposite to the schooner, where he remained some time ; and that within an hour after he'was landed, he saw the said schooner on fire ; and it being then daylight, he saw three of their boats put off from the schooner, full of men ; one of which, landed the people at Pawtuxet, and the other two, rowed towards Providence. This examinate further saith : that the schooner when she ^as burnt, lay about eight or ten miles, to the best of his judgment, from the north end of the island of Prudence ; and that several negroes were on board the said schooner ; and also rowed the boats which boarded the schooner ; but he does not know their names ; and he cannot recollect that be saw any of those negroes enter the cabin. And he also saith, that he does not know the names of any of the persons who boarded and destroyed said schooner, or wounded Lieutenant Dudingston ; but that the captain, who was called the captain of the gang, was a well set man, of a swar thy complexion, full face, hoarse voice, and wore a white cap, was well dressed, and appeared rather above the common rank of mankind ; and that the greater part of those he saw on board the schooner, and in the cabin, were persons well dressed ; many of them with ruffled shirts, and appeared as store-keepers, merchants or mas ters of vessels. The person who was called the head sheriff, was a tall, genteel man, dressed in blue clothes, his hair tied behind, and had on a ruffled shirt. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 169 One of the persons who acted as surgeon in dressing Lieutenant Dudingston's wounds, appeared to be about eighteen years of age, very much marked with the small pox ; light brown hair, tied behind ; about five feet, five or six inches high. The other, was a very genteel man ; appeared to be about twenty-two years of age ; his hair tied behind, a thin person, and about five feet, eight or nine inches high. This examinate further saith : that after he returned from Boston to Providence, a few days after the schooner was destroyed, the first described surgeon met him in one of the streets in Providence, and asked him whether he knew how Lieutenant Dudingston did ; but the examinate did not know his name ; and further saith not. W. DICKINSON. Sworn to, at Newport, on the day and year abovesaid, before — - J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER, Commissioners. Deposition of Bartholomew Cheever. The examination of Bartholomew Cheever, mariner, and late a seamen on board His Majesty's schooner, the Gaspee, taken on oath, at Newport, in the colony of Rhode Island, on the 1st day of June, 1773, who saith: That on the 9th day of June last, the schooner Gaspee run aground, on her pas sage to Providence, on a point of land about two or three miles below a small town, and about five miles from the town of Providence. That about three-quarters after 12 o'clock, the next morning, being the 10th of June, he was standing upon the quarter deck of said schooner, as a sentry ; every other person belonging to said schooner, being below, he saw a number of boats coming towards said schooner, which he hailed, but no answer was returned ; he then immediately gave notice to Lieutenant Dudingston and the midshipman, who instantly came upon deck. The boats were again hailed, and the answer returned by some of the people in said boats was, " D — n your blood, we have you now !" The captain ordered "them to keep off; and told them if they did not, he would fire into them. They answered, they did not care ; they would be aboard directly. The captain then ordered all hands on deck ; but the people who were in the boats, boarded the schooner ; and as they were entering said schooner, they shot the captain ; and afterwards tied the people belonging to said schooner, and carried them on shore, nearly opposite to the schooner ; they then broke open the arm- chest, and took possession of the small arms. And after they had landed all the Gaspee's people, he saw the said schooner on fire ; but he knoweth not the names of any of the persons who were concerned in destroying said schooner ; and that those who acted as principals, were called the head sheriff and the captain ; and one of them was called constable. And this examinate further saith: that while he was attending upon Lieutenant vol. vii. 22 170 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. Dudingston at a town called Pawtuxet, he saw two of the persons who were concerned in destroying said schooner ; but did not know tbeir names. his BARTHOLOMEW X CHEEVER. mark. Sworn to, at Newport, on the day and year, abovesaid, before — • J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER, Commissioners. Deposition of John Cole. The examination of John Cole, of Providence, in the colony of Rhode Island, Esq., taken on oath in Newport, in said colony, this 3d day of June, A. D. 1773, who saith : That the evening preceding the burning the Gaspee, I spent at Mr. James Sa- bins's tavern, in Providence, aforesaid, in company with several gentlemen. About 7 or 8 o'clock, hearing a noise in the street of said town, I pulled back the shutter of one of the window's next the street, and saw several men, about twelve, as I apprehend, but did know one of them, collected together. Upon which, I made inquiry ofthe gentlemen in the room, if they knew the occasion ; and was answered by one of the company, but whom, I cannot particularly recollect, that he hoped they were not upon any design of mischief. To which, I rephed, " I beheved not ; if they were on such a design, they would not be so pubhc." Some short time after, I heard a drum beat in the street ; upon which, I again opened the shutter, saw three or four boys passing along with the drum, and no other persons. Between 11 and 12 o'clock, in the same evening, I left the said tavern ; at which time, I found the street clear and still ; I then observed, that I believed if any mis chief was intended, they had thought better of it, and gone home. Early in that evening, and before I first opened the shutter, I heard, but whether after I joined the company or in the street going to said tavern, I cannot recollect, that the Gaspee was then run on shore ; neither do I remember the person giving me that information ; I never heard any intimation of an intention to burn the Gas pee ; nor do I know any person or persons concerned in that transaction, or ever heard who they were. The place where the said Gaspee was burnt, was in the township of Warwick, in the county of Kent, in the colony of Rhode Island. From the cove near Mr. Samuel Tompkins's house, to the place where the Gaspee schooner was burnt, is, according to the best judgment I can form, near, if not quite, four leagues ; and further, this deponent saith not. JOHN COLE. Taken, and sworn to, at Newport, on the day and year before written, before — J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER, ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 171 Deposition of John Andrews. The examination of John Andrews, Esq., of Cranston, in the colony of Rhode Is land, taken on oath, at Newport, in said colony, on the 5th day of June, 1773, who declares and says : That he was in the town of Providence the night that the schooner Gaspee was destroyed, at a tavern, where he spent the evening with a number of gentlemen i and after supper, he heard a drum beat in the street, and inquired into the cause thereof ; and received for answer, that it had been training day, and the people were breaking up their frolic ; about 1 2 o'clock, he repaired to his lodgings, it being very dark, and went to bed. The next morning, the sun about half an hour high, was surprised with hearing some persons say to each other, that the said schooner was burnt ; upon which, he opened the window, and saw on the other side of the street, two black fellows and one white man, talking together. I inquired what was the matter ; and received for an answer from the white man, that some people in the night had burned the man-of-war schooner. Upon which, he immediately dressed himself, and waited upon the Deputy Gov ernor ; and he informed him he had heard the news, and sent for his horse, in order to repair to the spot, and inquire of Capt. Dudingston and his people, and find, if possible, the persons that had done the mischief. We procured a horse, as soon as possible, and went to Pawtuxet, where we found Mr. Dudingston badly wounded ; and we saw the said schooner on shore, about a mile and a half distant, which appeared by the smoke, to be on fire, and burnt down almost to the water's edge. The Dejputy Governor, in his hearing, inquired of Mr. Dudingston, if he had any knowledge of the persons that committed this trespass. He made answer, that he should render no account about the matter, until he appeared before a court martial, where he expected to be tried, if he survived his wounds, and such account might be made use of, to his advantage ; but was willing that his people should be sworn ; and had them called in, and cautioned them to swear to the truth. He then, as His Majesty's commissary for the colony, conferred wtth Mr. Dud ingston, concerning saving such guns and stores as could be saved, and agreed to save all that was possible to be saved, and procured a, man to undertake the business. And he likewise requested that his people might be taken care of, and sent on board His Majesty's sloop, called the Beaver, then at Newport, and procured a small vessel, to carry them on purpose. He visited Mr. Dudingston, several times, and requested of him, if he had any knowledge of such persons as had done the mischief, that he would inform him there of, that the persons might be brought to condign punishment ; but he always de clined saying anything in the affair. And further, that early in the morning, after the said schooner was destroyed, he met with Daniel Jenckes, Esq., chief justice of the court of common pleas, in the county of Providence, who said that he had informed the Deputy Governor of what had happened the preceding night, respecting the Gaspee ; and then urged that the 172 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. Deputy Governor and this examinate, would repair immediately to Pawtuxet, and examine such of the Gaspee's men as could be found, while it was fresh in their memories, that the villains might be discovered, and not the whole colony blamed. JOHN ANDREWS. The foregoing examination was taken and sworn to, at Newport, on the day and year aforewritten, before — J. WANTON, PETER OLIVER, DAN. HORSMANDEN, ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners. Deposition of Justice Helme. The examination of James Helme, Esq., of South Kingstown, in the county of Kings county, and colony of Rhode Island, &c, taken on oath, at Newport, in said colony, this 5th day of June, A. D. 1773, who saith: That in October following the burning the schooner Gaspee, the superior court of judicature, &c, for said colony, sat at East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, at which court I presided, being the eldest justice of the same, present. Before the sitting of said court, I had heard ofthe said schooner's being burnt, and of Lieutenant Dudingston's being wounded. I did not give any charge to the grand jury at that court; noris it usual in this colony to give either general or special charges to grand juries. But before the meeting of said court, I informed my brethren, that if I presided at said court, I fully intended to give the affair of burning the said schooner and wounding the lieutenant, in charge to the jury ; but having been nearly two months on the circuit, it entirely went out of my mind, when the grand jury was einpan- nelled ; and there being no business laid before said jury, they were soon dismissed. Immediately after, I recollected the omission of what I intended ; and then men tioned to some of the other judges of the court, that I had entirely forgotten to give the business of destroying the Gaspee and wounding Lieutenant Dudingston, in charge to the grand jury, which I had designated ; and further, this deponent saith not. JAMES HELME. Taken, and sworn to, at Newport, on the day and year first within written, before — J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER, ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners. Deposition of George Brown. The examination of George Brown, of Providence, in the colony of Rhode Island, Esq., taken on oath, at Newport, in said colony, this 5th day of June, A. D. 1773, who saith : That the evening preceding the burning ofthe schooner Gaspee, he, with several other gentlemen, met at the house of Mr. James Sabin, in Providence, aforesaid, it 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 173 being a pubhc house, to spend the evening together. About 10 o'clock, as I sup pose, I heard a drum beat in the street ; I asked the reason of said drum beating ; on which, some one of the company, but whom, I do not recollect, answered, that there were some boys beating the drum, which was common for two or three years past, in summer evenings, in said town ; it is also usual for the young people to as semble, to learn to beat a drum, and other military exercises. Before sunset, that evening, I had heard that the said schooner was aground ; but had not then tbe least suspicion that any mischief was intended to be done to said schooner, or any body on board of her ; not having heard any intimation to that purpose. And I further declare, that I have not any knowledge, directly or indirectly, of any plans being laid, to burn or otherwise destroy said schooner, or of any person concerned in so vile a crime, or wounding Lieutenant Dudingston. Some time after I heard the drum, I had occasion to go to the door, when I plainly saw about ten or a dozen boys, with a drum ; and am confident there was not at that time one man among them ; nor had I, during that evening, any concep tion of any mischief intended. The place where said schooner was burnt, is in the township of Warwick, in the county of Kent, in the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. From the dwelling house of Mr. Samuel Tompkins to the place where said schooner was burnt, is, according to my judgment, about nine miles ; and further, this deponent saith not. G. BROWN. Taken, and sworn to, at Newport, on the day and year above written, before — J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER, ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners. Deposition of Samuel Faulkner, relative to the Negro Aaron Briggs. The examination of Samuel Faulkner, of Bristol, in the colony of Rhode Island, and laborer, taken upon oath, at Newport, the 11th day of June, 1773, who saith : That he lived with Mr. Samuel Tompkins, of the island of Prudence, in said colony, from the 1st of April, 1772, to the last of July, following, and knoweth a negro fellow named Aaron, who lived with said Tompkins part of said time ; and, as he understood, was an indented servant to said Tompkins. That several persons came over from Bristol, to said island, and said that the Gaspee schooner was burnt two or three days before, which was the first time he heard of it. That he never requested the said Aaron to go with him from Prudence to Bristol, in any part ofthe aforementioned time of his living with the said Samuel Tompkins, having then no occasion to go to Bristol. That when the people of Bristol gave an account ofthe burning of said schooner, Aaron was present; and did not either at that time, or at any other time after wards, discover that he had any knowledge ofthe destroying of said schooner. That when the people from Bristol gave said account, they mentioned the par- 174 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1772. ticular night on which said schooner was burnt ; and to the best of his recollection, Aaron milked the cows after sunset that night, and was at home early the next morning ; and therefore concluded that Aaron was at his master's house the whole of that night. That he does not remember his telling the said Aaron he would ask his master to let him go with him to Bristol, in any part of the above mentioned time of his living with said Tompkins ; but well remembers that the summer before, when he also hved with the said Tompkins, that he asked him once or twice to let Aaron go with him to Bristol. That he never was in company with Aaron, when Mr. Potter, of Bristol, was present ; but has been in Mr. Potter's rope-walk in Bristol, in company with Aaron ; neither was he ever on a wharf in Bristol, with Aaron, nor at any time pointed out Mr. Potter to said Aaron ; and he does not recollect that when he was in Mr. Potter's rope-walk, as aforesaid, that he told said Aaron whose it was; and that when they went to Bristol together the summer before the Gaspee was burnt, they landed on the shore. That when Aaron ran away from his said master, he stole his small boat, which lay on the shore, and went away in her ; and that when the people from Bristol brought the said news of the Gaspee's being burnt, she was then lying on the shore, with her seams much opened ; that some time after this, and before Aaron stole her, she was repaired. That he does not remember that the people from Bristol mentioned any persons's names of being concerned in destroying said schooner ; and he does not know any of the persons who burnt said schooner. And this examinate further saith : that the said Aaron was looked upon by the people where he worked, as a person much addicted to lying. SAMUEL FAULKNER. Taken, and sworn to, at Newport, on the day and year, above mentioned, before— J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners. Deposition of Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. Darius Sessions, Esq., of Providence, on oath declares and says : That, in the month of March, A. D. 1772, or thereabouts, sundry of the principal inhabitants of the town of Providence, made application to the deponent, in writing, representing that there was, and had been for some time past, a schooner erasing in the Narragansett River, that disturbed all the vessels and boats that were passing therein, by chasing, firing at and searching them ; and often treating the people aboard of them, with the most abusive language; and that the commander showed no commission, to support such proceedings. They therefore, requested me to inform the Governor thereof, that if he knew not who he was, or if he had not been acquainted with his commission and authority, he would be pleased to make inquiry therein. Soon after I received said writing, hearing that the Chief Justice was in the 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 17 court house, near by, I wrote a line on the back of said paper, and sent it to him, desiring his opinion in the affair ; it was soon returned, with something written under mine, to this purpose, viz. : that it was his opinion, that for any person, whatever, to come into the colony, and in the body thereof, to exercise any authority by force of arms, or otherwise, without showing his commission to the Governor ; and (if a cus tom house officer,) without being sworn into his office, was guilty of a trespass, if not piracy ; all which proceedings, to the best of my remembrance, I afterwards sent to the Governor. And to the best of his remembrance, the aforesaid complaint was signed by the following persons : JOHN BROAVN, AMBROSE PAGE, NATHAN ANGELL, DARIUS SESSIONS, JOSEPH NIGHTINGALE, JAMES LOVETT, JOB SMITH, NICHOLAS BROWN. THOMAS GREENE, Newport, June 12th, 1772. Sworn to, before— J. WANTON, Governor. On the 7th of June, the commissioners requested the per sonal attendance of the justices of the Superior Court, of the colony. The design of the commissioners, will appear in the follow ing papers : The Justices of the Superior Court of the Colony of Rhode Island, to the Commissioners, fyc. The honorable the commissioners, appointed by royal commission, for examining into the attacking and destroying His Majesty's armed schooner, the Gaspee, commanded by Lieutenant Dudingston, and wounding the said lieutenant, having laid before us, justices of the Superior Court of Judicature, court of assize, &c, within and throughout the colony of Rhode Island, two examinations of Aaron Briggs, two examinations of Patrick Earle, the examination of Peter May, the examination of Wilham Dickinson, the deposition of Samuel Tompkins, Samuel Thurston ; and of Somerset and Jack, indented servants, for our advise ment thereon : It appeareth to us, from our consideration had thereupon, that no particular per son or persons are made mention of, as being concerned in that atrocious crime, except in the examination of Aaron Briggs, a negro ; and of Peter May, one of the Gaspee's people. The confession of the said Aaron, upon his first examination, was made in conse quence of illegal threats from Capt. Linzee, of hanging him (the said Aaron) at the yard arm, if he would not discover who the persons were, that destroyed the Gas pee ; and besides, most of the circumstances and facts related in both of his exam inations, are contradictions repugnant to each other j and many of them, impossible in their nature. 176 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. It is evident from the depositions of Tompkins, Thurston and Aaron's two fellow servants, that he was at home the whole of that night on which the Gaspee was at tacked ; especially, as there was no boat on that part of the island, in which he could possibly pass the bay, in the manner by him described. In short, another circumstance which renders the said Aaron's testimony ex tremely suspicious, is Capt. Linzee's absolutely refusing to deliver him up to be ex amined by one of the justices ofthe Superior Court, when legally demanded. Peter May, in his deposition, mentions one person only by the name of Greene ; whom, he says, he saw before, on board the Gaspee ; but the family of Greene being very numerous in this colony, and the said Peter not giving the Christian name, or describing him in such a manner as he could be found out, it is iuipossible for us to know, at present, the person referred to. Upon the whole, we are all of opinion, that the several matters and things con tained in said depositions, do not induce a probable suspicion, that the persons men tioned therein, or either or any of them, are guilty of the crime, aforesaid. It is, however, the fixed determination of the Superior Court to exert every legal affort in detecting and bringing to condign punishment, the persons concerned in destroying the schooner Gaspee. And if the honorable commissioners are ofa different sentiment, we should be glad to receive their opinion, for our better information. S. HOPKINS, Chief Justice. J. HELME, > . • t M. BOWLER, f^S1fnt J. C. BENNETT,) JuStlCeS" To the Honorable His Majesty's Commissioners. Rhode Island, June 11, 1773. The Commissioners, &c, to the Justices ofthe Superior Court of Rhode Island. Newport, June 12, 1773. Gentlemen : — We, the commissioners, appointed by His Majesty for inquiring into the attacking, plundering and burning His Majesty's schooner, called the Gaspee, and wounding the lieutenant, late commandant of said schooner, received your re port on the examinations by us laid before you. In the conclusion of the same report, you are pleased to say, if we differ from you in sentiment, you should be glad to receive our opinion, for your better information. As by our instructions, we are required lo lay before the civil magistrates all such informations as we shall receive ; and as it is your proper office to judge and act thereupon, in such manner as you oonceive most hkely to answer the ends of pubhc justice, therefore, we decline giving any sentiment or opinion in the mattter ; and are, with much respect, gentlemen, Your most obedient, humble servants, J. WANTON, FRED. SMYTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, PETER OLIVER, ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners, To the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., and the three assistant justices. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 177 The following request of Chief Justice Smythe, was thought worthy of preservation : Chief Justice Smythe to the Commissioners, $c. Newport, June 23d, 1773. Gentlemen :— I desire the enclosed, may be inserted in the journal of our proceed ings. I am sorry it is not in my power to meet you, this morning. As this minute contains only the plain facts, I hope there will be no objection to the request of— Gentlemen, yours, most heartily, FRED. SMYTHE. To the commissioners, Gov. Wanton, Mr. Horsmanden and Mr. Auchmuty. " June 21. — Chief Justice Smythe requested the board that some particulars of an attack of an armed schooner, called the St. John, by the gunner of Fort George, in this colony, in consequence of an order signed by two magistrates, dated July, 1 764, had been imparted to him on Saturday last ; and conceiving that great irregu larity, violence and disorder, accompanied that transaction, and might be considered as a leading cause to the destruction of the Gaspee, requested the board to take the affair into consideration, and receive such information as might be procured on the subject. Whereupon, Gov. Wanton acquainted the board that his son was Deputy Gov ernor of the colony at the time of the above transaction, and could fully explain the affair ; that the said gunner of the fort was in town, and might be called upon ; then the board agreed to take the matter into consideration to-morrow morning;. June 22. — The board being reminded by Mr. Smythe of his motion yesterday, produced the original order, signed by the magistrates ; and inquiring if the Gov ernor's son, or the gunner, had been applied to, for information on the subject. Mr. Auchmuty proposed that the sense of the board should first be taken whether the affair should be at all inquired into, or not. Whereupon, Gov. Wanton and Chief Justice Horsmanden were of opinion, that no notice whatever ofthe attack ofthe schooner St. John, ought to be taken by this board. Mr. Smythe, on the contrary, was of opinion, that a strict inquiry ought to be made on the subject, and inserted in the report. Mr. Auchmuty doubted." The commissioners probably closed their labors on the 23d of June ; on which the following letter, enclosing the report of their proceedings, was sent home ; The Commissioners fyc, to Lord Dartmouth. Newport, June 22, 1773. My Lord : So much time being necessarily spent in the business of His Maj esty's royal commission, renders our return to our several colonies highly expedient, vol. vii. 23 178 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1772. and having executed the same to the utmost of our abilities, we beg leave to enclose to Your Lordship, a report thereon. Your Lordship is ver}- sensible that for the execution of the trust His Majesty hath been graciously pleased to honor us with, it was strictly necessary to have the assist ance of secretaries, messengers to summon witnessess, or go express on the business, some constant attendants and stationery. No particular mode baring yet been pointed out to us, for defraying these expenses by government, we have discharged the same, except the secretaries, Mr. Brenton and Clarke ; but at this, our second meeting, we found one of those gentlemen sufficient for the same. Mr. Oliver would have joined us in the report to His Majesty, if the duty of his office had not indispensably required him to take his leave of us a few days since. My Lord, as we have used the utmost assiduity, and made the strongest possible efforts to. the thorough accomplishment of the end and design of the commission ; though not attended with that success most ardently wished for by all, yet we hum bly hope His Majesty will be graciously pleased to accept of our services and en deavors therein, which will reflect the greatest honor on — Your Lordship's most respectful, and most obedient humble servants, J. WANTON, FRED. SMYUTHE, DAN. HORSMANDEN, ROBT. AUCHMUTY, Commissioners. To the Earl of Dartmouth. The Report, ofthe Commissioners, fyc, to the King. " To the King's Most Excellent Majestv ¦ May it please Y'our Majesty : — In obedience to your royal commission and in structions, and from a due sense of tbe duty therein enjoined on us, we have used our utmost care and diligence for the purpose of inquiring into, and reporting to Your Majesty, all the circumstances relative to the attacking, plundering and burn ing the schooner Gaspee, wounding Lieutenant Dudingston, and all other matters in the same commission and instructions contained. We now beg leave, most humbly, to report to Your Majesty, that on the earliest intelligence of Yrour Majesty's commands, we, with the utmost dispatch in our power, repaired to Newport, where, on the 5th of January last, Y'our Majesty's royal commission was pubhshed in the presence of a large number of people ; who, on the occasion, behaved with great propriety. We next proceeded to give pubhc notice of the subject matter of the commission, and our being assembled for the execution thereof; requesting all persons who could give us any information relative to such matters, forthwith so to do. We beg leave to observe to Your Majesty, that the place where the Gaspee was destroyed, is, at least, twenty-three miles from Newport, and the accident of her running aground but a few houre before the attack, takes away all possibility ofthe inhabitants of the town being instrumental in, or privy to, the destruction of her ; nor have we any evidence, even of the slightest kind, to induce suspicion to the contrary. We further beg leave humbly to represent to Your Majesty, that in the part of our duty contained under the inquiry into the assembling, arming and leading on the people to attack the Gaspee ; also, the concerting and preparing the same, we have been particularly attentive. 1772.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 179 But after our utmost efforts, we are not able to discover any evidence of either ; and therefore, are humbly of opinion, both from the unforeseen event of the Gaspee's running on shore, the suddenness of the undertaking and its accomplishment, and total want of evidence of even an intention to destroy her, though many witnesses of credit, as well inhabitants of Providence as other places, were strictly examined on this head, that the whole was conducted suddenly and secretly. On the 10th of Juue last, about 1 in the morning, a number of armed people, many of whom, by their dress, appeared much above the rank of common people, and were accompanied by several negroes and others, boarded the schooner Gaspee, then on shore, on a point of land, called Namquit, which is within the township of Warwick, and county of Kent, in this colony, and about six miles from the town of Providence ; and after wounding the lieutenant, and using the crew with great bar barity, first plundered and then burnt the schooner, taking the lieutenant aild his people on shore, to a place called Pawtuxet, about two miles distant. With respect to the conduct of the magistrates, on the morning of the 11th of June. The Deputy Governor, being informed of the destruction of the Gaspee, the lieutenant being wounded on shore, at Pawtuxet, first inquired if any of the offend ers were known ; and receiving no information of such, immediately lepaired to the place, and finding the lieutenant in a dangerous condition, offered him every proper assistance ; to which the lieutenant replied, he wanted no favors for himself, but de sired his people might be taken care of, and sent on board the Beaver ; which was accordingly done. The Deputy Governor then told the lieutenant the design of his visit, was not only to afford him any assistance, but to procure such a declaration from his own mouth, respecting, the transaction, that the offenders might be brought to justice. To whicb, the lieutenant answered, he would not give him any account of the matter. First, because of his indisposition ; and, secondly, it was his duty to forbear any thing of that nature, until he had done it unto a court martial. The Deputy Governor then asked the lieutenant if he was willing that his officers and men should be examined ; to which, after some refusal, he consented. They were accordingly examined on oath, but were not able to give information against any person in particular. Mr. Andrews, judge of the court of vice admiralty, in this colony, attended the Deputy Governor, and behaved very properly on the occasion. The same day, the Deputy Governor, by letter, informed the Governor of what had happened, and of every step he had taken as a magistrate, and sent him all the depositions. In another letter, ofthe 12th of June, he further informed the Gov ernor, it was the unanimous opinion of a great number of the most respectable in habitants of Providence, that a proclamation, with a proper reward, should, by the Governor be issued, for the apprehending and bringing to justice the persons con cerned ; which was accordingly done. In July, following, a warrant was granted, for apprehending one Aaron Briggs, a ne° 00 0 Sold for, at vendue, bv Mr. Rome, deducting all charges, 210 00 0 £ s. d. 240 00 0 It is impossible to be particular, as to the loss and damage of my furniture, as I cannot recollect all the articles, which are lost and missing. WThat follows are the chief I can remember. A shagreen case of knives and forks, almost new A scrutoire and book-case, with glass doors, damaged and brokeiij A large mahogany table, broken to pieces A small desk lost A red cedar desk, and book-case, cut to pieces A small tea-table A couch frame lost Four large family pictures, gilt frames ; one, by Sir Peter Lely Several mezotinto ditto, damaged and broken An escutcheon, or coat of arms, of Mr. Kay A jappanned tea-table, and tea-board, destroyed A close stool, with a pewter pan A glass lantern Two large chairs A jappanned high case of drawers, broken and lost A jappanned dressing table Two leather buckets A large demijohn Sundry books lost, kitchen furniture destroyed, china, empty bottles, baskets, &c, broken and lost, at least to the value of A cask of old sherry 'wine, put in bottles, a httle while before the riot, Cider, provisions in the store and cellar A large press book-case, in my office A common writing desk 1 10 0 o OO 0 o 05 0 1 1" 0 3 10 0 10 II 10 0 35 no 0 15 0 10 0 1 10 0 15 0 05 0 2 05 0 4 00 0 o 111 0 10 0 OS 0 15 00 0 5 00 0 3 00 0 1 05 0 03 0 £321 : 13 0 I submit it to the consideration of the gentlemen of the committee, appointed to examine the aforegoing account, whether they will not think it reasonable to allow interest upon such sum as they shall find due to me. MARTIN HOWARD. Newbern, North Carohna, Dec. 26, 17 72. 1773.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 217 Report of the Committee appointed by the General Assembly, to examine the foregoing Account. We, the subscribers, being appointed to examine the loss of Martin Howard, Jr., Esq., by the riot in Newport, in August, 1765, do report: That we have examined the above account, and considered several evidences re specting his loss ; that we find that the real damage sustained in the house, did not exceed £60, sterling; it having been actually repaired and put into better order, than before the riot, for that sum or less; and have accordingly deducted £180, sterhng, from that charge. And that we have also deducted £32 15s., sterhng, which appears to us to have been overcharged in the pictures, and some other articles. So that his loss, as estimated by us, amQunts to £111 18s., sterling ; which we submit. JAMES BARKER, WILLIAM ELLERY, STEPHEN HOPKINS, HENRY" WARD. And the premises being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the aforegoing report be, and the same is hereby, accepted; that the sum of £111 18s., sterling, be granted to the said Martin Howard, Jr., as a full compensation for the damage he sustained by the riots, in the town of Newport, in the year 1765 ; to be paid when, and as soon as, the General Assembly shall receive information, that the money due from the crown, to the colony, for their services in the expedition against Crown Point, in the year 1756, shall be received by the agent of this colony, in Great Britain. That thereupon, the general treasurer of this colony, be, and he is hereby, empowered and directed, in behalf of this colony, to draw a bill or bills upon the colony agent, payable to the said Martin Howard, for the abovesaid sum, so granted, as aforesaid ; and that His Honor the Governor be, and he is hereby, requested to send home a fair copy of this report and vote, with all other papers, relating thereto. Whereas, James Barker, Esq., the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., William Ellery, Esq. and Henry Ward, Esq., who were appointed a committee, to audit the accounts of Augustus Johnston, Esq., laid before this Assembly, an account, by him exhibited to them, together with their report thereon, as fol loweth, to wit : vol. vn. 28 218 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1773. An Account of the Losses sustained by Augustus Johnston, in the Riots in Newport, in August and December, 1765. Lawful Money. £ s. d. Two broadcloth jackets, and one pair of breeches, half worn 2 16 0 Four pair of fine sheets 3 00 0 Eleven new shirts ; the cloth cost me £355 8s., old tenor, which, with the making, is 18 09 0 Four shirts, about one-third worn 6 00 0 Three yards of New Holland, which cost £10, old tenor, per yard 1 05 8 About eighteen fine cravats 2 08 0 One beaver hat, worn but two or three times 1 10 0 Two wigs, (one quite new,) which cost me 48s. 2 14 O About nine pair of worsted stockings, very fine and good 1 04 0 About five pair of thread stockings 10 O All the clothes belonging to three children (one, about eight years old), besides what they had on, when taken out of bed, to be carried to a place of safety - 10 00 0 Sundry men's caps, at least a dozen 1 00 0 Five pair of fine pillow-eases 3 00 0 At least one dozen fine napkins, and one dozen fine table-cloths 10 16 0 At least two dozen homespun towels 2 08 0 A number of women's shifts, aprons, caps and cambric handkerchiefs, 10 00 0 A case of old Jamaica rum, a large old cheese, hams, and other provisions, 5 00 0 Molloy de Jure Maritimo, quite new 116 0 Holt's Reports, a large folio, and almost new - 3 00 0 First and seventh volumes of Swift's works ; the sett being eight vol umes, cost me 40s., sterling. One volume of Madam de Maintenon's Letters ; the three cost me 1 3s. 6d., lawful money. Pope's Works, in eight or ten volumes (I forget which), neatly bound and gilt ; they cost me 2 08 0 Five volumes of Dryden's works ; I can't find what they cost me ; but the five could not be worth less than Life of Count Saxe, three volumes Two volumes of The World ; the sett being six volumes, cost me One volume of Campbell's Lives of the Admirals ; the four cost me Mrs. Rowe's works, two volumes, 9s. ; Henrietta, two volumes, 9s. ; Hap py Orphans, 9s. , Importance ofthe African Expedition, 3s.; Dehncourt on Death, 9s. Third, fourth and sixth volume Compendium Voyages ; the sett being six volumes, cost me a little time before One volume Bolingbroke's works ; the two cost me The damage done my furniture, as appraised by the committee 1 08 0 14 0 1 08 0 1 10 0 1 0 7 0 12 0 40 0 20 0 9 06 0 £108 09 s 1773.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 219 N. B. Since exhibiting my last account, I have found some few of my books, that were charged in that account ; and have left them out of this. Newport, August 19, 1773. AUGUSTUS JOHNSTON. Report of the Committee, apppointed by the General Assembly, to examine the foregoing Account. We, the subscribers, being appointed a committee, to examine into the losses sustained by Augustus Johnston, Esq., by the riots in Newport, in the 1 765, do report : That he exhibited to us an account of the particulars of his loss, under oath ; which we have examined, together with several other evidences, respecting his loss ; and, after making some small deductions, have settled it at £76 10s., sterling. Wliich account, with this report, we submit to the General Assembly. JAMES BARKER, HENRY WARD, STEPHEN HOPKINS, WILLIAM ELLERY. And the premises being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the foregoing report be, and the same is hereby, accepted ; that the sum of £76 10s., ster ling, be granted to the said Augustus Johnston, as a full com pensation for the damages he sustained by the riots in the town of Newport, in the year 1765, to be paid when, and as soon as, the General Assembly shall receive information that the money due from the crown, to the colony, for their services in the expedition against Crown Point, in the year 1756, shall be received by the agent of this colony, in Great Britain. That thereupon, the general treasurer of this colony be, and he is hereby, empowered and directed, in behalf of this colony, to draw a bill or bills upon the colony agent, payable to the said Augustus Johnston, for the abovesaid sum, so granted, as aforesaid ; and that His Honor the Governor, be, and he is hereby, requested to send home a fair copy of this report and vote, with all other papers relating thereto. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor, be, and he is hereby, requested to transmit to the Right Honorable the Earl of Dartmouth, the letter presented to this Assembly, respecting the codfishery, in the River St. Lawrence ; he making such alterations therein, as he shall think proper. It is voted and resolved, that no money be drawn out of the 220 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1773. general treasury by virtue of any general act or order of this Assembly, heretofore made or passed, without further orders from this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that £300, lawful money, be paid out of the general treasury, to Mr. Oliver Ring Warner, for carrying on the repairs at Fort George. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor, be, and he is hereby, requested to acquaint the Right Honorable the Earl of Dartmouth, that the assurance His Lordship hath given the Governor and Company of this colony, of his desire of serving them, respecting their demand upon the crown, is very flattering to their just expectations, of at length obtaining the moneys so long due, for their most ready and faithful services. That the colony is the more encouraged in this, as the Gen eral Assembly have, they doubt not, answered the expectations of His Majesty, in their consideration of the sufferers, recom mended to them by His Majesty. And that the General Assembly desire His Lordship's more particular attention hereto, as they have just received advice of the death of their late agent ; and are, at present, destitute of an agent that might repeat their application to the treasury. God save the King. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held fof the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at South Kings town, on the last Wednesday in October, 1773. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. Whereas, Daniel Commins, of Coventry, in the county of Kent, yeoman, for, and in behalf of, a religious society of peo ple, in said Coventry, of the Baptist profession, preferred a pe- 1773.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 221 tition, and represented unto this Assembly, that the society*. aforesaid, have not been able, by reason of their poverty, to build a house for public, social worship, in said town, for the edification of themselves and others, whose sentiments corres pond with theirs. And thereupon, prayed this Assembly to grant them the lib erty of raising $500, by lottery, under the direction of John Rice, Thomas Matterson and Nehemiah Potter, all of said Cov entry, Esqs. ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the said petition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual restrictions. Provided, that no charge arise to the colony, thereby. It is voted and resolved, that the Honorable Stephen Hop kins, Esq. 5 George Hazard, Henry Ward and Henry Marchant, Esqs., be, and they, or the major part of them, ate hereby, ap pointed a committee, to consider of the queries sent to this colony, by the Earl of Dartmouth, and to form an answer to them ; and that they lay the same before this Assembly, at the next session. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor, be, and he is hereby, requested to write a letter to the Earl of Dartmouth, advising him of the receipt of the queries ; and that the same were laid before the General Assembly, who have, appointed a committee to inspect into- and answer the same. Also, to request His Lordship, as this colony hath not any agent appointed at the court of Great Britain, that he will still be a protector to the colony, until an agent shall be appointed. And also to solicit His Lordship, that he will make appHca tion to the treasury board, for the moneys due to the colony. God save the King. 222 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1773. Public Acts passed during the year 1773. [The following laws will be found at length in the printed " Schedules," or acts and resolves ofthe General Assembly, for the year 1773.] An Act for the more effectual repairing of highways in this colony. (January.) An Act to prevent fish being interrupted in their course up Mill Cove, in Warwick. (January.) An Aet empowering the towns of Providence and North Providence, to repair their highways, by a town tax. (January.) An Act making it lawful to break down and blow up the rocks at Pawtucket Falls, to let fish pass up. (January.) An Act empowering the church and society of the people called Baptists, or Anti- Pedobaptists, in Providence, to sell their lot of land, in Providence. (August.) An Act to prevent fish from being hindered in their courses of going into Point Judith Pond, and Petaquamscut River. (August.) An Act for assessing a tax of £4,000. (August.) An Act to naturahze Thomas Courtain. (October) An Act incorporating Cook's Fountain Society. (October.) The Governor of Rhode Island to Lord Dartmouth. Newport, Rhode Island, February 16, 1773. Mt Lord : — I have the honor to address Your Lordship upon the subject of a demand of this colony upon the crown. Before I enter upon the narrative of this affair, I would just observe to Your Lordship, that in the cause of the last war, the colony greatly distinguished them selves by their exertions against the enemy; which was repeatedly acknowledged by His Majesty's ministers and commanders ; and notwithstanding the Parliamentary grants made them at different times (which they remember with gratitude) , incurred a very heavy debt, which the colony hath not yet been able to discharge. Mr. Secretary Fox, in his letter of the 13th of March, 1756, informed the colony that nothing more than the raising the men ; their pay, arms and clothing would be expected from the colony, who had the preceding year furnished their quota of military stores and provisions. But this letter was not received until after the colony had provided their quota of stores and provisions ; and the principal part of which, were really expended in the service, and the remainder taken into the King's magazines. This, My Lord, was also the case of the other northern colonies, all of whom, have been reimbursed their expenses upon that account, excepting the colony of Rhode Island. The Province of New Hampshire, indeed, received theirs by a grant from Parliament,but the session before the last. By the miscarriage of letters in a time of war, or by some other accident, the accounts from the colony for those expenses, were not laid before the lords of the tre asuary until the year 1759; which, being so long after the supphes were granted by the colony, was a very unfavorable circumstance, and I imagine was the sole reason why payment was not made. 1773.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 223 The lords of the treasury referred the accounts, amounting to £4,211 7s. Id., to the secretary of war and paymaster general, who reported the sum of £3,002 5s. Id., sterling, to be due to the Colony; having deducted the sum of £1,209 14s., which was charged in the accounts for the subsistence of the regiment, until their arrival at Albany, and upon their return home, after they were discharged. The affair remained in this situation, for some considerable time, when the lords of the treasury, upon a second application, again referred the consideration of it to the secretary at war, and the paymaster general ; who made another considerable deduction, for several articles charged in the accounts, as not being strictly military stores, and then reported the sum of £2,672 18s. lid., to be due and payable, As the colony had really advanced the sum of £4,211 7s. Id., and as the other colonies for the same services, had been reimbursed in a larger proportion, they conceived themselves greatly aggrieved at these deductions. But even this sum, so reduced, from what they thought they had a right to expect, hath never yet beep paid. In the year 1765, considerable confusion and tumults arose in all the North American colonies. And it is confessed, that this colony was not exempt from these disorders ; although the injury done to private property, was inconsiderable. Doctor Moffatt, Mr. Howard and Mr. Johnston, however, represented themselves to the administration, as very great sufferers. In consequence of which, His Maj esty was pleased to recommend them to the colony, for a compensation for their losses. The General Assembly, altogether from motives of obedience to the royal recom mendation, immediately came to a resolution that tbey would make them full com pensation for their real losses ; upon which, the gentlemen exhibited to the General Assembly accounts, consisting altogether of general charges ; such as no persons could judge of, and amounting to within about £20, sterhng, of the above sum re ported to be due to the colony. This naturally gave reason to suspect that the gentlemen flattered themselves with the hopes of obtaining all that money. The General Assembly ordered that they should exhibit an account of the particulars of their losses ; and in the mean time instructed Joseph Sherwood, Esq., their agent, to apply to the lords of the treasury, to obtain their recommendation of this matter to Parliament, for a grant of these moneys so long due to the colony. Mr. Sherwood informed the colony, that it was intimated to him (though it was not openly declared), that the lords ofthe treasury chose to postpone doing any thing in the affair, until they should be acquainted with the measures adopted by the colony, with respect to the sufferers. The colony, My Lord, could not see any reasonable connection between that de mand upon the crown, and the claims of these genflemen. They also esteemed themselves affected in a tender point ; that any of His Majesty's ministers should think the withholding these moneys a necessary measure to induce the colony to a due respect to the royal recommendation. It was not from so unworthy a motive, that the colony undertook to pay the sufferers their losses, but altogether in compli ance with the recommendation of their gracious sovereign, who never had occasion to call their duty and ready obedience in question. That sum, distressed as the colony hath been, and still is, would never be an inducement. The General Assembly again instructed their agent to renew his application to the lords of the treasury. The colony also addressed their lordships and the Earl of Hillsborough upon the subject. And His Lordship was pleased to inform the General 224 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1773. Assembly, that they might depend upon his attention to it ; and that the sufferers- were enjoined to exhibit such accounts of their losses as were required by the Gen eral Assembly. Still, My Lord, those gentlemen did not comply with this most reasonable requi sition of the General Assembly. Although the colony is informed that Doctor Mof fatt hath acquainted the lords of the treasury that he really offered such an account to the Assembly, but was refused an hearing ; which I must assure Your Lordship was not the case. That gentleman not only seems to hold the colony in defiance, but also to have been unwearied in his misrepresentations of it. The colony, nevertheless, from the disposition they have perceived in the present lords of the treasury, together with the hopes of Your Lordship's patronage, flatter themselves that at length they will have justice done them. Joseph Sherwood and Henry Marchant, Esqs., agents for the colony, did the last year present a memorial to the lords of the treasury upon this subject ; who were pleased, by their secretary, Grey Cooper, Esq., to give the following answer : "June 11, 1772. lam authorized to inform you, that, at a board held last week, Mr. Stewart, as agent for Dr. Moffatt, and Mr. Howard, again attended the board, by their lordships' order, upon Dr. Moffatt's affair ; and accordingly instructed Mr. Stewart strongly to recommend to the Doctor, to present as soon as possible, an account of his losses to the General Assembly ofthe colony of Rhode Island ; but to omit in such account, the charge he had made in his former account, of his expenses upon his voyage to Great Britain, and of any consequential damages ; and to exhibit an account only of such effects as were abso lutely lost, damaged or destroyed, during the riot ; and that he should consent to accept in part of his compensation, any goods or effects that were saved, and are now remaining in the hands of any of his friends or others : and the lords suppose that, upon such an account being exhibited, the Assembly will act upon it in such manner, as to give satisfaction to the board. And should the doctor refuse, in a reasonable time, to exhibit such an account, the lords will proceed to a final settlament of the matter in dispute." Doctor Moffatt, hereupon saw fit so far to comply, as to exhibit another account of bis losses, less general, indeed, than he had before presented, but by no means so particular as he could easily have given, and the colony had a right to expect ; twelve hundred volumes of books being one article, and others made in gross, to a very large amount. The General Assembly, however, immediately received it, and appointed a committee to consider it. The Doctor still made no deduction for any of the articles saved ; although the greater part of his books, furniture, &c, had been deposited in the hands of his most intimate friends and agents ^ and even went so far as to declare before the commit tee, that he was utterly ignorant that any articles were saved ; until the committee showed him, by incontestible evidence, tbat not only many articles were saved, but led him to the spot where they still were. He also charged a very round sum for china ; when it appeared, that the small quantity he had, had been carried from his house and placed with a friend, several days before the riot, upon the apprehension that there might be one ; and remained unpacked until it was shown to the Doctor. The committee, upon the examina tion ofthe matter, reported the Doctor's loss at £179 10s. Gd., sterhng. The General Assembly received the report, and granted him that sum. But the Doctor, by his attorney, in the face of the General Assembly, refused to accept it in writing, under Iris hand. 1773,] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 225 I enclose Your Lordship copies of the Doctor's account, the appointment and re port of the committee, &c. ; and flatter myself, it will appear to Your Lordship, that the colony have fully complied with the royal recommendation, and with the ex pectation of the lords of the treasury, respecting the Doctor's demand. Mr. Johnston hath since exhibited an account of his losses, wdiich the Assembly have referred to the same committee. Mr. Howard, who lives in a remote province, hath not yet had an opportunity of exhibiting his account ; which, as soon as he does, will meet with due consideration. I must mention to Your Lordship, that I have certain information, that the Doctor hath taken a number of evidences, in a very indirect manner, without giving any one ofthe committee, or any other person, an opportunity of appearing, on the part of the colony, to cross-examine the witnesses. These evidences, instead of passing through the proper offices, to be authenticated in the manner that such things have been constantly and invariably done, and annexed to the. certificate, are secreted, to prevent the colony from knowing the purport of them, and from justifying them selves by setting matters in a true light. And the Doctor hath taken a general cer tificate, that certain persons are officers, without any reference to their particular acts or attestations. What weight ought to be allowed to such depositions, I submit to Your Lordship's judgment. His Majesty has the highest reason to expect loyalty and obedience from his faithful subjects of this colony, who have demonstrated it, not only by the most sincere professions and declarations, but by cheerfully expending their blood and treasure upon every requisition from the crown. May not, My Lord, the colony have reason to expect that the administration will see the royal promise to the colony complied with ? If under a former administra tion, they have been disappointed, they will not despair of the present. And from the answer which the lords ofthe treasury were the last year pleased to give to the memorial then presented to them, from the justness of their demand, and from tho hopes they conceive of Your Lordship's friendship and countenance, they will not doubt but a grant, at this present session of Parliament, will be made at least for the sum reported to be due and payable , with the interest thereof. I beg Your Lordship's patronage of this cause, in which the colony hath been so long delayed, and am, may it please Your Lordship, Your Lordship's most obedient and most humble servant, JOSEPH WANTON. To the Earl of Dartmouth. Peyton Randolph to the Governor of Rhode Island, transmitting certain proceedings of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia. Virginia, March 19th, 1773. Sir : — I have received the commands of the House of Burgesses of this colony, to transmit to you a copy of the resolves entered into by them on the 12th instant, which they hope will prove of general utihty, if the other colonies shall think fit to adopt them. They have expressed themselves so fully as to the motives that Ipd to these reso lutions, that I need not say any thing on that point ; and shall only beg you will lay vol. vii. 29 226 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1773. them before your Assembly as early as possible, and request them to appoint some of their body to communicate from time to time with the corresponding committee of Virginia. I am, with great respect, &c, PEYTON RANDOLPH. To the Governor of Rhode Island. Extracts from the Journal of the Proceedings of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia. " Friday, the 12th of March, } 13th George HI., 1773. \ Upon a motion made, — • The House resolved itself into a committee of the whole House, upon the state of the colony. Mr. Speaker left the chair. Mr. Bland took the chair of the committee. Mr. Speaker resumed the chair. Mr. Bland reported from the committee that they had directed him to make the foUowing report to the House, viz. : ' Whereas, the minds of His Majesty's faithful subjects, in this colony, have been much disturbed by various rumors and reports of proceedings, tending to deprive them of their ancient, legal and constitutional rights ; — ¦ And whereas, the affairs of this colony are frequently connected with those of Great Britain, as well as of the neighboring colonies, which renders a communica tion of sentiments necessary ; in order, therefore, to remove the uneasiness, and to quiet the minds of the people, as well as for the other good purposes above men tioned, — Be it resolved, that a standing committee of correspondence and inquiry, be ap pointed, to consist of eleven persons, to wit : the Hon. Peyton Randolph, Esq., Robert Carter Nicholas, Richard Bland, Richard Henry Lee, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Pendleton, Patrick Henry, Dudley Digges, Dabney Carr, Archibald Carey and Thomas Jefferson, Esqs., any six of whom, to be a committee, whose business it shall be, to obtain the most early and authentic intelligence of all such acts and resolu tions of the British Parliament, or proceedings of the administration, as may relate to, or affect the British colonies in America ; and to keep up and maintain a cor respondence and communication with our sister colonies, respecting these important considerations ; and the result of such their proceedings, from time to time to lay before this House. Resolved, that it be an instruction to said committee, that they do, without delay, inform themselves particularly of the principles and authority, on which was con stituted a court of inquiry, said to have been lately held in Rhode Island, with powers to transport persons accused of offences committed in America, to places be yond the seas, to be tried.' The said resolutions being severally read a second time, were, upon the questions severally put thereupon, agreed to, by the House, nemine contradicente. ' Resolyed, that the speaker of this House do transmit to the speakers of the dif- 1773.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 227 ferent Assemblies ofthe British colonies on this continent, copies of the said resolu tions, and desire that they will lay them before their respective Assemblies ; and re quest them to appoint some person or persons of their respective bodies, to commu nicate from time to time, with the said committee.' By the House of Burgesses ofthe colony of Virginia. } G. WTTHE, Extracted from the journal. \ C. H. B.' " Metcalfe Bowler, Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island, to the Speaker of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia. Newport, May 15th, 1773. Sir : — Having received a letter from the speaker of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia, enclosing the resolutions of that patriotic and illustrious Assembly, of the 12th of March last ; and also a letter, from the committee of correspondence and in quiry, by them appointed. I took the earliest opportunity of laying them before the House of Deputies of this colony, who immediately entered into the consideration of them ; and persuad ed that nothing less than a firm and close union of the colonies in the most spirited, prudent and consistent measures can defeat the designs of those who are aiming to deprive them of their inestimable rights and privileges, passed nemine contradicente, the resolutions of which I have the honor to enclose you a copy.* I beg the favor of you to lay them before your House of Representatives as soon as possible. I am, with great respect, &c, &c, METCALFE BOWLER. To the Speaker of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia. Resolutions of the House of Representatives of Rhode Island, relative to the foregoing Correspondence. Whereas, this House hath appointed a committee of correspondence with commit tees ofthe other colonies in North America, respecting the rights and privileges of the colonies, &c. . it is therefore — Resolved by this House, that His Honor the Governor, be requested to deliver the said committee a copy of his commission as one of the judges of the court of * The printed Schedules, or proceedings of the General Assembly, for May, 1773, do not contain these very important resolutions, relative to the measures proposed bv the House of Burgesses, of Virginia ; although it is certain the subject was acted on by the Assembly) at this session. On referring to the manuscript acts and resolves of this period, four blank pages are found ; and as the next minutes of the proceedings of the Assembly, under date of the 7th May, 1773, contain these resolutions, it is evident that the clerk omitted to complete the record, for which the blank pages were left. The sudden breaking off of the manuscript acts and resolves, show that it was intended to make additions; and tbat, for some reason, perhaps to the incompleteness of some papers, the imperfect copy was sent to the printer!. The correspondence growing out of these resolves, appears to be complete. — J/ R. B. 228 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1773. inquiry, constituted from home, and said to be held in this colony ; and of all such other papers, which were laid before said court, as may be consistent with his honor as Governor of this colony. Resolved, that the speaker of this House be requested to write to the Speaker of the House of Burgesses, in Virginia, and to all other speakers of Assemblies in North America, informing them of the proceedings of this House relating to the preservation of the rights of the colonies. Resolved, that a standing committee of correspondence and inquiry, to be ap pointed, to consist of seven persons, to wit : the Honorable Stephen Hopkins, Esq., Metcalfe Bowler, Moses Brown, John Cole, William Bradford, Henry Marchant and Henry Ward, Esqs. ; any four of whom, to be a committee, whose business it shall be, to obtain the most early and authentic intelligence of all such acts and reso lutions of the British Parliament, or proceedings of the administration as may relate to, or affect the British colonies, in America ; and to keep and maintain a corres pondence and communication with the other colonies, respecting those important considerations ; and the result of their proceedings, from time to time, to lay before this House. /. Wentworth, of New Hampshire, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Portsmouth, New Hampshire, "i 27th May, 1773. \ Sir : — Having received a letter from the committee of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia, enclosing their resolves of the 1 2th of March last, a few days before the receipt of yours, ofthe 15th May inst. ; which resolves, the House have duly considj ered, and agree in substance with them ; and you may be assured, that this House will readily concur with you, and all the American colonies, in all constitutional measures, to obtain the desired redress. In behalf of the House, I pray the favor of a copy of the commission of inquiry whenever obtained. I have the honor to be, &c, &c, J. WENTWORTH. To the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Rhode Island. Resolutions of the House of Representatives of New Hampshire, relative to certain Resolutions qf the Colonies of Virginia and Rhode Island. In the House of Representatives, •> May 27th, 1773. \ Province of New Hampshire : Resolved and voted, that a standing committee of correspondence and inquiry, be appointed, to consist of seven persons, viz. : the Hon. John Wentworth, Esq., John Sherburne, William Parker, John Giddinge, Jacob Sheape, Christopher Toppan and John Pickering, Esqs., any four of whom, to be a committee, whose business it shall be, to obtain the most early and authentic intelhgence of all such acts and resolutions of the British Parhament, or proceedings of the administration, as may 1773.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 229° relate to, or affect the British colonies, in America ; and to keep up and maintain a correspondence and communication with our sister colonies, respecting these import tant considerations ; and the result of such their proceedings from time to time to1 lay before this House. Attest : WILLIAM PARKER, Clerk. Extracted from the journal of the House of Representatives, of the Province of New Hampshire. \ Extract from the proceedings of the House qf Representatives of Massachusetts. In the House of Representatives, f May 28th, 1773. J Whereas, the speaker hath communicated to this House a letter from the truly respectable House of Burgesses, in His Majesty's ancient colony of Virginia, enclos ing a copy of the resolves entered into by them on the 12th of March last, and re-' questing that a committee of this House may be appointed, to communicate from time to time, with a corresponding committee then appointed by the said House of Burgesses, of Virginia. And whereas, this House is fully sensible of the necessity and importance of an union of the^several colonies in America, at a time when it clearly appears that the rights and liberties of all are systematically invaded, in order that the joint wisdom of the whole may be employed in consulting their common safety, — Resolved, that this House have a very grateful sense of the obligations they are under to the House of Burgesses, in Virginia, for the vigilance, firmness and wisdom, which they have discovered at all times in support of the rights and liberties of the American colonies ; and do heartily concur with them in their said judicious and spirited resolves. Resolved, that a standing committee of correspondence and inquiry, be appointed ,¦ to consist of fifteen members, any eight of whom, to be a quorum ; whose business it shall be, to obtain the most early and authentic intelligence of all such acts and resolutions of the British Parhament, or proceedings of the administration, as may relate to, or affect the British colonies in America ; and to keep up and maintain a correspondence and communication with our sister colonies, respecting these im portant considerations ; and the result of such their proceedings, from time to time, to lay before the House. Resolved, that it be an instruction to the said committee, that they do, without de lay, inform themselves particularly of the principles and authority on which was constituted a court of inquiry, held in Rhode Island ; said to be vested with powers to transport persons accused of offences committed in America, to places beyond the seas, to be tried. Resolved, that the said committee be further instructed to prepare and report to this House, a draft of a very respectful answer to the letters received from tbe speaker ofthe honorable House of Burgesses, of Virginia, and tho speaker ofthe Honorable House of Representatives ofthe colony of Rhode Island ; also, a circular letter to the speakers of the several other Houses of Assemblies, on this continent, enclosing the aforesaid resolves ; and requesting them to lay the same before their respective As- 230 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1773. semblies, in confidence that they will readily and cheerfully comply with the wise and salutary resolves of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia. Then the House immediately made choice of the following gentlemen, to be the committee of correspondence and communication with the other colonies, viz. : Mr. Speaker, Mr. Samuel Adams, Hon. John Hancock, Esq., Mr. WTilliam Phil lips, Capt. Wilham Heath, Hon. Joseph Hawley, Esq., Hon. James Warren, Esq., Richard Derby, Jr., Esq., Mr. Elbridge Gerry, Jerathmeel Bowers, Esq., Jedediah Foster, Esq., Daniel Leonard, Esq., Capt. Thomas Gardner, Capt. Jonathan Green- leaf and James Prescott, Esq. A true copy: SAM'L ADAMS, Clerk. John Cruger, of Neiv York, to the Speaker ofthe House of Rep resentatives, qf Rhode Island. New York, May 29, 1773. Sir : — I had the honor, this day, to receive your letter, directed to the speaker of the House of Representatives of this province, together with the resolves entered into by the honorable House of Deputies of Rhode Island, which shall be laid before the General Assembly of this colony, so soon as they are convened ; which will not be before the latter end of this, or the beginning of the next year, unless they are called on some extraordinary occasion. I am, with great respect, &c, &c, JOHN CRUGER. To the Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, Esq. The Speaker of the House qf Representatives, of Massachu setts, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Rhode Island. Province ofthe Massachusetts Bay, -> June 3, 1773. \ Sir : — The House of Representatives, of this province, being earnestly attentive to the controversy between Great Britain and the colonies ; and considering that the authority claimed and exercised by Parliament, on the one side ; and by the Gen eral Assemblies of this continent, on the other, greatly militates, and so is productive of this unhappy contention ; think it of the utmost importance to the welfare of both and particularly of the colonies, that the constitutional rights and powers of each, be inquired into, delineated and fully ascertained. Tbat His Majesty's subjects of America, are entitled to the same rights and lib erties, as those of Great Britain ; and that these ought, in justice by the constitution to be as well guaranteed and secured to the one as to the other, are truths too appa rent to be denied. It is by this House, humbly conceived to be likewise undeniable, that the authority as sumed and now forcibly exercised by Parliament over the colonies, is utterly subver sive offreedom in the latter ; and that while His Majesty's loyal subjects in Ameri- 1773.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 231 ca, have the mortification daily to see new abridgments of their rights and liberties, they have notthe least security for those which at present remain. Were the colonists only affected by a legislature, subject to their control, they would even then have no other security than belongs to them by the laws of nature and the English constitution ; but, should the authority now claimed by Parliament, bo fully supported by power, or submitted to by the colonies, it appears to this House, that there will be an end to liberty in America, and that the colonists will then change the name of freemen, for that of slaves. The magnanimous House of Burgesses, of Virginia, having, in order to adjust and settle these important concerns, proposed a method for uniting the councils of its sister colonies, which appears to this House, to be a measure very wise and salutary. It bas, for many years, been the policy of the administration, to disunite, in order to govern the colonies ; and this House is well assured, that had the firm and lasting union now in prospect, taken place early in the controversy, Great Britain and the colonies would at this day have harmonized most happily together. The same effects are yet to be expected from such a union. It was, therefore, with inexpressible pleasure, that this House received your lettor, and the resolves of the patriotic House of Deputies, of the colony of Rhode Island, corresponding with those of Virginia. And the first business of the House in this session, was to pass the enclosed resolves. In the name, and by order of the House, I have the honor, &c, &c, THOMAS CUSHING, To the Speaker of the Honorable House of Representatives } Speaker. of the colony of Rhode Island. J Ebenezer Silliman, of Connecticut, to the Speaker of the House qf Representatives, of Rhode Island. Fairfield, in Connecticut, 25th June, 1773. Sir : — I have received the commands of the House of Representatives, of this colony, to acknowledge the receipt of your favor, of the 15th of May last, which I received while the Assembly of this colony was sitting. I without delay communicated it to the House, who had before received dispatches from the speaker and committee of the House of Burgesses, in Virginia, and had taken the subject matter thereof, into consideration, and came into a complete con currence with the sentiments of that patriotic House ; and fully adopted the mea sures by them proposed. In consequence whereof, the House of Representatives of this colony made sundry resolves, and appointed a committee of correspondence to keep up and maintain a strict and happy union with our sister colonies ; and constantly to correspond, touching any thing that may affect the general interests of the British colonies on the continent I am commanded to tranBmit a copy of said resolves to you, which I here enclose; and in the name and behalf of said House, request you to improve the earliest op portunity to lay them before the House of Representatives of the colony of Rhode Island. I have the, honor to be, &c, &c, EBENEZER SILLIMAN. To the Honorable Speaker ofthe House of Representatives, \ of the colony of Rhode Island. i 232 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1773. Proceedings, fyc, in the Commons House of Assembly, of South Carolina. In the Commons House of Assembly, "l the 8th of July, 1773. \ South Carolina. Mr. Speaker reported to the House, that he had received a letter from the speaker of the Honorable House of Burgesses, of Virginia, enclosing several resolutions of that House ; and the said resolutions being read, were unanimously approved of, by the House. Resolved, that Mr. Speaker, and any eight of the other members of the standing committee of correspondence, be a committee, to inquire for, and obtain intelligence upon the several matters mentioned in the said resolutions ; and to correspond with the committee appointed by the said House of Burgesses, and committees appointed, or to be appointed, in our other sister colonies, respecting the same. Resolved, that Mr. Speaker do transmit the thanks of this House, to the speaker and members of the said House of Burgesses, of Virginia, for communicating the said resolutions to this House, as well as for their steady attention to the general interests of America. Afr. Speaker also reported to the House, that he had received a letter from the committee mentioned in the resolutions of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia, en closing him a copy of an act of the General Assembly, of Virginia, to prevent the counterfeiting the paper money of other colonies. And the said letter and act being read to the House, — Ordered, that leave be given to bring in a bill, to prevent the counterfeiting the paper money of other colonies. And it is referred to Mr. Rutledge, Capt. Gadsden and Col. Pinckney, to prepare and bring in the said bill. A true copy from the journal : THOS. FARR, JR., Clerk. Raw. Lowndes, of South Carolina, to Metcalfe Bowler, of Rhode Island. Charleston, South Carohna, f 22d July, 1773. \ Sir :— I am to acknowledge the receipt of your favors ofthe 15th day of May last, .enclosing a copy of the resolves of your House of Deputies, of the 7th of the same month, respecting the measures proposed by the House of Burgesses, of Virginia. You may assure yourself, sir, that I shall take the first opportunity, after our House meets, which stands prorogued to the 9th of next month, to lay your letter before them. The resolutions of the House [of Burgesses] of Virginia, have been transmitted here, and our House have adopted the wise expedient recommended by that truly respectable senate. I take the liberty to enclose you an extract from our journals of what we have done, relative to that matter ; and also, to the proposition for pre venting the counterfeiting the paper money of other colonies. As a close and firm union of the colonies is most certainly necessary for the gen- 1773.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 233 eral welfare, so ought the general endeavors of the whole to be exerted in averting the dangers threatened to any part. The novel, unconstitutional court of inquiry, set up in your province, is truly alarming ; and requires the united efforts of the colonies to prevent its baneful effects and influence. You will do an acceptable service to our House, if you will be pleased to furnish me (if practicable) with a copy of the commission and instructions, by which the judges are to be governed in the exercise of the most extravagant powers they are said to be vested with ; and of their proceedings in consequence thereof. I have the honor to be, &c, &c, RAW. LOWNDES. The Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, Esq. The Governor of Rhode Island to Lord Dartmouth. Providence, Rhode Island, Aug. 20, 1773. My Lord : — -I am requested by the General Assembly of this colony, to transmit to Your Lordship the enclosed copy of a petition preferred to them by a very con siderable number of respectable inhabitants, concerning the fishery, at, and within, the River St. Lawrence, a matter of public utility and general concern. Permit me, My Lord, to inform Your Lordship, that for several years past, the fish ermen from this colony have erected, at their own cost, and improved certain houses, buildings and stakes upon most or all of the places mentioned in the petition referred to ; of which some of the inhabitants of His Majesty's province of Canada, the spring past, forcibly took possession, and the same detained against right, until awed by numbers. I am also requested to desire Y'our Lordship will please to communicate the subject matter of that petition to His Majesty, that his royal pleasure therein, may be known ; and humbly to entreat His Majesty, in behalf of the poor fishermen, from this, his loyal colony, that they may uninterruptedly prosecute their business, as well at the several places in the said petition specified, as elsewhere within the Gulf of St. Law rence ; provided they conduct themselves inoffensively toward others. I am, My Lord, &c, &c, JOSEPH WANTON. To the Right Honorable the Earl of Dartmouth. Proceedings, §-c, in the Commons House of Assembly, of Georgia. Commons House of Assembly, "> Friday, the 10th September, 1773. { Georgia. Mr. Speaker laid before the House, two letters that he had received from the speaker of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia ; and also, ofthe House of Deputies, of Rhode Island, enclosing resolutions of their respective Houses ; and also, the copy of an act to prevent counterfeiting the paper currency of other colonies ; which said 'resolutions being severally read, were unanimously approved of. Resolved, nem con, that Mr. Speaker, and any five of the committee of correspond- VOL. VII. 30 234 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1773. ence, be a committee to inquire for, and obtain, the earliest intelligence ofthe many important matters contained in the said several resolutions ; and that they likewise do, from time to time, correspond with the respective committees that now are, or may be, appointed by the houses of representatives, on this continent. Resolved, nem con, that the thanks of this House be transmitted to the honorable the speaker, and members of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia; and also, the honorable the speaker and members of the House of Deputies, of Rhode Island, for communicating their intentions firmly to support the rights and privileges of His Majesty's faithful and loyal subjects in America ; and also, to the Honorable Peyton Randolph, Esq., Robert Carter Nicholas and Dudley Digge, Esqs., for transmitting to this House a copy of the above mentioned act. A true copy, taken from the original journals, and examined by — RICHARD CUNNINGHAM CROOKE, Clerk. To the speaker of the House of Representatives of Rhode Island. The Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Pennsylvania, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Rhode Island. Philadelphia, September 25th, 1773. Sir: — I embraced the earliest opportunity, to communicate your favor ofthe 19th of March, with the resolves of the House of Burgesses, of the colony of Virginia, to the Assembly of this province ; and I have it in command from them, to assure your honorable House, that they esteem it a matter of the greatest importance, to co operate with the representatives of the other colonies, in every wise and prudent measure which may be proposed for the preservation and security of their general rights and liberties ; and that it is highly expedient and necessary a correspondence should be maintained between the Assembhes of the several colonies. But, as the present Assembly must in a few days be dissolved by virtue of the charter of the province, and any measures they might adopt at this time, be ren dered, by the dissolution, ineffectual, they have earnestly recommended the subject matter of the letter and resolves ofthe House of Burgesses, of Virginia, to the consid eration ofthe succeeding Assembly. In the name, and by order ofthe House, I have the honor to be, &c, &c, JOSEPH GALLOWAY, Speaker. To the Honorable the Speaker ofthe House of Deputies, ) of the colony of Rhode Island. ) Proceedings, ^c, of the Lower House of Assembly, of Maryland. By the Lower House of Assembly, \ Friday, October 15th, 1773. i The order of the day being read, the House took into consideration the several letters, and other papers, communicated to this House by the honorable speaker, and addressed to him, by the honorable the speakers of the several colonies of Virginia, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and Rhode Island ; and — 1773.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 235 Resolved unanimously, that this House most cordially accept the invitation to a mutual correspondence and intercourse with our sister colonies. Resolved, unanimously, that a standing committee of correspondence and inquiry, be apppointed, to consist of eleven persons, to wit : the Honorable Matthew Til^i- man, Esq., speaker ; John Hall, Thomas Johnson, William Paca, Samuel Chase, Edward Lloyd, Matthias Hammond, Josias Beall, James Lloyd Chamberlaine, Brice Thomas, Beale Worthington and Joseph Sim, Esqs. ; any five of whom, to be a com mittee, whose business it shall be, to obtain the most early and authentic intelligence of all such acts and resolutions of the British Parliament, or proceedings of the ad ministration as may relate to, or affect the British colonies, in America ; and to keep up and maintain a correspondence and communication with our sister colonies, re specting these important considerations ; and the result of such their proceedings, from time to time, to lay before this House. Resolved, unanimously, that the speaker of this House transmit to the speakers of the different Assemblies of the British colonies, on this continent, copies of the above resolutions. JNO. DUCKETT, Clerk of the Lower House. Extracted from the journal of the Lower House of Assembly, ) of the Province of Maryland. | Proceedings, fyc, in the House of Representatives, of Delaware. Counties on Delaware, in the House of Representatives, \ Saturday, October 23d, 1773. A. M. i On motion of Mr. Read, — Ordered, that the several letters, from the respective speakers of the House of Bur gesses, in the colony of Virginia; the House of Deputies, in the colony of ljhode Island ; and the House of Representatives, in the Province of the Massachusetts Bay ; with the several resolves enclosed," be read the second time; which was done, accordingly. And the House, taking the same into consideration, resolved itself into a grand committee ofthe whole House. The speaker left the chair. Mr. M'Kean took the chair of the committee. Mr. Speaker resumed the chair. Mr. M'Kean reported from the committee, that they had directed him to make the following report to the House, viz. : Whereas, the speaker of the late Assembly, presented to the House, several letters, which he received during the recess of the House ; one, from the truly patriotic House of Burgesses, of His Majesty's ancient dominion of Virginia, enclos ing a copy of 'certain resolutions entered into by them, on the 12th of March last . one,' from the honorable House of Deputies, of the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, enclosing certain resolutions entered into by them, on the 7th of May last ; and one, from the free and spirited House of Representa tives, of the Province of tbe Massachusetts Bay, enclosing certain resolutions, entered into by them, on the 28th of May last; and requesting that a committee of this House may be appointed, to communicate, from time to time, with the corres ponding committees, appointed by the said Assemblies, and named in the said respec tive resolves. And, whereas, this House is of opinion, that the measures adopted by the aforesaid 236 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1773. Assemblies, and proposed to this, are very salutary, and highly necessary at this time, when the rights and liberties of all appear to be systematically invaded. Cesolved, that this House have a very grateful sense of the obligations they are under to the House of Burgesses, in Virginia, for the vigilance, firmness and wis dom, which they have discovered at all times, in support of the rights and liberties of the American colonies ; and do heartily concur with them in their said judicious and spirited resolves. Resolved, that a standing committee of correspondence and inquiry, be appointed, to consist of five members, any three of whom, to be a quorum ; whose business it shall be, to obtain the most early and authentic intelligence of all such acts aud resolutions of the British Parhament, or proceedings of the administration, as may relate to, or affect the British colonies in America ; and to keep up and maintain a correspondence and communication with our sister colonies, respecting these im portant considerations ; and the result of such their proceedings, from time to. time, to lay before the House. Resolved, that it be an instruction to the said committee, that they do, without de lay, inform themselves particularly of the principles and authority on which was constituted a court of inquiry, held in Rhode Island ; said to be vested with powers to transport persons accused of offences committed in America, to places beyond the seas, to be tried. Resolved, that the said committee be further instructed to prepare and report to this House, drafts of very respectful answers to the letters above mentioned ; also, a circular letter to the speakers of the several other Houses of Assembly, on this continent, enclosing the aforesaid resolves ; and requesting them to lay the same before their respective Assemblies, in confidence that they will readily and cheer fully comply with the well-concerted and wise resolves of the House of Burgesses, in Virginia. To which said resolves, the House agreed, nemine contradicente. Then the House immediately made choice of the following gentlemen to be the committee of correspondence and communication with the other colonies, viz. : Mr. Speaker, George Read, Thomas M'Kean, John M'Kinly and Thomas Robin son, Esqs. I do hereby certify, that the above and foregoing, is a true copy of the minutes of Assembly. DAVID THOMPSON, Clerk ibid. Ccesar Rodney, Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Delaware, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Newcastle, ou Delaware, October 25th, 1773. Sir : — I am ordered by the House of Representatives, of this government, to ac knowledge the receipt of your letter ofthe 15th of May last, addressed to the speaker of the late Assembly here, enclosing a copy of the resolves, entered into by the House of Deputies, of your colony ; and to inform you, that the same were laid before this House, the first time they met, after receiving them. 1773.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 237 And I now have the pleasure of transmitting to you, a copy of their minutes and proceedings on this occasion : which are so expressive of their sentiments of the measures adopted and recommended by your House, that nothing need be added thereto. In the name, and by the order of the House, I am, with the greatest respect, &c, &c, CiESAR RODNEY, Speaker. To the Honorable Speaker of the House of Representatives, > of the colony of Rhode Island. j The Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Georgia, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Savannah, in Georgia, 20th November, 1773. Sh' : — Your esteemed favor, enclosing several resolutions of the House of Depu ties, of the colony of Rhode Island, has duly come to hand ; and I took an opportu nity of laying them before the Commons House of Assembly, of this province, who immediately entered into some ; of which, I have the pleasure, by order of the House, to enclose you a copy. By them, you will see that the representatives of the people are not backward in any thing that may have a tendency to promote the general welfare of America ; a the same, to testify their abhorrence of measures that strike ultimately at the de struction of our liberties and privileges. I have the honor to be, sir, &c, &c, WILLIAM YOUNG. To the Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, Esq. The Speaker of the House qf Representatives, of Georgia, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Savannah, in Georgia, 20th November, 1773. Sir : — I have tho honor to transmit the thanks of the Commons House of Assem bly, of this province, to you, sir, and the other members of the House of Deputies, of Rhode Island, for communicating your intentions firmly to support the rights and liberties of America. I am, respectfully, sir, &c, &c, WILLIAM YOUNG. To the Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, Esq. The Speaker of the House of Delegates, of Maryland, ta the Speaker qf the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Maryland, December 6, 1773. Sir : — Having received your letter of the 15th May last, together with the resolu tions of your House of Deputies, I took the earliest opportunity of laying them be fore the House of Delegates, of this province ; who, sensible of the great utility of a 238 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1773. perfect union amongst the colonies, most readily concurred in the measure proposed by the House of Burgesses, of Virginia; and came to the resolutions I have now the honor to enclose, and which I have it in command to transmit to you ; requesting you will lay them before your House of Deputies, at their next meeting. I am, sir, with great respect, &c., &c, MAT. TILGHMAN. To the Speaker of the House of Deputies, of Rhode Island. Proceedings, #-c, of the House of Representatives of North Carolina. In the Assembly, 18th December, 1773. North Carolina. Upon the speaker's communicating to this House, a letter from the truly patriotic House of Burgesses, of His Majesty's ancient dominion of Virginia, enclosing a copy of certain resolves entered into by them, upon the 12th of March last, and re questing that this House would appoint a committee, to communicate from time to time, with a corresponding committee by them then appointed ; and also letters from several of our sister colonies, expressing the high approbation of, and concur rence with so salutary a measure; this House — Resolve, that the vigilance which the honorable House of Burgesses, of Virginia, have displayed in attending to every encroachment upon the rights and liberties of America, and the wisdom and vigor with which they have always opposed such en croachments, are worthy the imitation and merit the gratitude of all their sister colonies ; and in no instance more particularly, than the measure proposed for ap^ pointing corresponding committees in every colony, by which such harmony and communication will be estabhshed among them, that they will at all times be ready to exert their united efforts, and most strenuous endeavors to preserve the just rights and liberties ofthe American colonies ; which appear of late, to be so systematically invaded, that we heartily concur with their spirited resolves. Resolved, that a standing committee of correspondence and inquiry, be ap pointed, to consist of nine persons, to wit : Mr. Speaker, Mr. Howe, Mr. Harnell, Mr. Hooper, Mr. Caswell, Mr. Vail, Mr. Ashe, Mr. Hewes and Mr. Samuel John ston, any five of whom, to be a committee, whose business it shall be, to obtain tbe most early and authentic intelligence of all such acts and resolutions of the British Parliament, or proceedings of the administration as may relate to, or affect the British colonies, in America ; and to keep and maintain a correspondence and communication with the other colonies, respecting those important considerations ; and the result of their proceedings, from time to time, to lay before this House. Resolved, that it be an instruction to said committee, that they do, without delay, inform themselves particularly of the principles and authority, on which was con stituted a court of inquiry, said to have been lately held in Rhode Island, with powers to transport persons accused of offences committed in America, to places be yond the seas, to be tried. Resolved, that the speaker of this House write respectful answers to the letters above mentioned ; and also, a circular letter of thanks to the speakers ofthe several Houses of Assembly, who have so spiritedly adopted the patriotic resolutions and 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 239 measures of the truly respectable House of Burgesses, of Virginia , and for their' obliging communication thereof to this House, enclosing a copy of our proceedings and requesting them to lay the same before their respective Assemblies. By order: JAS. GREENJIMELK. The Speaker ofthe House of Representatives, of North Carolina, to the Speaker of the House Representatives, of Rhode Island. North Carolina, December 26th, 1773. Sir : — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your much esteemed favor of the 15th of May, accompanying the resolves of the House of Deputies, which I lost no time in laying before the House of Assembly, of this colony ; who very cheer fully received and adopted them. I have it in command, to transmit you the resolutions entered into by our House, ¦which you will herewith receive ; and am, With great respect and esteem, sir, &c, &c, JOHN HARVEY. To the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Newport, the first Wednesday of May, 1774. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. The following officers, declared elected, were duly engaged . The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. ASSISTANTS. Mr. John Collins, Mr. Thomas Wickes, Mr. Peleg Barker, Mr. Jonathan Randall, Mr. David Harris, Mr. John Congdon, Mr. John Sayles, Jr., Mr. William Potter, Mr. John Almy, ^r- William Richmond. 240 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. DEPUTIES. Newport. East Greenwich. Mr. Thomas Cranston, Mr. Preserved Pearce, Mr. John Wanton, Mr. William Pearce. Mr. George Hazard, Jamestown. Mr. John Bours, Mr. Edward Hull, Mr. John Read, Mr. Daniel Weeden, Jr* Mr. Thomas Freebody. Smithfield. Providence. Mr. Israel Wilkinson, Mr. Stephen Hopkins, Mr. William Winsor. Mr. John Jenckes, Scituate. Mr. John Smith, Mr. Ezekiel Cornell, Mr. John Matthewson. Mr. Rufus Hopkins. Portsmouth. Glocesler. Mr. Metcalfe Bowler, Mr. Silas Williams, Mr. John Jepson, Mr. Chad Brown. Mr. Joseph Brownell, Charlestown. Mr. John Shearman. Mr. Sylvester Robinson, Warwick. Mr. Jesse Champlin. Mr. Benjamin Greene, West Greenwich- Mr. William Greene, Mr. Benjamin Tillinghast, Mr. Jacob Greene, Mr. Thomas Gorton. Mr. John Low. Coventry. Westerly. Mr. Israel Bowen, Mr. Joshua Babcock, Mr. Caleb Vaughan. Mr. Stephen Saunders. Exeter. New Shoreham. Mr. George Pierce, Mr. John Sands, Mr. John Chapman. Mr. Walter Rathbun. Middletown. North Kingstown. Mr. Nicholas Easton, Mr. Peter Phillips, Mr. Isaac Smith. Mr. John Northup. Bristol. South Kingstown. Col. Simeon Potter, Mr. John Potter, Mr. William Bradford. Mr. Carder Hazard. 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 241 DEPUTIES. Tiverton. Mr. Edward Gray, Capt. John Cooke. Little Compton. Mr. Thomas Church, Mr. Daniel Wilbur. Warren. Mr. Sylvester Child, Mr. Nathan Miller. Cumberland. Mr. John Dexter, Mr. Nathaniel Shepperdson. Richmond. Mr. Robert Stanton, Mr. Caleb Barber. Cranston. Mr. Joseph Rhodes, Mr. Thomas Potter. Hopkinton. Mr. Thomas Wells, Jr., Mr. Jesse Maxson. Johnston. Mr. Edward Fenner, Mr. Jeduthun Belknap. North Providence. Capt. Stephen Jenckes, Mr. Thomas Olney. Barrington. Mr. Nathaniel Martin, Mr. Thomas Allen. The Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, speaker ; Mr. Josias Lyndon, clerk. Mr. Henry Ward, secretary. Mr. Henry Marchant, attorney general. Mr. Joseph Clarke, general treasurer. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., chief justice of the superior court of judicature, court of assize and general jail delivery. SHERIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Mr. Walter Chaloner. Providence county — Mr. Paul Tew. Kings county — Mr. Beriah Brown. Bris tol county — Mr. John Brown. Kent county — Mr. Henry Rice. FIELD OFFICERS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Mr. Daniel Dunham, colonel ; Mr. Isaac Dayton, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. John Forrester, major. Providence county — Mr. James Angell, colonel ; Mr. Chat} Brown, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Jabez Bowen, major. vol.^vii. 31 242 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. Kings county — Mr. Moses Barber, colonel ; Mr. James Babcock, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Jonathan Vaughan, major. Kent county — Mr. John Waterman, colonel ; Mr. John Low, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Joseph Fry, major. Whereas, Mr. Abial Brown, of South Kingstown, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that on the 6th instant, his house, and the principal part of his furniture, were accidentally consumed by fire ; by which misfortune, he, with his wife, and four small children, are reduced to a state of poverty and distress ; and thereupon, prayed this Assembly to grant him a lottery, for raising the sum of $500, in such and so many classes as the directors shall think best, to be ap plied to his relief ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the foregoing petition, lie, and the same is hereby, granted, upon the usual conditions ; provided, that no charge accrue to the colony ; and that Messrs. Robert Potter, Abijah Brown and John Gard ner (son of John), all of South Kingstown, be appointed directors of the said lottery. Whereas, a number of the inhabitants of East Greenwich, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that there is, at present, but one school house in the compact part of the said town ; and that another is necessary for the educa tion of youth ; and thereupon prayed this Assembly, that a lottery may be granted, to raise the sum of $600, to be ap plied towards the purchasing a lot, and building a public school house in the said town ; and that Preserved Pearce, Esq., Mr. Oliver Arnold and Mr. John Reynolds, all of East Greenwich ; and Silas Casey, Esq. and Mr. Isaac Tripp, Jr., both of Warwick, may be appointed directors of the said lottery ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the foregoing pe tition be, and the same is hereby, granted, on the usual condi tions ; provided, that no charge accrue to the colony, thereby. Whereas, Mr. Griffin Greene, of Coventry, forge-master, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that, 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 243 at the session of this Assembly, held in August, A. D. 1772, a lottery was granted, to raise the sum of $2,-500, for repair ing a loss sustained by the forge, in Coventry, aforesaid, being burnt ; that Messrs. William Greene, Christopher Greene and Charles Holdon, Jr., of Warwick, were appointed directors; that, in conformity thereto, two classes of said lottery have been drawn, for raising the sum of $500, only ; that the greatness of the plan, hath proved an insurmountable obstacle to its fur ther progress ; that Messrs. Nathaniel Greene and Company, parties concerned, are willing to relinquish their interest in said lottery, with respect to any further gain ; and that he is, and hath been, a great sufferer, and stands in need of assistance ; and thereupon, the said Griffin Greene prayed this Assembly, that the mode of said lottery may be altered ; and that he may be permitted to raise the sum of $500, by one or more classes, under the direction of the above named directors ; they complying with the usual requisitions; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the aforesaid pe tition be, and the same is hereby, granted. It is voted and resolved, that the number of families and persons in this colony be taken ; specifying the number of whites, Indians and blacks, both male and female ; and ascer taining the number above, and under, the age cf sixteen ; and that the persons whose names are set down in the subsequent list, be, and they are hereby, appointed to take the account in their respective towns, to wit : Persons appointed by the General Assembly, to make an Enu meration of the Inhabitants of the Colony. Newport— Mr. Edward Thurston, Jr., South Kingstown— Mr. Nath'l Hawkins. William Coddington, Esq. East Greenwich— William Pierce, Esq. Providence— James Angell, Esq. Jamestown— Benj. Underwood, Esq. Portsmouth— John Shearman, Esq. Smithfield— Daniel Mowry, Jr., Esq. Warwick— Mr. Anthony Low. Scituate— Mr. Rufus Hopkins. Westerly— Joseph Crandall, Esq. Glocester— Zebedee Hopkins, Jr., Esq. New Shoreham— Mr. John Sands. Charlestown— Mr. Jonathan llassard. North Kingstown— Peter Phillips, Esq. West Greenwich— Job Spencer, Esq. 244 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. Coventry^Mr. Abel Bennett. Cumberland — John Dexter, Esq. Exeter — George Peiree, Esq. Richmond — Robert Stanton, Esq. MiddletoWn — John Barker, Esq. Cranston — Thomas Potter, Esq. Bristol — Richard Smith, Esq. Hopkinton — Thomas Wells, Jr., Esq. Tiverton — Walter Cooke, Esq. Johnston — Edward Fenner, Esq. Little Compton — Thomas Church, Esq. North Providence — Hope Angell, Esq. Warren — William Turner Miller, Esq. Barrington — Mr. Thom'as Allen. It is further voted and resolved, that, in case any of the above named persons shall refuse, or by any casualty be ren dered unable to serve, then the deputies in the respective towns be, and they are hereby, empowered to appoint others in their stead. And it is further voted and resolved, that the secretary transmit, by express, as soon as possible, a copy hereof, to the persons above appointed ; and also, furnish each person with a proper roll, with ruled columns, to take the numbers ; and that the persons so appointed, make return thereof, to this Assem bly, at the next session. It is voted and resolved, that the thanks of this Assembly be given to the Hon. Darius Sessions, Esq., Deputy Governor of this colony, for his spirited conduct in exerting his authority for the honor of the colony, in issuing a proclamation for appre hending Daniel Willson, a criminal, under sentence of death, who had broken out of the jail in Providence. And that the sheriff of the county of Providence, present an account of the expenses and charges of apprehending the said Willson, to this Assembly, at the next session. God save the King. 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 245 Proceedings qf the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Newport, on the second Monday in June, 1774. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. Whereas, Mr. Benjamin Greene, one of the owners of the ironworks, in Coventry, called Greene's Iron Works, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that a lottery was heretofore granted to the owners of the said iron works, to enable them to re-build them, after they had been consumed by fire ; that the said owners have received but small benefit from the said lottery ; that the expense of re-building them, hath been very great, and particularly heavy upon him ; and that, as the said branch of business is exceedingly advantag eous to the public, he is greatly encouraged to hope that a lot tery, for his relief, will be soon filled ; and thereupon, the said Benjamin Greene prayed this Assembly to grant him a lottery, to raise the sum of $600, towards discharging the expenses of re-building the said iron works ; and that Capt. David Bray- ton, of Coventry ; Mr. Daniel Hall, of North Kingstown ; and Mr. John Greene, (son of David,) of Warwick, be appointed directors thereof ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the aforesaid petition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual conditions and restrictions ; provided, no charge accrue to the colony, thereby. It is voted and resolved, that William Potter, Esq., be, and he is hereby, appointed to procure a new court house to be bui[t, in the county of Kings county, upon the place where the old court house now stands, agreeably to the plan presented to this Assembly, by the committee, appointed for that purpose ; 246 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774, that he sell the old court house for what it will fetch, and ap ply the money, arising from the sale thereof, towards building the new court house ; and that the said old house remain in the condition it is now in, until after the sitting of the superior court in April next. This Assembly taking into the most serious consideration, several acts of the British Parliament, for levying taxes upon His Majesty's subjects, in America, without their consent, and par ticularly an act lately passed, for blocking up the port of Boston ; which act, even upon the supposition that the people of Boston had justly deserved punishment, is scarcely to be paralleled in history, for the severity of the vengeance executed upon them ; and also considering to what a deplorable state this, and all the other colonies are reduced, when, by an act of Parliament, in which the subjects in America have not a single voice, and without being heard, they may be divested of property, and deprived of liberty ; do, upon mature deliberation, — Resolve, 1st. That it is the opinion of this Assembly, that a firm and inviolable union of all the colonies, in councils and measures, is absolutely necessary for the preservation of their rights and liberties ; and that, for that purpose, a convention of representatives, from all the colonies, ought to be holden, in some suitable place, as soon as may be, in order to consult up on proper measures to obtain a repeal of the said acts ; and to establish the rights and liberties of the colonies, upon a just and solid foundation. 2d. That the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, and the Hon. Samuel Ward, Esqs., be, and they are hereby, appointed by this As sembly, to represent the people of this colony, in a general congress of representatives, from the other colonies, at such time and place, as shall be agreed upon by the major part of the committees appointed, or to be appointed, by the colonies in general. 3d. That they consult and advise with the representatives of the other colonies, who shall meet in such congress, upon a loyal and dutiful petition, and remonstrance, to be presented to His Majesty, as the united voice of his faithful subjects in 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 247 America, setting forth the grievances they labor under, and praying his gracious interposition for their relief ; and that in case a major part of the representatives of all the colonies shall agree upon such petition and remonstrance, they be empowered to sign the same, in behalf of this colony. 4th. That they also consult and advise upon all such rea sonable and lawful measures, as may be expedient for the colonies, in an united manner, to pursue, in order to procure a redress of their grievances ; and to ascertain and establish their rights and liberties. 5th. That that they also endeavor to procure a regular, an nual convention of representatives from all the colonies, to con sider of proper means for the preservation of the rights and lib erties of the colonies. 6th. That the speaker of the lower house transmit, as soon as may be, copies of these resolutions, to the present or late speakers of the respective houses of representatives of all the British colonies upon the continent. An Act establishing an independent company, by the name of The Light Infantry, for the county of Providence. [Here follows the charter.] At the request of the persons formed into a company, by the name of The Light Infantry, for the county of Providence, — It is voted and resolved, that the following persons be, and hereby are, appointed the first commissioned officers for the said company, to wit : John Matthewson, captain ; Jonathan Ellis, first lieutenant ; Thomas Truman, second lieutenant ; Asa Franklin, ensign. Whereas, a number of the inhabitants of towns of Warwick and Cranston, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that they have built a meeting house for the church and congregation of the Baptist denomination, at Pawtuxet ; and that there is still wanting, in the said place, a parsonage house and lot, for the settlement and dwelling of the minister of the. 248 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. said congregation ; and therefore prayed this Assembly to grant a lottery, for raising the sum of £300, lawful money, for the purpose of purchasing a parsonage lot, and building a parsonage house, to be, and remain, forever hereafter, to and for the use of the minister of the said congregation, at said Pawtuxet ; and that Anthony Aborn, Esq. and Mr. Nehemiah Rhodes, both of Cranston, aforesaid ; and Robert Rhodes, Esq. and Mr. Benj. Arnold, both of Warwick, aforesaid, may be appointed directors of the said lottery, to raise the said sum of money, for the purpose aforesaid, as soon as conveniently may be ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the said petition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual condi tions and restrictions ; provided, that no charge accrue to the colony, thereby. Whereas, the General Assembly, at their session held in Au gust, A. D. 1773, passed an act, entitled "An act making it lawful to break down and blow up the rocks at Pawtucket Falls, to let fish pass up ;" through a misunderstanding of which act, many disadvantages have happened, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the Hon. Stephen Hopkins and the Hon. Darius Sessions, Esqs., and Mr. Moses Brown, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, with power to see the said act truly executed ; and that no rocks be blown up, nor any thing done, by virtue of said act, but by the direction or permission of the said committee, or any two of them, Whereas, Messrs. Nicholas Brown, Joseph Brown, John Brown, Benjamin Thurber, Daniel Cahoone, Daniel Tilling hast, Edward Thurber, William Russell, Nathaniel Wheaton, Christopher Sheldon, Ephraim Wheaton and John Jenckes, the committee of the Baptist or Anti-Pedobaptist society, in the town of Providence, did, in behalf of said society, prefer a pe tition, and represent unto this Assembly, that the said society hath purchased a convenient lot, to build a meeting house up on, for the public worship of Almighty God, and holding the ublic commencements in ; and that the purchase of the said 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 249 lot, together with the building a proper house for the purposes, aforesaid, will be attended with very great expense ; and thereupon prayed that a lottery may be granted, to raise the sum of .£2,000, to enable the said society to carry their pious designs into execution ; on consideration Avhereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the said petition be, and the same is hereby, granted under the usual restric tions and conditions ; provided, that no charge accrue to the colony, thereby ; and that the first class of the said lottery be not drawn until the 1st day of October next. And it is further voted and resolved, that Messrs. Nicholas Brown, John Jenckes, Benjamin Thurber, Daniel Tillinghast, William Russell, Edward Thurber, Nathaniel Wheaton, James Arnold, William Holroyd and Nicholas Power, be, and they are hereby, appointed directors of the said lottery. Whereas, a certain act of the British Parliament, for stop ping up the harbor of Boston, is now in its full operation, to the great distress of that town in particular, and of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, in general. And whereas, it appears to this Assembly, that the said act is in direct violation of the rights and liberties of that people ; and, as such, is truly alarming to every colony upon the con tinent of British America, with a sense whereof, this Assem bly is deeply impressed. And whereas, the Supreme Being, upon account of our mani fold sins, may have permitted the present invasions of Ameri can liberty, and every public evil with which we are threat ened, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that Thursday, the 30th day of this instant June, be set apart as a day of public fast ing, prayer and supplication, throughout this colony, to be seech Almighty God to grant us sincere repentance ; to avert every threatened judgment from us, and restore us to the full enjoyment of our rights and privileges ; and, in particular, that he would appear for the relief and recovery of the town of Boston, from their present distressed situation ; and that vol. vn. 32 250 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. His Honor the Governor, be, and he is hereby, requested to issue a proclamation accordingly, recommending a decent and due observance thereof, by all public religious societies, as well as individuals. It is voted and resolved, that this Assembly hath a tender commisseration for the poor in Boston, and will, at a future session, cheerfully assist towards their support, as their neces- ities may require, and the abilities of the colony afford. Whereas, Gideon Almy, of Tiverton, in the county of New port, trader, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that the last fall he laid out every shilling he was worth in fitting out two-third parts of the sloop Sally, on a whaling voyage ; that the said sloop, meeting with success, had got on board one hundred and twenty barrels of oil, by the latter end of January last ; and that the said sloop being obliged, in a gale of wind, to come to an anchor under His paniola, was seized by a French frigate, carried into Port-au- Prince, and there, with her whole cargo, condemned as a law ful prize ; by which misfortune, he hath totally lost upwards of $2,000, being the whole what he was worth, and had scraped together, by his unwearied diligence and industry, and is deprived of the means of putting himself into any way of business, to support a wife and seven children. And thereupon, the said Gideon Almy prayed this Assembly to grant him a lottery, under the direction of Messrs. Edward Gray, Joseph Wanton, Jr., John Cooke and Isaac Corey, for raising the sum of $1,200, to help him forward in business again ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the aforesaid pe tition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual conditions and restrictions ; provided, that no charge accrue to the colony, thereby. It is voted and resolved, that the attorney general, Mr. John Read and Mr. Thomas Freebody, be, and they are hereby, ap pointed a committee, to prepare a bill to prevent the introduc ing and passing, false copper money in this colony ; and that they 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 251 present the same to this General Assembly, as soon as con veniently may be. It is voted and resolved, that William Potter, Esq., be, and he is hereby, directed to advertise in the public prints, in this colony, the dimensions of the court-house, to be built in the county of Kings county, and the manner in which it is to be built, and finished ; and request the house carpenters in the colony to send in to him their proposals for building the same, in writing, sealed up. That he contract by tho great, with such carpenter or car penters, as shall appear skillful, and will undertake the busi ness upon the best terms. That he do the same, with regard to masons, and other workmen. And that the said William Potter be, and he is hereby, em powered to draw out of the general treasury, the sum of £300, lawful money, towards carrying on the said building. An Act prohibiting the importation of Negroes into this Colony. Whereas, the inhabitants of America are generally engaged in the preservation of their own rights and liberties, among which, that of personal freedom must be considered as the greatest ; as those who are desirous of enjoying all the advan tages of liberty themselves, should be willing to extend per sonal liberty to others ; — Therefore, be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the authority thereof it is enacted, that for the future, no negro or mulatto slave shall be brought into this colony ; and in case any slave shall hereafter be brought in, he or she shall be, and are hereby, rendered immediately free, so far as respects per sonal freedom, and the enjoyment of private property, in the same manner as the native Indians. Provided, nevertheless, that this law shall not extend to ser vants of persons travelling through this colony, who are not in habitants thereof, and who carry them out with them, when they leave the same. Provided, also, that nothing in this act shall extend, or be 252 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. deemed to extend, to any negro or mulatto slave, belonging to any inhabitant of either of the British colonies, islands or plan- tations, who shall come into this colony, with an intention to settle or reside, for a number of years, therein ; but such ne gro or mulatto, so brought into this colony, by such person in clining to settle or reside therein, shall be, and remain, in the same situation, and subject in like manner to their master or mistress, as they were in the colony or plantation from whence they removed. Provided, nevertheless, that if any person, so coming into this colony, to settle or reside, as aforesaid, shall afterwards remove out of the same, such person shall be obliged to carry all such negro or mulatto slaves, as also all such as shall be born from them, out of the colony with them. Provided, also, that nothing in this act shall extend, or be deemed to extend, to any negro or mulatto slave brought from the coast of Africa, into the West Indies, on board any vessel belonging to this colony, and which negro or mulatto slave could not be disposed of in the West Indies, but shall be brought into this colony. Provided, that the'owner of such negro or mulatto slave give bond to the general treasurer of the said colony, within ten days after such arrival in the sum of £100, lawful money, for each and every such negro or mulatto slave so brought in, that such negro or mulatto slave shall be exported out of the col ony, within one year from the date of such bond ; if such negro or mulatto be alive, and in a condition to be removed. Provided, also, that nothing in this act shall extend, or be deemed to extend, to any negro or mulatto slave that may be on board any vessel belonging to this colony, now at sea, in her present voyage. And to prevent any slave or slaves from being clandestinely brought into this colony, in order that they may be free, and liable to become chargeable, — Be it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid, that all persons, so offending, shall be liable to, and pay, a fine of £100, lawful money, for each and every one so brought in, to 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 253 and for the use of the colony, to be recovered in the same man ner that other fines and forfeitures usually are, by the laws of this government. And also, all persons who shall be convicted of receiving, harboring, or concealing, any such negro or mulatto slave, within this colony, he or they, so offending, shall be liable to the like penalty, to be recovered and applied in the same man ner ; and such negro or mulatto shall be sent out of the colo ny, as other poor persons are, by law. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. Carder Hazard, Ben jamin Greene and John Read, be, and they, or any two of them, are hereby, appointed a committee to audit the accounts of all the persons who, according to appointment, have taken an account of the number of people in this colony ; and that they make report to this Assembly, at the next session. It is voted and resolved, that the petition from divers of the inhabitants of Middletown, praying that the act granting an excise on wine and other strong liquors, in said town, may be repealed, be, and the same is hereby, referred to the next ses sion ; and that in the mean time, the town treasurer of the said town of Middletown, be cited to appear then, to answer the same. Whereas, Mr. Edward Thurston, Jr., presented unto this As-* sembly, the following report, to wit : Report of the Committee, appointed by the General Assembly, to take the number of the Inhabitants of the Colony. Pursuant to the appointment of the honorable House, I have completed the lists from the several towns, of the numbers of families and persons ; and find the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, contains 9,449 families ; and 59,678 inhabitants ; of which, 54,435 are whites ; 1,482 are Indians, and 3,761 are blacks, agreeably to the list herewith presented. Which is submitted by — Your Honors' humble servant, EDWARD THURSTON, JR. To the Honorable the House of Deputies. 254 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. And the said report being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, accepted ; that the secretary insert in the schedule of the acts and orders ef this Assembly, the list, with the said report pre sented ; and that six shillings, lawful money, be allowed, and paid the said Edward Thurston, Jr., out of the general treasu ry, for his above mentioned service. God save the King. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at East Green wich, on the fourth Monday in August, 1774. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. Whereas, this Assembly granted a lottery, for raising a sum of money, to be applied towards building a Baptist meeting house, in the town of Providence ; and some time in the month of October next, was appointed for drawing the same. And whereas, the directors of the said lottery have repre sented unto this Assembly, that they have disposed of all the tickets in the first class ; — It is therefore voted and resolved, at the request of the said directors, that they may draw the said lottery forthwith, or as soon in this month, or as early in September next, as they can get ready. Whereas, Mr. Joseph Burrill exhibited unto this Assembly, an account by him charged against the colony, for a large speaking-trumpet, for Fort George ; and the said account be ing duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that twelve shillings, lawful money, being the amount thereof, be paid the said Joseph Burrill, out of the general treasury. 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 255 It is voted and resolved, that £60, lawful money, be al lowed, and paid out of the general treasury, to the Hon. Ste phen Hopkins, Esq. ; and the like sum to the Hon. Samuel Ward, Esq., the delegates appointed by this colony, to meet the commissioners from the other colonies, in general congress, to defray their present exigences ; and that they account for the same, to this Assembly. Whereas, it hath been represented to this Assembly, by Col. Benjamin Wickham, that the lottery granted to him by an act of this Assembly, passed in August, A. D. 1773, for the dis posal of his real estate, to enable him to discharge his debts, hath met with discouragements, so that there appears but little prospect, at present, of its being filled and drawn. And whereas, the colony obtained an execution against the said Benjamin Wickham, for upwards of £60, lawful money, which was returned, unsatisfied, to the last inferior court of common pleas, held at Newport ; in order to further the re covery of the said sum, for the colony, as well as to encourage the said lottery, and thereby to relieve the said Wickham, — It is voted and resolved, that the general treasurer be, and he is hereby, directed to purchase of the directors of the said lottery, on the account and risk of the colony, as many tickets in the said lottery as the debt and cost of the said execution amount to ; on this condition, that the said execution be not discharged until the said lottery be drawn. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. Thomas Freebody and John Smith, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to divide and set off to the county of Providence, their propor tion of the colony's arms, now in the town of Newport, accord ing to their proportion of the last colony tax. That they deliver them to such person as shall be appointed by His Honor the Deputy Governor, to receive them, he giv ing a receipt therefor. And that the said arms, so delivered, be always kept clean, and in good order, at the charge of the town of Providence, be lodged in the colony house, in Providence, and be returned when demanded by this Assembly. 256 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1774. Whereas, William Holden, of Warwick, in the county of Kent, presented a petition, and represented unto this Assem bly, that he, some years ago, exerted himself to the utmost of his abilities, and, with great labor and expense . erected a dam across Pawtuxet River, and thereon erected a grist mill, which supplied many ofthe neighboring towns, especially when many other mills failed for want of water. That the last winter, the upper part of said dam was carried away by a great flood. That he hath been so reduced, by the sickness of himself and family, that he is unable to repair the said dam ; and that if it be not repaired, it will not only be a heavy loss to him, but prove very detrimental to many of the inhabitants of the colony. And thereupon, the said William Holden prayed this As sembly to grant him a lottery, to raise about £50, lawful money, to enable him to repair and secure the said dam ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved) that the said petition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual conditions and restrictions ; provided, that no charge accrue to the colony, thereby. And that Capt. William Potter and Mr. John Wickes, son of Robert, both of Warwick ; and Mr. Anthony Holden, of East Greenwich, be, and they are hereby, appointed directors of the said lottery. Whereas, a proclamation was issued by His Honor the Deputy Governor, promising a reward of £100, lawful money, to any person or persons who should apprehend Daniel Will- son, a criminal, under sentence of death, who broke out of the jail, in Providence ; in pursuance of which, he was taken up by eighteen persons ; of whom, four belonged to this colony, and the other fourteen, to the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, whose names are as follows, to wit : George Bruce, Otis Whip ple, George Whipple, Jonathan Whipple, Philip Amadown, Levy Willard, William Drown, Andrew Peters, Calvin Smith, Increase Thayer, David Daniels, Jr., Ichabod Hayward, Ar- 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 257 temas White and Jacob Aldrich, who have applied for then- part of the said reward ; — It is therefore voted and resolved, that one-eighteenth part of the said reward be paid to each of the above named persons, out cf the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that the members of the lower House, before the next session, lay before their constituents the vote of this Assembly, at a former session, and the pro ceedings ofthe lower House, at the present session, respecting the granting a sum of money to our suffering, poor brethren in the town of Boston. That they collect the sentiments of their constituents, re specting the subject matter thereof, and obtain instructions for the members, who may be elected for the next session ; and their approbation, if it may be, of a grant to be made, out of the general treasury, of a sum of money for that purpose. And also, for the recommending a general subscription, throughout the colony, to give an opportunity for a further ex ertion of the generous and benevolent mind. God save the King. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Providence, on the last Wednesday in October, 1774. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that Joseph Nightingale, John Matthewson, James Angell, Henry Marchant and James Mitchel Varnum, Esqs., be, and they are hereby, appointed a a committee, to take into consideration the several petitions presented to this Assembly, for establishing an independent company in the town of Newport ; an independent company in the towns of East Greenwich, Warwick and Coventry ; and vol. vn. 33 258 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. a grenadier company in the town of Providence ; and that they make report to this Assembly, as soon as conveniently may be. It is voted and resolved, that a tax be assessed upon the in habitants of this colony, of £4,000, lawful money, to be paid into the general treasury by next May ; that £2,000, thereof, be appropriated to the discharging the lawful money notes given for sinking the old tenor debts of this colony ; and that the remainder be lodged in the general treasury, to defray the incidental charges of government. Whereas, Messrs. Joseph Nash and Christopher Whipple, owners of the sloop Two Pollies, and her cargo, in behalf of themselves, and the insurers on said sloop and cargo, preferred a memorial and petition unto this Assembly, setting forth that at Providence, in this colony, on or fbout the 1st day of Oc tober, A. D. 1773, they shipped on board the said sloop (Ephraim Carpenter being master), a cargo of goods for the River Mississippi, with intent to dispose of the same to the settlers on that river. That they, the said Joseph Nash and Christopher Whipple, sailed from Rhode Island, in the sloop Hope, in November fol lowing, for the said river, where they safely arrived in Decem ber, and found the said sloop Two Pollies. That about two leagues below the town of New Orleans, they left the said sloop Hope, and went on board the sloop Two Pollies, and took with them, from the said sloop Hope, goods to a very considerable amount, with intent to proceed up the river, in order to dispose ofthe same. That while the said sloop Two Pollies was lying at anchor, about two miles above the town of New Orleans, early on Sun day morning, being the 20th day of February, A.D. 1774,thesaid sloop Two Pollies was boarded by a party of Spanish soldiers, with their swords drawn, and bayonets fixed ; who, declaring they had orders from the Spanish governor, took possession of the said sloop, by force, and carried her to the said town of New Orleans ; where, as soon as she arrived, they stripped off her rigging and sails, opened her cabin door, and went imme- 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 259 diately to unlading her cargo ; part of which, was carried into the King's store, and part was stolen and carried off by the soldiers. That on the evening of the same day, the said Joseph Nash (who was on board the said sloop, when she was so taken), with the said Ephraim Carpenter, and Benjamin Pitcher, the mate of the said sloop, were sent to prison, where they re mained a considerable time. That upon application made by the said Joseph Nash, to the governor and judge, setting forth the most flagrant and open breach of the treaty of Paris, committed in taking the said sloop and cargo (of which, the governor and his auditor, were convinced), every thing was ordered to be restored to the said Joseph Nash. And that, although, by virtue of the said decree, they re ceived $3,535, yet they are still great sufferers, to the amount of upwards of $5,500 ; as will appear by a copy of an account annexed to a remonstrance made to the said governor of New Orleans, after the said decree ; wherein they represented, that, injustice, every thing ought to be restored, with damages, and prayed that the same might be done ; with which request, the said governor refused to comply. And thereupon, the said Joseph Nash and Christopher Whip ple, prayed this Assembly, to take the premises into consideration, and in order that they may receive that satisfaction which the justice of their cause requires, represent their case to the Earl of Dartmouth, and request him to lay the same before His Majesty, that their injuries may be redressed by the court of Spain ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that Nicholas Tillinghast, John Fos ter,. Paul Tew and Benoni Pearce, Esqs., be, and they, or the major part of them, are hereby, appointed a committee to take the said memorial and petition into consideration ; and that they make report to this Assembly of the damages the said Jo seph Nash and Christopher Whipple shall appear to have sus tained, by means of the premises, as soon as may be. 260 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. An Act establishing an independent company, in tho county of Newport, by the name of the Newport Light Infantry. An Act establishing a company, in the town of Providence, to be called, and known by the name of the Providence Grena dier Company. An Act establishing an independent company, by the name of the Kentish Guards. An Act establishing an independent company, by the name of the Pawtuxet Rangers. Whereas, Benoni Pearce, John Foster, Nicholas Tillinghast and Paul Tew, Esqs., presented unto this Assembly, the fol lowing report, to wit : Report of the Committee appointed by the General Assembly, relative to the seizure of the sloop Two Pollies, by the Span iards, on the Mississippi River. We, whose names are hereto subscribed, being a committee, appointed by the Honorable the General Assembly of the colony of Rhode Island, to take into con sideration the memorial and petition of Joseph Nash and Christopher Whipple, and to make report of the damages they have sustained by reason of the seizure of the sloop Two Pollies, and her cargo, by the Spanish governor of New Orleans, in the River Mississippi, having duly inspected and considered the several papers and evi dences, authenticated at said New Orleans, containing the proceedings relative to said seizure, do report : That, by the seventh article of the treaty of Paris, subsisting between His Britan nic Majesty, and His Most Christian Majesty, " The navigation of the River Mis sissippi shall be equally free, as well to the subjects of Great Britain, as to those of France, in its whole breadth and length, from its source to the sea ; and expressly, that part which is between the said island of New Orleans, and the right bank of that river, as well as the passage both in and out of its mouth. It is further stipulated, that the vessels belonging to the subjects of either nation shall not be stopped, visited, or subjected to the payment of any duty, whatsoever." That the subjects of His Most Cathohc Majesty, at said New Orleans, hold and enjoy their right to trade and commerce, in and by the said river, subject to the limits and regulations of said treaty. 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 261 That it appears to us, that the said seizure is a flagrant breach of said treaty ; and appears to have been so considered by the said governor of New Orleans, in and by his decree, acquitting the said Joseph Nash, his said sloop and cargo, and ordering every thing that had been seized, to be restored to him. It further appears to us, that the said decree hath not been duly complied with- That although, by virtue of said decree, the said Joseph Nash had $3,535, restored to him ; yet, by the account of the said Joseph, exhibited before the said governor of New Orleans, and duly sworn to, and authenticated before the governor of Pen sacola, that the said Joseph and Christopher have sustained damage, by means of the said seizure, to the amount of $5,591, over and above what they had restored to them. All which, is humbly submitted, by — BENONI PEARCE, NICHOLAS TILLINGHAST, JOHN FOSTER, PAUL TEW. And the said report being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, accepted ; and that His Honor the Governor, be, and he is hereby, requested to transmit a statement of the said affair to His Majesty's secretary of state, for the American department, at the expense of the memorialists. An Act for dividing the regiment in the county of Providence, into three distinct regiments, each regiment to be a bat talion ; and for forming the whole into one brigade. An Act establishing an independent company, by the name of The Company of Light Infantry, of the town of Glocester. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor, be, and he is hereby, requested to call the General Assembly to gether, as soon as he shall think proper, within one week after the arrival of the delegates of this colony, from the general congress. God save the King. 262 RECORDS OF TnE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. Proceedings cf the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Providence, on the first Monday in December, 1774. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. An Act establishing a military company, by the name of the Scituate Hunters. It is voted and resolved, that Col. James Angell, Col. Jo seph Nightingale, Col. John Matthewson, Major Daniel Hitch cock and Mr. Nathaniel Greene, Jr., be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee to revise the militia laws of this colony ; and that they make report to this Assembly, at the present session, as soon as may be. It is voted and resolved, that all the cannon now at Fort George (excepting two eighteen-pounders and one six- pounder), and all the powder, shot and stores, thereto be longing (excepting so much powder and ball as are sufficient for the cannon to be left at said fort), be immediately removed to the town of Providence ; that Col. Joseph Nightingale, be, and he is hereby, appointed to see the same done. That the commanding officer of the said fort be, and he is hereby, ordered to deliver the same to the said Joseph Night^ ingale ; who is hereby directed to keep the cannon, ball, &c, in his possession, until further orders from this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that the copies of the letter from the Earl of Dartmouth, to this colony, and of the order therein enclosed, now lying before this Assembly, be immediately sent by the speaker of the lower House, to Thomas Cushing, Esq., the late speaker of the House of Representatives of the Prov- 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 263 ince of the Massachusetts Bay, to be communicated to the provincial congress, in that colony. An Act for establishing a military company, by the name of the Train of Artillery, in the county of Providence. Whereas, the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., and the Hon. Samuel Ward, Esq., delegates for this colony, in the conti nental congress, held at Philadelphia, in the province of Penn sylvania, the 5th day of September, 1774, this day made report of the proceedings and resolutions of said continental congress,* consisting of the bill of rights, list of grievances, occasional resolves, the association, an address to the people of Great Britain, a memorial to the inhabitants of the British American colonies, an address to the Canadians, &c. ; all which, being read, and maturely considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, accepted and approved. It is further voted and resolved, that the thanks of this As sembly be, and they are hereby, given to the said delegates of this colony, in particular, and to the members of the said con tinental congress, in general, for the wise, spirited and faithful discharge of the important trust reposed in them. And it is further voted and resolved, that it be, and hereby is, recommended to tho several towns in this colony, to choose committees, agreeably to the eleventh article of the said asso ciation, for the purposes therein expressed. And it is further voted and resolved, that the secretary be, and he is hereby, directed to send printed copies of the said bill of rights, list of grievances, the association, addresses and memorial ; and also of this vote, to each member of both houses of this Assembly, and to all such other officers, within this colony, as the schedules are by law transmitted to. Whereas, Nathaniel Stoddard, of Little Compton, in the * The report of the proceedings of the continental congress, apj fimong the public ar chives of the State, in the secretary's office. 264 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. county of Newport, trader, preferred a petition, and repre sented unto this Assembly, that in the fall of the year 1773, he laid out every shilling he was worth, in fitting out one- third part of the sloop Sally, on a whaling voyage ; that the said sloop, meeting with success, had got on board one hundred and twenty barrels of oil, by the latter end of January following ; and that the said sloop being obliged, in a gale of wind, to come to an anchor under Hispaniola, was seized by a French frigate, carried into Port-au-Prince, and there, with her whole oargo, condemned as a lawful prize ; by which misfortune, he hath totally lost upwards of $1,000, being the whole what he was worth, and had scraped together, by unwearied diligence and industry, and that he is thereby deprived of the means of putting himself into any business, to support a wife and seven children. And thereupon, prayed this Assembly to grant him a lottery, for raising the sum of $600, to help him forward in business again ; and that the same be under the direction of Messrs. Nathaniel Searle, Jr., Benjamin Richmond, John Wood and Walter Wilbur ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the said petition be, and the same is hereby, granted, under the usual conditions and restrictions ; provided, that no charge accrue to the colony, thereby. An Act establishing a military company, by the name of the Providence Fusiliers. It is voted and resolved, that the captain of the company, called The Train of Artillery, for the county of Providence, be, and he is hereby, empowered and directed, to purchase at the expense, and for the use of the colony, four brass cannon, four- pounders, with carriages, implements and utensils, necessary for exercising them ; and that they be lent to the said com pany, to improve them in the exercise of cannon, until further orders from this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 265 Esq., and the Hon. Samuel Ward, Esq., be, and they aro hereby, chosen and appointed delegates, to represent this colo ny at the continental congress, to be holden at Philadelphia, on the 10th day of May, 1775. It is voted and resolved, that Henry Marchant, Esq., Mr. Joseph Brown and William Ellery, Esq., be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee to draw up instructions to be given to the delegates, appointed to represent this colony in general congress ; and lay the same before this Assembly. Whereas, the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., one ofthe dele gates of this colony in the continental congress, on the 5th day of September last, exhibited unto this Assembly, an account, by him charged against the colony, for his expenses on his journey to Philadelphia, during his residence there, and on his return home, &c, amounting to £61 lid., lawful money. And also prayed an allowance for eighty-one days spent in the said service, with a servant, two horses, and a carriage ; and the premises being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the said account be allowed ; that £72 18s., lawful money, be also allowed, for his above- mentioned service, and for his servant, horses and carriage ; and that £133 18s. lid., lawful money, being the amount of the said two sums, be paid the said Stephen Hopkins, out of the general treasury ; deducting therefrom £60, lawful money, already received by him, as one of the delegates from this colo ny, out of the general treasury. Whereas, the Hon. Samuel Ward, Esq., one ofthe delegates from this colony, in the continental congress, held at Philadel phia, on the 5th day of September last, exhibited unto this As sembly an account, by him charged against the colony, for his expenses on his journey to Philadelphia, during his residence there, and on his return home, &c, amounting to £49 13s. Id., lawful money. And also prayed an allowance fer seventy-two days, by him spent in the said service, with a servant and two horses ; and the premises being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the said account be allowed ; vol. vii. 34 266 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1774. that ££64 16s. lawful money, be also allowed for his above- mentioned service, and for his servant and horses ; and that £114 9s. Id., lawful money, being the amount ofthe said two sums, be paid the said Samuel Ward, out of the general trea sury ; deducting therefrom, £60, lawful money, already re ceived by him, as one of the delegates from this colony, out of the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. John Read, Mr. John Jenckes and Simeon Potter, Esq., be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to purchase as soon as may be, at the expense and for the use of the colony, three hundred half- barrels of pistol powder, each to contain fifty weight ; three tons of lead and forty thousand flints, to be deposited in such place or places as the Hon. Darius Sessions, Esq., Deputy Governor of this colony, shall direct, and to be delivered to the several colonels of the militia, and the colonels of the inde pendent companies in this colony ; so that each soldier, equipped with arms, according to law, may be supplied with such quantities thereof, as by law is directed ; he or they pay ing for the same, at the prime cost given by the colony ; that the remainder thereof, be distributed as occasion may require. That the said Darius Sessions be appointed, and he is here by, authorized and empowered, to have the care of the said magazine ; and to deliver the powder, lead and flints, as here in directed, he taking receipts for what may be delivered out. And that the said committee be, and they are hereby, em powered to draw on the general treasury, for such sums of money, as may be necessary for the purpose, aforesaid. And in case of a deficiency in the general treasury, the gen eral treasurer is hereby directed and empowered to hire a suffi cient sum of money for said purpose, and to give his note or notes therefor, with interest, in behalf of the colony. And it is further voted and resolved, that there be no firing of cannon upon any public occasion, or of small arms ; espe cially by the militia, or incorporated companies, on days of ex ercising, excepting only for perfecting themselves as marks men, under the immediate direction of the commanding officer 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 267 for the day ; and that it be, and hereby is, recommended to all the inhabitants of this colony, that they expend no gun powder for mere sport and diversion, or in pursuit of game. Whereas, the American Continental Congress, held in the city of Philadelphia, on the 5th day of September last, recom mended to the several colonies to choose deputies, as soon as possible, to attend a general congress, to be holden on the 10th day of May next, in the said city of Philadelphia, unless the redress of American grievances be obtained before that time ; and whereas, this Assembly, having the greatest regard to the recommendation aforesaid, and being determined to co-operate with the other colonies in every proper measure for obtaining a redress of the grievances, and establishing the rights and liberties of all the colonies, upon an equitable and permanent foundation, have unanimously chosen and appointed the Hon. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., and the Hon. Samuel Ward, Esqs., delegates to represent this colony. It is therefore unanimously voted and resolved, 1st. That the said Stephen Hopkins and Samuel Ward, Esqs., be. and they are hereby, fully authorized and empowered to represent this colony in a general congress of delegates, or representa tives, ofthe several colonies, to be holden at the time and place above mentioned ; or at such other time and place as shall be agreed upon by the major part of the committees from the several colonies. 2d. That they be, and hereby are, fully authorized and empowered to consult and advise with the representatives of the other colonies, and in conjunction with them, or the major part of them, to enter into, and adopt, in behalf of this colony, all reasonable, lawful, and proper measures for the support, de fence, protection and security of the rights, liberties and privi leges, both civil and religious, of all the said colonies, or any of them. 3d. That they be, and hereby are, authorized and empow ered to adjourn, from time to time, and at any time, within the space of one year, to be computed from the said 10th day of May next, and at any place which they shall think proper. 268 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. 4th. That they be, and hereby are, directed to endeavor to procure a regular annual convention cf delegates, or represen tatives, from all the colonies, to be holden at such time and place, as shall be by the delegates agreed upon, for the pro motion and establishment of the peace, welfare and security of the said colonies. It is voted and resolved, that the fire-arms in Newport, be longing to the colony, be distributed among the several coun ties which have not yet received their share of the same, in proportion to the rate paid by each county. That they be delivered to the colonel of the regiment of each respecti/e county, he giving his receipt therefor ; who is hereby directed to deliver to each town in the county, its pro portion of the same, taking security of each town therefor. That the stud guns, before they are delivered to the several colonels, be branded with the colony arms, upon the breech. That Mr. Thomas Freebody be, and he is hereby, appointed to deliver the said arms to the several colonels. And that all expenses which have arisen, or may arise, in consequence of their being removed from Newport, be paid by their respective towns. And whereas, the county of Providence hath already received its part of the said fire-arms, — It is voted and resolved, that each town in the said county shall receive its proportion of the said fiie-arms, in manner as above mentioned ; each town paying its proportion of the charge which hath accrued by cleaning them. An Act incorporating a military company, by the name of the North Providence Rangers. It is voted and resolved, that William Greene, Esq. and Mr. Nathaniel Greene, Jr., be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to inquire into the circumstances ofthe affair which caused the Cadet Company, and the company of Light In- 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 269 fantry, to march from Providence to the town of East Green wich, and into the charges which arose thereon ; and that they make report to this Assembly, at the next session. An Act for appointing a major general of the forces of this colony, annually. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority aforesaid it is enacted, that a major general of the colony's forces be annually appointed, by the Governor and Company, and be commissioned accordingly. It is voted and resolved, that Simeon Potter, Esq., be, and he is hereby, appointed major general of the colony's forces. An Act in addition to, and amendment of, an act, entitled " An act regulating the militia of this colony." Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that for the future, each en listed soldier, who shall not be provided with a sufficient gun, or fuzee, as directed in the said act, shall be fined two shil lings, lawful money, for each deficiency ; and also, that every soldier be provided with a good bayonet fixed on his gun, upon the penalty of four pence, lawful money, for each default. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the captain, or, in his absence, the next superior officer of each respective company, shall warn and call together the company under his command, one day in every month, and exercise the same in martial discipline, aacording to the mode establised by His present Majesty, in the year 1764. That the first warning be by warrant under the hand and seal of such officer, issued within ten days before such training or exercising ; and that all succeeding warnings be given verbally by the commanding officer for the day, at the head of the com pany, while under arms. Provided, nevertheless, that in the towns of Providence and Bristol, the captain, or other commanding officer, may warn 270 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. their companies by beat of drum, as in the said act is permitted in the town of Newport. An! be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that within ten days after each penalty shall be incurred, the cap tain, or other superior officer, shall issue his warrant therefor, returnable to himself, within twenty days ; and that twelve- and-an-half per cent, only, be allowed for collecting such fines. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the fines of all those who, being exempted from appearing on the days of training, are notwithstanding, obliged to be pro vided with arms and other accoutrements, shall be the same for every deficiency, as the fines of the enlisted soldiers ; and that the examination and survey, appointed by the said act, shall be made by the sergeants of the company in whose district they live, by warrant from the captain, od the first Monday in February, and on the last Monday in April. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no town officer shall be exempted from doing military duty, as an enlisted soldier, excepting the members of the town council, the town treasurer, the town clerk and the town sergeant. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that there be a general muster and review of each regiment or bat- tallion, twice in every year, to wit : on the first Monday in April, and on the first Monday in October ; and that there be a general muster and review of brigade, once in two years. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the captain general, lieutenant general and major general, or any two of them, be, and they are hereby, fully authorized and empowered to direct and order when, and in what manner, the forces within this colony shall march to the assistance of any of our sister colonies, when invaded or attacked ; and also in what manner the said forces shall be provided and supplied ; and also to direct and make use of the cannon belonging to the colony, either in or out of the colony, as they may deem expedient. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 271 the said forces, whenever they shall be called out of the colony, shall be under the immediate command and direction of the major general. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the secretary forthwith cause this act to be published in the Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette. Whereas, Mr. Jeremiah Hopkins, of Coventry, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that he suffi ciently understands the business of a gunsmith, so as to make guns, or small arms, with advantage to himself, and to others, by whom guns are much wanted at this time, when they can not be imported from Great Britain ; but that he is unable to furnish himself with such works, tools and instruments, as are necessary for carrying on the said business. And thereupon, the said Jeremiah Hopkins prayed this As sembly to grant him the benefit of a lottery, for raising the sum of $200, to be appropriated and applied towards procuring said works, tools and instruments, and for no other purpose ; and to appoint Christopher Lippitt, of Cranston ; Jeremiah Olney and George Dorrance, Jr., of Scituate ; and John Stewart, of Yoluntown, managers and directors of said lottery ; on con sideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the said petition be, and the same hereby is, granted, under the usual conditions and restric tions ; provided that no charge accrue to the colony, thereby. God save the King. Public Acts passed during the year 1774. [The following laws will be found at length in the printed " Schedules," or acts and resolves ofthe General Assembly, for the year 1774.] An Act incorporating certain persons by the name ofthe Charitable Baptist Society, in the town of Providence. (May.) An Act to naturalize Augustus Newman, a native of Saxony. (Ma) .) An Act incorporating the First Congregational Church, in Newport. (June.) An Act to amend the charter of the Artillery Company, in Providence. (June.) 272 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. An Act explanatory of an act granting reviews of real and personal actions. (June.) An Act incorporating the Congregational Church, in East Greenwich. (August.) An Act to amend '' An act for the maintenance and support of insolvent debtors.'' (October.) An Act assessing a rate or tax of £4,000. (October.) DOCUMENTS RELATIVE TO THE ACTION OF RHODE ISLAND, FOR RESISTING THE ACT OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT, IM POSING A DUTY ON TEA; AND FOR OTHERWISE RAISING A REVENUE IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES. Proceedings of the People of Providence, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting of the town of Providence, especially called and held at the court house, the 19th day of January, A. D. 17 74. Jabez Bowen, Esq., moderator. Inasmuch as the British Parliament have undertaken to raise a revenue in the American colonies, by a duty upon tea : we, the freemen of the town of Providence, legallv assembled in meeting, cannot be silent on so interesting and alarming an occa sion. Should we, in this ease, omit to assert and express the firmest resolutions to vindicate our rights, it might be construed as a cession of them into the hands of those who have wantonly invaded them in this instance. We do, therefore, in justice to ourselves, our posterity, and the sister colonies, openly and publicly make the following declarations ; hoping that by a vigorous ex ertion, in conformity thereto, we may in some measure contribute towards escaping the dreadful train of evils whicb must be the consequence of a tame submission to any invasions of American freedom. We lament any seeming acquiesence which hath at any time heretofore been made in these colonies, under parliamentary usurpations of our liberties ; but as any such tacit concessions were made through fear, inattention, or without a due consid eration of our rights, we strongly protest against any precedent being made thereby, to our disadvantage. AVhen we consider that many of. our ancestors removed from Britain, and planted themselves here ; that the religion, language and customs of the two countries are mostly similar, and that there hath been a long intercourse of trade and commerce between them, we are willing, and even desirous, of a continuance of connexion be tween the colonies and Britain, if it may be had on terms in any measure equal. Upon full consideration of the matter, upon which we have met, we do resolve, — I. That the disposal of their own property is the inherent right of freemen ; that 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 273 there can be no property in that, which another can, of right, take from us without our consent ; that the claim of Parliament to tax America, is, in other words, a claim of right to levy contributions on us, at-pleasure. H. That the duty imposed by Parliament upon tea, landed in America, is a tax on the Americans, or levying contributions on them, without their consent. III. That the express purpose for which the tax is levied on the Americans! namely, for the support of government, administration of justice, and defence of His Majesty's dominions, in America, has a direct tendency to render Assemblies useless, and to introduce arbitrary government and slavery. IV. That a virtuous and steady opposition to this ministerial plan of governing America, is absolutely necessary, to preserve even the shadow of liberty ; and is a ¦duty which every freeman in America owes to his country, to himself, and to his posterity. V. That the resolution lately entered into by the East India Company, to send out their tea to America, subject to the payment of duties on its being landed here, is an open attempt to enforce this ministerial plan, and a violent attack upon the liberties of America. VI. That it is the duty of every American to oppose this attempt. VII. That whoever shall, directly or indirectly, countenance this attempt, or in any wise aid or abet in unloading, receiving, or vending the tea sent, or to be sent out by the East India Company, while it remains subject to the payment of a duty here, is an enemy to his country. VIII. That no tea belonging to the East India Company, or any other persons> subject to a duty, or dutied tea, shall be unladed here, or brought to land. IX. That this town will co-operate with the other towns in this colony, and with all the other colonies, in a resolute stand, as well against every other unconstitutional measure, calculated to enslave America, as the tea act in particular. X. That Samuel Nightingale, Esq., Jabez Bowen, Esq. ; and Messrs. John Brown, John Updike, John Jenckes, John Matthewson and Daniel Cahoon, or the major part of them, be a committee, to correspond with the towns in this, and the neighboring governments, on all such matters as shall be thought to affect the liber ties of America. Voted, that this town highly approve of the proceedings of their brethren of Boston, Philadelphia and New York, in their spirited and resolute opposition made to the introduction of tea, while subject to a duty laid by Parliament ; and that our thanks be given them for the same. Voted, that the committee wait on all the importers of English goods, in this town, sand inform them of the resolutions which the town have entered into, respecting tea, while subject to a duty ; and if any of them have ordered any tea to come next pring, that they be desired to send counter orders immediately. Voted, that the foregoing proceedings be pubhshed in the next Providence Gazette. JAMES ANGELL, Town Clerk. Immediately after this meeting was dissolved, the gentlemen of the committee ap^ plied themselves to the discharge of their important trust, by waiting on the several importers, and had the satisfaction to find that only one chest of tea had been or dered for this town, next spring ; which was countermanded previous to the meeting- vol. vn. 35 274 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. We are authorized to assure the public, from the best authority, that there have been but nine chests of tea imported into this town (on which the SU. duty has been paid), since the memorable non-inlportation agreement Proceedings of the People of Newport, in Town Meeting. At a very full town meeting, held at Newport, on the 12th January, 1774, mea sures were adopted, in substance, similar with the foregoing. The gentlemen of the committee for that town are, Col. Joseph Wanton, Jt,, Henry Ward, John Mawdriey, John Collins and Wilham EUery, Esqs. Proceedings cf the People of Bristol, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting, held at Bristol, in the colony of Rhode Island, by adjouth- ment, February 28, 1774. Col. Simeon Potter, moderator. The committee chosen by the town, to consider and report what measures may be thought proper for the town to take, relative to the attempts of the administration to deprive us of our invaluable rights and liberties ; especially, in permitting the East India Company to import tea in America, subject to a duty, reported the following resolves which were voted to be the genuine sentiments of the town : Resolved, 1. That our ancestors were neither felons, nor out-laws ; but theif emi land ; because those were only acts of grace ; whereas, the charter of New England, was a contract between the King and the first patentees. 4. That our privileges have been invaded, and several attempts made to deprive us of them ; especially by a late act of Parhament, empowering the East India Company to import tea, subject to a duty, &c. It is therefore resolved, that whoever is either aiding or assisting in landing, un loading, vending or purchasing any of the said tea, or any other dutied tea, shall ba deemed an enemy to his country. 5. Considering the vast addition of territory, wealth and power, that the planta tions in North America are to the crown of Great Britain ; that it was obtained by our ancestors, without any expense to the crown, with the toil of their hves, and ex pense of their blood and treasure ; considering also, oor own exertions for the crown, in the late wars ; especially, in the reduction of Louisbourg, m the year 1 749, •which purchased a peace for the whole nation, then involved in a calamitous war j 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 275 we say, considering these things, to invade our privileges, is the most cruel ingrati tude. For although the charges of that expedition have been in part reimbursed by the crown ; yet, what restitution has been, or can be made, for the flower of the land, who were slain in battle ? and the charges consequent thereon, have been, and still are, a burthen to this town ; as there are several widows of those who were either slain in battle, or died in the service of their King and country, who have, and still are, supported by the town. G. That to invade our privileges, is as impolitic as it is cruel, as several millions of good subjects are thereby disaffected, and may in time be provoked to renounce their allegiance, and assert an independency. 7. That which makes our grievances intolerant, is, that so many unnecessary of ficers are supported by the earnings of honest industry, in a life of dissipation and ease ; who, by being properly employed, might be useful members of society. 8. Instead of exploring another asylum, with the blood of our ancestors oosing from our veins, we are determined to join our brethren on the continent, in all lawful measures, to defend our rights and privileges in this good land, which our fathers have transmitted to us, their posterity, as a token of their dearest affection. 9. That, whilst we assert our own freedom, we would by no means deprive others of theirs ; and that a difference in sentiment, under the influence of reason and virtue, ought by no means to produce an alienation of affection, or interrupt a friendly intercourse, or mutual exchange of good offices. 10. Some may apprehend there is danger from another quarter, generally un foreseen and unsuspected ; that, that anarchy and confusion, which may prevail, will as naturally establish tyranny and arbitrary power, as one extreme leads to an other ; many, on the side of liberty, when they see it degenerating into anarchy, fear ing their persons are not safe, nor their property secure, will be likely to verge to the other extreme ; of which, those that envy us our happiness and prosperity, will avail themselves, to carry their designs into execution ; our determinations, therefore, are as firm for the support of government, agreeably to our excellent constitution, as for the defence of our own rights and privileges. 11. That, as we have hitherto approved ourselves loyal subjects to our gracious sovereign, George the Third, so we take this opportunity to express our allegiance, and entire confidence in the rectitude of his intentions ; being persuaded, if the wicked were taken from before the throne, an happy era would commence ; that our petitions would be heard, and our complfiints eased ; that the wisdom, justice and clemency of the administration, would conciliate the affections of the colonies ; which under the smiles and protection of the parent state, by increasing in wealth and power, would be a further addition to the strength and glory of Great Britain. Voted, that the thanks oft his meeting be given to the towns of Boston and New port, and the other patriotic towns on the continent, for their virtuous and spirited opposition to the measures of the administration, and their noble exertions in de fence and support of our invaluable right* and privileges. By order of the committee— JOSEPH RUSSELL, Town Clerk, 276 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. Proceedings of the People of Richmond, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting, especially called and held at Richmond, in Kings county, and colony of Rhode Island, at the house of George Webb, Esq., the 28th of February 1774. Major Richard Bailey chosen moderator for said meeting. This town, taking into their most serious consideration, an act passed in the Par hament of Great Britain, for levying duties upon tea, sent by the East India Com pany, to North America, to be paid in America, — Do resolve, 1. That the first adventurers, settlers of His Majesty's dominions, in British America, brought with them, and transmitted to their posterity, and all other His Majesty's subjects since inhabiting in His Majesty's said dominions, all the privi leges and immunities that have at any time been enjoyed and possessed by the peo ple of Great Britain. 2. That by the charter granted to this colony, it is declared that the inhabitants thereof, are entitled to all the privileges and immunities of natural born subjects, to all intents and purposes, as if they had been born within the realm of England ; and are, by the said charter, entirely exempted from all " services, duties, fines, forfeit ures, claims and demands, whatever ; except a fifth part of all the ore of gold and silver, found at all times in the colony ;" which is reserved in lieu of those duties. S. That the act of Parliament, allowing the East India Company to export tea into America, subject to a duty, payable here ; and the actual sending tea into the colonies, by the Company, is an attempt to enforce the revenue acts, and is un doubtedly designed to make a precedent for establishing taxes in America, in order that a general tax upon all the necessaries of life, and lands, may take place. 4. That the act of Parliament, levying duties or taxes in America, is a violation of the liberties and privileges of America ; and hath a tendency to. render the Gen eral Assemblies useless. 5. That the General Assembly of this colony hath the sole exclusive right of levying taxes upon the inhabitants thereof; and that every attempt to vest that power in any other person or persons, whomsoever, is unconstitutional, and hath a manifest tendency to destroy the liberties of the colony. 6. That it is the duty of every American, by all due and legal means, to op pose every attempt which is made, to destroy the hberties and privileges of America - and particularly, the importation of tea, subject to a duty, to be paid here. 7. That the inhabitants of this town, ever have been, and still are, ready on any occasion, whatever, to demonstrate their love and loyalty to His Majesty and our mother country ; and it is with the greatest regret that we look back upon the un happy measures that have been adopted by the Parliament and ministry. 8. And we are still ready, when called upon in a constitutional way, to grant such aids and assistance to the crown, as the necessity of the case may require, and our abilities admit ; and are ready to sacrifice our lives and fortunes for the honor and dignity of His Majesty, and the parent state, with a firm attachment to our natural and free-born rights and privileges, which are dearer to us, than our lives ; and are a blessing, under God, that we will not give up to any power on earth ; and this town will join with, and to the utmost of our power, support our sister colonies, jn all legal measures for the preservation of the rights and privileges of North America. 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 277 Voted, that Edward Perry, Esq., Major Richard Bailey and Mr. Darid Nichols, Jr., be a committee of correspondence, to correspond with the other committees, ap pointed in this colony. THOMAS LILLIBRIDGE, Town Clerk. Proceedings of the People of New Shoreham, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting held at New Shoreham, March 2, 1774. John Sands Esq., moderator. Whereas, there has been sent to this town, a copy of the resolves entered into by the town of Newport, and a request to lay the same before this town, with a design that said town would unite with the other towns in this colony, in supporting their just rights and liberties. 1. Therefore, we, the inhabitants of this town, being legally convened in town meeting, do firmly resolve, as the opinion of said town, that the Americans have b, good right to be as free a people as any upon the earth ; and to enjoy at all times an uninterrupted possession of their rights and properties, 2. That the act ofthe British Parliament, claiming the right to make laws bind- ¦>ng upon the colonies, in all cases, whatsoever, is inconsistent with the natural, con stitutional and charter rights and privileges of the inhabitants of this colony. 3. That the express purpose for which the tax is levied on the Americans, namely, for the support of government, administration of justice and defence of His Majesty's dominions in America, has a direct tendency to render Assemblies useless, and to introduce arbitrary government and slavery. 4. That a tax on the inhabitants of America, without their consent, is a measure absolutely destructive of their freedom, tending to enslave and impoverish all who tamely submit to it. 5. That the act allowing the East India Company to export tea to America, subject to a duty payable here ; and the actual sending tea into the colonies, by said company, is an open attempt to enforce the ministerial plan, and a violent at- tack upon the liberties of America. 6. That it is the duty of every American to oppose this attempt. 7. That whosoever shall, directly, or indirectly, countenance this attempt, or in any wise aid or assist in running, receiving or unloading any such tea, or in piloting any vessel, having any such' tea on board, while it remains subject to the payment of a duty here, is an enemy to his country. 8. That we will heartily unite with our American brethren, in supporting the inhabitants of this continent, in all their just rights and privileges. 9. That Joshua Sands, Caleb Littlefield and John Sands, Esqs. ; and Messrs. Walter Rathbun and Edward Sands, Jr., or the major part of them, be appointed a committee for this town, to correspond with all other committees appointed by any town in this colony ; and said committee is requested to give the closest attention to every thing which concerns the liberties of America; and if any tea, subject to a duty here, should be landed in this town, the committee is directed and empowered to call a town meeting, forthwith, that such measures may be taken, as the public safety may require. 10. And we return our hearty thanks to the town of Newport, for their patriotic 278 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. resolutions, to maintain the liberties of their country ; and the prudent measures; they have taken to induce the other towns in this colony, to come into the same generous resolutions. WALTER RATHBUN, Town Clerk. Proceedings of the People of Cumberland, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting, held at Cumberland, in the county of Providence, specially called, and legally assembled, at the house of Captain John Fisk, innholder, March 18, 1774; Mr. Nathaniel Staples, chosen moderator. At a time when the enemies of America are continually misrepresenting us to the mother country, and incessantly laboring to extinguish in her the few remaining sparks of parental affection, it must afford sensible pleasure to all who wish for the preservation of our invaluable constitutional rights and liberties, to find such an union take place in America, as may enable us, by the blessing of God, to support ¦our just rights, liberties and privileges, wherewith God, nature, and Qur happy con stitution, have made us free. The town taking into consideration, certain intelligence, received from the com mittee of correspondence at Newport, the following resolves were passed nem. con. 1. That it is one ofthe natural rights of man, to dispose ofthe fruits of his honest industry himself. 2. That every British subject in special, in whatever part of the extensive British empire he is settled, has eminently, by our happy constitution, as well as by nature, the sole right to dispose of his own property, either by himself or repre sentative. 3. That some violent attacks have been made by the administration on the rights and privileges of British subjects, in the colonies ; that the retaining the duty on tea, for the express purpose of raising a revenue in America, and impowering the East India Company to send their tea here for sale, while subject to said duty, is a strik ing instance of their determination to persevere in their attacks, and thereby reduce us to the most abject state of wretchedness and slavery. 4. That whoever shall, directly or indirectly, countenance this attempt, or in any wise aid or abet in unloading, receiving or vending the tea sent, or to be sent out by the East India Company, while it remains subject to the payment of a duty here, shall be deemed by us inimical to the rights of his country, and as endeavoring to counteract the designs of those who are zealous for its true interests. 5. That we do, in this way, stand forth in the cause of liberty, in union with other towns, and do pay our tribute of thanks to the leading, spirited, pat riotic towns of Newport and Providence, and other towns adjacent, for the firm ness and intrepidity so conspicuous in them, by discovering to the world a true sense of the blessings which our constitution affords, and a noble resoluion to defend them. 6. That we are sorry for the unhappy disagreement between this and the mother country ; and earnestly wish to see harmony restored. 7. That John Dexter and Joseph Davis, Esqs. ; Messrs. Nathan Staples, Ezekiet Ballou and James Dexter, Esqs., or the major part of them, be a committee, to cor- 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 219 I'espond with the towns in this and the neighboring governments, in all kudafcfe measures for the preservation of the rights and liberties of America. Voted, that the foregoing proceedings be published in the Providence Gazette. Witness : JOHN DEXTER, Town Clerk. Proceedings of the People of Barring/on, in Town Meeting. At a meeting of the freemen of the town of Barrington, in the colony of Rhode Island, held the 21st day of March, 1774, by adjournment. James Brown, Esq., moderator. The inhabitants of this town being justly alarmed at the several acts of Parlia-' ment, made and passed for raising a revenue in America and more especially, the act empowering the East India Company to export their tea into America, subject to a duty, payable here, for the purpose of raising a revenue in America, with many1 other unconstitutional acts (which, having been duly considered by a number of our sister towns in this colony, we think it needless to enumerate), and being sensible of the dangerous situation of the colonies, occasioned by wicked and designing men, do Siter into the following resolves : 1. That the inhabitants of this town ever have been, and now are, loyal and dutiful subjects to the King of Great Britain. 2. That we highly approve of the resolutions of our sister colonies, and the noble stand they have made in defence of the liberties and privileges of the colonies. We likewise thank the worthy author of 1 he Rights of Colonies Examined, for his spirited performance, in support of the liberties of America. 3. That the act empowering the East India Company to export their tea to1 America, subject to a duty, payable here, is designed as a precedent for establishing taxes, duties and monopolies, in America, that our property may be taken from us at pleasure, and we be thereby reduced to a state of abject slavery. 4. That we will neither buy, sell, nor receive as a gift, any dutied tea, nor have any dealings with any person or persons that shall buy, sell, give, receive, or trade in said tea, directly or indirectly, knowing or suspecting it to be such ; but will consider all persons concerned in introducing dutied tea, into this town, or any town in America, as enemies to their country, and unworthy the society of freemen. 5. That it is the duty of every man in Ameriea to oppose, by all proper mea sures, to the utmost of his power and abilities, every attempt upon the liberties of his country ; especially, those mentioned in the foregoing resolves ; and to exert him self to the utmost of his power, in obtaining a redress of the grievances the colonies now groan under. We do, therefore, solemnly resolve, — 6. That we will heartily unite with the town of Newport, and the other towns irt this, and all the other sister colonies, and exert our whole force in support of the just rights and privileges of the American colonies. 7. That James Brown, Samuel Allen, Josiah Humphrey, Edward Bosworthy Nathaniel Martin, Moses Tyler and Thomas Allen, or a major part of them, be a committee, to correspond with all the other committees, appointed by any town in this ahd the neighboring governments ; and the committee is desired to give their attention to every thing that concerns the liberties of America ; and ff any of the obnoxious tea should be brought into this town, or any other attempt made on the 280 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. liberties of the inhabitants thereof, the committee is directed and empowered to call a town meeting, forthwith, that such measures may be taken as tbe public safety may require. 8. That we heartily unite in, and resolve, to support the foregoing resolves, with our lives and fortunes. Voted, that the above resolves be published in the Providence Gazette. A true copy. Witness: SOLOMON TOW'NSEND, JR., Town Clerk. Proceedings of the People of Providence, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting, held at Providence, on the 1 7th day of May, 1 7 74 ; called by warrant. Resolved, that this town will heartily join with the Province of tbe Massachusetts Bay, and the other colonies, in such measures as shall be generally agreed on by the colonies, for the protecting and securing their invaluable natural rights and privileges, and transmitting the same to the latest posterity. That the deputies of this town be requested to use their influence at the approach ing session of the General Assembly of this colony, for promoting a congress, as soon as may be, of the representatives of the General Assemblies of the several colo nies and provinces of North America, for establishing the firmest union ; and adopt ing such measures as to them shall appear the most effectual to answer that im portant purpose ; and to agree upon proper methods for executing the same. That the committee of correspondence of this town be desired to assure the town of Boston, that we consider ourselves greatly interested in the present alarming con duct of the British Parliament towards them ; and view the whole English Ameri can colonies equally concerned in the event ; and that we will, with the utmost firm ness, act accordingly, whenever any plan shall be agreed on. In the mean time, we are of opinion, that an universal stoppage of all trade with Great Britain, Ireland, Africa and the West Indies, until such time as the port of Boston shall be re instated in its former privileges, &c, will be the best expedient in the case ; and that a proper time should be generally agreed on for the same universally to take place. Whereas, Jacob Schoemaker, late of Providence, died intestate, and hath left six negroes, four of whom are infants ; and there being no heir to the said Jacob, in this town or colony, the said negroes have fallen to this town, by law, provided no heir should appear. Therefore — It is voted by this meeting, that it is unbecoming the character of freemen to enslave the said negroes ; and they do hereby give up all claim of right or property in them, the said negroes, or either of them ; and it is hereby recommended to the town council to take the said negroes under their protection, and to bind the small children to some proper masters and mistresses ; and in case they should not be per sonal estate of the said Jacob Schoemaker, sufficient to pay his just debts, it is fur ther recommended to said council, to bind out either or both of the adult negroes for that purpose. Whereas, the inhabitants of America are engaged in the preservation of their rights and liberties ; and as personal liberty is an essential part of the natural rights of mankind, the deputies of the town are directed to use their endeavors to obtain an act of the General Assembly, prohibiting the importation of negro slaves 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 281 into this colony ; and that all negroes born in the colony, should be free, after at taining to a certain age. Voted, that James Angell, Esq., be added to tbe committee of correspondence, of this town, and that he sign their letters as clerk. A true copy : JAMES ANGELL, Town Clerk. Proceedings of the People of Newport, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting, called, and held at Newport, in the colony of Rhode Island, the 20th day of May, 1774. Henry Wrard, Esq., moderator. Voted, that we have the deepest sense of the injuries done to the town of Boston, by the act of Parliament, lately passed, for putting an end to their trade, and de stroying the port ; and that we consider this attack upon them, as utterly subversive of American liberty ; for the same power may at pleasure destroy the trade, and shut up the ports of every colony in its turn ; so that there will be a total end of all property. Voted, that we will unite with the other colonies in all reasonable and proper measures to procure the establishment of the rights of the colonies, upon a just and permanent foundation ; and particularly, in case the other colonies shall, upon this alarming occasion, put a stop to their trade to Great Britain and the West Indies that we will heartily join with them in the measure. Voted, that the committee of correspondence, for this town, immediately transmit a copy of these resolutions to the committee of correspondence, for the town of Boston. Voted, that the committee of correspondence, of this town, immediately send a copy of the above resolutions to each town in this colony. WILLIAM CODDINGTON, Town Clerk. The above votes were passed in a very full meeting ; and it is with great pleasure we inform the public, that there never appeared a more universal spirit, firmness and determined resolution to stand by, and support our brethren of Boston, against the diabolical ministerial plan of slavery ; there being but one or two held up, against every thing bearing tbe least imaginable appearance of liberty. It is proposed that a number of gentlemen immediately form a company for car rying on the woolen manufacture in this colony, in the most extensive manner ; there being quite wool enough raised here, to clothe all the inhabitants. — Prov. Gazette. Proceedings of the People qf Providence, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting, held at Providence, Rhode Island, convened by warrant, on the 12th day of August, 1774. Benjamin Man, Esq., moderator. INSTRUCTIONS TO THE DEPUTIES OF THIS TOWN, IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Gentlemen : — The sufferings and distresses of the people of the town of Boston, occasioned by a relentless execution of that cruel edict for blocking up the port, vol. vii. 36 282 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. awakens our attention and excites our compassion. Their cause is our cause ; and unless aid and succor be afforded them, they may be discouraged into a hurtful sub mission, and ministerial vengeance may be next directed against this colony ; and in the end, alight upon all. You are therefore, requested to use your endeavors, at the next session of the General Assembly, to procure a grant to be made from this colony, of such sum of money as they may think fit, towards relieving and mitigating the difficulties and distresses which that town must experience from the operation of that most unright eous inhibition, the hostile manner of carrying the same into force, and a general arrest of their liberties. Permit us to observe, that in doing this, it will be evidenced, that as a community, we would do unto others as we would that they should do unto us, in a hke circum stance ; and that it will be a greater testimony of unanimity in the general concern ments of America, in this day of struggle and danger, than private contributions, and far more equal. JAMES ANGELL, Town Clerk. Proceedings of the People of Providence, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting, held at Providence, on the last Tuesday of August, 1774. The Honorable Darius Sessions, Esq., moderator. WTiereas, at the last session of the Assembly, an order was passed, that John Smith would r.ceive the quota of the arms belonging to the county of Providence, and dehver them to His Honor the Deputy Governor. Whereupon, it is by this meeting voted, that John Smith be appointed to procure the said small arms to be cleaned and made fit for use, and to procure proper chests for the same ; all of which expenses, to be paid by this town, after his accounts have passed the town audit. It is resolved by this meeting, that this town ought not to be made the asylum of any person or persons, of whatever town, place or city, within the British dominions, whose principles and practices being inimical to the liberties of our country and its happy constitution, have rendered, or shall render them obnoxious to the inhabit ants of such place or places from which they may emigrate ; and that all such ought to be discouraged by every prudent and legal measure. And the honorable town council are hereby requested to exert themselves for the removal and ejection of all such persons, so far as by law they may be warranted ; as they being admitted among us, may tend greatly to endanger the peace, order and tranquility of the town, as by recent instances have been manifested. Voted, that the above resolve be inserted in the Providence Gazette. A true copy : JAMES ANGELL, Town Clerk. Proceedings of the People of Providence, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting, held in Providence on the 31st day of August, 1774; called by a warrant. The Hon. Darius Sessions, chosen moderator. WTiereas, on the evening of the 30th of August instant, a number of persons im pudently and tumultuously assembled themselves together, in a manner that did 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 283 disturb the peace and order of the town ; and as such proceedings are of evil ex ample, and repugnant to the good and wholesome laws of this town and colony, which if executed, we deem sufficient to support the quiet and tranquility thereof; and such doings being ever derogatory to the honor of the town, and subversive of our rights and liberties to their very foundation, this town do protest against such proceedings ; and desire the civil magistrates, therein, to exert themselves to their utmost, to prevent and suppress all such unhappy disturbances in future ; in doing which, they may rely upon the aid and support of the freemen and well-disposed in habitants of this town, at all times. Voted, that this vote be pubhshed (together with the resolve of yesterday), in the next Providence Gazette. The meeting was then dissolved. JONA. ARNOLD, Deputy Clerk. Proceedings of ihe People of Scituate, in Town Meeting. At a meeting ofthe inhabitants ofthe town of Scituate, in the colony of Rhode Is land, legally warned and duly assembled, on Monday, the 26th day of September, 1774. Wilham West, Esq., moderator. Having taken into our consideration, the dark and gloomy clouds that seem to threaten a total destruction of the liberties of this, our native country, in general ; the distressing circumstances of the town of Boston, in particular ; their harbor blockaded ; the inhabitants cut off from all trade and commerce by sea, on which great numbers of them depended for a supply of bread ; principles adopted for the government of that once flourishing province, unconstitutional, oppressive and en forced by military power ; every artful means used to hasten its destruction ; char ters which we once doated on, which we considered as unalterable as the laws of the Medes and Persians, and gloried in as the bulwark of the constitution of these colo nies, now seem failing to protect the liberty ofthe subject, and altering at pleasure; taxes levying, revenues raising without our consent obtained, or even asked ; in short, slavery herself, protected and guarded by tyranny, advancing with hasty steps towards this land of freedom and liberty. With the attention which such a subject demands, and at the same time we hope with all that calmness and candor so horrid a scene will possibly admit of, we have thought proper to come to the following resolve, viz. : That we will choose a committee of correspondence, to meet the committees chosen in the neighboring towns, that they may consult and agree on some general plan, that may have a tendency, under the blessing of Heaven, to insure to us our inval uable rights and privileges; for which purpose, the following gentlemen were elected and chosen, viz. : Job Randall, Benjamin Slack, William West, Ezekiel Cornell, Esqs. ; Capt. Rufus Hopkins, Messrs. Peter Cooke and Stephen Sheldon, Jr. ; any four of whom, to represent this town in any meeting of corresspondence with the other committees, and to make a report of their proceedings to this town. Voted, that a committee be chosen, to collect donations for the relief of the poor of Boston, now suffering in the glorious cause of liberty ; and that Capt. Rufus Hop kins and Ezekiel Cornell, Esq., receive said donations of said committee, and trnsmit 284 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774, the value thereof, in fat sheep, to the selectmen of the town of Boston, for the use, aforesaid. Voted, that the foregoing proceedings be pubhshed in the Providence Gazette. A true copy : GIDEON HARRIS, Town Clerk. Proceedings of the People of Providence, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting, held at Providence, Rhode Island, on the 21st day of Novem, ber, 1774, A. M., called by warrant, to order a town tax, &c. Nicholas Brown Esq., moderator. Voted, that the committee of correspondence, for this town, be hereby empowered to receive ofthe town treasury the sum of £125, lawful money, and to transmit the 6ame to the committee in the town of Boston, for receiving donations for the dis tressed inhabitants of the town of Boston and Charlestown ; and the treasurer is hereby ordered to pay said sum out of the first money he shall receive of the tax now ordered. JAMES ANGELL, Town Clerk. Proceedings of the Committee of Correspondence of the Town of Providence. Providence, November 24, 1774. The committee of correspondence ofthe town of Providence, having met together this day, and taking under consideration an article in the association, made at the late American Continental Congress, relative to improving the breed of sheep, in creasing their number, killing them as sparingly as may be ; especially, those of the most profitable kind, and not exporting them to the West Indies, do earnestly en treat and exhort all persons within this town, to conform themselves exactly to this good and wise regulation ; as it will have a manifest tendency to bring about and secure that freedom and happiness which we so greatly contend for. We would observe, in particular, that those who shall so far act in opposition to the united sentiments of all America, collected in general congress, as to kill any lambs, or young sheep, without the most evident necessity, or export any sheep at all to the West Indies, ought to be discountenaced, as persons who counteract the gen eral welfare. Signed by order, and in behalf of the committee, JAMES ANGELL, Clerk. Providence {Rhode Island), Committee. Proceedings ofthe People of Providence, in Town Meeting. At a town meeting, held at Providence, Rhode Island, on the 17th day of Decem ber, A. D. 1774, by adjournment and warrant. Nicholas Brown, Esq., moderator. Voted, that the following persons, to wit : William Earle, Nicholas Cooke, Esq. Benjamin Man, Zephaniah Andrews, Arthur Fenner, Jr., Ambrose Pacre, Nicholas 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 285 Power, George Corlis, Paul Allen, David Lawrence, Joseph Russell, Job Sweeting Joseph Bucklin, Jonathan Arnold, Bernard Eddy, Aaron Mason, Joseph Brown and Nathaniel Wheaton, together with the present committee of correspondence of this town, be, and hereby are, appointed a committee of inspection, to see that the associa tion entered into by the general Continental Congress, be strictly adhered to, by all persons within this town, agreeably to the eleventh article of said association ; and that any seven of them make a quorum, who are to meet monthly, to wit : on the third Wednesday of every month, at the council chamber, at five of the clock, P. M. ; and that the town sergeant duly attend said committee ; and that all the proceed ings of said committee, be lodged on file at the town clerk's office. Proceedings of the People of Providence, in Town Meeting. Providence, December 24, 1774. At a town meeting, held here, on Saturday last, the following gentlemen were ap pointed a committee, to see that the association agreement, entered into at tbe late Continental Congress, be faithfully and inviolably adhered to, in this town, viz. . Wilham Earle, Nicholas Cooke, Benjamin Man, Zephaniah Andrews, Arthur Fen ner, Jr., Ambrose Page, Nicholas Power, George Corlis, Paul Allen, David Law rence, Joseph Russell, Job Sweeting, Joseph Bucklin, Jonathan Arnold, Bernard Eddy, Aaron Mason, Joseph Brown and Nathaniel Wheaton. The committee is to meet on the third Wednesday, of every month, at the council chamber. A committee was last week appointed at Newport, for the same purpose. Report of the Committee of Inspection, for the Town of Providence. At a meeting of the committee of inspection, for the town of Providence, ap pointed to observe the conduct of all persons, touching the association entered into by the American Continental Congress, held at Philadelphia, the 5th day of Sep tember, 1 7 74 : — We, the committee of inspection, for the town of Providence, with a view of pre venting as much as we can, any violation or departure from the agreement and as sociation of the Continental Congress, aforesaid, have agreed to represent to the in habitants of this town, in brief, such particulars contained in the said association, as will be incumbent on them all to observe. 1. That they do not import any goods from Great Britain or Ireland, or from any other place, any such goods as shall have been exported from Great Britain or Ireland ; nor any India tea from any part of the world ; nor any molasses, syrups paneles, coffee or pimento, from the British plantations, or from Dominica ; nor wines from Madeira, or the Western Islands ; nor foreign indigo. 2. That they do not import or purchase any slave imported since the 1st of De cember inst., and that they wholly discontinue the slave trade. 3. That they do not purchase or use any tea, imported on account of the East India Company, or any on which a duty has been paid ; and that, from and after the 1st day of March next, they do not purchase or use any East India tea' whatever. 286 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774, 4. That on the 10th day of September next, they suspend all exportation to Great Britain, Ireland and the West Indies ; except rice, to Europe. 5. That such merchants as have sent orders to Great Britain or Ireland, for goods, do immediately countermand the same, according to the fifth article of the association agreement. 6. That owners of vessels give orders to their captains or masters not to receive on board any goods prohibited by the non-importation agreement. 7. That they use their utmost endeavors, to improve the breed of sheep, and in crease their number to the greatest extent ; that, to that end, they kill them as sparingly as may be, especially those of the mcst profitable kind ; that they do not export any to the Wrest Indies, or elsewhere; and those who are, or may be, over stocked with, or can conveniently spare any sheep, do dispose of them to their neighbors ; especially the poorer sort, on moderate terms. 8. That they encourage frugality, economy and industry ; and promote agriculture, arts and the manufactures of this country ; especially, that of wool ; discountenance and discourage horse-racing, gaming, cock-fighting, expensive shows, plays and diversions; that, on the death ofa friend, they do not go into any fuither mourning than a black crape or ribbon, on the arm or hat, for gentlemen ; and a black ribbon or necklace, for ladies ; and discontinue the giving of gloves and scarfs, at funerals. 9. That such as are venders of goods or merchandize, will not take advantage of the scarcity of goods that may be occasioned by the association ; but that they sell the same at the rates they have been respectively accustomed to do, for twelve months past ; and if any vender of goods or merchandize, shall sell any such goods on higher terms, or shall in any manner, or by any device, whatsoever, violate or depart from this agreement, no person ought, nor will any of us deal with such person, or his or her factor, or agent, at any time thereafter, for any commodity, whatever. 10. That any goods or merchandize, imported after the 1st day of December, and before the 1st day of February, be, at the election of the owner, either re-shipped, or delivered to the committee, to be stored or sold, agreeably to the tenth article of the association. 11. That all manufactures of this country be sold at reasonable rates, so that no undue advantage be taken of a future scarcity of goods. In all and every of which matters, we request ah persons in this town, to yield the strictest conformity ; and in general, a full observance of every thing at large, in the proceedings of the congress ; as they would avoid such contempt and incon venience, as otherwise they would incur ; recommending a frequent perusal of the said proceedings, to the end that they may fully know their duty with respect to said agreement entered into, as a great means for extricating this country from im pending ruin and slavery. And we earnestly request all persons, both in town and country, who deal or trade in this place, and all others, to give us information of the names of such as shall violate any part of tbe association, that they may meet with such discouragement as the congress have directed. Voted, that all persons, who shall in future, bring goods into this town, either by land or water, shall produce a certificate from the committee of inspection, for the place from whence the goods may be brought, of their being imported before the 1st day of December ; or, that they were bought at vendue, according to the regu lation of the American Congress, as contained in the tenth article. 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 287 Voted, that the chairman of this committee, or any three of the members, be em powered to give certificates to any person who shall apply, for goods imported into this town, agreeably to the regulations of the congress. NICHOLAS COOKE, Chairman, CORRESPONDENCE WITH, AND PROCEEDINGS OF, THE COLONIES, RELATIVE TO THE ENCROACHMENTS OF PARLIAMENT, ON THEIR LIBERTIES. Proceedings of the General Assembly of New York. City of New York, 20th January, 1774. The House, according to order, resolved itself into a committee of the whole House, upon the letters received from the speakers of several of the Houses of Assembly on this continent, enclosing the resolutions entered into by them re spectively. After some time spent therein, Mr. Speaker resumed the chair, and Col. Seaman reported from the committee, that they had directed him to report to the House the following resolutions, to wit : Resolved, nemine contradicente, that it is the opinion of this committee, that a stand ing committee of correspondence and inquiry be appointed, to consist of the foUowing persons, to wit: John Cruger, Esq., speaker ; James DeLancey, James Jauncey, Jacob Walton, Benjamin Seaman, Isaac Wilkins, Frederic Phillips, Daniel Kissam, Zebulon Seaman, John Rapalje, Simon Boemm, John Denoyellis and George Clinton, Esqs. or any seven of them, whose business it shall be, to obtain the most early and au thentic intelligence of all such acts and resolutions of the British Parhament, or pro ceedings of the administration, as do, or may relate to, or affect, the hberties and privileges of His Majesty's subjects in the British colonies in America ; and to keep up and maintain a correspondence and communication with our sister colonies, re specting these important considerations ; and the result of their proceedings to lay before the House. Resolved also, nemine contradicente, that it is the opinion of this committee, that the speaker of this House prepare draughts of letters to the speakers of the Assem blies on the continent of America, enclosing these resolutions, and requesting them to lay the same before their respective Assemblies ; and that he do return the thanks of this House to the Burgesses of Virginia, for their early attention to the liberties of America. Which resolutions, having been read a second time, — Resolved, that this House doth agree with the committee in the said resolutions. By order of the General Assembly, for the colony of New York. GERARD BANCKER, Assistant Clerk. 288 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1774. Proceedings of the House of Assembly of New Jersey. House of Assembly, -i New Jersey. Tuesday, February 8th, 1774. j The House resumed the consideration of the several letters and resolutions of the other Houses of Assembly, on the subject matter ofthe common rights and hberties ofthe colonies. And — The House resolved itself into a committee of the whole House, upon the mat ters aforesaid ; and after some time spent therein, Mr. Speaker resumed the chair ; and Mr. Crane, chairman of the committee, by order of the House, reported the resolutions of the committee, as follows, viz. : 1. Resolved, that it is the opinion of this committee, that the House should heartily accept of the invitation to a mutual correspondence and intercourse with our sister colonies. To which, the House agreed nemine contradicente. 2. Resolved, that it is the opinion of this committee, that a standing committee of correspondence and inquiry, be appointed, to consist of the following persons, to wit : James Kinsey, Stephen Crane, Hendrick Fisher, Samuel Tucker, John Weth- erill, Robert Friend Price, John Hinchman, John Mehelm and Edward Taylor, Esqs., or any five of them, whose business it shall be, to obtain the most early and authentic intelligence of all acts and resolutions of the Parliament of Great Britain, or the proceedings of the administration, that may have any relation to, or may affect the liberties and privileges of His Majesty's subjects in the British colonies in America ; and to keep up and maintain a correspondence and communication with our sister colonies, respecting those important considerations ; and that they do oc casionally lay their proceedings before the House. To which, the House agreed nemine contradicente. 3. Resolved, that it is the opinion of this committee, that the said committee of correspondence do write letters to the several speakers of the Assemblies on the con tinent of America, enclosing these resolutions, and requesting them to lay the same before their respective Assemblies ; and that they do return the thanks of the House to the Burgesses of Virginia, for their early attention to the hberties of America. To which, the House agreed nemine contradicente. A true copy, from the journals. RICHARD SMITH, Clerk of the Assembly. John Cruger, Speaker of the House of Representatives, of New York, to Metcalfe Bowler, Speaker of the House of Deputies, of Rhode Island. New York, March 1st, 1774. Sir : — Your letter, of the 1 5 th of May last, together with the resolves ofthe Honorable House of Deputies, of the colony of Rhode Island, which they entered into on the 7th May last, enclosed therein, I laid before the General Assembly, of this colony, at the 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 289 opening ofthe present session ; who being sensible that they are ofthe utmost im portance to the rights and liberties of the American colonies, came to the enclosed resolutions, which they directed me to communicate to you ; and to desire that you will lay them before your House of Deputies, at their next meetin°\ I am, sir, &c, &c, JOHN CRUGER, Speaker. To the Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, Esq., Speaker of the House of Deputies, of the colony of Rhode Island. The Committee of Correspondence, of New Jersey, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Burlington, March 16th, 1774. Sir : — The representatives of this colony having received a letter from the truly patriotic House of Burgesses, in Virginia, enclosing their resolutions to obtain the most early intelligence of all such acts and resolutions of the British Parliament, or proceedings of the administration, as may relate to, or affect the British colonies and to maintain a mutual correspondence and communication, concerning these im portant considerations, have come to the enclosed resolutions, which we have the honor to send you. The utility ofthe plan proposed, at a time when claims are made on the colonies to which they cannot give their assent, appeared so evident, that they unanimously and cheerfully adopted the design of uniting in every prudent and constitutional measure, necessary to defeat every attempt to deprive them of the inestimable rights and privileges of British subjects. The committee of correspondence request the favor of you, to direct any intelli gence which your Honorable House may conceive necessary, to be communicated to the colony, to James Kinsey, Esq., in the city of Burlington, New Jersey. We are, with great respect, &c, &c, J. KINSEY, J. WETHERILL, SAM. TUCKER, JN. HINCHMAN. HEND'K FISHER, The Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, Esq. The Committee of Correspondence, of Westerly, to the Committee of Correspondence, at Boston. Westerly, May 19, 1774. Gentlemen : — With mingled concern and indignation, the committee of corres pondence for this town, have seen an act for blocking up the harbor of Boston. Rome, designing to destroy the city of Carthage, barbarously required of the Car- thagenians that they should forsake their city, and remove their habitations twelve miles from the sea. The consideration of the inveterate hatred, occasioned by the lon<* and bloody wars which had subsisted between Rome and Carthage ; the re membrance of several hundred thousand Romans killed in those wars, and several hundred towns plundered by the Carthagenians, are some excuse for the Roman vol. vii. 37 290 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. severity ; but the cruel and unnatural treatment which the town of Boston has re ceived from Great Britain, will admit of no palliation. The metropolis of a most affectionate and loyal colony, which in all the wars of Great Britain hath gloriously supported the British interest in America ; and even by their wise and vigorous efforts made a conquest which gave peace to Europe, is now threatened with destruction, for no other cause, but because the people have bravely determined not to become slaves. We have long felt for the town of Boston ; we heartily sympathize with our breth ren upon this alarming occasion ; we are much pleased with the noble firmness with which this cruel edict is received in Boston. We highly approve the measures taken by the town ; and are entirely of opinion, that the joint resolution of the colonies, to stop all importations from, and exporta- tions to, Great Britain and the West Indies, uniil the act is repealed, will infallibly produce the desired effect. The country which we possess, blessed be God ! affords every necessary of life. We are morally certain, that, with the common blessings of Heaven upon our in dustry and frugality, we can live comfortably, without importing a single article from Great Britain or the West Indies ; and we are equally certain, that neither England nor the West Indies can subsist long without us ; their own preservation, therefore, will compel them to do us justice. This horrid attack upon the town of Boston, we consider not as an attempt upon that town singly, but upon the whol e continent. We are therefore, determined to use our whole influence for the support of the town of Boston, in, the same manner as if the attack had been made on the metrop olis of this colony ; and we doubt not but the other colonies will consider this arbi trary and tyrannical edict in the seme hght, and heartily unite with the friends of hberty in Boston, in support of the common cause. That infinite wisdom may direct and preserve all the colonies, is the ardent prayer of, &c, &c. The Committee of Correspondence of Newport, to the Committee qf Correspondence of Boston. Newport, May 20th, 1774. Gentlemen : — Your letters, together with one from Mr. Adams, upon the late most alarming occasion of shutting up the port of Boston, was considered in a full meeting of the freemen of the town, legally assembled this day ; and the enclosed resolutions entered into, with not more than two or three dissenting voices. We have no doubt but an hearty union of the colonies in the measures necessary to be taken in this important crisis, will open the eyes of our fellow subjects in Great Britain, and operate effectually to the redress ofthe grievances ofthe colonies. We deplore the present unhappy situation of our brethren in Boston, and assure you that every consolation and rehef in the power of Newport, may be expected and depended upon. We are, gentlemen, &c, &c, Signed by— JOHN COLLINS, WILLIAM VERNON, SAMUEL FOWLER, HENRY WARD, Committee of Correspondence. To the Committee of Correspondence, of Boston. 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 291 The Committee of Correspondence, qf Boston, to the Committee of Correspondence, of Newport. Boston, May — , 1774. Gentlemen : — We have just received the copy of an act ofthe British Parliament, passed the present session, whereby the town of Boston is treated in a manner the most ignominious and unjust. The Parliament have taken upon them, from the representation of our Governor, and other persons, inimical to, and deeply prejudiced against the inhabitants, to try, condemn, and by an act, to punish them unheard ; which would have been in viola tion of natural justice, even if they had an acknowledged jurisdiction. They have ordered our port to be entirely shut up, leaving us barely so much of the means of subsistence, as to keep us from perishing with cold and hunger ; and it is said that a fleet of British ships of war is to shut up our harbor, until we shall make restitution to the East India Company for the loss of their tea, which was de stroyed therein, the winter past ; obedience paid to the laws and authority of Great Britain, and the revenue is duly collected. This act fills the inhabitants with indignation. The more thinking part of those who have hitherto been in favor of the measures of the British government, look upon it as not to have been expected even from a barbarous state. This attack, though made immediately upon us, is doubtless designed for every other colony, who will not surrender their sacred rights and liberties into the hands of an infamous ministry. Now therefore, is the time, when all should be united, in opposition to this viola tion of the liberties of all. Their grand object is to divide the colonies. We are well informed, that another bill is to be brought into Parliament, to dis tinguish this from the other colonies, by repealing some of the acts which have been complained of, and ease the American trade ; but, be assured, you will be called upon to surrender your rights, if ever they should succeed in their attempts to sup press the spirit of liberty here. The single question then is, whether you consider Boston as now suffering in the common cause, and sensibly feel and resent the injury and affront offered her 1 If you do (and we cannot believe otherwise), may we not, from your approbation of our former conduct in defence of American liberty, rely on your suspending your trade with Great Britain, at least ; which, it is acknowledged, will be a great but necessary sacrifice to the cause of liberty, and will effectually defeat the designs of this act of revenge. If this should be done, you will please to consider it will be thought a voluntary suffering, greatly short of what we are called to endure under the immediate hand of tyranny. We desire your answer, by the bearer ; and after assuring you, that, not in the least intimidated by this inhuman treatment, we are still determined, to the utmost of our abilities, to maintain the rights of America, We are, gentlemen, Your friends and fellow countrymen, WILLIAM COOPER, Clerk. Si"med by order, and in behalf of the Committee of Correspondence, for Boston. 292 RECORDS OF HIE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. N. B. The above was written with the concurrence of the committee of corres pondence of the towns of Charlestown, Cambridge, Brookline, Newton, Roxbury, Dorchester, Lexington and Lynn. The Committee of Correspondence, of Virginia, to the Committee of Correspondence, of Rhode Island. Williamsburg, Virginia, May 28th, 1774. Gentlemen : — The enclosed papers will explain to you our present political state here, with respect to the unhappy dispute with our mother country. The propriety of appointing deputies from the several colonies of British America, to meet annually in general congress, appears to be a measure extremely important and extensively useful, as it tends so effectually to obtain the united wisdom of the whole, in every case of general concern. We are desired to obtain your sentiments on the subject, which you will be pleased to furnish us with. Being very desirous of communicating to you, the opinion and conduct of the late representatives on the present posture of American affairs, as quickly as possible, we beg leave to refer you to a future letter, in which Tre shall more fully express our sentiments on these subjects. We are, with great respect, gentlemen, &c, &c.( PEYTON RANDOLPH, R. C. NICHOLAS, DUDLEY DIGGE, Committee of Correspondence, &c. To the Committee of Correspondence, for Rhode Island. Resolution of the House of Representatives, of Massachusetts, relative to the Closing of the Port of Boston. Province of Massachusetts Bay, ¦> In the House of Representatives, May 26th, 1774. \ Resolved, that the committee of correspondence be, and they hereby are, directed to write to the committees of correspondence of all the British colonies on this con tinent, enclosing a copy of an unprecedented act of the British Parliament, for shutting up the port of Boston, and otherwise punishing the inhabitants of that town; and desire their immediate attention to an act, designed to suppress the spirit of liberty in America. A true copy, attest. 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 293 The Committee of Correspondence of Massachusets, to the Committee of Correspondence, of Rhode Island, relative to certain proceedings ofthe House of Representatives, of that Colony. Province of the Massachusetts Bay, } May 28th, 1774. \ Gentlemen : — By order of the House of Representatives, of this Province, we en close you an act passed in the late session of the British Parliament, entitled " An act to discontinue in such manner, and for such time, as are therein mentioned, the landing and discharging, lading or shipping of goods, wares and merchandize, at the town, and within the harbor of Boston, in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, in North America.'' We think that the archives of Constantinople might be in vain searched for a par allel. To reason upon such an act, would be idleness. You will doubtless judge every British American colony deeply concerned in it, and contemplate and deter mine upon it, accordingly. We are, with great regard, Your friends and fellow countrymen, THOMAS CUSHING, THOS. GARDNER, SAMUEL ADAMS, JOSEPH HAWLEY, JAS. WARREN, WM. HEATH, Committee of Correspondence, &c. To the gentlemen the Committee of Correspondence, appointed by the Honorable: House of Deputies, in the colony of Rhode Island. "Join or Die!" The act of Parliament, for blocking up the harbor of Boston, in order to reduce its spirited inhabitants to the most servile and mean compliances ever attempted to1 be imposed on a free people, is allowed to be infinitely more alarming and danger ous to our common liberties, than even that hydra, the stamp act (which was de feated by our firmness and union), and must be read with a glowing indignation, by every real friend of freedom in Europe and America. Though the town of Boston is now intended to be made a victim to ministerial •wrath ; yet the insult and indignity offered to our virtuous brethren in that capital, who have so nobly stood as a barrier against slavery, ought to be viewed in the same odious light as a direct, hostile invasion of every province on the continent, whose inhabitants are now loudly called upon, by interest, honor and humanity, to stand forth, with firmness and unanimity, for the relief, support and animation of our brethren in the insulted, besieged capital of Massachusetts Bay. The generals of despotism are now drawing the hnes of circumvallation around our bulwarks of hberty ; and nothing but unity, resolution and perseverance, can save ourselves and posterity from what is worse than death — slavery ! Newport, Rhode Island, May 30, 1774. 294 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. The Committee of Correspondence, of Connecticut, to the Com mittee of Correspondence, of Boston. Hartford, June 3d, 1774. Gentlemen : — The lower House of Assembly, at their session, at this place, which closes this day, came into sundry resolutions, relative to their rights and privileges ; an extract from which, you have enclosed, which we take the earliest opportunity of sending you ; and on the important subject, take the liberty to add, as our opinion, that a congress is absolutely necessary, previous to almost every other measure. Since, as the injury is general, the mode taken for redress, ought to be commensurate; which can be, by no means, short of a general conference and union. The resolves of merchants, in any individual town or province, however gener ously designed, must be partial ; and when considered in respect to the whole of the colonies, in one general view, at best defective ; while on the other hand, every measure recommended, every resolve come into, by the whole united coh.nies, must carry weight and influence on the minds of the people, and effectually silence those base insinuations which our enemies aro ever ready to throw out, of interested mo tives, sinister views, unfair practices and the like ; for the vile purposes of sowing the seeds of jealousy between the colonies, to divide and render abortive all our de signs in favor of the liberties of America. We conceive that little, or nothing, need be added on this subject, as the pro priety and utility of the measure, is acknowledged by all. The time and place seems only to be fixed on, for the first ; the earlier, consistent with having the principal provinces notified and present, the better ; — say the last Wednesday in July, or first in August ; by which time, all, as far as Virginia, may be informed of, and invited to attend it. For the place, New York is as near the center ; but the season of the year makes us prefer some agreeable town to a city, in which there will be more avocations, be- i des its being disagreeable in these months. Norwalk or Fairfield, are towns in which gentlemen men may be well accommodated, in this colony. But we submit this, as well as the time, to your opinions, which we shall expect as soon as possible. We conceive, as a committee of correspondence and inquiry are appointed in every considerable colony, by their Assemblies, they are the proper persons to at tend, or to appoint others for that business. But of this, the gentlemen in your colony are the proper judges ; and we hint this, as the Assemblies of some of the most respectable colonies will hardly have an opportunity of meeting again until next winter, and consequently will not be able to appoint in any season. We have only to add, that we are sensibly affected with your distressed situation. We are, gentlemen, Your friends, and fellow countrymen, SILAS DEAN, Signed per order of the Committee of Correspondence, for Connecticut. P. S. Yours, ofthe 31st ultimo, in reply to ours, ofthe 26th, is before us. The situation of the town of Boston, particularly of the poor, and such as must now be 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 295 deprived of employ and reduced to straits, was considered by both Houses of As sembly, and a resolution come into, to contribute to their relief, which passed both the Houses of Assembly ; but the time and mode for carrying it into execution, is deferred, until they hear more directly from you ; which doubtless they will, before their next meeting. To the Committee of Correspondence, for Boston. The Committee of Correspondence, of Connecticut, to ihe Com mittee of Correspondence, of Newport. Hartford, June 4th, 1774. Gentlemen : — You have, enclosed, the copy of our letter to the committee of cor respondence, at Boston, of even date, herewith. Confident you have not been inattentive to the present alarming proceedings, re specting the colonies, we shall not detain you, by attempting to suggest any thing new, on the subject ; but to desire, if you are of the same sentiment with us, in the enclosed, that you will give us seasonable notice of the measures you take, in car rying the proposal into execution. We are, with great regard, gentlemen, Your friends, and fellow countrymen, SILAS DEAN, Signed per order of the Committee of Correspondence, for Connecticut. To the Committee of Correspondence, Newport, Rhode Island. The Committee qf Correspondence, of Massachusetts, to the Com mittee of Correspondence, of Rhode Island. Province of the Massachusetts Bay, •> Boston, June 4, 1774. ) Gentlemen : — We take the earliest opportunity to enclose you copies of two bills brought into Parhament, and before this time, probably enacted, which we have just received by a vessel, in thirty-six days from Bristol. It is also confidently reported, that a third bill is to be brought into Parliament, for the better regulating the governments of the other provinces in North America These edicts, cruel and oppressive as they are, we consider as but bare specimens of what the continent are to expect from a Parliament, who claim a right to make laws binding us in all cases, whatsoever. We are your friends and fellow countrymen, THOMAS CUSHING, JOSEPH HAWLEY, SAMUEL ADAMS, THOMAS GARDNER, Committee of Correspondence. To the gentlemen the Committee of Correspondence, appointed by the House of Deputies, of the colony of Rhode Island. 296 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE SEVERAL COLONIES, WITH RESO. LUTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MEETING OF A GENERAL CON GRESS OF THE COLONIES IN PHILADELPHIA. The Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Massachusetts, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Province of the Massachusetts Bay, f June 17th, 1774. \ Sir : — Agreeably to the directions of the House of Representatives, of this Province, I have the honor to transmit you a copy of certain resolves they entered into, in their present session ; by which, you will perceive that it is their opinion tha' a meeting of committees from tbe several colonies on this continent, is highly expe dient and necessary ; and that they propose that such meeting be at the city of Phil adelphia, on the 1st day of September next ; and that, for the purposes mentioned in said resolves, they have appointed a committee of five, on the part of this Province, whom they have directed to repair to Philadelphia, at the time before- mentioned. This appears to be a measure absolutely necessary for the establishment of the rights and liberties of the colonies, upon a just and solid foundation ; and for the re storation of union and harmony between both countries. It is not doubted, but it will be agreed to in your colony, if it should, it is desired that as early notice as possible might be transmitted to — Sir, your most obedient, humble servant, THOMAS CUSHING, Speaker^ To the Honorable the Speaker of the Honorable House of Deputies, of the colony of Rhode Island. P. S. If this letter cannot be communicated seasonably to your Honorable House, it is desired it may be communicated to their committee of correspondence. Resolutions of the House of Representatives, of Massachusetts. Province of the Massachusetts Bay, | In the House of Representatives, June 1 7th, 1 7 74. £ This House having duly considered, and being deeply affected with, the unhappy differences which have long subsisted and are increasing between Great Britain and the American colonies, — Do resolve, that a meeting of committees from the several colonies on this conti nent, is highly expedient and necessary, to consult upon the present state of the colonies, and the miseries to which they are, and must be, reduced by the operation of certain acts of Parliament, respecting America; and to deliberate and determine upon wise and proper measures, to be by them recommended to all the colonies, for 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 297 the recovery and estabhshment of their just rights and liberties, civil and rehgious ; and the restoration of union and harmony between Great Britain and the colonies, most ardently desired by all good men. Therefore, resolved that the Hon. James Bowdoin, Esq., the Hon. Thomas Cushing, Esq., Mr. Samuel Adams, John Adams and Robert Treat Paine, Esqs., be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, on the part of this Province, for the purposes, aforesaid ; any three of whom, to be a quorum, to meet such committees or delegates from the other colonies, as have been, or may be, appointed, either by their respective Houses of Burgesses, or Representatives, or by convention ; or by the committees of correspondence, appointed by the respective Houses of Assembly, in the city of Philadelphia ; or any other place that shall be judged most suitable by the committees, on the 1st day of September next ; and that the speaker of the House be directed, in a letter to the speakers of the Houses of Burgesses, or Repre sentatives, in the several colonies, to inform them of the substance of these resolves. A true copy, attest : SAMUEL ADAMS, Clerk, The Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island, to the several British Colonies, in North America. Newport, June 20, 1774. Sir : — Agreeably to the directions of the General Assembly, I have the honor to enclose you a copy of certain resolutions entered into by them, respecting the very alarming situation of the colonies. I have also to inform you, that, upon this occasion, the Assembly have adjourned to the fourth Monday in August next. I am, with very great regard, sir, Your most humble servant, METCALFE BOWLER, Speaker* The Committee of Correspondence, of New York, to the Com mittee of Correspondence, of Connecticut. New York, June 24th, 1774. Gentlemen: We have your letter of June 4th, before us, enclosing the resolves of your Assembly, and a letter to the committee of correspondence, of Boston ; and we agree with you, that at this alarming juncture, a general congress of deputies from°the several colonies, would be a very expedient and salutary measure. Suety a congress, consisting of men of coolness, prudence and understanding, would, we conceive, be the best means, under Providence, of restoring that peace and harmony between Great Britain and her colonies, which is the surest foun dation of happiness to both ; and which every good man, every well-wisher to his country?ought to labor strenuously to establish. We are sorry, therefore, that we are not sufficiently empowered to take any steps in relation to so salutary a measure ; for we are a committee of correspondence, * The resolutions, referred to, which were transmitted to the several British colonies, will be found on page 246 . vol. vn. 38 298 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. and cannot consistently with good order and propriety, interfere in a matter of such importance, without the appointment and concurrence of our whole House of Representatives. After what has been said, it would be needless to mention any thing about the place of meeting ; only this, that, if the other colonies, who may have authority for so doing, should meet in congress, in or near this city, we shall most gladly and wil lingly assist with our advice, &c, if necessary ; which, circumstanced as we are at present, is all we are enabled to do. We should be glad, however, to know before we come to any final determination on this matter, what steps will be taken by the other colonies, who are in the same situation with us, by not having an opportunity of knowing the sentiments of their Houses of Representatives, when the measures proposed to be adopted by them, shall be communicated to us, we shall be better able to judge what plan will be most likely to procure a redress of our present grievances, and promote the union and prosperity of the mother country and the colonies ; and we expect daily to re ceive accounts of these matters, of which we shall send you the most early intelli gence. We are, with great esteem, gentlemen, Your most obedient servants, JOHN CRUGER, JOHN RAPALJE, JA. JAUNCEY, DANIEL KISSAM, FRED'K PHILIPSE, ZEB. SEAMAN, late JAMES DeLANCEY, ZEB. WILLIAMS, JACOB WALTON, BENJAMIN SEAMAN, SIMON BOEMM, Committee, &c. To the Committee of Correspondence, of the General Assembly, of Connecticut. John Cruger, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of New York, to Metcalfe Bowler, Speaker of the House of Rep resentatives, of Rhode Island. New York, June 27, 1774. Sir: — Your letter ofthe 20th of June, enclosing the resolutions of your House of Representatives, respecting the alarming situation of the colonies, was received the day after our committee of correspondence broke up, and the members returned to the country. The enclosed letter, to the committee of correspondence, of the House of Repre sentatives, of the colony of Connecticut, will convey to you their sentiments of the propriety of a general congress, and of the power which they conceive given to them, by the General Assembly of this colony. We shall doubtless soon receive accounts of the deliberations of the colony of Virginia and the other Southern colonies, on these important matters, when we shall again call together our committee, and communicate to you their resolutions thereon. I have the honor to be with great regard, sir, Your most obedient servant, JOHN CRUGER. To the Hon- Metcalfe Bowler, Esq. 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 299 Census cf Rhode Island, taken in June, 1774 ; as published in the Providence Gazette, July 2, 1774. The number of inhabitants in this colony, according to the lists given in by the several towns, at the late session of Assembly, is as follows : Comity of Newport. Kings County. Newport 9,209 North Kingstown 2,472 Portsmouth 1,512 South Kingstown 2,835 Jamestown 563 Westerly 1,812 Middletown 881 Charlestown 1,821 Tiverton 1,957 Exeter 1,864 Little Compton - 1,232 Richmond 1,257 New Shoreham 575 Hopkinton 1,805 15,929 13,866 County of Kent County of Providence. Warwick 2,438 Providence 4,321 West Greenwich - 1,764 Smithfield - 2,888 East Greenwich 1,663 Scituate Glocester 3,601 Coventry - 2,945 2,023 Cranston 1,834 7,888 Cumberland - 1,756 County of Bristol. Johnston - 1,031 Bristol 1,209 North Providence L830 Warren 979 Barrington 19,206 601 2,789 Whites _ 54,435 Indians - 1,482 Blacks - 3,761 Total 59,678 Proceedings of the House of Representatives, of New Hampshire, July 21, 1774. Province of New Hampshire. At a meeting of deputies, appointed by the several towns, in this province, held at Exeter, in the "county of Rockingham, 21st of July, 1774, for the election of dele gates, on behalf of this province, to join the general congress proposed. Present, eighty-five members. The Hon. John Wentworth, Esq., in tbe chair. 300 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. It being moved from the chair, whether it was, expedient to send delegates on the part of this province, to the general congress, — Resolved unanimously, that, under the present perplexed situation of the pubhc affairs of the colonies, it is expedient and necessary, to send such delegates to the general congress. Voted, that Col. Nathaniel Folsom and Major John Sullivan, Esqs., be appointed and empowered, as delegates, on the part of this province, to attend and assist in the general congress of delegates from the other colonies, at such time and place as may be appointed, to devise, consult and adopt such measures as may have the most likely tendency to extricate the colonies from their present difficulties ; to secure and perpetuate their rights, liberties and privileges, and to restore that peace, harmony and mutual confidence, which once happily subsisted between the parent country, and her colonies. Voted, that the £200, lawful money, generously contributed by the several towns, and sent by their respective deputies, agreeably to the recommendation of the mem bers of the late House of Representatives, be paid to the treasurer that may be ap pointed to receive the same, to defray the expense of sending the delegates. Voted, that John Giddinge, Esq., be appointed treasurer to receive the same money or any other, that may be given for that purpose ; and to pay the same to the delegates, and take their receipts therefor. Voted, that the Hon. John Wentworth, Esq., the Hon. Meseach Weare, Col. Jo siah Bartlett, Col. Christopher Toppan and John Pickering, Jr., Esqs., be a com mittee, in behalf of the deputies appointed by the several towns, to give genera} instructions to the delegates, chosen in behalf of this province ; that the same com mittee be invested with full power, by, and in behalf of, the deputies present, in case one or both the delegates elected, should be providentially hindered from going to the general congress, to elect other delegate or delegates in his or their room ; and that the delegate shall account with the committee, for the money received. Voted unanimously, that the deputies recommend it to their respective towns, to take into consideration the distressed, unhappy condition of the town of Boston, and liberally to contribute towards the rehef of the poor of that town, according to the noble and laudable example of their sister colonies. Proceedings of the House of Representatives, of Pennsylvania. In Assembly, l Pennsylvania. July 2 2d, 1774. A. M. | The House taking into their most serious consideration, the unfortunate differ ences whiph fcfve long subsisted between Great Britain and the American colonies, and have been greatly increased by the operation and effects of divers late acts of the British Parhament, — Resolved, that there is an absolute necessity that a congress of deputies from the several colonies, be held as soon as conveniently may be, to consult together upon the present unhappy state of the colonies; and to form and adopt a plan for the purposes of obtaining a redress of American grievances, ascertaining American rights upon the most sohd and constitutional principles, and for establishing that union' and harmony between Great Britain and the colonies, which is indispensably necessary to the welfare and happiness of both ; therefore — 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 301 Resolved, that the Hon. Joseph Galloway, speaker ; Samuel Rhoads, Thomas Mifflin, Charles Humphreys, John Morton, George Ross and Edward Biddle, Esqs.,1 be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, on the part of this province, for the purposes, aforesaid ; and that they, or any four of them, do meet such commit tees or delegates, from the other colonies, as have been, or may be, appointed, either by their respective Houses of Representatives, or by convention, or by the provin cial or colony committees, at such time and place, as shall be generally agreed on by such committees ; and that the speaker of this House be directed, in a letter to the speakers of the Houses of Representatives, of the other colonies, to inform them of these resolves. Extract from the journals : CHARLES MOORE, Clerk of Assembly. The Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Pennsylvania, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Philadelphia, July 24th, 1774. Sir : — By order of the House of Representatives, of Pennsylvania, I have the honor to enclose a copy of certain resolutions entered into by them, respecting the present alarming state of the colonies ; and appointing a committee, to meet the committees of the other colonies, in congress. I am, with great respect, sir, your most obedient servant, JOSEPH GALLOWAY, Speaker. To the Speaker ofthe House of Representatives,, of Rhode Island. The Committee of Correspondence, of North Carolina, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. North Carolina, 28th July, 1774. Sir : — We are favored with your letter of the 20th of June, directed to the speaker of late House of Assembly, of this province. The Governor, some time before we had notice of the proceedings of the British Parhament, relative to the town of Boston, dissolved the Assembly of this province, and has not hitherto thought proper to convene the members, who have been since elected. We are now endeavoring to procure a meeting of the representatives as soon as possible ; and doubt not but they will agree in sentiment, and adopt similar resolu tions with your Assembly. We are, with the greatest respect, sir, Your most obedient servants, JOHN HARVEY, WILL. HOOPER, EDWARD VAIL, SAM'L JOHNSTON, JOHN ASHE, JOSEPH HEWES, Committee, &c, &c. *To the speaker of the House of Representatives of Rhode Island. 302 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. The Committee of Correspondence, of Delaware, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Newcastle-upon-Delaware, -t August 2d, 1774. y Sir : — We are ordered by the representatives of the freemen of the government of the counties of Newcastle, Kent and Sussex, upon Delaware, who assembled here yes terday, at the request of the said freemen, and adjourned until this day, to inform you that they have unanimously appointed Cfesar Rodney, Thomas M'Kean and George Read, Esqs., or any two of them, deputies, in behalf of this colony, to attend at the much expected congress, for the British colonies at Philadelphia, on the first Mon day of September next, or at such other time and place, as shall be generally agreed on. As the time and place agreed upon, have been proposed by many of the other provinces, we hope they will prove agreeable. W7e are, sir, with the utmost regard, the committee of correspondence, for said government, appointed by the House of Assembly, — And your most obedient, humble servants, CESAR RODNEY", JNO. M. KINLY, GEO. READ, THOS. ROBINSON. THO. M'KEAN, To the Honorable the Speaker of the House of Assembly, of the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, to be communicated to the Commit tee of Correspondence. The Committee of Correspondence, of New Hampshire, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Province of New Hampshire, "> August 8th, 1774. j Sh' : — We have had, some time since, the pleasure of receiving your favor of the 20th June, containing the resolutions of your colony, upon the alarming situation of the American governments ; and have now the satisfaction to enclose you the pro ceedings of this province, upon the same important matters. From the unanimity in sentiments and measures, which prevail in all the colonies, we are constrained to flatter ourselves, that a firm and steady perseverance therein, will soon work out our political salvation. We are, sir, with the greatest regard, Your most humble servants, SAMUEL CUTTS. Signed per order of the Committee of Correspondence, ) for the Province of New Hampshire. ) To the Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, Esq. 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 303 Subscription for the Relief of the Inhabitants of Boston and Charlestown, in the town of East Greenwich. East Greenwich, August 29, 1774. We, the subscribers, inhabitants of the town of East Greenwich, in the colony of Rhode Island, taking into the most serious consideration the present alarming situa tion of our brethren in the towns of Boston and Charlestown, in the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, occasioned by the late cruel, malignant and worse than savage acts of the British Parliament ; and whereas, a tame submission to the first ap proaches of lawless power, will undoubtedly involve this extensive continent in one scene of misery and servitude, than which, a glorious death, in defence of our un questionable rights, is far more eligible ; convinced likewise, that the only true glory and unfading grandeur of the British monarch consists in governing his ex tensive empire with equal and impartial laws, founded in reason, and rendered sacred by the wisdom of ages ; and that every attempt to impair that noble constitu tion, which hath ever been the envy and terror of Europe, constitutes the blackest treason — from the most unfeigned loyalty to our sovereign — from tho most settled abhorrence to the deep laid schemes of his prime minister, whom we esteem the most determined foe to royalty ; and from an ardent love to our country, which nothing but death can abate, we do promise and engage to pay, by the 1st day of October next, the respective sums to our names annexed, to James Mitchell Varnum, Esq. ; Messrs. Preserved Pearce, A. Mumford and William Pearce, to be laid out and expended in such articles of provisions, for our said distressed brethren, as the majority of us shall agree upon, to be sent to the committee of ways and means for employing the poor in Boston, by the first conveyance. — Providence Gazette. Declaration of Stephen Arnold, of East Greenwich, relative to certain tumultuous proceedings, in the Town of Providence. Providence, September, 1774. At 2 o'clock, in the morning, on Tuesday last, an express arrrived in this town, from East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, with advice that a mob was raised, consisting of some hundreds of people, who threatened, and were hourly expected to come and destroy said town of East Greenwich, in order to show their resent ment of the injury which they said had been offered to Stephen Arnold, of War wick, Esq., one of the justices of the inferior court of common pleas in that county, who had been charged with industriously propagating principles unfriendly to American liberty, and had been hung in effigy, by some of the people at East Greenwich. This intelligence was immediately communicated to His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor, who ordered the sheriff, with the companies of Cadets and Light Infantry of this town, and others of the militia, to arm themselves, and proceed immediately to East Greenwich, to assist the sheriff of said county in dispersing said mob. The companies of mihtia accordingly armed, marched immediately, and arrived there by 9 o'clock, the same morning, where a committee was appointed and sent to, the mob, about two miles distant from the town, to warn them of the bad conse- 304 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1774. ¦quences of their unlawful proceedings, and to demand some of the principal person s a-mong them, to come immediately into town, and settle the affair. Whereupon, the said Stephen Arnold, Esq., and some others, came from the mob, and met the militia ; and a great number of people convened at the court house, where, after being made acquainted with their resolute determination, he signed the following declaration and confession : Confession. " AVhereas, I, the subscriber, having lately in this town, received great indignity, by being hung in effigy, by some evil minded persons, to me unknown ; and from many reports which have been circulated in the country, I was led to think my person and family unsafe ; and being actuated by the motives of fear and resentment, without maturely considering the consequences, have been concerned, by officiating with divers people of this country, with the intention of repairing to this town, and mak ing a declaration of that right, which as a subject, I apprehended I was entitled to. And whereas, the said assembly, was unlawful, which hath occasioned much fear and distress to the inhabitants of this town in particular, and many others, in general ; for all which, I do hereby express my hearty sorrow, and wish to obtain the favorable opinion of this public assembly ; especially, as I am a friend to the liberty of my country, and disapprove of those measures which have been calculated to tax America, without her consent. STEPHEN ARNOLD." "East Greenwich, September 13, 1774. P. S. I do further declare, that I will discourage to the utmost of my power, all such unlawful assemblies for the future, and that already assembled in particular. — Providence Gazette. STEPHEN ARNOLD." Samuel Ward to the Governor of Rhode Island. Philadelphia, October 3, 1774. Sir : — We should, with pleasure, havo communicated to you, the proceedings ofthe congress from time to time, but the resolution to let nothing transpire without express direction, would not admit it ; but we may, with propriety, we beheve, observe, that from the resolutions unanimously come into by the congress, upon the resolves of the county of Suffolk, which were immediately pubhshed with those resolves, some esti mate may be formed of the general sentiments of the congress. Wre take this early opportunity of acquainting Your Honor, that a non-importa tion from Great Britain and Ireland, is agreed upon, to take place the 1st day of December next, and a general non-exportation on the 10th day of September next.. Non-exportation of several commodities to different parts, to commence immediately,. or very soon, is under consideration, and we think will probably be resolved upon. Whenever any measures are adopted, the communication of which, will either give pleasure to the colony, or promote its interest, we shall (the moment we are at liberty,) give you the earliest intelligence of them. The magnitude of the subjects before the congress, the peculiar circumstances of dehcacy and intricacy in which they are involved, the danger of taking a false step in a matter of such vast importance, and the necessity of adopting of every proper measure, cannot fail to lengthen the session. What has been done, we hope will be honored with the approbation of the colony. 1774.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 305 Much still remains to be done ; and however striking the ideas of our friends and connexions at home may be, after a long absence, we shall cheerfully continue here as long as the service of our country requires it ; and we hope faithfully to exert our utmost endeavors in this arduous undertaking for the common good of America. We are, with regard, Your Honor's most obedient, and most humble servants, SAM. WARD. To the Hon. Joseph Wanton, Esq.. P. S. When the above was written, Mr. Hopkins was expected in town ; but not being yet returned, and the vessel ready to sail, I am forced to write singly. Lord Dartmouth to the Governor and Company of Rhode Island. Circular.] Whitehall, 19th October, 1774. Gentlemen : — His Majesty having thought fit, by his order in Council, this day, to prohibit the exportation from Great Britain, of gunpowder, ***** or any sort of arms or ammunition, I herewith enclose to you a copy of the order ; and it is His Majesty's command, that you do take the most effectual measures for arresting, detaining and securing any * * * gunpowder, or any sorts of arms or ammunition, which may be attempted to be imported into the province under your government, unless the master of the ship, having such military stores on board, shall produce a license from His Majesty, or the Privy Council, for the ex portation ofthe same, from some ofthe ports of this kingdom. I am, gentlemen, your most obedient, humble servant, DARTMOUTH. To the Governor and Company of Rhode Island. Lord Dartmouth to the Governor of Rhode Island. Circular.] Whitehall, November 2, 1774. Sir : — The lords commissioners for trade and plantations, having complained that they are frequently put under great difficulties from the Governors of His Majesty's colonies neglecting to transmit, at regular periods, returns of the state of their re spective Councils, I am commanded by the King, to signify to you, His Majesty's pleasure, that you do regularly, every three months, or oftener, transmit to their lordships a list of the names of the Council of the province under your government ; noting such as are absent, for what time they have been absent, and with what license. I am, sir, your most obedient, humble servant, DARTMOUTH. To Governor Wanton. Lord Dartmouth to the Governor of Rhode Island. Circular.] Whitehall, December 10, 1774. Sir : — Enclosed, I send you, by His Majesty's commands, printed copies of His Majesty's most gracious speech to his Parliament, and of the address and answer thereto, which were passed in both Houses, by a very great majority. vol. vii. 39 306 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1774. The declaration which His Majesty has been most graciously pleased to make, of his firm and steadfast resolution to withstand every attempt to weaken or impair the authority of the supreme legislature over all His Majesty's dominions ; the resolution of both Houses, to support those great constitutional principles by which His Maj esty's conduct hath been governed, and their entire approbation ofthe steps His Maj esty has taken, for carrying into execution the laws passed in the last session, will, I trust, have the effect to remove those false impressions which have been made upon the minds of His Majesty's subjects in America, and put an end to those expecta tions of support in their unwarrantable pretensions, which have been held forth by artful and designing men. I am, sir, your most obedient, humble servant, DARTMOUTH. To Governor Wanton. Extract of a letter from Captain Wallace, to Vice Admiral Graves, dated on board His Majesty's ship Rose, at Newport, Rhode Island, December 12, 1774. " Yesterday I arrived in this port, with His Majesty's ship under my command, from New London, on a cruise, of which I had the honor to acquaint you, the 8th instant. Since my absence from this place, I find the inhabitants (they say here of Provi dence) have seized upon the King's cannon that was upon Fort Island, consisting of six twenty-four pounders, eighteen eighteen-pounders, fourteen six-pounders and six four-pounders (the latter, they say, formerly belonged to a province sloop they had here), and conveyed them to Providence. A procedure so extraordinary, caused me to wait upon the Governor, to inquire of him, for your information, why such a step had been taken. He very frankly told me, they had done it to prevent their falling into the hands ofthe King, or any of his servants ; and that they meant to make use of them, to defend themselves against any power that shall offer to molest them. I then mentioned, if, in the course of carrying on the King's service here, I should ask assistance, whether I might expect any from him, or any others in the government. He answered, as to himself, he had no power ; and in respect to any other part of the government I should meet with nothing but opposition and difficulty. So much from Governor Wanton. Then I endeavored to get the best information of what they were at, from all quarters, and enclosed I send it to you. Among some of their votes, you will find they intend to procure powder and ball and military stores of all kinds, whenever they can get them." 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 307 [The speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island, received the fol. lowing letter from Messrs. Bollan, Franklin and Lee, three of the colony agents.] William Bollan, Benjamin Franklin and Arthur Lee, Agents in London for the Colony of Rhode Island, to Metcalfe Bowler, Speaker qf the House of Representatives. London, December 24, 1774. Sir : — This is just to inform you, that, having received the petition of the General Congress, to (he King, we immediately communicated the same to Lord Dartmouth; secretary of state, for the American department, as the regular official method, and that by which only we could have expectation of obtaining an answer. His Lordship this day informed us, that he had laid the same before the King -, that His Majesty had been pleased to receive it very graciously, and to say it was of so great importance, that he should, as soon as they met, lay it before his two Houses of Parhament. We can only add, that — We are, with great respect, sir, Your most obedient, and most humble servants, WTLLIAM BOLLAN, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, ARTHUR LEE. To the Honorable the Speaker of the lower House of Assembly, of the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Providence, on the 22d day of April, 1775. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Thomas Freebody and William Greene, and Joshua Babcock, Esqs., be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee to proportion to the several towns in this colony two thousand five hundred pounds of the powder, and one quarter part of the lead, bullets and flints, be longing to the colony ; and that the following persons be, and 308 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. hereby are, appointed to procure and receive each town's pro portion thereof, to wit : For Newport, Mr. Thomas Freebody ; for Providence, Col. John Mathewson ; for Portsmouth, Metcalfe Bowler, Esq. ; for Warwick, Mr. Samuel Tillinghast ; for Westerly, Mr. Da vid Maxson ; for New Shoreham, the town treasurer for that town ; for North Kingstown, Mr. Benjamin Davis ; for South- Kingstown, William Potter, Esq. ; for East Greenwich, Mr. Gideon Mumford ; for Jamestown, the town treasurer for that town ; for Smithfield, Mr. Arnold Pain ; for Scituate, Col. Ezekiel Cornell ; for Glocester, Jonah Steere, Esq. ; for Charlestown, Mr. Joseph Hoxsie ; for West Greenwich, Mr. Nathaniel Brown ; for Coventry, Mr. James Waterman ; for Exeter, John Chapman, Esq. ; for Middletown, Mr. John Bar ker ; for Bristol, Mr. John Howland ; for Tiverton, Capt. John Cooke ; for Little Compton, Mr. George Wood ; for Warren, Mr. Shubael Burr ; for Cumberland, Mr. John Dex ter ; for Richmond, George Webb, Esq. ; for Cranston, Mr. Peter Burlingame, 3d ; for Hopkinton, Mr. Jesse Maxson ; for Johnston, Edward Fenner, Esq. ; for North Providence, Mr. Joseph Olney ; for Barrington, Mr. Thomas Allen. Whereas, the Company of the Train of Artillery, and the Company of Fuziliers, and other inhabitants of the town of Providence, preferred a petition unto this Assembly, praying that the charter, with the said petition presented, for uniting the said companies into one, may be granted ; that Daniel Til linghast, Esq., may be appointed colonel; Daniel Hitchcock, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; John Crane, Esq., major ; and Levi Hall, captain of the said united company ; and that £40, lawful money, may be granted to the said company, for fur nishing pioneers, to draw the cannon, or field pieces ; and the said petition being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, granted ; and that the sum of £40, therein mentioned, be paid out of the general treasury to, and be under the direction of, the officers of the said company. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 300 An Act for establishing a military company, by the name of the United Company of the Train of Artillery, in the town of Providence. Whereas, the committee appointed to proportion the powder, &c, to the several towns, reported the following proportion to each town, to wit : Report of the Committee appointed to proportion the Powder, $-c, to the several Towns. Lbs. powder. Lbs. lead. Flints. Lbs. powder. Lbs. lead. Flint?. Newport 389 623 2492 Coventry 56 90 360 Providence 14S 237 948 Exeter 60 97 388 Warwick 119 190 760 Middletown 81 130 520 Portsmouth 115 184 738 Bristol 68 108 422 Westerly 69 110 440 Tiverton 89 142 568 New Shoreham 31 49 196 Little Compton 78 125 500 North Kingstown 120 180 480 Wrarren 24 38 152 South Kingstown, 227 372 1488 Cumberland •11 71 2H4 East Greenwich, - 59 95 380 Richmond 44 71 284 Jamestown 50 80 320 Cranston - 83 132 528 Smithfield 121 194 776 Hopkinton 58 9,", 372 Scituate 90 143 572 Johnston - 34 54 216 Glocester 77 123 492 North Providence. , 29 47 188 Charlestown 5 7 91 370 Barrington 26 42 168 West Greenwich - 42 67 268 And the said report being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby isr accepted. It is voted and resolved, that the 11th day of May next, be set apart as a day of fasting, prayer and humiliation ; and that His Honor the Governor, be, and he is hereby, requested to issue a proclamation, accordingly. It is voted and resolved, that the Hon. Samuel Ward, Esq. and William Bradford, Esq., be, and they are hereby, ap pointed a committee, to wait on the General Assembly of the 310 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. colony of Connecticut, to consult with them, upon measures for the common defence of the four New England colonies ; and that they make report to this Assembly, at the next session. It is voted and resolved, that Col. James Angell, Col. John Mathewson and Col. Joseph Nightingale, be, and they, or the major part of them, are hereby, appointed a committee, to take the care and have the direction of all the cannon, powder and all other warlike stores, in the magazine, at Providence ; and to deliver the same out, agreeably to the orders of the General Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that the trustees appointed in the several towns, to receive the powder, lead and flints, be, and they are hereby, authorized to deliver the same out to the captain or commanding officer of each company, in their re spective towns, taking receipts for the quantities so delivered ; and that the captain or commanding officer of each company distribute the same amongst the soldiery, as occasion may re quire ; he keeping a regular account thereof, and holding his company accountable for all such quantities as are not con sumed in the government's service ; which shall not be ac counted for in value, but in the articles themselves. At this very dangerous crisis of American affairs ; at a time when we are surrounded with fleets and armies, which threaten our immediate destruction ; at a time when the fears and anxieties of the people, throw them into the utmost distress, and totally prevent them from attending to the common occu pations of life ; to prevent the mischievous consequences that must necessarily attend such a disordered state, and to restore peace to the minds of the good people of this colony, it appears absolutely necessary to this Assembly, that a number of men be raised and embodied, properly armed and disciplined, to continue in this colony, as an army of observation, to repel any insult or violence that may be offered to the inhabitants. And also, if it be necessary for the safety and preservation of any of the colonies, to march out of this colony, and join and co-operate with the forces of the neighboring colonies. It is therefore voted and resolved, that fifteen hundred men 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 311 be enlisted, raised and embodied, as aforesaid, with all the expedition and dispatch, that the nature of the thing will ad mit of. Protest of Governor Wanton, and others, against the above Resolution. We, the subscribers, professing true allegiance to His Majesty King George the Third, beg leave to dissent from the vote of the House of Magistrates, for enlisting, raising and embodying an army of obesrvation, of fifteeen hundred men, to repel any insult or violence that may be offered to the inhabitants; and also, if it be ne cessary for the safety and preservation of any of the colonies, to march them out of this colony, to join and co-operate with the forces of the neighboring colonies. Because we are of opinion that such a measure will be attended with the most fatal consequences to our charter privileges ; involve the country in all the horrors of a civil war ; and, as we conceive, is an open violation of the oath of allegiance which we have severally taken, upon our admission into the respective offices we now hold in the colony. JOSEPH WANTON, THOMAS WICKES, DARIUS SESSIONS, WILLIAM POTTER. In the Upper House use, •) , 1775. ; Providence, April 25 It is voted and resolved, that all the small arms belonging to the colony, dispersed and being in the several towns, be forth with repaired, and fitted with bayonets, at the charge of the colony. That all such persons who have, at their own expense, so repaired any of the colony arms, upon bringing in their bills, shall be paid therefor, out of the general treasury ; and that the same persons who are appointed to receive each town's proportion of powder, &c, take care to procure said arms to be fitted up. It is voted and resolved, that the military officers throughout the colony, or any other gentlemen who shall be willing, do forthwith enlist fifteen hundred good, effective men, for the service of the colony ; and that each man who shall enlist, shall receive a bounty of $4, and be entitled to the monthly wages of £1 16s. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Nathaniel Greene, be, and he is hereby, appointed in the room ofthe Hon, Samuel Ward, 312 RECORDS OF TnE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. Esq. (who is going to the Continental Congress), to wait on the General Assembly of the colony of Connecticut, to consult upon measures for the common defence of the four New Eng land governments. Inasmuch, as there is a most apparent urgent occasion, that the General Assembly should be holden in some place, other than the town of Newport, at the approaching annual election, for the year 1775 ; — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the General Assem bly, for the election of general officers, and for the transacting such business as may be laid before them, on the first Wednes day in May next, be held at the colony house, in Providence ; and that the secretary publish a copy of this vote in the next Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette. God save the King. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Providence, the first Wednesday of May, 1775. The Hon. Joseph Wanton, Governor. The Hon. Darius Sessions, Deputy Governor. The following officers, declared elected, were duly engaged : The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Deputy Governor. ASSISTANTS. Mr. Samuel Dyre, Mr. James Arnold, Mr. John Collins, Mr. Jonathan Randall, Mr. Ambrose Page, Mr. Peter Phillips, Mr. John Sayles, Jr., Mr. Joseph Hazard, Mr. John Jepson, Mr. Thomas Church, 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 313 Newport. Mr. John Wanton, Providence. Mr. Stephen Hopkins, Mr. John Jenckes, Mr. John Smith, Col. John Matthewson. Portsmouth. Mr. Metcalfe Bowler, Mr. Jonathan Freeborn, Mr. Job Durfee. Warwick. Mr. Jacob Greene, Mr. Thomas Holden, Mr. John Low. Westerly. Mr. Joshua Babcock. North Kingstown. Mr. John Northup, Mr. Sylvester Gardner. South Kingstown. Mr. John Potter, Mr. Carder Hazard. East Greenvnch. Mr. Job Gardner, Mr. Allen Johnson. Smithfield. Mr. Daniel Mo wry, Jr., Mr. Stephen Whipple. Scituate. Mr. Ezekiel Cornell, Mr. Rufus Hopkins* Glocester. Mr. Silas Williams, Mr. Daniel Owen. VOL. vn. 40 DEPUTIES. Charlestown. Mr. Joseph Hoxsie, Mr. Samuel Kinyon. West Greenwich- Mr. William Nichols, Mr. Thomas Gorton. Coventry. Mr. John Rice, Mr. Nathaniel Greene, Jr. Exeter. Mr. George Pierce, Mr. Jeffrey Wilcox. Bristol. Maj. Gen. Simeon Potter, Mr. William Bradford. Tiverton. Capt. John Cooke. Little Compton. Capt. Thomas Brownell, Mr. William Richmond. Warren. Mr. Cromwell Child. Cumberland. Mr. John Dexter, Mr. Jeremiah Whipple. Richmond. Mr. George Webb, Mr. Richard Bailey, Jr. Cranston. Capt. Richard Searle, Mr. William Field. Hopkinton. Capt. Abel Tanner, Mr. Thomas Wells, 3d. 314 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. DEPUTIES. Johnston. Barrington. Mr. Emmor Olney, Col. Nathaniel Martin, Mr. Ebenezer Sprague. Mr. Thomas Allen. North Providence. Mr. Joseph Olney, Major Thomas Olney. The Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, speaker ; Mr. Josias Lyndon, clerk. Mr. Henry Ward, secretary. Mr. Henry Marchant, attorney general. Mr. Joseph Clarke, general treasurer. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., chief justice of the superior court of judicature, court of assize and general jail delivery. SHERIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Mr. Jabez Champlin. Providence county — Mr. Paul Tew. Kings county — Mr. Beriah Brown. Bris tol county — Mr. Richard Smith. Kent county — Mr. Henry Rice. FIELD OFFICERS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. William Bradford, Esq., major general of the forces of this colony. Newport county — Mr. John Malbone, colonel ; Mr. George Champlin, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. John Cooke, major. Providence eounty, first regiment of militia — Mr. James Angell, colonel ; Mr. Jabez Bowen, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. John Innis Clark, major. Second regiment — Mr. Chad Brown, colcnel ; Mr. Elisha Mowrey, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. John Fisk, major. Third regiment — Mr. Christopher Lippitt ; Mr. John Col- well, Jr., lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Joseph Knight, major. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 315 Kings county, first regiment — Mr. Joseph Noyes, colonel ; Mr. Jesse Champlin, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Jesse Maxson, major. Second regiment — Mr. Robert Brown, colonel ; Mr. George Peirce, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Joshua Davis, major. Kent county, first regiment — Mr. John Waterman, colonel ; Mr. John Low, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Joseph Fry, major. Second regiment — Mr. Stephen Potter, colonel ; Mr. Na thaniel Brown, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Archibald Kasson, major. Bristol county — Mr. Nathaniel Martin, colonel ; Mr. Thomas Gray, lieutenant colonel ; Mr. Benjamin Bosworth, major. It is voted and resolved, that the general treasurer remove, with the colony's treasure, to the town of Providence ; and that, for the charge of his removing, together with the extra ordinary trouble he is likely to have in doing the business of the said office, during the present year, he be allowed the sum of £90, lawful money, including his annual salary. Whereas, the secretary hath removed the colony's records, and his office, to the town of Providence, and prayed this Assembly, in case the removal be approved, to order the ex pense thereof to be paid out of the general treasury ; on con sideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the said removal of the colo ny's records, be, and it is hereby, approved ; and that an ac count of the expense thereof, be laid before this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that the Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, Esq., be, and he is hereby, appointed to receive the town of Portsmouth's proportion of the colony's arms, in the room of the town treasurer, whose religious principles will not admit of his receiving the same. It is voted and resolved, that that part of the militia act, obliging the companies to train once in every month, be, and the same is hereby, suspended for three months, from and after the rising of this Assembly. 316 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1775. It is voted and resolved, that Col. James Mitchel Varnum, Col. Daniel Hitchcock and Col. John Mathewson, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to prepare a bill for the regulation of the army, ordered to be raised for the defence of the colony. That they also prepare the form of a commission for the offi cers of the said army ; and that they lay the same before this Assembly. Whereas, the collector of taxes, for the town of South Kingstown, hath refused to serve in the said office ; and the time limited for the payment of the said town's proportion of the last colony's tax is expired, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the general treasurer be, and he is hereby, empowered and directed to issue his warrant to such collector as shall be appointed by the said town, to collect the said tax, with the interest, in as full and ample a manner as though such warrant had been timely granted. It is voted and resolved, that each of the gentlemen ap pointed delegates, to represent this colony in the Continental Congress, to be holden in the city of Philadelphia, on the 10th instant, draw the sum of £60, lawful money, out ofthe general treasury, to bear their expenses. Whereas, Daniel M'Cann, ol Providence, in the county of Providence, tailor, preferred a petition, and represented unto this Assembly, that on the 13th day of September, A. D. 1774, he was committed to His Majesty's jail, in the county, aforesaid, by virtue of a mittimus, signed by the judges of His Majesty's superior court, charging him with felony, in maiming and wounding Joseph Nightingale, Esq., in which jail he hath been confined ever since. That, at the court of assize, held in said county, in March, A. D. 1775, he was indicted, not for the felony he was charged with, in the mittimus, but for a a riot, and was fined £5, and ordered to stand committed, until he should pay the same, to gether with all the charges of prosecution ; and that, by his 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 317 being so long confined, he is reduced to an absolute state of in digence, and rendered utterly incapable of paying the said fine and cost. And thereupon, the said Daniel M'Cann prayed this Assem bly, to give him relief, either by remitting the said fine and cost, or by letting him go at large, whereby, he may be ena bled to earn the money to pay the same ; and the said petition being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be granted, upon condition that the petitioner, with his family, leave this colony immediately, under the conduct of an officer ; and that, if he be found in the colony, after the officer shall leave him, he be re-committed to jail. An Act for embodying, supplying and paying, the army of observation ordered to be raised for the defence of the colony. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority of the same it is enacted, that the fifteen hundred men ordered to be raised by this colony, be formed into one brig ade, under the command of a brigadier general ; and consist of three regiments, each of which shall be commanded by one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, and one major. That there be one adjutant of brigade, or adjutant-major, for such purposes as appertain to that office. That there be one adjutant, one surgeon, one surgeon's mate, and one quartermaster, to each regiment. That each regiment consist of eight companies ; each field officer's company to be commanded, under such field officer, by one captain-lieutenant, one lieutenant and one ensign ; and each of the other companies by one captain, one lieutenant and one ensign ; and that one of the companies be a train of ar tillery, and have the use ofthe colony's field pieces. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that each regiment be placed in the said brigade upon the flanks, and in the center, by rotation, so that a perfect equality in -*ank, be preserved ; and that a similar equality be preserved 318 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. among the field officers of the different regiments, by the briga dier general, in all the duties of a campaign. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that each able bodied, effective man, who shall enlist into the ser vice, and find himself a small arm, bayonet and other accou trements, shall be allowed and paid forty shillings, as a bounty ; and each able bodied, effective man, not finding himself a small arm, bayonet and other accoutrements, shall receive twenty- four shillings, as a bounty. And be it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid, that each officer and soldier shall receive the following monthly wages, while in the service, to wit : £ s. £ S~ Each colonel 15 00 Each adjutant ofa reg " lieutenant colonel, 12 00 iment 5 10 " major 10 00 " surgeon 7 10 The adjutant of brig " surgeon's mate 4 00 ade, or adjutant ma " quartermaster 3 00 jor, - 9 00 " sergeant 2 08 Each captain and cap " corporal 2 04 tain-lieutenant, 6 00 " drummer and fifer 2 04 " lieutenant 4 00 " each private man 40 " ensign 3 00 And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that each field officer be allowed ten shillings per week, and each other officer and soldier, six shillings per week, for billet, while in this colony, after enlistment, and before the regi ments are embodied ; and each soldier shall also have a blanket and knapsack, given him by the colony. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that each officer and soldier be paid his wages, and the weekly billet that shall be due, as soon as may be ; and that one month's wages be paid in advance, before the troops march out ofthe colony. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 319 each soldier be enlisted, by signing the following enlistment, to wit : Form of the Oath of Enlistment. " I, the subscriber, hereby solemnly engage and enlist my self as a soldier in His Majesty's service, and in the pay of the colony of Rhode Island, for the preservation of the liberties of America, from the day of my enlistment, to the last day of De cember next, unless the service admit of a discharge sooner, which shall be at the discretion of the General Assembly ; and I hereby promise to submit myself to all the orders and regula tions of the army, and faithfully to observe and obey all such orders as I shall receive from time to time, from my officers." And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no officer or soldier be arrested, prosecuted, or detained in jail, for any debt, whatsoever, less than £15, lawful money, due to one creditor ; and that every apprentice who shall enlist into the said army, shall be entitled to the whole of the bounty, and one half of his wages ; his master receiving the other half. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that, for supplying the troops with arms, provisions, &c, five hun dred barrels of flour, three hundred barrels of pork, one hun dred barrels of beef, fifteen hundred blankets and knapsacks, and fifteen hundred small arms and bayonets, with suitable ac coutrements, be immediately procured on the colony's account. And, that the said troops may be supplied with clothing and other necessaries, — It is further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that a com missary be appointed, who shall go suttler to the troops, and have one and an half per cent, upon all . the business he shall transact. And such commissary is hereby directed and required to de liver unto the soldiers such things as the colony shall send, for 320 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. the use of the regiments, at the prime cost* including all charges that may accrue thereon. Provided, that the said officer deliver nothing to any soldier, Avithout an order from the captain or commanding officer of the company, for the time being, to which such soldier belongs ; and the officers are hereby restricted and forbid drawing any order or orders on the commissary, exceeding the monthly wages due to the soldier that applies for the same. And it is further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that whoever shall be appointed commissary and sutler, shall give security to the general treasurer, in the penal sum of £2,000, for the faithful performance of his duty ; and shall not carry with him, on his own account, any necessaries of the same kind with those that shall be sent by the government. And as such commissary may want assistance, he is hereby authorized to appoint a deputy or deputies under him ; he be ing accountable for the conduct of his deputies. And for the purposes aforesaid, — Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that a com mittee of safety, be chosen by this Assembly ; one of whom, shall reside in each county, excepting the county of Provi dence, which shall have two, to furnish and pay the officers and soldiers in such county ; and that each committee-man shall give bond, with surety, to the general treasurer, in the sum of =£1,000, lawful money, for the faithful discharge of his trust. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the said committee provide arms, tents, provisions and every other accoutrement, necessary for the army ; and that they be allowed one and an half per cent, for transacting the business. And for supplying the general treasury, — Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the sum of £20,000, lawful money bills, be immediately printed and signed by the Honorable Metcalfe Bowler, Esq., Henry Ward, Joseph Clarke, John Cole and Thomas Greene, Esqs. ; that all bills under five shillings, be signed by one of the com- 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 321 mittee, and all the other bills, by two of the committee ; that the same shall be a lawful tender, in discharge of all contracts, debts, dues and demands, whether of a public or private na ture ; that one-half of the said bills shall be redeemed within two years, and the other half within five years from the time of the emission ; together with the interest thereon accruing, at the rate of two and an half per cent, per annum, by a general tax, to be levied on the inhabitants of this colony ; and that the bills shall be of the following value, to wit ; 2,000 bills, of forty shillings, each - £4,000 4,000 a thirty (< cc - 6,000 4,000 a twenty cc cc 4,000 4,000 cc ten cc cc - 2,000 4,000 c c five cc cc 1,000 4,000 cc four cc cc - 800 4,000 ct three cc cc 600 6,000 cc two cc cc - 600 .0,000 cc one cc Cf 500 8,000 CC nine pence CC - 300 8,000 cc six cc cc _ 200 £20,000 Which bills, shall be of the following form : " The possessor of this bill, shall be paid, by the treasurer ofthe colony of Rhode Island, , lawful money, at the rate qf six shillings and nine pence for one ounce of silver, within five years from the date hereof, with interest at two and an half per cent, per annum, until paid. By order of Assembly. Providence, the M day of May, 1775." And on the said bills, there shall be the same impression and motto as on the lawful money bills, heretofore emitted. It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety be, and they are hereby, appointed to receive the colony's arms, VOL. vn. 41 322 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. and distribute them where they are wanted, amongst the sol diers that shall enlist into the army of observation. That the said committee, or any four of them, be, and they are hereby, appointed and fully empowered, during the recess of the General Assembly, to fill up all vacancies that shall hap pen amongst the officers that shall be appointed by the General Assembly for the said army ; and that they procure all neces saries not particularly mentioned in the act for raising said army. Both houses being joined in a grand committee, chose the following officers, to wit : Names of the Committee qf Safety. For the county of Newport — William Richmond, Esq. For the county of Providence — Mr. John Smith and Daniel Tillinghast, Esq. For the county of Kings county — John Northup, Esq. For the county of Bristol — William Bradford, Esq. For the county of Kent — Mr. Jacob Greene. Names of the Officers of the Army of Observation. Nathaniel Greene, Jr., Esq., brigadier general. Peter Phillips, Esq., commissary. Thomas Church, Esq., colonel ; William Turner Miller, Esq., lieutenant colonel; and John Forrester, Esq., major ofthe regiment of the counties of Newport and Bristol. Daniel Hitchcock, Esq., colonel ; Ezekiel Cornell, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; and Israel Angell, Esq., major of the regi ment ofthe county of Providence. James Mitchell Varnum, Esq., colonel ; James Babcock, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; and Christopher Greene, Esq., major of the regiment of King's county and Kent. John Crane, captain ; and Joseph Balch, captain-lieutenant, of the Train of Artillery. William Ladd, captain-lieutenant ; Nathaniel Church, lieu tenant ; and Cornelius Briggs, ensigu of the colonel's com pany, of the regiment of Newport and Bristol. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 323 Matthew Allen, captain-lieutenant ; James Smith, lieuten ant ; and James Brown, Jr., ensign of the lieutenant colonel's company, of the regiment of Newport and Bristol. John Topham, captain-lieutenant ; George Tenant, lieuten ant ; and Stephen Tripp, ensign, of the major's company, of the regiment of Newport and Bristol. Sion Martindale, captain ; Benjamin DiamOD, lieutenant ; and James Child, 2d, ensign of a company in the regiment of Newport and Bristol. Thomas Tew, captain ; Jonathan Simmons, lieutenant ; and Christopher Bennett, ensign of a company in the regiment of Newport and Bristol. Jonathan Brownell, captain ; Sylvanus Shaw, lieutenant ; and Godfrey Brown, ensign, of a company in the regiment of Newport and Bristol. Benjamin Seabury, captain ; Gilbert Manchester, lieuten ant ; and Israel Church, ensign, of a company in the regiment of Newport and Bristol. Simeon Thayer, captain-lieutenant ; John Spurr, lieuten ant ; and William Potter, ensign, of the colonel's company of the regiment of Providence. Stephen Kimball, captain-lieutenant ; Jonathan Smith, ieutenant ; and George Dorrance, Jr., ensign, of the lieu tenant colonel's company of the regiment of Providence. John Field, captain-lieutenant ; David Richmond, lieu tenant ; and Samuel Black, ensign, ofthe major's company of the regiment of Providence. Andrew Waterman, captain ; William Aldrich, lieutenant ; and David Dexter, Jr., ensign, of a company in the regi ment of Providence. John Angell, captain ; Coggeshall Olney, lieutenant ; and Stephen Olney, ensign, of a company in the regiment of Providence. Christopher Olney, captain; Ephraim Bowen, Jr., lieuten ant ; and Cyprian Sterry, ensign, of a company in the regi ment of Providence. Jeremiah Olney, captain ; Levi Tower, lieutenant ; and 324 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. Nathaniel Field, ensign, of a company in the regiment of Providence. Nathaniel Blackmar, captain ; Samuel Thornton, lieuten ant ; and Abraham Tourtellot, ensign, of a company in the regiment of Providence. Archibald Crary, captain-lieutenant ; and John Singer Dexter, lieutenant, of tho colonel's company of the regiment of Kings county and Kent. John Hoxie, captain-lieutenant; Jonathan Bates, Jr., lieu tenant j and Joseph Holloway, ensign, of the lieutenant colo nel's company of the regiment of Kings county and Kent. Edmund Johnson, captain-lieutenant ; John Reynolds, lieu tenant ; John Holden, son of Charles, ensign, of the major's company of the regiment of Kings county and Kent. Thomas Holden, captain ; Joseph Barton, lieutenant ; and Joseph Arnold, son of Caleb, ensign, of a company in the regiment of Kings county and Kent. Samuel Ward, Jr., captain; Elijah Lewis, lieutenant; and Joshua Collins, ensign, ofa company in the regiment of Kings county and Kent. James Gardner, captain ; Thomas Phillips, lieutenant ; and Samuel Bissell, ensign, of a company in the regiment of Kings county and Kent. Christopher Gardner, Jr., captain ; Nathaniel Hawkins, lieutenant ; and William Potter, son of Ichabod, ensign, of a company in the regiment of Kings county and Kent. John Randall, captain ; Oliver Clarke, lieutenant ; and Ste phen Wells, ensign, of a company in the regiment of Kings county and Kent. It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety in the several counties, be, and they are hereby, appointed muster- masters of the troops now ordered to be raised for their respec tive counties. Whereas, the ministry and Parliament of Great Britain, sacrificing the glory and happiness of their sovereign, and the good of Britain and the colonies, to their own ambitious and 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 325 lucrative views, have entered into many arbitrary, illegal reso lutions, for depriving His Majesty's subjects in America of every security for the enjoyment of life, liberty and property ; and sent, and are still sending, troops and ships of war into these colonies, to enforce their tyrannical mandates ; and have actually begun to shed the blood of the innocent people of these colonies ; in consequence whereof, this Assembly, at the session held on the 22d day of April last, passed an act for raising fif teen hundred men, as an army of observation, and to assist any of our sister colonies. And whereas, the Honorable Joseph Wanton, Esq., then Governor of this colony, did enter a protest against the said act, conceived in such terms as highly to reflect upon the Gen eral Assembly, and upon the united opposition of all America, to the aforesaid tyrannical measures. And whereas, the said Joseph Wanton, Esq., hath neglected to issue a proclamation for the due observation of Thursday, the 11th of May, instant, as a day of fasting and prayer, agree ably to an act passed at the said session. And whereas, the said Joseph Wanton, Esq., hath been elected to the office of Governor of this colony, for the present year, and been duly notified thereof, by this Assembly ; not withstanding which, he hath not attended at this General As sembly, and taken the oath required by law. And whereas, the said Joseph Wanton, Esq., hath positively refused to sign the commissions for the officers appointed to command the troops so ordered to be raised ; by all which, he hath manifested his intentions to defeat the good people of these colonies, in their present glorious struggle to transmit inviolate to posterity, those sacred rights they have received from their ancestors. Be it therefore enacted by this General Assembly, and by the authority thereof it is enacted, that the Deputy Governor and assistants be, and they are hereby, forbidden to administer the oath of office to the said Joseph Wanton, Esq., unless in free and open General Assembly, according to the unvaried 326 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. practice in this colony, and with the consent of such Assem bly , that until the said Joseph Wanton, Esq., shall have taken the oath of office, as aforesaid, it shall not be lawful for him to act as Governor of this colony, in any case, whatever ; and that every act done by him, in the pretended capacity of Governor, shall be null and void in itself ; and shall not ope rate as a warrant or discharge to any person acting by his or ders, or under his authority.* And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that Henry Ward, Esq., secretary of the colony, be, and he is hereby, directed, and fully authorized and empowered, to sign the commissions for all officers, civil and military, chosen by this Assembly, as well those going in the service, abovesaid, as others ; he receiving therefor, out of the general treasury, two shillings and eight pence, for each commission. And that such commission, so signed, with the colony seal affixed, shall be as full and effectual warrant and warrants to every and all such officer and officers so chosen, for the faithful discharge of his and their duty, as if the same were signed by a Governor of this colony, duly elected and engaged, according to law ; any law, custom or usage, to the contrary, hereof, in any wise, notwithstanding. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that His Honor the Deputy Governor, be requested, and fully au thorized and empowered, to call the General Assembly to gether, upon any emergency, to meet at such time and place as he shall think most for the interest of the colony. Whereas, the Hon. Joseph Wanton, Esq., who is elected Governor of this colony, for the present year, hath not attended this Assembly, and taken the oath of office, and cannot there fore appoint a naval officer, until he shall be sworn in before the General Assembly ; — Be it therefore enacted by this General Assembly, and by the authority thereof it is enacted, that the naval office be kept by James Clarke, Esq., who hath for some time past kept it, * See documents printed at the close ofthe proceedings of this session. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 327 until further orders from this Assembly ; and that he account to this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety be, and they are hereby, directed to make out the account of the expenses of raising and equipping the fifteen hundred men or dered to be raised by this colony, as an army of observation, and for the assistance of any of the neighboring colonies, as soon as the said troops are fully equipped, and transmit the same to the delegates of this colony, at the Continental Congress, to be by them laid before the Congress ; that the colonies which have not been, or shall not be, at a proportionate expense, in the defence of our common rights, may contribute their proportion towards reimbursing this colony such part of the expenses of raising and equipping the said fifteen hundred men, as shall be more than this colony's proportion towards the common defence. It is voted and resolved, that the sheriff of the county of Newport, be, and he is hereby, directed to deliver to William Richmond, Esq., who is one of the committee of safety for the said county, all the colony arms, pistols, cutlasses, &c, which are in the town of Newport. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. John Carter be, and he is hereby, empdjvered to receive of the general treasurer, the plates, escutcheons and other ornaments, for printing bills of credit ; that he draw money out of the general treasury, for purchasing paper for that purpose. And that David Wilkinson, Esq., and Mr. Ebenezer Thomp son, be appointed, one or the other of them, to attend the press continually, during the time the bills are printing. Be it enacted by 'this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that the lieutenant general, briga dier general, and the committee of safety, be, aud they, or the major part of them, are hereby fully authorized and empow ered, to order and direct when and in what manner the forces, or any part thereof, shall march out of this colony, to the as sistance of any colony in distress. It is voted and resolved, that the brigadier general draw up 328 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. the several regiments to be raised in this colony, either singly or together ; and that the captains of the several companies, not belonging to the field officers, thereof, shall draw lots for their places and stations in the regiments, aforesaid. It is voted and resolved, that the form of a commission to a colonel of a regiment, in the army of observation, now laid be fore this Assembly, be, and the same is hereby, approved ; and that similar commissions, mutatis mutandis, be issued to the other officers of said army. It is voted and resolved, that the speaker of the lower House be, and he is hereby, requested to transmit to the speaker of the House of Assembly of the colony of Connecticut, and to the committee of inspection for the city of New York, copies of the proceedings of this Assembly, relative to the present disputes between Great Britain and the colonies. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that any military officer, commis sioned to command any part of the army of observation, be re moved for any misbehavior, or neglect of duty ; and another appointed in his stead, by a general court martial, to be holden for that purpose. It is voted and resolved, that Joshua Babcock, Esq., be re quested to carry the proceedings of this General Assembly, re specting the raising an army of observation, &c, to the Gen eral Assembly of the colony of Connecticut ; and to request of them to transmit to this Assembly their proceedings and trans actions, relative to the present alarming crisis of affairs. It is voted and resolved, that the following monthly wages shall be allowed and paid, unto the following respective officers and men, in the army of observation ; that is to say : £ s. d. To the brigadier general, in the Train of Artillery, 20 00 0 « captain - - - - _ . 9 00 0 " captain-lieutenant - - - - -7 04 0 " first lieutenant - 5 08 0 f( second lieutenant - - - - -3 12 0 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 329 £ S. d. To the lieutenant fire-worker - • - - 3 12 0 " two bombardiers, each - - 2 14 0 " two sergeants, each - - - - 2 08 0 " four gunners, each - - - - 2 06 0 " privates and fifers - - - - 2 04 0 This Assembly do vote and resolve, that an embargo be set on all provisions going out of this colony, excepting what shall be necessary for victualing vessels sailing out of this colony, and for the use of the army ; and that this act be in force immediately. God save the King. Address of both Houses of Parliament, to the King, February 7, 1775. Most gracious sovereign : — We, Your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the ***•¦- * * * «• * •» Commons, in Parliament assembled, return Your Majesty our most humble thanks for having been graciously pleased to com municate to us, the several papers relating to the present state of the British colo nies in America, which, by Your Majesty's commands, have been laid before us. We have taken them into our most serious consideration ; and we find that a part of Y^our Majesty's subjects, in the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, have pro ceeded so far to resist the authority of the supreme legislature, that a rebellion at this time, actually exists within the said Province ; and we see, with the utmost concern, that they have been countenanced and encouraged by unlawful combina tions and engagements entered into by Yrour Majesty's subjects in several of the other colonies, to the injury and oppression of many of their innocent fellow sub jects, resident within the kingdom of Great Britain, and the rest of Your Majesty's dominions. This conduct, on their part, appears to us the more inexcusable, when we consider with how much temper Your Majesty and the two Houses of Parliament have acted in support ofthe laws and constitution of Great Britain. We can never so far desert the trust reposed in us, as to relinquish any part of the sovereign authority over all Your Majesty's dominions, which, by law, is vested in Your Majesty and the two Houses of Parliament ; and the conduct of many per sons in several of the colonies, during the late disturbances, is alone sufficient to con vince us how necessary this power is, for the protection of the lives and fortunes of all Your Majesty's subjects. We have, ever been, and always shall be, ready to pay attention and regard to any real grievances of any of Your Majesty's subjects which shall, in a dutiful and constitutional manner, be laid before us ; and whenever any of the colonies shall make a proper application to us, we shall be ready to afford them every just and 'reasonable indulgence. vol. vii. 42 330 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. At the same time, we consider it as our indispensable duty, humbly to beseech Your Majesty, that you will take the most effectual measures to enforce due obedi ence to the laws and authority ofthe supreme legislature; and we beg leave, in the most solemn manner, to as.-ure Your Majesty, that it is our fixed resolution, at the hazard of our lives and properties, to stand by Your Majesty against all rebellious attempts in the maintenance of the just rights of Your Majesty, and the two Houses of Parliament. The King's Answer to the Address. My Lords and Gentlemen : — I thank you for this very dutiful and loyal address, and for the affectionate and solemn assurances you give me of your support in main. taming the just rights of my crown, and of the two Houses of Parliament; and you may depend on my taking the most speedy and effectual measures for enforcing due obedience to the laws and the authority ofthe supreme legislature. Wlignever any of my colonies shall make a proper and dutiful application, I shall be ready to concur with you in affording them every just and reasonable indulgence ; and it is my ardent wish that this disposition may have a happy effect on the temper and conduct of my subjects in America. Resolution ofthe House qf Commons, February 27, 1775. Resolved, that it is the opinion of this committee, that when the governor, council, and assembly, or general court, of an}' of His Majesty's provinces or colonies, in America, shall propose to make provision, according to the condition, circumstances and situation of such province or colony, for contributing their proportion to the common 'defence (such proportion to be raised under the authoritv of the i»eneral court, or general assembly of such province or colony, and disposable bv Parlia ment), and shall engage to make provision also for the support of the civil Govern ment, and the administration of justice, in such province or colonv, it will be proper if such proposal shall be approved by His Majesty and the two Houses of Parlia ment ; and for so long as such provision shall be made accordingly, to forbear, in re spect of such province or colony, to levy any duty, tax, or assessment, or to impose any further duty, tax, or assessment, except only such duties as may be expedient to continue to levy or to impose for the regulation of commerce ; the nett pro duce of the duties last mentioned, to be carried to the account of such province or colony, respectively. The Earl of Dartmouth to the Governor and Company of Rhode Island. Circular.] Whitehall, 3d March, 1775. Gentlemen: — You will have seen in the King's answer to the joint address of both Houses of Parliament on the 7th of February (which address and answer, have al ready been transmitted to you), how much attention His Majesty was graciously pleased to give to the assurance held out in that address, of the readiness of Parlia ment to afford every just and reasonable indulgence to the colonies, whenever thev 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 331 should make a proper application on the ground of any real grievance they might have to complain of; and therefore, I have the less occasion now to enlarge upon the satisfaction it hath given His Majesty to see that address followed by the en closed resolution of the House of Commons ; which, whatever may be the effect of it (I trust a happy one), will for ever remain an evidence of their justice and modera tion ; and manifest the temper which has accompanied their deliberations upon that question, which has been the source of so much disquiet to His Majesty's subjects in America, and the pretence for acts of such criminal disorder and disobedience. His Majesty, ardently wishing to see a reconciliation of the unhappy differences which have produced those disorders, by every means through which it may be ob tained, without prejudice to the just authority of Parliament, which His Majesty will never suffer to be violated, approves the resolution of his faithful Commons, and commands me to transmit it to you, not doubting that this happy disposition to com ply with every just and reasonable wish of the King's subjects in America, will meet with such a return of duty and affection on their part, as will lead to a happy issue ofthe present disputes, and to a re-establishment of the public tranquility on those grounds of equity, justice and moderation which this resolution holds forth. The King has the greater satisfaction in this resolution, and the greater confi dence in the good effects of it, from having seen, that, amidst all the, intemperance into which a people, jealous of liberties, have been unfortunately misled, they have nevertheless avowed the justice, and the propriety of subjects of the same state, con tributing according to their abilities and situation, to the public burthens ; and I think I am warranted in saying, that this resolution holds no proposition beyond that. I am unwilling to suppose that any of the King's subjects in the colonies, can have so far forgotten the benefits they have received from the parent state, as not to acknowledge that it is to her support, held forth at the expense of her blood and treasure, that they principally owe that security which has raised them to their pre sent state of opulence and importance. In this situation, therefore, justice requires tbat they should in return contribute according to their respective abilities to the common defence ; and their own welfare and interest demand that their civil establishment should be supported with a be coming dignity. It has been the care, and I am persuaded it is the firm determination, of Parlia ment, to see that both these ends are answered ; and their wisdom and moderation have suggested tbe propriety of leaving to each colony to judge of the ways and means of making due provision for those purposes ; reserving to themselves a discre tionary power of approving or disapproving what shall bo offered. The resolution neither points out what the civil establishment should be, nor de mands any specific sum, in aid of the public burthens ; in both these respects, it leaves full scope for that justice and liberality, which may be expected from colo nies, that, under all their prejudices have never been wanting in expressions of an affectionate attachment to the mother country, and a zealous regard for the general welfare of the British empire. And therefore, the King trusts that the provision they will engage to make for the support of the civil government, will be adequate to the rank and station of every necessary officer ; and that the sum to be given in contribution to the common de fence, will be offered on such terms, and proposed in such a way, as to increase or diminish, according as the public burthens of this kingdom are, from time to time, augmented or reduced, in so far as those burthens consist of taxes and duties, which are not a security for the national debt. 332 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. By such a mode of contribution, the colonies will have full security that they can never be required to tax themselves without Parliament's taxing the subjects of this kingdom in a far greater proportion. And there can be no doubt that any proposition of this nature, made by any of the colonics, and accompanied with such a statement of their facilities and abilities as may evince the equity of the proposal, will be received with every possible indul gence ; provided, it be at the same time unaccompanied with any declarations, and unmixed with any claims which will make it impossible for the King, consistent with his own dignity, or for Parliament, consistent with their constitutional rights, to re ceive it. But I will not suppose that any ofthe colonies will, after this example of the tem per and moderation of Parliament, adopt such a conduct. On the contrary, I will cherish the pleasing hope, that the public peace will be restored, and that the colo nies, forgetting all other trivial and groundless complaints, which ill humor hath produced, will enter into the consideration of the resolution of the House of Com mons, with that calmness and deliberation which the importance of it demands; and with that good will and inclination to a reconciliation, which are due to the candor and justice with which Parliament has taken up this business, and at once declared to the colonies what will be ultimately expected from them. I have already said that the King entirely approves the resolution of the House of Commons ; and His Majesty commands me to say, that a compliance therewith, by the General Assembly of Rhode Island, will be most graciously considered by His Majesty, not only as a testimony of their reverence for Parhament ; but also, as a mark of their duty and attachment to their sovereign, who has no object nearer to his heart, than the peace and prosperity of his subjects in every part of his dominions. At the same time, His Majesty considers himself as bound by every tie, to exert those means the constitution has placed in his hands, for preserving that constitution entire, and to resist with firmness every attempt to violate the rights of Parliament, to distress and obstruct the lawful commerce of his subjects ; and to encourage in the colonies ideas of independence, inconsistent with their connection with this kingdom. I am, sir, your most obedient, humble servant, DARTMOUTH. To the Governor and Company of Rhode Island. Message of Governor Wanton to the General Assembly of Rhode Island. Newport, May 2d, 17 75. To the General Assembly of the English colony of Rhode Island, &c, to be holden at Providence, within and for said colony, on the third Wednesday in May, 1775 : Gentlemen : — As indisposition prevents my meeting you in General Assembly, that candor which I have so often experienced from the representatives of the free men of this colony, encourages me to hope that you will excuse my personal attend ance at this session. Since the last session of the General Assembly, at Providence, I have had the honor of receiving a letter from the Earl of Dartmouth, one of His Majesty's princi- al secretaries of state, dated Whitehall, the 3d March, 1775, enclosing the resolu- 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 333 tion ofthe House of Commons, respecting the provision which they expect each colony or province, in America, to make for the common defence ; and also for the support of the civil government, and the administration of justice in such colony both which, I have directed to be laid before you ; and also a letter from the com mittee of the provincial congress, which are all the public letters I have received during the recess. As the dispute between Great Britain and the colonies, is now brought to a most alarming, dangerous crisis, and this once happy country threatened with all the horrors and calamities ofa civil war, I consider myself bound by every tie of duty and affection, as well as from an ardent desire to see a union between Britain and her colonies, established upon an equitable, permanent basis, to entreat you to enter into the consideration of the resolution of the House of Commons; and also His Lordship's letter, which accompanied that resolution, with that temper, calmness and deliberation which the importance of them demands; and with that inclination to a reconciliation with the parent state, which will recommend your proceedings to His Majesty and both Houses of Parliament. The prosperity and happiness of this colon}-, is founded in its connexion with Great Britain ; " for if once we are separated, where shall we find another Britain to supply our loss V Torn from the body to which we arc united by religion, liberty, laws and commerce, we must bleed at every vein.'' Your charter privileges are of too much importance to be forfeited; you wil, therefore duly consider the interesting matters now before you with the most atten tive caution, and let me entreat you not to suffer your proceedings for accommodat ing those disputes, which have already too long subsisted between both countries, to have the least appearance of anger or resentment ; but that a kind, respectful be havior towards His Majesty and both Houses of Parliament, accompany all your deliberations. I shall always be ready to join with you, iu every measure which will secure the full possession of our invaluable charter privileges to the latest posterity, and pre serve the good people of this colony from that ruin and destruction, which, in my opinion, some of the orders of the late Assembly, must invariably involve them in if they are not speedily repealed ; for besides the fatal consequences of levying war against the King, the immense load of debt that will be incurred, if tbe late resolu tions for raising an army of observation of fifteen hundred men within this colony, be carried into execution, will be insupportable, and must unavoidably bring on universal bankruptcy throughout this colony. If I have the honor of being re-elected, I shall, as I ever have done, cheerfully unite with you in every proceeding (which may be consistent with that duty and allegi- giance which I owe to the King and the British constitution), for increasing the welfare and happiness of this government. I am, with great respect, and esteem, gentlemen, Your most humble servant, J. WANTON. To the General Assembly. 334 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. Metcalfe Bowler, Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island, to Governor Wanton. Providence, May 3d, 1775. Sir : — -I am requested by the General Assembly, to inform Your Honor that you are, by the general election, held here this day, chosen Governor of the colony ; and to desire you would return them an immediate answer whether you will accept of the office of Governor ofthe colony or not; and if you accept, you would be pleased to attend the Assembly, as soon as possible. This you will receive per Mr. Tears, who is dispatched express for Your Honor's answer. I am, with due regard, Your Honor's, &c., METCALFE BOWLER, Speaker. To the Hon. Joseph Wanton, Esq. Governor Wanton to Metcalfe Bowler, Speaker qf the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Newport, 4th May, 1775. Sir : — I received your favor by Mr. Tears ; and in answer thereto, say : that the honor done me, by the freemen of the colony, in re-electing me their chief magis trate, I shall accept of, as I wrote the Asssembly of the 2d instant ; but cannot pos sibly attend this session, on account of my indisposition, unless should be better than at present. I am, with regards to the gentlemen of the Assembly, theirs, and — Your friend, and humble servant, J. WANTON. To the Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, Esq. Metcalfe Bowler, Speaker of the House of Representatives of Rhode Island, to Governor Wanton. Providence, May the 5th, 1775. Sir : — I am requested by the General Assembly, to transmit to Your Honor, tbe form of a blank commission, proposed to be given to the commissioned officers of the troops that are already voted to be raised by this colony, as an army of observa tion, and request Your Honor's immediate answer whether Your Honor will sign, as commander in chief of this colony, such commissions, when they are presented to Your Honor, for that purpose ? This is sent express, per Mr. Tears, who is ordered to return immediately with Your Honor's answer ; as this Assembly does not propose to rise before the return of this express. I am, with regard, Your Honor's most obedient servant, METCALFE BOWLER, Speaker. To the Hon. Joseph W'anton, Esq. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 335 Governor Wanton, to Metcalfe Bowler, Speaker of the House of Representatives, of Rhode Island. Newport, 5th May, 1775. Sir : — In answer to your favor of this date, requesting to know whether I would sign, as commander in chief of this colony, the commissions of the officers of the army about to be raised, say : that I cannot comply with it ; having heretofore pro tested against the vote for raising men, as a measure inconsistent with my duty to the King, and repugnant to the true and real interest of this government. I am, with regards to the gentlemen ofthe Assembly, theirs, and — Your friend, and humble servant, J. WANTON. To the Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, Esq. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at East Green wich, on the second Monday in June, 1775. The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Deputy Governor. Whereas, Job Randall, Stephen Hopkins and Charles Har ris, Esqs, who were appointed a committee to revise the road called Plainfield Road, presented unto this Assembly, a plan ofthe said road, as revised by them, and the following report, to wit : Report qf the Committee, appointed by the General Assembly, relative to the Plainfield Road. In pursuance of our appointment, by the General Assembly, we have revised the road, called Plainfield Road, from a black birch pole, in Bennett's Brook, near Jonathan Olney's, to the Seven Mile Line, or to Scituate east boundary ; and do pre sent this as a plan, thereof. JOB RANDALL, STEPHEN HOPKINS, Providence, Dec. 10, 1774. CHARLES HARRIS. 336 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND. [1775. And the said report being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, accepted. This Assembly, at the session held at Providence, on the first Wednesday in May last, having passed an act prohibiting His Honor the Deputy Governor, and assistants, from admin istering the oath of office to the Honorable Joseph Wanton, Esq. , who was elected Governor of this colony, for the present year ; and declaring all acts by him done in the pretended ca pacity of Governor, null and void, until he shall be engaged in open General Assembly, and with the consent of the General Asembly, &c ; and the said Joseph Wanton having appeared before this Assembly, and demanded that the oath of office be administered to him ; and this General Assembly having taken the same into consideration, — Do vote and resolve, and it is voted and resolved, that the said Joseph Wanton hath not given satisfaction to this Assem bly ; that the said recited act, passed at the last session, con tinue and be in force until the rising of the General Assembly at the next session ; and that this act be immediately pub lished, by inserting a copy, thereof, in the Newport Mercury, and Providence Gazette.* * Governor Wanton to the General Assembly of Rhode Island. East Greenwich, June 13th, 1775. Gentlemen: — The charter of this colony, granted by His Majesty King Charles the Second, expressly ordains, "that all and every Governor, elected and chosen by virtue of that charter, shall give his engagement before two or more of the assistants of the colony, for the time beiug ;" notwithstanding which, I observe, by an act ofi'ours, passed at the ses sion, at Providence, on the first Wednesday in May, and published in the Newport Mercury, you have thought fit to forbid the Deputy Governor or assistants to administer the oath of office to me, until I appear in open Assembly ; and even then, not without your consent. As I had the honor of being chosen Governor of this colony at the election held at Provi dence, on the first Wednesday in May ; but through indisposition could not attend at that session, I now appear, in order to take tbe oath of office prescribed bylaw, and request that you would give the necessary directions for the due administering of the same. As you have been pleased to arraign my administration, by charging me with manifest ing an intention to defeat these colonies in their struggles for the preservation of their rights, I shall here take the freedom to answer the several allegations you have exhibited against me, with as much conciseness as possible. I have ever considered it as the distinguishing privilege of an Englishman, to give his opinion upop any public transaction, wherein the welfare and happiness of the community 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 337 An Act for dividing the First Company of Trained Bands in Scituate, in the County of Providence, into two. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor be, and he is hereby, requested to write to James Wal lace, Esq., commander of His Majesty's ship Rose, now in the harbor of Newport, and demand of him the reason of his con duct towards the inhabitants of this colony, in stopping and de- to which he belonged, was immediately concerned, without incurring a public censure therefor. Upon this principle, I presumed to exercise the right of private judgment, when I pro tested against the vote for raising troops within this colony ; for I conscientiously believed it was a measure replete with the most injurious consequences to the good people of this government ; and therefore, from an anxious concern for their happiness, bore my public testimony against it. I cannot conceive that in so doing, I have been guilty of any misde meanor, and consequently not reprehensible for that, which ought only be considered by those ofa different sentiment, as an error in judgment. As to the second allegation, for not issuing a proclamation for the due observance of the 11th of May, as a day of fasting and prayer throughout the colony, I shall only observe that the proclamation was begun and would have been published and sent into the colony, on Monday, the 8th of May, had vou not, by your own vote, on the 7th, divested me of that power which might have been thought necessary for enjoining the due observation thereof I had no design to counteract your intentions in that matter ; for in a time of such universal distress, it is mv opinion, we cannot act u. more proper and rational part, than confessing our manifold sins before Almighty God, and deprecating his judgments. The third allegation, you have thought proper to adduce against me, of non-attendance at the session, in Providence, is without the least colorable pretext, after having twice in formed you, during that session, that indisposition prevented my attending; I again con firm it, and am extremely sorry to find, by any of your proceedings, it should be doubted. To the fourth allegation, you have been pleased to exhibit against me, of not signing the commissions for the officers appointed to command the troops to be raised by this colony, the following observation, I imagine, if considered with candor, will be a sufficient justifi cation of my conduct, in that affair. The vote for raising of men, upon very mature deliberation, I had considered, as a mea sure pregnant with the most fatal consequences to the good people of this colony; upon that principle, I protested against the vote ; it would, therefore, have bean highly improper in me to have given commissions for the execution ofa measure, which, in my opinion, was subversive ofthe true interest of this government. Upon the strictest examination into my past administration, I cannpt impeach myself with the least intention of having designedly executed any measure, which might prove detrimental to the rights of this colony. I am closely united to the inhabitants, by every endearing tie ; and their happiness I con sider as inseparably connected with mine ; I shall therefore, whether in public or pri vate life, constantly pursue such a line of conduct, as, in my opinion, will have a tendency to increase the reputation and felicity of every part of this once happy colony. I am, gentlemen, your sincere friend and humble servant, J. WANTON. To the Hon. the General Assembly of Rhode Island, 4c., ( now sitting at East Greenwich. J vol. vii. 43 338 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. taining their vessels ; and also to demand of him the packets which he detains.* Whereas, Mr. John Carter exhibited unto this Assembly, an account, by him charged against the colony, for printing fifty-eight thousand lawful money bills, one thousand six hun dred inlistments for the army of observation, the proceedings * The Deputy Governor of Rhode Island, to Capt. James Wallace, Commander of His Majesty's Ship Rose. East Greenwich, June 14th, 1775. Sir : — Long have the good people of this colony been oppressed by jour conduct, in in terrupting their lawful trade, and preventing the importation of the provisions necessary for their subsistence. The acts of the British Parliament, already filled with restrictions of trade, oppressive in the highest degree, seem by you, to be thought too lenient. Not controlled by those you affect to call your masters, you have detained the persons and taken away the properties of His Majesty's American subjects, without any warrant from the acts of trade ; by which, you have greatly impeded the intercourse between this and the other colonies, as well as between the different parts of this colony. The inhabitants, ex pecting the interposition of the lawful authority ofthe colony, have borne these outrages with a patience almost criminal. The Legislature have heard their complaints, and in consequence of an act passed by the General Assembly this day, I demand of you the reason of your conduct towards the inhab itants of this colony, in stopping and detaining their vessels. And I also demand of youi that you immediately restore the two packets, belonging to some inhabitants ofthe town of Providence ; and all other vessels belonging to the inhabitants, of this colony which you have taken and uDJustly detained. So long as you remain in the colony, and demean yourself as becomes your office, you may depend upon the protection of the laws, and every assistance for promoting the public service, in my power. And you may also be assured that tbe whole power of this colony will be exerted to secure the persons and properties of the inhabitants against every lawless invader. An immediate answer is requested to this letter. I am, sir, your most humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To Capt. James Wallace. Capt. James Wallace, of His Majesty's Ship Rose, to the Deputy Governor of Rhode Island. His Majesty's Ship Rose, j Rhode Island, June 15, 1775. f Sir : — I have received your letter ofthe 14th inst. ; although I am unacquainted with you, or what stction you act in ; suppose you write in behalf of some body of people ; therefore, previous to my giving an answer, I must desire to know whether or net, you, or the people on whose behalf you write, are not in open rebellion to your lawful sovereign, and the acts of the British legislature ! I am, sir your most humble and most obedient servant, JAS. WALLACE. To Nicholas Cooke, Esq. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 339 ings of this Assembly, at the sessions in April and May last, &c ; and the said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that £59 Ios. 5d., lawful money, being the amount thereof, be paid the said John Carter, out of the gen eral treasury. It is voted and resolved, that no soldier belonging to the ar my of observation, raised by this colony, be allowed to take up ofthe commissary any more than one-third part of his monthly wages for his own use ; and that whatever more the commis sary shall supply or pay to the soldiers, shall be at his own risk. An Act dividing the Company of Militia, in the town of John ston, into two companies. It is voted and resolved, that the allowance to the soldiers in camp, be as followeth to wit : One pound of bread, one pound of beef or pork, a half penny for vegtables, half a gill of rice, one pint of milk, one quart of beer per day, and one pint of molasses, per week. That once a week, instead of meat, they have a pound of fish, an ounce of butter and half a pint of vinegar ; that if they have no milk, they be allowed a gill and an half of rice per day ; that if the half penny per day, for vegetables, be not sufficient, the brigadier general be empowered to increase the same to a sufficient allowance ; and that the commissary furnish them with the same quantity of soap as is allowed by the colo ny ofthe Massachusetts Bay, to their troops. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. William Blodget be, and he is hereby, appointed secretary to the army of observation raised by this colony ; and that he be allowed the wages of £i 10s., lawful money, per month. It is voted and resolved, that the following rules and orders, for regulating the army of observation, raised by this colony, be, and they are hereby, approved ; and that the secretary 340 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. procure the same to be printed, and supply the brigadier gen eral, each field officer, the commissary and each commissioned officer, with a copy thereof. Rules and Orders ofthe Army of Observation, ofthe Colony of Rhode Island. Whereas, the lust of power, which of old oppressed, persecuted and exiled our pious and virtuous ancestors, from their fair possessions in Britain, now pursues, with tenfold severity, us, their guiltless children, who are unjustly and wickedly charged with hcentiousness, sedition, treason and rebellion ; and being deeply impressed with a sense ofthe almost incredible fatigues and hardships our venerable progenitors en countered, who fled from oppression for the sake of civil and religious liberty for themselves and their offspring, and began a settlement here on bare creation, at their own expense. And having seriously considered the duty we owe to God, to the memory of such invincible worthies, to the King, to Great Britain, our country, ourselves and pos terity, do think it an indispensable duty, by all lawful ways and means in our power, to recover, maintain, defend and preserve, the free exercise of all those civil and religious rights and liberties, for which many of our forefathers fought, bled and died ; and to hand them down entire, for the free enjoyment ofthe latest posterity. And whereas, the keeping a standing army in any of these colonies, in times of peace, without the consent of the legislature of that colony, in which such an army is kept, is against law. And whereas, such an army, with a large naval force, is now placed in the harbor of Boston, for the purpose of subjecting us to the power of the British Parliament. And whereas, we are frequently told by the tools ofthe administration, dupes to min isterial usurpation, that Great Britain will not, in any degree, relax in her measures, until we acknowledge her " right to make laws binding upon us, in all cases, what soever ;" and that if we refuse to be slaves ; if we persist in our denial of her claim, the dispute must be decided by arms, in which it is said by our enemies, " we shall have no chance, being undisciplined, cowards, disobedient, impatient of command, and possessed of that spirit of levelling, which admits of no order, subordination, rule or government." And whereas, from the ministerial army and fleet now at Boston, the large rein forcement of troops expected, the late circular letters to the governors upon the continent, the general tenor of intelligence from Great Britain, and the hostile pre parations making here ; as also from the threats and frequent insults of our enemies, we have reason to apprehend that the sudden destruction of this colony is in contem plation, if not determined upon. And whereas, the great law of self preservation hath required our raising and keeping an army of observation and defence, in order to prevent or repel any far ther attempts to enforce the late cruel and oppressive acts of the British Parlia ment, which are evidently designed to subject us, and the whole continent, to the most ignominious slavery. And whereas, in keeping such an army, it will be necessary that the officers and soldiers in the same, be fully acquainted with their duty ; and that the articles, rules, 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS, 341 and regulations thereof, be made as plain as possible ; and having great confidence n the honor and public virtue of the inhabitants of this colon}', that they wil' readily obey their officers, and will cheerfully do their duty, when known, without any Such severe articles and rules (except in capital cases), and cruel punishments, as are usually practised in standing armies, and will submit to all such rules and regulations as are founded in reason, honor and virtue. It is therefore resolved, that the following articles, rules and regulations, for the army , raised by this colon}', for the defence and security of our lives, hberties and estates, be, and hereby are, established, and required to be strictly adhered to, by all offi cers, soldiers and others concerned, as they regard their own honor, and the public good ; and upon the penalties and forfeitures hereinafter mentioned. Article 1. All officers and soldiers, not having just impediment, shall diligently frequent divine service and sermon, in the places appointed for assembling of the regiment, troop, or company, to which they belong; and such as wilfully absent themselves, or being present, behave indecently or irreverently, shall, if commis sioned officers, be brought before a regimental court martial, there to be publicly and severely reprimanded by the president ; if non-commissioned officers or sol diers, every person so offending, shall, for his first offence, forfeit one. shilling, to be deducted out of his wages ; for the second offence, he shall not only forfeit one shil ling, but be confined, not exceeding twenty-four hours ; and for every like offence, shall suffer and pay in like manner ; which money, so forfeited, shall be applied to the use of the sick soldiers of the troop or company to which the offender belongs. Art. 2. Whatsoever non-commissioned officer, or soldier, shall use any unlawful oath or execration, shall incur the penalty of six pence ; and if a commissioned officer be thus guilty of profane cursing and swearing, he shall forfeit and pay for each and every such offence, the sum of nine pence, lawful money. Art. 3. Any officer or soldier, who shall behave himself with contempt or disre spect towards the general or generals, or commander in chief of the Rhode Island forces, ot shall speak words tending to his or their hurt or dishonor, shall be pun ished according to the nature of his offence, by the judgment of a general court martial. Art. 4. Any officer or soldier, who shall begin, excite, cause, or join in any mutiny or sedition, in the regiment, troop, or company, to which he belongs, or in any other reoiment, troop, or company, of the Rhode Island forces, either by land or sea, or in any party, post, detachment, or guard, on any pretence, whatsoever, shall suffer such punishment as by a general court martial shall be ordered. Art. 5. Any officer, non-commissioned officer, or soldier, who being present at any mutiny, or sedition, does not use his utmost endeavors to suppress the same ; or coming to the knowledge of any mutiny, or intended mutiny, does not, without delay, give information thereof, to the commanding officer, shall be punished by order of a a general court martial, according to the nature of his offence. Art. 6. Any officer or soldier, who shall strike his superior officer, or draw, or offer to draw, or shall lift up any weapon, or offer any violence against him, being in the execution of his office, on any pretence, whatsoever, or shall disobey any lawful com mands of his superior officer, shall suffer such punishment as shall, according to the nature of his offence, be ordered by the sentence of a general court martial. Art. 7. Any non-commissioned officer, or soldier, who shall desert, or without leave of his commanding officer, absent himself from the troop or company to which 342 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1775. he belongs, or from any detachment of the same, shall, upon being convicted thereof, be punished according to the nature of his offence, at the discretion of a general court martial. Art. 8. Whatsoever officer or soldier, shall be convicted of having advised or persuaded any other officer or soldier to desert, shall suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a general Court martial. Art. 9. All officers, of what condition soever, shall have power to part and quell all quarrels, frays, and disorders, though the persons concerned should belong to an other regiment, troop, or company, and either order officers to be arrested, or non commissioned officers or soldiers to be confined and imprisoned, till their proper su perior officers shall be acquainted therewith ; and whoever shall refuse to obey such officer (though of an inferior rank), or shall draw his sword upon him, shall be pun ished at the discretion of a general court martial. Art. 10. No officer or soldier shall use any reproachful or provoking speeches or gestures to another ; nor shall presume to send a challenge to any person, to fight a duel ; and whoever shall knowingly and willingly suffer any person, whatsoever, to go forth to fight a duel ; or shall second, promote, or carry any challenge, shall be deemed as a principal ; and whatsoever officer or soldier shall upbraid another for refusing a challenge, shall also be considered as a challenger ; and all such offenders, in any of these or such like cases, shall be punished at the discretion of a general court matial. Art. 11. Every officer, commanding in quarters, or on a march, shall keep good order, and, to the utmost of his power, redress all such abuses, or disorders, which may be commit'. e,d by any officer or soldier under his command ; if upon any com plaint made to him, of officers or soldiers, beating, or otherwise ill-treating any per son, or of committing any kind of riot, to the disquieting of the inhabitants of this continent ; he, the said commander, who shall refuse or omit to see justice done on the offender or offenders, and reparation made to the party or parties injured, as far as the offender's wages shall enable him or them, shall, upon due proof thereof, be punished as ordered by a general court martial, in such manner as if he himself had committed the crimes or disorders complained of. Art. 12. If any officer shall think himself to be wronged by his colonel, or the commanding officer of the regiment, and shall, upon due application made to him, be refused to be redressed, he may complain to the general, or commander in chief of the Rhode Island forces, in order to obtain justice, who is hereby required to ex amine into said complaint, and see that justice be done. Art. 13. If any inferior officer or soldier, shall think himself wronged by his captain or other officer, commanding the troop or company to which he belongs he is to complain thereof, to the commanding officer of the regiment, who is hereby required to summon a regimental court martial, for the doing justice to the com plainant ; from which regimental court martial, either party may, if he thinks him self still aggrieved, appeal to a general court martial ; but if, upon a second hearing, the appeal shall appear to be vexatious and groundless, the person so appealing, shall be punished at the discretion of the general court martial. Art. 14. Whatsoever non-commissioned officer, or soldier, shall be convicted, at a regimental court martial, of having sold, or designedly, or through neglect wasted the ammunition, arms or provisions, or other military stores, dehvered out to him, to be employed in the service of this colony, shall, if an officer, be reduced to a private sen- 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 343 tinel ; and if a private soldier, shall suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by a regimental court martial. Art. 15. All non-commissioned officers and soldiers, shall be allowed the limits of onejnile from the place of encampment, unless the commander in chief shall think proper to mark out shorter limitations. Every officer or soldier, found without those limits, without leave in writing, shall suffer such punishment as shall be in flicted by a regimental court martial. Art. 16. No officer or soldier, shall lie out of his quarters or camp, without leave from the commanding officer of the regiment, upon penalty of being punished ac cording to the nature of his offence, by order of a regimental court martial. Art. 1 7. Every non-commissioned officer and soldier, shall retire to his quarters, or tent, at the beating ofthe retreat; in default of which, he shall be punished ac cording to the nature of his offence, by order of the commanding officer. Art. 18. Xo officer, non-commissioned officer or soldier, shall fail of repairing, at the time fixed, to the place of parade or exercise, or other rendezvous, appointed by the commanding officer, if not prevented by sickness, or some other evident neces sity ; or shall go from the said place of rendezvous, or from his guard, without leave from his commanding officer, before he shall be regularly dismissed or relieved, on penalty of being punished according to the nature of his offence, by the sentence of a regimental court martial. Art. 19. Whatsoever commissioned officer, shall be found drunk on his guard, party or other duty, under arms, shall be cashiered for it ; any non-commissioned officer or soldier, so offending, shall suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a regimental court martial. Art. 20. Whatsoever sentinel shall be found sleeping upon his post, or shall leave it before he shall be regularly relieved, shall suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a general court martial. Art. 21. Any person belonging to the Rhode Island army, who, by discharging of fire-arms, beating of drums, or by any other means, whatsoever, shall occasion false alarms, in ~amp or quarters, shall suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a general court martial. Art. 22. Any officer or soldier, who shall, without urgent necessity, or without leave of his superior officer, quit his platoon or division, shall be punished according to the nature of his offence, by the sentence of a regimental court martial. Art. 23. No officer or soldier, shall do violence, or offer any insult or abuse, to any person, who shall bring provisions or other necessaries, to the camp or quarters of the Rhode Island army ; any officer or soldier, so offending, shall, upon complaint being made to the commanding officer, suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by a regimental court martial. Art. 24. Whatsoever officer or soldier, shall shamefully abandon any post com mitted to his charge, or shall speak words inducing others to do the like, in time of an engagement, shall suffer death immediately. Art. 25. Any person belonging to the Khode Island army, who shall make known the watch-word to any person who is not entitled to receive it, according to the rules and discipline of war, or shall presume to give a parole or watch-word, dif ferent from what he received, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a general court martial. Art. 26. Whosoever, belonging to the Rhode Island army, shall relieve the enemy 344 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. with money, victuals or ammunition ; or shall knowingly harbor or protect an enemy, shall suffer such punishment as by a general court martial shall be ordered. Art. 27. Whosoever, belonging to the Rhode Island army, shall be convicted of holding correspondence with, or of giving intelligence to, the enemy, either directly or indirectly, shall suffer such punishment as by a general court martial shall be. ordered. Art. 2S. All public stores, taken in the enemy's camp or magazines, whether of artillery, ammunition, clothing or provisions, shall be secured for the use of the colony of Khode Island. Art. 29. If any officer or soldier shall leave his post or colors, in time of an engage ment, to go in search of plunder, be shall, upon being convicted thereof, before a general court martial, suffer such punishment as by said court martial shall be ordered. Art. 30. If any commander of any post, entrenchment or fortress, shall be com pelled, by the officers or soldiers under his command, to give it up to the enemy, or to abandon it, the commissioned officer, non-commissioned officers or soldiers, who shall be convicted of having so offended, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as may be inflicted upon them, by the sentence ofa general court martial. Art. 31. All sutlers and retailers to a camp, and all persons, whatsoever, serving with the Rhode Island army, in the field, though not enlisted soldiers, are to be sub ject to the articles, rules and regulations, ofthe Khode Island army. Art. 32. No general court martial shall consist of a less number than thirteen ; none of which, shall be under the degree of a commissioned officer ;¦ and the presi dent shall be a field officer ; and the president of each and every court martial, whether general or regimental, shall have power to administer an oath to every wit ness, in order to the trial of offenders ; and the members of all courts martial, shall be duly sworn by the president ; and the next in rank on the court martial, shall ad minister the oath to the president. Art. 33. The members, both of general and regimental courts martial, shall, when belonging to different corps, take the same rank which they hold in the ari»y ; but when courts martial shall be composed of one corps, they shall take their ranks according to their commissions, by which they are mustered in the said corps. Art. 34. All the members of a court martial, are to behave with calmness, de cency and impartiality ; and in the giving of their votes, are to begin with the youngest or lowest, in the commission. Art. 35. No field officer shall be tried by any person uDder the degree of cap tain ; nor shall an}- proceedings or trials be carried on, excepting between the hours of eight in the morning, and three in the afternoon ; except in cases which require an immediate example. Art. 36. The commissioned officers of every regiment, may, by the appointment of their colonel, or commanding officer, hold regimental courts martial, for the in quiring into such disputes, or criminal matters, as may come before them, and for the. inflicting corporeal punishments for small offences ; and shall give judgment by the majority of voices ; but no sentence shall be executed till the commanding officer (not being a member of the court martial,) shall have confirmed the same. Art. 37. No regimental court martial shall consist of less than five officers; ex cepting in cases where that number cannot be conveniently assembled, when three may be sufficient ; who are likewise to determine upon the senten£e by the ma- 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 345 jority of voices ; which sentence, is to be confirmed by the commartding officer, not being a member of the court martial. Art. 38. Every officer, commanding in any fort, castle or barrack, or elsewhere, where the corps under his command consists of detachments from different regi ments, or of independent companies, may assemble courts martial for the trial of of fenders, in the same manner as if they were regimental, whose sentence is not to be executed till it shall be confirmed by the said commanding officer. Art. 39. No person whatsoever, shall use menacing words, signs or gestures, in the presence of a court martial, then sitting, or shall cause any disorder or riot, so as to disturb their proceeding, on the penalty of being punished at the discretion of the said court martial. Art. 40. To the end that offenders may be brought to justice ; whenever any officer or soldier shall commit a crime deserving punishment, he shall, by his com manding officer, if an officer, be put in arrest ; if a non-commissioned officer, or sol dier, be imprisoned, till he shall be either tried by a court martial, or shall be law fully discharged by proper authority. Art. 41. No officer or soldier, who shall be put in arrest or imprisonment, shall continue in his confinement, more than eight days, or till such time as a court mar" tial can be conveniently assembled. Art. 42. No officer commanding a guard, or provost marshal, shall refuse to re ceive or keep an}' prisoner committed to his charge, by an officer belonging to the Rhode Island forces ; which officer shall at the same time deliver an account in writing, signed by himself, of the crime witb which the said prisoner is charged. Art. 43. No officer commanding a guard, or provost marshal, shall presume to release any prisoner committed to his charge, without proper authority for so doing i nor shall he sutler any prisoner to escape, on the penalty of being punished for it, by the sentence of a general court martial. Art. 44. Every officer, or provost marshal, to whose charge prisoners shall be committed, is hereby required, within twenty-four hours after such commitment, or as soon as he shall be relieved from his guard, to give in writing to the colonel of the regiment to whom the prisoner belongs (where the prisoner is confined upon the guard belonging to the said regiment, and that his offence only relates to the neg lect of duty in his own corps), or to the commander in chief, their crimes, and the names of the officers who committed them, on the penalty of being punished for his disobedience or neglect, at the discretion of a general court martial. Art. 45. And if any officer under arrest, shall leave his confinement before he is set at liberty by the officer who confined him, or by a superior power, he shall be cashiered for it. Art. 46. Whatsoever commissioned officer shall be convicted, before 3 general court martial, of behaving in a scandalous, infamous manner, such as is unbecom ing the character of an officer and a gentleman, shall be discharged from the service. Art. 47. All officers, conductors, gunners, matrosses, drivers, or any other per sons, whatsoever, receiving pay or hire, in the service ofthe Rhode Island artillery, shall be governed by the aforesaid rules and articles ; and shall be subject to be tried by courts martial, in like manner with the officers and soldiers of the Khode Island troops. Art. 48. For differences arising amongst themselves, or in matters relating solely to their own corps, the courts martial may be composed of their own officers ; vol. vii. 44 346 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. but where a number sufficient of such officers cannot be assembled, or in matters wherein other corps are interested, the officers of artillery shall sit in courts martial, with the officers of the other corps. Art. 49. All crimes not capital, and all disorders and neglects which officers and soldiers may be guilty of, to the prejudice of good order and military discipline, though not mentioned in the articles of war, are to be taken cognizance of, by a general or regimental court martial, according to the nature and degree of the of fence, and be punished at their discretion. Art. 50. No courts martial shall order any offender to be whipped, or receive more than thirty-nine stripes for any one offence. Art. 51. The field officers of each and every regiment, are to appoint some suitable person, belonging to such regiment, to receive all such fines as may arise within the same, for any breach of any of the foregoing articles ; and shall direct the same to be carefully and properly applied to the relief of such sick, wounded, or necessitous soldiers as belong to such regiment ; and such person shall account with such officer for all fines received, and the application thereof. Art. 52. All members sitting in courts martial, shall bo sworn by the president of said courts ; which president, shall himself be sworn by the officer in said court, next in rank. The oath to bo administered, previous to their proceeding to the trial of any offender, in form following, to wit : " You, A. B., swear that you will well and truly try, and impartially determine, the cause of the prisoner now to be tried, according to the rules for regulating the Rhode Island army. So help you God." Art. 53. All persons called to give evidence in any case, before a court martial who shall refuse to give evidence, shall be punished for such refusal, at the discre tion of such court martial ; the oath to be administered in the form following to wit: " You swear the evidence you shall give, in the case now iu hearing, shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. So help you God.'' It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety be, and they are hereby, directed to charter two suitable vessels, for the use of the colony, and fit out the same in the best man ner, to protect the trade of this colony. That the said vessels be at the risk of the colony, and be appraised, before they are chartered, by Messrs. Joseph An thony, Rufus Hopkins and Cromell Child, or any two of them ; who are also to agree for the hire of the said vessels. That the largest of the said vessels be manned with eighty men, exclusive of officers ; and be equipped with ten guns, four-pounders ; fourteen swivel guns, a sufficient number of small arms, and all necessary warlike stores. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 347 That the small vessel be manned with a number not exceed ing thirty men. That the whole be included in the number of fifteen hundred men, ordered to be raised in this colony, and be kept in pay until the 1st day of December next, unless discharged before, by order of the General Assembly. That they receive the same bounty and pay as the land forces, excepting that the first and second lieutenants, and master, receive the same pay as the first lieutenant of the land forces ; and the under or petty officers the same as the ser geants of the army. And that the lieutenant general, brigadier general and com mittee of safety, or the major part of them, have the power of directing and ordering said vessels ; and, in case it shall ap pear to them that the officers and men of the said vessels can be more serviceable on shore, than at sea, to order them on shore, to defend the sea-ports in this colony. And it is further voted and resolved, that the following offi cers be, and are hereby, appointed to command the said ves sels, to wit : of the largest vessel, — Abraham Whipple, commander, with the rank and power of commodore of both vessels. John Grimes, first lieutenant. Benjamin Seabury, second lieutenant. William Bradford, of Providence, master. Ebenezer Elagg, quartermaster, at the wages of £i, lawful money, per month. Ofthe smallest vessel, Christopher Whipple, commander. William Rhodes, lieutenant. Whereas, William Potter, Esq., presented unto this Assem bly, the following memorial, to wit : Memorial of William Potter, to the General Assembly, relative to his Protest, fyc. To the Honorable General Assembly, of the colony of Rhode Island, at the session to be holden in East Greenwich, on the second Monday in June, A. D. 1775. I, William Potter, of South Kingstown, in the county of King's county, in the golony aforesaid, humbly show : 34S RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. That a session ofthe General Assembly, held at Providence, on the 22d day of April last, an act was passed for the raising, with all expedition and dispatch, fifteen hundred men, as an army of observation, to repel any insult or violence that might be offered to the inhabitants. And also, if necessary for the safety and preservation of the colonies, to march out of this colony, and join and co-operate with the forces of the neighboring colonies • against which act, I, as one of the upper house of Assembly, together with Joseph Wanton, Esq., the then Governor; Darius Sessions, Esq., the then Deputy Gov ernor ; and Thomas Wickes, Esq., then also one of the same upper house, did enter my protest ; which hath given much uneasiness to the good people of this colony. To remove which, so far as respects myself, and as far as in me lieth, I beg leave to observe : That a rough draught was drawn up, and delivered to a person to be corrected ¦ which protest, as the same now stands, appears to me to be of a different import from my meaning at that time ; and which, through the hurry attending the business before the House, was not so proper!}- attended to, as it might have been, and in that haste was signed. It is true, I was against the passing of the said act at that time, as I conceived the trade, and particularly the town of Newport, would be greatly distressed, which a httle longer time might prevent ; and because it was known that the ver}' respecta ble Assembly of the colony of Connecticut would soon sit, of whose wise deliberations we might greatly avail ourselves. These were the true reasons of my conduct, however the contrary may appear from the protest signed. No man hath ever been more deeply impressed with the calamities to which America is reduced, by a most corrupt administration, than myself. No man hath more exerted himself in private and public hfe, to relieve ourselves from our oppres sions ; and no man hath held himself more ready to sacrifice his life and fortune in the arduous struggles now making throughout America, for the preservation of our just rights and liberties ; and in these sentiments, I am determined to hve and die. Sorry I am, if an}' of the good people of this colony should have conceived other wise of me; and I greatly lament, that the unguarded expressions in that protest, should give cause therefor. Should I from thence, lose the confidence, just hopes and expectations of my countrymen, of my future conduct in the arduous American struggles, it might create an uneasiness of mind, for which nothing can ever com pensate. But should this public declaration ease the minds of friends, and the friends of liberty, and convince them of my readiness to embark, to conflict with them in every difficulty, and against every opposition, until our glorious cause shall be estabhshed upon the most firm and permanent basis, it will be a consideration that will afford me the highest satisfaction that human nature is capable of enjoying* I am Your Honors' most humble servant, WILLIAM POTTER. And the said memorial being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be accepted ; that it * See page 311. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 349 is satisfactory ; and that the said William Potter be, and he is hereby, reinstated in the favor of this General Assembly. An Act dividing the regiment of militia in the county of Kings county into two regiments. An Act dividing the regiment of militia in the county of Kent into two regiments. Officers to command the several Trained Bands, or Companies of Militia, in the Colony. Portsmouth : first company — Burrington Anthony, captain ; David Gifford, lieutenant ; Stephen Borden, ensign. Warwick : first company — Abraham Lockwood, captain ; Sylvester Wickes, lieutenant ; Job Randall, ensign. Second company — Reuben Wightman, captain ; Squire Milward, lieutenant ; James Jarauld, ensign- Third company — Thomas Rice, son of Thomas, captain ; Anthony Holden, son of Charles, lieutenant ; Stukely Staf ford, Jr., ensign. Westerly : first company — Thomas Thompson, captain ; Jo seph Pendleton, lieutenant ; Joshua Pendleton, ensign. Second company — John Gavet, captain ; Stephen Saunders, Jr., lieutenant ; William Bliven, ensign. New Shoreham company — John Sands, captain ; Samuel Rathbun, Jr., lieutenant ; William Littlefield, ensign. North Kingstown : first company — Thomas Clarke, captain ; John Manchester, lieutenant ; William Reynolds, ensign. Second company — Thomas Cole, captain ; Charles Dyre, lieutenant ; William Taylor, ensign. Third company — Thomas Bissell, Jr., captain ; Timothy Deane, lieutenant ; Robert Potter, ensign. South Kingstown : first company — Samuel Seagar, captain ; Gideon Babcock, lieutenant ; Daniel Williams, ensign. 350 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. Second company — Abial Brown, captain ; James Parker, lieutenant ; Barber Peckham, ensign. East Greenwich : first company — Nathaniel Gardner, cap tain ; Ebenezer Spencer, lieutenant ; William Hall, ensign. Second company — Allen Johnston, captain ; Michael Spen cer, lieutenant ; Stephen Greene, ensign. Scituate : first company — Peleg Fisk, captain ; Nathan Relph, lieutenant ; Nathan Bates, ensign. Third company — Stephen Kimball, captain ; Joseph Davis, lieutenant ; James Williams, ensign. Fourth company — Jeremiah Davis, captain ; Isaac Hop kins, lieutenant ; Oziel Smith, ensign. Fifth company — Samuel Wilbur, captain ; Thomas Field, lieutenant ; William Potter, ensign. Glocester : first company — Benajah Whipple, captain ; Si mon Smith, lieutenant ; John Eddy, ensign. Second company — Samuel Mayes, captain ; Ezekiel Phet- tiplace, lieutenant ; Daniel Mathewson, ensign. Third company — Abraham Winsor, captain ; Stephen Pain, lieutenant ; Richard Lewis, ensign. Fourth company — Stephen Winsor, captain ; Aaron Arnold, lieutenant ; Isaac Ross, ensign. Charlestown company — Thomas Sheffield, captain ; Jona than Macomber, lieutenant ; Caleb Crandal, ensign. West Greenwich : first company — Eleazar Carr, captain ; Abel Greene, lieutenant ; Abel Mathewson, 2d, ensign. Second company — Jeremiah Austin, captain ; Benjamin Gorton, lieutenant ; Joseph Weaver, ensign. Third company — John Mathewson, Jr., captain ; Jcsiah Mathewson, lieutenant ; Samuel Reynolds, ensign. Exeter : first company — Christopher Champlin, captain ; Abel Fowler, lieutenant ; Isaiah Wilcox, ensign. Second company — John Hoxsie, captain ; George Sweet, lieutenant ; Eber Shearman, ensign. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 351 Bristol company — -Jeremiah Ingraham, captain ; Stephen Smith, lieutenant ; Hezekiah Munro, ensign. Tiverton : first company — Christopher Manchester, cap tain ; Isaac Cooke, lieutenant ; Philip Manchester, ensign. Second company — ^Benjamin Durfee, captain ; Ebenezer Slocum, lieutenant ; Jonathan Deval, ensign. Little Compton company — George Simmons, captain ; Sam uel Gray, lieutenant ; David Cooke, ensign. Warren company — Amos Haile, captain ; John Ormsbee, lieutenant ; Smith Bowen, ensign. Cumberland : first company — Enoch Weatherhead, captain ; Elisha Waterman, lieutenant ; Benjamin Wilkinson, ensign. Second company — Levi Tower, captain ; Elias Philbrook, lieutenant ; Levi Ballou, ensign. Cranston : first company — John King, Jr., captain ; Antho ny Potter, lieutenant ; Josiah Potter, ensign. Second company — Frederick Williams, captain ; Nathaniel Carpenter, lieutenant ; John Harris, ensign. Third company — Edward Knight, captain ; William Field, 2d, lieutenant ; Joseph Potter, ensign. Hopkinton : first company — Barker Wells, captain ; Oliver Babcock, Jr., lieutenant ; Elnathan Wells, ensign. Second company — George Thurston, Jr., captain ; Matthew Randall, lieutenant ; Randall Wells, ensign. Johnston : first company— Richard Thornton, captain ; Richard Fenner, Jr., lieutenant ; Daniel Sprague, Jr., ensign. Second company — Emmor Olney, captain ; Daniel Angell, lieutenant ; Laban Waterman, ensign, North Providence company — Job Olney, captain ; Charles Olney, Jr., lieutenant ; Eleazar Jenckes, ensign. Barrington company — Thomas Allen, captain ; Samuel Bos worth, lieutenant ; Vial Allen, ensign. It is voted and resolved, that this General Assembly will 352 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1775. join with the other colonies in establishing post offices and post riders, in order to preserve an intercourse between the different colonies, which will prove so beneficial to the public, as well as to individuals ; and that this colony will, for the present, de fray the expense of post riders throughout this colony, upon the usual post road. It is further voted and resolved, that post offices be, and hereby are, established at the following places, to wit : at Newport, Providence, Bristol, Warren, Tower Hill, in South Kingstown and Westerly ; and that the following persons be, and hereby are, appointed post masters, to wit : For Newport, Mr. Nathaniel Otis ; Providence, Mr. John Carter ; Bristol, Mr. Jonathan Russell ; Warren, Mr. Shubael Burr ; Tower Hill, Mr. Ray Sands ; Westerly, Mr. Joshua Babcock. It is further voted and resolved, that the rates and duties for postage of letters, be as follows, to wit : Rates of Postage in the Colony of Rhode Island. For any distance not exceeding sixty miles " sixty miles, and not exceeding one hundred miles '• one hundred miles, and not exceeding two hundred miles *' two hundred miles, and not exceeding three hundred miles " three hundred miles, and not exceeding four hundred miles " four hundred miles, and not exceeding five hundred miles " five hundred miles, and not exceeding six hundred miles " six hundred miles, and not exceeding seven hundred miles " seven hundred miles, and not exceeding eight hundred miles " eight hundred miles, and not exceeding nine hundred miles " nine hundred miles, and not exceeding one thousand miles The above rates to be paid in lawful money, of this colony, and are for the post age of a single letter. They are to be doubled for all double letters, trebled for all treble letters ; and for every ounce weight, four times so much is to be charged as for a single letter. It is further voted and resolved, that Mr. Peter Mumford be, and he is hereby, appointed the post rider from Newport to Providence ; and Mr. Benjamin Mumford the post rider from Newport to New London ; and that they neither receive nor V tS_ d. 0 0 5 1-4 0 0 8 0 0 10 1-4 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 6 1-4 0 1 9 0 2 0 0 2 2 1-2 0 2 5 0 2 8 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 353 deliver any letters from any post office heretofore established in this colony. It is further voted and resolved, that Messrs. Joshua Bab cock, John Jenckes, William Bradford and Joseph Anthony, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to agree with the post masters and post riders, for their service ; and to give directions for the setting off and returns of the post rid ers ; and that the post masters account to the said committee for what they shall receive. It is further voted and resolved, that all letters which the post rider for the time being, may receive, directed for the town of Boston, shall be first post paid, and submitted to the examination of the commander in chief of the American forces, at Cambridge, or of a committee that may be appointed by the provincial congress of the Massachusetts Bay, before they are permitted to go into Boston ; and that all letters coming out of Boston, be submitted to the like examination. And it is further voted and resolved, that this act shall con* tinue in force until this Assembly shall make some further order relative to the same. It is voted and resolved, that the letter written by His Honor the Deputy Governor, to James Wallace, Esq., com mander of His Majesty's ship Rose, and Capt. Wallace's an swer, be published in the next Newport Mercury, and Provi dence Gazette. It is voted and resolved, that £10,000, in lawful money bills of credit, be struck off, for the use of the colony ; that the same proportion of the different bills be printed ; that they be signed by the same persons who signed the former emission, and in the same manner ; that they be completed and lodged in the general treasury, as soon as may be ; and that the com mittee for signing the bills, procure the paper. An Act to prevent desertion from the army of observation. An Act dividing the First Trained Band, or Company of MU litia, in the town of Coventry, into two companies, vol. TO. 45 354 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. An Act dividing the Second Trained Band, or Company of Militia, in the town of Coventry, into two companies. Whereas, Thursday, the 20th day of July next, is recom- mende dby the Honorable the Continental Congress to be ob served as a day of public fasting and prayer throughout the colonies, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Governor be, and he is hereby, requested to issue a proclamation, to be published in the Newport Mercury, and Providence Gazette, earnestly recommending the same to be religiously observed by the inhabitants of this colony. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor be, and he is hereby, requested to write an answer to the letter from the delegates of this colony at the Continental Congress ; and to transmit to them a copy of the proceedings of this Assembly. God save the King. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Providence, on Wednesday, the 2%th day of June, 1775. The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that six companies, consisting of sixty men each, including officers, be immediately raised in this colony, in addition to those already ordered to be raised ; that they be equipped with arms, ammunition and all other necessaries ; that two companies be added to each regiment now in the service of this colony, and encamped near Boston , that as soon as twenty men in a company shall be raised, they be sent forward, under the care of one commissioned officer, and the whole as soon as possible. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 355 That the same bounty and wages be allowed to them, as to those already raised ; and that, to defray the expense thereof, £10,000, in lawful money bills, be emitted and signed in the same manner and proportion as the first emission ; excepting that the bills now ordered to be emitted, be signed in the fol lowing manner, to wit : all the bills of five shillings, and up wards, by three signers ; and all under, by two signers. An Act to repeal an act, entitled " An act for regulating ap peals to His Majesty in Council, in Great Britain." Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof it is enacted, that the act entitled " An act for regulating appeals to His Majesty in Council, in Great Brit ain," be, and the same is hereby, repealed. It is voted and resolved, that the act to prevent the Hon orable Joseph Wanton, Esq., from acting as Governor of this colony, until the oath of office shall be administered to him in open General Assembly, with the consent of the Assembly, &c, which was passed at the session held on the first Wednesday in May last, and continued by an act passed at the session held on the second Monday in June instant, be continued, and remain in force, until the rising of this Assembly, at the next session ; and that a copy of this act be inserted in the Newport Mer cury, and Providence Gazette. Whereas, it is absolutely necessary, for the well governing and exerting the force of an army, that the same should be under the direction of a commander in chief, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the army of observa tion raised by this colony, during the operations of the present campaign, be under the command and direction of the com mander in chief of the combined American army, stationed in the Province of the Massachusetts Bay ; and that the secretary transmit a copy of this act to the commander in chief of the ombined American army ; and to the brigadier general of the Rhode Island troops. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Gov- 356 RECORDS OF ME COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. ernor be, and he is hereby, requested to write an answer to the letter from the Governor of Connecticut ; and to the speech of the Oneida tribe of Indians to the four New England colonies. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. Jabez Champlin, James Angell, Metcalfe Bowler, John Waterman, James Rhodes, John Sands, Sylvester Gardner, John Hawkins, Allen Johnson, Benjamin Underwood, Elisha Mowry, Jr., Rufus Hopkins, Asa Kimball, Joseph Stanton, Jr., Thomas Gorton, Stephen Potter, George Pierce, John Barker, Benjamin Bos worth, John Cooke, Thomas Brownell, Cromell Child, John Dexter, George Webb, Richard Searle, Abel Tanner, Emmor Olney, Thomas Olney and Thomas Allen, be, and they are hereby, appointed and directed to take an account, as soon as may be, of the powder, arms and ammunition, in the several towns in this colony, in which they respectively dwell, includ ing private as well as public stock. That they be, and hereby are, directed and empowered to go to the house pf each person in their respective towns, to take an account of the powder, arms and ammunition. That they make report to His Honor the Deputy Governor, that he may transmit an account thereof, to the Continental Congress ; and also make report to this Assembly, at the next session. And that in case any of the persons hereby appointed, shall refuse to serve, the members of the General Assembly, of the town in which the person so refusing dwells, appoint another in his stead, who will undertake. It is voted and resolved, that the committees of inspection in the several towns in this colony, be, and they are hereby, ap pointed to collect all the saltpetre and brimstone in the respec tive towns wherein they dwell, at the charge of the colony, and send the same with all possible dispatch, to the committee of inspection for the town of Providence, by them to be immedi ately forwarded to the Provincial Congress, at New York. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Charles Bowler be, and he is hereby, appointed baker to the army of observation raised by 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 357 this colony, and stationed near Boston ; and that he be paid five shillings, lawful money, for every hundred weight of flour, he shall bake ; he finding the fuel for baking the bread. It is voted and resolved, that Capt. Joseph Stanton, Jr., be, and he is hereby, appointed one ofthe committee of safety, for the county of Kings county, in respect to the soldiers now or dered to be raised by this Assembly. That he be empowered to pay off the soldiers heretofore raised in the towns of Westerly, Charlestown and Hopkinton, all such wages as they have not yet received, and be allowed therefor, half per cent. That John Northup, Esq., be allowed one per cent, for the same. And that the said Joseph Stanton, Jr., receive of the said John Northup, the accounts he hath against the soldiers now in the service of the colony, who were raised in the said three towns, in order to settle with the soldiers, and to stop what shall appear to be due from them to the said John Northup. It is voted and resolved, that the gunner, and all the sol diers at Fort George, be immediately discharged. That Mr. Thomas Freebody have the care of the buildings on Goat Island, and let them out ; that he haul up the fort-boat, take particular care of her, and preserve her for the use of the colony ; that he procure the cannon to be brought over from the fort to Newport ; and that he advertise the guns which were stolen from the fort. Both Houses being joined in a grand committee, chose the following officers, to wit : Officers to Command the Six Additional Companies to the Army of Observation. Ebenezer Flagg, captain ; Joseph Perry, lieutenant ; and Noel Allen, ensign, of the eighth company, to be raised in the counties of Newport and Bristol. Thomas Grey, captain ; Lemuel Bailey, lieutenant ; William 358 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1775.] Southworth, ensign, of the ninth company, to be raised in the .counties of Newport and Bristol; Levi Tower, captain ; Silas Talbot, lieutenant ; Reuben Sprague, ensign, of the ninth company, to be raised in the county of Providence. Israel Gorton, captain ; James Williams, lieutenant ; Jo seph Harris, ensign, of the tenth company, to be raised in the county of Providence. Ethan Clarke, captain ; Thomas Cole, lieutenant ; John Woodmansie, ensign, of the ninth company, to be raised in the counties of Kings county and Kent. Christopher Smith, captain ; Thomas Sweet, lieutenant ; Oliver Tefft, ensign, of the tenth company, to be raised in the counties of Kings county and Kent. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Job Watson be, and he is hereby, appointed a post at Tower Hill, to give intelligence to the northern oounties, in case any squadron of ships should be seen off ; that in case of an alarm, the northern counties be, and they are hereby, ordered to march to the town of Providence. That a proclamation be immediately issued by His Honor the Deputy Governor, commanding every man in the colony, able to bear arms, to equip himself completely with arms and ammunition, according to law. And that the town of Providence fix a beacon on the hill to the eastward ofthe said town, to alarm the country, in case of an invasion. An Act for enlisting one-fourth part ofthe militia of the colony, as minute men. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that one-quarter part of the mih tia of this colony be enlisted as minute men, to meet together, and exercise themselves in military discipline, half-a-day, once in every fortnight; 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 359 And that the following persons be, and hereby are, appointed in the several towns to enlist them, to wit : Names of Persons appointed by the General Assembly as En listing Officers, in the Colony. Newport — The captains of the several companies of militia. Providence — Messrs. John Demont and Nathaniel Froth ingham. Portsmouth — Mr. Burrington Anthony. Warwick — Messrs. Malachi Hammet, Reuben Wightman and Thomas Rice, son of Thomas. Westerly — Messrs. George Sheffield, Benjamin Hull and Jo-. seph Stillman. New Shoreham — The captain of the Company of militia. North Kingstown — Messrs. Charles Tillinghast, Jonathan Vaughan and Ezekiel Gardner, Jr. South Kingstown — Messrs. Peleg Babcock and John Wait. East Greenwich — Messrs. Allen Johnston and Wm. Arnold. Jamestown — The captain of the company of militia. Smithfield — Messrs. Andrew Waterman, Luke Arnold and Peleg Arnold. Glocester — Messrs. John Wells, Gideon Burgess, Aaron Winsor and Samuel Mayes. Charlestown — Messrs. Augustus Stanton and Beriah Lewis. West Greenwich — Messrs. Eleazar Carr, Jeremiah Austin and John Mathewson, Jr. Coventry — Messrs. Archibald Kasson, Yelverton Wait, Stutely Hudson and Benjamin Greene. Exeter^-Mr. George Pierce. Middletown — The captain of the company of militia. Bristol — Mr. Benjamin Bosworth. Tiverton — Messrs. Joseph Almy and Pardon Cooke. Little Compton — Mr. Peres Richmond. Warren — Mr. William Barton. Cumberland — Messrs. Elisha Waterman and Elias Philbrook. Richmond — Mr. Simeon Clarke, Jr. 360 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. Cranston — Messrs. Andrew Harris, William Potter and the captain of the third company. Hopkinton — Messrs. Thomas Wells, 3d, and Oliver Davis. Johnston — Messrs. William Hawkins and Joseph Waterman. North Providence — Mr. Job Olney. Barrington — Mr. Luther Martin. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that in case any of the persons hereby appointed, shall refuse to serve, the deputies of the several towns to which they belong, be, and they hereby are, empowered to appoint others in their stead. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the following be the form of the enlistment for the said minute men, to wit : Colony of Rhode Island, fyc. We, the subscribers, voluntarily enlist ourselves to serve as minute men, in the service of this colony, to be under the imme diate command of our superior officers, and subject to the law of this colony, for regulating the minute men. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the persons who are hereby appointed to enlist the said minute men, return the names of the persons they shall so enlist, unto the deputies who live within their respective regiments. That the said deputies, or the major part of them, be, and hereby are, empowered to form them into companies, each to consist of as many men as they shall think proper and direct ; and also to appoint officers over them ; and that they return the names of the officers they shall appoint, to His Honor the Deputy Governor, to be commissioned by the secretary, in the same manner that the other officers have been commissioned. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the said minute men march for the defence of the colony, when and as often as they shall be called upon by the colonel of the regiment to which they respectively belong. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 361 And that the lieutenant general and major general of the colony be, and they are hereby, authorized and empowered to march them out of the colony, whenever they, or either of them, shall think it necessary. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the following wages be allowed and paid out of the general treasury, to the said officers and men, to wit : For every time they shall meet and exercise, each captain shall receive two shillings and sixpence, lawful money. Each lieutenant and ensign, two shillings, lawful money ; and each other person one shilling, lawful money. And when they march for the defence of the colony, or out of the colony, each captain shall receive six shillings, lawful money, per day. Each lieutenant, five shillings, lawful money, per day ; each ensign, four shillings, lawful money, per day ; and each other person, three shillings, lawful money, per day ; and shall also be billeted at the charge of the colony. And that the commanding officer make his return once a month to the committee of safety, and draw the money. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the several independent companies in this colony, or such of them as shall think proper, form themselves into companies of minute men, under the same regulation and command as above mentioned, and exercise and do duty in the same manner ; and that they receive the same pay and allowance. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the secretary, as soon as may be, transmit copies of this act to the several sheriffs in the colony, who are hereby directed to forward them by the first safe hands, to the persons appointed to enlist the said minute men in their respective counties. It is voted and resolved, that Capt. John Grimes be, and he is hereby, appointed commander of the small sloop, chartered by the colony, in the room of Capt. Christopher Whipple, who refused. That all other vacancies, in either of the sloops, chartered by the colony, be filled up by the committee of safety ; and vol. vn. 46 362 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. that the officers be commissioned by the secretary of this colony. It is voted and resolved, that when the places of any com missioned officers in the army of observation, raised by this colony, shall happen to be vacant, the brigadier general of the said army, with the advice of the field officers, thereof, fill up all such vacancies with officers ; who shall have full power" to act by virtue of such appointment, until His Honor the Deputy Governor shall send them commissions, signed by the secretary. God save the King. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Providence, on the third Monday in August, 1775. The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that all the neat cattle and sheep upon New Shoreham, excepting a sufficiency for the inhabit ants, be brought off as soon as possible, and landed upon the continent ; that two hundred and fifty men be sent upon that island, to secure the stock until it can be taken off. That the remainder of the two companies raised in the coun ties of Kings county and Kent, which have not yet marched to join the army of observation, be employed in the said service ; that to complete the number, one hundred and ninety men be immediately enlisted, who shall be allowed wages at the rate of three shillings a day, and be billeted. That Mr. James Rhodes be the chief commander of the said men, and Gideon Hoxsie, Esq., the second in command. That the said James Rhodes and Gideon Hoxsie, and George Sheffield, be,. and they are hereby, empowered, at the expense of the colony, to take the most prudent and effectual measures for removing the said stock to some place upon the continent ; 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 363 that the committee of safety supply the said men with the ne cessary arms, ammunition and provisions. That the following persons be appointed to enlist men for the said service,— Thomas Wells, 2d ; Thomas Tefft, and in case of his refusal, Richard Bailey, Jr. ; Stephen Sheldon, Ebenezer Sprague, Elisha Waterman, Andrew Waterman, James Albro, Abial Brown, Jonathan Haszard, Joseph Pendleton and George Peirce ; who shall be allowed wages, at the rate of six shil lings a day, and shall have the command of the men by them respectively raised, subordinate to their superior officers above named ; that no one of the above named persons raise more than twenty men. That each person appointed to enlist men, set out for the places of rendezvous, with the men he shall enlist, on Satur day next, at eight of the clock in the morning, which are as follows : Those raised in the towns of Richmond and Charlestown, to rendezvous at Jesse Champlin's, in Charlestown. Those raised in North Kingstown, South Kingstown, John ston, Cumberland, Exeter and Smithfield, at John Potter's, Esq. Those raised in the other towns, at Elias Thompson's, in Westerly. That the said James Rhodes, Gideon Hoxsie and George Sheffield, or any two of them, be appointed to appraise the said stock, which is to be transported at the expense and risk ofthe colony. That His Honor the Deputy Governor be requested to issue orders to the said two companies, belonging to Col. Varnum's regiment, to proceed to New Shoreham, and obey the orders of the said James Rhodes and Gideon Hoxsie during the said service. That the said James Rhodes and Gideon Hoxsie be commis sioned, mutatis mutandis, in the same manner as the officers of the army of observation are ; and that Mr. James Rhodes draw 364 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775 out of the general treasury £200, lawful money, for the pur poses, aforesaid. Iu Council, was read the return of officers' names, chosen to command the Independent Company of Cadets, in Provi dence, viz. : Joseph Nightingale, captain ; William Russell, first lieu tenant ; Nathaniel Greene, second lieutenant ; Ebenezer Thompson, ensign. Which being considered in Council, — It is voted and resolved, that the said officers be, and they are hereby, approved. An Act to punish persons, who shall pilot any armed vessels in or out of any of the harbors, rivers or bays, in this colony, excepting vessels belonging to some one of the British colo nies in America, or the inhabitants thereof. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that any person, being an inhab itant of any of the British colonies in America, who shall act as a pilot on board any armed ship or vessel, and pilot them in or out of any of the harbors, rivers or bays, in this colony, ex cepting vessels in the service of some one of the said colonies, or ofthe inhabitants thereof, shall, upon conviction thereof, by bill, plaint or information, before the superior court of judicature, court of assize and general jail delivery of this colony, be pun ished at the discretion of the said court, by fine and imprison ment not exceeding a fine of £500, lawful money, nor more than twelve months imprisonment. It is voted and resolved, that William Potter, Esq., be al lowed to draw out of the general treasury the sum of £270 8s. 7 3-4cL, for carrying on the building a new court house in Kings county. It is voted and resolved, that this colony will purchase all the gunpowder that shall be imported here from parts beyond sea, before the 1st day of April next, at the rate of three shil lings, lawful money, a pound. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 365 It is voted and resolved, that the twenty-nine minute men, raised by Mr. Andrew Waterman, proceed with him immedi ately to New Shoreham ; and that they all be paid according to the act for raising men for the same purpose. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor, the members of the upper house, who live in the county of Providence ; the deputies of the town of Providence, Met calfe Bowler, William Bradford, John Dexter, Joseph Antho ny, Daniel Mowry, Jr. and Joshua Babcock, Esqs., or the major part of them, together with such other members of the General Assembly, as may be present, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, during the recess of the General As sembly, to act upon any sudden important emergency ; with full power of taking all prudent and necessary measures for the safety of this colony, and the colonies in general. That they be particularly empowered to employ the two armed vessels in the service of this colony, or either of them, in such manner, and upon such voyage, as they shall think conducive to the public interest ; and that this act continue in force until the next session of Assembly. Whereas, the ensigns in the respective companies of the Rhode Island forces, encamped on Prospect Hill, represented unto this Assembly, that by a resolve of the Provincial Con gress of the Massachusetts Bay, the ensigns of the several bat talions of that colony were advanced, and made second lieu tenants, and their wages enhanced ten shillings a month ; and prayed that this Assembly would, in conformity to that resolve, make the same regulation respecting the ensigns in the Rhode Island forces ; on consideration whereof, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of the said petition be granted ; that the said ensigns be advanced to equal rank and station with their brethren in the Massachusetts forces ; and that their wages be increased ten shillings a month. It is voted and resolved, that the gentlemen mentioned in the following list, be, and they are hereby, chosen to serve in the offices, to their names respectively ascribed, to wit : 366 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. Names of Persons chosen to the respective Military Offices, in the Colony, herein mentioned. Joseph Belcher, Esq., colonel; John Cooke, Esq., lieuten ant colonel ; and William Channing, Esq., major, ofthe regi ment of militia, in the county of Newport. Charles Dyer, Esq., major, of the regiment of militia, in Kings county. William Barton, Esq., adjutant, of the first regiment of mi litia, in the county of Providence. Samuel Pearce, Jr., captain ; William Allen, son of William, lieutenant ; and George Allen, ensign, of the second company of militia, in Portsmouth. William Taylor, captain ; John Cole, lieutenant ; and James Albro, ensign, of the second company of militia, in North Kingstown. William Arnold, Esq., major of the regiment of militia, in the county of Kent. Benjamin Underwood, captain ; John Carr, lieutenant ; and Benjamin Carr, Jr., ensign, of the company of militia, in Jamestown. Samuel Hill, captain ; Thomas Jenckes, lieutenant ; and Samuel Day, ensign, of the first company of militia, in Smithfield. James Smith, lieutenant, of the third company of militia, in Smithfield. Joseph Whipple, captain ; Joseph Kinyon, lieutenant ; and Asaph Bennett, ensign, of the fourth company of militia, in Coventry. Thomas Peckham, captain ; Samuel Bailey, lieutenant ; and Elisha Barker, ensign, of the company of militia, in Mid dletown. Ezra Ormsbee, captain, of the company of militia, in Warren. Vial Allen, lieutenant ; and Daniel Kinnicutt, ensign, of the company of militia, in Barrington. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 367 It is voted and resolved, that two row-gallies be forthwith built and equipped at the expense of this colony, for its protec tion and defence ; that they be of a suitable bigness to carry sixty men, each ; to row with fifteen oars on a side, and to mount one eighteen-pounder in the bow, and a number of swivel guns ; and that they be built in such further and par ticular form, model and construction, as shall be judged most suitable and fitting, by the committee hereafter named, for an swering the design and purpose of their building. And that Ambrose Page, Esq., be the person for the above purpose, and that he be empowered to draw out of the general treasury, a sum not exceeding £300, to enable him to prose cute the building. Whereas, the post rider hath been stopped by the ships of war in the harbor of Newport, and the mail hath been actually taken from him, by violence, which renders it necessary that the route be altered, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that Mr. John Lasell be employed as a post rider, to go the old post road, from Provi dence to New London ; that he set out from Providence for New London on every Tuesday, immediately upon the arrival of the post from Cambridge, and return as soon as possible ; that he be allowed from this colony at the rate of $185, a year, and in that proportion for any lesser time, he finding good horses, and paying his own expenses. That Mr. Benjamin Mumford be employed as a post rider from Newport to Cambridge ; that he set out from Newport on Monday afternoon at 3 o'clock, to carry the Newport mail for the westward to Providence, and proceed immediately to Cam bridge, with the mails for that post office, and set off from thence on Thursday, in the afternoon, for Providence ; and there take the mail from the westward, and proceed immedi ately to Newport ; that he be allowed for his services at the same rate as hath heretofore been allowed to the post rider be tween Newport and Boston ; and that the post rider pay the port of every letter to such office nearest to which he shall re- 368 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. ceive it, and be under oath for the faithful performance of his trust. That this act continue in force until further orders from this Assembly. That His Honor the Deputy Governor be requested to write to and transmit a copy of this act to the Governor of Connec ticut, and speaker of the House of Representatives, of tho Mas sachusetts Bay, requesting them to pay their proportions of the expense of the post riders, as usually practised. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. Nathaniel Mumford, Thomas Greene, Carder Hazard, Nathan Miller and Gideon Mumford, be, and they, or the major part of them, are hereby appointed a committee to audit the accounts of the committee of safety, who are hereby directed to pay off the troops to the last day of this month, and to close their accounts on the 8th day of September next. That the committee hereby appointed, meet at Providence,. on the 15th day of September, to proceed upon the said busi ness, and make report to this General Assembly, at the then next succeeding session. And that His Honor the Deputy Governor, transmit the said accounts, as soon as may be, after they shall be audited, to the Honorable the Continental Congress. Whereas, notwithstanding the humble and dutiful petition of the last Congress to the King, and other wise pacific measures taken for obtaining a happy reconciliation between Great Britain and the colonies ; the ministry, lost to every sentiment of justice, liberty and humanity, continue to send troops and ships of war into America, which destroy our trade, plunder and burn our towns, and murder the good people of these col onies, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that this colony most ar dently wish to see the former friendship, harmony and inter course, between Britain and these colonies restored, and a happy and lasting connection established between both coun tries, upon terms of just and equal liberty ; and will concur 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 369 with the other colonies in all proper measures for obtaining those desirable blessings. And as every principle, divine and human, require us to obey that great and fundamental law of nature, self-preserva tion, until peace shall be restored upon constitutional princi ples ; this colony will most heartily exert the whole power of government, in conjunction with the other colonies, for carrying on this just and necessary war, and bringing the same to a happy issue. And amongst other measures for obtaining this most desira ble purpose, this Assembly is persuaded, that the building and equipping an American fleet, as soon as possible, would greatly and essentially conduce to the preservation of the lives, lib erty and property, of the good people of these colonies ; and therefore instruct their delegates, to use their whole influence, at the ensuing Congress, for building, at the Continental ex pense, a fleet of sufficient force, for the protection of these col onies, and for employing them in such manner and places as will most effectually annoy our enemies, and contribute to the common defence of these colonies. And they are also instructed to use all their influence fop carrying on the war in the most vigorous manner, until peace, liberty and safety, be restored and secured to these colonies upon an equitable and permanent basis. It is voted and resolved, that the delegates for this colony, to the Congress, to be holden by adjournment, at Philadelphia, on the 5th day of Septembor next, be, and they are hereby, fully authorized and empowered to receive of the Continental treasurer, the money due from the United Colonies, to this colony, for the several sums of money advanced, for raising of forces, purchasing arms, tents, provisions, clothing and warlike 6tores, for the defence of the said United Colonies ; and trans mit the same to the general treasurer of this colony, by such faithful person or persons, as they can trust, and under such guard as they shall judge expedient and necessary. Whereas, the Honorable Samuel Ward, Esq., one ofthe del egates from this colony, to the Congress, held at Philadelphia, vol. vn. 47 370 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. on the 10th day of May last, hath made a report unto this As sembly, of many of the proceedings and resolves of the said Congress, consisting of measures by them taken for defending the United Colonies against the attacks of our cruel and un natural enemies, measures for the security of the frontiers, the preservation of peace and friendship with the people of Canada and the Indian nations, the emission of a Continental currency for defraying the expenses of the war, a petition to the King, an address to the people of England, an address to the people of Ireland, a letter to the lord mayor of London, a letter to the Assembly of Jamaica, the establishment of a general post office, and some occasional resolutions It is thereupon voted and resolved, that the said report be, and the same is hereby, accepted and approved, and that the thanks of this Assembly be given to the delegates of the Con tinental Congress, in general, and to the delegates of this col ony, in particular, for their wise, spirited, and faithful dis charge of the important trust reposed in them. It is voted and resolved, that the delegates from this colony, to the Congress, to be holden at Philadelphia, by adjournment, on the 5th day of September next, be, and they are, empow ered to apply to their own respective uses $200, each, of the money which they may receive of the Continental treasurer in behalf of this colony, on account of their expenses and services at the Congress ; and that they be severally accountable to the colony therefor. It is voted and resolved, that the Continental currency emit ted by the Congress, at their last session in Philadelphia, on the 10th day of May last, be, and it is hereby, made a lawful tender, at the rate of six shillings, lawful money on a dollar, and in the same proportion as to gold and silver, in all payments, whatsoever, whether of a public or private nature ; and whether due in lawful money, dollars, gold or silver coin, sterling money, bills of exchange, or any other currency, whatsoever. And it is further voted and resolved, that whosoever shall coun terfeit the said Continental currency or bills, or pass the same in this colony, knowing the same to be counterfeit, such person or 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 371 persons, upon legal conviction thereof, shall be liable to, and suffer the same pains, penalties and punishments, as by law persons counterfeiting the lawful money bills of this colony are liable to. It is voted and resolved, that eight field pieces be provided and prepared for the use of the colony ; and that Mr. Nicholas Power be, and he is hereby, appointed to provide and prepare six of said field pieces, and Mr. Jacob Greene, the other two ; and that the said Nicholas Power put in order the carriages of the colony guns, placed in the Providence battery. It is voted and resolved, that a bounty of three shillings a pound, be allowed, and paid out of the general treasury, on every pound of saltpeter that may be made in this colony, by the 26th day of August, A. D. 1776, suitable to be manufac tured into gunpowder ; and three shillings a pound for every pound of such saltpeter, exclusive of said bounty. And that Mr. Joseph Brown, Jabez Bowen, Esq. and the secretary of this colony, be, and they are hereby, appointed in spectors and provers of the quality thereof ; and that no person be entitled to said bounty and value, until he shall have first made oath before the secretary, that the saltpeter offered for inspection was actually made in this colony ; and that in order to its being so proved, that the manufacturers thereon convey the same to the town of Providence ; and that the same be de livered to, and deposited with the general treasurer. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor, be requested to write a letter to His Excellency General Washington, informing him of the steps this colony have taken to secure the stock upon the islands lying within this jurisdic tion ; and to request His Excellency to use his authority, that such of said stock as may be fit for market, be received by the commissary general, for the use of the army. It is voted and resolved, that the monthly wages of Abraham Whipple, captain of the colony sloop, be raised from £7 10s., to £9, from the time he entered on board said sloop. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. James Rhodes, Gideon Hoxsie, George Sheffield, Joshua Babcock, Abel Tanner, Jo- 372 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE D3LAND 1775. seph Hoxsie and William Potter, be, and they, or any three of them, are hereby, appointed a committee to take possession of the stock that maybe brought off from New Shoreham, by order of this Assembly ; and such of said stock as may be fit for a mar ket, immediately to send to the army ; that such of said stock as may not be fit for a market, they immediately sell and dispose of to the best advantage, either at public or private sale, unless the owners of said stock shall choose to take their own stock into possession at their own risk ; and that they make report thereof, to the next General Assembly. An Act dividing the Second Company, or Trained Band, in the town of Scituate, into two companies, appointing officers, &c. It is voted and resolved, that the act to prevent the Hon. Joseph Wanton, Esq., from acting as Governor of this colony, until the oath of office shall be administered to him in open General Assembly, with the consent of the Assembly, &c, which was passed at the session held on the first Wednesday in May last, and continued by an act passed at the session held on the second Monday in June last, and further continued by an act passed at the session held on Wednesday, the 28th day of the same June, be still continued, and remain in force, until the rising of this Assembly, at the next session. It is voted and resolved, that the Honorable Stephen Hop kins, Esq., one of the delegates of this colony, at the Conti nental Congress, be empowered to receive £80, lawful money, out of the general treasury, on account of his expenses and services at said Congress, from the time he last set out for Philadelphia, to the time of the last adjournment of said Con gress ; and that he be accountable to the colony. Whereas, the Honorable Samuel Ward, Esq., one of the delegates for this colony, at the Continental Congress, exhib ited unto this Assembly an account, by him charged against the colony, for his services at said Congress ; and sundry expenses in going to, during his residence at, and returning from, Phil adelphia ; and the said account being duly examined, — 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 373 It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, al lowed ; and that the balance thereof, being £So 19s. od., law ful money, be paid the said Samuel Ward, out of the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that the late proceedings of the members of the committee of inspection of South Kingstown, and several other towns, respecting the stopping and regulating the passing of a number of neat cattle over the ferries to New port from South Kingstown, belonging to George Irish, be ap proved of; and that it is expected and requested, that the committees of inspection for the towns, do, at all times, use their utmost endeavors that stock be not suffered to pass over any of the ferries to Newport, in larger numbers than two at a time, except sheep, and of those but five at a time, while any danger may remain of their being taken by our enemies ; and that the proprietors of the ferries and their ferrymen, govern themselves accordingly. It is voted and resolved, that Col. Samuel Aborn, Col. John Low, Richard Smith, Esq., Mr. Benjam;n Bosworth, Sylvester Gardner, Esq. and Mr. Benjamin Gardner, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to cause all the cattle and sheep, that are fit to be killed, to be forthwith removed and carried off all the islands in this colony, Rhode Island except ed ; and Block Island, for which provision- hath already been made. To this end, the committee are to request the owners to re move them, and to give them assistance ; and if the owners refuse, then this committee are to cause them to be appraised by proper persons of their appointment, and to transport them to the main land, to be sent to the camp and sold, for which the owners shall be indemnified. That the stock on Prudence and Hog Islands be removed to Bristol, by the said Richard Smith and Benjamin Bosworth. And the stock on Jamestown be removed to South Kings town, by the said Sylvester Gardner and Benjamin Gardner. That said committee be empowered to take such assistance, 374 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. vessels and boats, as they shall think necessary, and all at the expense of the colony. And the said committee are also empowered to order the two armed vessels belonging to the colony, to assist in remov ing said cattle and sheep ; that William Bradford, Esq., send those cattle and sheep to the camp, that may be brought to Bristol ; and that John Northup, Esq., send those cattle and sheep to the camp, that may be brought to South Kingstown or North Kingstown. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor, with the advice of the committee appointed to transact public matters during the recess of the Assembly, be requested to write an answer to the letter from the Council of the colony of Massachusetts Bay, dated August 18, 1775, to the Deputy Governor, and to take such orders respecting the prisoners therein referred to, as they shall think proper. It is voted and resolved, that if any person or persons shall refuse to take the paper money emitted by this colony, the pa per money emitted by the Continental Congress, or by any of the American colonies, in payment for any debt, duty or de mand of a pecuniary nature, he shall incur the displeasure of this General Assembly ; and ought to be held and esteemed as an enemy to its credit, reputation and happiness ; and totally destitute of that regard and obligation he is under to his country and the cause of liberty, which they are deeply en gaged to support and defend ; and that the good people of this colony and America ought to withdraw all communication from such person or persons. God save the King. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 375 Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Providence, on Tuesday, the Zlst day of October, 1775. The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Deputy Governor. Whereas, Edward Cole, Esq., presented unto this Assembly the following petition and declaration, to wit : Petition of Edward Cole, to the General Assembly. To the Honorable General Assembly of the colony of Rhode Island, &c, now sitting at Providence, humbly showeth Edward Cole, of Newport, — That he is called by business of great importance to himself, to Carlisle, in the province of Pennsylvania. That having, some time past, in common conversation, spoken in such a manner as to induce many people to think he was inimical to this, his native country (al though he never, in any way, whatever, either by giving information or intelligence, or otherwise, did any thing to the prejudice of America), he thought proper to ap ply to His Honor the Deputy Governor, to give him a pass to proceed through th,e country, lest from the prejudice, aforesaid, he might meet with some interruption in his intended journey ; who did not choose to comply with his request, unless by the advice of the committee. That the committee being empowered to act only during the recess of the General Assembly, he is under the necessity of applying to Your Honors. He begs leave to represent, that he hath no other intention in pursuing his said journey, than trans acting his own private business ; and to assure Your Honors, that during the course of it, he will, in every respect, conduct himself as a real well wisher and a hearty friend to his country, as he in truth, is, and will abide by, and be governed by, the resolutions of the Continental Congress. He therefore humbly prays Your Honors to request His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor, to grant him a pass or certificate, that he may pursue his said journey, with out danger of interruption from misapprehension of his principles or intentions. And, as in duty bound, will ever pray, &c. EDWARD COLE. Declaration of Edward Cole, to the General Assembly. I, the subscriber, dreading censure from my countrymen, on the score of what mistakenly may have been apprehended to be my political principles, now seriously declare and avow my principles to be the following, to wit : 376 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. That I solemnly declare, that I justify and voluntarily adopt the resolutions of this General Assembly, in using force against force, at or near to Boston, in opposing the ministerial troops; and that we, of this colony, have good cause to withstand, and to our utmost, oppose the mandatory edicts of the British Parliament, to enslave the inhabitants of this country, and compel them by force to submit to vassalage ; and, in consequence of which, an army has been sent into Boston, and is now there ; and from henceforward I (if needed,) will co-operate with my countrymen in their op position, &c. "EDWARD COLE. And the said petition and declaration being duly con sidered, — It is voted and resolved, that the said declaration be accept ed by this Assembly ; and that His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor, be requested to grant the petitioner a pass, agreeably to the prayer of his petition. It is voted and resolved, that five hundred good and effective men, be immediately raised, as soldiers for the defence of the colony, for one year, unless dismissed before ; that proper offi cers be appointed to command them ; and that John Sayles, Jr., Eseck Hopkins and Henry Marchant, Esqs., be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee to prepare an act ac cordingly. It is voted and resolved, that John Dexter, William Greene, Paul Mumford and Thomas Church, Esqs., be a committee, to examine the prisoners taken into custody by General Hopkins, and make report to this Assembly, as soon as may be ; and that General Hopkins be requested to attend said committee. It is voted and resolved, that the soldiers on Jamestown, be reinforced with a sufficient number of men, to be immedi ately raised by John Northup, Esq., if necessary, with the as sistance of Col. Brown. And that Col. Brown send such officer or officers to com mand such men, as he shall think proper; and that said troops be under the commanding officer now on Jamestown. It is voted and resolved, that the conduct of General Hop kins, in respect to taking into his possession, in behalf of the colony, the estates of George Rome, Benjamin Brenton, the heirs of Andrew Oliver, Esq., deceased ; Jahleel Brenton and Thomas Hutchinson, as persons inimical to the true interest of 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 377 the colony, be approved of ; and that the said estates be kept in the possession of those persons appointed by the general, in behalf of the colony ; and that they account to the colony for the back and future rents, and profits thereof. It is voted and resolved, that the sheriff of the county of Kings county, be, and he is hereby, directed to take posses sion, in behalf of the colony, of a certain farm on Point Judith, in the county of Kings county, in the possession of Silas Niles, and of the stock of every kind thereon, belonging to Samuel Sewall, now in Boston ; and that the said farm and stock be let out ; that the said Silas Niles account for all back rents due. to the said sheriff, in behalf of the colony. That the said sheriff be, and he is hereby, ordered to take into possession a certain farm in Exeter, in said county, be longing to the said Samuel Sewall, with all the stock thereon, belonging to the said Sewall, and to let out the same in behalf of the colony, and account therefor, on demand ; that David Austin, the present tenant account with the said sheriff, in be half of the colony, for all back rents due. That the said farms be rented to the present tenants, they giving bond to the general treasurer, for the payment to the said general treasurer, of the rents back, and the rents hereaf ter arising. And that in like manner the said sheriff take into his pos session the estate of Dr. Thomas Moffatt, situate in North Kingstown, in said county, now in possession of Charles Dyer ; and that he act and do therewith, as above ordered, respecting the estate of the said Samuel Sewall. It is voted and resolved, that the real estate lately belonging to John Borland, late of Cambridge, in the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, deceased, lying in the county of Bristol, in this colony, with the stock thereon, be forthwith taken into possession by the sheriff of said county of Bristol, in behalf of this colony ; and that he rent the same to the present tenant, provided he will give as high rent for the same, as any other person ; and that he give bond to the general treasurer for the payment of all back rents, and for all rents hereafter arising. vol. vii. 48 378 records of the colony of rhode island [1775. That the sheriff of the county of Kings county, take into his possession all such real estate in that county, lately belonging to the said John Borland, with such stocks as may belong to the heirs of the said John Borland ; and that he rent the same to the present tenants, provided they will give as much there for, as any other person, and give bond to the general treasurer for the payment of all back rents due, and for such rents as shall hereafter arise. It is voted and resolved, that this Assembly, having a due sense of the spirited conduct of Col. Robert Brown, of South Kingstown, in his late exertions for the relief of the town of Jamestown, do hereby present him the thanks of this Assembly. And it) is further voted and resolved, that he be requested to give his attendance before this Assembly for their further in formation. It is voted and resolved, that a messenger be immediately dispatched to Lieut. Col. Pierce, and to Capt. Simeon Clarke, Jr., of Richmond, requiring their immediate attendance on this Assembly. An Act dividing the First Trained Band, or Company of Militia, in the town of South Kingstown, into two com panies.It is voted and resolved, that the further consideration of the bill for freeing negro slaves, now pending before this As sembly, be referred to the next session. That in the mean time, a copy thereof, be published in the Newport and Providence newspapers. And that the deputies of each town in the colony, lay the same before their constituents, in town meeting, and obtain their opinions thereon, and present the same to this General Assembly, at their next session. Whereas, Messrs. James Rhodes and Gideon Hoxsie, who were appointed a committee to remove all the stock from Block 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 379 Island, exhibited unto this Assembly an account of the stock taken from said island, belonging to sundry persons, together with the valuation, thereof, as follows, to wit : Account of Sheep and Lambs taken by the Colony, from Block Island, September 2, 1775. £ s. d. Giles Pierce, two hundred and forty-one fat sheep and lambs, at £6 10s., per score John Paine, seventy-eight sheep, at £6 10s., per score Walter Rathbun, seventeen " " " " - Abel Franklin, thirty-two " " " " John Littlefield, sixty-two " " " Capt. John Sands, one hundred and five sheep, at £6 10s., per score, Edward Sands, Jr., twenty Joshua Sands, Esq., five Henry Willis, Jr. fifteen Samuel Rathbun, four John Barber, ninety-six Thomas Dickens, eleven John Mott, two lambs " " Hezekiah Dodge, three lambs- " " Benjamin Sheffield, six " - " -! Henry Littlefield, two " - " " John Mitchell, five Thomas Mitchell, nine " " " Jeremiah Mitchell, one " " " John Littlefield, forty three lambs - " Capt. John Sands, one hundred and sixty-nine store sheep and lambs, at £5, per score John Littlefield, one hundred and forty-eight sheep, at £5, per score, John Barber, one hundred and seventy-five " " " Thomas Mitchell, twenty-seven " " John Mitchell, ten Jonathan Mitchell, ten Joseph Mitchell, three " " George Franklin, eight Henry Littlefield, five Nathaniel Littlefield, twelve " " '• Edward Sands, Jr., twenty-nine " " Joshua Sands, four Ezekiel Sheffield, fourteen Henry Willis, two John Mott, one Giles Pierce, four hundred and forty-one Abel Franklin, twenty-eight John Paine, twenty-three H H it 78 06 6 25 03 0 5 10 6 10 18 0 20 03 0 34 02 6 6 10 0 1 12 6 5 07 6 1 06 0 31 04 0 3 11 6 0 13 0 0 17 6 1 19 0 0 13 0 1 12 6 2 18 6 0 06 6 13 19 6 42 05 0 37 00 0 43 15 0 6 15 0 2 10 0 2 10 0 0 15 0 2 00 0 1 05 0 3 00 0 7 95 0 1 00 0 3 10 0 0 10 0 0 05 0 tio 05 0 7 00 0 5 15 0 £ s. d. 2 05 0 1 10 0 2 10 0 1 10 0 1 00 0 0 15 0 1 00 0 £534 09 6 380 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. Walter Rathbun, nine sheep, at £5, per score Nathaniel Littlefield, Jr., six sheep, at £5, per score Henry Wilhs, Jr., ten Tormut Rose, six Daniel Mott, four Jeremiah Mitchell, three Ezekiel Rose, four Total sheep and lambs, one thousand nine hundred and eight. And the said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that the amount thereof, being £534 9s. M., lawful money, be paid out of the general treasury to the per sons to whom the same is respectively due, as mentioned in said account. Whereas, Mr. Sylvester Gardner and Benjamin Gardner, who were appointed a committee, to remove the stock from Jamestown, and to appoint a committee to appraise the same, presented unto this Assembly the following account of the stock removed from the said island, and appraisement there of, to wit : Account of Stock taken by the Colony, from Jamestown, August 30, 1775. Samuel Carr, one ox, one cow and twelve sheep Isaac Howland, six oxen, two heifers " " thirty-four sheep and one lamb, at 9s. 5 l-2d., Pain Hammond, four oxen and two bulls Joseph and Benjamin Underwood, two oxen and one cow - " " " seventeen sheep, at 8s. 3d. Daniel Weeden, Jr., one heifer and one steer " " twenty-five sheep - Edward Carr, two oxen and one cow Nicholas Carr, two oxen Benjamin Carr, two oxen " " twenty-one sheep, at 9s. George Tew, one ox John Eldred, one cow " " twenty-four sheep, at 9s. - £ s. d 20 10 0 £ s. (/. 64 04 0 16 10 9 80 14 9 45 00 0 21 00 0 7 00 3 28 00 3 8 08 0 12 16 3 21 04 3 28 04 0 21 10 0 15 18 0 9 09 0 25 07 0 11 08 0 7 17 6 10 16 0 18 13 6 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 381 Isaac Pierce, four oxen, one cow, four heifers and one steer, " " one cow " " one hundred and twenty-five sheep, at 9s. Gershopi Remington, two oxen Hazard Knowles, three oxen and two heifers " three heifers, two steers and one bull " twenty-nine sheep, at 8s. 3d. Daniel Carpenter, five heifers " " two oxen " " one hundred sheep, at 9s. James Carr, Jr., two oxen " " three heifers Josiah Arnold, Esq., one cow, four heifers and two bulls John_Howland, two oxen " " twenty-six sheep - William Battey, two oxen - Thomas Fowler, two heifers and one steer " " one cow " " twenty sheep, at 9s. James Carr, two oxen " " ten sheep Daniel Weeden, two oxen " " one cow " " one heifer Abraham Chace, two oxen " " one heifer John Martin, two oxen £ s. d. £ ». d. 68 18 0 6 00 0 56 05 0 131 03 0 - 21 00 0 34 17 6 19 16 0 11 19 3 66 12 9 24 00 0 19 00 0 45 00 0 88 00 0 18 00 0 9 12 0 27 12 0 35 09 6 19 16 0 11 14 0 31 11 6 21 00 0 12 18 0 5 05 0 9 00 0 27 03 0 14 17 0 4 10 0 19 07 0 24 00 0 5 16 0 5 00 0 34 16 0 19 04 0 3 06 0 22 10 0 23 12 6 £850 09 0 And the said account being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that the amount thereof, being £850 9s., lawful money, be paid out of the general treasury, to the several per sons to whom the same is respectively due, as mentioned in said account. Whereas, the town council of the town of Newport, pre sented a memorial to this Assembly, setting forth the distressed situation ofthe town, occasioned by the withholding from the ministerial fleet, stationed in the harbor of Newport, their usual supplies of fresh beef, beer, &c. ; in consequence of which, the ferry boats, market boats, fish boats and wood ves sels, are prevented from coming to the town with their usual supplies of provisions and fuel, for the use of the inhabitants ; 382 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. by means, whereof, together with a stagnation of trade, they are now exposed to all those dreadful consequences which must inevitably arise through the want of the common neces saries of life. And thereupon prayed this Assembly to take into their most serious consideration, the truly affecting state of that once happy town, and to grant them such relief in the premises, as shall be thought proper, consistently with the common inter est ; and this Assembly taking the subject matter of the said memorial into their most serious consideration,^ It is voted and resolved, that the town of Newport may, for the safety thereof, as far as may consist with the general safety, negotiate with Capt. Wallace, for the supplying the ships there with beef, beer, &c, as heretofore, upon his stipu lating that the ferry boats, wood boats, with their passengers, &c, pass and repass unmolested, with the common supplies for the town, of the common and usual necessaries of life. That the commander in chief upon the said island, be in structed to permit said negotiation, and regulate the supplies for said ships. And that he, from time to time, remove the troops under his command, from place to place, as he shall think may best tend to the general safety, and the peace and happiness of the town of Newport ; paying the greatest attention to, and having the tenderest concern for, the true and lasting peace, support and relief, thereof ; still having an eye and just preference to the general safety, and the common cause of America. It is voted and resolved, that the declaration made by Col. Edward Cole, and by him signed before this Assembly, be printed in the Providence newspaper. It is voted and resolved, that £200, lawful money, be al lowed for the relief of the poor of the town of Newport, and paid out of the general treasury, to the overseers of the poor of said town of Newport. That the moneys be first applied towards the immediate re moval of such of the poor as are not now chargeable, and are not able, but are willing, to remove from the town ; and that 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 383 the remainder be appropriated for the support of such poor per sons as may choose to remain there. That William Vernon and John Read, be added to the over seers, to assist about the removal of such poor. That those poor persons who shall be immediately removed, carry a certificate with them ; and if they become chargeable in such towns, that they be maintained by the colony. An Act establishing an independent company in the county of Kings county, by the name of the Kingstown Reds. [See printed Schedule, for this act.] An Act establishing an independent troop of horse in the county of Providence, by the name of the Captain General's Cavaliers, for the county of Providence. [See printed Schedule, for this act.] It is voted and resolved, that the Honorable Nicholas Cooke, Esq., Ambrose Page, Esq., James Arnold, Jr., Esq., Jonathan Randall, Esq., John Sayles, Jr., Esq. and Henry Ward, Esq. ; Metcalfe Bowler, Joseph Anthony, William Bradford, Joshua Babcock, John Jenckes, John Smith, John Mathewson, John Dexter, Job Olney, Stephen Whipple, William Greene, Paul Mumford and John Potter, Esqs., or any seven of them, to gether also with all such members of the General Assembly, as shall be present, be, and they are hereby, appointed a commit tee to act during the recess of the General Assembly, upon any sudden important emergency, with full power to take all prudent and necessary measures for the safety of the United Colonies in general, and this colony, in particular. That they be empowered to employ the two armed vessels, and the whole force of the colony, in such manner as they shall think the public interest and safety shall require ; and that this act continue in force until the next session of the Assembly. Complaint being made to this Assembly, that divers people, taking an undue advantage of the consternation and distresses of the town of Newport, have exacted most exorbitant prices 384 RECORDS OF ME COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. for the removal and wharfage of the goods of the inhabitants of said town ; — It is therefore resolved, that William Richmond, John Cooke, Samuel Dyer, John Barker and John Jepson, Esqs., or the majer part of them, be, and hereby are, appointed a committee to state the price for every cart load of goods from the said town to the different parts of the island ; and also of the wharfage and transportation, thereof, over any of the ferries from Rhode Island. That any one ofthe said committee be, and hereby are, em powered to press carts and teams for the removal of the goods of the said inhabitants. And that in case any person shall demand a greater price than shall be so fixed, for the removal of goods, he or they, so offending, shall forfeit and pay, as a fine (one half to the in former, and the other half to and for the use of the town where the offence shall be committed), the sum of £3, lawful money, to be recovered by the town treasurer, before any justice of the peace in the county of Newport. An Act for embodying, supplying and paying a regiment, consisting of five hundred men, for the defence of the United Colonies in general, and of this colony, in par ticular.Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that five hundred men, field and commissioned officers included, be enlisted, raised and em bodied, with all expedition and dispatch, and be formed into one regiment, under the command of one colonel, one lieuten- atit colonel and one major ; that there be one adjutant and one quartermaster. That each field officer's company be commanded, under such field officer, by one captain -lieutenant, one lieutenant and one ensign ; and each of the other companies, by one captain, one lieutenant and one ensign ; and that said regiment consist of eight companies. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that £ 8. 15 00 12 00 10 00 6 00 4 00 3 10 5 10 3 00 2 08 2 04 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 385 each able bodied man, who shall enlist into the service, and find himself a small arm, bayonet and other accoutrements, shall be allowed and paid sixteen shillings, therefor. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that each officer and soldier shall receive the following monthly wages, while in the service, to wit : The colonel - lieutenant colonel - major - captain-lieutenants and each captain lieutenant - ensign - adjutant - quartermaster - sergeant - corporal, drummer and fifer Each private man, forty shillings per month ; and that his first month's wages be advanced at the time of his enlistment. And be it further enacted, that each soldier shall have a blanket and knapsack given him by the colony. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that each soldier be enlisted by signing the following enlistment, to wit : Form of Enlistment. I, the subscriber, hereby solemnly engage and enlist myself as a soldier, in the pay of the colony of Rhode Island, for the pre servation ofthe liberties of America, and the defence of the United Colonies in general, and of this colony in particular, from thi day of my enlistment for one year, unless the service admit of a discharge sooner, which shall be at the discretion of the General Assembly ; and I hereby promise to submit myself to all the or ders and regulations of the army, and faithfully to observe and obey all such orders as 1 shall receive from time to time, from my officers. vol. vn. 49 386 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. And be it further enacted, that no officer or soldier be ar rested, prosecuted or detained in jail, for any debt, whatsoever, less than £15, lawful money, due to one creditor.- And that every apprentice who shall enlist into the said regiment, shall be entitled to three-quarters of his wages, he finding his own clothes ; and his master the other quarter ; provided, he deliver to such enlisted apprentice all the wearing apparel he shall then be possessed of ; but in case he shall not do so, that then the said apprentice shall take the whole of his wages. And be it further enacted, that Eseck Hopkins, Esq., be, and he is hereby, appointed commander in chief of said regi ment, and the regiments of militia in the county of Newport, with the title and rank of brigadier general- That he bp empowered to fill up all vacancies of commis sioned officers, till further order of the General Assembly ; and that he be allowed the sum of ,£20 per month. And be it further enacted, that said regiment be embodied for twelve months, from the rising of the General Assembly, unless sooner disbanded. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. John Jenckes and John Potter be a committee to purchase of Mr. John Brown, for the use of the colony, all the powder he has to sell. It is voted aud resolved, that the sheriff of the county of Providence, forthwith take into possession the shop and house, situate, lying and being in the town of Providence ; being the estate of Gilbert Deblois, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, in the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, merchant ; together with all other interest and estate of the said Gilbert Deblois, in the county of Providence. That he lease the same to the present tenant, he paying as much therefor, as any other person, and giving security to the general treasurer for the payment of all rents now due, and that may hereafter arise. That the said sheriff take into his possession all the goods in said shop, together with the books of accounts of James Hill ; 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 387 notifying him to attend this House, forthwith, that he may be examined touching the property of the said Gilbert Deblois. And that the said sheriff take into his possession the shop of John and Jonathan Simpson, of said Boston, situate in said Providence, and lease the same to the present tenants, they giving as much therefor, as any other person ; and giving security to the general treasurer for the payment of all rents already due, and for such as shall become due, to the said gen eral treasurer. An Act dividing the Company of Militia in the town of Rich mond, into two companies. [See printed Schedule, for this act.] It is voted and resolved, that the sheriff of the county of Newport, take into his possession the house and estate of Ralph Inman, situate in Newport, now in possession of the widow Partridge ; and that he lease the same to the present tenant, she paying therefor as much as any other person, and giving security to the general treasurer for the payment of all rents due, and that may hereafter arise. Whereas, Messrs. Joseph Dennison, 2d, and Company, exhibited unto this Assembly, an account by them charged against the colony, for the amount of the schooner Polly, taken by the enemy while in the colony's service, removing stock from Block Island ; and also for the amount of the charter of the sloop Hector, employed in the abovementioned service, and charges of provision, wages, &c. ; and also for sundries sup plied the soldiers, who went on Block Island in said service ; and the said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed; and that the amount thereof, being £374 ls. 10c?., lawful money, be paid to the said Joseph Dennison, 2d, and Company, out of the general treasury. Whereas, Mr. Benjamin Bosworth, who was appointed to re move the stock from the island of Prudence, belonging to sun- 388 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775, dry persons, and to cause the same to be valued, presented unto this Assembly an account and valuation thereof, as follows, to wit : [The total appraisement, in lawful money, amounted to £530 6s. 10d.] An Act for the punishment of persons who shall be found guilty of holding a traitorous correspondence with the ministry of Great Britain, or any of their officers or agents ; or of sup plying the ministerial army or navy, that now is, or may be, employed in America, against the United Colonies, with provisions, cannon, arms, ammunition, warlike or naval stores, or of acting as pilots on board any of their ships and vessels. Whereas, the ministry of Great Britain, have, for several years last past, steadily pursued a plan for subjecting the in habitants of the British colonies, in America, to an absolute, unconditioned state of slavery ; and have proceeded at length to the burning of our towns, and spreading desolation and slaughter, as far as it hath been in their power, through the country, in a manner totally inconsistent with the practice of civilized nations, and unworthy of the reputation formerly sus tained by British troops. And whereas, the aforesaid colonies have been reduced to the fatal necessity of taking up arms, in defence of those ines timable rights and liberties, which they derive from the un erring laws of nature, and the fundamental principles of the British constitution ; and which they cannot resign, but with their lives. And whereas, several of the inhabitants of the said colonies, lost to every generous sentiment of liberty, of love to their country, and posterity, have kept up a traitorous correspond ence with, and supplied the ministerial troops and navy ; and some of them have acted as pilots on board their ships and vessels, whereby the safety and liberties of the said colonies may be greatly endangered. Be it therefore enacted by this General Assembly, and by 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 389 the authority thereof, it is enacted, that if any of the inhabit ants ofthe said colonies, within this colony, or any of the in habitants of this colony, within any other colony, shall be found guilty of holding a traitorous correspondence with the ministry of Great Britain, or any of their officers or agents ; or of sup plying the ministerial army or navy, that now is, or may be, employed in America, against the United Colonies, with provi sions, cannon, arms, ammunition, warlike or naval stores ; or of acting as pilots on board any of their ships or vessels, he or they, so offending, shall suffer the pains of death, as in cases of felony ; and shall forfeit his lands, goods and chattels, to the colony, to be disposed of by the General Assembly, as they shall think fit ; all necessary charges of prosecution, condemnation and execution, being first deducted. And that all offences against this act, shall be cognizable be fore the superior court of judicature, court of assize and gen eral jail delivery of this colony. Provided, nevertheless, that the negotiation and treaty ofthe town council with Capt. Wallace, respecting the supplying the ships of war stationed in the harbor of Newport, and the regu lations thereof, by the commanding officer, allowed of by this General Assembly, at this present session, be, and the same is' hereby, excepted out of this act. And be it further enacted by this General Assembly, that this act be in force in ten days after the rising of this Assem bly ; and that a copy, thereof, be published in the Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette. It is voted and resolved, that ;£20,000, lawful money bills, be immediately printed, to supply the treasury, for paying off and discharging all the colony's debts, whether on security or otherwise ; and that the bills be signed by Metcalfe Bowler, Henry "Ward, Joseph Clarke, John Cole, Thomas Greene, John G. Wanton and John Dexter, Esqs. That all bills under five shillings, be signed by two of the committee, and all the other bills by three of the committee. That the same shall be a lawful tender in discharge of all 390 RECORDS OP THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. contracts, debts, dues and demands, whether of a public or private nature ; that said bills carry no interest. That the whole of said bills be redeemed in five years from the. time of emission, by a general tax, to be levied on the in habitants of this colony ; and that said bills shall be of the fol lowing value, to wit : 1,500, of forty shillings, each, is - £3,000 3,000, " thirty " - - 4,500 4,000, " twenty " - 4,000 5,000, " ten " - - 2,500 6,000, " five " - 1,500 8,000, " three " - 1,200 12,000, " two " - - 1,200 20,000, " one •' - - 1,000 16,000, " nine pence " - - 600 20,000, " six " " 500 Total - - - - £20,000 Which bills, shall be of the following form : The possessor of this bill shall be paid, by the general treasurer of the colony of Rhode Island, , lawful money, within five years from the date hereof. By order of the General As sembly. Providence, the Qth day of November, A. D. 1775. And on the said bills, there shall be the same impression and motto, as on the lawful money bills, heretofore emitted ; and that said bills shall be redeemed at the rate of one silver Spanish milled dollar for every six shillings, or other silver and gold equivalent, agreeably to the law of this colony, declaring what shall be lawful money. And that said bills be signed in the council chamber, in Providence, and not elsewhere. Whereas, the Viper sloop of war, took the sloop Polly, 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 391 Samuel Barnes, master, belonging to New York, bound from Antigua to New York, and put a midshipman as prize master, with several hands, on board, with orders to proceed with the said vessel and cargo to Boston ; and also put on board Isaac Eslick, of Bristol, in this colony, as pilot of said sloop ; prom ising the said Eslick, that in case he piloted the said sloop faithfully into the harbor of Boston, they would deliver up to him a boat taken from him, with the goods on board her, then in the possession of one of the enemy's ships. But the said Eslick, with two of the men belonging to said sloop, who were left on board, having with great address brought the said sloop into Seaconnet River, so that she, with her cargo, were recovered out of the hands of the enemy, and taken into the possession and care of General Eseck Hopkins, and thereby the said Isaac Eslick hath lost all hopes of recov ering his said boat and goods ; and, as in justice and equity, satisfaction and encouragement, in such cases, ought to be made and given, — It is voted and resolved, that the sum of $250, be paid to the said Isaac Eslick, and $50, to each of the other persons, instrumental in saving the said sloop and cargo out of the enemy's hands, out of the value of the said sloop and cargo, in proportion to the properties of the several owners. And that, upon the payment of the said sum, together with all the costs and charges that have arisen upon the said sloop and cargo, since her being in the possession of the said Eseck Hopkins, and upon proof of their respective properties, the said Eseck Hopkins deliver the said sloop and cargo to the owners of the same, respectively ; David Currie, one of the principal freighters of the goods on board the said sloop, having appeared before this House, and declared himself satisfied with the above order. It is voted and resolved, that the inhabitants of Nantucket, upon producing certificates from the committee of correspond ence, of Falmouth, specifying any particular articles of provi sions and necessaries, with the quantities, may purchase and ship from any town in this colony, such articles, first applying 392 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. to the committee of correspondence ; and having inserted in the certificate, the quantity of each article, and giving his or their security, in double the value of the goods, to transmit to the said committee of Falmouth, within four months from re ceiving the same, an account, thereof, with a certificate from the selectmen of Nantucket, that the same vwis landed tbere, and was necessary for the internal consumption of the in habitants. It is voted and resolved, that Ambrose Page, Esq., be re quested to procure the two row gallies, belonging to. the colony, to be immediately completed fit for service ; and that he draw out of the general treasury, the sum of £400, lawful money, for the purpose, aforesaid. Whereas, a number of accounts were laid before this Assem bly, by sundry persons, charged against the colony, for their respective services, and sundries by them supplied, for the use of the troops who went to Bristol, on the alarm of the 7th inst. ; and the said accounts being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and are hereby, allowed ; and that the several sums by them charged, be paid out of the general treasury, to the persons to whom tbe same are due respectively. Whereas, a number of persons, considering the distressed situation of their debtors, occasioned by the restrictions of trade, have not commenced suits against them, for the re covery of their just debts ; and thereby, if the statute of limi tations in personal actions, should continue in force, may lose the same ; — Be it therefore enacted by this General Assembly, and by the authority thereof, it is enacted, that the statute of limita- tations in personal actions, be, and the same is hereby, re pealed. An Act declaring the office of Governor of this colony, vacant. Whereas, this General Assembly, at the session held at Providence, on the first Wednesday in May last, made and passed an act (for divers weighty reasons therein mentioned,), 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 393 to prevent the Honorable Joseph Wanton, Esq., who was chosen Governor of this colony, at the general election held on the said first Wednesday in May, from acting in the said office ; which act hath been continued from session to session, until now, without proceeding to declare the said office vacant, from a tender regard to the said Joseph Wanton ; and in order to give him an opportunity of making due satisfaction for his former conduct, and of convincing this General Assembly of his friendly disposition to the United Colonies, in general, and to this colony, in particular. And whereas, the said Joseph Wanton, by the whole course of his behaviour, since the passing of the said act, hath con tinued to demonstrate that he is inimical to the rights and lib erties of America, and is thereby rendered totally unfit to sus tain the said office. And whereas, the calamities of the present times, make it necessary for this General Assembly to avail themselves of the advantages given them by charter, and the fundamental prin ciples of the constitution ; — This General Assembly do therefore resolve and declare, and by the authority thereof, it is resolved and declared, that the said Joseph Wanton hath justly forfeited the office of Governor of this colony ; and that thereby the said office is become vacant. Whereas, sundry persons laid before this Assembly, ac counts by them charged against the colony, for billeting a number of persons who went to the assistance of the town of East Greenwich, to disperse the rioters assembled with Ste- phen Arnold, Esq., in September last ; and the said accounts being duly considered by this Assembly, — It is voted and resolved, that upon the said Stephen Ar nold's paying £15, lawful money, of said expense, the follow ing sums be paid out of the general treasury, to wit : £ s. d. To William Arnold - - - - 10 00 03 Preserved Pearce - - - * 5 05 07 Oliver Arnold - - - - - 4 01 00 VOL. VH. 50 394 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1775. £ S. d. Richard Mathewson - - - - 11 07 10 Caleb Arnold - - - - 1 05 05 Whereas, Henry Ward, Esq., exhibited unto this Assembly, an account by him charged against the colony, for his attend ance upon His Honor the Deputy Governor, at Cambridge, to assist the committee appointed by the Continental Congress, to confer with General Washington, upon the best methods for forming, establishing and regulating a Continental army ; and the said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed; and that the amount thereof, being £7 4s., lawful money, be paid the said Henry Ward, out of the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that any and all deeds or convey ances of any of the real estates of George Rome, Jahleel Brenton and Benjamin Brenton, all of Newport ; of Ralph In man, Gilbert Deblois and Samuel Sewall, all of Boston ; of Thomas Hutchinson, late of Boston ; of Thomas Moffatt, now or late of New London ; of the heirs of Andrew Oliver and John Borland, both late of Boston, deceased, lying and being within this colony, made and executed by any of them since the 5th day of October last past, and not placed to record at or before that time ; or that hereafter may be made, be, and the same are hereby, declared void, to all intents and purposes, whatever. It is voted and resolved, that the rules and orders for regu lating the army of observation, raised by this colony, made and passed by the General Assembly, at the session held at East Greenwich, on the second Monday in June last, be, and the same are hereby, extended to the regiment now ordered to be raised and embodied for the defence of this colony ; and that said regiment be governed thereby. It is voted and resolved, that all the mortgage deeds, bonds and other securities, belonging to the grand committee's office, be immediately removed from the town of Newport, to the town of Providence, by the keeper of the said office ; and in 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 395 case that he shall decline removing the same, it be done by the sheriff of the county of Newport ; and that they be lodged in the secretary's office, until further orders from the General Assembly. Whereas, Mr. Benjamin Crane, presented unto this Assembly the following confession and declaration, to wit : Confession and Declaration of Benjamin Crane, to the General Assembly. To the Honorable General Assembly of the colony of Rhode Island, now sitting in Providence : Some time about the 1 2th instant, I was on board a sloop, near Hope Island, that formerly belonged to Mr. John Brown, of Providence, and then in the care ot Thomas Gilbert. The reason I went oh board said sloop was, that I heard said Gilbert was on board, and thought he might be serviceable to me, in getting some money which I have due in Boston ; and when I was about to return home, I was persuaded by said Gilbert to take a number of letters to his friends in the country ; and I acknowledge I am heartily sorry I have been guilty of so imprudent a conduct, as it since appears to me to be ; and I heartily beg forgiveness of Your Honors, and promise that my future conduct shall be agreeable to my confession, as I am fully determined to risk my life and fortune in the cause of American liberty. These are the free and voluntary sentiments of Your Honors's most humble servant— BENJAMIN CRANE. And the said confession and declaration being duly con sidered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be satisfactory to this General Assembly, and therefore the said Benjamin Crane is discharged from his confinement ; and that his boat be delivered to him, he paying all the charges of his being apprehended, and of his confinement. Whereas, Mr. Ambrose Cleveland presented unto this As sembly, the following confession and declaration, to wit : Confession and Declaration of Ambrose Cleveland, to the Gen eral Assembly. To the Honorable General Assembly of the colony of Rhode Island, now sitting at Providence : Whereas, the memorial of Ambrose Cleveland, acknowledges he is wrong in sign ing Brigadier Ruggles's Association, under Colonel Gilbert, and training under said 396 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. Gilbert for two days, and going to Boston, and working at the King's works ; and like wise of my saying I could pilot the fleet as far as Bowers's ; all which, I am heartily sorry for, and for the future I am determined to stand for the rights and liberties of my country, as far as lies in my power. I therefore beg the Honorable House will forgive me, and pray that I may be re ceived as a friend to my country. I am, with regard, Your Honors' most obedient, humble servant, AMBROSE CLEVELAND. And the said memorial being duly considered by this Assembly, — It is voted and resolved, that the said Ambrose Cleveland be discharged from his confinement, upon condition that he im mediately proceed to Freetown, of which he is an inhabitant ; and that he does not, on any pretence, remove out of said town for one year from the date hereof, and paying all the charges of his being apprehended, and his confinement. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. Joseph Brown and Eseck Hopkins, be, and they are hereby, appointed a commit tee, to go through this colony, and determine in what places it may be necessary to erect batteries or entrenchments for the defence of this colony ; and in what towns to provide field pieces, specifying the number, the bore and the weight of metal ; and also whether any fire ships are necessary, and what number, and in what places it will be proper to sink hulks, &c. That the said committee make report to the grand committee of safety, appointed to act during the recess of the General Assembly. That the commander in chief of this colony call the said grand committee together, to consider of the said report, by advertising them, and all the members of the General Assem bly, of the time and place of meeting, by an advertisement to be inserted in the Newport Mercury (if continued to be pub lished,) and Providence Gazette, one week before the time of meeting. That the said grand committee take the same into considera tion ; and in case they shall approve the said report, or any part thereof, the said Joseph Brown and Eseck Hopkins be 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 397 empowered to carry the same into execution ; and, under the direction of the said grand committee, to draw such sums of money out of the general treasury, as shall, from time to time be necessary for the said purposes ; and that the troops ordered at this session to be raised, be employed in the aforesaid ser vice, as much as may be. Whereas, Mr. George Wightman, Jr., presented unto this Assembly, the following petition and declaration, to wit : Petition and Declaration of George Wightman, to the General Assembly. To the Honorable the General Assembly of the colony of Rhode Island, &c., now sitting at Providence : Whereas, Your Honors have been pleased to admit of my presence, wherein I en deavored to relate the plain truths respecting my being accused of supplying the enemy, and now have no just reason to imagine that I have deviated from it, except that I am too apt to speak with an unbecoming warmth, in justification of my own conduct. Therefore, I pray Your Honors may forgive and consider my weakness and ina„ bility to address such a number of worthy members, who are constituted to represent this our unhappy colony, and again be entreated to hear patiently your humble pe titioner's present unhappy situation, with those of my aged and honored parents, wife and children. I hereby acknowledge that I have heretofore, from time to time, as opportunity in public and private may have offered, been inimical to the just rights and privileges of this, my native country, and was fully persuaded that the right and power of His present Majesty, and all the laws enacted by him and his ministers, were and ought ever to be binding in all cases on every subject in Britain and America ; but Your Honors may be, and are hereby, assured that I never have supplied or agreed to supply, any ship or vessel belonging to His Majesty, except by compulsion, notwith standing I was of this sentiment. And seeinc the present destruction and calamities of my country in general, and this colony, in particular, with the cruel and horrid exertions of His Majesty's forces put in execution against us, I utterly deny and abhor these their proceedings ; and if Your Honors may be entreated to suffer me again to be admitted to your favors, and to the favor of all my distressed countrymen, I hereby heartily engage, from a just conviction of my erroneous sentiments, that I will, for the time to come, lend all my reasonable assistance in endeavoring to oppose the present proceedings of His Majesty's ministers against this once happy country, and do hereby sincerely implore the forgiveness of this Honorable General Assembly. And that I may be restored to their favors, I do hereby promise that my future conduct shall be subservient to the rules of the Honorable the Continental Congress, and the orders of this Honorable Assembly. GEORGE WIGHTMAN, JR. 898 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. And the said memorial being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be satisfactory to this General Assembly ; and that the petitioner be discharged, upon condition that he does not go a freighting in his own boat or any other, for the term of six months from the date hereof ; and pay all charges which have arisen upon his being appre hended and confined. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Nathaniel Mumford, Thos. Greene and Gideon Mumford, Esqs., be, and they are hereby, appointed to wait on the Honorable the Continental Congress as soon as conveniently may be, to receive of the said Congress what is due from the United Colonies, to this colony, and to give discharges ; and that they carry all the accounts and vouchers with them. It is voted and resolved, that the delegates of this colony at the Continental Congress, and Mr. Nathaniel Mumford, Thomas Greene and Gideon Mumford, Esqs., who are appointed a com mittee to receive the money due from the United Colonies, to this colony, or any three of them, are hereby fully empowered finally to adjust the accounts carried by the said committee, and to make such deductions therefrom, as shall appear to them contrary to the allowances made to the other colonies, and reasonable. Whereas, the Honorable Darius Sessions, Esq., presented unto this Assembly, the following memorial, to wit : Memorial of Darius Sessions, to the General Assembly. To the Honorable General Asssembly of the colony of Rhode Island, to be holden at Providence, the 31st day of October, A. D. 1775 : The memorial of Darius Sessions, of said Providence, humbly showeth : That at a session of the General Assembly, in April last, an act passed for raising and embodying fifteen hundred men, for the defence of the colony, &c. ; against which, your memorialist entered a protest,* expressed in terms which greatly dis pleased the General Assembly and the good people of the colony, for which he is very sorry, and now craves their forgiveness ; and as he is in principle a friend to * See page 311. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 399 the hberties of America, it is his determination to unite and co-operate with his countrymen in defending all our invaluable rights and privileges. I am, gentlemen, your humble servant, DARIUS SESSIONS. And the said memorial being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be accepted ; that it is fully satisfactory to this General Assembly ; and that the Honorable Darius Sessions, Esq., be received into their favor and friendship. The return of the choice of officers, for the United Artillery Company, in the county of Providence, was read in Council, and is as follows, to wit : Names of the Officers of the Providence United Company of Artillery. Levi Hall, was chosen lieutenant colonel, in the room of Daniel Hitchcock. Elihu Robinson, major, in the room of John Crane. Robert Taylor, captain, in the room of Elihu Robinson, Daniel Stillweli, lieutenant fire-worker. Which being duly considered by the Council, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby are, approved. Whereas, Mr. John Dennis presented unto this Assembly, the following memorial, to wit : Memorial of John Dennis, to the General Assembly. To the Honorable the General Assembly of the colony of Rhode Island, &c, now sitting at Providence : The humble representation and memorial of John Dennis, of Prudence Island, in the township of Portsmouth, in said colony, merchant, humbly showeth : That your memorialist deems it his greatest happiness to have been born and edu cated in a country where the love of liberty, to an eminent degree, is the character istic of its inhabitants ; and rejoices that he is allowed the favor of making applica- tion to this Honorable Assembly, who have nobly exerted themselves, in a most just and patriotic opposition to that system of tyranny and despotism designed for en- 400 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1775. slaving the American colonies. He has ever gloried in being a freeman of this colony, and a warm friend and well wisher to the liberties of America. He has always justified the measures of the Continental Congress, in opposition to the British ministry, and is ready to contribute his full proportion, and give all rea sonable assistance, towards prosecuting the present war, justly undertaken in defence ofthe United American colonies. That these have been his general sentiments, he appeals to those who have been conversant and acquainted with him ever since this unhappy dispute subsisted be tween Great Britain and the colonies ; but, humanam est errare ; it is peculiar to mankind to commit errors, and the best may slip at an unguarded hour. It is a great grief to your memorialist, that he has by any means given cause for any to suspect him as inimical to his country ; he prays hberty to represent the circum stances which have occasioned this suspicion. It is true, some conversation passed between him, Mr. Aaron Chace and Mr. Thomas Dennis, as contained in the evidence ; he never thought of supplying the least article to our enemies, until it was accidentally mentioned in that discourse ;¦ but the prospect of a very great profit arising therefrom, and not properly minding that which chiefly ought to have been considered, the inestimable value of the American cause, the cause of our country, ourselves and posterity, led him foolishly to entertain discourse respecting the matter so far as he did. But upon the reception of Mr. Chace's advice, and when he came seriously to re flect upon the folly and wickedness of supplying our inveterate enemies, although the gain might b '. ever so great, he was immediately sorry that he had expressed any thing that might have a tendency that way, and never did any thing in consequence of that conversation. With respect to the evidence given in by Mr. Thomas Dennis, your memorialist saith, that he had been applied to by several gentlemen in Newport, to procure them potatoes, for the use of their respective families ; and therefore he applied to, him to freight them to Newport. In regard to those potatoes which he has now by him at Prudence, he solemnly declares that he had not the least view or intention of selling them for the use of the- British army or navy, or any of our enemies, or of putting them in such a situation that they would probably fall in their way ; but that he purchased them with a sole view of sending them to Carolina ; to these facts, he is ready to make solemn oath. These are the circumstances which have caused a suspicion, that he is inimical to the American colonies ; a suspicion, which gives him the greatest anxiety, because he is conscious of his innocency, and is very loth to incur the displeasure of the pubhc. He can have no ill design against his country ; it would bo contrary to his interest and principles ; his expressions in his conversation, have never favored of disaffec tion or malice to the liberties of his countrymen ; he has spoken two orations in their favor, at public commencements in this town ; he has only offended in the afore mentioned instance, for which he is extremely sorry ; and as he wishes well to the American cause, and is heartily wilhng to do his best endeavors to assist in support ing it, he hopes that Your Honors will not be severe against him for that offence ; he is extremely sorry that his imprudence has given Your Honors this trouble. He prays for your clemency and compassion ; and that if Your' Honors are sat isfied with this, his declaration, which he solemnly affirms to be true, that you would be pleased to dismiss him from his present arrest ; and as in duty bound, will ever pray, &c. JOHN DENNIS. 1775.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 401 And the said memorial being duly considered by this As sembly, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, accepted ; that it is satisfactory, and that therefore the peti tioner be discharged. Whereas, Mr. Arthur Dennis presented unto this Assembly, the following petition, &c, to wit : Petition of Arthur Dennis, to the General Assembly. To the Honorable the General Assembly of the colony of Rhode Island, &c, now sitting at Providence : Arthur Dennis, of Prudence Island, humbly showeth : That some time in the month of July last past, he was informed that Mr. Saipuel Pearce had said that he, the said Arthur, had given intelligence to Capt. Wallace, respecting the packet which was taken by Capt, Abraham Whipple, of which the said Arthur was entirely innocent. This caused him to enter into conversation with the said Pearce about the matter, as mentioned in his evidence now before Your Honors ; when he told him that he possibly might have an opportunity of conveying intelligence, and making much thereby ; but that he scorned doing such a thing; but upon being threatened to be confined on board Captain Whipple's privateer, and other conversation passing, the said Arthur was put in a violent passion, which caused him to express himself in a very indecent, unbecoming manner, as mentioned in Mr. Pearce's evidence. Soon after, Mr. William Pearce told him that the said Samuel Pearce designed to have him put on board Capt. Whipple's sloop ; which made the said Arthur very imprudently express himself in the manner as mentioned in said William Pearce's evidence, respecting giving intelligence to said Wallace, in order that he might take the said Samuel Pearce. But he, the said Arthur, never did give any such intelligence ; and has since, al though much unwell, appeared under arms in defence of the colony, when the town of Bristol was inhumanly attacked and fired upon by the ships of war. He, the said Arthur, also did imprudently express himself to Capt. Angell and Samuel Olney, as in their several evidences before Your Honors, owing to passion and sudden surprise. But, he the said Arthur, humbly represents to Your Honors, that although the said expressions were rash and unadvised, yet he has always been and we have paid that sum also into the general treasury ; for both which sums, we have the treasurer's receipts. NATHANIEL MUMFORD, THOMAS GREENE, Providence, January 8, 1776. GIDEON MUMFORD. And the said report being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, accepted. It is voted and resolved, that for the future, all persons who entertain any of the marching troops in this colony, if they sup ply but three meals of victuals before the troops leave the house, they shall be allowed nine pence per meal ; if more than three meals, that they be allowed for the whole at the rate of nine shillings per week ; that in cold weather, two pence, per night, shall be allowed for each soldier's lodging ; that no liquor be found them, upon the colony's account ; and that this act be published in the Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette. 412 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Samuel Westcoat be chosen and appointed first lieutenant of the row-galley, com manded by Capt. John Grimes, in the room of Thomas Ar nold, who refuses ; and that Mr. Francis Bradfield be ap pointed master of said row-galley, in the room of John Kelton, who refuses. It is voted and resolved, that the general treasurer be, and he is hereby, directed to discharge all accounts of billeting sol diers on Block Island, that are properly authenticated by the commanding officers. Whereas, Messrs. Samuel and William Vernon exhibited unto this Assembly, an account, by them charged against Jacob Greene and Company, for six new double -fortified four-pound cannon, with their carriages ; together with one hundred and thirty round shot, six bags of grape shot, some sliding and bar shot, with ladles, rammers, sponges, worms, &c. ; and the said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that the amount thereof, being ^100, sterling, be paid the said Samuel and William Vernon, out ofthe gen eral treasury. Whereas, Mr. Ezekiel Burr, exhibited unto this Assembly, an account, by him charged against the colony, for his time, horse hire and expenses, in going express to His Excellency General Washington, at Cambridge, by order of His Honor the Governor ; and the said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed; and that the amount thereof, being £2 lis., lawful money, be paid the said Ezekiel Burr, out of the general treasury. Whereas, Mr. Ebenezer Coffin, of Nantucket, preferred a peti tion, and represented to this Assembly, that in consequence of a permit from the selectmen of Falmouth, he purchased a quantity of apples and cider, with a design to lade the same on board his said schooner, now in this colony, for Nantucket, 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 413 and applied to His Honor the Governor, for a permit for that purpose, who was pleased to grant the same, he complying with the regulations therein mentioned. That having laded the same on board said schooner, and be ing ready to sail, the sheriff, by order of His Honor the Gov ernor, took said vessel and effects into his custody ; where upon, the petitioner again applied to His Honor the Governor,. and informed him of all and singular the premises ; who was pleased to entrust to his care, a request to the sheriff to permit Said vessel to sail for Nantucket ; and that nothing be laded on board, except apples and cider. Yet notwithstanding, two days afterwards, and before the pe titioner could sail, the same sheriff took said vessel and effects into his custody, in consequence of a second command from His Honor the Governor ; and still holds and detains the same, al though the petitioner hath always demeaned himself irreproach ably-, strictly observing and obeying as well the commands of His Honor the Governor, as of the several committees, and others his superiors, in their several offices and departments, in no matter whatever, contravening their commands. And that his said cargo and effects are perishable, and have in all probability, suffered in the late severe weather, and fur ther detention will ensure great loss, and expose the said vessel and cargo to the most imminent danger, especially at this rigorous season of the year ; and thereupon prayed this As sembly to take the premises into consideration, and permit him to depart in peace with his effects ; and this Assembly having taken the premises into consideration, — It is thereupon voted and resolved, that the prayer of the said petition be, and the same is hereby, granted ; upon con dition that the petitioner give bond, with good sureties, to the general treasurer, to deliver the goods mentioned in said peti tion, at Nantucket, and to return to the general treasurer, a certificate for the same. Whereas, Mr. Benjamin Brenton, who was taken into cus tody, by order of General Hopkins, and his estate and interest taken into possession, in behalf of the colony, on account of 414 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. bis being inimical to this, his native country, and to the liber ties of America ; and upon a suggestion of his supplying the ministerial fleet, stationed in the harbor of Newport, with live stock, &o, preferred a petition to this Assembly, asserting his innocence, declaring his regard for the liberties of his country, and promising that his future conduct shall be agreeable to the rules of the Honorable the Continental Congress, and of this General Assembly ; and thereupon, prayed that he might be reinstated in the friendship and esteem of his countrymen ; that he might be permitted to return to his distressed family ; and that his estate and interest might be restored to him ; and the premises being duly considered by this Assembly, — It is thereupon voted and resolved, that the prayer of said petition be, and the same is hereby, granted. It is voted and resolved, that Col. Thomas Church be, and he is hereby, appointed to repair to the camp, near Boston, and collect all the small arms there belonging to the colony, and bring them up to this colony. That he receive the money due for those arms that were ap praised ; that he inquire after the locks belonging to the colony, and bring them up also ; and that he deliver the guns and locks to Mr. John Smith, of Providence, to be by him delivered to the committee of safety of each county, in proportion. It is voted and resolved, that there be an artillery company, to consist of fourteen men ; each including officers, raised in each of the following towns, to wit : Providence, Warwick, Cranston, East Greenwich, North Kingstown, South Kingstown, Jamestown, Charlestown, Wes terly, Warren, Bristol, Barrington, Portsmouth, Little Comp- ton, Tiverton, Newport and Middletown. That each of said towns be supplied, at the charge of the colony, with two, three or four-pound field pieces, on carriages, with other appurtenances excepting the towns of Providence, East Greenwich, North Kingstown and Newport, which are already supplied. That the said companies meet half a day in every week, to exercise the cannon, and be allowed one shilling, lawful 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 415 money, for their time, each half day ; and when they are called upon to march out to action, to be allowed the same wages as the other artillery companies ; that the officers on ex ercising days be allowed as follows : The captain, two shillings and sixpence ; and the lieutenant, two shillings, lawful money, per half-day ; which officers are to be chosen by the respective towns. That the several towns proceed to choose the officers, and the officers enlist the men, immediately. That an ammunition cart be provided for each town ; and that the committee of safety, for each county, be directed to see that each of the towns be provided with cannon, &c, agreeably to this vote. It is voted and resolved, that Col. James Angell, William Ellery and Henry Marchant, Esqs., be a committee, to prepare and draw an act for raising and equipping a body of minute men, to be held in readiness, for the better defence of this colony. And also an act for the encouraging the manufactures of salt peter and gunpowder, and make report, thereof, to this session of Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that another regiment of seven hundred and fifty men, including officers, to consist of twelve companies, be raised for the defence of this colony, over and above what has been already ordered to be raised. Whereas, Ambrose Page, Esq., who was appointed to build two row-gallies, for the service of the colony, laid before this Assembly, an account, by him charged against the colony, for materials by him furnished, and for his time in attending said business ; and the said account having been duly examined by Mr. Nathaniel Mumford, Thomas Greene and Gideon Mum ford, Esqs., who reported a balance of £380 12s. 2d., lawful money, due to the said Ambrose Page ; which being consid ered by this Assembly, — It is voted and resolved, that the said report be, and the same is hereby, accepted ; and that said balance be paid the said Ambrose Page, out of the general treasury. 416 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Whereas, Capt. Abial Brown laid before this Assembly, an account, charged against the colony, by sundry persons, who served under him, as minute men, for their services and ex penses in the action on Jamestown ; and the said account hav ing been duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is,. allowed ; and that the amount, thereof, being £43 12s., law ful money, be paid to the said Abial Brown, out of the general1 treasury, to be by him, paid to the several persons named in said account. Whereas, the said Abial Brown laid before this Assem bly, an account, charged against him by sundry persons, for damage and loss sustained in their furniture, &c, in the late attack on Jamestown ; and the said account being duly exam ined, — It is voted and resolved, that <£12 10s. Id., thereof, and no more, be allowed ; and that the same be paid to the said Abial Brown, out of the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that Capt. Abial Brown proceed, as soon as possible, with his minute company, upon James town, there to remain till further orders from His Honor the' Governor. That His Honor the Governor be requested to write to the commander in chief at head quarters, on Rhode Island, re questing him immediately to put as many soldiers or minute men on Jamestown, as can be spared, compatibly with the ser vice there ; and that the number of men placed on said island do not exceed three hundred. Whereas, the town of South Kingstown, has not been fur nished with their proportion of powder ; and have, at sundry alarms, sent a considerable quantity to Jamestown, — It is voted and resolved, that Col. Mathewson furnish the town of South Kingstown with two quarter casks of powder,. to be delivered to Col. Robert Brown ; and that one hundred weight of lead be also delivered to the said Robert Brown, for the use of said town. It is voted and resolved, that Colonel Daniel Tillinghast 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 417 be requested immediately to send one field piece, properly equipped, to Warwick, to be used in the defence of that place. Whereas, the committee, who were appointed to inquire the price of cannon, laid before this Assembly, a memorial Ad dressed to them, from the owners of furnace Hope, which is as follows, to wit : Report qf the Committee, appointed by the General Assembly, to inquire the price of Cannon. Providence, January 12, 1776. Gentlemen : — In consequence of your application to us for heavy cannon, we have taken pains to inquire for suitable persons to assist in making them, and are now putting the furnace in readiness, by building the necessary additional works to carry the same into execution. And have also made inquiry of the price they can be made for at Philadelphia ; and in consequence thereof, we now offer to make what heavy cannon we can, at £35, lawful money, per ton, warranted good ; but in this case, we expect the colony to be obliged to take whatever cannon they now agree for, whether the war should continue or not. Under this price, we cannot undertake, as there are no workmen in these parts, that can be procured, that ever made heavy cannon ; we must must get them from the westward, at a very high rate, and pay their expenses and wages by the day, from the time tbey come from home, and until they return back. The government are to be at the expense of proving the cannon ; for which pur pose, they must appoint a person to see it done; but in ease any fail of proof, we to be at the expense of proving such only as fail. NICHOLAS BROWN, JABEZ BOWEN, JOSEPH BROWN, JOHN BROWN, RUFUS HOPKINS, The committee appointed to inquire the price of cannon. And the premises being considered by this Assembly, — It is voted and resolved, that this colony agree with the sub- scribers of the foregoing memorial to take of them thirty can-. non, eighteen-pounders, and thirty twelve-pounders, at the price therein mentioned ; provided, they are ready for use by the 10 th day of May next. And that Ambrose Page, Esq. and Col. John Mathewson, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to ascertain the bore, dimensions aDd weight of the cannon. VOL. VIL 53 418 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that the £40,000, lawful money bills, emitted by this colony, carrying interest, be brought into the general treasiiy within one month, after the rising of this As sembly, to be exchanged for other bills carrying no interest ; that no interest be allowed on the first mentioned bills, after the end of said month. And that £40,000, lawful money bills, be immediately struck off, carrying no interest ; which, together with the bills of credit lately received from the Continental treasury, be im proved in exchanging the first mentioned lawful money bilk, and all other debts due from the colony, carrying interest. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Joseph Lawrence be em ployed to proceed to Groton and New London, and purchase for the use of the colony, of Messrs. Thomas Mumford and Na thaniel Shaw, Jr., all the powder they have in Providence and Bedford ; and that he be empowered to draw upon the general treasurer for the amount thereof. It is voted and resolved, that £3 15s. lawful money, be paid to Jonathan Pierce, out of the general treasury, for five gun locks delivered to Caleb Harris, Esq., for the use of the colony. It is voted and resolved, that the head-quarters at Rhode Is land, be immediately supplied with five hundred weight of gunpowder, from the government's magazine, at Providence. It is voted and resolved, that North Kingstown be supplied with one quarter cask of powder, and about one hundred weight of lead. That East Greenwich be supplied with one quarter cask of powder ; that the same be done immediately. And that Exeter be supplied with about one hundred weight of lead. It is voted and resolved, that Col. James Arnold be directed and fully empowered to place the two eighteen-pound cannon at Pawtuxet, on field carriages, at the expense of the colony. Whereas, this General Assembly, at the session held on the first Wednesday in May last, ordered £20,000, lawful money,, to be emitted ; and at the session held on the second Monday in June last, ordered £10,000, lawful money, to be emitted ;, 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 419 and at the session held on the 28th day of June last, ordered £10,000, lawful money, to be emitted, all which bills carried an interest of t\Vo and an half per cent, per annum. And whereas, the Honorable the Continental Congress, and the several provincial Assemblies and conventions, considering the distressed situation of the colonies, engaged in a war with a powerful nation, for the defence of their lives, liberties, pro perties and everything dear to mankind ; and relying upon the manly spirit and zeal of the colonists, have made divers emis* sions of bills of credit, without allowing any interest thereon. And whereas, the burthens and hardships of this colony are so great, that this Assembly have passed an act for redeeming the aforesaid emissions of this colony by the Continental bills of credit now in the general treasury, and by an emission of £40,000, lawful money, to be forthwith made, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the said sum of £40,000, be immediately struck off, in bills of the same form and tenor with those ordered to be emitted at the last session ; that they be signed and lodged in the general treasury ; that all bills of five shillings, and upwards, be signed by three of the committee ; and all bills under five shillings, by two of the committee ; and that the bills be of the following denomi nations : 3,000, of sixty shillings each, is - - - £9,000 4,000, " forty " - - - 8,000 6,000, " thirty " - - 9,000 6,000, " twenty " - - 6,000 6,000, " ten " - - 3,000 6,000, " five " - - 1,500 6,000, " four " - - 1,200 7,500, " three " - - 1,125 5,000, " two " - - 500 6,000, " one " - - 300 6,000, " ninepence " 225 6,000, " sixpence " - - - 150 £40,000 420 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1776. And be it further enacted, that the said lawful money bills be a lawful tender for paying and discharging all debts and de mands, whatsoever ; and that said bills be redeemed within five years from the date, thereof. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. John G. Wanton, John Dexter, John Cole, Joseph Clarke, Welcome Arnold, Thomas Greene and James Congdon, 3d, be, and they are hereby, ap pointed to .sign all the lawful money bills of credit, ordered by this Assembly to be emitted ; that they be allowed and paid out of the general treasury one-quarter per cent, for their trouble. That Mr. John Carter be employed to print said bills at one shilling and fourpence, per hundred ; and that the committee appointed to sign said bills, procure paper for the same, at the charge of the colony. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor be re quested to write to the delegates of this colony, at the Conti nental Congress, and to request them to inform this House what information they have had, respecting any letters that have been written by any of the inhabitants of this colony, to any person in the city of Philadelphia, respecting the situation of the town of Newport, and the supplying of Capt. Wallace with provisions ; and of any reflections that have been by such letters, cast upon any part of this colony ; and also to inform this Assembly of the names of such letter- writers ; and to pro cure and transmit to this Assembly copies of such letters, if they can be obtained* It is voted and resolved, that the speaker of this House be requested to purchase at the charge of the colony, all the three and four-pound shot he can find in the town of Newport. And that His Honor the Deputy Governor be requested to purchase, at the charge of the colony, all the three and four- pound shot he can find in the county of Bristol. It is voted and resolved, that in case the colony shall purchase any quantity of powder, of Messrs. Mumford and Shaw, that 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 421 five hundred weight, thereof, be sent to the headquarters, for the defence of Rhode Island, over and above what is already ordered. It is voted and resolved, that the minute men that have al ready been drawn,- continue for three months from the time of drawing ; and that as many of them as are willing, may enlist as soldiers in either of the companies. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Cromel Child be, and he is hereby, empowered to draw out of the general treasury, the sura of £30, lawful money, towards paying for removing hay, &c, off the island of Prudence. And that Mr. Sylvester Gardner draw out of the general treasury, the sum of £45, lawful money, towards paying for removing hay, &c, off the island of Conanicut. Whereas, Mr. George Gracie preferred a petition, and rep resented unto this Assembly, that soon after his first arrival in America, he has been employed by Mr. George Rome ; that he commenced serving him on the 1st of June, 1773, and con tinued in his service until he was taken into custody, by order of General Hopkins, in the absolute execution of said Rome's business. That a considerable sum of money still remains due to him from said Rome ; and thereupon, prayed that this Assembly would order him payment out of said Rome's estate, which has taken into possession in behalf of the colony. And the premises being duly considered by this As sembly, — It is voted and resolved, that the petitioner be directed to draw out his account against the said George Rome, and send it to the commanding officer at head-quarters ; who is re quested to send the same to said Rome, in order to be adjusted. Whereas, Mr. Joseph Farrish preferred a petition to this As sembly, setting forth, that on the 27th of November last, he was taken up by order of Col. Richmond, upon a suspicion of his having served the King's ships, stationed at Newport, with beer, and of being unfriendly to the the American cause ; and 422 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. after being had before the committee, was committed to jail, where he has remained ever since. That, as to the charges alleged against him, if he has erred in any matter, it was rather from want of judgment, than any evil design ; and that he can say with the strictest truth, that he is a hearty well-wisher to the American colonies ; and thereupon, prayed this Assembly to take the premises into con sideration, and release him from the irksome confinement of a prison, that he may seek some honest employment for a liveli hood, in the way of his business, which he is ready to accept with cheerfulness, and perform with integrity, if it is thought fit, in the service of the colony > and the premises being duly considered by this Assembly, — It is voted and resolved, tbat the said petition be granted ; that the petitioner have the liberty of sending his account to the commanding officer, at head-quarters ; who is requested to send the same to George Rome, in order to be adjusted. And that the petitioner be forbid going upon any of the islands in this colony, on any pretence whatsoever. It is voted and resolved, that Col. Thomas Church be di rected, and fully empowered, to pay the ensigns in the service of the colony, now at head-quarters, at Cambridge ; and to those who are returned from said service, ten shillings, lawful money, each per month, from the 1st day of September to the 31st day of December last, being four months ; and that he draw a sufficient sum out of the general treasury, for that purpose. It is voted and resolved, that in case any body or detach ment of the Continental troops shall march into this colony, the commanding officer, thereof, be, and he is hereby, empowered to impress horses, cattle, carts and wagons, sufficient for the transportation of the provisions, baggage aud ammunition of such body or detachment, to such places within the colony, as the service shall require. It is voted and resolved, that each town in this colony, by a warrant from their town clerk, call a town meeting within three weeks from the rising of this General Assembly, and make 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 423 order that their respective town councils give in a list of alt persons in their towns, being inhabitants thereof, and obliged by law to equip themselves with a good fire-arm, bayonet and cartouch box, and who are not able to purchase the same ; and make report thereof, to a town meeting to be held in one week from said first town meeting. And thereupon, said town shall immediately make order for the supplying such persons with a good fire-arm, bayonet and cartouch box, at such town's expense, to be lodged with the captains of such district wherein such poor persons belong, for their use upon any proper occasion, by the 20th day of April next. And be it further enacted, that upon failure of any town in this colony, of complying with the foregoing order, such town be liable to the fine of £100, to be paid into the general treasury ; and to be recovered by bill, plaint or information, before the superior or inferior courts for the county to which such delinquent town belongs. And be it further enacted, that all such pesons who are by law obliged to equip themselves with a good fire-arm, bayonet and cartouch box ; and who shall not by report of such town council, be reported incapable of providing themselves, as aforesaid, do provide themselves by the 20th day of April next, agreeably to law, under the penalty of £5, to be recov ered by bill, plaint or information, before the superior or infe rior court, in the county wherein such delinquent resides ; and the same fine to be lodged in the town treasury of such town where such delinquent resides, for the purpose of purchasing fire-arms, and necessary accoutrements, therefor. And each captain shall make return of such delinquents within his district, to his colonel or commander in chief, by ithe 1st day of May next, under the penalty of £5, to be re covered, as abovesaid, and to be dismissed from his office j which fines shall be lodged in the town treasury to which said captain belongs, and to be recovered as the above fines are ordered. And that the colonels ofthe regiments make return, thereof, 424 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. to the General Assembly, to be holden on the first Wednesday in May next. And the secretary is hereby required to send a printed copy of this act to each of the town clerks in this colony, within two weeks from the rising of this Assembly. Whereas, the committee, who were appointed to prepare an address from the Golony, to the Continental Congress, laid be fore this Assembly, a draft of said address, which is as follows, to wit : Address of the Colony of Rhode Island, to the Congress, relative to its Condition. To the Honorable the Delegates of the United Colonies, now convened in General Congress, at Philadelphia : WTe, the General Assembly of the English colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, beg leave to represent to you the state and condition of said colony, and to request such assistance as our situation and the welfare of the United Col onies shall appear to recjuire. Soon after the conclusion of the late glorious war, in the successes of which, the colonies had so considerable a share, we were alarmed with divers acts of the British Parliament, strongly indicating a design to divest the colonies of those rights which are essential to the freedom of a people, and which they had enjoyed, with but few innovations, from their first settlement. The act passed in 1765. for levying stamp duties in America, and many subse quent acts, manifested that design so clearly, as to leave no room for- a doubt. This colony, ever tenacious of its liberty, zealously took a part in all the common measures entered into for the common safety. WThen, at length, the ministerial troops, by the attacks at Lexington and Concord, had reduced us to the necessity of immediately taking up arms, or submitting to a slavery, which, at the distance we are placed from the seat of the power to be ex ercised over us, must be the most absolute and terrible that we can form an idea of; this colony, notwithstanding its exposed situation, did not hesitate, it did not wait for the example of more powerful colonies ; but conforming itself to the spirit of the resolutions ofthe Honorable the Continental Congress for 1774, ordered a body of men to be raised, and marched to the encampment, pear Boston. Unfortunately for the inhabitants, this colony is scarcely any thing but a hne of sea coast. From Providence to Point Judith ; and from thence, to Pawcatuik river, is nearly eighty miles ; on the east side of the bay, from Providence to Seaconnet Point, and including the east side of Seaconnet, until it meets the Massachusetts line, is about fifty miles ; besides which, are the navigable rivers of Pawcatuck and Warren. On the west side of the colony doth not extend twenty miles ; and on the east side, not more than eight miles, from the sea coast above described. In the colony are also included the following islands : 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 425 Rhode Island, about sixteen miles in length; Conanicut, nin"; Block Island, nine ; Prudence, seven ; and the smaller islands, Patience, Hope, Gold Island, and several others ; all which, are cultivated and fertile, and contributed largely to the public expenses ; the greater part of the above mentioned shores, are accessible to ships of war. By an exact estimate, taken in the year 1 774, the whole number of inhabitants in the colony, amounted to fifty-nine thousand six hundred and seventy-eight ; the town of Newport contained nine thousand two hundred and nine ; was the principal place of trade, and paid above one-sixth part of the public taxes ; a very considerable com merce was also carried on from Providence ; and several small towns in the colony were also concerned in trade and navigation ; ship building was a great branch of business. In short, the inhabitants of this colony, derived their subsistence almost wholly from commerce. The convenient situation of this colony, for receiving supplies from the other colonies, for the Continental army, near Boston, we suppose was a principal reason why so great a number ofthe King's ships have been stationed in our bay ; we hav ing had, for above seven months past, two ships, of twenty guns ; one, of sixteen ; a bomb-ketch, and about eight tenders, who having made prizes of more vessels be longing to this colony, than have been lost by any other, have put almost a total end to commerce ; have committed repeated depredations in different parts of the colony ; have kept our coasts constantly alarmed, and obliged the inhabitants to keep almost continually under arms. The once flourishing town of Newport, by the loss of trade, and consequent cessa tion of all business, instead of being able to contribute to the expenses of the war, hath been reduced to so deplorable a state, that we have been obliged to grant money out of the general treasury for the support of their poor ; and many of the wealthy inhabitants have not only left the town, but the colony. Conanicut and Prudence, lately the scenes of the most wanton and savage deso lation and barbarity, deserted ; New Shorebam, from its situation, is rendered worse than useless to the colony ; and the other islands will no longer be of service to any but the enemy. The troops sent by this colony to the army, near Boston, amounted to about sev* enteen hundred, inclusive of officers ; of which, two hundred and fifty, are in Col, Arnold's detachment, in Quebec ; many have entered on board the armed vessels fitted out by General Washington ; particularly almost every officer and seaman in the brio- commanded by Capt. Martindale, unfortunately taken and carried into Boston, belonged to this colony ; and of the others, the greater part by far, have re- enlisted into the Continental servhe, so that very few of them have returned, or can return. We fitted out two armed vessels for the protection of our commerce and coasts, which carried upwards of one hundred men ; one, of which, is now at Philadelphia, in the Continental service, with the greater part of her crew ; above an hundred men have also been enlisted for the Continental navy ; we have also built and equipped two row-gallies, to carry fifty men each. Besides these extrarordinary exertions, we were alarmed in October last, with the arrival of a number of transports from Boston, destined to procure fresh provi sions for the ministerial anny. To prevent their obtaining supplies, was an object vol. vii. 54 426 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. of such great importance, as obliged us to send u, number of minute men upon the several islands, to defend the stock, which created a most enormous expense. When the Asssembly met in November, a regiment of five hundred men was ordered to be raised, for the defence of Rhode Island and the other islands ; notwithstanding which, we have been obliged repeatedly to call forth our minute men ; to prevent the great charge of which, we have augmented the regiment ordered to be raised in Novem ber, to seven hundred and fifty men, exclusive ofa company of artillery, consisting of one hundred and five men, with their officers ; and have also voted another regiment of seven hundred and fifty men, to be immediately raised and equipped ; besides two hundred and thirty-eight artillery men, for the managing of thirty-four field pieces, ordered to be procured and placed in the several towns, upon the sea-coast. We have ordered sixty cannon, eighteen and twelve-pounders, to be cast; and have already sent a vessel, with a very valuable cargo, to purchase powder and other warlike stores ; and are fitting out another, which will soon sail. From the above representation of our situation, exertions and losses ; and the de predations of the enemy, which are not exaggerated ; the exhausted state of the colony, and its utter inability to maintain the present force established and voted, as well as to take any further measures to defend itself, will clearly appear. WTe need not observe to you the great importance of Rhode Island, or the dam ages that would be sustained, by the. enemy's possessing themselves thereof; its har bor and the adjoining Narragansett Bay being greatly superior to any other in America ; and its convenient situation with respect to the sea and the other colonies, making it still more important. We therefore request that you will give the earliest attention to this address, and have no doubt that you will take the most proper measures for defending the colo ny ; otherwise, Rhode Island, and the other islands in the bay, with the surrounding sea coast upon the continent, must be depopulated, and the colony entirely ruined. We submit the foregoing to your judicious determination ; and are, With great respect and confidence, Your Honors's most obedient, humble servants, AVILLIAM BRADFORD, HENRY MARCHANT, HENRY WARD, SYLVESTER CHILD, WILLIAM ELLERY, GIDEON MUMFORD. JOSEPH BROWN, Signed at the request and in behalf of the General Assembly. Providence, January 15, 1776. And the said address being duly considered by this As sembly, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, approved ; that the secretary make a fair copy, thereof, which His Honor the Governor, is requested to sign, and forward by the first good opportunity to the delegates of this colony, to be presented by them to the Continental Congress. Whereas, on Saturday, the 23d of December last, divers 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 427 people were guilty of a high-handed riot in West Greenwich, greatly insulted the colonel, broke the sword of the adjutant, and prevented the militia of the first company from draughting or enlisting one-fourth part thereof, agreeably to an order of the committee, appointed to act during the recess of the Gen eral Assembly ; and on Tuesday, the 26th of the same month, were guilty of another riot, and prevented the said draught and enlistment. And whereas, Alexander Hopkins, Tibbitts Hopkins, Henry Hopkins, William Sweet, Simon Whitford and Jonathan Math ewson, have been accused to this House of being the principal persons who were active in said riot ; of whom, Tibbitts Hop kins, Henry Hopkins and Simon Whitford, are now in jail, at Providence ; there being a warrant issued against the said Al exander Hopkins, who hath hitherto secreted himself ; a war rant having been also issued against the said William Sweet, who by reason of sickness, still remains at his own house ; and no warrant hath been yet granted for apprehending the said Jonathan Mathewson ;^ It is therefore resolved, that His Honor the Governor be re quested to issue his warrant for apprehending the said Jona than Mathewson ; and that the sheriff of the county of Kent, use his utmost diligence to apprehend the said Alexander Hop kins and Jonathan Mathewson, and commit them to jail in the county of Kent ; and the said William Sweet, when capable of being removed. And that the said Alex. Hopkins, Henry Hopkins, Tibbits Hop kins, Wm. Sweet and Jona. Mathewson, upon their entering into recognizance in the sum of £25, each ; with surety for £25, for each, before any justice ofthe superior court, to appear before the superior court, at their next term in the county of Kent ; and to abide by the judgment that shall be then and there given, they shall be dismissed from jail ; otherwise, that they remain confined until the meeting of said court ; and that the attorney general be required to prosecute them at said court, according to law. It is voted and resolved for the future, that any person, being a member of the General Assembly of this colony, and who 428 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. shall be appointed to any military command, and be under pay as such ; and shall accept such office, and receive his commis sion, his seat shall thereupon be immediately vacant ; and if a member of the lower house, a warrant shall thereupon be issued by the speaker, to the town which elected such member, order ing such town to elect a deputy in his place ; and if a member ofthe upper house, the General Assembly shall proceed to elect a member in his place. And be it further enacted, that in any future choice of mag istrates or members of the lower house, no person, being a military officer, under pay as such, shall be elected to serve in either house of the General Assembly. Provided, nevertheless, that this act shall not extend to mi litia officers, or officers of minute companies, and who may only receive pay upon particular and special occasions. Whereas, Mr. John Lawton exhibited unto this Assembly, an account, by him charged against the Hon. William Brad ford, Esq., for sundries provided for General Lee, and the Guards who went with him to Rhode Island, during their stay at Newport, keeping their horses, &c. ; and the said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that £30 Id., lawful money, being the amount thereof, be paid to the said John Lawton, out of the general treasury. An Act for encouraging the manufactures of saltpeter and gun powder. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof it is enacted, that there shall be given and paid out of the colony treasury, a premium or bounty, of £10, for every hundred pounds weight of good and merchantable salt peter or nitre, that hath been made or manufactured in this colony, since the 1st day of September last past, or that shall be made or manufactured therein, before the 1st day of January, 1777 ; and so in proportion, for a greater or less quantity. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 429 Provided always, that in case any proprietor of saltpeter works, or manufacturer of saltpeter, shall, upon application and request made to him by any person or persons, neglect or re fuse to communicate a full account of the materials out of which, and the process by which, such saltpeter or nitre is made, such proprietor or manufacturer shall not be entitled to have or receive the aforesaid bounty or premium, for any salt peter or nitre he shall make ; any thing herein contained, not withstanding. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that a suitable number of inspectors of saltpeter or nitre, be ap pointed by this General Assembly ; and that the claimants of the premium or bounty, given by this, or any former act, for the manufacture of saltpeter or nitre, shall procure the saltpeter or nitre, by them made, to be examined by one or more of said inspectors ; and shall also make oath before such inspec tor, that such saltpeter or nitre, was made and manufactured in this colony, out of materials collected therein, by him or them, or for his or their account, and that no other certificate hath been had or given for the same ; which oath, such in spector is hereby enabled to administer. And that thereupon, said inspector shall give to the claimant or claimants a certificate of the quantity and quality of such saltpeter or nitre ; and that proof hath been made, as afore said, that the same was manufactured in this colony, by such claimant or claimants, and draw an order on the colony treasury, to pay such claimant or claimants the amount of the aforesaid bounty or premium on such nitre or saltpeter, out of the colony treasury, and charge the same to the colony's ac count ; who shall accept and pay such order, accordingly. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that every town in this colony, in which saltpeter or nitre works are not, or shall not be erected, and the manufacture of saltpeter is not, or shall not be, carried on by some private person or persons, shall be, and hereby are, enjoined as soon as may be, to erect one set of such works, and carry on the manufacture of nitre or saltpeter, in the same. 430 RECORDS OF TnE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. And that it shall be the duty of the town council of each town in this colony, and they are hereby authorized and enjoined, at the expense and for the benefit of said town, to cause such works to be erected ; and the manufacture to be carried on in the same, accordingly. And be it also further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no saltpeter, nitre or gunpowder, made and manufactured in this colony, or that shall be made or manufactured in this colony, shall be exported out of the same, by land or water, without the license of the General Assembly, or His Honor the Governor and committee of safety, under the penalty of £20, for every hundred weight of such saltpeter, nitre or gunpowder ; and proportionably for a greater or less quantity so without license exported ; to be recovered by bill, plaint or information, in any court of record in this colony, by law proper to take cognizance thereof. And whereas, it is necessary that one powder mill be immediately erected in this colony, for manufacturing gun powder, — Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that a bounty or premium of £30, shall be paid out of the colony treasury to the person or persons who shall erect a powder mill in this colony, and shall make and manufacture therein five hundred pounds weight of good and merchantable gunpowder. And whereas, it is expedient that such powder mill should be so situated as to accommodate the public -in the best manner, — Be it therefore further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no powder mill shall be erected in this colony, for the manufacture of gunpowder, without the license of the General Assembly ; or in their recess, of the general committee, ap pointed to act during the recess of the General Assembly, first had and obtained, under the penalty of £30, for every such of fence ; to be recovered in manner as the aforesaid penalty in this act as above directed. And it is further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the inspector or inspectors, who shall inspect and give a cer tificate for any quantity of saltpeter, as before directed, shall 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 431 purchase and receive such saltpeter, for the colony's use and benefit, and give his or their receipt therefor, to the claimant or claimants, who shall be paid therefor, out of the colony treasury, at the rate of four shillings and four pence, for every pound weight of saltpeter or nitre, so made, as aforesaid, ex clusive ofthe said bounty so to be given, as aforesaid. And be it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid, hat the following persons be, and they are hereby, appointed in spectors of nitre or saltpeter, in this colony, to wit : His Honor the Governor, Metcalfe Bowler, Joshua Babcock, Jabez Bowen, Hezekiah Usher, Nicholas Paris Tillinghast, Stephen Wigneron, Andrew Balfour and Benjamin Slack. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the act passed by this Assembly, at the session held on the third Monday in August last, for encouraging the manufacture of saltpeter, be, and the same is hereby, repealed. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that a copy of this act be published in the next Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette. It is voted and resolved, that the thanks of this General Assembly be given to the inhabitants of the towns of Rehoboth and Swanzey, in the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, for their spirited zeal and activity, exerted in defence of this colony, upon every alarm that hath happened in those parts of this colony bordering upon them ; and that His Honor the Governor be requested to transmit the same to the selectmen of the said towns, to be communicated to the inhabitants. It is voted and resolved, that there be appointed, for the regiment ordered at the last session to be raised, a surgeon, at the wages of £7 10s., per mouth ; and a surgeon's mate, at the wages of £4, per month. And that every able-bodied, effective man, who hath enlisted into, and still remains in, the said regiment, or shall enlist therein, finding himself a musket, bayonet and other accou trements, shall receive sixteen shillings, aud receive two months' wages advance. 432 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that all the stock, corn, provisions and hay, upon the island of Prudence, be removed with all possible dispatch ; and that His Honor the Governor be re quested to give orders to Col. Christopher Lippitt, to assist with the troops under his command in removing the same. An Act for raising an additional regiment, for the defence of the United Colonies in general, and this colony in particu lar, and for embodying the same ; and the regiment or dered to be raised at the last session of Assembly, into one brigade.Whereas, the present alarming situation of this colony, from the powerful invasions of the enemy, and the danger of still more formidable attacks, render it necessary that a considera ble addition be made to the forces of this colony; — Be it therefore enacted by this General Assembly, and by the authority thereof it is enacted, that a regiment, consisting of seven hundred and fifty men, including officers, be immedi ately raised for the defence of the United Colonies in general, and this colony in particular, to be commanded by one colonel, one lieutenant colonel and one major ; that there be appointed therefor, one adjutant and one quartermaster. That the said regiment consist of twelve companies ; which shall be commanded by one captain, one lieutenant and one ensign ; excepting the companies of the three field officers, which shall have one captain-lieutenant, one lieutenant and one ensign. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that each able-bodied, effective man, who shall enlist into the said regiment, and find himself a small-arm, bayonet and other ac coutrements, shall be allowed sixteen shillings, therefor, and and shall receive two months pay advance, at the time of enlisting. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that each officer and soldier shall receive the following monthly wages, while in the service, to wit : 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 433 The colonel - " lieutenant colonel " major Each captain and captain-lieutenant " lieutenant ensign £ s. 15 00 12 00 10 00 6 00 4 00 3 10 5 10 3 00 2 08 2 04 2 00 " adjutant - " quartermaster - " sergeant - " corporal, drummer and fifer - " private - - - - - And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that each field and commissioned officer shall receive ten shillings per week ; and each non-commissioned officer and private, six shillings per week, for billeting, from the time of his enlist ment, until they shall be embodied ; and shall also receive two months' pay before they join the body, and the weekly billet due to him, as soon as may be. That each soldier shall also have a blanket and knapsack given him by the colony ; and that each soldier finding him self a blanket, shall receive therefor, twelve shillings. And the field and commissioned officers, after the regiment shall be embodied, be allowed the same rations, in lieu of billet, as are allowed to the officers of the Continental army. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no officer or soldier shall be arrested, prosecuted or detained in jail, for any debt whatsoever, less than £15, lawful money, due to one creditor. And that every apprentice, who shall enlist into the said regiment, shall be entitled to three-quarters of his wages ; he finding his own clothes ; and his master shall be entitled to the other quarter ; provided, he shall deliver to such enlisted ap prentice, all his wearing apparel ; otherwise, the apprentice shall receive the whole wages. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that vol. vn. 55 434 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. each soldier shall be enlisted by signing the following en listment, to wit : Form of Enlistment. " I, the subscriber, hereby solemnly engage and enlist my self as a soldier in the pay of the colony of Rhode Island, for the preservation of the liberties of America, and the defence of the United Colonies in general, and this colony in particular, from the day of my enlistment, for one year ; unless the ser vice shall admit of a discharge sooner, which shall be at the discretion of the General Assembly. And I hereby promise to submit myself to all the orders and regulations of the army, and faithfully to observe and obey such orders as I shall receive from time to time from my su perior officers." And whereas, this Assembly, at the session held on the last Wednesday in October last, ordered a regiment of five hun dred men to be raised, for the defence of the United Colonies in general, and of this colony in particular ; and at the present session ordered the said regiment to be augmented to seven hundred and fifty men, inclusive of officers, and exclusive of the artillery company to the same belonging, consisting of one hundred and five men, officers included ; — Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that for the better governing, directing and exerting the force of the said regiment, and the regiment by this act ordered to be raised, that the same be, and hereby are, formed into one brigade, under one commander in chief, who shall have the title of brig adier general ; that a major of brigade be appointed therefor ; and that the brigadier general shall receive £20, lawful money, per month ; and the major of brigade, £9, lawful money, per month ; and shall also receive the same allowances for billet ing, as are made to officers of their rank, in the Continental service. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that there be a surgeon, and three surgeon's mates, appointed for 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 435 said brigade ; that the surgeon shall receive £9, per month, and the surgeon's mates, each £4, per month ; and that the surgeon and the mates shall receive the same rations in lieu of billet, as such officers receive in the Continental army. And for the better supplying the said brigade with clothing, and other necessaries, — Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that a com missary be appointed, who shall also be sutler to the said brigade, and shall receive one per cent, upon all the business he shall transact ; that he be, and hereby is, directed and required to deliver out such things as shall be provided by the colony, for the use of the troops, at prime cost, including the charges that shall accrue thereon ; and that he deliver nothing to any sol dier, without an order from the captain or commanding officer for the time being, of the company to which such soldier shall belong ; and that the commissary or sutler do not pay any sol dier more than one-third of his wages ; and such officer is hereby restricted from drawing in favor of any soldier for more than one-third of the amount of the wages due to him. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that whosoever shall be appointed commissary and sutler, shall give security to the general treasurer, in the penal sum of £10,000, for the faithful performance of his duty ; that he be, and here by is, forbidden to carry with him, or offer to the soldiers upon his own account, any necessaries of the same kind with those that shall be sent by, or on account of the government ; and that he be empowered to appoint one or more deputies under him, being accountable for his or their conduct. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the committee of safety for this colony provide arms, tents, and all other necessaries, for the said brigade, provisions excepted ; that they pay the wages of the officers and soldiers, thereof, once in three months, as they shall become due. And that they be allowed one per cent, for transacting the business ; any law, custom or usage, to the contrary hereof, notwithstanding. 446 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Both Houses being resolved into a grand committee, chose the following officers, to wit ; Officers for the Regiment Ordered at this Session to be Raised. Henry Babcock, Esq., colonel ; Christopher Lippitt, Esq., lieutenant colonel; and Adam Comstock, Esq., major. John Angell, captain of the first company ; who declining to serve, Job Olney, was chosen in his stead. Jonathan Brownell, captain of the second company. James Tew, Jr., captain of the third company. Asa Kimball, captain of the fourth company. Andrew Waterman, captain ofthe fifth company. Loring Peck, captain of the sixth company. David Dexter, Jr., captain of the seventh company. William Potter, son of John, captain of the eighth company. Benjamin Peirce, captain of the ninth company. Augustus Stanton, captain-lieutenant of the colonel's company. John Carr, captain-lieutenant of the lieutenant colonel's company. Thomas Gorton, captain-lieutenant of the major's company. William Drowne, lieutenant of the first company. William Jones, lieutenant of the second company. Joseph Belcher, Jr., lieutenant ofthe third company. Benjamin Hoppen, lieutenant of the fourth company. Nehemiah Randall, lieutenant of the fifth company. Arthur Fenner, son of Edward, lieutenant of the sixth company. Peleg Slocum, lieutenant ofthe seventh company. Christopher Dyer, lieutenant of the eighth company; Simeon Martin, lieutenant of the ninth company. Joshua Bliven, lieutenant of the colonel's company. Alexander Thomas, lieutenant of the lieutenant colonel's company. Thomas Arnold, lieutenant of the major's company Jacob Williams, ensign of the first company. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 437 Gilbert Richmond, ensign of the second company. Bryant Millman, ensign of the third company, Anan Winsor, ensign of the fourth company. Wilson Rawson, ensign of the fifth company. Stephen Paine, ensign of the sixth company. David Sayles, ensign of the seventh company. William Potter, son of Ichabod, ensign ofthe eighth company. William Belcher, ensign of the ninth company. Thomas Noyes, ensign of the colonel's company. Stephen Borden, ensign of the lieutenant colonel's company. Michael Spencer, ensign of the major's company. William Tyler, adjutant ; and Benjamin Bourne, quarter master. Officers for the Regiment Ordered at the last Session. James Wallace, captain-lieutenant of the lieutenant colonel's company ; in the room of Peter Wanton, who resigned. Josiah Gibbs, Jr., captain of the ninth company. Cornelius Briggs, captain of the tenth company. Benjamin Diamond, captain ofthe eleventh company. Samuel Phillips, Jr., captain ofthe twelfth company. John Rogers, lieutenant of the lieutenant-colonel's company. John Holden, son of Charles, lieutenant ofthe ninth company. Lemuel Bailey, lieutenant of the tenth company. James Smith, lieutenant of the eleventh company. Paul Herrington, lieutenant of the twelfth company. William Davis, Jr., ensign of the lieutenant colonel's company. Philip Arnold, son of James, ensign of the ninth company. Benjamin Church, ensign of the tenth company. Isaac Eastlick, ensign of the eleventh company. Benjamin West, ensign of the twelfth company. John Handy, quartermaster. Artillery Company. Edward Spalding, captain ; Wm. Bull, captain-lieutenant ; 438 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Joshua Sayer, Jr., first lieutenant ; Ebenezer Sherman, second lieutenant and Timothy Brown, lieutenant fire-worker. For the Brigade. Christopher Olney, major of brigade ; John Bartlett, sur geon ; Joseph Rhodes, surgeon's mate ; Ebenezer Richmond, surgeon's mate ; and John Chace, surgeon's mate. It is voted and resolved, that Benjamin Page, captain of one of the row-gallies, be immediately sent for, to appear be fore this Assembly, to answer for his conduct ; and that David Arnold, Matthew Allen and Samuel Bosworth, be also cited to appear before this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that the money lately received from the Continental treasury be improved in paying off and dis charging all debts due from the colony, of any kind or nature, whatsoever ; any law to the contrary, notwithstanding. Whereas, this Assembly, at the session held on the second Monday in June last, passed an act, establishing rules and regulations for the forces raised by this colony. And whereas, the Continental Congress soon after estab lished rules and articles of war, for the Continental army, and have lately made divers additions and alterations thereto, ne cessary for the well governing of an army, which are better calculated for that purpose than those made by this colony, as aforesaid ; — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the brigade formed at this session, and all the troops that shall be raised in the colony, shall be governed by the rules, regulations and orders established by the Continental Congress, for the governing of the Continental army ; that the officers in said brigade, take rank according to the rules and customs of the Conti nental army ; that the secretary procure to be printed, and de liver to each of the field and commissioned officers, a copy of said Continental rules. And that the said act passed in June ; and also the act passed at the last session, putting the regiment ordered then to 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 439 he raised under the regulations of the said act, be, and they are hereby, repealed. It is voted and resolved, that the town council of the town ¦of Newport, be allowed to supply Captain Wallace, so long as he shall remain peaceably within the colony, without com mitting any depredations upon the islands, or upon any of the lands in the colony, weekly with two thousand pounds weight of beef ; and with beer as usual, under the direction of the commanding officer of the forces stationed on Rhode Is land ; that he appoint the person to provide and deliver said provisions ; and that no membor of either House of Assembly be appointed to deliver the same, or to go on board of either of the ships of war, under said Wallace's command, on any oc casion whatsoever. And this Assembly considering the situation and defenceless state of the town of Newport, do advise and strongly recommend it to the inhabitants of said town forthwith to remove to some place of safety all their aged people, women, children and those who are unable to assist in defence of the place, together with their valuable effects. And do further vote and resolve, that the sum of £200, lawful money, be paid out of the general treasury to the com mittee hereinafter appointed, which shall be improved in re moving such poor persons in said town as are incapable of re moving themselves, and for no other use, whatever. That Messrs. John Collins, John Cooke, Thomas Freebody, George Irish and Daniel Holloway, or the major part of them, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee for that pur pose ; that the said committee be empowered to settle the price of the transportation of the effects of the inhabitants of the said town, to the places where they shall be shipped ; and also the price of transportation over the ferries. And that each of the said oommittee be empowered to im press teams, horses and cattle, to remove such effects, at the prices which shall be so affixed. It is voted and resolved, that William Ellery, Esq., be added to .the committee already appointed for the county of Newport, 440 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1776. to collect a well authenticated account of hostilities committed by the ministerial troops and navy within this colony, since last March. It is voted and resolved, that the guns, when purchased for the poor of the first company, in the town of East Greenwich, be deposited in the hands of Col. Eichard Fry, instead of the captain. And that the guns, when purchased for the poor of the town of North Kingstown, be deposited where the town shall think proper, instead of being lodged in the hands of the captains in said town. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Nathan Miller be appointed commissary of the brigade established at this session ; and that Col. John Cooke be appointed one of the committee of safety for the county of Newport, in addition to Metcalfe Bowler, Esq. It is voted and resolved, that a number of men, not exceed ing fifty, be stationed at Warwick Neck, including the Artil lery Company, in Warwick ; the remainder to be minute men ; that Col. John Waterman have the command, and appoint proper officers to act under him ; that they continue there, and be kept upon pay until the enemy's fleet shall go down he river, and then be discharged, if His Honor the Governor shall think proper. And that His Honor the Deputy Governor, General West and Mr. Joseph Brown, or either of them, be appointed to lay out such fortifications upon the said Neck, as they shall think necessary ; and that the troops be employed in erecting them, while continued there. It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety be, and they are hereby, directed and empowered to erect two barracks at head-quarters, upon Rhode Island, and one barrack at How- land's Ferry, under the inspection of the commanding officer. It is voted and resolved, that Ephraim Pendleton be, and he is hereby, appointed ensign of the First Company, in Wes terly, in the room of John Pendleton, who was appointed by mistake. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 441 It is voted and resolved, that one of the colony's companies now on Prudence, as soon as the stock, hay, &c, shall be re moved from the island, be ordered to proceed to Bristol, for the defence of that town ; to be there subject to the control of His Honor the Deputy Governor, till further orders. It is voted and resolved, that thirty thousand bushels of salt be imported into this colony, as soon as conveniently may be, to wit : Seven thousand bushels for the county of Newport ; ten thousand bushels for the county of Providence ; six thousand bushels for the county of Kings county ; four thousand bushels. for the county of Kent ; and three thousand bushels for the .county of Bristol. That the following persons be the coummittee to charter -vessels, fit them out and send for said salt, viz. : For the county of Providence — Messrs. John Smith and John Mathewson For the county of Newport — Messrs. Metcalfe Bowler, Geo. Irish and Thomas Corey. For the county of King's county — Messrs. John Northup, Benjamin Gardner and Joseph Stanton, Jr. For the county of Kent — Messrs. William Greene and Jacob Greene. For the county of Bristol — William Bradford and Sylvester Child, Esqs. That said committees charter suitable vessels for importing said salt, and send money and provisions to purchase the same ; and that they draw a sufficient sum out of the general treasury for that purpose- It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. Thomas Greene, Na thaniel Mumford and Gideon Mumford be, and they are here by, appointed a committee, to settle the accounts of the com mittee of safety to this time ; and also, the account of Mr, John Jenckes ; and that they make report to this Assembly at the next session. It is voted and resolved, that Henry Ward, Henry Mar chant and John Cole, Esqs., or the major part of them, be, and vol. vn. 56 442 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. they are hereby, appointed a committee, to draw an act for constituting a court, and appointing a mode of trial, for the ac quittal or condemnation of such vessels as shall be captured by any vessels commissioned by the Continental Congress, or from any one of the United Colonies ; and that they present the same to this Assembly, at the next session. It is voted and resolved, that James Albro, be chosen cap tain ; Eldred Spink, lieutenant ; and James Eldred, son of Seth, ensign of the company of minute men, in North Kings town. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor, His Honor the Deputy Governor and Messrs. Ambrose Page, James Arnold, Jr., Jonathan Randall, John Sayles, Jr., Henry Ward, Metcalfe Bowler, Joseph Anthony, Joshua Babcock, John Jenckes, John Smith, John Matthewson, John Dexter, Stephen Whipple, William Greene, Paul Mumford, John Potter, John G. Wanton, Sylvester Gardner and Thomas Freebody, or any seven of them, together with such other members of the Gen eral Assembly, as shall be present at any meeting, be a gen eral committee to act during the recess of the General Assem bly, with full power and authority, in case of any sudden emergency or danger, to exert the whole force and strength of the colony, for the defence and safety of this and the neighbor ing colonies ; and also to draw money out of the general treasury for those purposes. It is voted and resolved, that the gentlemen who signed the last emission of bills ordered by this Assembly, lay their ac counts before the general committee appointed to act in the recess of the General Assembly, who are empowered to audit the same, and to give orders on the general treasurer for what shall be due to them. It is voted and resolved, that it be in the power ofthe com manding officer on Rhode Island, to discharge Capt. John Earle's company of minute men, within two days after the rising of this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor and Messrs. John Smith and Daniel Tillinghast, be a committee to 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 443 confer with Major Wales, who hath the care of the Indian chiefs now in the town of Providence, respecting what will be suitable to make them a present of ; and that the said com mittee be empowered to make such present, at the expense of the colony. God save the King. The Governor of Rhode Island to Gen. Washington. Providence, Dec. 11th, 1775. Sir : — I do myself the honor to address this letter to you, by Mr. Prenet, and another French gentleman, who arrived here last night, with Captain Rhodes, from Cape Francois, who were dispatched some time since from this place, for powder. Mr. Prenet comes extremely well recommended to our committee, for providing powder, from a merchant of character, at the Cape. He hath proposals to make for supplying the United Colonies with arms and warlike stores. I am informed tha* the other gentleman is a person of some consequence. I beg leave to introduce them to Your Excellency, and to assure you that — I am, with great respect, sir, Your most obedient and most humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To General Washington. Gen. Washington to the Governor of Rhode Island. Cambridge, Dec. 14th, 1775. Sir : — Your favor of the 11th inst., was handed me, by the two French gentlemen, Messrs. Prenet and DePIiance, for which I am exceedingly obliged to you. I have heard their proposals and plans for supplying the continent with arms and ammunition, which appear plausible, and to promise success. But not thinking my self authorized to enter into any contract respecting the same, and being not fully acquainted with the measures Congress have adopted for procuring these articles, I have prevailed upon them to go to Philadelphia, and recommended them, and a consideration of their plan, to that body, when the matter will be finally agreed upon, or rejected. I must request the favor of you to furnish every necessary for accommodating them, and carriages, with all expedition, as far as Governor Trumbull's. They are to travel at the continental expense ; and whatever charge you may be at on their account, you will be pleased to transmit to me, and it shall be immediately reim* bursed. Yours, &c, GEORGE WASHINGTON. To Governor Cooke, Rhode Island. 444 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Gen. Washington to the Governor of Rhode Island. Cambridge, Dec. 17th, 1775. Sir : — By sundry persons and accounts, just from Boston, I am informed that the ministerial army is in very great distress for want of fresh provisions, and having re ceived intelligence that there are two hundred fat cattle on Block Island, and some transport vessels cruising that way in quest of necessaries for the army, I must re quest you to have the cattle, &c, removed from thence, immediately ; and from every other place where their ships can come and take them off. It is a matter of the utmost importance to prevent their getting a supply ; if they can be hindered now, the advanced season of the year, and the inclement weather, which we may expect ere long, will put it out of their power. I yesterday received the enclosed information from several persons who lately came out from Boston, which I thought my duty to transmit to you. It is more than probable that the destination of the troops may be very different from what they have given out. They may have made use of that, to deceive in another quarter. I am, &c, GEORGE WASHINGTON. To Governor Cooke, Rhode Island. The Governor of Rhode Island to Gen. Washington. Providence, Dec. 19th, 1775. Sir : — I have Your Excellency's of the 1 7th, which I have laid before the general committee. Should the force sailed from Boston, be destined for Rhode Island, I tremble for the consequences ; as the colony, in its present exhausted state, cannot, without as sistance, defend the island. At their unanimous request, I apply to Your Excellency for a detachment from the continental army of one regiment, to be stationed upon Rhode Island ; and that you will please to appoint a general officer, to take the command of the whole force there. They also desired me to inform you, that Gen. Lee will be very acceptable to the colony ; and to request that the general officer who may be appointed, may set out immediately, to take the command of the troops upon the island, and put it in the best posture of defence. We have, at head quarters, about two hundred and fifty men ; and shall immedi ately place there, about four hundred more ; and hold as many more in readiness, as possible. I need not point out to you the importance of the island, and the ina bility of the colony. I am, in great haste, Your very humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To His Excellency General Washington. P. S. Capt. Wallace hath hinted to some of his friends, that he expects a rein forcement, daily 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 445 Gin. Washingtoji to the Governor cf Rhode Island. Cambridge, Dec. 20th, 1775, Sir: — The letter accompanying this, was written before your favor ofthe 19tb, per express, came to hand. Under my present instructions, and in my present situation, I could not justify the sending a regiment from these lines to you, unless there was an apparent design of land ing a body of ministerial troops on Rhode Island. At present, I do not think this to be apprehended ; as a deserter out of Boston, since my last, is particular in declaring that only four companies, amounting to little over four hundred men,- embarked, as was said, for Halifax ; agreeing with others, that invalids and the officers ofthe 18th -and 59th, who are going home to recruit, had sailed for England. The intention of my last, containing the information as it was received, was only designed to put you upon you upon your guard ; not that I expected a visit was in tended you. If any small body of troops move from hence southerly, I have no ex pectation of their stopping short of Virginia, unless it should be on a pillaging party. To conclude, sir, when I inform you, that I have been obliged to' call in five thousand militia, to supply the deficiency of the Connecticut regiments, and those absent upon furlough, you will do me the justice to believe that not a want of incli nation, but of ability, prevents me from complying with your request ;: unless, as is before observed, I had some ovious reasons to believe the visits of more men than we are well assured are embarked, was intended for your government. I am, with very great esteem and regard, sir, &c, GEO. WASHINGTON. To Governor Cooke, Rhode Island. Gen. Washington to the Governor of Rhode Island. Cambridge, Dec. 23d, 1775. Sir : — Notwithstanding the great pains taken by the quartermaster general, to1 procure blankets for the army, he finds it impossible to procure a number sufficient. He has tried the different places to the southward, without success ; as what were there, are engaged to supply the troops in each place. Our soldiers are in great distress ; and I know of no other way to remedy the evil, than applying to you. Cannot some be got from the different towns ? Most houses could spare one ; some of them, many. If Your Honorable House will please to take this affair under your immediate consideration, and by some means or other, procure as many as can be spared from the house-keepers, you will do infinite service to the army, and very much oblige— Your humble servant, GEORGE WASHINGTON. To Governor Cooke, Rhode Island. 446 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. The Governor of Rhode Island to Gen. Washington. Providence, January 1st, 1776. Sir: — Upon receipt of Your Excellency's letter ofthe 23d ultimo, I employed two persons to apply to the house-keepers in this town, individually, for the blankets for the army. They|have collected about one hundred and eighty ; which will be sent forward this day. It is full as large a number as I expected to procure, considering how we have been exhausted by supplies to various parts of the service. I shall immediately take measures for collecting more from the country towns. I refer Your Excellency to General Lee, for the particulars of his expedition to Rhode Island, which I hope will be attended with beneficial consequences to the eolony. I received yours, upon the subject of re-enlisting the army ; but from the dis tressed state of the colony, and the multiplicity of business pressing me, was incapa ble of giving you a satisfactory answer ; nor Can I, at present, do any thing more than renew my assurances of giving every assistance in my power, to the service. I am, with truth and esteem, sir, Your most obedient and most humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To His Excellency George Washington, Esq., general of the armies of the United Colonies. P. S. You will receive by Mr. Coomer Haile, who carries the blankets, an ac count of the cost of them. I shall be obliged to Your Excellency for giving orders for the payment of it to him. By the same conveyance, I send you a box and basket, left for Y'our ExceUency, by Mr. Prenet, and the other French gentleman, who accompanied him. Gen. Washington to the Governor of Rhode Island. Cambridge, January 6th, 1776. Sir : — I received your favor ofthe 1st instant, and return you my thanks for the blankets, and your promise of having more procured, as they are much wanted. I did not see Mr. Haile, who brought them, nor the account, or the money should have been transmitted to you by his return. You will please to draw on the quarter master general, and it shall be immediately paid. I have seen General Lee since his expedition, and hope that Rhode Island will derive some advantage from it. I am told that Capt. Wallace's ships have been supplied, for some time, with provi sions, by the town of Newport, on certain conditions, stipulated between him and the committee. When this treaty was first obtained, perhaps it Was right ; there then might have been some hopes of an accommodation taking place ; but now, when every prospect seems to be cut off by His Majesty's late speech ; when the thronei from which we had supphcated redress, breathes forth vengeance and indignation, and a firm determination to remain unalterable in its purposes, and to prosecute the system and plan of ruin formed by the ministry against us, should not an end be put 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 447 to it, and every possible method be fallen upon to prevent their getting necessaries of any kind ? We need not expect to conquer our enemies by good offices ; and I know no t what pernicious consequences may result from a precedent of this sort. Other places, circumstanced as Newport is, may follow the example, and, by that means, their whole fleet and army will be furnished with what it highly concerns us to keep them from ; this, however, with all deference, I leave to your consideration. I received a letter from Governor Trumbull, of the 1st instant, by which I am in formed, that the Connecticut Assembly are very unanimous in the common cause ; and, among others, have passed an act for raising and equipping a fourth of their mihtia, to be immediately selected by voluntary enlistments ; with such other able, effective men, as are not included in their militia rolls, who may be inclined to enlist, to act as minute men, for their own, or the defence of any of the United Colonies ; and this under proper encouragements. Another act, for restraining and punishing persons inimical to us, and directing proceedings thereon ; no person to supply the ministerial army and navy ; to give them intelligence, to enhst, or to procure others to enlist in their service, to pilot their vessels, or in any way assist them, under pain of forfeiting his estate, and an. imprisonment, not exceeding three years ; none to write, speak or act against the proceedings of Congress, or their acts of Assembly, under penalty of being dis armed, and disqualified from holding any office ; and be further punished by impris onment ; for seizing and confiscating, for the use of the colony, the estates of those who put or continue to shelter themselves under the protection of the ministerial fleet or army, or assist in carrying on their measures against us; a resolve to provide two armed vessels, of sixteen and fourteen guns, with a spy schooner of four, and six row-gallies ; an act exempting the polls of soldiers from taxes, for the last and ensuing campaign ; another, for encouraging the making of saltpeter and gun powder ; a considerable quantity of both which, Mr. Trumbull hopes to make early in the spring. He says the furnace at Middletown is smelting lead, and likely to turn out twenty or thirty tons ; and that ore is plenty. They have also passed an act empowering the commander in chief of the conti nental army, or officers commanding a detachment or out-posts, to administer an oath, and swear any person or persons to the truth of any matters concerning, and relative to, the pubhc service. The situation of our affairs seems to call for regulations like these ; and I should think the other colonies ought to adopt similar ones, or such of them as they have not already made. Vigorous measures, and such as, at another time, would appear extraordinary, are now become absolutely necessary for preserving our country against the strides of tyranny making against us. Governor Trumbull, in his list, has not mentioned an act for impressing carriages, and agreeably to the recommendation of Congress ; this, I hope, they have not for gotten. It is highly necessary that such an authority should be given, under proper re strictions, or we shall be greatly embarrassed whenever the army, or any detach ment from it, should find it necessary to march from hence. I am, sir, with very great esteem, Your most obedient servant, GEORGE WASHINGTON: To Governor Cooke. 448 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776%. Gen, Washington to the Governor of Rhode Island. Cambridge, January 16, 1776. Sir : — It is exceedingly painful to me, that I should so often trouble you respect ing this army, and that I am under the necessity of applying to you again; but you, must, in some measure, be involved in whatever difficulties attend me. To my great surprise, I find, that, notwithstanding I had taken the utmost care to- prevent the soldiers that would not re-enlist in the new army, from carrying away their arms, or such of them as were good, the number collected is trifling and incon siderable, of which there are but very few, if any, now in store ; they having been delivered to the recruits which have come in. I also find, from the report of the recruiting officers, that a few more are to be enlisted who have arms in their hands ; and that they are reduced to the disagreea ble alternative of taking men without any, or no men at all. Unhappy alternative ! Must not those governments exert themselves in procuring them from the several towns, or in such other manner as to them shall seem most speedy and effectual ? To account njinutely for this great deficiency, would be of no importance. I shall only say, that it has arisen from two causes, to wit : The badness of the arms of the old army, which the inspectors and appraisers did not think worth detaining ; and to the disobedience of some regiments in carrying theirs away, contrary to every order I could issue ; and even solemn threats of stopping their pay for the months of November and December, of those that should. The prospect of getting imported arms, is so remote and uncertain, that I cannot de pend upon it. I therefore request the favor of you to inform me whether you have any, and what number, belonging to government ; as, also, if you will be able to procure more ; and in what time. If you have any, or can get them, I shall be glad to take them, on account of the Continent ; they must be had, if possible. I have written to the other New England governments on the same subjects. I am, sir, with great regard and esteem, Your most humble servant, GEORGE WASHINGTON. To the Honorable Governor Cooke. The Governor of Rhode Island, to General Lee, at New York. Providence, January 21st, 1776. Sir: — I take the liberty to enclose to you, a copy of the address from this colony, to the Continental Congress ; and to request your assistance in procuring a body of troops to be stationed in the colony, which I think a measure absolutely necessary for the common defence. We are not without hopes that the Congress will take the whole brigade into their service ; especially, as the necessity arising from so powerful an invasion, of estab lishing the whole force we have ordered, is clear and manifest. From the nature of the war, and the circumstances of the colonies, I think every idea of partial and colonial defence, ought to be given up. There must be a su preme, superintending power, to exert and direct the force of the whole, for the 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 449 safety and defence of all ; otherwise, the exertions and burthens will not only be very unequal, to the greatly endangering ot the union, upon which the welfare of America depends, but colony after colony may be destroyed, without a chance of making resistance. I shall only add, on this head, that unless the continent defends the colony, it must be abandoned ; an event that will be attended with the most pernicious conse quences to the common cause. I am, with great sincerity and esteem, sir, Your most obedient and most humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To the Honorable General Lee. P. S. The town of Newport addressed a petition to the Congress, for permission to supply the King's ships. The Congress referred it to the General Assembly ; but at the same time, our delegates informed us, that every member who spoke in the debate, gave it as his opinion, that the ships should be supplied with necessaries for their own support ; taking the greatest care, le£t through them, the common enemy in other parts of America should obtain provisions ; in consequence of which, the General Assembly have ordered that Capt. Wallace should be supplied, as you will see, by the enclosed vote. But as he may cannonade, and even burn the town, a discretionary power, by a private vote, which it is designed shall be kept secret, is given to the commander of the forces on Rhode Island,t o permit supplies in cases of imminent danger, until the Assembly meets, on the last Monday in next month. The Governor of Rhode Island, to General Washington. Providence, January 21st, 1776. Sir : — Your favor ofthe 6th instant, I received, and laid before the General Assem bly. It had great weight ; and I believe that no supplies to the enemy's ships would have been permitted, had it not appeared to us that the members ofthe Continental Congress were of opinion that they should be continued. The following is an ex tract of a letter from our delegates, on that subject : " A memorial from the town of Newport, forwarded to us by express, having been referred to the General Assembly, we now enclose tbat, with the papers pertinent thereto. We should not do justice to the benevolence of Congress, or to the distressed situation of the town, if we did not acquaint you, that all the gentlemen who spoke in this debate, expressed the most tender regard for the distressed people ; and gave it as their opinion, that, as long as the ships of war now in our harbor could be supplied with fresh provisions, beer, and suih like ne cossaries, merely for their own immediate support, consistently with the great prin ciples of the general good and safety of America, the town ought to be permitted tq furnish them ; the greatest care being taken by government, that no more than the barely necessary supplies be furnished them from time to time, lest the common .enemy in other parts of the continent, should through them obtain provisions.'' In consequence of which, the General Assembly have ordered that Capt. Wallace VOL. VH. 57 450 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. should be supplied, as you will see, by the enclosed vote. But as he may cannonade, and even burn the town, » discretionary power, by a private vote, which it is de signed should be kept a profound secret, is given to the commander ofthe forces on Rhode Island, to permit supplies, in cases of imminent danger, until the next session, to be holden on the last Monday in next month. Similar measures to those taken by Connecticut, as mentioned in your letter, have been adopted by this colony. Besides which, the commanding officer of any body of the Continental troops, is empowered to impress carriages, &c. The General Assembly have ordered an address to the Congress, a copy of which, I do myself the honor to enclose you. Wre are not without hopes that the Congress will take the whole brigade into their service ; especially, as the necessity, arising from so powerful an invasion, of estab lishing the whole force we have ordered, is clear and manifest. From the nature of the war, and the circumstances of the colonies, I think every idea of partial and colonial defence, ought to be given up. There must be a su preme, superintending power, to exert and direct the force of the whole, for the defence and safety of all ; otherwise, the exertions and burthens will not only be very unequal, to the greatly endangering of the union, upon which the welfare of America depends, but colony after colony may be subdued, without a chance of making resistance. I shall only add, on this head, that unless the continent enter upon the defence of the colony, it must be abandoned, to the great injury of the common cause. I beg the favor of Your Excellency seriously to consider this matter, and to give us your assistance with the members of the Congress, for procuring such a body of forces as the interest of this and the united colonies in general, shall require. We had procured upwards of an hundred blankets, which were designed for the army under your immediate command ; but the descent upon Prudence, obliged us to send forty of them to our troops upon that island ; and to supply the additional forces ordered to be raised, will demand every blanket that can be spared in the colony. I am, with great respect and esteem, sir, Your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To His Plxcellency General Washington. The Governor of Rhode Island, to Stephen Hopkins and Samuel Ward, Delegates of the Colony, at the Continental Congress. Providence, January 21st, 1776. Gentlemen : — I enclose you, at the request of the General Assembly, an address to the Congress, representing the deplorable state of the colony, and praying for assistance. We might have entered into a more minute detail ; but the Assembly having a full reliance upon your giving the Congress every needful information "respecting the colony, thought it unnecessary. You will please to deliver and enforce it as soon as you have a rational prospect of its meeting with success. Notwithstanding the propriety of our petition is such, that we ought not to doubt 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 451 of its being granted, yet it may be prudent to interest some of the leading members in our favor, before it be brought on. But as you are upon the spot, the whole Matter must be submitted to you ; and I am perfectly satisfied that you will manage it with proper address. The General Assembly are not without hopes that the Congress will take the whole brigade into their service ; especially, as the necessity arising from so power ful an invasion, of establishing the whole force we have ordered, is clear and mani fest; and you will use your utmost endeavors to procure a resolution for that purpose. From the nature of the war, and the circumstances of the colonies, every idea of partial and colonial defence, ought to be given up. There must be M supreme, su perintending power to exert and direfct the force of the whole, for the defence and safety of all ; otherwise, the exertions and burthens will not only be very unequal, to the greatly endangering of the union upon which the welfare of America de pends, but colony after colony may be subdued, without a chance of making resistance. I will only add, upon this head, that our circumstances will not admit of delay ; and that unless the Congress enter upon the defence of the colony, it must be abandoned. I am also, 'at the request of the General Assembly, to desire you " to inform them what information you have had, respecting any letters being written by any of the inhabitants of this colony to any person in the city of Philadelphia, respecting the situation of the town of Newport, ana the supplying of Capt. Wallace with provi sions ; and of any reflections that have been cast by such letters upon any part of this colony ; and to inform them of the names of such letter writers ; and to procure and transmit to them, copies of such letters, if they can be obtained." The particulars of the unfortunate attack upon Quebec, are not yet come to hand. I suppose you have received them before now. It is a severe check ; but we have still great successes to be thankful for ; and in a war so extensive, we must expect to meet with some disagreeable events. I most sincerely sympathize with Mr. Ward upon this occasion, and heartily wish he may have some comfortable intelligence from his son. I am informed by a letter from New Providence, that the militia from the western parts of Connecticut, are pushing off in sleighs, iu great numbers for Canada. The secretary tells me he hath given his brother an account of the descent upon Prudence. I shall only add, that the stock is now very nearly removed. In consequence of the recommendation of the members of the general Congress, as mentioned in Mr. Ward's letter, the Assembly have agreed to supply the King's ships, as you will see by the enclosed vote. But as Wallace may cannbnade, and even burn the town, a discretionary power, by a private vote, which it is designed shall be kept a profound secret, is given to the commander of the forces on Rhode Island, to permit supplies in cases of imminent danger, until the next session, to be holden on the last Monday in February. Capt. Greenell hath exerted himself greatly in procuring men for the navy ; and hath an inclination to enter the service, if he can obtain a place sufficient to support himself and family. I beg leave to recommend him to your assistance. I am, with great truth and regard, gentlemen, Your most obedient and most humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To the Honorable S. Hopkins and S. Ward, Esqs. 452 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [17/6. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at East Green-- wich, on the last Monday in February, 1776. The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Governor. The Hon. William Bradford, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that the company of soldiers under the command of Capt. Thomas Gorton, in the pay of this colony, be stationed upon Warwick Neck. That Col. John Waterman be, and he is hereby, directed and empowered to procure as many fire-arms and blankets as shall be necessary for said company, by either borrowing or purchas ing, upon the best terms he can, and to direct said company to proceed to their said station ; and that he be paid for his trouble. That Capt. Josiah Gibbs's company be immediately ordered to proceed to their station, at Adquenesit ; and that as many of the minute men there be discharged from government pay, as said company shall relieve. It is voted and resolved, that the sheriff of the county of Newport be, and he is hereby, directed and fully empowered, to take sufficient aid, and proceed to the Honorable Joseph Wanton, Esq., late Governor of this colony, and to take pos session of the charter and papers, together with the chest, and all other things appertaining to this colony, which are in his custody ; and to deliver the same to the committee appointed by the General Assembly to receive them, to be delivered to His Honor the present Governor ; and in case of any resistance being made by the said Joseph Wanton, Esq., to take him into custody, and bring him before this General Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that whereas, this Assembly hath received information that Mr. Martin Luther, of Warren, hath 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 453 fitted out and sent a vessel to sea, contrary to the resolves of the Continental Congress ; which vessel is returned from her voyage from the West Indies, with a cargo of goods, that the said Martin Luther, together with Capt. Collins, master of said vessel, be forthwith had before this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that the book in the secretary's of fice, in which is entered an account of all the vessels and mer chandize which have been sent out, or brought within this colony, since the 10th day of September last past ; and that all the bonds in said office, which have been given respecting said vessels, and merchandize, be immediately brought and laid before this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that one thousand weight of gun powder (including the five hundred weight already ordered,) be immediately sent from the colony's magazine to the head quarters, upon Rhode Island, under the care of Lieut. Colonel Lippitt ; and that he make application to the committee for the same. This Assembly taking into consideration a resolution of the Honorable the Continental Congress, of the 20th of January last, for procuring gold and silver coin, for the operations in Canada, — Do vote and resolve, and it is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety, the commissary, Messrs. John G. Wanton, Joseph Anthony, John Jenckes, John Brown, John Mathew son, Joseph Nightingale, Daniel Owen, Stephen Whipple, Joshua Babcock, John Potter, Joseph Noyes, William Potter, George Hazard, Henry Marchant, Christopher Champlin, Jr., George Champlin, Simeon Potter, Shearjashub Bourn, John Waldron, Ezekiel Gardner, Benjamin Ellery, William Greene, Richard Mathewson, Pardon Tillinghast, Charles Holden, Israel Bowen, Edward Hull, Francis Malbone, George Irish, John Negus, Philip Taylor, John Weeden, Arnold Paine, Na thaniel Martin, Andrew Harris, Cromel Child, John Mawdfley, Simon Pease, Benjamin Wilkinson, George Corlis, Joseph Hewes, Thomas Brown, James Potter, Thomas Olney, Thomas Wickes, Josias Lyndon, John Almy, Job Sweeting, Samuel 454 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Nightingale and Benjamin Greene, be a committee, to pro cure as much gold and silver coin, as they can, for the use aforesaid. That it be, and hereby is, recommended to every member of the General Assembly, to use his best endeavors to promote the above mentioned service. That the committee of safety be empowered to receive such silver and gold coin, as shall be procured, as aforesaid, and pay for the same in lawful money bills, which they are hereby empowered to draw out of the general treasury for that purpose. That the committee of safety pay the gold and silver coin they shall so receive, into the general treasury, within one month ; that the whole of the above mentioned business be done without any charge to the colony. That the secretary forthwith furnish every person hereby ap pointed, with a copy of the said resolution of the Continental Congress ; ,and also with a copy of this vote. Resolution of the Continental Congress. " In Congress, January 20, 1776. It being necessary to procure a large quantity of specie, for the operations in Canada, which cannot be successfully carried on without that article, — Resolved, that it be recommended to the General Assem blies, conventions and councils or committees of safety, upon the continent, to employ proper persons within their respective colonies, to collect all the gold and silver coin they can, and inform the Congress of the sum collected. Extract from the minutes. CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary." It is voted and resolved, that the government will purchase of Mr. Silas Casey and Mr. Nathan Miller, all the salt they now have, at three shillings per bushel. That Mr. Jacob Greene be appointed to receive the salt of 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 455 Mr. Casey ; and Col. Sylvester Child to receive the salt from Mr. Miller, and to store the whole in some places of safety, to be hereafter delivered out to the inhabitants of the colony, as the General Assembly shall think proper ; that the persons so appointed, draw for the amount thereof, out of the general treasury. And also, that Col. Joseph Noyes purchase all the salt he can, at as low a rate as possible, but not to exceed three shil lings, per bushel. Whereas, Mr. Samuel Tomkins exhibited unto this Assembly an account, by him charged against the colony, for supplying the minute men and others, who went upon Prudence, for the defence of said island, with provision and other necessaries for their support ; and the same being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the amount thereof, be ing £100 12.?. 6d., be allowed ; and that the aforesaid sum be paid unto the said Samuel Tomkins, out of the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that it be recommended to the in habitants upon Block Island, to use their utmost endeavors and diligence, to remove the stock, or so much thereof, as the com mittee to be appointed by this Asssembly for that purpose, shall judge not absolutely necessary for the use and consumption of the said inhabitants, to the main. And it is further voted and resolved, that Capt. John Sands, Mr. Joshua Sands and Mr. William Littlefied, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee to determine what number of neat cattle and sheep shall be left upon said Block Island, for the necessary use of the inhabitants ; and agree with proper persons for the removal of the remainder, upon the best terms they can. And it is further voted and resolved, that the committee men aforesaid, agree with the inhabitants for the fire arms now on said island, and purchase them for the use of the colony, as soon as possible, and deliver them to the committee of safety ; and that they draw for the amount of the fire-arms, so deliv ered, out ofthe general treasury. 456 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. And that all warlike stores now on said island, be immediately removed therefrom, and delivered to the committee of safety. Both Houses being resolved into a grand committee, Briga dier General William Wests's resignation of the command of the colony's brigade being read and considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be accepted, and he is hereby discharged from the command thereof, accordingly. This Assembly taking into consideration a letter from Brig. Gen. West, respecting a dispute between Col. Henry Babcock and Col. William Richmond, concerning rank, — Do resolve, that by the rules of the army, Col. Babcock is entitled to take rank of Col. Richmond in the colony's brigade ; and that he do take rank, accordingly. The grand committee then proceeded to make choice of the following officers, to wit : Officers for the First Regiment in the Colony's Brigade. Caleb Gardner, major. Benjamin Fry, captain ; Jonathan Wallen, lieutenant ; and Edmund A. Smith, ensign of the first company. Caleb Carr, captain ; Peleg Heath, lieutenant ; and Benja min Bosworth, 3d, ensign, ofthe second company. Jeremiah Pearce, ensign of the third company. Nathaniel Church, captain of the tenth company. Officers for the Second Regiment in the Colony's Brigade. Arthur Fenner, son of Edward, lieutenant of the first com pany, in the place of William Drown, who is appointed to a lieutenancy in the sixth company. Abraham Tourtelot, ensign of the fourth company. Nathaniel Blackmar, captain of the fifth company. William Drown, lieutenant of the sixth company. Ichabod Prentice, ensign of the twelfth company. John Bartlett, Jr., surgeon's mate of the brigade, in the room of John Chace, who declined. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 457 Stephen Wigneron, surgeon's mate, in the room of Ebenezer Richmond, who declined. Enoch Stanton, armorer of the brigade, at the same wages as are allowed to the armorers ofthe Continental army. It is voted and resolved, that the quartermaster of each regi ment in this colony's brigade, be, and he is hereby, allowed the same wages that a quartermaster is paid in the Continental army. It is voted and resolved, that each of the majors, as also the major of brigade, and each of the two adjutants belonging to the colony's brigade, be, and they are hereby, allowed six shillings per week, for horse- keeping, when their horses shall be kept upon hay ; and two shillings per week, when kept upon grass. It is voted and resolved, that the commissary ofthe colony's brigade, upon Rhode Island, purchase beef for the use of said brigade, upon the best terms he can procure the same ; pro vided, he does not exceed the price tha't is given for beef by the commissary of the Continental army, at Cambridge. Both Houses being joined in a grand committee, made choice of the following officers for the militia, in the colony, to wit : Militia Officers for ihe Colony, Chosen, Stephen Jillson, captain of the second company of militia, in the town of Cumberland, in the room of Levi Tower, who resigned. Roger Sheldon, lieutenant of the same company, in the room of Stephen Jillson, promoted. Abraham Cooke, ensign of the same company, in the room of Roger Sheldon, promoted. Charles Olney, captain ; Eleazer Jenks, lieutenant ; and Samuel Olney, ensign, of the company of militia, in the town of North Providence. Jahn Vars, lieutenant and Thomas Coggeshall, Jr., ensign, of the company of militia, in the town of Middletown, VOL. vn. 58 458 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. David Giffard, captain of the first company of militia, in the town of Portsmouth, in the room of Burrington Anthony. It is voted and resolved, that Col. James Arnold, Jr., Col. John Waterman and Capt. John Aborn, be a committee, to ex amine the damages sustained by Capt. Samuel Tomkins, occa sioned by the soldiers' being quartered at his house, upon Pru dence Island ; and that they, or the major part of them, in quire into the same, and make report at the next session of this Assembly, what they shall think reasonable and right to be al lowed therefor. Whereas, Mrs. Mary Clarke, wife of James Clarke, late of Newport, in this colony, preferred her petition before this As sembly, setting forth that ber said husband having been a long voyage at sea, and about coming home ; but hearing of the troublesome times in this country, and being under great con cern for his family, hath concluded to settle in the island of Dominica, where he has an estate, and has sent for the peti tioner and his whole family, to come to him. And the petitioner being very desirous of obtaining a place of safety, humbly prayed this Assembly to grant her liberty of fitting out a vessel, for transporting herself, family and house hold furniture, to said island of Dominica, and for no other purpose, whatever ; this Assembly taking the aforesaid petition into consideration, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the above mentioned petition be granted, under the direction and care of the com mittee of inspection of the town of Cranston. Whereas, Miss Martha Duncan, Miss Elizabeth Duncan and Miss Mary Duncan, preferred their petition to this Assembly, setting forth that from the distressed situation of the town of Newport, and from the dreadful apprehension of the danger with which the same was threatened, they were induced to transport their most valuable effects to Updike's Newtown, a place they esteemed of more safety ; but unhappily, the boat in which the same were conveying, was captured by Capt. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 45& Wallace, and the goods with which she was laden, taken on board the ships of war, in Newport harbor. That after the above capture, application was repeatedly made in behalf of the petitioners to the commanding officer at head-quarters, upon Rhode Island, for a permit to go on board Capt. Wallace, to solicit a restoration of their effects, which has been refused. Wherefore, the petitioners prayed this Assembly, that they might be permitted to go on board Capt. Wallace's ship, for the purpose, aforesaid ; whereupon, this Assembly taking the premises into consideration, — Do vote and resolve, and it is voted resolved, that the afore said petitioners may have liberty to go on board of Capt. Wal lace's ship, under the care and direction of the committee here tofore authorized and permitted to go on board the King's ships of war. Whereas, the town of Westerly, preferred a petition to this Assembly, representing that the proportion of the colony taxes, assessed in the year 1773 ; and also for the year 1774, upon said town, had not been duly paid into the general treasury by the collector appointed to receive the same ; and that in consequence thereof, the town treasurer of said Westerly had been committed to jail in the county of Kings county, and given bond for the liberty of the jail house and yard ; and thereupon, left the jail, and subjected the town to pay thirty per cent, damages ; and besought this Assembly that they would take the premises into consideration, and that upon the town's paying into the general treasury the deficiency of both taxes, with interest, from the time they should have been col lected and paid into the general treasury, that they might be excused from paying the thirty per cent, damages incurred by law ; whereupon, this Assembly, duly considering the same, — It is voted and resolved, that upon the town of Westerly's paying into the general treasury the amount of the said town's proportion of said two taxes, together with the interest upon the same, from the time limited by this Assembly to collect the 460 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. said taxes, the town be excused from paying the thirty per cent, damages. It is voted and resolved, that the town council of the town of Newport be, and they are hereby, allowed to supply Capt. Wal lace weekly, with two thousand pounds weight of beef, and with beer, &c, as usual, under the direction of the commanding of ficer of the forces stationed upon Rhode Island. That he appoint a proper person to provide and deliver said provisions, &c. That not any member of either House of Assembly be ap pointed, or suffered to go on board any or either of the ships of war, under the said Wallace's command, on any occasion, whatsoever. That the aforesaid supplies be delivered to Capt. Wallace, upon his stipulating that the ferry boats, wood boats and mar ket boats, with the passengers on board, pass and repass to and from the town of Newport, with the common and usual neces saries of life on board, unmolested. And that Messrs. Simon Pease, John Malbone and George Sears (if he will serve,) or otherwise John Mawdfley, Esq., be a committee to go on board of Capt. Wallace's ship on any ur gent occasion. Whereas, this Assembly, upon complaint and information by them received, did order Col. Joseph Wanton to appear before them, to answer respecting his conduct ; and the Assembly having examined into the same, there doth not appear any cause for detaining him ; wherefore, — It is voted and resolved, that the said Joseph Wanton be now dismissed ; and he is now dismissed, accordingly. It is voted and resolved, that all the minute men now in pay, be relieved by an equal number from the standing troops, in this colony ; and that a sufficient number of them be ordered forward, to relieve the minute men, who are to be discharged within one week, or sooner, if they are so relieved. Whereas, Mrs. Deborah Dayton, wife of Benedict Dayton, of Newport, in the county of Newport, cordwainer, presented 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 461 to this Assembly her petition, setting forth, that her said husband, Benedict Dayton, was, on his passage from Newport to Updike's- Newtown, on the 2d day of January last past, taken on board the Rose man of war, and ever since that time detained as a prisoner. That application had divers times been made to Capt. Wal lace, commander of said ship, to release her said husband, without effect ; and besought this Assembly to exchange with said Wallace some person who was a prisoner within this colony, for her said husband ; whereupon, this Assembly tak ing the same into consideration, — Do vote and resolve, and it is voted and resolved, that the committee authorized to go on board Capt. Wallace, by this Assembly, be empowered to exchange George Hamilton, the prisoner now at Warren, for the said Benedict Dayton. And to permit Joseph Farrish to go on board the Rose, or any other of the ships of war ; provided, that Capt. Wallace will release the wounded prisoner belonging to this colony , and in case Capt. Wallace shall refuse, then to propose ex changing the said Farrish for Capt. John Duncan. Whereas, Mrs. Elizabeth Stewart, wife of Gilbert Stewart,. late of Newport, in the colony of Rhode Island, snuff-maker, preferred her petition to this Assembly, setting forth that her said husband is possessed of a tract of land in the township of Newport, in Nova Scotia, under improvement, and upon which he hath some stock. That he finding it impossible to maintain his family in the said town of Newport, in this colony, did some time last summer re move to his said farm, where he now is, and proposes to remain. And that, exclusive ofthe impracticability of her supporting herself and family in this colony, which strongly impels her to follow her said husband, she is very desirous of joining him, which she is also bound in duty to do, if possible. And therefore besought this Assembly to permit the sloop Nova Scotia Packet, David Ross, master, to proceed to the said township of Newport, in Nova Scotia, with herself and family ; she being willing to give the amplest security, tbat 462 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. nothing but the wearing apparel and household furniture of the family, and the necessary provisions for the voyage, shall be carried in said sloop ; the Assembly taking the same into con sideration, — It is voted and resolved, that the prayer of this petition be granted ; and that the sloop, aforesaid, be permitted to sail under the inspection of Messrs. John Collins and George Sears, of Newport, in this colony, or either of them. Whereas, Col. Thomas Church exhibited an account to this Assembly, wherein he had debited himself to the colony for the amount of sundry guns which were turned into the Continental store at Cambridge ; which account being examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be allowed ; and that the amount thereof, being £613 30s. lawful money, be paid by the said Col. Thomas Church, into the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that Capt. John Warren, and Capt. Joshua Ingraham, be permitted to go on board the Rose man of war, or any other of the King's ships, under the inspection of the committee appointed to go on board said ships, in order to solicit compensation for damages they have sustained by them. It is voted and resolved, that Col. James Arnold, Jr., be ap pointed to build, at the expense ofthe colony, a watch house, in a convenient place, upon Cranston Neck, for the watch ap pointed upon said Neck ; and that the same be twelve feet in length, and eight in breadth. It is voted and resolved, that one of the eighteen-pound cannon, in the battery, at Providence, with the carriage and stores belonging to it, be sent to Bristol, for the defence of that place ; and that the same be carried in one of the row gallies. Whereas, Mr. Aaron Lopez exhibited unto this Assembly, an account by him charged against the colony, for four half barrels of gunpowder, delivered for the use of the colony, and one whale- boat ; which said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that the amount thereof, being £22 16s., lawful 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 463 money, be paid the said Aaron Lopez, out of the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that for the future, the committees of inspection, or any one member thereof, for the several towns adjoining the shores of this colony, be, and they are hereby, empowered to inspect any of the freight boats, wood boats and ferry boats, when about to pass from one part of the colony to another, whereby they may be in danger of being brought too by any of the ministerial ships of war. And if any person shall be on board such boat, with intent to pass over the bays, rivers or harbors, who is suspected of being unfriendly to the common cause of America, such com mittee, or any one member belonging thereto, shall have power to prevent such persons passing in such boat, unless they have a pass from His Honor the Governor, the Deputy Governor, or the commander in chief upon some station within this colony. And it is further voted and resolved, that Messrs. Thomas Freebody, John Collins, George Sears and William Ellery, be a committee of inspection, for the purpose aforesaid, for the town of Newport. It is voted and resolved, that within one week from the rising of this Assembly, the minute men in the colony be dis missed from that service, and be embodied in the militia, as heretofore. That on any future alarm, notice or warning being given to the militia, they forthwith repair, agreeably to orders given, to the place threatened to be invaded, in order to repel the enemy. That every one of the militia appearing properly accoutred, with a good fire-lock, bayonet, cartridge-box, &c, subject to the control of his commanding officer, shall be entitled to re ceive pay. It is further voted and resolved, that the pay of the militia, when called upon actual duty, shall be as follows : Each captain, five shillings ; each lieutenant, four shillings ; each ensign, two shillings and sixpence ; each sergeant, two shillings and sixpence ; each and every oorporal, drummer 464 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1776, and fifer, two shillings and threepence ; and each private sol dier, two shillings ; who shall appear as aforesaid, for each and every day they shall continue in service. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor, Messrs. William Ellery, John Mathewson, Henry Mar chant and Gideon Mumford, be a committee, to take into con sideration the present state of this colony, and the necessary means to be pursued for the defence thereof. That they direct the commanding officer of the colony's brig ade where to station the troops under his command. That the committee, aforesaid, together with tbe commander in chief of the colony's brigade, cause fortifications as soon as possible to be erected upon Rhode Island and at Bristol, suffi cient to command and keep open a communication at Bristol Ferry. And that the troops stationed at Bristol, upon Rhode Island, or so many of them as can be spared, be employed in the said service. Whereas, Mr. Edward Hull exhibited unto this Assembly an account by him charged against the colony, for beef, hides and tallow, brought from New Shoreham ; which being duly ex amined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be allowed ; and that, the balance thereof, being £50 7s. 2d., lawful money, be paid to said Edward Hull, out of the general treasury. Whereas, Messrs. Nicholas Brown and Company presented unto this Assembly, a petition, setting forth that they had heretofore agreed to make for the colony sixty pieces of heavy cannon for £35, lawful money, per ton. That at the time of making the contract, they were quite unacquainted with the price of cannon in England, which they since find, by Muller's treatise on artillery, is £30, per ton. That in making the necessary preparations, and hiring the proper workmen, they find the pay of the laborers, &c, to. be advanced near one-half more than it was when they made the aforesaid contract. They likewise find by said treatise, that the lighter cannon 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 465 made upon the new construction, are much better than the old heavy pieces ; that the labor necessary to be used in making the light cannon, is nearly the same as that bestowed upon the heavy pieces. That Ambrose Page, Esq., one of the gentlemen appointed by the Assembly to give the dimensions of the cannon, &c, prelers the lighter pieces, as being best caculated to answer the end proposed ; that they will cost less by $1,400, than if made upon the plan proposed upon the original contract ; and prayed this Assembly to take the premises into consideration ; wherefore — It is voted and resolved, that Ambrose Page, John Mathew son and Ebenezer Thompson, Esqs., be a committee to con sider of the contents of the said petition, and to agree with the petitioners for casting the said cannon upon the best terms they can. Whereas, Messrs. Rowland Robinson and Nathan Gardner exhibited unto this Assembly, an account charged against the colony, for two thousand six hundred and fifty-nine pounds and an half of beef, hides and tallow, brought from New Shoreham ; which being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the amount thereof, being £26 14s. lie?., be allowed ; and that the aforesaid sum be paid to the said Rowland Robinson and Nathan Gardner, out of the general treasury. Whereas, William Potter, Esq., exhibited unto this As sembly, an account of the sales of five hundred and nineteen sheep, and the charges thereon, which were received from New Shoreham, and by him, with the rest of the committee ap pointed, sold to divers persons ; which account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that the balance, thereof, being £82 Id., be paid by the said William Potter, into the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that the bond given to the general treasurer by the owners of the sloop Diana, Rufus Potter, mas- ter, upon her sailing on her last voyage, be delivered up. vol. vii. 59 466 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. Joseph Brown, John Smith, Cromel Child, Thomas Corey and Edward Church, be, and they are hereby, appointed to procure carriages to be made for the sixty cannon ordered to be purchased for the colony, as soon as possible. That the said committee agree among themselves what part each of them will undertake ; and that the said Joseph Brown give the dimensions of, and directions for, making the said carriages. It is voted and resolved, that John Hyers be, and he is hereby, chosen and appointed captain of the Washington row-galley, in the room of Captain Oliver Gardner, who has resigned. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. Joseph Brown, Daniel Tillinghast and Thomas Greene, or any two of them, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to audit all the ac counts of the workmen, employed in making carriages for the cannon brought from Newport to Providence. That they be empowered to draw upon the general treasurer for the sums they shall find due ; and that report be made to this Assembly at the next session. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. John Jenckes be, and he is hereby, appointed and empowered to purchase, for the use of the colony, all the gunpowder and other merchandize im ported in the sloop Diana, which is wanted for their use ; and that he draw money out of the general treasury, to pay for the same. It is voted and resolved, that John Cook, Esq., and Capt. James Potter be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee to lease out the estates seized for the use of the colony, by Eseck Hopkins, Esq., in the county of Newport; William Pot ter and Ezekiel Gardner, Esqs.,, for such like estates, in Kings county; and James Angell, Esq., for estates under the like circumstances, in the county of Providence. Whereas, Mr. Job Gardner, exhibited unto this Assembly an account, by him charged against the colony, for victualling and supplying the minute men and militia, that watched the shores, 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 467 with fire wood and house-room ; and the said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed; and that £12 4s. 10c?., being the amount thereof, be paid to the said Job Gardner, out of the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that the committee heretofore ap pointed for removing the stock and hay from the island of Co nanicut, or any two of them, do forthwith proceed to remove the hay belonging to Isaac Howland, necessary for the support of his stock, which hath been already removed. That they also remove the hay and stock of any other of the inhabitants of the said island, who are willing to have the same removed off. That the commanding officer on said island, do assist said committee with such a number of men, under the command of a commissioned officer, as they shall think necessary for said service ; and that said committee be, and they are hereby, em powered to receive out of the general treasury the sum of £50, to be accounted for by them when said business is completed. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. John Jenckes and John Waterman be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to erect a powder mill, in the county of Providence, at the charge of the colony. Whereas, Brigadier General William West, hath, since his residence at head-quarters, in Middletown, taken up divers persons, upon suspicion of their conducting themselves in a manner inimical to the liberties and privileges for which we are now strenuously contending ; which persons have since been examined before this House, and upon a full hearing, dismissed ; — It is voted and resolved, that it is nevertheless the opinion of this Assembly, that the said General West hath acted therein as an officer having the love of his country at heart ; and that this Assembly will ever approve the conduct of their military commanders, in exerting themselves for the securing and bringing to trial all persons conducting in a suspicious manner, 468 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. as afirresaid ; at the same time carefully observing not to en croach upon, infringe or supersede the civil authority, by ex ertions of the military. Whereas, Mr. Joseph Aplin was brought before this Assem* bly, to answer for his conduct ; and being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the said Joseph Aplin be, and he is hereby, dismissed. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor, Messrs. John Jenckes and Joshua Babcock, or either of them, be a committee, to purchase, at the expense and for the use of the colony, all the gunpowder, arms and military stores, that they shall be able to procure, and think necessary. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Benjamin Brenton be, and he is hereby, dismissed from the complaint made against him to this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that all executions, for the staying of which, petitions are now pending before this Assembly, be stayed until the said petitions be heard. God save the King. Gen. William West to the Governor of Rhode Island. Headquarters, Middletown, 26th February, 1776. Honored Sir : — A dispute hath arisen between Col. Richmond and Col. Babcock, Concerning their rank in the brigade. Col. Richmond says he was appointed colonel ofthe first regiment, and was second in command under Gen. Hopkins ; and that his rank is undoubtedly before Col. Babcock. Col. Babcock, on the contrary, says he had a colonel's commission many years ago, in the last war; and for that reason, and according to the estabhshed rules in all camps, his rank is certainly preferable to that of Col. Richmond. As it is my desire that every officer in the brigade should have his proper rank, according to the rules of an army, hope the General Assembly, will fully explain and settle that matter beyond all controversy, as I don't choose to intermeddle in those matters, myself. I have taken up one Nathaniel Case, of Exeter, for selling cider to the ministerial fleet ; and after examining him, I dismissed him, upon his parole, to appear before the General Assembly, at the next session ; a copy of which, and of his examination, I now send you, enclosed ; also, some further evidence concerning Jos. Aplin and Benj. Brenton ; and Jos. Allen's evidence, of Newport, which I have taken this day, respecting Col. Jos. Wanton. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 469 I likewise send you the state of all the forces stationed on this island and James town ; together with an account of the warlike stores we have had here, since I have had the command ; also tlie quantity we have at present. I am, with respect, Your most obedient and most humble servant, WILLIAM WE St To the Honorable Nicholas Cooke, Esq. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony qf Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at East Green wich, on Monday, the 18th day of March, 1776. The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Governor. The Hon. William Bradford, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that there be immediately raised in Newport, a company of men, not exceeding twenty-five, in cluding officers, by the name of the Watch Company. That the following persons be, and they are hereby, chosen to officer said company, to wit : Philip Moss, captain ; Augustus Newman, lieutenant ; and Joseph Crandel, ensign. That they be commissioned by His Honor the Governor, and directly proceed to enlist soldiers to fill up said company. That the said company be under the command of the com mander in chief of the Bhode Island brigade ; and that their pay be, and hereby is, established in the following manner : The captain, five shillings ; the lieutenant, four shillings ; the ensign, three shillings ; the non-commissioned officers and private soldiers, two shillings, for each and every day they shall be employed in said service, by the colony. It is voted and resolved, that all persons who have any just demands against the persons whose estates are seized for the colony's use, be, and they are hereby, directed to exhibit their several claims unto the secretary, within six months after the rising of this Assembly. 470 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that all the notes due from this colony, carrying interest, be brought into the general treasury, to be exchanged, within one month from and after the rising of this Assembly : and that the interest on said notes cease after said month expires. Whereas, Jabez Champlin, Esq., sheriff of the county of Newport, was ordered and directed by this Assembly to take possession of the charter, &c, in the possession of Joseph Wanton, Esq., late Governor of this colony, and deliver the same to the committee, to be delivered to His Honor the pres ent Governor ; and thereupon made the following report : Report of the Sheriff of the County of Newport, to the General Assembly, relative to certain Documents in the possession of Joseph Wanton, belonging to the Colony. Newport. Rhode Island, March 17, 1776. By virtue of a vote of the Honorable General Assembly, of the colony, aforesaid, at their session, held at East Greenwich, on the 27th day of February past, deliv ered unto me by Mr. James Cahoone, of Newport, aforesaid, merchant, I proceeded with Daniel W. Hoockey and William Davis, two of my deputies, without delay, nnto the house ofthe Honorable Joseph Wanton; Esq., late Governor ofthe colony, afore said ; and in his absence took and carried away from and out of said house, a chest jn which were, and are, deposited the charter ofthe colony, aforesaid ; Fone's Book of Records, a large number of bundles of papers, seventeen dies for counterfeiting dollars and half Johannes, an instrument for edge-milling, and other implements for counterfeiting ; and left a copy of the same vote at the house of the Honorable Jo seph Wanton, Esq., aforesaid, and an account of what I had taken from thence. And have this day, in pursuance of the said vote or act-, delivered the same chest, charter, Fone's Book of Records, bundles of papers, dies for counterfeiting dollars and half Johannes, instruments for edge-milling, and other implements for counter feiting, as aforesaid, unto Christopher Lippitt, Esq. and Joseph Anthony, gentleman, two of a committee appointed by the Honorable the General Assembly, aforesaid, to receive the same. JABEZ CHAMPLIN, Sheriff. And the aforesaid premises being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the aforesaid report be, and it is hereby, accepted. Whereas, the following memorial was laid before this As sembly, by the committee appointed to prepare the same : — 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 471 Memorial of the General Assembly of Rhode Island to General Washington. The General Assembly of the colony of Rhode Island, &e., acknowledge with grati tude the timely notice you have been pleased to give them, of the late movement of the ministerial troops ; the necessary orders have, in consequence thereof, been given to the militia of this colony, to hold themselves in readiness, should any attack «r lodg ment be made here by said troops. But we must inform Your Excellency, that the great number of troops sent out of this colony, has considerably lessened our numbers ; that the troops raised and sta tioned within this colony, hath made it necessary for us to take the arms out of the hands of a great part of the militia, which has made them greatly deficient in arms. The singular situation of this colony will, we hope, excite Your Excellency's imme diate attention. Rhode Island, and the many other islands in our bays and rivers, with the extensive sea coast, render it very difficult to defend ourselves against the present ministerial forces. What our situation must be, if a large armed force should make a landing upon Rhode Island, or any other part of the colony, Your Excellency may as easily sug gest as we can describe. It will, we are sure, be Your Excellency's great concern to defend every part of the continent, as far as possible. Should Your Excellency see fit to order any part of the forces from the vicinity of Boston to any of the Southern colonies, we could wish Your Excellency would order their march through this colony by the sea shore, that we might have the chance of their being present, should the colony be immediately invaded ; and whether it may not be necessary that a considerable force should be immediately stationed here, until the intentkm of the enemy can be known, we submit to Your Excellency. We are extremely solicitous for all the assistance Your Excellency can aflfordi consistent with the general good, and doubt not but the utmost attention will be paid by Your Excellency to our peculiar distressed and dangerous. Which being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, approved ; and that His Honor the Governor be requested to sign a copy thereof, in behalf of this colony, and forward the same immediately to His Excellency General Washington. It is voted and resolved, that Henry Marchant, Thomas Greene and William Ellery, Esqs., be, and they are hereby, appointed to wait upon His Excellency General Washington, with the memorial of this Assembly. That they give the best information in their power, of the state of this colony to His Excellency, or in his absence, to the commander in chief for the time being, and use the most press- 472 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. ing instances for stationing a body of troops from the Conti nental army in this colony, until the destination of the army, which hath lately been obliged to evacuate Boston, shall be as certained ; and that they pray the general to recommend to the Honorable Continental Congress the placing such a force in this colony, as shall appear necessary for the defence thereof. It is voted and resolved, that the several officers appointed to the companies of artillery, pursuant to an act of the General Assembly, passed at the January session last, .establishing ar tillery companies in several towns in this colony, be commis sioned by His Honor the Governor, in the usual manner ; and that their commissions bear date at the time of their ap pointment. Whereas, Mr. Jonathan Peck exhibited unto this Assembly two accounts, by him charged against the colony, for supplying the people who appeared upon the alarms at Bristol, upon the cannonading that town, and burning the houses upon Pru dence ; and the said accounts being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby are, allowed ; and that £7 4s. id., lawful money, being the amount thereof, be paid unto the said Jonathan Peck, out of the gen eral treasury. It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety be, and they are hereby, directed to allow all such billeting for sol diers, as shall appear to them just and right, by proper certifi cates from the officer or officers commanding them. It is voted and resolved, that Capt. Robert Elliot and Col. Jesse Champlin, be, and they are hereby, appointed a commit tee to proceed to Stonington, to purchase, for the use of the colony, the powder, arms, flints, blankets and all warlike stores, which Messrs. Clark and Nightingale have to dispose of, and cause the same to be lodged in such places as this As sembly shall appoint (if they oan purchase the same), and that they give a draft upon the general treasury, for the payment, thereof. It is voted and resolved, that the troops now quartered at Mr. George Irish's house, be immediately removed therefrom ; 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 473 that all the troops quartered at, and in, private houses, be also removed, as soon as possible; saving those stationed at tho Dudley House and Straw Castle, who are to remain until fur ther orders from this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor be, and he is hereby, requested to write to His Excellency Gen! Washington, soliciting him for six seamen taken from the ene my, and now prisoners, to be exchanged for so many inhabit ants of this colony, who are detained on board the King's ship, in this colony. It is voted and resolved, that the two Houses will, in a grand committee, inquire into the state of the troops stationed upon Rhode Island, and the conduct of Henry Babcock, Esq., colonel-commandant of the colony brigade. That Col. Jonathan Arnold, James Arnold, Jr., Thomas Wells, Jr., Cromel Child and John Jepson, Esqs., or the ma jor part of them, be, and they are hereby, appointed a commit tee to take the evidences and informations before this Assem bly, respecting the conduct of Henry Babcock, Esq., as colonel- commandant of the colony's brigade ; and from thence draw up the several articles laid to his charge ; and that they make report to this Assembly as soon as may be. Whereas, Mrs. Deborah Dayton, preferred a petition to this Assembly, setting forth that Capt. Wallace had refused to exchange her husband, Benedict Dayton, for the wounded prisoner taken at Prudence ; and prayed that if the six sea men which this Assembly have petitioned His Excellency Gen. Washington for, to exchange for the American prisoners on board the ministerial fleet, now in Newport harbor, could not be obtained, that one of the prisoners now confined in Provi dence jail, might be delivered up inexchange for her said hus band ; — It is therefore voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor be requested to send by express to Gen. Washington his appli cation for six seamen ; that in case one of said seamen cannot be had, to exchange for said Dayton, when the brigantine on board of which he is, shall return from her cruise, then one of VOL. VII. 60 474 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. the prisoners in Providence jail, shall be exchanged for him ; and that His Honor the Governor be requested to direct which of said prisoners shall be exchanged. Whereas, Mr. John Banister represented unto this Assem bly, that the committee which were heretofore appointed to examine and estimate the damages he had sustained by means ofthe soldiers being quartered in his house, had not been able to attend said business ; and prayed that this Assembly would take the premises into consideration, and appoint such other committee in the town of Newport, or upon the island of Rhode Island, as will settle the same ; wherefore — It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. John G. Wanton, Wil liam Ellery and Christopher Lippitt be, and they or the major part of them, are hereby, appointed a committee, to take into consideration the matter set forth in said petition, respecting the damages, until the time of said soldiers being removed ; and that such buildings as have been erected on said Banister's farm, by the colony, be removed. Whereas, the committee, for signing the lawful money bills of credit, ordered by this Assembly, at their session, holden in Providence on the second Monday in January last past, to be emitted, made the following report, viz. : Report. To the Honorable the General Assembly of the colony of Rhode Island, &c, to be holden at East Greenwich, in and for the said colony, on the third Monday in March, A. D. 1776. May it please Your Honors : — In pursuance of an act passed by the General Assembly, at the session held at Providence, on the second Monday in January last past, for emitting £40,000, lawful money, in bills of credit, we, the subscribers, have signed the said bills, which are of the following denomi nations to wit : 3,000, of sixty shillings each, is - - - £9,000 4,000, " forty « « . . . 8,000 6,000, " thirty » « . 9,000 1776.] 6,000, of twenty shi 6,000, " ten 6,000, " five 6,000, " four 7,500, " three 5,000, " two 6,000, " one 6,000, " ninepence 6,000, " sixpence AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. lings each, is 475 £6,000 3,000 1,500 1,200 1,125 500 300 225150 ¦£40,000 Which said bills, amounting to £40,000, we have delivered to the general treasurer, of whom we have taken a receipt in the eighth book of the Colony Records, in the secretary's office ; in which book, We have also registered an exact account of signing the same. JOHN COLE, JOSEPH CLARKE, JOHN G. WANTON, JOHN DEXTER, WELCOME ARNOLD, JAMES CONGDON, 3d. The colony to Joseph Clarke, John Cole, John Dexter, John G. Wanton, Thomas Greene, Welcome Arnold and James Congdon, 3d, - Dr. For our services in signing said bills, at one-quarter per cent. - £100 Which aforesaid premises being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the aforesaid report be, and hereby is, accepted ; that the aforesaid account be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that the amount thereof, being £100, lawful money, be paid unto the said Joseph Clarke, John Cole, John Dexter, John G. Wanton, Thomas Greene, Welcome Arnold and James Congdon, 3d, out of the general treasury. Whereas, Isaac Cooper, represented unto this Assembly, that he took a quantity of strong beer, which was in the possession of Jabez Champlin, belonging to the colony. 476 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. That he was therefor justly sentenced by the Honorable Su perior Court to pay to the colony the sum of £15 2s., lawful money, as a two-fold value of said beer. That he is unable to pay said sum, and hath a numerous family to support, who depend upon his daily labor ; and thereupon, besought this Assembly to remit said sum ; where fore, this Assembly, taking the premises into consideration, — Do vote and resolve, that the prayer of said petition be granted ; and that upon the said petioner's paying cost of court and imprisonment, he be, and hereby is, discharged. Whereas, Joseph Whaley, of South Kingstown, in Kings county, preferred a petition unto this Assembly, setting forth, that he being a soldier in Capt. Abial Brown's company of minute men, stationed upon the island of Jamestown, he was, on the morning ofthe 10th day of December, 1775, captivated by Capt. Wallace's company, and sent in one of the tenders to Boston, where he remained a prisoner a long time ; that he was stripped of his most valuable clothing. Wherefore, he besought this Assembly to take the premises into consideration, and grant him an order for his wages, dur ing his captivity ; which premises being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that upon the petitioner's producing a certificate from his commanding officer, that he has not re ceived any pay for the time, aforesaid, that he be, and hereby is, allowed wages from the time of his captivity, until the 22d day of March, A. D. 1776. Both houses being resolved into a grand committee, made choice of the following officers, to wit : Samuel Thomas, Jr., captain, of the third company of militia, in the town of North Kingstown, in the room of Joseph Case, who refuses. John Brown, Jr., lieutenant; and Joshua Vaughan, Jr., ensign, of the same company. Samuel Vial, first lieutenant ; Isaac Tyler, second lieuten ant ; and Joseph Morin, master of the row-galley Spitfire. Both houses in a grand committee proceeded to inquire into 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 477 the conduct of Col. Henry Babcock ; and having fully heard many witnesses respecting the same, and duly considered thereof, — Do vote and resolve, and it is voted and resolved, that the said Henry Babcock be, and he is hereby, continued in his command. An Act for purchasing two thousand arms for the colony, &c. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof it is enacted, that two thousand stand of good fire-arms, with bayonets, iron ramrods and cartouch boxes, be purchased for the use of the colony, which shall be stamped with the colony's arms, and the letters C. R., and distributed to each town, in proportion to the number of polls, upon the alarm list therein ; and that the expense of procuring and fur nishing the same, be paid out of the general treasury ; and that the committee for purchasing the same, or either of them, are empowered to draw moneys out of the general treasury, to pay for such arms, as they shall receive them in. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that whenever the arms aforesaid, are collected by the committee, aforesaid, and ready to be distributed to the severa towns, as aforesaid, each town shall be notified thereof, and appoint some proper person or persons to receive and take the proper care of them, and see that they are constantly in order, and fit for ser vice ; and at the time of receiving such arms, &c, each town shall give security to the general treasurer of the colony, to the full value of the arms and accoutrements so delivered, to return the same in gocd order to the colony, when demanded, or make good all deficiencies, in money. And whereas, several towns in this colony, may have sup plied, or made provision to supply, themselves with their full proportion of arms and accoutrements, as abovesaid, — Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that upon producing the same, to the satisfaction of said committee, such town or towns, shall have from the said committee, an order upon the general treasury for the amount of all such fire-arms and accoutrements, accounting the value thereof, to be the prime 478 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Governor of the colony of Rhode Island. ) Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Newport, the first Wednesday of May, 1776. The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Governor. The Hon. William Bradford, Deputy Governor. The following officers, declared elected, were duly engaged : The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Governor. The Hon. William Bradford, Deputy Governor. ASSISTANTS. Mr. John Collins, Mr. James Arnold, Maj. Gen. Simeon Potter, Mr. Jonathan Randall, Mr. Ambrose Page, Mr. Peter Phillips, Mr. John Sayles, Jr., Mr. William Potter, Mr. John Jepson, Mr. Thomas Church, DEPUTIES. Newport. Providence. Mr. John Wanton, Col. Jonathan Arnold, Mr, Samuel Fowler, Mr. John Brown, Mr. George Sears, Mr. John Smith, Mr. Gideon Wanton, Col. Amos Atwell. Mr. Thomas Freebody, Col. Joseph Belcher. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 511 DEPUTIES. Portsmouth. Mr. Metcalfe Bowler, Mr. John Coddington, Mr. John Thurston. Warwick. Mr. William Greene, Mr. Jacob Greene, Mr. Charles Holden, Jr., Col. John Waterman. Westerly. Maj. Gen. Joshua Babcock, Col. Joseph Noyes. North Kingstown. Mr. John Northup, Mr. Sylvester Gardner. South Kingstown. Capt. Samuel Seager, Mr. Samuel Babcock. East Greenwich. Mr. Job Comstock, Mr. Thomas Shippee. Jamestown. Capt. Samuel Carr, Mr. Benjamin Underwood. Smithfield. Mr. Daniel Mowry, Jr., Capt. Andrew Waterman. Scituate. Col. William West, Mr. Christopher Potter. Glocester. Mr. Richard Steere, Col. Chad Brown. Charlestoivn. Capt. Joseph Stanton, Jr., Mr. Jonathan Hazard. West Greenwich- Mr. Thomas Tillinghast, Mr. Judiah Aylworth. Coventry. Mr. Ephraim Westcott, Mr. Jeremiah Fenner. Exeter. Mr. George Pierce. Middletown. Mr. Joshua Barker, Mr. Nicholas Easton. Bristol. Mr. Shearjashub Bourn, Col. Nathaniel Pearce. Tiverton. Mr. Gideon Almy, Col. John Cooke. Little Compton. Capt. Thomas Brownell, Mr. Daniel Wilbur. Warren. Mr. Cromwell Child, Col. Sylvester Child. Cumberland. Mr. John Dexter, Capt. Elisha Waterman, Richmond. Mr. Samuel Tefft, Major Richard Bailey. Cranston. Mr. Andrew Harris, Mr. Zuriel Waterman, Johnston. Mr. John Fenner, Mr. Peleg Williams. 512 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. DEPUTIES. North Providence. Hopkinton. Major Thomas Olney, Mr. John Larkin, Mr. Jonathan Jenckes, Jr. Mr. Thomas Wells. Barrington. Mr. Edward Bosworth, Capt. Thomas Allen. The Hon. Metcalfe Bowler, speaker ; Josias Lyndon, clerk. Mr. Henry Ward, secretary. Mr. Henry Marchant, attorney general. Mr. Joseph Clarke, general treasurer. SHERIFFS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES. Newport county — Mr. Jabez Champlin. Providence county — Mr. Paul Tew. Kings county — Mr. Beriah Brown. Bris tol county — Mr. Richard Smith. Kent county — Mr. Henry Rice. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. John Smith, Amos Atwell, Joseph Belcher, Jonathan Jenckes, Jr., Ephraim West cott, George Sears and Andrew Waterman, be appointed to procure, immediately, for the use of the colony's brigade, as many iron or shod shovels, and iron scoop shovels, as can be got, not exceeding one hundred and fifty in the whole ; that they procure to be made as soon as possible, for the same use, fifty good spades ; that they be delivered to the said John Smith, and sent to Newport this week ; that the spades and shovels be well steeled, and be not purchased at a higher rate than nine shillings ; and that the committee be empowered to draw a sufficient sum of money out of the general treasury. Whereas, Mrs. Martha Sweet, the wife of Sylvester Sweet, by petition, represented unto this Assembly, that her husband, inspired with a zeal for the liberties of his country, enlisted in the service of the colony, in Capt. Westcott's company, and 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 513 had the misfortune to be taken prisoner by the ministerial fleet, under the command of Capt. Wallace, in the late attack on Jamestown, in December last, and sent to Boston ; and that she is now in a poor state of health, and unable to support her self ; and thereupon, prayed that this Assembly would con* sider her poor and deplorable circumstances, and order her husband's wages to be paid to her. And the premises being duly considered, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the committee of safety pay to the said Martha Sweet, two months of her hus band's wages. It is voted and resolved, that the regiment of the county of Newport be divided into two regiments. That the first regiment contain all the companies of militia in the towns of Newport, Portsmouth, New Shoreham, James town and Middletown. And that the second regiment contain the companies of mili tia in Tiverton and Little Compton. And it is further voted and resolved, tbat the company of militia in Little Compton, be divided into two companies, by a line beginning at Perez Richmond's house, and running easterly, as the highway runs, until it comes to the Rounds of Dartmouth. And that the company to the southward of said line, be the first company. It is voted and resolved, that the first company of militia in Providence, be divided into two companies, by a line beginning at the water, and running through Meeting Street, until it comes ,to the upper ferry. And that the company southward of said street, be the first ; and that to the northward, the third company. It is voted and resolved, that the second company of militia, in the town of Providence be divided into two companies, by a line beginning: at the lane southward of the house of Samuel Nightingale, Esq. ; and from thence, running by School House Lane, until it comes to Westminster Street, and across said street. VOL. vn. 65 514 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. And that the east part, make the second ; and the west part, the fourth company. It is voted and resolved, that the commanding officer of the colony's brigade, be directed to employ a sufficient number of men, to erect a fort at Beaver Tail, upon Conannicut, to con tain six or eight heavy cannon, under the direction of the Hon orable Eseck Hopkins, Esq., commander in chief of the Conti nental navy. Both Houses being resolved into a grand committee, pro ceeded upon the election, and chose the following officers, to. wit : Officers chosen for 'the Colony's Brigade. Joshua Babcock, Esq., major general of the militia. George Irish, Esq., colonel of the first regiment of militia, in the county of Newport. Jabez Bowen, Esq., colonel ofthe first regiment of militia, in the county of Providence. Joseph Noyes, Esq., colonel ofthe first regiment of militia, in the county of Kings county. Nathaniel Martin, Esq., colonel ofthe regiment of militia, in the county of Bristol. John Waterman, Esq., colonel of the first regiment of mili tia, in the county of Kent. John Cooke, Esq., colonel of the second regiment of militia, in the county of Newport. Chad Brown, Esq., colonel of the second regiment of militia, in the county of Providence. Robert Brown, Esq., colonel of the second regiment of mili tia, in tbe county of Kings county. Nathaniel Brown, Esq., colonel of the second regiment of militia, in the county of Kent. William West, Esq., colonel of the third regiment of militia,. in the county of Providence. George Sears, Esq., lieutenant colonel of the first regiment of militia, in the county of Newport. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 515 Amos Atwell, Esq., lieutenant colonel of the first regiment, in the county of Providence. Jesse Champlin, Esq., lieutenant colonel of the first regiment of militia, in the county of Kings county. Thomas Gray, Esq., lieutenant colonel of the regiment of militia, in the county of Bristol. John Low, Esq., lieutenant colonel of the first regiment, in the county of Kent. David Hilyard, Esq., lieutenant colonel of the second regi- meut of militia, in the county of Newport. Elisha Mowrey, Jr., Esq., lieutenant colonel of the second regiment of militia, in the county of Providence. George Pierce, Esq., lieutenant colonel of the regiment of militia, in the county of Kings county. Archibald Kasson, Esq., lieutenant colonel of the second regi ment of militia, in the county of Kent. John Colwell, Esq., lieutenant colonel ofthe third regiment of militia, in the county of Providence. Job Almy, 2d, Esq., major of the first regiment of militia, in the county of Newport. Ebenezer Thompson, Esq., major ofthe first regiment of mi litia, in the county of Providence. Jesse Maxson, Esq., major of the first regiment of militia, in the county of Kings county. Benjamin Bosworth, Esq*, major of the regiment of militia, in the county of Bristol. Thomas Tillinghast, Esq., major of the first regiment of mi litia, in the county of Kent. Pardon Gray, Esq., major of the second regiment of militia, in the county of Newport. John Fiske, Esq., major of the second regiment of militia, in the county of Providence. Charles Dyer, Esq., major of the second regiment of militia, in the county of Kings county. Yelverton Waite, Esq., major of the second regiment of mi litia, in the county of Kent. 516 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Joseph Knight, Esq., major ofthe third regiment of militia, in the county of Providence. Officers to command the several trained bands, or companies of militia, within the colony. Providence. First company — Jonathan Russsell, captain ; David Lawrence, lieutenant ; Martin Seamans, ensign. Second company — James Burrill, captain ; Wm. Rhodes, lieutenant ; Nathan Warner, ensign. Third company — John Demount, captain ; James Wheaton, son of Ephraim, lieutenant ; Martin Thurber, ensign. Fourth company — James Snow, captain; Zephaniah Brown, lieutenant ; David Bacon, ensign. Portsmouth. First company — David Gifford, captain ; Thos. Earle, lieutenant; Cooke Wilcox, ensign. Warwick. First company — Job Randall, captain ; James Arnold, 5th lieutenant ; William Lippitt, ensign. Second company — Reuben Wightman, captain ; Squire Milward, lieutenant ; James Gerrald, ensign. Third company — Thos. Rice, son of Thos., captain ; An thony Holden, son of Charles, lieutenant ; Stutely Stafford,, Jr., ensign. Westerly. First company — Joseph Pendleton, captain ; Joshua Pendleton, lieutenant ; Ephraim Pendleton, ensign. Second company — John Gavett, captain ; Stephen Saunders, lieutenant ; William Bliven, ensign. New Shoreham company — John Sands, captain ; Samuel Rathbun, Jr., lieutenant ; William Littlefield, ensign. North Kingstown. First company — Thomas Clarke, cap tain ; John Manchester, lieutenant ; Charles Dyer, ensign. Second company — William Taylor, captain ; John Cole, Jr., lieutenant ; Sylvester Sweet, ensign. Third company — Sam'l Thomas, Jr., captain ; John Brown, Jr., lieutenant ; Joshua Vaughan, ensign. South Kingstown. First company — Samuel Seagers, cap tain ; Gideon Babcock, lieutenant ; Jonathan Card, ensign. .1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS, 517 Second company — Abial Brown, captain ; James Parker, lieutenant; Barber Peckham, ensign. Third company — Ray Sands, captain ; Samuel Potter, lieu tenant ; Daniel Williams, ensign. Smithfield. First company — Thomas Jenckes, captain ; Samuel Day, lieutenant ; George Streeter, ensign. Second company — David Eddy, captain ; Ebenezer Trask, lieutenant ; Simeon Ballou, ensign- Third company — Nehemiah Smith, captain ; James Smith, lieutenant ; Jesse Smith, ensign. Scituate. First company — Peleg Fiske, captain ; Nathan Relph, lieutenant ; Jonathan Knight, Jr., ensign. Second company — Simeon Herrenden, captain ; George Dorrance, lieutenant ; Reuben Read, ensign. Third company — James Williams, captain ; Joseph Davis, lieutenant ; Caleb Potter, ensign. Fourth company — Jeremiah Davis, captain ; Isaac Hopkins, lieutenant ; Oziel Smith, ensign. Sixth company — Stephen Sheldon, captain ; James Wells, lieutenant; William Howard, ensign. Glocester. First company — Benajah Whipple, captain ; Simon Smith, lieutenant ; John Eddy, ensign. Second company — Samuel Mayes, captain ; Ezekiel Petti- place, lieutenant ; Daniel Mathewson, ensign. Third company — Abraham Winsor, captain ; Stephen Pain, lieutenant ; Richard Lewis, ensign. Fourth company — Stephen Winsor, captain ; Aaron Arnold, lieutenant ; Isaac Ross, ensign. Charlestown. First company — Thomas Sheffield, captain ; Jonathan Macomber, lieutenant ; Caleb Crandall, ensign. Second company — Amos Greene, Jr„ captain ; Beriah Lewis, lieutenant ; Daniel Stafford, ensign. Coventry. First company — Benedict Colvill, captain ; Rob ert Cooke, lieutenant ; William Collins, ensign. Second company — William Roy, captain ; Wiliiam Burling- ham, lieutenant ; Nicholas Whitford, ensign. 518 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Third company — Benj. Greene, captain ; Langford Weaver, lieutenant ; Jonathan Nichols, Jr., ensign. Fourth company — Joseph Whipple, captain ; Joseph Kin- yon, lieutenant ; Asa Bennett, ensign. Middletown company — Thomas Peckham, captain ; John Vars, lieutenant ; Thomas Coggeshall, Jr., ensign. Bristol company — Jeremiah Ingraham, captain ; Stephen Smith, lieutenant ; Hezekiah Munro, ensign. Tiverton. First company — Isaac Cooke, captain ; Philip Corey, lieutenant ; Philip Manchester, ensign. Second company — Benjamin Durfee, captain ; Ebenezer Slocum, lieutenant ; Daniel Deval, Jr., ensign. Little Compton. First company — Gideon Simmons, cap tain ; Ephraim Simmons, lieutenant ; William Bailey, ensign. Second company — George Simmons, captain ; David Cooke, lieutenant ; Fobes Little, Jr., ensign. Warren company — Ezra Ormsbee, captain ; Smith Bowen, lieutenant ; Amos Haile, ensign. Cumberland. First company — Enoch Wetherhead, captain ; Benjamin Wilkinson, lieutenant ; Joseph Razey, Jr., ensign. Richmond. First company — Simeon Clarke, Jr., captain; Thos. James, lieutenant ; Smiting Potter, ensign. Second company — Jonathan Maxson, captain ; John Clarke, lieutenant ; Jeremiah Tefft, ensign. Cranston. First company — Anthony Potter, captain ; Jo siah Potter, lieutenant ; Gideon Westcott, ensign. Second company — -Frederick Williams, captain ; Nathaniel Carpenter, lieutenant ; John Harris, Jr. , ensign. Third company — Edward Knight, captain ; William Field, 2d, lieutenant ; Joseph Potter, ensign. Hopkinton. First company — Barker Wells, captain ; Oliver Babcock, Jr., lieutenant; Elnathan Wells, ensign. Second company — George Thurston, Jr., captain ; Matthew Randall, lieutenant ; Randall Wells, ensign. Johnston. First company — Richard Fenner, Jr. , captain ; Daniel Sprague, Jr., lieutenant; James Fenner, ensign. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 519 Second company— Emmor Olney, captain ; Daniel Angell, lieutenant; Laban Waterman, ensign. North Providence company — Eleazer Jenckes, captain; Samuel Olney, lieutenant ; Jesse Angell, ensign. Barrington company — Thomas Allen, captain ; Vial Allen, lieutenant ; Daniel Kinnicutt, ensign. Committee of Safety. For the county of Newport— Metcalfe Bowler, Esq., and Col. John Cooke. For the county of Providence— Mr. John Smith and Daniel Tillinghast, Esq. For the county of Kings county — John Northup, Esq. and Mr. Joseph Stanton, Jr. For the county of Bristol — Hon. William Bradford, Esq. For the county of Kent— Stephen Mumford, Esq. James Clarke, ensign of the eighth company, in the second regiment of the colony's brigade. William Barton, Esq., major of brigade, for the county of Providence. An Act establishing an independent company, by the name of Smithfield and Cumberland Rangers. [The charter is printed at length in the Schedule.] It is voted and resolved, that this colony will send two dele gates to represent the colony in the Continental Congress. Both Houses being resolved into a grand committee, chose the Honorable Stephen Hopkins, Esq., the first delegate, to represent the colony in Congress. It is voted and resolved, that John Collins, Esq., Messrs. Jonathan Arnold, John G. Wanton, Henry Ward, Richard Steere and Shearjashub Bourn, be, and they are hereby, ap pointed a committee, to take the letter from the Honorable 520 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Stephen Hopkins, Esq., to the Governor, into consideration, and to prepare instructions to the delegates, to represent this colony in Congress ; and to make report to this Assembly, as soon as may be. It is voted and resolved, that such of the prisoners of war, now in the jail in Providence, as the Honorable Eseck Hop kins, Esq., shall think proper, be confined to close jail. In Council was read the return of the officers chosen to com mand the company of Light Infantry, for the county of Provi dence, which is as follows, to wit : John Mathewson, captain ; Jonathan Ellis, first lieutenant ; Daniel Jackson, second lieutenant ; Benjamin Tallman, ensign ; which being considered by the Council — It is voted and resolved, that the said officers be, and they are hereby, approved. In Council, was read the return of the officers chosen to command the company of Pawtuxet Rangers, in the towns of Warwick, and Cranston, which is as follows, to wit : Benjamin Arnold, captain ; Oliver Arnold, first lieutenant; Sylvester Rhodes, second lieutenant ; James Sheldon, ensign ; which being considered by the Council — It is voted and resolved, that the said officers be, and they are hereby, approved. In Council, was read the return of the officers chosen to command the company of Light Infantry, in the town of Glo- cester, and is as follows, to wit : Timothy Wilmarth, Jr., captain ; David Richmond, first lieutenant ; Martin Smith, second lieutenant ; Caleb Sheldon, ensign ; which being considered by the Council — It is voted and resolved, that the said officers be, and here by are, approved. It is voted and resolved, that William Potter, John Northup and Peter Phillips, Esqs., or the major part of them, be, and they are hereby, appointed to let out, in behalf of the colony, all the real estates ordered heretofore by the General Assem bly of this colony to be taken into possession, in the county of 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 521 Kings county, by the high sheriff of said county, in conse quence of the inimical principles their former proprietors en tertained to America. And that the said committee be empowered to let the estate in possession of Stephen Boyer, lying in North Kingstown, in said county, formerly tenant to George Rome, to the said Ste phen Boyer, or any other person ; he having given satisfaction to the committee of inspection of said North Kingstown, as to his future conduct. That said committee be also empowered to let such part of the stock on the farm, late of said George Rome, to the said Stephen Boyer ; and to sell and dispose of such part thereof, as they shall think proper ; and to account therefor, to this colony, whenever required ; and that they make report thereof, to this Assembly, at the next session. It is voted and resolved, that the commanding officer of the forces on Rhode Island be directed immediately to remove the troops from the Ferry House on the Point, belonging to Mr. Benjamin Ellery, in order that the ferry may be kept open, as usual. It is voted and resolved, that the act passed at the session held in January last, appointing watches to be kept in the sev eral towns bordering upon the sea, be suspended during the absence of the ministerial fleet. That for the future, a watch be kept only at Point Judith Point, Seaconnet Point, at Westerly, Charlestown, at the South Ferry, in South Kingstown, as heretofore ; and at North Kingstown. That the colonels of militia, in the several towns, where said watches have been kept, lay before this Assembly, at the next session, an exact account of all the expenses that have accrued since the first appointment of said watches. That a copy of this act be transmitted to each of the said colonels, within ten days after the rising of this Assembly. And that the respective members of the General Assembly, in the several towns of the colony, where a watch hath beeq. kept, inform the colonels immediately to stop said watch. vol. vii. 66 522 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. An Act repealing an act, entitled "An act for the more ef fectually securing to His Majesty, the allegiance of his sub jects, in this his colony and dominion of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations ;" and altering the forms of com missions, of all writs and processes in the courts, and of the oaths prescribed by law.* Whereas, in all states, existing by compact, protection and allegiance are reciprocal ; the latter being only due in conse quence of the former. And whereas, George the Third, King of Great Britain, for getting his dignity, regardless of the compact most solemnly entered into, ratified and confirmed to the inhabitants of this colony, by his illustrious ancestors ; and till of late, fully re cognized by him ; and entirely departing from the duties and character of a good king, instead of protecting, is endeavoring to destroy the good people of this colony, and of all the United Colonies, by sending fleets and armies to America, to confiscate our property, and spread fire, sword and desolation, throughout our country, in order to compel us to submit to the most de basing and detestable tyranny ; whereby, we are obliged, by necessity, and it becomes our highest duty, to use every means, with which God and nature have furnished us, in support of our invaluable rights and privileges ; to oppose that power which is exerted only for our destruction. Be it therefore enacted by this General Assembly, and by the authority thereof, it is enacted, that an act entitled " An act for the more effectual securing to His Majesty the allegi ance of his subjects, in this his colony and dominion of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations," be, and the same is here by, repealed. And be it further enacted by this General Assembly, and by the authority thereof, it is enacted, that in all commissions for offices, civil and military ; and in all writs and processes in law, whether original, judicial or executory, civil or criminal, where- ever the name and authority of the said King is made use of, * The official journals of the senate, show that this act, repealing the act of allegianee with Great Britain, was passed op the 4th May, 1776. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 523 the same shall be omitted ; and in the room thereof, the name and authority of the Governor and Company of this colony, shall be substituted, in the following words, to wit : " The Governor and Company of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations." That all such commissions, writs and processes, shall be otherwise of the same form and tenure as they heretofore were. That the courts of law be no longer entitled, nor considered, as the King's courts. And that no instrument in writing, of any nature or kind, whether public or private, shall, in the date thereof, mention the year of the said King's reign. Provided, nevertheless, that nothing in this act contained, shall render void or vitiate any commission, writ, process or in strument, heretofore made or executed, on account of the name and authority of the said King being therein inserted. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the oaths or engagements to be administered to the officers ap pointed in this colony, shall be as follows, to wit : General Officers. " You, , being by the free vote of the freemen of this colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, elected unto the place of , do solemnly engage to be true and faithful unto this said colony ; and in your said office equal justice to do unto all persons, poor and rich, within this juris diction, to the utmost of your skill and ability, without par tiality, according to the laws established, or that may be es tablished by the General Assembly of this colony, as well in matters military as civil ; and this engagement you make and give upon the peril of the penalty of perjury." Deputies. " You, , being chosen to the place of a deputy, to sit in the General Assembly, do solemnly engage, that you will be 524 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. true and faithful to this colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations ; and that you will do equal right and justice to all persons who shall appeal unto you, for your judgment in their respective cases, according to the laws established, or that may be established by the General Assembly of this said colony ; and this engagement you make and give upon the peril of the penalty of perjury." Judges ofthe Superior Court. " You, , being by the General Assembly of this colony, chosen to the place of a justice of the superior court of judica ture, court of assize and general jail delivery, in and through out the colony, do solemnly engage to be true and faithful to this said colony, and to execute the office unto which you are chosen, as aforesaid, with fidelity, to the best of your skill and knowledge, according to the laws established, or that may be established by the General Assembly of this said colony ; and this engagement you make and give upon the peril of the pen alty of perjury." [Public notaries, clerks of the superior and inferior courts, justices of the inferior courts, and sheriffs, to take the same oath as the justices of the superior court, mutatis mutandis.] Grand Jurors. " You, A. B., being ofthe grand inquest, on the behalf of the Governor and Company of the English colony of Rhodeisland and Providence Plantations, do hereby promise and engage to make a true return to this court of all such bills as shall be presented to you, or such breakers of law as shall come to your know ledge ; and this engagment you make and give upon the peril ofthe penalty of perjury." Petit Jurors in Civil Causes. "You, A. B., being of this jury of trials, shall well and truly try the issue of this case, and all cases that shall be com- 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 525 mitted unto you from this court, between the parties, plaintiff and defendant, according to law and evidence ; and to keep together until you agree of a verdict in the case or cases com mitted to you, and make true return of a verdict or verdicts unto this court ; and to keep your own and fellows' secrets ; and this engagement you make and give upon the peril of the penalty of perjury." Petit Jurors in Criminal Causes. ¦"You, A. B., being of this jury of trials, shall well and truly try, and true deliverance make, between the Governor and Company of the English colony of Rhode. Island and Provi dence Plantations, and the prisoner at the bar, according to law and evidence ; and to keep together until you are agreed of a verdict or verdicts, in the case or cases that shall be committed to you, from this court, and to keep your own and fellows' secrets ; and this engagement you make and give upon the peril of the penalty of perjury." Town Officers. "You, A. B., do hereby solemnly engage to be true and faithful unto this colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plan tations ; and that you will well and truly, according to the laws established, or that may be established by the General As sembly of said colony, execute the office of , for the en suing year, or until another be engaged in your room, or you be legally discharged therefrom ; and this engagement you make and give upon the peril ofthe penalty of perjury." Military Commissioned Officers. " You, A. B., being, by the General Assembly, chosen and elected unto the place and office of , do solemnly swear to be true and faithful unto this colony of Rhode Island and Provi dence Plantations, and to the authority therein established by 526 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. the General Assembly ; and you do also further engage well and truly to execute the office of , to which you are elect ed, according to your commission ; and to perform and observe all the laws made and provided for the support and well order ing the militia, without partiality ; and that you will observe and follow such orders and instructions as you shall from time to time receive from your superiors. So help you God." Clerk of a Company of Militia. "You, A. B., do solemnly swear well and truly to perform and execute the office of clerk of the company, or trained band, under the command of C. D., to the utmost of your skill and ability, without partiality, according to the laws of this colony, which relate to your office. So help you God." Instructions from the General Assembly of Rhode Island, to Ste phen Hopkins and William Ellery, Delegates from the Colony to the Continental Congress. The Governor and Company of the English colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, in General Assembly convened, to Stephen Hopkins and William Elleiy, Esquires, greeting : Whereas, this Assembly, reposing special trust and confidence in your abilities and integrity, have appointed you, the said Stephen Hopkins and William Ellery, dele gates, to represent this colony in general Congress ; you are therefore hereby em powered to join with the delegates of the other United Colonies, in Congress, at Philadelphia, as soon as conveniently may be, or at such time and place as shall be agreed upon by the major part of the delegates from the said colonies. You are also authorized and empowered to consult and advise with the delegates ofthe said colonies, in Congress, upon the most proper measures for promoting and confirm ing the strictest union and confederation between the said United Colonies, for exerting their whole strength and force to annoy the common enemy, and to secure to the said colonies their rights and liberties, both civil and religious ; whether by entering into treaties with any prince, state, or potentate ; or by such other prudent and effectual ways and means as shall be devised and agreed upon. And in conjunction with the delegates from the said United Colonies, or the ma jor part of them, to enter into and adopt all such measures ; taking the greatest care to secure to this colony, in the strongest arid most perfect manner, its present estab hshed form, and all the powers of government, so far as relate to its internal police and conduct of our own affairs, civil and religious. You are also instructed and directed to exert your utmost abilities in carrying on this just and necessary war, in which we are engaged against cruel and unnatural 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 527 enemies, in the most vigorous manner, until peace shall be restored to the said colo nies, and their rights and liberties secured upon a solid and permanent basis. You are also empowered to join with the major part of the delegates of the said United Colonies, in adjourning from time to time, and to such place or places, as shall be thought proper, for and during one year. You have it in express charge, to make immediate application to Congress, to put the colony brigade upon the Continental establishment, and to defray the expenses of it from the first enlistment ofthe troops, as that number is indispensably necessary for the defence of the colony, which is utterly unable to support them. And as it may happen, that from sickness, or other necessary causes, one of you may be absent from Congress, in all such cases, the other is hereby as fully empowered to represent the colony, as though both were present and agreed in sentiment. The committee appointed for that purpose, having reported the foregoing instructions to the delegates to represent this colony in Congress ; which being considered, ^- It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby are, approved.* * Stephen Hopkins to the Governor of Rhode Island. Philadelpbia, 15th May, 1776. Sir : — Your favor of the 7th of May, I have received, and the papers enclosed in it. I ob serve that ypii have avoided giving me a direct answer to my queries concerning depend ence or independence ; however, the copy of the act of Assembly, which you have sent me, together with our instructions, leave me little room to doubt what is the opinion of the colo ny I came from. I suppose that it will not be long before tho Congress will throw off all connection as well in name as in substance, with Great Britain ; as one thing after another, seem gradu ally to lead them to such a step ; they having, within a few days, passed a resolve earnestly to recommend to all the colonies who at present are notunderaperfectfoim of government, to take up and form such, each colony for themselves ; which I make no doubt most of them will very soon do. I have now the pleasure to inform you, that Congress on Saturday last, passed a resolve for taking into Continental pay, the two Rhode Island battalions ; which resolve, I here with enclose. A letter from General Washington to Congress, warmly recommending it to them to take this step respecting the colony of Rhode Island, had great influence in procuring it to be done. I could therefore wish the colony in a handsome manner, to acknowledge this favor, and to return thanks to the General, for his good offices in their behalf. The affair which you mention, respecting Block Island, I shall take the first opportunity to lay before Congress, and obtain their directions concerning it. I am very glad you have given me a colleague ; and am well pleased with the gentleman whom you have appointed. I am very glad to hear that the colony appeared so very unanimous in the late election : congratulate you in your choice to the office of government, and wish that every part ofthe colony would forget and totally banish every kind of jealousy and discord from amongst them. This is a time when the very great danger that all America is exposed to, should make every body sensible that the most firm union in all its parts, should be carefully studied and effected. 528 RECORDS OF QUE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that the standing committee inquire what arms are in possession of the colony, belonging to particu lar persons ; and to call upon Peter Philips, Esq., Col. Church, Col. Varnum and Col. Hitchcock, to render an account to the Assembly what arms they have received, and of whom. It is voted and resolved, that each field officer within this colony, upon duty, upon any alarm, shall be allowed as fol lows, to wit : Each colonel, eight shillings ; each lieutenant colonel, seven shillings ; and each major, six shillings per day. It is voted and resolved, that for the future, the troops of the Rhode Island brigade be paid off monthly. Whereas, John Cole, Esq., in behalf of the minister, church wardens and congregation, of the Episcopal Church, in Provi dence, preferred a petition, and reDresented unto this Assem bly, that John Whipple, late of said Providence, gentleman, deceased, did give and grant unto the minister, church war dens and congregation of said church, a certain lot of land, lying on the north side of said church ; and to the eastward of Mr. Nathaniel Wheaton's and William Smith's lands, to them and their successors forever, as a burying place ; that the said Wheaton and Smith are owners of a lot of land lying to the eastward and southward of said church, which the}' are desirous and willing to exchange for the same quantity of land out of the lot given by said John Whipple, which will lay the land belonging to the church mnch more convenient and commo dious for the purpose of a burying place, than it is at present ; and thereupon prayed this Assembly to enable some persons to give and receive deeds in exchange of said lots of land, for the purpose, aforesaid ; on consideration whereof — Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au- I herewith send you commissions for all the officers in your two regiments, which I hope you will cause to be filled up, so as to give the greatest satisfaction. As the field officers will be appointed, or at least approved by Cougress, I could wish that you will transmit to me the names of such gentlemen as you may think most capable to fill tho^e offices. I $m, with great respect, Yours, and the colony's very humble servant, STEP. HOPKINS. To Nicholas Cooke, Esq. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 529 thority thereof, it is enacted, that the foregoing petition be granted ; and that the church wardens of said church, be, and they are hereby empowered to give and receive deeds for the exchange of the lands, aforesaid ; and that the deeds by them given and received, shall be good and valid, to all intents and purposes, whatever. Whereas, the Honorable Samuel Ward, Esq., late a delegate for this colony, in the Continental Congress, hath lately de ceased in the city of Philadelphia ; in testimony of the respect due to his memory, and in grateful remembrance of his public services, — Resolved, that his executors or administrators are desired, as soon as may be, to exhibit to this Assembly, an account of his funeral expenses, for payment.* * Samuel Waed, was born at Newport, Rhode Island, on the 27th May, 1715. He was the second son of Richard Ward, who was Governor of Rhode Island in 1741 and 1742, and the grandson of Thomas Ward, who came to this country during the time of Charles II., and who died in Rhode Island in 1689, a highly esteemed and respectable citizen. Samuel, the subject of this sketch, completed his education at Harvard College, where he graduated in 1733. His education was of a very practical character ; and under the tutelage of his father (who was at the head of a large commercial and agricultural interest at Newport), he acquired an extensive knowledge of the duties of a merchant and a farmer. At an early period of his Ufe, he married Anne Ray, the daughter of a respectable farmer of Block Island, and an elder sister of Catharine Ray, of Block Island, who is mentioned in the life of Dr. Franklin, as one of his most valued and intelligent correspondents. After his marriage, Mr. Ward settled down on a farm at Westerly, devoting himself to the im provement of his estate, and the prosecution of his commercial pursuits. His first appearance in public life, was in 1756, when he represented the town of Wes terly, in the General Assembly of Rhode Island. He remained in the Assembly, until 1759 and was known as one ofthe most active and intelligent ipen, in that body. During the French war, which took place about that time, Mr. Ward represented Rhode Island at a convention, which was held at Hartford, to consult with Lord Loudoun, the commander of the British forces, as to the best course to be pursued by the colonies and the parent country, in the vigorous prosecution of the war. The report of the commis, sioners of Rhode Island, which was presented by Mr. Ward, was approved by the Assem bly, and the suggestions it contained, carried into execution. The careful reader of the colonial history ofthe United States, and particularly that of thp State of Rhode Island, is familiar with the paper money controversy which raged throughout the colonies during the greater part of the eighteenth century, anterior to the Revolution. A newspaper article is not the place for an elaboration of the merits and demerits of this controversy. While Mr. Ward was a member of the Assembly, it raged to a fearful extent. Stephen Hopkins, subsequently a signer ofthe Declaration of Independence, ran as candi date for Governor, in 1757, as an opponent of the paper system, after having served as Gov ernor, the year preceding. During the canvass, he published an address to the citizens of Rhode Island, intimating that during his term of office, the Legislature had pursued a course of policy hostile to th} VOL. VH. 67 530 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. And it is further resolved, that the delegates for this colony, for the time being, be instructed to erect a decent tomb stone, or monument of marble, with such inscription as they shall think suitable, over the place where his body hath been deposited, at the expense of this colony. success of his administration. Mr. Ward cefended the Assembly, and attacked the admin istration of Governor Hopkins with severity. The Governor brought a suit against Mr. Ward, for slander, in the courts of the State, retaining the celebrated James Otis, as his counsel. This suit was never prosecuted, and led to a further exasperation of feeling among the partisans of Hopkins and Ward. The feeling continued for several years ; and, in 1762, Mr. Ward was elected Governor, after a most animating and exciting canvass. He was suc ceeded by Mr. Hopkins, in 1763 ; but was again elected in 1765, and continued in office until 1767. We pass over hurriedly, the incidents of the colonial history, and the prominent part taken by Governor Ward in the strifes and struggles ofthe colonial politics. We find our selves on the threshold of more important and memorable events. We find the " stamp act excitement " (that prologue to the great drama of the Revolu tion), extending into Rhode Island. We find the Assembly appointing delegates to the Colonial Congress, which was to meet at New York ; and find Henry Ward (a younger bro ther of the Governor,) among the number. We find Governor Ward at an early day taking a decided stand against the preliminary encroachments of the ministry. We find him a private citizen in 1773, writing a letter to his fellow citizens oi Westerly, proposing and advocating a united opposition to all attempts at introducing taxed tea into Newport, by the British. We find him, in 1774, the chairman of a. town committee, at Westerly, in troducing a series of resolutions breathing forth a spirit of patriotic devotion to the threat ened rights ofthe people of the colonies; and eventually, we find him appointed, in con junction with his old antagonist, Stephen Hopkins, a delegate from the colony of Rhode Island, to the Continental Congress, which met at Philadelphia, in Carpenter's Hall, on the 5th of September, 1774. The drama of revolution and war opened with all its horrors of bloodshed and devasta tion, and all its glorious scenes of devotion to tbe rights of man, and determination to ob tain liberty, at any and every cost. Samuel Ward, of Rhode Island, performed a prominent part in these scenes, and performed it well. Speaking of bis own position and his feelings, in a letter to his brother, written in 1775, he says : " I have traced the progress of this unnatural war, through burning towns, devastation of the country, and every subsequent evil. I have realized, with regard to myself, the bullet, the bayonet and the haltar ; and, compared with the immense object I have in view, they are all less than nothing. No man living, perhaps, is more fond of his children than I am, and I am not so old as to be tired of life ; and yet, as far as I can now judge, the ten- derest connections and the most important private concerns are very minute objects. Heaven save my country, I was going to say, is my first, my last, and almost my only prayer." Eloquent words, sincerely written ! Governor Ward knew their meaning ; knew the times upon which he had fallen, and knew how to meet approachipg emergency. He took an active part in the movements of the Rhode Island patriots, and earnestly co-operated with John Adams, in his efforts to place the military system upon a proper footing. His son, Samuel Ward, had but recently come from college, and entered the colonial army with the commission of captain. While the Congress was in committee of the whole on the consideration cf the state of America, Mr. Ward occupied the chair. He was chairman ofthe committee ofthe whole, which originated a resolution, " that a 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 531 It is voted and resolved, that Mr. John JeHckes and Mr. John Waterman be a committee to purchase a proper place, and erect a powder mill thereon, at the charge of the colony, as soon as possible ; and that they draw out of the general treasury .£150, lawful money, for that purpose. It is voted and resolved, that John Cole, Esq., be, and he is hereby, elected to the office of advocate of the court erected for the trial of maritime causes within this colony, for the year ensuing. It is voted and resolved, that Col. John Cooke be employed to purchase four oxen, for the service of this colony, on Conan- nicut ; and that they be used by Col. Hoxsie, to plough as much of the land on said island, in the possession of the colony, as he shall think necessary for planting potatoes for the troops in the service of the colony, unless said oxen be otherwise em ployed. It is voted and resolved, that Friday, the 17th day of May inst., be observed as a day of fasting, and public humiliation general be appointed to command all the Continental forces raised, or to be raised, for the defence of American liberty." This resolution was passed. After which, " the Congress then proceeded to the choice of a general, by ballot ; and George Washington, Esq., was unanimously elected." He was a devoted admirer of Gen. Washington, and a sincere ad. vocate of his election. A few weeks after the appointment, he wrote to Gen. Washington, thus: •' I most cheerfully entered upon a solemn engagement, upon your appointment, to sup port you with my life and my fortune ; and I shall most religiously, and with the highest pleasure, endeavor to discharge that duty." We find Governor Ward a most active member of Congress, and untiring in his efforts to organize and advance the preparations for defence on the part of the colonists. He was warmly in favor of pronouncing a declaration of independence ; and, although he did not live to sign the Declaration, yet he was one ofthe most active and determined among those who consummated it. He wrote to his son Samuel, who had been taken prisoner at Quebec, under the lamented Montgomery, words of encouragement, approval and fatherly advice ; and, as a member of Congress, did every thing possible for the advancement ofthe cause, and the successful de fence of colonial liberty. Death came upon him suddenly in the noonday of his usefulness. We find him presiding in the committee of the whole on the 13th of March ; the last time he is mentioned by the journals of Congress, as participating in its proceedings. He was present, as a member, on March 14, and March 15 ; but from thenceforward, his seat was vacant forever. On the 26th of March, 1776, he died of small pox, in the fifty-first year of his age. The Pennsylvania Ga zette, March 27, 1776, now before us, thus announces his death : "Died, yesterday morning, the Honorable Samuel Ward, Esq., late member of the Con tinental Congress ; his remains will be interred this afternoon, in the Baptist Church. The procession will begin at 3 o'clock, this afternoon, at Mrs. Honse's, in Lodge Alley, where the friends of the deceased are desired to attend. The body will be carried to Arch 532 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. and prayer, in and throughout the colony, agreeably to are- solve of the Continental Congress ; that all servile labor be for bidden on that day ; and that His Honor the Governor issue his proclamations, accordingly. It is voted and resolved, that the commanding officer in eaeh company of the Rhode Island brigade be, and he is hereby, di rected to prevent the soldiers from doing any damage to the inhabitants of this colony, by travelling over their ploughed land, or by any other ways or means, whatsoever. That the commanding officer of said brigade be also1 ordered to clear all the best houses in Newport of the troops ; and that the commanding officer of said brigade be empowered and di rected to station the troops in such convenient empty houses in Newport, as will be least liable to suffer damage from the sol diers, and least expensive to the colony. And it is further resolved, that this act extend to the town of Jamestown. It is voted and resolved, that Isaac Ross Bliven be a sur- Street Church, where a sermon on the occasion, will be delivered by the Rev. Mr. Stillman, The ladies will be admitted into the galleries at 3 o'clock." Tj the letters of John Adams, we find the following allusion to the death of Governor Ward: " His funeral was attended with the same solemnities as Mr. Randolph's. Mr. Stillman being the Ana-Baptist minister here, of which persuasion was the Governor, was desired by Congress, to preach a sermon, which he did, with great applause." Many years subsequent to this, John Adams, writing to a grandson of Governor Ward, tb-is spoke of him : " He was a gentleman, in his manners ; benevolent and amiable in his disposition ; and _s decided, ardent and uniform in his patriotism, as any member of that Congress. When '.ie was seized with the small pox, he said that if his vote and voice were necessary to sup port the cause of his country, he should live ; if not, he should die. He died, and the cause of his country was supported ; but it lost one of its most sincere and punctual advocates.' ' The remains of Governor Ward were exhumed and removed to Rhode Island, in 1860. The slab over bis grave, contains the following inscription, written by John Jay: " In memory of the Honorable Samuel Ward, formerly Governor of the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations ; afterwards delegated from that colony to the General Con gress ; in which station, he died, at Philadelphia, of the small pox, March 26th, 1776, in the fifty-first year of his age. His great abilities, his unshaken integrity, his ardor in the cause of freedom, his fidelity in the offices he filled, induced the State of Rhode Island and Provi dence Plantations to erect this grateful testimony of their respect." — Providence Press March 19, 1860. A fuller memoir of Governor Ward, from the pen of Charles Denison, Esq., of WeHeriy, was pubbshed in the " Narragansett Weekly," Westerly, beginning July 21, 1859, and con tinued through several numbers of the paper. It is to be hoped that the writer may print it in a better form for preservation. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 533 geon's mate, to the brigade raised by this colony ; and that he be commissionated upon condition that he resigns his commis sion as an ensign. Whereas, the committee, for signing the money, presented unto this Assembly, the following report and account, to wit : Report of the Committee. In pursuance of an act passed by the General Assembly, at the session, held at East Greenwich, on the third Monday in March last past, for emitting £20,000, lawful money, in bills- of credit ; we, the subscribers, have signed the said bills, which are of the following denominations, to wit : 1,600 bills, of sixty shillings each, is - £4,800 2,000, " forty tt _ 4,000 3,000, " thirty tt _ - 4,500 3,000, " twenty 1776,] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS, 545 The Governor of Rhode Island to Thomas Cushing. Providence, May 6th, 1776. Sir : — At the request of the General Assembly, I am to acknowledge the receipt of yours ofthe 3d instant; and to inform you, that in case of an attack upon the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, this colony will alford all the assistance in our power to give. Orders have been given to several of the colonels of militia, to hold their regiments in readiness. The enclosed act passed the upper house, unanimously, and the lower house, by a vast majority ; there being upwards qf sixty members present, and only six votes against it. I am, with great regard, sir, Y^our most obedient and humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To the Honorable Thomas Cushing, Esq. The Governor of Rhode Island, to General Washington. Providence, May 6th, 1776. Sir : — Your Excellency's favor, in which you assure me, that you will recommend this unhappy colony to the Continental Congress, hath been laid before the General Assembly, to whom it gave great satisfaction. I enclose you a copy of Col. Babcock's dismission. The office of brigadier general is still kept vacant, in hopes that the brigade will be put upon the Continental es tablishment, and that a commander in chief will be appointed by Congress. I also enclose a copy of an act discharging the inhabitants of this colony from al legiance to the King of Great Britain, which was carried in the house of deputies, after a debate, with but sjx dissentient voices ; there being upwards of sixty members present. I may also inform Your Excellency that the delegates from this colony are in structed and authorized to join with the major part of the delegates in entering into treaty with any prince, state, or potentate for the security of the colonies ; and to adopt any other measures that may be thought prudent and effectual. This instruc tion passed nem. con. The lower house afterwards passed a vote for taking the sense of the inhabitants at large upon the question of independence ; but the upper house represented to them that it would probably be discussed in Congress before the sense ofthe inhab itants could be taken and transmitted to the delegates ; in which case, the Colony would lose their voice, as the delegates would be laid under the necessity of waiting for instructions from their constituents ; and further observed, that the delegates, when they should receive a copy of the vote renouncing allegiance to the British King, and their instructions, could not possibly be at a loss to know the sentknents of the General Assembly. Upon this, the matter was dropped. I have the satisfaction, also, to inform Your Excellency, that at a very full town meeting of the inhabitants at Newport, held last Monday, it was unanimously voted, to enter into the defence of the town ; an4 last Thursday, a considerable body of them began to work upon the fort to be erected upon Brenton's Point. vol. vn. 69 646 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776 This happy event, I have great hopes will make us a united people, and root up every seed of disaffection in the colony. I take the liberty once more to press Your Excellency in behalf of the colony, the defence of which must be abandoned, unless we receive assistance from the Congress. I am, with great respect, sir, Your most obedient and most humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To His Excellency General Washington. P. S. By this day's post, I have forwarded to Mr. Hopkins, an instruction from the General Assembly, directing him to make immediate application to Congress, to put our troops upon the Continental establishment. Edmund Pendleton, President of the General Convention of Vir ginia, to Metcalfe Bowler, Speaker of the House of Depu ties of the General Assembly of Rhode Island. Virginia, May 22d, 17 76. Sir: — I am honored with the commands ofthe General Convention of this colony, to transmit to you the enclosed resolutions, which they have thought it indispensa bly necessary to enter into at this important crisis ; requesting you will communicate their contents to the General Assembly of your colony, for their consideration. I have the honor to be, sir, Your most obedient servant, EDM'D PENDLETON, President. To the Honorable the Speaker of the General Assembly of Rhode Island. Proceedings of the General Convention of Virginia, relative to a Declaration of Independence by the United Colonies, of the Crown of Great Britain. In Convention, •> Present, one hundred and twelve members, j Wednesday, May 15, 1776. Forasmuch, as all the endeavors of the United Colonies, by the most decent rep resentations and petitions to the King and Parliament of Great Britain, to restore peace and security to America, under the British government, and a re-union with that people, upon just and liberal terms, instead of a redress of grievances, have produced, from an imperious and vindictive administration, increased insult, oppress sion, and a vigorous attempt to effect our total destruction. By a late act, all these colonies are declared to be in rebellion, and out ofthe pro tection of the British crown ; our properties subjected to confiscation ; our people, when captivated, compelled to join in the murder and plunder of their relations and countrymen ; and all former rapine and oppression of Americans, declared legal and just. Fleets and armies are raised, and the aid of foreign troops engaged, to assist these destructive purposes. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 547 The King's representative in this colony, hath not only withheld all the powers of government from operating for our safety ; but, having retired on board an armed ship, is carrying on a piratical and savage war against us ; tempting our slaves, by every artifice, to resort to him, and training and employing them against their masters. In this state of extreme danger, we have no alternative left, but an abject sub mission to the will of those overbearing tyrants, or a total separation from the crown and government of Great Britain ; uniting and exerting the strength of all America, for defence ; and forming alliances with foreign powers, for commerce, and aid in war. Wherefore, appealing to the Searcher of Hearts, for the sincerity of former declara tions, expressing our desire to preserve out connection with that nation ; and that we are driven from that inclination by their wicked councils, and the eternal laws of self-preservation, — Resolved unanimously, that the delegates appointed to represent this colony, in General Congress, be instructed to propose to that respectable body, to declare the United Colonies free and independent states ; absolved from all allegiance to, or de pendence upon, the crown or Parliament of Great Britain ; and that they give the assent of this colony to such declaration, and to whatever measures may be thought proper and necessary by the Congress, for forming foreign alliances, and a confed eration of the colonies, at such time, and in the manner, as to them shall seem best. Provided, that the power of forming government for, and the regulations of the internal concerns of each colony, be left to the respective colonial legislatures. Resolved unanimously, that a committee ought to be appointed to prepare a declaration of rights, and such a plan of government, as will be most likely to main-- tain peace and order in this colony, and secure substantial and equal liberty to the people. EDMUND PENDLETON, President. (A copy.) JOHN TAZEWELL, Clerk of the Convention. General Schuyler to the Governor cf Rhode Island. Fort George, May 23d, 1776. Sir : — I am honored with your letter of the 13th inst.,* which was yesterday de livered me by Major Robinson ; from whom, I also received to the amount of $1,713, in specie ; for which, I have passed my receipt. This sum, small as it is, will much alleviate the distress of our army, and will be sent into Canada this morning, by General Sullivan, who has already received it into his charge. You have doubtless, ere this, been minutely informed of the particulars of raising the blockade of Quebee ; an event greatly unfortunate for us ; but which I trust will not be attended with so many dreadful consequences as the generality of peo ple, on the first account of such an occurrence, are apt to imagine. General Thomas has retired no further than the force of necessity obliged him to do, and he holds his ground at Dechambault ; and although he has been greatly dis tressed, in the article of provision, and reduced to the most scanty allowance, yet he - This letter is not among the files in the Secretary's office. 548 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. has been some days since relieved by what I have sent from hence ; nor will he ex perience a scarcity in future, as I have already forwarded more than a month's pro vision for what army is now in Canada ; and the remainder of General Sullivan's brigade will carry considerably more than that with them, for their number. The sending off General Sullivan's and General Thompson's brigades into Canada, which was done as soon as resolved on, has given me my hands full ; and has occa sioned the building of two hundred batteaux more than Congress intended ; an ar duous business, at a season of the year when all forage was expended, and the roads extremely bad. The troops have, however, not been detained, except the last brigade, for a very few days, that it might be preceded by a quantity of provisions! the third regiment will move at eight, this morning ; another to-morrow, and the two remaining ones as soon as they can arrive at this place, which I trust will be in the course of this week ; part of one of them I have sent into Tryon county, to ap prehend the forces there. The arrival of General Sullivan's brigade, I am confident will have a happy effect on the Canadians, and inspire them with confidence, which is all they want ; for I have good intelligence that most of the peasants are warmly attached to us, and will readily afford us every assistance on the prospect of our being able to maintain our ground in Canada. The first accounts may have exaggerated our loss, although I have no regular re turn ; I cannot learn that it exceeds two hundred, who were in the hospital ; the parties stationed at Orleans and Point Levi, having both joined General Thomas ; a circumstance that gives me more pleasure, as it is a convincing proof of the friendly disposition of the Canadians, who certainly might have cut off these small bodies, if they chose. All the heavy cannon and ammunition sent from hence this spring, is safe, except about twenty-seven barrels of powder, which the enemy took in a smaP schooner. I hope soon to have the happiness to announce to my superiors, that our affairs in Canada, are re-established ; and that the Hand which sometimes chastises, will nev ertheless support the much injured Americans against their unnatural, unrelenting and cruel enemy ; and establish them a free and a happy people. I am, sir, with esteem; Your honor's most obedient, humble servant, PH. SCHUYLER. To the Honorable Governor Cooke, &c, &c 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 549 Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for ihe Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Newport, on the second Monday in June, 1776. The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Governor. The Hon. William Bradford, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that the persons at whose houses the picket guard kept at Middletown, the winter and spring last past, be, and they are hereby, allowed two pence, lawful money, per night, for each and every soldier, who kept at said houses, as a picket guard, during the said time. That the owners of said houses be accountable for what wood they received of the colony ; and that the money be paid by the committee of safety. Whereas, Messrs. Metcalfe Bowler, John Jenckes, Jabez Bowen, Thomas Greene and John G. Wanton, were appointed a committee to audit the accounts of Joseph Clarke, Esq., gen eral treasurer ; and they having presented to this Assembly the following state of his account, and report thereon, to wit : [Here follows the account.] It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. Nathaniel Mumford, Thomas Greene and Gideon Mumford, be, and they are hereby, directed to make inquiry what salt is in the colony, belonging to the government, and what the same cost, including the ves sels and cargoes which were lost, as well as those which re turned safe ; and make report to this Assembly, by Friday morning next, at farthest. It is voted and resolved, that the sheriff of the county of New port do, and he is hereby directed to, take immediate possession of the tan-yard, vats, leather, stock of hides, and every thing else in the tan-yard, in Newport, belonging to George Rome, for the use of the colony. 550 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Cromel Child be, and he is hereby, directed to make suitable wooden wheels to the ship gun carriages he is employed to make for the colony ; and that Mr. Edward Church make such wheels for the carriages he is employed to make for the colony. It is voted and resolved, that the sheriff of the county of Newport do, and he is hereby, directed to take immediate pos session of a lot of land, with two dwelling houses thereon, lying in Newport, on the south side of the Parade, being the estate of George Rome, to, and for, the use of the colony. That the said sheriff likewise take into his possession, for the use of the colony, all other the estate of the said George Rome, lying in the county of Newport, which hath not already been seized. And that the tenants of the estate, aforesaid, account for all arrearages of rent, to the colony. Whereas, during the recess of the General Assembly, such of the members thereof, as could conveniently be immediately convened, did assemble, and thinking it to be expedient that John Collins, Esq., should present unto the Most Honorable the Continental Congress the following memorial : Memorial of the Colony of Rhode Island, to the Continental Congress. To the Most Honorable the delegates of the United Colonies, in Congress, assembled at Philadelphia : In the absence of the Governor and Deputy Governor, Commodore Eseck Hopj kins hath applied to us for the re-delivery of twenty pieces of cannon which he hath landed in this colony ; we have thought it absolutely necessary to detain them, until Youi* Honors should be made acquainted with the circumstances of the colony, not doubting but that upon mature consideration, it would be thought best for the com mon interest to permit them to remain here. We beg thejnost favorable construction of this measure, and assure Your Honors, that no persons living are more sensible of the necessity of establishing the authority of Congress, nor more ready to pay obedience to it. Your Honors have doubtless frequently with pain reflected upon the unhappy state of the town of Newport, which was entirely defenceless ; surrounded by a pow erful naval armament, and daily threatened with, and in danger of, immediate de struction ; for it was incontestibly in the power of the British fleet to destroy it at pleasure. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 551 In this situation, it is not at all strange that near a third part of the inhabitants removed ; and that a majority of the remainder were induced to temporize, and even to assume an appearance rather unfriendly to the LTnitod Colonies. To this situation, alone, is the former conduct of Newport to be attributed, and not to the want of spirit, or love of their country. In this state of affairs, the British fleet quitted the harbor, and Commodore Hop kins most providentially arrived with twenty-six cannon and some shot, which he offered to the town. The inhabitants, elated with having this means of defence, as sembled in a full town meeting, and unanimously voted to work upon .the necessary fortifications, and to defend the town ; and immediately entered upon it with vio-or. This decisive resolution gave every friend to the United Colonies a new spring, as many of us looked upon Newport as worse than lost to the common cause. Three considerable works have been erected. These cannon have been with great expe dition mounted upon carriages, and placed upon the platforms ; and the town of Newport is now capable of being defended against all the frigates in the British navy. Fortifications are also making at Bristol Ferry, and on the east side of Rhode Island ; which, when completed, will effectually secure a communication with the continent, and enable us to defend that most valuable island. We are happy in the idea of having put a total stop to supplying the enemy, of destroying the very seeds of disaffection in the colony, and of being an united people. We looked upon saving the town of Newport ; the commanding the haibor in which, from its easiness of access, vessels from sea may find a quick protection under the can non of the forts ; and which will at all times afford a safe assylum to the Continental ships, and to privateers and their prizes, as well as to other vessels ; and which, by means of the works now erected, may pass in and out in spite of all the British fleet as objects of very great importance to the common cause. But our pleasing prospects are greatly interrupted by the order to deliver twenty ,of these cannon to Messrs. Hollingsworth and Richardson, to be transported to Phil adelphia. From the face of it, which is directed to the commodore, and in his ab sence, to Mr Tillinghast, it appeared clearly to us that Your Honors thought the cannon were barely landed here ; and had no idea of their being fitted with carri ages, and planted in forts erected purposely for their reception. We beg leave to refer you for a general state of the colony, to the memorial from the Assembly, which is now before Your Honors, and is in no degree exaggerated, by which you will be able to judge of the exposed situation of the colony, of its great exertions for the common, as well as our own defence, and of the utter impossibility of our defending ourselves ; to which, we would add, that there are now in the colony, exclusive of those brought by the commodore, but twenty-four pieces of heavy can non ; being twenty-four and eighteen-pounders. The Assembly had contracted with the owners of Furnace Hope, for sixty more ; but the commodore having brought twenty-six heavy cannon into the colony, the Assembly consented that the cannon for the Continental ships should be first made, as the owners of the furnace could not possibly supply both departments in season ; so that we have yet had but four eighteen-pounders from them ; nor can the others be made under a long time, unless a stop be put to those making for the ships. We are informed by the commodore, that he landed thirty-six heavy cannon at New London ; which, from its situation, can be defended with one-quarter of the number required for the defence of the bay, town and harbor of Newport. And when the difference of the towns of Newport and New London, in point of 552 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. the number of inhabitants and value ; in point of importance to the United Colonies and in the abilities of the two colonies, of which they are a part, to defend them, are considered, we think it will not admit a doubt from which place the twenty cannon wanted, are to be removed. We beg leave also to mention to Your Honors some of the probable consequences of depriving us of those cannon : All the disaffected, all the lukewarm, and all the timid, cry out that this colony hath been totally neglected by Congress, while every other colony that is exposed, is defended by )the Continental troops, which the most hearty in the common cause cannot deny ; this, with the dangerous situation of the town of Newport, the capital of the colony, containing upwards of thirteen hundred dwelling-houses, and between nine and ten thousand souls, hath produced a very great division, and was near overthrowing that administration which had so greatly exerted the force of the colony. The blow, however, was averted, and the most seasonable arrival of those cannon, with the decisive resolution of the town of Newport, hath given union, spirit and vigor to the colony. Take them from us, and we cannot answer for the event. The town of Newport and the island of Rhode Island are lost. A small part of that army now at Halifax, may, in their way to the westward, effect their destruction, without being detained three days. It will be impossible for the inhab itants to defend themselves ; they will not even attempt it. There is danger, that those people who are so desirous of reconciliation with Great Britain upon any terms, will gain the ascendancy, and of the colony's being lost to America. Leave us the cannon, we can save Newport, which hath been induced in consequence of their arrival, to take such steps as must bring upon them the British arms, and who will be most cruelly treated in being deprived of them. We can keep possession of Rhodeisland, which is of great consequence to the inhabitants and trade of Taunton and Swanzey JJivers; and we shall be a united people, ready with our hves and fortunes to support the measures of Congress. We submit this representation to Your Honors, which will be delivered to you by John Collins, Esq., the first assistant in this colony, to whom we beg leave to refer you, for further information ; not in the least doubting that upon full inquiry and deliberation, Your Honors will consent that the cannon remain here, until we can be otherwise supplied. Signed by order and in behalf of such members of the General Assembly, as could conveniently be convened, by — HENRY WARD, Secretary. Providence, May 20, 1776. Whereupon, this Assembly, taking the premises into con sideration, — It is voted and resolved, that the aforegoing memorial be, and the same is hereby, approved. It is voted and resolved, that the sheriff of the county of Newport immediately make an inventory of the whole stock in the tan-yard now in the possession of Mr. Edward Cole, of Newport ; and that the said sheriff, with Col. Christopher Lippitt and Mr. Robert Taylor, or the major part of them, be a 1776.} AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 553 committee, to employ suitable persons to work up the whole of the said stock, upon reasonable terms, for the benefit of the colony. It is further voted and resolved, that Messrs. Thomas Greene, Nathaniel Mumford and the aforesaid Robert Taylor, or the major part of them, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee to examine and state the accounts between the said Edward Cole and George Rome, respecting tbe said tan- yard, from the time they entered into partnership. That the said Edward Cole submit to the inspection of the said committtee, under oath, the original contract of partner ship, and all books of accounts and papers, whatever, relating to the said' tan-yard, and to all accounts of every nature, sub sisting between them ; and that the said committee report to this Assembly as soon as may be. Whereas, Messrs. Nathaniel Mumford, Thomas Greene and Gideon Mumford, were appointed a committee to inquire what salt is now in the colony, belonging to the government, and what the same cost, including all charges ; and they having presented unto this Assembly an account, by them stated, with their report thereon, as follows, to wit : Report of the Committee appointed by the General Assembly, relative to the Quantity of Salt in the Colony, $-c. June, 1776. Salt, imported and purchased by the colony of Rhode Island, Dr. £ *. d. To amount of cargo, outfits and inward charges, of brig Nancy, fitted by John Northup - - - - 810 13 06 To amount of cargo, outfits and loss, of sloqp Maryland, by Jacob Greene - - 445 14 10 To amount of cargo, outfits and inward charges, of schooner Abigail, by William Greene , 317 14 04 To amount of cargo and outfits of brig by Smith and Mathewson - - 216 16 05 To amount ofthe loss of said brig - 480 00 00 To amount of cargo, outfits and portage bill, of the schooner Eagle, by Joseph Stanton, supposed ... - 303 00 00 To amount of eighteen hundred and eighty bushels, purchased by John Smith, averaged as per Paul Tew's account, at 8s. - - 752 00 00 VOL. VII. 70 554 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. £ s. d. To amount of six hundred and seventeen bushels, bought by Sylvester Child, at 3s. 92 11 00 Measuring and shifting do, 18 00 To amount of Cory and Irish's charges in fitting out two vessels to fetch salt, stopped by tbe Assembly 172 13 00 £3,091 19 01 By salt imported in brig Nancy, 2,500 bushels. " " " schooner Abigail, 1,880 " " " ¦• '• Eagle 1,500 " Bought by John Smith, 1,880 " " Sylvester Child, 617 8,377 Allowed for wastage, wharfage and storage, at 7 1-2 per cent., 628 '¦ deducted. Remain, 7,749, at Is. 113-4 - 3,091 19 01 At Westerly, purchased by Col. Noyes, 130 7.879 bushels. Newport, June 13, 1776. Having carefully examined the accounts of the cargoes, outfits and inward charges, of the aforementioned vessels, and the losses thereon sustained, and averaged them with the salt imported and purchased, we find that it cost the colony seven shillings and eleven pence three farthings per bushel. NATHANIEL MUMFORD, THOMAS GREENE. And the premises being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the aforesaid report be, and hereby is, accepted. It is voted and resolved, that the thanks of this Assembly be given to His Excellency George Washington, Esq., commander in chief of the forces of the United Cclonies, for his favorable representation of the state of this colony, to the Most Honora ble the Continental Congress, and interposition, in procuring the colony's brigade to be taken into Continental pay ; and that His Honor the Governor be requested to transmit to His Excellency a copy of this vote. It is voted and resolved, that Jonathan Arnold, Henry Mar chant and Henry Ward, Esqs., be, and they are hereby, ap pointed a committee to prepare a bill for establishing suitable 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 555 offices at Newport and Providence, for entering and clearing vessels, and fixing the fees of the officers. Whereas, the inhabitants of the town of Newport, in town meeting, legally assembled, on the 29th day of April last, unanimously voted that they would defend the said town, and ordered that the inhabitants should work upon the fortifications, upon the penalty of paying three shillings per day, for each and every day's neglect ; and at a meeting held on the 25th day of May last, ordered, that the fines of the delinquents should be collected by William Davis ; and that in case of re fusal, he should destrain. And whereas, some doubts have arisen respecting the au thority of the said town meetings to pass the said votes, — It is therefore resolved and declared, and it is hereby de clared by this Assembly, that by the acts of incorporation of the several towns in this colony, they are, and ever were, suffi ciently authorized and empowered to make and ordain acts, laws, orders and regulations, binding upon their respective in habitants, in all cases whatever, for their advantage, safety and defence ; and to impose such fines and penalties for the breaches thereof, as they shall deem meet ; and to appoint a person or persons to collect such fines and penalties, with power to destrain, in case of refusal or neglect to pay the same. Provided, such acts, laws, orders and regulations, are not repugnant to the acts, laws, orders and regulations of this General Assembly. Whereas, Mr. Samuel Johnson exhibited unto this Assembly an account, by him charged against the colony, for four pieces of cannon, for the use of the colony ; and the said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed; and that £50 10s., being the amount of said ac count, be paid unto the said Samuel Johnson, out of the gen eral treasury. Whereas, Mr. Jeremiah Clarke exhibited unto this Assembly an account, by him charged for six pieces of cannon, delivered 556 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. to Brigadier General West, for the use of the colony ; which said account being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that £90, lawful money, being the amount thereof, be paid unto the said Jeremiah Clarke, out of the gen eral treasury. It is voted and resolved, that the persons appointed by this Assembly to take possession of estates belonging to persons dis affected to the United Colonies, in behalf of, and for the use of, the government, be, and they are hereby, directed immedi ately to render an account, in writing, of their proceedings therein, to this Assembly. Whereas, William Potter and John Northup, Esqs., who were appointed at the last session, a committee, to let out, in behalf of the colony, all the real estates in the county of Kings county, lately belonging to persons disaffected to the United Colonies, and heretofore ordered by this Assembly to be taken into possession by the sheriff of said county, &c, did, upon a copy of their appointment, make report ; to which they subjoined an account, by them charged against the colony, as follows, to wit : Report of the Committee to the General Assembly. We, the subscribers, with Peter Philips, Esq., in obedience to the within orderi have leased all the estates taken into possession by the sheriff of the county of Kings county, as within mentioned, to wit : The estate lately belonging to the heirs of John Borland, consisting of two tracts of land ; one of which, we have let to Rowland Robinson, Esq., and the other to Mr. Christopher Robinson. The estate lately belonging to Dr. Thomas Moffatt, we have let to Mr. Charles Dyer. The estate lately belonging to George Rome, we have let to Mr. Stephen Boyer ; and the estate lately belonging to Samuel Sewal, consisting of two tracts; one of which, we have leased to Mr. Silas Niles, and the other, to Mr. David Austin ; and have taken writen leases thereof, which we herewith present to Your Honors. We have also disposed of, at public vendue, four horses, lately belonging to the said George Rome, for the sum of £49 16s. ; which we are ready to account for. WILLIAM POTTER, JOHN NORTHUP. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 557 Both which, being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the said report be accepted ; that the said account of the committee be allowed, and paid out of the general treasury, in the aforesaid proportions ; and that the committee pay the said sum of £49 16s., into the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. Nathaniel Mumford, Thomas Greene and Gideon Mumford, be, and they, or the major part of them, are hereby appointed a committee, to pre pare a statement of the demands of this colony upon the Con tinental treasury ; and that they lay the same before this As sembly at the next session, in order that it may be transmitted with the vouchers, to the treasury office. It is voted and resolved, that all the arrearages of rents due from the tenants in possession of the lands lately belonging to persons disaffected to the American cause, and taken into pos- sion of this colony, be paid into the general treasury. That Col. John Cooke, for the county of Newport ; Paul Tew, Esq., for the county of Providence ; William Potter, Esq., for the county of Kings county ; and Mr. Cromel Child, for the county of Bristol, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to inquire into and settle said arrearages. That the secretary deliver to the general treasurer all the leases and papers relating to said estates that are in his possession. And that in case the said arrearages be not paid within two months after the rising of this Assembly, the general treasurer be, and he is hereby, directed to sue for the same. It is voted and resolved, that the sheriff of the county of Newport, be, and he is hereby, directed to take possession, in behalf of the colony, of a dwelling house and lot, situate in Newport, in the said county, belonging to James Frost, who hath eng-aged in the service of the enemies to the United Colonies ; but that the wife of the said James Frost may reside on the premises, or receive the rents and profits thereof, until further orders from this Assembly. 558 RECORDS OF TRE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Whereas, the committee, appointed to examine and state the accounts between George Rome and Edward Cole, have in formed this Assembly, that the said Edward Cole refuseth to submit, under oath, the accounts, papers, &c, to the inspec tion of the said committee, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the said Edward Cole be immediately taken into custody by the sheriff of the county of Newport, and safely kept until he shall submit the said ac counts, &c, to the inspection ofthe said committee, agreeably to the act of this Assembly made in that behalf. In Council, was read the return of the officers chosen for the independent company, called the Kentish Guards, who are as follows : Richard Fry, captain ; Hopkins Cooke, first lieutanant ; Thomas Holden, second lieutenant ; Sylvester Greene, ensign. And the same being duly considered, — It is voted, that the said choice be, and hereby is, ap proved. It is voted and resolved, that William Potter, Esq., be, and he is hereby, directed to procure the court house in South Kingstown to be glazed, painted and finished, as soon as pos sible ; and that he be empowered to draw £300, lawful money out of the generat treasury, for that purpose. It is voted and resolved, that all the soldiers who were sta tioned at Bloek Island, be paid the wages still due to them, by John Northup and Joseph Stanton, Jr., Esqs., two of the com mittee of safety, as soon as conveniently may be ; and that they make report to this Assembly, at the next session. In Council was read the return of the officers chosen for the company called the North Providence Rangers, who are as follows : John Angell, son of Stephen, captain ; Thomas Olney, Jr., lieutenant ; Joseph Hawkins, Jr., ensign. And the same being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the said choice be, and hereby is, approved. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 559 An Act permitting inoculation for the small pox, in this colony. Whereas, the small pox hath made the most dreadful rav ages in the army lately before Quebec, which was a principal cause of raising the blockade of that city ; and there is great danger that the inhabitants of the United Colonies may, by the prevalence of that dreadful distemper, be rendered incapable of defence at a time when their safety may depend upon their most vigorous exertions. And whereas, that distemper, taken by inoculation, is so easy and light, and the method of treatment so beneficial, that any number of persons inoculated, are more likely to live, than tbe same number of persons not inoculated ; and, as by intro ducing the practice of inoculation, with prudence and caution, the greater part of the male inhabitants of the colonies, may soon get over that terrible disease, and the fatal consequences to be apprehended from our armies being infected there with, be averted, — Be it therefore enacted by this General Assembly, and by the authority thereof, it is enacted, that one hospital may be established for inoculating for the small pox, in each county in this colony, in such town as the majority of the deputies in the county, in a meeting duly warned, shall agree upon. That the hospital in the town which shall be so agreed upon, shall be fixed in some suitable and retired place, in such town, under the direction of the town council, or of such committee as the town shall appoint. Provided, that when such hospital shall be improved for that purpose, the town shall mark off the ground round said hos pital, at a distance not less than two hundred yards every way therefrom, and set and maintain a sufficient guard, to prevent all persons in the hospital from going beyond those limits, and all persons without, from passing within one hundred yards of them, without the permission of the directors of the hospital, upon the penalty of forfeiting and paying, as a fine, into the general treasury, £100, lawful money, to be recovered of the 560 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. town treasurer of such town, by the general treasurer, at any inferior court of common pleas in the colony. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that every person passing the said limits, without permission, as aforesaid, shall forfeit and pay as a fine, £15, lawful money, to, and for the use of, such town, to be recovered by the town treasurer, at a special court, to be called and holden in the sa,me manner as special courts are called and held in other cases ; and shall also suffer three months imprisonment, with out bail or mainprize. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that it shall be the duty of the said guard, and they are hereby em powered, to apprehend and immediately commit to jail every person who shall transgress with respect to the said limits, there to remain until he shall be acquitted, or the sentence passed upon him be executed ; unless such transgressor shall be under inoculation, in which case he shall be carefully kept within the said limits until he shall be recovered and cleansed, and then be committed to jail, as aforesaid. And it is further enacted, that if any person, being so inocu lated, shall, after his recovery from the small pox, go beyond the said limits, without a certificate of his being thoroughly cleansed therefrom, together with the wearing apparel he shall carry out with him, he shall, in default thereof, be liable to the penalty of <£30, lawful money, to be recovered in manner as above directed. And if any person having such certificate, shall by himself, or by means of the apparel he may carry out with him, com municate the small pox to any person without the hospital, the doctor or physician, of such hospital, shall be liable to the pen alty of £30, lawful money, to be recovered in manner as above directed. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no person shall carry out from the hospital, where he may be inoculated, any bedding or other articles, linen sheets, and his wearing apparel, as aforesaid, excepted ; and that every article 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 561 which he shall carry out, shall be particularly enumerated in the certificate from the doctor or physician of such hospital, under the penalty of £30, lawful money, to be recovered of such inoculated person so offending, in manner as above directed. And be it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid, that any town in which an hospital shall be established, as afore said, be, and hereby is, empowered to make such further regu lations, to prevent communicating the infection from the hos pital in such town, and to lay such fines and penalties upon the offenders, as they shall think proper. And that all acts made by such town, in tbat behalf, shall be of the same force and validity as if enacted by this General Assembly. Protest against the above Bill. The subscribers protest against this bill's passing into an act, for the following rea. sons, to wifc : 1. For that although we urged, that in a case of such vast importance as intimately affects the lives, safety and well-being of the community, the consent and approba tion of our respective constituents ought to have been first had and obtained, yet this motion hath been rejected. 2. For that an act of this kind hath not been suffered to continue but for a short time in any ofthe New England colonies ; and that where it hath beon permitted or winked at, it is now entirely discontinued, and discountenanced. 3d. For that there is in this act no provision made for the poor, who are by far the much more numerous part of the community. JOHN G. WANTON, BENJAMIN UNDERWOOD, JOSHUA BABCOCK, THOMAS WELLS, JOHN NORTHUP, SYLVESTER GARDNER, JOSHUA BARKER, EDWARD SANDS, JR, THOMAS FREEBODY", JOHN THURSTON. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. John Waterman be, and and he is hereby, appointed and empowered to agree with some suitable person, upon the- best terms he can, to work in the powder mill belonging to the colony. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor, William Potter, George Sears, Jonathan Arnold, William Greene and Henry Ward, Esqs., be, and they are hereby, ap- yol. vii. 71 562 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. pointed a committee, to inquire into the circumstances of the uneasiness subsisting among a number of the officers of the colony's brigade, stationed upon Rhode Island, respecting Maj. Barton ; and that they make report to this Assembly, as soon as may be. In pursuance of the recommendation of the Most Honorable the Continental Congress, — Resolved, that an account be immediately taken of the num ber of inhabitants in each town in this colony ; that the persons whose names are set down in the subsequent list, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, for that purpose, to wit : Newport — Messrs. George Sears, William Coddington and Gideon Wanton. Providence — Messrs. Martin Seamans and Theodore Foster. Portsmouth — Mr. John Coddington, Warwick — Mr. Charles Holden. Westerly —Messrs, Ichabod Babcock and Joseph Crandall. New Shoreham — Mr. Edward Sands, Jr. North Kingstown — Mr. Joseph Coggeshall. South Kingstown — Mr. Daniel Rodman. East Greenwich — Mr. Thomas Sheffield. Jamestown — Mr. Benjamin Underwood. Smithfield — Mr. Daniel Mowry, Jr. Scituate — Mr. Christopher Potter, or Mr. William West. Glocester — Mr. Zebedee Hopkins, Jr. Charlestown — Mr. Jonathan Hazard. West Greenwich — Mr. Judiah Aylsworth. Coventry — Mr. Ephraim Westcot. Exeter — Mr. George Pierce. Middletown — Mr. John Barker. Bristol — Mr. Shearjashub Bourn. Tiverton — Messrs. John Cooke and Walter Cooke. Little Compton — Mr. Thomas BroWnell. Warren — Mr. William Miller. Cumberland — Mr. John Dexter. Richmond — Mr. Richard Bailey. Cranston — Mr. Zuriel Waterman. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 563 Hopkinton — Mr. Thomas Wells. Johnston — Mr. John Fenner. North Providence — Mr. Jonathan Jenckes, Jr. Barrington — Mr. Thomas Allen. That they take the account in the same manner as the in habitants of this colony were last numbered. That they be under engagement for the faithful discharge of the trust reposed in them ; and that they make report to this Assembly, at the next session. This Assembly, deploring the unhappy situation of the in habitants of New Shoreham, and willing to give them every relief in their power ; and being also necessitated to provide for the general safety, — Do resolve, in addition to, and amendment of, the act passed at the last session, respecting the said island, that the committee appointed in the said act may permit such of the inhabitants of the said island as they can confide in, to go to Pawcatuck River, to procure at the mills there, such a quantity of meal as shall be necessary for the inhabitants of the said island ; they taking the same and other necessaries on board, under the direction and with the written permission of George Sheffield and Phineas Clarke, or either of them, who are hereby directed to transmit to the said committee an ac count of all the articles so taken on board for the said island. That the said committee be empowered to permit such in habitants of the said island as they can confide in, to proceed to any part of the colony, to transact the necessary business of the island; and that no other person belonging to the said island, besides the deputies, shall go to any other part of the colony, excepting to Goat Island, in the township of Newport, upon the penalty of being committed to jail, as in the aforesaid act is directed. James Honeyman, Esq., advocate-general of the court of vice admiralty, in this colony, under the crown of Great Britain, having appeared before and informed this Assembly, that if his holding the said office be disagreeable to the colony, he will deliver up his commission, — 564 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that his holding the same, is disa greeable to the colony ; and that the sheriff of the county of Newport call upon the said James Honeyman, to receive the said commission ; and that he deliver it to His Honor the Gov ernor, to be lodged in the secretary's office. It is voted and resolved, that all the salt belonging to the colony, be divided among the several towns, in proportion to the number of polls in each town, which is to be ascertained by the account of the number of inhabitants in the colony, at this session ordered to be taken ; that the same be delivered by Messrs. John Smith, William Greene, John Northup, Joseph Stanton, Jr. and Sylvester Child ; that each town be at the cost of transporting its proportion ; and that it be disposed of at the discretion of each town, at the rate af six shillings per bushel, for cash only, by such persons as the town shall appoint. And it is further voted and resolved, that each town may im mediately receive the following quantity, in part of its said proportion, to wit ; Bushels. Bushels. Newport 200 Coventry - - 80 Providence - 100 Exeter 50 Portsmouth - 50 Middletown - 40 Warwick - - 100 Bristol - 50 Westerly 100 Tiverton - - 60 New Shoreham - - 30 Little Compton 50 North Kingstown - 100 Warren - - 50 South Kingstown - 150 Cumberland - 60 East Greenwich 100 Richmond - 50 Jamestown - 30 Cranston 100 Smithfield - 150 Hopkinton - 80 Scituate - - 150 Johnston 50 Glocester - . • 120 North Providence - 20 Charlestown - 60 Barrington - 25 West Greenwich - 80 Whereas, Mr. John Carter exhibited unto this Assembly, an 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 565 account by him charged against the colony, for printing lawful money bills, divers acts of Assembly, commissions, proclama tions, &c, — It is voted and resolved, upon due examination of the said account, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that <£30 4s. 9d., lawful money, being the amount thereof, be paid the said John Carter, out of the general treasury. Whereas, Capt. Ethan Clarke, adminstrator to the estate of the Hon. Samuel Ward, Esq., deceased, late a delegate from this colony, in the General Congress, exhibited unto this Assembly, an account by him charged against the colony, for the services ofthe said Samuel Ward, in the said capacity, from the 26th day of August last, to the 26th day of March last, being the day of his death, for the wages of his servant and horse-hire ; for his expenses in going to Philadelphia, and during his abode there ; and for the charges of his last sickness and funeral, amounting to £392 7d., lawful money ; and deducted there from the sum of £120, received by the the said Samuel Ward, from the colony, — It is voted and resolved, upon due examination of the said account, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that £272 7c?., lawful money, being the balance thereof, be paid to the said Ethan Clarke, as administrator to the said estate, out ofthe general treasury. Whereas, it appears to this Assembly, by a report of the committee, appointed to estimate the damages done to the es tate of Mr. John Banister, by the colony troops stationed in his house, that they have made considerable waste and destruc tion ; and this Assembly being desirous of making a reason able allowance therefor, but not being satisfied with the said report, — Do vote and resolve, and it is voted and resolved, that the sum of £80, lawful money be paid to the said John Bannister, out of the general treasury, towards the damages he hath sus tained, as aforesaid. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Henry Peckham, for the county of Newport ; Mr. Thomas Greene, for the county of 566 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1776. Providence ; Mr. Pardon Tillinghast, for the county of Kings county ; Mr. Benjamin Bosworth, for the county ef Bristol ; and Mr. Thomas Tillinghast. for the county of Kent, or the toajor part of them, be, and they are hereby, appointed a com mittee, to inquire into the damages done within this colony, by the troops in the service of the colony, before the act yjas made directing who should be answerable for such damages ; and that they make report to this Assembly, at the next session. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. Nathaniel Mumford, Thomas Greene and Gideon Mumford, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to audit the accounts of the committee of safety, and of the commissary of the colony's brigade ; and that they make report to this Assembly, at the next session. An estimate of the damages done to a house in Newport, be longing to John Northup, Esq., by the soldiers of the colony's brigade, having been laid before, and duly considered by, this Assembly, — It is voted and resolved, that £5 7s. Ad., lawful money, being the sum they were estimated at, be allowed therefor, and paid the said John Northup, out of the general treasury. An Act empowering the members of the upper and lower houses of Assembly, to tender to such of the inhabitants as are hereinafter mentioned, a declaration, or test, for sub scription. Whereas, the great danger to which this colony is exposed, makes it necessary to use every measure for de tecting those persons among us, who are inimical to the United Colonies, and preventing their doing injury to the common cause, — Be it therefore enacted by this General Assembly, and by the authority thereof, it is enacted, that all the male inhabit ants of this colony, of sixteen years of age and upwards, who shall be suspected of being inimical to the United American Colonies, and the arduous struggle in which they are engaged, 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 567 against the force of Great Britain, shall make and subscribe the following declaration, or test, to wit : Declaration or Test, to be made by suspected persons in the Colony, relative to the War with Great Britain " I, the subscriber, do solemnly and sincerely declare, that I believe the war, resistance and opposition, in which the United American Colonies are now engaged, against the fleets and ar mies of Great Britain, is on the part of the said colonies just and necessary ; and that I will not, directly nor indirectly, afford assistance of any sort or kind, whatever, to the said fleets and armies, during the continuance of the present war ; but that I will heartily assist in the defence of the United Colonies." And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that in case any such suspected person shall refuse to subscribe the same, it shall be in the power of either of the members of the upper or lower house of Assembly, in this colony, and they are hereby directed to issue a summons, and" call the person so re fusing, before him, and make inquiry into the reasons of his refusal ; and if he shall continue such refusal, without giving satisfactory reasons for the same to the member summoning him, or shall refuse to appear upon being summoned, such member shall issue his warrant, directed to the sheriff of the county where the person so refusing shall dwell, or his deputy, commanding him, with sufficient aid, to make strict and dili gent search for all arms, ammunition and warlike stores, be longing to such persons so refusing, and to take and deliver the same to the captain of the company of militia in whose district the delinquent shall live, to be made use of in time of an alarm, taking a receipt of the captain, therefor ; which arms, ammunition and warlike stores, shall be appraised by two indifferent persons, to be appointed by such member so issuing the summons, and be paid for out of the general treasury. And that such member, so summoning any suspected persoij, 568 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. shall make return of all his proceedings, in pursuance of this act, to the General Assembly, at the next succeeding session, after his issuing any summons. Provided, nevertheless, and it is further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that in case any person so summoned, shall produce a certificate from the clerk of any Meeting of the Friends, that he is in unity with that society, or shall take the affirmation directed in an act entitled, "An act for the relief of persons of tender consciences, and for preventing their being burthened with military duty," he shall be excused from sub scribing to the said declaration, or test. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that a copy of this act be inserted in the next Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. John Smith be, and he is hereby, directed to deliver to Mr. Ephraim Westcot, four guns, bayonets and cartouch boxes, for the same articles which are due from the colony to Messrs. Job Greene, Nathan Franklin, Uriah Franklin and Peleg Colvin, taking the said Westcot's receipt therefor. It is voted and resolved, that the thanks of this General As sembly be, aud they are hereby, presented to John Collins, Esq., for his services at the Continental Congress ; and that his expenses to, at and from Philadelphia, be allowed and paid, out of the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety for the county of Newport, purchase two hundred spears, for the bat teries, in the township of Newport. It is voted and resolved, that the general treasurer be, and he is hereby, directed to prosecute Mr. Silas Casey, for a breach of contract, in not delivering a quantity of salt pur chased of him by the colony. Whereas, the militia of the town of Exeter, is so numerous, as to bo sufficient for three companies, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the same be divided into three companies. That all the persons living to the eastward of Second River, 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 569 so called, where it comes out of West Greenwich, running through the land of John Josselyn, until it comes to John Chapman's grist mill ; and from thence, southerly, as it runs, until it comes to South Kingstown, shall compose the first company. That the persons living to the westward ofthe said line, and to the eastward of a line beginning at the highway that comes from News Neck, so called, and running from thence, south erly, as the said highway runs, across Black Plain, to the Ten Rod Highway ; and from thence, southerly, as the said high way runs, until it comes to the town of Richmond, shall com pose the second company. And that the persons living to the westward of the said last mentioned line, shall compose the third company. Whereas, Messrs. Richard Beale, John Nicholl, Nicholas Lechmere, Thomas Vernon and Walter Chaloner, having been examined before this Assembly, and refused to subscribe the test, ordered by this Assembly to be tendered to suspected per sons ; and it appearing that while they continue in the princi ples by them avowed before this Assembly, they are justly to be deemed unfriendly to the United Colonies, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the sheriff of the county of Newport forthwith remove the said Richard Beale, John Nicholl, Nicholas Lechmere and Thomas Vernon, to the town of Glocester, in this colony, where they shall be permitted to go at large, within the limits of said town ; they giving their parole of honor to continue there until further orders from this Assembly. That if either of them shall forfeit his parole, he shall, upon being apprehended, be committed to jail, and kept closely con fined until further orders from this Assembly. And that in case either of them shall refuse to give his pa role, as aforesaid, he shall be confined to such house, in the. said town of Glocester, as the said sheriff shall think fit, with liberty of the farm whereon the house stands. And whereas, the said sheriff hath in his hands, several exe cutions against the said Walter Chaloner, which are soon re- vol. vn. 72 570 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. turnable, and upon which he is now in the custody of the said sheriff, — It is therefore further voted and resolved, that as soon as the said Walter Chaloner shall be discharged from the said execu tions, the said sheriff immediately remove him to the said town of Glocester, in manner as the said Richard Beale and others are ordered to be removed, and under the like conditions and restrictions. It is voted and resolved, that this colony do purchase of Col. Joseph Noyes all the salt that he hath to dispose of; and .hat he be allowed and paid therefor at the rate of four shillings per bushel. It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety be, and they are hereby, directed to purchase every necessary article for the soldiers, provisions excepted, and deliver the same to the commissary, who shall supply the soldiers with them, at the prime cost, including the charges ; and that a bale of clothes, now«in the possession of Mr. John Smith, be imme diately forwarded to the commissary, for the aforesaid purpose. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor be, and he is hereby, requested to inform the delegates from this colony in Congress, of the act permitting inoculation for the small pox in this colony, and desire them to move in Congress, as a matter of real importance to the safety of the army and • the United Colonies, that all common soldiers and seamen, in the Conti nental service, or who shall hereafter engage therein, be per mitted to be inoculated at the expense of the United Colonies, in such hospitals as may be allowed, under such restrictions and rules as are, or may be, enacted by the respective colonies. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. John G. Wanton, Samuel Fowler and John Bartlet, be, and they are hereby r ap pointed a committee, to procure upon the best terms they can, a suitable house, to be used as an hospital, for the colony troops stationed upon Rhode Island ; and that the sick be immedi ately removed from the present hospital, and the house be cleansed. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 571 It is voted and resolved, that Daniel Mowry, Jr., Esq., be, and he is hereby, appointed to proceed immediately to the county of Providence, and make diligent inquiry after the per sons concerned in counterfeiting the bills of credit emitted by this colony. That he take with him the counterfeit bill now before this Assembly ; and that Capt. Joseph Manchester attend this As sembly, to give information of what he knows respecting the said counterfeit bill. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. John Smith be, and he is hereby, appointed and empowered to dispose of, at public ven due, the claret, in his possession, belonging to the colony ; and that he give notice of the time of sale in the Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette. It is voted and resolved, that two tons of gun powder be de livered out of the colony's store to Major Robert Elliott, for the use of the brigade stationed upon Rhode Island* It is voted and resolved, that Col. Henry Babcock be, and he is hereby, allowed one month's pay, after the time he was dismissed from the command of the regiment in the service of this colony ; during which time he was confined by the pleu risy, with which he was seized, while in the service. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Nathan Miller, commissary of the colony's brigade, forthwith pay into the general treasury £1,000, lawful money, it being part of the sum by him taken out of the general treasury, to purchase necessaries for the said brigade, and now in his hands undisposed of. And it is further voted and resolved, that the commissary of the colony's brigade purchase wood therefor, as heretofore. An Act regulating trade within this colony, and establishing proper offices for entering and clearing vessels and mer chandize. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that any goods, wares and mer chandize, other than shaken or knocked down casks for mo lasses, may be exported from this colony, by the inhabitants 572 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OT RHODE ISLAND [1776. thereof, and of the other United Colonies, and by the people of all such countries as are not subject to the King of Great Brit ain, to any parts of the world which are not under the dominion of the said King. Provided, that no vessel be permitted to export any greater number of shaken or knocked down molasses casks than the same vessel is capable of carrying, when filled. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that any goods, wares and merchandize, except such as are of the growth aud manufacture of, or brought from any country under the dominion of the King of Great Britain, and except East India tea, may be imported from any other parts of the world into this colony, by the inhabitants thereof, and of the other United Colonies, and by the people of all such countries as are not subject to the said King. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that there shall be two persons annually appointed by this General Assembly, as intendants of trade, who shall be under oath for the faithful execution- of their offices ; one of whom, shall re side in and keep his office in Newport ; and the other, shall re side in and keep his office at Providence ; and shall eaeh of them, be empowered to appoint a deputy. That it shall be the duty and business of the said intendants to take a bond, payable to the Governor and Company of this colony, to, and for the use of, the colony, from the master of every vessel cleared out at their respective offices, with one suf ficient surety, in double the value of the cargo shipped on board such vessel, conditioned for the true observance of the regula tions made by the Most Honorable the Continental Congress, and this General Assembly, concerning trade, and for securing the observance of such parts of the association as are not incon sistent therewith ; and that the obligor shall, within eighteen months after the departure of the vessel, produce to such in tendant a certificate from the proper officers, at the port or place where the cargo shall be delivered (provided it be within the United Colonies, and proper officers are appointed), or otherwise, under the hands and seals of three or more re- 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 573 spectable merchants, residing there, that the same was there unladed. That the said intendants shall also take manifests upon oath of the cargoes exported and imported, and keep fair accounts and entries thereof, give bills of health when desired, grant registers, showing the property of the vessel cleared out (which registers shall be also given under the hand and seal of the Governor of this colony, for the time being), and sign certifi cates that the requisites for qualifying vessels for trade have been complied with. And that the said intendants shall make return to the Gen eral Assembly, at every session, of all imports and exports. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that if any vessel coming into this colony, shall break bulk, before report of her cargo, and whence she came, be made to one of the said intendants, the said vessel and her cargo, or such part thereof, as the General Assembly shall, upon considering their case, think fit, shall be forfeited ; one-half to the use of the colony ; and the other half, to the use of the informer and prosecutor ofthe same. And that if the master of any vessel shall be convicted of having taken a false oath before either of the said intendants, he shall suffer the pains and penalties of perjury. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that all prosecutions and trials, for any offences against the regula tions, aforesaid, shall be commenced and had before the inferior court of common pleas, in the county where such offence shall be committed ; and that no prosecution upon any of the bonds given, as aforesaid, shall be commenced after the expiration of three years from the date thereof. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the said intendants shall give constant and regular attendance in their respective offices every day in the year, Sundays ex cepted, from ten o'clock, in the forenoon, until one in the af ternoon ; and shall be allowed and receive the same fees for the same, and similar duty, as by a law of this colony were al- 574 RECORDS OF TnE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. lowed to the late collector of the customs in this colony, until a proper table of fees shall be established by this General Assembly. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that all goods, wares and merchandize, except such as are made prize of, which shall be imported directly or indirectly from Great Britain or Ireland, into this colony, contrary to the regulations established by the said Congress, shall be for feited ; one-half to and for the use of the colony, and the other half to the use of the informer and prosecutor for tho same ; and shall be liable to trial and condemnation in the court erected in this colony for the trial of prizes. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that a copy of this act be inserted in the Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor, His Honor the Deputy Governor and the assistants of this colony, five of whom to be a quorum, together with such- members of the lower house of Assembly, as may attend, and the secretary, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee to act and transact such business as the exigency of public affaire shall make (during the recess of the General Assembly) necessary ; and that all their acts and doings be laid before this Assembly, at the next session. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Deputy Gov ernor, Mr. Thomas Freebody, Mr. John Brown, William Pot ter, Esq. and Charles Holden, Esq., be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to inquire into the number of cannon in this colony, belonging thereto, and to determine where it will be most advantageous to place them, and to give orders for placing them, accordingly ; and that they make report to this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that the following officers be, and they are hereby, appointed to command the trained bands, or companies of militia in the town of Newport, to wit : 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 575 Officers io command the several Militia Companies of the Town, of Newport. William Tripp, captain ; Caleb Carr, Jr., lieutenant ; and Jonathan Simmons, ensign, ofthe first company. Henry Wiles, captain ; Robert Dunbar, lieutenant ; and William Pendleton, ensign, ofthe second company. Wing Spooner, captain ; Stukely Wyatt, lieutenant ; and. Lee Langley, ensign, of the third company. William Downing, captain ; John Nichols, lieutenant ; and Benjamin Hammett, ensign, of the fourth company. It is voted and resolved, that the several members of the committee of safety be, and they are hereby, appointed and directed to inquire into and examine the certificates of guns. taken from the inhabitants of this colony, while in the Conti nental service ; and that they make report to this Assembly, at, the next session. It is voted and resolved, that the following persons be, and they are hereby, appointed to command the trained bands or companies of militia, in the town of Exeter, to wit : Officers to command the several Militia Companies of the Town of Exeter. Jonathan Bates, captain ; Stephen Wightman, lieutenant ; and Henry Reynolds, ensign, of the first company. John Hoxsie, captain ; George Sweet, Jr., lieutenant ; and Eber Sherman, ensign, of the second company. Daniel Barber, Jr., captain ; Phineas Kinyon, lieutenant; and George Wilcox, ensign, ofthe third company. Voted and resolved, that the following bills be paid : Bills to be Paid. £ s. d. To the committee for signing £20,000, in lawful money bills 50 00 0 " " " £20,000, " •' - 100 00 0 Allowance to Watch Company, Newport, 2s. a day each, Dr. Peter Tur ner for attendance on a sailor belonging to the galley Washington 16 00 9 Hopkins Cooke, for a whale boat used in tbe colony's servicce - - 6 00 0 Rachel Cranston, for boarding one Hamilton, a prisoner, who was sick at her house * - * 8 15 4 576 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. WiJliam Turner Miller, for rum - Philip Wilkinson, for four four-pound cannon - Edward Sands, for three double-fortified three-pounders Dr. Thomas Truman, for attendance on two prisoners wounded on Pru dence Island Edward Simmons, for iron-work on three gun carriages Wilkins Treby, for duck for the galley Washington Nicholas Easton, for cart wheels, taken for the use of the troops John Pitman, for iron-work on gun carriages Samuel Davenport, for " " " Cromel Child, for materials and labor for the galley Washington - Benjamin Bosworth, for getting hay oif Prudence Island William Gorton, Jr., for victualling the Kentish Guards George B. Allen, for boarding soldiers, and for their passages to Prudence, Bristol, &c. - John Wraterman, for eight reams of paper, for printing lawful money bills, Amos Lockwood, for sundries for troops at Warwick Neck Edward Simmons, expense of carriage of a cannon to Tower Hill Ezekiel Burr, expenses ,of express to General Washington, and for bring ing prisoners from Boston Welcome Arnold, for carrying express to Governor Trumbull James Wallace, for carrying express to General Washington Sylvester Gardner, for his time, horse-hire and expenses, in removing stock, corn and hay, from Jamestown Ruth Peckham, for boarding a wounded prisoner at Providence Col. Joseph Belcher, for articles furnished the row-galley Spitfire Abraham Anthony, for victualling the Pawtuxet Rangers, while upon alarm at Warwick Neck John Newton, for a boat and oars, taken by General Hopkins, for the use ofthe colony George B. Allen, for freighting hay and grain from Prudence Island Capt. Benjamin Pierce, for attendance at the trial of Col. Henry Babcock Charles Tillinghast, for services in removing hay and stock from Prudence Island Anthony Low for billeting part of Capt. Thomas Rice's company Abraham Lockwood, for provisions furnished the militia when upon duty at the alarms on Warwick Neck Daniel Austin, for rent of a house removed near Newport, to make room for the North Battery Daniel Chace, for a feather bed for the use of a wounded prisoner, damaged Wilham Barton and others, expense of bringing ten prisoners from Boston to Providence Benjamin Shearman, for the use of his boat seven months, by General Hopkins Solomon Southwick, for paper for printing the rules and regulations of the army - John Coddington, for a cedar boat for the service ofthe colony John Goddard, for transporting by water various detachments of the colo ny's brigade, at divers times £ s. d. 10 0 72 16 0 27 00 0 3 07 0 37 06 0 15 0 6 12 0 23 01 9 36 08 5 18 02 6 25 07 3 1 11 6 31 02 4 8 00 0 9 07 0 5 16 4 14 11 7 2 14 0 2 08 0 95 05 1 3 05 6 7 01 8 2 19 9 6 10 0 7 02 0 2 02 6 24 16 1 08 4 07 8 6 00 0 1 05 0 .3 08 0 2 16 0 6 06 2 6 00 0 4 13 8 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 577 £ s- d. James Smith, for timber for platforms in the fort, at Bristol Ferry - - 2 04 4 Cromel Child, for making twenty-one carriages for cannon, etc. 217 02 0 James Arnold, Jr., for materials for, and laying, a platform in the battery upon Long Neck, in Cranston, and for field-carriages for cannon 75 16 2 Caleb Carr, for provisions supplied Capt. Throop's company - 4 05 6 Joshua Ingraham, for rent of house and stores in Bristol, improved by the colony's troops - - 5 00 0 Thomas Sabin, for board and entertainment of the Indian chiefs that were before the Assembly in January last * - 18 14 0 For damages done by troops to the estate of John Banister - 2 14 0 William Dillingham, for a large cedar boat taken by Gen. Hopkins, 8 00 0 Nathaniel Mumford, for his services in settling the accounts of the com mittee of war, and ofthe commissary - 15 15 4 Gideon Mumford, services for the same duty - 10 04 0 Jonathan Hazard, for expenses to Block Island, to apprehend disaffected persons - 3 07 6 Dr. William Hunter, for attendance on Daniel Tillinghast, a wounded man, 7 09 6 Dr. Jonathan Easton, " " » " " 6 19 6 Anthony Holden, for board of prisoners of war - 6 15 0 God save the United Colonies. Stephen Hopkins and William Ellery, Delegates of the Colony of Rhode Island in the Continental Congress, to the Governor of Rhode Island. Philadelphia, June 8th, 1776. Sir : — That correspondence between the colony and its delegates, which, by the death of Mr. Ward, and the great inconvenience which attends Mr. Hopkins in writing, hath for some time past been interrupted, we wish might be resumed. Mr. Hopkins gave the earliest notice, by express, that our brigade was put under the Continental establishment ; and John Collins, Esq., informed the Assembly of the determination of Congress respecting the cannon which were landed at Newport by the commander in chief of the Continental navy. Since that, the Congress have ordered six thousand of the militia, to reinforce the army in Canada, and keep up a communication with that province. Massachusetts is requested to furnish of their militia, for that purpose, four battalions 3>000 Connecticut, two battalions 1,500 New Hampshire, one battalion - - 75° New York, one battalion 75(* # To reinforce the army at New York, there are ordered ofthe militia - 13,800 Massachusetts is requested to furnish thereof - 2,000 Connecticut " - " 5>500 New York " " - 3>000 New Jersey " " " - 3>30Q vol. vii. 73 578 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. A flying camp is ordered to be formed, to consist of ten thousand militia, and to be furnished as follows : Pennsylvania 6,000 Maryland - 3,400 Delaware government ... 600 The Congress have also empowered Gen. Washington to employ in Canada, Indians - 2,000 John Hopkins and Samuel Tompkins are appointed to the command of the two ships built in Providence ; but which of the ships they are respectively to command, is not yet determined ; when it is, we shall give you notice, thereof, as well as of every thing of importance which passes the Congress. Please to desire the committee appointed to build the ships in Providence, to transmit to the marine committee of Congress, the names of the lieutenants and other officers they have appointed, in order that they may receive their commissions. By letters from Canada to Congress, it appears that our affairs there, are in a bad situation. Gen. Arnold in a letter ofthe 27th of May last, informs that five hun dred of our troops were taken prisoners, at a place above Montreal, called The Cedars, by fifty regulars, three hundred Canadians, and two hundred and fifty In dians. We lost only ten privates, and not one officer. Gen. Arnold writes that as soon as he had intelligence of his defeat, he collected a body of men, and determined to attack the enemy ; but he could not get his bateau ready early enough for his purpose ; and that he had agreed with the commander of the enemy's forces to an exchange of prisoners ; officer for officer, and man for man. Foster, who commanded the party of the enemy, when he became acquainted with Arnold's design to attack him, told him, with seeming concern, that if he did attack him, his Indians would immediately destroy every prisoner ; that it would be out of his power to prevent it, &c, &c. This did not check Gen. Arnold ; but it seems that his bateau not being able to get to him seasonably, put a stop to his de sign. WTe are at a loss how to account for this capture of our men, by a body but a little superior to them in numbers ; in our detachment were Major Sherburn and another major, and nine or ten captains. Two privateers fitted out from this place, have taken three valuable ships, bound to England, from Jamaica ; one of the privateers hath arrived at Egg Harbor, and sent to this city by Ir.nd 324,800 ; the other privateer, with the prizes, were bound for Bedford. We are, with great respect, Your Honor's most obedient, humble servants, STEP. HOPKINS, WILLIAM ELLERY. To Governor Cooke, Rhode Island. The Governor of Rhode Island, to General Washington. Providence, June 20th, 1776. Sir : — It is with great pleasure, that I do myself the honor to transmit to Your Excellency the enclosed vote of the General Assembly. Tbe putting the colony brigade upon the Continental establishment, for which we esteem ourselves so much indebted to Your Excellency, gave the highest satisfaction 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 579 Mr. Hopkins sent me the commissions, with power to fill up those for the captains and subalterns, as should be thought best here ; but added, that " as tjie field officers will be appointed, or at least approved, by Congress, I could wish that you would transmit to me the names of such gentlemen as you may think the most capable to fill those offices." The General Assembly have not nominated any persons to those offices. I most earnestly request Your Excellency's attention to the troops in this colony, and to the necessity of appointing an officer of ability and reputation, to command them, which is most ardently wished for by every body. I am, with great respect, Y'our Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To His Excellency General Washington. John Hancock, President of the Continental Congress, to the General Assembly of Rhode Island. Philadelphia^ June 20th, 1776. Gentlemen : — I do myself the honor of enclosing, in obedience to the commands of Congress, sundry resolutions, to which I beg leave to request your attention. I have only time to observe, in general, that it is totally impossible the American troops should ever be on a respectable footing ; or that they should render any very essential services to their country, unless the United Colonies, on their part, will take care to have them well appointed and qualified with every thing necessary for an army. In this view of the matter, the enclosed resolve, respecting the mode of providing proper clothing for our troops, is most certainly of the greatest importance ; and I make no doubt, will appear in tbe same light to you, and claim your immediate and Closest attention. 1 have the honor to be, gentlemen, Your most obedient and very humble servant, JOHN HANCOCK, President. To the Honorable General Assembly, of Rhode Island. Lord Howe to the Governor of Rhode Island. Eagle, off the coast of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, } June the 20th, 1776. \ Sir : — Being appointed commander in chief of the ships and vessels of His Maj esty's fleet, employed in North America, and having the honor to be, by His Majesty, constituted one of his commissioners for restoring peace to his colonies, and for granting pardons to such of his subjects therein, as shall be duly solicitous to benefit by that effect of his gracious indulgence ; I embrace this opportunity to inform you of my arrival on the American coast, where my first object will be an early meeting with General Howe, whom His Majesty hath been pleased to join with me in the said commission. In the mean time, I have judged it expedient to issue the enclosed declaration, in ord jr that all persons may have immediate information of His Majesty's most gra cious intentions. And I desire you will be pleased forthwith to cause the said 580 records of the colony of rhode island [1776. declaration to be promulgated, in such manner, and at su';h places within the colony of Rhode Islaqd, as will render the same of the most public notoriety. Assured of being favctred with your assistance in every measure, for the speedy and effectual restdratioa of the public tranquility, I am to request you will commu nicate, from time to time, such information as you may think will facilitate the at tainment of that important object in the colony over which you preside. I have the honor to be, with great respect and consideration, sir, Your most obedient, humble servant, HOWE: To the Honorable Governor "Wanton, &c, &c, Rhode Island ; } OV other magistrate of the colony. § Proclamation by Lord Howe. By Richard Viscount Howe, of the kingdom of Ireland, one of the King's commis sioners for restoring peace to His Majesty's colonies and plantations in North America, &c, &c. DECLARATION. Whereas, by an act passed in the last Session of Parliament, to prohibit all trade and intercourse with the colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Is land; Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, the three lower counties on the Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, and for other purposes, therein mentioned, it is enacted, that " it shall, and may be, lawful to, and for, any person or persons, appointed aud authorized by His Majesty! to grant a pardon or pardons to any number or description of persons, by proclama tion, in His Majesty's uame, to declare any colony or province, colonies or provinces, or any county, town, port, district, or place, in any colony or province, to be at the peace of His Majesty ; and that, from and after the issuing of any such proclama tion in any of the aforesaid colonies or provinces ; or( if His Majesty shall be gra ciously pleased to signify the same, by his royal proclamation ; then, from and after the issuing of such proclamation," the said " act, with respect to such colony or province; colonies oT provinces, county, town, port, district, or place, shall cease, determine and be utterly void." And whereas, the King, desirous to dehver all his subjects from the calamities of war, and other oppressions which they now undergo, and to restore the said colonies to his protection and peace as soon as the constitutional authority of government therein may be replaced, hath been graciously pleased, by letters patent, under the great seal, dated the 6th day of May, in the sixteenth year of His Majesty's reign, to nominate and appoint me, Richard Viscount Howe, of the kingdom of Ireland ; and William Howe, Esquire, general of the forces in North America, and each of us, jointly and severally, to be His Majesty's commissioner and commissioners, for granting his free and general pardons to all those who in the tumult and disorder of the times, may have deviated from their just allegiance, and who are willing, by a speedy return to their duty, to reap the benefits of the royal favor ; and also for de claring in His Majesty's name, any colony, province, county, town, port, district or place, to be at the peace of His Majesty. I do therefore, hereby declare, that due consideration shall be had to the meritori ous services of all persons who shall aid and assist in restoring the public tranquility 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE plantations. 581 in the said colonies, or in any part Or parts thereof; that all pardons shall be granted, dutiful representations received, and every suitable encouragement given for pro moting such measures as shall be conducive to the establishment of legal govern ment, and peace, in pursuance of His Majesty's most gracious purposes, aforesaid. Given on board His Majesty's ship the Eagle, off the coasts of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, the 20th day of June, 1776. HOWE. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Newport, on Thursday, the ISth day of July, 1776. The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Governor. The Hon. William Bradford, Deputy Governor. This Assembly, taking into the most serious consideration, the resolutions of the Most Honorable the Continental Congress of the United States of America, of the 4th instant, declaring the said states free' and independent states, do approve the said resolution ; and do most solemnly engage, that we will support the said General Congress, with our lives and fortunes. It is voted and resolved, that the resolution of the. General Congress, declaring the United Colonies free and independent states ; and the act of this Assembly, approving said resolu tion, be published by the secretary, to-morrow, in Newport, at twelve o'clock, in the presence of both houses of the General Assembly. That thirteen cannon be discharged at Fort Liberty, upon reading the said proclamation ; and that the brigade be drawn up on the Parade, in thirteen divisions, and immediately after the discharge of the cannon, make a discharge of musketry ; each division firing one volley, in succession. It is further voted and resolved, that the said resolution and act be published in Providence, on Thursday next, at twelve o'clock, in such manner as His Honor the Governor shall think fit, and that thirteen cannon be discharged on the occasion. It is further voted and resolved, that the said resolution and 582 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. act be read in the several town meetings, to be holden on the last Tuesday in August next ;• and that the secretary seasona bly furnish the necessary copies. It is voted and resolved, that the captains of the two row- gallies in the service of this state, forthwith proceed with said gallies to the city of New York ; and that on their arrival there, they receive the orders of His Excellency Gen. Wash ington, and govern themselves accordingly. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that for the future, the style and title of this government, in all acts and instruments, whether of a public or private nature, shall be the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations ; and that this act, and the act ap proving the declaration of the General Congress, declaring the United States of America free and independent states, be pub lished in the next Newport Mercury aud Providence Gazette. It is voted and resolved, that the sheriff of the county of Newport be, and he is hereby, ordered and directed forthwith to take into his custody Edward Thurston, of Newport ; and that Messrs. George Sears, Jonathan Arnold, Jonathan Has zard, William Greene and Cromel Child, be a committee, to proceed with the said sheriff to the dwelling house of the said Edward Thurston, and there to demand of him that he open to their view all desks, chests or other suspected places, under lock or otherwise ; and if he shall refuse to show and unlock the same, that the said committee be, and hereby is, directed to break open«the same, and carefully inspect and make search for any and all letters of correspondence upon the disputes between the independent states of America and Great Britain, or of a political nature ; and .such letters or papers as they shall think proper to bring with them for the inspection of this General Assembly. And that the said sheriff at the same time have the said Ed ward Thurston before this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that the sheriff for the county of Newport, together with Messrs. George Sears, Jonathan Ar nold, Jonathan Haszard, William Greene and Cromel Child, 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 583 proceed to the dwelling house of Mr. Daniel Coggeshall, then and there to demand of him, that he open to their view all desks, chests, or other suspected places, under lock or other-- wise ; and if he shall refuse to show and unlock the same, that the said committee be, and hereby is, directed to break open the same, and carefully inspect and search make for any and all letters of correspondence, upon the disputes between the independent states of America and Great Britain, or of a po litical nature, and such letters or papers, as they shall think proper to bring with them, for the inspection of this General Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. John Smith be requested to pay the captains of the gallies £140, lawful money, on ac count ofthe wages due to the officers and men, on board said gallies. Whereas, the Honorable William Bradford, Esq., Messrs. John Brown and Charles Holden, Jr., who with William Pot ter, Esq., were appointed a committee to ascertain the places for fixing the cannon belonging to the state, presented unto this Assembly the following report, to wit : Report of the Committee appointed by the General Assembly io determine in what places in the State certain Cannon shall be stationed. We, the subscribers, being appointed by the General Assembly to place the twenty-seven cannon, to be received from the owners of Furnace Hope, at such places as we should think would prove most advantageous to the state, do determine that the said guns be mounted as soon as possible, and placed as followeth, to wit: At Jamestown — Three twelve-pounders, on field carriages. South Kingstown — Four, viz. : two eighteen-pounders, and two nine-pounders ; aU on field carriages. Warwick Neck — Two eighteen-pounders. Field's Point — Three nine-pounders. On the opposite shore— Two nine-pounders. Warren— Two nine-pounders. Bris tol harbor— Two nine-pounders. Bristol Ferry— Five nine-pounders, viz. : one, on. the main ; and four, on the island. Howland's Ferry, on the main— Four nine- pouncters. Twenty-seven in all. Cannon now in the state, besides the above mentioned, viz. : Newport county — Five twenty-four pounders ; fourteen eighteen-pounders ; twelve twelve-pounders ; one nine-pounder ; nine six-pounders ; ten four-pounders ; four three-pounders. Total, fifty-five. 584 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Providence county — Five eighteen-pounders ; sixteen two, three and four-pound. ers, mounted on field carriages, for the several towns on the sea coast, and which lie now ready for them. Two three-pounders, and two four-pounders, old and not mounted. Total, twenty-five. Bristol county — One twenty-four pounder ; three eighteen-pounders ; eleven three and four-pounders. Total, fifteen. Kent county — One nine-pounder ; sixteen three, four and six-pounders. Total, seventeen. Newport county — Fifty-five. Providence county — Twenty-five. Bristol county — Fifteen. Kent county — Seventeen. New cannon, per this account, twenty- seven. Total, one hundred and thirty-nine cannon in all, exclusive of what may be in Kings county. William Potter, Esq., not being present, the above is agreed to by us, — WILLIAM BRADFORD, JOHN BROWN, CHARLES HOLDEN, JR. And the said report being duly considered by this As sembly, — It is voted and resolved, that the said report be, and the same is hereby, accepted. An Act making the paper money bills emitted by the General Congress of the United States of America, and of this state, a legal tender in discharge of all debts and securities. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority of the same, it is enacted, that the paper money bills already emitted, or that shall be emitted by the said General Congress of the United States, or by this state, be, and the same are hereby, declared to be a legal tender in all oontracts, debts, judgments, executions, mortgages, or securities, for dol lars, or money of any kind, whatever ; and that if any person or persons shall refuse said bills in payment, or in discharge of any contract, debt, judgment, execution, mortgage, duty, de mand, or securities, for dollars, or of a pecuniary nature, the same being tendered before any two or more credible persons, such person shall ever after be precluded from having or re covering upon such contract, debt, judgment, execution, mort gage, security, duty, or demand, if he shall not consent to re ceive the same in one month from the time of such tender so to 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 585 be made, as abovesaid, and give notice thereof to the person or persons who shall have tendered him the same. Provided, nevertheless, that tbe person or persons who shall make such tender, shall lodge the principal sum, exclusive of any interest, in the general treasury of this state, for the use thereof, within three months from the time such tender shall be made, together with the deposition of the persons in whose presence such tender -shall be made, respecting the time when, and how, such tender was made, taken before a judge of the inferior court and justice of the peace, within the county where the person lives, to whom such tender shall be made, he being duly notified to attend at the taking of such deposition. And the general treasurer is hereby ordered to give his re ceipt therefor, and his security in behalf of this state, to the person lodging such moneys, to indemnify and save him harm less from said contract, debt, judgment, execution or mortgage, so far as such principal sum and the interest thereof, from the time the same shall be lodged in said general treasury. And upon any suit, bill or action, brought upon any such contract, debt, judgment, execution or mortgage, or for re demption of any mortgaged estate, this act shall or may be given in evidence under the general issue, or being specially pleaded, shall be sufficient to bar any such suit, bill or action, or for the redemption of such estate, An Act to punish persons who shall acknowledge the King of Great Britain to be their sovereign. Whereas, the General Congress of the United States of America, by their resolution of the 4th instant, after enu merating many of the various acts by which George the Third, King of Great Britain, hath demonstrated his intention to es tablish an absolute tyranny over the said states, have declared, that, " A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people." And have further declared, that the said states " are, and of right ought to be free and independent states ; that they are vol. vn. 74 586 records of the colony of rhode island 1776. absolved from all allegiance to the British crown ; and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ;" which said resolution hath been approved, and solemnly published, by order, and in presence of this General Assembly ; — It is therefore voted and resolved, that if any person within this state, shall, under pretence of preaching or praying, or in any other way and manner, whatever, acknowledge or declare, the said King to be our rightful lord and sovereign ; or shall pray for the success of his arms, or that he may vanquish or overcome all his enemies, shall be deemed guilty of a high mis demeanor, and shall therefor be presented by the grand jury of the county where the offence shall be committed, to the supe rior court of the same county ; and upon conviction thereof, such offender shall forfeit and pay as a fine, to and for the use of this state, the sum of £100, lawful money, and pay all costs of prosecution, and shall stand committed to jail until the same be satisfied ; and that a copy of this act be inserted in the Newport and Providence newspapers. Whereas, a brigantine was chartered of William West, Esq., by this state, which was afterwards, while in the service of said state, taken by the enemy, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the sum of £480, lawful money, with interest on said sum, from the time said vessel was taken into service, be paid the said William West, out of the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety be em powered and directed to procure, as soon as possible, fifty pick axes and four hundred and fifty spades and shovels, at the ex pense of the state ; and that the same be deposited in such places, within this state, as shall be thought proper bythe major part of the committee Who were appointed to direct where the cannon should be placed. It is voted and resolved, that the sum of £10,000, be imme diately struck off, in bills of the same form and tenor with thoSe ordered to be emitted at the last March session. That they be signed and lodged in the general treasury, by 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 587 the following persons, viz. : Messrs. John G. Wanton, John Dexter, John Cole, Joseph Clarke, Thomas Greene, Welcome Arnold, James Congdon, 3d, and Christopher Ellery, three of whom shall sign all bills of five shillings and upwards, and two all bills under five shillings ; and that the bills be of the fol lowing denominations : 800 bills, of sixty shillings each, is - - £2,400 1,000, " forty " - - . 2,000 1,500, " thirt/ " 2,250 1,500, " twenty " - - - l,d00 1,500, " ten " - - 750 1,500, " five " - . ,375 1,500, " four "... 300 1,500, " three " - - - 225 1,050, "two " - - - 105 1,000, " one " - - - 50 1,200, " ninepence " - - - 45 .£10,000 And it is further voted and resolved, that the said lawful bills be a lawful tender, for paying and discharging all debts and demands, whatsoever ; and that said bills be redeemed within six years from the date thereof. It is further voted and resolved, that the said committee be allowed and paid out of the general treasury one-quarter per cent, for their trouble ; that they procure paper for the same, at the charge of the state. That Mr. John Carter be employed to print said bills, at one shilling and fourpence for every hundred bills so printed ; and that Mr. Robert Lawton be appointed to superintend the press. Provided, nevertheless, that said £10,000 be not emitted,, if said sum can, within six days be procured by the general treasurer, without interest, for six weeks ; and the said gen eral treasurer is hereby empowered to procure the said sum, and give his note or notes therefor, in behalf of this state. 588 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that £100, lawful money, be al lowed His Honor the Governor, for his salary and extraordinary services the year past. It is voted and resolved, that the clerk of the inferior court of common pleas and general sessions of the peace, of the county of Newport, be, and he is hereby, directed to remove the records and files of said court, to the town of Warren, for safety. It is voted and resolved, that Capt. Stimuel Carr be, and he is hereby, fully empowered to remove by himself, or to employ any other suitable persons to remove two or three obnoxious persons from New Shoreham, to Providence, and deliver them to the authority there. That the same be done in the best and easiest manner, and with as little charge to the government as conveniently may be ; and that Mr. Carr be empowered to draw the charge thereof, out of the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that the blacksmiths in the town of Newport, be allowed ninepence per pound, for the iron-work by them to be done for the carriages ordered to be made for this state. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor and Mr. John Jenckes, be appointed a committee to procure upon charter, and send a suitable vessel to the island of Hispaniola^ to procure gun powder, arms and other warlike stores, for the use of this stale ; and that they be empowered to draw £1,000, lawful money, out of the general treasury, for that purpose. Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority thereof, it is enacted, that no male person, of the age of twenty-one years, being an inhabitant or resident in this state, shall prefer a petition to this General Assembly, for setting aside any judgment or court, or staying any execution, or shall commence any suit, action, bill or plaint, before any court of record in this state, unless he shall have previously signed the declaration or test, prescribed by an act, entitled " An act em powering the members of the upper and iower houses of As- 1776.J AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 589 sembly to tender, to such of the inhabitants of this colony as are herein after mentioned, a declaration, or test, for sub scription." And that in case the General Assembly, or court, before which the same shall be brought or instituted, shall receive in formation that the person presenting or commencing the same, hath not subscribed the said test, or declaration, such petition, suit, action, bill, or plaint, shall be ex officio dismissed, unless a proper certificate of such person's having subscribed said declaration, or test, shall be produced, or he shall there, if personally present, subscribe the said declaration, or test. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no person in this state shall have the liberty of voting in any town meeting in this state, in the choice of officers, nor in any other question, unless he shall have previously subscribed the said declaration, or test. Provided, nevertheless, and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that this act shall not be construed to ex tend to any person who shall take the affirmation, or produce a certificate, as by the said act permitted. And it is further enacted, that this act shall be in force in ten days after the rising of this Assembly, and be published in the Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette. It is voted and resolved, that Henry Ward, Esq., and Col, Jonathan Arnold, forthwith prepare an answer to the express from Lord Howe.* It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety imme diately procure, on the best terms they can, clothing for the Continental troops in this state, agreeably to the resolution of the Most Honorable the General Congress, of the 19th of June last ; and that the secretary deliver to them a copy of the said resolution. Whereas, Henry Ward, Esq., and Col. Jonathan Arnold, who were appointed a committee to prepare an answer to the express from Lord Howe, presented unto this Assembly, a * The letter of Lord Howe, here referred to, is printed on page 579, of this volume. 590 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. draught of a letter to His Lordship ; which being duly consid • ered by this Assembly, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, approved ; that a fair oopy thereof, be made, to be signed by His Honor the Governor, and by him to be forwarded.* It is voted and resolved, that the following gentlemen be, and they are hereby, chosen and appointed to the offices as-- cribed to their respective names, to wit : Field Officers Chosen. Joseph Stanton, Jr., Esq., lieutenant colonel of the first regiment of militia, in Kings county, in the room of Jesse Champlin, who resigns. Charles Dyer, Esq., colonel of the second regiment of militia, in Kings county, in the room of Robert Brown, who resigns. Samuel Seager, Esq., lieutenant colonel of the same regi ment, in the room of George Pierce, who resigns. Ray Sands, Esq., major of the same regiment, in the room of Charles Dyer, who is advanced. Officers to command the several companies of militia, or trained bands. Providence. Second company — Samuel Black, lieutenant, in the room of William Rhodes, who refuses. * The Governor of Rhode Island to Lord Howe. Rbode Island and Providence Plantations, ) Newport, July 21, 1776. f My Lord : — I am favol'ed with Your Lordship's letter of the 20th of June last, enclosing your declaration. I have communicated them to the General Assembly of this state , now sitting here ; and at their request, inform Your Lordship that they will transmit copies of them to the Most Honorable the General Congress of the United States of America; to whom, every applica tion respecting the disputes between the said states and Great Britain, ought to be ad dressed, and must be referred. I have the honor to be, with great respect and esteem, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient, humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To His Excellency Lord Howe. 1776.J AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 591 Warwick.* First company — James Carder, Jr., ensign, in the room of William Lippitt, who refuses. New Shoreham company — John Sands, captain ; Simon Lit tlefield, lieutenant; John Pain, ensign. South Kingstown. Second company — Samuel Potter, cap tain, in the room of Samuel Seager, advanced to lieutenant colonel. East Greenwich. First company — John Glazier, captain ; Ebenezer Spencer, lieutenant ; William Hall, ensign. Second company — Allen Johnston, captain ; Michael Spen cer, lieutenant ; Stephen Greene, ensign. Jamestown company — Edward Carr, Jr., captain ; John Weeden, son of Daniel Weeden, Jr., lieutenant ; Samuel Carr, Jr., ensign. Scituate. Fifth company — Sam'l Wilbour, captain ; Thos. Field, lieutenant ; William Potter, ensign. We3t Greenwich. First company — Alexander Hopkins, captain ; Joseph Hopkins, lieutenant ; Nicholas Mias, ensign. Second company — Jeremiah Aston, captain ; Benjamin Gor ton, lieutenant ; Joseph Weaver, ensign. Third company — Job Angell, captain ; Josiah Mathewson, lieutenant ; Thomas Young, ensign. Middletown company — John Vars, captain ; Oliver Durfee, lieutenant ; Benjamin Cornell, ensign. Tiverton. Second company — George Westgate, captain ; Ebenezer Slocum, lieutenant ; Benjamin Borden, ensign. Hopkinton. Third company — Nathan Barber, captain ; Jesse Burdick, lieutenant ; Weight Burdick, ensign. North Providence company — James Angell, Jr., ensign, in the room of Jesse Angell, who refuses. An Act to prevent the depreciation of the Continental cur rency, and other current money of the United States of America, or the current paper bills of either of the states of New England. Whereas, many evil minded persons, with a view to preju dice the cause of the United States of America, have made use 592 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. of several methods to depreciate the Continental currency, and other current moneys, of the said states ; to keep up tlie value of which, is a matter of the greatest importance, and essential to the safety of the United States ; for preventing such evil practices in future, — It is enacted by this General Assembly, and by the au thority of the same, that if any person shall hereafter receive any discount between the Continental currency, or the current paper bills of either of the states in New England, and silver or gold in exchange, or in receiving moneys in payment of any debt or obligation, or shall sell goods, wares or merchandize, or offer them for sale, for any less price for silver or gold, than for either of the currencies or bills, aforesaid, or shall by any other ways or means do any act or thing, tending to depre ciate the value of said currencies and bills ; every person so offending, upon due conviction thereof, by bill, plaint or infor mation, before any of the inferior or superior courts in this state, shall, for every offence, forfeit and pay the sum of £50, lawful money ; one-half, whereof, shall, upon conviction, be paid to the informer and prosecutor, and the other half, into the general treasury, to and for the use of this state. Provided, that information be given, and the prosecution thereupon, be made, within three months next after such of fence shall be committed. And it is further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no person shall be empowered to take out an execution upon any judgment, until he shall, upon oath or solemn affirmation, declare that he hath never directly sold or received silver or gold, at any higher rates than are established by the laws of this state ; that is to say, reckoning six shillings of the said currencies and bills to be equal to one silver milled dollar ; and in gold, in the like proportion. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. William Champlin be cap tain of the fourth company of militia, in the town of Newport, in the room of William Downing, who hath resigned. It is voted and resolved, that Col. George Sears be appointed to receive of Mr. Nathan Miller, the provisions and all other 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 593 stores now in his possession belonging to this state, and give him a receipt therefor ; and that he deliver the same to Peter Phil lips, Esq., commissary for supplying and issuing provisions to the Continental troops within this state ; that he estimate the value of the same, at the prime cost and charges, and that he receive the amount thereof of the said Peter Phillips, and pay the same into the general treasury. It is voted and resolved, that a company of fifty men, to be led by one captain, and two lieutenants, be immediately en.- listed for the defence of Fort Liberty, and be there stationed ; that the said officers and men be allowed the same wages and rations as are allowed to the artillery company in the brigade ; that they be enlisted for one year, and according to the form of enlistment by which the soldiers of the brigade were en listed, mutatis mutandis; that Samuel Sweet, be appointed captain ; Daniel Vaughan, first lieutenant ; and Ebenezer Ad ams, second lieutenant, of the said company. It is voted and resolved, that £1,300, lawful money, be al lowed and paid out of the general treasury, to the owners of the Furnace Hope, in part of their demand for cannon supplied the colony. It is voted aDd resolved, that Mr. John Smith pay to the captains ofthe row-gallies the sum of £10 15s., lawful money, to pay off the men. Whereas, Messrs. Joseph Wanton, Jr., Mathew Cozzens, John Haliburton, William Hunter, Samuel Gibbs, Silas Cook, Jr., Anthony Lechmere, Christopher Hargill, Augustus John ston, Andrew Christie and Joseph Farrish, have refused, and still refuse, to subscribe the test, or declaration, prescribed by an act of the Assembly, tendered to them, agreeably to said act; — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the persons tbove* named, be, by the sheriff of the county of Newport, removed at their own expense, to the following places, viz. : Col. Joseph Wanton to be removed to the town of James town, and have the liberty of that town, under the inspection vol. vn. 75 594 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. of the commander in chief at Rhode Island ; and that he be permitted, whenever the said commander in chief shall think proper, to pass under a guard, to visit his farm on Prudence ; but to no other place, whatever, off the island of Connanicut. That Augustus Johnston, be removed to the town of South Kingstown. That Mathew Cozzens, be removed to Cumberland. John Haliburton, to Hopkinton. William Hunter, to Smithfield. Samuel Gibbs, to Scituate, north of Plainfield Road. Silas Cooke, Jr., to South Kingstown. Anthony Lechmere, to Glocester. Christopher Hargill, to Cumberland. Andrew Christie, to North Kingstown. Joseph Farrish, to Cumberland. And that they continue within the limits of the said towns, and support themselves, therein ; excepting the said Samuel Gibbs, who is to continue within the limits before mentioned. That if either of said persons transgress said limits, they be immediately apprehended and committed to jail, within the county to which they are removed ; and if either of said per sons shall refuse to pay the expense of their removal, and for their support in said towns, that the same shall be allowed by this state ; and that their estates be immediately seized to, and for the use of the state, and their persons immediately confined in the jail within the county where they are removed. It is voted and resolved, that William Greene and John Col lins, Esqs., be a committee, to wait on the Most Honorable the Continental Congress, with a draught in behalf of this state, for $120,000, and to request payment ; and give a receipt for the same, on account of the moneys due to this state, for the expense of the brigade, taken into Continental pay. It is voted and resolved, that if any sheriff for the county of Newport, or the town sergeant of said town, have any writs or executions against any or either of the persons ordered by this Assembly to be removed out of the town of Newport, for not 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 595 subscribing the test act, be, and they are hereby, empowered to commit such persons to the jail of the county to which they are respectively removed, in the same manner as they might com mit them in the county of Newport ; and the sheriffs or keepers of said jails are hereby ordered to receive them in, like manner as though committed by any officer of said counties. It is voted and resolved, that the nine-pound cannon, al ready delivered by the owners of the Furnace Hope, to this state, be received in part of those to be delivered by their contract. It is voted and resolved, that the town of Scituate be al lowed one hundred and thirty pounds weight of lead, out of the stock beloning to this state. God save the United States. Christopher Lippitt to the Governor of Rhode Island. Newport, July the 13th, 1776. Dear Sir: — It is with much anxiety I am to inform Your Honor of the present State of affairs here. It is not long since, there begun to be much altercation among the officers of the brigade, concerning the persons of this town that have been thought to be inimical to their country ; and on the whole, thought ourselves under the necessity of showing who are friends, and ready to take up arms in the gloriOiis cause [in which] America is now a struggling. The 11th instant, many of the officers lodged a complaint with Judge Bowler, against about twenty persons, requesting him, as a member of the General Assem bly, to tender the test act to those persons whose narnes were annexed thereunto ; which was done immediately ; they refused all but one, and were summoned to give their reasons the next day ; for which reasons, I refer Your Honor to Esquire Bowler, who will lay them before you. We then thought fit to try about sixty more ; but to my sorrow, found only two that would subscribe: The reason that many of them *ould not subscribe, I believe is greatly owing to the unwearied pains taken by them that were first taken up, in order to save themselves that way, by getting as many to refuse as possible ; therein thinking to destroy the force of the act. Your Honor will advise what is best to be done. Had they been guilty of any real facts of late, we should have fined them ; but as the accusation was general, purely to find who are friends and which are enemies, could do no more by the act than disarm them. Therefore, as matters now stand, sir, you must be sensible that something ought to be done soon. Should an army or fleet arrive here now, what a horrid situation 596 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. should we be in ! Will it then be a time to take care of those that we have now amongst us ? God forbid that we stop until we have tried them to the utmost ; and if found to be notorious, remove them immediately from amongst us. 1 have the honor to subscribe myself, Your most obedient, humble servant, CHRIST. LIPPITT To Governor Cooke. Proceedings of the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations^ at Newport, on the third Monday in August, 1776. The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Governor. The Hon. William Bradford, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that the act of this Assembly, passed at their session, holden in March last past, subjecting the principal and commanding officers of the colony's brigade to the payment of damages sustained by any householder, by means of the troops that may be quartered or billeted in such house, be in force from and after the 18th day of May, in the year of our Lord 1776 ; any law, custom or usage, to the con-1 trary in any wise, notwithstanding. Whereas, Col. James Arnold, Jr., Col. John Waterman and Capt. James Aborn, were appointed by this Assembly a com mittee to inquire into the damages sustained by Capt. Samuel Tompkios, occasioned by the soldiers being quartered upon him, at Prudence ; and to examine the account by him presented for the soldiers burning his rails, and for supplying them with blankets, hay for bedding, &c, &c, and they, or the major part of them, to make report thereon, presented to this Assem bly the following report : Report of the Committee to the General Assembly. We, the subscribers, being appointed by the General As sembly, a committee, to examine the within account ; and also 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 597 to set a price on the several articles mentioned in said ac count ; agreeably to the said appointment, we met this 18th day of March, and have duly considered and examined the sa d account, and set a price to each article therein men tioned, according to the best of our judgment. In witness whereof, we have severally set our hands. JAMES ARNOLD, JR., JOHN WATERMAN. Which said premises being duly considered, — It is voted and resolved, that the said report be, and hereby is, accepted ; and that the sum of £76 15s. 5^., lawful money, being the sum by said committee estimated asd amages, be allowed, and paid unto the said Samuel Tompkins, out of the general treasury. An account being laid before this Assembly, by Mr. Joseph Coggeshall, for drawing leases of the lands lately belonging to the disaffected persons in Kings county, which Avere ordered to be leased out for the use of government ; which being duly ex amined, — It is voted and resolved, tnat the same be, and hereby is, al lowed ; and that ten shillings, being the amount thereof, be paid unto the said Joseph Coggeshall, out of the general treasury. Whereas, the sheriff of the county of Newport, was, by or der of this Assembly, to remove from out of the town of New port, those disaffected persons who refused to subscribe the test, in said order mentioned ; and the said sheriff thereupon made the following report : Report of the Sheriff of the County of Newport, to the General Assembly, relative to the Removal of Disaffected Persons, from the town of Newport. Agreeably to the act of this Assembly, and in conformity thereto, I have removed Col. Joseph Wanton, to the town of Jamestown ; Augustus Johnston, to the town of South Kings- 598 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. town : Matthew Cozzens, to Cumberland ; Dr. John Halibur- tnn, to Hopkinton ; Dr. William Hunter, to Smithfield ; An drew Christy, to North Kingstown ; and Silas Cooke, Jr., to South Kingstown. Samuel Gibbs, Joseph Farrish and Christopher Hargill, re fusing to pay the expense of their removal, I committed them to the jail of this state, in Providence. Anthony Lechmere, who by the aforesaid order, was also to be removed, was not, nor is not, to be found, having (as it is said), embarked on board of a vessel belonging to Mr. William Vernon, to proceed to the West Indies, whereof, George Sweet, is master. JABEZ CHAMPLIN, Sheriff. Whereupon, the said report being duly examined, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, accepted. It is voted and resolved, that Matthew Scallion, now a pris oner, in the jail at Providence, be removed from thence to the town of Smithfield, upon his parole ; and that he have liberty to enter on board any of the privateers fitted out from this state. AVhereas, Joseph Stanton, Jr., Esq.'s accounts, as one ofthe committee of safety, were audited, and report made to this Assembly, at their session, holden in March last past, and the said report accepted, and a balance due thereon, to said Joseph Stanton, Jr., of £140 18s. 5d., lawful money ; which balance, it does not appear was ever voted to be paid him out of the general treasury ; — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the aforesaid sum of £140 18s. 5^., be, and hereby is, ordered to be paid unto the said Joseph Stanton, Jr., out ofthe general treasury. Both houses joined in a grand committee, recommended to the Most Honorable the General Congress of the United States of America, the following persons, as suitable for field officers of the brigade raised by this state, and taken into Continental pay: 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 599 Field Officers chosen to command the State's Brigade. William Richmond, Esq., colonel; Caleb Gardner, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; and Benjamin Tallman, Esq., major of the first regiment. Officers chosen to command the several Companies in the First Regiment. The following officers are chosen and appointed in the first regiment : Thomas Wells, 3d, Christopher Manchester, James Wallace, Josiah Gibbs, Jr., Benjamin Diamond, Samuel Phillips, Jr., Caleb Carr, Abimilech Riggs, Malachi Hammet, Royzel Smith, Lemuel Bailey and Jonathan Wallen, captains. Peleg Berry, Walter Palmer, Jonathan Deval, Jr., Philip Arnold, Philip Traffan, Benjamin West, Samuel Stevens, Squire Fisk, Stephen Hopkins, Ebenezer Macomber, Benjamin Church and Edmond Arrow Smith, lieutenants. John Pearce, Peleg Simmons, Jr., Benjamin Burroughs, Elisha Parker, Benjamin Stelle, John Handy, Samuel Hicks, Henry Alexander, Zephaniah Brown, Joseph Springer, Philip Palmer and Moses Watson, ensigns. Benjamin Stelle, adjutant ; John Handy, quartermaster ; John Bartlet, surgeon. Field Officers chosen to command the Second Regiment. The following persons are recommended to the Most Honor able the General Congress, for field officers in the second regiment : Christopher Lippitt, Esq., colonel; Adam Comstock, Esq., lieutenant colonel ; James Tew, Esq., major. Officers chosen to command the several Companies in the Second Regiment. The following officers are chosen and appointed for the second regiment : 600 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776, Nathaniel Blackmar, Jonathan Brownel, David Dexter, Loring Peck, John Carr, Thomas Gorton, Arthur Fenner, Ben jamin Hoppin, Simeon Martin, Christopher Dyer, Thomas Ar nold and Lemuel Bailey, captains. Wilson Rawson, William Jones, David Searls, Gilbert Grant, Alexander Thomas, Ichabod Prentice, Jacob Williams, Abraham Turtulot, William Belcher, Peleg Hoxsie, Thomas Noyes and Reuben Hewitt, lieutenants. Joseph Bowen, Gilbert Richmond, Samuel Dexter, Joseph Read, Brenton Bliss, Caleb Matthews, William Pullen, John Cowen, Philip Martin, John Holden, Benjamin Bourn and David Melvil, ensigns. John Holden, adjutant ; Benjamin Bourne, quartermaster ; Isaac Ross Bliven, surgeon ; William Barton, Esq., major of brigade. Officers of the Train of Artillery. Robert Elliot, captain ; William Bull, captain-lieutenant ; Joshua Sayer, first lieutenant ; Nathaniel Gladding, second lieutenant ; Rhodes Packard, lieutenant fireworker, Militia and other Officers Chosen. Reuben Ballou, captain ; Amos Whipple, lieutenant ; Na' thauiel Gould, ensign, of the second company of militia, for the town of Cumberland. James Parker, captain ; Barber Peckham, lieutenant ; Haz ard Champlin, ensign of the second company of militia, for the town of South Kingstown. Samuel Day, captain ; George Streeter, lieutenant ; Benja min Ballou, ensign, of the first company of militia, in the town of Smithfield. Stephen Smith, captain ; William Troop, lieutenant ; Jo seph Reynolds, Jr., ensign, of the company of militia in the town of Bristol. John Davis, lieutenant ; Stephen Pearce, ensign, in the 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 601 second company of militia, in the town of Little Compton, in the room of David Cooke and Forbes Little, who refused. Andrew Harris, Esq., justice of the peace, for the town of Cranston, in addition. Solomon Southwick, Esq., intendant of trade, for the district of Newport. Henry Ward, Esq., intendant of trade, for the district of Providence. Justice of the Superior Court. Metcalfe Bowler, Esq., chief ; William Greene, Esq., sec ond ; Shearjashub Bourn, Esq., third; Jabez Bowen, Esq., fourth ; and Thomas Wells, Esq., fifth, justices of the superior court of judicature, court of assize, and general jail delivery, in and throughout the state, aforesaid. Justices of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, for Kings County. Simeon Perry, Esq., the second justice of the inferior court of common pleas, and general sessions of the pesace, for the county of Kings county, refuses to accept said office ; where fore,^ Sylyester Robinson, Esq., second ; John Northup, Esq., third ; Carder Hazard, Esq., fourth ; and Joseph Hoxsie, Esq., fifth, justices of the inferior court of common pleas, and general ses sions of the peace, in and for the county of Kings county. Justices of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, for the County qf Newport. George Hazard, Esq., chief justice of the inferior court of common pleas, and general sessions of the peace, in and for the county of Newport, resigns his commission ; wherefore — John Jepson, Esq., chief; John Barker, Esq., second; Thomas Church, .Esq., third ; Benjamin Underwood, Esq., fourth ; and Gideon Wanton, Esq., fifth, justices of the inferior vol. vii. 76 602 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. court of common pleas, and general sessions of the peace, in and for the county of Newport. Daniel Rodman, Esq., major of the second regiment of mi litia, in Kings county, in the stead of Ray Sands, Esq., who refuses. It is voted and resolved, that Dr. William Hunter, be, and he is hereby, permitted to return to Newport, to visit his family, under their present distress, occasioned by the danger ous illness of one of his children ; but. that he return back to Smithfield (the place ordered by this Assembly for his resi dence), as soon as the situation of his family may permit. That John Collins, Esq., John Jepson, Esq., and Peter Phillips, Esq., three of the magistrates of this state, be, and they are hereby, appointed to direct when the said Dr. Hunter shall be sent back to Smithfield. It is voted and resolved, that Messrs. George Sears and Thomas Freebody be, and they are hereby, appointed to remove the cannon from Providence to Newport. It is voted and resolved, that when any vacancies shall hap pen in the militia officers in the county of Providence, the com pany in which such vacancy may be, shall, and may, recom mend to His Honor the Governor, a suitable person to fill said vacancy up ; and upon His Honor the Governor's approving the choice^ he is hereby requested to commission the person re commended, accordingly. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor be, and he is hereby, requested to procure, and transmit as soon as may be, to the board of war, at Philadelphia, an account of the number and rank of the prisoners of war now in this state ; and also a list of the officers of the Continental troops in this state, and the dates of their respective commissions. Whereas, by an act of this Assembly, made and passed at their session holden in March last past, the sheriffs in the sev eral counties in this state are authorized and empowered to dis pose of any vessels and their cargoes, that shall be made prize of, and condemned within their respective counties. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 603 And whereas, inconveniences have arisen from the sheriffs being alone empowered to dispose of the said vessels and their cargoes, made prize of and condemned, as aforesaid, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the owners of the privateers, and agents, hereby have liberty to employ the sheriff, his, deputy, or either of the vendue masters within either of the counties in which any vessels or goods shall be brought, that shall be made prize of and condemned, as afore said ; who are hereby authorized to dispose of the same, agree- bly to said act ; and the said sheriff, his deputy, or vendue master, employed, as aforesaid, is hereby directed to dispose of the goods, in small quantities, by the cask, bag, &c. ; and that lie have the same fees, as are already allowed by law. And it is further voted and resolved, that the said sheriff, his deputy, and vendue master, and the purchasers at the vendue, be liable to be prosecuted at a special court, in the same man ner, as heretofore. It is voted and resolved, that the court martial now con vened, for the trial of Capt. Zerobabel Westcot, proceed in said trial, and pass sentence, agreeably to the rules and regulations of the army, and cause their said sentence to be carried into e&ecution. Whereas, His Honor the Governor, and Mr. John Jenckes, were appointed to fit out and send a vessel to Hispaniola, to import gunpowder for this state ; and as it now appears that some other parts of the West Indies (other than the British islands), will answer better than the said island of His paniola, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that His Honor the Gov ernor and Mr. Jenckes, proceed, as soon as may be, and send the said vessel to any part of the West Indies they may judge best, other than the British islands, aforesaid. It is voted and resolved, that Benjamin Smith, deputy sheriff of the county of Providence, be, and he is hereby, or dered forthwith to remove Richard Beale, John Nichol, Nicho las Lechmere and Thomas Vernon, from the house and farm of Stephen Keech, to some other house or houses within the town 604 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND 1776. of Glocester, agreeably to an act of this Assembly, made and passed at their session, holden in June, A. D. 1776. That unless the said Richard Beale, John Nichol, Nicholas Lechmere and Thomas Vernon, pay the expenses of their re moval and for their board and maintenance in said town, that their several and respective real estates be taken into posses-* sion by the sheriff for the county of Newport, in behalf of this state. That the aforesaid Richard Beale, John Nichol, Nicholas Lechmere and Thomas Vernon, have liberty to remove their families, to be With them in said town, and to hire, at their own expense, any house or houses in said town, to live or reside in, upon condition that they give their promise in writing, to the sheriff of said county of Providence, that they will not depart from said town of Glocester, without license first had and ob tained from this Assembly ; which said sheriff is hereby em powered to take such promise, accordingly. And it is further voted and resolved, that the said Nicholas Lechmere be, and he is hereby, permitted to reside in any town in the state of Connecticut that he shall choose ; first having liberty from the committee of such town, and giving his parole to observe the restrictions he shall be laid under by such committee. It is voted and resolved, that the sheriff of the county of New^ port forthwith remove Mr. Matthew Cozzens from the town of Newport, to the town of Providence, and commit him to jail in said town of Providence, agreeably to a resolve of this Assem bly, made and passed at their session, holden in July, in the year of our Lord, 1776. And it is further voted and resolved, that if any other of the persons removed from Newport, shall return, or transgress the bounds prescribed to them by this Assembly, that the sheriffs in the several counties within this state, are hereby empowered and directed forthwith to apprehend and take such offender, and him commit to the jail in the county to which he or they were removed. It is voted and resolved, that the commander in chief of the 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 605 brigade in this state, be, and he is hereby, allowed =£20, lawful money, per month, and twelve rations per day, from the time of his taking the command of said brigade. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor be, and he is hereby, requested immediately to write to the dele gates of this state, that they endeavor to procure the appoint ment by Congress of a paymaster to the brigade now in this state, as soon as may be. It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety pay the brigade in this state the wages due unto them up to the 1st day of September, and no longer, without further orders from this Assembly > and that they draw money sufficient for that pur pose, out of the general treasury. Voted and resolved, that the following accounts be paid, viz. ; — Bills to be Paid. £ s.d. Daniel W. Hookey, for horse hire and expenses, in removing from the town of Newport divers persons who refused to subscribe to the test, 5 04 0 Israel Church, for a gun, lost in the attack on Quebec - 2 08 0 Henry Peckham, for repairs on the state house, Newport - 7 04 6 William Stevens, for carrying express to Gov. Trumbull - 3 00 0 John Low, for services in collecting the militia upon the alarms at War wick Neck, and Prudence Island - 4 04 0 Benjamin Pierce, for supplying the minute men at Jamestown, with beef, cheese and cider - - - - 18 05 0 Nicholas Power, for gun carriages, junk, wads, plank, &c. - 128 09 1 Richard Smith, for warning the members of the Assembly in Bristol county, 12 0 Joseph Brown, for directing the making of gun carriages, timber, plank, duck, &c. - - - - - 183 06 8 Thomas Carr, for the use of oxen to remove cannon in Jamestown 18 9 Andrew Freebody, for labor in fitting up whale boats, &c. 58 18 5 Job Almy, for labor, rails, boards, lime, bricks for barracks for soldiers, &o, 80 08 8 Benjamin Greene, for beef pork, bread, cheese, &c. - 27 17 4 God save the United States. 606 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Proceedings' qf the General Assembly, held for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Providence, on the first Monday of September, 1776. The Hon. Nicholas Cooke, Governor. The Hon. William Bradford, Deputy Governor. It is voted and resolved, that the two regiments in the ser vice of this state, proceed under the particular directions of the commander in chief of the brigade, to Long Island, for the pro tection of the inhabitants and the stock, on 'said island ; to^ gether with a detachment to consist of forty meu from the artillery company, with two field-pieces not exceeding four- pounders, under the direction of such officers as the said com mander shall think proper. That Col. Lippitt immediately proceed with his regiment, and said detachment from the artillery company ; and that the other regiment be held in readiness to march at a moment's Warning, when ordered by the commander in chief of this state. It is voted and resolved, that the standing committee of audit for this state, inquire into the number of cannon now in the service, thereof, and of whom they were purchased, and what price they cost ; and that they make report to this Assembly as soon as may be. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Nathaniel Mumford be, and he is hereby, appointed to Visit the several fortifications in this state, and to inquire into the number and sizes of the can non in each and every fortification ; and likewise the number of cannon now in possession of the state, and in what towns they are. That he take an exact account of the number that are mounted upon different carriages, with their several sizes. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 607 That he inquire what number of cannon have been taken from any of the forts, and by whom, and who are the present owners of any of the cannon in this state's possession ; and that he make report to this Assembly as soon as may be. And it is further voted and resolved, that not any person in future take any of the cannon now in possession of this state, upon any pretence, whatever, unless permission first be had therefor, from this Assembly, upon the penalty of forfeiting and paying £100, lawful money, to and for the use of this state. Whereas, the corporation of the university or college, in this state, preferred a petition to this Assembly, setting forth, that divers persons in Great Britain, Ireland, and'different states in America, of charitable and benevolent dispositions, sensible of the many and great advantages derived to .society from the es tablishment of useful seminaries of learning, have generously contributed towards endowing the said college. That their donations have been made upon express condition that the principal sum should be placed at interest, upon good security, and be for ever kept undiminished ; and that the in terest should be applied to the support of the president, and other uses, for the benefit of said institution. That many of the donors were solicitous that the money so given, should be put to interest out of this state ; but it being thought that the introducing so large a sum of circulating specie would be of eminent service, the corporation offered it (being almost the whole of their funds, and amounting to upwards of $4,000,) to the General Assembly, who were pleased to receive it into the public treasury, and to order the interest of it to be paid annually. That by an act, passed in March last, all persons to whom any money was due from the state, were ordered to receive it by a limited time, upon penalty of forfeiting the interest ; and that the said act will operate greatly to the prejudice of said institution, unless this Assembly should think proper to make an exception in its favor ; and thereupon prayed this Assem bly, that the fund, aforesaid, might be continued in the general 608 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776, treasury, upon the same terms upon which it was at first re ceived. And this Assembly, taking the premises into consideration, and having maturely considered the same, — It is thereupon voted and resolved, that the prayer of the said petition be, and the same is hereby, granted. It is voted and resolved, that the towns of Bristol, Westerly, Charlestown, North Providence, Coventry, Warwick, Cumber land, Johnston, West Greenwich, Barrington and Smithfield, be, and they are hereby, permitted to erect an hospital, for the. inoculation of the small pox within their respective towns, they complying with the regulations contained in an act made and passed in June, A. D. 1776, for introducing inoculation within this state. It is voted and resolved, that the four four-pounders belong ing to Mr. Henry John Overing, and the three four-pounders belonging to Jacob Isaacs, in the possession of this state, be delivered to Mr. John Smith, he producing an order for the same, from the aforementioned persons, tjiey first making proof of their property to the satisfaction of Peter Phillips, Esq., and giving up the receipts given therefor in behalf of this state. It is voted and resolved, that an addition of eleven men be raised and made to the artillery company in the town of Westerly. That an addition also of fourteen men be raised and made to each of the artillery companies, in the towns of South Kingstown and North Kingstown. And that the artillery companies, heretofore ordered to l^e raised in this state, be equipped with small arms and bayonets, at their own expense ; and that they be subject to be drafted. It is voted and resolved, that £2,000, in lawful money bills of public credit, be. struck off; that Mr. John Brown, Joshua Babcock and John Dexter, Esqs., be a committee, to draw up an act accordingly. And that Messrs. John .G. Wanton, John Cole, Thomas 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 609 Greene, Joseph Clarke, John Dexter, Welcome Arnold James Congdon, 3d, and Jonathan Haszard, be the signers of said bills. It is voted and resolved, that Joshua Babcock, John Collins and Joseph Stanton, Jr., Esqs., be, and they are hereby, ap pointed a committee, they, or any two of them, to wait on His Excellency General Washington, to acquaint him with the state of this government ; and confer with him respecting the best method of defending the same. Both houses in a grand committee, chose Ray Sands, Esq., colonel, of the second regiment of militia, in Kings county, in the room of Samuel Seagar, who is gone to sea. Esek Olney, ensign, of the company of militia, in North Providence, in the room of James Angell, Jr., who declined. Joseph Draper, lieutenant, of the third company of militia, in West Greenwich, in the room of Josiah Mathewson, who refused. It is voted and resolved, that the draught of a letter to His Excellency General Washington, drawn up and presented to this Assembly, by the committee appointed for that purpose, be approved of; and that His Honor the Governor be requested to sign and transmit the same, by the committee appointed to wait on His Excellency, to confer with him on the subject matter thereof. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor, and Mr. John Jenckes, have liberty to draw out of the general treas ury the amount of Lhe cargo of the sloop Diamond, purchased by them, for this state, and of her outfits, agreeably to a vote of this Assembly. It is voted and resolved, that the Colonels Church, Cooke and Belcher, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to examine all the arms of the brigade, on Rhode Island, and to have the same, and all other arms, belonging to this state, put in the best order ; and that they remove such of the can non from the town of Newport, as shall not be mounted, to such places upon the main as they may think most for the service of this state. vol. vii. 77 610 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that all the troops on the island of Jamestown, be removed to the town of Newport ; and that the cannon on said island be removed to such place, as the commit tee appointed to examine the arms of the brigade shall think most for the service of this state. It is voted and resolved, tha.t Messrs. Cromel Child and Sylvester Child, immediately build ten flat-bottomed boats, for the use of the state, large enough to transport about seventy men each. It is voted and resolved, that it be recommended to Mr. Thomas Greene, to furnish the commissary of the brigade in this state, from time to time, with so much of the salt in his hands, belonging to the continent, as he may stand in need of, for the use of said brigade. It is voted and resolved, that the rolls be delivered to the standing committee, this evening ; that they proportion the salt to the several towns, according to the number of inhabit ants in this state ; and that they make report of the same to this Assembly, in the morning. It is voted and resolved, that Dr. William Hunter and Dr. John Halliburton, have the liberty of returning to the town of Newport, there to remain until the next October session of Assembly. Whereas, Mr. Stephen Keech, exhibited unto this Assem bly, an account by him charged against the state, for eleven weeks board of John Nicholl, Richard Beale, Nicholas Lech mere and Thomas Vernon ; which said account being duly examined, — Jt is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, allowed ; and that the amount thereof, being d£l9 16s., lawful money, be paid unto the said Stephen Keech, out of the gen eral treasury. It is voted and resolved, that no part of the salt ordered to be distributed within this state, be delivered to the town of New Shoreham ; but that their proportion thereof, be reserved for said inhabitants, to salt any provisions that may be brought from the said town to the main, there to be disposed of. 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 611 It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Daniel Owen be, and he is hereby, appointed to procure suitable and convenient places, within the town of Glocester, for Richard Beale, Thomas Ver non and John Nicholl ; and that he immediately remove them to such places, accordingly. Resolved, that no person chosen to any office, civil or military, within this state, shall officiate in his office after one month from the lising of this Assembly, without previously subscribing the test prescribed by law, in the presence of a member of Assem bly, under the penalty of £100, lawful money, to be recovered before the inferior court for the county where the offence shall be committed, to" be paid into the general treasury of this state. And that no person shall act as a counsellor or attorney, in any court of record in this state, after said one month, without subscribing said test, in like manner as above, under the like penalty, and to be recovered in like manner. Provided, nevertheless, that this act be not construed to ex tend to such persons as shall take the affirmation prescribed for tender consciences ; or produce a certificate of his being in union with the people called Friends, from the clerk of their meeting ; and that this act be published iu the Newport Mer cury and Providence Gazette. It is voted and resolved, that the sum of $66,670, be im mediately struck off in bills of credit, and placed in the general treasury ; that said bills be of the following form, to wit : Form of Bills of Credit. "The possessor of this bill shall be paid, by the general treasurer of the state of Rhode Island and Providence Planta- tations, dollars, within six years, from the date hereof. By order of Assembly. Providence, the 5th day of Septem ber, A. D. 1776." That said bills be signed by the following persons, to wit : John G. Wanton, John Cole, Thomas Greene, John Dexter, Joseph Clarke, Welcome Arnold, James Congdon, 3d, and 612 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. Jonathan Haszard ; three of whom, shall sign all bills of $1, and upwards ; and two, all bills under $1 ; and that said bills be of the following denominations, to wit : 700 bills, of thirty dollars each - - -$21,000 12,000" 6,670 4,800 - 4,200 3,600 - 3,0002,400 - 1,8001,200 - 2,000 2,000 - 1,000 500500 600 f i twenty ' ' 667 a ten 600 a eight " - 600 cc seven " 600 cc six " - 600 cc five 600 cc four " - 600 ti three 600 tt two " - 2,000 cc one " 4,000 cc half a dollar each 4,000 one -quarter of a " 4,000 one -eighth " 8,000 one- -sixteenth of a " 28,167 $66,670 $66,670, at 6s. each, is £20,001 And it is further resolved, that said bills be a lawful tender for paying and discharging all contracts, debts, dues and de mands whatsoever, whether of a public or private nature ; and that said bills be redeemed within six years from the time of emission. And it is further resolved, that said committee be allowed and paid out of the general treasury, one-quarter per cent, for their trouble. That they procure paper for the same, at the charge of the state ; that Mr. John Carter be employed to print said bills. at one shilling and four pence for every hundred bills ; and that Joseph Clarke, Esq., be appointed to superintend the press. And it is further resolved, that the said Joseph Clarke, Esq., procure at the charge of the state, new escutcheons, 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. C13 and such other devices as may be necessary for printing said bills. Whereas, Capt. Asa Kimball presented unto this Assembly, an account by him charged against the state, for his Services as conductor and engineer of the works of defence on Rhode Island ; for one blanket, by him supplied to a soldier newly enlisted ; for one barrel, used for tubs in digging the well at the fort ; and for his expenses in attending the Assembly, at East Greenwich, as an evidence in the trial of Col. Babcock, by order of His Honor the Governor ; and the Said account having been duly examined by this Assembly, — It is voted and resolved, that £11 8s., lawful money, there of, and no more, be allowed ; and that said sum be paid the said Asa Kimball, out of the general treasury. Whereas, there is no provision, by law, for the town clerks in this state, to be paid for their trouble, in attending town meetings, to draw jurors for the trial of prize causes : Be it enacted by this General Assembly, and the authority thereof it is enacted, that each town clerk who shall attend, and do his duty at such town meeting, for drawing jurors to attend the trial of any prize causes or causes, to be tried at the maritime court in this state, shall be allowed the sum of six shillings, lawful money, for his attendance and trouble therein ; which sum shall be taxed and allowed by the judge of said court, to be paid out ofthe money arising from the sale of the prize condemned, in the same manner as other charges are by law ordered to be paid. It is voted and resoived, that His Honor the Governor, the Deputy Governor and the members ofthe General Council, any five of whom to be a quorum, together with such of the deputies belonging to the respective towns in this state as may attend, be, and they are hereby, appointed a committee, to act and transact all such business as the exigency of public affairs, during the recess of the General Assembly, may require ; and to ad vise His Honor therein ; and that all orders by them made and issued, and all other their transactions, be laid before the next session of the General Assembly. 614 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that Mr. Rufus Waterman be, and he is hereby, appointed inspector of saltpeter in the county of Providence, in the room of Jabez Bowen, Esq. ; and that the said Rufus'draw on the general treasurer, from time to time, for the amount of the saltpeter he may receive on account of this state. And it is further resolved, that the several inspectors imme diately dehver the saltpeter they may have on hand, to Mr. John Waterman. That they'from time to time, deliver what they may here after receive, to the said John Waterman, who is appointed to receive the same, and make it into powder, for the use of this state ; and that the expense of transporting the saltpeter to the said John Waterman's, be paid by this state. It is voted and resolved, that two hundred small arms be sent for in the vessel ordered to be fitted out by this Assembly, on account of this state. It is voted and resolved, that the committee of safety imme diately furnish the commissary with the necessary clothing for the brigade in this state ; and that the commissary deliver them to the captains, at the prime cost and charges, who are to de li /er the same to said troops at the same price, and to account therefor, to the commissary. That as many tents and marquees be immediately made, as by the return of the colonels commandant, shall be thought necessary ; and that Messrs. Thomas Greene and Jacob Greene, be requested to deliver as much of the continental duck now in their hands, as shall be wanted for the purpose, aforesaid, to the committee of safety, who are directed to have the said tents made as soon as may be. And the said committee are further directed to insert an ad vertisement in the Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette, for procuring fifteen hundred pair of yarn stockings, and fifteen hundred pair of double-soled shoes, for the use of the brigade, and notifying that a good price will be given for the same. It is voted and resolved, that the standing committee ex amine the accounts of Commodore Hopkins, respecting the 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 615 monay by him received of the general treasurer ; and that they make report to this Assembly, as soon as may be. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor sign an order to Major Elliott, to deliver to Mrs. Mary Mason the two swivel guns, taken from her, by order of Eseck Hopkins, Esq., when commander in chief of the forces on Rhode Island. Whereas, the inhabitants of New Shoreham, from their pe culiar situation, are entirely in the power of the enemy, and very pernicious consequences may attend the intercourse of the said inhabitants with the continent, by means of the intelligence and supplies which the enemy may procure thereby, — It is therefore voted and resolved, that the said inhabitants be, and they are hereby, prohibited from coming from said island into other any part of this slate, upon pain of being con sidered as enemies to the state, and of being imprisoned in the jail in the county where they may be found, there to remain until they shall be discharged by the General Assembly. And all officers, both civil and military, and every other per son, being an inhabitant of this state, is hereby directed and empowered to apprehend all persons so offending, and to com mit them, as aforesaid. Provided, nevertheless, that this act shall not extend to any inhabitant of the said island, who shall remove from thence with his or her family, with an intention to settle in any other part of the United States. It is further voted and resolved, that in case any person in this state shall be convicted of having any intercourse or cor respondence with the persons so offending, he or she shall for feit and pay as a fine, to the use of this state, £30, lawful money, to be recovered by the general treasurer, at the inferior court of common pleas, in the county where the offence shall be committed. It is further resolved, that a copy of this act be inserted in the Newport Mercury and Providence Gazette. It is voted and resolved, that no person be exchanged in future in the brigade, without the permission ofthe commander in chief of this state. 618 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor be re quested to write an answer to the letter received this day from Governor Trumbull, and acquaint him with the measures taking in this state for the common defence. It is voted and resolved, that His Honor the Governor, and Mr. .John Jenckes be, and they are hereby, appointed to pur chase or hire a proper vessel, and fit her out for any place they may think best, to get a load of salt, for, and at the expense and risk of, this state ; and that they«be empowered to draw a sum of money, not exceeding £1,000, out of the general treas ury, for the purpose, aforesaid. Resolved, that the persons chosen by any of the towns, to sit in the Assembly at the October session, the electors of whom, had not subscribed tbe test, be not allowed to take their- seats at the said session of the Assembly ; but that the said towns proceed, at any day before the 15th of October next, in the election of new members, according to law ; and that this act be published in the Newport Mercury, and Providence Gazette, Whereas, the committee appointed to proportion the salt be longing to this state, to the several towns within the same, laid before this Assembly, the following report, to wit : Proportion of Salt to the several Towns in the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Inhabitants. Newport - 5,299 Providence 4,355 New Shoreham 478 Charlestown 1,835 Johnston - 1,022 East Greenwich 1,664 Barrington 538 North Providence - 813 Bristol - - 1,067 Portsmouth 1,347 Exeter - 1,982 Cranston - 1,701 Bushels. 763 6-8 629 7-8 68 7-8 264 7-8 147 3-8 239 4-8 77 3-8 117 4-8 153 4-8 193 5-8 2S5 4-8 244 7-8 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 617 South Kingstown Coventry - RichmondLittle Compton - Tiverton - - Wajwick - Warren - Scituate - Cumberland - WesterlyGlocester West Greenwich HopkintonSmithfield JamestownMiddletown North Kingstown Inhabitants. 2,779 2,300 1,204 1,302 2,091 -2,376 1,005 -3,289 1,686 -],S24 2,832 -1,653 1,845 -2,781 322 - 860 2,761 54,715 Bushels. 400 4-8 288 3-8 173 1-8 187 5-8 301 4-8 .342 5-8 144 6-8 473 3-8 243 7-8 262 3-8 407 6-8 238 1-8 265 4-8 400 4-8 40 4-8 123 6-8 397 7-8 7,875 4 Total - - - 7,879 We suppose it must lose more than the allowance made. The above is the proportion of the salt, as calculated by — NATHANIEL MUMFORD, THOMAS GREENE, GIDEON MUMFORD. Providence, September 7, 1776. And the said report being duly considered by this As sembly, — It is voted and resolved, that the same be, and hereby is, accepted. Voted and resolved, that the following accounts be paid out of the general treasury : vol. vn. 78 618 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. 618 Bills to be Paid. £ s.d. Thomas Sheffield, for victualling the militia ih Kings county 5 13 03 Capt. Joseph Noyes, expense for watching the shores in Westerly - 15 00 00 " " " " of a guard at W'atch Hill, in " 14 Ot 00 Nicholas Davis and others, for watching the shore in Charlestown 12 12 00 Robert Brown, for watching the shore in North Kingstown 37 12 00 Thomas Greene, for adjusting the accounts of the commissary 34 04 06 Nathaniel Mumford, for the same, and for attending the General Assembly, ^9 11 08 Gideon Mumford, " " » " " - 2113 11 Thomas Allin, for iron-work on field carriages - 25 11 10 Jonathan Pierce, for iron-work on two field-pieces 44 01 04 Cromel Child, for materials for iron-work on field and ship gun-carriages, 321 19 11 Benjamin Man, for cannon-shot delivered to Eseck Hopkins Isaac Corey, for billeting, ferriage for minute-men and for materials for barracks on Rhode Island William Bradford, Charles Holden and John Brown, for expenses in going to Newport, to place twenty-seven cannon from Furnace Hope Ray Sands, for expenses of guard on the shores of Boston Neck John Coon, for time and expenses in taking care of a sick soldier Thomas Allin, for his services as captain of minute-men, and of those under him, on Prudence Island 7 04 00 God save the United States of America. Resolves of the Continental Congress, calling upon certain States to raise additional Troops. In Congress, September 3, 1776. Resolved, that three more battalions be ordered from Virginia, to reinforce the army at New York. That two of the North Carolina battalions be ordered to march with all possible expedition under the command of Brigadier Gen. Moore, to reinforce the army at New York. That it be recommended to the Assemblies and Conventions of the several states to the northward of Virginia, immediately to send all the aid in their power to the army at New York. That one of the Continental battalions in Rhode Island, be ordered immediately to march to reinforce the army in New York. That it be recommended to the A:sembly of Massachusetts, to send to Rhode Island a battalion of their mihtia to supply the place of the Continental battalion or dered from thence. By order of Congress, JOHN HANCOCK, President. 44 03 06 83 02 00 5 17 00 12 09 01 35 08 03 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 619 John Hancock, President qf the Continental Congress, to the General Assembly of Rhode Island. 619 Philadelphia, September 3d, 1776. Gentlemen :^Our enemies being determined to make a powerful attack on New York, and the states adjoining thereto ; and having for this purpose, collected their whole force, from every part of the continent, it is incumbent on the United States of America, to take the most effectual measures to defeat this deep laid scheme against their country. The Congress have just received information from General Washington, of the very great and superior strength of the enemy ; and if we consider the recent change in the situation of our affairs at New York, we shall soon be convinced that nothing will prove an adequate remedy in our present circumstances, but the most vigorous exertions on our part. I am therefore, by order of Congress, to request you will immediately send all the aid in your power to our army at New York. The state of our affairs is so extremely critical, that delay may be attended with fatal consequences. Suffer me, therefore, to press you, in the name and by the au thority of your country, to an immediate compliance, and with all the earnestness so naturally suggested by the importance of the cause. Although I doubt not your own ardor would be a sufficient stimulus when called on by the voice of liberty ; yet my anxiety is so great, I cannot refrain, on the present occasion, from beseeching you to exert yourselves. Every thing is at stake ; our religion, our liberty, the peace and happiness of posterity, are the grand objects in dispute ; which, that we terrupted to preserve and transmit to future generations, is the constant and unin- may be able wish of, gentlemen, — Your Honors' most obedient and very humble servant, JOHN HANCOCK, President. To the Hon. Assembly of Rhode Island. The Governor of Rhode Island to Gen. Washington. Providence, September 6th, 1776. Sir :— The necessity which caused the unexpected evacuation of Long Island, hath alarmed the General Assembly of this state ; as it seems that communications cannot be kept open with an island where the enemy's ships can approach. This hath filled us with apprehensions for the town of Newport and the island of Rhode Island, which are of so great importance to this and the other United States. Upon which, the Assembly have thought proper to appoint John Collins, Joshua Babcock and Joseph Stanton, Esqs., a committee, to wait upon Your Excellency, to acquaint you with the state of this government, and to confer with you upon the best measures to be taken for its defence ; and with respect to the island of Rhode Island, I beg the favor of Your Excellency to treat them with the most entire confidence, and have no doubt but that the same disposition which hath always induced you to manifest your regard to this state, will induce you to give us your best advice and assistance. Upon receiving information ofthe landing ofthe enemy upon Long Island, and a 620 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. letter from Gov. Trumbull, acquainting us with your request, that a body of men might be thrown upon the east end of that island, this state ordered the whole brigade, with the two gallies and a sufficient quantity of provisions and ammunition, to pro ceed to that island, and ordered them to be re-placed by the militia of the state. We exerted ourselves to get them in readiness ; and some of them were under orders to proceed ; when we received the most uncertain and aggravated accounts of the evacuation of Long Island, which occasioned us to stop the men, until we could receive intelligence to be depended upon, which we did not gain until the last evening. I be" leave to observe to Your Excellencv the advantages that mav accrue to the common cause, from the several states having early and authentic intelligence of all matters of importance, that shall happen, and to request Your Excellency to favor us with accounts of every thing material. I have the honor to be, With everv sentiment of esteem and respect, sir, Your Excellency's most obedient, humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To His Excellency General Washington. The Governor of Connecticut to the General Assembly of Rhode Island. Lebanon, September 9th, 1776. Gentlemen : — The vast importance of preventing the ministerial army taking the benefit of the stock on Long Island, and availing themselves of the advantage of that post, assisting such of the inhabitants to remove with their effects who are disposed for it, and prevent their total seduction, I apprehend are matters of more conse quence to the common cause, than we can easily imagine. To dislodge that army from Long Island, and destroy the two ships and tender in the Sound, which at pre sent prevent supplies that way by water, to our army, might .at one blow, in a great measure, relieve our bleeding country from its impending danger. How far it would be practicable, or what measures are proper to take at this alarming crisis, is matter of serious concern with us. It is supposed here, that in case an attempt should be made to collect a force at the east end of Long Island, to remove stock, &c, that a number of whale-boats would be absolutely necessary to troops, stores, supplies, &c, as they might avoid all the vessels of force, the enemy could send to obstruct us. I am informed that a large number of whale-boats that belono- to the continent are at, and near Boston, and might be'used for that important purpose ; we have but very few with us. I am also informed that a regiment is ordered from you, to Providence, to re-place the Continental battalion removed from the state of Rhode Island ; and whether your regiment could not come in the whale-boats to Providence, carrying them across the land at Buzzard's Bay, is, I apprehend worthy of your consideration, and to be executed without delay. We are equipping what naval force we have, with all possible expedition ; we are exerting ourselves, and desirous to unite our whole strength with the other states in our common cause. I don't doubt of your utmost attention and most vigorous 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 621 exertions therein ; must entreat your answer to this, and such other measures as you judge maybe beneficial. I have communicated to Governor Cooke on the subject. I am, with great truth and esteem, gentlemen, Your obedient, humble servant, JONA. TRUMBULL. To the Honorable General Assembly, of Rhode Island. The Governor of Connecticut to the Governor of Rhode Island. Lebanon, September 9th, 1776. Sir : — Since my last, I have made inquiry what naval force can be had in this state to assist in an attempt to clear the Sound of the enemy's ships ; and find we can soon have a ship mounting twenty guns, nine-pounders, and a brigantine of sixteen guns, ready for that service ; we could also add another brigantine, of eight guns, could we procure cannon to put upon her, besides our gallies, which we hope may be able to join them. I persuade myself you are advised of the present situation of our army and the enemy ; from which it will appear how much it imports the success of the army under Gen, Washington, as well as the safety of these states, to achieve this enteprize. Could Commodore Hopkins be prevailed upon to join the force under his com mand, with your gallies and such naval force as your state can furnish to our ship, brigantine and gallies, I flatter myself it would be sufficient to effect the purpose in tended; if greater force should be thought necssary, there are two privateers in the harbor of New London, that may be had, to assist them. Permit me to request your attention to this subject, and your answer by the return of this express ; and to assure you — I am, with the greatest respect and esteem, Your obedient, humble servant, JONA. TRUMBULL. To the Honorable Governor Cooke. The Governor of Rhode Island to Governor Trumbull, of Connecticut. Providence, September 10th, 1776. Sir : — Your letter to Gov. Cooke, by express, came to hand this evening. His Honor being in the hospital, makes it necessary for me to inform you, that a Council will be held at Newport on Thursday morning at 10 o'clock, to take the necessary steps to forward one or both regiments with all possible dispatch. The Council will ac quaint you by express of the measures taken. In the mean time, I beg leave to refer you to Governor Cooke's letter, for a state ofthe naval forie of this state ; and am, with great respect, sir, Your honor's most obedient, humble servant* To the Honorable Governor Trumbull. * Tbis letter and the one of the 14th of September, 1776, written to Governor TrumbuU are both unsigned by the person who wrote them. Gov. Cooke was sick at this time. 622 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. The Governor of Rhode Island to the General Assembly of Massachusetts. Newport, September 13th, 1776. Gentlemen : — The Most Honorable the Continental Congress having ordered one battalion of their troops stationed here, to march immediately to New York, and in formed this state that they recommended to you to re-place the same with a regiment of your militia, the general committee appointed to act during the recess ofthe Gen eral Assembly, have exerted themselves to get that battalion in readiness to proceed with the greatest expedition ; part of which will march to-morrow, and the remainder the next day. The committee have appointed Col. Church, who will deliver you this, to make application to you to send forward the said regiment as soon as possible. Mr. President Hancock having also written in the most pressing terms to this state, to afford all the aid in our power to the army at New York, the committee have recommended to Col. Richmond to hold the other Continental battalion in this state in readiness to march at a moment's warning. And he will accordingly march with it as soon as he receives authentic intelligence that the regiment of militia from your state, shall enter into this. They have also ordered a battalion, to consist of seven hundred militia, to be immediately raised, to supply the place of one of the Continental battalions, removed. I have no doubt of your compliance with the application of Col. Church, and beg leave to subscribe myself,— Writh great respect and esteem, gentlmen, Your most obedient and most humble servant, NICHOLAS COOKE. To the Hon. General Assembly of Massachusetts Bay. The Governor of Rhode Island to Governor Trumbull, of Connecticut. State of Rhode Island, &c, ¦> Bristol, September 14th, 1776. } Sir : — Governor Cooke having entered the hospital for inoculation, it becomes ne cessary for me to acquaint Y^our Honor that I laid your letter of the 9th instant be fore the committee, appointed to act in cases of emergency, during the recess of t! e General Assembly, upon which Commodore Hopkins also attended. It is with pain I inform Your Honor that it is not in the power of this state to afford such assistance to the naval power of youi state as would make an attack upon the enemy's ships in the Sound in any manner advisable. The two gallies and the Alfred, which is not a quarter manned, constituting the whole force in this state. The Congress have ordered one of the Continental battalions stationed here, to march to New York ; and recommended it to the Massachusetts Bay to supply its place with a regiment of their militia. Part of the former will proceed this day, and the remainder to-morrow. In this great crisis, the committee not having it in their power to afford so speedy an aid in any other way, have requested Colonel Richmond, who commands tbe other Continental battalion in this state, to hold it in readiness to march at the shortest notice ; and he accordingly will proceed with it to New York as soon as he shall receive intelligence ofthe arrival of the regiment from the Massachusetts in this 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 623 state ; to make application for which, the committee have deputed one of their members. To re-place Col. Richmond's battalion, the committee have ordered a body of seven hundred militia to be immediately raised and equipped. I have the honor to be, with great esteem and respect, sir, Your most obedient and most humble servant. To the Honorable Governor Trumbull. General Washington to the Governor of Rhode Island. Headquarters, at Col. Morris's House, ) September 17th, 1776. £ Sir: — I received the honor of your favor of the 6 th inst., by Messrs. Collins, Bab cock and Stanton, and should have acknowledged it before now, had I not been pre vented by the peculiar situation of our affairs. I communicated my sentiments to those gentlemen upon the subject of your letter, and the several propositions that were before me, who, I doubt not, will make a full and due report of the same to you and your Honorable Assembly. However, I shall take the liberty of adding, that the divided state of our army which, when collected in one body, is inferior to that of the enemy ; their havino- landed almost the whole of their force on Long Island, and formed a plan of cutting off all communication between that and the city of New York, which we had but too good reasons to believe practicable and easy to effect with their ships of war, made it necessary and prudent to withdraw our troops from the former, that our chance of resistance and opposition might be more probable, and likely to be at tended with a happy issue. I feel myself much concerned on account of your apprehensions for the town of Newport and the island of Rhode Island ; and should esteem myself peculiarly happy were it in my power to afford means for their security and that of the state in gen eral ; or to point out such measures as would be effectual for that purpose. But cir cumstanced as I am, it is not possible for me to grant any assistance ; nor can I with propriety undertake to prescribe the mode which will best, promote their defence. This must depend on such a variety of circumstances, that I should suppose you and the Assembly, who are in the state, will be much more competent to the taski than what I or any person out of it, can be ; and therefore I can only recommend that you will pursue such steps as you, in your judgment shall think most conducive to that end ; observing that it appears to me a matter of extreme difficulty (if prac ticable,) to prevent the enemy's ships doing damage to every island accessible to them, unless the passes between them and the main are so narrow as to oblige them to come near such batteries as may be erected for their annoyance, on commanding groun d. I cannot sufficiently express my thanks for the readiness you and your Assembly mani. fested in ordering troops, &c, to Long Island, on hearing of my request to Gov. Trum_ bull upon that subject. At the time that I made it, I conceived the plan of much import, ance ; and that many valuable and salutary consequences might have resulted from it. But as things have undergone a material change since, it may not be improper to consider, and be satisfied of some facts which ought to be clearly known, previous to any attempt to carry it into execution, and on which the success of it will greatly depend ; such as an entire conviction of the friendly disposition of the inhabitants on the island ; the number that would join the troops that might be sent over ; the 624 RECORDS OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND [1776. length they would go ; the support they would and can give, and whether a retreat from thence, could be safely effected in case it should be necessary. These matters, and others, which a more minute consideration of the plan will present to your view, should be well weighed and digested, and which I thought it my duty to mention, especiaUy as the scheme had originated with me. My anxiety and concern for the inhabitants at the east end of the island, who have been repre sented always as friendly, and well attached to the cause of the states, prompt me to wish them every assistance ; but if the efforts you could make in conjunction with Governor Trumbull, would not promise almost a certainty of success, perhaps they mi^ht tend to aggravate their misfortunes. The committee stated sundry propositions respecting this expedition ; such as if any thing was attempted, where a stand should be made ? This must be left to the discretion of those who command ; nor can I spare an of ficer for that purpose, or recommend one. What number of men should be sent, and what proportion from the Massa chusetts ? The number necessary will depend upon the force they will have to oppose, and the assistance they would derive from the islanders ; the proportion from the Massa chusetts on the will of the legislature, or voluntary engagement of the people in the service. What artillery should they have ? I am of opinion the artillery >would be subject to loss, without any great advan tage resulting from it. They also asked, whether any frigates should be sent, &c. As the enemy have now the free and entire command of the Sound ; and in any ships of war in it, they will be much more liable to be taken, than they would have been some time ago, and when it was proposed by Governor Trumbull to make an attempt upon the ships above Hell Gate. In this instance, however, I do not con ceive myself at liberty to say any thing peremptory one way or the other, having no power over the frigates. I am sensible of the force of your observation, that the common cause might be benefitted by the several states receiving early and authentic intelligence of every material occurrence. Permit me at the same time, to assure you, that I often regret my incapacity in this instance ; and that the neglect does not arise from want of in clination or through inattention, but from the variety of important matters that are always pressing upon, and which daily surround me. Before I conclude, I shall take this opportunity to inform you, that having received certain information that the enemy's plan of operations was to pass from Long Island and land in our rear with their army, to cut off all communication with the country, and for which they were making every possible disposition ; a council of general of" ficers determined last week on a removal of the army from the city, in order to pre" vent the fatal consequences which must inevitably ensue, if they could have exe cuted their scheme ; resolving at the same time, that every appearance of defence should be kept up till our sick, ordnance and other stores could be removed. This was set about with the greatest industry, and as to the sick, was completely effected ; but on Sunday morning, before we had accomplished the removal of all of our cannon, provisions and baggage, they sent the ships of war up the North River, whereby the water carriage was totally stopped, the ships anchoring not far above the city ; and about eleven o'clock, those that were laying at Turtle Bay, or rather below it, in the East River, being six or seven in number, besides some trans- 1776.] AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 625 ports, began and continued for some time a most severe and heavy cannonade, to scour the ground, and cover the landing of their troops. I had gone the night before, to the main body of the army, which was posted on the plains and heights of Harlem, apprehending from many uncommon and great movements among the enemy, that they meant to make an attack then, that night or to land on the east side of Harlem River. As soon as the firing began, 'I rode with all possible despatch towards the place of landing, where breast-works had been thrown up, and to my great surprise and mortification, found the troops that had been posted in the lines, retreating with the utmost precipitation and disorder ; and those ordered to support them, notwithstand ing the exertions of their Brigadiers Parsons and Fellows to form them, running away in the most disgraceful and shameful manner ; nor could my utmost efforts rally them, or prevent their flight. This scandulous conduct occasioned a loss o*- several tents and other baggage, which otherwise would have been easily secured The remainder of the troops that were in the city, got out, and the retreat of the whole was effected with the loss of but very few men ; not more than three or four, that I have heard of, were made prisoners, and only one or two killed. I am now encamped on the heights, abovementioned, which are so well caculated for defence, that I should hope, if the enemy make an attack, and our men will he- have with tolerable resolution, they must meet with a repulse, if not a total defeat. They advanced in sight yesterday, in several large bodies, but attempted nothing of a general nature ; though in the forenoon, there were some small skirmishes be tween some of their parties and detachments sent out by me, in which I have the pleasure to inform you our men behaved with bravery and intrepidity, putting them to flight when in open ground, and forcing them from posts they had seized two or three times. From some of their wounded men which fell into our hands, the ap pearance of blood in every place where they made their stand ; and on the fences they passed, we have reason to believe they had a good many killed and wounded though they did not leave many on the ground. In number, our loss was very inconsiderable ; but in the fall of Lieut. Col. Knol- ton, I consider it as great, being a brave and good officer ; and it may be increased by the death of Major Leitch, of the Virginia regiment, who unfortunately received three balls through his side. Having given you a summary account of the situation of our affairs, and in such manner as circumstances will admit of, I have only to add, that— I have the honor to be, with sentiments of the highest esteem, sir, Your most obedient servant, GEORGE WASHINGTON. To Governor Cooke. P. S. The committee have expressed their apprehensions of being obliged to abandon the island of Rhode Island and Newport, and requested my opinion. At present, I can see no cause for it ; and the propriety of the measure, must depend upon circumstances. But I should suppose they ought to be very pressing, and the necessity great, before they ought to be given up. Most certainly no imaginary ills or necessity should lead to such a measure. At this time, the danger can only be ideal ; and if the enemy persevere in their plans here, and our men behave as they should do, I am persuaded they will not have an opportunity to employ their atten tion elsewhere, this campaign. vol. vii. 79 GENERAL 1NDKX- Aborn, Anthony 248 John 458 Samuel 44, 105, 534 Adams, John 297 Samuel 230, 293, 2.97 Adqueneset 452 Albro, jMmes 363, 366, 442 Aldrich, Caleb 4, 12, 26 Jacob , 257 Thomas 41 William 323 Alexander, Henry 599 Almy, Gideon 250, 511. John 3, 11,25,43,204, 453 Joseph 359 Allegiance, act of, to the King of Great Britain, repealed ... 522 Governor Cooke's letter to General Washington, relative to 545 act relative to, passed in 1776 566 Allen, George 366 George B 576 John 489 John, son of Jonathan 27 Mathew 322,438 Noel 357 Paul 20, 207, 285, 404 Samuel 4, 12, 50, 279 Samuel, 2d 6, 26 Thomas, 205, 241, 244, 279, 308, 351, 479, 519 Viall 351, 366, 519 William, son of William 366 Amadown, Philip 256 Andrews, John 44, 149 letter relative to the Gaspee 158 deposition relative to do 171 Zephaniah 6, 234 Angell, Daniel 351, 519 Enoch 39 Israel 322 Jesse 519 Hope 39,244 John, son of Stephen 558 John 323,436 Col. James 273, 310, 415, 466 Job 591 Angell, James, Jr .- ; 598 Nathan 175 Anthony, Abraham -. . . .576 Burrington 349, 359 Joseph 346, 352 Aplin, Joseph 36, 197, 468 Appeals to Great Britain, from judg ments of court, forbidden 33 act regulating, repealed 355 Arms, committee to take an account of all in tbe colony 356 act for puichasing 477 Army of observation, secretary of 339 rules and orders of 340 to be under the command of the commander in chief in Massachu setts 355 Arnold, Aaron 350, 517 Benjamin 31, 248, 473, 520 Caleb 205, 394 David 439 James. ...... .4, 25, 243, 312, 510, 516 James, son of Elisha 6 Col. James, Jr 402, 577 Josiah 381. Jonathan . . .20, 205, 282, 285, 473, 582 Joseph, son of Caleb 324 Luke 359 Oliver 5. 242, 393, 520 Peleg 359 Philip, sou of James 436 Stephen 4, 11 declaration relative to riot in Provi dence 303 Satnuel G., note from his history of Rhode Island, relative to the Gas pee 69 Thomas 410,446,600 Welcome 44, 475, 494, 576 William 52, 359, 366, 393, 420 Ashe, John 301 Aston, Jeremiah 591 Atwell, Amos 20, 363, 510; 615 AylwortE, Judiah 511, 562 Auchmuty, Robert 108, 123 Austin, Daniel 576 David 556 628 GENERAL INDEX. Austin, Jeremiah 350, 359 Babcock, Gideon 349, 53G Col. Henry 446, 490 dispute concerning rank . . . .A 468 conduct to be investigated 473 to be continued in command . . .477, 498 instructions to 498 dismissed from his command 537 Ichabod 562 Joshua, 204, 240, 313, 852, 478,'511, 514 Oliver, Jr 518 Pdeg '359 Samuel 44, 511 Bacon , David 51 6 Elijah 6 Badger, Jonathan 20 Bailey, Lemuel 357, 437, 599, 600 Richard 277, 363, 511 Richard, Jr 313 Samuel 366 William 518 Balch, Joseph 322 Balfour, Andrew 431 Ballou, Benjamin 600 Ezekiel 278 Levi 351 Reuben 600 Simeon 517 Bancker, Gerard 287 Bancroft, George, furnishes documents relative to the Gaspee 57 Bannister, John 53, 474, 565 Baptists in Cranston, lottery to build a meeting house 21 in Providence, authorized to sell land, 222 Barber, Caleb 205, 241 Daniel 4, 12 Daniel, Jr 575 John 379 Moses 5, 13, 27, 45, 206, 242 Nathan 591 Barberry bushes, act to destroy 54 Bardin, Charles , 97 Barker, Elisha 266 James 43, 204 John 4, 244, 308, 356, 490, 601 Joshua 44, 511 Peleg 239 Barnes, Samuel 391 Barrington, act to incorporate tbe town of 15 petition of inhabitants of, to be set off to Warren 28 lottery granted to repair Congrega tional meeting house in 49 proceedings of, relative to the duty imposed on tea 279 Bartlett, Josiah 300 John 438,570, 599 John, Jr ' 456 Rufus 479 Barton, Joseph 324 William , 359, 366, 403 Barton, William, resigns his command, 491 major of brigade 519, 538, 600 committee of inquiry on 561 Bates, Jonathan 57o Jonathan, Jr 324 Nathan 350 Battey , William 381 Beale, Richard 569, 603 Beaver Tail, fort to be built at 513 Belcher, Joseph 13, 866, 510, 576 Joseph, Jr 436 William 487, 600 Belknap, Abraham 5 Jeduthun ..241 Beneficent Congrega'l Society, Provi dence, charter of 20 Bennett, Abel 244 Asa 518 Asaph 366 Christopher 323 Job 3 J. C 176 Berry, Peleg 403, 599 Beyerly, John 12 Biddle, Edward 301 Bills of credit, see paper money. Bissell, Samuel 324 Thomas, Jr 349 Black, Samuel 323, 590 Blackmar, Nathaniel 325, 456, 600 Bland, Richard 226 Bliss, Brenton 600 BHven, Isaac Ross 532, 600 Joshua 436 William 349,516 Block Island, see New Shoreham. Blodget, William, secretary of the ar my of observation 839 Brvmm, Simon 287, 298 Bollan, William 307 Bonamy, Peter 493 Borden, Benjamin 591 Ichabod 26 Joseph, deposition relative to the Gaspee 1 35 Stephen 349,437 Borland, John 377, 394, 556 Boston port bill, resolutions relative to, 249, 257 proceedings of Newport, relative to. .281 Providence " 280. 282 correspondence of committee of va rious towns, in relation to . . 289 to 295 subscription for the relief of the peo ple of .303 Bosworth, Edward 50, 279, 512, 541 Benjamin, 315, 356, 359, 373, 387, 615, 566 Samuel 351 , 438 Boundary line (northern), memorial of Moses Brown on 8 committee to draw up a state of the case of 34 Bourn, Benjamin 600 Shearjashub 463, 511, 601 GENERAL INDEX. 629 Bours, John 240 Samuel 53 Bowen, Aaron 27, 45, 206 Benjamin 20 Ephraim 20, 39, 823 narrative of the destruction of the Gaspee 68 Israel 205, 240, 453 Jabez, 20, 40, 241 , 314, 371,417, 514, 601 Joseph 600 Smith 351, 518 William 20 Bowdoin , James 297 Bowers, Jerathneel 230 Bowler, Aaron 93, 98, 136 Charles 356 Metcalfe, 4, 11, 25, 43, 99, 190, 204, 240, 241, 356, 389, 409, 481, 478, 511, 519. letter to the commissioners 132 letter to Virginia 227 letters to Governor Wanton 334 chief iustice 601 Boyer, Stephen 500, 520 Bradfield, Francis 412 Bradford, Daniel 15 William, 44, 190, 205, 240, 313, 347, 426, 441, 452, 491, 510, 549 Brayton, David 245 Brenton, Benjamin, estate of, to be taken possession of 376, 394, 468 estate of, restored 414 Jahleel, estates taken possession of, 876, 394 James 124 deposition relative to the Gaspee affair 128 Briggs, Aaron 93, 98 deposition relative to the Gaspee. . . .136 Cornelius 437 Bristol, proceedings of, relative to the duty imposed on tea 274 British Parliament, resolution relative to the taxes on the colonies, im posed by 246 documents relative to the resistance to the act imposing a duty on tea, etc 272 to 287 proceedings of the people of Provi dence relating to. . . 272 proceedings in Newport 274 Bristol 274 " Richmond 276 New Shoreham 277 Cumberland 278 " Barrington 279 " Providence 280 Parliament, correspondence with, and proceedings of the colonies, on the encroachments of 287, 298 proceedings of New York on 287 " New Jersey on 288 letter from the committee of corres pondence of New Jersey, relative to 289 resolution relative to acts of 324 British Parliament, address from, to the King, on the state of the colonies in America 329 answer pf the King to the same 330 resolution of the House of Commons . . 380 resolutions desiring a, restoration of harmony with , 368 British ships to be supplied with provi sions 438 Brown, Abial, to have a lottery grant, 242, 850, 363,416, 517 Abijah 242 Beriah 5, 206, 241,512 Chad, 5, 13, 27, 206, 241, 314, 511, 514 David .• 4 Elisha 12 George 149, 155, 172 Godfrey 323 Ichabod 44 James 279,285 James, Jr 328 John, 6. 27, 45, 71, 149, 175, 248, 273, 386, 385, 406, 417, 510, 540, 542, 574, 584. sheriff 206, 241 John, Jr 404, 476, 516 Joseph, 44, 149, 248, 371, 396, 402, 406, 409, 417, 426, 440 Moses, 3, 6, 11, 14, 25, 190, 196, 202, 228, 248 memorial of, on northern boundary. . . .8 Nicholas 175, 248, 249, 543 report relative to cannon 417, 464 Nathaniel 308, 315, 479, 514 Robert 315, 378, 416, 514 Rowland 538 Thomas 458 Zephaniah 516, 599 Brownell, Jonathan, 44, 204, 323, 436, 600 Joseph -. 240 Thomas 11, 25, 313,511, 541 Bruce, George 256 Bucklin, Joseph 71, 285 Sylvanus 404 Burlingame, William 517 Benjamin 403 Peter 308 Bull, William 437, 600 Buller, J 165 Burdick, Jesse 591 Weight ,.591 Burnett, Bishop 274 Burr, Ezekiel 20, 412, 576 Shubael 308, 352 Burrill, Joseph 255 James 516 Burroughs, Benjamin 599 Burton, John, Jr 479 Cahoone, Daniel 248 James 470 Cannon, report of com. on the price of. .417 report on distribution of 588 Caple, William J., affidavit, relative to the Gaspee 79 630 GENERAL INDEX. Card, Jonathan 516 Carder, James, Jr 591 Carey, Archibald 226 Silas 242 Carpenter, John 21 Daniel , 381 Ephraim 258 Nathaniel 351 , 518 Carr, Benjamin 380 Benjamin, Jr 866 Caleb 403,456, 599 Caleb, Jr 575 Dabney 226 Eleazer 350, 359 Edward 380 Edward, Jr 591 James 380 James, Jr 380 John 366, 436, 600 Nicholas 380 Samuel 3," 11, 380, 511, 588 Samuel, Jr 591 Carter, John .327, 338, 352, 420, 495, 586 Case, Joseph 476 Joseph , Jr 404 Nathaniel 468 Casey, Samuel 22 Silas 454, 493,568 Cattle, act relative to diseases of 24 to be removed from Block Island. . . .362 to be removed from all islands in the colony 373 Census of 1 774, report on : 254 table of population 299 1776, committee to take 562 report of committee on 616 Chace, Aaron 399 Abraham 381 Daniel 576 John 438 Samuel, of Maryland 235 Chaloner, Walter. .5, 13, 26, 206, 241, 569 Champlin, Christopher 350 Christopher, Jr 453 George 314, 453 Hazard 600 Jesse 240, -315, 472, 515 Jabez 814, 356, 470, 475, 512, 540 Crandall, Joseph 248 Channing, William 366 Chapman, John 240, 308 Charlestown, militia in, to be divided. .403 Checkley , William, relative to the Gaspee, 87 Cheever, Bartholomew, affidavits rela tive to the Gaspee 78, 169 Child, Cromel. . .4, 318, 421, 453, 489,511 James, 2d 323 Sylvester. . . .44, 205, 241, 409, 441, 511 Christie, Andrews 593 Church, Benjamin 437, 499 Edward 559 Israel 323, 605 Nathaniel 322, 456 Peter 403 Thomas, 4, 12, 44, 205, 240, 244, 312, 322, 376, 414, 462, 510, 601 Clarke, Daniel ' 39 Ethan 358,365 James 124,458 John Innis 39, 314 John 518 Joseph ... .5, 13, 26, 206, 241, 420s 512 Joseph, Jr . . .4 Joshua 5 Jeremiah 555 Oliver 324 Phineas 26, 44 Simeon 378 Simeon, Jr 359, fl8 Thomas 349, 516 Clarke and Nightingale 497 Cleveland, Ambrose, declaration of . . . .395 Clinton , George 287 Coddington, John 511, 541, 562 William 243, 281. 562 Cod-fishery, vote relative to 213 Coffin, Ebenezer 412 Coggethall, Daniel 562, 583 Joseph 597 Thomas 4, 12, 26, 457 Thomas, Jr 518 Cole, Ebenezer 12 Edward, petition and declaration of 375, 382,552 to be arrested 6-58 John, 149f 157, 190, 320, 366, 420, 494, 528 deposition relative to the Gaspee . . . .170 John, Jr 516 Thomas 349, 358 Collins, John, 199, 239, 274, 290,438, 510, 568 Joshua 324 William 517 Colvill, Benedict 517 Peleg 568 Colwell, John 515 John, Jr 314 Commins, Daniel 220 Committee of safety, to make estimates for troops 327 acts and proceedings of 327 Comstock, Adam 538, 599 Gideon 5,26 Job 511 Congdon, James, 3d 420, 475 Joseph 3,11 John 25, 26, 43, 204, 239 Congress at Philadelphia, in 1774, reso- • lutions for calling 246 proceedings of, reported 263 correspondence with the colonies re lative to 296 to 302 of 1775, with instructions to dele gates to . .- 267 thanks of the General Assembly vot ed to the delegates to 369 pay voted to delegates 370 report on claims against 411 address of the colony to 424* of 1776, memorial to 550 resolves of 618 GENERAL INDEX. 631 Cpnnecticut, proceedings of the house of representatives, on the Virginia resolutions 231 correspondence with, on the Boston port bill 294 Continental currency, orders relative to, 370, 374 Continental Congress, see Congress. Convention of colonies in 1 774 ; reso lution for calling 246 proceedings of, reported 263 Cooke, Abraham 457 David 351, 518 Hopkins 52, 146, 558 Isaac 518 John, 240, 250, 308, 313, 356, 366, 466, 511, 514, 519 Nicholas 284, 287, 312, 335, 383 Governor 404, 510, 549, 581, 596 letter to Capt. Wallace of His Maj esty's ship Rose - 338 letters to General Washington, 443, 444, 446, 448, 449, 501, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 545, 578, 619. letter to General Lee 448 to the delegates in Congress, 450, 502, 526 to Thomas Cushing 544 to Lord Howe. 590 Oliver 26, 44 Peter 283 Pardon 359 Robert 517 Silas, Jr 593 Walter 244, 562 William 4, 5, 12 Governor Trumbull 621, 622 Cooke's Fountain Society chartered. . . .222 Cooper, Isaac 475 Moses 12 William ..291 Corlis, George 285, 453 Cornell, Benjamin 591 Ezekiel 44, 240, 283, 308, 322 Corey, Isaac 250 Philip 51S Thomas 205,441 Council of war appointed 383, 442 general appointed 501, 543 Courtain, Thomas, act to naturalize Coventry, militia in, to be divided, 353, 354 Cowen, John 600 Cozzens, Charles 201 Matthew 593 Crane, Benjamin, declaration of 395 John 308, 322, 399 Stephen 288 Crandall, Caleb 350, 517 John 5,13,27 Joseph 469 Cranston, Thomas 25, 43, 204, 240 Crary, Archibald 194, 324 Crooke, Richard Cunningham 234 Cruger, John 280, 288, 298 Cumberland, proceedings of; relative to the duty on tea ¦ 278 Cjindall, Joseph 44 Currie, David 391 Cushing, Benjamin, Jr 36 Thomas . . .- 230, 262, 293, 297, 544 letter to Gov. Cooke 545 Cutts, Samuel 302 Daniels, David, Jr 256 Dartmouth, Earl of, letter from 64 relative to the destruction of the Gaspee, 103, 186 letters to 222, 233 letters from 305, 306 on the troubles in the British colonies, 331 Davenport, Samuel 576 Davis, Benjamin 308 Jeremiah 517 John 600 Joseph 278, 350, 617 Joshua 815 Jeremiah 350 Oliver 360 AVilliam 470, 555 William, Jr 437 Day, Samuel 366, 517, 600 Dayton, Isaac 5, 45, 206, 241 Benedict 460, 473 Deane, Silas 294, 295 Timothy ...349 Deblois, Gilbert 386, 406 Declaration of Independence, approved of by the General Assembly 581 proceedings relative to 582 DeLancey, James 287,' 298 Delaware, proceedings of, relative to the Virginia resolutions 235 letter from , relative to a congress . , . 302 Demont, John 359 Denoyellis, John 287 Dennison, Joseph, 2d 387 Dennis, John, memorial of, relative to supplies furnished the enemy 399 petition of, relative to the same 401 Thomas 399 Depliance M 443 Derby, Richard, Jr 230 Desertion , act to prevent 353 Deval, Jonathan. .¦ 351 Jonathan, Jr 403, 599 Daniel, Jr 518 Dexter, David, Jr 323, 4S& David , 600 James 278 John, 12, 26, 44. 205. 241, 244, 278, 376, 420, 475, 511, 562 John Singer 324 Knight 5, 6, 13, 27, 45, 206 Samuel 600 Stephen 20 William 20,44 Diamond, Benjamin 437, 599 Dickens, Thomas 379 Dickinson, William, affidavits relative to the Gaspee 82, 166 Digges, Dudley 226, 292 Dillingham, William , 577 632 GENERAL INDEX. Dimon, Benjamin 323 Disorderly houses, act relative to 24 Dodge, Hezekiah 379 Dorrance, George, Jr. , 271 , 323 George 517 Disaffected persons, see royalists. Downing, William 575 Draper, Joseph .....' 609 Drift-ways, act relative to 54 Drown, Solomon 3, 11, 25, 43, 204 Drowne, William 256, 436, 456 Duckett, John 235 Dudingston, Lieut, letter to Governor Wanton, relative to the Gaspee 61 letters to Admiral Montagu 64 relative to the destruction of the Gaspee 86, 99 Dudley, Charles, letter from 92 Dunbar, Robert 575 Duncan, Martha 458 Elizabeth 458 Mary 458 Dunham, Daniel 13, 19, 45, 206, 241 Dunn, Benjamin 72 Samuel ' 4, 75 Durfee, Benjamin 351, 518 Job 313 Oliver 591 Dyer, Charles. . . .349, 366, 403, 575, 516, 590 Christopher 436, 600 Samuel 25, 43, 204, 812 Earle, Catharine 46 John 442 'Ihomas 516 Patrick 97, 141 William 284 East Greenwich Congregational Church in , chartered 271 sends relief to the inhabitants of Boston 303 Eastlick, Isaac 437 Easton, Nicholas, 3, 11, 25, 205, 240, 479, 511 Jonathan 577 Eddy, Bernard 285 David 517 John 350, 517 Richard 205 Eldred, John 12, 380 James 442 Ellery, Benjamin 453 Christopher 12, 26 Wilham, 5, 274, 409, 439, 463, 471,474, 492 delegate to Congress 538 letter to Gov. Cooke 577 Elliott, Robert 472, 500, 571, 600 Ellis, Jonathan 6, 20, 520 John 247 Eslick, Isaac 391 Fales, Nathaniel 15 Farr, Thomas, Jr 232 Farrish, Joseph. 421, 461, 693 Fast day appointed 309 Faukner, Samuel 173 Fenner, Arthur, letter to Governor "Wanton, relative, to the Gaspee . .154 Arthur, Jr 284, 600 Arthur, son of Edward 436, 456 Edward 241, 244, 308 James 518 Jeremiah 511 John 511 Richard, Jr 351,517 Field's Fountain Society, charter of 54 Field, John ' 323 Nathaniel 324 Samuel 350 Thomas '..591 William • 313, 351, 518 Fisher, Hendrick 288 Fisheries, acts relative to, in Warwick. .222 Point Judith Pond 222 Fisk, John 49, 278, 515 Peleg 350, 517 Squire 403, 501, 599 Flagg, Ebenezer 347, 357 Folsom, Nathaniel ". 300 Forrester John 27, 45, 206, 241, 322 Fort George, relative to 207, 230, 262 Foster, Jedediah 230 John 260,501 John , Jr 20 Theodore 562 Fowler, Abel 850 Samuel 290, 510, 541 Thomas 341 Franklin, Abel 379 Asa 247 Benjamin 307 George 379 Nathan. 568 Uriah 568 Freebody, Andrew 605 Thomas, 3, 11, 25, 40, 204, 240, 308, 438, 510 Freeborn, Jonathan 11 , 25, 313 Frost, James 557 Frothingham, Nathaniel 20, 359 Fry, Benjamin 403, 456 Joseph 26, 206 Richard 440, 558 Gage, General 27 Galloway, Joseph 301 Richard 234 Gardner, Benjamin 373, 441 Caleb 201, 403, 456, 599 Christopher 324 Ezekiel 4, 12, 26, 463 Ezekiel, Jr : 359 James 324 Job 313,466 John 26, 44, 205, 538 John, son of John 242 Nathan 465 Nathaniel 350 Nicholas 402 Sylvester, 5, 13, 313, 356,373,421,511.576 GENERAL INDEX. 633 Gardner, Thomas 45, 206, 293 Capt. Thomas 230 Gaspee, schooner, history of the de struction of, with accompanying documents 65 to 192 royal commission of inquiry relative to 108 instructions to commissioners 110 proceedings ofthe commission 120 report of the commissioners to the King, relative to 178 Virginia resolutions relative to 226 Gavet, John 349, 516 George 3d, proclamation relative to the schooner Gispee 107 Georgia, procedings of, and acts rela tive to the Virginia resolutions, 233, 237 Gerry, Elbridge 230 Gerrald, James 516 Gibbs, George 213 Josiah, Jr 437, 452, 599 Samuel 593 Giddinge, John 228, 800 Gifford, David 349, 458, 516 Gilbert, Thomas 395 Gladding, John 180 Nathaniel 600 Timothy 20 Glazier, John 591 Glocester Light Infantry chartered 261 Goddard, John 576 Nicholas 52 Gorton, Benjamin 53, 350, 591 Richard 358 Samuel 52 Thomas, 44, 205, 240, 313, 356, 436, 452, 600 William, Jr 576 GouM, Nathaniel 600 Governor, the office of, declared vacant, 392 Gracie, George 421 Grant, Gilbert 600 Gray, Edward 26, 205, 240, 250 Pardon *¦ 51 5 Samuel 351 Thomas 27, 206, 315, 357, 615 Great Britain, agent appointed to 30 act punishing persons for holding a traitorous correspondence, with, etc 388 act of allegiance to, repealed 522 see British Parliament. act to punish persons who shall ac knowledge the King of, to he their sovereign 585 Greene, Abel 350 Amos, Jr 405, 517 Benjamin, 11, 25, 44, 204,240,244,359. 517 Christopher 7,25,44,322 David 480 Elisha 68 Elisha, Jr 22, 31 Griffin 7, 52 forge of, to be re-built by lottery 242 VOL. VII. 80 Greene, Isaac 13 Jacob, 25, 44, 68, 204, 240, 313, 322, 441, 511 James 20, 39, 207 Job 568 John 7, 52 John, son of David 245 Nathaniel 7,12, 312, 364, 538 Nathaniel, Jr 26, 44, 262, 313, 322 Paul 11 Philip 4, 11 Perry 68 Rufus, Jr., deposition relative to the Gaspee affair 145 Sylvester 558 Stephen 350, 591 Thomas,. .6, 43, 175, 368, 398, 410, 475 William, 41, 52, 204, 240, 441, 453, 511, 582, 600 Grenell, Capt Greenjimelk, James 239 Grecnleaf, Jonathan 230 Grimes, John 347, 361, 410 Gully, Stephen, deposition relative to the Gaspee 133 Gunpowder, act for encouraging the manufacture of 428 Hacker, Joseph 20 Haile, Amos 351 , 518 Coomer 446 Haliburton, John 593, 610 Hall, Benjamin 4 Daniel 245 John, of Maryland 235 Levi 20, 399, 538 William 41, 350,591 Hamilton, George 461 Hamman, Jonathan 6 Hammett, Benjamin 575 Malachi 359,403,599 Hammon, Benjamin 235 Paine 380 Hancock, John 230 president of Congress, letters to Gov. Cooke 507,619 resolves and letter from 618,619 Handy, Charles 53 John 437, 599 Harding, Eleazer 20 Hargill, Christopher 593 Harris, Andrew 360, 453, 511, 601 Caleb 205,418,479 Charles 26,211 David 3, 11, 25,43, 204 Gideon 284 James 26 John 351 John, Jr 518 Jonathan 194 Joseph 358 Henry 5 Harrison , Benjamin 226 Harry, Christopher 46 Hazard , George 25,43 John 239,309 634 GENERAL INDEX. Haszard, Jonathan 363, 511, 541 Joseph 25 Oliver 4 William 4, 12 Hazard, Hassard, Carder, 240, 313, c68, 601 George 3, 25, 43, 204, 240, 601 Joseph 3, 11, 18. 312 Jonathan 243, 562, 577, 582 Stephen 4 Hawkins, Isaiah 38 John 356 Joseph, Jr 558 Nathaniel 243, 324 William 360 Hawley, Joseph 230, 293 Hayward, Ichabod 256 Heath, Peleg 403,456 William 230,293 Helme, James- 5, 215 deposition relative to the Gaspee 172 Rouse J 36, 538 Henry, Patrick 189, 226 Herrenden, Simeon 51 7 Thomas 194 Herring, Newman 404 Herrington, Paul 437 Hewes, Joseph '. . . 301, 453 Hewitt, Robert 600 Hicks, Samuel 599 Highways, act for the repairing of. .41, 222 Hopkins, Alexander 427 Hill, Caleb 52 James 405 Samuel .' 366 Hillsborough, Earl of, letters from . .10, 24 to the Governor of Rhodeisland, rela tive to certain outrages at Newport, 35 Gov. Wanton's letter to 44 Hilyard, David 515 Hinehman, J ohn 288 Hitchcock, Dan'1,149,157, 262,308, 322, 399 Hix, Weston 3,11 Holden, Anthony 256, 349. 516 Charles 453, 562 Charles, Jr 511 John 600 Thomas 31, 313, 324, 558 William 256 Holloway, Joseph 324 Daniel 439 Holmes, John 26 Hollingsworth, Mr 551 Holroyd, William 249 Honeyman, James 564 Hoockey, Daniel W 470, 605 Hood, Samuel 103 Hooper, William 301 Hopkins, Alexander 591 Eseck, 26, 45, 205, 376, 386, 391, 396, 405, 466, 550, 614 Henry 427 Isaac 350,517 Jeremiah, lottery granted tq, to aid in making tire-arms 271 John B 272 Hopkins, Joseph 591 Rufus. .49, 205, 240, 243, 283, 346, 417 Tibbitts 427 Samuel, Jr 26 Stephen. ... 11, 13, 25, 43, 204, 240, 313 report on Narragansett Indians 18 chief justice 206, 241, 314 delegate to the colonial convention in 1774 246,255 makes report of proceedings 263 expenses as delegate to be paid 265 delegate to Congress ot the 10th May, 1775 267 instructions to 267, 526 thanks of Assembly, to 370 pay voted to, as delegate 372 Gov. Cooke's letter to 450. 502 letters to Gov. Cooke 577 Capt. Stephen 599 Zebedee 26 Zebedee, Jr 243, 562 Hoppin, Benjamin 436, 600 Hopkinton, certain highways in, to be altered 193 Horesmanden, Daniel, commissioner on the Gaspee affair 108, 123 report of 182 letters to the Earl of Dartmouth 182, 180 letter to Gov. Tryon 188 Hostilities with the British, committee to prepare an account of 407 Howard, Martin Jr 196 report of committee on damages to, in Newport riot 21 6 William 517 Howe, Lord, letter & proclamation from, 579 answer of Gov. Cooke to 590 Howland, Isaac 380, 466 John 191,308,380 John, Jr 194 Howland 's Ferry, battery to he erected at,440 Hoxie, Benjamin, Jr 44 Gideon 4, 12, 362, 403 John 324,350,575 Joseph 308, 313, 601 Peleg 404, 600 Stephen . . . : 26 Hudson, Stukeley 859 Hull, Benjamin 359 Edward ' 240, 453, 464 Humphrey, Charles 301 Josiah 26, 50, 279 Hunter, William 593, 602 Hutchinson, Gov. Thomas, letter from, 37, 102. 103 estates taken possession of 376 Hyers, John 466 Ingraham, Jeremiah 351 , 518 Joshua 462, 577 Inhabitants in the colony, in 1774, re port on 253, 299 Inman, Ralph 207, 387 Intestate estates, act relative to 24 Irish, George 373, 438, 472, 514 Isaacs, Jacob „ 608 GENERAL INDEX. 635 James, Thomas 518 Jarauld, James 349 Jauncey, James 287, 298 Jefferson, Thomas 189, 226 Jenckes, Daniel 3, 11, 25 Capt. Eleazer 351, 519 John, 43, 204, 240, 313, 386, 441, 467, 496, 510 Jonathan 562 Jonathan, Jr 45, 512 Joseph 404, 479 Stephen 46, 241 Thomas 366,517 Jepsou, John. .44, 204, 210, 312, 473, 601 Jillson, Stephen 457 Johnson, Augustus, claims of, for dam ages by Newport riot 197, 200, 593 reoort of committee on 218 Allen 313, 350, 356, 359, 591 Edmund 324 Isaac 4 John, relative to the Gaspee 79 Samuel 238, 555 Samuel, of North Carolina 301 WiUiam 194 Johnston, militia companies in, to be divided 339 Jones, William 436, 600 Easson, Archibald 315, 859, 515 Keech, Amos, Jr 199 Stephen 603 Keeler, Robert 118, 166 Keene, Charles 20, 207 Kelton, John 410 Kentish Guards chartered 260 officers of 558 Kimball, Asa 356, 436, 613 Stephen 323, 350 King, John, Jr 351 Kingstown Reds chartered 383 officers of 537 Kinnicutt, Daniel 34, 366, 519 Kinsey, James 288 Kissam , Daniel 287 Kinyon, Joseph 366, 517 Phineas 575 Samuel , 44,313 Knight, Edward 351, 518 Jonathan, Jr 517 Joseph 314, 516 Knowles, Hazard 381 Knox, Colonel 508 Ladd, William 322 Langley, Lee 575 Larchar, John, Jr 500 Larkin, John , .479, 512 Lasell, John 367 Lapham Abner 49 Lawton, Jeremiah 4 Lawrence, David 285, 516 Joseph 6,418 Lawton, John 428 Robert 587 Lechmere, Anthony 593 Lechmere, Nicholas 569 Lee, Arthur 307 General Charles 428, 444, 416, 448 Rxhard Henry 189, 226 Leonard, Daniel 230 Lewis, Beriah 359, 404, 517 Elijah 324 Richard ; 350, 517 Thomas 46 Lillibridge, Robert, Jr 99 Thomas 277 Lindsay, Capt. Thomas 69 Linzee, Capt 94, 98 Lippitt, Christopher, 205, 271, 314, 432, 474, 538, 599 letter to Gov. Cooke 595 John 53 William 616 Lisburne 165 Little, Fobes, Jr 518 Littlefield, Caleb 277 John 204, 210, 379 Henry 377 Nathaniel 379 Nathaniel, Jr 380 William 349, 510 Loyd, Edward 235 Lockwood, Abraham 349 Amos 576 Lopez, Aaron 21 3, 462 Lottery granted to build a meeting house for Baptists in Cranston 21 to pave Main street, Providence 36 .to repair road in Smithfield 38 to build a steeple to the Episcopal church in Providence 39 to build parsonage for Presbyterian church in Providence 39 to pave King street, in Newport 48 to repair bridges in Smithfield 49 io repair Congregational meeting house, in Barrington 49 to repair Baptist meeting house, in East Greenwich 52 to build wharf in Warwick harbor. . . .53 to pave Pelham street, Newport 53 to build Presbyterian church, in East Greenwich 193 to build bridge in Glocester 194 to finish meeting house, in Johnston. . 195 to pay for steeple and clock for King's church, Providence 195 to repair road from Uxbridge to Providence 199 to repair Presbyterian church, in Providence 206 to build Baptist church, in Coventry, 220 to Abial Brown, to buy new furniture for his house 242 to build school house in East Green wich 242,245 to aid in re-building the forge of the Greenes, in Coventry 242 to build parsonage house for Baptist church, Pawtuxet 218 to Baptist church, in Providence 248 636 GENERAL INDEX. Lottery granted, to Gideon Almy, to re-imburse him for the loss of his sloop Sally 250 to repair dam on Pawtuxet river 256 to re-imburse Nathaniel Stoddard for his loss of the Sally 263 to Jeremiah Hopkins, to aid him in making tire-asms 271 Lovett, James 6, 36, 175 Low, Anthony 576 John, 204, 240, 242, 243, 313, 480, 515, 605 Lowndes. Raw., letter from, relative to the Virginia resolutions 232 Luther, Martin 452 Lyndon, Josiah 45, 241, 453, 512 Samuel, Jr 19 Macomber, Jonathan 350, 517 Ebenezer 599 Malbone, Francis 453 John 199, 314,450 Man, Benjamin 11, 25, 40, 204, 281 Manchester, Christopher 351, 403, 599 Gilbert 323 Joseph 571 John 349, 516 Mathew 12 Philip 518 Manning, Joseph 20 Manton, Daniel 26 Marchant, Henry, appointed agent to Great Britain 29, 197 attorney general, 45, 206, 241, 376, 426, 471, 512 Martin, John 381 Luther 860 Nathaniel, 27, 45, 205, 241, 453, 490, 514 Philip 600 Simeon 436, 600 Martindale, Capt 425 Sion 323 Marvin, Richard 501 Maryland, letter from the speaker of the house of representatives of 287 Mason, Aaron 285 Benjamin 207 Mary 614 Mason , Noah 6 Massachusetts, proceedings and reso lutions, relative to the Virginia resolutions, and the encroachments of Great Britain 229 correspondence with, in relation to Parliamentary acts 293 letters and resolutions from, relative to a continental congress 296 Matthews, Caleb 000 Mathewson, Abel, 2d 350 Daniel 350, 517 John. .240, 247, 308, 313, 417, 441, 478 John, Jr 350, 359 Josiah 350, 591 Jonathan 427 Richard 394, 453 Matteson, William 6 Mawdfley , John 274, 453, 460 M.iwney, John 72 statement relative to the destruction of the Gaspee 74 Maxson, David 308 Jesse 5, 2il, 515 Jonathan 404, 518 Peter 308 May, Peter 151 Mayes, Samuel 350, 359, 517 McCann, Daniel 316 McKean. Thomas 236, 302 M'Kinley, John 236, 302 Mehelm, John 288 Melville, David 600 Metcalf, Nathaniel 20, 207 Mias, Nicholas 591 Miifflin, Thomas 301 Military defences, report of committee on 492 Military companies, petitions for, re ferred to a select committee 257 Militia, act for appointing a major general 269 act to regulate 269 quota of, for the several colonies 577 Miller, Nathan, 44, 205, 240, 368, 403, 440, 571 William 562 William Turner 244, 322 Millman, Bryant 437 Milward, Stephen 349 Squire 516 Mitchell, Jeremiah 379 John 379 Jonathan 379 Joseph 379 Thomas 379 Moffatt, Dr. Thomas 196, 200 report of committee on his claims for damage by riot in Newport 200 estate of, taken possession of 377, 556 Moore, Charles 301 Montagu, Admiral, letters to, from Gov. Wanton 47, 62 letters to Gov. Wanton relative to the destruction of the Gaspee, 62, 82, 88, 93,101, 113, 118 letters to Lord Hillsborough relative to do 89, 94 letter to the Gaspee commissioners, 130, 140, 143, 15 , 165, 167 Morin, Joseph 476 Morton, John 301 Moss, Philip 469, 540 Mott, Daniel 880 John 379 Mowry, Elisha 314 Elisha, Jr 356, 515 Daniel, Jr., 4, 12, 26,205,243,313,511 ,562 John 404 Mumford, A 303 Benjamin 368 Gideon 194, 30s, 368, 398, 410, 464 Nathaniel 199, 366, 398, 410, 540 GENERAL INDEX. 637 Mumford, Paul 376 Peter 352 Thomas 418 Stephen 519 Munro, Hezekiah 351,517 Naval matters, vessels to be chartered, 346, 365, 383, 405 pay of officers fixed 347 officers apppointed for service 347 resolution urging on Congress the construction of a fleet 369 re-c?.pture of the sloop Polly 391 brig commanded by Capt. Martindale taken 425 acts for fitting out armed vessels, 453, 481, 500, 535, 578, 582, 58b, 588, 603 see also row galleys. Narragansett Indians, report of Ste phen Hopkins on 17 certain lands of Ninegret's to be sold . .46 petition from, relative to their debts and lands 214 resolution relative to lands of 215 Nash, Joseph 258 Negroes, act to prevent the importation of, in the colony 251 Negus, John 453 New Hampshire, resolutions relative to the encroachments of Great Britain 228 proceedings relative to Continental Congress 299,302 New Jersey, letter from thi committee of correspondence of 289 Newman, Augustus, naturalized 271 Newport, act relative to negro servants and slaves in 24 Second Congregational church in, chartered 33, 41 letter from Lord Hillsborough rela tive to outrages at 35 new jail to be built in 40, 46 lottery granted for paving King street in 48 lottery granted to erect new hospital at Coaster's Island 199 Light Infantry chartered 260 First Congregational church in, char tered 271 proceedings of, relative to the duty on tea, imposed by Parliament . . . .274 proceedings of, on tbe Boston port bill 281 correspondence of committee on Bos ton port bill 290, 291 permitted to furnish British ships with provisions 381 prices of cartage and wharfage in, to be fixed by a committee 383 watch to be raised for 469 Light Infantry, officers of 540 officers of militia in (1776) 575 New Shoreham, petition from, for aid to make a harbor 208 New Shoreham, report of committee relative to 212 proceedings of, relative to the duty imposed on tea, by Parliament. . . .277 cattle and sheep to be brought off, 362, 372, 455 account of stock taken from 379 resolutions relative to 563 News Neck 569 New York, proceedings of the colony of, on the encroachments of Parlia ment 287 letter from the speaker of, on do 288 committee of correspondence to com mittee of Connecticut 297 Newman, Augustus 469 Newton, John 576 Nichol, John 569 Nicholas, Robert Carter 226, 292 Nichols, David, Jr 277 Jonathan, Jr 517 William 12, 26, 44, 205, 313 Nightingale, Joseph, 20, 175, 262, 816, 363, 538 Samuel 20, 39, 453 Samuel, Jr 207 Niles, James 46 Paul 5, 12 Samuel 46 Silas 377,489, 556 Ninegret, Thomas 9, 23, 202 North Carolina, acts and proceedings of, on the Virginia resolutions . . . .238 letter from 301 Nurth Providence, authorized to tax certain lands 23 North Providence Rangers chartered. . .268 officers of 55^ Northup, John, 4, 12, 26, 44, 205, 313, 322, 357, 441, 488, 511, 519, 520, 566. Noyes, Joseph, 315,- 408, 453, 511, 514, 541 Oliver, Andrew, estates of, taken pos session of Peter 108, Olney, Christopher 323, Charles Charles, Jr Coggeshall Emor 314,351, Esek Jeremiah 271 , Job 5, 351, Joseph 12,199,314, Samuel 401, Stephen Simeon H Thomas 5, 205,241, 314,453, Thomas, Jr Oneida Indians to be written to Ormsbee, Ezra 366, John Otis, Nathaniel Overing, John Henry 376123538457351323 519 609 323 360 479 519323 .74 512 558 356 f 18 851 351608 638 GENERAL INDEX. Owen, Daniel 813, 453, 611 Solomon 205 Thomas 4 Paca, William 235 Packard, Rhodes 600 Packwood, Captain 59 Page, Ambrose, 175, 284, 312, 366, 392. 415, 467 Benjamin 72, 403, 410, 488 Simeon 510 Paine, Arnold 308, 453 John 379 Robert Treat 297 Stephen 850, 437, 517 Palmer, Philip 599 Walter 403, 599 Paper money, acts relative to, and for the issuing of. 24, 320, 353, 389, 418, 419, 474, 533, 534, 586, 611 act making it a legal tender (1776) . .584 act to prevent the depreciation of . . .591 Parker, James 319, 517, 600 Elisha 599 William 228 Parliament, see British Parliament. Pawtu;ket river, bridge over 38 Pawtucket bridge, appiopriation for ... .46 Pawtucket Falls, allowing rocks to be blown up at 222, 248 Pawtuxet, petition for a new town of. . . .31 Pawtuxet river, fish ways in 7 bridge on the, re-built 31 Pawtu\et Rangers chartered 260 Pearce, Benoni 3, 260 George 12, 26, 44, 515 Jeremiah 456 Job 103 John 599 Loring 600 Nathaniel 51 1 Preserved 205, 240, 303, 393 Samuel, Jr 366 Stephen 600 William 12, 26, 240, 303 Pease, Simon 53, 199, 460 Peck, Jonathan 472 Loring 436 Peckham, Barber. . , 350, 517, 600 Henry 565 John 26 Ruth 576 Thomas , 12, 866, 518 William 404 Pendleton, Ephraim 440, 516 Edmund 226, 546 Joseph 349, 363,401, 516 Joshua 349, 404, 516 John 404, 440 William 575 Pennsylvania, acts and proceedings on the Virginia resolutions 234 proceedings of, relative to u, conti nental congress 300 Perry, Edward 5, 26, 44, 277 Joseph 357 Perry, Simeon i 601 Stephen 205 Peters, Andrew 256 Phetteplace, Ezekiel 350, 517 Philbrook, Elias ,.351, 859 Phillips, Frederick 287 Peter, 44, 205, 240, 243, 312, 322, 510, 520, 537 Samuel, Jr 437,599 Thomas 324 William 280 Phillipse, Fred'k 298 Pierce, Benjamin 486 George, 244, 313, 315, 356, 359, 3-3, 479, 511 Giles 379 Isaac 380 Jonathan 4 IS Job 493 Nicholas 240 Preserved : 4, 12 William 4, 12,243 Pickering, John 228 John, Jr 300 Pilots forbidden to pilot any but colo nial vessels 364 Pitcher, Benjamin 258 Pitman, John 576 Plainfield road to be re-surveyed 211 report of committee on 335 Pojack Point 492 Post offices to be established 352 rates of postage 352 Potter, Anthony : 351, 518 Caleb 12,517 Christopher 511, 562 James 453,466 John : 240,313,478 Josiah 351, 518 Joseph 351,518 Robert ; 242, 349 Samuel 517,591 Samuel, Jr 404 Simeon, 4, 6, 13, 27, 44, 205, 240, 313, 491, 510 Smiting 404,518 Stephen 4, 12,356 Thomas 240, 244, 538 William, son of Ichabod 436 William, son of John 436 William, 4, 26, 239, 245, 308, 323, 350, 360, 465, 510, 520 William (Scituate) 591 protests against the raising of troops, 591 explanation of his protest 348 explanation accepted, and he is re instated 349 William, son of Ichabod 324 Powder, report of the committee to ap portion 309,542 Power, Nicholas 249, 284, 370, 605 Prenet, Mons 443 Prentice, Ichabod 456, 600 Prescott, James 280 Price, Robert Friend 288 Prisoners of war 520 GENERAL INDEX. 639 Privateers, act for fitting out 481, 535 see naval matters. Providence, brick school house to be built in 6 Beneficent Congregational Society in, charter of 20 Episcopal (now St. John's) church in, lottery to build a steeple to, 89, 195 King's (now St. John's) church in, incorporated 198 Presbyterian church in, lottery to alter and repair 206 Light Infantry chartered 247 officers of 247 Baptist church in, lottery granted to, 248 Grenadier Company chartered 260 Train of Artillery chartered 263 Providence Fusileers chartered 264 Charitable Baptist society chartered. .271 Artillery Company chartered 271 Providence Gazette, extracts from , rela tive to the Gaspee Ill, 11J} proceedings of town meeting, relative to the tax on tea, etc., by Parlia ment 272 proceedings of, relative to the Boston port bill 280, 282 proceedings of, relative to a riot 2^2 proceedings of committee of corres pondence of 281, 285 report of committee of inspection .... 285 United Company .of the Train of Ar tillery chartered 309 Captain General's Cavaliers char tered .' 383 Providence United Artillery, officers of 399 Episcopal church, lands belonging to, exchanged 528 Providence Cadets, officers of 538 Providence Artillery Company offi cers of 537 Prudence Island, cattle to be removed from 373 Pullen, William 600 Putnam, Colonel 492 Quacompaug Pond 403 Quansett 493 Ramsdale, Samuel 146 Randall, Job 4, 283, 349, 516 Jonathan 8, 25, 43, 204, 239, 510 John 324 Mathew 351, 518 Nehemiah 430 Randolph, Peyton 189, 292 letter from, with Virginia resolutions,225 Rapaljo, John 287, 298 Rathbun, Samuel 349, 379 8amuel, Jr 516 Walter 240, 277, 379 Rawson, Wilson 437 William 600 Razey, Joseph, Jr 518 Read, Geo., of Delaware 236, 302 Read, John 204, 240, 383 Joseph 600 1 ieuben 517 William 3,, II, 25 Real estates of disaffected persons let out 556 Ralph, Nathan 350, 517 Remington, Gershom '.381 Reynolds, Elisha 22 Henry 575 John 242, 324 Joseph, Jr 600 ¦rjimuel 350 William 22, 33, 349 Zacheus 205 Rhode Island college, petition from, relative to loan 607 Rhoades, Samuel 301 James, 12, 26, 44, 106, 204, 356, 362, , 2--)«37/ 363 , Joseph |,0O. . . 51, 244, 437 Nehemiah 248 Robert 248 Sylvester 520 William 347, 516 Rice, Henry. . .5, 13, 27, 45, 206, 241, 512 John f, 313 Thomas 4 Thomas, son of Thomas 349, 359, 516 Richmond, proceedings of the town of, on the duty imposed on tea 276 militia company in, to be divided. . . .387 Richmond, Barzillai. 160 Ebenezer 437 David 323, 520 Gilbert 436, 600 Peres 359, 479 William, 25, 204, 239, 322, 403, 456, 599 William, Jr 3, 11, 43 Riggs, Abimeleck 500, 699 Robinson, Elihu : 20, 399 Matthew 23 Rowland 12, 26, 43, 204, 465, 556 Sylvester 9, 26, 205, 240, 601 Thomas 236, 802 Hodman, Daniel 205, 662, 601 Samuel 12 Rodney, Cesar 236, 302 Rogers, John 403, 437 Thomas 12 Rome, George, his property taken pos session of, 376, 394, 421, 499, 520, 549 Rose, Ezekiel 380 John 44, 205 Tormut 380 Rose man of war 306 Ross, David 461 George 301 Isaac 350,517 William 194 Row gallies to be built 867, 392 enlistments for 406, 410 officers of 412, 415 Roy, William 517 640 GENERAL INDEX. Royalists, property and estates of, taken possession of 376, 885, 3;7, 402 transfers of estates by them, declared invalid 394 removed 593, 597 resolutions relative to. .569, 603, 610, 611 Russell, Jonathan 20, 352, 516 Joseph 285 William 36, 248, 364, 538 Sabin , James 69 letter relative to the Gaspee 154 Thomas 577 Sachem, Esther 9 petition of 15 Thomas 15 Salt to be imported 441 bounty allowed on 541 report of committee on 553 division of, to towns 564, 616 Sampson, Alexander 20 Sands, Edward 379 Edward, Jr 277, 562 John, 204, 210, 243, 277, 319, 356, 379, 516, 591 Joshua 277, 379, 455 Ray 352, 404, 517, 590, 609 Sandwich, Earl 165 Saunders, Edward 4 Stephen 240, 516 Stephen, Jr 340 Sayer, Joshua 437, 600 Sayles. David 437 John 376 John, Jr 239, 312, 510 Sylvanus 199 Scallion, Mathew 598 Schuyler, General P 509 letter to Gov. Cooke 547 Scituate Hunters chartered 261 Scituate, prooeedings of the town of, relative to the Boston port bill, etc. 283 military companies in, to be divid ed 337, 372 Seabury, Benjamin 323, 347 Seagar, Samuel 349, 511, 516, 541, 590 Seaman, Benjamin 287 Zebulon 287 Martin 516, 562 Sarles, David 600 Sears, George, 462, 463, 510, 514, 544, 562, 582 Sewall, Samuel 377, 402, 536 Searle, James 194 Nathaniel, Jr 4,12 Richard 5, 205, 31 3, 356 Sessions, Darius, 3, 11, 20, 43, 146, 204, 239, 241, 312 letters to Gov. Wanton, relative to the Gaspee 61, 78, 80, 151 deposition of 128, 1 74 protests against the raising of troops, 311 memorial, explaining his protest .... 898 Shattuck, John' 46 Shaw, Sylvanus 323 Sheape, Jacob 228 Shearman, Eber 350, John 240, Benjamin Sheffield, Benjamin Ezekiel George 359, 362, Thomas 850, 517, Sheldon, Caleb Christopher James Roger Stephen 263, Stephen, Jr Shepperdson, Nathaniel 205, Sherburne, Benjamin John Sherwood , Joseph Shippee, Thomas Shoemaker, Jacob Silliman, Ebenezer Simpson, John Jonathan William Brooks Simmons, George 351, Gideon Ephraim Edward Jonathan 323, Peleg, Jr Slack, lienjamin 4, 283, Slaves, see negroes. Slocum, Ebenezer .351, 518, Peleg Samuel 44, Small pox, act permitting the inocula tion of hospitals for Smith, Calvin Christopher Edmund A 456, Isaac 44, 205, James 322, 366, 437, Job 3, John. .".'.' .".'.".".' .6, 39,' 204, 240, 441, Jonathan Martin Nehemiah Oziel 360, Richard, of New Jersey Richard 5,244,373,512, Rufus 4 Royzel 403, Simon 350, Stephen 351, 518, Turpin William Smithfield and Cumberland Rangers . . Smythe. Frederick 109, Snow, Joseph, Jr James Soldiers, see troops. South Carolina, resolution of, relative to the resolutions of Virginia South Kingstown, militia companies in, to be divided 575243576 379370 363562 520248 520 457517283241 . 5 228 .27 511 280 231887 387 .32 518518 518 575 5 19 431 591436 205 559608 256358 599240 517 175 517 510 323 520 517 5172886 5 ,12 599577 600 .72 528519 123 402 516 232 378 GENERAL INDEX. 641 Southwick, Samuel 576 William 358 Spalding, Edward 437, 488 Spencer, Ebenezer 350, 591 Job 243 Michael 350, 437, 591 Spink, Eldred 442 ! Spooner, Charles 19, 540 j Samuel 540 j Wing 575 i Sprague, Daniel, Jr 351, 518 Ebenezer 314, 363 Reuben 358 Springer, Joseph 599 Spurr, John 323 Stafford, Daniel 517 Stutely 516 Stukely, Jr 349 Stanton, Augustus 359, 403, 436 Enoch 457 Joseph 12, 479 Joseph, Jr 356,441, 511, 519, 590 Robert 12, 44, 205, 241, 244 Robert, Jr 200 Staples, Nathaniel 279 Steere, Richard 511 Stelle, Thomas Gordon 53 Benjamin 599 Sterry, Cyprian 323 Stevens, Samuel 599 Stewart, Gilbert 461 Elizabeth 461 Stillman, Joseph 359 Stillwell, Daniel 399, 538 Sterling, Henry 20 Stoddard, Nathaniel, lottery granted, to re-imburse him for the loss of his part of the sloop Sally 264 Robert 58 Stone, Joseph » 22 Streeter, George 517, 600 Sullivan, John 300 General 548 Sunderlin, Daniel 4 Swan, Capt. of Bristol, poem on the Gaspee affair 191 Sweet, George 350 George, Jr 575 Martha 512 Nehemiah 20 Sylvester 25, 41, 512, 516 Thomas 358 William 427 Sweeting, Job 285, 453 Talbot, Silas 358 Tallman, Benjamin 403, 599 Tanner, Abel 5, 12, 26, 44, 313, 356 Taxes, acts for the levying of 35,54,212,258 Taylor, Edward 288 Job 4 Philip 26,453 Robert 399,538 WiUiam 349, 366, 516 Tazewell, John 547 Tefft, Jeremiah 518 VOL. VH. 81 Tefft, Oliver 358 Samuel 511 Thomas 404 William 479 Tenant, George 323 Test of allegiance 567 required to be taken before voting . . . 589 Tew, George 26, 880 James, Jr 436, 599 Paul 5, 13, 27, 206, 241, 512 Thomas 323 Thayer, Increase 256 Simeon 323 William 146 Thomas, Alexander 436, 600 General 547 Samuel, Jr 476 Charles 454 Thompson, David 236 Ebenezer 6, 39, 327, 364, 515, 538 Elias 303 Samuel, Jr 516 Thomas 349 Thornton, Richard 351 Thomas 324 Thurber, Benjamin 248 Edward 248 Martin 516 Thurston , Edward 582 Edward, Jr 243 report on the enumeration of the in habitants ofthe colony 251 George, Jr 351, 518 John 511 Peleg 3 Samuel 9-5 Tilghman, Mathew 235, 238 Tillinghast, Benj 4, 240 Charles 359,576 Daniel 248, 308, 322, 416, 519, 538 Joseph 74 Nicholas Paris 431 Nicholas 260 Pardon 453, 566 Samuel 308 Thomas 44, 205, 011, 515 Tompkins, Samuel 95, 455, 596 Topham, John 323 Toppan, Christopher 228, 300 Tories, see royalists. Tourtellot, Abraham 324, 450 Tower, Benjamin 21, 38 Levi 323, 351,358 Townsend, Solomon, Jr 280 Trade, act to regulate 571 Trask, Ebenezer 517 Treby, Wilkins 576 Tripp, Isaac, Jr 242 Stephen 323 Wilham 575 Troop, Amos 20 Thomas 15 William 600 Troops, order to enlist fifteen hundred. .310 protest of Governor Wanton against the vote 310 64i GENERAL INDEX. Troops, act for embodying fifteen hun dred men 317 votes relative to 327, 410, 415, 432 vote regulating pay of 328 act for enlisting minute men 358 act for enlisting five hundred men . . . 384 ordered to Long Island liOO Truman, Thomas 247, 576 Trumbull, Jonathan, Governor of Con necticut, letters to Gov. Cooke, 620, 021 Tucker, Samuel 28S Tuckey, Joseph 46 Turner Peter 575 I Turtellot, Abraham 600 Two Pollies, sloop, taken by the Span iards, proceedings relative to 259 ¦ report of committee on 260 j Tyler, Moses 279 Isaic 476 William 437 Underwood, Benj., 243, 356, 380, 479, 511, 1 601 : Joseph 380 Updike, John 6, 196 Usher, Hezekiah 431 Vail, Edward 301 Varnum, James Mitchell 257, 322 Vars, John 457, 518, 591 Vaughan, Benjamin 13, 27, 45, 206 Caleb 205, 240 Daniel 148 Jonathan 45, 206, 242, 359 Joshua 576 Joshua, Jr 476 Vernon, Samuel 412 Thomas 56v, 603 William 213, 290, 383, 412 Vessels ordered to be chartered. . . .346, 365 Viall, Samuel 410, 470 Virginia, passes resolutions relative to the royal commission on the Gaspee, 189 proceedings and resolutions of house of burgesses, relative to the en croachments of Great Britain 226 proceedings of, and correspondence with, the colonies, relative to the Virginia resolutions 227 to 239 correspondence with 292 proceedings of convention of, relative to declaration of independence .... 546 Waite, John 359 Telverton 359, 415 Waldron, John 453 Wales, Major 443 Wallace, Capt. of His Majesty's ship Rose, letter to Admiral Graves . . . .306 correspondence with Gov. Cooke, . . . .338 to be supplied with provisions. .381, 389, 459, 460, 461. 513 James 403, 437, 576, 699 Wallen, Jonathan 403, 456, 599 Walton, Jacob 287, 298 Wanton, Gideon 562, 601 Wanton, John. .3, 11, 25,43, 204, 240, 510 John G 199, 420, 474, 534, 608 Joseph, Governor, 3, 11, 25, 43, 123, 204, 239, 312 letter of agency to Great Britain, to Henry Marchant 30 letters to the Earl of Hillsborough 42 letters to Capt. Dudingston 61, 62 letters to Admiral Montagu, relative to the Gaspee, 03, 85, 100, 115, 117, 118 letters to the Earl of Hillsborough, relative to the Gaspee 66, 99 proclamation relative to 81 letter to Capt. Linzee 98 letters to the royal commissioners. . . .116 deposition of, relative to the Gaspee. .160 letter to the Earl of Dartmouth. .222, 233 protests against the raising of troops, 311 resolution relative to acts of, and oath of office forbidden to be given to 325 does not attend the Assembly 326 message to the General Assembly, with Lord Dartmouth's letter and papers from Parliament 333 the speaker's letter to, notifying him of his election as Governor 334 the speaker inquires if he will sign commissions 334 reply to the speaker 334, 335 letter to the General Assembly 336 act suspending him from acting as Governor, continued 355, 372 office as Governor, declared vacant. . .392 resolution relative to 393 sheriff directed to take the charter and papers from 452 dismissal of 460 sheriff takes his papers in his absence, 470 Joseph, Jr 18, 25, 43, 240, 598 Joseph, son of Gideon 19 Petei- 403 Ward, Henry, 5, 13, 26, 190, 199, 206, 241, 228, 274, 290, 389,394, 426, 490, 512, 552, 601. empowered to sign commissions 326 to answer letter to Lord Howe 589 Samuel, a delegate to the convention of 1774 246 reports proceedings of 263 delegate to the congress of 1775, and instructions to 267 letters from, at Philadelphia, thanks of Assembly to 369 pay voted to 372 Gov. Cooke's letter to 450, 502 dies in Philadelphia 529 biographical sketch of 529 certain bills of, paid 565 Samuel, Jr 824 Warner, Nathan 516 Oliver Ring 40, 43, 208 Warren, petition to divide, continued ... 13 Warren, James 293 John 200, 462 GENERAL INDEX. 643 Warren, Joseph 280 Washington, Gen.,latters fromGov. Cooke to, 443, 444, 445, 446. 448, 501, 502, 503, 504, 605, 506, 507, 508, 578, 619. letters to Gov. Cooke, 443, 444, 416, 448, 449, 503, 505, 506, 509, 545, 623 memorial ofthe General Assembly to, 471 committee sent to 471 vote of thanks to 554 Waterman, Abraham 44 Andrew 323, 359, 436, 511 Elisha 21, 38, 351, 359,363,511 James 308 John. .6, 13, 45, 200, 242, 467, 511, 514 Joseph 860 Laban 351, 519 Rufus 614 Zuriel...., 511,541, 562 Watson, Job 858 Moses 599 Weare, Mesbeck 300 Weatherhead, Enoch. . '. 351 Weaver, Joseph 350, 591 Langford 518 Webb, George 276, 308, 313, 356 Weeden, Daniel 381 Daniel, Jr 240, 380 John 453 John, son of Daniel, Jr 591 Wells, Barker 351, 518 Elnathan 351 , 518 James 517 John 359 Randall 351, 518 Stephen 324 Thomas 562, 601 Thomas, Jr., 5, 12, 26,44,240,214,473,512 Thomas, 2d 363, 403 Thomas, 3d 313, 360, 599 Wentworth, John 228, 800 West, Benjamin 20, 437 William, 26, 205, 282,456,467,479,511, 514, 562 letter to Gov. Cooke 468 Westcott, Gideon 518 Westcoat, Ephraim . . . .408, 479, 611, 562 Samuel 412 Zerubabel 22, 403, 603 Westerly, correspondence of committee of, in relation to Boston port bill . .289 taxes of 459 Westgate, George 491 West Greenwich, riot in 427 Wetherhead, Enoch 518 Wetherell, John 288 Whaley, Joseph 476 Wheaton, Ephraim 248 James 516 Nathaniel 248, 285, 528 Whipple, Abraham 72,371, 401 appointed commodore 347 Amos 600 Benajah 350, 517 Whipple, Christopher , .256, 347, 361 Enoch , 194 George 256 Jeremiah 4, 38, 313 Joseph 366, 517 John 528 Otis 256 Stephen '.313, 453 Thomas 26 White, Artemas 257 Whitford, Nicholas 517 Simon 427 Whitman, Jacob 39 Wickes, John 25, 256 Sylvester 349 Thomas. . . .3, 11, 43, 204, 239, 311, 453 Wickham, Benjamin 255 Wightman, George, Jr 397 Jacob 20 Reuben 349, 359, 516 Stephen 575 Wigneron, Stephen 431, 457 Wilbur, Daniel 205, 240, 511 Samuel 350, 591 William 404 Wilcox, Cooke 516 George 575 Hopson 26 Isaac 350 Jeffrey 44, 205, 313 Wiles, Henry 575 Wilkinson, Beojamin 351, 453, 518 Israel 240 Philip 576 Willard, Levy 256 Williams, Daniel 349, 517 Frederick 851, 518 Jacob 436, 600 James 350, 358, 517 Peleg 45, 511 Silas 240, 313 Willis, Henry 379 Henry, Jr. . 379 Wilkins, Isaac 287 Wilkinson, David 327, 495 Wilmarth , Timothy, Jr 520 Wilson, Daniel 244, 256 Winsor, Aaron 859 Abraham . . .5, 13, 26, 45, 206, 350, 517 Anan 437 Stephen 350, 517 William 240 Wonscut Road to be repaired 199 Wood, George 308 Thomas : 44 Woodmansie, John 858 Wright, John, of New Shoreham, to be arrested 540 Wyatt, Stukely 575 Wythe, George 226 Young, Thomas 591 William, of Georgia 237