YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE ZURICH LETTERS. A.D. 1558—1579. V.-. -. iFor tlD^ ilttfiUcation of V^t ffisaorfes of tf^t dFatfjtta anu ©arip asaritere of t^c i^eformeli THE ZURICH LETTERS, cojipnisiNG THE CORRESPONDENCE OF SEVERAL ENGLISH BISHOPS AND OTHERS, WITH SOME OF THE HELVETIAN EEFORMERS, DURING THE EAULY PABT OF THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. TRANSLATED FEOM AUTHENTICATED COPIES OF THE AUTOGHAPHS PBESERVED IN THe' ABCHIVES OF ZURICH, AND EDITED FOB BY THE REV. HASTINGS ROBINSON, D.D. F.A.S. RECTOR OF GREAT WARLEY, ESSEX; AND FORMERLY FELLOW OP ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, M.DCCC.XUI. ,v,SO INTRODUCTION. On the accession of Queen Mary to the thi-one of En gland, A.D. 1553, she proceeded with much severity against the favourers of the Reformation ; of whom upwai-ds of a thou sand persons, according to bishop" Burnet S sought refuge atnong the protestant churches on the contment. Many of them settled at Zurich, where "they were entertained both by the magistrates^ and the ministers, Bullinger, Gualter, Weidner, Simler, Lavater, Gesner, and all the rest of that body, with a tenderness and affection that engaged them to the end of their lives to make the greatest acknowledgments possible for it." After their return home, upon queen Eliza beth's coming to the crown, a. d. 1558, they maintained a close correspondence with their late hosts; and their letters, to gether vyith those of Bullinger, have long been regarded among the principal objects of interest in the Zurich archives. Copies of these letters, or at least of a portion of them, were obtained by Bishop Burnet and Sti-j'pe ; both of whom have made frequent reference to them in their respective works. A few of the letters, chiefly those of Jewel, are printed, though very inaccurately, in the Historical Records appended to Burnet, who has also introduced occasional abstracts into the body of his history. The like may be said of Sti-ype, ^ Hist, of Reformation, vol. ii. p. 388. The names of five bishops, five deans, four archdeacons, and fifty-seven doctors in divinity and preachers, are given by Strype, Life of Cranmer, i. 449. ^ Burnet, as above, iii. 408. Strype adds, that the magistrates offered, by Bullinger, to supply the exiles with such a quantity of bread-corn and -wine, as should serve to sustain thirteen or fourteen people ; but they with thanks refused it. Cranmer, i. 509. via INTRODUCTION. though to a far less extent; so that the collection, as a whole, may be considered as being now for the first time presented to the pubhc. An account of the original autogi-aphs is given by Bur net', who saw them as he passed through Zurich, a. d. 1685. He says, "Among the archives of the dean and chapter there is a vast collection of letters written either to Bullinger or by him: they are bound up, and make a great many volumes in folio ; and out of these no doubt but one might discover a great many particulars relating to the history of the Eeformation. For as Bullinger lived long, so he was much esteemed. He procured a very kind reception to be given to some of our Enghsh exiles in queen Mary's reign ; in particular to Sandys, afterwards archbishop of York, to Horn, afterwards bishop of Winchester, and to Jewel, bishop of Salisbury. He gave them lodgings in the close, and used them with all possible kindness : and as they presented some silver cups^ to the college with an inscription acknowledging the kind reception they had found there, which I saw ; so they continued to keep a constant correspondence with Bul linger after the happy establishment of the Reformation under queen Elizabeth; of which I read almost a whole volume while I was there." A large portion of the letters here referred to are now before the reader, namely, those written dming a period of about twenty-one years from the accession of queen Elizabeth. To them is added a letter of later date, written in 1590, by that monarch to the thirteen Swiss Cantons ; as are also a few letters from Peter Martyr, BuUinger, and Gualter, in reply to some of those of our own reformers above mentioned. 1 See, Some Letters, containing an account of what seemed most remarkable in travelling through Switzerland, &c., by G. Burnet, D.D. to the Hon. R[obert] B[oyle]. Svo. Lond. 1724. p. 63. ^ See p. 135. INTRODUCTION'. IX These last contain the sentiments of these eminent divines upon the questions by which the Church of England was agitated at that period. The copies from which the present collection is printed and the translation made, were procured from Zurich, for his own use, by the Rev. John Hunter, of Bath; who, on hearing of the formation of the Parker Society, with unso licited kindness and liberality immediately placed them at its disposal. The accuracy of their collation with the original autographs is attested by M. de Meyer de Knonau, the keeper of the arcliives, to whose courtesy the Editor is con siderably indebted for much valuable information respecting the letters in question. In a letter, written Nov. 28, 1841, he thus describes their present condition : " You have ex pressed a desire to know in what volumes the letters of your countrjinen are to be found. The greater portion of them is in the archives of the state of Zurich, and the remainder in the library of that city'. The volumes in the archives which contain these letters are all bound in parchment, the margin not ai all cut off, the leaves being filled throughout. On this account it is necessary to handle them with the greatest dehcacy. They are numbered as follows, Class V. i. Nos. 108, 109, 113, 114, 164. The last number has for its title, " English Letters from the Reformation to the 17th century." The letters in the city Ubrary are dispersed through nine volumes, numbered, 38, 39, 42, 46, 56, 57, 60, 61, 62, and are in the manuscript class F. They are also bound in parchment, as the volumes in the archives, to which they bear a great resemblance. Almost all these letters are origi nal, and with the exception of those of Richard Cox, F. Bedford, and the duke of Norfolk, who have only added their ' M. de Meyer de Knonau here refers to the whole of the Letters, including those 'written before the accession of Queen Elizabeth, as well as those contained in the present volume. INTRODUCTION. signatures, are in the handwriting of their respective authors. That of queen Elizabeth is only a copy'." M. de Meyer de Knonau has kindly favoured the Society with accurate fac-similes of the signatures, copies of which will be found in a subsequent part of this volume, and are presented to the reader, not only as being interesting in themselves, but also as affording additional evidence, if any were needful, of the authenticity of the documents from whence they have been taken. These fac-similes include some names which are not found among the letters of the present series ; but as many of them are common to these letters and to an other series, which will also form a volume of the pubKcations of the Parker Society, it has appeared desirable to present the whole at one view- With respect to the translation, it has been the object of the Editor to make it as plain and literal as the difference of idiom will, admit, and thereby to convey to the mind of the reader the very thoughts and modes of expression in tended by the respective writers. How far h& has succeeded in this endeavour, the classical reader wiQ be enabled to judge for himself; and he may be encouraged to make the ¦" Vous avez exprime le desir de savou- dans quels volumes se trouvent les lettres de vos compatriotes. La plus grande partie en est dans les Archives de I'e'tat de Zurich, et les autres a la bibliotheque de la ville. Aux archives les volumes qui les contiennent sont tous relics en parchemin, et la marge n'en est point du tout rognee, les feuilles e'taut remplies jusqu'an bout. Par cette meme raison, il faut les traiter avec la plus grande delicatesse. lis sont numerote's de la maniere suivante. Repositoire, V. i. N. 108, 109, 11-3, 114, 164. Le dernier nume'ros'a pour titre, AnglicancB epistolce, a reformatione usque ad seculum decimum septimum. Les lettres a la Bibliotheque de la ville sont disperse'es en neuf volumes, portant les nume'ros, S8, 39, 42, 46, 56, 57, 60, 61, 62, et se trouvent dans le [repositou-e des manuscrits F. lis sont relids en parchemin comme les volumes aux Archives, auxquels ils ressemblent principalement. Presque toutes ces lettres sont origi- naux, et e'crits des auteurs eux-memes, sauf celles de Richard Cox, F. Bedford, et du due de Suffolk, qui n'ont fait que les signer. La' lettre de la reine Elizabeth n'est qu'une copie. INTRODUCTION. XI trial, by the assurance, that the elegance of the Latinity will for the most part amply reward him for the labour of comparison^. The letters are printed in the order of their dates, which obviously appeared to be the most desirable arrangement for such documents, written as they are, almost exclusively, upon the public affairs of the period. The notes, it should be observed, are added, not with the design of entering into any lengthened details of the cu'cumstances referred to in the text, but simply by way of illustration and confirmation of the facts there recorded. To have aimed at less than this would have left the book unintelligible to a large portion of its readers; and to have endeavoured more, would have been inconsistent with the simple plan and objects of the Society under whose auspices it is published. The edition of Strype, referred to in the notes, is that of Oxford, 1822, &c- That of Burnet, is the edition of Dr Nares, London, 1839. H. R. ^ For the inelegancies and inaccuracies in the letters of Richard Hilles, which form the chief exception to this remark, his O'sra apology must be accepted, as given at the beginning of Letter lxxiv. CORRIGENDA, The reader is requested to correct the foUowing passages in the translation, which 'will be found to vary from the original Latin, owing to some difficulty which arose as to a few words of the manuscript copy, which could not be finally cleared till these pages had been printed off. Page 119, line 4, for "He sent me, &c." read "He has come over to us from France, because he perceived that his studies there were interrupted by those disturbances to which he had heretofore been unaccustomed." 122, 15, after "the forger," insert " but not the subduer." 133, 12, after " rushes down," insert "from the Aar." 147, 6, for " to say nothing of," read " shall I call them ? or." 156, 12, 14, for " Camocensis," read " Camotensis." 157, 5, from the bottom, after "we deny that," add "our pro priety is to be borrowed from the enemies, &c." 190, 18, after "but," insert "if not, I." 231, 29, for " so to speak," read " to speak astronomically." In a few places the precise meaning is left uncertain by the want of regular punctuation in the originals, and the autographs sliew tliat the writing is not always easily decyphered. CONTENTS. lET. PAGE I. Thomas Sampson to Peter Martyr. ..Strasburgh, Dec. 17, 1558 1 II. Edwin Sandys to Henry Bullinger.. .Strasburgh, Dec. 20, 1558 3 III. John Jewel to Peter Martyr Strasburgh, Jan. 26, 1559 C IV. The same to thesame London, March 20, 1559 9 V. The same to the same- London, April 6, 1559 13 VI. The same to the same London, April, 14, 1559 17 VII- The same to the same London, April 28, 1559 19 VIII- John Foxe to Henry Bullinger Basle, May 6, 1559 22 IX. John Jeiyel to Peter Martyr London, no date 23 X- John Foxe to Henry BuUinger Basle, May 13, 1559 25 XI- Rich- Cox to Wolfgang 'Weidner -..London, May 20, 1559 26 XII. John Parkhurst to Henry Bullinger. London, May 21, 1559 29 XIII. John Parkhurst to Conrad Gesner ...London, May 21, 1559 31 XIV. John Jewel to Henry Bullinger London, May 22, 1559 32 XV. John Foxe to Henry Bullinger Basle, June 17, 1559 35 •XV. John Foxe to Henry Frensham Basle, June 17, 1559 37 XVI. John Jewel to Peter Martyr London, Aug. 1, 1559 38 XVII. John Foxe to Henry BuUinger Basle, Aug. 2, 1559 41 XVIII. The same to the same Basle, Sept. 26, 1559 42 XIX. John Jewel to Peter Martyr London, Nov. 2, 1559 44 XX. John Jewel to Rodolph Gualter London, Nov. 2, 1559 48 XXI. John Parkhurst to John Wolfius.... Without date 49 XXII. John Jewel to Josiah Simler London, Nov. 2, 1559 50 XXIII. John Jewel to Peter Martyr London, Nov. 5, 1559 62 XXIV. The same to the same London, Nov. 16, 1559 54 XXV. The same to the same London, Dec. 1, 1559 59 XXVL John Parkhurst to Josiah Simler Bishop's Cleeve, Dec. 20, 1559. Cl XXVIL Thomas Sampson to Peter Martyr Jan 6, [1560]... 62 XXVIII. Bp Cox to Peter Martyr London, no date 65 XXIX. Bp Jewel to Peter Martyr London, Feb. 4, 1560 C7 XXX. The same to the same London, March 5, 1 560 70 XXXL Bp Sandys to Peter Martyr London, April I, 1560 72 XXXIL Thomas Sampson to Peter Martyr... London, May 13, 1560 75 XIV CONTENTS. LET. XXXIIL XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVIL XXXVIII, XXXIX. XL. XLI. XLIL XLIIL XLIV.- XLV. XLVL XLVIL XLVIIL XLIX. L. LL LIL LIII. , LIV. ^ LV. - LVL LVIL LVIIL LIX. LX. LXL LXIL ' LXIII. LXIV. LXV. LXVI. LXVIL LXVIIL LXIX. . LXX. LXXL LXXIL LXXIIL Bp Jewel to Peter Martyr London, May 22, 1560 77 The same to the same SaUsbury, June 1, 1560 SO Thomas' Lever to Henry Bullinger... Coven try, July 10, 1560 84 Bp Jewel to Peter Martyr Salisbury, July 17, 1560 88 John Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger..London, Aug. 23, 1560 90 Bp Jewel to Peter Martyr SaUsbury, Nov. 6, 1560 91 Bp Parkhurst to John Wolfius, &c.. Norwich, March 9, 1561 94 Bp Jewel to Josiah Simler London, May 4, 1561 96 Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger ...Thetford, May 23, 1561 97 The same to the same Ludham, Sept. ], 1561 98 Bp Jewel to Peter Martyr SaUsbury, Feb. 7, 1562 99 Bp Jewel to Henry BuUinger Salisbury, Feb. 9, 1562 104 Bp Jewel to Josiah Simler SaUsbury, Feb. 10, 1562 106 Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger. ...Ludham, April 28, 1562 10? Bp Parkhurst to Josiah Simler, &c...Ludham, April 29, 1562.. 109 Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger.... Ludham, May 31, 1562 110 Bp Cox to Peter Martyr London, Aug. 5, 1562 112 Bp Jewel to Henry BuUinger SaUsbury, Aug. 14, 1562 114 Bp Jewel to Peter Martyr SaUsbury, Aug. 14, 1562 117 Bp Jewel to Josiah Simler SaUsbury, Aug. 18, 1562 120 Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger ...Ludham, Aug. 20, 1562 121 Bp Jewel to Henry BulUnger London, March 5, 1563 123 Bp Jewel to Josiah Simler London, March 7, 1563 125 The same to the same London, March 23, 1563 126 Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUmger ...Ludham, April 26, 1563 128 T. Sampson to Henry Bullinger Oxford, July 26, 1563 130 Bp Parkhurst to Henry BulUnger ...Ludham, Aug. 13, 1563 I3i L. Humphrey to Henry BuUinger... Oxford, Aug. 16, 1563 133 Bp Hom to Henry BuUinger Winchester, Dec. 13, 1563 134 Bp Parkhurst to Josiah Simler Ludham, Feb. 17, 1564 135 Bp Jewel to Henry BuUinger SaUsbury, March 1, 1665 133 Bp Hom to Rodolph Gualter Farnham Casile, July 17, 1565. 141 Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger ...Ludham, Aug. 18, 1565 143 Bp Sandys to Henry BuUinger Worcester, Jan. 3, 1566 145 Bp Jewel to Henry BuUinger, &c.... SaUsbury, Feb. 8, 1566 146 L. Humphrey to Henry BulUnger ...Oxford, Feb. 9, 1566 151 T. Sampson to Henry BuUinger London, Feb. 16, 1666 153 Bp Jewel to Hem-y BuUinger SaUsbury, Match 10, 1566 .....". 155 L. Humphrey, &c. to H. BuUinger jujy^ igge j^^ Bp Parkhurst to Henry BulUnger ...Ludham, Aug. 21, 1566 ..."'". 155 Bp Grindal to Henry Bullinger London, Aug. 27, 1566 168 CONTENTS. XV LET. PAGB LXXIV. K. HiUes to Henry BulUnger Antwerp, Dec. 20, 1566 171 LXXV. Bp Grindal, &c. to H. BuUinger, &c..London, Feb. 6, 1567 175 LXXVI. Bp Grindal to Henry Bullinger London, Feb. 8, 1667 182 V LXXVIL Bp Jewel to Henry BuUinger SaUsbury, Feb. 24, 1667 184 LXXVIIL Perceval Wiburn to Hen. BulUnger. London, Feb. 25, 1567 187 LXXIX. Bp Grindal to Henry BulUnger London, June 21, 1567 191 LXXX. Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger.. ..Ludham, July 31, 1567 194 LXXXL Bp Grindal to Henry BuUinger London, Aug. 29, 1567 196 LXXXII. The same to the same London, June 11, 1568 201 LXXXIII. Bp Parkhurst to Rod. Gualter, &c. . Ludham, Aug. 4, 1668 205 LXXXIV. Bp Cox to Henry BuUinger [1568] 207 LXXXV. Bp Grindal to Henry BuUinger Fulham, Aug- 13, 1569 208 LXXXVL Richard HiUes to Henry BuUinger...London, Feb. 6, 1670 211 LXXXVII. Bp Grindal to Henry Bullinger London, Feb. 18, 1670 215 LXXXVIIL Bp Cox to Henry BuUinger Ely, July 10, 1570 220 LXXXIX. BpPilkington to Henry BulUnger.... July 17, 1670 222 XC- Archbp Grindal to Henry BulUnger- London, July 31, 1570 224 v/ XCI. Bp Jewel to Henry BulUnger Aug. 7, 1570 226 XCII. James Leith to Henry BulUnger ...Geneva, Nov. 18, 1570 230 XCIII. Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUmger, Norwich, Jan. 16, 1571 232 XCIV. Bp Cox to Rodolph Gualter Ely, Feb. 12, 1571 234 n/ XCV. Bp Jewel to Henry BuUinger SaUsbury, March 2, 1571 238 XCVI. Richard Hilles to Henry BulUnger... London, July 27, 1571 241 XCVIL Bp Cox to Henry BuUinger [After July 27, 1751] 243 XCVIIL Bp Hom to Henry BuUinger , London, Aug. 8, I571 245 XCIX. Bp. Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger, Ludham, Aug. 10, 1571 265 C- Archbp Grindal to Henry BulUnger, Bishopsthorpe, Jan. 25, 1572... 258 CI. Bp Sandys to Henry BulUnger London, Feb. 17, 1572 264 CIL Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger ...Ludham, March 10, 1672 266 CIII. Bp Cox to Henry BuUinger London,Ely-house, June6,1572. 268 CIV. Richard HUles to Henry BuUinger.. .London, July 10, 1572 270 CV. Bp Hom to Henry BuUinger Famham Castle, Jan. 10,1573... 276 CVI. Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger ...Ludham, Jan. 20, 1573 277 CVII. Bp Cox to Rodolph Gualter Ely, Feb. 4, 1573 279 CVIIL Bp Cox to Henry BuUinger Withoutdate 282 CIX. Bp Cox to Rodolph Gualter Ely, June 12, 1573 284 CX. Bp Pilkington to Rodolph Gualter.- July 20, 1573 286 CXL Lau. Humphrey to Rodolph Gualter, Oxford, July 28, 1573 289 CXIL Archbp Grindal to Henry BulUnger, York, July 31, 1573 291 CXIIL Archbp Grindal to Rodolph Gualter, York, July 31, 1573 293 CXIV. Bp Sandys to Henry BuUinger London, Aug. 15, 1573 294 XVI CONTENTS. Bp Cox to Rodolph Gualter Ely, Feb. 3, 1574 297 Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger ...Ludham, Feb. 6, 1574 300 Bp Parkhurst to Josiah Simler Ludham, Feb. 7, 1574 302 Bp Parkhurst to Henry BuUinger ...Ludham, June 29, 1574 303 Bp Parkhurst to Josiah Simler Ludham, June 30, 1574 304 Bp Cox to Rodolph Gualter Ely, July 12, 1574 306 Bp Cox to Henry Bullinger Ely, July 20, 1574 307 Lau. Humphrey to Rodolph Gualter, Oxford, Aug. 2, 1574 310 Bp Sandys to Henry BuUinger Fulham, Aug. 9, 1574 311 Bp Sandys to Rodolph Gualter FuUiam, Aug. 9,1 574 312 Bp Cox to Henry BulUnger Ely, Jan. 25, 1575 314 Bp Cox to Rodolph Gualter Ely, [1575] 315 The same to the same Ely, July 31, 1575 316 The same to the same Ely, [1576] 318 Bp Horn to Rodolph Gualter Waltham, Aug. 10, 1576 320 Bp Hora to certain brethren Waltham, Jan. 15, 1677 321 L. Humphrey to Rodolph GuaUer... .Oxford, Aug. 11, 1578 324 The same to the same Oxford, Dec. 17, 1578 326 Bp Cox to Rodolph Gualter Feb. 28, 1679 328 Archbp Sandys to Rodolph Gualter, London, Dec. 9, 1679 331 Queen Elizabeth to the Swiss Cantons, Greenwich, July 18, 1590 333 I. II. III. . IV. V. VI. VII. Index.... APPENDIX. Peter Martyr to Bishop Jewel Zurich, Aug. 24, 1562 339 Henry Bullinger to Bishop Hom Zurich, Nov. 3, 1565 341 The same to L. Humphrey, &c Zurich, May 1, 1566 345 The same to Bishop Hom, &c Zurich, May 3, 1566 356 H. BulUnger, &c. to Bp Grindal, &c..Zurich, Sept. 6, 1566 357 H.Bullinger,&c.toL.Humphrey,&c.Zurich, Sept. 10, 1566 360 Rodolph Gualter to Bishop Cox Zurich, June 9, 1572 36'> 367 EPISTOL-S: TlGUBINiE. (The Original Latin Lettei-s) i* LETTER I- THOMAS SAMPSON TO PETER MARTYR- Dated at Strasburgh, December 17, [1558.]' I ENTREAT you foT Chrisfs sake, my excellent father, not to refuse me an answer to these few inquiries, as soon as pos sible. I. How ought we to act with respect to allowing or dis allowing the title of " after Christ supreme head of the Chm-ch of England," &c. ? All scripture seems to assign the title of head of the church to Christ alone. II. In case the queen should invite me to any ecclesiastical office, such, I mean, as the govemment of a church, can I accept such appointment with a safe conscience, seeing that these things appear to me a sufficient excuse for non-compli ance ? 1 . Because, through the want of church discipline, the bishop, or pastor, is unable properly to discharge his office. 2. Because there are so many ci'vil burdens imposed upon the bi shop, or pastor; those, for instance, oi first fruits, as we call them, that is to say, the receipts of the first year, besides tenths; in addition to which, at least in the case of bishops, so much expence must always be incurred for their equipages, retainers, and attendance at court: so that, as you well know, a very small portion of their revenue is left for the discharge of the necessary duties of a bishop, namely, for the support of learned men, the relief of the poor, and other occasions of making his ministry / more acceptable. 3. I am now writing with reference to the bishops more especially ; and such is the degeneracy from the primitive institution, as regards their election, (for there is re quired neither the consent of the clergy, nor of the people ;) such too is the vanity, not to say the unseemliness of their su perstitious dresses, that I scarcely think it endurable, even if we are to act in all things according to the law of expediency. P The letters are arranged in chronological order, according to their dates, or the time at which they appear to have been written.] 2 THOMAS SAMPSON TO PETEK MARTYR. [lET. As far as I am personally concemed, I am not writing as if I were expecting any thing of the kind ; so far from it, that I pray Grod from my heart that no such burden may ever be im posed upon me : but I ask your advice, as that ofa most faith ful father, that in case of any such event taking place, I maybe the better prepared how to act. I should reply somewhat in this way, that I am quite ready to undertake the office of a preacher, in whatever place she [the queen] may choose ; but that I caimot take upon myself the govemment of the church, until, after having made an entire reformation in aU ecclesiasti cal functions, she will concede to the clergy the right of ordering all things according to the word of God, both as regards doc trine and discipline, and the property of the church. And if it be demanded what kind of a reformation I wish for, you can easily conjecture, from the three articles above stated, what, in my opinion, ought to be required. I deposit, my father, 'with all simplicity, with yourself alone, the secrets of my heart ; and I entreat you, for Christ's sake, to keep my secret to yourself, and retm-n me an answer as soon as possible, as to what you think I ought to do in this case. Tell me also, what you would urge in addition for the furtherance of the reformation, and something too upon the reformation itself. Send your letter to Eaton', who wil take care it shall be forwarded to me. But I implore you, for Christ's sake, to ^^Tite to me with what haste you can. I shall shortly move towards England. We have papists, anabaptists, and very many gos pellers, who ai-e enemies both to learning and a godly reforma tion. Who is sufficient to defend the glory of Christ, and raise the banner of Christ against such adversaries ? Oh ! my father, pray God for me without ceasing. Wholly yom-s, T. SAMPSON. [' Or Heton. See p.p.] tl.J ED'WIN SANDYS TO HENBY BULLINGER. LETTER IL EDWIN SANDYS TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Strasburgh, December 20, 1558. Much health in Chi'ist. I am rather dilatory in wiiting to you, most esteemed sir; but it is only just now that I have any thing certain to communicate. We yesterday received a letter from England, in which the death of Mary^, the accession of Elizabeth, and the decease of cardinal Pole is confirmed. That good cardinal, that he might not raise any disturbance, or impede the progress of the gospel, departed this life the day^ after his friend [queen] Mary. Such was the love and harmony between them, that not even death itself could separate them. We have nothing therefore to fear from Pole, for dead men do not hite. Y Mary, not long before her death, sent two members of her coimcil to her sister Elizabeth, and commanded them to let her know in the first place, that it was her intention to bequeath to her the royal crown, together with all the digmty that she was then in possession of by right of inheritance. In return however for this great favour conferred upon her, she required of her these three things : first, that she would not change her privy coimcil ; secondly, that she would make no alteration in religion ; and thirdly, that she would discharge her debts, and satisfy her creditors. EUzabeth replied in these terms : "I am very sorry to hear of the queen's illness ; but there is no reason why I should thank her for her intention to give me the crown of this kingdom. For she has neither the power of P Queen Mary died on the moming of Friday, Nov. 17, 1558. Strype, Memor. ni. ii. 118.] P i. e. Nov. 18, 1568, about sixteen hours after the death of queen Mary, according to Hume's account ; to which Strype adds, that his death took place at Lambeth between five and sis o'clock in the morning. Memor. iii. ii. 1 18. He states however, in another place. Annals, i. i. 52, that he died on the 17th.] 1—2 EDWIN SANDYS [let. bestowing it upon me, nor can I lawfully be deprived of it, since it is my peculiar and hereditary right. With respect to the council, I think myself," she said, " as much at liberty to choose my counsellors, as she was to choose her own. As to religion, I promise thus much, that I will not cliange it, provided only it can be proved by the word of God, which shall be the only foundation and rule of my reUgion. And when, lastly, she requires the payment of her debts, she seems to me to require nothing more than what is just, and I 'wiU take care that they shall be paid, as far as may lie in my power." The messengers were dismissed with this answer. / Queen EUzabeth, on the Sunday' after her accession, caused the gospel to be preached at the celebrated Paul's Cross, which took place to the great delight of the people. But on the fol lowing Sunday the bishop of Chichester, by name Christopher- son, (the same who some time ago called at your house on his way to Italy,) and a notorious papist^, occupied the same place, and in his sermon, with great veheraence and freedom, (for the papists are always bold enough,) refuted every thing that had been said on the Sunday preceding ; loudly exclaiming, " Be lieve not this new doctrine; it is not the gospel, but a new invention- of new men and heretics, &c." In this way the good papist strove to confirm his ovm opinions, and to take away the trath of the gospel. As soon as this came to the ears of the queen, she caused this good bishop to be summoned into her presence ; and after he had been examined respecting his sermon, commanded him to be sent to prison. The queen has changed almost all her counsellors', and has taken good Christians into her sei-vice in the room of pa- C Viz. on the 20th of November. The preacher was Dr BUI, her chaplain and almoner, a prudent and leamed man. Sti-j'pe, Memor. iii ii. 118. Annals, i. i. 60. He was afterwai-ds dean of ^Fest^ninster, and provost of Eton.] P He was an examiner of heretics in the late reign, and in a com mission for burning the bodies of Bucer and Fagius at Cambridge, where he was master of Trinity CoUege. He died witiiin a month after this sermon was preached, and was buried on Dec. 28, at Christ-church, Lon don, with aU the popish ceremonies. See Strype, Annals, i. i. 46.] [3 The queen's [Mary's] counseUors towards the latter end of her reign were those that follow; whereof, says Strype, Memor. iii. ii. 160 those that have asterisks were laid aside the next reign, as I took them u.] to HENEY BULLINGER. pists^ ; and there is great hope of her promoting the gospel, and advancing the kingdom of Christ to the utmost of her power. That she may do this, God must be entreated by aU reUgious persons. Philip" has sent over to her a splendid and magnificent embassy ; but we know not what he means by it. If, however, he is thinking about what your prudent fears an ticipated, he will lose his labour, and get nothing by it. [Su- Thomas] Wroth, [Sir Antony] Cook, and other per sons of distinction, have begun their journey this day ; I, with God's blessing, shaU foUow them to-morrow. As soon as I arrive in England, I wiU take care to let you know the state of out of a journal of the Lord Burleigh's; the rest continued privy coun sellors to queen Elizabeth, viz. Reginald, Cardinal Pole. Nicholas, Archbishop of York, Lord ChanceUor. Powlet, Marquis of Winchester, Lord Treasurer. Fitzallen, Earl of Arundel. Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. Henry, Earl of Bath. Stanley, Earl of Derby. Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. Edward, Lord Clinton, Lord Ad miral. Lord Howard of Effingham. Brown, Viscount Montague. • Thirlby, Bishop of Ely. WiUiam, Lord Paget. ' Lord Wentworth. ¦ Richard, Lord Ryche. ' Edward, Lord Hastings of Lough- Sir Thomas Cornwalleys. Sir Francis Englefield. Sir Edward Waldgrave. Sir John Mordaunt. Sir Thomas Cheyney. Sir WUliam Petre. Sir John Mason. Sir Richard Sackvil. Sir Thomas Warton. Sir John Brown. Dr Wotton, Dean of Canterbury. Dr Boxal. Sir Henry Jei-negam. Sir Henry Bedding-field. Sir Edmund Peckham. Sir Robert Peckham. Sir WiUiam CordeU. Sir Clement Higham. ' Sir Richard Southwel. borough. [_* Hume states that the queen [EUzabeth], not to alarm the parti sans of the Roman Catholic religion, had retained eleven of her sister's counseUors; but in order to balance their authority, she added eight more, who were known to be inclined to the Protestant Communion ; the Marquis of Northampton, the Earl of Bedford, Sir Thomas Parry, Sir Ed ward Rogers, Sir Ambrose Cave, Sir Francis KnoUes, Sir Nicholas Bacon, whom she created Lord Keeper, and Sir WUliam CecU, Secretary of State.] [f PhUip, who had long foreseen this event, [the queen's accession], and who still hoped, by means of Elizabeth, to obtain that dominion over England, of which he had failed in espousing Mary, immediately dis patched orders to the Duke of Feria, his ambassador at London, to make proposals of marriage to the queen. Hume.] 6 EDWIN SANDYS TO HENRY BULLINGER- [LET. affairs there- In the mean time, entreat God in behalf of the Church of England, and of us, miserable ministers of the word, upon whom a heavy and difficult burden is imposed. We in our turn wiU earnestly pray to God in behalf both of your chm-ch and yourselves. It is now midnight, and I am to quit this place early to-morrow moming ; wherefore, most esteemed sir, I bid you fareweU. In haste. Strasburgh, Dec. 20th, or ifyou choose, the 21st, 1558. Your most devoted, EDWIN SANDYS, Anglus. LETTER IIL JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at Strasburgh, January 26, [1559.] Respecting my first setting out, and aU the news which was then circulated at Basle, I wrote to you by our friend Simler. So wretchedly were we delayed by the badness of the roads, that it was with some difficulty that, on the fifth day after, we arrived at Strasburgh. Here we found all om- friends in good health, and very anxious for yom- company. We have not yet heard what Sandys, Horn, and our other friends have been doing in England. Nor indeed is it to be wondered at ; for, having left' Strasburgh on the 21st of December, they would hardly be able to reach Antwerp in twenty days after, because the Rhine being frozen over would prevent their traveUing by water. All we hear is, that their return was very acceptable to the queen, and that she has openly declared her satisfaction. If the bishops go on as they have begun, bishopricks wUl shortly become very cheap. For Chi-istopherson', that brawUng bishop of Chichester, is certainly dead ; the same is also re- [} See the preceding letter.] P See above, p. 4.] m.] JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. ported of Watson*, bishop of Lincoln ; which if it be true, there are at this time no less than fourteen sees vacant. Your friend White, as I wrote to you when I was at Basle, deUvered a most furious and turbulent* discourse at the funeral of [queen] Mary, in which he declared, that every thing was to be attempted, rather than that any alteration should be made in religion ; and that it would be a meritorious act for any one to kiU the exiles on their return. He was charged with sedition by the Marquis of Winchester, Lord Treasurer, and Heath, archbishop of York. The bishop of London has been ordered to restore to Ridley's' executors the property which he had forcibly and injuriously taken possession of. He wiU shortly be caUed upon for his defence ; and is in the mean time ordered to confine himself to his own house as a prisoner. The queen has forbidden any person, whether papist or gospeUer, to preach^ to the people. Some think the reason of this to be, that there was at that time only one minister of the word in London, namely, Bentham', whereas the number of papists was very considerable ; others think that it is owing to [' He had the ague, but recovered, and was afterwards deprived. Strype, Annals, i. i. 139. 210.] [* This sermon was preached Dec. 13, and the preacher was confined to his own house tUI Jan. 19, when being summoned before the Lords of the CouncU, "after a good admonition given to him," he was set at Uberty. Strype, Memor. in. u. 140, 636, where the whole sermon is pre served. The text was from Eccles. iv. 2.] p December ult., the councU -wrote to Sir John Mason and Sir Clement Throgmorton, to examine dUigently a complaint made to the queen's highness by certain near kinsmen of Dr Ridley, late bishop of London, for divers parcels of his goods, that came into the hands of the bishop of London that now is, [viz. Bonner,] and to signify to them what they should find out therein. Strype, Annals, i. i. 47.] [" The proclamation was sent to the Lord Mayor for the inhibition of preaching, Dec. 28. Strype, Annals, i. i. 69, who gives it at length in the appendix.] [' It is not to be passed over without remark, that there was a con gregation of godly men at London, in the veiy mouth of danger, who met together for reUgious worship all the queen's [Mary's] reign. Among their ministers were Edmund Scambler, afterwards bishop of Peterborough, and Thomas Bentham, afterwards bishop of Coventry and Lichfield. Strype, Memor. iii. ii. 147.] JOHN JEWEL [let. the circumstance that, having heard only one public discourse of Bentham's, the people began to dispute among themselves about ceremonies, some declaring for Geneva, and some for Frankfort'. Whatever it be, I only wish that our party may not act with too much worldly pradence and poUcy in the cause of God. Many persons are of opinion that [Sir Antony] Cook wiU be the Lord Chancellor: he is, as you know, a worthy and pious man, but I think hardly quaUfied for that office. The bishop of Ely [Thirlby] is stiU remaining with PhiUp, while some arrangement is making, if it please God, about this famous peace^, which, of what nature, or how firm or lasting it may be, God only can determine. The lady IsabeUa wiU, I hope, be invited into England. For I perceive others also of our party seriously thinking upon that matter. Zanchius^ too will write to the queen : he was on the point of writing to the whole parliament, if I had not dissuaded him ; for it seemed to me quite out of place. The boy Cranmer was left with Abel at Strasburgh, to be deUvered into my care. I borrowed from Abel some crowns in the youth's name. I wish JuUus would forward to him at Stras burgh the portmanteau, and the money which I left in your keeping. He wiU give you a receipt for it, which he wiU either deposit with Zanchius, or, if you choose, send onwards to yom' self. FareweU, my most beloved father, and my soul's better half. I wiU not write all the news to you ; for I had occasion to write somewhat to master BulUnger, a man to whom I owe \} For an account of the disputes among the EngUsh exUes at Frank fort, see Strype, Memor. in. i. 404, &c. and Annals, i. i. 161, &c. ' P Thirlby, bishop of Bly, and Dr Wotton, dean of Canterbury, were queen Mary's commissioners to treat with France about the re storation of Calais, and for making peace. To them queen EUzabeth sent a new commission, and in January 1558 [1569], by her councU writ to them to proceed according to that commission. The peace was concluded in the beginning of April between the queen, and the French, and Scots. Strype, Annals, i. i. 37.] P He was public professor at Strasburgh, and afterwards at Heidel berg, whence, in 1571, he ^^Tote a letter to the queen on behalf of the purUan mmisters, and, as he said, by coramand of the most noble prince, one of her majesty's most special friends, the prince elector Palatine! Strype, Annals, ii. i. 142.] HI.] TO PETER MARTYR. 9 every thing for his exceeding kindness to me. But this, what ever it was, he wiU, I doubt not, communicate to you. Masters Heton, Abel, Springham, and Parkhurst, salute you very much ; and though they desire for you all possible good, they desire for you at present nothing more than England. Salute in my name Muralt, Herman, Julius, his wife, and all our mutual friends. Master Fr. Beti and Acontius are now at Strasburgh. They both salute you much. I have retumed to Beti the letter of the lady Isabella. I pray you let her know this. Strasburgh, 26. Januar. JOHN JEWEL, Yours from my heart, And for ever. LETTER IV. JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, March 20, 1559. Much health. We have at length arrived in England, that is to say, on the fifty seventh day after our leaving Zurich. But why should I enter into a long preamble, to you especially, who rather wish for facts, and set but little value upon these tedious narrations? It was, however, a wearisome life, when both water, and earth, and the very heavens themselves seemed angry with us, and in every possible way opposed our progress. What else? Every thing turned out most disagreeable and adverse to us, throughout the 'vyhole time. But I informed both you and BulUnger of these things more fuUy in a former letter, while I was delayed at Antwerp. You shall now hear the sequel ; although, to say the ti-uth, there is need of some art and flowers of rhetoric ; not so much for adorning and em- beUishing any new intelligence, (which I know not whether 10 JOHN JEWEL [let. I have at this time any to communicate,) as for the purpose of retouching my old narrative over again. For ahnost every thing that I wrote to you about when on my journey, was at that time very different, and far more pleasant in the hearing, than I afterwards found it to be in reality on my retum home. For the Roman pontiff was not yet cast out ; no part of reUgion was yet restored ; the country was stiU every where desecrated with the mass ; the pomp and insolence of the bishops was unabated. All these things, however, are at length beginning to shake, and almost to faU. The bishops' are a great hindrance to us; for being, as you know, among the nobility and leading men in the upper house, and having none there on our side to expose their arti fices and confute their falsehoods, they reign as sole monarchs in the midst of ignorant and weak men, and easily overreach our little party, either by their numbers, or their reputation for learning. The queen, meanwhile, though she openly favours our cause, yet is wonderfuUy afraid of aUowing any innovations : this is owing pai-tly to her own friends, by whose advice every thing is carried on, and partly to the influence of Count Feria'', a Spaniard, and PhiUp's ambassador. She is however pmdently, and firmly, and piously foUowing up her purpose, though some what more slowly than we could wish. And though the begin nings have hitherto seemed somewhat unfavourable, there is nevertheless reason to hope that aU wiU be weU at last. In the mean time, that our bishops may have no ground of complaint that they are put do'wn only by power and authority of law, a disputation is determined upon, wherein nine'' on our side, [} These were Heath, archbishop of York ; Bonner, bishop of Lon don; White, of Winchester; Pate, of Worcester ; Kitchin, of LlandafF; Baine, of Coventry and Lichfield; TurbervUe, of Exeter; Scot, of Chester; and Oglethorp, of Carlisle; with Feckenham, Lord Abbot of Westminster. Strype, Annals, i. i. 82.] [" He hated Elizabeth from the beginning of her reign, and stirred up pope Pius IV. to excommunicate her, and the king of Spain to be her enemy. Strype, Annals, i. U. 63.] P Dr Cox in his letter to Weidner (Letter ix. below) mentions but ei^W disputants; as does also the account kept in the Paper office. The bishop of CarUsle on the papists' side, and Sandys on that of the protes tants, are misadded, says Strype, to the aforesaid dispjitants, though pro bably thoy were present at the conference. Annals, i>i. 129.] IV.] TO PETER MARTYR. 11 namely, Scory", Cox, Whitehead \ Sandys, Grindal, Horn, Aylmer, a Cambridge man of the name of Gheast", and my self, are to confer upon these matters before the council with five' bishops, the abbot of Westminster, Cole, Chedsey, and Harpsfield. Our first proposition is, that it is contrary to the word of God, and the practice of the primitive church, to use in the public prayers and administration of the sacraments any other language than what is understood by the people. The second is, that every provincial church, even without the bid ding of a general council, has power either to estabUsh, or change, or abrogate ceremonies and ecclesiastical rites, where- ever it may seem to make for edification. The third is, that the propitiatory sacrifice, which the papists pretend to be in the mass, cannot be proved by the holy scriptures. The first discussion is to take place on the 31st of March. The bishops in the mean time have been long mightily ex ulting, as though the victory were already achieved. When Froschover" comes over to this country, I wiU write you a more particular account of these matters. The queen regards you most highly : she made so much of your letter, that she read it over with the greatest eagemess a second and third time. I doubt not but that your book, when it arrives, wiU be yet more acceptable. Two famous virtues, namely, ignorance and obstinacy, have wonderfuUy increased at Oxford since you left it : religion, and ^ aU hope of good learning and talent is altogether abandoned. [* He had been chaplain to Cranmer and Ridley, and was bishop of Chichester in king Edward's reign. He afterwards became bishop of Hereford. Strype, Memor. ii. ii. 171 ¦] [" An exUe for reUgion in queen Mary's time. He had been recom mended by Cranmer for the see of Armagh. Strype, Memor. iii. i. 231.] [" Edmund Gheast, or Guest, was consecrated bishop of Rochester, and afterwards translated to Salisbury. Strype, Parker, ii. 80.] [' The four bishops, (see Note 3.) were White, Watson, Baine, and Scot, bishops of Winchester, Lincoln, Coventry and Lichfield, and Ches ter; and the Doctors Cole, dean of St Paul's; Langdale, Harpsfield, and Chedsey, archdeacons of Lewes, Canterbury, and Middlesex. Strype, Annals, i. i. 129. The abbot of Westminster, Feckenham, appears hence to have taken no part in the conference.] [" He was a printer at Zurich, and boarded twelve of the exUes in the reign of queen Mary. Among them were Laurence Humphrey, after wards king's Professor of Divinity at Oxford, and bishop Parkhurst. Strype, Memor. iii. i. 232.] 12 JOHN JEWEL [let. Brooks', bishop of Gloucester, a beast of most impure life, and yet more impure conscience, a short time before his death exclaimed in a most woeful manner, that he was now con demned by his own judgment. Your renowned [antagonist] Smithy the patron of chastity, has been taken in adultery, and on that account is ordered to retire from the theological chair, by a new practice, and without a precedent, as the like was never done in Mary's time. Bruerne'' too has been compeUed, for a similar offence, only far more flagitious, to relinquish his professorship of Hebrew. I write nothing about Marshal ^ for fear of defiUng my paper. You have before heard respecting Weston^ But why, say you, do you make mention of such persons? Simply, that you may learn by what judges it was thought fit that Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer should be con demned. I have no news to teU respecting the Scotch, whether about peace or war. I 'wrote you three letters during my joumey, but know not whether they have reached you. But since we are so far distant, much farther indeed and for a much longer time than I could wish, om- letters must sometimes be committed to the winds and to fortune. Farewell, my father, arid most esteemed master in Chi-ist. Salute masters BuUinger, Gualter, Simler, Gesner, Lavater, [' He had been the pope's subdelegate under cardinal Puteo in Cranmer's trial; and assisted also at that of Hoper. Strype, Cranmer, 532. &c. Memor. iii. i. 286.] P Richard Smith, Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford, had been deprived of his professorship before in 1647, and was succeeded by Peter Martyr, against whom he prmted his book for the Celibacy of Priests and Monastic Vows. Strype, Memor. ii. i. 63, &c.] P He was chosen provost of Eton without the queen's consent, and by her forced to resign in 1661. Strype, Parker, i. 205.] [* Richard Marshal, dean of Christchurch, was a violent papist under queen Mary, and an enemy both to Jewel and Peter Martyr. He watched narrowly to have caught Jewel, when he iled from Oxford ; and digged up the body of Peter Martyr's wife out of her grave in Christ's Church, where she had been some years buried, and cast it into his duno-hill. Strype, Annals, i. U. 48, and Parker, i. 199. He was mentioned''in a list of certain evil-disposed persons of whom complaint hath been made • which lurk so secretly, that process cannot be served upon them. Annals I. i. 41G.] [" Hugh Weston, dean of Windsor, was deprived of his deanery by cardinal Pole for his scandalous Ufe in adultery. Strype, Memor m i. 174.] IV.J TO PETER MARTYR. 13 Julius, his wife, your little Martyr, [Martyrillus,] Herman, and your associates of Treves. AU our friends salute you. London, 20 March, 1559. Yours, JOHN JEWEL. This is the first letter I have written to you since my return to England. I wiU thus number aU of them in future, that you may know whether any have been lost. LETTER V. JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, April 6, 1669. Much health. Accept a brief account of the disputation" between us and the bishops, which I informed you in my last letter was appointed for the 31st of March; for it seems best thus to continue my narrative without any further preamble. In the first place, then, to remove aU ground of contention and idle debate, the council ordained that every thing, on either side, should be read from written papers, and that the time should be so marked out, that on the first day nothing should be proposed by either party beyond bare affirmations; and that at the next meeting we were to answer them, and they, in their tum, to reply to us. Accordingly, we assembled at West- ininster on the 31st of March. Great were the expectations of the people, and the crowd', I beUeve, still gi-eater. The bishops, (such was their good faith,) produced not a single line either in writing or print; aUeging that they had not had suffi- [° For a full account of this disputation see Strype, Annals, i. i. 128, &c. Burnet, Hist. Reform, ii. 600, &c. and Soames, Hist. Reform, iv. 642, &c.] [' The houses of parliament adjourned from March 24, tiU AprU 3, as Sir Simon D'Ewes thinks, by reason of this disputation. Strype, Annals, i. i. 98.] 14 JOHN JEWEL [let. cient time for the consideration of matters of such importance ; notwithstanding that they had been allowed ten days, raore or less, and had in the mean time assembled their auxiliary troops both from Oxford and Cambridge, and every other comer. However, that so great a number might not seem to have come together to no purpose, Dr Cole, being subomed by the others, stepped forth in the midst, to harangue, in the name of them aU, respecting the first point of discussion, namely, the use of a foreign language [in public worship.] After ha'ving assailed us most unworthily with aU manner of contumely and invec tive, and stigmatized us as the authors and firebrands of every kind of sedition ; and having tumed himself towards aU quar ters, and into every possible attitude, stamping with his feet, thi-owing about his arms, bending his sides, snapping his fin gers, alternately elevating and depressing his eye-brows, (you know the look and modesty of the man,) he came at last to this, that England had now for thirteen hundred years received the gospel. And by what literary remains, he asked, by what an nals, what monuments can it be made to appear, that the pubUc prayers then in use in England were in the EngUsh tongue ? When he had sufficiently cai-eered vdthin that circle, he added seriously, and with a solemn countenance and admonitory tone, that all should especially attend to and mark this, as a most precious saying, that the apostles from the beginning so divided their labours among themselves, that some of them estabUshed the eastern, and others the western chm-ches ; and that there fore Peter and Paul, in the church of Rome, which at that time comprehended nearly aU Europe, gave all their instructions in the language of Rome, that is, in Latin ; and that the rest of the apostles in the east never employed any other language but the Greek. You wiU perhaps laugh at this ; yet I never heard any one rave after a more solemn and dictatorial man ner. Had my friend Julius been present, he would have ex claimed a hundred times over. Poll I whoreson knave ." The speaker, however, made no scruple of betraying, among other things, the very mysteries, and secrets, and inmost recesses of his own religion. For he did not hesitate gi-avely and solemn- [} It is thus in the original manuscript, but it is suggested in a note by the transcriber that Jewel intended to hswe written Fos^ ! hosenknopf, a vulgar exclamation of that period.] v.] TO PETER MARTYR. 15 ly to affirm, that even were all other things to agree, it would nevertheless be inexpedient for the people to know what was going on in religious worship. For ignorance, said he, is the mother of true piety, which he called devotion. Oh ! sacred mysteries, and secret rites of the Bona Dea ! What do you imagine I thought all the while about the pontiff Cotta^? This truly it is to worship in spirit and in trath ! But to proceed. When he had thus taken up a great part of the time aUotted to us for disputation, in calumny, abuse, and falsehood, we" at last recited our arguments from 'wi-itten papers, with so much moderation as only to treat upon the matter in dispute, without wounding our opponents. The debate was at length concluded in such a manner, that there was hardly any one in the whole assembly, not even the Earl of Shrewsbury,* who did not adjudge that day's 'victory to be on our side. It was afterwards arranged, that we should speak in the same manner respecting the second question on the Monday following, and that on the Wednesday we should reply to their first day's arguments, and they in tm-n to ours. On the Monday, when a vast multitude of the nobility had assembled, exceedingly de- su-ous of hearing the debate, the bishops, I know not whether from shame at [the defeat of] the preceding day, or from de spair of victory, first began to shuffle, — ^that they had yet much to say npon the first question, and that the matter must not go off in that way. The council replied, that if they had any thing further to say, they might be heard on the third day fol lowing, as it had been originaUy agreed upon ; but that they were now to confine themselves to the question before them, and not disturb the order of the disputation. Being driven from this position they nevertheless stiU evaded the question by say ing, that if they must needs speak at all, they would not speak first; — ^that they were in possession of the ground, and that P See Cicero de Nat. Deor.] [^ Robert Horn, formerly dean of Durham, and soon afterwards bishop of Winchester, immediately rose, and produced the written argu ment of his party upon the question under discussion. Soames, Hist. Ref. IV. 648.] P Francis, 6th Earl. He had been distingiushed in the Scottish mi Utary expeditions in the reigns of kings Henry and Edward, and by that prudence and fideUty to queen Mary, which induced Elizabeth to call hhn, although a Romanist, to her privy councU. He died Sept 25, 1660.] 16 JOHN JEWEL [let. we, if we wished it, might try our strength in the first place ; for that they would be doing great injury to their cause, if they should allow us to depart last, vsdth the applause of the people, and leave the stings of our discourse fresh in the minds of the audience. The council' replied on the other hand, that it was originally settled that they, as being first in dignity, should be first to speak ; and that this arrangement could not now be altered ; they were surprised, however, at there being aU this mystery, since one party must of necessity begin the discussion, or else nothing could be said by either; and it was the more ex traordinary, because on the first day's disputation Cole sprang forth to speak first, even without being called upon. At last, when a great part of the time had been taken up in altercation, and the bishops would on no account consent to yield the [pri vilege of speaking in the] second place, the assembly broke up without any disputation at aU. It is altogether incredible, how much this conduct has lessened the opinion that the people entertained of the bishops ; for they all begin to suspect that they refused to say any thirig only because they had not any thing to say. On the day after your friend White ^ bishop of Winches ter, and Watson, bishop of Lincoln, were committed to the tower for open contempt and contumacy. There they are now employed in castrametation, and^ from weak premises draw bold conclusions. The rest are bound in recognizances to appear at court from day to day, and await the determination of the council respecting them. Thus you have the account of an useless conference, and one which indeed can hardly be considered as such. I have, how ever, described it more copiously than there -n-as any occasion for, that you might better understand the whole proceedino-. FareweU, my father, my pride, and even the half of my soul. Should there be at this time any fai-ther news, I had rather it should be the subject of my next letter. Salute much [' The Lord Keeper, Bacon, who acted as president, or moderator, in conjunction with archbishop Heath. Soames.] [" White had formeriy attacked Peter Mai-tyr in a book in veree called Diacosia Martyrion, prefaced by an abusive epistle. Strype Memor. II. i. 423. See above, p. 7.] [" A word is here illegible in the original MS.] "'''•J to peter MARTYR. l7 in my name, that reverend person, and my much esteemed master in Chi-ist, master BuUinger, masters Gualter, Simler, Lavater, Wolfius, Gesner, HaUer, Frisius, Herman, and Ju Uus, your friend and mine. All our friends salute you, and wish you every happiness. London, April 6, 1559, Your JOHN JEWEL. This is the second letter I have written to you since my return to England. LETTER VL JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, April 14, 1559. Much health. Our friend Sandys has done me much wrong; for, notwithstanding I had already written to you, though I earnestly besought him not to do so, he sent you his own letter unaccompanied by mine. However, except that I feel this duty of mine has long been owing to you, notiiing has hitherto occurred which it would give you much pleasure to hear. 0 [queen] Mary and the Marian times ! With how much greater tendei-ness and moderation is truth now contended for, than falsehood was defended some time since ! Our adver saries acted always with precipitancy, without precedent, with out authority, without law ; while we manage every thing with so much deliberation, and prudence, and wariness, and circum spection, as if God himself could scarce retain his authority without our ordinances and precautions ; so that it is idly and scurrilously said, by way of joke, that as heretofore Christ was cast out by his enemies, so he is now hpt out by his friends. This dilatoriness has grievously damped the spirits of our brethren, while it has wonderfully encouraged the rage and fury of om- opponents. Indeed, you would hardly beUeve with how much greater boldness they now conduct themselves than they ever did before ; yet the people evei7 where, and especiaUy the 2 18 JOHN JEWEL [let. whole of the nobility, are both disgusted with their insolent exultation, and exceedingly thirsting for the gospel- Hence it has happened that the mass in many places has of itself fallen to the ground, without any laws for its discontinuance. If the queen herself would but banish it from her private chapel, the whole thing might easily be got rid of. Of such importance among us are the examples of princes. For whatever is done after the example of the sovereign, the people, as you weU know, suppose to be done rightly. She has, however, so regu lated this mass of hers, (which she has hitherto retained only from the circumstances of the times,) that although many things are done therein, which are scarcely to be endured, it may yet be heard without any great danger. But this woman, excellent as she is, and earnest in the cause of trae reUgion, notwithstanding she desires a thorough change as early as possible, cannot however be induced to effect such change without the sanction of law ; lest the matter should seem to have been accompUshed, not so much by the judgment of dis creet men, as in compUance \vith the impulse of a furious mul titude. Meanwhile, many alterations in reUgion are effected in parliament, in spite of the opposition and gainsajdng and disturbance of the bishops. These however I wiU not mention, as they are not yet publicly known, and are often brought on the anvU to be hammered over again. Sandys, Grindal, Sampson, Scory, (and why should I par ticularize these ?) aU of us remain stiU in London, aU in good health, in the same condition, the same circumstances, the same favour. Many persons make most honom-able inquiry after you, where you are, how you live, what you are teaching, and whether, in case you should be recalled, you would feel disposed to retum to England. SidaU^ lately desired me by letter, not to give credit to any injurious reports respecting him. I remember, when you were lecturing at Strasburgh respecting the power that sovereigns have over bishops, you stated that Sylverius' and Vio-iUus [' SidaU was canon of Christ Church, and vicar of "Walthamstow. Strype, Parker, 164. See p. 46.] P Sylverius, patriarch of Rome, was deposed and banished a.d. 637 through tho machinations of the empress Theodora, and VigUius was elected mto the patriarchate by command of Belisarius. He was after- VI.] TO PETER MARTYR. 19 were removed from their office [of patriarch] by the emperor Justinian. When you next write, I will thank you briefly to point out the place where this circumstance is recorded. We have as yet heard nothing respecting the queen's marriage, an event which we aU desire most earnestly. Fare weU, my father, and much esteemed master in Christ. London, April 14, 1559. Yours whoUy, JOHN JEWEL. This is my third letter. I mention the number, that you may know whether, as may. possibly be the case^ any of them have been lost on the road. LETTER VII. JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, April 28, 1569. Much health. I have received three letters from you, and aU of them nearly at the same time. Though they were, as they certainly ought to be, most gratifying to me on many accounts, both as coming from you, and letting me know the state of your affairs, and your affection for myself; yet for no other reason did they seem more acceptable to me, than because they expressed a desire that I should write to you, and gently though silently charged me with either forgetful ness or dilatoriness ; of which the former is as much forbidden by the extent of your kindness towards me, as the latter is by the magnitude of my engagements. I have indeed written to yon three letters since my return to England; which I perceive, however, had not reached you at the time you wrote. And it may be, as is often the case, that they are either loitering wards thrown into prison by Justinian for opposing the decrees of the second council of Constantinople (the fifth general council), in 663, and died at Syracuse on his retum to Rome two years after.] [' Ut sit: but most probably it should be ict fit. So also at the bottom of this page the original is printed, ut seepe sit.'] 2—2 20 JOHN JEWEL [let. somewhere or other, and are, like reUgion among om-selves, reposing in Ustless inactivity, or else have been lost on the road But however it be, there can be no great loss m that respect; inasmuch as they were almost empty, because there was not then much that either you would like to hear, or 1 to write. The cause of the pope is now agitated, and with much vehemence on both sides. For the bishops are labour ing that they may not seem to have been in error; and this detays and hinders the progress of religion: but it is indeed no easy matter to accelerate its course, as the poet says, with such slow-paced horses. Feckenham, the abbot of Westmin ster, in order, I suppose, to exalt the authority of his own profession, in a speech that he made in the House of Lords, placed the Nazarites, the prophets, nay, even Ohrist himself and his apostles,, in the monastic orders ! No one more keenly opposes our cause than the bishop of Ely [Thirlby], who still retains his seat in parUament, and his disposition along with it. The lands^ of the bishops are to be made over to the exchequer, and the rectories which heretofore belonged to the monasteries will be given them in exchange. In the mean time there is everywhere a profound sUence respectmg schools and the encouragement of learning. This indeed is driving out one devil, as they say, by another. The queen both speaks and thinks most honourably of you: she lately told lord Russel that she was desu:ous of inviting^ you to England, a measure which is m-ged both by himself and others, as far as they are able. But unless you should be se riously and earnestly and honourably recaUed, I, for my part, will never advise your coming. For myself, indeed, there is nothing that I desire more, or with greater impatience, than to behold you, and enjoy your most deUghtful conversations, (which I heartily wish may one day be the case), either in England or at Zm-ich. But, as far as I can perceive, that inau spicious arrivaP wiU present an obstacle to my wishes. For [' For an account of this proceeding, see Strype, Annals, i. i. 142, &c. The bill passed the House of Lords on the 6th of April, 1559.] P Martyr was invited to return, in 1561, it is supposed, by the in fluence of the Duke of Norfolk, but excused himself, from his obligations to the city of Zurich. Strype, Annals, i. i. 382.] ^ Inauspicata illaet saxis et Saxonibus damnata ¦irapovaia. VII.] TO PETER MARTYR. 21 our [queen] is now thinking of [joining] the league of Smal- cald^; but there is one who writes to her from Germany, that this can by no means be brought about, if you should retm-n to us. Who this person is, — if I tell you that he was once a bishop, that he is now an exile, an ItaUan, — a crafty knave, — a courtier, — either Peter or Paul, — you wiU perhaps know him better than I do. But however this may be, we have exhibited to the queen all our articles of religion and doctrine, and have not departed in the slightest degree from the confession of Zu rich ; although your friend 'Ap-^^ifidyetpo^, [Sir Antony Cook] defends some scheme of his own, I know not what, most obstinately, and is mightily angry with us all. As yet not the slightest provision has been made for any of us ; so that I have not yet abandoned the device which I designed for myself at Zurich, a book and a cross. I hear that Goodman ° is in this country, but so that he dare not shew his face, and appear in public- How much better would it have been to have been wise in time ! If he will but acknowledge his error", there wUl be no danger. But as he is a man of irritable temper, and too pertinacious in any thing that he has once undertaken, I am rather afraid that he wUl not yield. Your books have not yet arrived, which I am the more surprised at, as so many of the EngUsh have long since returned from Frankfort. When your present arrives, it wiU, I doubt not, be most acceptable to the queen ; anS since you wish it, although it is in itself most ex ceUent, yet, should I have an opportunity, I will set forth its value in my own words. As to the book which you sent to me individuaUy, I know not in what words to express my thanks. I choose, therefore, to sink under the weight of your present kindness, and the magnitude of all your former good offices towards me. And though I should most certainly never have dismissed you from my remembrance, yet excited as I am by this additional memorial, I shall entertain a more ardent and p For an account of this, see Burnet, Hist. Ref. iii. 170.] p For an account of him, see Strype, Annals, i. i. 181, &c.] [" Jewel probably alludes to a tract written by Goodman in queen Mary's time, entitled, How superior powers ought to be obeyed of their sub jects, c\c. in which he spoke against the government of women, but was obliged to retract his opinions before the lords of the councU. Strype, Annals, i. i. 184.] 22 JOHN JEWEL [let. reverential affection for your name, as long as I live. Your other books have long since been brought over by the book- seUers, and are purchased with the greatest eagemess; for every one is most anxious to see by what hunting spears the beast has been pierced. FareweU, my father and much esteemed master in Christ. Salute masters Bullinger, Bernardine, Gualter, Simler. I would add Frensham, did I not suppose that he was now at the bath, or on a journey ; for at this season of the year, when one hears the cuckoo,, he is rarely at home. London, April 28, 1559. Your very affectionate and most devoted, JOHN JEWEL. This is va-y fourth letter. LETTER VIII. JOHN FOXE TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Basie, May 6, 1559. Health in Christ. I send you an EngUsh [inessenger] with some beer; and intend also to come myseff, if I hear that [Frensham] is yet alive. I have thought fit therefore to send this express before hand with a hired horse, for I was unable to procure another, that I might know the sooner; and I pray you to order him, ff Frensham is living, to hasten his return to me as soon as possible. Should there be any occasion for a fm-ther supply, the beer wiU be more easily procurable at Aran', and at a less distance. May the Lord Jesus, the fountain of all health, preserve us to his glory. May 6, 1559, the day after your letter was brought hither. Basle. Yours in Christ, J- FOXE. P Aim is twenty-seven miles from Zurich, where Frensham was now confined by illness.] IX.] to PETER MARTYR. 23 LETTER IX. JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. London, [No date.] Much health. And what, after all, can I write to you? For we are. aU of us hitherto as strangers at home. Return then, you 'wiU say, to Zurich. Most earnestly do I wish, my father, that this may some time be possible : for, so far as I can see, there is no hope of your ever coming to England. 0 Zurich ! Zurich ! how much oftener do I now think of thee than ever I thought of England when I was at Zurich ! But though, as I observed, we are yet strangers in our own country, we hear sometimes ineffable and inexplicable things. Mischief, however, is often better kept at home ^. As to religion, it has been effected, I hope, under good auspices, that it shaU be restored to the same state as it was during your latest residence among us, under Edward. But, as far as I can perceive at present, there is not the same alacrity among our friends, as there lately was among the papists. So miserably is it ordered, that falsehood is armed, while trath is not only unarmed, but also frequently offensive. The scenic apparatus of divine worship is now under agitation ; and those very things which you and I have so often laughed at, are now seriously and solemnly entertained by certain persons, (for we are not consulted,) as if the christian religion could not exist without something tawdi-y. Our minds indeed are not sufficiently disengaged to make these fooleries of much im portance. Others are seeking after a golden, or as it rather seems to me, a leaden mediocrity ; and are crying out, that the . half is better than the whole. Some of our friends are marked out for bishops : Parker for Canterbury, Cox for Norwich, Barlow for Chichester, Scory for Hereford, and Grindal for London ; for Bonner is ordered to vacate his see. When they will take possession, I know not. " YloWaKi -ydp to kokoV KaraKeLiievov tVSoi/ ajxeivov. Theog'uis. 24 JOHN JEWEL [lET- From this flowering I can easily guess beforehand, as you do of wine, what kind of a vintage it wiU be- Our enemies in the mean time are watching their opportunity, and promise them selves that these things cannot last- In Scotland we hear that there have been some disturbances, I know not of what kind, respecting matters of religion ; that the nobles have driven out the monks, and taken possession of the monasteries ; that some French soldiers of the garrison have been slain in a riot ; and that the queen was so incensed as to proclaim the banishment of the preacher Knox by sound of.horn, according to the usual custom in Scotland, when they mean to send any one into exile. What has become of him, I know not. A commission is now appointed for the whole of England, with a view to the establishment of religion. Sandys wiU go into Lancashire, I into Devonshire, others into other parts. The queen decUnes being styled the head of the church, at which I certainly am not much displeased. MeanwhUe, what the hangman^ ofthe church [cavezzo deUa Chiesa] may think, or murmur, or what trouble he may give us, you who are less distant can hear more easily than ourselves. Om- papists oppose us most spitefully, and none more obstinately than those who have abandoned us. This it is to have once tasted of the mass ! He who drinks of it is mad. Depart from it, aU ye who value a sound mind ; who drinks of it is mad". They per ceive that when that palladium is removed, every thing else will be endangered. A peace has been concluded between us and the French, on condition that Calais shall be restored, after eight years, into the possession of the English. It will need a marveUously strong faith to make my friend Julius beUeve this. However it be, we are expecting sureties from France to that effect. Nothing is yet talked of about the queen's marriage ; yet there are now courting her the king of Sweden, the Saxon^ and Charles the son of [the emperor] Ferdinand, to say nothing of the Englishman, [Sir William] Pickering. I know however, [' The pope is probably intended by this expression.] " Qui bibit inde furit ; procul hinc discedite, quels est Mentis cura bona;: qui bibit inde furit. [" The son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony.] IX.] TO PETER MARTYR. 25 what I should prefer; but matters of this kind, as you are aware, are rather mysterious ; and we have a common proverb that marriages are made in heaven. Farewell, my father and much esteemed master in Christ. Salute, I pray you, in my name, the excellent old man master Bernardine, with masters Muralt and Wolf. The book which you sent as a present' to the queen, was delivered to her by Cecil. By some accident or other, it never came into my hands : as often, however, as I go to court, I inquire very particularly whether she has any thing to say about it ; but as yet I hear nothing. Whatever it be, I will take care to let you know. London. JOHN JEWEL. This is my fifth letter : you will find out whether any have been lost. LETTER X. JOHN FOXE TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Basle, May 13, 1559. Much health, most learned and very dear [friend] in Christ our Lord. Master Abel, an EngUsh merchant, has within these few days written to me from Strasburgh, in which letter of his were inclosed some from England, written to yourself and masters Simler, Gualter, and Gesner. Should they reach you, I wish my letter, in which they were inclosed, to be forwarded to me at this place. Should they not reach you, I would not have you ignorant of the fact of their existence ; for I have been informed of it by another letter of Abel written to myself. These letters, as far as I can learn, were dispatched to you from England in the month of March, and sent here in April; and novv, in the month of May, I understand they have not yet been delivered. I had more over written to Frensham, who is with you, on the 2.3rd of p See p. 21.] 26 JOHN FOXE TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. April, and do not yet know whether my letter has lieen received. I am exceedingly anxious to learn the state of his health. Your exceUence wiU condescend to advise him in this respect, and at the same time to afford him, in case of necessity, any assistance in your power. / I am here harassed to the utmost of my strength, and almost beyond my strength, in coUecting the histories of the Martyrs. Should you be in any way able to help me in this matter, I shall be glad of your assistance. And this you may do, if you wiU obtain from master Bernardine, and the other Italians resident in your city, a short statement of such occurrences of this kind as may have taken place in Italy ; and also, if you will put down in a few words, whatever your memory may retain respecting events which have happened in your own neighbourhood, noting at least the names of the individuals and the places. For although I am more imme diately concerned with British history, yet I shall not pass over the sacred history of other nations, should it come in my way. May the Lord Jesus direct your health, studies, and labours for his glory! Basle. The day before the, feast of Pentecost, 1559. Yours in Christ, JOHN FOXE. LETTER XI. RICHARD COX TO WOLFGANG ^VEIDNER. Dated at London, May 20, 1559. Whenever I should leave Worms, my venerable friend, and much esteemed brother in Christ, I always determined 'with myself to write to you, and give you information some time or other respecting the state and condition of om- affairs ; which I considered it would not be disagreeable to you to hear, by reason of that ardent and sincere zeal with which you are always affected towai-ds the gospel of Christ Jesus. I must XI.] RICHARD cox TO 'WOLFGANG WEIDNER. 27 confess that I have hitherto been constrained unwillingly to be silent, lest I should have to relate matters which would afford you no pleasure. Under the cruel reign of Mary, though but for the space of five years, popery so much increased both in numbers and strength, that it was hardly to be imagined how much the minds of the papists were hardened ; so that it was not without great difficulty that our pious queen, with those about her who stood forth vrith alacrity on the side of trath, could obtain room for the sincere religion of Christ. The bishops, the scribes and Pharisees, opposed it in our great coun cU, which from a French word we call the parUament ; and because they had in that place but few who durst even open their mouths against them, they always appeared to gain the victory. MeanwhUe we, that little flock, who for these last five years, by the blessing of God, have been hidden among you in Germany, are thundering forth in our pulpits, and especiaUy before our queen Elizabeth, that the Roman pontiff is truly antichrist, and that traditions are for the most part mere blas phemies. At length many of the nobUity, and vast numbers of the, people, began by degrees to return to their senses ; but of the clergy none at aU. For the whole body remain unmoved, "Tanquam dura sUex, aut stet Marpesia cautes," as the poet sings. The matter at last came to this, that' eight of their leaders, either bishops, or the most select from among their men of leaming, were to dispute concerning some heads of religion with eight of our abject and exUed party. And, to avoid a war of words, it was agreed to manage the debate in writing. The day was fixed: we are aU present. The queen's council are present, and almost all the nobiUty. It was decided that the opposite party should first deliver their sentiments about the matters in dispute. One of them^, in the name of the rest, like Goliath against David, comes vauntingly forward with his own statement, defends, and as it would seem, con firms it by irrefragable arguments, and congratulates himself as having already obtained the victory. 'One of our party replied, relying on the truth, and not upon high-flown lan guage ; in the fear of the Lord, and not with the boasted affectation of leaming. When the reply was concluded, an incre- [} See above p. 10, and Stiype, Annals, i. i. 128, &c.] [^ Dr Cole. See ^bove p. 14.] P Dr Horn. See above p. 16.] 28 RICHARD cox TO WOLFGANG WEIDNER. [lET. dible applause of the audience was excited, to the great pertur bation and confusion of our opponents. The other day arrives, appointed for a similar disputation. The opposite party is requested by the president' to proceed in the order before agreed upon, namely, that they should fii-st declare their opinion respecting the next point in dispute, and that we should foUow them. This however they refuse to do, being alarmed at the ill success of the preceding day's contest ; and cry out that it is unjust for them to begin the dispute, who had so many years continued in possession of the cathoUc church ; and that if we had any thing to say against them, we should bring it forward, that they niight refute us by their authority, and silence us as degenerate sons, who had long since departed from the unity of the church. Thanks to Christ our Lord, they are very pro perly checked in their resistance to the order of the president, and lose their cause. The sincere religion of Christ is there fore estabUshed among us in all parts of the kingdom, just in the same manner as it was formerly promulgated under our Edward, of most blessed memory. I have thought fit to wi-ite this brief but certain inteUigence to one, who will, I know, truly rejoice in om- joy ; that you may together with us return thanks to the Lord om- God, who of his truly fatherly compassion has regarded and comforted us in our low estate of humiliation and distress. May he grant that these his so great and inestimable benefits may never be forgotten by us ! Your kindness wiU do me a great favour, if you wiU be pleased to communicate the above inteUigence to my exceUent friends master James Cornicius, the phA'sician, and Vespasian Fittich. We ai-e already endeavouring to break down and destroy the popish fences, and to repair under happy auspices the vineyard ofthe Lord. We are now at work ; but the harvest is plenteous, and the labourers few: let us ask the Lord to send labourers into his harvest. These few things I had to communicate to you, as my regard dictates. May the Lord Jesus preserve you, and increase your piety even unto your last breath ! London in England, May 20, 1559. Your most devoted, RICHARD COX. [' The Lord Keeper Bacon.] xa.] JOHN PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 29 LETTER XIL JOHN PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, May 21, 1659. Jewel and I received your very courteous letter at the beginning of April, by which I perceived your intention of sending your son Rodolph, at some appointed time, to improve his education at the university of Oxford. This, however, as things now are, I would not advise you to do ; for it is as yet'- a den of thieves, and of those who hate the light. There are but few gospellers there, and many papists. But when it shall have been reformed, which we both hope and desire may ere long be the case, let your Rodolph at length come over. I will not now tell you how much I shaU be gratified by his arrival in England ; for I would express my regard towards him by deeds rather than words. The Book^ of Common Prayer, set forth in the time of king Edward, is now again in general use throughout England, and will be every where, in spite of the struggles and opposition of the pseudo-bishops. The queen is not 'wiUing to be caUed the head of the church of England, although this title has been offered her; but she 'wiUingly accepts the title of governor, which amounts to the same thing. The pope is again driven from England, to the great regret of the bishops and the whole tribe of shaveUngs. The mass is abolished. The parliament broke up on the eighth^ of May. The earl of Bedford has made a present of three crowns to our friend Wolfgang, who in this respect is more fortunate than many others. The bishops are in future to have no palaces, estates, or country seats. The present owners are to enjoy for Ufe those P By the act for the uniformity of Common Prayer passed this par liament. For a note of the differences between the two books, see Strype, Annals, i. i. 122.] P For the Lord Keeper's speech at the dissolution of parliament, see Strype, Annals, i. i. 99.] •30 JOHN PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. they are now in possession of. They are worthy of being sus- •' pended, not only from their office, but from a halter; for they are as so many Davuses, throwing every thing into confusion. The monasteries wiU be dissolved in a short time. I cannot now write more, for within four days I have to contend in my native^ place, both from the pulpit and in mutual conference, 'with those horrid monsters of Arianism ; for which end I have read with much attention your veiy learned treatise on both natures in Christ- I hope to come sufficiently pre pared to the contest, and so to overcome the enemies of Christ- Christ lives, he reigns, and wiU reign, m spite of Arians, Ana baptists, and papists- FareweU ! most exceUent and very dear su-- Overwhelm, so to speak, with salutations in my name your good wife, sons^ and daughters, and most honourable sons-in-law- The good Lavater has done me a very great kindness in sending me so exceUent a book, and one too which is Zurich all over. Salute for me masters Bibliander, Collin, Haller, Wolfius, Wickius, Frisius, Bernardine, Ammian, Meyer, Sebastian, Coler, Func- kius, PeUican, Froschover, and all friends- My wife salutes you, your wife, sons and daughters, and all friends- She very frequently faUs into tears when any mention is made of the ladies of Zurich- To your honourable magistrates, to the city and all the territory of Zurich, I wish every happiness. City' of Zm-ich, farewell. Woe betide those who wish thee not all prosperity. City of Zurich, fareweU. In haste. London, May 21, 1559. Most entirely yours, JOHN PARKHURST. [' Viz. Guildford in Surrey.] P BuUinger had six sons and five daughtei-s. Of the former, three died young; two were ministers, and another died in France, in the troops of the prince of Orange, in 1569. Three of the daughters were married to ministers of Zurich: namely, to Hulric ZuingUus, son of the Reformer, to Lewis Lavater ; and to Josiah Simler.] ' Urbs Tigurma, vale : valeant male, prospera cuncta Qui tibi non optant.: urbs Tigurma, vale. Xlll.] JOHN PARKHURST TO CONRAD GESNER. 31 LETTER XIIL JOHN PARKHURST TO CONRAD GESNER. Dated at LoNnoN, May 21, 1559. Hail ! again and again, most iUustrious and very dear Gesner. As soon as I came to London, I sought out your friend Caius*, that I might give him your letter ; and, as he was from home, I delivered it to his maid servant ; for he has no wife, nor ever had one. Not a week passes in which I do not go to his house two or three times. I knock at the door ; a girl answers the knock, but without opening the door, and, peeping through a crevice, asks me what I want. I ask in reply, where is her master? whether he is ever at home, or means to be ? She always denies him to be in the house. He seems to be evei-y where and no where, and is now abroad, so that I do not know what to write about him. I shall certainly teU him something to his face, whenever I have the chance to meet him ; and he shall know what kind of a man he has to deal with. The pope is again cast out of England- This sadly annoys the mass-mongers. The pseudo-bishops opposed with aU their might the pious designs of the queen ; and, to be brief, brought upon themselves a consummation much desired by aU good men. They are now abhorred both by God and man, and never creep out into public unless they are compelled to do so, lest perchance a tumult should arise among the people. Many call them iutchers to their face. Whatever other news there may be, I have already written in my letters to our other friends. As I think the trifle I now send you will not be sufficient, I wiU send more ; but it must be when I am richer than I am at present, (for we are all of us at this time poorer [* This was the celebrated co-founder of Caius College, Cambridge, and court physician in the reigns of Edward VL, queen Mary, and queen Elizabeth. Between him and Gesner an intimate friendsliip existed, and the latter, who was so eminent a scholar, philosopher and naturalist, as to have acquired the name of the Pliny of Germany, speaks of Caius in terms of the highest commendation, caUing liim, in au epistle to queen Elizabeth, "the most leamed physician of lus age."] 32 JOHN JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. than Irus himself,) and you shall then perceive that I am not unmindful of you. Farewell. Salute in my name your wife, Frisius, Simler, and aU my other friends. My wife salutes you all. In haste. London, May 21, 1559. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST. LETTER XIV. JOHN JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, May 22, 1559. Much health. Your letter, most accompUshed sir, was most gratifying to my friend Parkhm-st and myself, both as coming from one to whom we can never forget how greatly we are indebted, and also, as retaining the deepest traces of that courtesy and kindness of yours towards us, which we so largely experienced during the whole time of our exile. And I wish we may be able, some time or other, in some measure to requite your kindness : but however this may be, the inclination, at least, shaU not be wanting. Your exhortation that we should act with firmness and resolution, was a stimulus so far from being unacceptable to us, that it was almost necessai-y. For we have at this time not only to contend with our adversaries, but even with those of our friends who, of late years, have fallen away from us, and gone over to the opposite party ; and who are now opposing us with a bitterness and obstinacy far ex ceeding that of any common enemy ; and, what is most vexa tious, we have to struggle with what has been left us by the Spaniards, that is, with the foulest vices, pride, luxury, and licentiousness. We are doing, however, and have done, all that is in our power : may God prosper our exertions, and give them a happy issue ! But at present we ai-e so living, as scarcely to seem like persons returned from exUe ; for to say nothing XIV.] TO HENEY BULLINGER. S3 else, not one of us has yet had even his own property restored to him'. Yet, although this long waiting is very tiresome to us, we doubt not but that in a short time all will be well. For we have a wise and reUgious queen, and one too who is favourably and propitiously disposed towards us. Religion^ is again placed on the same footing on which it stood in king Edward's time ; to which event, I doubt not, but that your own letters and exhortations, and those of your repubUc, have powerfully contributed. The queen is unwilUng to be addressed, either by word of mouth, or in writing, as the head^ of the church of England. For she seriously maintains that this honour is due to Christ alone, and cannot belong to any human being soever ; besides which, these titles have been so foully contaminated by antichrist, that they can no longer be adopted by any one without impiety. Our universities ai-e so depressed and ruined, that at Oxford* there are scarcely two individuals who think with us ; and even they are so dejected and broken in spirit, that they can do nothing. That despicable friar Soto and another' Spanish monk, I know not who, have so torn up by the roots all that Peter Martyr had so prosperously planted, that they have re duced the vineyard of the Lord into a wilderness. You would scarcely believe so much desolation could have been effected in so short a time. So that, although it would give me the greatest pleasure, under other circumstances, to see even a dog from Zurich in England, yet I cannot at this time recommend you to send your young men to us, either for a learned or re ligious education, unless you would have thera sent back to you wicked and barbarous. [' A bUl for this pui-pose passed the commons May 2, and was read a third time in the upper house. Yet, says Strype, I do not find it was enacted and passed into a law. Annals, i. i. 99.] [^ See p. 28. The 24th day of June was the day appointed by the late parliament, from which the new service book was to be only used in the churches throughout England. Strype, Annals, i. i. 200. He says, p. 199, that the new morning prayer began in September at St Antholin's, London, the beU beginning to ring at five; when a psalm was sung after the Geneva fashion, aU the congregation, men, women, and boys, singing together.] \} See pp. 24, 29.] P See pp. 11, 29.] P John de VUla Garsya. Strype, Mem. iii. u. 29.] 3 34! JOHN JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. The Lord Russel lately asked me in what way he could most oblige both yourself and your other brethren and feUow ministers. He felt, in truth, an inclination to send you some acknowledgment of your kindness and hospitaUty, which he is continuaUy commending. I told hira, that nothing could be more acceptable to yourself and your friends, than for him studiously and boldly to promote the religion of Christ, and repress the insolence of the papists. This he promised that he would do, and he certainly does, as far as Ues in his power. The ambassadors' of the French king arrived to-day in London, to offer their congratulations about the peace. The head of the embassy is the young duke de Montmorenci. Nothing is yet said respecting the queen's marriage. The son of John Frederick [duke of Saxony,] and the second brother of [the emperor] MaximUian, are her suitors^. The pubUc opinion, however, incUnes towards [Sir WiUiam] Pickering, an EngUshman, a wise and religious man, and highly gifted as to personal qualities. May God prosper the event, whatever it be ! This is the first letter that I have written separately to yourself since my return to England- But as I know that Peter Martyr, from the great intimacy that subsists between you, has communicated to you my letter to him, so I have no hesitation in regarding what I have written to him just the same as if it had been addressed to yourself- FareweU, my father, and much esteemed master in Christ. Salute that exceUent lady your wife, masters Gualter, Simler, ZuingUus and Lavater- Should there be any thing in which I can conduce either to the comfort or advantage of yom-self or your friends, I promise you not only my labom-, zeal, and diU gence, but also every effort both of mind and body- London, May 22, 1559- Your much attached, JOHN JEWEL- [' For the account of theii- arrival, see Strype, Annals, i. i. 285.] [* The queen was courted ahnost at the same time by Chai-les, Duke of Austria; James, Eari of Arran; Erick, Kmg of Sweden; A'dolph, Duke of Holstein; Sir WiUiam Pickermg, a brave, wise, comely English gentleman; the Earl of Arundel, of very ancient nobility; and the Lord Robert Dudley, the late Duke of Northumberland's son, and the queen's especial favourite. Strype, Pai-ker, 1. 164.] XV.] JOHN FOXE TO HENRY BULLINGER. 35 LETTER XV. JOHN FOXE TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Basle, June 17, 1569. Health in the Lord. There was no need of your using any entreaty, my dearest BulUnger, whenever you might per ceive any occasion for the employment of my services. Respecting the letters you mention, I have again called upon Peter Maclaine, a bookseller of this place, to whom those letters were directed by Abel, as he writes me word. My friend Lawrence was also with me, to whom Abel had directed (as he wrote me word) the entire packet of my letters. Peter replied to us in this way; that some one came to him with letters, who was not a carrier himself, but either hired by a carrier, or else one who had bought the letters from the carrier, that he might afterwards resell them with greater profit [upon the carriage]. Peter, being displeased at the unreasonableness of his demand, and seeing that the matter was no business of his, but of the English, for the sake of sparing his money sent the man to the neighbouring public- house, [the sign of] the WUd Man, teUing him that he would there meet with some EngUshmen who would take the letters offhis hands. And yet I know that, besides om-selves, there were at that time no Englishmen in the town ; and I cannot sufficiently wonder how it could come into Peter's mind to send the person to the Wild Man, when he knew weU enough whereabouts in the to'wn we ourselves dwelt, to whom he might much more properly have, sent the man. But when I expostulated with Peter on this point, he replied, that he thought, and had heard, that there were some English at that time Uving at the WUd Man, &c. The case is this : because this Peter was unwilling to lay out his money on this covetous feUow, we have lost our letters. At which, however, I am not so much concerned on my own account, and that of my letters, which I have lost, (for they were inclosed in the same packet,) as for the sake of your letter, my best and dearest master 3—2 36 JOHN foxe [let. BuUinger, which, as I learn from you, was written to you by an old friend. And I wish, as I then told Peter, that I had given him three times the money, if he had but satisfied the letter-carrier, or rather, I should say, the letter-stealer. And to confess to you ingenuously and sincerely, in proportion as I perceive you to be anxious about the letter, this same thing occasions greater uneasiness to myself; nor do I know what I can do more, or where I can make any farther inquiry on the subject. Although your letter gives me but little hope respecting Frensham, yet, as he is stiU alive, and as long as he continues so, we must not cease to have some hopes of him. There was an EngUsh youth here of sixteen years old, who was in this present year not only on the borders of death through a simUar cough and consumption, but even looked like death itself; and yet, to the astonishment of our physicians, he recovered, and is gone with his parents into England. To Christ the Lord be the praise! And I wish that our friend Frensham may sometime have to laugh at your physicians in the same way, should it seem good to the Lord Christ, the chief Physician. But may his holy wUl be done. If you have any thing concerning master Grinseus, whom you mention in your letter, I pray you to forward it hither, and let me know as soon as possible. I wish to know whether Hoper married a wife^ from among you yonder, or here at Basle. While I am collecting accounts of the other German martyrs, I would not have ZuingUus alone to be passed over. If you have, or if you choose, to communicate any tiling respecting him, I wUl take care, God wiUing, that it shall be printed in England, if it cannot be done so conveniently by the printers in Germany. I am desirous, if the Lord shall spare my Ufe, of visiting and saluting you yonder, most kind and learned BuUinger, before my retum home. Exhort Frensham, I pray you, if he is yet living, not to be so desponding in his mind as to cast P Strype Mem. ii. i. 399, says that Hoper's wife was an Helvetian woman ; but in another place he calls her " a discreet woman of the Low Countries." Mem. ii. i. 170. Other accounts make her a native of Burgundy.] ^V-J TO HENRY BULLINGER. 37 away all hope of recovery ; and not to let his mental anxiety seem greater than his bodily disease. Salute, I pray you, master Peter Martyr very much in my name. May the Lord Jesus advance your labom-s together with your safety, to the advantage of his church ! Araen- Basle, June 17, 1559. Yours in Christ, JOHN FOXE. P. S. Give, I pray you, this second letter to Frensham, if he is yet alive. LETTER XV*^ JOHN FOXE TO FRENSHAM. Dated at Basle, June 17, [15,59]. D. Frenshamo, animi et corporis salutem in Christo. Master Frensham. As you in your letters have oft com forted me, so I would I should Ukewise comfort you : but where my comfort is sraall, the Lord infuse the Comforter of aU, and work in you sure consolation which may comfort both your body and soul ! In whom I desire you to be strong and vali ant, so much as the weakness of your disease can bear. Be nothing discouraged, nor be out of hope in yourself. I have seen some of our countrymen in the like disease of utter weak ness return fuU weU. I desire you in your contemplation of Christ, let your spirit be so noble and high in hira, that you may tread under your feet all other things, seem they never so strong, mighty, P This letter is transcribed from the original E'n^/w/t, which was inclosed in the preceding one to BuUinger, and did not probably reach Zurich till after the death of the person to whom it was addressed. (See Letter xix.) It is numbered as above, to preserve the continuity of the series translated from the Latin originals.] 38 JOHN FOXE TO FRENSHAM. [let. terrible, or great in this world ; for he that hath overcome the worid, what hath he not overcome in this world ? Life or death, sickness or health, things present or to come, height or low, are nothing in Chi-ist. Only, ray brother, master Frensham, a hearty faith in Jesus Christ is altogether whereby alone we miserable and contemptible nothings are saved, do stand, do triumph, yea, in death, yea, over death, in sin, yea, over sm, and finaUy have victory over aU evils, sin, death, heU, Satan, and aU. For so it hath pleased the Father, to save us by this faith only in his Son, to the end that we seeing his_ justice should not otherwise be satisfied but by his Son, we might the more fear him for his great righteousness, and love him for his great mercy, bemg saved by this faith in his Son. To this aU the scripture beareth witness. The Lord Jesus shew us the quickening and sealing of this faith in our duU senses ! To wiU you this is my prayer ; as I do not cease, so I do not despair of your recovery altogether : the mighty Lord Jesus, if it be his pleasure, put to his helping hand in restoring you again ! His good wiU be done. The bottle ye sent is not yet come to rae. Basileae, June 27, [1559]- Ti-uly in Christ, JOHN FOXE- LETTER XVL JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR- Dated at London, Aug. 1, 1559. I HAVE hitherto, my father, written to you less frequently, because raany engageraents, both of a pubUc and private na ture, have prevented ray correspondence. I now write, not because I have more leisure than heretofore, but because I shaU have much less in future than I have at present. For I have now one foot on the ground, and the other almost on my XVI.] JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. 39 horse's back. I am on the point of setting out upon a long and troublesome commission' for the estabUshment of religion, through Reading, Abingdon, Gloucester, Bristol, Bath, WeUs, Exeter, CornwaU, Dorset, and SaUsbm-y. The extent of my journey wUl be about seven hundred miles, so that I imagine we shall hardly be able to return in less than four months » Wherefore, lest you should in the mean time suppose me dead, notwithstanding I wrote to you twelve days since upon our common affairs, I think it not unmeet to send you this short greeting at the very moment of my setting out. Our affairs are now in a favourable condition. The queen is ex ceedingly weU disposed; and the people everywhere thirsting after religion. The bishops, rather than abandon the pope, whom they have so often abjul-ed before, are wiUing to sub mit to every thing. Not, however, that they do so for the sake of religion, of which they have none ; but for the sake of consistency, which the miserable knaves now choose to call their conscience. Now that religion is everywhere changed, the mass-priests absent themselves altogether from public worship, as if it were the greatest impiety to have any thing in common with the people of God. But the fury of these wretches is so great that nothing can exceed it. They are altogether fuU of hopes and anticipations, (for, as you know, they are a raost anticipative race, and mightily addicted to futuritions,) that these things cannot last long. But, what ever raay happen in future, we render thanks to Almighty God that our affairs are as they are. Every thing is in a ferraent in Scotland. Knox'', sur rounded by a thousand foUowers, is holding assemblies through^ out the whole kingdom. The old queen (dowager) has been compeUed to shut herself up in garrison. The nobUity with united hearts and hands are restoring religion throughout the country, in spite of aU opposition. AU the monasteries are every where leveUed with the ground : the theatrical dresses, [1 This commission was dated July 19, 1559, and addressed to WiUiam, Eari of Pembroke, John Jewel, S. Th. P., Henry Parry, Licentiate in Laws, and WUl. Lovelace, laivyer. Strype, Annals i. i. 248.] P Knox arrived in Edinburgh from France, May 2, 1559. Strype; Annals, i. i. 176.] 40 JOHN JEWEL [let. the sacrUegious chalices, the idols, the altars, are consigned to the flames ; not a vestige of the ancient superstition and idolatry is left. What do you ask for? You have often heard of drinling like a ScytUm; but this is churching it lilce a Scythian. The king of France that now is, styles himseff king of Scotland, and in case of any thing happening to our queen, (which God forefend !) heir of England- You must not be surprised ff our people are indignant at this ; and how the matter wUl at length turn out, God only can determine- A common enemy perhaps, as is sometimes the case, may be the occasion of reconcUing with us our neigh bour Scotland; in which event, although the [queen's] mar riage should also take place,— but I wiU not prognosticate - Master Heton salutes you, and that not less affectionately than ff you were his father- Some of us are appomted to bishopricks ; Cox to Ely, Scory to Hereford, AUen to Roches ter, Grindal to London, Barlow to Chichester, and I, the least of the apostles, to Salisbury. But this burden I have positively determined to shake off. In the mean time there is a dismal solitude in our Universities. The young men are flying about in aU directions, rather than come to an agreement in matters of religion. But my companions are waiting for me, and caUing to me to set off. FareweU, therefore, my father, and my pride. Salute that reverend man, and on so raany accounts dearly- beloved in Christ, raaster BuUinger, to whom also, if I had time, I would send a separate letter. Salute masters Gualter, Simler, Lavater, Haller, Gesner, Frisius, Herman. I have five golden pistoles frora master Bartholomew Compagni, for the venerable old man master Bernardine, with a letter to him from the same. I would write to him concerning the whole business, were I not prevented by want of time. I pray you, however, to let him laiow, that, e-xcept [the payment of] this money, nothing else is settled. Coiui; affairs, as far as I can see, are so difficult of management, that I know not whether any thing can be made of it. The queen is now a long way off in Kent', so that nothing can be done. p July I7th. The Queen removed from Green'wich in her progi-ess, and goes to Dartford in Kent. August Sth she was at Eltham. Strype, Annals, i. i. 289.] xvn.] TO peter MARTYR. 41 Farewell my father, farewell. May you be as happy as 1 can wish you ! Salute in ray name your Julius, and Anna, and your Uttle son, [MartyriUus.] London, Aug. 1, 1559. Your every way most attached, JOHN JEWEL. LETTER XVIL JOHN FOXE TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Basle, August 2, 1559. Grace and health through Christ our Lord. Either all my conjectures deceive me, most courteous Henry, or I have at ^ last discovered those letters of ours which were so long lost. In which matter I am more indebted to some sort of accident, than to any pains taken about it. The occasion was this: there came into a merchant's house by reason of some letters, I know not what, a certain honest Italian, the husband of Peter Perne's sister. The master and head manager of that house offered him some letters to read, thinking they were written in Italian. Although this ItaUan was unacquainted with EngUsh, yet seeing my name on the address, he forth with came to me with the letters, and told me that the master of the house [above-mentioned] desired I would come to him immediately. I went forthwith, taking with me my friend Lawrence, and a certain under-schoolmaster of Basle to act as interpreter. The raaster states that this letter, long» since thrown aside, had been lately discovered by a servant boy; and that there had also been found other letters written both to yourself and master Gesner, which he had already given to Peter Maclaine to forward to you. On opening mine, I find ^ it to be the same as was sent to me from Abel at the same time and in the same packet with yours ; which circumstance leads me to conjecture that they are the very same letters of ours which we were looking for. You will better ascertain 42 JOHN foxe To henry bullinger. [^et. this when you have opened them; and I wish that you would let me know at your leisure. If master Frensham is stUl living, I pray God that he may long live. Do you bid and exhort him not to despair of himself, and much less of the divine favom-, which, should it seem expedient, can easily exceed aU the powers of medicme, and deceive the expectations of the physicians theraselves. Yet I have not heard of any physician who openly and posi tively despaired of him. And ff they did despair, they are better judges perhaps of German [constitutions] than of EngUsh ones. I desire that you would inform rae in time, ifyou have any information respecting the martyrs, either about Bartholo mew Grinffius, as you seem to intimate in your letter, or about the whole affair and cause of ZuuigUus. If the history of ZuingUus cannot be printed here, it can nevertheless be done in England, and no where better. Salute in Christ master Frensham among others, and master Peter Martyr. Be mindful of me in your prayers to the Lord. Basle, Aug. 2, 1559. Yours in Christ, JOHN FOXE. LETTER XVIIL JOHN FOXE TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Basle, Sept. 26, 1559. Much health. Though it was neither my inclination nor design, most leamed BuUinger, to send forth in these times the' books on the Eucharist by the Archbishop of Canterbury, [} Foxe aUudes to a Latin translation, finished by him in June 1657, of the controversy between Archbishop Cranmer and Gardiner, Bishop of Wuichester, about the Eucharist. ^VliUe he was preparing to pubUsli this book, as appears from this letter, an order was set forth in those parts, forbidding printing of any books ; and though, in fine, Froschover undertook the printing of it, and Foxe delivered part ofthe i;opy to him, xvm.] JOHN foxe to henry bullinger. 43 translated by me [into Latin], especiaUy when I perceive a general conflict of judgments and opinions no less than of arms ; yet as yom- friend Christopher here has of his own accord, and with so much candour, promised his aid and assistance in this matter, I have again begun to apply my mind to a subject long intermitted and almost despaired of. But I should be loth to occasion any delay, if only the thing shall appear either to him or yourseff to be of such a nature, that the interests of the church demand my services ; and I have already stated this in my former letters to you. Having at last consulted with Froschover, it has seemed necessary to both of us, and especiaUy to myseff, not to take any steps in this matter without your advice and approval before hand. I request you therefore, most learned BuUinger, to undertake a dUigent investigation into the subject. For I have determined to send you in a few days (Christ wiUing), by Froschover's advice, some portion [of ray translation] ; which I should have done at this time, only that it requires to be more accm-ately written out for your more easy perusal. For I am stiU so much busied in translating the Greek councils vrith a double commentary, and also in compiling the history of our martyrs, and other engagements, that I have hardly a spare moment for writing out any thing : so that you wiU be less surprised at my having written this present letter with so little attention. I wish; raost leamed Sir, that you may live in happiness. Basle, Sept. 26, 1559. Yours in Christ, JOHN FOXE. the business stiU underwent delay ; and Foxe himself seemed to be cooler in it, knowing how exulcerated those times were with sacramental con troversies : so that only some part of the work was printed. See Strype's Grindal, p. 19, &c., and Cranmer, p. 375.] 44 JOHN JEWEL [let. LETTER XIX. JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London JVov. 2, 1559. I HAVE at last retumed to London, with a body wora out by a raost fatiguing joumey. You probably supposed me dead, because 1 did not write : meanwhile, I was kept away three whole months by this very tedious and troublesorae commission. While I was at Bristol, there was delivered to me that letter from you which our friend Randolph' had brought with him; written in so friendly and agreeable a manner, as altogether to remove from my mind the weari someness both of the journey and of my employments. For I could then fancy myself to be conversing with you just as if you had been present. Randolph had gone away into France before my return : so that poor I was deprived of a great part of those delightful communications which you had personally charged him with. My letter, I perceive, was lost on the road; for that which I had sent you as the eighth, was, I find, only the fifth that had reached you. But what, you wiU say, has been done after all by this commission of yours ? Receive then in one word, what it took me a long time to investigate. We found evei-y where the people sufficiently well disposed towards religion, and even in those quarters where we expected most difficulty. It is however hardly credible what a harvest, or rather what a wilderness of superstition had sprung up in the darkness of the Marian tiraes. We found in aU places votive relics of saints, nails with which the infatuated people dreamed that Christ had been pierced, and I know not what small fragments of the sacred cross. The number of witches and sorceresses' [^ It would seem from the extract from the state papers given in pp. 56, 57, (No. 7) that Randolph, who was entrusted with the safe conveyance of the earl of Arran from France into Scotland, visited Peter Martyr at Zurich during this journey, from whom he brought the letter here referred to.] [" A BiU against witchcraft and enchantments was brought into the house of Lords from the lower house AprU 27, 1659, and was passed in the following session. Strype, Annals, i. i. 88.] XIX ] TO PETER MARTYR. 45 had every where become enormous. The cathedral churches were nothing else but dens of thieves, or worse, if any thing worse or more foul can be mentioned. If inveterate obstinacy was found any where, it was altogether among the priests, those especiaUy who had once been on our side. They are now throwing all things into cpnfusion, in order, I suppose, that they may not seem to have changed their opinions without due consideration. But let them make what disturbance they please ; we have in the mean time disturbed them from their rank and office. That consistent man, Harding', has preferred to change his condition rather than his opinions. SidalP has subscribed too, and with equal consistency, that is, sorely against his wiU. But your friend Smith', what has he done! you wUl ask. Can any good thing come out of Nazareth ? Believe me, that he might retain his old consistency, he has now at last recanted for the fifth time ! The sUly man, when he saw religion change, changed his habit, and forthwith prepared to take refuge in Scotland ; but while he was loitering on the borders, he was apprehended, and brought back from his travels. And now this grave personage, this prop and support of religion, has come over to us, deserted all his pai-ty, and become all of a sudden the most inveterate eneray of the papists. Go now and deny transubstantlation, if you can. The ranks of the papists have fallen alraost of their own accord. Oh ! if we were not wanting in our exertions, there iriight yet be good hopes of religion. But it is no easy raatter to drag the chariot without horses, especially up hill. Yesterday, as soon as I returned to London, I heard from the Archbishop of Canterbury that you are invited hither, and that your old lectureship is kept open for you. I know not how true this may be ; I can only affirm thus much, that P T. Harding, of New CoUege, Oxford; who under King Edward VI. had been a very zealous protestant, but under queen Mary came about, and was as hot the other way, being prefen-ed under her to a prebend of Winchester, and the treasurership of Sarum. Strype, Annals, I. ii. 176.] [* Henry SidaU, a vigorous defender of the truth in king Edward's time, recanted under queen Mary, and subscribed to queen Elizabeth's supremacy. Strype, Cranmer, 286 ; Parker, 1. 164. See p. 18.] [" See above, p. 12.] 46 JOHN JEWEL [let. no Professor of Divinity is yet appointed at Oxford. For my own part, my father, I most exceedingly long to see you, and especially in England ; and how can I do otherwise than desire this, who am so perpetually desiring to see you even at Zurich ? But I know your pmdence ; and you know the character and disposition of us islanders. I pray that what we now see the begiiming of may be lasting. Nothmg can be in a more desperate condition than the [Di'vinity] school is at present. You wUl think, that when you were formerly there, you had employed aU yom- exertions to no purpose. ^"Thus in the garden that was once so gay. The darnel and the barren weed bear sway." Your book on Vows^ Uke all your other works, is caught up with the greatest avidity. We are aU now looking for you to publish your further commentaries on the book of Judges, and on the two books of Samuel; for aU our friends are now aware that you have those books in hand, and are , intending to publish them. The Swede", and Charles'*, the son of [the emperor] Ferdinand, are courting at a most marvellous rate. But the Swede is most in eai-nest, for he promises mountains' of silver in case of success. The lady however is probably thinking of an aUiance nearer home. My friend AUen" has departed this life, after ha'ving been nominated bishop of Rochester. We hear at this tiine no thing from Scotland that can be new to you. The gospel is taught; churches are dUigently brought together, and all the monuments of the old superstition demoUshed. The ^ Infelix lolium et sterUes dominantur avenae. — Vmo. P A refutation of Richard Smith's two books, conceming single life and monkish vows.] P The prince of Sweden, whose title was duke of Finland, landed at Harwich on Sept. 27, 1569, and reached London Oct. 5. His object was to make suit to the queen on behalf of the king [Eric XIV.] his brotiier. Stiype, Annals, i. i. 291. 368.] [* Archduke of Austria, and brother ofthe eraperor MaximUian.] [^ Aug. 30, 1661, the news was that the king of Sweden was sending a gi-eat number of waggons laden with massy buUion, and other things of value to England. He continued his courtship most eagerly tUl 1662. Strype, Annals, i. i. 406.] [« Edmund Allen, an exUe for reUgion in the reign of queen Mary. He was buried on the SOth of August. Strype, Annals, i. i. 199^] XIX.] to PETER MARTYR. 47 French however are stiU hoping to retain both the kingdom and their religion. Whatever may happen, I 'will write to you fuUy at another time. That sixtieth year is now ap proaching, concerning which you were sometimes wont to relate some wonderful predictions of a certain Italian, named Torquatus''. God grant us the enjoyment of real and sub stantial joy, that the man of perdition may at length be made manifest to the whole world, and the trath of the gospel of Jesus Christ be universaUy exhibited ! FareweU, my father, and salute your wife'' in my name, a lady indeed personaUy unknown to me, but with whom I am nevertheless now weU acquainted, both by your letter, and our friend Abel's coramendation of her. I congratulate you on her account, and her on yours. Salute masters BuUinger, Gualter, Bemardine, Herman, Julius, his wffe, and my little Martyr. A long fareweU to my friend Frensham", who I imagine has now departed from you to be with Christ. All our friends salute you, and wish you every happiness. London, November 2, 1559. Yours most heartily, JOHN JEWEL. Master Heton'" urgently entreated me to salute you in his name. Oould he write Latin hiraself, he would not raake use of my pen : believe me, there is no one who speaks of you more frequently, or with greater coraraendation. His vrife also sends her respects both to you and yours. \J Torquatus was a physician and astrologer at Ferrara, in the 15th century. He 'wrote a "prognostic" of the ruin of Europe, dedicated to Matthias king of Hungary, in which he foretold events from 1480 to 1640.] P Catherine Merenda, Peter Martyr's second 'vsdfe, was recommended to him from the ItaUan church at Geneva, where she lived an exile for reUgion.] ' [" See Letter XV*.] [" Thomas Heton, a merchant of London, who had been a liberal contributor to the reUef of the Marian exUes.] 48 JOHN JEWEL [let. LETTER XX. JOHN JEWEL TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at London, Nov. 2. 1569. Much health. That you so kindly congratulate, not my self so much on this accession of care and anxiety, as our church, respecting which you tell rae that you no longer despair, I return you my thanks, most accomplished sir, not indeed on my own account, upon whom I feel such a heavy burden is imposed, but in the name of our church, conceming which I perceive your thoughts are so anxiously occupied. For, as it regards myself, you well know what an undertaking it is, especially for a man unskUled in business, and always brought up in inactivity and obscurity, to be raised at once to the government of the church; and though scarcely able to manage his own affairs, to take upon himself the management of those of others. Since however it is the cause of God, I will endeavour to make up by diUgence what is wanting in abiUty ; for though I am deficient in other respects, I shall not, I hope, be wanting in inclination. Do you meanwhUe, since you have safely landed your vessels, and brought them ashore, pray to God that we may at length bring our vessel, hitherto tossed by the waves, and attacked on all sides by pirates and robbers, into harbour. For the rage of the papists among us at this time is scarcely credible ; and rather than seem to have been in error in any respect, they most impotently precipitate and throw aU things into confusion. May that God whose honour and glory alone we look to, aid our endeavours, and confound the conspiracies and wicked designs of his enemies ! Parkhurst is gone to his people at Cleeve', where he now reigns Uke a king, and looks down upon aU bishops. Whatever news I had to communicate, which, indeed, was neither certain nor of much importance, I have written at some length, both to masters BulUnger and [1 He was at this time rector of Bishop's Cleeve near Cheltenham.] XX.] TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 49 Martyr. If there is any thing in which I can contribute either to your advantage or enjoyment, bear in mind, that in whatever situation I may be, I am, and always shaU be at your service. Fare thee well, most exceUent and accompUshed Sir. Salute in ray name the honoured lady your wife, as also masters BuUinger, Simler, Lavater, ZuingUus, Frisius, Gesner, Wolfius, and your other friends whom I so justly value. Though Parkhurst is a long way off, yet I salute you, your wife, and all your family, in his name. AU our friends salute you and aU yours. Again farewell. London, Nov, 2, 1559. Yours from my heart, JOHN JEWEL. LETTER XXL JOHN PARKHURST TO JOHN WOLFIUS. Without date. I RECEIVED, most courtcous Wolfius, on the 9th of Febraary the letter which you sent me by our friend Burcher: the former, which you tell me you sent, never reached me. You recommend me to pubUsh my epigrams^ : why should I publish frivolous trifles of this sort? They are certainly contending in some corner of my study with the moths and beetles. At the end of your letter you ask me to continue my affection towards you : you have no need, my Wolfius, to make such a request as that; for I cannot help loving you, both on account of your kind offices towards myself, which I shall never forget, and also for your rare learning, and those various endowments which I admire and reverence in you as the best gifts of God. The books you gave me on my leaving Zurich were lost in the journey. Woe betide those thieves who robbed me of so great a treasm-e ! As you are the great master of a great [^ Many of them are published in Strype, Annals, ii. ii. 495. &c.] 4 50 JOHN PARKHURST TO JOHN WOLFIUS. [lKT» hypocaust, you shaU pay me a severe penalty if my name be ever erased from your remembrance. You have a short reply to a short letter. You wiU hear all the news from our friend Gualter. Salute your wife and aU your friends in my name. My wife salutes you. FareweU. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST. LETTER XXIL JOHN JEWEL TO JOSIAH SIMLER. Dated at London, Nov. 2, 1559. You congratulate me, my dear Josiah, with your accustomed kindness, but I caimot congratulate myself. For though as yet nothing more has been imposed upon me than the name of bishop, (for upon the office' itself and its duties I have not yet entered,) I feel nevertheless that even this burden is far beyond my strength, and that I am already beginning to bend under an empty title. What think you wiU be the case, when I come to undertake the charge itseff? Your letter, however, arrived most acceptably ; for I dis covered therein your affectionate regard and love to me. And what indeed that is otherwise than agreeable can pro ceed from Josiah, who is himself most agreeable ? "Wherefore, although the subject of it seems exceedingly unpleasant and annoying to me, I return you my most grateful thanks both for your letter and your congratulations. As to your expressing your hopes that our bishops wUl be consecrated without any superstitious and offensive cere monies, you mean, I suppose, without oil, without the chrism, without the tonsure. And you are not mistaken; for the sink would indeed have been emptied to no purpose, if we had suffered those dregs to settle at the bottom. Those oily, shaven, portly hypocrites, we have sent back to Rome from [} He was consecrated bishop of Salisbury, Jon. 2.1, 1560.] xxn.] JOHN JEWEL TO JOSIAH SIMLEK. 51 whence we first imported them: for we require our bishops to be pastors, labourers, and watchmen. And that this may the more readily be brought to pass, the wealth of the bishops is now diminished and reduced to a reasonable amount, .to the end that, being relieved from that royal pomp and courtly bustle, they may with greater ease and diligence employ their leisure in attending to the flock of Ohrist. In that you are so earnest in your recommendation of our mutual friend JuUus, although you are Josiah, yet I must think that in this matter you do me injustice. For why ? am I not sufficiently acquainted with my good Julius, my host, my friend, my brother ? Can his baldness, remarkable as it is, ever slip from my remembrance? No, never. As often as I behold any bald, stooping, crooked old man, clumsy^ and uneasy in his movements, my friend Julius is sm-e to come into my mind. Be assured, that under whatever circum stances, whether he may need advice, or assistance, or money, —or even a halter, Julius shall be always Julius as far as Jewel is concerned. But, joking apart, whenever my friend Julius shaU come to me, if Jewel has Ought to spare, he shall not want. Fare thee well, my Josiah, and salute in my name that most excellent lady yom- wife, and that most talented and accomplished young man Herman. Parkhurst is gone into the country, to his kingdom^. He desired me, however, before he went, to salute you most dutifully in his name. Farewell, my Josiah, fareweU; I wish I may some day be able face to face to say, Josiah, how do you do ? London, Nov. 2, 1559. Yom-s from ray heai-t, JOHN JEWEL. [^ The epithets here used will hardly admit of a literal translation.] P Bishop's Cleeve, of which he was rector. See p. 48.] 4—2 52 JOHN JEWEL [let. LETTER XXIIL JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, Nov. 5, 1559. Two days after my return from a long and tiresome joumey, when, wearied and exhausted with traveUing, I had -written to you I know not what, three letters from you reached me at the same moment ; by the most delightful perasal of which I was so refreshed, as entirely to banish frora my mind aU the troubles of the preceding days. For though, whenever I think about you (as I certainly do every hour of my life, and should be very ungrateful if I did not,) I am delighted at the very thought and reraembrance of your name; yet wheh I read your letters, I seem to myseff to be at Zurich, and in your society, and in most delightful conversation -with you, which indeed, believe me, I value more than all the wealth of the bishops. As to what you wi-ite respecting reUgion, and the theatrical habits, I heartily wish it could be accomplished. A^^e on our parts have not been wanting to so good a cause. But those persons who have taken such delight in these matters, have foUowed, I believe, the ignorance of the priests ; whom, when they found them to be no better than mere logs of wood, without talent, or learning, or morality, they were willing at least to commend to the people by that comical dress. For in these times, alas ! no care whatever is taken for the encou ragement of literature and the due succession of learned men. And accordingly, since they caimot obtain influence in a proper way, they seek to occupy the eyes of the multitude with these ridiculous trifles. These are, indeed, as you very properly observe, the relics of the Amorites. For who can deny it! And I wish that sometime or other they may be taken away, and extirpated even to the lowest roots : neither my voice nor my exertions shall be wanting to effect that object. xxm.] to peter martyr. 53 As to your writing that there are some persons' who as yet have given no expression of their good will to you, I rather suspect to whom you allude. But believe me, they are neither in the rank or position you suppose them to be, and in which all [our] Israel hoped they would be. For if they had been — They have hitherto refrained from writing to you, not from any disinclination or forgetfulness of you, but because they were reaUy ashamed to write. Both of them are now suffering most severely under an attack of ague; but 'Ap')(^tiuLciy6ipos [Sir Antony Cook], as being of a more melancholy temperament, is much the worse. With your usual affection to the common cause, you were grieved at hearing that no provision had been made for any one of us. You may now resume your grief, for nothing whatever has been done up to the present moment. We only bear about the empty titles of bishops, and have deserted the ranks of [Duns] Scotus and Thomas [Aquinas] for those of the Occamists and Nominalists. But as you know, state affairs move slowly. The queen herself both favours our cause, and is desirous to serve us. Wherefore, although these be ginnings are painful enough, we do not lose our spirits, nor cease to hope for better things. That which easily comes to maturity, easily decays. I wrote to you, as I remeraber, at some length, respecting your book, before I left London; but my letter, as is often the case, was probably lost on the road: I added also, that the queen of her own accord eagerly perused both your letter and the book itself, and wonderfully commended both your learning and character in general; and that your book was made so much of by all good men, that I know not whether any thing of the kind was ever so valued before. But alas ! what must I say, when no recompence has been as yet made to you ? I am ashamed, and know not what to answer. The queen however made diUgent inquiry of the messenger, as to what you were doing, where you lived, in what state of health and what circumstances you were, and whether your age would allow you to undertake a journey. She was altogether desirous that you should by aU means be invited to England, that as [' Sir Thomas Wroth, and Sir Antony Cook. See next letter, p. 59.] 54 JOHN JEWEL [let. you formerly tilled, as it were, the university by your lectures, so you might again water it by the same, now it is in so disordered and wretched a condition. But since then, the deUberations about Saxony and the embassy from Smalcald' have put an end to those counsels. Yet, whatever be the reason, nothing is at this time more talked about, than that Peter Martyr is invited, and daily expected to arrive in England. Oh! how I wish that our affairs may sometime acquire stabiUty and strength ! For I am most anxious, my father, to see you, and to enjoy yom- most delightful conver sation and most friendly counsels. If I should ever see that day, or rather, as I hope I may say, when I shaU see it, where is the Amiens or Salisbui7 that I shall not look down upon ? Farewell, my pride, and more than the haff of my O'wn soul. Salute in my name that excellent lady your wife: may God grant her a happy delivery'', and make you the father of a beautiful offspring ! Salute masters BuUinger, Gualter, Lavater, Simler, Gesner, Frisius, Julius, his wife, and ray little Martyr, likewise Herman, your friend and mine. AU our friends salute you. London, Nov. 5, 1559. Yours most heartUy, JOHN JEWEL. LETTER XXIV. JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, Nov. IB, 1559. Much health. Although I wrote to you not many days since, and there is nothing going on here at this time which you would much desire to know, yet since I doubt not but that you wish it, I had rather write that nothing, than dismiss C See p. 20.] P Peter Martyr had two chUdren by tins wife, who both died very young, and before him ; and he left her with child of a third, which proved a daughter. Soc note, p. 78. and Appendix.] XXIV.] TO PETER MARTYR. 55 the courier, who, as I have just learned accidentally, is about to proceed to Cologne, without a letter from me. Religion among us is in the same state which I have often described to you before. The doctrine is every where most pure ; but as to ceremonies and maskings, there is a little too much foolery. That little silver cross, of iU-omened origin, stiU maintains its place in the queen's chapel. Wretched me ! this thing wUl soon be drawn into a precedent. There was at one time some hope of its being removed; and we aU of us diligently exerted ourselves, and stiU continue to do, that it might be so. But as far as I ean perceive, it is now a hopeless case. Such is the obstinacy of some minds. There seems to be far too much prudence, too rauch mystery, in the management of these affairs ; and God alone knows what will be the issue. The slow-paced horses retard the chariot. CecU favom's om- cause most ardently. The bishops are as yet only marked out [for promotion], and their estates are in the mean time gloriously sweUing the exchequer. Both our universities, and that especiaUy which you heretofore culti vated with so much learning and success, are now lying in a most wretched state of disorder, without piety, -without religion, without a teacher, without any hope of revival. Many of our leading men, and those not unknown to you, are fixing their thoughts upon yourself, and are anxious that you should be invited at the earUest opportunity, in spite of all the German leaguers". But I, who most of all mankind, anxiously and above all things desire to see you, cannot but recommend you, if you should be invited, (which however I scarcely think wiU be the case in the existing state of affairs,) to do nothing in a hurry. I know your pradence, and you also, I hope, on your part, are aware of my regard for you. I can indeed with truth affirm thus much, that there is no man to whom yom- presence would be more agreeable than to myself. But yet, as our affairs are so fluctuating, uncertain, unstable, and in one word, insular, I had rather hear of you absent and in safety, than see you present among us and in danger. But aU this is very little to the purpose ; for it is but just that learning should be silent amid the din of arms. We P See the preceding page.] 56 JOHN JEWEL [I'ET. are aiding our neighbours, the Scots, both by land and sea. For you know [the old saying], "'Tis like to prove your own concem. When neighbouring walls begin to bum."' They say that the French king is coming with aU his army ; and he wiU probably be met by no inferior numbei-s. Pamphilus^ the companion of your friend Crito, has lately " ' Turn tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet." [^ The fictitious names of Pamphilus and Crito occur not unfrequently in Jewel's correspondence with Peter Martyr. The following extracts from the state papers of the time are presented to the reader, with the view of aiding him in the detection of the persons intended by them. 1. In a letter from Sir Nicolas Throgmorton to secretary CecU, dated Paris, June 21, 1559, is the foUowing passage: "I praye you Sr. in case Thomas Randal be not dispatched before the receipt hereof, to worne him, that after his arrivall in France he take upon him to be a merchant, and that his passage may ie as secretly as may be." Forbes's Full View of the public transactions in the reign of queen Elizabeth. Vol. i. p. 136. 2. Another letter from the same to the same, dated June 28, 1659, states, " The French king hath lately sent sertayne commyssyoners to apprehend th' erle of Arrayne, with grete severite and extremity, to bringe hym either quicke or deade. Whereupon the sayd erle of Arrayne, to save hys lyfe, is fled, no won can teU whyther." Forbes, p. 147. 3. The queen thus writes to Sir N. Throgmorton, July 17, 1569. " Touching the erle of Arrayne, as theis bearers can declare unto you, we be desyroose that he shold be helped from Geneva into this reahne, or into Scotland; and for that purpoose, our meaning shaU better appeare in a memoryall, ciphred by the new last ciphre, sent from you whereunto we remitt you." Forbes, p. 162. 4. Extract from the above mentioned memorial. " The sauff con veying of the earl of Arrayne hither unto this realme, or Scotland, semeth here a thmg both proifitable, and nedeful. The doing of it cannot be here prescribed, but is referred to your discretion; wherein ye shall observe great commendation. It must be done secretly, as well in respect of th' emperor's subjects and friends, and the kmg CathoUque's as of the French's Ye must nedes take the chardge to appoint one for the expedition of the earl of Arrayn, from (Jeneva." 6. The queen again writes to Sir N. Throgmorton, July 19, 1559. " Common charite, the honor of the partye, and our o^vn experience of such lyke calamities, moveth us to have compassion ; and therefore we wold, that ye shuld employe your wisedome, how he might be safely counselled to preserve hymselfe from the danger of the Frenche Idng and the Guises. Wherein although there maye many other wayes be devised; yet we see not presently, if he shaU be forced to depart thence, (which we wold not without evident necessite,) than ether. XXIV.] TO PETER MARTYR. 57 written to me from Scotland, as well about other matters, as that I should write to you something, I hardly know what, persona dissimulata, to goo to Geneva, and there to remayne, untill tyme shaU reveale hym furder counsell ; or els to come into our Ue of Jersaye, and so to come to Plimmonth or Hampton, and so to passe to his father unto Scotland." Forbes, p. 166. 6. It appears from a memorial dated J'uly 21, 1569, that Henry Killigrew was sent to Sir N. Throgmorton, to "devise the most secret and spedy wayes to convey the erle of Arrayne from Geneva." His ¦directions were "to provide that the said erle comme not into the possessions of th' emperor, the kings of Spayne, the bishops papists, nor others confederate with the French, that he in no wise appeare who he is, in all his journaye, not to his most assured, but ether as a merchant, or scalier." Forbes, p. 171. 7. KiUigrewan-ivedat Paris July 22, and on the 27th, Sir N. Throg morton writes to the queen, " Of the earle qf Arrayne I have not learned any thing certainly, since the dispatching of Mr Randall from hence to Chastelereu, in the company of th' erle of Arrayne's master of the horse ; and whether th' erle of Arrayne be at Geneva, or Tigure, where order was by me taken for his arryvall, I do not yet know." Forbes, p. 172. If he visited Tigure, (Zurich), as seems probable from the above extract, it will account for Jewel's mentioning him as the friend and guest of Pet. Martyr. See letter xxix. It appears that Randolpli met the earl of Ai-ran at Geneva, and accompanied him from thence. 8. Sir N. Throgmorton writes to Sec. Cecil, July 29. "I suppose youe shall hear of the earl of Arrayne there in England before I can now here of hym; for he departed the 6 of July from Losanna in Snyser-land in post, and sent me word he wold embark, where he cold most commodiously find passage." Forbes, p. 183. 9. By a letter of Cecil to Sir R. Sadler and Sir James Croft, of Sept. 11, 1559, it appears that the earl of Arran travelled under the feigned name of Monsr. de Beaufort. He says, "1 wold be gladd to here of the sure entry of Monsr. de Beaufort, ye knowe what erle I mean." Sir R. Sadler's state papers. Vol. i. p. 437. 10. A letter from Sir R. Sadler to Cecil, dated Berwick, Sept. 16, 1559, states, without mentioning the earl's name, that "he was safely delivered in Teeydale to one of his friends hands, that undertake to convey him surelie and secretlye to his father; so you shall understande that we have now certein advertisement, that he is safely in the castellaf Hamilton with his father; and hitherto he remaineth there, so secret, that at the writing thereof it was not Icnown in Scotland, that he is. arrived there. He hath sent hither for Randall whom we wall send unto him by the same man that conveyed him before, with as moch spede as we may covenyently." Sadler, p. 447. It will readily be concluded from a comparison of these extracts, that the PamphUus and Crito in Jewel's correspondence, are the Randolph and earl of Arran above mentioned.] 58 JOHN JEWEL [ LET. (for he did not clearly express himself,) respecting our friend Frensham. He seemed, however, to wish me to make some inquiry respecting Frensham's wUl. What has been done about it, I do not know; but I entreat you, .since there is no one else in those parts, upon whom I can take the Uberty of imposing so much trouble, to undertake the management of this business, together \rith your friend Julius. If Frensham is StiU alive, I wish him weU : if he is, as I suppose, and am informed by letter, no longer livmg, I hope it is weU. I hear that a packet of your book upon vows, against Smith, has arrived in London, and that there is among thera a copy sent by you expressly to myself. I have not yet seen it, for I am often absent from London, and am much taken up by my engagements in different parts of the coimtry ; but where- ever it may be, I wUl scent it out. MeanwhUe, however, I offer you, as I ought to do, and as your kindness demands, my lasting thanks. I would not that master Bernardine' should suppose that I have forgotten him. My influence and exertions have not been wanting ; but every thing is now sought after, and retained for the support of the army. The five ItaUan cro^vns, which I received from master Barthol. Compagni in his name, I handed over to Acontius. We ai-e now exerting ourselves about his canonry ; and there is a good prospect of obtaining it. If my friend Julius should come to us, I promise him every kindness : 1 advise him, however, to wait a little whUe, lest we should be obliged to return together to Zurich. FareweU, my father and much esteemed master in Chi-ist. Salute the excel lent lady yom- wife, and give a kiss for me to yom- little son Isaac, whom I can fancy that I hear bawUng even here. Salute masters Bullinger, Bernardine, Gualter, Simler, Gesner, Lavater, Wickius, HaUer, AVolfius, (that most agreeable man, and native of a most honourable city), Frisius, Herman, our friend JuUus, his wife, and that most good tempered boy MartyriUus. Almost all our friends are dispersed among the Gentiles. Bishops Grindal of London, Sandys of Worcester, [' Bernardino Ocliinus accompanied Peter Martyr into England in 1549, and was received into tho family of archbishop Cranmer. Stiype, Memorials, ii. i. 309. Cranmer, 279.] XXIV.] TO PETER MARTYR. 59 Cox of Ely, together with [Sir Antony] Cook^ and [Sir Thomas] Wroth, who are still suffering with ague, salute you. Again and again, my father, farewell. London, Nov. 16, 1559. Wholly yours, JOHN JEWEL. LETTER XXV. JOHN JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, Dec. 1, 1559. There was brought rae yesterday frora Scotland a letter from Pamphilus % the presiding angel and companion of our friend Crito, respecting the whole state of affairs in that kingdom from the very beginning of the disturbances; all which he entreated me to communicate to you with diUgence, and in the order of events. He would rather have written to you himself, if either the circumstances of time or place had allowed him to do so. As for me, since I know that you especiaUy delight in brevity, I wiU write briefly. The Scotch [congregation] at the beginning published certain declarations; first, that they only regarded the public weal, and that none of them sought any individual advantage to himself; next, that it appeared to be for the general interest, that the queen should desist from fortifying Leith, a maritime town and most convenient for the French, should there be any occasion for their services. Should she refuse to accede to this, they would then act as became men zealous for liberty, and lovers of their country. The queen however, being a haughty woman, and of French blood, rejected these terms, exclairaing that it was an indignity to her to be dictated to by her subjects. Nor were there wanting a great many Scots, who were stUl obedient to her authority. The result, however, was that they came to an engagement; when the P See p. 53.] [^ See p. 66. note.l 60 JOHN jewel to peter martyr. [let. bishop of St Andrews, a soldier, and worthy, forsooth, to be the slave of a weak woman, was deserted by all his own people before the battle. Only two Uttle boys remained with him, I suppose that he might not have to return to liis mistress alone and unattended. The Scots have in their camp the preachers Knox and Goodman, and they call themselves the "congregation of Christ." Their next step was to send to the queen to retire from Leith, if she would not be driven from thence by force and violence. And from this time they began to treat about an alliance with England. The queen, a woman with a man's courage, though she was every day deserted by some of her own party, was nevertheless nowise dismayed; she kept pos session of the garrison, made saUies against the enemy, planned every thing, surveyed every thing with her own eyes. The Scots are a powerful and numerous people; and had they not been unskUled in sieges and the art of war, they would have effected something long before this time. Slight skir mishes took place on both sides up to the sixth of November, after which the Scots retired into winter quarters ; whereupon a rumour was spread abroad by the queen's party, that the Scots had run away with their spirits broken. But they, with their leaders, stiU maintain their ground, and hold councUs, and increase their numbers, and levy money, and have troops in readiness, should there be any occasion for their services. I have but briefly touched upon these matters: I wiU write raore at length hereafter, when I shaU be better informed respecting them ; for great news is expected. We are raising troops, and seriously thinking about war. FareweU, my father. Salute your wife, masters Bullinger, Bernardine, Herman, Julius and his wife. — London, the first of Deceraber, on which day I first heard of the death of (queen) Mary. Yours, JOHN JEWEL. xxvi.] JOHN PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLER. 61 LETTER XXVL JOHN PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLER. Dated at Bishop's Cleeve, Dec. 20, 1559. I CANNOT express to you, ray very kind Josiah, the pleasure it gave rae to learn from your letter that you are in good health ; which indeed our friend Gualter had before informed me of, but not having paid sufficient attention to his letter, I imagined you were dead. So great was my stupidity, or rather, so great my love, that on very sUght grounds I suspected what was by no means the case, and which indeed grieved me most exceedingly. Bes est soUiciti plena iimoris amor. I was restored to my [rectory at] Cleeve on the second of September, that is, after harvest, when every thing had been taken away, and nothing left for me. How then, you will say, can you subsist ? Not by plunder, but by borrowing. A single harvest will set every thing to rights. Let others have their bishopricks; ray Cleeve is enough for rae. Many of the bishops would most wilUngly change conditions with me ; though one or two perhaps, a little arabitious, might decUne doing so. And you must know, that I myself' also was to be enrolled among their number; but I implored some of our leading men, and my intimate friends, that my name should be erased from the list which the queen has in her possession; and though I could not effect this by my prayers and entreaties, yet I have hitherto, by their assistance, kept my neck out of that halter. When I was lately in London, one of the privy counseUors, and Parker, the archbishop of Canterbury, threatened me with I know not what bishoprick. But I hope for better things ; for I cannot be ambitious of so much misery. I am king here in my parish, and for two years act as sole bishop. The bishop of Gloucester is living all this time away from hence ; but every third year he has some business to transact here, as also in other places. [} He was consecrated bishop of Norwich, Sept. 1, 1560. Strype.] 62 JOHN PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLER. [lET. Thus much of my affairs, respecting which you desired information. I thank you very much for your " astronomical institutes." You have, moreover, made I know not what col lections from Athanasius, and others. When do you mean to publish ? I was anxious to write you a very fuU letter, but am prevented by my various engagements. Salute in my name your excellent wife and recent bride, your Anna. Commend me most dutifully to Wonlychius, and his very amiable Susanna. What I write to you I write to him. Salute also in my name masters Mai-tyr, Bibliander, Bernardine, Lavater, ZuingUus, Frisius, Pellican, Liberian, Christopher Rotaker, Stumphius, Renner, Hirter, yom- neigh- bom-s, male and female, and aU. My wife salutes you and aU the rest. FareweU. Bishop's Cleeve, Gloucestershire, Dec. 20, 1559 Yours, JOHN PARKHURST. LETTER XXVIL THOMAS SAMPSON TO PETER MARTYR. Dated Jan. 6, [1560.] I RECEIVED on the third of January the letter which you wrote on the fourth of November. I have now been in England one year, and that not a quiet one ; but I fear that the year now coming on wUI bring me yet more trouble. I am not however the only one who am afraid for myself, but we are aU of us in fear for ourselves ; yet I dai-e not commit to writing the evUs that seem to be hanging over us. I implore you therefore, most revered fathers, by Jesus Christ, and especially you, Peter [Martyr], my father and very deai- master, to pray God most earnestly on our behalf. Contend for this, for tbis I say, that the truth of the gospel may be neither obscured nor overturned in England. I thank you, my much endeared father, for your promp titude in writing to me. You have satisfied my inquiries, as XXVlI.j THOMAS SAMPSON TO PETER MARTYR. 63 has also master BuUinger; may our God reward you both! The consecration of some bishops' has already taken place. I mention, as being known to you by name, Dr Parker, [archbishop] of Canterbury, Cox, [bishop] of Ely, Grindal of London, Sandys of Worcester. There is one other of the name of Barlowe, also a bishop'*, but with whom you are not acquainted, PUkington [bishop elect] of Winchester^ Bentham of Coventry, and your friend Jewel of SaUsbury, will follow shortly ; for they are soon, as I hear, to be consecrated, as we caU it. I am yet loitering on the threshold, for there is neither ingress nor egress. Oh ! how glad should I be to find an egress! God himself knows how much I desire it. Let others be bishops; as to myself, I wiU either undertake the office of a preacher, or none at all : may the wiU of the Lord be done ! Oh ! my father, what can I hope for, when the ministry of the word is banished from court? while the crucifix" is aUowed, with lights burning before it? The altars indeed are removed, and images also throughout the kingdom; the crucifix and candles are retained at court alone. And the wretched multitude are not only rejoicing at this, but wiU imitate it of their own accord. What can I hope, when three of our lately appointed bishops are to officiate at the table of the Lord, one as priest, another as deacon, and a third as subdeacon, before the image of the crucifix, or at least not far from it, with candles, and habited in the golden vestments of the papacy ; and are thus to celebrate the Lord's supper without any sermon ? What hope is there of any good, when our party are disposed to look for reUgion in these dumb remnants of idolatry, and not from the preaching of the lively word of God ? What can I hope, when injunctions are laid upon those appointed to preach, not to handle vice with too much severity ; when the preachers are deemed intolerable, if they say any thing that is displeasing? But whither is my warmth [' Besides those here mentioned, Scory, Bishop of Hereford, and Merick of Bangor, were consecrated at or about the same time. Strype, Annals, i. i. 230.] P Consecrated bishop of Chichester, Dec. 20, 1559.] P He was consecrated bishop of Durham, March 2, 1560. Horn was appointed to Winchester, Feb. 16th. Strype, Annals, i. i. 230.] [* See Strype, Annals, i. i. 269.] 64 THOMAS SAMPSON [leT. of feeling carrying me away ? I must be silent, though I have scarcely touched upon tlie heads of the misery that is hanging over us. Eternal Lord, have mercy on us, through Jesus Chi-ist, our God and Saviour. I will propose this single question for your resolution ; for I wish, my father, to employ you as my medium of correspon dence with masters BuUinger and Bernardine. It is this: whether the image of the crucifix, placed on the table of the Lord with lighted candles, is to be regarded as a thing indif ferent ; and if it is not to be so considered, but as an unlawful and wicked practice, then, I ask, suppose the queen should enjoin all the bishops and clergy, either to admit this image, together with the candles, into their churches, or to retire from the ministry of the word, what shoiild be our conduct in this case ? Should we not rather quit the ministry of the word and sacraments, than that these relics of the Amorites should be admitted ? Certain of our friends, indeed, appear in some mea sure inclined to regard the.se things as matters of indifference : for my own part, I am altogether of opimon, that should this be enjoined, we ought rather to suffer deprivation. I now beg of you, my father, this once to perform your part ; that is, to inform me as diligently and speedily as possible, what your piety thinks of these matters, and what is the opinion of you all, I mean yourself, BuUinger, and Bernardine. His autho rity, I know, has very great weight with the queen. Should he at any time be disposed to write to her, to exhort her to persevere with aU diUgence in the cause of Christ, I can most cordiaUy testify, what I certainly Imow to be the fact, and assert most confidently, that she is indeed a child of God. But she has yet great need of such advisers as bimself; for what Augustine said to Boniface, is true of princes in general, namely, that they have many friends in their temporal concerns, and but few who are concerned for their souls. And what I am so anxious to obtain from him, I would also, if I dai-e, request from yourselves ; but I submit myself in this matter to your discretion. She is acquainted, as you know, with Italian, and also well skilled in Latin and Greek. If any thing is written in these languages either by yourself, or master Bernardine, I am quite of opinion, that you will not only afford much gratification to her majesty, but perform a most useful service XXVIII.J TO PETER MARTYR. 65 to the church of England. May God for ever guide you by his Spirit ! .. FareweU, and reply to me foi- this once as speedily as you can. Salute affectionately in my name master BuUinger, and your, wife, and Julius. Communicate only to raasters BuUinger and Bernardine what I have now written; for I should be loth to have any rumours spread abroad under my name. I should not indeed have written this even to you, were it not that I hoped some good raight ensue. You wiU perhaps either write, as I have above raentioned, or at least give me sorae good advice as to the question proposed. Act according to your godly discretion. Again fareweU. In haste. January 6, [1560]. Youi-s, THOMAS SAMPSON. P. S. If either yourself or masters Bernardine or BuUin ger should think of writing to tbe queen's majesty, you are well aware that it must not seem as if you had been urged by any one to do so. My friend Chambers cordially salutes you. My wife is afflicted with the ague. Jane is weU, as I beUeve are also Heton and his wife. I am living in the country, preaching Christ to the peasantry according to my measure. Pray God for me. Either Springham or Abel will take care that your letter is forwarded to me. LETTER XXVIIL BISHOP COX TO PETER MARTYR. [London.]' It is a long time, my very dear friend in Christ, since 1 received your letter; but the book which you so courteously dedicated to me, has not yet come to hand. I happened very lately to look into a little book in the possession of some friend, [' This letter has no date, but must have been written after Dec. 21, 1659, when Cox was consecrated bishop of Ely.] ¦5 66 BISHOP cox TO PETER MARTYR. [lET. which I found had been published with a dedication to myself. I acknowledge myself very much your debtor, even on this aecount, that some degree of notoriety has accrued by yom- means to such an obscure individual as I am; for it is a matter of great importance to be commended by those who are themselves distinguished both for leaming and piety. And I hope that I raay, sorae time or other, by some little act of courtesy on my part, be in a position to deserve your kindness. I wiU not be wanting to myseff: may the Lord second my desires ! I congratulate you on your new wife, and hope also to be able to congratulate you on a new offspring. We are here dUigently exerting ourselves on behalf of your friend JuUus, and have already effected something. Richard Bmeme', an exceUent Hebraist, is in possession of your prebend. If you wUl send me your letters of attorney for the restoration of your staU, I may possibly be able to do something for you in that respect. As I was wi-iting this, your book was brought to me as a present from the author. Respecting our affairs, what shaU I write? By the blessing of God, all those heads of religion are restored to us which we raaintained in the time of king Edward. We are only constrained, to our great distress of mind, to tolerate in our churches the image of the cross and him who was crucified : the Lord must be entreated that this stumbling-block may at length be removed'. The perfidy and ambition of the French [king], at the instigation of the antichrist of the church, are threatening to occasion us some trouble. The popish priests among us are daily reUnquishing their ministry, lest, as they say, they should be compelled to give their sanction to heresies. Our enemies are many and mighty, but the Lord is mightier than all of them. [1 See p. 12.] P " Cox, bishop of Ely, being appointed to minister the sacrament before her there, [viz. the queen, in her chapel] made it a matter of conscience to do it in a place whieh he thought so dishonoured by images; and could scarce be brought to officiate there, denying it a great while ; and when he did it, it was with a trembUng conscience, as he said." Strype, Annals, i. i. 260, who has -preserved a letter which the bishop wrote to the queen on this sul)ject.] XiVUI.] BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. 67 Our neighbours, the Scots, have for the most part em braced the gospel, and are professing it under a hea'vy cross, which they are still forced to bear, thi-ough the violence of the French king, who is daily making attacks upon them, and contriving schemes for their extermination; so that, unless there should arise help from sorae other quarter, an end wUl shortly be put both to them and to the gospel among them. Mean whUe they must be aided by the prayers of the godly. Greet yom- wife in my name, though unknown to me, and also Julius. May the Lord Jesus very long preserve yOu to us in safety! Your most affectionate, And very dear brother in Chi-ist, RICHARD COX, Bishop of Ely. LETTER XXIX. BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, Feb. 4, 1560. Much health. 0 my father ! what shall I write to you? My materials are not gi-eat, but my time rauch less. However, as I know that you delight in brevity, I will write briefly after your example. This controversy about the crucifix is now at its height. You would scarcely beUeve to what a degree of insanity some persons, who once had some shew of common sense, have been earried upon so foolish a subject. There is not one of them, however, with whom you are acquainted, excepting Cox. A disputation upon this subject will take place to-raoiTOw. The moderators will be persons selected by the council. The disputants on the one side are the archbishop of Canterbury and Cox; and on the other, Grindal the bishop of London 68 BISHOP JEWEL [let. and myself. The decision rests with the judges. I smUe however, when I think with what grave and soUd reaspns they will defend their Uttle cross. Whatever be the result, I wiU write to you more at length when the disputation is over; for the controversy is as yet undecided ; yet, as far as I can conjeieture, I shaU not again write to you as a bishop. For matters are come to that pass, that either the crosses of silver and tin, which we have every where broken in pieces, must be restored, or our bishopricks relinquished. For your kind entertainment of my friend Frensham I return you, my father, the thanks I ought to do. Your letter first inforraed me of his death. I know not what to say respecting the money whicii he left at Zurich on his decease ; for I have never seen his will myself, and my friend Randolph', who has seen it, is now in Scotland. However should there be any thing, I would by all means have provision made for my friend Julius. And I beg j'Ou to make it known to him in my name, that should there be any thing which Frensham has not bequeathed to any one by name, he may keep a portion for himself, and use his own discretion in the matter^. Various reports, and all of thera favourable, are announced from Scotland. And it must suffice, at present, to have told you this in one word ; for I have as yet nothing certain to relate as to the particulars. We have a large body of troops on the borders, and are bringing succom- to the Scots, both by land and sea. Your guest Crito', and his friend PamphUus, are not idle. The saucy youth carae to Athens, and won the good graces of Glycerium*. Do you know? But what am I doing ? I am in want of time, overwhelmed with business, and [' See p. 66. This affords further evidence of the identity of ILindolph with PamphUus.] p Tlie words, Kwr'AXKo^ovov tuum, are added in the original MS.] \y See above p. 57, note.] ['' That the queen was courted by the earl of Arran, appears from the note in p. 34. The foUowing extract from a letter of Sir N. Throg morton to the queen will throw additional light upon this subject. It is dated Paris, .August 25, 1659. "I perceive by his (the king of Navarre's) discourses to me, he wolde liave yowe marry none of the liouse of Austria, noyther the e.nrl of Arran, neither any that I have lieard namyd...I wolde wyshe your majestie sliould ho'norablye and very graciously rcceave the earl of Arran in your courte, geving hime as XXIX.] TO PETER MARTYR. 69 unwillingly obliged to conclude. You should know, however, that your friend White, the great and popular bishop of Winchester, Oglethorpe of Carlisle, Baine.s of Lichfield, and Tunstall the Saturn^ of Durham, all died some days since. Sampson is in the country, a long way off'; Parkhurst in his kingdom". You must not therefore be surprised, if they do not often write to you. Salute, I pray you, the most reverend father, master Bullinger, Bernardine, Wolfius, Herman, and Julius, to all of whom I would gladly write at this time, had I leisure. Salute the excellent lady your wife, and Anna, and my little Martyr. Heton, Abel, and their wives, Grindal, Sandys, Scory, Falconer, Aylmer, salute you ; and though they wish all good things for you, they nevertheless desire nothing more than England. However, as matters now stand, believe me, it is as well to be at Zurich. Farewell, my father, farewell. London, February 4, 1560. Yom- raost devoted, JOHN JEWEL. good hope as any other ; for yf he be the same that they here report of him, he is as well worthy as any other." Forbes's Full View &c. Vol. t. p. 212. The interest manifested by the queen for the earl of Arran appears from her letter to Sir N. Throgmorton,- of which an extract is given in p. 66. She added, however, " In any wise, let not hym think this our promptnesse to releve hym commeth uppon any other cause, than that in honer both for God's cause, and his parentage, we cannot permitt hym to be oppressed with this calamitee, adding hereunto the experience that we ourselves have in these and worse cases felt and yet passed, through the inestimable goodness of Almighty God." Forbes, p. 166. Agreeable to this is the instruction sent to Sir N. Throgmorton, that the earl "must be informed that this the queue's majesty's incli nation to helpe hym is of hir princely nature, to releve such noble personages as be in adversite, uppon the experience of hir oune lyk trooble, and for the preservation of the sayd erle. " Forbes, p. 171.] [' He died Nov. 18, 1669, having lived to the age of eighty-five or eighty-si.x years. Strype, Annals, i. i. 213.] [* i. e. his rectoiy at Cleeve, where he calls himself king, p. 61.] '70 BISHOP JEWEL [let. LETTER XXX. BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, March 5, 1560. Much health in Christ. Although these engagements of mine have the effect of making rae 'write to you less frequently, they wUl never make me either love you less, or have you less frequently in my thoughts. For how can I do less, especiaUy to one whora I ought to regard as a father ? I wrote to you not long since by our friend Burcher, by whom also I received your letter, though after a long interval ; for notwith standing it was written at the beginning of October, I did not, I think, receive it tUl the thirteenth of January; so long was he compeUed to linger on the road. This, I imagine, has Uke 'wise not unfrequently been the case with respect to ray letters to you ; and especially since our friend Abel has left Stras burgh, where there is no EngUshman now remaining, who can undertake the management of these raatters. Should the will of my friend Frensham be at this time sent to Frankfort, I have given a commission to Conrad, the servant of Arnold Birkman, an honest and trustworthy young man, to receive it from Froschover, and take it away with him, and keep it under his own care. For I shall not be in London when he retimis, as I have long been anxious to go to Salisbury, but have beeu prevented by a thousand hindrances. In the mean time, while 1 am detained here, I know not what Pan is tending my sheep ! But I know nothing about that will and the money ; and can do nothing without Randolph. For if I did know, or were able to act, I would make over liberally, and without solicitation, a certain sum to our friend Julius. But Randolph is still absent in Scotland, a long way off; so that I still keep by mc unbroken the letters written to him both by BuUinger and yourself. Indeed, I do not see by what means they cau be safely forwarded to him, at so great a distance. X.XX.] TO PETER MARTYR. 7l Religion is now somewhat more established than it was. The people are evei-y where exceedingly inclined to the better part. The practice of joining in church music has very much conduced to this. For as soon as they had once commenced singing in pubUc, in only one little church in London, imme diately not only the churches in the neighbourhood, but even the towns fai- distant, began to vie with each other in the same practice. You may now sometimes see at Paul's cross, after the service, six thousand persons, old and young, of both sexes, aU singing together and praising God. This sadly annoys the mass-priests, and the devU. For they perceive that by these means the sacred discourses sink more deeply into the minds of men, and that their kingdom is weakened and shaken at almost every note. There is nothing, however, of which they have any right to complain : for the mass has never been more highly prized within my meraory ; each being now valued, to every individual spectator, at not less than two hundred crowns. Your friend White, who so candidly and kindly^ wrote against you, is dead, as I think, from rage; and religion, which you may be surprised at, has not suffered in the least. It sorely vexed this patient man to see both himself and his party laughed at by the very boys, in the streets. If our friend JuUus should corae over to me, he shaU not want for either board, or clothing, or money; for I greatly esteem and wish him well, not only for your sake, to whom I owe every thing, but also for his own. However, as matters are at present, my advice is that he should wait a little, till the present confusion shall have subsided. Meanwhile, my father, do not suppose that there are none here who think of you in your absence. Your Divinity lecture at Oxford is stUl kept open, and, as I hope, for no one but yourself, if you are so disposed. Cecil is your friend. (Sir) WilUam Petre speaks of you with the greatest kindness. After a while, when the work is finished, and the affairs of religion and the state thoroughly settled, should you be spontaneously and honourably recalled, in the name both of the queen, who stiU bears you in mind, and of the commonwealth, I entreat you not to be [' The work here alluded to is, " De veritate corporis et sanguinis CInisti in Sacramento altaris, contra Petrum Martyrem Hssreticum."] 72 BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. [lET. unwiUing to return. You will return, 1 hope, to men who are not ungrateful, and who still remember you with kindness. FareweU, my father, my pride, and the better half of my own soul. Salute in my name your wffe, and your dear little boy. Salute masters BuUinger, Gualter, Simler, Lavater, Gesner, Haller, Wolfius, Frisius, and especially Bernardine, (whose affairs here I could wish to see more speedily settled), the most talented young Herman, Julius, his wife, and my little Martyr. Farewell, my father, fareweU. Oh ! that I may sometime or other be aUowed to say, " My father, how do you do?" London, March 5, 1560. Your most attached friend, JOHN JEWEL, [Bishop of] Salisbury. This, if I am not mistaken, is my 13th letter. You vriU perceive whether they have all reached you. Should master Lselius return to his head quarters, salute him, I pray you, in my name. LETTER XXXL BISHOP SANDYS TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, April 1, 1560. Health in Chi-ist. That I have not written to you, reverend sir, of so long a tirae, does not proceed from any forgetfulness of my duty to you, or from any light estimate of what your kindness deserves at my hands ; but having been overwhelmed with a multitude of engagements, I unwUIingly put off for a whUe the business of writing, which, now the opportunity of sending a letter is afforded me, I perceive can no longer be delayed. When I wi-ote to you at the beginning of August, I was sent by the command of the queen into the XXXI.] BISHOP SANDY.S TO PETER MARTYR. 73 northern parts of England', as an inspector and visitor, as they callit, for the purpose of reraoving the abuses ofthe church, and restoring to it those rites which are consistent with true religion arid godliness ; and having been employed in those quarters up to the beginning of November, in a constant discharge of the duties entrusted to me, and with excessive fatigue both of body and mind, I at last returned to London. New labours here awaited me on my arrival, and an increased weight of business was laid upon my shoulders ; for my services were required by the queen for the government of the see of Worcester ; and the episcopal office is at length imposed upon rae, though against my inclination. I wished, indeed, altogether to decUne this bishoprick, as I did that of Carlisle, to which I had been nominated before ; but this could not be done vrithout drawing upon iriyself the displeasure of the queen, and in sorae raeasure deserting the church of Christ. WhUe this was going forward, Burcher delivered rae your letter, fuff of all kindness ; which, however, I delayed to reply to by hira on his departure frora hence, partly because our English affairs being at that tirae not much altered, but remain ing in pretty much the sarae state, afforded very few materials for writing; and partly, because my new burden (for it may be more truly caUed so than an honour) distracted me raost wonderfuUy with cares and engagements. And thus, my most esteemed sir, you have the reason of my long sUence. The doctrine of the Eucharist, as yet by God's blessing unimpugned, remains to us, and we hope will continue to remain, pure and inviolate. For both myself and my episcopal brethren will maintain it, by God's help, to the utmost of our power, as long as we live. We had not long since a con troversy respecting images'. The queen's majesty considered it not contrary to the word of God, nay, rather for the advan- [} The commissioners were Francis, earl of Shrewsbury, president of the council in the north; Edward, earl of Derby; Thomas, earl of Northumberland, lord warden of the east and middle marches ; Thomas, Lord Evers, Henry Percy, Thomas Gargrave, James Crofts, Henry Gates, Knts ; Edwin Sandys, D.D., Henry Harvey, LL.D. Richard Bowes, George Brown, Christopher Escot, and Richard Kingsmel, Esq. The commission began at St Mary's, Nottingham, Aug. 22, 1559, Die Mortis. Strype, Annals, i. i. 245, &c.] P See p. 67.] 74 BISHOP SANDYS [lET. tage of the church, that the image of Christ crucified, together with [those of the virgin] Mary and [Saint] John, should be placed, as heretofore, in some conspicuous part of the chureh, where they might more readily be seen by all the people. Some of us [bishops] thought far otherwise, and more especially as all images of every kind were at our last visitation not only taken down, but also burnt, and that too by public authority ; and because the ignorant and superstitious multitude are in the habit of paying adoration to this idol above all others. As to myself, because I was rather vehement in this matter, and could by no raeans consent that an occasion of stumbling should be afforded to the church of Christ, I was very near being deposed from my office, and incurring the displeasure of the queen. But God, in whose hand are the hearts of kings, gave us tranquiUity instead of a tempest, and deUvered the church of England from stumblingblocks of this kind: only the popish vestments remain in our church, I mean the copes ; which, however, we hope will not last very long. How much injury England is now receiving by your absence, as to the affairs of the church and religion, I am accustomed very frequently and eamestiy to impress upon those to whom is coraraitted the manageraent of the state. But their minds ai-e so much occupied with other matters of the greatest im portance, that nothing, I see, has been hitherto deterrained with respect to inviting you back. The queen' I know was at one tirae very desirous of recalUng you : you wUl easUy comprehend, I suppose, what prevented it. The cause of Christ has always many adversaries, and the best persons are always the worst spoken of. This pretence of unity is daily giring rise to many divisions. I congratulate you on your new marriage, and pray that it may be happy and prosperous ; as I also wish for myseff, who have lately entered into the same state of matrimony-. There is a wonderful preparation for war, partly to repel the French forces, if, in attempting to subjugate Scotland, they should invade our borders ; and partly to aid the Scots against the French, if the latter at any time should violate the treaty P See p. 53.] P This second wife was CeciUa, daughter of Thomas Wilford, of [Hastridge, in] the county of Kenh Knight. Strype, Annals, iii. U. 65.] XXXI.] TO PETER MARTYR. 75 of peace' that they have made with us. God grant that all things may turn out to the glory of his name, and the advance ment of the gospel. I have thought it right to let you know these things by letter, before I set off for Worcester, where I hope to arrive shortly. But I should have written raore fully, did I not know that my brother Jewel, the bishop of Salisbury, has given you frequent and diligent information about aU our affairs. Should I be able to serve you in any way, beUeve me, ray honoured Peter, you may use my services as long as I live (nay, were it possible, even after life), according to your discretion. Salute very much in my name, I entreat you, the Ulustrious master Bullinger. I am a letter in his debt ; indeed, I owe every thing to hira, and, should opportunity arise, I wiU repay him as far as I am able. Salute your wife, Julius and his wife, Herman, Paul, and ray little Martyr, to all of whom I wish every happiness. Farewell, most courteous, learned, and much esteemed master Peter. In haste. London, April 1, 1 560. Yoiu's from my heart, EDWIN WORCESTER. LETTER XXXIL THOMAS SAMPSON TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, May 13, 1560. Released at length, by the power of God, from the cares of episcopacy*, I am enabled, my most esteemed father, to converse with you raore freely than usual. But lest you should suppose that I am set free by any fault of my own, I would give you an account of the whole affair, did not want of time prevent me, wearisomeness dissuade me, and some other circumstances seem to forbid me. MeanwhUe 1 entreat you [' AprU 8, [1569] peace was proclaimed between tlie queen and Henry the French king, the Dauphin of France, and Scotland, for ever. Strype, Annals, i. i. 283.] [* It seeras that Norwich was the bishoprick that was oifered to him. Buniet, Hist. Reform, in. 440.] 76 THOMAS SAMPSON TO PETER MARTYR. [lKT. thus much, not to give too easy a credence to every inforniant. For not only many of those persons who are mest inclined to speak freely about it, are quite in ignorance of the real state of the case; but others also, who are stUl your friends, as they formerly were mine, and who know more themselves than they wish me to know, wUl perhaps relate to you (if they tell you any thing at all) what is not exactly the truth. I do not write this either as lamenting ray own lot, or the injury I have received from others. I feel nothing of the kind ; aU I desire is, that when you hear of this matter, you wUl suspend your judgment tiU you hear, if ever you do hear it, the whole state of the case. If I am not mistaken, I have received aU j-our letters, and return you my best thanks for having given me such advice on the subject ; and I had altogether determined to adopt your wholesome counsel, and that of master BulUnger; but the thing was never carried so far as to compel me to that step. My friend Parkhurst now holds the bishoprick in question, namely, of Norwich, and I wish him every success, as we all do. The danger of any improper person obtaining that see was well provided against : to God Almighty be the praise. My own unfitness too, under the circumstances, was at the same time well considered. I scarcely know how to be suffi ciently thankful to the Lord God. Do you, my father, praise him, and do not cease to pray for rae. Religion is flourishing among us as heretofore, and 1 pray that it may flourish more and more to maturity. We are now on the point of being involved in war. May the Lord vouchsafe also to deliver us for the glory of his name ! We are in fear of evU, and that to a great extent ; nor will it be undeserved. But may the good Father of mercies come to our aid, and in his compassion reUeve us frora our troubles! In a word, I must say, that our state of affairs is such as to demand the repeated prayers of every godly person. You have therefore England most earnestly commended to your prayers. FareweU, ray exceUent father, and most esteemed master. Salute most dutifully in ray name master BuUinger, Ukewise your wife and children, JuUus, and all your friends. Again fareweU. London, May 13, 1560. Yours, THOMAS SAMPSON. XXXIII.J BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR, 77 LETTER XXXIIL BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, May 22, 1560. Much health. If, as you tell me, eight of my ten letters have reached you, my very dear friend and father, there is much less loss than I expected; for I could never entertain the hope that even one third of the number would arrive in safety. But although they are, as usual, idly loitering on the road, or lying hid in some place or other, or even lost on the journey, I shall not on that account desist from doing my duty; nor shall I ever so act as to seem inclined to get rid of ray engageraent, through the treacherousness of the courier. For believe me, I am never employed raore to my satisfaction than when I ara either writing to you, or thinking about you. Hence, how often do I imagine myself at Zurich, and, agree ably to the delightful intimacy that exists between us, fancy that I am now hearing you, now conversing with you ; to the end that, although I cannot in reaUty enjoy that pleasure, I may at least enjoy an ideal and shadowy gratification! But when our affairs are settled, and peace established, and the government placed on a firm footing, as I hope wiU shortly be the case, I shall dismiss these shadows and ideaUties, and, I hope, behold you face to face. FOr you ought to know that' this is anxiously endeavoured both by myself and aU good men. In the mean time, our universities, and raore especially Oxford, are most sadly deserted ; without learning, without lectures, without any regard to religion. The blind deity wiU some time or other be more favourable to us. But at present you see what is the character of these times. War, destructive war, is utterly draining the very source of wealth. As soon as a calm shaU return, and these disorders shaU have subsided, there shaU not be wanting to your Eleazar" of Damascus either that which you mention, or other things of more importance. P Peter .Martyr was invited over to England in the year foUowing, but excused himself on account of his obligations to the city of Zurich, and also his age and infirmity. See Strype, Annals, i. i. 383, and note 1, p. 81, infra.] [" Julius, the attendant of Peter Martyr.] 78 BISHOP JEWEL [let. If he should, or rather when he shaU, come to me, I shall regard him as a brother. I do not assume so much to myself as to be able to afford you any consolation conceming your EUperius^ But I know your good sense, and that you are wont to anticipate by reflec tion that comfort which time would otherwise impart. I -wish, however, that you could have had, especiaUy in yom- decUning years, a son to sm-vive you, so endearing, and so like yourself; not only to have amused you with his prattling, but also to have been the inheritor of your talents and piety, of aU your virtues, and of your learning. But since the great and good God has willed things to be as they are, they cannot be better than as they are. Respecting those five ItaUan crowns, I have written three times to our friend Julius, and twice to master Bernardine. But I delivered them seven months sinee to Acontius', an Italian, who is now with the earl of Bedford. He promised to take care that they should be sent over to Zurich most faith fully, and at the earliest opportunity. I am surprised therefore that in aU this time Bernardine has neither received his money, nor had any intelligence either from me or from Acontius. The wUl of our friend Frensham has been placed in my hands. Those two hundred crowns ai-e stiU at Antwerp, in the care of Arnold Birkman^, with whom they are as safe as if I had them myseff. PamphUus' is in Scotland, diUgently exerting himself for his friend Crito. The business therefore will not be entered upon till his retm-n. On the seventh of May the great spire of ray cathedral at SaUsbury was, not merely struck, but so shattered by Ughtning, that a continued fissure was made from the top for sixty feet downwards : consider whether there is any thing ominous in this circumstance. It so happened that I had not yet arrived there : had I done so, so foolish and superstitious are men's rainds, that all this mischief would have been ascribed to my coming. I shaU, however, go thither to-morrow, and put my hand to the plough. May God prosper his own cause ! Q Eliperius seems to have been tlie son who, Peter Martyr writes to Sampson on March 20, 1560, " was borne unto me tlic 2nd day of March, and died the 10th day of Jlarch."] P Sec p. 68.] ' [^ See p. 70.] [* Scc note p. 56.] XXXIII.] TO PETER MARTYR. 79 Peter Alexander^ carae to rae on the first of May, and after some days was completely reinstated in his prebend. He is now staying in London with yom- friend Heton, and preach ing in the French church. Crito" is in high favour. Whatever enemies he had here tofore, he has at length by his piety and discretion converted into friends. This our friend Pamphilus has made known to me by letter ; but concerning all these matters I am writing more fully to master BiUlinger. Our friend Falconer is dead. Parkhurst is raade bishop of Norwich. Bonner^, the raonk Feckenhara*, [Dr] Pate', [Dr] Story the civilian, and Watson, are sent to prison, for having obstinately refused attendance on public worship, and every where declaiming and railing against that religion which we now profess. For the queen, a most discreet and excellent woman, most manfully and courageously declared that she would not allow any of her subjects to dissent from this reUgion with impunity. We are raising forces in all quarters, and making aU manner of preparation for war. If the French should come, they will not, I hope, find us unprepared. Yet, as the times now are, that enemy'" has not so much leisure at home as to allow of his interference in the concerns of others. May God at length put an end to these disorders, that when our affairs are settled, we may be able to recall you to England ! For, [' Of Aries. He was encouraged to come over to England by arch bishop Cranmer, and was made a prebendary of Canterbuiy, and rector of AUhallows, Lombard-street. Strype, Memor. ii. i. 321.] [« See p. 68.] ['¦ Sent to the Marshalsea AprU 20. He gi-ew old in prison, and died a natural death in the year 1669. Strype, Annals, i. i. 214.] [* May 20th, Feckenham, late abbot of Westminster, Watson, late bishop of Lincoln, Cole, late dean of St Paul's, Chedsey, late archdeacon of Middlesex, at liberty, as it seems, before, were all sent to the Tower. And the same day, at eight o'clock at night, Dr Story, the civilian, was sent to the Fleet. Strype, Annals, i. i. 220.] [' He went away privately beyond sea, after some confinement in the Tower, where he was again a prisoner in 1563, perhaps for presuming to sit in the council of Trent. Sti-ype, Annals, i. i. 216.] ['" The Guises discovered a conspiracy among the Frencli nobles at home, which made them desirous of recaUing their anny from Scotland for their own protection.] 80 BISHOP JEWEL [let. believe me, there is no one living about whom our friends are wont to discourse more frequently, or with gi-eater interest and respect. Cecil, with whom I dined yesterday at court, KnoUeys, and Wroth, desired me to salute you very much in their name. And, what perhaps you would hardly expect. Sir WiUiam Petre, when he heard you mentioned, earnestly entreated me to do the same for him. Give my kind remembrances to the exceUent lady your wife, BuUinger,. Gualter, Lavater, Gesner, Haller, Simler, Wolfius, Frisius, Herman, PauUus, my friend Julius, his wife, and the little Martyr ; to all of whom, and to the wbole church and commonwealth of Zurich, I pray and desire every blessing. FareweU, my father, my father, farewell. FareweU, my most esteemed master in Christ. 1 commend our church and cause to your prayers. London, May 22, 1560. Most cordiaUy and sincerely yours, JOHN JEWEL. LETTER XXXIV. BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at Salisbury, June 1, 1560. Much health in Christ. I wrote to you, my father, not long since, two days before I left London ; and gave my letter, as I was going away, to our friend Heton, that it raight be forwarded to you by the first opportunity. Now, since I have corae among my people at SaUsbury, though there is no dimi nution in my regard for you, yea, though it is in many respects increased, and is daily increasing, by your very long, and to me most painful, absence ; yet my opportunities of letter writing seem not to be what they were some time since. For I am now far distant from the crowd and bustle [of London], and am much less conversant with passing events ; and when I am ever so much inclined to write, I cannot meet with a courier who is going your way. However, I will write, whatever it may be; aye, even though it be nothing at all. My letter may be lost on the road, if it should so happen; but my regai-d, and respect, and affection for you will never perish. The time, I XXXIV.]] TO PETER MARTYR. 81 hope, wiU at length arrive, when we may be able to salute each other in person. Should I ever see that day, and live to welcome you [in England], I shall think that I have lived long enough. This subject is one of great interest to us all ; and we do not see' what should hinder you, unless perhaps, as I suspect, and as I have sometimes written to you, that Peter and Paul have stopped the way to your return. Woe betide such apostles ! Your lectureship, however, is still vacant, and I do not know for whom it should rather be kept open than for yourself. In the mean time every thing there is faUing into ruin and decay ; for the colleges are now filled with mere boys, and empty of learning. Smith is gone into Wales, where, they say, he has taken X a wife, with the view, I suppose, of refuting aU your argu ments. However this may be, he boasts of his grey hairs and empty head. He now keeps a victuaUing house, and gains his UveUhood by a hired tavern, despised by our friends and his own ; by those who know hira, and those who do not ; by old and young, by himself, by every one. Our friend SidalP is a disciple of Harpocrates, and conceals his opinions ; so that he is now reckoned neither among the birds nor beasts. He is, as you know, and as I also am con vinced, a good sort of man, and one who esteems and loves you. And perhaps, when he sees our forces increased, he wUl lay aside this dissembUng, and join us of his own accord, and [} Martyr was invited to return to England in 1561 by the earl of Bedford, to whom he thus wrote in reply : " Now as touching leave to see you again safe and sound in person, for the commodity, as you write, both of your country and my own comfort, I am very sorry that I can not answer you in such sort as may satisfy both you and myself. Truly if I might have my own will, I would no less serve the church of England than beforetime I have done: howbeit neither mine age nor the strength of my body wUl any longer endure the same, being not able to endure a voyage so long, so divers, and not altogether easy. Wherefore to the intent that I become not unprofitable both unto you and also to them that be here, it seemeth better for me that I remain where I am."] P See p. 46. Among some of the first subscribers [to the queen's supremacy] was Henry Syddall, a thorough-paced man, who, being a canon of Christ's church, Oxon, had complied in the beginning of Idng Edward's reign, and was a great zealot the other way under queen Mary, and one of those that were much about archbishop Cranmer at Oxford, when he was induced to recant. His subscription I find again as vicar of Walthamstow in Essex. Strype, Parker, 1. 164.] 6 82 BISHOP JEWEL [let. openly come forward. But in mustering an army some one must needs be hindmost. Some of the Marian bishops are in the tower. The bishop ^ ft)f London is in his old lodging, which he formerly occupied in king Edward's time. When he was conveyed thither, and had arrived in the interior of the prison, where (being a most courteous man, and gentlemanly both in his manners and appearance) he poUtely saluted the prisoners who were present, and addressed them as his friends and companions; one of them immediately disclaimed this, and cried out, " Do you take me, you brute, for a companion of yours ? Go to hell, as you deserve ; you wUl find companions there. As for me, I only slew one individual, and that not without reason; whUe you have causelessly murdered vast numbers of holy men, raartyrs of Christ, witnesses and maintainers of the truth. Besides, I indeed am sorry for what I did, whUe you are so hardened, that I know not whether you can be brought to repentance." I write this, that you may know in what a state he must be, when even wicked and abandoned men reject and avoid him, and will not endure hira in their society. There is a prevaiUng report, which is indeed confirmed, both by the common discourse of many persons, and also by letter, that our forces have at length, after a long siege, taken Leith" by capitulation, and driven out the French garrison with only the clothes on their backs. There are various ruraom-s respect ing the terms, but we have not yet received any certain information. It is now of the utmost consequence that the EngUsh and Scots should be united, not only in a poUtical, but also in a religious aUiance. Should this take place, as I hope and desire, it wiU be aU well respecting Crito and Glycerium. And I ¦wish that those may not prevent it, who neither wish weU to them nor to ourselves. But these mattei-s are as yet only in their infancy, and, so to speak, immatm-e ; after a while we shaU see aU things more clearly. Pamphilus has not yet returned. He was appointed by Glycerium to accompany Crito. He sometimes writes to me when he has P Bonner's first imprisonment was in September 1549, of which the reason was, because he did not publish in a sermon the king's authority during liis minority, as he was commanded. Strype, Memor. ii. U. 185.] P The capitulation took place July 5, 1560. For the terniS) see Camden's Elizabeth, n. 42.~\ XXXIV.] TO PETER MARTYR. 83 an opportunity, and hopes that things wiU tm-n out as we wish. Whatever may happen, Crito wiU occasion no delay. The Swede is expected with a numerous fleet; he is a powerful prince, with plenty of money, and very liberal in regard to expense. But he resides a long way off, and aU the seas are frozen over in the winter, so that he can neither come to us, nor get back again if he did. May God at length put such an end as we could wish to these disorders in France, and restrain the rage and wickedness of the Guises ! By the blessing of God, aU is now quiet among us, not only as regards religion, but also the state. The harvest is plenteous, labourers only are wanting. Yet, as the French are said to be arraing a fleet, and threatening some mischief or other, lest any danger should arise unexpectedly, as is not improbable, we are raising levies in aU quarters, and getting troops in readiness, in case we should require their services. For my own part, however, as times now are, I scarcely think they have sufficient leisure from their own affairs to attend to ours. You have now all our news. I desist frora raaking any promises respecting my friend Julius. Only let him come ; he knows the way hither, and he shall not want any thing that I ean give him. But why do I bid him come by himself? Let him rather wait a little whUe, and come with you. Yet why should I bid hira wait, when he ought to have come long since ? FareweU, my father, fareweU. I shaU one day, I hope, say to you face to face, " My father, how do you do V Salute in my name that most exceUent lady your wife, masters BulUnger, Gualter, Lavater, Frisius, Simler, Gesner, HaUer, Wickius, Herman, (if he is stiU with you,) JiUius, his wife, and the Uttle Martyr. We are all so scattered in this dis persion of the pations, that I cannot at aU write for certain as to what our brethren are doing. I doubt not however, but that they are piously occupied in the furtherance of the gospel, and that they are mindful of you and of aU your friends. Again, ray father, fareweU, and pray God that he may make this our present light to be perpetual. Salisbury, June 1, 1560. Your most attached, JOHN JEWEL, Anglus. 6—2 Si THO.'UAS LEVER [leT. LETTER XXXV. THOMAS LEVER TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at CovENTnv, July 10, 1560. Much health in Christ Jesus. I have received two letters from your reverence, since my return to England ; and I have once written to you both concerning religion, and also some thing about myself; which letter of mine, I learn from your first letter, came safe to hand. In your last frora Zurich of the 20th of March, (which however did not reach me in England until the 22nd of June,) you state that various and uncertain reports respecting our affairs are circulating amongst you, but that you are looking for more certain intelligence from ourselves . This then is a true and certain statement which I am now writing, as were also those other things which I wrote last year, both to yourself and the people of Berne ; namely, to mastei-s John Haller, and Musculus. The true and sincere doctrine is freely preached throughout England, by those who are known to possess both ability and inclination for this work, by com mendatory letters from the queen, or one of the bishops, to authorise the admission of strange preachers into the churches. No discipline is as yet estabUshed by any public authority; but the same order Of public prayer, and of other ceremonies in the church, which existed under Edward the sixth, is now restored among us by the authority of the queen and parliament; for such is the name of our great councU. In the injunctions, however, published by the queen, after the parUament, there are prescribed to the clergy some orna ments, such as the mass-priests formerly had and stUl retain. A great number of the clergy, all of whom had heretofore laid them aside, are now resuming similar habits, and wear them, as they say, for the sake of obedience'. There ai-e indeed but [' The fii'st bishops that were made, and who were but newly returned out of tiieir cxilo, as Cox, Grindal, Horn, Sandys, Jewel, Parkhui-st, Bentham, upon their fii-st returns, before tliey entered upon their ministry, laboured all they coiUd against receiving into the church xxxv,] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 85 few of us, who hold such garments in the same abhorrence, as the soldier mentioned by TertuUian^ did the crown. But we are not ignorant what occasion the papists will take from thence, as a cause of stumbhng to the weak. For the pre bendaries in the cathedrals, and the parish priests in the other churches, retaining the outward habits and inward feeling of popery, so fascinate the ears and eyes of the multitude, tha-u they ai-e unable to beUeve, but that either the popish doctrine is still retained, or at least that it will shortly be restored. Many of our parishes have no clergyman, and some dioceses are without a bishop. And out of that very small number who administer the sacraments throughout this great country, there is hardly one in a hundred who is both able and wilUng to preach the word of God; but all persons are obliged to read only what is prescribed in the books. Thus indeed is the Lord's harvest very abundant among us, but the labourers are very few. Those who were heretofore bishops, with the other leading papists, preferring the supremacy of the pope to the authority of the queen, are deprived of all their honom-s and emoluments in England. Some' of them also have been lately committed to custody and confinement, and it is not yet known what is to become of them. The gospel is received in Scotland, not indeed universally and by general consent, but yet with great zeal and sincerity by the greater part. And the Scots have now for a long time been trying to drive the French out of Scotland, so that the papistical habits, and that all the ceremonies should be clean laid aside. But they could not obtain it from the queen and parliament, and the habits were enacted. Then they consulted together what to do, being in some doubt whether to enter into their functions. But they concluded unanimously not to desert their ministry for some rites, that, as they considered, were but a few, and not evil in themselves, especially since the doctrine of the gospel remained pure and entire. Strype, Annals, i. i. 263.] P In his treatise De Corona, militis, (written upon occasion of a donative granted by the emperors Caracalla and Severus to the soldiers, about A.D. 209), in which he defends a soldier, who having refused to place upon his head a garland such as his fellow-soldiers wore, and being brought before tho tribune, and asked the reason of his non-compliance, answered, he was a Christian, and therefore could not wear it, it being unlawful for a Christian thus to adopt a pagan custom.] C Sec note 8, p. 79.] 86 THOMAS LEVER [ LET. we are making great preparations for war, and sending a great number of troops to their assistance. There is a harbour in Scotland, which in our language is caUed Leith : this, fortified with ditches, ramparts, cannon and [other] arms, is in the possession of the French; the EngUsh' are besieging it. Numbers are slain on both sides, and, as it is said, no quarter is aUowed. I have heard, what I suspect to be the case, that such now-a-days are the conditions of a peace among the powers of the world, that if a single prisoner is kept alive by either party, they are altogether violated, but that whatever numbers may be slain on either side, they remain in aU theu- force. And this I gather from the circumstance, that as yet no war has been pubUcly declared between the French and EngUsh, but rather such a peace, as that there is free Uberty of trade on both sides ; while in the mean time the troops of both nations are perishing in this miserable and hostUe conflict in Scotland. If you wish for any tidings respecting myseff, I would have you know, that immediately after my return to England, 1 traveUed through a great pai-t of it, for the sake of preaching the gospel. And there is a city in the middle of England, caUed Coventry, in which there have always been, since the revival of the gospel, great numbers zealous for evangeUcal truth ; so that in that last persecution under Mary, some were burnt^ [at the stake], others went into banishment together with myself; the reraainder, long tossed about in great difficulty and distress, have at last, on the restoration of pure reUgion, invited other preachers, and myself in particular, to proclaim the gospel to them at Coventry. After I had discovered, by the experience of sorae weeks, that vast nurabei-s in this place were in the habit of frequenting the pubUc preaching of the gospel, I consented to their request, that I should settle my wife and famUy among them ; and thus, now for neai-ly a whole year, I have preached to them ¦vrithout any liindi-ance, and they have liberally maintained me and my famUy in this city. For [} Lord Grey of Wilton advanced to the attack on Leith, at the head of 6000 English foot, and 1200 liorse. Camden's EUzabeth, p. 41.] P Among whom were Robert Glover, and CorneUus Bungey, about Sept. 20, 1666. To these may be added John Careless, who died in prison, July 1, 1666. See Foxe.] xxxv.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 87 we are not bound to each other, neither I to the townsmen, nor they to me, by any law or engagement, but only by free kindness and love. My wife has lately borne me a daughter, who is alive and weU, together with three other little children, which she had brought me. from her late husband. We therefore salute you and yours, and pray for you every happiness in Christ. For when I understood from your letter, that yom- wife, your chUdren and sons-in-law with their children, were weU, it afforded rae the sarae pleasure as if I had been by natm-e, as I am in affection, one of those your children, whom I pray God in Christ to bless to you, and make happy for ever. I hear with much satisfaction, that you have written against the sect of the anabaptists : and I do not wonder at your head aches becoming more painful and frequent with your advancing age ; but I grieve, when I think upon your years and labours, and pray God, that he may be pleased long to preserve you safe and sound to us and to his chm-ch. Many of us EngUsh, who lived together in the same house at Zurich, are now of necessity dispersed aU over England, and at a great distance from each other. It is, however, impossible but that we shaU aU of us retain a grateful reraembrance of that exceeding hospitaUty and beneficence, which Zurich ex hibited to us under your patronage, with so much corafort and benevolence and friendly regard. Although therefore I am writing alone and separate from the rest, I must entreat you to offer thanks in aU our names, both to the magistrates of the commonwealth, the ministers of the church, and the other good people of Zurich, for the seasonable, agreeable, and so much needed hospitality there afforded to us exUes for the cause of Christ. And I beg you wUl salute from us in the Lord that good woman Elizabeth, who. attended upon us. I entreat you Ukewise to be so kind as to salute in my name those most pious and learned persons, Peter Martyr, Bernardine Ochinus, R. Gualter, Theodore Bibliander, your very dear sons-in-law', Lavater, ZuingUus, and Simler ; and also John ab Ulmis, who formerly lived in England, and John Burcher, an Englishman, with the other pious persons among you, known to me in the Lord. It would also be doing me a kindness, if sometime in [3 See note 2, p. 30.] 88 THOMAS LEVER TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET, your letters to the people of Berne' or Arau=, you would make mention of rae with thanks. I have written, after ray poor way, to the ministers and head schoolmasters of both churches, and will shortly write again, God willing. May he grant that we raay always be mindful and ready upon all occasions to repay the debts we owe you in Christ ! Farewell. Coventry, July 10, 1560. Yom-s faithfully in Christ, THOMAS LEVER. LETTER XXXVI. BISHOP .JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at Salisbuey, July I7, 1560. Much health in Christ. I wrote to you, if I reraember right, not long since, on the first of June, respecting the general state of our affairs, as it then was, or at least was reported to be, at the time of wi-iting. You shaU now receive the intelligence which is every where spread abroad among the people, and which has this day been sent to me from court. Mattel's are all settled respecting Scotland. The French garrison, having sustained frora our troops a siege so long and tedious, as if they were only in sport, were at last compeUed to surrender^. Especial care was taken by our party, to avoid every thing that might have the appearance of undue severity, through the wantonness or rage of the soldiery ; so that, wth the exception of those skirmishes which occasionally, as usual, took place on both sides, and which could not be without bloodshed, as little of huraan life was wasted as could have been expected. [' In a letter from Lever to the martyr Bradford, hc says, " I have seen the places, noted the doctrine and discipline, and talked with the learned men of Argentine, Basil, Zurich, Berne, Louvain, and Geneva. Strype, Memorials, in. i. 404.] [^ He had been minister of the English congregation at Aran. Strype, Annals, 1. i. 153.] [' See p. 82, and note 1, p. 86.] XXXVI.] BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. 89 The French^ king, when he raade overtures of peace, promised that he would in future relinquish those titles and armoriaP bearings of the kings of England, which he had heretofore assumed, together with his own, in right of his Scottish wife, the great" niece of Henry the eighth ; and that he would be content only with his Ulies and ancestral titles. He engaged too, that the government of Scotland should be adrainistered by twelve' commissioners, all Scotchmen; and that in case there should arise any dispute about matters of religion or civil polity, the decision thereof should rest with the parliament of the whole kingdom : that only a hundred and twenty French soldiers should be left in all Scotland ; and this, not as hostile to the government, but as evidences of the defeat and disgrace they had sustained, should any one hereafter venture to call it in question : that he would have them obey the direc tions of the twelve coraraissioners, in whatever they should command. Both sides separated upon these conditions. The fortress of Leith was levelled to the ground by our troops ; the French were sent on board the fleet, to be taken home, sor rowful and dejected, and with scarcely the clothes on their backs. I doubt not, my father, but that all this intelligence has already reached you either by messengers, or report ; yet I doubt not Ukewise, but that my relation of these events, even now, wiU neither be unpleasant nor unacceptable to you. The Duke" of Holstein has returned home after a magnifi cent reception by us, with splendid presents from the queen, [^ Francis II. His plenipotentiaries were the bishop of Valence, and count Randau; those of EUzabeth were Secretary CecU and Dr Wotton. J \y The debating of satisfaction for wrongs offered to queen Elizabeth, and about caution for the fifth article (respecting the title and arms of England and Ireland) was referred to another meeting to be holden at London ; and if then it could not be agi-eed, it was to be committed to the cathoUc king. See Camden's Elizabeth, p. 43.] [" Mary, queen of Scots, grand-daughter of Henry's sister Margaret, by James IV. of Scotland.] [J The states were to name twenty four persons, of whom the queen of Scots should choose seven, and the states five. Hume.] [* The duke was nephew to the king of Denmark, who sent him to be a suitor to the queen, to obtain her for his wife. And this the rather to intercept the Swede, his neighbour, endeavourmg the same thing. Strype, Annals, i. i. 296.] 90 BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. [lET. having been elected into the order of the garter, and invested with its golden and jeweUed badge. The Swede' is reported to be always coming, and even now to be on his journey, and on the eve of landing; yet, as far as I can judge, he will not stir a foot. Every one here is talking about a peace, I know not upon what terms ; and tliat a general council is expected for settling the affairs of reUgion. For my own part I neither think that a peace wiU suit these times, nor that a council wiU ever come together. You have now, my father, received all the news we have at present. FareweU, and take care of yourself, that is of the half of my own soul. Salute the exceUent lady your wife, masters BuUinger, Gualter, Simler, Lavater, AYolfius, HaUer, Gesner, Frisius, Herman, Julius, lus vrife, and the little Martyr. SaUsbury, July 17, 1560. Yours from my heart, JOHN JEWEL. LETTER XXXVII. JOHN PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Bated at London, Aug. 23, 1560. Iam overwhelmed, ray BuUinger, by such a sea of business, that I ara compeUed to be more brief than I could wish. I make a brief reply, therefore, to your letter, and that in order. I wiU most wilUngly shew kindness to Burcher, both for your sake and his own. I vrish his wife's character corresponded with his own ; but this is for your private ear. P Eric XIV. son of Gustavus Vasa. About the beginmng of Septem ber, she [the queen] came to Wmdsor, aud was there every hour m ex pectation ofthe king of Sweden's coining; being very shortly looked for at Westminster, where certain works were in hand, and the workmen wrought day and night to finish them against his reception. His business was to court the queen for his wife. But he came not liimself, being advised to the contrary, yet his broUier [John] the Duke of [Finland] did; and was a passionate advocate for his brother with the queen. Strype, Annals, i. i. 368.] XXXVII.] JOHN PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 91 Gualter has disappointed my expectation, by not having wi-itten me a single word. I was at the house of your friend Abel when the packet of letters arrived, but at that tirae I received none but from yoiu-self and Julius, which I was much surprised at. Respecting the state of this kingdom as to religion, this is the case. Many pious persons are quite satisfied ; as for my self, a few things still remain unsatisfactory, but I hope for an improvement. The Scots have made greater progress in true reUgion in a few raonths, than we have done in many years. A peace has been agreed upon between the Scots, French, and om-selves, on the surrender of the fortified town of Leith^. Abel has informed you of the terms. Calais^ is hot yet recovered by us : indeed nothing of the kind has been attempted. Salute in my name your excellent wife, sons, daughters, sons-in-law, and all my learned friends. I wish aU happiness to yom- city, arid to the whole territory of Zm-ich. My wife desired me to send her kind remerabrances to you aU. Fare weU. In haste. London, Aug. 23, 1560. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST. LETTER XXXVIII. BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at Salisbury, Nov. 6, 1560. Much health in Christ. What to wi-ite to you at this time, my father, I do not know. For I have very little news, and much less time for writing, as I am now preparing for the assembling my clergy, and the visitation of my diocese ; which wiU be a work of two months. I was on the point of writmg-to you, I know not what, about a month since ; indeed P See p. 86.] P It was taken by the duke of Guise, by treachery, in January, 1568. Its Ttestitution was demanded by queen Elizabeth, by her ambassador Sir Thomas Smith in 1662. Strype, Memor. iii. ii. 25 ; Annals, i. i. 651.] 92 BISHOP JEWEL . [let. I had already begun my letter. But when a rumour was every where circulated about you, unfavourable to yourself, painful to us all, and to myself especiaUy most distressmg; and this too, not only confirmed by common report, but also by the letters of Grindal and the archbishop of Canterbury, I was, believe me, compelled through grief and anxiety of mind to leave off, and tear up what I had begun. Now, however, since our brethren from Geneva, who have very lately retumed among us, relate that all is with you as we desire, I cannot refrain from writing something to you, though in trath I have at this time nothing to write about. Our church, by the blessing of God, is at length in peace. And no wonder; for those winds which heretofore stirred up the waves, are now admirably confined by ^olus, to prevent their doing any mischief. We are only wanting in preachers ; and of these there is a great and alaiming scarcity. The schools also are entirely deserted ; so that, unless God look favourably upon us, we cannot hope for any .supply in futm-e. The existing preachers, who are few in number, those especiaUy who have any abUity, are listened to by the people with favour and attention. We found at the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth a large and inauspicious crop of Arians, anabaptists, and other pests, which I know not how, but as mushrooms spring up in the night and in darkness, so these sprung up in that darkness and unhappy night of the Marian times. These, I am informed, and hope it is the fact, have retreated before the Ught of purer doctrine, like owls at the sight of the sun, and are now no where to be found ; or, at least, if any where, they are no longer troublesome to our churches. That volatile Ubiquitarian' doctrine cannot by any means gain footing among us, though there have not been wanting [' The Ubiquitarian controversy was another plague, which our church was likewise fortunate enough to escape. The discussion was one which, naturaUy enough, grew out of the sacramental dispute ; for they who contended for the bodily and local presence of Christ in the eucharist,— whether Romanists or Lutherans,- must also maintain that his body might be in many places at the sarae instant; and this assertion seems to imply, as a necessary consequence, that his body has the attri bute of omnipresence, [or ubiquity, from whence the controvei-sy derived its name]. Le Bas, Lifo of Jewel, p. 127. See also Jlosheim's InstUutes, Ed. Soames, Vol. iji. p. 370.] XXXVIII.] TO PETER MARTYR. 93 from the first outset those who had the subject much at heart. In the French church, which they now have in London", I hear there are some unquiet and turbulent men, who are openly beginning to profess Arianism. May God at length remove these tares from us ! The queen=, now that our affairs are settled, promises to give us a pure and undebased currency, and is therefore be ginning to call in all the base coinage of the late times. There is no further news from Scotland, beyond what I acquainted you with in my last letter, respecting the surrender of the garrison, and the settlement of affairs according to agreement. What Crito is doing, I know not, Pamphilus has not yet returned. As to Glycerium, I wish — , but these things are in the hand of God. May*, the dean of St Paul's, and intended for the archbishopriek of York, is dead. Dr Horn is to be the bishop of Winchester. Other matters are in the same state as when I last wrote. As for Parkhurst, Sandys, Sampson, Lever, and our other friends, we are so entirely scattered, — not for the dispersion, but, as I hope, f'or the gathering of nations,— that I now see almost as little of them as yourseff. I hear that letters, and some other things have been brought over for rae from Germany, but I know not whence, or from whom, though I suspect, from yourself; P In Threadneedle street, whicii they had either borrowed or hired, belonging to the dean and chapter of Windsor, and which they have to this day; being part of St Anthony's hospital dissolved. Strype, Annals, I. i. 176. See also Strype's Life of Grindal.] £^ Francis Alen, September 3, 1560, writes to the Earl of Shrewsbury, " There is like to be a calling downe of the base money, I understande, very shortly e ; and the queue's majestie hath sworne that the daye and tyme shall be kept secrete to herselfe, and that fewe besyds shall knowe. So as the very tyrne, whensoever it chaunceth, will be so shorte and sodeyne, that men are like to have small warninge of the matter." The persons who undertook and executed the gigantic task of reforming the debased coinage of England were Daniel Ulstat and Co. of Antwerp, as appears by a letter of theirs to Sir Thomas Gresham, dated at Antwerp, July 8, 1560 : see Burgon's Life and Times of Sir Thomas Gresham, Vol. I. p. 354, &c, and Strype, Annals, i. i. 396, who gives a full account of this proceeding.] [¦* May died Aug. 8. He had been a counsellor to king Edward, one of his visitors, and one of those that sat in the court of requests in his reign. Strype, Annals, i. i. 306.] 94 BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. [lET. SO that every thing will appear tedious to me, tiU I come to know what it is. As for myself, excepting that you are so far distant, I am in other respects very weU. FareweU, my father, fareweU, the better half of ray heart. I would write at this time to that most accorapUshed man, BuUinger, were I not prevented by business. He raust forgive me for the present: I wUl hereafter write to hira more at length, whatever it may be. Salute him, I pray you, most dutifuUy in my name, as also Gualter, Simler, Gesner, Haller, Wickius, Lavater, ZuingUus, Wolfius, Frisius. I dearly love them in the Lord, and aU that belong to them. I am surprised that my friend Julius has neither written to rae, nor come to you. I desire his welfare just as rauch as if he were my own brother. If he doubts my friendship, let him put it to the proof. To hira Ukewise, and his wife, and first and foreraost, or rather before aU first and foremost, whether men or women, salute the exceUent lady your wife, my little Martyr, and Herman. Again, my father, farewell. SaUsbury, Nov. 6, 1560. Your most attached, JOHN JEWEL, Anglus. LETTER XXXIX. BISHOP PARKHURST, TO JOHN WOLFIUS, JOSIAH SIMLER, AND LEWIS LAVATER. Dated at Norwich, March 9, 1561. Since the same city, the same feUowship in study, and a mutual friendship equally binds you together; and since likewise the same profession and love of our common religion unites you yet more closely, you wiU pardon me, my most delightful companions and very dear friends, or rather im pute it to the engagements by which I am now distracted, if you, whora these attractions already bind together, are combined also in one and the same letter. For if there is XXXIX.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO JOHN WOLFIUS, &C. 95 any truth in the old proverb, that a friend is a second self, and if there is that power in friendship, to knit together, and forra as it were one man out of many, however natu rally different from each other, I shall seem entirely, though writing but one letter to this united triumvirate, as if I were addressing the same individuals in separate letters. To reply therefore at once, and as it were with one hand, to your thi-ee most copious letters to me, I must return you my thanks for your friendly congratulations ; and I would not have you esteem them less, because they are not offered to each of you individuaUy; for love is no more disturbed on this account, even if the duty of writing is somewhat con tracted. Meanwhile you will with your wonted kindness di vide among you this letter, common to you all, as a pledge and memorial of ray grateful regard for you, just as if I had separately and expressly replied to each, as my duty required. Hereafter, when greater leisure from business shall be afforded me, I will try, God willing, if I can in any way express how much I value my Zurich friends, that is, my ancient hosts ; not by any means intending, in this kind of duty which be longs to friendship, to yield to any of you, although in other things I would wiUingly acknowledge myself inferior. And let this suffice for rae to have written to you, on account of the great pressure of my engageraents ; although it is painful to break off one's converse with such most agreeable companions. Take it, I pray you, in good part. I ardently wish that your christian kindness raay daily increase more and more, and that you may greatly prosper in the Lord. FareweU. In haste. Norwich, March 9, 1561. I thank you, my Josiah, for the book of BuUinger, which you translated into Latin, aijd sent me. My wife salutes you aU. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST, [Bishop] of Norwich. 96 BISHOP JEWEL TO JOSIAH, SIMLEB. [LET. LETTER XL. BISHOP JEWEL TO JOSIAH SIMLER. Dated at London, May 4, 1501. Much health. 0 my Josiah ! what thanks shaU I give you now ? That little book of yours, so piously and leamedly written at first, and then so elegantly and opportunely trans lated by you, was on both accounts most acceptable to me. Happy you, upon whora is bestowed such abUity, and talent, and leisure, for occupations of this kind. As for me, since 1 am unable to do this, it is right that I should do what I can. Go on, my Josiah, as you do, and long have done, to your great credit, to dedicate your mind, adorned and fur nished as it is, to the service of God. There was no occasion for your 'writing so seriously about our friend Julius ; for I know him, and he me. I commend, however, your motives and your kindness, in so cordiaUy in teresting yourself on behalf of your friend; and I have no doubt but that he will be provided for by us. I confess, my Josiah, that I have been longer sUent than I Ought, or than I wished. But the magnitude of the affairs in which I ara constantly engaged, often takes the pen out of my hands. For though I enjoy all other requisites, life, health, and strength, yet I can scai-cely ever find leism-e for writing. And at this very time' Julius himseff can bear witness how much I am occupied. I am just now going from London on my way home. My horse has been waiting for me for sorae time; where fore I shall leave all the news, and the history of our affaire to Julius. Whatever he may say, though he may perhaps invent something of his own, as people generally do when they return from abroad, yet your kindness must lead you to regard him as a good man ; and should he conduct himself as such, you wiU not be wrong. P This sentence wiU not bear a Uteral translation.] XLI.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 97 FareweU, my Josiah. Salute in my name your wife, and Herman, and Frisius, that excellent and accomplished young man, and take in good part this trifling present. Farewell. In haste. London, May 4, 1561. Yours from my heart, JOHN JEWEL, Anglus. LETTER XLI. BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Thetfoud, May 23, 1561. Had not the courier been at hand, my very dear Bul linger, I should not at this time have replied to your letter ; for I have now less leisure than ever, being occupied whole days together in the discovery and extirpation of errors and irregularities. I have no certain information respecting Scot land ; but what I have, Julius will communicate. He will serve instead of a packet of letters to you all. My wife salutes you. FareweU. May 23, at Thetford, on my visita tion. You tell me that you have been wi-iting concerning councUs, and that you have sent me two books, which I have not yet seen. I hope however that they will come to hand. Should yom- friend Christopher corae to England, I wUl shew him aU the kindness in my power. Julius has been with me, and I wrote to Oxford on his behalf. I hear that the son of your standard-bearer is with the Earl of Bedford. When I come to London, I wiU send for him, and treat a Zuricher after the Zurich fashion. I wish every happiness to aU at Zurich. My wife salutes you aU. Again farewell. I wrote to you in the month of March. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST, [Bishop] of N'orwich. 7 98 BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. [LET. LETTER XLIL BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER, Dated at Ludham, Sept. 1, 1561. Your very friendly letter, most leamed BuUinger, written on the 23rd of June, I received on the last day of August. I cannot easily express how much encouragement it afforded me, how it animated me to be active in my office and strong in the Lord. Urge me on, I pray you, from time to time with incitements of this kind : spurs raust be appUed to a slow-paced horse. May the Lord convert or crush the five satrapies of the PhiUstines, who do not cease from troubling the godly! I am glad to hear that Burcher* is at last di vorced from that shameless harlot : may he be happy and pros perous in his second marriage! I am now writing to him about himself and his affairs. You 'will leam the rest from hiraseff. I wish the Ubiquitarians a better mind, ff indeed they have a mind at aU ; being both out of their mind and without a mind; and persons over whom you' and Martyr wiU gain an easy conquest. But I weU know the nature of these boasters. They will not yield even when conquered; but unless they repent, Christ wUl overcome them and Satan bind them. May the Lord strengthen with his Spirit and long preserve in safety the Palatine of the Rhine and the Hessian ! Julius wUl teU you aU other matters, as he was not only an ear but an eye-witness of many of them. Salute again in ray name your good wife, sons, daughters, sons-in-law, masters Martyr, Gesner, Wolfius and aU. My wife salutes you aU. In haste. Ludham", Sept. 1, 1561. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST, [Bishop] of Norwich. P See p. 90.] P BulUnger's dispute with Brentius about the doctrine of ubiquity began this year. The contest lasted two yeai-s. See note 1, p. 92.] P In Norfolk. Here was formerly a grange belonging to the abbey of St Bene't, the house coimected with which, after the reign of Mary, became the residence ofthe diocesans.] XLIII.] BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. 99 I have given directions to all the ministers of the word throughout Suffolk and Norfolk", to procure either in Latin or EngUsh your sermons* on the Apocalypse. For John Daus, a good and learned man, and schoolmaster in the town of Ipswich, has translated them into our mother tongue. Again fareweU, both to yourself and the people of Zurich. LETTER XLIIL BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at Salisbury, Feb. 7, 1562. Much health in Christ, Your letter, my father, was most gratifying, not only as coming from you, from whom every thing ought to be, and is, most agreeable ; but also, as most lucidly describing the revival of religion in France ; and be cause, when I read it, and perceived you were so nearS I fancied that I heard you yet nearer to me, and that I wag enjoying your conversation. For though the affairs of France were made known to us by report, as usual, and by the couriers, yet the information seemed both more certain and P This year, 1561, came forth an hundred sermons upon the Apoca lypse, made by Henry Bullinger, chief pastor of Zurich ; translated out of Latin into English by John Daus of Ipswich, dedicated to Sir Thomas Wentworth, Lord Wentworth, Ueutenant of the county of Suffolk; set forth and allowed according to the queen's order appointed in her injunctions. Strype, Annals, i. i. 383.] P In a letter from Peter Martyr to bishop Parkhurst, dated August 23, 1661, he ¦writes, " I am called into France to deal in conference as touching religion ; safe conduct is brought hither in the name of the king and of the queen mother, both subscribed and sealed. And through the letters of the king of Navarre, I am caUed with great entreaty, so as it hardly seems that my journey can be deferred. And seeing the matter is great and full of danger, I heartily desire your lordship that you will commend the same and myself earnestly in your prayers to God." Martyr remained in France during the conferences at Poissy, between the papists and the French protestants, and returned to Zurich ou Nov. 21. See his correspondence, Lett. 40 — 61, and also Thuanus, ii.ll7 — '126, and Spon. i. 307 — 309, for a full account of the proceedings of the con ference above referred to.] 7—2 100 BISHOP JEWEL [let. far more agreeable, when communicated by yom-self, and more especially, as I knew you to have had much to do with them. As to what you write, that those at the head of affairs are altogether desirous of some alteration in religion, not so much from a zeal and love of godliness, as from a conviction of the ridiculous absurdities of the papists, and that the people can be kept to their duty in no other way ; whatever may be the principle, and whatever the reason of the change, only let Ohrist be preached, whether in pretence or in truth, and I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice. That disputation of yours, however, has of necessity much advanced the gospel, and discomfited the adversaries. But as to your statement, that a kind of interim and farrago of reUgion is aimed at by some parties, may God prevent it ! I know that all changes of importance in the state are offensive and disagreeable, and that many things are often tolerated by sovereigns by reason of the times. And this at first, probably, was not attended 'with inconvenience ; but now that the fuU Ught of the gospel has shone forth, the vei-y vestiges of error must, as far as possible, be removed together with the mbbish, and, as the saying is, with the vei-y dust. And I wish we could effect this in respect to that linen surplice : for as to matters of doctrine, we have pared evei-y thing away to the very quick, and do not differ from your doctrine by a nail's breadth ; for as to the Ubiquitarian' theory there is no danger in this country. Opinions of that kind can only gain admittance where the stones have sense. Must I tell you that I thank you for your Orothetes?^ 1 doubt not but that the indiridual you mention, if he is wise, will think himself much indebted to you. He wiU perhaps, however, summon courage, and de- P See note 1, p. 92.] P Peter Martyr had composed a dialogue upon this [the Ubiquita rian] question; in which he introduced Jewel, under the name of Palcemon, as moderator between two disputants; the one, an Ubiqui tarian, under the name of Pantachus; the other, an orthodox thinker, relative to the circumscription of Christ's humanity, under the name of Orothetes. Pantachus may signify an Ubiquitarian, from wavTa-^^oii, every wliere ; Orothetes, {opo6eTi]<:) in like manner, implies a settler of boundaries ; in other words, an advocate for the doctrine that the human body of Christ is circumscribed within Umits. Le Bas, Life of Jewel, pp. 127, 128. See Peter Martyr's Epistles, Lett. 49.] XLIII.] TO PETER MARTYR. 101 fend his Pantachus, and prepare himself for a reply, and make his exceptions both against yourself and your Palcemon. I disclaim the praise which you so bountifully bestow upon me, as I am aware that it rather belongs to yourself, and to yourself alone. Yet it is sweet, my father, as the saying is, to receive praise from one who is himself commended. Your commendation was not so much an evidence of your judg ment, as of yom- love ; and, although I cannot deserve it in other respects, I certainly shall by my affection for you. The Marian bishops" are still confined in the tower, and are going on in their old way. If the laws were but as rigorous now as in the time of Henry, they would submit themselves without difficulty. They are an obstinate and un tamed set of raen, but are nevertheless subdued by terror and the sword. We have lately published an apology' for the change of reUgion among us, and our departure from the church of Rome. I send you the book, though it is hardly worth sending to such a distance. It is faulty in many places, as is almost every thing that is printed in this country : such is the neg ligence of our printers. Our queen has fully made up her mind not to send any representative to the council, as to the existence or locality of which we are totaUy ignorant : certainly, if it is held any where, or has any being at all, it must be very secret and obscm-e. We are now thinking about publishing' the reasons which have induced us to decUne attendance. I am fully per suaded, for my part, that no effectual progress can be made at the present time by these assemblies and discussions ; P See p. 79.] P This was the celebrated Apologia Ecclesia Anglicana, a work recommended to bishop Jewel by the archbishop (Parker) and his coUeagues, to vindicate the church of England before all the world, for her departure from the bishop of Rome, and for her rejection of his pretended authority, and for what was done in reforming religion. See Strype, Annals, i. i. 424, and Parker, i. 197, where is preserved a congratulatory letter from Peter Martyr to Jewel on the occasion of this work.] p This design Jewel afterwards accomplislied in tlie form of a letter to a Venetian gentleman by the name of Scipio, with whom he had become acquainted at Padua.] 102 BISHOP JEWEL [let. and that God will not employ such means for the propaga tion of the gospel. The queen, to our great sorrow, stiU remains unmarried, hor is it yet known what is her intention. I think however, you have long since been aware of ray suspicions on the Btibject. The Swede*, a raost constant and assiduous suitor, has very lately been disraissed ; and now he has received his l-efusal, threatens, as I hear, to look towards Scotland; that since he cannot settle among us, he may at least e.stabli8h himself in our neighbourhood. There is a certain noble lady, the lady Margaret', a niece of Henry the eighth, and one who is beyond measure hostUe to religion, more violent indeed than even queen Mary her self. The crown, it is surmised, wiU descend to her son", a young man of about eighteen, should any tlung unhappUy happen to EUzabeth, which God forbid ! The husband of this Woman, the Scottish LenOx, has within these few days been eoriimitted to the tower. The son they say is either car ried away by his mother, or has taken refuge in Scotland. There are, as is usuaUy the case, various reports respecting him. The queen ^ of Scotland is, as yOu know, unmarried, so that a matrimonial alUance may possibly be formed be tween them. However this be, it is believed that the papists are planning some scheme or other, and expecting something, I know not what, no less than the Jews do their Messiah. The pope's nuncio' is stiU loitermg in Flanders ; for he cannot yet obtain a safe-conduct to come over to England. The bishop of Aquila", Philip's ambassador, a clever and crafty old fox, and formed for intrigue, is exerting himself in his [^ See note 1, p. 90.] P Margaret Douglas, daughter of Margaret, sister of Henry the Eighth, by Douglas, Earl of Angus, her second husband.] P Lord Darnley, her son by Matthew Stuart, carl of Lenox, de scended from Robert Stuart, the next successor to Robert Bruce, king of Scotland. He was afterwards the unhappv husband of Mary, queen of Scots.] P Mary, queen of Scots, then the widow of Francis the second, of France, who died in 1660.] P The abbot of Martinengo. Strype, Annals, I. i. 166.] P This bishop instigated the conspiracy of Arthur Pole and otheM against queen Elizabeth in 1662. Strype, Annals, i. i. 667.] xliii.] to peter martyr. 108 behalf as much as he can; at least, that he may have an audience, that he may not have come so far to no purpose: for he hopes that soraething, I know not what, may be effected at a single conference. There is a noble young lady, the lady Catharine', daughter of the duke of Suffolk, of, the blood royal, and as such ex pressly raentioned in his will by Henry the eighth, as fourth in succession in case any thing should occur. The earl of Hertford, son of the duke of Somerset, has a son by her, born, as many think, out of wedlock, but as the parties them selves declare, in lawful marriage ; for that they made a private contract between themselves, and were married by a Romish priest in the presence of a few witnesses. This affair has much disturbed the minds of many persons; for if this marriage is a legal one, the son now born wUl be brought up with the hope of succeeding to the crown. 0 how wretched are we, who cannot teU under what sovereign we are to live ! God wiU, I trust, long preserve EUzabeth to us in life and safety, and that will satisfy us. Do you, my father, pray God for the preservation of our church and state. FareweU, my father, fareweU, my pride. Salute in my name your wife, masters Bullinger, Gualter, Lavater, Zuin gUus, Haller, Wickius, Gesner, Frisius, and Wolfius, together with Julius, his wife, and my little Martyr. SaUsbury, Feb. 7, 1562. From England. Your most attached, JOHN JEWEL, Anglus. P Younger sister to the Lady Jane Grey, and grand-daughter of Mary, sister of Henry the eighth. She had been married to Lord Herbert, son of the earl of Pembroke ; but having been divorced from that nobleman, she made a private marriage 'with the earl of Hertford, son of the Protector. Elizabeth committed them both to the tower, where he lay nine years, tiU the death of his wife, by freeing Elizabeth from all fears, procured him his Uberty. Their imprisonment was probably lengthened by a book written by John Hales about this time, and which favoured the Lady Catharine's succession to the throne. Her life was apparently shortened by her imprisonment. The marriage was not established till 1666, when, the priest being produced, and other circumstances agreeing, a jury at common law found it a good marriage. See some very interesting letters on this subject in Ellis's Original letters iUustrative of English History. Second series, Vol. ii. p. 272 — 290.] 104 BISHOP JE'WEL [ LET. P. S. Queen EUzabeth has restored all our gold and sUver coinage to its forraer value, and rendered it pm-e and unal loyed ; a truly royal act, and which you \riU wonder could have been effected in so short a time. LETTER XLIV- BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Salisbury, Feb. 9, 1562. Much health. Scarcely any thing, most Ulustrious and esteemed master in Christ, now remains for me to write to you about. For I have carefully detaUed all matters necessary to mention, and which occurred to me as I was ^\Titing, in my letter to Peter Martyr. My regard, however, and affection for yourself wUl not aUow me to leave you um-emembered, that you may at least know that I am stiU aUve, and that I stiU retain a grateful recollection of the many and great favours I have received from you. As for Parkhurst, Sandys, Lever, Aylmer, and Samson, we have not seen each other these two years. I doubt not however, but tliat they aU entertain the regard they ought to do, both towards yourself, your family, and friends. ^V'e have no news from Scotland, except that religion is most favourably received, firmly maintained, and daUy maldng progress in that country. They say, however, that the queen' of Scots stiU retains her mass. God will, I trust, some time P When the queen attempted to celebrate mass in her own chapel of Holyrood-house, a violent mob assembled, and it was 'with the utmost difficulty that the Lord James Stuart and some other persons of high distinction could appease the tumult. Randolph wrote to CecU, Sept. 12, 1661. "Her mass is terrible in all men's eyes. The erle of CassUis said unto myself that he wolde never here any moe. I Icnow not yet what mischief it may worke." Mary attempted to aUay these ferments by promising to take the advice ofthe states in reUgious matters; and in the mean time, to punish with death any alteration of the religion which she found generally established on her arrival in Scotland, which took, place on Aug. 19, 1561. Hist, of Scotland.] XLIV.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 105 open her eyes : for in other respects she is, it is said, not badly disposed. I wish she would entu-ely lay aside her high spirit and Lorrain feelings. With us all things are quiet. Some few of the bishops, who were furious in the late Marian times, cannot as yet in so short a time for very shame return to their senses. They are therefore confined' in the tower, lest their contagion should infect others. The pope both in public and private is plotting mischief- to the utmost of his power. Fourteen months since he sent a nuncio^ to queen Elizabeth. But as he cannot yet be admitted into England, he is stiU loitering in Flanders. They still hope that something may be done ; for that all their roots of folly are not yet plucked up, and there are stiU remain ing some persons whom they doubt not to belong to their party. But why do I tell you of these things, which, as I said just now, I have more fully related to Peter ? Since our friend Julius left England, I have not once seen that young townsman of yours, master John Schneider ; nor is it to be wondered at, as we are so far distant from each other. 1 heard however, some months since, that he was very comfortably situated ; but should he stand in need of any thing, and I become acquainted with his plans, I will take care that nothing shall be wanting to him on ray part : for I owe this, both to your kindness, and to the state of Zurich; and I acknowledge the debt. I am rather surprised that our friend Burcher has not arrived here before this time; for he wrote me word that he was coming, and from his letter he appeared to be already on the road. I take a great interest in him, and thank you in his name. May God preserve you all, and especiaUy thee, my father, and your church and coraraonwealth ; and should there be aay who wish you evil, raay he grant him a short life and little abiUty for mischief. I would write more, if more subjects occurred to me worthy of being recorded at such a distance. Salute that excellent woman your wife, masters Gualter, Josiah Simler, Lavater, ZuingUus, Haller, Gesner, Wolfius, Wickius, Frisius, Henry Bullinger your son, that excellent youth. Though none of our friends are with me, yet I hesitate: P See p. 79.] P See note 5, p. 102; and Camden's Elizabeth, p. 65.] 106 BISHOP JEWEL TO JOSIAH SIMLER. [leT. not to greet you in the name of aU ; for I know that they regard you with the respectful deference they ought. FareweU, my father, and most esteemed raaster; and if I either am any thing, or have any power, think it aU your own. Salisbury, Feb. 9, 1562. Your most devoted, JOHN JEWEL, Anglus. LETTER XLV. BISHOP JEWEL TO JOSIAH SIMLER. Dated at Salisbury, Feb. 10, 1562. Much health in Ohrist. What, my Josiah, shall I now write to you? For I have already detaUed aU the news that has occui-red, and some, possibly, that has not occurred, in the letters which I wrote to BuUinger and to Peter Martyr. But a repetition of the same dish is, you Imow, fatal ; and it would be impertinent to wi-ite about things now become antiquated and obsolete. Shall I then, (say you,) hear nothing fi-om you ? Has .lohn then nothing to write to Josiah ? Jewel to Simler I A dear friend to a dear friend ? I wiU certainly wi-ite, were it only that you should know that I am stiU alive, and that I bear you and all yom-s constantly before my eyes ; and that no intervals either of time or place can ever remove from my mind those most agreeable recoUections of Josiah [Josietatis tuce]. As for your thanking rae with respect to our friend •lulius, I raust thank you, in ray turn, for his own sake. I indeed desire, and wish well to ray JuUus, and profess myself ready to afford him any assistance, as far as my slender means wUl allow. And I must candidly acknowledge this to be his due, both on his own account, and more especiaUy for the sake of Peter [Martyr]. As for yourself, ray very dear Josiah, and how greatly I am indebted for aU your kindness to me, I shaU say nothing. This only would 1 have you know, that from the time 1 first became acquainted with you, I over have been, am, and shaU be yours. XLVI.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 107 FareweU, my very dear and best friend, fareweU. Salute your wife, and her sisters, and mother, BuUinger, Gualter, Lavater, Wolfius, Zuinglius, Haller, Wickius, Frisius. Again my Josiah, farewell. Salisbury, Feb. 10, 1562. Yours in the Lord, JOHN JEWEL, Anglus. LETTER XLVL BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Lodhaji, April 28, 1562. Health to you in Christ, most renowned Bullinger. You accuse my countrymen here of ingratitude, because they never write to you. And I am afraid that you wiU charge me with the same neglect, for not having written to you at the last fair. My BulUnger, lay any thing to ray charge rather than ingratitude. BeUeve me, I had rather not be at aU, than be ungrateful. You must impute my not writing to illness, and that a very dangerous one; and not to myself. Can I indeed be forgetful of my Zurich friends ? Indeed I cannot, dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos reget artus. And that you might not think I had forgotten you, (since I was unable to write through iUness), I sent you a small present. Whenever I shaU have paid my first fruits, and extricated myself from debt, you shall know who and what kind of a man is your friend Parkhurst. As for my brother bishops, and others whom you accuse of ingratitude, and not without reason, I shall handle them severely enough, and authoritatively enough, when I see them, (although they have said enough in favour of authority). Nor shall I cease writing to them in the raean time ; for I have an amanuensis, who can write English, but not Latin. Mean while, my good friend, speak well of my countrymen, although they deserve to be Ul spoken of. 108 BISHOP PAHKHUR.ST TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. I thank you for the book which you have sent me, and which contains, as you say, your last winter's lucubrations against Brentius ^ But I have not yet received it, though I hope to receive it shortly. May the Lord open the eyes of Brentius and aU the Lutherans, lest in so great a Ught they should be overwhelmed with darkness ! I have not yet seen the son of your standard-bearer, Fabricius. In three days' time I shaU send for him to Norwich; for he probably declines coming to me without an inritation. He will arrive most welcome, nor shaU he leave me altogether without a present. If but a Zurich dog should come over to me (though I am not acquainted with any except Gualter's Wartley) I would make the most of him, and not treat him after dog-fashion. Thus briefly [have I replied] to your two letters. ReUgion is in the same state among us as heretofore ; a state, I say, not altogether to be thought Ughtly of. But I hope for an improvement at the approaching convocation. There are in England many good and zealous men ; there are many too cold, and not a few lukewai-m, whom the Lord^ will spue out of his mouth. But, to be plain with you, I fear many evils are hanging over our heads. For almost all are covetous, aU love gifts. There is no truth, no liberality, no knowledge of God. Men have broken forth to curse and to lie, and murder, and steal, and coramit adultery. And what Empedocles^ said of his Agrigentines, I may also say of my EngUsh: The English indulge in pleasures, as ifthey were to die to morrow; whUe they build, as if they were to live always. But God grant that we may repent from om- inmost soul ! Fare thee well, my most delightful BuUinger. Salute in my name your exceUent wife, sons and daughters, aU yoiu- P Or Brentzen, the great patron of the Ubiquitarian doctrine. Calvin thus writes to Bucer concerning him : Non tenes quid inter alia scripserit Brentius, Christum, dum in prtBsepi jaceret, gloriosum in ccelo fuisse, etiam secundum corpus. Calv. Bucero, p. 49. col. 2. Epistolae. Op. vol. ix. It should be added, however, that on looking into the statements of Bren tius, it appears hardly fair not to have given a fuUer explanation of his views on tliis subject.] P Rev. iii. 16.] P This saying is attributed to Empedocles by Diogenes Laertius; but by .'Klian to Plato. See Bayle.] XLVII.j BISHOP PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLER, &C. 109 learned sons-in-law, the magistrates, and aU my friends. I pour forth prayers to God night and day in behalf of your repubUc. Again fareweU. My wife salutes you aU. In haste. Ludham, April 28, 1562. Yours from my heart, JOHN PARKHURST. [Bishop] of Norwich. LETTER XLVIL BISHOP PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLER AND LEWIS LAVATER. Dated at Ludham, April 29, 1562. You wiU learn from master Gualter the reason of my not haring written to you last fair. Religion is making a favourable progress both in England and Scotland. There are very few things which I dare object to. We hope for some improvement at the approaching meeting of convocation. It is the incon sistency of the lives of the EngUsh with the gospel, that alone displeases me. The gospel was never preached among us more sincerely or 'with greater zeal. May the Lord give us his Spirit, that we may follow the things of the Spirit, and mortify the deeds of the flesh ! Our queen wiU shortly raake a progress to York, whither also the queen of Scotland wiU repair. A sheep in Essex has lately discovered a murderer, like the crows in Switzerland. From whence comes that Tilman HeUhouse?* Perhaps from that infernal abode whence he appears to derive his name. I commend the people of the Grisons, for not acknowledging P The true name of the person was Tilman Heshusius, a divine of the Confession of Augsburg. He appears to have been of a morose and turbulent character, in consequence of which he was repeatedly banished from the cities where he had taken up his residence. Ho wrote com mentaries on the Psalms, on Isaiah, and on the Epistles of St Paul. His death took place in 1588, See Bayle and Moreri.] 110 BISHOP PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLEB, &C. [lET. antichrist as their father. I wiU write to Froschover respect ing the works of CEcolampadius. It must be your business to translate into Latin such of them as are written in German, just as you, my Josiah, did last year, when, to the great advantage of aU students, you translated into Latin the books of Bullinger against the anabaptists and the articles' of Bavaria. Salute in my name those most honourable ladies, your wives, ZuingUus, Wolfius, HaUer, Wickius, Frisius, Pel lican, Guldebeckius, aU the BulUngers with aU their wives, and lastly, aU my Zurich friends. FareweU, raost exceUent friends, and continue to love rae, as you do. I have not as yet sent any thing to you, Lavater; but I wiU next winter, God vriUing, if not in the course of this suraraer. FareweU. In haste. Ludham, AprU 29, 1562. The Lord preserve aU the people of Zurich ! My wife salutes you aU. Yours under whatever cu-cumstances, JOHN PARKHURST, [Bishop] of Norwich. LETTER XLVIII. BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, May 31, 1562. Health to you, most courteous BuUingei-. I received your book against Brentius on the 16th of May, but have not yet P Melancthon also vrote "answers to the impious articles of the Bavarian inquisUion," in August 1659, and in his djdiig moments ^nished to have them considered as the confession of his faith. His work is entitled " Responsiones scriptse a PhUippo Melancthone ad impios ar ticulos Bavaricse inquisitionis." See Melancth. Op. Omn. A'ol. i. p. 360. In the dedication to the duke of Bavaria, Melancthon speaks of liis desire to answer these articles, "quia insidite niultte sunt in Uiis quses- tionibus, quic sunt tanquam Sphyngis icnigmata." The articles were thirty-one, all of them searching questions; seemingly weU calculated to detect the slightest trace of the principles of the Reformers.] XLVIII.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENBY BULLINGER. Ill read it, as I gave it to my bookseller to be bound. But I wUl read it in a few days, as soon as my Norwich bookseller shall have sent it back ; and I thank you very much for it. Send rae always, I pray you, yom- very learned lucubrations : you can do nothing raore agreeable to me. Story ''y that little man of law and raost impudent papist, has been arrested, as I under stand, in the west of England, in his barrister's robes. Fabricius came to rae on the 15th of May, and I treat him as a Zuricher, that is, as my ownself. I am very sorry that he cannot make a longer stay with rae, for I would rather keep him with me some months, aye, some years, than some days. I converse with him in Latin, English, and (what you will be surprised at) in German. He is astonished also that I can speak German so weU. The dizziness in my head has not yet left me, but is some what better. You wiU hear the news from Gualter. I wrote towards the end of April a letter to yourself, masters Martyr, Gesner, Gualter, Lavater, Simler, Julius, and Froschover, which I hope you have received. Master Walter Haddon, a learned and pious raan, dined with me three days since. He desired to be kindly remembered to you, and to master Martyr and others. Salute aU your friends in my name. I wish all happiness to aU my Zurich friends. FareweU, very dear BuUinger, and love rae, as you do, and pray to God for rae. In haste. Ludham,. May 25, 1562. My wife salutes you all. I have sealed this letter on the last day of May 1562. Yoiu-s, JOHN PARKHURST, [Bishop] of Norwich. P See p. 79. He was afterwards condemned and executed as a traitor. Strype, Annals, r. i. 115.] 112 BLsiiop cox [let. LETTER XLIX. BISHOP COX TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at London, August 5, 1662. Too long an interval seems to me to have elapsed, since we have mutually addressed each other by letter; though I must fain acknowledge the receipt of letters from you, since I have 'written any thing to you. MeanwhUe, however, I derive much gratification both from yourself and others, in that you are so diligently and unweariedly labouring in the Lord's vine yard, for the advancement and edification of the church of God in this wicked age. I now and then receive raost agreeable intelligence of your labours, to my great deUght and advantage. I have lately been employed in your book on Judges, which you most kindly sent to me ; and I am waiting for the com mentaries which you promised on the books of Kings, that I may often hold intercourse 'with my friend Peter, as long as I am able to range at large among his writings. It is not in my power to estimate your kindness towards me : meanwhUe, how ever, I have sent you twenty crowns by master Springham', as a small testimony of my gratitude. I know that you wiU take it in good part. If you wish for any information respecting our affairs, — when we consider the teinper and fickleness of mankind, when we regard either the contempt of the word [of God] or the neglect of a religious life, we can hardly dare to expect a long continuance of the gospel in these parts. There is every where an immense nuraber of papists, though for the raost part concealed: they have been quiet hitherto, except that they are cherishing their errors in their secret assembUes, and wiUingly shut their eai-s against the heai-ing of the word. When however we reflect upon the infinite goodness of God, which has restored us to our native land, and given his word free course, and committed to us the ministry thereof, we take P Richard Springham was a merchant of London, a contributor to the afflicted gospellers, temp, queen JNinry. Strype, Memorials iii. i. 224.] xlix.] to peter martyr. 113 courage, and cherish a firm hope that v/e shall not again be forsaken by so kind a Father. Let us therefore continue to serve him with a courageous and strong mind, casting all our care and the success of our affairs upon him. The heads" ofour popish clergy are stiU kept in confinement. They are treated indeed with kindness, but relax nothing of their popery. Others are living at large, scattered about in different parts of the kingdora, but without any function, unless perhaps where they may be sowing the seeds of impiety in secret. Om- neighbours the Scots, thank God ! are happily furthering the gospel. The papists are wonderfully raising their spirits, since the disorders in France. May God of his accustomed goodness turn all things to the good of those who love him ! may he defend his own people, and shortly break in pieces the fury of his enemies! Amen. We are anxiously desirous to learn v/hat is going on in your pai-ts, and especially in reference to the kingdom of Christ. May the Lord Jesus preserve you to us very long in safety ! Salute in ray narae master Henry BulUnger, a man worthy of all possible regard. I and my wife salute you and yours. London, Aug. 5, 1562. Your brother in Chi-ist, RICHARD COX, Bishop of Ely. No one lias as yet crushed the fm-ious Hosius'. P See p. 79.] P A cardinal, sent by Pius IV. to engage the emperor Ferdinand to continue the council of Trent, where he was employed as legate, to open and preside at the councU. His chief works are, 1. Confessio catholicce fldci, said to have been reprinted, in various languages, thirty-four times. 2. De communione sub utraque specie. 8. De sacerdotum conjugio. 4. De missa vulgari lingua cclehranda. He died in 1679. In a letter from Cox to Cecil, from Downliam, dated Dec. 28, 1663, the bishop says, "Hosius' bokes flye abrode in all comers, unica gloriatio omnium papistarum, who swarme in all corners, saymg and doing almost what they lyste." MS. Lansd. 6, 87.] 114 BISHOP JEWEL [let. LETTER L. BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Salisbuey, Aug. 14, 1562. Your letter written at Zurich on the 5th of March has but lately been delivered to me ; and though a little scolding and querulous, it was nevertheless very gratffying, not only as coming from you, aU of whose 'writings and conversation have always been so much esteeraed by rae, but also, as so earnestly claiming the performance of my duty, and stirring up my negligence and remissness in writing. But, my father and much esteemed master, although, perhaps, I write to you less frequently than I could wish, yet as often as any opportunity presents itself, I never decline this duty. In proof of this, I have lately written you two letters, one to Frankfort at the March fair, and the other immediately after Easter; and if these are still delayed on the road, as may possibly be the case, they wiU some time or other be released, and wiU, I hope, reach you at last. In the mean time I never cease either to think of, or speak about you as honourably as I ought to do. To write to you at the present time about the affairs of France would probably be impertinent; for aU the news is brought you without the help of either wind or vessels. The most holy [father] will leave nothing untried : Flectere si nequeat superos, Acheronta movebit. For he sees that the struggle is not about things of no im portance, but a matter of life and death. I wish om- friends may not suffer themselves to be overreached. As the duke of Guise, by holding out I know not what hope of settling the affau-s of reUgion, and receiving the con fession of Augsburg, has prevented the princes of Germany from intermeddling in this war ; so he has endeavoured by all possible means to persuade our queen that the present contest in France is not about matters of religion, but that there is an evident conspiracy against the government ; that it is the L.] TO HENRY' BULUNGER. 115 cause of the king, whom, as being herself also invested with royal authority, she ought not to oppose. Meanwhile he has caused his niece, the queen of Scotland, to court the favom- and friendship of our queen, and send her presents, and make I know not what promises; — that she purposes this summer to come upon a •risit of honour into England i, and to estabUsh a perpetual treaty of friendship, never to be dissolved. She has sent her a diamond of great value, a most beautiful gem, set in gold, and accompanied by some beautiful and elegant verses ^ What next? They seem to suppose that by festive interriews, and hunting matches, and flatteries, our attention wiU easily be diverted from the noise of war, and luUed to sleep. In the mean time our queen, when she saw through the whole affair, and perceived what was doing, (and this was not a matter of much difficulty,) changed her pm-pose respect ing her progress, gradually withdrew her aUiance vrith the Guises, and not obscurely intiraated her determination to assist the prince of Cond^^ [The duke of] Guise was very angry at P "Whereas the queen of Scots was the first that desired an interview, it was not without suspicion that she did it to serve her tum, and to tem porize, that she might either strengthen her title to England, or else give hope and courage to the papists in England, and to the Guises her kins men in France." See Camden's Elizabeth, p. 60. In a letter of Cecil, dated Oct. 11, 1562, he 'writes, " The queue's majestie was contented in June to accord upon an enterview in August with the queue of Scotts, conung to Nottingham, so as the matters in Fraunce looke good ; and before the last of July, and because at that tyme the trebles grew to be more desperate, the enterview was disappointed, and so excuse was sent to the queue of Scotts by Sir Henry Sidney, with offer to mete at Yorke betwixt Midsomer and the end of August, which is lyke to succede as the planets of Fraunce shall be disposed." MS. Cotton. Vespas. c. vii. 224.] P Written by Buchanan, then ui her court. Burnet, iii. 451.] P Elizabeth made a contract vnth the prince of Conde', Rohan, CoUgni, and others, "that she would pay them an hundred thousand angels; that she should send them over into France six thousand men, whereof three thousand should be employed for the defence of Dieppe and Rouen; and that they should deliver mto her hands, for caution, FranciscopoUs, a town built by king Francis the first at the mouth of the Seine, which the English caU New-haven, and the French Port de Grace, or Havre de Grace, which town three thousand EngUsh soldiers should hold and defend in the French Idng's name, till Calais should be restored." Camden's Elizabeth, p. 61, See also the letter of CecU, referred to in note L] 116 BISHOP JEWEL TO HENEY BULLINGER. [: LET. this interruption to his designs, and received our ambassador with reproaches; and declared by a public proclamation, that the queen of England was planning intrigues against the king dom of France, and that she alone had occasioned those disorders. Our queen could not bear this charge with patience, nor indeed ought she to have done. She forthwith began to act with openness, as I hear, to recal her ambassador, to enlist troops', to disma,st all vessels, both English and foreign, from whatever place, or wherever they might be, to prevent their getting away, and giving information of what she was doing. Oh ! if she had acted in this manner some time since, or if the German princes would even now foUow her example, the whole business would have been settled much more easUy, and with much less waste of christian blood. And indeed the queen has now sent into Germany, to the princes : and there is now at com-t an ambassador from Guise, with new blandisliments, as I suppose, to delay and hinder us. But it wUl not, I thinlc, be so easy a matter to deceive people mth then- eyes open. The affairs of Scotland, as to religion, are tolerably quiet. The queen'' alone retains her mass, contrary to the general wish. There has been here, throughout the whole of this present year, an incredibly bad season both as to the weather and state of the atmosphere. Neither sun, nor moon, nor winter, nor spring, nor summer, nor autumn, have perfoi-med their appropriate offices. It has rained so abundantly, and almost without intermission, as if the heavens could hardly do any thing else. Out of this contagion monsti-ous births have taken place; infants with hideously deformed bodies, some being quite without heads, some with heads belonging to other creatures ; some born without arms, legs, or shin-bones ; some were raere skeletons, entirely without flesh, just as the image of death is generally represented. Similar births have been P Strype relates, that November the 14th at night came a com mandment to London, that prayers should bc used there tliree days successively to God, to gi'ant his help and good success to the EngUsh army now gone beyond sea, against the duke of Guise, sworn enemy to the protestants, whom the prince of Conde' intended to meet in the field on Tuesday next. Strype, Annals, i. i. 546.] P See note, p. 104.] LI. J BISHOP JE'WEL TO PETER MARTYR. 117 produced in abundance from swine, mares, cows, and domestic fowls. The harvest is now coming on, rather scanty indeed, but yet so as we have not much to complain of. SaUsbury, Aug. 14, 1562. Yours in Christ, JOHN JEWEL, Anghs. LETTER LI. BISHOP JEWEL TO PETER MARTYR. Dated at Salisbury, Aug. 14, 15C2. Much health in Christ. I wrote to you, and also separately to Bullinger, immediately after Easter, and hope my letters have been received before now; for as to the former letters which I sent to Frankfort at the March fair, and took care should be delivered to the younger Froschover, I doubt not but they have reached both yourself and my other friends- yet B-Ldlinger seems in his letter as if he were complaining somewhat of my neglect. Since then your letter dated Zurich, March 4th, has been brought to me; and you may easily imagine, from my love and affection towards you, how agreeable and delightful it was. For although the subjects you wrote about were already old and almost out of date, (for that letter of yours could scarcely reach me before the 27th of June, out of breath, and weary with its journey,) nevertheless I seemed therein to recognize and hear yom- voice, and hold most delight ful intercourse with you. I rejoice greatly, as I ought to do, that you returned safe and sound from France ^ and that you retain your bodily strength and health. What you wrote me word, when you were in France, that you saw no appearance of an approaching war, and yet that P Peter Martyr returned to Zurich from France, Nov. 21, 1561, as he writes to Beza in a letter dated on the 26th of that month.] lis BISHOP JEWEL [let. matters could be settled in no other way, we now too traly see to have actuaUy occurred. May the Lord God of hosts at length arise, and overthrow and scatter his enemies; and inspire courage into our brethren, who worship him in hoUness! The duke of Guise is a powerful enemy, and being wary both from age and experience, seems to aim at nothing so much as to obtain a favourable opinion of his character. Therefore, some days since, raessengers and letters were passing to and fro, together with honorary presents; and favour and popularity was courted by him in every possible way. By such pretences, forsooth, did he hope to deceive our simpUcity. He did not however, gain his object with us ; for we have ah-eady enlisted our troops, armed om- fleet, and are quite ready to afford our assistance whenever it may be wanted. All disaffected persons of any eminence or note among us are ordered to be kept in custody to prevent their doing raischief. I wish your rulers and commonwealth would at last rouse themselves, and consider that the case is a common one ; that they also may be involved, and that they should be cautious of gazing so long and so unconcernedly upon the proceedings of others. Matters are now in that state, that delay wiU neither restore them nor check their progress. But what are your Bii selecti of Trent about ? Are they suddenly struck dumb? O holy fathers, and great lights of the world! Not a single word in so long a time, even in seventeen whole months ! And yet the raost holy [father] has long since expected his apotheosis, and thinks perhaps that they have done him an injm-y. Master Baldwin' writes me word, that he is very much pleased with our moderation in the late change of religion, and that he wiU use his endeavom-s, (for he thinks he has some influence,) that a like moderation may prevail in the kingdom of France ; but that your preciseness, as weU as that of Geneva, is by no means agreeable to him. In this respect \} Francis Bald'vvin was Professor of Civil Law at Paris and else where. He was appointed by the king of Navarre to be his orator at the CouncU of Trent; and was there in 1662, when his patron was kiUed at the siege of Rouen. His quari-el with Calvin arose from his having introduced into France a work, published at first anonymously, by George Cassander, on the duty of a christian man with respect to differences in religion; and for which he was attacked by Calvin, as tho reputed author. He died in 1672. See Moreri.] LI.] TO PETER MARTYR. 119 he is, I think, rather unjust to Calvin, probably from bearing in mind their ancient quarrel. Peter'' Alexander is in London, laid up with the gout ; a good man, but somewhat weakened by age. Your friend Herman is now with me. He sent me information from France, of what he was an eye witness to respecting the late disorders, by which he had not before suffered his studies to be interrupted. Oh ! as often as we talk together about yom-self, and BuUinger, your wife, your whole family, and all Zurich, how sweetly and with what pleasure do we converse ! His society is most agreeable to me ; for he is, as you well know, an excellent and well-principled young man, and one who is very much devoted to literature. Our affairs as to religion are going on well. The obstinacy of the papists is now greater than ever. They are depending, it seems, upon the result of events in France : we have heard nothing from that counti-y these twenty days. There are a few other matters to write about ; but of them I write more fully to Bullinger, who, I see, reads my letters with avidity, and sadly complains to me of the interruption of them, occasioned however by no fault of mine. I send you ten French cro'wns, which I desire may be expended, at the discretion of yourself and Bullinger, upon a pubUc supper in your common-hall, to which may be invited, as usual, the ministers of the churches, and young students, and any others whom you may think fit. I send my Julius the twenty French crowns, which I promised him annually, when he was in England; besides eight crowns, and I know not how many batzen" besides, making in aU fifty English shilUngs, which I squeezed with difficulty from Ann's father-in-law. FareweU, my father and much esteemed master in Christ. Salute, I pray you, in my name that exceUent woman your wife, BulUnger, Gualter, Lavater, Simler, Wolfius, Zuinglius, Gesner, Wickius, Haller, Frisius, Franciscus, and the dear boy MartyriUus. SaUsbury, Aug. 14, 1562. Your most devoted, JOHN JEWEL, Anghs. P See p. 79.] P A batmen, is somewhere about the value of twopence.] 120 BISHOP JEWEL TO JOSIAH SIMLER. [lET. LETTER LIL BISHOP JEWEL TO JOSIAH SIMLER. Dated at Salisbury, Aug. 18, 15C2. Your Herman, ray Josiah, is at last become mine ; yes, mine altogether, both by acquisition and possession. How so? you wiU exclaim. I wiU tell you. By the rising of the waters ; for he reached Saliisbury on the Sth of July, having escaped with difficulty frora the tumults in France. Oh ! how often do we converse with each other about the state of the repubUc of Zurich, and especiaUy about our friend Josiah ! I have now the entire benefit of those delightful conversations, which, to say the truth, I rather envied you the enjoyment of. And if you were now with us, nothing could be more pleasant, or more to be desired by me, provided only you would leave that gout of yours at home. Believe me, my Josiah, although your griefs are, and ought to be, a grief to rae, yet when I soraetiraes think about you, and place you, as it were, be fore ray eyes, I see a wrinkled old man, bowed down, with bent body, leaning on crutches, di-agging one foot after the other, and deUcately treading on the ground. But I am not a little surprised that the gout can lay hold upon you, as you have always been a brisk and active young man, while that old woman is so indolent and sedentary. The queen of Scotland, niece of the duke of Guise, haa within these few days, by way of courting the favour and friendship of our queen, sent her a raost splendid and valuable diamond, inclosed and fixed in a plate of gold, and set off with some flattering and elegant verses'. I send j'ou a copy of them, that you may know the truth of tliat saying, attributed, if I remember right, to Louis XI. Ho toho knows not how to dissemhle, knoivs not how to govern. P See p. 115.] LIII.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 121 Farewell, my Josiah, fareweU. Salute most dutifully in my narae your most excellent wife, masters Gualter, Wolfius, Zuinglius, HaUer, Wickius, Frisius, Guldebeckius. Herman salutes you. Salisbury, Aug. 18, 1562. Yours in Christ, JOHN JEWEL, Anglus. LETTER LIII. BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, Aug. 20, 15G2. I RECEIVED your letter, vvritten June 22nd, about the beginning of August. There has been a little book published here, entitled^ " an apology for the church of England ;" in which it is shewn, why we have gone over from the pope to Christ, and why we refuse to acknowledge the council of Trent. It may be that two books have been published, but I have only seen this one. I ordered my servant to inquire in London for one or both, if there are two, and to give them in charge to Birkman, to be sent over to Froschover at the approaching fair. Our London friends seem to forget their duty, in not sending over to you books of this kind. Unless the archbishop of Canterbury had sent me a copy, I should not have seen it even now. There is in my^ioeese,^in Norfolk, a venerable old raan, an excellent preacher, and an ancient enemy of antichrist. The opinion of Brentius^ fell into his hands, which when he had read, he embraced with both hands, and even strenuously and obstinately defended it against some pious and learned men. When this came to my ears, I sent him the copy of your answer which you had presented me with; which when he had attentively perused, he returned to me with raany thanks, first to you for having published such a work, and then to rayself for having lent it to him for some days : for p See p. 101.] P See p. 108.] 122 BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULUNGER. [leT. he has now bade farewell to the opinion of Brentius, and through your instrumentality, has embraced the truth. He is, I believe, nearly ninety years old ; I have never seen hira, for he lives a great way off, and is quite unable to ride, and indeed scarce able to walk. He preaches constantly in the church of which he is rector. If you would reduce 'your discourses on Jeremiah to a single volume, you would, in my opinion, do a service. I have written to our friend Gualter about the queen's fleet and the English troops ; and also, about the letter which poor Bm-cher wrote to me. I received a letter from ray lord of Canterbury four days ago ; the substance of it is this, that I should dUigently ascertain by every means in my power, though secretly, who, and how many there are in my diocese, who do not comply with the true religion. This is, I suspect, with the intention of punishing their breach of faith. I shall carefuUy attend to this, and shall give every intelUgence, as soon as possible, concerning the enemies of Christ. This step is very gratifying to me ; for I gather from it that his gi-ace of Canterbury intends firmly to support the true religion. May the Lord grant it ! Salute in my name your exceUent wife, sons, daughters, daughters-in-law, sons-in-law, and aU your connections; HaUer, Wolfius, Frisius, CoUin, Wickius, PeUican, Meyer, the Froscho- vers, &c. My wife salutes you aU. After I had written this, lo ! good news was brought me, namely, that the crucifix' and candlesticks in the queen's chapel are broken in pieces, and, as sorae ohe has brought word, reduced to ashes. A good riddance of such a cross as that ! It has continued there too long already, to the great grief of the godly, and the cherishing of I know not what expectations in the papists. Moreover, the pseudo- bishops, who are in the tower of London, wiU veiy soon render an account of their breach of faith. So I hear. FareweU, my good BuUinger. In haste. Ludham, Aug. 20, 1562. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST. [Bishop] of Norwich. P See note 2, p. 66.] LIV. J BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. 123 LETTER LIV. BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, March 5, 1563. Much health. Though grief for Peter° Martyr is unavail ing, yet there is something pleasant, I know not why, even in the very feeUng of sorrow. Alas ! he was one who, from the greatness of his talents, the variety of his attainments, his piety, his morals, his life, seemed worthy of never being taken away from us. But I had long before suspected this would be the case, when I first heard of a raan of his age turning his thoughts to mal•riage^ May our great and good God raer cifuUy look upon his church, and raise up for her other defenders in the room of the departed ! Ye are few, my father, ye are but few, upon whom the whole raatter rests; and I have always reckoned yourself among the foremost. Oh that there may always be some, to whora you may* be able to transfer your duties with satisfaction ! But to pass over these things, I do not wonder that your Hercules ° of Tubingen, the forger of monstrosities, is now triuraphing at his ease : I wonder whether he is able to confine himself within the ample limits and regions of his Ubiquitarian kingdom. Should he make any attack upon our departed friend, and his writings come to my knowledge, unless some of you should be before hand with me, I shaU think it my duty to reply to him, as far as ray engageraents will permit ; if for no other reason, at least to let the world know, that England and Switzerland are both united against these Ubiquitarians. P He died Nov. 12, 1662, in the sixty-third year of his age.] P See note 2, p. 64.] P Quibus possitis hanc lampadem committere. A metaphorical expres sion, borrowed from the custom of running with lighted torches at the feast of Prometheus at Athens, which they passed on from one to another tiU they reached the goal. See Lucret. ii. 77. Pers. Sat. vi. 61.] p Brentius. See note 1, p. 108.] 124 BISHOP JE'WEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. The death of the Guisian' Pharaoh, which I have to-day heard as an ascertained and undoubted fact, has, beUeve me, affected my inmost heart and soul. It was so sudden, so opportune, so fortunate, and so far exceeding all our hopes and expectations. What spirits must we now suppose our brethren to possess, whom that monster had already closely besieged, and whom in hope and imagination he had already almost devoured with his cruel jaws ? Blessed be the narae of the Lord ! Chatillon^ is now besieging the castle of Caen, and is daily gaining strength ; and there is good hope that the enemy will come into our terms, and that all wUl end as we wish. Our queen is collecting troops from Germany, and keeps them in her pay, regardless of expence. We are now assembUng the great councU of the nation, and are going on successfuUy both as to the affairs of reUgion, and of state, and also with respect to the sinews of war, namely, moneys. We have very favourable accounts frora Scotland. The queen, almost alone, retains both her Guisian obstinacy, and her mass, against the general wish. Our queen last autumn was taken ill of the small pox, and in some danger : she had almost lost her life through her impatience of the fever, and the wearisomeness [of the disease.] But we thank God, who has deUvered her from danger and us from feai-. We hear nothing about what yom- little Tridentine fathei-s, and the dropsical Pope, are bringing forth. Perhaps the Holy Spirit declines being present, or cannot speak. Whatever may be the reason, it is strange, that in so numerous an assembly, and so great expectation, nothing is accorapUshed. P Francis of Lorraine, duke of Guise and Aumale, was kiUed by a {)istol shot, Feb. 24, 1563, while preparing to besiege the city of Orleans, the strong hold of tho protestants in France.] P The admiral de Coligny. Tlie castle surrendered on the 2nd of March.] P This parUament made sundry laws for relief of the poor, for navigation, and husbandry, against rogues, cheaters, conjurors, perjured persons; and for translating the Biblo and Common Prayer into M'elcli ; and against advancing, the pope's authority, which is made treason, and refusal of the oath of supremacy. And subsidies were granted ; by the ecclesiastical men one subsidy, and by the laity another, with two fif teenths and tenths. Whitlocke's Memorials, p. 230, and Camden's Eliza beth, p. C3] .J BISHOP JEWEL TO JOSIAH SIMLER. 125 LV, I am at last beginning to recover my health, after the unseasonable weather of the last summer and this winter, and the spasms and cough which lasted for some days. I doubt not, you wUl take care that the writings of Peter Martyr be not lost : they cost their author much labour, and de serve, as you know, to be highly esteemed. FareweU, most accompUshed Sir, and much esteemed bro ther and master in Christ. Salute in my name that exceUent lady your wife, your sons, daughters-in-law, masters Gualter, Simler, Lavater, ZuingUus, Wickius, Wolfius, Haller, Gesner, Frisius. May the Lord long preserve you to us safe and sound ! London, March 5, 1563. Your brother in Christ, and most attached, JOHN JEWEL. LETTER LV. BISHOP JEWEL TO JOSIAH SIMLER. Dated at London, March 7, 151)13. I WOULD write to you also, my Josiah, did not my en gagements prevent me. But, as you know, we are now assembled in parliament, and are deliberating about the affairs of the chureh and state, peace and war. And though in all this tm-moil I can scarcely remeraber myself, I cannot be forgetful of my Josiah, whom, although on so many accounts I admire and reverence, and bear in mind, as either discoursing, or writing, or reading; yet when I think upon him with the stoop of old" age, leaning on two crutches, drawing after him one or both feet, cautiously looking about, for fear any thing should run against his toes, softly and deUcately treading on the ground, and coughing just as old Chromes, painfuUy, and like P See p. 120. Simler was now only thirty-two years old. He died in 1676, in his 45th year.] 126 BISHOP JEWEL [let. an old man ; believe me, I can scarce refrain from laughing. For do tell mc, ray Josiah, wliat kind of old age is this? or rather, what kind of shamming is it ? Can such a change have taken place in so short a time ? But, however it be, you are, I believe, a worthy man, and do not let yom- looks belie your feet. Our mutual friend Herman is with rae. I wish you were here also ; you would easily get rid of your gout, and bandages, and crutches. FareweU, my Josiah. Yours in Christ, JOHN JEWEL. LETTER LVI. BISHOP JEWEL TO JOSIAH SIMLER. Dated at London, March 23, 1563. I HAVE at aU times, most leai-ned Josiah, duly appre ciated your kindness and courtesy and affection. For who could do otherwise than love one of such a disposition, so courteous, so learned, so mindful of an old friend, in a word, so amiable? But when my regard for you seemed incapable of increase, your deserts have nevertheless produced this effect, that I daily seem to feel that if what is now most great could become m,ore so, I should love you yet more than I now do. I have received from you a silver image of that exceUent old raan Peter Martyr, with an account of his Ufe and death. In the figure indeed, although there is in many respects an admirable resemblance (to the original), yet there was a something, I know not what, in which I was unable to per ceive the skiU of the artist. And what wonder is it, that there should be some defect in producing the likeness of one, the like of whom, whenever I look ai-ound me, I can scarce beheve ever' to have existed? Yom- Uttle book, however, I perused with the greatest eagerness and delight. For I LVI.] TO JOSIAH SIMLER. 127 seemed to myself to behold the same old man with whom I had formerly lived upon such affectionate tei-ms; and to behold him too, I know not why, more nearly and thoroughly, than when we were living together. You have refuted that obscm-e and insolent reviler, Stan- carusS (whose very existence I was ignorant of,) both skil fully and learnedly, and, as I hope, with great advantage to the church. But, my Josiah, I am sparing in writing to you, especially when concerning yourself. For it is neither con sistent with my friendship or ray modesty, to utter these things in your ears. I have read this work^ with the greatest eagerness, as I do all your writings; for they are written most copiously on barren subjects, and most clearly on obscure ones. I acknowledge and confess your kindness, and own myself, moreover, in your debt. Our church, hythe blessing of God, is free from these monsters. We have only to do with some of the popish satellites, who are giving us as much disturbance as they can in their corners and hiding places ; and even at this moment are preventing me from throwing together what I had medi tated against the Ubiquitarians : but on this subject I have written more fully to BuUinger. Should you publish the wi-itings of Peter Martyr, you wiU both confer a benefit on the church, and satisfy the expectation of many good men who desire it. As to the Commentaries on Genesis, respecting which you seera to require ray opinion, indeed, ray Josiah, I have never read them. I doubt not, however, that they are such, as when published, wiU be acknowledged to be the work of Peter Mai-tyr. P He was professor of Hebrew at Cracow, and afterwards at Konigs berg; and maintained that our Lord was mediator between God and man in his human nature alone. He was opposed by Osiander, Calvin, BuUinger and Melancthon. See Bayle, who says of him that "il versait des torrens d'injures dans les ecrits qu'U composait contre ses antago- nistes ; et il s'excusait de cela sur le droit de represaUles, et sur I'impor- tance des Heresies qu'U croiait combattre, et meme sur I'example des apotres." He died in 1674.] P The work here referred to was a confutation of a book 'written by Stancarus, and entitled, " De Trinitate, et Mediatore Domino nostro Jesu Christo, adversus Henricum BulUngerum, Petrum Martyrem, et Joannem Calvinum, et reliquos Tigurinse ac Genevensis ecclesise minis tros, ecclesise Dei perturbatores, etc. Basle, 1547."] 128 BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. Whatever news I had to relate, I have thrown together in my letter to master BuUinger. Were not your Rhine so rauch in the way, I should both write and send to you much more frequently. But the joumey is long, and besides I can scarce find any one who is going thither at this next fair; added to which, I am uncertain as to the fair itself. But, whatever may become of my letter, whether I write, or am silent, I am, my Josiah, wholly yours. [London] March 23, 1563. Salute, &c. JOHN JEWEL. LETTER LVIL BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated al Ludham, April 26, 1563. When I was in London, I rebuked those of my country men who had been at Zurich, for having been so unmindful of you as never to write to you. Sorae were ashamed of their long sUence, and some likewise expressed their soitow. But I hope they have now written, and that they wiU avrite more diligently in future. Foxe has written a large volume on the English Martyrs', and that too in EngUsh ; it was published four days before Easter. The papists themselves are now beginning to be disgusted with the cruelty of their leaders. Six or seven persons were convicted of treason, and con demned to death at the beginning of Lent; but the queen's mercy stiU suffers them to remain in the Tower of London. P Parkhurst here refers to the well known work, Foxe's Acts and Monuments, tho first edition of whicii was pubUshed about five weeks previous to the date of this letter. It is unnecessary here to add any particulars respecting that laborious work. Strype has given some in teresting information respecting it, Annals i, i. 374.] LVII.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 129 Two of them bear the name of Pole^, being relatives of Cardinal Pole. The Earl of Huntley, one of the principal noblemen in Scotland, and a notorious papist, influenced by the counsel of Guise, was purposing to pour forth the blood of the godly in Scotland, just as Guise did in France ; and there was a great conspiracy of many seditious persons, and the same tumult and bloodshed would certainly have taken place in Scotland as in France, had not the design, by God's blessing, been discovered in time. Some were slain in battle^ among whom was one of the sons of Huntley; the other son was condemned with some others. Huntley himself was being taken to prison; but in his way thither he fell back wards from his horse, and died of a broken neck. It is doubtful whether this was done by accident or on purpose. I Avrote you word that the cross", wax candles, and candle sticks had been reraoved from the queen's Chapel; but they were shortly after brought back again to the great grief of the godly. The candles heretofore were lighted every day, but now not at all. The lukewarmness of some persons very much retards the progress of the gospel. I wish well from my heart to aU the people of Zurich, whom I beg you to salute in ray name, and especiaUy your excellent wife, sons, daughters, &c. My wife salutes you aU. In haste. Ludham, April 26, 1563. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST, [Bishop] of Norwich, P Arthur Pole, Edmonde Pole, Anthonye Fortescue, John Prestall, Humfrey Barwycke, Edward Cosyn, and others, seven in all, were con demned on the 26th of February. Their treasons were intentions to come with a power into Wales, and to proclaim the Scottish queen. Both the ambassadors of France and Spain were concerned in the matter. Strype, Annals, i. i. 646, 665. Camden, Elizabeth, p. 68.] P At Corrichie, near Aberdeen, where Huntley was defeated by the Earl of Murray. His sons, John and Adam Gordon, were made prisoners; the former was executed, the latter pardoned on account of his tender age. By their confession, it appears, that he intended high treason to the queen of Scots. See a letter from Cecil to Sir Thomas Smith, dated Nov. 17, 1562. MS. Lansdo'svn, 102. 20.] p See p. 122.] 130 THOMAS SAMPSON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. LETTER LVIII. THOMAS SAMPSON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Oxford, July 26, 1563. I WISH you, reverend BuUinger, eternal life in Christ our Lord. You wiU perhaps wonder at ray freedora in troubUng you with this letter. Excuse me, I wiU write very briefly. There was one, not long since, at Zurich, into whose bosom I could pour out aU my cares. His remains are now with you. Zurich therefore often comes into my mind. But to what purpose should I idly prate of my thoughts at such times ? Martyr is yet alive : may Zurich live weU and happy ! and that the remembrance of the kindness I received at Zurich may not be buried with Peter Martyr, is the object of my now addressing you. I had once a little cottage at Zm-ich ; and if God would now grant my wishes, I should most anxiously return to it. I am perhaps selfish in desiring this: I do not deny it. But since the glory of Christ our Lord should be the supreme object of our desire, I wave all my petitions as far as they regard myself. In this matter therefore, namely, in looking out for me a small lodging, I am loth to give you any farther trouble. Oh that we may sometime be permitted to arrive at those mansions prepared for us in heaven by Christ om- Lord ! MeanwhUe, most reverend father, I commend both my counti-y and myseff to your prayers. The affairs of England are in a most un happy state ; I apprehend yet worse erils, not to say the worst : but we must meanwhile serve the Lord Ohi-ist. Happy is he whom our Chi-ist adopts into liis family ! Consider, then, that England is most earnestly commended to your prayers, and remember me also. As a lasting token of my regard, I send you by your countryman, master Blaarer, some Oxford gloves. They indeed will grow old; but may your love of England and of myself never grow old ! FareweU, LIX.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 131 and may you, my very dear father, live most happy in the Lord ! Oxford, July 26, 1563. Yom-s, THO. SAMPSON. Salute Julius Terentianus in my name and in that of my wife. LETTER LIX. BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, Aug. 13, 1563. Health to you in Christ, most leamed BuUinger. I wrote you a letter on the 26th of April, which I hope you received : yours, however, written on the 6th of March was delivered to me on the 23d of May; but I have not received the copy of your second reply to Brentius, which you vsrite of. What do I not imprecate against those men who have robbed me of so great a treasure ! If you had tied it up with the letters of Gualter, Lavater, and Simler, it would have reached me in safety. I have not yet seen any thing that Brentius has written, either against yourself or Peter Martyr; nor do I much regard any writings or trash of that kind. Yom- letter written October 16, 1562, I did not receive tUl the 27th of June. Hyperius sent it to Luncher, and Luncher to me. 1 have not seen him of a long time, but I sent some money to him on the 4th of July, and I inclose you his letter to rae, by which you wiU learn how harsh and inexorable are the heads of his coUege, who wUl not aUow him any leave of absence. Within these few days there has come to me a young Scotsman, a most exceUent preacher, recommended to me by letter from Grindal, bishop of London, and Coverdale, late bishop of E.xeter. He is now settled in my diocese, namely, in a sea-port caUed Lynn. He has brought me news from 9—2 132 BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. Scotland, that the archbishop' of St Andrew's has been con demned to death for hearing mass ; and that two or three of the nobility have been imprisoned for the same reason. They have decreed in parliament that adultery shaU be punished with death. The Queen of Scotland demanded in the house of parlia raent these three things: 1 That she might be aUowed to hear mass; 2, that she might declare war against the English; 8, that the German, (viz. the popish) guards might be about the court, to whom should be committed the charge of her person. But none of these requests were compUed with. These things he told me. There was a violent thunder storm here about the be ginning of July. The spire of the cathedral church in the city of Norwich was violently shaken, though not thrown down; but it was repaired shortly after. The plague is raging in London^ and at Newhaven^, and, as it is reported, in the French army. You wiU hear evei-y thing else from my letter to Gualter. On the 20th of July I sent by one of my principal attendants a letter to the councU. On the 26th of the same raonth he brought their answer, and died of the plague foiir days after. The Lord have mercy upon us ! About the beguming of August war was pubUcly declared against France*. Salute in my name the most honourable lady your mfe, also your sons and daughters, learned friends, and most courte ous citizens, whom you know me to be acquainted with. In P Murray cast the Archbishop of St Andrew's into prison, because he had not abstained from celebrating mass, for which he hardly obtained pardon with many tears. Camden, EUzabeth, p. 68.] P Out of the city of London alone, wluch consisteth of a hundred and twenty-one parishes, there were carried forth to burying about 21,630 corpses. Camden, Elizabeth, p. 67.] P Now Havre de Grace, tUl then occupied by tlie English, but surrendered in July by reason of the plague here mentioned, which was brought into England, and the latter end of August raged in London, about a thousand in a week dying. Strype, Annals, i. U. 94.] P Sir Nicolas Throgmorton, the queen's ambassador in France, was put under restraint; and the queen, to be even with the French for this injurious dealing with her ambassador, lodged the French ambassador at Eton in Sir Thomas Smith's old lodgings, very commodiously, but under restramt. Strype, Annals, i. u. 94.] LX.] LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO HEXRY BULLINGER. 1S3 haste. Ludham, August 13, 1563. My wife salutes you all, and thanks you for your letter. As no one who under stands German is at hand she is unable to reply to you, which she very much regrets. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST, [Bishop] of Norwich. "I hear that peace is about to be made between the French and ourselves. God grant it ! I know for certain that a truce has been established for some time. My wife sends you two pair of boots, which you may wear when rude Boreas rushes down, bringing cold, frost, and snow. LETTER LX. LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Oxford, August 16, 1563. Health in Christ, and everlasting peace ! I rejoice and congratulate you again and again that the tumult of war has subsided. I lament, however, that the affairs of reUgion have made so little progress. Jesus wiU at length afford us halcyon days, when the gospel shall meet with more acceptance, and the church, I hope, wiU have her sons, and the gospel its course, in spite of, and with the opposition of, all the powers of hell. For the truth wiU prevail, and no power or cunning of man shaU be able to resist the divine will and operation. But to you and yours, our fathers and brethren, do we wish a long life, lest the christian commonwealth should be deprived of her parents, and patrons, and guardians. P This peace " was yroclaymed in London the 22d [of April, 1664], and on the 23d a notable good sermon made at Pooles [St Paul's], with Te Deum and aU incident solemnities." CecU to Sir Thomas Smith, MS. Lansd. 102. 49. and see Strype, Annals, i. U. 115. The articles are recorded by Camden, Elizabeth, p. 70.] 134 LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. Respecting the subject of the habits, I wish you would again write me your opinion, either at length, or briefly, or in one word: first, whether that appears to you as indifferent which has been so long established with so much superstition, and both fascinated the minds of the simple with its splendom-, I and imbued them with an opinion of its reUgion and sanctity : j secondly, whether at the command of the sovereign, (the ', jurisdiction of the pope having been abolished,) and for the sake of order, and not of ornament, habits of this kind may be wom in church by pious men, lawfuUy and with a safe conscience. I am speaking of that round cap and popish surplice, which are now enjoined us, not by the unlawful tyranny of the pope, but by the just and legitiraate autho rity of the queen. To the pure, then, can aU these things be pure, and matters of indifference? I ask your reverence to let me know very exactly what is your opinion. , Sampson had sent his letter by another hand. He salutes you and master Gualter and the rest again and again. May the Lord preserve your chm-ch and his ! Oxford, August 16, 1563. Yours, LAURENCE HUMPHREY. LETTER LXI. BISHOP HORN TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Winchesteh, Dec. 13, 1563. I HAVE now received, my very dear BulUnger, your tliree letters ; two of wliich, namely, the first, dated October 10, [1562], and the second, dated March 10, 1563, reached me only on the 31st of last May ; the third, dated on the 29th of August, reached me in good time in October. I perceived in them the great strength of your regard, which expressed itself in such delightful terms, and could be satisfied only with my LXI.j BISHOP HORN TO HENRY BULLINGER. ISo letter, or my trifling presents. They were sent by me how ever, to make you understand that not myself only, but my property and foKtune, is ready to do you service. As for yom- thanking me for the cloth, and expressing your intention of returning the obligation, I therein acknowledge yom- exceeding kindness in confessing yourself to be under any obligation to me, who ara so deeply indebted to yourself. And when you daily refresh your remembrance of me in that silver cup, I take it thus, that as nothing can be raore gratifying to me than your kindness and esteem, so it is a source of exceed' ing pleasure to me to be in your frequent recollection, and to be as it were constantly before your eyes. But since a cup of so moderate a price must be very smaU, I have sent you fourteen crowns more, together with my coat of arms, as you desire, that you may get a cup made that is larger and more suitable for a fuU party. I am equaUy troubled with yourselves at the insidious- ness and fury of the enemies, from which you are in danger : but I am, on the other hand, relieved by the consolation which you derive through him who has overcome the world, and whose people cannot be conquered or overcome by the world. And we are not so much distressed by the evils of popery, as the glory of God is illustrated, and the gospel magnified. We have throughout England the same ecclesiastical doctrine as yourselves ; as to rites and cereraonies ' nor, as the peo ple are led to believe, do we at aU differ in our estiraation of them. But we have never ceased, according to yom- advice, to teach, warn, and enforce what is right and necessary to be foUowed, from the holy scriptures ; lest the flock committed to our charge should, thi-ough our fault, be scattered by those inveterate errors which are stiU circulated by the papists in secret. Of the books you mention in your second letter, I have received three upon the same arguments, against the Ubiqui- tarianism of Brentius; which subject a certain EngUshman has undertaken as you desire, and by the divine assistance wiU treat with zeal and eloquence, that it may be manifest to every one, that the people of England entertain on these points the same opinions as you do at Zurich. I had heard of the P The original MS. is here illegible.] 136 BISHOP HORN TO HENRY BULLINGER. ^LET. death of that illustrious man, Peter Martyr, before the arrival of your letter. I rejoice at the successor whom he appointed in his dying moments. When the Tridentine Council, framed •as it is against Christ, shaU have reached its utmost height, he that sitteth in the heavens, and laugheth them to scorn, wiU disperse it, as he has always made the vain coimsels of men of no effect, and brought them to nought. It now remains for me, my BuUinger, to salute affection ately, in my wife's name as well as my own, both yourseff and the excellent ladies, your wife and Froschover's ; also your sons in law, Simler, Lewis, Lavater, and Zuinglius ; as well as my beloved brethren in Christ, masters Gualter, Bibliander, Wolfius, and HaUer ; ray landlord too, and that poor widow who waited upon us when we lived together in Froschover's house, and to whom I have sent two crowns. I wish you health from the Lord. I will henceforth take care that you shall not be in want of a letter from me, and I ask you again and again to do the same on your part. FareweU. May the Lord Jesus long preserve you in safety to his church ! Win chester, December 13, 1563. Yours whoUy in Christ, ROBERT WINTON. LETTER LXII. BISHOP PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLER. Dated at Ludham, Feb. 17, 15C4. I SEND you, according to your request, two lettei-s wi-itten to me by Peter Martyr : should I find any more, I wiU send them. I wrote to you on the 26th of April", and also on the 14th of August. For the silver [image of Peter] Mai-tyr P These letters arc not preserved. Those of Parkhurst to BuUmger of the same dates are given above.] LXII.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLER. 1S7 I sent a golden Elizabeth. You are right in preparing an edition of the works of Martyr ; for you will thus deserve well of all pious persons, and perform a most useful service to the clmrch of Christ. May' the Lord prosper your undertaking and bring it to a happy issue ! The wife^ of the duke of Norfolk died in childbed on the 10th of January, and was buried at Norwich on the 24th of the same month. I preached her funeral sermon. There were no ceremonies at the funeral, wax candles or torches. Except the sun nothing shone, which sadly annoyed the papists. Nothing of the kind has been ever seen in England, especially at the funeral of a peer or peeress. Other news you will learn from my letters to others. FareweU, my Simler. Salute in my name aU my friends, especially your excellent wife. Mine salutes you and yours and all our friends. Ludham, Feb. 17, 1564. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST, [Bishop] of Norwich. Give this catalogue to master Gesner ^ P This was Margaret, daughter and heir of Thomas Lord Dudley, of Walden, widow of Lord Henry Dudley. She was the second wife of Thomas, fourth duke of Norfolk. The duke's council appointed the dean of Christ church, Sampson, to preach at her uiterment. But the bishop hearing of it, for doing the greater honour to the duke, sent his letter to the council, offering his service in that behalf. For although, as he said, the other could do much better than he, yet he thought it his bounden duty to do all things that he might to God's glory, to do honour to the duke's grace. Therefore the dean buried her, and the bishop made the sermon. He wi-ote to Mr Fox, telUng him, after his jocose way, " AU things were done honourably, sine cruoo, sine lua;, at non sine tinkling. There was neither torch, neither taper, candle, nor any light else, beside the light ofthe sun; singing there was enough." Strype, Annals, i. ii. 45. See MS. Harl. 416. 175.] P Gesner was minded to publish the ancient ecclesiastical authors from good copies. For which purpose he sent to the bishop of Norwich a catalogue of books of that sort, that search might diUgently be made in aU our best libraries for MS. copies of them. This is the catalogue here referred to. The bishop sent one copy of it to Fox, to search the queen's library; one to Mr Sampson, or Dr Humphrey, that search might be made in Oxford; and another to Mr Beaumont, master of Trinity CoUege, that he might do the like in Cambridge. See Strype, Annals i.' ii. 45.] 138 BISHOP JEWEL [let. LETTER LXIIL BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Salisbury, March 1, 1565. What shaU I say to you, most leamed sir, and renowned father ? I am both ashamed and grieved : ashamed, in the first place, that I have not written more frequently; and also grieved, that the letters which I have written have not been able to reach you. I beseech you, however, not to entertain the thought that either the school of Zurich, or the republic, or, lastly, your exceeding kindness can so quickly have passed away from ray mind. Indeed I have aU of you in my eyes and in my heart, and yom-seff especiaUy, my father, who are now the only Ught of our age. And now, as to tny correspondence, I, for my part, the last year only excepted, when aU intercourse was every where prevented by the plague and pestilence, have never omitted writing to yourself, Lavater, Simler, and Julius. Had I not done so, I should scarcely seem to have retained any sense, I will not say of duty, but even of common courtesy. But what has become of my former letters, I do not know. I hear that my last was taken by the French in a sea-fight, and carried off to Calais. But no more of this. Attend now to some affairs of om-s, in which I Imow, from your usual kindness, you wUl take more interest. First then, by the blessing of our great and good God, aU things are settled wi1;h us in the matters of religion. The popish exiles ai-e distiu-bing us and giving us aU the trouble in their power ; and in their published books, I know not whether through any iU luck, (shall I say?) or desert of mine, aim at me alone ; and this too, three of them have done at once, and with most outrageous clamour: as I alone have to answer them aU, you must not imagine that LXIII J TO HENRY BULLINGER. 139 I have nothing to do. Among other things, the Ubiquitarian' question is pressed upon me, which, for the sake of om- old Tubingen^ friend, I have purposely treated of very copiously, to the best of my power, and as the subject required ; but in our own language, as being intended for our own people. If I have leisure, I wiU copy a part, and send you. But as to that old man, I cannot make out what I ought to think about him; he appears to me to become more insane every day. For I have read the new "Phasma^ of Menander," which he has lately pubUshed; and I have to thank you, both for that book, and for aU your letters, and all your kindness. The state is in tranquiUity, both at home and abroad, by land and sea. We are at peace with France', and the disorders in Flanders are at last settled. Merchants go back wards and forwards from both countries, the Flemish to us and our merchants in turn to them. [Cardinal] GranveUe°, thi-ough whose knavery alone aU those disturbances began, so managed matters, that by the irregularity and stoppage of the markets, (neither iraports nor exports being aUowed,) P " His controversy with Harding gave him an opportunity of inci dentally considering the subject. The sixth article in his challenge relates to the question, whether Christ's body is, or might be, in a thousand places, or more, at one and the same time. Nothing can well be imagined more triumphant than the reasoning of Jewel, or more ridiculous than the arguments of his adversary." Le Bas, Life of Jewel, p. 128.] P Brentius. See note 1, p. 108.] P See Ter. Eun. Prol. 9] P The 29th of AprU [1564] the two treaties of peace 'with France were sealed 'with the queen's ratification. Strype, Annals, i. U. 116. See note 6, p. 133.] p "The English merchants removed to Embden by means of Gran- veUe, the Cardinal of Arras, who, hating the EngUsh for then- religion, had practised to blow the coals between the Low Countries and them, and to spoU their ancient commerce, by fomentmg jealousies and com plaints one agamst another. And the duchess of Parma, governess of the said Low Countries, bemg of the same disaffection towards the English nation, at length forbade aU EngUsh cloths to be imported ; whereat the EngUsh, partly resenting this dealmg, and partly out of fear of the inquisition now brought in, departed with then- effects to Embden. But an ambassador [Don Diego Gusman] sent from Spain to the queen, of a more grave and wise head, moderated their differences soon after, and set the trade on foot again between both people." See Strype, Life of Grindal, ch. ix. p. 126, &c. Also Burgon's Life of Sir T. Gresham, vol. II. p. 46, &c.] 140 BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. the tradesmen aU aghast, and the town's-people, who literally gain their liveUhood by spinning wool, reduced to idleness and destitution, some popular commotion' or domestic sedition might be the consequence. For he hoped by this means our religion would be shaken at the same time. But God has rather turned these counsels upon their author: for our people remained in their duty, as it was right they should ; but the people of Flanders, when our merchants took their departure, and settled their trade at Embden^, were exceed ingly indignant, and did every thing but break out into open disorders. The Irish, as I know you have heard, are now subject to us, and adopt our laws. The pope, not very long since, sent over an unprincipled and crafty agent, with orders to raise a commotion in that island. He was an Irishman, and was to stir up that wild and savage race against us for the cause of religion. But the knave was apprehended on his' first attempt, and examined, and sent prisoner to Eng land. And thus the most holy father has determined, that since he is unable to move the powers above, he wiU stir up hell beneath. In Scotland^ [affe,irs are] as we desire. The queen alone retains her mass, against the general wish. [^ " Ytt ys moche to be douttyd," Sir R, Clough, who was on the spot, writes to Sir T. Gresham, " of an insourrecyon within the towne, and that, out of hande; for here ys syche mysery within thys towne, that the lyke hathe nott bene sene. AUmost every nyght, howsys [are] broken up and robbyd." See Burgon, as above, vol. ii. p. 54.] P The English merchants, says Stowe, made trial of Embden, in East Friesland, as a mart for their commodities, by sending their cloth fleet thither, about Easter, 1664. See Strype, Life of Grindal, p. 125, &c. Sir R. Clough, in a memorial to Sir T. Gresham, on the comparative merits of Embden and Hamburgh for purposes of trade, remarks, among the inconveniencies of the former, that " the people of the towne are rude both in worde and deede, not meete to interteyne merchants; and not that only, but also withowte order of beleefe, not fearing God nor the devell, maynteyners of Anabaptists, Libertines, and all other kynde of damnable sects, withowte any reverence to God ; as it is well to bc seen by their churches ; for that in one place they preache, and in otlicr place of the churche there lyeth feathers, netts, and barrells, with dyvers ¦other unsecmely things, not fitt to be set in those places." Burgon, as "above, vol. ii. p. 69.] [" Some words arc '.vnnting in the original MS.] LXIV.] IlISHOP HORN TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 141 Parkhurst, Horn, Sarapson, Sandys, Lever, Chambers, are well, and at their respective posts. It is now two years since I have seen any of them. Farewell, my father : may the Lord Jesus very long preserve you alive and weU! Salute Gualter, Lavater, Simler, Wolfius, Haller, Gesner, Frisius, Zuinglius, Wickius, to each of whom I would write if I had leisure, or rather, if I were not quite overwhelmed with business. SaUsbury, in England, March 1, 1565. Your much attached and devoted, JO. JEWEL. LETTER LXIV. BISHOP HORN TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Fahnham Castle, July 17, 1565. You may easily imagine, my Gualter, with what affection and delight I received your first letter, because it informed me of the prosperity of the state of Zurich, on the good faith and liberality of which I was thrown, when an exile; and also of the good health, both of yourself and my other very dear and valued friends. To this was added your lucubration on St John's gospel; which afforded you, as you say, an opportunity of writing. This I highly approve of, as judging it will greatly contribute both to a true knowledge of scripture, and also to godliness; and I think it should be read, not only by the students, whose benefit you principally have in view, but also by the professors themselves. In the treaty between France and Switzerland, I com mend the clear-sightedness of Zurich, in having detected the artifices of the French, disguised under the pretence of religion; and I hope that your neighbours, the Bernese, wiU, after your example, withhold their concurrence in so dishonourable a league. As to the pestUence which has 142 BISHOP HORN TO RODOLPH GUALTER. [ LET. lately visited your district, I am of opinion that even the godly themselves are sometimes afflicted for the sake of the ungodly. And as father BuUinger', though attacked with it, has escaped danger, we ought to thiuk that he, who has endured these harder times, is reserved by the Lord for hap pier ones. I ascribe it to the mercy of God, who wiUed not that your labours should be interrupted, that your house was free from that contagion. Such is the state of our affau-s, that as you are afraid of the treachery of your French neighbours, so we are in fear of intestine treachery from the papists. The heads of that party are in public custody; the rest, affecting to be exiles, are endeavouring, by some of theur writings dispersed among the people, to bring themselves into power and us into odium, having obtained a handle of this kind, (smaU enough indeed,) through the controversy lately arisen among us about square caps and surplices. The papists cried out, that there is not among us that unanimity in reUgion which we profess to have ; but that we are guided by vai-ious opinions, and unable to remain in any fixed purpose. This calumny has gained strength from the act of pai-Uament for repressing the impiety of the papists, which passed before our return; by which, though the other habits were taken away, the wearing of squai-e caps and surpUces was 3'et con tinued to the clergy, though without any superstitious con ceit, which was expressly guarded against by the tei-ms of the act. This act cannot be repealed unless by the agreement and consent of all the estates of the kingdom, by v,-hose con currence it was enacted. It was enjoined us, (who had not then any authority either to make laws or repeal them,) either to wear the caps and sm-plices, or to give place to others. We compUed with this injunction, lest om- eneinies should take possession of the places deserted by om-selves. But as this raatter has occasioned a great strffe among us, so that our little flock has divided itself into two parties, the one thinking that on account of this law the ministry ought to be abandoned, and the other, that it ought not ; I beg of you, my Gualter, to write me at the eai-Uest oppor- P Two of his daughters died of the plague this year. He lost his wife and another daughter by the same disease m the year preceding.] LXV.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 143 tunity what is your opinion of this controversy, which is the only thing that troubles us. We certainly hope to repeal this clause of the act next session ; but if this caimot be effected, since the papists are forming a secret and powerful opposition, I nevertheless am of opimon that we ought to continue in the ministry, lest, if we desert and reject it upon such grounds, they insinuate themselves [into our places.] For which reason, my Gualter, I await^ your opinion, whether we can do, what we are thus doing, with a safe conscience? I am also so anxious about your church, that, as I suspect many faithfid ministers have died of the plague, I wish to know by letter from you the names of those who are yet alive. May the Lord Jesus, the great guardian of his flock, guard you and his universal church ! Farewell in him. Farnham Castle, July 17, 1565. Yours in Christ, ROB. WINTON. LETTER LXV. BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, Aug. 18, 1565. I WAS grieved beyond measure at your illness^ and I rejoice beyond measure at your recovery. You write me word that you inclosed in yom- letter to me one directed to [Bishop] Jewel; and you request me to cause a copy of it to be taken as far as this mark (t), and to send it to [Bishop] Horn. In truth, my BuUinger, I have not seen Jewel's letter, so that I can neither comply with your re quest, nor satisfy Horn's expectation; for Abel opened my letter, and gave the inclosure to Jewel in London. He P For BuUinger's letter to Bishop Horn on this question, see Appendix. It is dated Nov. 3rd.] P The plague : see p. 142.] 144 BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. promised Abel that he would send me a copy at the earliest opportunity. 'Any one may be rich in promises, and he promised indeed, but nothing further; and has thus defrauded both you, and myself, and Horn. But I impute this to the very numerous occupations by which he is distracted. You ask my pardon for having imposed upon me this bm-den. But I do not esteem it onerous but an honour, if I am able upon any occasion to be of service to BulUnger. When I read to my wife your letter in Gerraan, as soon as she heard of the Meath of your wife and daughter, she burst into a flood of tears. I was therefore obliged for some time to discontinue reading, as she was unable to listen. The queen of Scotland was married, on the 1st of August, to Henry, lord^ Darnley, eldest son of the earl of Lennox. Some of the Scotch nobility^ are by no means favourable to this new connection. We are as yet uncertain what wUl be the consequence. The gospel has certainly taken very deep root in that country. It was reported not long smce that our queen was about to marry the duke of Austria. What will be the case, I cannot teU; but as soon as I have ascertained the truth, I 'wiU let you know. I am expectmg your most learned discourses on Daniel. FareweU, my excellent BuUinger, with all your friends, to whom I desire all happiness. May the Lord preserve all the people of Zurich from evil ! Amen. In haste. Ludham, Aug. 18, 1565. My wife salutes you and your friends. Yours from my heart, JOHN PARKHURST, [Bishop] of Norwich. ' Potticitis dives quilibet esse potest. p See note, p. 142.] [^ He was Mary's cousm-gennan, by the lady Margaret Douglas, niece to Henry VIIL, and daughter of the earl of Angus, by Margaret, queen of Scotland.] ['' Because the famUy of Lennox was beUeved to adhere to the Roman CathoUc faith. Randolph, writing to the Earl of Leicester an account of the Queen of Scots' marriage, says of her husband, " I speake leaste of that which I thynk is most earnestlye intended by this Queue and her housbande, when by hym it was lately sayde that he cared more for the Papistes in Englande then hc did for the Protestants in Scotlande." MS. Cott. Calig. b. ix. 218.] LXVI.l BISHOP SANDYS TO HENRY BULLINGER. 145 LETTER LXVL BISHOP SANDYS TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Worcester, Jan. 3, 1566. Your most courteous letter, my Ulustrious friend, together with your very learned coraraentary on the prophet Daniel, has been delivered to rae within these few days by our friend Abel. By the which I both rightly perceive your regard for myself, and easily understand how rauch I owe you in return. That you have written to me in so affectionate and brotherly a manner, is indeed most gratifying, and I sincerely thank you for it; but by your condescension in sending me this excellent work of yours so enriched with aU kinds of learning, and also, which I esteem a singular favour, in sending it forth to the pubUc with my name, you have indeed done me a most particular kindness. This courtesy of yours, by which you are wont to attach to yourself the affections of all who know you, is reiparkable towards every one, but towards myseff it is peculiar and extraordinary. For you not only received me most kindly, and treated me with the greatest benevolence, when as an exile and wanderer without a home I formerly came to Zurich ; but even now, when by the providence of God I am restored to my country, you not only continue your affection, but strive to shew me honour and respect by every means in your power. When I anxiously reflect with myseff what return I can make to you for your exceeding kindness, I can discover nothing whatever to repay you, worthy of such great benefits. Since then your kindness to rae is far greater than I can possibly repay on equal terms, inasmuch as it has been your part to bestow benefits, mine to receive them, I wUUngly acknowledge myself your debtor ; and since I cannot repay you myself, I will intreat Hira to repay you, who has fully satisfied for aU our debts. In the mean time I have forwarded to our friend Abel a token, such as it is, of my affection towards you: he has undertaken that it shaU be 10 146 BISHOP SANDYS TO HENEY BULLINGER. [lET. safely transraitted to you. I eamestiy entreat you kindly to accept it, and in your kindness, not to regard the smallness of the gift, but the incUnation of the giver. What is doing here, and in what condition our affairs are placed, you will learn from the letters of others. I wiU men tion however what is of the most importance. The true religion of Christ is settled among us ; the gospel is not bound, but is freely and faithfuUy preached. As to other matters, there is not rauch cause for anxiety. There is some little dispute about using or not using the popish habits ; but God wUl put an end to these things also. Farewell, most esteemed Sir, and love me, as you do, and remember rae in your prayers to God. Salute, I pray you, in my name, masters' Gualter, Simler, your son Henry, ahd the others, my masters and very dear brethren in Christ. Wor cester, Jan. 3, 1^66. Yom- raost loring brother, EDWIN WORCESTER. LETTER LXVIL BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER AND LEWIS LAVATER. Dated at Salisbury, Feb. 8, 1566. Much health in Christ Jesus. I \mte to you, reverend father, and yoii, my good Lewis, much less frequently than either I desire or you expect. How you wiU take this, I know not ; yet I hope not unkindly ; for the more I feel myseff obliged by the kindness of you all, and have always valued your good opinion of me, the less would I desire to be accused by you of forgetfulness or neglect. It may probably appear affected in me to ascribe my long silence to my own occupations ; yet did you know me and my LXVII.] BISHOP JEWEL TO HENBY BULLINGER, &C. 147 engagements, there would be no need of any other excuSei» For in addition to ray other incessant troubles, my own ^nd other people's, domestic and pubUc, civil and ecclesiastical, (from which no one in ray office can in these times be exempt,) I ain compeUed, almost alone, to engage with external enemies, to say nothing of domestic ones. They are indeed om- own country men, but enemies in heart, and enemies in the land they 'dweU in. For our fugiti'ves at Louvaine began during the last year to be in riolent comraotion, and to ¦write with the greatest aspe rity against us aU. Me alone they have attacked by narae. And why so ? you wiU say. I know not, unless it be that they know rae to be of aU men the most averse from strife, and the most unable to resist. Yet, six years since, when I preached at court' before the queen's raajesty, and was speaking about the antiquity of the popish reUgion, I reraember that I said this among other things, that our enemies, when they accuse our cause of novelty, both vwong us and deceive the people ; for that they approved new things as if they were old, and con demned as new things of the greatest antiquity; that their private masses, and their mutilated commimions, and the natural and real presence and transuhstantiation, &c., (in which things the whole of their religion is contained,) have no certain and ex press testimony either of holy scripture. Or ancient councils, or fathers, or of any thing that could be caUed antiquity^. At aU this they were in great indignation: they began to bark in their holes and corners, and to call me an impudent, bold, insolent, and frantic boaster. Four years after one Hard-: ing unexpectedly carae forward; a man who, not very long since,. was a hearer and admirer of Peter Martyr, and a most active preacher of the gospel, but is now a wretched apostate, and one whose character is weU known to our friend Julius. This man would fam refute rae out of the Amphilochiuses, Abdiases, Hippolytuses, Clements, Victors, supposititious Athanasiuses, Leontiuses, Oletuses, Anacletuses, the decretal epistles, drearas, [' As bishop Jewel had preached at court this Lent, [1560,] so he had his day at the cross, which was the second Sunday before Easter. In both places he preached that famous sei-mon, wherein he openly chal lenged the papists. Strype, Annals, i. i. 300. His text was from 1 Cor. xi. 23, &c. Le Bas, p. 91.] P i.e. within 600 years from the bu-th of Christ.] 10—2 148 BISHOP JEWEL [let. and fables. I replied to him last year, as weU as I could. But, gracious heaven, what a Ufe is this ! Oh that strife might perish from among gods and men ! ' I had scarce finished my work, when there suddenly flies abroad a Confutation ofmy Apology ; an immense and elaborate work, and fiUed with abuse, contumely, falsehoods and flatteries. Here I am again pelted at. What would you have ? He must be answered'. You thus perceive, reverend father, that we are far from idle, myself more especi ally, whose lot it is, I know not by what fatality, to be always battUng with these monsters. May the Lord give me strength and courage, and beat down Satan under our feet! I have thought it right to acquaint you at length with these things, that should my letters in future arrive less fi-equently than either you expect or I wish, you may ascribe it to any thmg rather than forgetfulness or ingratitude. Our country is now free from war, and quiet as to matters of religion. Those countryraen of ours at Louvaine disturb us as much as they can; but our people are faithful to their duty, and I hope will continue to be. The queen is in exceUent health, and averse from marriage. The last winter so injured the rising corn, that there is now much distress throughout aU England from a scarcity of wheat. This year, by the blessing of God, aU kinds of grain were most abundant. I have not seen Parkhurst, bishop of Norwich, nor Sandys, bishop of Worcester, nor Pilkington, bishop of Durham, for the last three years' ; so completely are we dispersed. We are aU, however, safe and well, and with a grateful recoUection of you. The only one that has died is Richard Chambers*, who departed piously in the Lord. The contest respecting the linen surplice, about which I doubt not but you have heard either from our friend Abel or * fl? epis CK T6 Oecoi' £K t' dvBpioTriav dwoXoiTO. [Hom. II. xvm. 107] P And this at length produced his [Bishop Jewel's] admirably useful, learned book, entitled his Defence [of the Apologj]. Strype, Annals, i. U. 178.] P i.e. since the last synod.] P Richard Chambers was one of the exiles at Frankfort, and with Grindal was an agent to the Strasburgh exiles to treat with those at Frankfort about the English service book in 1554. Strype, Life of Grindal, p. 14.] LXVII.] TO HENRY BULLINGER AND LEWIS LAVATER. 149 Parkhurst, is not yet at rest. That matter stiU somewhat dis turbs weak minds'. And I wish that aU, even the slightest ves tiges of popery might be removed from our churches, and above all from our minds. But the queen at this time is unable to endure the least alteration in matters of religion. The affau;s of Scotland are not yet quite settled. Some of their leading nobility are exiles among us; others have re mained at home, and are preparing for resistance in case of any attempted violence ; and from time to time sally forth from their castles, and drive off and carry away what they can from the lands of the papists. The queen herself, though obsti nately devoted to popery, hardly knows where to tum. For with regard to reUgion, she has a great part both ofthe nobiUty ° and people against her; and, as far as we can learn, the number is daily increasing. Within these few days king Philip pri vately sent thither a certain Italian abbot, with Spanish gold; a crafty man, and trained for intrigue. His business was to aid the king and queen with his subtle advice, and to throw every thing into confusion. The new king, who had hitherto abstained from going to raass, and had of his own accord at tended the sermons, for the sake of popularity, when he first heard of the ship being expected to arrive on the morrow, became on a sudden more confident, and having taken courage, P The first bishops that were made, and who were but newly returned out of their exUes, as Cox, Grindal, Horn, Sandys, Jewel, Parkhurst, Bentham, upon their first returns, before they entered upon their ministry, laboured all they could against receiving into the church the papistical habits, and that all the ceremonies should be clean laid aside. But they could not obtain it from the queen and the parliament; and the habits were enacted. Then they con sulted together what to do, being in some doubt whether to enter into their functions. But they concluded unanimously not to desert their ministry for some rites, that, as they considered, were bnt a few, and not evil in themselves, especially since the doctrine of the gospel remained pure and entire. Strype, Annals, i. i. 263.] P "Tlie duke, the eries of ArgUe, Murray, and Rothoss, with sundry barons, are joynid together not to allow ofthe mariadg otherwise than to have the religion stabUshed by law, but the queue refuseth in this sort ; she wUl not suffer it to have the force of law but of permission to every man to ly ve according to his conscience ; and herewith she hath reteyned a great nombre of protestants from associating oppenly with the other." CecU to Su- T. Smith, Aug. 21, 1565. MS. Lansd. 102. 62. See EUis's Original Letters.] 150 BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER, &C. ' [lET. would no longer play the hypocrite. He went to church, and ordered raass to be said before him as nsual. At that very tirae Knox, who is a preacher in the same town, and in the next church, was declaiming with his accustomed boldnessj before a crowded congregation, against the mad idolatries, and the whole pontifical dominion. In the raean tirae this ship of king PhUip, tossed about by the winds and terapests, shattered and broken by the waves, with its mast sprung, its timbers stove in, the pilots lost, bereft of crew and cargo, is driven, a mere vyreck, and fiUed 'with water, upon the coast of England. I doubt not but that this has happened by divine proridence, to teach the infatuated king what a dan gerous thing it is to hear mass. There is a report of great disorders in France. That house of Guise can never rest 'without sorae great mischief. But these things are rauch nearer you than ourselves. The Dane and Swede have had some bloody battles 'vrith each other, and are reported to be stUl in arms'. Each of them has sustained much loss, nor can it be yet determined which is superior. Your books, yom-s, ray reverend father, on Daniel, and yours, my learned Lewis, on Joshua, have reached me in safety. I both thank om- gracious and almighty God for you, and you for these labours and studies, and for aU yom- kind ness. I have sent herewith twenty crowns to our friend JuUus for his yearly stipend, and the sarae sura to you two, that you may expend them, as is usual, either upon a pubhc enter tainment, or for any other purpose you may prefer. May God preserve in safety yourselves, the church, yom- state, and school! Salute in my name masters Gualter, Sinaler, ZuingUus, Gesner, Wickius, HaUer, Henry and Rodolph BuUinger. SaUsbury, Feb. 8, 1566. Your attached and devoted in the Lord, JOHN JEWEL, Am P This war was occasioned by the voluntary submission of Estho- nia to Sweden in 1561.] LXVin.] LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. 151 LETTER LXVIIL LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Oxford, Feb. 9, 1566. I CONGRATULATE you, revcrend father in Christ, ourselves, and the church, that you are recovered from the long disease with -which you were afflicted, and are now, by the blessing of God, raised up again and restored to health. And I pray again and again, that you raay be strengthened more and more. Your lucubrations on Daniel, together with the preface and honom-able mention both of myself and my brother exiles, I saw and perused with great pleasure, and gratefuUy acknow ledge your kindness. I am glad that you promise to comment upon Isaiah, and earnestly entreat you, with the help of the Lord, to persevere and finish the work you have begun. The book is altogether evangeUcal, fuU of mysteries, and in some parts, by reason of the concise structure of the sentences, and intermixtm-e of histoi-y, and frequent figurative language, and some interruptions, rather obscm-e. Wherefore, though some exceUent and leamed men have thrown great light upon it, and have diUgently laboured in the illustration of it, yet the addition of your own labour wiU be both pious and profitable. In the third chapter, where the prophet is discoursing about omaments and female attire, should you think fit to insert any thing respecting this affair of the habits, it would in my opinion be worth your while. I ara not ignorant of what you have ah-eady written ; but you seem to have expressed your sentiments too briefly, and without sufficient perspicuity. Wherefore I again and again entreat your piety to reply in few words to those little questions of mine" ; first, whether laws respecting habits may properly be prescribed to church- [^ These questions are given with a Uttle variation by Strype, Annals, i. U. 137. BuUinger's reply is given. Annals, i. U. 505, and weU deserves attention. It wUl be found in the Appendix.] 152 LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. men, so as to distinguish them from the laity in shape, colour, &C.2 Secondly, whether the ceremonial worship ofthe Levitical priesthood is to be reintroduced into the church of Christ? Thirdly, whether in respect of habits and external rites, it is allowable to have any thing in comraon with the papists, and whether Christians may borrow ceremonies from any counterfeit and hostile church ? Fourthly, whether the distinguishing apparel of the priesthood is to be wom [upon all occasions] like a common dress? Whether this does not savour of monkery, popery, and Judaism ? Fifthly, whether those per sons who have tiU now enjoyed their Uberty, can with a safe conscience, by the authority of a royal edict, involve in this bondage both themselves and the church ? Sixthly, whether the clerical dress of the papists may be regarded as a matter of indifference 2 Seventhly, whether the habit is to be worn, rather than the office deserted? I had sent both to master Beza and yourself some other questions ; I know not whether you received thera. I entreat you to condescend to explain your judgraent and opinion a little more fuUy as soon as possible ; and also to touch upon and note the reasons upon which it is founded. You see that it is the Lernaean Hydra, or the tail of popei-y. You see too what the reUcs of the Amorites have produced. You see my importunity. Confer, I beseech you, on the whole matter with master Gualter and your coUeagues, and write their opinion either to me or master Sampson. Oxford, Feb. 9, 1565, according to the English computation'. May Christ long preserve you to his church in health and happiness ! Your most attached, LAURENCE HUMPHREY. [} Until the introduction of the new style, a.d. 1752, the year in England commenced from the 25th of March.] LXIX.] THOMAS SAMPSON TO HENRY BULLINGER. 153 LETTER LXIX. THOMAS SAMPSON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Feb. 16, 1566. Reverend father in Christ, I wrote you a letter six raonths since, and should have satisfied the wishes of many of my brethi-en, if, as I then earnestly requested, I had received an answer from your worthiness. But since either my letter was not delivered to you, or yours (if you have written any) appears to have been intercepted, I am under the necessity of repeating what I before stated. Our church reraains in the same condition as was long since reported to you. For, after the expiration of seven years in the profession of the gospel, there has now been revived that contest about habits, in which Cranmer, Ridley, and Hooper, most holy martyrs of Christ, were formerly wont to skirmish. The state of the question, however, is not in all respects the same, but the deterraination of those in power is more inflexible. This indeed is very gratifying to our adver saries at Louvaine, for they praise these things up to the skies. But that you may raore readily understand the raatter in controversy, I have thought it best to reduce it into certain questions, which are these: I. Whether a peculiar habit, distinct from that of the laity, were ever assigned to the ministers of the gospel in better times, and whether it ought now to be assigned to them in the reformed church ? II. Whether the prescribing habits of this kind be con sistent with ecclesiastical and christian liberty? III. Whether the nature of things indifferent admits of coercion ; and whether any violence should be offered to the consciences of the many who are not yet persuaded ? 164 THOMAS SAMPSON [lET. IV. Whether any new ceremonies may be instituted, or superadded to what is expressly coraraanded in the word ? V. Whether it be lawful to revive the Jewish cereraonies respecting the habit of the priesthood, and which were abo Ushed by Christ? VI; Whether it be expedient to borrow rites from idolaters or heretics, and to transfer such as are especiaUy dedicated to their sect and religion to the use of the reformed church ? VII. Whether conformity and general agreement must of necessity be required in ceremonies of this kind? VIII. Whether those ceremonies may be retained which occasion evident offence ? IX. Whether any ecclesiastical constitutions may be tolerated, which, though from their nature they are free from any thing irapious, do not, nevertheless, tend to edification ? X. Whether any thing of a ceremonial nature raay be prescribed to the church by the sovereign, vrithout the assent ahd free concurrence of churchmen? XI. Whether a man ought thus to obey the decrees of the church ; or on account of non-corapUance, supposing there is no alternative, to be cast out of the ministry ? XII. Whether good pastors, of unblemished life and doc trine, may rightfuUy be removed from the ministry on account of their non-compUance with such ceremonies ? Here you have, most esteemed Sir, our difficulties. Here many pious men are hesitating ; for the sake of whom I again ask it as a favour from you, that, having weU considered the matter with master Gualter and the rest of your coUeagues, with your wonted piety, you wUl plainly state your opinion, and send a written answer to each of the above questions. You will confer an exceeding kindness upon many, .and on myself especially ; and you will also confer an exceUent benefit upon our chm-ch. LXIX.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 155 There is also another subject about which I desire to acquaint you. On the decease of our friend Chambers', there were entrusted to rae some writings, which were, it seems, once rauch valued by raaster Hooper. Among others I found a ' bopious manuscript comraentary of master Theodore Bibli ander", upon Genesis and Exodus. Since this book, as far as ¦I am aware, was never printed, I am unwiUing that the church of Christ should be any longer deprived of so great a benefit. If yom- worship will inform the heirs of master Bibliander that this writing is in my possession, and they are wUling to publish it, let me know to whom I shall transfer it, or by what means it may be sent over to you with safety, and you wUl find me most ready to execute your wishes. These are the subjects on which I shaU be daUy expecting an answer" ; and as to the questions especially, I humbly ask you, on behalf of raany persons, to declare to us both your own opinion, and that of your brethren. May God Alraighty verj^ long preserve you to his church in life and health ! London, Feb. 16,1566. Your worship's most devoted, THOMAS SAMPSON. LETTER LXX. BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Salisbury, March 10, 1566. Much health in Christ. Although I have written to you, my reverend father, at great length within these few days, yet having met with sorae things in which I have great need .of -your judgment, I thought it would not be out of place P See p. 148.] P The proper name of this divine was Theodore Buchmann, which he translated into Greek, according to the usual practice of scholars in that age. He succeeded Zuingle as Professor of Theology at Zurich, where he died of the plague in 1564.] P For BulUnger's answer to this letter, see the Appendix. It is in Sti-ype, Annals, i. ii. 506, and Burnet, Hist. Ref. iv. 577-] 156 BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. for me to write again. The things are of such a nature, that I doubt not, but that from your multifarious learning you will easily be able to afford me the information I re quire. I wish to know, whether those Christians who are at the present tim6 scattered throughout Greece, Asia, Syria, Arraenia, &c. use private raasses, such as are evei-y where customary among the papists ; and what kind of masses, pri vate or pubUc, are now in use among the Greeks at Venice ? Again, a certain Camocensis' is sometimes quoted, as having written with asperity against the lives and insolence of the popes. Who was this Camocensis, of what order, and in what time and country did he live? Lastly, what is your opinion respecting that German coun cil", which is said to have been formerly held under Charle magne, against the second Nicene council concerning images ? For there are some persons who confidently deny such council ever to have existed. I ask it of your kindness not to think me impertinent in making these inquiries of you, especiaUy at so great a distance ; for you are almost the only remaining oracle of the churches. If you wiU write me an answer by the next fair, it wiU be sufficient. Again and again farewell, my revered father, and rauch esteemed master in Christ. Salisbury, March 10, 1566. Yours in Christ, JOHN JEWEL, Anglus. P There is here a mistake in the name. "Jewel was gravely charged by Harding with naming Johannes Camotensis for Johannes Camotensis," whom Mr Le Bas has shewn to be the celebrated John of Salisbury, who towards the close of his life was promoted to the see of Chartres, and was therefore sometimes entitled Johannes Camo tensis. Le Bas, Life of Jewel, p. 159. He flourished in the last half of the twelfth century.] [^ This councU was convoked at Frankfort by Charlemagne, a.d. 794 ; and condemned, unanimously and strongly, the service and adora tion of images. Le Bas, ut sup. p. 160. This too was in spite of a letter of pope Adrian in vindication of image-woi-ship, and directed to Charlemagne himself. There were 300 bishops of France, Italy and Germany. The pope's legates were present, and it is considered in France as a general counoU. Du Pin, BibUothe'que, Tom. vi. p. 156. Paris. 1693.] LXXI.] LAURENCE HUMPHREY AND THOMAS SAMPSON, &C. 157 LETTER LXXL LAURENCE HUJIPHREY AND THOMAS SAMPSON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated July, 1566. ^ As your dUigence, most illustrious Sir, is proved to us by your writing, so also your incredible love towards us, and especial affection for our church, and most ardent desire for peace, are all evident from your very courteous letter'. We sent your reverence some questions, upon which the force, and as it were the hinge, of the whole controversy seemed to tum. To these your reverence has accurately repUed ; but, if we may be pei-mitted to say so, not entirely to our satisfaction. In the first place, your reverence replies, that such regulations respecting their habits raay be prescribed to rainisters, as that they raay be distinguished both by colour and shape from those of the laity; for that it is merely a civil ordinance, and the apostle required the bishop to be Koafxio^, orderly'- But since this question is brought forward concerning church men, and relates to ecclesiastical polity, we do not see how the pecuUar and clerical habit of ministers can be regarded as a raere civil raatter. We admit, indeed, that a bishop must be Koafxtos, but this we refer with Ambrose to the or naments of the mind, and not the decoration of the person. And as we require in dress both decency, and dignity, and gravity, so we deny that decorum is the object airaed at by the enemies of our religion. In the second place, you answer hypothetically, that if a cap, and a habit not unseeraly and without superstition, be prescribed to the clergy, Judaisra is not on this account [' The letter of Bullinger to which this is an answer, will be found in the Appendix. See note 3, p. 155.] P See 1 Tim. iU. 2, where the word is translated of good behaviour, or, in the marguial version, modest.'] 158 LAURENCE HUMPHREY AND THOMAS SAMPSON [lET. brought back. But how can that habit be thought consistent with the simple rainistry of Christ, which used to set off the theatrical pomp of the popish priesthood? For not only (as om- people wish to persuade your reverence) are the square cap and gown required in public, but the sacred garments are used in divine serrice ; and the surplice, or white dress of the choir, and the cope are re-introduced. Which thiiigs not only do the papists declare in their books to be copies and imitations of Judaism, but your reverence has raore than once taught the sarae frora Innocent. We most wiUingly subscribe to the testimony of our most revered master. Doctor Martyr : but the instances which he produces, tend to de^ cency and order ; these deform the church, disturb order, over turn all that is decent. The former [instances] are agreeable to the light of nature; the latter are unnatural and raonstrous. Those, according to Tertullian's rule, had a shew of necessity and use : these are altogether frivolous, and superfluous, and useless; and neither conducive to edification nor any good end whatever, but mpre truly, to use the language of the same Peter Martyr, they were splendid accompaniments of that worship which aU godly persons now abominate. The papists themselves are boasting that the distinction of ecclesiastical habits now adopted was a popish invention ; the constitutions of Otho speak the same thing; the Roman pontifical shews it, and the eyes and lips of aU prove it to be the case. The use of churches, stipends, baptism, the creed, &c. was esta bUshed by divine command long before the pope was bom. And, whatever we meet with in any heresy, that is of dirine and legitimate authority, we do not deny that, with Augus tine, we both approve and retain it. But because this matter is peculiarly one of error and disagreement, we resolutely argue and contend with it. , As to your adding, that the use of the habits was not abolished at the beginning of the Reformation, your informants have again stated what is by no means the fact. For in the time of the most serene Idng Edward the Sixth, the Lord's supper was celebrated in simplicity in many places without the surplice ; and the cope', which was then abrogated by law, is [} The use of this vestment, however, observes Mr Soames, must have been merely optional after the queen's mjunctions were issued. It ixxi.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 159 now restored by a public ordinance. This is not to. extirpate popery, but to replant it ; not to advance in reUgion, but to recede. ¦ You say that the priestly garment is a raatter of ciril concern, and deny that it savours of monachisra, popery, or Judaism. What the papists babble about the surpUce, of how great iraportance the clerical dress is esteemed among them, and to what religion it is dedicated, we donbt not but that your prudence is well acquainted -with from their books. In the next place, this ambitious and Pharisaical prescribing of a peculiar dress savours of monkery and popery, and those ofthe present age ascribe no less virtue to it than the monks of old did to their cowls. Nor in truth has this opinion of hoUness and merit burst forth all at once, but has crept on insensibly by little and little. We are therefore hesitating, not without reason, and are endeavouring to check at the out set, what we fear wiU come to pass in this country. We do not agree with Eustathius", who placed religion in dress; so far from it, that we are at issue vrith those who super stitiously require peculiar ahd religious habits as badges of their priesthood. The like also may be said of the canon of the council of Gangra" and Laodicea", and of the sixth synod; and to depart from that liberty in which we have hither to stood, we consider to be giving a kind of sanction to sla very. But neither in this are we too scrupulous; we make no vexatious opposition; we always avoid any bitterness of contention; we are ready to enter into an amicable confer ence ; we do not voluntarily leave [our churches] to the wolves ; but constrained and driven from our places, we depart with unwiUingness and regret. We leave our brethren and the bishops to stand or faU to then- own master; and we look most submissively, but in vain, for the like forbearance towards is a pity, therefore, he adds, that the excellent writers mentioned.it, as they were thus plainly denying a Uberty to others which they insisted upon for themselves. Soames' Elizabethan Religious History, p. 31.] P Eustathius was a Greek monk of the fourth century, whose errors were condemned at the councU of Gangra. See next note.J [' Held about a.d. 365 or 370. The canon here referred io is the twelfth, "against those who fancy them selves to be more holy than others, because they wear a singular habit, and who condemn those that wear decent apparel." Du Pin, BibUothe'que, Tom. ii. p. 340. Paris. 1693.] [* Held A.D. 363.] 160 LAURENCE HUMPHREY AND THOMAS SAMPSON [leT. ourselves. In the rites nothing is discretionary ; not that the queen's majesty has been excited to this by us, but she has been influenced by the persuasion of others; so that at length that is estabUshed, not which is for the interest of the church, but raerely what is not unlawful ; and what is not altogether impious, is accounted wholesome, and salutary, and holy, and is confirmed by law. As ceremonies and sacerdotal habits are signs of religion and marks of profession, they are not of a civil character ; and being borrowed from our adversaries, as all aUow them to be, they cannot be convenient ; and being marked with the dirine anathema, and detested by all godly persons, and had in honour by the wicked and the weak, who think that without them we can neither be ministers, nor that the sacraments can be rightly adrainistered, they neither can nor ought to be reckoned araong things indifferent. The ancient fathers had their habits ; but they were neither peculiar to bishops, nor distin guished from those of the laity. The instances of St John' and Cyprian^ are peculiar. Sisinius was a heretic, and is neither to be held out for our commendation nor example. The pallium was a dress common to aU Chi-istians', as TertuUian relates in his book*, and as your reverence has elsewhere re marked. Chrysostom makes mention of a white garment, but only incidentally ; he neither commends it nor finds fault with it, and it is not yet ascertained whether it was pecuUar to the priests or to the Greeks in general ; linen or woollen ; white or merely clean in appearance. In the address to the people of Antioch it is certainly opposed both by him and Jerome to a sordid [garment,] and in Blondus there is mention of a palUum P Bullinger had quoted a passage from Eusebius, Hist. v. 24, speaking of St Jolin as to ireTaXov ire^oprjKia^, wearing a plate [of gold]. Epiphanius relates the same of James, the brother of our Lord. Hser. LXXVIII.] ^ Pontius, the deacon, as quoted in BuUinger's letter, says of him, that at his martyrdom, exuit se lacernam Urrum, — dehinc tunicam tulit, et stans in lined expectabat spiculatwem.'] P This was the opinion of Scaliger; Salmasius, on the contrary, maintained that it was peculiar to the priests.] P De pallio, written about a.d. 209. It is a kind of satirical defence of Tertullian's having laid aside the Roman toga or gown, and assumed the pallium or cloakr\ LXXI.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 161 [cloak] of wooUen; so that in a raatter of so much doubt nothing can be determined. That the prescribing habits [to the clergy] is inconsistent with christian liberty, we have the testimony of Bucer, who was of opinion that the distinction of dress should be entirely done away with, as well on account of the present abuse of it in the English churches, as for a more decided declaration of our abhorrence of antichrist, a raore full assertion of our chris tian liberty, and the reraoval of dissensions araongst brethren. These words he made use of in his letter to master a Lasco, who was altogether on our side. Whence it is evident, that great offence is occasioned, and edification irapeded by it. We must indeed subrait to the tirae, but only for a time ; so that we may always be making progress, and never re treating. Far be it from us either to sow schisms in the church by a vexatious contest, or by a hostUe opposition to our brethren to do an injury to ourselves °: far be it from us, most exceUent BulUnger, to charge. with impiety things which are in their nature indifferent : far be it from us either to make our own feeUngs the pretence of abuse, or under the name of conscience to conceal a fondness for dispute. These dregs and this leaven of popery are, believe us, the source of the whole controversy: we desire it to be taken away and buried in eternal oblivion, that no traces of antichristian superstition may remain. The assumption of preeminence and pride has always displeased ua in the papacy ; and can tyranny please us in a free church ? A free synod among Christians hath heretofore untied the knots of controversy : why should every thing be now referred to the pleasure of one or two individuals ? Where the Uberty of voting and speaking prevails, the truth is vigorous and flourishing. You wUl understand then, reverend father, in a few words, that these things are our principal object, — the authority of the scriptures, — the simpUcity of the ministry of Christ, — the purity of the earliest and best churches, which, for the sake of brevity, we refrain from mentioning. But on the other side it has not hitherto been our lot either to hear or p The original is, Camarinam moveamus, a proverbial expression, derived, according to Suidas, from a lake of that name in Sicily, which being drained contrary to the adrice of the oracle occasioned a pesti lence.] 11 162 LAURENCE HUMPHREY AND THOMAS SAMPSON [lET. read of any law or general decree, either of Almighty God, or of any reformed church, or general councU, (which is the rule of Augustine). We have discovered moreover, that the pre cedents hitherto adduced are particular ones, and do not confirm the general case. Besides, we are of opinion, not that whatever may be in cmy way lawful, should be obtmded, but what in every way tends to the edification of the church should be introduced ; and that what may be la-wful to some, is not forthwith lawful to aU. We have, (praised be God!) a doctrine pure and incormpt: why should we go halting in regard to divine worship, which is not the least important part of religion ? Why should we re ceive Clirist rather raaimed, than entire, and pure, and perfect ? Why should we look for precedents from our enemies, the papists, and not frora you, our brethren of the reformation ! We have the same confession in our churches, the same rule of doctrine and faith ; why should there be so great a dissimi larity and discrepancy in rites and cereraonies? The thing signified is the same; why do the signs so differ as to be unUke yours, and to reserable those of the papists? We have the sarae captain and leader, Christ ; why are the ban ners of the eneray set up in our churches ? which, if we were men of God, if we were endued with any zeal, we should long since have abominated and destroyed. We liave always thought well ofthe bishops ; we have put a candid interpreta tion upon their display of grandeur: why caimot they endure us who formerly bore the same cross with thera, and who now preach the sarae Christ, and bear that raost deUghtful yoke together with themselves ? Why do they cast us into prison ? Why do they persecute us on accoimt of the habits ? ^Vhy do they spoil us of our property and means of subsistence ? Why do they pubUcly traduce us in their books ? Why do they in their published writings commend a bad cause to pos terity? For they have translated into our language some papers of Bucer and of Peter Martyr, and they have now sent forth to the public your private letters to us without our knpwledge and consent. So that in pleading their own cause, and vindicating their honour, they neither consult the interests of our church, nor their brethren, nor your dignity, nor the succeeding generation. LXXI.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 163 But that your reverence may understand that the con troversy is of no Ught or trifling character, but of great importance, and that we are not merely disputing about a cap or a surplice, we send you some straws and chips of the popish reUgion^, from which with your wonted prudence you may imagine the rest, and with your wonted piety think upon a remedy as soon as possible. And we pray our Lord Jesus Chi-ist to allay these turaults and disorders, to assert his. glory, to send forth labourers into his vineyard, that a joyous^ and abundant harvest may ensue. And we implore you, that by your paternal advice, public writings, and private letters, you wiU exert yom-seff, and be active in effecting either the removal of these erils, or the toleration of those good men who are not yet convinced ; lest the Roman ceremonial should disunite those whom the firm bond of doctrine hath joined together. Give our salutations to Gualter, Simler, Lavater, Wolfius, our esteemed masters, with whom if you will confer, you wiU: exceedingly gratify both ourselves and the church at large. May the Lord Jesus Christ bless his tabernacle and your Zm-ich! — July, 1566. We have written briefly and in haste, and not so much by way of reply, as of admonishing you that there is no end to what raight be said upon this subject. Do you then not decide upon what may or can be done, but upon what ought to be done^. Your reverence's raost devoted, LAURENCE HUMPHREY, THOMAS SAMPSON. Some blemishes which stiU attach to the church of Eng land: 1. In the public prayers, although there is nothing im- pm-e, there is however a kind of popish superstition, which P See at the end of this letter.] P For BuUinger's reply to this letter in conjunction -mth Gualter, declining to enter further into the dispute, see Burnet, Hist. Reform, iv. 683. It wUl also be found in the Appendix to this volume.] 11—2 164 LAURENCE HUMPHREY AND THOMAS SAMPSON [leT. may not only be seen in the morning and evening service, but also in the Lord's supper. .2. In addition to the exquisite singing in parts, the use of organs is becoming more general in the churches. 3.. In the administration of baptism the minister ad dresses the infant ; in whose name the sponsors, in the absence of the parent, raake answer concerning faith, and renouncing the world, the flesh, and the deril. The person baptized is signed with the [sign of the] cross. 4. Licence is also given to women to baptize in private houses. 5. The sacred habits, namely the cope and surpUce, are used at the Lord's supper ; kneeling is enjoined to those who coraraunicate, and an unleavened cake is substituted for com mon bread. 6. The popish habits are ordered to be worn out of church, and by ministers in general ; and the bishops wear their linen garment, which they call a rochet; whUe both parties wear the square cap, tippets, and long gowns, borrowed from the papists. 7. But what shaU we say respecting discipline, the sinews of religion ? There is none at all, neither has our church its rod, or any exercise of superintendence. 8. The marriage of the clergy is not aUowed and sanc tioned by the public laws of the kingdom, but theu: children are by some persons regarded as iUegitimate. 9. Soleran betrothing takes place after the popish method and rites, by the [giving of a] ring. 10. Women continue to wear a veil when they come to be churched. 11. In the ecclesiastical regimen there are retained many traces of the church of antichrist. For as formerly at Rome ¦every thing might be had for money in the court of the pope, so almost all things are saleable in the com-t of the metro poUtan' ; pluralities of benefices, licences of non-residence, for not entering into orders, for eating meat on days forbidden, and in Lent, at which tirae also it is forbidden to celebrate marriages without a dispensation and a fee. P For a list of dispensations and their prices, see Strype's Life of Grindal, p. 642.] LXXI.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 165 12. The free Uberty of preaching is taken away from the ministers of Christ: those who are now wiUing to preach are forbidden to recommend any innovation with regard to rites ; but aU are obUged to give their assent to ceremonies by sub scribing their hands. IS. Lastly, the article composed in the tirae of Edward the Sixth respecting the spnitual eating, which expressly oppugned and took away the real presence in the Eucharist^, and contained a most clear explanation of the truth, is now set forth among us mutilated and imperfect. LETTER LXXIL BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, Aug. 21, 15C6. May you be safe in Christ, my excellent BuUinger ! I wrote to you on the 2nd of February, and sent with my letter twenty crowns, or else ten crowns and cloth for a gown ; for I left it to Abel's discretion. I received your letter on the 2.3rd of May. Shortly after the bishop of London sent rae a copy of your reply to the letter of Laurence Humphrey and Thoraas Sampson. It is printed here both in Latin and English. I received likewise, on the 1 2th of July, a most excellent little book. The confession ofthe orthodox faith. In the month of March ^ an Italian, called Signer David P The 28th of the thirty-nine Articles, which contained, in the time of Edward VI. the following paragraph: "Forasmuch as the truth of man's nature requireth, that the body of one and the self-same man cannot be at one time in divers places, but must needs be in one certain place; therefore the body ofChrist cannot be present at one time in many and divers places. And because, as holy scripture doth teach, Christ was taken up into heaven, and there shall continue unto the end of the world, a faithful man ought not either to believe or openly confess the real and bodily presence, as they term it, of Christ's flesh and blood in the sacrament of the Loi-d's supper."] P Viz. on March 9, 1566. The following circumstantial account of Rizzio's murder is given in a letter from the earl of Bedford and Ran- 166 BISHOP PARKHURST [lET. [Rizzio], skilled in necromancy, and in great favour with the queen of Scots, was forcibly dragged out of her chamber in her presence, and died wretchedly pierced by many stabs. A certain abbot was wounded at the same place, and escaped with difiiculty, but died of his wounds shortly after. A monk named Black, a Dominican friar, and a chief man among the papists, was killed in the court at the same time. Seized by black death, this blacker knave Descended to the gloomy grave'- The lords of the councU, who were then assembled in one chamber, to consult about some matters of importance, when they heard of these raassacres, (for they had no previous suspi cion of any thing of the kind,) quickly betook themselves to flight, some one way, some another ; some^ thi-ew themselves dolph to the CouncU of England, dated Berwicke, March 27, 1566. " Upon the Saturdaye, at night, nere unto eight of the clocke, the king conveyeth himself, the Lord Ruthen, George Duglos, and two other, thorowe his o'wn chamber, by the privie stairs up to the queue's chamber, joyning to wliich there is a cabinet about twelve footes square, in the same a little lowe reposing bedde, and a table, at the which there were sitting at the supper the quene, the ladie ArgUe, and David, with his cappe upon his lieade. Into the cabinet ther cometh in the king and lord Ruthen, who wiUed David to come forthe, saying that ther was no place for him. The quene sayde that it was her wyll. Her husbande answerde that it was agaynste her honor. The lorde Ruthen saide that he sholde learne better his duetie, and offering to have taken hym by the arme, David tooke the quene by the bUghtes of her gowne, and put him selfe behinde the quene, who wolde gladly have saved hym, but the king having loosed his hands, and holding her in his armes, David was thi-uste oute of the cabinet thorowe the bed-chamber into the chamber of presence, where were the lord Morton and lord Lindesaye, who intend ing that night to have reserved hiui, and the next day to hang him ; so manie being aboute tliem that bore hym eviU wiU, one thruste hym into the bodie with a dagger, aud after hym a great many other, so that he had in his bodie above sixty wounds. It is tolde for certayne that the king's owne dagger was lefte sticking in hym; whether he struck him or not, we cannot knowe for certajme. He was not slayne in the queue's presence as was saide, but going down the stayres oute of the chamber of presence." Ellis's Origmal Letters. MS. Cott. CaUg. x. 373.] ' Sic niger hic nebulo, nigra quoque morte peremptus, Invitus nigrum subito desoendit in orcum. [^ " In this mean tyme tiiere rose a comber in the courte, to pacifie which there wente downe the lord Ruthen, who wente straighte to the earlcs Huntlye, Bothwell, and AthaU, to quiet them, and to assure them LXXII.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 167 out of the windows at the risk of their Uves, and thus escaped. The queen of Scots has brought forth a prince' ; and whereas heretofore she had no great regard for her husband, I know not for what reason, she is now on the best of terms with him. She has lately received into favour the lord Jaraes", her brother by the father's side, whom she formerly detested ; and not only him, but, as I hear, aU the evangelical leaders. I 'wish it may be true. The gospel, which was luUed to sleep for a time, is again raising its head. While I was writing the above, a certain Scottish refugee, a good and learned man, has informed me, that the queen was brought to bed ten weeks since, but that the child is not yet baptized. On my asking him the reason, he replied, that the queen wiU have her son baptized in the high chureh, and that many masses are to be celebrated. But the people of Edin burgh will not aUow tliis: for they would rather die than suffer the detested mass to insinuate itself again into their churches. They are afraid however of her caUing over auxiliary troops from France, that she may raore easUy overwhelm the gospel lers. Let us entreat God for our pious brethren. She ordered some pious nobleraan to turn Knox, who was residing with him, out of his house. May the Lord either convert or con found her ! 1 ara unable to write more, for I have been iU a long time, and am not yet entirely recovered. My hand is weakened by writing this. FareweU, ray very dear BuUinger. Salute all your friends, and therefore all the godly, in my name. May the Lord with his right hand defend the state of Zurich ! Ludham, Aug. 21, 1566. In haste, yours, JOHN PARKHURST, N[orwich.] from the king, that nothing was intended against them. Theie notwith standing takmg feare when theie heard that my lord of Murraye wolde be there the nexte daye, and ArgUe meete them, Huntlye and BothweU got oute of a wyndow, and so departe." Earl of Bedford to the Council, as above.] P James the First, afterwards king of Great Britain. He was bom June 19, 1566, and queen Elizabeth sent sir Henry KiUigrew to con gratulate the queen of Scots on her safe deUvery.] , p The earl of Murray.] 168 BISHOP GRINDAL [lET. LETTER LXXIIL BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Aug. 27, 1566. Health in Christ, most iUustrious master BuUinger, and my very dear brother in Chi-ist. Master John Abel gave me the letter from you, addressed to the bishops of Winchester and Norwich in comraon with myself, together with what you had written on the controversy about the habits ; copies of all which I iraraediately forwarded to them. As to myseff, I return you my best thanks, both for manifesting so much interest for our churches, and for acquainting me, a man personally unknown to you, with what has been written to om- brethren concerning the matters in dispute. It is scarcely credible how much this controvei-sy about things of no importance has disturbed om- churches, and stiU, in great measm-e, continues to do. Many of the more learned clergy seemed to be on the point of forsaking then- nunistry. Many of the people also had it in contemplation to withdraw from us, and set up private meetings ; but however most of them, tiirough the mercy of the Lord, have now returned to a better mind. Your letter, replete with piety and wisdom, has greatly contributed to this result ; for I have taken cai-e that it should be printed', both in Latin and EngUsh. Some of the clergy, influenced by your judgment and authority, have relinquished their former intention of deserting their ministry. And raany also of the laity have begun to entertain mUder sentiments, now that they have understood that our ceremonies were by no means considered by you as unlawful, though you do not yourselves adopt them ; but of this, before the publi cation of your letter, no one could have persuaded them. There are nevertheless sorae, among whom are masters Hum phrey and Sampson, and others, who still continue in their forraer opinion. Nothing would be easier than to reconcile P BuUinger's letter here referred to will be found in the Appendix.] LXXIII. j TO HENRY BULLINGER, 169 them to the queen, if they would but be brought to change their mind ; but untU they do this, we are unable to effect any thing with her raajesty, irritated as she is by this controversy. We, who are now bishops, on our first return, and before we entered on our ministry, contended^ long and earnestly for the removal of those things that have occasioned the present dis pute ; but as we were unable to prevaU, either with the queen or the parliaraent, we judged it best, after a consultation on the subject, not to desert our churches for the sake of a few ceremonies, and those not unlawful in themselves, especially since the pure doctrine of the gospel remained in all its integrity and freedom ; in which, even to this day, (notwith standing the attempts of many to the contrary,) we most fully agree with your churches, and with the confession' you have lately set forth. And we do not regret our resolution ; for in the raean time, the Lord giving the increase, our churches are enlarged and established, which under other circumstances would have becorae a prey to the Ecebolians*, Lutherans, and semi-papists. But these unseasonable contentions about things which, as far as I am able to judge, are matters of indifference, are so far from edifying, that they disunite the churches, and sow discord among the brethren. But enough of our affairs. Things in Scotland are not so weU established as we could wish. The churches indeed still retain the pure confession of the gospel ; but the queen of Scotland seems to be doing aU in her power to extirpate it. She has lately given orders that six or seven popish masses should be celebrated daily in her court, where all are admitted who choose to attend ; whereas she was tiU now content with only one mass, and that a private one, no Scotsman being allowed to be present. Moreover, when the reformation first began, it was provided, that out of the estates of the monas teries, which were made over to the exchequer, salaries should P See note 5, p. 149.] P The Helvetic Confession, enlarged and improved in 1566. L extorted an unwilling eulogy from Bossuet. It has lately been re printed by the Rev. Peter Hall, in his new edition of the Harmonj of Protestant Confessions of Faith.] P Ecebolus was a sophist of Constantinople in the fourth century, and teacher of rhetoric to the emperor Julian, whose apostacy he fol lowed, but after his death sought to be reconcUed to the church.] 170 BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. be paid to the ministers of the gospel ; whereas she has not made any payment whatever these three years. She has lately banished John Knox from her royal city of Edinburgh, where he has hitherto been chief minister, nor can she be induced to aUow him to return. However, no public changes have as yet been made, except at court ; and the leading men of the king dom, the nobility and citizens, have, by a great majority, made a profession of the gospel, and manifested nuraerous and con vincing proofs of their firmness. One of the most powerful is the lord Jaraes Stuart, earl of Murray, the queen's natural brother, a pious man, and of great influence with his party. They write me word frora Scotland that the king and queen are on the worst of terras^ The reason is this; there was a certain ItaUan of the name of Darid [Rizzio], recomraended to the queen by the cardinal of Lorraine. This raan became her secretary and privy councillor, and had alraost the entire administration of the govemraent withont any deference to the king, who is a young man of very trifling character. He was greatly offended at this, and having entered into a conspu-acy vrith some of the nobUity and persons about the com-t, he caused this Italian to be di-agged out of the queen's presence, in vain imploring her protection; and, without assigning any reason, to be pierced with many daggers and murdered. The queen, although she has lately borne the king a son, cannot dismiss from her mind the memory of this atrocious act. I have written these tidings frora Scotland at greater length, as you probably hear but seldom fi-om those parts. I entreat you to salute in my name master Gualter, and your other colleagues. May the Lord very long preserve you to us and to his chm-ch ! London, Aug. 27, 1566. Your most devoted in the Lord, EDMUND GRINDAL, bishop of London. P See the last letter.] LXXIV.] RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 171 LETTER LXXIV. RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Antwerp, Dec. 20, 1566. May the Lord Jesus comfort you in every thing, and support you in your declining years, and above all never fail you in your old age ! I have so long abstained from viriting to you, most learned Sir, chiefly on account of my harsh and barbarous and unsuit able Latinity, that I am almost ashamed and grieved to reply to your raost gratifying letter to me, ^vritten from Zurich on the 28th of last August. Together with it I received from my vei-y dear brother, master Abel, the united confession^ of the Helvetian churches, written in Gerraan. You desire by your book to renew our ancient friendship, as indeed you wUl do, and I thank you very much for it. The Latin edition I already had in ray possession at London, by means of the same master Abel ; and this, if I remember right, on its being received from you at the last Lent fair at Frankfort. The book itself pleases me greatly, as it ought to do ; for it every where prescribes godly and sincere doctrine. Master Abel also informed me that your three married daughters had died of the plague'. I doubt not but that they died in the Lord, and are therefore blessed, not only because they rest from their labours, but also because they without doubt enjoy everlasting life with Christ our Saviour; as does also their exceUent mother, your pious wife*. Since you are now, by dirine proridence, left a widower, and no longer a P See note 3, p. 169.] P Three of BulUnger's daughters were married to clergymen of Zurich; namely, to Hulric ZuingUus, (son of the reformer of that name,) Lewis Lavater, and Josiah Simler. They all died of the plague, the second in 1564, the two others in 1666. Bayle, Diet. Hist. See note 2, p. 30.] [¦* BulUnger's 'wife also died ofthe plague in 1664.] 1/2 RICHARD HILLES [lET. young man', I doubt not but that you will follow the counsel of the apostle St Paul, where he says, '¦^ For I would that all men were even as I myself. But every man hath his pro per gift of God, one after this manner, and another after tliat. I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, it is good for them ifthey abide even as /." And again, '-'-Ari thou bound unto a wife ? seek not to he loosed. Art thou loosed from a wife ? seek not a wife^ God be praised that you have finished the hundred and ninety homilies on the prophet Isaiah ! When they are printed, I wiU, God wiUing, if I live, procure a copy ; for I doubt not but that their publication will be attended with much ad vantage. I am sorry that you feel your strength is graduaUy faUing; yet I hope for certain that our good and gracious God wiU not desert you in your old age, and I -wUl pray to him on your behalf, as you desire me to do. God grant that he may hear my prayer, who hath said, " Wliatsoever ye shall ask of the Father in my name, he shall give it you." I will salute my wife in your name. I know she wiU re joice greatly, as soon as she hears of your good wishes; for she has a great regard for you. It will give her much plea sure when she hears from me that you are stiU, as you say, by the blessing of God, in tolerable health. She is every now and then greatly afflicted with the stone ; sometimes in deed almost to death. Entreat, I pray you, the Lord in her behalf. I fear this disease will at length prove fatal. Since master Abel has had a large stone extracted, he has not been so well as before, and I am greatly afraid that he wUl not long remain with us. He is a pious man, a faithful friend, and an Israelite indeed. He has, as you have doubt less heard, or know to be the case, a pious and exceUent wife. She is in good health, but has been lame in her feet ever since she left Strasburgh; as indeed she was for two years at that place before she left it. " Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son wliom he re ceiveth." And, ''Many are the afflictions of tlie righteous, hitt the Lord delivereth him out of them all." I am anxious to explain to my wife some portion of the confession of the Helvetic churches. She occasionaUy reads P Bullinger was at this time sixty years old.] LXXIV.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 173 in the book, and sometimes makes it the subject of her medi tation, as she is tolerably conversant with your language. I have at home the other two letters which you sent rae soon after the death of queen Mary, but I have quite for gotten the day and year when they were dated from Zurich. I 'thank you very much for them, as they abound in pious exhortation and raost exceUent comfort. May our Lord Jesus Christ repay you in turn abundant consolation in that day when your body shall be separated from your soul, and also when it shall again be united and restored ! My strength has been so declining for nearly the last three years, and my raind so weak, that I often wonder that I have lived so long. May the will of the Lord evermore be done ! But I desire to. be dissolved and be with Christ. In the mean time, while I reraain here, I am often so tormented by innuraerable cares and vain anxieties, (those namely arising from my caUing as a merchant,) that I would far rather, if the Lord had so willed, be destitute of the trifiing pleasures and empty joys of this world, so mingled, or rather altogether im bued, as they are with anxieties and disturbances of mind, than be in the enjoyment of such things. But the wiU of the Lord be done ! I have been here at Antwerp for nearly fourteen weeks, during which interval I have made our common friend, Chris topher Mont^, from time to time acquainted by letter with the state of affairs in Brabant, and especiaUy at Antwerp, as far as relates to the change of religion and the tolera tion of evangeUcal preaching. And I doubt not but that you have received abundant intelligence respecting these matters, either from the Strasburgh rainisters or the letters of other of our brethren ; wherefore I do not think it necessary to repeat them. Those who are in the habit of receiving letters from Spain, Italy, France and England, are now every where affirming that king PhUip 'wiU come over in the course of the next spring on a visit to Brabant and the whole of lower Germany, P Dr Christopher Mount or Mundt, was an agent of queen Elizabeth, and resided chiefly at Frankfort or Augsburg. Many of his letters are stUl extant among the state-papers. He had been employed also in a diplomatic capacity both by Henry VIII. and Edward VL] 174 RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. [^, LET. either for the purpose of holding the general assembly of the nation, (by the authority of which aU matters in dispute re specting religion may be reformed or altered,) or else to restore and establish the popish superstition, idolatry, and cruelty. But may God, in whose hand are the hearts of aU princes, take away from this king and the rulers of this country their hearts of stone, and give them hearts of flesh, that being tmly frora the heart converted to Christ, they raay be greatly grieved for their past sins and ¦wickedness, and repent them of them; that they may obtain forgiveness and mercy from the Lord, and henceforth vrith all then- might promote his glory ! It is to be lamented, that certain Lutherans, as you write, though they offer peace, yet do not desist from their annoy ance of you. But here the Martinists, (as the Lutherans in general choose to be caUed, rather than Lutherans,) cease not openly to censm-e and reprove their orthodox feUow-ministers, (whom also they denorainate Calrinists,) in their pubUc dis courses, and with the utmost boldness. The Martinists, how ever, have fewer churches than the orthodox; for they have only two, (one of which they asserable in a large bam,) whUe those whom they caU Calvinists have three or four. Hitherto however both parties, except the minister who preaches in the barn above-mentioned, have preached in the open air, and not under cover: but now within these two months they have begun to erect churches, and proceed with great expe dition in buUding them. As yet however the walls only (which are of brick and stone) shew themselves, and the buUdmgs stiU remain uncovered. FareweU in Christ Jesus, most reverend Sir, and may he evermore preserve you ! Amen. Antwerp, Dec. 20, 1566. Yours, RICHARD HILLES. LXXV.] BISHOPS GRINDAL AND HORN, &C. l75 LETTER LXXV. BISHOPS GRINDAL AND HORN TO HENRY BULLINGER AND RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at London, Feb. 6, 1567. Your eradite letter to Humphrey and Sampson, so weU adapted for allaying both our diversities of opinion respect ing the habits, and our verbal altercations and disputes, we have received with the greatest satisfaction. We have also undertaken, not however 'without due consideration, and with the omission of the names of our bretiiren, to have it printed and published, from which step we have derived the good effect we expected. For it has been of much use to sound and sensible men, who look to the general design and object of the gospel ; and has certainly persuaded some of the clergy, who were thinking of withdi-awing from the ministry on ac count of the affair of the habits, (which was the only occasion of controversy and cause of contention among us,) not to suffer the churches to be deprived of their services on so slight a ground ; and it has established and brought them over to your opinion. The laity too, who were excited by the importunate clamour of certain persons, and dirided into various parties, and loud in their abuse of godly ministers, yom- letter has quieted, as it were, by a semblance of agreeraent with them, and soothed by its moderation. As to the morose, and those who cannot endure any thing but what they have themselves determined upon, although your letter has not satisfied them, it has been so far of use, that they are either less disposed or less able to load the godly with their invectives ; and they do not de form with so much effrontery the wholesome peace of the church by their foolish discourses. We confess and lament that some of these have been dismissed from their office, although it is occasioned by their own fault, not to use a harsher term. But we think that we can bear this more easily, inasmuch as they are not many, but few, in number ; and though pious, yet certainly 176 BISHOPS GRINDAL AND HORN [lET. not very leamed. For among those who have been deprived, Sampson alone can be regarded as a man whose learning is equal to his piety. Humphrey however, and all the more learned, still remain in their places. If your letter had been printed and published with a view to vindicate those who de prived them; or if those who have been deprived had been removed on account of any other points of controversy among us, and not solely on account of the habits ; or if, lastly, that letter which handles the vestiarian controversy alone in such exquisite and perspicuous language, that it cannot be perverted to any thing else, had been dragged forwards in support of your approbation of other points upon which we are ignorant, and which, by the blessing of God, are not yet agitated among us, (for no differences of opinion except in this affair of the habits have hitherto arisen among our brethren,) it would in trath have been a manifest injustice to you whom we love, and rever ence, and honour in the Lord ; just as a raanifest calumny is brought against us by those who are the authors of a most groundless report, whereby it has been stated that it is required of the ministers of the church either to subscribe to some new articles, or to be deprived of their office. The sura of our controversy is this. We hold that the ministers of the church of England raay adopt without impiety the distinction of habits now prescribed by public authority, both in the administration of divine worship, and for common use ; especiaUy when it is proposed to them as a matter of indifference, and when the use of the habits is enjoined only for the sake of order and due obedience to the laws. And all feel ing of superstitious worship, and of the necessity [of these habits] as far as making it a matter of conscience, may be reraoved, rejected and utterly conderaned, both by the terms of the laws themselves, and the diligent preaching of purer doctrine. They contend on the other hand, that these habits are not on any account now to be reckoned among things indifferent, but that they are impious, papistical, and idolatrous ; and therefore that all pious persons ought rather with one consent to retire frora the ministry, than to serve the church with these rags of popery, as they caU them ; even though we have the most entire liberty of preaching the most pure doctrine, and likewise of exposing, laying open, and condemning, by means of sound LXXV.] TO HENRY BULLINGER AND RODOLPH GUALTER. l77 instraction, errors and abuses of every kind, whether as to ceremonies, or doctrine, or the sacraments, or moral duties. We cannot accept this crude advice of theirs, as neither ought we to be passive under the violent appeals by which they are unceasingly in the pulpit disturbing the peace of the church, and bringing the whole of our religion into danger. For by their outcries of this kind, we have, alas ! too severely experi enced that the raind of the queen, otherwise inclined to favour religion, has been rauch irritated ; and we know for a certain fact, that the rainds of some of the nobiUty, to say nothing of others, diseased, weak, and vaciUating, have been wounded, de- biUtated, and alienated by them. And who will venture to doubt, but that the papists wiU lay hold of this opportunity to send forth and vomit their most pestilent poison against the gospel of Jesus Christ and aU who profess it, encouraged by the hope that an opportunity is now afforded them of recovering the Helen that has been stolen from them ? But if we were to acquiesce in the inconsiderate advice of our brethren, and all unite our strength illegaUy to attack the habits by law es tabUshed, to destroy and abolish thera altogether, or else all lay down our offices at once ; verily we should have a papistical, or at least a Lutherano-papistical ministry, or none at all. But, honoured brethren in Christ, we caU Al mighty God to witness, that this dissension has not been occasioned by any fault of ours, nor is it owing to us that vest ments of this kind have not been altogether done away with: so far from it, that we raost solemnly make oath that we^ have hitherto laboured with all earnestness, fidelity, and diligence, to effect what our brethren require, and what we ourselves wish. But now we are brought into such straits, what is to be done, (we leave you to conjecture, who are prudent, and sagacious in foreseeing the impending dangers of the churches,) but that since we cannot do what we would, we should do in the Lord what we can? We have hitherto then explained the matter in dispute, and which occasions so much disagreement among us, accord ing to the real state of the case. Hear now what we have yet further to communicate. That report^ if indeed it may be P See note 6, p. 149.] P BulUnger's letter containing the report here referred to is given by 12 178 BISHOPS GRINDAL AND HORN [lET. called such, (for we know and commend your prudence and moderation,) respecting the acceptance, subscription, and ap probation of these new articles which you enumerate, is altogether a falsehood. Nor are those parties more to be depended upon, who either in their written letters, or verbally' in your presence, have under this pretext endeavoured to blind your eyes, and to brand us with a calumnious accusation. For almost aU these articles are falsely iraputed to us ; very few indeed are acknowledged by us ; and not one of them is obtmded upon the brethren for their subscription. We do not assert that the chanting in churches, together 'with the organ, is to be retained ; but we disapprove of it, as we ought to do. The church of England, too, has entirely given up the use of [prayers in] a foreign tongue, breathings, ex orcisms^, oil, spittle, clay, Ughted tapers, and other things of that kind, which, by the act of parUament, are never to be restored. We entirely agree that woraen neither can nor ought to baptize infants, upon any account whatever. In the re ceiring of the Lord's supper, the laws requii-e, custom sanc tions, and our Anglo-Louvaine calumniators in their reckless writings bear us witness, that we break the bread in com mon to every communicant, not putting it into his mouth, but placing it in the hand': they testify also to our expla- Burnet, Hist. Ref. rv. 684. It wUl be found in the Appendix. See also Soames, Elizabethan ReUgious History, p. 67.] P Perceval 'Wibum seems to be especially referred to. See below. Letter lxxviii.] [^ " In the first book of Edward VI. the priest, looking upon the chUdren, was required to say, 'I command thee, unclean spirit, in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, that thou come out, and depart from these infants, &c.* which form, says Mr L'Estrange, was agreeable to the usage of the first church, who appUed it not only to the energumeni, or persons possessed by e'vU spirits, but also to infants, whom they accounted under the dominion of Satan, until he was by such increpation expeUed. Si Diaboius non dominatur infantibus, quid respondebunt Pelagiani quod illi exorcisantur ? saith Au gustine. Of this custom there is very frequent mention in Cyprian, TertulUan, and other ancients." Hamon L'Estrange, AUiance of Divine Offices, p. 243.] P So was the celebration observed by Christ himself, and so the primitive custom. One, mentioned in Eusebius, is said veijoa eis viro- ioxii" -rih a'7''«5 -rpotpn^ irpoTeivetv, to stretch out his hands for the receiving of the sacred food. In tract of time some indiscreet persons. LXXV.] TO HENRY BULLINGER AND RODOLPH GUALTER. l79 nation of the manner of the spiritual feeding and presence of the body of Christ in the holy supper. The wives of the clergy are not separated frora their husbands; they live to gether, and their marriage is esteemed honourable by all (the papists always excepted). Lastly, that railing accusation of theirs is equaUy false, that the whole management of church govemraent is in the hands of the bishops ; although we do not deny but that a precedence is allowed them. For eccle siastical matters of this sort are usuaUy deliberated upon in the convocation, which is caUed together by royal edict, at the same time as the parliament, as they caU it, of the whole Mngdom is held. The bishops are present, and also certain of the raore learned of the clergy of the whole province, whos6 number is three times as great as that of the bishops. These deUberate by themselves upon ecclesiastical affairs apart from the bishops, and nothing is deterrained or decided in convo cation without the common consent and approbation of both parties, or at least of a majority. So far are we from not aUovring the clergy to give their opinion in ecclesiastical mat ters of this kind. We receive, it is true, or rather tolerate, until the Lord shaU give us better times, the interrogations- to infants, and the sign of the cross in baptism, and kneel ing at the Lord's supper; also the royal court of faeultieSy or, as they call it, of the metropolitan. We publicly pro fess, and dUigently teach, that questions of this kind are not very suitable to be proposed to infants, notwithstandmg they seera to be borrowed from Augustine*. We do not defend the signing 'with the sign of thei pretending greater reverence to the mysteries, as if they were defiled with their hands, were at the cost to provide certain saucers, or little plates of gold, to receive it, untU they were forbidden by the sixth coun cU in TruUo, (held at Constantinople under Justinian II. a.d. 692) the lOlst canon of which enjoins, "that those that wUl receive the eucharist must hold their hands across and so receive it; and forbids using vessels of gold, or of any other matter, to receive it in." Another abuse the church of Rome brought in, where the priest puts it into the people's mouth, lest a crumb should faU beside ; whioh, favouring transubstan tlation, is by our church discontinued. See L'Estrange, ut sup. p. 218, and Bishop Mant on the Common Prayer, 4to. edition, p. 366.] p For the practice of the amcient church on this subject, see Suicer, V. d.-iroTa,(Ta-ofiai. The passage referred to in Augustine seems to be taken from his tenth sermon, de verbis Apost. where he says, speaking 12—2 180 BISHOPS GRINDAL AND HORN [lET. cross the forehead of the infant already baptized, although the minister declares in set terras that the chUd is signed with the [sign of] the cross, only "in token that hereafter he shaU not be asharaed of the faith of Christ cmcified;" and though it seeras to have been bon-owed from the primitive chm-ch'. We allow of kneeling at the receiving of the Lord's supper, because it is so appointed by law; the same expla nation however, or rather caution, that the very authors of the kneeling, most holy men and constant raartyrs of Jesus Christ, adopted, being raost diligently declared, pubUshed and impressed upon the people. It is in these terms : " = Whereas it is ordained in the book of prayers, that the communicants should receive the holy communion kneeling ; yet we declare, that this ought not so to be understood, as if any adoration is or ought to be done, either unto the sacramental bread and wine, or to any reaP and essential presence of Christ's natural flesh and blood there existing. For the sacramental bread and wine remain still in their very natm-al substances, and therefore may not be adored, for that were horrible idolatry, to be abhorred of aU Christians ; and as to the na tural body and blood of our Saviour Christ, they are in heaven, and not here ; it being against the tmth of the true natural body of Chi-ist, to be at one and the same time in more places than one." The court of faculties*, from whencesoever it has been introduced, is the court of the sovereign, and not of the metropolitan. For that prudent father, learned as he is, and of chUdren, "accommodat iUis mater ecclesia aliorum pedes, ut veniant, aliorum cor ut credant, aliorum linguam ut fatcantur." Serm. clxxvi. Tom. V. col. 1214. Paris. 1837.] P See Suic. Thes. v. (r-ravpo^. n. 1009, and Maut on the Common Prayer, p. 400.] P A protestation, in effect, though not in words, the same as that cited above, was inserted in the liturgy of King Edward, in 1662, but on queen Elizabeth's accession was laid aside, and was again added at the last review [in 1661]. See Wheatly in loc] P The words real and essential presence were thought proper at the last review of the liturgy to be changed for corporal presence. Wheatly.] P Archbishop Parker had much trouble with the court of faculties, and wished it were wholly suppressed, or else committed to some othci's. The rules he made for the better regulation of this court are given by Strype, Life of Parker, ii. 16.] LXXV.] TO HENRY BULLINGER AND RODOLPH GUALTER. 181 exceedingly weU disposed towards the propagation of the most pure religion, is exceedingly anxious, and earnest, and active, in entirely washing away the Romish dregs of every kind. And although we are unable to remove all the abuses of this fiscal court, as also some others, yet we do not cease to find fault with and censure them, and send them back to that heU from whence they proceeded. BeUeve us, reverend brethren, evei-y minister is at liberty to speak against aU matters of this kind, [so as it is done] with modesty and sobriety ; and we by no means deprive of their office those mi nisters who refuse to receive or approve of those articles falsely ascribed to us. Continue therefore to love, to adrise, and to assist us, that the flame which has been stirred up amongst us solely on ac count of this affair of the habits, may be extinguished ; and we wUl endeavour, to the utmost of our power, as we did at the last convocation, even although we could obtain nothing, that aU errors and abuses raay be corrected, amended and puri fied, according to the rule of the word of God. We commend you, brethren, to the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, whom we pray to preserve you in safety, and your churches in peace, as long as possible. Salute your brethren and aU your fellow- ministers at Zurich in our narae. London, Feb. 6, 1567. Your most loving EDM. LONDON. ROBERT WINTON. P.S. And I also entreat you, my much-esteemed brethren, to pardon me that I have not yet replied to your letter written privately to myself ; and that I have not as yet returned you my thanks for your most leamed comraentaries which you sent over to rae. Neither let Wolfius and Lavater blame me for the Uke neglect. I entreat you to salute them most respect fully in ray narae, and to raake my apology to them, for I know that my duty requires this ; and I doubt not but that both you and they were in expectation of a letter from me.- I wiU henceforth endeavour to satisfy you aU by writing, and 182 , BISHOPS GRINDAL AND HORN, &C. [: LET. ¦win not be wanting in my duty. Salute also, I pray you, from me, Simler, ZuingUus, and HaUer. Live aU of you, and fareweU in Christ. WhoUy yours, ROBERT WINTON. LETTER LXXVI. BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Feb. 8, 1567. Health in Christ, most renowned BuUinger, and very dear brother in Christ. I thank you that, in addition to your general letter, you have written separately to myseff. But there is no reason why you should so studiously thank me, for haring so frequently, and vrith so much satisfaction, made honourable mention of you. For I do this on account of your merit, as well knowing how much you have benefited the chm-ch, as you still continue to do, both by your ministry and your 'writings. Besides, I owe this to you as an indiridual, that by the perusal of your Treatise on the " Origin of Error'," about twenty years since, I was first led to entertain a correct opinion respecting the Lord's supper; whereas before that tirae I had adopted the sentiraents of Luther on that subject. It is but just therefore that I should respect him from whom I have received so much benefit. I have thus briefly repUed to your letter, which was most acceptable to me. The churches in Scotland are in a some- P Zancliius, in a letter to BulUnger, mentions with high commenda tion his book De Origine Erroris, and relates an anecdote of Mon- talUnus, a monk, who was burnt at Rome for the cause of the truth,, that the said good man, before Zancldus had seen the tract, persuaded him earnestly to. peruse it; adding, that if it could not be had upon other terms, he might esteem it a good bargain, to pluck out his right eye for the purchase, and read it 'with liis left. I soon bought the book, says. ZahAhius, without losing my eyes, and found it the deUght of my souk ZaticliU Epist. Tom. ii. p. 26. Hanov. 1609.] LXXVI.] BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. 183 what better condition than when I last wrote to you ; but the queen herself reraains unchanged. Her eldest^ son was baptized in December last, after the popish manner, by sorae raitred pseudo-bishop ; but two'' only could be found out of the whole nobiUty of that kingdom, who thought proper to be present at the christening. The rest only accompanied the infant, both in going and returning, as far as the door of the chapel. You are, I suppose, not ignorant of what is going on in Brabant and Flanders. They 'wiU not, I hope, be without the divine assistance, since they appear to be in a great 'measure destitute of aU human aid ; and especiaUy if, as I fear, the Idng of Spain should come with an army to overwhelm them. Greet, I pray you, master Gualter, and your other coUeagues, in my name. May the Lord preserve you ! London, Feb. 8, 1567. Your most devoted in the Lord, EDMUND GRINDAL, Bishop of London. P The ceremony was performed at StirUng on thel7th of December, 1666. Queen Elizabeth, being requested to be godmother, sent the earl of Bedford -with a font of gold for a present. The prince was held up at the font by the Countess of ArgyU, in the name and by the special appointment of the Queen of England. She was afterwards summonefd for this before the general assembly of the reformed church, and pro fessing her SOITOW, was appointed to do penance for what was con sidered an offence to the reUgious profession. After the baptismal rites were performed, the name and titles of the prince were three times proclaimed by the heralds to the, sound of trumpets. He was caUed and designed, Charles James, James Chai-les, prince and steward of Scotland, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrich, Lord of the Isles, and Baron of Renfrew.] P Bedford, the EngUsh ambassador, and aU the Scottish Protestant nobiUty stood outside of the door whUe the ceremony was performed. Bedford fterwards observed to Elizabeth, that of twelve earls present only two had countenanced the rites. See Spottiswood, and MelvUle's Memoirs.] 184 BISHOP JEWEL [let. LETTER LXXVII. BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRV BULLINGER. Dated at Salisbury, Feb. 24, 1567- Much health in Christ. As my last letter, most accom pUshed sir, arrived in London rather too late, so that it could not be forwarded in time for the fan- at Frankfort, it returned to me without the accoraplishment of its object ; and I ara rather afraid of the same thing happening to the one now before rae. For your late long and very leamed letter to me I retum you many thanks, and most gladly acknowledge myseff to be completely satisfied respecting that synod at Frankfort, as a matter of doubt and controversy. Our ecclesiastical affau-s, public and private, are in the same state as heretofore. Our Louvaine friends are making as much noise and distmbance as they can; and they have some auxiharies, who, though not very numerous, are yet much more so than I could wish. And though they are many, and write against every one in general, yet I know not by what fatality they are aU carried out against rae alone ; so that whUe I am replying to them, you must not think me idle. We have assembled within these few raonths the parlia raent' of the whole kingdom, at which, however, owing to ill health, I have been unable to be present. Laws have been enacted concerning religion^, by which the obstinate malice and insolence of the papists ai-e kept within due bounds. The question respecting the succession was likewise brought for ward ; that is, to what family belongs the right of sovereignty, in case any thing, which we should much regret, should happen to Queen EUzabeth. This question occupied the minds of aU P The first day of the sitting of this parUament was Wednesday, Oct. 2.] P The chief of these was a bUl for confirming the consecration of archbishops and bishops. Strype, Annals, i. U. 229.] LXXVII.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 185 parties for a month or two'; for the queen was unwUUng that any discussion should take place upon the subject, while evei-y one else was exceedingly anxious about it ; and the contest was carried on with great earnestness and ability on both sides. What next ? after all nothing could be done ; for the queen*, who is a wise and cautious woraan, suspects, that when her successor is once determined upon, there may hence arise some danger to herself*. For you know the say ing, that there are more worshippers of the rising than of / the setting sun. As to religion, the affair of the habits has at tliis time ( occasioned much disturbance. For it is quite certain that the queen will not be tumed from her opinion ; and some of our brethren are contending about this matter, as if the whole of our religion were contained in this single point ; so that they choose rather to lay down their functions, and leave their churches empty, than to depart one tittle from their own views cf the subject. They will neither be persuaded by the very learned writings either of yourself and Gualter, or by the counsels of other pious men. However, we thank God that he does not suffer us at this time to be disquieted among ourselves by questions of more importance. One alone of our number, the bishop of Gloucester 8, hath openly and boldly P Namely, from Oct. 18 to Nov. 25. For a particular account of this discussion, see Strype, Annals, i. ii. 232, &c.] P The question respecting a successor had been moved in the session • of 1662, when Sir John Mason, in a letter to Sir Thomas Chaloner, thus expressed his opinion of the queen's prudent conduct: "Bothe our howses have byn earnestly in hand with the queene to appointe her successor, but she wyU not byte at that bayte ; wherein in myne opinion she hathe a better judgment than manye have ofthem that be so earnest in the matter." MS. Cotton. Galba. c. i. 07. This, and other letters referred to in several of these notes, may be found in Wright's Queen EUzabeth and her Times, London, 1838.] P Nov. 6th. Rogers and CecU read in writing notes of the queen's sayings before the lords and committees of the commons; importing that her graoe had sigmfied to both houses, by the word of a prince, that she, by- God's grace, would marry, and would have it therefore believed. And touching Umitation for succession, the perils were so great to her person, and whereof she had felt part in her sister's time, that the time would not yet suffer to treat of it. Strype, Annals, i. ii. 235.] P Richard Cheney, consecrated Bishop of Gloucester, Apr. 19, 1562. He had also the bishoprick of Bristol in commendam. A character of 186 BISHOP JEWEL [let. declared in parliament his approval of Luther's opinion re specting the eucharist; but this crop wiU not, I hope, be of long continuance. There is some little disturbance now in Ireland. One John O'Neale', a bastard, has lately been levying troops, and insolently defying our soldiery. But this is a matter of more tediousness than danger; for he conceals himseff a&a off in the bogs and wastes, where our forces caimot easUy overtake him. From Scotland, however, (what shaU 1 teU you, or what wiU you believe ?) horrible and atrocious reports are announced. And though they are of such a nature as that I can hardly beUeve them possible, yet they are written to me from court, and are every where noised about, and beUeved by all. The young king, they say, has -within the last few days^ together vrith an attendant whom he has had from his cradle, been murdered in his house, and carried out of doors, and left in the open air. BeUeve me, my mind shudders to relate such things, whether they are true or not ; yet if they should be true, I vriU hereafter give you entire information as to the motives, or to what treachery he has fallen a rictim, as soon as I shall have become acquainted with all the circumstances him is given by Strype, Annals, i. i. 418, who confirms the statement in the text, by saying, " We may conclude him not a papist, but a Lutheran rather, in his opinion of the eucharist." Annals, i. U. 286.] P Shane, or John, O'Neale, the son of Con O'Neale, who had been created Earl of Tyrone, usurped the sovereignty of his clan in opposition ¦ to the wiU of his father, who had appointed his iUegitimate son Matthew for his successor. Shane had rebelled in queen Mary's days, and again in 1661, when he was induced, by the persuasions of the Earl of EUdaie, to make his submission to queen EUzabeth, and accordingly went to London for that purpose in Jan. 1662. See a letter from CecU to the Earl of Sussex. MS. Cotton. Titus, b. xm. 69. He rebelled a thkd time in 1666, and was reduced by the Lord President to such extremity, that he was on the point of submitting, but was persuaded, by one of liis attendants, to make a last attempt upon the Scots. They pretended to embrace his advances, and at a feast treacherously mm-dered botli him and his companions, and sent his head to Dublin. For an account of his last rebelUon sec the Sidney Papers, Vol. i. p. 15, and a letter from the Archbishop of Armagh [Loftus] to the Earl of Sussex, MS. Cott, Titus, b. XIII. 169.] P Namely, on Feb. lOth. For a detaU of the circumstances attend ing this murder, see Lett, lxxix, and C&inden's EUzabeth, p. 88.] . LXXVII.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 187 of the case. At present, I can neither be whoUy sUent upon a subject which is so universaUy spoken of, nor can I afiirni too confidently what I do not yet know to be the fact. I hear that my friend Julius is dead at Zurich. I send him, however, twenty French crowns, for his own use, if he is stiU Uving; but if, which I hope is not the case, he is. dead, let them be expended upon a scholastic entertainment. Had I leisure, I would write to masters Lavater, Simler, Wolfius, HaUer, and others; and especially to Gualter, to whom, ungrateful that I ara, I have never yet written. Salute aU of them, I pray you, affectionately in my name, and especi ally yom- [sons] Rodolph and Henry. FareweU, my father, and most esteemed master in Christ. SaUsbm-y in England, Feb.. 24, 1567. Yours in Christ, JOHN JEWEL, Anglus. LETTER LXXVIIL PERCEVAL WIBURN^ TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Feb. 25, 1567. Health. When I was with you, reverend sur, at Zurich last summer, your haring so kindly received me, an obscme individual, and uncommended to you by any pubhc testiraony, as to entertaui me at yom- table, was a singular proof of your courtesy and hospitality; for. which I acknowledge myself most deeply indebted to you. But that I was prevented by your iUness from conversing with you as freely and fully as I wished respecting our affairs, and the state and condition of the church in this country, this indeed was very morti fying to rae during my stay in your city, inasmuch as through P For some account of Perceval Wiburn see the Index.] 188 PERCEVAL WIBURN [ LET. this circumstance I was deprived of the greatest advan tage of my visit : afterwards, however, I perceived that this tm-ned out raost happily, and not without the direction and providence of God. You reraember, excellent sir, if I am not mistaken, that on the day on which you sent for me, by your son, from my lodgings, and desired me to declare the object of my visit, master Gualter being also present, I did not complain at any length concerning the calamity and distress of this our chm-ch; partly because you considered yourseff as pos sessing clearly a more than sufficient acquaintance -with our affairs ; and partly too because you had been so well in formed of all these things by the letters of some of our brethren, and especially of master Beza, that there was no occasion to add any thing to that intelUgence. Ha'ring there fore placed in your hands two schedules, of which raention was raade in raaster Beza's letter to you, I was dismissed by you to my lodgings, so that in the mean time I did not utter a single word upon any given point of reUgion. And afterwards too, during the two days in which I was waiting for your letter, it is quite evident that I had no conversation either with yourself or others, excepting only that I proposed some questions respecting habits and ceremonies in general to one or two of your congregation. But lo ! most leamed father, on ray retm-n home to my friends, I am charged with detraction and calumny, as if I had gone to you expressly to defame and detract from others, which would have been very unbecoming, or as if I had purposely studied to give a false and feigned report respecting our church. And upon anxiously inquiring the cause and origin of this charge, I find all the mischief to have arisen from your letter to the bishops, which, as I received it sealed, and eridently ignorant of its contents, I had some time before taken care should be delivered into their hands. Why should I prolong my statement? Being fully conscious of my innocence in this matter, I forthwith waited upon the bishop of Winchester, who was then in London, and conversed vrith him seriously, (as it was right I should do,) upon this business : at length a letter was produced in your handwriting, stating that reports had reached you respecting a strange language, clay, spittle, LXXVIIL ,]] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 189 candles, and I know not what else, here made use of in the public service ; for I was only permitted at that time to look over one or two sentences. They will have it that I ara the author of this report'. But, though this is so very trifling in the relation, and the very supposition faUs to the ground by its o-wn absurdity, yet since it has acquired so much strength, either by the instigation of the devil hiraseff, or by the hatred and maUce of some individuals, and the too great credulity of others, that I am meanwhUe labouring under a heavy suspicion with those persons whora I have now for some years embraced as friends and brethren in Christ, and with whom also I desire to Uve henceforth upon friendly terms, as far as lies in my power ; I am therefore compeUed to have recourse at this time to your friendship, that, known as you are for piety and integrity, you raay by your testimony rindicate my innocence from being thus slandered. You cannot easily forget, reverend sir, what were the heads I com plained of in the articles ; so that there was not the slightest occasion to sci-ape together the strange language, clay, spittle, candles, and other superfluities, to increase this mischief. I would that this church were as free from other burdens and blemishes, as. by the grace of God she is free frora these evils : the complaint of the godly would not certainly in that case be so well founded, as it now is, alas ! too much so. You wiU take in good part my freedom in making this request, when you consider, first, that ray own testimony respecting myself in this matter, however simple and true, cannot easily be confirraed; and next, that the affair has come to that pass, by the rashness and inconsiderateness of some parties,, that it is made known to some of the highest authorities in this kingdom ; lastly, that the cause of the rainisters, . otherwise good and holy, has under this pretext come into bad odour with many persons, whence it happens, that abuses are now sticking closer and retained raore pertina ciously, and all hope of reformation is almost entirely aban doned. For, (besides that the ancient superstitions and reUcs of popery are too agreeable to many parties, and there are also found among ourselves patrons of those things, who distort . the writings of learned men, and your own especiaUy. P See above p. 178.] 190 PERCEVAL 'WIBURN [leT. into that direction,) if the rest of the ministers should once be convicted of circulating false reports, it is easy to conjecture how little their diUgence and exertions 'wiU avail them in future even in the best of causes ; so that not only my own danger as an individual, but the comraon cause, which is certainly not that of man, but of Jesus Christ, especially demands your aid and support. I do not therefore entertain any doubt but that you will promptly and with alacrity put forth your hand in so honourable and necessary a cause. For ray own part, I by no means desire you to glance at or censure others, (thongh this indeed might be done according to the general practice, yet imless it were done in general terms, and with much discretion, it would not be very safe for myself;) but I only ask this, that you -wiU defend and 'vindi cate me, now in danger, upon just grounds; and this, if it please you, in a private letter to myseff, lest greater dis quiet should arise, in case it should be known to some parties ; but if they will be at peace, I wish for nothing else, but desire only to have something which it is in your power to grant, and which may serve them for an answer. And though this, whatever it be, might, and perhaps should, have been sought for by me at an earlier period, yet I have hitherto abstained from wi-iting that I might spare you, who are both old and infirra, and already more than enongh troubled by this matter. And I vrish that I could stiff and altogether spare you any trouble ; but when the first counseUor of this king dom has lately sent for rae in a private and friendly way to adrise me about this business, and recommended me to obtain two or three words from you, to be ready if necessaiy, I have at last, most exceUent sir, as you see, thrown myself with confidence upon your justice, in which I eamestiy implore and entreat you not to reject me, and thereby at the same time provoke those persons yet more against me, whom I find sufficiently harsh and hostile already. And if you vriU be kind enough to send to Geneva what you may think proper to write, either to master Beza, or master Raymond, by whom it may be afterwards forwarded to the minister of the French church in London, (a thing they do very frequently,) your letter wiU by this means safely reach me, if it is directed to rae by name. LXXVIII.] TO HENRY B'ULLINfeER. 191 You may readily infer, my father, from this, that I do not so ardently and seriously request an answer from you, as I expect it with anxiety and solicitude. I shall, in the mean time, comfort and support myself as weU as I can, by the testiraony of my conscience. May the Lord Jesus long preserve you in safety to his church, and daily visit you with his increasing power ! Salute, I pray you, from me, that most excellent sei-vant of Jesus Christ, raaster Rodolph Gualter and his wife, whom ff you vriU thank for my sake, or rather in my name, you vrill giatify me exceedingly. Salute also, I pray you, your other feUow-ministers 'with whom I am acquainted, inasters Simler, Wolfius, both j'our sons, and especially the younger, to whom I am greatly indebted for the kindness which he shewed me at Zurich. FareweU, most reverend father in Christ, and remeraber, I pray you, this tottering church in your prayers to God. Again fareweU. London, Feb. 25, 1567. Your reverence's most devoted, PERCEVAL WIBURN. LETTER LXXIX. BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, June 21, 1567. Health in Christ, master BulUnger, and very dear brother in the Lord. I heartUy thank you for having received my letter with such acceptance, and likewise for your Homilies on Isaiah, which I received through master John Abel. The bishop of Winchester and rayself replied at the last Frankfort fair to your letter of September, sent by Wiburn', but de livered to us by some one else ; and I hope you have long since received our answer. p See p. 188.] 192 BISHOP GRINDAL [lET. With respect to the publication of your letter on the ves tiarian controversy, I knew indeed that you did not write it with that view; but as I foresaw for certain that great advantage would arise to our churches frora its pubUcation, I persuaded myself that you would take it in good part. Our affairs are pretty much in the same state as here tofore. We have now with us count Stolberg', a Gennan ambassador from the emperor MaximUian. He demands, as I hear, an annual subsidy of money for the war with the Turks. But he does not seem likely to get any thing here, unless other kingdoms and states wiU unite in making a common contribution. There is also some talk respect ing a marriage between our queen and Charles of Austria"; but religion is duly provided for throughout the whole busi ness ; so that unless Charles chooses to renounce popery, he has nothing to hope for in this quarter. Henry, who was lately king of Scotland, as I suppose you know, was found" dead on the tenth of last February, in a garden adjacent to a seat he had at sorae distance from the court. Persons are not yet agreed as to the manner of his death. Some say that the house was blown up by means of some barrels of gunpowder placed on purpose under the chamber in which he slept, and that he was carried by the explosion into the adjoining garden'. Others however affirm, that he was riolently dragged from his charaber in the dead of night, and afterwards strangled, and that the house was last of aU blown up with gunpowder. A certain lord named BothweU is universally suspected of this murder. The queen of Scot- land° married him on the fifteenth of May, after he had di- P Count Stolberg was sent over to treat for a marriage between the archduke Charles and the queen of England.] P For the conditions offered see Strype, Annals, i. ii. 240. After various proposals, the article of religion was found to be an insurmount able difliculty, and the match was broken off.] P See p. 186.] P This supposition is contradicted, according to Hume's account, by the confession ofthe criminals.] P The ceremony was performed in a private manner, after the rules of the popish church ; but to gratify the people, it was likewise solem nized publicly, according to the Protestant rites, by Adam Bothwell, bishop of Orkney, an ecclesiastic, who was afterwards, Hume states, deposed by the church for this scandalous compliance.] LXXIX.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 193 vorced his lawful wife' by the authority of the archbishop of St Andrews, and raised him to be duke of Orkney. A short time before this marriage almost aU the nobles of the kino-- dom', perceiving that no inquiry was made concerning the murder of the king, retired from the court, and held a se parate asserably at the town of Stirling. In this asserably it was discovered by indisputable evidence, that this abominable murder had been perpetrated by Bothwell. Wherefore they coUect troops, and endeavour to seize upori him ; he betakes himself to flight, but whither he is gone, as yet no one knows. Some say that the queen " is besieged in a certain fortress ; but others assert that she is detained prisoner in Edinburgh Castle, as being privy to the murder of her husband. What ever be the fact, it is impossible but that this infamous mar riage must end in some dreadful tragedy. But we are in P Sister to the earl of Huntley, to whom he had beon married two years before.] P The leaders of this confederacy were the earls of Argyle, Athol, Morton, Mar, and Glencairn; the lords Hume, Sempil, and Lindsay; the barons Kirkaldy of Grange, Murray of TuUibardin, and Maitland of Lethington.] P "On June 4th, 1567, Morton, Mar, Hume, and Lindsay, with other inferior barons, and attended by 900 or 1000 horse, on a sudden surrounded the castle of Borthwick, where Bothwell was in company with the queen. Bothwell had such early intelligence of their enter prise, that he had time to ride off with a few attendants; and the insurgent nobles, when they became aware of his escape, rode to Dalkeith, and from thence to Edinburgh, where they had fiiends who declared for them in spite of the efforts of Mary's partisans. The latter, finding themselves the weaker party, retreated to the castle of Edinburgh, while the provost and armed citizens, to Whom the defence of the town was committed, did not indeed open their gates to the insurgent lords, but saw them forced without offering opposition. These sad tidings were carried to Mary by Beaton, archbishop of Glasgow, -who gives the above statement in a letter to his brother, dated June 17th. He found the queen stiU at Borthwick, 'so quiet, that there were not with her passing six or seven persons.' She had probably calculated on the citizens of Edinburgh defending the capital against the insurgents; but when this hope failed, she resolved on flight. Her majesty, says the letter, in men's clothes, booted and spurred, departed that same night from Borthwick to Dunbar ; whereof no man knew save my lord duke [Bothwell] and some of his servants, who met her about a mile from Borthwick, and conveyed her to Dunbar." Mackie's Castles of Mary Queen of Scots, p. 162.] 13 194 BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. daUy expectation of more certain intelligence of aU these things, of which I wiU shortly take care to let you know. I write nothing concerning the persecutions in Flanders, because I think you are not ignorant of them. There are many mmours here about Geneva being besieged, but I hope they are not tme. May the Lord Jesus preserve your piety in safety to us and to the church! Your most devoted in the Lord, EDMUND GRINDAL, Bishop of London. LETTER LXXX. BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, July 31, 1567. I RECEIVED a letter from you on the 17th of October, and also on the 1 6th of May; for both of wliich, and for your very learned discourses on Isaiah, I return you my warmest thanlis. Nicolas CarvU' died last sumraer, and at the begin ning of this raonth Robert Beaumont, master of Trinity CoUege in the University of Cambridge. They have gone before us: we shall foUow them when the Lord shall think fit. John O'Neale", a chieftain and possessed of gTeat authority among the wild and uncivUized Irish, has, notwithstanding his P Nicolas Carvil had been one of the exUes at Zurich in queen Mary's time, as had also Rob. Beaumont. Strype, Memorials, in. i. 2,33.] P See note 1, p. 186. Cecil 'writes, in a letter to the earl of Sussex, dated Jan. 7. 1661. " On Saturday he (O'Neale) cam to tlie lord keeper's house, where wer with the lord keeper, the lord Marquis of Northampton, the earle of Pembrook, the vice-chamberlayn, and poore I. Tiiere he humbly requyred that we wold be meanes for hym to come to her majesty's presence to acknowledg his obedience. After some sharp rehersaU to hym of his generall faults, we promised him our meanes. We wold not suffisr him to reply for his defence, meaning to leave that untill your lordsliipp come. So I thought mete that his submission shuld be both in Irish and EngUsh, which he made uppon his knees, and fii-st prostrat upon his face." MS. Cotton. Titus. b, xm. 69.] LXXX.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO HEXRY BULLINGER. 195 oath, excited a rebeUion against our queen. During this whole year he has been in arms, and was lately kiUed in an affray. There is now some hope that this rude and savage people, living only upon plunder, will become raore humane and civUized. After the murder of Henry [Darnley,] king of Scotland, the queen mai-ried the earl of ^ BothweU, who has lately been created duke of Orkney. His wife* is yet living, and is, as I am told, a most noble and exceUent lady. The nobUity" have humbled the queen ; but they notwithstanding treat her with great Idndness, remembering, as it is right they should, the aUegiance due to her. The duke" has fied, I know not whither, detested by almost evei-y one on account of this cmel murder of his sovereign. With whose concurrence he did this, I wiU not say; but fame circulates some wonderful and horrible rumours: "Fama, malum quo non aUud velocius uUum, Tam ficti pravique tenax quam nuntia veri." The nobles of Scotland have at their comraand sorae regi ments, and in all their colours or standards they bear this painted representation. There is depicted a green and beau- P See p. 192. P See note 6, p. 193.] [^ After a conference with Kirkaldy of Grange, the queen put her self, upon some general promises, in the hands of the confederates, and was conducted to Edinburgh amidst the insults of the populace. Hume.] [^ His end is thus told by Sir James Melvil: "Now the laird of Grange, his two slups being in readinesse, he made sail towards Orkney, and no man was so frank to accompany him as the laird of TuUibardin, and Adam BothweU, Bishop of Orkney. But the earl [BothweU] was fied from Orkney to Sheatland, whither also they foUowed him, and came in sight of BothweU's ship ; which moved the laird of Grange to cause the skippers to hoise up all the sails, which they were loath to do, because they knew the shallow water thereabout. But Grange, fearing to miss him, compeUed the marriners, so that for too great haste the ship wherein Grange was did break npon a bed of sand, 'without loss of a man; but BothweU had leisure in the mean time to save himself in a little boat, learing his ship behind him, which Grange took, and therein the laird of TaUow, John Hepburn of Bantoun, Dalgleesh, and divers others of the earl's servants. Himself fled to Denmark, where he was taken, and kept in strait prison, wherein he became mad and dyed miserably." Wright's Life and Times of queen EUzabeth, Vol. I. p. 257.] 13—2 196 BISHOP PARKHURST [lET. tiful tree, under which is Ijang a tall man, naked, and strangled with a rope : near him is a young man, also naked, and pierced with many wounds : next is painted a littie boy vrith a crown of gold upon his head, with bended knees and upUfted hands, and these words written as proceeding from his mouth, " Lord, have mercy on me, and avenge my fa ther's blood." Hereby are represented the king, his atten dant, and his son. I cannot write more. Business presses. The courier is in haste. Rodolph Gualter wUl tfeU you every thing else. I would have written to Wolfius, Lavater, Simler, Won lychius, Froschover, and Julius: but I can not; I wish I could. They must take it in good part. I 'wiU write to them at another time. FareweU. Salute aU my friends. In haste. Ludham, July, 31, 1567. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST, [Bishop] of Norwich. LETTER LXXXI. BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Aug. 29, 15C7. Health in Christ our Saviour. The affairs of Scotland, Tespecting whicii I promised in ray last letter to ^vrite more fully, are now, in this condition. The nobUity^ ofthe kingdom, having taken offence at the marriage' of the queen of Scots with the regicide BothweU, about the end of June last collected together a numerous body of troops. When BothweU, who had also assembled some forces, discovered his inferiority, he fled with four or five ships to the Orkney" islands. The queen surrendered herself to her nobles, who conveyed her to a strongly fortified castle in the middle of the lake caUed Lochleven, where she is stiU in custody. After some days the [' Sec note 7, p. 193] [= See note 5, p. 192.] [^ See note C, p. 195.] LXXXI.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 197 queen, by a soleran public instrument:' resigned her royal dignity to the prince her son, who was crowned king of Scot land towards the end' of the July following. Not long after was held a convention" of the estates, in which were decreed these five things : first, they declared the Lord James Stuart, earl of Murray, or Moray, of whose piety I think I have before written to you, the king's guardian and regent of the kingdom. Next, they prohibited, under a heavy penalty, all exercise of the popish religion. Thirdly, an universal reformation of the churches was determined upon. Fourthly, the stipends of the clergy were confirmed and augmented. Fifthly, and lastly, they decreed that the advisers and perpetrators of the king's murder should be sought out and punished. The queen is stiU kept in the closest confinement, and there are those who think it wiU be perpetual. It is reported that there were found in BothweU's writing desk some letters written in the queen's^ own hand, in which she exhorted Bothwell to [* The confederate lords, by putting the queen in fear of death, com peUed her, unheard, to set her hand to three writings: by the first whereof she resigned the kingdom to her son, who was scarce thirteen months old; by another, she constituted Murray to be vice-roy or regent in the minority of her son; and by the third, she named, in case Murray should refuse the charge, these governors over her son, James, duke of Chatelherault, Matthew, earl of Lennox, Gillespie, earl of Argyle, John, earl of Athol, James, earl of Morton, Alexander, earl of Glencairn, and John, earl of Mar. Camden's EUzabeth, p. 96. " She was urged to the resignation of the crown by the implacable Lindsay, who 'with his mailed hand seized the delicate arm of the queen, and swore that unless she subscribed the deeds without delay, he would sign them himself with her blood, and seal them on her heart." Mackie, Castles of Q. Mai-y, p. 202.] P He was proclaimed July 29, by the name df Jomes VL, and soon after crowned at StirUng. Hume.] l" Sir Nicholas Throgmorton writes to the earl of Bedford, in a letter dated Edenborowghe, July 20, 1567, and preserved in the state paper office, " The assembly contynueth the 20th day of thys moneth : where I thynke lytle wyl be done to the quene of Scotlande's advantage." P This subject has long been involved in great uncertainty. On the one side, Camden states that some servants of BothweU's, who were put to death by Murray for being present at the murdering of the king, protested at the gallows that they understood fi-om Bothwell, that Murray and Morton were the authors of the king's death. The queen they cleared from aU suspicion; as Bothwell also liimself, being pri soner in Denmark, many times witnessed, both Uving and dying, with 198 BISHOP GRINDAL [lET. accelerate the death of the king, her husband. How ti-ue this may be, I know not. A certain baron (Grange^ by name) was lately dispatched with four armed vessels in pursuit of Bothwell. For it is now generally agreed that he strangled the king with his own hands, and then blew up the house with gunpowder, that it might appear accidental. From this you may easily imagine what great and terrible commotions have lately taken place in Scotland. In the mean time we entertain the most Uvely hopes, that all these things wiU tum out to the further advancement of evangeUcal doctrine. John Knox has lately retumed, amidst the great rejoicing of the people, to his church in Edinburgh, from which he had heretofore been altogether banished^. Thus much of the affairs of Scotland. Our own are pretty much in the same state as when the bishop of Winchester amd myseff last wrote to you. AU men's minds are not yet settled, but we are daily hoping for an improvement. We were exceedingly glad that no attack was made last summer upon the people of Berne or Geneva ; for we were much afraid that the duke of Savoy, with the aid of Spain, would have done them some great mischief. You wiU salute from me master Gualter and your other coUeagues. May the Lord bless you and your labours, and preserve your piety in safetj- as long as possible to his church! London, Aug. 29, 1567. Yom- most devoted in the Lord, EDMUND GRINDAL, Bishop of London. With respect to the acts passed in the general assembly of the kingdom, I will briefly ^rate you a summary of those by which the true reUgion of Christ is established, and the a reUgious asseveration, that the queen was not privy thereto: as did also Morton, fourteen years after. See Camden's Eliz. p. 97. On the other side, however, Soames, in his EUzabethan liistory, p. 87, observes, " Her guUt is unquestionable, if certain lettei-s and sonnets, produced as evidence against her, be genuine ; and tliat they ai'e, is more than probable." Robertson's dissertation, he adds, at the close of his history, fully and accurately discusses the genuineness of tiiese conclusive document?.] P Kirkaldy of Grange. See note 6, p. 195.] f See p. 24.] LXXXI.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 199 impious superstition of the papists abolished. I shall how ever omit such as relate to the civil government of the king dom, as it would be a work of infinite labour to record them; and besides most unnecessary, to yourself especially, whom I fully beUeve to be sufiiciently acquainted with them all. 1 . First, then, not only are all the irapious traditions and ceremonies of the papists taken away, but also that tyranny which the pope hiraself has for so many ages exercised over the church, is altogether abolished ; and it is provided that all persons shaU in future acknowledge him to be the very an tichrist, and son of perdition, of whom Paul speaks. 2. The mass is abolished, as being an accursed abomi nation and a diaboUcal profanation of the Lord's supper ; and it is forbidden to all persons in the whole kingdom of Scot land either to celebrate or hear it : should any one do other wise, on the first offence all his goods, whether moveable, as they say, or immoveable are forfeited to the exchequer, and the offenders themselves are to be punished at the discretion of the magistrate in whose jurisdiction they shall have been apprehended. For the second offence they are to be punished with banishment ; the third is capital. 3. All those acts of parliament are repealed, by which the pope's authority in the bygone times of darkness had been either declared or confirmed. 4. The king's coronation is confirmed, because the queen, his mother, voluntarily laid down the royal authority, and ap pointed him by her letters to be proclaimed king. 5. The lord James, earl of Moray, is elected regent, as they caU it, of the kingdom; and authority is given to him to administer the governraent in the king's name ; and this, until the king himself shall have attained his seventeenth year. This too was done at the command of the queen, who also fixed the time of his majority. 6. A form of oath is prescribed, which aU future so vereigns are to take at the time they are proclaimed. They must solemnly promise and swear that they will endeavour, to the utmost of their power, that the christian reUgion which is now preached throughout the whole kingdom shaU be faith fully retained, without being contaminated by any traditions of papists and other heretics, which oppose its purity. 200 BISHOP GRINDAL [lET. 7. ¦ In the seventh is prescribed the mode of presenting benefices to those who sliaU undertake the ofiice of the rai nistry. Those to whom belongs the hereditary right of patron age are to present some one to the church, whom if the church shall upon diligent examination find to be duly qualified, she shall admit [to the Uving] ; if otherwise, she must reject him, and appoint to that ofiice a more worthy candidate. 8. None are to be appointed judges, scribes, notaries, public apparitors, and beadles, until they have made a pro fession of the christian religion. 9. The third only of the tithes is to be paid to the mi nisters of God's word, so long as untU, after the decease of the old incumbents, they may enjoy the entire benefice. 1 0. None shall be adraitted to the instruction of youth in learning and morals, until he shall have made an open pro fession of religion. 11. Authority is given to ministers that they may sin cerely preach the word of God, lawfully administer the sacra ments, and sharply reprove the vices and corrupt maimers of the people. 12. The patrons of those preferments which the mass- priests heretofore enjoyed in the coUeges, may now convert them to the support of those whora we coraraonly call bursars', into the number of whom are generally chosen such young men as, being without friends or means of support, would otherwise be unable to procure a learned education. 13. A punishment is decreed against fornicators. For on the fii-st offence they are to pay eighty" pounds, or to be committed to prison for eight days, and there fed only upon bread and the smallest beer: they are afterwards, on the next market day, to be placed in some conspicuous situation whence they may easily be seen by every one, there to re main from ten o'clock till twelve, ¦with their heads uncovered, and bound with rings of iron. For a second offence the pe nalty is one hundred and thirty pounds^, or sixteen days' im prisonment upon bread and water : then, as before, they ai-e to be exposed to the people in the public market, with the \} Or exhibitioners.] [^ Pounds Scotch, i.e. of 20d. each, in aU £6. 13*. Irf.] P i.e. £10. 16*. 8rf.] LXXXI.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 201 addition of having their heads shaved. For the third offence the penalty is two hundred pounds*, or imprisonment for thi-ice the former nuraber of days; and at the expiration of that time, after having been dipped three times in deep water, they are to be for ever banished from the city or parish. Both the man and woman, as often as they shall offend, ai-e liable to these punishments. 14. Incest is made a capital offence. Notiiing however was determined upon in the assembly with regard to adultery ; but the consideration of that crime was deferred till the next session. 15. Marriages contracted between persons related in the second degree, such as those between brothers' and sisters' [children], are declared lawful. LETTER LXXXIL BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Londok, June 11, 1568. Health in Christ. Your affectionate letters, I believe, have all reached me, for which I return you my best thanks. I did not reply to them at the time of the last Frankfort fair, because at the beginning of Lent I was suffering with a tertian ague, which was succeeded by a disease in ray eyes ; but by the raercy of the Lord I am now recovered. I congratulate you and the people of Geneva on the quiet postm-e of affairs, which indeed is almost miraculous ; for you liave on every side the most bitter adversaries. Our controversy concerning the habits, about which you write, had cooled down for a time, but broke out again last winter ; and this by the means of some who are more zealous tlian they are either learned or gifted with pious discretion. Some London citizens^ of the lowest order, together with four or five rainisters, remarkable neither for their judgment nor learning, have openly separated from us; and sometimes P i.e. £16. 13«. 4rf.] P See Strype, Life of Grmdal. n. 168, &c,l 202 BISHOP GRINDAL [lET. in private houses, sometimes in the fields, and occasionally even in ships, they have held their raeetings and administered the sacraments. Besides this, they have ordained ministers, elders, and deacons, after their own way, and have even ex communicated some who had seceded from their chureh. And because masters Laurence Humphrey, Sampson, Lever, and others, who have suffered so much to obtain liberty in respect of things indifferent, will not unite 'with them, they now regard them as semi-papists, and 'wUl not aUow their followers to attend their preaching'. The number of this sect is about two hundred, but consisting of more women than men. The privy council have lately committed the heads of this faction to prison, and are using every means to put a timely stop to this sect. You are, I suppose, well acquainted 'with the state of affairs in France and the Netherlands. New commotions have lately arisen in Scotland. On the second of May last the queen, who was kept a prisoner in the castle of Loch leven-, having bribed her keepers, escaped from confinement, p '^'Hien Bishop Grindal reproved some of this party for not going to church, one of them replied, that he had as Uef go to mass, as to some churches ; on which the Bishop said, that they ought not to find fault with all for a few, and that they might go to other places; and par ticularly mentioned Laurence, and Sampson, and Lever, who preached in London, being dispensed with, though they wore not the habits, besides Coverdale. See Strype, Grindal, p. 171.] P George Douglas, brother to the laird of Lochleven, conveyed her in disguise into a small boat, and himself rowed her on shore. Hume. See Camden, EUz. p. 108. She had previously attempted an escape on the 26th of March, the manner of which is thus related in a letter of Sir WUliam Drury to Cecil, dated Berwick, AprU 2, 1568. " There cometh into her the landresse early as other tymes before she was wonted, and the quene (according to such a secret practice) putteth on the weede (clothes) of her landresse, and so, with the fardell of clothes and her muffler upon her face, passeth out and entreth the bote to passe the Loughe, which, after some space, one of them that rowed said merrUy, ' Lett us see what manner of dame this is !' and therewith off'ered to pull downe her muflSer; which to defend she put upp her hands; which they espyed to be very fayre and white, wherewith they entered into suspition whom she was, beginning to wonder at her enterprise. Whereat she was litle dismayed, but chardged them uppon danger of their lives to rowe her over to the shore, wliich they nothing regai-ded, but eftesones rowed her back agayne, promising her that it shud be secreted, and in especiall from the lord of the house under whose gard she lieth. MS. Cotton. Calig. c ; -" " LXXXII.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 203 and fled to Castle HamUton% where she coUected troops". On the 1 Sth of May the Ueutenant of the kingdom, (caUed the regent,) assembled his forces and engaged in a skirmish with the queen's party^. Her army was put to flight : about a hundred escaped ; the rest, who could have been destroyed to a man, were allowed quarter ; but she herself, with a few attendants, fled to the sea^, and going on board a sraaU vessel, crossed the narrow frith at the mouth of the river Solway, and arrived at the eity of CarUsle, which is in this kingdom. She still remains, but however in honom-able custody, in the castle' of that eity. The queen' of Scotland seeks aid from P " The Quene would wiUingly have gone for her more suerty to Dumbarton castle; but the Ambletons wyll not therunto condescend, aUedging that there she should be in lytteU better estate then in Logh- leven, consydering the practice that the Lord of Ledington would use to the Lord Fleming. But as that may be one cause, so they thynk bj^ having her in theyr possession they shol be the stronger, and bryng theyr purpose the better to passe." Sir Wm. Drury to CecU, May 12, 1568. MS. Cott. Calig. b. ix. 365.] P Within a day or two so great a multitude flocked unto her from all parts, that she leried an army of six thousand warriors. Camden, Elizabeth, p. 108. The foUowing letter is given verbatim as it was written by her on this occasion to the laird of Nether PoUoc, and which is stiU preserved in the famUy: "Traist freind. We greit zow weiU. We dowt not bot ze knaw that God of his gudenes has put us at libertie, quhome we thank maist hartUe, qwharefore desyres zow -wt all possible diUgence faU not to be heir at us in Hamylton, wt all zor folks, freinds and serwands bodin in feir of weir as ze will do us acceptable serrice and plessrs. Becaws we knaw zor qutance [constancy] we neid not at yis pnt (present) to mak langar Ue (letter) bot -wUl byd zow fair weUl. Off Hamylton ye 6 of MaU 1568. (Signed) Marie R." See Mackie, Castles of Q, Mary, p. 126, who gives a fac-simUe of the original letter.] P Namely, at Langside, near Glasgow, on May 14, as Sir WUUam Drury -writes to CecU from Berwick on the following day. He says, " the Earle did his best to stay bloud to be shed, yea, by his contraryes [enemies] the same is affirmed." MS. Cott. CaUg. c. i. 67.] P She embarked on board a fishing boat in GaUoway, and landed the same day at Workington in Cumberland, about thirty mUes from CarUsle.] P Sir Francis KnoUys, who was sent to Carlisle to receive the queen of Scots, Tmtes to Cecil, from Richmond, Thursday, May 27th. " The quene of Scotts is staied stiU at CarUle by the Deputie warder's good behariour and discretion toward her Highnes' service." MS. Cott. CaUg. b. IX. 290.] P Queen Mary's letter to EUzabeth is given by Camden, EUz. p. 109.] 204 BISHOP GRINDAL [lET. US, that she may be restored to her kingdom, which under the influence of fear (as she says) she resigned to her son; or at least, that she may have a safe conduct to France', where she may make trial of the fideUty of her friends. The Scottish nobles, on the other hand, by their ambassadors, re quire her to be again delivered into their custody, aUegmg it to be unfit for her to resume the crown, who not only procured the death of her husband, but afterwards united herself in an adulterous marriage 'with his very mm-derer, and one too, who had a wife yet living. What decision wiU be come to as to these matters, I am yet ignorant. May the Lord overrule them all for good ! Whatever it may be, should the Lord spare my life, I wUl endeavour to inform you. Salute, I pray you, master Gualter and the rest of the brethren in my narae. May the Lord preserve you, my very reverend friend and dear brother in the Lord ! London, June 11, 1568. Your most devoted in the Lord, EDMUND GRINDAL, Bishop of London. Just as I was about to seal this letter, news was brought me, that the duke of Alva, at Brussels, on the fifth of this month, had infiicted capital punishment on the Counts Egmont^ and Horn^, and about twenty other noblemen. The P " Well, sayd she (queen Mary), " I woU not detayne this Frenche ambassador untyll Master Mydelm ore's comyng, neither woU I be any longer delayed ; for I woU require the quene, my good sister, that either she will lett me go into France, or that she woU put me into Dunbritone, unlesse she woU hold me as a prysoner." Sir F. KnoUys to CecU, from Carlisle, June 21. MS. Cott. Calig. c. 1. 107.] P Lamoral, Count Egmont, had been ambassador in 1553 fi-om Charles 5th to queen Mary respecting her marriage with his son PhUip. He was afterwards govemor in the provinces of Flanders and Artois, and was of so popular a character, that when the Duchess of Parma was made Regent of the Low Countries, the pubUc voice had already nomi nated Egmont to fill that exalted station. See Burgon's Life and Times of Sir Thomas Gresham, A'^ol. ii. p. 126, where, in p. 233, is a curious letter from Sir Richard Clough describing the arrest of the Counts Egmont and Hom.J P Plulip de Montmorenci, Count Horn, had been governor of the province of Gueldres, which was taken from him and given to Count LXXXlI.j TO HENRY BULLINGER. 205 man, it seems, is cruel enough by nature, and has descended to this degree of ferocity through irritation at the unfortunate result of the battle near Groningen, with Louis of Nassau. For the duke of Alva, it is reported, lost there two thousand Spaniards and three thousand WaUoons, as they caU them. There fell also the Count von Orenberg, and some Spanish generals of consequence. Egmont admitted a monk as his confessor, and adored the cross at the very place of execution. The Count Horn rejected aU such things, and died in the confession of the truth. LETTER LXXXIII. BISHOP PARKHURST TO RODOLPH GUALTER AND HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, Aug. 4, 1568. I WROTE a letter to you at the end of February, and hope it came safe to hand. I received letters from Bullinger and Lavater on the llth of May, and from you, Gualter, on the 18th ofthe same month. The queen of Scotland raade her escape from prison about the same tirae. A bloody fight' immediately took place between the papists, the friends^ of Meghem. His trial, with that of Count Horn, is thus noticed in a letter from Sir R. Clough to Sir Thomas Gresham, dated Sept. 15, 1567. " We have news from Brussells, that there are 12 appointed to sit upon the County of Egmont and the County of Home; 2 of them. to bo of the Lords ofthe order [ofthe golden Fleece], and all the rest presidents of the counsell of these Low Countries ; who are all papists (saving one, who is the president of Gawntt, wlio is takyn for a man of good judg ment,) so that by them both they and all the rest shall be tried;" Burgon, as above, p. 236.] P At Langside near Glasgow, May 14th. See note 5, p. 203.] P A bond of association for her defence was signed by the Earls of Argyle, Huntley, - Eglinton, Cra'wford, Cassilis, Rothes, Montrose, Sutherland, Errol, nine bishops and nine barons, besides many of the most considerable gentry. And in a few days an army, to the number of six thousand men, was assembled under her standard. Hume.] 206 BISHOP PARKHURST TO RODOLPH GUALTER, &C. [lET. the queen, and the protestants, who were on the Idng's side. She was on an eminence', mounted on a swift horse, when the battle was at its height, and had a riew of the whole engage ment. But when she perceived at length that the rictory lay with the regent James and his party, she fled with a few of her attendants into England ; for she had rather trust her self to the EngUsh than hfir own subjects, and I beUeve it was more safe for her to do so. She is now at Carlisle*, a town well fortified, but is shortly, as I am told, about to reside in the middle of England. On the 13th of July' Dr WilUam Turner, a good physi cian and an excellent man, died at London. Lever preached at his funeral. I have written this single letter, short as it is, to you both ; for I am in doubt whether, in the present confused state of affairs, it wiU ever reach you. I am there fore unwilUng now to wi-ite more. Salute in my name all my friends, especiaUy inasters Simler, Lavater, Wolfius, HaUer, Wickius, WonUchius, Zu inglius, &c. FareweU. In haste. Ludham, August 4, 1568. Yours entirely, JOHN PARKHURST, [Bishop] of Norwich. P " The quene [was] a reasonable distance of, and gave the looking on, till she saw howe it [the battle] preceded." Sir W. Drury to Cecil, MS. Cott. Calig. c. i. 67. " On a hill opposite to Langside queen Mary stood during the battle, and 'witnessed the discomfiture of her friends and the annUiUation of her hopes: a hawthorn bush, commonly known by the name of Queen Mary's thom, long marked out the place, tUl it decayed through age; when another was reverentiaUy planted on the same spot to preserve the memory of the scene.'' Mackie, Castles of Queen Mary, p. 127. P See p. 203.] P WUUam Turner, Doctor of Physic, and a zealous dirine, who under King Edward VI. had been Dean of WeUs, but outed in the next reign, and became an exUe. He was restored to his deanery by Archbishop Parker in 1559. He was buried in Crutched Friars' Church, London, where he hath a monument yet remaining. Strype Parker, i. 93. The Bishop of Bath and WeUs [GUbert Berkley] thus complained of him to Cecil, in a letter dated March 23, 1564. " I am much encombered with master Dr Turner, Deane of Welles, for his undiscrete behaviour in the pulpitt ; where he medleth 'with all matters, and unsemelie speaketh of all estates, more then is standing with dis cretion." MS. Lansd. 8. 3.] LXXXIV.] BISHOP cox TO HENRY BULLINGER. 20*7 LETTER LXXXIV. BISHOP COX TO HENRY BULLINGER. [1568.] Health in Christ Jesus, my BuUinger, my very dear brother, and a most shining light in the chm-ch of God. I have by me three letters of yours, written last year, the first of which is dated January 6, 1568 ; the second, March 20th, 1568; the third, August 24th, 1568. I have, in addition to these, your books* on the " Origin of Error," pre sented by yourself. For my not having yet replied to your most gratifying and pious letters, I had rather assign no reason at aU than a light and futUe one. Passing over, then, all excuses, I return sincere thanks to my friend Henry, both because he has so frequently vouchsafed to converse with me by letter, and also for his continuing to oblige me with such pious presents. I do indeed thank God from my heart, that he has set you up as a most solid piUar for the propagation of his tmth. I pray that the Lord our God raay prolong your life to his glory and the good of his church ; which is now confined and oppressed on every side, and over which the adversaries are raeditating and most eagerly anticipating a triumph. But "why do the heathen rage? &c." — (Ps. ii. 1.) We may hope most confidently that God wiU not desert his people for ever. May the Lord confound the counsels of those Swiss, who with so much animosity deserted you for the French! The Assyrians raged terribly against Jerasalem, but it was to their great discomfort. If God be for us, who can be against us I Our affairs, thank God, are hitherto tolerably quiet, except that the Canaanites are wonderfully thickening among us, daily looking for the time when the ass wiU speak. Our excellent friend Abel is stUl alive, but most grievously tormented with the stone. There is an abundant crop of pious P See note 1, p. 182.] 208 BISHOP cox TO HENRY BULLINGER. [: LET. young men in our universities. The Lord, we hope, wiU increase the number of the labourers who may be sent into his harvest ; and this ought to be a singular comfort to my self, who must soon expect ray own disraission, when my spirit shall return to heaven, and my body be consigned to the earth. FareweU, my very dear brother, and let us aid each other by our mutual prayers to God. Salute my fi-iend JuUus; he is not quite a stranger to me. 1568. Your most attached, RICHARD COX, [Bishop] of Ely. LETTER LXXXV. BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Fulham, Aug. 13, 1569. Health in Christ. That I seldom write to your reve rence, my very dear master BuUinger, you must impute to our late wars and interrupted commerce with the Nether lands. I received last year your books "on the Origin of Error," and " on Councils," for which also I return vou mv best thanks. The dissensions' in our Dutch church at London, about whieh you wrote to me, are, by the grace of God, at length composed. The judgment of your churches was of very great advantage to us. The duke of Alva' is cleai-ly acting the part of Phalai-is P For an account of these disputes, see Strype, Grindal, 189, &c.] P The duke of Alva's first act, after he found himself sole gover nor of the provinces, in 1 668, was to erect a tribunal, so arbitrary in its objects, so inhuman in its proceedings, that the common people de signated it by the epithet bloody ; and that tribunal might well be called LXXXV.] BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. 209 among our Low-Country neighbours. All persons of wealth, of whatever religion, are living in the greatest danger. For men, the rich especially, are daily dragged to execution, with out regard to any form of law. As to the affairs of France, you know them all better than we do. Through the mercy of God we are in great tranquillity, notwithstanding Alva's threatenings. Our commerce with the Netherlands has been ilitermpted on this account. Last -winter the Spanish^ vessels, which through the medium of the Genoese raerchants con veyed money to Alva from the pope, were driven by a tempest into our harbours, which are both numerous and safe. The sum, I believe, was 300,000 crowns. This sura, sent as it were from heaven, as all the neighbouring nations are raging with war, our queen, that she might have money ready against every emergency, determined to borrow from the merchants themselves, giving sufiicient security for the repajinent, at a given tirae, both of the principal and interest ; a plan which has often been adopted by other sovereigns. When Alva* so, which enabled the duke to boast on his return to Spain, that he had caused the death of upwards of 18,000 persons by the hands of the executioner. He might have added, that he had been the ruin of 300,000 besides. Burgon, Vol. ii. p. 269.] P These ships were chased by some of the prince of Conde's ships of war, and took refuge in England. It was thought proper, for better security, to land the money, which was all in Spanish reals, and amounted to 400,000 ducats. The queen was informed by the cardinal de Chatillon, that the money did not belong to the king of Spain, but to some Genoese and Italian merchants, who were afraid the duke (of Alva) would seize it for his own use, as he indeed intended; and the queen, knowing it would be employed against the protestants, and the merchants being willing to lend it her, she borrowed it of them, and gave security for its repayment. Alva, incensed at a disappointment which put him under difficulties in the measure he was taking, caused all the English merchants at Antwerp to be arrested; and took an inventory of their ships and effects, which he sold afterwards to his own profit. Carte's Hist, of England. See also Burgon's Life of Sir Thomas Gresham, Vol. ii. p. 277, &c. and Camden, Eliz. p. 120, &c., who states, p. 191, that the money was faithfully repaid in 1573.] p The earl of Leicester writes to Randolph, May 1, 1669 : " The duke of Alva hath ruffled with us ever since Christmas, and not only cmprisoned our merchants, but also stayed their goods and shippes, whereuppon the queue's majestie hathe done the lyke here, and stayed certayne treasure which by force of weather was dryven uppon the 14 [ZURICH LETTERS.! 210 BISHOP GBINDAL [lET. heard this, he caused aU our merchants now in the Nether lands to be arrested, together with their vessels and their freight. Our government did the same both to the Spaniards and Netherlanders. Our merchants therefore are now com pelled to exercise their trade at Hamburgh, a place far less convenient, and this to the great detriment of the whole of the Netherlands. In Scotland, our next neighbour, aU affairs are stUl carried on, as heretofore, under the authority of the youthful knig. The administration (of the government) is in the hands of an exceUent man, the Lord Jaraes Stuart ', earl of Murray, the king's uncle, to whom the rest of the nobiUty, who formerly opposed his authority, have at length submitted. Their dis agreement was not respecting matters of reUgion; for each party, even when the dispute was at the highest, professed, as they still continue to do, the doctrine of the gospel. The queen of Scotland, who is still detained here in sufficiently honourable and free custody', will not confirm this regency of Scotland, and thinks herself wronged by it. She is there fore m-ging [the assistance of] her friends as much as she can; but unless she is supported by foreign aid, she wiU not easily recover her kingdom. Thus much have I thought fit to write to you at this time conceming our own affairs and those of om- neighbours. Bishops Horn, Pai-khurst, Jewel, Cox, Sandys, Pilkington, are aU weU, and entreated me, whenever I should write to you, to salute your reverence in their name. Greet, I pray you, from me raaster Rodolph Gualter, and your other breth ren in the ministry. Commend us to the Lord in your prayers. May the Lord Jesus long preserve you in safety to us and to west coast. She hathe likewise armed forthe certayne of her shippes to keepe the narrow seas, which have taken dyvers of their hulks and therein greate substance and treasure, aU which is surely kept uppon a reckoning till wo may see howe matters wiU fall out betmxt us and them." MS. Lansd. ii. 36.] P See p. 197.] P The queen of Scots was removed from Bolton to Tutbury Castle in the January of this year, and placed under the care of George Talbot, sixth earl of Shrewsbury. In the month of August she was again re moved to Sheffield Castle.] LXXXV.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 211 his church, my very reverend and dear brother in the Lord ! Fulham, on the banks of the Thames, 13th August, 1569. Your most devoted in the Lord, EDM. GRINDAL, bishop of London. Our brother John Abel, after having been long afflicted ^rith the stone, exchanged this life for a better some montlis since. LETTER LXXXVI. RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Feb. 6, 1570. This, raost leaimed su-, is my letter, whereby you wUl imderstand, ithat on the death of our friend, John Abel, your letter of the 14th of March last, together with one from master Rodolph Gualter of the 17th of the same month, both of them being addressed to rae in the absence of the aforesaid John Abel, were delivered into my hands. I there fore opened [the packet] and read the letters, and forwarded them, together with the books which you mention therein, to the persons to whom you had directed them. I received also a letter from Julius, of the 16th March, 1569, and some works tied up in separate parcels, addressed to the bishops of SaUsbury, Ely, and Worcester, and Sir Antony Cook, toge ther with some little books for each of them ; and which I forwarded with the parcels to the indi'riduals above mentioned. I wish you to be informed of aU this ; for your letter dated August 24th has also reached me, and as you seem therein to desire that, both as to the forwarding letters from your self to others, and also conveying them from others to you, I wiU supply the place of our friend Abel, (who has died in the Lord, and therefore is now, I doubt not, blessed and 14—2 212 RICHARD HILLES [l-ET. delivered from those pains which he endured when alive in this world,) I wiU most readily do this as far as I can. As to the writings which you state to have been inclosed with the aforesaid letter, as soon as they came into my hands, I sent them to the reverend the bishops and other leamed persons to whom you had directed them. But it pamed me much to perceive, from the letter which you sent to John Abel, that although you were not torraented, as he was, with the stone in the bladder, you have nevertheless been afflicted with the same disease in the reins, so that from Martinmass up to the 14th of March you parted with sixty calculi, some of which were of a considerable size. I am glad, however, that although you have been suffering so severely under that kind of disorder, so much patience has been bestowed upon you by divine proridence ; and I pray God it may abide with you to the end. Two years since I sent you a letter, of which I derived the chief materials verbatim from one written by a certain individual to master Christopher Mont' of Strasburgh, in forraing him of the state of lower Germany, and especiaUy of Antwerp, a little before the arrival of the duke of Alva. I sent a duplicate [copy] of this letter to the Lent fair at Frankfort in 1568, inclosed in my letter to you, that it might be given in charge to one of the Zurich bookseUers, who would deliver it to you. But as you make no mention what ever of this letter to Christopher Mont in yours of the 24th of August 1569, I rather suspect that it has been lost than that it has reached you, and therefore I inclose a dupUcate in this present letter. But when you state that if a letter to you from hence can by my means be conveyed to master Christopher Mont, it wiU doubtless reach you, [and] that the reverend bishop of London, Edmund Grindal, if I avaU myself of his assistance, can be of great use in forwarding it to the aforesaid Christopher Mont, I am but seldom able to be of much use in matters of this kind. For I was gene raUy accustomed, as long as that route was permitted, to be of use in sending letters, as weU to Christopher Mont as P Mont was a German, who had been employed in embassies by Henry VIIL; and was the queen's agent at Strasburgh. Strype, Memorials, i. 355 ; Annals, ii. i. 63.] LXXXVI ,J TO HENRY BULLINGER. 213 to yourself, by way of lower Germany. But now for a whole year I have not sent a single letter to any learned men, either in upper Germany or Switzerland, by way of lower Germany, lest it should be opened in that quarter ; so that I have been necessarily obliged to send my letters to Hamburgh. Wherefore, until this long-pending dispute '^ between our most serene queen and the king of Spain shall be settled, I am of opinion that both yourself and the aforenamed Christopher Mont wiU receive very few letters from hence, except at the Frankfort fair. I thank you for acquainting me with the news relating both to yourselves in Switzerland, and on the borders of France on the Swiss side. There is no news in this country which I can relate for certain, except tliat two earls, those namely of Northumberland and Westmoreland (as I fancy you have heard from hence some days since), whom the queen's raajesty Ordered, in the month of Deceraber last, to appear before her honourable council, (to clear themselves frora a suspicion of a conspiracy premeditated by them against the reUgion and doctrine proved by the holy scriptures, and estabUshed by the authority of our raost serene queen, at least ten years since,) have raised a rebellion ; and together" with some of the queen's subjects, inhabitants of the bishop rick of Durhara, (over which bishop Pilkington presides,) whom they had jointly stirred up to battle, they most im piously took up arms. The rest of the people, however, in P See note 4, p. 209.] P In a letter from Sir George Bowes to the earl of Sussex, dated Bernard Castle, Nov. 10, 1669, the writer states that "Yesterday at four of the clock in the afternoone, the sayd Eries wythe others to the nomber of three hundred horsemen, armed in corsetts, with speres, harquebusses, and daggers, came to Durham." MS. Cott. CaUg. b. IX. 331. Stowe says they marched to Durham on the 14th of No vember, and on Tuesday the 22nd, (which Camden and Whitlocke caU the 12th day of their rebeUion) they mustered on CUfford Moor to the number of sixteen hundred horsemen, (or six hundred according to Camden and Whitlocke) smi four thousand footmen. A letter from Thomas Stanhope, dated Newark, Dec. 1, (MS. Lansd. Calig. b. ix. 361,) states, on the report of Sir WiUiam Bellewes, at York, " that they were not above four thousande footmen at the moste ; the moste part whereof, rude, unarmed, and iU appouited ; and are eight hundred horsemen, or under a thousand."] 214 RICHARD HILLES [lET. other parts of the country, by the great mercy of God, con tinued in their aUegiance, preserved the peace, and lived godly therein under the authority of God and the queen. Those too who dwelt in the neighbourhood of the bishoprick of Durham, rendered their assistance towards the suppression of the re beUion to those noble personages whom the queen had sent for that purpose' ; and thus they so pursued those two earls and their whole army, that they themselves, with some cavahy who accompanied them, took refuge in Scotland, where they were forcibly seized" by lord James the regent, and a noble man of the faraily of Hume. So that I hope they wiU shortly be brought to England, where I doubt not they "wiU receive the condign punishment that their crimes deraand. WhUe the aforesaid persons were in arms prosecuting their impious attempt, they not only tlu-ew down the comraunion tables', tore in pieces the holy bible and godly books, and trod tmder foot the printed homilies, but also again set up the blasphe mous mass as a sacrifice for the Uving and the dead. And as a farther cloke to their pretended piety, they caused some P Namely, the earl of Sussex, who marched against them 'with seven thousand men, accompanied with Edward, Earl of Rutland, the Lords Hunsdon, Evers, and WiUoughby of Parham. The rebels fled to Hexham, and shortly after to Naworth castle; where, hearing that the earl of Warwick and Clinton, Lord Admiral, pursued them in haste with twelve thousand men from the south parts of England, the two earls with a smaU company, unknown to the rest, presently withdrew thenjselves into the neighbouring country of Scotland. See Camden's Elizabeth, p. 135.] P Northumberland was dehvered by the Gi-ahams into Murray's hands, by whom he was confined in the castle of Lochleven. West moreland found a lurkingplace 'with Kerr of Femihurst, and Buc cleugh, and at length escaped into the Netherlands, where he led a very poor life, even to his old age, living upon a very slender pension [of £200. a year] from the Spaniard. See Camden as above, and Strype, Annals, i. ii. 344] P The rebels went first to Durham, an episcopal see hard by, where they went and trampled under feet the English Bibles and books of Common Prayer, which they found in the churches. Prom thence they went smaU journeys, celebrating mass in all places where they came, trouping together under their colours, (wherem were painted, in some the five wounds of Christ, in others the chaUce) ; Richard Norton, an old gentleman, with a reverend gray head, bearing a cross with a streamer before them, as fer as Clifford Moor, not far from Wetherby. Camden's EUzabeth, p. 134.] LXXXVI. J TO HENEY BULLINGER. 215 crosses, and some banners of certain saints, whom they either beUeved to be their patrons and defenders, or pretended they would be, to be carried in procession among their arras. Whereas our friend Rodolph Gualter inquired of John Abel to teU him the price of a piece of cloth in England, and how many Gerraan ells it contains, you may leam from me that our pieces are of different prices and lengths; but that tiie common and coarser ones contain about 28 or 30 Frankfort or Strasbm-gh ells, and are each worth from eight to ten French crowns ; and the cost of dying or tinging with woad wiU be about two and a half or thi-ee French crowns each. Before I had sealed this letter, certain inteUigence is brought me that the above-mentioned lord James, regent of Scotland, has been wounded by a gun-shot and killed^ by a certain nobleman of the Harailton family. Farewell in Christ Jesus, my very reverend sir, and may he evermore preserve you ! Araen. London, Feb. 6, 1569, ac cording to the coraputation of the church of England. Yours, R. H. LETTER LXXXVII. BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Feb. 18, 1670. My very dear and honoured brother, raaster Bullinger, I have received your letter, dated August 24th. I had re ceived also in the course of last year your book on the " Origui of Error," and " on Councils," as I wrote to you more fully in my letter sent to the autumn fair at Frank fort, and which I hope you received some months since. We cannot now send our letters except by way of Ham burgh, to one or other of the Frankfort fairs, by reason of [* In the streets of Linlithgow, (Jan. 23.) See p. 218.] 216 BISHOP GRINDAL [lET. the road being closed against us by the duke of Alva. Had not this been the case, nothing would have been more delightful to me than to have conversed with you by letter more frequently. I most sincerely congratulate you on your recovery from your sickness of last summer, and greatly desire to hear that your health is entirely re-estabUshed. Should you be able to regain a tolerable degree of strength in the summer suc ceeding the disorder, we shall, it seems, have reason to hope for a yet longer enjoyment of you : for the disease itseff very often acts as a medicine, or rather as a cure. Our affairs, through the mercy of God, are now tolerably quiet, though they have of late been very unsettled. An attempt' was made, last summer, to marry the queen of Scotland to Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk ; but our queen, offended at the proposal, coraraitted the above-named nobleman, on the llth of September, to the tower of Lon don, where he now remains a prisoner. At the begiiming P The queen of Scots gave her consent to the marriage, but first desired that queen Elizabeth's consent might be obtained: the latter, it appears, first heard of the proposition through some ladies of the court, on which slie took the duke to her board at Famham, and pleasantly gave him warning to "beware on what pUlow he leaned his head." Leicester afterwards more fully revealed the matter to the queen, on her coming to risit him, when he either fell sick, or counterfeited himself so, at Titchfield. The queen sharply reproved Norfolk, and commanded him to desist; and shortly afterwards, on the represen tation of Murray, (who first moved this match to the duke, but who wrote to the queen that the duke had propounded it to him,) cora mitted him to the tower. See Camden's Elizabeth, p. 126, &c. and Whitlocke's Memorials, p. 237, &c. There is a very interesting letter from John Foxe the martyrologist to the duke of Norfolk, to dissuade him from the above-mentioned marriage, in which the writer says: "There is a great rumour with us here in London, and so far spread that it is in every man's mouth almost, of your marriage with the Scottish quene; which rumour as I trust to be false, so would I be sorry that it should be ti-ue, for two respects: the one, for the good wiU I beare to you; the other for the love I beai-e to the common- wealthe, for that I see no other, (and many besides me do so no lesse,) but the day of that marriage, whensoever it beginneth, will end with such a catastrophe as will be either ruinous to yourself, or dangerous to the tranquillity of the realme, the peace whereof standing so long amongst us through the great mercy of God, God forbid it should now begin to break by you !" MS. Hail. 416, 164.] LXXXVII.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 217 of November two earls, naraely those of Northuraberland and Westmoreland, coUected troops and raised a rebeUion in the counties of York and Durhara, for the purpose of restoring the cathoUc reUgion, falsely so called^ Their array consisted of twelve hundred cavalry and four thousand infantry. They supposed that at the narae of Mass vast multitudes would come over to them ; besides which they expected assistance from the duke of Alva ; for they had determined upon re leasing the queen of Scotland from her confinement: but their expectations were altogether disappointed. For the queen of Scotland, on the discovei-y of the plot, was trans ferred to the city of Coventry^, in the very heart of the kingdora: her friends at home were prevented from, acting, partly by the severity of the winter, and partly by the passes being pre-occupied : armed vessels were also sent out to pre vent any foreign aid. The queen then collected an army of twenty-four thousand men, consisting both of cavalry and in fantry, and which the- rebel army had not the courage to resist. So that on the 16th of December the rebels dis banded their infantry ; the cavalry, however, fled to the bor ders of Scotland, where the greater part surrendered, and the remainder consulted their safety by flight. The two earls them selves fled into Scotland with a hundred chosen troops. But Northumberland" was taken prisoner by the regent of Scot land, where he atiU remains in confinement. Westmoreland °, P See note 3, p. 213, and below note 1, p. 247, for a summary .iccount of this rebellion.] P The queen returned to Tutbury Castle in Januaiy, 1570. Haynes, p. 626.] P The earl of Northumberland was delivered by Morton for a sum of money to tlie English, and conveyed to York, where he was con demned of high treason, and executed on Aug. 22, 1572. Sir Thomas Gargrave, who was president of the council of the North, writes to lord Burghley from York, on the day after his execution, that "he contynued obstynate in reUgion, and declared he would die a catho- Ucke of the pope's churche. He accompted his offences nothing, and especiaUy after he heard he should die; but before he seemed to confesse he had offended, and would greve lyke it, saying, he dyd that he dyd by compulsion and for fear of his lyfe." MS. Cott. Calig. c. iii. 381. Saunders says that the earl "suffered martyrdom."] P He afterwards escaped into Flanders, where he got a pension of £200. a year from the king of Spain. See note 2, p. 214.] 218 BISHOP GRINDAL [] LET. however, who is a young man, and with the spirit of a Cati line, is living among freebooters in the wilds of Scotland. Thus was this rebelUon suppressed vrithin forty days, and without bloodshed, except that five hundred of the rebels were afterwards executed, and many are gtUl kept in prison awaiting a like punishment'. The rebel army had on their colours the five wounds, as they are caUed, and the repre sentation of a cross 'with this inscription. In hoc signo vinces. They performed their raasses in every church ; the bibles moreover, translated into our language, which are found in all our churches, they either tore in pieces, or committed to the flaraes. They ransacked the property of the bishop of Durhara, and that of all the pastors and ministers ; but they put no one to death. PUkington, the bishop of Durham, (God having so ordered it) was at that time sta}'ing in Lon don for the recovery^ of his health : he would othra-wise have been without doubt in great danger of his life. As soon as our distm-bances were suppressed, we received most sad news from Scotland respecting the death of the most exceUent and pious prince, James Stuart, regent of Scotland; who was shot through the lower part of the beUy by a musket-ball on the 23rd of January, and died two days after. As the regent was riding on that day, (for thns the murder was committed,) in a street of the town of LinUthgow, surrounded by his nobles, as usual, a certain traitor, of tiie HamUton ' P See p. 214.] P Pilkington thus 'wrote to Cecil on the 4th of Januaiy : " Ac cording to your honor's appointment I have sent my man to know by your gudd meanes the queue's majestie's pleasure for my repairing homeways." After describing the state of the countrj-, he adds, " but God is present ever with his people, and his vocation is not rashly to be forsaken, nor his assistance to be dowted on. His gudd ^viU bc done ! " MS. Lansd. xii. 29. Another interesting letter from the bishop to CecU in 1573 is given by Strype, wherein he desires the queen's leave to come up to London that 'winter, being by reason of his age very much pinched by the winter's cold in that northem part of the nation. "There is," he said, "a highway to heaven out of all countries ; of which free passage, I praise God, 1 doubt not." Strype, Annals, ii. i. 437.] [" James HamUton of BothweUhaugh, who had been taken at Langside, and condemned to death, had made his escape out of pri son, and his estate was forfeited. His wife, heiress of WoodhousUe, LXXXVII.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 219 famUy, airaed a gun at him from a window, and shot him. The assassin mounted a fleet* horse, which he had ready sad dled at the back door of the house, and took refuge in a certain castle". It is to be feared that great changes will take place in consequence of the death of tliis iUustrious personage: we hear, however, that the nobUity and council of Scotland, who have embraced the gospel, have unanimouslY and resolutely determined to take upon themselves the de fence of religion and the comraonwealth. We are in daily expectation of raore certain intelligence. We have lately had news from Spain, that the Moors, or Moriscoes, have de feated the royal army with great slaughter, and taken the camp. Alva has a fleet in readiness, but its destination is unknown. Some think that he is about to send aid to Spain ; others suspect that he 'will land an army in Scotland ; nor are there wanting those who imagine that he is meditating some attempt against ourselves. We ai-e therefore sending out a fleet thoroughly prepared for any thing that may happen, to observe his movements. I am writing this account both of ourselves and our neighbours more fully, that 1 may in some measure raake amends for my long sUence. The bishops of Winchester, stUl expected she might enjoy her own in quiet; but Murray, giring it away to one of his favourites, sent officers to take possession of her house, who tumed her out into the fields, and treated her with such inhumanity, that she became ra'ving mad. From that moment her husband resolved to revenge himself by the murder of the regent. See Carte's History of England, and Robertson's History of Scotland, who says that HamUton owed his life to the Regent's clemency.] P In a letter from lord Hunsdon to lord Burghley, dated Berwick, Aug. 24, 1675, the writer says, " The regent's dealings in many thyngs are gi-eatly mislyked withall by the most part of the nobylytie of his owne faction, but chiefely for one matter, whych is, for that he hathe of late, (as it is credibly reported, and I thynk is very trew,) taken a secret submission of the lorde of Arbrothe, by deUvering to the regent hys sworde with the hylt forwarde, the poynt in his hande, being knowne to be the pryncipall procurer of the kylUng of th' erle of Murrey; for the harquebuss that kyld him was hys, the horso the murderer fled upon was hys, and he receivyd hym into Hamr belton, and sent hym into France." MS. Cott. Calig. c. v. 37. This enterprise thus appears to have been connected with the same plots as had produced the rebeUion of the two northern earls. See Wright's Queen ; Elizabeth and her Times. VoL i. p. 358. Note.] 220 BISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. Norwich, Durham, and Salisbury, are aU in good health, as are also Humphrey, Sampson, and Foxe. I coraraunicated your letter yesterday to Sampson and Foxe, who respectfully salute you in return. Salute your coUeagues in my name. Commend, I entreat you, me and my rainistry to the Lord in your prayers. I pray our heavenly Father to give his choicest blessing to you aU, and to your labours which you daily undergo. May the Lord Jesus long preserve your piety safe both to us and to his church! London, Feb. 18, 1569. Your most devoted in the Lord, EDM. LONDON. LETTER LXXXVIII. BISHOP COX TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ely, July 10, 1570. I RETURN yom- salutation from my heart, ray beloved brother in Christ. Your letter dated on the 2nd of March last did not reach me tiU the 22nd of June. This is usually the case, either from the great distance between us, or from the carelessness of the couriers. I read it however, when it came, with attention and pleasure, because it announced to me that you were in the enjoyment of tolerable health, notwithstanding you are so advanced in yeai-s', and worn out by numerous labours, and weakened by [former] iUness. I wiUingly took up your books both upon Daniel and on Isaiah, (in which I occupy myself from time to time, and not with out a holy delight,) and return you many thanks for them; and aU who have any regai-d for religion acknowledge them selves much indebted to you for the same. Your German discom-ses, as soon as they reach me, I will endeavour to make out either by myseff or with the assistance of others. P BulUnger waa now in the sixty-sixth year of his age.] LXXXVIII.] BISHOP eOX TO HENRY BULLINGER. 221 But now, my Henry, since the Lord has for so many years '/ past eraployed you as his instruraent to the great advantage of his church, you must persevere in the defence of the church of Christ, as far as your age wiU allow you, even to the end of your Ufe. Many of the heads of antichrist yet remain to be cut off, which frora time to time occasion us much trouble. I wish you would in earnest use your en deavours for theu: extirpation. Antichrist, relyino- on the authority of his church and councils, contends that faith is not to be kept with heretics, that is, with those whom he judges to be such. Then he arrogates to himself the au thority of recaUing, and withdrawing, and absolving subjects from their fidelity and obedience to their princes and raa gistrates, and coramands foreign powers to invade, desolate, and destroy godly magistrates, and deprive them of every right of govemment. This has been fully confirraed during the last month by a popish^ buU introduced by stealth into this country. Lastly, there are among us sorae papists, and those not of the lowest rank, who strain every nerve that they raay be permitted to live according to their consciences, and that no account of his religion be demanded from any one. Mean whUe many iniquitous practices take place in secret, and by the bad example they afford are a sturablingblock to the godly. If you wiU turn your attention to these three points, you wiU do a very acceptable service to Christ and his church. The schism about the habits of the clergy is still increasing, I grieve to say, among men of a purer character. May God at length grant that we may aU of us think the same things ! The Lord Jesus preserve you and yours, with your il lustrious state ! Let us rejoice in the Lord, and aid each other by our mutual prayers. From my Tusculum at Ely, 10 July, 1570. Your brother in Christ, EICH. COX, [bishop] of Ely. P This year Pius V. caused a buU to be pubUcly set up in London against the queen; which was daringly done by one Felton, upon tho bishop of London's palace. Strype, Annals, i. ii. 354. The bull is given at length by Camden, Eliz. p. 146, and was printed with obser vations and animadversions upon it in English.] 222 BISHOP PILKINGTON [lET. LETTER LXXXIX. BISHOP PILKINGTON TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated July 17, 1570. Your letter, my reverend father in Christ Jesus, dated on the 2nd of March, and rebuking me for not havmg wx-itten to you of so long a time, I received on the 29th of .Tune. Go on then as you have begun; instigate me, rouse me up, and at length you wiU at least extort somethmg. " Better are the wounds of a friend, &c." [Prov. xxvii. 6.] I am a dUatory and unfrequent correspondent ; but I have not cast off aU shame, nor has my remembrance of you become so cold, but that I can truly say of your happy Zurich what the psalmist speaks conceming Jerusalem : " If I do not remember thee, Jerusalem, above my chief joy, let my right hand forget her cunning.'" [Psal. cxxxrii. 6, fee] Your prudence has heard, although but lately, as you teU me, concerning those distm-bances which have so sharply and suddenly burst upon us ; and likevrise, how happUy they have been queUed, — I wish I could say entirely extinguished. I informed you in my last letter that the Queen of Scots had fled over to us, and I compared our situation with that of the people of Lais'. I feared lest that should happen to us which occurred to them; and my feai-s have been realized'. The earls of Northuraberland and Westmoreland, between whom I reside, having planned a rebeUion, roused us from our slumbers, and as long as they could, persecuted us with the greatest harshness. They offered all raanner of riolence to reUgion and all its rainisters. But the Lord has delivered us all from the mouths of the lions, uninjured indeed in our persons, although stripped of all our fortunes and plundered of our property. You perhaps wonder how this has hap pened. The world caimot bear two suns ; rauch less can the kingdom endure two queens or two religions. Our Lou- P Judg. xvUi.] P See p. 213.] LXXXIX.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 223 vaine friends obtained bulls from the pope, that they might absolve the people from the allegiance due to the queen's majesty; those who would no longer attend om- chureh and liturgy were to be reconciled to theu- synagogue, and those who would submit themselves to them were to obtain pardon of all their sins, without even purgatory. These impieties are so deeply settled in the minds of many, that I am in doubt whether they will ever be eradicated. Sorae persons are detained in prison for these things; many have absconded; but the greater nuraber are lying in concealment, eagerly expecting an occasion of fresh disturbances. Some of the nobility joined themselves to thera: but our good Lord dis appointed aU of them of theu- hope, and hath preserved our Elizabeth to us, and long wiU preserve her, as all good men both hope and desire. Northumberland, having fled into Scotland, is there kept in prison, with some others of the same faction ; Westmoreland" is wandering about in exile in the same country with a few others like himself. Others, convicted by their own consciences, have sought refuge in Flanders, "with a view of obtaining assistance. But the Lord wiU not be wanting to his people. James, the guardian of the king of Scotland, and regent of the kingdom, has been murdered" by the treachery of a certain Scotsman whom he had saved from execution. This is a great grief to many good persons ; for he was a good man towards all, and one who feared God. The better part of the Scots side with our queen; the rest we are pursuing with fire and sword. I am, by the blessing of God, restored to my flock" ; and though the minds of all are not so settled as I could wish, there is, notwithstanding, both here and in Scotland quite liberty enough both for the administration of the laws and for religion. The Lord will give [us] yet better things [in answer] to your prayers. The bishop of London is now P "The lord regent had lyked to have gotten betrayed the earle of Westmoreland, at a place called Blood-lanes; it is the lord of Ferny- hurst's ; bnt he got knowledge, and so escaped that end." AUayn King to Sir Henry Percy. MS. Cott. Calig. b. ix. 400.] P See p. 218.] P The bishop, it seems, had been required by the queen to retum to his diocese, from which he had been absent in Lond'on during the rebel lion. See above, note 2, p. 21S.] 22i BISHOP PILKINGTON TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. made archbishop of York, and my neighbour; at which I rejoice exceedingly. Thomas Lever, as soon as he coraes to London, wUl make a coUection in behalf of our good landlady, and 'wUl send it over. I should now send it myself, if I knew in what way it could be forwarded ; but since our good friend Abel, who was our general messenger, has been so long dead, I do not even know how this letter wiU reach you. FareweU, my master, with aU your fellow-ministers. Pros perity to Zurich ! July 17, 1570. Yours in Christ, JAMES PILKINGTON. LETTER XC. ARCHBISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Losdon, July 31, 1570. Health in Christ. I have received your discourses written in German, for which I thank you. I am stiU sufficiently conversant, with Gerraan writing; for I laboured hard to learn your language ; but I have lost the habit of conversing in it. I transmitted the pension of Julius Santerentianus to Richard HiUes a month ago, that he might take care it should be paid to Froschover at the next Frankfort fmr. I hope you received the letter which I sent at the last spring fair. Since then it has seeraed good to our raost gracious queen to translate' rae from this city to the see of York, where things are not yet properly settled''. In p He was translated May 1st, 1670, and instaUed by proxy June the 9th. Strype, Grindal, 239.] [^ Archbishop Parker told Secretary Cecil, that my lord of London would be very fit for York, "who were, as he styled them, a heady and stout people : witty, but yet able to be dealt with by good governance, as long as laws could be executed, and men backed." Strype, Grindal, 234.] xc] ARCHBISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. 225 the counties of York and Durham there arose, as I lately wrote you word, last winter a rebeUion of the nobles and the peasantry for the purpose of restoring the papacy. Not withstanding many executions^ took place, I am informed that the feelings of the people are much exasperated, and panting for renewed disturbances. What therefore may await me there, I cannot teU. But if new tumults should arise in that quarter, it is impossible but that both myself and my very dear brother Pilkington, the bishop of Durham, must be in the greatest danger. But these things do not move me ; the wiU of the Lord be done ! However, I tell you of them, that you may commend both us and our mi nistry more earnestly to the Lord in your prayers. When I was writing the above, I was almost on the point of setting off on my journey to York, so that I could not at this time write to you more at length. Our affairs, through the niercy of God, are tolerably quiet. Our army' entered Scotland at the beginning of last May, under the command of the Earl of Sussex, with the view of reducing the rebels and those who harboured them in Scotland. Our troops destroyed within a few days fifty castles in Scotland by means of gunpowder, and burned three hundred vUlages without any resistance. Scotland is now sufiiciently tranquil. But this is probably owing to our queen, who is keeping an army on the borders ; for otherwise the party of the queen of Scotland, who is stUl in our custody, seem as if they would P Three-score and six petty constables and others were hanged for a terrour at Durham, among whom the man of most note was one Plum- tree, a priest. At York were executed Simon Digby, J. Fulthorp, Thomas Bishop, Robert Peneman; and at London, some few months after, Christopher and Thomas Norton; and some others elsewhere. Camden's Elizabeth, p. 135.] P In the midst of April, Sussex, with the lord Hunsdon, Drury marshal of Berwick, and an English army, entered into Scotland, fired the towns and villages of Buccleugh and the Kerrs all over Teviotdale, spoiled their fields, and demolished FernUiurst and Craling, two castles of Thomas Kerr's. On the other side, Henry lord Scroop entered at the very same time into the west March of Scotland, and wasted far and wide all over Annandale the territories of Johnston and others which had harboured the English rebels. At this time were burnt 300 vUlages, and about 50 castles razed. Camden. EUz. p. 141. See also Strype, An nals, I. ii. 358.] 15 226 ARCHBISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. [leT. be plotting sorae new disturbance. The king's party now prevaU, and have chosen the Earl of Lenox, grandfather of the young king, to be regent. He has taken upon himself the defence of religion and of the king. York is 160 of our mUes distant from this city. I shaU not, therefore, be able to send letters to you so conveniently as I have been used to do. I will write, however, from tirae to time, even though you should be longer in receiring them ; and I shaU anxiously expect to hear from you. May the Lord Jesus preserve your piety in safety to me and to his church, my very reverend and dear brother in the Lord ! London, July 31, 1570. Yours in Christ, EDMUND EBOE. Greet, I pray you, your colleagues in my name, and especiaUy master Rodolph Gualter. LETTER XCI. BISHOP JOHN JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated Aug. 7, 1570. Much health in Chi-ist. Your letter, ray much esteemed father and master in Chi-ist, was most gratifying to me, both as coming from you to whom alone I owe every thing, and also as seeming somewhat angry and complaining, and claim ing from me the pei-formance of my duty [of writing.] I confess my fault, and beg for pardon ; for it is much better to do this, than to stand upon one's defence, though I doubt not of my being able to defend myself, even before the most severe judge. For in the first place, I am at a great distance from London : in the next place, John Abel, the mutual agent of our correspondence, has departed this Ufe : lastly, the dis orders in the Low Countries have for some years thrown so XCI.] BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. 227 I many obstacles in the way of traveUing, that neither our raerchants can pass over to Antwerp, nor the Antwerp mer chants to us. And then, our letters are often left on the road, often carried to other places, often come back, and are often lost. And what is to become of the one I am now writing, it is impossible to teU. This reason certainly raakes rae write to you both less frequently, and more sparingly and cautiously, than I could wish. I rejoice, however, that your affairs are in the condition you mention. May God send you help from his holy place, and aid you out of Sion ! For there are enemies gaping upon you at this time, not less numerous or ferocious than upon ourselves. For antichrist seems now to have ventured his last cast, and to have thrown the world into confusion by seditions, tumults, wars, fury, fire and flame. He perceives that it is now all over with hira, and that destruction and death are impending over him and his party; so that his wretched object now is, not to perish ignobly or obscurely. Let the remembrance of thera perish then with a noise. That vague ruraour which was generally reported among you, respecting a change in our circumstances, was altogether unfounded. For both our queen, by the blessing of our gobd and gracious God, still holds the government, and religion is in the same state as heretofore, and as we wish it to be. Our papists, however, by the persuasion and influence of pope Pius, have endeavoured to regain their power. But blessed be om- God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Ohrist, that while they seek to destroy others, they perish themselves. fjXyvo of our nobility' indeed, young and fooUsh and dissolute, who cared more for dice than for religion, raised, towards the end of last autumn, some thousands of peasantry in the remotest parts of England. And relying on their numbers, these silly men were bold enough to publish a proclamation^ P The earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland, see p. 213. and note 1, p. 247. This rising gave occasion to the horaUy against wilful rebellion. Strype, Annals, i. ii. 322.] P The two earls set forth a -writing, wherein they declared, lhat they had not taken arms with any other intent, than that the religion of their- forefathers might be restored,' corrupt counsellors removed from the queen; the duke, and other faithful lords, that were put from their rank and degree, restored to Uberty and grace ; and that they attempted 16—2 228 BISHOP JEWEL [let. to the effect that they intended to remove sorae persons, I know not whom, (for they mentioned no names,) from the sacred council of the queen, and to restore the old religion. What more? Without delay altars are erected in their camp; the holy bibles are committed to the flames', and masses are performed. After some weeks the earl of Sussex, a good and active man, and of great discretion, was sent against them at the head of a handful of troops. They began graduaUy to disperse and retreat, while Sussex was skilfully and reso lutely pursuing them, and pressing upon their rear. At last the wretches, when they perceived the enemy hanging over them, being utterly unskiUed in action, and men who had never seen an enemy before, were afraid of trying the fortune of war ;¦ and struck with the consciousness of their crime, mad and blind, they leave the army without a leader, and quitting the camp secretly by night, with only a few adherents, take refuge in Scotland. Here then you have the history of our affairs, which I cannot even call to mind without a blush ; for I am ashamed that men of such ignorance and foUy should have been found in EnglandT] Our queen demands through her ambassador the rebels "from Scotland, where there are at this time two parties ; one of which cherish the pure religion and the gospel, and depend upon us; the other are enemies to godliness, and friendly to popery, and are incUned towards the French. The leader of these is the duke of Hamilton, a raan, they say, much more influential in name than in counsel. The states are assembled, the deliberation is begun, our party are of opinion that the rebels should be given up ; the Hamilton party raaintain the contrary, and at length are successful. Our people, irapatient of the offence, arm troops and march into the very midst of Scotland without any oppo sition, and lay waste, after an enemy's fashion, the castles and- towns belonging to the duke of Harailton. But those notable enemies of ours above raentioned, when they could no longer keep themselves in Scotland, fled over into Flanders, where nothing against the queen, to whom they o'wned themselves now and •ever to be dutiful and faithful subjects. Camden's Eliz. p. 134. See also a letter from Sir G. Bowes to the earl of Sussex, in Wright's Eliza beth and her Times, vol. i. p. 333, from the MS. Cott. CaUg. b. ix. 351.] P Scc p. 214.] XCI. J TO HENRY BULLINGER. 229 they are now remaining with the duke of Alva, and are making all the disturbance in their power. The most holy father has occasioned us all these disorders. For in his hoUness and wisdom he secretly sent to his friends in England a bull (shaU I call it a golden or a leaden one?) of great importance. It was for some raonths carried about in obscurity and confined to a few. The good father declared that EUzabeth was not queen of England, for that her institutions did not please him ; and he therefore ordered that none should acknowledge her as queen, or obey her in that character. Who soever should act otherwise, he devoted to aU the furies, and delivered to destraction. 0 holy see ! Thus it was, forsooth, that Peter used to act of old ! There were some, however, to whom on other accounts these decrees seeraed holy; others were not so flexible to every nod of the pope, and had not so learned the gospel. I send you a copy of this most offensive and empty bull, that you may understand with what solemn impudence the beast is now raging. Within these few days new disorders have arisen in Norfolk^. But then- authors were forthwith apprehended at the very outset, and thrown into prison. The queen of Scots, an exile from her country, is, as you know, here in custody ; with sufficient honour indeed, yet so as that she cannot raise any disturbances. This is she to whom pope Pius not only freely proraises Scotland, but England Ukewise; for he hopes that a woman, a catholic, a murderer of her husband, and an adulteress, wiU have great influence in the restoration of popery! We ai-e preparing a fleet, and have troops in readiness. Our church in other respects, by the blessing of God, is quiet. Dr Grindal is made archbishop of York, and Dr Sandys, who was heretofore bishop of Worcester, is now translated to London. Parkhurst, [bishop] of Norwich, is alive and well ; but I have not seen P The object of this rebelUon was, to set the queen of Scots at liberty; to rescue the duke of Norfolk, who was a prisoner for Ustening to a match with that queen ; Ukewise to seize the persons of the lord keeper, the earl of Leicester, and secretary CecU, persons near about tke queen, and to make insults upon the poor protestant sti^angers, and drive them out of the land ; and finaUy to bring in the duke of Abra. from Flanders to invade England. Four were condemned flag; high treason, and two more to perpetual imprisonment. Strype, Atm^ I. U. 364.] 230 BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. him these six years. May God preserve you very long for the advancement of his gospel and of his church ! Salute in my name masters Gualter, Simler, Lavater, Zuinglius, Wickius, Haller, and your BuUingers, whom I love in the Lord. On my journey: for I am now visiting my diocese. Aug. 7, 1570. Yours in Christ, JO. JEWEL, bishop of Salisbury, LETTER XCIL JAMES LEITH TO HENRY BULLINGER. Bated at Geneva, Nov. 18, [1570]. Since, most learned sir, my master [Sir] Henry Denny has not yet written to you, although on the 19th of May, whfle he was enjoying your most agreeable society at Zurich, he promised you of his o'wn accord, that in case he should learn any news when at Geneva which might seem worthy of being related, he would coraraunicate it to you ; you must know that he has been prevented from performing his pro mise by his sudden departm-e from this place. For when he went from Geneva to Lyons abput three months since, being obliged by some private business of his own, and not in the least expecting but that he should return, lo ! he heard there of some unforeseen occurrences, which required his immediate presence in England. But when, making aU the haste he could, he had almost reached Calais, and was at most within haff a day's journey of that port, he oppor tunely met on the road, as if dropped from heaven, that most accomplished man Sir Francis Walsingham, his cousin- german, who was then sent' ambassador from her raost se- P In Aug. 1670. ,See Strype, Annals ii. i. 19. who says, "the chief dnd main of his business was for the sake of the reformed reUgion, and fen- an accord between that king and the protestant prmces, riz. the prince of Navarre, the prince of Conde, and the admiral."] XCII.] JAMES LEITH TO HENRY BULLINGER. 231 rene highness queen EUzabeth to king Charles, with con gratulations upon the recent peace ; and being now appointed successor to Sir Henry Norris, he is discharging the duties of a resident ambassador at the court of France. Having ascertained from hira the whole state of affau-s both at horae and abroad, and being thus relieved from great anxiety and distress of mind, he returned with him to Paris, where he intended, by God's blessing, to pass the winter vrith him in the sarae house. He has therefore written to me from Paris, within these few days, desiring me, among Other things, to make you acquainted with these circumstances as soon as I possibly could, by letter in his name, that he might thus acquit himself of his promise ; and also, that I should declare the continuance of his affectionate regard for you, which inclines him to do any thing for yom- sake that may Ue in his power, and that you may wish for, and this in deeds rather than in words ; and especially, that I should return you equal, that is, the greatest possible thanks for that exceeding courtesy which you exhibited towards him. He adds moreover, that if my assistance can in any way be of use to you, (and I am lodging in the coUege of Geneva, with master Portus, the professor of Greek,) I must both offer it by letter, and am to bestow the same attention and care upon any affairs of yours, which you may commit to my manage ment, as I should upon his own. And this I do most wil lingly, not only, as. I ought, for the sake of my raaster, who, I perceive, desires this, but also for your own sake, whora I so much admire and reverence for those noble gifts of God and exceUent quaUties with which, so to speak, you shine as a star of the first magnitude in the church of God. Bid me therefore, command me, order me : you will find me ready in every thing to obey your wishes; and, in case 1 should be unable to effect any thing by prudence, industry and ex ertion, I wiU not at least be wanting to its accomplishment by my activity, diUgence, and fidelity. Nothing therefore now remains, but that I await your commands, although I may not perhaps satisfy your expectation. But I had almost forgotten to salute you in my master's name, as he especially commanded me; but I dare not tell you in what terms. . For if I should say that he ordered me 232 JAMES LEITH TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. to salute you, that word diligently might occasion a prejudice against me, inasmuch as you might well doubt of my diligence in the management of your affairs, who have shewn such want of diligence in sending you this message of salutation, by throwing it into the end of my letter, wherein it should have occupied an early place. Wherefore you are the raore to be entreated by me, to salute from myself master •Julius the Martyritian' (for I know not what other name he has), who is employing hiraself in correcting Froschover's press. You see how one degree of impudence leads on to another, in that I, a poor mean fellow as I am, ara so acting to wards a raan of your quality, as to presume to impose any burden upon you; and this too, before I have received any commission to execute for you, who have the right of pre scribing to and commanding me. But I Imow the kindness of raaster BuUinger, to whom I coraraend myself, and hun to Christ. Farewell, most reverend sir. Geneva, Nov. 18, [1570.] Yours truly from my heart, JAMES LEITH, Anglus. LETTER XCIII. BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Norwich, Jan. 16, 1571. Hail, my BulUnger. The death of Abel, to whom alone I was accustomed to entrust my letters, and whatever other' things I had to send, has been the reason of my writing to you less frequently. For he was a most faithful friend, and I cannot teU where I sliaU be able to find such another. But the Lord, I trust, wiU raise me up one like him, and whp may P This name given to Julius Santerentianus, from his having been the attendant of Peter Martyr, affords an incidental proof of the estima tion in which the lotter was held by his contemporaries.] XCIII.j BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 233 in future supply his place. Norwich is nearly a hundred mUes from London, which I am not in the habit of visiting, unless when summoned to parliament, which wUl be the case this winter. I must there seek out some trustworthy person, who vriU undertake that my letters shall be safely delivered to you. Our merchants are not over fond of going either to Flanders or Spain. For they fear the Spanish inquisition more than that of the devil, which neither spares its own subjects nor strangers. Grindal, late bishop of London, is made archbishop of York. Sandys, bishop of Worcester, is translated to London. About the beginning of November great inundations of the sea occasioned extensive mischief in many parts of England ; nor did ray diocese escape with impunity in Norfolk and Suffolk. Flanders was injured raore than any other country. The ground here has been for some weeks buried in deep snow, such as I never saw before, and still continues to be so. There is not a spot of green any where. A murrain is apprehended among the cattle through want of food. My wife has been iU from the beginning of November to the present time, and is not yet recovered. Should I be able to ascertain that these my letters have reached you in safety, I will endeavour to write more frequently. But the death of Abel, the disturbances in Belgium, and spies in every quarter, have hitherto retarded in great measure every attempt. I wish aU happiness to yom- chief magistrates, the council, the ministers of the word, the citizens, and the whole state of Zurich. Farewell aU of you in the Lord. And I bid you again fareweU, raost agreeable BuUinger. My invaUd salutes you aU. In haste. Norwich, Jan. 16, 1571. Yours frora my heart, JOHN PAEKHURST, N. 234 BISHOP cox [let. LETTER XCIV. BISHOP COX TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Ely, Feb. 12, 1571. The copy of the letter, most learned Gualter, and very dear brother in Christ, which you wrote to the Bishop of Norwich, was forwarded to me very late, namely in September, 1570. It treats in a cmsory manner of some ceremonies of reUgion in England, and of some of our brethren who disapprove of them. We are persuaded that you are one who entertain a pious and sincere regard for us, and for that pure reUgion of Christ which we profess. I wish indeed you had not lent so ready an ear to a few of our somewhat factious brethren. And it were to be desired that a man of your piety had not so freely given an opinion, before you had fuUy understood the rise and progress of our restoration of religion in England. There was forraerly published by command of King Edward pf pious memory, and with the advice and opinion of those exceUent men, master Bucer\ and master Peter Martyr, then residing in England, a book of common prayer" and sacraments P After Bucer's perusal of the book, he gave this judgment in general: "that in the description ofthe communion and daUy prayers, he saw, nothing enjoined in the book but what was agreeable to the word pf God, either in word, as in the Psalms and lessons; or in sense, as the coUects. Also, that the manner of their lessons and prayers, and the times of using them, were constituted very agi-eeable both with God's word, and the observation of the ancient churches; and therefore that that book ought to be retained and vindicated with the greatest strict ness." Strype, Life of Cranmer, 300. Peter JNIartyr's opinions upon the Liturgy coincided in all respects with those of his friend Bucer. The particular animadversions they both made upon it may be found in Soames's Hist, of the Reformation, Vol. iii. chap. 6. See also Bucer, Scripta AngUcana.] P A committee of bishops and other learned divines, of whom Dr Cox, then dean of Christ Church, was one, was appointed in 1547, the first of King Edward VI. to compose " an uniform order of com munion, according to the rules of Scripture, and the use of the primitive church." And the same persons, in the following year, being empowered by a new commission, in a few months' time finished the wliole Liturgy, XCIV. J TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 235 for the use of the church of England. But now, as soon as our iUustrious queen Elizabeth had succeeded to the kingdom, she restored this holy little book" to the church of England, with the highest sanction of the whole kingdom. At that time no office or function of religion was committed to us who now preside over the churches ; but when we were caUed to the rainistry of the churches, we embraced that book Arith open arms, and not without thanks to God who had preserved for us such a treasure, and restored it to us in safety. For we know that this book ordains nothing contrary to the word of God. It will not be foreign to the subject to state what master Peter Martyr of pious memoi-y wrote to us when exiles at Frankfort. " I find nothing," he says, speaking of this book, "in that book contrary to godliness. We know that sorae con tentious men have cavilled at and calumniated it. Such persons ought rather to have remembered that our Lord is not a God of contention, but of peace." Had you been aware of these circumstances, master Gualter, you would not have been so alarmed, as you say you are, lest after the iraposition of the habits some greater evU might ensue. The statements indeed, which are whispered in your ears by the contentious, are most absurd : for instance, that besides the habits many other things are to be obtruded on the church ; and that there are some who make an improper use of the name of the queen ; and moreover, that the ministers who refuse to subscribe to the injunctions of certain individuals, are to be turned out of the which was then set forth "by the common agreement and full assent both of the ParUament and convocations provincial," and is frequently called the first book of Edward VI. But about the beginning of 1661, some exceptions were taken at some things in this book, whereupon Archbishop Cranmer proposed to review it ; and to tliis end caUed in the assistance of Martin Bucer and Peter Martyr, who had Latin versions prepared for them, and the book thus revised and altered was again confirmed ia ParUament in 1551. It is frequently called the second hook of Edward VI. and is very nearly the same with that which we now use. See Bp. Mant's Introduction to his edition of the Book of Common Ppayer. Strype, Mem. u. i. 133 &c. Life of Cranmer, 381.] P The differences between the Book of Prayers of King Edward and queen EUzabeth are few and unimportant. They are stated by Soames, Hist, of Reformation, iv. 674, and Strype, Annals, i. i. 123. See also Bp. Mant's. Introduction aa: above, p. ui. and KeeUng, Liturgies Britanniats.^ 236 BISHOP cox [let, churches : just as if there were any persons in England who would dare to frarae laws by their private authority, and propound them for the obedience of their brethren. But this is not only false, but injurious both to the queen and the ministers of the word, to wit, that we humour her royal highness, and make her more decided in ordering every thing according to her ovvn pleasure. But far be any one from suspecting any thing of the kind in so godly and reUgious a personage, who has always been so exceedingly scrupulous in deviating even in the slightest degree from the laws pre scribed. Moreover, she is in the habit of listening with the greatest patience to bitter and sufficiently cutting discourses. Again, far be it that the ministers of the word should be said to have fouUy degenerated into base flattery. We indeed do not as yet know of any one who has abused either yom- authority, Gualter, or that of any godly fathers, in approval of the popish dress, which we seriously reject and condemn equally with themselves. Nor is it true that we have obtruded any thing upon our brethren out of the pope's kitchen. The surplice was used in the church of Christ long before the introduction of popery. But these things are proposed by us as having been sanctioned by the laws, not as the papists abused them to superstition, but only for distinction, tliat order and decency may be preserved in the ministry of the word and sacraments. And neither good pastors nor pious laymen are offended at these things. You seem to take it iU that the bishops were appointed to the management of these matters. Nay, you seem to insinuate, from the parable of Christ, (Matt. xxiv. 49,) that we are perfidious, drunken, and smiters of om- feUow-servants ; as if we approved the figments of the supei-stitious courtiers, and treated the godly ministers with severity, and exhibited ourselves as the ministers of intemperate rashness. You thought that we should defend the cause of such ministers. These imputations are very hard, and very far from the trath. Has not the management and consei-vation of ecclo' siastical rites, from the very origin of a weU-constituted church, been at all times under the especial controul of bishops ? Have not the despisers and violators of such rites been rebuked and brought into order by the bishops? Let the practice of the xciv.] TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 237 holy church be referred to, and it wiU be evident that this is ihe truth. And it would certainly be most unjust to number those who , now discharge the episcopal office, among the perfidious or the drunken. You candidly and traly confess, master Gualter, that there are some among those brethren who are a Uttle morose ; and you niight add too, obstreperous, con tentious, rending asunder the unity of a well-constituted church, and everywhere handing up and down araong the people a form of divine worship concocted out of their own heads ; that book, in the mean time, composed by godly fathers, and set forth by lawful authority, being altogether despised and trodden under foot. In addition to this, they inveigh in their sermons, which are of too popular a character, against the popish filth and the monstrous habits, which, they exclaim, are the ministers of impiety and eternal damnation. Nothing moves them, neither the authority of the state, nor of our church, nor of her most serene majesty, nor of brotherly warning, nor of pious exhor tation. Neither have they any regard to our weaker brethren, who are hitherto smoking like flax, but endeavour dangerously to inflame their minds. These our brethren wiU not allow us to imitate the prudence of Paul, who became all things to aU men, that he might gain some. Your advice, and that especially of the reverend fathers Martin Bucer, Peter Martyr, and Henry BulUnger, can haye no weight with these men. We are undeservedly branded with the accusation of not having performed our duty, because we do not defend the cause of those whom we regard as disturbers of peace and religion ; and who by the vehemence of their harangues have so maddened the wretched raultitude, and driven sorae of theni to that pitch of frenzy, that they now obstinately refuse to enter our chm-ches, either to baptize their children, or to partake of the Lord's supper, or to hear sermons. They are entirely separated both from us and from those good brethren of ours ; they seek bye paths ; they establish a private religion, and assemble in private houses, and there perform their sacred rites, as the Donatists of old, and the Anabaptists now ; and as also our papists, who run up and down the cities, that they may somewhere or other hear mass in private. This indeed is too disgusting, to connect our queen with the pope. Let the pope be sent where he deserves. We must render an 238 BISHOP cox TO RODOLPH GUALTER. [lET. account of our function to the queen, as chief magistrate, who does not require any thing that is unreasonable, and also before God. These few things I had, my beloved brother, to notice in your letter, that henceforth you may not believe every spirit ; and that, since God has endowed you with so much learning and piety, you may have regard to your own reputation. These remarks, proceeding from a candid mind, I do not doubt but that you wUl take vrith kindness and in good part. FareweU in Christ. From the Isle of Ely m England, Feb. 12, 1 571. Your brother in Christ, EICHAED COX, bishop of Ely. LETTER XCV. BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Salisbury, March 2, 1571. Much health in Christ. I wrote to you, most accomplished su-, and much esteemed father in Christ, towards the beginning of Septeraber, and at some length, concerning the general posture of our affairs. I know not what has become of that letter ; for it often happens in these turbulent tiraes that our poor innocent letters are either destroyed or lost on tiie road. Should I hear that it has reached you in safety, I shall be more encouraged to write in future. Our churches are now, by the blessing of God, in peace. The most holy father has endeavoured to create confusion by every means in his power. He sent over, to us by stealth his most senseless buU', by "vvhich he would deprive queen P See p. 229.] XCV.j BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. 239 Elizabeth of the government of the state, and Christ of his Idngdom. I sent a copy of it to you at the last fair, that you might know with what solemnity that old and foolish man is raving. AU his secret counsels have been so ably detected, and skilfuUy and opportunely counteracted by those who hold the helm of government, that they are now perceived even by children. Those wretched and infatuated rebels, who, eighteen months since, began to raise disorders in the county of Dm-ham^ are now utterly defeated, and exUes in Flanders. Our friends at Louvaine have not written any thing for two years. The queen of Scotland is still kept here, as you are aware, in a free custody, honourably, and with almost a royal attendance ; but stiU she is in custody, which she bears with impatience and indignation, and coraplains that she is unjustly dealt with. You well know the spirit and disposition of the Guises. They say that the brother of the king of France is courting her for his wife. The affairs of Scotland, meanwhile, are under the direction of those who profess the gospel. That intercourse, which formerly existed between us and the people of Antwerp, haring been violated some years since by their injustice and breach of faith, cannot as yet be renewed. In Spain the Moors are increasing in number, strength, and victories ; Philip is growing weaker every day. But what can I teU you about the affairs of Cyprus' and Venice? The Turk, they say, is now hovering upon Italy. He wiU at least bridle the ferocity of antichrist ; for the sovereigns of Christendom, though so often warned, pay no attention. Our queen Elizabeth hath summoned the peers, and proclg,imed a par- P See p. 213.] P In a letter to the countess of Shrewsbury, dated London, Aug. 31, 1670, the unknown writer says : " It is written, by letters of the 28th of the last, from Venice, that the Turke hath landed in Ciprus a hundred thousand men or moo ; and hathe besieged the two great cities within that kingdome, Nicosia and Famagosta .... The Turke hath sent an other army by land against the Venetians, into Dallmatia, and are besieging of Zora with 20,000 footmen and 20,000 horsemen ; . , . . and it is written that the Turke's severall armies be above 200,000 men against the Venetians .... A man may see what accompte is to be made of these worldly thinges, as to see in a small tyme the thirde state of Christendome in security, power, and wel the, to be in danger of utter overthrowe in one yere." Shrewsbury Papers, Lodge.] 240 BISHOP JEWEL TO HENRY BULLINGER. [^LET. liament' for the 2nd of April, which I hope wiU be for the prosperity and welfare both of church and state. There, at length, I hope to see our friend Parkhurst, whom I have not seen of seven whole years. Walter Haddon", a pious and eloquent man, has departed this Ufe. Grindal [archbishop] of York, Sandys [bishop] of London, Horn of Winchester, are a great way from me, each on his watch-tower. AU of them, however, desire your welfare, and send their respects. I owe my friend Julius forty French crowns, being his pension for the two past years. I have desu-ed hun by letter once or twice to let me know to whom he wishes me to pay them. The money is forthcoming, as soon as there is any one to receive it. If he does not choose to write, he must not accuse me of not keeping my promise, for it is altogether his own fault. FareweU, my father, and much-esteemed master in Christ. May the Lord Jesus very long preserve you in safety to his church ! Salisbury, March 2, 1571. Yours in Christ, JOHN JEWEL, bishop of SaUsbury. P For the proceedings of this Parliament, see Strj^e, Annals, u. i. 90.] P Walter Haddon was esteemed one of the most leamed and reUgious men of these times. He was raaster of requests to queen EUzabeth, and employed by her in many foreign embassies. Of him it was that, when asked whether she preferred him or Buchanan for learning, she replied, Buchananum omnibus antepono, Haddonum nemini postpono. See Strype, Parker, ii. 146. Burgon's Lifo of Sir Thomas Gresham, ii. 67-] XCVI.] RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. 2'41 LETTER XCVI. RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at LoNnoN, July 27, 1571. Much health in the Lord. I wrote a letter to you, very reverend Sir, on the Sth of March, which my son Barnabas, as he afterwards informed me, transmitted to you by Christopher Froschover, at the last Frankfort fair. You have received it, I hope, before this time; and would learn from it that your last copious letter of the raonth of August in the past year has long since reached rae. I have only, however, received this day your raost gratifying letter from Zurich, of the 25th of Februai-y in this present year, together with your three letters addressed to the reverend the bishops of York, Ely, and Salisbury; and also the three copies in manuscript, of which you write in the letter above mentioned ; aU of which I wiU take care shaU be faithfully delivered to the bishops to whom you have directed them. I certainly much wonder where they have been so long delayed in their joumey : but I am very glad to have received them even now ; and I have to thank you also for your present of a book printed in German, entitled, A promised Answer to the Testament of John Brentius, «fec. Of this I have received two copies, besides five books printed in Latin, and three letters, viz. one to the bishop of London, another to the bishop of Durham, and the third to Henry Butler, together with the three manuscript copies above-mentioned; which letters, as weU as aU the aforesaid seven printed books, I wiU take care shaU be delivered as soon as possible, to the persons to whom in your letter you desired them to be sent' This cloth I make you a present of; and I pray God that you may long enjoy it, though it is not very likely that you wiU : for Jerome says most truly, quoting some phUosopher or poet. The young may die soon, but the old cannot live long. P A paragraph respecting some cloth that BulUnger had bespoken, is here omitted. It is given m the original letter at the end of this volume.] 16 242 EICHARD HILLES [LET. That labour of yours, of which you inform me, in replying to the whole of that impudent popish buU which the Roman antichrist has vomited forth against our most serene queen, will be, without doubt, very greatly approved by the three bishops afore-mentioned, to whom you have sent those three copies ; and if they think it for the good of the kingdom, and that it 'wiU be agreeable to her most serene highness, they wiU pubUsh it. I am much grieved at your so humbly entreating me to take in good part your 'writing to me, and that you ask my pardon for so freely employing my services; for you may always employ them most freely as long as I live. By the blessing of God, before the dissolution or ending of the ParUament held at Westminster, the above-mentioned Henry Butler was here with his master, Parkhurst, bishop of Norwich, and was anxiously expecting a letter frora his mother; for, as he then told me, he had not heard from her since his arrival in England. Master doctor Mont, however, informed him in my house, that a packet of letters had been left at his house in Strasburgh, in which he thought there were some addressed to this Henry Butler. In the month of June now last past, the very leamed divine David Whitehead, who was an exile in queen Mary's time for the profession of orthodox doctrine, departed happUy in the Lord. He also lived about seven years a -widower, as you vsrite me word is now your o'wn case ; but very lately, before the middle of this year, he married a young widow when he was himself about eighty. Master Cole too, who was also at that period an exile in Germany for preaching the gospel, died about the same time of the quinsey, on the day after he was taken ill. The archdeacon of Essex, in the diocese of London, who was preferred a raonth or two before his death to the deanery of SaUsbm-y, died here at London, on the same day, as is reported, or on the day preceding that on which he had determined to go from London to Salisbury to receive induction, attended by many friends and domestics. Thus from a slight and slender thread all human things depend. And those which seem the strongest now may soonest have an end'. ' "Omnia sunt hominum tenui pendentia filo, Et subito casu quK valuere ruunt." XCVI.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 243 I have taken care, prerious to my finishing this letter, that aU the manuscript copies aforesaid, and all the other printed books, have been delivered to the right reverend bishops to whom they were addressed ; and I hope that they will shortly acknowledge the receipt of them to your worship. Farewell, my very reverend master in Christ our Saviour. London, July 27, 1571. Yours heartily, as you know, RICHARD HILLES, Anglus. P.S. July 31. Since my letter was sealed, I have seen and read your letter to the three right reverend bishops, riz. York, Ely, and Salisbury, already in print ; and the first part also of your work above-mentioned, (from the manuscript copy, I understand, which you sent to the lord bishop of Ely,) also printed. And I ara informed that some more pages of the same work ai-e also printed ; so that the whole of that manu script copy of yours will be printed and published as soon as possible. LETTER XCVII. BISHOP COX TO HENRY BULLINGER. After July 27, 1571. Your letter, my very dear brother in Christ, which however I did not receive tiU almost the end of June, was most gratifying to me. I received at the same time two littie books, the one against the Testament^ of John Brentius, a man who is gone crazy through a variety of error. To this error of his, creeping on as it was by degrees, you have seasonably closed the way. The other book is a most power- p This Testament was published at Wittenberg, for the purpose of forewarning aU states not to allow the Zuinglians a toleration.] 16—2 244 BISHOP cox [let. ful defence against that terrific buU, which however is lighter than any bubble; in which you have so mauled the author, that he has no more breath remaining in him. We are all much in your debt for having so zealously taken up the comraon cause. I wrote to you on this subject very weakly and vapidly; but one of my brethren' has treated it more fully and copiously, and has also made for you a copy of the buU itself. It was your regard for us, and your indignation at the thing, and the most ardent zeal for the truth, that extorted from your piety this attack upon it. You have hitherto lived in the most holy and devout study of the dirine word, so as to cherish and promote its progress by . every possible raeans. You were called to this from your earliest life ; you have sedulously adorned this your calUng ; and God will enable you to persevere in it even to the end of life, to the peace of your own conscience, and the raost eager expectation of all good raen. Hence it is that you always take occasion to deserve well of the christian religion, and to attack 'with severity the enenues of godliness. Hence it is, that you both seasonably interpose a remedy for the disorder occasioned by Brentius, and restrain the fury of the [papal] buU. I will most diligently take care that our queen, who is weU skilled both in Latin and Greek, may be made acquainted with your respect and courtesy towards herself, and I wiU make her to have a raost agreeable taste of your little book'. But since you refer to us the best manner of dealing with your book, we are of opinion that it should be printed, and published in the name of Hem-y Bullinger, as soon as possible ; and I wiU send you some copies by the earliest opportunity. That Henry Butler, of whom you write, has not yet called upon me. I wiU do ray best, that when he comes, he shaU have no occasion to require ray assistance. May the good P Bishop Jewel. See p. 229.] P In the month of September the Archbishop caused it to be fairly bound and sent to her, and further procured the printing of it in Latin, not without the advice of the Lord Treasurer, and had it translated and printed in English too. The Latin, printed by John Day, had this title. Bullae Papisticcs ante biennium contra sereniss. Anglice, Franciee et HibernieB Reginam Elixabetham, et contra inclytum Anglice regnum promulgates, Refutatio, orthodoxesque Reginee et universi regni Angliee Defensio Henrychi Bullingeri. Strype, Parker, ii. 78.] xcvu.] TO henry bullinger. 245 and great God preserve you, ray raost beloved brother in Christ, and that for many years, to the advantage of the church; and I pray you to commend us to God in your prayers, those of us especiaUy who are labouring in his vine yard. I write no news to you; for my brother Horn has promised to take that office upon himself. Your very dear brother in the Lord, RICHARD, bishop of Ely. LETTER XCVIIL BISHOP HORN TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Aug._% 1571. Though, my dearest BuUinger, neither love will admit of a suspicion of ingratitude, nor wUl prudence permit rashness of judgment, yet delay both .weakens the ardent expectation of a. duty that is owing, and negligence requires a serious apology for the oraission of it. But the present case wiU not admit of any accusation, inasmuch as I am neither conscious of an offence, , nor does your disposition, far from being suspicious or angry, require any apology to be raade. Since however, you raay be in doubt as to the reason [of my not writing,] you shaU be acquainted with it, lest yom- opimon of me should be shaken ; or since, perhaps, you may desire to know it, I wiU satisfy your wish, lest that opinion should be wounded. Do not however suppose that my not having replied to. your letter sent so long since arises, from a rash disregard of my duty, or a negligent forgetfulness of it; or in any way from unkindness. The reason is, that we are somewhat in confusion at home, and there is a vehement commotion on all sides of us abroad, so that the very seas, even unto the 246 BISHOP HORN [let. coast nearest to yom-selves, have been lighted up with the daUy flames of war ; whereby there has neither been afforded me any certain opportunity of writing, nor since the death of our friend Abel has any method presented itseff of forwarding a letter ; nor, if I had chosen to write, and been able to send my letter, could I have ascertained with certainty whether it had been deUvered. Now however, having met with both an opportunity and a courier, no inducement ought to be wanting to one who has been so long invited by your most affectionate letter,' and also incited by your most friendly salutations lately offered in the epistle prefixed to the pope's bull; neither could incUnation be wanting to me who have so long and earnestly desired [to write]. But I am acting as those are wont to do, who when they are so encumbered with debt as to owe much to many persons, and have not wherewith to discharge the whole, surrender their property to one or other of their creditors, to make an equal distribution among the rest ; and thus they satisfy each according to their means. In the same way, being greatly in debt not only to you, but also 'to ray friends Gualter, Simler, Zuinglius, Lavater, Wolfius, and my other beloved brethren in Christ at Zm-ich, I pay all that I have into your hands, that you may therewith satisfy both yourself and my other creditors in those quarters. You raust therefore equaUy distribute and share with them, whatever new wares I have to dispose of, from England, Scotland, France, and Flanders. I do not offer you any comraodities from Rome; for I am aware that such are be coming cheap among you, as is apparent in many ways, and especially by that most learned refutation of the pope's buU, which you sent over some time since, and which is now being printed also for general circulation. Our government has been for almost the last thi-ee years in a dangerous and dreadful state of agitation; being not only shaken abroad by the perfidious attacks of our enemies, but troubled and disturbed at home by internal commotions. Both these kinds of pestilence, as is always the case, are the brood and offspring of popery, that pernicious and accursed fury of the whole world. But our noble and excellent virgin [queen], reposing in security at home, has broken both their forces at the same time, and destroyed the one without XCVIII.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 247 difficulty, and the other without bloodshed. Every thing tm-ned out so unexpectedly as it were from above, that it seemed as though the Lord of hosts and of might had undei-taken from his heaven the cause of his gospel, and had fought, as it were, with his own hands. The winds from heaven brought us in, as if with spontaneous gales, the arms, treasures, and ships of the one ; while the report that the royal army was advancing, dismayed and scattered the soldiers, baggage, and mUitary stores of the other. Thus the one party were unconquered till they were completely routed ; the others were manifestly conquered before they had made any progress.. There were only two noble men', and those of no influence or reputation ; men, to say the least of them, of the most worthless character, and of the old P The earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland. See p. 213. In addition to the account there given, the following summary wiU be acceptable, taken from the preface to Memorials of the Rebellion of 1569. London 1840, p. xvi. xix. " The earls, after refusing to obey the queen's commands to repair to her presence, committed themselves irrevocably, by entering Durham in arms on the 14th November. For a short period they acted with vigour, and proceeded rapidly to Ripon, Wetherby, and Tadcaster, and finally they assembled on Clifford Moor. The queen of Scots was suddenly removed from Tutbury to Coventry, and the earls hesitated what course to pursue. The earl of Sussex, with Sadler and Hunsdon, felt insecure in York, which however they durst not leave on account of their inferiority in cavalry. They could not act on the offen sive, as their levies came slowly in; and they were reduced to the mortifying alternative of keeping a watchful eye on the movements of the rebels. The earl of Sussex, (now lieutenant general of the army in the north,) directed Sir George Bowes, in the event of their proceeding southwards, to join him immediately vvith the northem horsemen. "From whatever cause — whether from 'mistrusting themselves', according to HoUinshed; from 'disagreement amongst themselves', accordmg to lady Northumberland; or, more probably, from perceivmg that no response was made to their movements by the great body of the [Roman] CathoUcs of England,— the rebels suddenly retreated and re turned to the county of Durham; where, instead of pursuing vigorous measures to restore their 'moral force', and increase their numbers, they wasted their tune and strength in laying siege to Barnard castle; during whose prolonged and gaUant resistance, the army of the sonth, commanded by the lords Warwick and Clinton, arrived at Doncaster; when Sussex, thus powerfuUy supported, advanced rapidly toward the county of Durham ; and on his approach the earls, without waitmg for an attack, suddenly dismissed their infantry, and flymg with their cavalry towards Hexham, afterwards took refuge in Scotland. "Thus 248 BISHOP HORN [let. leaven, or, as they choose to caU it, the old religion; their reputation was certainly somewhat out of date. These raen, having secretly crossed the channel after these events, stiU lie hid in the parts beyond sea, and are, as is reported, miserable vagabonds, as though they were accursed and fugitive Cains. This torch afterwards kindled some sparks of sedition in other parts of the kingdom'; but by the pradence of the governraent, or rather by dirine providence, it was put out and extinguished without any dif&culty ; so that now, thanks to immortal God ! aU England is at rest, and in the enjoyraent of halcyon days. And I wish, if it had so pleased God, that I could say the sarae reaUy, or nearly at least, (verfe aut ferfe) of the church. For our church has not yet got free from those vestiarian rocks of offence, on which she at first struck. Our exceUent queen, as you know, holds the helm, and directs it hitherto according to her pleasure. But we are awaitingthe guidance of the divine Spirit, which is all we can do; and we aU daUy iraplore hira with eamestness and importunity to turn at length our sails to another quarter. MeanwhUe, however, we who stand in a more elevated situation do not act in com pUance with the importunate clamours of the multitude ; for it would be very dangerous to drag her on, against her wiU, to a point she does not yet choose to come to, as if we were wresting the helm out of her hands. But we aim at this, that although hadly hahited, we may yet be strong liearted in doing the Lord's work; and we are not so much con cerned about the fitness^ of our apparel, as about rightiy, dividing the bread of the Lord ; nor, in fine, do we deem it of so much consequence if our own coat appears unbefitting, as it is to take care that the seamless coat of the Lord be not rent asunder. There ai-e not however wanting some men of inferior rank and standing, deficient indeed both " Thus terminated an enterprise, begun without foresight, conducted 'without energy, and ending in dastardly and inglorious flight; entaUing on the famiUes of those concerned lasting misery ; and inflicting on the leaders, attainder, proscription, and death."] P Namely m Norfolk. See p. 229.] p There is a play upon the words pannus and panis, which cannot be preserved in the English translation.] XCVIII.] TO HENRY. BULLINGER. 249 in sagacity and sense, and entirely ignorant and unknown, who, since they do not yet perceive the church to square with their wishes, or rather vanities, and that so far from agreeing with their foUies, the wind is. rather directly contrary, for this cause some of them desert their posts, and hide themselves in idleness and obscurity; others, shaping out for themselves their own barks, caU together conventicles, elect their own bishops, and holding synods one with another, frame and derise their own laws for themselves. They reject preaching, despise communion, would have aU churches destroyed, as having been forraerly dedicated to popery ; nor are they con tent with merely deriding our ministers, but regard the ofiice itself as not worth a straw. And thus, as far as lieth in them, they are too rashly and precipitately accessory to the wretched shipwreck of our church, and are doubtless retarding not a Uttie the free progress of the gospel. They themselves, in the mean time, wonderfuUy tossed about by I know not what waves of error, and miserably borne along, I know not whither, on the various gales of vanity, are reduced to the most absurd Tarings of opinion. They therefore cut themselves off*, as they say, from us ; or rather, like Theudas, they depart with their own party, and act just like persons who, perceiving the wind somewhat against them, so that they cannot directly reach the point they aim at, refuse to reserve theraselves for a more favourable breeze, but leaping out of the ship, rush headlong into the sea and are drowned. But here it is wonderful how fit an instrament, as they think, the adversaries of our reUgion have laid hold of for dishonouring the gospel. They whisper in the queen's ears, that this is the fruit of our gospel now coming to maturity ; that this is the only harvest of our doctrine to be expected; so that, unless her pious heart had been altogether inflaraed with the love of the truth, it would long since have been cooled by their aspersions. You see I have endeavoured, my exceUent BulUnger, as briefly as I could, to, make you perceive, as it were at one glance, the whole state of our affairs, and the aspect of the government, and the entire condition of the church. France, long since disabled by her own wounds, and as if wearied with wars, has at length aUowed herself a Uttle 250 BISHOP HORN [let. breathing time'. She admits the gospel indeed, but as if it were a pestilence ; so that it visits no cities^, save a few, and those of no iraportance, or, if any of larger size, in such a manner as to abide without the waUs. Very great precaution is taken for the court, lest Christ should sometiraes be admitted even as a guest ; and he is therefore ordered to be banished, under a heavy penalty, to some miles distance^. A cardinal*, a man of rank and piety, and an exile here among us for the sake of religion, whUe he was sojourning some days at Canter bury, waiting for a wind for his prosperous and safe return, was taken off, (as they report, and it is indeed credible,) by the deadly poison of the papists, and wasted away, destroyed by wickedness and crime. But why am I exporting any news from France to Zurich? for nothing can be conveyed from France which is not weU known to the people of Zurich, and which you have not in abundance. I think however that you have not heard this one circumstance, or at least that it is but little known among you. The duke of Anjou*, brother to the P A treaty of peace with the Huguenots was concluded at St Germain on Aug. 15th, 1570; and early in the foUotring spring the 7th synod of the Reformed Church of France assembled at BocheUe, being the iirst which received the sanction of royal authority, and it commenced its sittings under the direct protection of the king's letters patent. Smedley 's Hist, of the Reformed ReUgion in France. Vol. i. p. 346.] P As an especial gratification to his "dear and most beloved aunt," the queen of Navarre, the king empowered her to have dirine service performed, in the presence of as many persons as chose to assist, in one house in each of her iiefs, even during her absence from it. Smedley, ut supra, I. 344.] P The suburbs of certain provincial towns, expressly named, were set apart for the exercise of general worship, provided such towns were neither the actual residence of the court for the time being, nor within two leagues of that residence. In Paris and Avithin ten leagues it was altogether prohibited. Smedley, ut supra.] p Odet de Coligny, archbishop of Toulouse, and Cardinal de Chatillon, was condemned by the councU of Trent for embracing the protestant faith. He fled hither out of France, in 1568, after the battle of Saint Denis, and on his return, in 1670, was poisoned by one of his servants. He was honoui-ably buried among the metropolitans, in the cathedral at Canterbury. See Strype, Annals, ii. i. 363.] P For a' full account of all particulars relating to the proposed marriage, see Strype, Annals, ii. i. 48. &c. and Camden, Eliz. p. 160. &c.] XCVIII. J TO HENRY BULLINGER. 251 king of France, has become an ardent suitor of our queen. What wiU be the event of this, is not yet known. As I do not hear that it is altogether approved of, so neither do I understand that it is altogether dishked. If you ask what I myself think, it is a difficult thing to be a judge in the affairs of princes. I shaU merely say, that in my opinion this expected marriage wiU never take place. There are manv reasons which raake me fear it, and not a few which lead me to wish for it. But I leave these matters, like all others which concern us, to be weU and happily disposed of by the wisdom and goodness of God. And should he make it tend as much to the propagation of the gospel, and the setting forth of the glory of the name of Christ, as it seems at first sight likely to conduce both to the private advantage of indiriduals, and the public good, both my life and my wishes wiU be abundantly satisfied. And now to interweave a few observations respecting our neighbour Scotland. Having been lately almost ruined by the most foul homicides, and stained with the blood of her first nobility, both of her king", a most iUustrious youth from England, and after him of the exceUent regent James '^, both of whora they took off by horrible and lamentable mm-ders, she is stiU in a flarae through the mutual abhorrence of these events in both parties. The queen, being suspected of the murder of her husband, and required by the nobles of her kingdom either to prove her innocence, or suffer for her guilt, as I mentioned in my last letter, has secretly taken refuge here in England, where she is stiU detained captive. She has often meditated an escape, and others have contrived plans for her rescue, but hitherto to no purpose, for she is very diligently and carefully guarded: with what design, few can teU; with what result, does not yet appear; with what hope, or rather what fear, I grieve to say. He who has forced her to this step, both easUy can, (for he is powerful,) should it seem good to him, and he readily wiU, (for he is merciful,) if he is entreated, order aU things according to his wiU, and also according to our own. But in this country how wonderfully and beyond aU expectation the God of aU good ness and the Lord of glory has preserved every thing safe P See note 2 p. 186.] P See p. 218.] 252 BISHOP HORN [let. and sound, as it is certain frora experience, so it is true in the relation of it ; yet as being of rare occurrence, wUl alraost be incredible in the hearing. For both in the comraotions in France, and the contests in Scotland, and moreover vrith the secret hatred of Spain, none of which could ever be overcome by any slight raeans or ordinary exertions, our Elizabeth, the sole nurse (as it were) of these affairs, and solely for the sake of the gospel, has preserved the friends of godliness, who would otherwise doubtless have been destroyed long since, free from hai-m. But observe that ancient and most convenient, and in a nianner the leading stratagem of the papists, which is now both rendered famiUar to us by daily experience, and peculiar to theraselves by long use and possession. They besiege the tender frarae of the raost noble rirgin EUzabeth with almost endless attacks, and most studiously endeavour to compass her death, both by poison, and riolence, and witch craft, and treason, and all other raeans of that kind which could ever be imagined, and which it is horrible even to relate. Hitherto however, as God has had for his gospel a faithful and active Deborah, so truly has he made her a triumphant Judith ; and we iraplore hira also to make her an aged Anna. These Scottish wares which I have given you, are not only sordid and unsound, but really black. Now then accept of some from Flanders, few indeed in number, but which however you will without doubt call elegant. A certain person was here not long since, a doctor of laws, of some learning, such an one, I imagine, as those among the Jews who menaced Christ with death : his narae is Story, a raan, as it were, born for cruelty, a most raging persecutor' in the Marian times, to whom it was P Dr Story was one of the examiners of the martyr PhUpot. His character may be judged of from the foUowing language, addressed to PhUpot, and recorded by Foxe: "WeU, Sir, you are like to go after your fathers, Latimer the sopliister, and Ridley, who had nothing to allege for himself but that he had leamed his heresy of Ci-anmer. When I came to him with a poor bachelor of arts, he trembled as though he had had the palsy; as these heretics have always some token of fear whereby a man may know them, as you may see this man's eyes do tremble in his head. But I despatched them ; and I teU thee that there liath never been yet any one bumt, but I have spoken with him, and been a cause ofhis despatch," Acts and Monuments, vii. 628. See also Strype, Annals, i. U. 297.] . XCVIII.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 253 gain to kill the saints, and sport to slied blood. This man then, after the happy day had shone upon us in which God raised our Elizabeth to the head of the EngUsh govemment, was apprehended and thrown into prison on an evident charge of treason. A short tirae afterwards, when the gaoler was not so careful as he should have been, he broke out of prison and escaped into Flanders, where he entered into the service^ of the duke of Alva, the capital enemy of our kingdom, who is resident in that country. Here, like a fury fresh from heU, or more truly, like a wicked Davus, it is wonderful how he is continually making mischief. Having obtained licence from the duke, he plunders, annoys, and imprisons the merchants arriving in those parts; he entices the people of England to rebeUion, is strenuously and solicitously urgent with Alva to afford a liberal supply both of men and means for so holy an object ; lastly, he is endeavouring hand and foot, with all his might, to procure by some unheard-of cruelty' the premature and lamentable destruction of the most noble queen his sovereign, and that of the governraent of his honom-ed country. Here however the merchants, who being daUy scourged by the most cruel stripes of this Davus, had a fuUer perception of them to their greater sorrow, and without any hope of relief, take common counsel among themselves, and cry out as it were with one voice, that he raust be carried off, which they thus effected with consumraate artifice. There comes to him one of his friends* whose fideUty he least suspected, but who had been suborned by the merchants : this man privately whispers in his ear that a ship = has just arrived frora England, laden with I know not what golden raountains of treasure. Fired with the love of plunder, he straightway sallies forth, promising the money to hiraself, and certain death to the P He was appointed searcher of all ships at Antwerp for English goods and heretical books, (Strype, Parker, ii. 366,) and was aUowed a moiety of the confiscation. Carte's Hist, of England.] P Story was arraigned, and was to be charged with treason, for having consulted with one Prestall, a man much addicted to magical illusions, against his prince's life. Camden's Elizabeth, p. 168.] P One Parker, who was afterwards cast into prison, by the craft and ' malice of Story's private friends. Strype, Parker, ii. 367.] P He was decoyed on board the ship of Cornelius de Eycke, at Bergen op Zoom. Carte's Hist, of England.] 254 BISHOP HORN TO HENRY BULLINGER. []lET. merchants. After he had entered the ship, and was prying about in every corner, and had just gone down into the interior of the vessel, they suddenly closed the hatches, and with their sails set are carried by a prosperous and safe breeze into England. And here, if in addition to all the sliips of the Turkish empire laden with treasure even the whole Venetian fleet with all its wealth had met them, and been offered to them on their way, I weU know that they would not have exchanged this merchandize and worthless lading of their little vessel for all those treasures. And so at length he was brought to London, amidst the great congratulations of the people, awaiting him on his return ; and shortly after being convicted of treason, hung' and quartered, was made an iU-savoured martyr of the Roman church, and em-oUed in the popish catalogue of saints, next to Felton, who affixed the pope's buU to the palace-gates of the bishop of London. I have raoreover transmitted to you, my Bullinger, by this carrier ten crovms, not so much by way of an honourable, or at least an honorary present, as a token, such as it is, of my regard towards you. The whole of this sum I desire to be expended upon a public entertainment in your comraon hall, devoted to the remembrance of me, though without a sacrifice. Farewell aU of you, and live happy. I desire you would so think of me, just as you are accustomed to regard one who for your sake would wiUingly plan any thing by his adrice, or accomplish it by his assistance, or embrace it in his thoughts, or lastly, promote it by his infiuence. May Christ Jesus preserve the chm-ch which he has redeemed by lus precious blood, disappoint the designs of aU her adversaries, frusti-ate their attempts, and break their power ! Fai-eweU, most loving BuUinger, and Uve in him who is the author of life. London, Aug. 8, 1571. Wholly youi-s, ROBERT WINTON. [' Story suffered at Tyburn in June 1671, and was made a saint at Piome, and his martyi-dom printed, and set up in the EngUsh coUege there. Strype, Annals, i. U. 297.] XCIX.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 255 LETTER XCIX. BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, Aug. 10, 1571. Health to you, most agreeable BuUinger. On the 4th of March Boxall^, a notorious papist, and secretary to queen Mary, died at Lambeth^ ; where also Thirlby, one of her coun seUors and bishop of Ely, died before him. About the end of June David Whitehead", an octogenarian, and a man adorned with all kinds of learning, departed this life at London. Thomas Spencer', a doctor in dirinity and arch deacon of Chichester, died on the Sth of July. He was a most diligent preacher in the Suffolk part of my diocese. He was with us at Zurich. Master Cole, not the one who P John Boxall was removed from office by Elizabeth on her accession, to make way for Cecil, and his behaviour on the occaision sets his cha racter in a favourable light ; for instead of interposing obstacles to his successor in ofBce, it is clear, from a few of his letters to Cecil dated about this period, that he cherished no sentiment but tJiat of anxiety to aiFord him all the assistance in his power. See Burgon's Life and Times of Sir T. Gresham. Vol. i. p. 214.] P In 1563, the Council removed Boxall and Thirlby from tho tower, on account of the plague having appeared in London; and on Sept. 16, wrote to the archbishop to receive them, "and to give them convenient lodging, each of them one man allowed them, and to use them as was requisite for men of their sort; and that they would satisfy his lordship for the charges of their commons." Boxall was doctor of divinity of Oxford, and had been dean of Peterborough, Norwich, and Windsor. Strype, Parker, i. 279, &c.J p IVhitehead had been recommended by archbishop Cranmer to be archbishop of Armagh, and was afterwards an exile for religion, and pastor of an English congregation at Frankfort. Strype, Memor. m. i. 231.] P Spencer subscribed, as a member of convocation, the Articles of 1662. Strype, Annals, i. i. 488.] 256 BISHOP parkhurst [let. was at Zurich', but whom master Wolfgang Weidner was so fond of, the archdeacon of Essex", departed this life about the same time. Both of them were remarkable for their eloquence in the pulpit. Almost two years since there was an implacable quarrel here at Norwich among the foreigners ; nor are they even yet reconciled, though there is some hope that things vriU be on a better footing and more peaceable in future. You would scarce believe what labour I have undergone, to say nothing of expeiice, during the whole time ; and yet these refractory people wUl not give up a single point. I have always treated them with the greatest mildness and consideration, though of late a little harshly, contrary io my nature. But what could you do ? If we cannot succeed in one way, we must try another. Three' oftheir preachers, ambitious and aspiring men, occasioned and continued all this disturbance. The whole congregation was very near being broken up. Their number was about four thousand. The English, I aUow, were somewhat troublesorae in Gerraany ; but, if you compare them with these, they were quietness itself. I do not in the least exaggerate. There have been great dissensions among their countrymen, both at Sandwich in Kent, and Uke'wise in Lon don, which, as I hear, are not yet composed. In the French church here every thing is very quiet. They are in number about four hundred. The true religion is flourishing in Scotland. But the p This was WilUam Cole, feUow, and afterwards president, of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and concerned in the translation of the Geneva Bible. Strype, Memor. in. i. 232. Annals, i. i. 343. Parke?, i. 628.] P Thomas Cole, an exile at Frankfort, and afterwards Rector of High Ongar, and one of the subscribers to the Articles of 1562. Strype, Memor, in. i. 404. Cranmer, 52. Annals, i. i. 488.] P There was a church allowed in the city of Norwich for strangers that fled thither for religion from the parts of Flanders ; which church was supplied with three ministers named Anthonius, Theophilus and Isbrandus. These, falling in their sermons upon particular doctrines controverted among themselves, preached so earnestly in answers and confutations one of another, that the congregation was all in confusion, and the peace of the church broken. Whereupon the bishop interposed, and enjoined them to forbear that manner of preaching one against another. Strype, -^^nnals, ii. i. 174. Parker, ii. 82.] XCIX.J TO TIENRY BULLINGER. 257 nobles are sometimes quarrelling with each other, not on account of religion, to whieh aU parties are favourable, but for the custody of the king, which is their chief object. The queen of Scotland is still detained in England. The archbishop of St Andrew's \ the author of many disturbances in Scotland, was hung on a gibbet last May. The marquis of Northampton' (the brother of queen Catharine, tiie last wife of Henry the eighth, and my most gentie mistress, whom I attended as chaplain twenty-three years since,) died about the beginning of August. When I was in London, he married a very beautiful German giri, who remained in the queen's com-t after the departure of the mar grave of Baden and CecUia^ his wife from England. Our P James HamUton, the natural son of James, first Earl of Arran. He was one of the Queen of Scots' privy councU, and performed the ceremony of christening her son. He was in the castle of Dumbarton 'virhen that fortress was taken by surprise, from whence he was canied to Stirling, where on AprU 1st, 1670, he was hanged on a live tree, which gave occasion to the following lines : "Vive diu, felix arbor, semperque vireto Frondibus, ut nobis taUa poma feras.'' He was put to death because he was strongly suspected of being con cerned in the death of the regent Murray, by whom he had been de clared a traitor. Beatson's Political Index. Carte however says (in his History of England) that he was condemned, not for Darnley's or Murray's murder, with which they endeavoured to blacken him, thou^, innocent, but for rebellion against the prince of Scotland ui adhering to his mother; and that tlie sentence was the eifect of Lenox's personal enmity to the house of Hamilton.] P WUUam Parr, first baron Parr of Kendal, created marquis of North ampton 1547; attainted 1554, when his honours became forfeited; again created marquis Northampton 1659; ob. 1571. s. p. Nicolas's Synopsis of the Peerage.] [" She was sister to the king of Sweden, and arrived in England with her husband Sept. 7, 1565. The margrave returned to Germany in November, but "hathe lefte here behynd him in the courte the lady Cecilie his tvyfe, with whose companye and conversation the quene is so muche delighted, as she doothe not onely allowe her very honourable bouge of courte, three measse of meat twyse a daye for her mayds and the rest of her familye, but also her majestie hathe delte so liberally With her husbande, that he hathe a yearly pension of 2000 crownes, which he is to enjoye so longe as he suffereth the ladye his wife to resyde here in Englande." Lodge's Illustrations, Vol. i. p. 358. Strype, Annals, i. ii. 198, 210.] 17 258 BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. marquis was sixty years old, and I believe rauch raore. Yom- young friend, Henry Butler, is in good health. I wish every happiness to your chief magistrates, councU, preachers, citizens, and the whole estate of Zurich. Salute in my narae your sons Henry, Rodolph, and the third, whose name I have forgotten, your daughters Truth and Dorothy, Simler, Lavater, ZuingUus, your sons-in-law; Wolfius, Haller, Wickius, Froschover, Julius, John Henry Fabricius, and aU the rest. My invalid salutes you and youi-s, sons, daughters, and aU. In haste, Ludham. Aug. 10, 1571,' "You wiU learn aU the other news from the letter to Gualter; Yours, J. PARKHURST, N. LETTER C. ARCHBISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Bishopsthorpe, Jan 25, 1572. Health in Christ. Your letter dated 25 Feb. 1571, I did not receive tiU the 25th of last August. I received also at the same time the MS. refutation of the pope's bull, and a Reply to the "Testament of Brentius ^" I wonder that Brentius would leave so rirulent a wiU behind him. Your reply is moderate and pious. The refutation of the buU is printed both in English and Latin, and you have, I beUeve, received some copies of the impression before this tirae. I thank you for your pious anxiety with respect to our churches. You shaU learn, in a few words, the state of my affairs after my translation to this diocese. On the 1st of August, 1570, I left London ; two days after I was seized on my journey with a tertian ague arising from fatigue, (for P See note 2, p. 243.] c.J archbishop grindal to henry bullinger. 259 during my residence in London, I had not been accustomed to riding on horseback;) on which account I was forced to rest ten days in the midst of my journey. At length on the 17th of August I arrived at Cawood^ (where I have a palace on the banks of the Ouse, about seven miles from the city,) my fever, as the event proved, not being sufficientlj cm-ed ; for I was seized on the second of September following- vrith another vei-y severe and acute fever, which weakened me to such an excess, that not only ray physicians and friends despaired of my recovery, but I myself also received the sentence of death in myself. But the Lord, who kiUeth and maketh alive, restored rae at length after six months to my former health, the riolence of the disorder graduaUy de creasing, yet so as I was not able to leave my chamber the whole winter. Since then I have laboured to the ut most of my power, and still continue to do, in the visitation of my prorince and diocese, and in getting rid of those- remaining superstitions^ which have maintained their place more firmly in this part of the country, suffering as it does P This place was the residence of the archbishops of York, having been given by king Athelstan to Wulstan, the fifteenth archbishop ; and where they had a magnificent palace, or castle, in which several of the prelates Uved and died, and in which cardinal Wolsey was arrested by the earl of Northumberland on a charge of treason, in the reign of Henry VIII. This castle was dismantled, and in part demolished, at the conclusion of the parliamentary war ; since which time, being abandoned by the archbishops, it has remained in a state of gradual dUapidation, and has nearly fallen into ruin. Lewis's Topogr. Diet.] P In his letter wrote to the secretary, August 29 [1670], he saj's, "they keep hoUdays and fasts abrogated; they offer money, eggs, &c. at the bm-ial oftheir dead; they pray beads, &c. so as this seems to be as it were another church, rather than a member of the rest." Strype, Grindal, 243. Other popish customs then prevalent in the north were, the frequent use and veneration of crosses, month's minds, obits and anniversaries, the chief intent whereof was praying for the dead; the su perstitions used in going the bounds of the parishes; morris-dancers and minstrels coming into the church in service-time, to the disturbance of God's worship ; putting the consecrated bread into the receiver's mouth, as among the papists the priest did the wafer; crossmg and breathing upon the elements in the celebration of the Lord's supper and elevation; oU, tapers, and spittle in the other sacrament of baptism ; pauses and inter missions in reading the serrices ofthe church; praying Ave Marias and Pater-nosters npon beads; setting up candles in the churches to the Vh-gin Mary on Candlemas-day, and the Uke. Strype, Grmdal, 251.] 17—2 260 archbishop grindal [let- under a dearth of leamed and pious ministers. After the sup pression of the late rebellion I find the people more complying than I expected, as far as extemal conformity is concemed: the reason is, that they have been sufficiently distressed, and therefore humbled, by those calamities which are always the concoraitants of civU war. I wish I had found them as weU instructed in the true religion, as I left my fiock in London and Essex to my successor. But yet I hope that, with the Lord giving the increase, much raay be effected in time even here. The Lord [Bishop] of Durham, who is in constant Ul health, has lately been dangerously ill, but through the mercy of the Lord is now recovered. The exceUent Bishop Jewel, of SaUsbury, (the jewel and singular ornament of the Church, as his name impUes,) we lost, or rather I should say, sent before us, about the be ginning of October' last. It is not, as I am weU aware, from a feeling of curiosity, but, as you say, frora other most important reasons, that you are anxious for information concerning our affairs ; just as we are desirous of hearing about yours, whatever they may be : for we are members of the same body. I hope there fore that, as our affau-s are now settled, I shall in futm-e write to your reverence twice at least in every year, and as usual at each of the Frankfort fairs. Matters here are at present, through the great mercy of God, tolerably quiet : how ever, at the end of last summer, no one suspecting anything of the kind, we were in the greatest danger, as you raay pro bably conjecture from a document inclosed in this letter, and both published in our language in the form of a letter, and translated into Latin. The daughter of the Guises, who calls herself the queen of Scotland, is now consigned to closer custody^. Thoraas duke of Norfolk was brought [} He died Sept. 23, 1571.] P She was reraoved fi-om Tutbury to Sheffield castle in August 1669. The following document, copied from the original in the Cottonian Library," will shew the nature of the restrictions under which she was placed. ORDERS FOR THE QUBEn's HOUSEHOLD. '"To the Mr. of the Scottis queene's household. Fii-st, that all your people wch. appertayneth to the queene shall depart from the queene's chamber, or chambers, to their own lodging at ,ix of the clock C.}' TO HENRY BULLINGER. 261 to triaP on the 16th of this month, and condemned to death for high treason: but whether the sentence wiU shortly be put into execution, my distance from comt prevents me from knowing*. Other accomplices in the same conspiracy are now in custody, and wiU undergo a like: sentence. at night, winter and summer, whatever he or she, either to their lodging within the house, or without in the towne, and there to remain tiU the next day at vi of the clock. " Item, that none of the queene's people shall at no time weare his sword, neither within the house nor when her grace rydeth or goeth abroade, unless the master of the household himself to weare a sword, and no more, 'without my special licence. " Item, that there shaU none of the queene's people carry any bow or shaftes at no tyme, neither to the field nor to the butts, unless it be foure or fyve, and no more, being in the queene's company. "Item, that none of the queene's people shall ryde or go at no tyme abroad out of the house, or towne, without my special licence ; and if he or they so doth, they or he shaU come no more in at the gates: neither in the towne, whatsoever he, she, or they may be. "Item, that you, or some of the queene's chamber, when her grace wUl walk abroad, shaU advertise the officier of my warde, who shaU declare the messuage to me one houer before she goeth forth. " Item, that none of the queene's people, whatsoever he or they be, not one at no time, to come fortii of their chamber or lodging when any alarum is given by night or dale, whether they be in the queene's cham bers within the house, or without in the towne ; and giff" he or they keep not theu- chambers or lodging wheresoever, that he or they shall stand at their periU for death. At ShefeUd, the 26 dale of April, 1571, per me, Shrewsburie.] P In Westmmster HaU upon the judgment-seat; sate George Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury, constituted Lord High Steward of Eng land for that day. There were besides 26 peers present, by whom the duke was unanimously found gnilty of the high treasons wherewith he stood arraigned. See below, note 3, p. 267, and Camden's Eliz. p. 170, &c. vvhere is given a fuU account of the proceedings.] P The queen was very reluctant to order the duke of Norfolk's execution. Randolph writes on March 21st, to the bishop of Durham, "I feare that the bishop of Lmcoln's words m his sermone before her majestie wUl prove true, aUeged out of Augustine, that there was misericordia puniens, crudelitas pareens, in consyderation whereof great evU dyd ensue." MS. Lansd. 13. 22. He was, however, at length executed on the 2nd of June, on a scaffbld erected on Tower-hUl. See Camden, EUzabeth, p, 177.] 262 archbishop grindal [let. Scotland has been sorely distressed the whole of this year with intestine commotions. For after the death of the regent James, the grandfather' ofthe young king was elected in his room. About a year ago he made an unexpected attempt upon the weU fortified castle of Dumbarton at the raouth of the Clyde, which he took in the night-time by means of scaling ladders, having first kiUed the sentinels; and he compelled the archbishop of St Andrew's, whom he found there, and who was a natural brother of the duke of Ha milton, to put an end to his life by hanging". In revenge for this, about the begiiming of last May, the HamUtons with three hundred horse entered by night the town of Stirling, and there put to death on the spot the new regent', whom they seized in his chamber. The earl of Mar* was chosen by the king's party in his room ; a good man, but not pos sessing much influence. The Scots therefore, dirided into many factions as weU public as private, are attacking each other with mutual violence. The queen's party have seized upon the town and castle of Edinburgh. The king's adherents have fortified the neighbouring harbour of Leith, and strength ened it with a garrison. The regent James had given the command of the castle of Edinburgh to one Kirkaldy', as [' Matthew Stuart, earl of Lenox, and father of lord Damley .] p See note 8, p. 257] p Lord Burghley gives, in a letter to Thomas Smith, dated Sept. 8th, 1574, the foUo'wing account of his death: "On monday last, two hundred and forty horsemen, a hundred footemen, aU of the castle of Bdenborough, stole to Sterling tcwne, which they entered quietly, and tooke the regente and aU the lords of his present, in their beds, and when they were carrying them away, their soldyers fell to spoyle, and a power of the castle of Styrling issuing out rescued them all, and slew their takers ; but in this fight the regent was hurt, and by some advertisements I hear that he is dead." MS. Cott. CaUg. c. HI. 227. In another letter from BurglUey to the earl of Shrewsbury, dated Sept. 13, he 'writes, " It is true that the erle of Lenox, late regent, was slain after that he was taken, by commandment of Claud HamUton, and he that kUled hym named Calder, who hath confessed it."]' P " The erle of Marr is confirmed regent by parlcment at Sterling, ¦whereto the eries of ArgUe, EgUnion, Cassels, and Crawford, with the lords Boyd and St. Colme, have sworne and subscribed." Burghley to lord Shrewsbury, Sept. 13, as above.] p Sir William Kirkaldy of Grange. Sep -^fite 7, p. 193. Hc was afterwards executed.] C.J TO HENRY BULLINGER. 263 being most faithful to himself and most hostUe to the queen : this man, not long after, during the. regent's lifetirae, bribed probably with French gold, went over to the queen. This defection was the cause of all the mischief; for the queen's party would otherwise have found no safe position whence to carry on the war. However, we hope that our queen wiU shortly put an end to these calamities. For if matters cannot be settled by the conference and treaty of peace which is now in progress, there is no doubt but that om- queen wiU becorae the eneray of that party which shaU refuse to accept of such fair terms as shaU be offered; in which case the other party wiU of necessity be forced to submit. I wrote to Richard HUles to send some crowns to JuUus. I will bear Butler in my favourable recoUection. If he \riU learn our language, he raay sorae time or other become a minister in our church. I send you together vrith this letter a history lately pubUshed by George Buchanan, a Scotsman, respecting the rirtues of the queen of Scotland". May the Lord Jesus very long preserve your reverence ! Bishopsthorpe, near York, 25 Jan. 1572. Yom- most devoted in the Lord, EDMUND YORK. I was just about to seal this, when I received your letter and that of Gualter, in which you recommend to rae your nephew, and he his son. I am far distant from our univer sities; I wUl write however to my friends that they may recommend thera. I hear that the lord bishop of London has sent them to Cambridge, and supplied them with raeans : I too wiU soraetiraes assist them with money, which is aU I can do. Salute, I pray you, raaster Gualter in my name, to whom I have not now leisure to reply. I suspect that the anonymous littie book you sent me was written by our bishop of SaUsbmy of pious raeraory ; but I have no reason for this conjecture except frora the style and manner of writing. Once more fareweU, my very dear and reverend brother in Ohrist. EDMUND YORK. P The book referred to is entitled "De Maria regma Scotorum, totaque ejus contra regem conjuratione," &c. It was dedicated to queen EUzabeth.] 264 BISHOP SANDYS [lET. LETTER CL BISHOP SANDYS TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at LoNDOif, Feb. 17, 1572. Health in Christ. That I have not replied, my very dear brother, and most reverend master, to your frequent letters, I would have you ascribe, not so much to my want of gratitude, as to raost troublesorae hinderances of various kinds. For to pass over many other things which have pre vented this intercourse of regard and accustomed corre spondence, the first and mpst affiictive is this, the extreme violence and extent of my late attack of iUness, by which the Lord exercised me so painfully and for so long a time, that I had altogether given up thinking upon these matters. To this must be added a constant accession of business, which the station in which I am now placed daUy occasions me, and by which I am almost so overwhelraed, that I have no opportunity either for personal relaxation or con-espondence with others. In fine, even if sufficient time and leism-e were afforded, such is the present unsettled state of affairs, that nothing can be transmitted from us to you ; especiaUy since there is so close a blockade both by land and sea, that it is not safe to send letters. I received your last letter at the end of December, and when I had read it, endeavoured, as diUgently as I could, to comply with yom- request. In recommending your grandson' and those other friends of yours to the bishop of Norwich, P Rodolph ZuingUus, whose father married BulUnger's daughter. He came over to England with a son of Rodolph Gualter, by whom they were recommended to bishop Parkhurst. With him they were in the beginning of December at Ludham, where, says Strype, he treated them with oysters, which the young men wondered to see him eat. But however young Gualter ventured at last upon them; for so the bishop merrily wrote to his father: but as for ZuingUus, as the bishop went on, he dared not cum vivis animalibus congredi. Strype, Annals, 11. i. 336.] CI.] to HENRY BULLINGER. 265 you lighted upon the yery man who, whUe he had the greatest desire to serve you, yet possessed at the sarae tirae no means whatever of doing so. For° having lately entrusted with too great confidence the management of his affairs to men of dishonest character, it has come to pass by theu- means that he is so overwhelmed with debt, as to be unable to extricate himseff from these misfortunes, rauch less to afford any assist ance to others. As to rae, however, moved partly by the remembrance of your kindness, and partly because I considered I should be acting acceptably to God, and especially to yourself, I took upon myseff the charge of assisting them^. I speedily therefore took care to send them to the university of Cambridge; and that they might have a better opportunity of learning both our language and others, I thought it best to place them in different colleges, lest their frequent inter course should prevent their appUcation in learning a foreign language. Though indeed I am rauch distressed by difficulties concerning ray incorae and expenditm-e, I have nevertheless presented each of them with twenty crowns out of my own purse, to diminish the unpleasantness of living in a strange place. In all other respects, as far as my means wiU permit, I promise that I wiU not be wanting to them, that they may engage 'with greater freedom in those studies which may some time or other be of advantage to the church of Christ. For I have always thought it a most excellent thing to sow a benefit which the fiock of Christ may reap in due season. I have sent you their own letters in testimony, not indeed of P The bishop had the misfortune to entrust one [George Thymelthorp] with the coUection of the tenths of his diocese, who took the sums that he had received of the clergy, and converted them to his own use, instead of paymg them into the exchequer. So that at length a heavy debt fell on the poor bishop, for two or three years' an-ears of the tenths, that almost broke his back, and drove him to great necessity. For the revenues of his bishopric were obliged to make good his debt to the queen. Which was the reason he was fain to absent from Norwich, and Uve more privately at Ludham, a country seat belongmg to the see. Strype, Annals, ii. i. 330.] P From the bishop [of Norwich] they took their joumey to London with their letters, and waited upon bishop Sandys there, who received them very obligmgly, for their relations' and country's sake ; and assigned each of them £5 agamst their gouig to Cambridge. Stiype, Annals, 11. i. 336.] 266 BISHOP SANDYS TO HENRY BULLINGER. [leT. very great liberality on my part, yet of my good inclination and regard, that you may learn what I have done more fuUy from their letters than from my own. I entreat you again and again to salute my friend and very dear brother in Christ, master Rodolph Gualter. May the Lord Jesus Christ prosper you, and the labours which you undergo for the furtherance of the gospel of Christ ! Dated London in England, 17 Feb. 1672. Your very dear brother in Christ, EDWIN SANDYS, bishop of London. LETTER CII. BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, March 10, 1672. Your most learned refutation of the pope's buU is in the hands of every one ; for it is translated into English, and is printed at London. You have done weU in replying with so rauch diUgence to the stupid and furious Testaraent of Brentius. Those three' troublesome preachers -in the Dutch Church [at Norwich] have been sUenced, and two others appointed in their stead. Seventeen members of the same church were banished from our city on the first of November, for the dis graceful vice of drunkenness. About the middle of December the Spanish ambassador^ was ordered to depart from England P Their names were Antonius, TheophUus, and Isbrand Balkius. The last was soon afterwards appointed minister of the strangers' church at Stamford. Strype, Parker, ii. 84, 149.] P This proceeding was occasioned by the discovery of some letters of the queen of Scots, importing that "she gave herself, and her son, now king of Scotland, into the hands of the king of Spain, to be governed and ruled only by him; and to assui-e him, that if he would send any power, the young king should be delivered into liis hands.'' She added, that "the king of Spain, in setting her up, would not only govern both these realms, but should also set up. CII.] BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 267 within three days, on pain of losing his head. This inteUi gence some friend wrote to rae frora London; but I know not whether it is correct. At all events he has left the kmgdom; ahiit, excessit, evasit. The duke of Norfolk pleaded his own cause in West minister HaU, on the 16th Januai-y, from seven in the morn mg tUl night. There are many charges of treason against him, which he refuted as weU as he could. The entire cognizance and jurisdiction in this cause is referred to nine earls, one riscount, and fifteen barons^ All these unanimously de clared him guilty, and so he is at last condemned to death. He is stUl living however, between hope and fear, in the tower of London*. The snow last .year raelted towards the beginning of February. This year it only began to faU at that tirae, and did not leave us tiU about the beginning of March. We are on good terms with the French, but the Spaniards are knitting their brows. I thank you very much for the very elegant little book on the Authority of Scripture and of the Church. Whoever ¦wrote it is certainly a learned and pious man. If your ZuingUus ° require my assistance, he shall not be disappointed of it : I wish both you and himself to be fuUy -in both, the cathoUc reUgion again." See Strype, Annals, ii. i. 74, 177; in which latter passage he mistakenly confounds the date of this letter of Parkhurst's with that of the banishment of the ambassador.] P These were, George Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury, Reginald Grey, earl of Kent, Thomas Radcliffe, earl of Sussex, Henry Hastings, earl of Huntingdon, Francis Russell, earl of Bedford, Henry Herbert, earl of Pembroke, Edward Seymour, earl of Hertford, Ambrose Dudley, earl of Warwick, Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, Walter Devereux, viscount Hereford, Edward lord Clinton, William lord Howard of Effingham, WUliam CecU, lord Burghley, Arthur lord Grey of WUton, James Blount, lord Mountjoy, WiUiam lord Sands, Thomas lord Wentworth, WUUam lord Burroughs, Lewis lord Mordaunt, John Powlet, lord Saint-John of Basing, Robert lord Rich, Roger lord North, Edmund Bruges lord Chandos, Oliver lord Saint-Jehn of Bletnesbro, Thomas Sackvill lord Buckhurst, WiUiam West lord Delaware. See Camden's Elizabeth, p. 170. Strype, however, adds WilUam earl of Worcester to the number of peers present, according, as he says, to a MS. in the Cottonian Library.] P See note 4, p. 261.] p BulUnger's grandson. See note 1, p. 264j 268 ;bishop parkhurst to henry bullinger. [let. persuaded of this ; for I shaU certainly never falsify your good opinion of me. I cannot write more, for I am overwhelmed by numerous and iraportant engagements. FareweU,. my BuUinger. Salute aU my friends. My vrife salutes you all. In haste. Ludham, 10th March, 1572. Your JOHN PARKHURST, [bishop] of Norwich. LETTER CIII. BISHOP COX TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Ely House, June 6, 1572. Much health in Christ, my brother. Yom- letter, which was on many accounts most gratifying to me, and which you state to have been written on the 12th of March, came to hand about the end of May; from which I understand that you have not yet received those books printed in this country, which you most leamedly and piously composed against the pope's bull. I sent, however, to the autumn fair at Frankfort both a letter and four books, together 'with a Uttle money for the use of yourself and our friend JiUius. The money I hear arrived safe; but I am told that the letter and books are still loitering on the road. I therefore again send you a few copies for you to make use of, in case you should not receive the others. As to the news about which you wi-ite, may the great and good God turn all things to om- good and the glory of his n^irae ! It is a great satisfaction to us that your churches are at peace, and not without an accession of other churches to the sincere profession of the chi-istian reUgion. When I have an opportunity of obtaining an audience from the queen's majesty, I wUl not forget to acquaint her with how great zeal and good wiU you espouse her cause. She was exceed- cm.] BISHOP COX to henry BULLINGER. 269 ingly delighted with your book against that hulled nonsense', and read it with the greatest eagerness, as I informed you in my last letter, which, you have not yet received. Respecting the Tm-kish war I shaU only say thus rauch, that When the next house begins to bum, 'Tis lUce to prove your own concern^. Hitherto the pope has been antichrist. Should it please God to raise up another, even the Turk, it is only what om- sins deserve. Our own affairs are in this condition. The duke of Norfolk^, who most wickedly contrived a plot against our queen, has raet with the punishraent he deserved. Mary, the late queen of Scots, is pubUcly declared the enemy of our kingdom and queen, and is strictly kept in custody. She was meditating indeed both the destruction of our kingdom, the death of our queen, and the overthrow of our religion, by aU possible means. Respecting your grandson Zuinglius* I had rather say little, than much vritli grief. The affairs of mankind are not govemed by our wiU, but by dirine providence. His con dition, however, is raost blessed, although our earthly affec tions would fooUshly have it otherwise. In fine, we must endure, and not find fault 'with that which cannot be avoided. May the Lord Jesus Christ, my esteemed brother, long, very long preserve you to us in safety ! London. From ray house in Holborn, June 6, 1 572. Your most attached RICHARD COX, bishop of Ely. I intended to send you the books ; but this messenger of mine wUl only take charge of a letter, and not of a parcel. The books must be sent, if possible, by another conveyance to the next Frankfort fair. P Bullatas nugas, the pope's bull agamst queen EUzabeth. See note 2, p. 244.] ^ "Tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet." P He was executed on Tower-hiU, June 2nd. See note 4, p. 261, and Camden, Eliz. p. 177, who gives a full account ofthe proceedings.] p He died in the' beginnmg of this present month. See the next letter.] 270 RICHARD HILLES LETTER CIV. RICHARD HILLES TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, July 10, 1672. Much health. In March last I sent my letter, dated on the 18th of the preceding Febmary, to my son Bamabas, that it might be delivered to the care of Christopher Fros chover at the Frankfort spring fair; and I hope you have received it from him. At the same time I received two very long and friendly letters from you, the first written on the 20th of December, and the other on the 12th of last March, toge ther ¦with a slip of paper inclosed in thera, in which you write rae word what you have heard from Venice respecting the defeat' of the Turks, and what you can leai-n re specting the state of Germany and the cessation of the persecution, &c. For these letters and this inteUigence I sincerely thank you. At the time of the same fair I received firom you some other letters to certain of our bishops, which I gave in charge •with aU dUigence to Rodolph Gualter and Henry Butler, who had other matters of their own to transact 'with the bishops, (who are now engaged at the public assembly, which we call the "Parliaraent,) that they might deliver them to each, as they write me word they have done, except the one which you 'wi-ote to Jewel, bishop of Salisbury, which, as he is dead, I handed over, according to your desire, to Parldiurst, bishop of Norwich. But what do you think? How it has happened, I know not; but neither then, nor at any time since, have I received the books you mention, 'WTitten con cerning Exhortation, neither in Latin, nor in German; so that I know not what answer to make respecting them. I have however to thank you in the mean time for those '[} Namely, at the battle of Lepanto, gained by Don John of Austria in 1671.] P This parliament began May the 8th. Strype, Annals, ii. i. 183.] CIV.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 271 two copies in German, and one in Latin, which you or dered to be sent to rae here. Moreover, the above-named Rodolph and Henry have no certain inteUigence respecting those books. I have received, however, the books published in Latin by Rodolph's father, together with those which the said persons have distributed to those to whom Rodolph's fa ther wished them to be sent : thank him, I pray you, in my name, for the book which he sent me, and the very friendly letter which he wrote to rae on the 10th of March last. As for the thirty-two pieces of gold about which you write, my son Gerson paid sixteen of thera at the last winter fair at Frankfort to Christopher Froschover, for those ten crowns of the right reverend the bishop of Winchester which you mention. The other sixteen were for those other ten crowns which the bishop of Ely paid here to the aforesaid Gerson, to repay to you. My son added, moreover, that he paid over to the said Froschover at the same time ten pieces of gold for Julius Sancterentianus, which the right reverend the bishop of Ely had before placed here to be paid to the said Julius. As to your writing me word to this effect, " that it was "without doubt through a mistake at the spring fair, that the twenty-seven doUars," &c.^ I know not how to set you at ease, because you do not raention whether my son Barnabas, who was present at that Frankfort fair, paid over those twenty- seven doUai-s to Froschover. Your grandson" Zuinglius departed from this most corrupt generation to God, here at London, in June last, and is added to the asserably of the saints, araong whom he sings praises to God his Redeemer. But Rodolph Gualter^, together with Henry Butler, are now returned to Cambridge, whence they came hither at the opening of parliament with the bishop of Norwich, whom I hear to be the especial patron of Henry Butler ; to whose raother or friends I will thank you to write, to say that he has received no remittances from them since he P The MS. is here unintelUgible.J P See p. 269.] [' Bishop Parklmrst maintained him, first at Cambridge, and then at Oxford, (in fellows' commons at Magdalen coUege,) and gave him a viatiaim to bear his charges when he retumed home. Strype, Annals, B. i. 508.] 172 RICHARD HILLES [lET. came to England. Wherefore, when he was iU at Cambridge,, and also a short time before, I lent him two pounds ten shiUings of English money, worth in German money thuieen florms and five batzen' ; which I wiU beg of you to receive from her, and retain for yourseff out of them twelve florins and twelve batzen for the eight French crowns which the reverend the bishop of Norwich sent me, with the paper which I have inclosed in this letter. The remaining eight batzen I would have you present to sorae poor student. It is but just (as I told you before) that those who send their sons to England, should rather deposit their money at Frankfort beforehand, than require others to advance it for them here in England, and then to have to demand payment at Frankfort. Henry Butler's mother, as he informed me, is liring at Lindan. On the second of this^ month the duke of NorfoUc was beheaded, having been long since condemned for high treason. I ara glad to hear frora you that you are by the blessing of God in tolerable health and peace ; but grieve rauch to hear that you are distressed by the dearth of prorisions and all other things. I hope however, that after the suppUcation appointed by public authority, God wiU in mercy look upon you, and again remove that fatherly correction with which he is wont for the raost part to punish those whom he loves. I am also very sorry that you had been so ill with a severe cough for three weeks before you vvrote. But you well know that God often visits those whom he loves. I pray that he may grant you patience, and, as you express yourself, deal 'with you in mercy according to his good pleasure. My ^\•ife salutes you very much, and entreats you to commend her to God in your prayers, as she is greatly afflicted with a contraction of the muscles and nerves, which we call spasms, and also with the gravel. A treaty' has been entered upon this year between om- P A batzen is here considered equivalent to three pence of our money ; a florin to three shilUngs and ninepence ; and a French crown to six shillmgs.J P The duke was beheaded on Monday the second of June, having been condemned five months before. Strype, Annals, ii. L 191, and Camden's EUzabeth, p. 177.] P In this league the French obUged themselves not to assist the Scottish queen; being content to make no mention of her, or of being CIV.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 273 most serene queen of England, France, and Ireland, and the king of France, a Soleran engagement having been entered into by both parties on Sunday the 15th of June* last in the cathedral church of St Peter in Westminster. On the 25th of June I first received your letter, dated Zurich, October 1st, 1571, and sent by Frederick Condors, a gentleman whom you commended to me. And if I can serve him in any thing, without inconvenience or trouble to inyself, I wiU, as you request, raost wiUingly do so. I add this raore over, to let you know the news that I have received from the Netherlands, which are now under the authority of king Philip ; namely, that towards the end of last March, a Dutch = gentleman, named Mons. Lumell [Lumey] attacked a certain seaport in HoUand, caUed the BriU, and took it by force from the dominion of king PhUip. I have heard too, that afterwards a thousand Spaniards and WaUoons, subjects, I raean, of king PhUip who speak the French language, entered the town of Middleberg, and in their progress laid waste a certain viUage of Zeeland called Arrauyden. There is also a large body of troops coUected in Flushing from France and England and other neighbouring countries ; but I hear that nothing of any consequence has been done by the Spaniards against those who are at the BriU, or in Flushing above mentioned, except what I shaU afterwards state. But a very short address was lately brought hither from Flanders, printed both in French and Dutch, in which the prince of Orange adopts the same titles of honour and authority as he did in the Netherlands before his exUe" ; and he exhorts the Dutch, who have already been her friend and ally; but gave her over to the queen's majesty, what soever demands they had made for her before. The league was after wards confirmed and signed by very honourable ambassadors sent over on both sides; viz. Montmorency from France, and the lord admiral from England. Strype, Annals, u. i. 211, 214. For aU the articles of this treaty see Camden, EUz. p. 185.] [* The treaty was confirmed on May 15th at Westmmster. Camden, as above.] P WiUiam Vandermarke, lord of Lumey. See Camden, Eliz. p. 184.] P WiUiam, prince of Orange, had opposed, by aU regular and dutiful means, the progress of the Spanish usurpations; and when Alva con ducted his army into the Netherlands, and assumed the govenunent, this prince, well acquainted with the violent character of the man, and the tyrannical spirit of the court of Madrid, wisely fled from the danger 18 27'4 RICHARD HILLES [lET. resisting the Spaniards, either now or never to shew theraselves raen against the tyranny and unjust exactions of that people, and against the bishops of those parts, and the clergy their corapanions ; and he assures thera, that if they will but shew themselves raen, they can easily shake off the heavy yoke of bondage, which the duke of Alva vrith the Spaniards and bishops aforesaid has most iniquitously iraposed upon them, not only against the common weal or pubUc good of that counti-y, but also against the honour and good faith of king Philip. Moreover, in the month of March last, part of the city of Valenciennes, in the prorince of Hainault, in French Flanders, revolted frora the govemment of the aforesaid duke of Alva, and drove out the Spaniards and leading authorities of the place ; and aUowed the Count Lewis, brother of the prince of Orange, with eight himdred or a thousand armed soldiers (of whom the greater part are French,) to enter and garrison the city for the serrice of king Philip, as they pretended, though they reject the authority of the duke of Alva and his party. But from that time, because the said troops neglected to occupy the fortress of Valenciennes, they were forced again to retreat, and leave the city to the duke and his soldiers, who very lately arrived there in great numbers. We have next heard for a fact that a city called VenIo, the least city in Guelderland, has also sent back his messenger to the duke of Alva; and that, like BrUl and Flushing, many other cities in the Netherlands have revolted and fallen away from the duke of Alva, on account of the tyranny which he has of late years exercised among thera. Besides this, it is related to me as a certain fact, that two small vessels comuig from Flushing have arrived in the Thames, in which letters are brought conveying the inteUigence to some Dutch residents in this country, that a great sea-fight took place last week on the sea-coast of Flanders, not far from Sluys. The citizens of Flushing, whose strength and power seems now to be composed of foreigners, took at the same time, midway between Flanders aild Flushing, fifteen or sixteen vessels laden with spices and which threatened him, and retired to his patemal estate and dominions in Gemiany. He was cited to appear before Alva's tribunal, was con demned in absence, was declared a rebel, and his ample possessions in the low countries were confiscated. Hume.] CIV.J TO HENBY BULLINGER. 275 rich merchandise, besides sorae specie ; which ships had come from Spain and Portugal, and were on their way to Antwerp, together 'with thirty or forty' ships of war and transports which conveyed the duke of Medina Cell with twelve hundred Spanish soldiers who accorapanied him, and landed in the Netherlands. For king Philip has appointed this duke of Medina CeU his rice-roy in Flanders, because the said king, as it is reported, has determined that the duke of Alva shall go back to Spain. Then again, it is stated, and this too as a certain fact, that the same citizens of Flushing drove upon the shaUows two or three other of the ships which they took, and there wrecked them; besides which they set on fire and destroyed two or three more. But, as many persons here assert, these two or three ships last raentioned as being bumt, were laden with Spanish wool on their way to Bruges, and were included in the thu-ty or forty ships which came from Spain under the care and convoy of the said duke of Medina Cell ; and not of the number of the fifteen or sixteen vessels which were going to Antwerp, and which were taken in sight of Flushing and Middleberg: but it seems to me very lamentable that the merchants of Antwerp, (who without doubt are not raore favourably inclined to that impious and crael duke of Alva than those who are now at the BriU and Flushing,) and the merchants of Spain and Portugal, should be plundered in this way of their goods and merchandise, and perhaps the greater part of their crews slain, drowned, or hung ; so that there is reason to fear, that in the countries subject to king PhUip there wiU be for some years to come as little business and traffic, as it is caUed, and as great and extensive civil wars as have 'within these few years taken place in France, unless it should please Almighty God to turn aside his indignation from the Netherlands, as we must pray him to do according to his mercy. FareweU; and may Almighty God very long preserve you to the advanceraent of his glory and the edification of his church ! London, July 10, 1572. Your RICHARD HILLES. 18— 2' 276 BISHOP HORN [let. LETTER CV. BISHOP HORN TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Fahnham Castle, Jan. 10, 1573. Grace and peace in Christ ! Though you truly describe me, my Bullinger, beloved in Christ, as one who is for the most part distracted by numerous and important engagements, as weU by those of a private nature as by the pubUc affans both of church and state ; yet, however I may be occupied, I have always leisure both for reading and answering your letters. For as your conversation, when present, was always deUghtful to me, so now your letters in your absence are most pleasant and agreeable ; by which alone, when I am here, I seem to myself to be listening, to my great and incredible comfort, to one whom, when I was there, I never beheld without great and pecuUar pleasure. But to come to that part of your letter which is of the greatest importance, and wherein you make so eamest and positive a request, that you may learn from me what is the present posture of affairs both in ehurch and state, in this and the neighbouring countries. Respecting France first of aU, you have doubtless heard long since, and not without the greatest concern, the wretched and calamitous condition of the churches in those quarters ; how that unhappy country, stiU dripping (as it were) with a horrible and bloody slaughter', is foully dyed in the blood of the saints. In which we have this solitary but yet certain comfort, that, as the blood of Christians is the seed of the gospel, so, in proportion as they shaU have sown the seed more abundantly, we may expect a more abundant harvest. Respecting the Belgic affairs I have hardly any thing to communicate. The Prince [of Orange], resting the whole of this winter season in Holland, has done nothing worthy of notice that I know of. It does not yet appear what he wUl P Namely, the massacre of St Bartholomew, Aug. 24, 1672, for the particulars of which the reader is referred to Davila's History of the civil wars, SuUy's memoirs, Mezeray's History of France, Wraxall's History of the House of Valois, Thuanus, &c. See p. 291.] cv.] TO HENRY BULLINGER. 277 do when the spring comes on. But as the aUiance with France is now at an end, I ara afraid lest all things should becorae worse. Scotland, under her present circumstances, is quiet, and desires peace. For the raajority have gone over to the king's party, who reigns by alraost universal consent. But what will be the issue of this peace, in this uncertain state of affairs in general, we are unable to determine ; we hope indeed, as we also wish, for the best. Our England, haring secured tranquiUity at home and peace abroad, is saiUng as it were with full sails and a prosper ous breeze. The church, however, is vehemently agitated, and not without danger ; not so much from the opposition of the papists, who are daily restrained by severe laws, as by the stumbUng-blocks occasioned by false brethren, who seem to be sUding into anabaptism. May the Lord Jesus at length, by his coming down from heaven, extinguish aU the flames of this tumultuous world, and so take away the sorrows of the militant chm-ch, that aU tears may be wiped away from our eyes, and we raay all triumph together with him for ever in the heavenly and new Jerusalem ! FareweU in Christ Jesus. From my castle at Farnham, Jan. 10, 1572. [1573.] Yours whoUy in Christ, ROBERT WINTON. LETTER CVI. BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, Jan. 20, 1573. I RECEIVED on the 23rd of May your most beautiful and pious address, together with your letters to myseff and Jewel. Jewel's letter I retained in my possession, as he h^d departed this life before its arrivals P See note 1, p. 260.] 278 BISHOP PARKHURST [lET. The queen of Scotland stiU remains among us. She was in great alarm for herself last parliaments and not without reason; for had not the extreme clemency of our queen prevented it, it would have been aU over with her. What wiU be done respecting her in the next parUament, I cannot teU. She has certainly very few friends ui this country. And what wonder, when she has been hankering after this kmg dom, and is defiled and almost overwhelmed with so many and great crimes ? Since those three quarrelsome preachers' have been sent away from hence, the greatest quiet and unanimity is prevailing in the Dutch ehurch. Your reply to the Bavarian articles^ is translated into English, and is in every one's hands. I received another letter from you on December 10th, in which you write that a great disturbance had arisen in the Grisons. The pope, who is the author of this and every thing else that is bad, is going on in his old way. But it is weU that it is put an end to by the death of that most popish vagabond, who endeavoured to restore popery. On the first of AprU wUl coramence our famous sittings of parliament. The frost and snow have continued these eight weeks, and almost 'without intermission during the whole time. But, praised be God! they have at length left us. Farewell, my excellent BuUinger. Salute in my name aU P A few days after the parliament met, the lord' keeper sent for the lower house, and declared to them, that it was the queen's pleasure, that a certain number of the upper house, and of the lower, should the next morning meet together in the star-chamber, to consult and debate upon the queen of Scots' matters. A committee accordingly was appointed of commoners, to meet with the lords, to consider how to proceed in that great cause. And after the conference, Mr Attorney of the court of wards made report of that conference. And at length it was resolved, for the better safety and preservation of the queen, and the present state, to proceed against the Scottish queen in the highest degree of treason. And therein to touch her, as well in life, as in title and dignity; and diat of necessity, with all possible speed, by the voice of the house. The queen however, for certain respects by herself conceived, thought good for this time to defer, but not to reject, that com-se of proceeding. Strype, Annals, ii. i. 196, 197.] P See above, p. 266.] P See note, p. 110.]' CVI.J TO HENRY BULUNGER. 279 your family, male and female, and aU my Zurich friends. My wife, who is now iU of the gout, salutes you aU. In haste. Ludham, 20 Jan. 1573. Yours most sincerely, JOHN PARKHURST, [bishop] of Norwich. LETTER CVII. BISHOP COX TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Ely, Feb. 4, 1573. Your two letters, Rodolph, dearly beloved in Christ, were brought to me last summer, and received not without great satisfaction. The* first exhibited the exceeding ingenuousness of a pious breast : for you wUl rarely raeet with persons endowed with such sincerity of mind, as to take in good part the advice of a friend ; but the grace of the Holy Spirit has enlightened and imbued you with that charity, that you hope all things, and believe all things, and interpret all things for the best. But your last letter most clearly manifested a true brotherly affection to our church, as well as towards myself and some of my episcopal brethi-en; since, namely, you vouchsafed to do us the honour of dedicating to us your exposition of the epistles of Saint Paul to the Corinthians'*. This exposition indeed is so learned, pious, and perspicuous, P This letter is preserved in Strype, Life of Parker, iii. 193, and wiU be found in the appendix to this volume.] P About the autumn of 1672 did Gualter pubUsh mnety-five homUies upon the former epistle to the Corinthians, which he dedicated to bishops Grindal, Sandys, Hoi-n, Cox, Parkhurst, and Pilkmgton. In his prefatory epistle to them, his argument ran chiefly of the unity of the church; wherein he shewed, that none ought rashly to depart from its society for the rices of any that Uved in it. See Strype, Life of Parker, n. 113. Annals, n. i, 462.] 280 BISHOP co.x [: LET. that it needs no commendation of mine, which indeed is but of little value; By your having subjoined an admonition to brotherly unity, you manifestly erince that you entertain the greatest affection towards our church, and desire that we should serve the Lord our God without hinderance and dis traction of mind. For it is in this way that lhe glory of God and the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ may be promoted with the greatest success, although there must needs be heresies in the mean time for the trying of the elect. You make use of many arguments in your preface, and those most powerful ones ; but I dai-e not decide what weight they wiU have with our innovators. MeanwhUe, however, I wiU not doubt but that the word of the Lord wiU bring forth its fruit in due season. I return you my best thanks for the book you sent rae. If I am unable fuUy to return your kindness, I wiU not in the mean time cease from taking care of and proriding for your son of exceUent promise, so long as he shaU sojourn among us. And as far as he is concerned, I must desire you to shut both your ears : for you would deservedly think me most ungrate ful, if I did not shew you some little kindness. When I had entirely gone over your preface, I was exceedingly sorry that it had been published before you had been fuUy acquainted with the absurdities of our people. For they have lately broken down, by their abusive wi-itings, the barriers of all the order of our church. But that you may partly under stand their design, I send you sorae heads or articles, which they have printed, and taken upon theraselves to raaintain. I could wish that you, together with ray very dear brother in Christ, raaster BuUinger, would consider and decide upon them; and if it is not too much trouble, that you would send me your opinion respecting them. Articles drawn up by certain Englishmen now disturbers of the state of the Anglican church : I. The names and functions of archbishops, bishops, and other officials, ought to be altogether aboUshed. II. The election' of the ministers of the word and sacra ments should be restored to the people, as not belonging to the episcopal office. CVII.] TO EODOLPH GUALTER. 281 III. No one ought to be confined to set foi:ms of prayer. IV. No sacrament ought to be administered without being preceded by a sermon, preached, and not read. V. The father alone ought to answer for his child in baptism, without any other sponsors. VI. All the mimsters of the church ought to be equal, not one superior to another. VII. They condemn the order of confirmation, in which the bishops lay their hands upon the chUdren on their repeating the catechism, and pray the Lord that he raay vouchsafe to increase in them the knowledge of his word and godliness. VIII. They cannot endure the sermons which are preached at the burial of the dead. IX. They cannot endure the reading of the holy scriptures in the ehurch. There are, moreover, other things reaUy too absurd, with which I am unwiUing to take up your time, and weary you with my too troublesome importunity. Satan is envious of our prosperity. It is not enough to have the papists our enemies, without stirring up raen of their opinion who are labouring to bring about a revolution in the church. One thing I had almost forgotten to mention. There came out last sumraer an immense volume by one Nicolas Saunders, who is, they say, a countryman of ours ; the title of which is " The Monarchy of the Church'." He appears to have been a mercenary employed by certain cardinals, aided by the assistance of others, and decked out like iEsop's jack-daw. The tempest is violent, and would seem to demoUsh all our pretensions at one blast. It takes away from christian magistrates the right of deciding in matters qf religion, and claims it entirely for the pope and his officers as the supreme governor of the church. Our friend Jewel is dead, and has left among us but few equal to him. P, The title in Latin is, De visibili monarchid. It was answered by Dr Bartholomew Clerk, of King's CoUege, Cambridge, (in a book entitled, Fidelis servi subdito infideli responsio, cum examine errorum N. Sanders in libra de visibili monarchid,) mi also by Dr Ackworth. Strype, Life of Parker, n. 181.] 282 BISHOP cox TO RODOLPH GUALTER. [LET. It is therefore both your concern and mine, to cut off the heads of this hydra. I have your book respecting the pope being antichrist, which this raan takes much pains to refute. You will not, I hope, aUow him to triumph. May the great and good God preserve you many years for the safety of his church ! From the Isle of Ely in England. Feb. 4, 1572, accord ing to the English computation. ' I send you a remembrance, though a verj' smaU one, of five EngUsh crowns. Your most attached brother in Christ, RICHARD ELY, bishop in England. LETTER CVIII. BISHOP COX TO HENRY BULLINGER. [Without date.]' Your letter, reverend brother in Christ, cannot be other wise than agreeable to me, breathing as it does so much piety and kindness. I heartily congratulate you on the possession of those bodily powers which you mention, and which by the grace of .God will enable you to perform your office. May our gracious Lord preserve them to you for many years, to the glory of his name and the edifying of the church ! I glory in the Lord together vrith you, that having reached through his bounty my seventy-fourth year, I am not so deprived of strength as to be unable to do credit, in some measure at least, to the situation in which I am placed; excepting only that a trembling of my hands in some degree hinders the use of my pen. I only entreat my Lord that I may never becorae indolent in my office, but that I may grow more and more active even unto the last act of the di-ama. I P This letter seems to have been sent at the same time 'with the preceding one, and is therefore arranged accordingly.] CVIIliJ BISHOP COX TO EENRY BULLINGER. 283 am sorry that you are without a copy of your books. I gave directions to our printer to forward you. some, which I hear from him that he wiU faithfully undertake to do, unless all the copies should be dispersed. As to what you write respecting the Turks, and those who side with them, I raust confess that we live in an evil age, and are faUen upon raost perilous times. And when this circum stance comes into the minds of pious persons, they admire even to amazement the inscrutable judgments of God, as to what vrill become of the godly, when so many christian kingdoms are invaded and laid waste by the Turk; when he is even now hanging over our heads; when the reUgion of Christians is thrust into a comer, and distracted and tom in pieces by innumerable disputes and contentions ; and lastly, when it is every where harassed and oppressed by the most cruel perse cutions of the papists. For three transgressions and for four the Lord will not turn. [Amos i. 3-] I greatly fear also, what wiU be the consequence of these most obstinate contentions of ours, and of those principles of ungodly men so entirely op posed to christian love. I wish, indeed, they would follow the advice of that book which you lately pubUshed concerning the agreement of ministers ; but this is rather to be desired than hoped for. You raay obtain some information about these disputes from our exceUent friend, raaster Gualter. Our people are stiU persisting in making innovations. They find fault with that prayer wherein we pray God that we may be deU vered from all adversities^. We use in our prayers the song of the blessed Virgin, of John the Baptist', and of the aged Simeon. This they cannot endure. We use also to repeat at the end of each psalra, when they are said before the people, " Glory be to the Father, and tp the Son, and to the Holy Ghost." This they caU vain repetition. But I wUl desist frora troubUng you any farther with these vanities ; we ask of God a remedy for them. MeanwhUe, however, we do not cease P "Exceptions were taken to prayer against tempest, when none seems at hand; to the Magnificat, and other scriptural hymns, mtro duced for no conceivable purpose but to honour the Virgin, the Baptist, or simUar personages, therefore profanations of scripture." Soames's EUzabethan Hist. p. 167.] . P i.e. the Benedictus, uttered at the birth of Jolm the Baptist. Luke L 68, &c.] 284 BISHOP cox TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. to oppose evils of this kind, as far as the Lord may vouchsafe to afford us strength. I have not yet received your book on the persecutions of the church. I desire, my esteeraed brother in Christ, that you may live in safety many years, and that you may use your exertions for the restoration of the church of God, even to the end. I have sent six crowns of this country to my friend Julius. Your most attgiched brother in Christ, The bishop and .servant of the church of Ely, RICHARD COX, bishop of Ely. LETTER CIX. BISHOP COX TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Ely, June 12, 1573. I RECEIVED your letter, Gualter, dearly beloved brother in Christ, in this present month of June, 1573. I am sur prised that the letters have not yet reached you, which I wrote at the beginning of last spring both to yourself and to my reverend father and brother, master BuUinger. It would have been far raore gratifying and agreeable to me for you to have learned from the letter I then wrote, with how rauch delight your discourses were received, together with your letter no ticing with so rauch prudence, learning, and piety, sorae points now controverted among us. You would have leai-ned more over from that letter of raine, what confusion has been oc casioned in our not iU-constituted church, by some factious and heady men, who in their writings' and sermons, and private [' The bishop seems to refer to the celebrated admonition to the parliament, for an account of which see Strype, Life of Whitgift, I. 54, &c. and Soames's Elizabethan History, p. 163, &c. The latter writer states that " its authors, ostensibly, and perhaps principaUy, wei-e John Field and Thomas WUcox, two puritanical clergymen of great CIX.J BISHOP, cox TO RODOLPH . GUALTER. 285 conversation, condemn and pull in pieces the whole economy of our church, and bring aU the bishops and other ministers of the word into incredible disfavour with the people, and also with the raagistrates and nobiUty. Nay, they even reject this order as being of no use to the church of Christ, and are striving by every means in their power that it may be alto gether abolished. But the Lord God has imbued our raost religious queen and some of her principal ministers with that discretion and piety, that these men, as I hope, wiU strive to no purpose. Their object is to revive the ancient presbytery of the primitive church, and to estabUsh such an equality among aU ministers, that they may be despised and rejected even by the church itself; so that it is to be feared lest Christ himself should be ba,nished by little and little. As to your son having sent a letter in the way you mention, he has ingenuously performed the part of a weU principled young man. If he would come and see rae raore frequently, or address rae by letter, he should not have to re pent the perforraance of so trifling a courtesy. You must not be grieved, ray Gualter, that the sectaries are shewing them selves to be mischievous and wicked interpreters of your most just opinion. For it cannot be otherwise, but that tares must grow in the Lord's field, and that in no sraall quantity. Of this kind are the Anabaptists, Donatists, Arians, papists, and aU the good-for-nothing tribe of the sectaries. But our solid comfort is from Christ: "Blessed are ye when men shall speak eril of you falsely, for my sake." Your remarks about ob serving moderation in extemal matters, provided that the truth of Christ and faith is raaintained inviolate, proceed frora sin cere piety and raost soUd judgraent. With respect to their estimation of your character, they are indeed contemptible, who desist not from attacking the character of all good men : they are unable however to injure either your reputation or mine by their reviUngs. For it is not to them, but to the Lord, that we stand and faU. I hope you have received before this time my former letters sent to master Bullinger and yourself. I took care that they note among the Londoners oftheir party." To these "GUbye, Sampson, Lever, are added by Abp. Bancroft, in his Survey of the pret^BfJed Holy discipline."] 286 BISHOP cox TO RODOLPH GUALTER. [lETi should be delivered, together with twenty-five gulden', as they caU them, by Richard HUles, a raerchant of this country, to your friend Froschover, to be forwarded to you. May the Lord Jesus very long preserve you in safety to us, for the very great advantage of his church ! Salute in my name that pUlar of the church of Christ, master Henry BulUnger. Frora ray episcopal house in the isle of Ely, in England, June 12, 1573. Your raost loving friend in Christ, RICHARD COX, bishop of Ely. LETTER CX. BISHOP PILKINGTON TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated July 20, 1573. Jesus. Much health. If the sarae proportion of leisure and health were afforded me to read what you with unwearied labour have committed to the press, as there has been time and strength allotted you to write, I should indeed think myself a happy man; but since I am prevented from being able to do so by my frequent infirmities, and, besides the daily care of the chm-ches and public business, am perpetuaUy straggling with disease and death, I congratulate the church of God, in the defence of which you are so great and so active a labourer ; (though in this old age of the world and my own declining years I grieve for myseff, as one who can scarcely hope to enjoy the agreeable fruits of your exertions ;) and I wish you the years of Nestor, that you may be enabled the more successfuUy to complete what you have so successfuUy begun. How many are greatly deUghted 'with your most learned commentaries, and especially your last upon both the epistles to the Corinthians, (for which also I retum you indivi dually my warmest thanks,) I am unwiUing now to teU you by recounting them ; neither will I declare how highly I think of them, lest I should seem rather to be a vain flatterer than P A gulden is about half-a-crown of EngUsh money.] ex.] BISHOP PILKINGTON TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 287 one who sincerely praises you to your face. Go on as you have begun. Exalt the Lord God in your writings ; edify the chm-ch by explaining her mysteries, instract the unlearned, excite the leamed to exertion ; exhort, advise, rebuke each ; and you wiU have the Lord, who is the universal inspector of aU mankind, as the most ample approver and rewarder of the labours you have bestowed in the dressing of his vineyard. But here, I pray you, pause awhUe with me, and mourn over this our church at this time so miserably divided, not to say, wholly rent in pieces. Commend her to the Lord your God, and entreat him that, having compassion upon us, he may very soon provide sorae godly remedy for the healing of her wounds, that she may not be utterly destroyed. Your pradence has heard, I weU know, and that often enough to weary you, of that unhappy dispute araong some of our friends respecting the affair of the habits and the dress of the clergy, and how great a disturbance it had excited ; but it has now so broken out afresh, nay more, that which heretofore lurked in dissimulatioii has now so openly discovered itself, that not only the habits, but our whole ecclesiastical polity, discipUne, the revenues of the bishops, ceremonies or public forms of worship, liturgies, vocation of ministers, or the minis tration of the sacraments, — all these things are now openly attacked from the press, and it is contended with the greatest bitterness, that they are not to be endured in the church of Christ. The doctrine alone they leave untouched : as to every thing else, by whatever name you caU it, they are clamourous for its removal. The godly moum, the papists exult, that we are now fighting against each other, who were heretofore wont to attack thera with our united forces ; the weak know not what or whom to beUeve ; the godless are altogether insensible to any danger ; the Romish priesthood are gaping for the prey, and are like beUows carefully blowing up the flame, that the mischief may increase. It is lamentable to behold, and dread ful to hear of such things taking place among those who pro fess the same reUgion ; and yet the entire blame is laid upon the bishops, as if they alone, if they chose, were able to eradi cate aU these erils. We endure, I raust confess, many things against our inclinations, and groan under them, which if we wished ever so much, no entreaty can remove. We are under 288 BISHOP PILKINGTON TO RODOLPH GUALTER. [lET. a;Uthority, and cannot make any innovation without the sanction of the queen, or abrogate any thing without the authority of the laws; and the only alternative now aUowed us is, whe ther we wiU bear with these things or disturb the peace of the church. I wish all parties would understand and foUow your wholesome adrice in your preface to the Epistle to the Corinthians, respecting the variety of rites and discipline in individual churches. But these men are crying out that no thing is to be endured in the rites of the church, which is later than the times of the apostles, and that aU our discipUne must be derived frora thence, and this at the peril of the soul and our eternal salvation. Accept, I pray you, in good part these few crowns in token of my regard for you and for your sound doctrine. I would have offered more, but we are making a coUection for the poor French' [protestants], who, exiled and plundered of their property, have taken refuge partly at Geneva, and partly in this country. You wiU learn from the accompanying verses all that has been done in Scotland. I salute in the Lord aU your brethren in the ministry, and especiaUy the reverend master BuUinger, to whom I beg my excuses for not having written to him in dividually ; and I pray, that smce you are both one, you wiU be satisfied with this one letter. Communicate it, if you please, to him, that he may sympathise and condole in our misfortunes. May the Lord Jesus long preserve happy Zurich in her ancient peace and the fear of God! FareweU in the Lord, my very dear brother in Christ. July 20, 1573. The great admirer of your learning and piety, JAMES PILKINGTON, Dunelm. [' The case of the French Church in London had been before recom mended by the queen to the Archbishop of Canterbury and other bishops in 1569, on the breaking out of the third civil war in France between the papists and the confederate protestants. The archbishop recom mended the case to the dean and chapter of Canterbury, in whose register this order is extant : " Anno 1669, June 8, agreed, that there shall be, at the contemplation of the lord archbishop his grace's letters, given out of the church treasury to the poor [afflicted] French Church in London, towards their relief, six pounds, thirteen shiUings and four- pence.'' Strype, Annals, i. ii. 290.] CXI.] LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 289 LETTER CXI. LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Oxford, July 28, 1573. Immanuel. Your son Gualter, together with your letter, came to me at Oxford. He is the very image of yourself, and a trae Zuinglian^. He is living in Magdalene coHege, agree able to myself, acceptable to my friends, and welcorae to the university. The Earl of Bedford, and Parkhurst, your friend and our bishop, reverenced by me on raany accounts, have given hira letters of introduction ; so that both for your sake and at the request of these distinguished men, I have admitted him to my friendship and to my college, congratulating myself that I have such an inmate'. Parklmrst most fully promises to supply hira with every thing necessary, and I wiUingly offer my aid and assistance to contribute in any way to the benefit of so exceUent a youth. For I both love the ingenuous manners and frank disposition of the man, and confess that I owe every thing to such a father, who has employed so many days and nights in raising up children of the gospel, and in plantmg a nurseiy of the christian church. Persevere in employing your self in that holy work ; that while tirae is afforded us, we raay StiU defend the purity of religion, and iUustrate that truth which has hitherto, through ignorance or malice, been hidden in the dark den of the Romanists. For it is most delightful to continue singing even unto grey hairs ; and hence the voice of the aged, Uke the descant of the swan, is sweetest and [^ His mother was the daughter of Zumglius. See note 2, p. 30] [' Parkhurst wrote to Gualter himself, being upon his departure to Oxford: "When you come to Oxford, you shall be provided with all things. If any thing be wantuag at any time, I have written now once again to Dr timphrey and Mr Cole, to provide the same for you. And at one of their hands you shaU receive what you have need of; and I will see the same discharged." He concluded his letter with his counsel : " If you apply yourself to your studies, and do well, you shall want nothing, but shall find me, not a friend only, but another father unto you. God keep you, and give you grace to do that becometh you, to his glory, and aU your friends' comfort." See Strype, Ann. ii. i. 337.] 19 290 LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO RODOLPH GUALTER. [leT. most solemn. For this it is that a talent is bestowed on you by the Lord; for this, peace and leisure and retirement are afforded you ; for this, the convenience of a most excel lent press, that in this abundance of every thing, and with this best of opportunities, you may be of use to us Britons, divided as we are from all the world, and standing in need of almost aU these means of assistance. However, by the blessing of God, aU things are now at peace among us, notwithstanding pur neighbour's house is on fire. For the torch of civil war in France and Flanders is not yet put out, although a con ference is being held respecting some honourable conditions of peace. In Scotland, the virgin castle of Edinburgh', for so the Scots caUed it, albeit hitherto unconquered, is at last reduced and taken. Our queen" subdued it, not for herseff, but for the young king. Their queen, therefore, being kept in cus tody in this country, and all the conspirators having either surrendered or been destroyed, not only a mutual alliance is taking place among us, but the same religion received by universal consent is prospering in that kingdom. May the Lord Jesus preserve, and load with every blessing, both your self and your friends, masters BuUinger, Simler, Lavater, &c. and the whole church ! In haste, in the midst of our Mag dalene commemoration. Oxford, July 28, 1573. Your raost devoted, LAURENCE HUMPHREY. P The castle surrendered on the 28th of May, being the 33rd day of the siege; for an account of which see Camden's Elizabeth, p. 197.] [^ Sir Thomas Smith was earnest with the queen, to send aid to reduce the rebels in Scotland, who had fortified Edinburgh Castle against the king and regent ; and for that purpose he let the queen understand from Mr KUligrew, her ambassador in Scotland, how dangerously things stood there, and therefore that it was his desire that the peace-makers (as he phrased it) might shortly be transported thither; to whom, when the queen asked, "who be they V "Many," said he, "your majesty's cannons ; they must do it, and make a final conclusion.'' " Then,'' said the queen, " I warrant you, and that shortly." Strype, Life of Smith, 129. See Smith's Letter to Lord Burghleigh, MS. IIai-1. 6991, 14.] CXII.J ARCHBISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. 293 LETTER CXII. ARCHBISHOP GRINDAL TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated al York, July 31, 1573. Health in Christ ! About the end of Deceraber last, my dearest master BuUinger, I received your letter written on the 24th of August ; on which day, by a savage and unheard of ci-uelty, the Admiral^ with other nobUity, and the greatest part of the faithful, were massacred at Paris. These are the fi-uits of that egregious treaty with France, from which we expected so much advantage ! The Sicilian Vespers* indeed were infaraous of old ; but these French Matins, if I raay so call them, leave them far behind. The Lord beholds these tMngs, and wUl make inquisition. Many exUes' from France hawe sought refuge in London, and among them raany rainisters ofthe churches, who are there kindly received with hospitality,. and supported by the alms of the godly. Our affairs, after the settlement of the controversy respect ing ceremonies, were for some tirae very quiet : when some virulent pamphlets" carae forth, privately printed, contrary P Viz. Coligni. " De Thou, perhaps, faUs short rather than exceeds- in his computation, when he fixes the whole number of Huguenots who perished, at Uttle below thirty thousand; of that number at least one- third may be aUotted to Paris." See Smedley's Hist, of the Reformed Religion in France, Vol. ii. p. 34, and the testimonies there cited.] P The massacre of the French in Sicily on Easter Monday, March 30, 1282.] P See p. 288.] P The admonition to the ParUament, soon after the publishing of it, was backed with three other pamphlets, sent to Dr Whitgift, as it were a challenge; wluch he briefly answered towards the end of his answer to the admonition. The first was a preface to the other two. The second was caUed, An Exhortation to the Bishops to deal bro therly with tiieir brethren. The third. An Exhortation to the Bishops and their Clergy, to answer a little Sook that came f wth the last Parliament; and to the other brethren, to judge of it by God's word, until they see it answered; and not be carried away with any respect of men. See Strype, Life of Whitgift, Vol. i. p, 80, &c. who gives a full aecount of the above writings.] 19—2 292 ARCHBISHOP GRINDAL [lET. to law, in which almost the whole external polity of our church was attacked. For they maintain that archbishops and bishops should altogether be reduced to the ranks ; that the ministers of the church ought to be elected solely by the people ; that they ought aU to be placed upon an equaUty ; that in every city, town, parish, or village, a consistory should be established, consisting of the niinister and elders of the place, who alone are to decide upon aU ecclesiastical affairs : (they state) that the chm-ch of England has scarcely the appearance of a christian church, — that no set form of prayer ought to be prescribed, but that in the holy assembUes each minister should pray as the Holy Ghost may dictate ; that the infants of popish recusants, as far as the use of baptism is concerned, are unclean, (I use their own words,) but yet that they are not on that account to be excluded from the election of God. I pass over raany things which it would be tedious to recount. But a royal edict was lately published, in which libels of this sort are forbidden to be circulated for the future; which circurastance, as I hope, will retard their endeavours. They are young men who dis seminate these opinions, and they have their supporters, especially from among those who are gaping for eccle siastical property : but yet I am glad to say, that Hum phrey, and Sampson, and sorae others, who heretofore moved the question about ceremonies, are entirely opposed to this party. The castle of Edinburgh in Scotland, about which I before wrote, haring been battered for twenty successive days by our English cannon, was at length forced to surrender on the 28th of May last. The chief rebels' were punished; so that at this tirae the whole of Scotland is reduced to obedience under the young king, and is altogether alienated from the French, both on account of the difference of religion, and the cruelty which was last year exercised towards the faithful; but most devoted to our queen (who has so often defended the liberties of the Scots,) as you may easily see by the inclosed verses, printed at Edinburgh. P "Grange and his brother, with eleven Scots goldsmiths, were hanged at Edinburgh." Lord Burghley to the Earl of Slirewsbul-y, in Lodge, Vol. n. p. 33.] CXll.J TO HENRY BULLINGER. 293 The affairs of France are sufficiently known to you. In Holland and Zealand the prince of Orange is superior in his navy, but on land the contest is always doubtful. May the Lord take compassion on his church, and at length put an end to these erils, that we raay with one raouth glorify him, whom I pray very long to preserve your piety in safety to his church ! York, the last day of July, 1573. Your most devoted in the Lord, EDMUND YORK. P.S. It was my intention, God wilUng, to have sent you at the spring fair some little remembrance of me, which however was not ready at that time through the neglect of the workman. LETTER CXIII. ARCHBISHOP GRINDAL TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at York, July 31, 1573. Health in Christ, my very dear master Gualter ! Your desire that your lately published Homilies^ on the first Epistle to the Corinthians should appear under ray narae and that of some other very dear brethi-en and fellow-labourers, was very gratifying to me ; and on that account, as far as concerns myseff, (and I hope the others wiU do the same,) I retum your piety ray best thanks. Your son sent me two copies bound, one of which I forwarded to the lord bishop of Durham, to whom, as he writes me word, the present was raost accept able ; the other I retain rayself. There is no reason why you should be so careful to apologize for your freedom in writing to me. For although you are not personaUy known to me, you are weU known to rae by your writings, abounding as they do in singular erudition and learning; and on account of the excellent piety which they breathe, and I wiU add too, on account of our most close agreement in the true doctrine of Christ,' you are most dear to me. P See note 6. p. 279.] 29'i ARCHBISHOP GRINDAL TO RODOLPH GUALTER. [l^T.; As I am myself far distant from Cambridge, I have earnestly recoramended your son to Dr John Whitgift, the master of his coUege' ; whom I have also requested to shew himseff a sufficiently severe censor of his morals, should there; be any occasion for his doing so. But I hope there wiU be no occasion for this ; for I hear that your son is vei-y, studious and modest, and far removed from all lerity of conduct. I wrote a few Unes to BuUinger respecting our affairs, which he doubtless 'will coraraunicate to you. I -wrote likewise to Richard HiUes, a merchant of London, that he should take care to transmit to you, at the next Frankfort fair, fifty French crowns ; namely, thirty from myself, and the reraaining twenty^ from the bishop of Durhara, whose letter you -wiU receive at the same time with this. We pray you to take in good part this little present. FareweU in Christ, my vei-y dear brother in the Lord. York, the last day of July, 1573. Yours in Christ, EDMUND YORK. LETTER CXIV BISHOP SANDYS TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at London, Aug. 15, 1573. On many accounts, most esteemed sir, I am greatly in your debt; both because you have always regai-ded me with the greatest kindness and affection, and because you have con descended to write to me so dUigently and so frequently. For all which things, though I cannot make an equal return, yet I wiU thank you as much as I can, and shall at all times readUy. acknowledge myself very much indebted to you for yom- pecu liar kindness. You must not irapute it to neglect that I so seldom write, to you, but to the unfrequency of the means of communication between us, especiaUy in these most turbulent times, when war [' i.e. Trinity CoUege.] p See p. 288.] CiilV.J BISHOP SANIJYS to HENS-V BULLINGER. 295 tod tumults and slaughter are every where rife. For there is no one to whom I should write with greater pleasm-e than to master BuUinger, whora, as I have always loved him exceed ingly for his great courtesy, so have I also much venerated for his singular erudition, and rare piety, and other exceUent qualities. For when I caU to my remerabrance, as I very often do, with how much favour and regard I was entertained by you, how like a brother and a friend you treated me wheri an exUe, and the comfort in which I seemed to rayself to Uve among you, I wish for nothing more than that, reUeved from those cases and anxieties with which I am now overwhelmed, I might pass the remainder of my Ufe at Zm-ich as a sojoumer and private person^ Thoughts of this kind are continuaUy occurring to rae ; nor is there any thing that I should wish for more. But I perceive that this cannot be. I am not born for myself: our church, which is most sadly tossed about in these evU times, and is in a most wretched state of confusion, vehemaitly demands aU my exertions ; I dai-e not desert the spouse of Christ in her danger ; for conscience would cry out against me, and convict me of having betrayed her. New orators are rising up frora among us, fooUsh young men, who while they despise authority, and adrait of no superior, are seeking the complete overthrow and rooting up of our whole ecclesiastical polity, so piously constituted and confirmed, and established by the entire consent of raost exceUent men ; and are striving to shape out for us, I know not what new platform of a church. And you would not imagine with what appro bation this new face of things is regarded, as weU by the people as the nobUity. The people are fond of change, and seek after liberty ; the nobility [seek for] what is useful. These good folks promise both, and that in abundance. But that you may be better acquainted with the whole raatter, accept this sum mary of the question at issue reduced under certain heads : 1. The civU magistrate has no authority in ecclesiastical matters. He is only a member of the church, the government of which ought to be coraraitted to the clergy. 2. The chm-ch of Christ adraits of no other govemment than that by presbyteries ; viz. by the minister, elders, and deacon. 3. The names and authority of archbishops, archdeacons. 296 BISHOP SANDYS [lET. deans, chancellors, commissaries, and other titles and dignities of the like kind, should be altogether removed from the church of Christ. 4. Each parish should have its own presbytery. 5. The choice of ministers of necessity belongs to the people. 6. The goods, possessions, lands, revenues, titles, honours, authorities, and all other things relating either to bishops or cathedrals, and which now of right belong to them, should be taken away forthwith and for ever. 7. No one should be allowed to preach who is not a pastor of some congregation ; and he ought to preach to his own flock exclusively, and no where else. 8. The infants of papists are not to be baptized. 9. The judicial laws of Moses are binding upon christian princes, and they ought not in the slightest degree to depart from thera. There are many other things of the same kind, not less absurd, and which I shall not raention ; none of which, as far as I can judge, will make for the advantage and peace of the church, but for her ruin and confusion. Take away authority, and the people will rush headlong into every thing that is bad. Take away the patrimony of the church, and you wUl by the same means take away not only sound leaming, but religion itself. But I seem perhaps to prejudge the matter. I anxiously desire, most learned sir, to hear your opimon, and those of masters Gualter, Simler, and the rest of the brethren, respecting these things ; which for ray own part I shall wiU ingly follow, as being sound and agreeable to the word of God. For if the whole raatter in controversy were left to your arbi tration, it would doubtless much contribute to the peace of our chmch. These good men are crying out that they have all the reformed churches on their side. I say nothing of the state of our commonwealth: every thing is quiet hitherto, but it is to be feared that these in testine dissensions may tend at length to the ruin of the country. I send your reverence as much EngUsh cloth as wiU make you a gown. Make use of it, I pray you, and accept it with your wonted kindness. FareweU, most esteemed sir, and com- CXlV.J TO HENRY BULLINGER. 297 mend me, I pray you, to God in your prayers. In haste, London, England, Aug. 15, 1573. Your brother in Christ, EDWIN SANDYS, bishop of London. LETTER CXV. BISHOP COX TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Ely, Feb. 3, 1574. I RETURN you my best thanks, my dear brother in Christ, for having sent me a most courteous letter, which I received in December, and in which you clearly manifest your anxiety for the church of Christ, though at so great a distance from j'ou. This indeed ought to be the chief solicitude of every pastor in the church, but of those raore especially, who in the en dowments of leaming and judgment and piety are superior to the rest. When Dr Whitgift, the most vehement eneray of the schismatics, and the chief instrument against them in our church, had perceived these unraly raen to have. burst by their reckless attacks the ban-iers of law and of religion, which had been so well and so peacefully established ; and that they had openly distributed infamous paraphlets' which had been privately committed to the press ; and also that from your letter" to our friend Parkhurst, which they had communicated P One book here referred to is called. An admonition to the Par liament, by Thomas Cartwright. It had been printed and reprinted privately no less than four times, notwithstanding the dUigence of the bishops to suppress it. Strype, Parker, n. 110. See note 6, p. 291.] P The discontented brethren, in 1665 or 1566, thought it convenient to certify the foreign churches of the transactions then against them. And for that intent they dispatched two of their party to Geneva and Helvetia; who, when they were come to Zurich, declared unto Gualter and the other ministers there the same that they had done at Geneva, (filling his ears with grievous accusations of the bishops' dealings with the mmisters.) Gualter hastily composed and sent a letter to his old 29& ¦ BISHOP cox [let. to raany persons, they had alrieady obtained a handle for confirming their errors, he thought that the publication of yom- letter' to me would tend very much to the defence of the truth. Your first letter was extorted from you by those who falsely accused us ; but the siraple trath brought the second to light. And there is no reason why you should be disturbed about the publication of what has procured credit and reputa tion to yomself, inasmuch as it espouses the cause of truth, of which no one ought to be asharaed. I acquainted you with sorae of the en-ors of our raen, in the questions I proposed to you; and you have gratified rae raost exceedingly by the candid and sincere declaration of your senti ments : for the opinions of inasters BuUinger and Gualter are of no Uttle weight in our church. But these disputants of ours are so shuffling and so tenacious of their own opinion, that they wiU give way to no one who opposes their judgment ; and they are striring to draw aU your writings over to their side by a per verted interpretation of thera. To give you an instance of their candour, they are zealously endeavouring to overthrow the en tire order of our Anglican church. Night and day do they im portune both the people and the nobiUty, and stir them up to abhorrence of those persons who, on the aboUtion of pppery, are faithfuUy dischai-ging the duties of the ministry ; and they busy themselves in everywhere weakening and diminishing their credit. And that they may effect this with greater ease and plausibiUty, they bawl out to those harpies who are greedfly hankering after plunder and spoU, that the property and revenues of the cathedral churches ought to be diverted to I know not what other uses. Nor wUl they allow bishops to talce any other precedence than as indiridual pastors in their respective parishes, whose highest authority they wish to be friend Bishop Parkhurst, who had sojourned four years at his house at Zurich; and therein he sharply blamed him, and the rest of the bishops, for pressing such indifferent things, and punishing so heavUy those who complied not with them. Of this letter, (for bishop Cox's reply to which see Letter xciv.) several copies were taken, so that falUng into the hands of the Puritans, they printed it with one of Beza's in the said book, called The Admonition, in justification of themselves. See Strype, Parker, ii. 111.] P This letter wiU be found in tlie Appendix.] cxv.] TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 299 that of governing, together with their presbytery, the rest ofthe parishioners. And in this way they set up and estabUsh the equality they speak of. Besides this, they.wiU not acknow ledge any government in the church. They propose moreover, that the estates and houses of the bishops should be appro priated to pious uses; but, more blind than moles, they do not perceive that they wiU soon be swaUowed up by the devouring wolves. There are in this coimtry twenty-three bishopricks, the endowments of some of which are little enough ; others have moderate . ones, and others more abun dant. But aU are within the bounds of moderation. None of the bishops interfere in any matters but the ministry of the word and sacraments, except when the law requires thera, or at the command of the sovereign. Nor in these things, as far as I am aware, do they deal harshly with the brethren, but temper what is severe with surprising lenity. Our opponents, however, would complain most grievously, were our jurisdiction transferred to the laity, as they caU them : they would soon find out that the gold had been exchanged for brass. But how trae are the insinuations which they have whispered against us in the ears of the godly, time will shew. And "our rejoicing is the testimony of our conscience." I wish they would acquiesce in your wholesome and prudent counsel, naraely, to put up with what cannot be araended without great danger. At first they attacked only things of Uttle consequence ; but now they turn every thing, both great and smaU, up and down, and throw all things into confusion ; and would bring the church into very great danger, were not our most pious queen most faithful to her principles, and did she not dread and restram the vanity and inconsistency of these frivolous men. But because we do not decUne to execute the orders of the government, whenever it coramands us to interfere, in bridling in these our tumultuous brethren, on this ground an undue severity, not to say cruelty, is most unjustly laid to our charge. But we have this one comfort, that the religion of Christ is ever accompanied by the cross, which he wiU, by his Holy Spu-it, enable us wiUingly to bear. Your son, a youth of exceUent promise, has only this fault, that he rarely comes to see rae. But I am now obliged to excuse him, because he is residing in om- other university. 300 BISHOP -cox TO RODOLPH GUALTER. [l&T. I mean Oxford, which is a great way off. But I hope that he wiU take leave of me before he goes away. You have acted prudently in so carefuUy proriding for your son, that like Ulysses, he may see the custoras and cities of raany people, and like the industrious bee, extract piety from aU the churches. May God bring him back to be a blessing to his father ! May Christ Jesus very long preserve you to us in safety ! From the Isle of Ely in England, Feb. 3, 1573, according to the Eng Ush computation. Your most loving friend in Christ, Richard Cox, pastor and servant of the church at Ely, RICHARD ELY. LETTER CXVL BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, Feb. 6, 1574. Hail, most agreeable master BulUnger ! Your letter of the 27th of August I received on the 21st of November, at which time' new and severe proclamations were set forth against those who either despise our ceremonies, or re fuse to observe thera. May God direct it for the best, and have compassion upon all the churches of Christ ! God grant that there be not a snake in the grass ! I thank you very rauch for your raost learned treatise on the persecutions of the church, translated into Latin by om- friend Simler, and which I have just now received. The Gei-man [original] never carae to hand. You write me word, that you are a septuagenarian: I wish that you raay at length become a centenarian, were it only for the sake of the church herself. For my own part I have almost completed my sixty-third year, naraely, ray P Oct. 20, a proclamation was published against the despisers and breakers of the orders prescribed in the book of common prayer. See Strype, Parker, ii. 320.] CXVI. J BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 301 climacteric. My wife is, according to her own account, sixty-seven years old and more. I rejoice that all is quiet in Switzerland. I am not sorry that the business about the hired troops turned out so unhappily. The harvest with us here in Norfolk did not begin before the feast of Bartho lomew", and was very wet and showery. There was scarce a. fine day during the whole harvest, so that no smaU quantity of grain was lost, though the greatest portion was saved by the unwearied diUgence of the labourers. The dearth not only of wheat, but of evei-y thing else, is very great among us. Do you ask, whence proceeds this carity? It is be cause our charity is growing cold among us^. Before the feast of the Purification* we had no snow in these parts, and scarcely felt the cold. We have now plenty of both. Salute, I pray you, in my name all my friends, and Julius himself not among the last of thera. Woe betide that worst of aU coUectors, Thymelthorp", who wiU not aUow me to coUect any thing for my friends ! But I hope better things. May God preserve you, and all my Zurich friends ! Amen. In haste. London, February 6, 1574. My wife salutes you and youi-s. FareweU. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST, [bishop] of Norwich. P Namely, the 24th of August.] P This remark is borrowed from a Homily of Basil's, written on occasion of a great famine and dearth.] P Namely, the 2nd of Febmary.J p See note 2. p. 266. This man was imprisoned for his defalcation, and during his imprisonment obtained leave of the councU to go for a ¦ivhUe into Norfolk, where he was twice at Ludham with the bishop, and there, holding up his hands and fallmg on his knees, beseeched him that he would pardon him the mjury. To whom the bishop christianly an awered, that he would pardon the injury done him, but the payment of money due to him and the queen he could not pardon. Strype, Annals, n.i. 336] 302 BISHOP PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLER. ' [LETi LETTER CXVII. BISHOP PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLER. Dated at Lddham, Feb. 7, 1574. On the 20th of August I received your letter of the 22nd of February, 1573. That youth WiUiam Bariow, to whom you gave it, was never, as far as I am aware, known to, or seen by me. That ubiquitarian James Andreas', who threatens to write against the divines of Wittemberg^ and my Zurich friends, wUl lose his labour and betray his foUy to every one. So far are we EngUsh from defending either the ubiquitarian or any other monstrous opinions, that we cannot endure them. We only dispute about ceremonies and habits, and things of no importance. O that these skirraishes and contentions may at length be laid to rest and buried in obUrion ! The papists ai-e certainly cherishing, I know not what expectations; bnt I hope -without reason. May the Lord grant an end {finem) to these things, and a haltfer {funem) to the papists. I hope our friend Magdalen has many months since recovered from the ague. May the Lord release from the gout both you and my •mie. Araen. Ludham, February 7, 1574. Salute your wffe and all my friends. My wife salutes you aU. Yom-s, JOHN PARKHURST, [bishop] of Norvrich. P Jacobus Andreas was a professor at Tubingen, and head of the Ubiquitarians in Germany. See Strype, Annals, il U. 104. He was now employed, under the patronage of the elector of Saxonj', and others, in composing a form of doctrine, in which aU the controversies that divided the church should be terminated and decided. See Mosheim.] P Among whom was Pencer, son-in-law to Melancthon, and head of the university of Wittemberg. He aimed at nothing less than abolish ing the doctrine of Luther concenung the eucharist and the person of Christ, with a design to substitute the sentiments of Calvin in its place. For these principles he was imprisoned from 1574, after the convocation of Thorgau, tiU 1585. See Mosheim, and also Casparis Peuceri Histo ria carcerum et Uberationis dirinsE. By Christopher PezeUus, Tiguri, 1605.] CXVni.J BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. 30S LETTER CXVIII. BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ludham, June 29, 1574. May you be safe in Christ, my very dear BuUinger ! In my forraer letter, which I sent you on the Gth of Feb ruary, I expressed my warmest thanks for that very learned little treatise which you sent me respecting the persecutions of the church ; and I now repeat them. The Latin edition I have received ; that in German I have not yet seen. Yom- letter of March 10th came to hand on the 26th of June, in which you state that you have now forwarded to me a certain reply to the Brentian party, and also two homilies on the 130th and 133i-d Psalms. Neither of these have I received. Woe betide those persons by whora so great a treasure has been taken from rae ! A certain young Dutch^ woman about seventeen or eighteen years of age, a servant of the preacher of the church at Norwich, was during a whole year miserably vexed by Satan. In aU her teraptations, however, and dUacerations, she con tinued stedfast in the faith, and withstood the adversary with more than manly fortitude. At last, by God's help, the devU being overcome left her, and almost at the same instant attacked the son of a certain senator, whom he also tormented in a most incredible raanner for some weeks together. PubUc prayers were offered in the city by my direction, and a fast proclaimed until evening. The Lord had mercy also on the boy, and overcame the enemy. The boy was thirteen oi: at most fourteen years old, and, for his age, weU versed in the scriptures, which, stedfast in faith, he boldly launched forth against the enemy. The Lord liveth, by whom this boy and girl, of a weak constitution in other respects, were enabled to overcorae so great and terrible an adversary. To God be the praise ! P See Stiype, Annals, ii. i. 484, and Soames's Elizabethan History, p. 203, where are jelated other stories of the same kind.] 304 BISHOP PARKHURST TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. That confession' of true religion which you pubUshed in 1566, is now read in English, and in the hands of every one. The scarcity of all things still continues among us. Rodolph, the son of our friend Gualter, is coraing back to you: he is a youth weU learned, of good talents, and pious conduct. His father is displeased with him for not liring more economically". If he has acted improperly in this respect, we must make allowance for his youth. Do you earnestly entreat his father not to receive his returning son less favourably than that excellent parent in Luke xv. Salute, I pray you, in my name aU ray friends, your sons and daughters, Dorothy especiaUy, whora I vrish it would please God to unite in marriage to my friend Rodolph. In deed I earnestly desire this, and should rejoice most exceed ingly were it to take place with yom- consent, and that of my friend Gualter ; and you also, as I hope, will rejoice, and the Lord will bless their union. FareweU, my BuUinger, and continue to love me. My wife salutes you aU. In haste. Ludham, June 22, 1574. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST, N[orwich.J LETTER CXIX. BISHOP PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLER. Dated at Ludham, June 30, 1574. Hail, ray Simler. You have no occasion to thank me so heartUy on account of our friend Rodolph^. He is one P The latter confession of Helvetia was 'written by the pastors of Zurich in 1566, and approved and subscribed, not only by the Tigurines themselves, and their confederates of Berne, Schaifhausen, St Gall, Grisons, Mulhausen, and Bienne ; but by the churches of Geneva, Savoy, Poland, and likewise of Hungary and of Scotland.] ¦ p Hc was somewhat a prodigal youth. Strype, Annals, ii. 1. 508.] P Viz. Gualter's son, whom the bishop had mamtained first at Cam bridge, and then at Oxford, and in other places, while he was in England, at his sole expense, though he were somewhat a prodigal youth ; and gave CXIX. J BISHOP PARKHURST TO JOSIAH SIMLER. 305. upon whom fai- greater benefits might worthily be bestowed. Being summoned by his father in a letter sent to me, and persuaded by your advice, he is now hastening horae. I had intended to have kept him longer in England, and supported him at the University of Oxford, and that without any expense to his fatheir ; but since it is your wish, he shaU depart, not only without any opposition on my part, but with ray entire consent. I wiU advance his interests even in his absence. It is a raarveUous occurrence that a cow should have brought forth a fawn ! But the wonder is dirainished, when the circumstance took place in the neighbourhood of these portentous monks. I have neither received your little book against the Bren- tians, nor the Bibliotheca [of Conrad Gesner] enlarged by you*. Froschover has probably forgotten it ; but, however it be, I thank you for your kindness. I wish you would look out for a wife for Rodolph. If you are inclined to take my adrice, Dorothea, BuUinger''s daughter, shall be the person: for she is pious, and, like our friend, the offspring of pious parents : so that you will do weU if they should, by your means, be joined together in holy matriraony. Fare thee weU, ray dearest Josiah. Greet in my name our friends Magdalen, Anna, NobiUtatula, together with their husbands. Heartily salute Haller, Lavater, WonUchius, Wick ius, Julius, Froschover, John Henry Fabricius, MichaeUs, (if he is yet alive;) the Meyers, CeUarii, Thaddeus Betta, and aU the rest. My wife salutes you all. Again fareweU. In haste. Ludham, June 30, 1574. Yours, JOHN PARKHURST, N. him a viaticum, to bear his charges when he returned home. Strype, Annals ii. i. 508.] [* Josiah Simler published at Zurich, in 1574, an abridgement of the Bibliotheca, or Universal Dictionary of Conrad Gesner. Conrad Lycos- thenes [Wolfhart], mmister at Basle, had previously undertaken a com pendium of this great work; but the abridgement of Simler was a much more able perfoi-mance, wherein he not only avoided the defects of Wolfhart, but enriched the work with many valuable additions, which he marked with an asterisk to distmguish them from the origmal work. Frisius published a second edition of Simler's abridgement in 1583.] 20 306 BISHOP cox [let.i LETTER CXX. BISHOP cox TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Ely, July 12, 1574. Your letter, written March 16th, 1574, ray veiy dear brother in Christ, I received in the June foUowing: it was indeed most gratifying to me, both as proceeding from so dear a friend, and as waming us that all the enemies of the, trath are now every where plotting together, and preparing for the destraction of all who profess the rehgion of Christ- It is indeed very important that all godly persons should know this, that they may arm themselves in time 'with the whole armour of God. And though we may for the present seem to be safe, we see nevertheless the dangerous machina tions of the papists surrounding us on every side. Nay more, even frora ourselves, from tirae to tirae, venomous serpents come forth, as from their dens, brandishing their poisonous stings, which by the grace of God we have hitherto escaped. But when I reflect upon the wickedness which evei-y where overflows, and upon not only the neglect but the contempt of the word of God, I am struck with horror, and think with trembling what God is about to decree conceming us. If the psalm. The fool liath said in his heart, Sj-c, or that Let God arise, and let his enemies he scattered, Sj-c., was ever appUcable, it is at this time. You rightly judge, most learned Gualter, concerning the presbyterian systera of our people, and the sounder portion of the clei-gy of the church of England agree -with you ; and these noisy disturbers now give us scarcely any trouble, ex cept that they continue to carp at our rites, Uke ghosts in the dark : they have for some time past been restrained by a rather severe correction, and are now vanquished by a most learned confutation'. When we have so many san- [' Namely, Dr VVhUgift's reply to Cai-twright's "Admonition to the Parliament," for an account of which see Strype, Life of Whitgift, 1. 66, &c.] cxx:] TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 307 guinai-y enemies on all sides, (besides the Turks,) namely the papists, it is indeed to be lamented that so raany dissensions exist in the reforraed churches, as that they seem to be de stroying themselves with their own weapons. May the Lord Jesus Christ, om- only physician, at length afford a remedy for these evUs ! I doubt not but that the force of truth is so powerful in yourself, that should she want an advocate either with us or with you, or indeed in any place whatever, you wiU shew yom-self a soldier of Christ. We retain in sorae measure the moral discipline of which you make mention in your letter; but should any one seek to compel our great men to submit their necks to it, it would be rauch the same as shaving a lion's beard. The absurdities of the ubiquitarians have been long since most learnedly and com-ageously repressed by Peter Martyr, and very lately by your countrjonan Josiah Simler. But he tliat sliall ccme, will come, and will not tarry, [Heb. x. 37,] who shall bruise with his haramer and break in pieces all those who are obstinate. Your son, a youth of excellent disposition, courteously took leave of me upon his quitting this country. I pray God that he may retm-n to you in safety, and that as an aged parent you may have the enjoyraent of a pious son. Fare- >veU. From the Isle of Ely in England. July 12, 1574- Your raost loving brother in Christ, RICHARD COX. LETTER CXXI. BISHOP COX TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ely, July 20, 1574. I UNDERSTAND from your letter, which, written last spring, I received in the month of June, that the letter which I wrote to you in the year 1573 had not been delivered. This circumstance might afford you reason to suspect that I had 20—2 308 BISHOP cox [let. neglected writing. Such neglect, my dearly beloved brother in Christ, would certainly have been criminal, had I suffered myself so to be branded with the mark of ingratitude as to be inattentive to the letters of my friends, so pious and learned and fuU of kindness, and neglected to retum a courte ous answer. I virote a letter to you, I hope not an ungrateful one, in the year 1573, which, with a Uttle present i, (trifling as it was,) I gave in charge to one Richard HiUes, by whose means it was to be delivered to you. If this has not been done, I wiU endeavour to ascertain without loss of time, by whose fault the failure of it has been occasioned. I understand from your letter, that you are not labouring under such a decay of old age as to be unable to discharge 'without inconvenience the trust coramitted to you. This [blessing] you have, in my opinion, obtained, partly by habit, the teacher of all things, and partly by the pious feeling with which you have ever been actuated, so as never to have ceased to promote without intermission the interests of the gospel and of godliness ; but, most of aU, because, inflamed by the Spirit of Christ, you have always obeyed its motions. How ever it be, I heartily congratulate both yom-self and the church of Christ, that after so many labours accompUshed for the glory of God, you have at length arrived at a rigorous old age, and which stiU retains its interest in behalf of all the churches : and this indeed is evident from your wi-itings, in which you instract, advise, comfort, not only the church of Zurich, but the traly universal church of Christ. Your Uttle book on persecutions is especially useful in these latter times, wicked and dangerous as they are, to confirm the godly in the patience of Christ and in the purity of religion. You are mistaken if you suppose that I understand Ger raan. It is now about fifteen years since I had a vei-y slight knowledge of that language; but I wUl take care that your Swiss serraons shaU be translated into Latin, that I raay peruse them with greater delight and profit. I grieve that your churches are disturbed by these unhappy controversies : how truly did Christ say that the enemy soweth tares! Oh, may we, aU of us, at length be made good ground ! Our pm-itan brethren are now lying in concealment, partly terrified by the P Six crowns. See p. 284.] CXXl.J TO HENRY BULLINGER. 309 authority of our queen, and partly sUenced by a most able treatise written by a most learned raan^ Meanwhile, we know not what monstrosities they are hatching in secret. Certain of our nobility', pupUs of the Roman pontiff, either weary of their happiness or impatient of the long continued progress of the gospel, have taken flight, some into France, some into Spain, others into different places, with the view pf plotting some mischief against the professors of godliness. So difficult is it to keep the church of Chi-ist in a state of defence against the ministers of Satan. But the strength of the Lord and his strong tower have hitherto defended us ; and the Lord vriU defend his own even to the end, in spite of the chafing and assaults of those two antichrists. In the mean time we must entreat the Lord night and day to arise and let his enemies be scattered. May the Lord Jesus make your old age of long conti nuance to his church ! As to myself, though in my 75th year, by the blessing of God I ara in good health, except that the trembUng of my hands raakes it diflicult for rae to vsrite. FareweU, my very dear brother in Christ. From the isle of Ely, in England, July 20, 1574. Your most attached brother in Christ, RICHARD, First minister of the church at Ely. P Namely, Dr Whitgift. See note 1, p. 306.] P Among whom were Lord Edward Seymour, Lord Morley, the Archbishop of Cassel, and the Bishop of Meath. A complete list is given by Strype, Annals ii. i. 495; ii. u. 551.] SIO LAURENCE HUMPHREY [lET. LETTER CXXII. LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Oxfoed, Aug. 2, 1574. Immanuel. Health in Christ Jesus, most esteeraed Gualter. Your son returns to you, not, as you state', a prodi gal, but improved both in learning and manners. For my own opinion respecting him, as weU as that of the whole uni versity, wiU easily be seen from their very copious testimo nials. He so lived amongst us, that all are unaniraous in praise of his modesty, his frankness, his many and great virtues ; and consider you most fortunate, that the Lord hath given you such a Gualter as the inheritor of your narae and piety. The bishop of Norwich wiU address you by letter, of whom I shall say nothing ; for he is sufiiciently known to you, and your son can bear ample testimony that he has never found his munificence straitened towards himself. But since he wiU explain by letter both the cause of your son's retura, and other matters of the Uke kind, there is no occasion for rae to repeat them to no purpose. Dr Parkhurst has informed me that it is your desire, and I have also learned by other letters from Zm-ich that his friends are desirous, that at his present age he should think both about a matrimonial connection, and also about entering upon the ministry. That all things raay turn out for him most happily and auspiciously, is my most earnest prayer. I have received the copy of your treatise on Christ's pre sence on earth, but have nothing to send you in return, un less you wish to see ray, or rather your^ Jewel, whom I now send by my friend Gualter, and beg you both to correct and take in good part this trifiing present. P See p. 304.] P The Archbishop [Parker] and the Bishop of London [Sandj's], knowing the eloquence of Dr Laurence Humphrey's Latin pen, sent to him to Oxon commending the writing of Jewel's life to him ; who finished and published it anno 1573, and dedicated his work to those two venerable prelates. Strype, Life of Parker, ii. 50.] cxxu. J TO RODOLPH gualter. 511 We are here, by the blessing of God, in the possession of peace, and the pearl of the gospel, and pray that we may long enjoy them. Our neighbour's wall is on fire, and we are greatly afraid lest some spark of that fire should set us in a flarae. So heedless are we, and unconcerned, that we seera to be daily kindling the flames of divine wrath. May the Lord Jesus, remembering, not our merits, but his mercy, avert every evil, preserve your church, our fathers and brethren, BulUnger, Simler, Lavater and the rest, together with yourself and fa mUy! In haste, at Oxford, Aug. 2, 1574. Yours, LAURENCE HUMPHREY. LETTER CXXIIL BISHOP SANDYS TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Fulham, Aug. 9, 1574. Much health in Christ, raost esteeraed sir and reverend father. I thank you raost sincerely for your very ready and affectionate inclination to write to me ; for indeed nothing could have been more gratifying to me than to ascertain your opinion respecting the matters in dispute. You write most fully your own judgment concerning the whole affair: I see and embrace it. But I hope that this new fabric of new dis cipUne will shortly fall in pieces by its own weiglit, since it appears that many of our countryraen who forraerly adraired it, ai-e now grown weary of it ; and those who seemed most zealous in the establishment of this new platforra, have now begun to grow wonderfully cool, as it were, through a change of opinion. May the Lord grant that, all our dissensions and strife being removed, we may all of us speak and think the same thing according to Jesus Christ, and that we may with one mind and mouth glorify God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ ! 312 BISHOP SANDYS TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. I wiU not write to you about the affairs of England, since the pious and learned' young raan, who wiU bring you this letter, wiU give you certain information respecting them. The pirates of Flushing have intercepted the first^ piece of cloth that I sent you: I ordered a second piece to be sent you, which I hear has come safe to hand. FareweU, raost esteeraed sir. I earnestly entreat you to commend rae to God in your prayers. In haste. FuUiara in England, Aug. 9, 1 574. Your brother in Christ, and most affectionate, EDWIN SANDYS, bishop of London. LETTER CXXIV. BISHOP SANDYS TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Fulham, Aug. 9, 1574. Health to you, most leamed sir, and very dear brother! There is no need for me to write to you. • Lo ! receive your son. He will be to you in the place of a letter from me, as one who will be able fuUy to acquaint you with the present state of our affairs in England. Our innovators, who have been striving to strike out for us a new foi-m of a church, are not doing us much harra ; nor is this new fabric of theirs making such progress as they expected. Our nobUity are at last sensible of the object to which this novel fabrication is tending. The author of these novelties, and after Beza the first inventor, is a young Englishman, by name Thomas Cart wright', who, they say, is now sojourning at Heidelberg. He P Rodolph Gualter. See p. 307.] P See p. 296.] P Thomas Cartwright was sometime fellow of St John's, and after wards of Trinity, Cambridge : he was deprived of his fellowship for not taking orders according to the statutes. His controversy with Whitgift has before been alluded to. See note 1, p. 297, and Soames's EUzabethan cxxiv.] BISHOP SANDYS TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 313 has lately written from thence* a treatise in Latin, in defence of this new discipUne which he wishes to obtrude upon us. I have not yet seen the book, but I hear that it is printed, and has been brought over to us. As soon as it shall corae into my hands, I wUl take care it shaU be sent you. Respecting other raatters which are agitated here, yom- son wUl give you information. He is preparing for his joumey, and I for the pubUc affairs of the church, with which I ara overwhelraed. The fii-st piece of cloth that I sent you was taken by pirates : I sent you another, which the raerchant teUs rae that you have received. It is weU if it is so. FareweU, most esteemed sir, and continue to love rae as you do. In haste. Fulham in England, Aug. 9, 1 574. Your brother and friend in Christ, EDWIN SANDYS, bishop of London. History, p. 141, where his character is drawn at length. Beza, in a letter to one of his EngUsh con-espondents, thus expressed himself con ceming Cartwright : " Here is now with us your countryman, Thomas Cartwright, than whom I think the sun does not see a more learned man."] P Soames gives the following extract from a letter from Wilcox to Gilby, dated Feb. 2, 1574. "Our brother Cart'?vright is escaped, (God be praised!) and departed this land, since my coming up to London, and I hope, is by this time at Heidelberg." A warrant had been issued for his apprehension, to be attributed probably, Mr Soames thinks, to the fear of assassination engendered in Elizabeth and her advisers, by the fatal ebuUition of insanity then lately manifested by Peter Birchet, in the murder of a man whom he mistook for Sir Christopher Hattori. Among the signatures to this warrant, besides that of Sandys, are those of NoweU and Goodman, and nine others of the High Commission. See Soames's EUzabethan History, p. 198.] 314 BISHOP cox TO HENRY BULLINGER. [lET. LETTER CXXV. BISHOP COX TO HENRY BULLINGER. Dated at Ely, Jan. 25, 1575. Health in Christ. I confess myself, my very dear brother, greatly in your debt, for having so courteously addressed me by letter, although it was a short one. Your occasional Ulness is not to be wondered at, seeing old age itself is a kind of disease. Should you discontinue your literary exertions, I shall in the mean time content myself with what you have by the blessing of God written heretofore, to his glory and the edifying of his church. But may God bestow upon you sufiicient strength for the performance of what you are piously proposing to accomplish ! I rejoice exceedingly that harmony is restored among you. With ourselves, the faction is become in some measure less active through fear of punishment ; for our government is apprehensive that danger raay arise frora frivolous and unnecessai-y innovations. And by the same fear do they keep within bounds the fury of the papists. We hear however, that in France the adherents of the pope are bring ing matters to the last extremities. May the Lord Jesus vouchsafe to be present with his people ! Oh that the Lord would bow the heavens and come down, and bridle the mouths of the papists, Turks, and schisraatics ! But our sins 'will not suffer hira. God grant that we raay all strive together for that unity to which, by numerous and solid arguraents, you beauti fully exhort all the clergj\ Salute my brethren in ray name, as opportunity presents itseff. I send a small testimony of ray regard to be divided between yourself and Julius, and I commend rayself to your prayei-s. May the great and good God preserve you and your most religious city ! From the Isle of Ely in England, Jan. 25, 1574, according to our computation. Your most attached and very dear brother in Christ, RICHARD, bishop of Ely. cxxvi. I BISHOP cox TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 315 LETTER CXXVI. BISHOP COX TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Ely, [1575.] Health in Christ. On November 7th, a.d. 1574, I received your letter dated on the 26th of August of the sarae year,, by which I learn your most correct judgment respecting those who are so tenacious of their own opinion as that they know not how to yield to truth, and are loth to depart from their preconceived notions. They complain that we treat them with severity, whUe in the mean time they attack us with the most bitter abuse, both in public and private; and every where calumniate us in their serraons and printed writings. They are replied to by our friends with suflicient moderation ; and in the mean time our excellent queen, a sincere lover of truth and peace, attacks them with the autho rity of the law; by which they are somewhat terrified, and are gradually slipping away : except that from tirae to tirae they vorait forth the venom of strife in secret. I cannot but admit that we have been aided by your pious and learned writings, although our adversaries did not consider them of so much importance. I hope also that the treatise of that venerable old raan, raaster Henry Bullinger, in which he invites and persuades the ministers of the churches to unity, 'wiU be of great benefit to this kingdom : I, wish it might be so through out aU Gerraany. I am exceedingly grieved at the persecutions that have lately taken place in Saxony^ : that Lutheran party is very crael. May the Lord vouchsafe to aid those who are sincerely pleading his cause ! Oh, the enemy of mankind, who, wherever the good seed is sown, ceases not to sow tares P This refers to the famous convocation of Thorgau summoned in 1674 by Augustus, Elector of Saxony; where, after a strict inquiry into the doctrines of those who, from their secret attachment to the sentiments of the Swiss divines, were called Crypto-Calvinists, he com mitted some of them to prison, sent others into banishment, and engaged a certain number, by the force of the secular arm, to change their sen timents. See Mosheim.] 316 BISHOP cox [let. among thera ! MeanwhUe by the grace of God we must do our best, and leave the issue to the Lord our God. The Lord hitherto by his favour preserves us at peace. The papists are grambling, and nursing I know not what mon strosity. But may God hiraself destroy the 'wicked, and long preserve you in safety to his church ! Commend me to God in your prayers. From the Isle of Ely in England. Your vei-y dear brother in Chi-ist, RICHARD COX, bishop of Ely. LETTER CXXVII. BISHOP COX TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Ely, July 31, 1675. Your letter, most learned Gualter, and very dear bro ther in the Lord, dated March Sth, 1575, was deUvered to me in the May of the same yeai-, and read by me 'with much pleasure. For it is fuU of grateful acknowledgement, and speaks much more highly of rae than I can admit with truth. I cannot think without admiration of dirine proridence, who at one time tries his people in the fire of affliction, at another affords them breathing time, and allows thera the enjoyment. of a most delightful calm. Although our sins deserve the severest punishment, we trust notwithstanding that our Lord Jesus Christ has his Uttle flock, by whose piety and prayera the most righteous vengeance of God is wont to be tm-ned aside and stopped. But most wretched is the condition of the hypocrites, whom the Lord in his most righteous judgment, on account of their overflowing wickedness, is wont to deliver into the hands of the destroyer ; such as ai-e at this tirae the Turk, the pope, and the furious band of schismatics. And this band indeed among us by their plausible doctrine easily allure the nobiUty into their net ; while by their great noise. CXXVII.] TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 81 7 and clamour they subvert the credulous minds of wretched persons, and especiaUy those who are gaping, like hungry wolves and ravensi, after the revenues of the cathedral churches, coUeges, and bishops. Thus Satan eraploys every engine to overthrow the gospel. I ara rauch grieved that that Saxon' is so much incensed against the godly. Nor do I less grieve for that afflicting intelligence which is brought us, that the most soUd piUar of the church, raaster Henry BuUinger, is labouring under a most severe disease. May our gracious Lord have , compassion on his chUrch, and restore his Henry to his former health ! Eut should it seem good to the divine mercy to place him in his heavenly tabernacle, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ raust be entreated to pour down the spu-it of this second Elijah upon the raany Elishas, who by the singular grace of God may now be sojom-ning in the most pious city of Zurich. There have been lately removed frora us by death, having obtained a better condition with Christ, Parkhurst^, the bishop of Norwich, and Matthew Parker", archbishop of Canterbury and priraate of all England, a raan of an even and firra cha racter, and a zealous defender of true religion. We raust en treat the Lord that he raay vouchsafe to send labourers not less suitable into his harvest, which is very abundant. May the Lord Jesus very long preserve you in safety to his church ! From the Isle of Ely in England. July 31, 1575. Your very dear brother in Christ, RICHARD, bishop of Ely. P See note 1, p. 315.] P Parkhurst died about the 2nd of February, 157-5. See Strype, Parker, ii. 362. Like the other writers of these letters, he kept up his correspondence 'with the divines of Zurich to the end of his life.] P Parker died May 17, 1575, having "closed a difficult, upright life, with aU the foresight, firmness, and complacency, that marked a vigour- Ous, equable and religious mind." See Soames's EUzabethan Hist. p. 205, where his character is given at length, and alao as described by HaUam; Neal, FuUer, and others.] 318 BISHOP cox [let. LETTER CXXVIIL BISHOP COX TO RODOLPH GUALTER. [1576.] Your last letter, most learned Rodolph, I received on the 13th of February. The preceding one however affected me much more forcibly, both with exceeding sorrow, and also with no common delight. My sorrow was excessive for the death of Henry BulUnger', whom, by his letters, and leamed and pious writings, I had been acquainted with, and I may say, known intimately for many years, although he was never personaUy known to me. Who would not be made sorro\vful by the loss t)f such and so great a man, and exceUent a friend? not to mention that the whole christian church is disquieted with exceeding regret, that so bright a star is forbidden any longer to shine upon earth. John writes, that inauspicious stars fell dovvn from heaven'' ; but we are persuaded that our star has ascended up into heaven, and is fixed in heaven, and as it shone on earth, so it now shines more brightly in heaven. As to what he was on earth, his pious reputation is not sUent, his pious life proclaims, his most leamed writings abundantly testify : and what he now is in heaven, God knows, the angels rejoice, and the souls of the godly exult. And tins is no smaU consolation to those who regret the loss of such a man. Add also another circumstance, from which I have, with good reason, received comfort, namely, that the church of Zurich, on BulUnger's bidding it fareweU, is nevertheless not without a pastor. For the most gracious Lord, who never forsakes his flock, has set in the place of Bullinger yourseff, who possess no less zeal in feeding the flock, and no less courage in keeping off its enemies. Blessed are you, who have of your own incUnation taken upon yourself this burden, that you may subserve the glory of God, and faithfully advance his religion. P Bullinger departed this Ufe on the 17th Sept. 1676.J P Revel. vUi. 10, 12.] CXXVIII.J TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 319 With respect to the disturbances and heresies of the churches, we know that there raust needs be heresies that the elect may be proved ; and that through much tribulation we must enter into the kingdom of God, and in patience possess our souls. It is certainly much to be lamented that the Saxon" is so furiously hostile. May God grant, sorae tirae or other, a holy reconcUiation ! We see no hope of peace in France. All things there are carried on in a tyrannical manner. The king has decreed, with his brother and his mother, to send all the protestants into banishraent, or else to put them to death. It is not yet fuUy known what is doing in Flanders, except that our queen is busy in settling the dis putes. Our men of singularity are quiet through fear of punishment, except that they are hatching I know not what mischief in secret. And those too, who pursue the cares and ihings of this world, give us much trouble; for they ai-e striving by I know not what arts and stratageras, to take away from us our property*, and reduce us to beggary, that they may bring us back to the condition of the primitive church and the poverty of the apostles. May God have mercy upon his afflicted church, and defend it from the wickedness of the world ; and raay he bless you all, who profess Jesus Clirist ! I have sent you a small token of my regard, a pai't of which I wish you to bestow upon JuUus Terentianus. Your brother in Christ Jesus, RICHARD COX, [bishop] of Ely. P The Elector of Saxony. See note 1, p. 315.] [* The bishop had been required not long before to aUenate Ely House in Holborn to Christopher Hatton, the queen's vice-chamberlain ; and Lord North also obtained letters from the queen to the bishop, dated in May, 1676, to part with the manor and lands of Somersham. For an account of these proceedings, and the bishop's behaviour in consequence. See Strype, Annals, ii. i. 633, &c.] 320 BISHOP HORN ' [let. LETTER CXXIX. BISHOP HORN TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at 'Waltham, Aug. 10, 1576. Grace and peace in Christ ! Although the frequent and almost daily conversation, my very dear friend in Christ, which I have with my friend Barlow respecting our brethren at Zurich, is exceedingly delightful to me and full of interest ; yet my mind is not satisfied with that intercourse, gratifying as it is, nor can it rest without my conversing, at least by letter,' with ray friend Gualter, whom 1 dearly love, and through him with the other ministers of Zurich, who are so much esteemed by rae. But ray letter raust be somewhat brief, because more abundant materials for writing do not at present occur to rae. We have here scarcely any news to write about. AU things, (praised be God!) remain satisfactorily enough in the same state. But those contentious, or, if you choose, vain glorious, and certainly mischievous men, who by their ungovern able zeal for discord were retarding the free progress of the gospel arapng us, and drawing away the people, raaddened by their foUies, through every vain variety of opinion, or rather madness of error, into what they caU purity, are now sUenced, sculk about, and are become of no importance. But how much you, Gualter, and the rest of our brethren yonder, who did not agree with them, are yet indebted to thera, you may easily perceive if you will turn to the forty-sixth page of a book which one of them wrote " Concerning the departure of the church of England from true discipline." Other matters indeed now continue among us as they were at first established, and especially peace and godliness. The gospel is flourishing, and has very free course. The church is sound in other respects, except that she is yet struggling with that old disease, under which she has laboured even from her infancy : for she wUI not entirely recover frora popery before the last coraing of that great physician, Jesus Christ. The govern ment is at peace. The queen is alive and in good health ; and I CXXIX.J TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 321 pray God that she raay continue to be so for many years, and that she may Uve for ever. The supreme assembly of all the states, which we caU a parliament, was held at London at the beginning of spring; but our queen, after your Swiss fashion", wiU allow of no change, but is solely intent upon this object, to advance the truth of the gospel with fuU sails both at home and abroad. As slie has always abominated popery from her infancy, so also will she never admit Lutheranisra, which is a great disturber of Christianity. Scotland under her auspices continues stedfast in the pure profession of the gospel. The king is irabued with the best precepts of true piety. His mother is detained in safe custody with us, as heretofore. You know the posture of affairs in France: we expect a happy issue in those of Flanders ; but we are in rauch doubt respecting both. Our friend Pilkington^, the most vigilant bishop of Durham, died lately, and shortly before him my other half, ray wife. Salute, I pray you, from me aU my Zurich brethren beloved in Christ, and especially masters Simler, Lavater, Haller, Eodolph Gualter the younger, and Henry BuUinger, now the elder. May the Lord Jesus Christ very long preserve you all safe for the edification of his church! Farewell. From ray- house at [Bishop's] Waltham, Aug. 10, 1576. Your loving friend, and that of all the people of Zurich, ROBERT WINTON. LETTER CXXX^ BISHOP HORN TO [CERTAIN BRETHREN.] Dated at [Bisuop's] "Waltham, Jan. 16, 1577. Grace and peace in Christ. I am truly sorry, my very dear brethren in Christ, that such unprofitable folly can be P The bishop probably aUudes to the rejection by the Swiss divines pf Jacob Andreae's Form of Concord.] P Bishop Pilkington died Jan. 23, 1575-6.] P There is a mystery about this letter, and it is difficult to con jecture how it came to be at Zurich. It seems evidently to allude to circumstances which came under the bishop's immediate cognizance.] 21 322 BISHOP HORN [let. found in any person, as that when the enjoyment of a holy peace is within his power, he unhappily prefers to procure his individual quiet, as it would seera, by the discorafort of raany ; when in fact, while he is labouring to satisfy his own blind, rash, and impious cupidity, he does not so much iii- convenience others, as he rushes headlong into the greatest danger himself. But we are not ignorant of Satan's derices : and how prompt is his wicked incUnation to disturb the tran quilUty of the church, how adapted is his wicked counsel to the most flagitious actions, how he has his ministers ready prepared to do his bidding with carefulness and cunning, there is no occasion for me to teU you ; for who is such a norice in embracing the wholesome gospel of Christ as not to know it 2 You, my brethren, I ara assured for certain, have learned from experience, I vriU not say by your own iU doing, but by the greatest inconvenience both of yourselves and the church, how many and what fearful deceivers Satan has here tofore raised up, and daUy continues to do, that they may throw aU things into confusion, and especiaUy destroy the peace of the church. That outrageous beast is attacking the fold of Christ with all the ferocity in his power; that raost malicious woff is meditating the dispersion, yea, even the de struction, of the Lord's flock. The "wi-etched sheep is di-agged away by the cruel violence of the raging Uon. What can you do? We must resist the beast with unflinching faith, by imploring in our continual prayers succour from the chief Shepherd, Jesus Christ ; and when the machinations of the wolf are laid open and detected, he must be di-iven away by the staff of the shepherds and the bai-king of the dogs ; the stupid herd must be snatched away from the claws of the Uon, be fore they are torn in pieces by his teeth, and, if possible, brought back into the fold. In this respect, however, (as far as I can understand from yom- letter,) you have left nothing untried : you have exerted all your cai-e and dUigence in pre serving that mischievous Bonamyi ; and, which is the duty of [} Haud bonum Bonamy. He was probably one who was faUing into popery. In the county of Southampton, (says Sti-ype, Ann. ii. ii. 344,) washed on one side hythe sea, (and so conveniently situate to let in priests from abroad,) were many of these papists, and so multiplied by revolting from religion, that the Bishop of Winchester, in whose diocese CXXX.j TO [certain BRETHREN.] 323 the most faithful pastors, you have used your active endea vours in softening, restraining, repressing his insolence, pride, and obstinacy, by every means in your power. And as you cannot accomplish what you desire, you require me to help you. Doubt not, my brethren, but that you 'wiU have many helpers ; and as for me, I profess myself most ready to afford my assistance in this matter, as far as I am able. I hope to bestow upon it such consideration as to make that false bro ther (if indeed he may be caUed a brother) feel what it is to provoke the chief Shepherd of souls, Jesus Christ, to despise the church of God, and to make a mockery of, yea, even to tread under foot, aU godly discipline. I have explained the nature of what I propose to om* common friend and brother in Christ, and one greatly be loved by me, master Leighton^, governor of the Isle. In fine, brethren, I entreat you to strive eamestiy with me in your prayers to God for me. And for ray part, I wUl not be un mindful of you, imless I am forgetfiU of rayself. Salute, I pray you, from me aU your feUow-labourers and the whole church. FareweU. Frora my house at [Bishop's] Waltham, Jan. 16, 1576 [1577]. Yom- very affectionate brother in Christ, and feUow-minister, ROBERT HORN, Winton. it Ues, near about this year [1580] sent inteUigence thereof to the lord- treasurer and other lords of the council, in order to repress the boldness and waywardness of the recusants in that county. Even last Easter, (he said,) upon some secret pact purposely 'wrought, five hundred persons have refused to communicate, more than before did [refuse to do it.] In consequence of great clerical irregularities in the Isle of Wight, and some other portions of IVincJiester diocese, [of which the Isle of Guernsey also forms a part,] Archbishop Parker undertook, by the bishop's desire, in 1675, a metropolitical visitation, which was followed by general preparations for conformity. Soames's Elizabethan History, p. 203.] P Sic Thomas Leighton appears to have been Govemor of the island of Guernsey, from whence letters are dated from him to the eari of Leicester. See MSS. Cotton, Galba, d, i. 148, and ii. 69.] 21—2 324 LAURENCE HUMPHREY [lET. LETTER CXXXI. LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Oxfoed, Aug. 11, 1578. Immanuel. I recognise in your letter, most leamed Gual ter, express raanifestations of your wonted kindness and discretion. For I regard it as a proof of the greatest kind ness, united to peculiar condescension, that you were inclined to address one who had been so long silent, and almost un grateful. But though I have written too seldom, you must not attribute it either to ingratitude or forgetfulness in me, who am frequently recaUing to mind, and who, God permit ting, wiU cherish in my memory as long as I Uve, the fa vours which you so often and so largely conferred on myself and on my brother exiles. But now that I am challenged to write, I will seize upon every occasion and opportunity [of doing so], and wUl never allow a messenger to go from hence to you without a little note from myself. For in truth I had rather seem unpoUshed and extemporaneous, than regardless and neglectful. Your great anxiety respecting the progress of your Swiss friends, Ulmius' and his companion', is a mark of your pru dence ; for it is alvvays better to cherish a prudent fear than a too sanguine hope : this however I can truly afiirm, that each of them is both studying hard with us, and conducting hiraself with propriety ; whicii assertion I have no doubt but that they wiU fuUy make good both to you and the senate. Since therefore I feel assured that the result wiU make this manifest to you, I cannot but recommend to you these young men of such exceUent hope. I wrote to the bishop of Win chester, who has already contributed somewhat, and promises also that he wiU take charge of thera from this time. Your intelligence of the death of P. M. and our other fathers, and of your son', formerly my pupil, is indeed most painful and [' He was the son of John ab Ulmis, who had been fellow of St John's, Oxford.] P John Huldrieh.] p See note 3, p. 289.] CXXXI, ,j TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 325 distressing ; on my own account, individuaUy, who deservedly regarded and loved thera ; publickly, for the church's sake, for whom it is so grievous and lamentable to be continuaUy losing everywhere so many of her brightest ornaments. You, however, raost reverend father, are a host in yourself, and I therefore entreat you to continue to benefit the christian com monwealth by your learned and pious lucubrations ; so that the meditations of your old age, like the song of the swan, may delight us again and again. How severe is this loss of our most excellent men, England has long known to her cost ; nor can she, I think, ever forget, and certainly ought not to remember without grief, so many funeral piles of martyrs yet recent; so many deaths of our most excellent men. Jewel ^, Parkhurst^ PUkington", and others. But these are the signs preceding the end of the world, and the latest and most awful on which this our age has fallen. Satan is roaring like a lion, the world is going raad, antichrist is resorting to every extreme, that he may with wolf-Uke ferocity devour the sheep of Christ: the sea is fuU of pirates, the soil of Flanders is wet with the blood of Christians ; in France, Guise is reported to rage in his new slaughter-house against the protestants. England, by the favour of God, is yet safe ; but how can she be secure from human malignity? For it is greatly to be feared that the fiames of our neighbour's house may reach us ; the Tridentine fathers enforcing that bloody decree of theirs, .and our daily sins deserving the execution of it. The news is now reported in Flanders, that [duke] Casimir' is Ungering stiU in Guelderland, and is laying siege to Deventer, and that he shortly intends to unite his forces with our troops ; that the Austrian [Don John] is fortifying hiraself within the city, with ditches and trenches and walls ; that on the first of August he sent forth his Ught troops against the English, French, and Scots; that there was sharp fighting on both sides from eight o'clock tiU five in the evening ; that two hun dred and fifty of om- troops were slam, and eight hundi-ed of ; p See p. 260.] P See p. 317.] • p Pilkmgton died Jan. 23, 1675-6.] P Duke Casimir was the son of the Elector Palatine. He brought down an army of German horse and foot into the Netherlands, at the charge of EUzabeth. Camden's Eliz. f. 326;] 326 LAURENCE HCMPHREY [lET. the enemy's ; that our side bore away the victoi-y ; that Norris*. an EngUshman, had four horses kUled under him, and then escaped, not without honour to himself and destruction to the Spaniards, whora they either routed or cut dovm. What wiU be the end bf this war, God Almighty knows, to whom I commend agaiti and again the universal church, as weU as yours and mine in particular, and your studies, and aU om- fathers and brethren, namely, raasters Lavater and Ulmius, and Christopher Froschover, and aU Zurich, formerly the hos pitable retreat of Englishmen. FareweU, my most iUustrious friend. Master Cole is weU, and is now in the country. Ox^ ford, Aug. 11, 1578. Your raost respectful LAURENCE HUMPHREY. LETTER CXXXII. LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at Oxford, Dec. 17, 1578. Health in Christ JesUs. It is partly frora ray private regard and kind feeling towards them, and partly from their merit and liecessity, that I am induced to write somewhat to you at this time about the private afiairs and situation of Rodolph Ulmius and John Huldi-ich. For I must candidly confess that there is not here for them that prorision 'niiich you ask, and which I desire myself; because those very members of the uliivei-sity who ought to assist others, are themselves in want, and dependent upon the UberaUty of tbeir friends. I wrote to the bishop of ^Vinchester, who gave something to Rodolph ; and Ukewise to the earl of Bedford, who has always paid that regard to my lettei-s, and especially P " John Norris, the lord Noi-ris his second son, the general of the English, fighting stoutly, had three horses slain under him, and got gxeat commendations in this battle for his martial valour." Camden's EUz. p. 226.] cxxxu.] TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 327 to yom-s, which it was right and proper he should do. He [Rodolph] has lately returned to us from Devonshire, where the eari is now residing, not indeed overburdened with money, but yet in some measure provided with it, and presented with a salary. I have placed both the young men in Broadgate HaU^ as we caU it, not far from Christchurch, where John's father was raost Uberally and kindly entertained in king Edward's tirae. Should I ' be able to afford any money, I wiU most wiUingly bestow it. But since charity is getting cold in this declining age of the world, and many of the French [protestants] are continuaUy coming over to us with their families; and as our people imagine that the Swiss are traveUing for their own pleasure out of mere curiosity, rather than that they are necessarily banished on account of religion ; for this reason they have been supplied more spar ingly and gradgingly than others. I therefore entreat you to aid them by your patronage, and earnestly to undertake their cause, so that care raay be taken for the payraent of their promised stipend as soon as possible. They appear amiable and studious; and though they are at present unknown to our people, on acconnt of the absence of Rodolph, who has been staying with the earl, yet when they shaU have become known, they will more and more recoraraend theraselves, and conciliate the regard and good will of aU. We, as the saying is, are doing as we can. All things are settled at home: the pope attacks us, not with open hostility, but intrigue ; with buUs, abusive paraphlets, and secret raachinations. The French are quiet, nor is a single spark of war bursting forth : besides, in Flanders they are all extinguished, since John of Austria is at rest, or rather removed by the pestilence^. There is danger, however, of their [^ Broadgate Hall is now merged in Pembroke College.] P According to the most common opinion, says Moreri, he died of poison in his camp near Namur, Oct. 1, 1578. But Lord Burghley thus wrote to the earl of Shrewsbury, from Theobald's, October 8th. " By letters which I have received 'within this three hours at London^ I am certainly advertised that Don John de Austria is dead of the plague." Strype, Annals, ii. ii. 159. Camden adds, that he died, " as some say, out of very grief, because he found himself neglected by the king his brother, after he had gaped first after the kingdom of Tunis, whereby Guleta or Goletta in Africa was lost, [being taken from the Spaniards in 328 LAURENCE HUMPHREY TO RODOLPH GUALTER. [lET. quarreUing amongst themselves, and that, distracted by war or internal dissensions, they wUl run headlong against their own vitals; for what wiU not the dregs of faction effect? May the Lord Jesus restrain in his goodness the malignity of these latter times ! Garland Holland, an Oxford bookseUer, salutes both you and master Christopher Froschover. Master Cole is now absent: master WestphaUng ' desires me to send his regards to Julius, as I do also for myseff, wishing aU of you every happiness. Master Lavater is, I hope, in good health. Continue to pro mote by your pious labours the cause of learning and reUgion, to the end that in this benighted age men, becoming by your means more and more enlightened, may behold the light of dirine truth by the blessing of God, whom I pray again and again to preserve your piety, together with aU your friends, and the church at Zurich, (formerly the hospitable abode of the EngUsh,) both to you and to omselves. In haste. Oxford, December 17, 1578. FareweU, most leamed sii-. Your most respectful LAURENCE HUMPHREY. LETTER CXXXIIL BISHOP COX TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated Feb. 28, 1J79. As I was delighted by your letter, and the book which was sent me after the last Frankfort fair, so I am much distressed, my Gualter, that some part of Germany is distm-bed 1574 by Selim IL] and then after the kmgdom of England ; and had secretly entered into a confederacy with the Guises, without the pririty of the French king and the Spaniai-d, for the defence of both crowns. Camden's EUzabeth, p. 227] \} Herbert WestphaUng was a canon of Chiist Church, and after wards Bishop of Hei*ford. • Strype, Parker, ii. 6 ; Whitgift, i. 466.] cacxxiii.] BISHOP cox to rodolph gualter. 329 by those mischievous dissensions, of which God is not the author, but that wicked one, who daringly employs his agents in involving great men in error, in disturbing the church, and instigating unto iniquity the enemies of godUness. ' We have good hopes of [the archbishop of] Canterbury. Our queen, who is in general most benign, was somewhat = offended with him. She is herself chastising the papists and contentious in good earnest. She \rill have aU things done with order and decency. She possesses learned, and prudent, and pious counseUors. The ministers of the word, however, are not yet admitted into that reverend assembly. As to what you write concerning Ireland (in which country the Roman antichrist is so wont to make mischief,) should any disturbance arise, it vrill easily be repressed, either by our soldiers, who are always quartered there, or, should occasion require it, by a regular array. A short tirae since, however, the Earl of Essex, a man of the highest rank, and devotedly attached to our holy rehgion'*, and the most severe scourge of the Irish, was taken off by disease", to the great sorrow of many persons. P Grindal was confined and sequestered in June, 1577, for his non compliance with the queen's command with respect to the putting down the religious exercises and conferences of ministers, caUed prophesyings. See Strype, Grindal, 343. " The period expired without affecting his virtuous constancy, and subsequent severities kept him in disgrace and inactivity nearly to the end of his life.'' Soames's EUzabethan Hist. p. 227.] P Sir Nicholas White gives the particulars of the death of the Earl of Essex in a letter to Lord BurglUey, dated Sept. 30, 1576. He writes, ainong other things, that at the last yielding up of his breath, he cried, Couradge, couradge, I am a soldier that must fight under the banner of my Saviour Christ. See Strype, Annals, il ii. 84.] P The earl of Essex died Sept. 22, 1576, not without suspicion of being poisoned by means of the earl of Leicester. See Strype, Annals, n. i. 576, and ii. 83. " A very excellent man certainly he was, in whom honesty of carriage vied with the nobiUty of birth ; both which notwith standing could not prevail against envy. For after he was constrained to give over his laudable enterprise in Ireland, he returned into England, having much wasted his estate; where openly threatening Leicester, 'whom he suspected to have done him injuries, he was by his cunning court tricks, who stood in fear of him, and by a pecuUar court mystery of wounding and overthrowing men by honours, sent back into Ireland with the insignificant title of Eai-1 Marshal of Ireland, where pining 330 BISHOP cox TO RODOLPH GUALTER. [leT. I am fiUed with joy, that God by his wonderful proridence has delivered the people of Geneva from their enemies sent by Satan. This it is to trast in the Lord as a raost strong tower ; this it is to be anxiously concemed for the glory of God, and to lay down one's Ufe for it. This faith and godly unity vanquishes and puts to flight even the most bitter ene mies. "Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dweU together in unity." Duke Casimir', a man of great fortitude and faith, is now with us, and he is here too not vrithout a great hope of good. May the Lord Jesus protect you with your most pious flocks, both from popish enemies, and from those who went out from us, when yet they were not of us ! But I must not be altogether unmindful of my friend Julius. I send you five pounds of our money: take tliree parts for yourself, and let Julius have two fi-om you. Feb. 28, 1579. The attached friend of your piety, and most holy function, RICHARD COX, bishop of Ely. away vrith grief and sorrow, he piously rendered his soul to Christ, dying of a bloody flux in the midst of grievous torments." Camden's EUzabeth, p. 217.] P Duke Casimir was the son of Frederick, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, and came into England in the month of January, in a sh-arp and sno'wy winter, to excuse himself about the miscarriage of his expe dition, laying the whole blame upon the French. He was most honour ably received, and conducted with great pomp into London, with torches lighted, by the Lord Mayor, the aldermen and citizens, and to the court by the chief of the nobUity; where he was entertamed with tUting, barriers, and costly banquets, and honoured with the order of St George, the queen herself buckling on the garter about his leg. Camden's EUza beth, p. 232. See also Strype, Annals, ii. i. 160.] CXXXIV.] ARCHBISHOP SANDYS TO BODOLPH GUALTER. 331 LETTER CXXXIV. ARCHBISHOP SANDYS TO RODOLPH GUALTER. Dated at London, Dec. 9, 1579. At one and almost the same moraent, most learned and, on so many accounts, most honoured sir, I received two letters from you ; and almost two years after they were sent, through a mistake, I suppose, in the address. For they were directed to the bishop of London, though three years have elapsed since my translation to the archbishopriek of York; so that your letters, seeking me in London, were later in reaching these northern parts of the kingdora. Now, however, as I am desirous of replying to your letters, these are the points more especiaUy on which I wish you to be satisfied; that I keep in remembrance your regard for me, and that I still firmly remain your friend and faithful brother. It does not escape my observation, that we are arrived at siich a state of the times as is daily bringing forth some novelty or other : I should comrait to paper such as ai-e raost fitting for you to be acquainted with, were it not that through the unhappiness of this age I have seen raany things soberly wi-itten and piously conceived, partly from being lost, and partly from being intercepted, occasion very great danger to those who wrote them. That I may not, however, decline aU information, accept the foUowing. A treaty of marriage'' P The articles propounded ou the part of the duke of Anjou, when he was here, in order to his marriage, to be granted by the queen and the lords of her council, with their answers to each article, are pre served in Strype, Annals ii. U. 631. See also p. 317, &c. for an account of the duke's departure, from which it appears that "such was her majesty's presence of mmd, and care of her subjects' welfare, that she subdued her private aifection for the pubUc good." This is farther erident from her letter to Sir Edward Stratford in the foUowing year, whom she had sent away to France, to observe the behaviour of the French towards the Low Countries, of which the sovereignty had been offered to the duke of Anjou, and which she wished him to decline. She writes therein, " My mortal foe can no ways wish rae a greater 332 ARCHBISHOP SANDYS [lET. is now on foot between the queen's majesty and the brother of the king of France. What, however, wUl be the result, and what bearing it wiU have upon our affairs, scarce any one can teU. We pray God that he raay deign to continue pro pitious to us. The purity of the christian religion is fiourish ing and prosperous araong us, and can neither be overtm-ned nor defiled by any devices of Satan. For although we are unable altogether to banish from the church, so as to prevent the appearance of a remarkable variety of names and opinions, those new men whom we call puritans, who tread aU authority under foot ; or the veteran papists, who celebrate their divine service in their secret corners ; or the profane disputants, who deride the true worship of God; such, however, is the number and influence of the traly faithful, that both in numbers and appearance it vei-y far takes the lead of all the sepa ratists; and we entertain the best hope, that he who hath begun this good work in us will perfect it unto the day of the Lord Jesus. The archbishop of Canterbui-j', Edraund Grindal, who presided over the churches of London and York before rae, not having acted altogether in compUance with the queen's wishes, is now confined' to his palace, from which he is not aUowed to move : I hope, however, and be Ueve that in a short time he wiU be fuUy restored to Uberty. Dr Horn, the bishop of Winchester, has departed^ this life; but no successor is yet appointed to that diocese. Ireland^ is in a state of disturbance, owing to the seditious tumults of the rebels. Generals however ai-e assigned, and soldiers enlisted, to reduce them to obedience. The affairs of the protestants in Flanders are going on weU; for the losse than England's hate, neither should death be less welcome unto me than such mishap betide me." Queen EUzabeth and her Times, Vol. II. p. 161.] P See note 2, p. 329.] P Bishop Horn died in the month of June, 1579. His wiU was proved on the 27th of that month. Strype, Annals, ii. U. 378.] P That land indeed was now oppressed with the popish nobUity and gentry there, who had raised a rebelUon against tlie queen, headed by the earl of Desmond, lord Baltinglas, with an invasion of ItaUans and Spaniards, accompanied with the pope's blessing. Strype, Annals, ii. ii. 330. For a fuU account of this rebeUion see Camden's EUzabeth, p. 236, &c.] cxxxiv.] TO RODOLPH GUALTER. 333 papist malcontents, who are plotting against both their liveS and fortunes, have recently suffered a most severe loss, and are thought to be not far frora the total loss of all their influence in those parts. As a testimony and token of ray regard for you, ray very dear friend, I was exceedingly desirous of sending you sorae of our wares, if any merchant would be willing to export them. But as I could find no one bold enough to undertake the risk, (as these tiraes are so surrounded with danger on all sides,) I hope that you wiU take in good part this lone and naked letter. And so, wishing you no less happiness than myself, now living in London, and waiting for the opening of parliament on the 20th of Januai-y, I desire for you and all your friends health in Christ. London, in England, Deceraber 9, 1579. Your brother in Christ, and raost loving friend, EDWIN SANDYS, Ebor. LETTER CXXXV. QUEEN ELIZABETH TO THE THIRTEEN CANTONS OF SWITZERLAND^ Sated at Greenwich, July 18, 1590. Elizabeth, by the grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, queen, defender of the faith, fee. ; to the high and mighty lords, and right worthy masters, the consuls and proconsuls, mlers, syndics, authorities and govemments of the thirteen cantons of the illustrious Swiss nation, greeting. High and mighty lords, and right worthy sirs: As allies and neighbours, you cannot be ignorant of the aid and as- P This letter is interesting, as manifesting the desire of queen Eliza beth to cultivate a friendly relation with the Protestant churches on the continent. As for the confession of faith set forth by BuUinger and others for the churches of Helvetia, this, says Strype, our church did then heartily consent to, and own. Annals, i. ii. 223. See abovc, p. 169.] 334 QUEEN ELIZABETH TO THE [lET. sistance that is required by the distressed condition of yom? confederate city of Geneva, oppressed as it has now been for many years with an almost uninterrapted blockade by, two most powerful enemies, the king of Spain, and the duke' of Savoy, his son-in-law. And we have no doubt but that yom- mightinesses, in accordance with the good faith of the treaties^ mutually contracted between you, and for the honom- of your nation, will have such regard to your common defence in this dispute, as not to allow that city to be abandoned and exposed to the hcentiousness of upstart pretenders, as far as may be in your power to prevent it. To such a resolu tion, if it were necessary, we certainly should not faU to exhort you : but forasrauch as those who of their own accord are sufiiciently intent upon the pubhc welfare, have no need of any one to prompt them, we wUlingly abstain frora that kind of address ; only requesting your mightinesses, in conformity with the good-wUl and friendship which has so long subsisted between the kings of England our ancestors and your Ulus trious nation, not to be neglectful of your own indiridual security. For it is meet that your mightinesses should consider, that in this beleaguerment of the Genevese, the beleaguer- ment of all and every of your ovm several states is the thing j finaUy aimed at; and that in the faU of that city is in volved the destruction of you aU. You raay take as a proof ; of this the plots and machinations which this same king has i essayed against ourself and our dominions, as weU as those which he is even now attempting against the very fiom-ishing realm of France, together with his irapotent lust of power, j inasmuch as nothing either happens or can happen, but that I it alloweth him.no rest day nor night from taking up ai-ms and ', forming offensive alliances throughout almost all parts of this our western world. Which aUiances however he wiU in vain either estabUsh amongst us or set in activity against us, if you, with souls united in conforraity with the league of you aforetime mutuaUy sworn to, wUl not brook the unripping and P Charles Emanuel, duke of Savoy, married Catherine, daughter of Philip the Second.] P In 1584, the repubUc of Geneva concluded a treaty with Zurich and Berne, by which it became alUed to the Swiss cantons.] cxxxv.] THraTEEN CANTONS OP S'VV'ITZERLAND. 335 undoing of your respective amities and coalitions. For in this alone consists both the most powerful safeguard of our enemies and redoubtableness of their arms, and also the strongest bulwark and impregnable fortress of every just de fence. And forasrauch as this alone is the only key to so much power on either side; and as those who suffer theraselves to be overcome by the lust of empire, exert their entire ener gies to this object; it is necessary for you to be on your guard, who have now for so many years, by the blessing of this union, been in the enjoyment of that liberty which your fore fathers conquered for you by their valour, and which these haughty despots envy you beyond measm-e. If you would enjoy this in perpetuity, and transrait it as an inheritance to your posterity, rather than, like slaves, live in a bondage devoid of liberty, you must be on your guard against the first attack, and not think of listening for a moment to insidious and enticing promises, as bearing in raind that many more have been deceived and undone by the craftiness of the fox than have ever been conquered by force of arms. And rest assured, that the pretence of ancient treaties, the shew of long-continued friendship, the tender of good oflices, raay be held out as a guise ; but that there are no enmities more dangerous and more destructive than those which are con cealed under the pretence of friendship. And although in aU human estimation the city and terri tory of Geneva may be regarded as an object of not much value or iraportance, just as Corinth of old was by the Acheans, Chalcis by the Eubceans, and Deraetrias by the ThessaUans ; yet as they were made the fetters of aU Greece, so it is to be feared that the Genevese, when sub jugated by the Spanish Savoyard, shaU prove in like sort the fetters of your whole confederate nation. Compare only the nature of the country, the spirit and daring of the eneray, his very power unwieldy thi-ough its excess, with your own narrow resources ; and judge whether it be credible, that he who envies the majesty of the French king, he who has for more than twenty years been fighting against the liberties of the Low-Countries, he who has a design against the sove reignty of France, and is parched up with thirsting after the crown of England, is it to be believed that he vriU ever rest as 336 QUEEN EMZABETH TO THE THIRTEEN CANTONS, &C. long as your own ancient rights, and laws, and liberty remain unsubverted? Which in proportion as it would be a raore dreadful spectacle to yourselves, and a more painful one to us, we again and again advise and entreat you to be forearmed and on your guard, lest such an event should occur ; so that, mutually congratulating yourselves on the preservation of your ancient dignity and independence, you raay be a comfort to your friends, a protection to your neighbours, and an ever lasting benefit to posterity. Ourself, though a woman, has taken the lead in this contest, preferring as we do to our own ease, dignity, kingly possessions, to whatever in short We hold or can hold most dear, the liberty of the neighbouring nations, and the preserving in their integrity the just rights and authority of others. We are placed and appointed of God for this very purpose, that as far as lieth in us we should do riolence to none, but avert it from all, as being weU aware, that he who, haring the abiUty, useth it not for another's help, is as much to blame as though he were that other's destroyer. But you of your prudence know these things right weU; and of your friendly inclination, good wiU, and pious zeal towards each other, are sufiiciently ready to succour the oppressed, as to make due provision for your own safety. Wherefore we forbear adding more, save only that, for the sake of the piety which you exhibit towards God and man, we com.mend to you and to your good faith the battered remnant of your severely besieged countrymen: and may the God of salvation evermore bless and prosper you ! Given at our court at Greenwich, the 18th of July, in the year of our Lord 1590, and in the thirty-second year of our reign. ELIZABETH R. E *1ii \, ^J-^ t ^ ,^4. IU ^ I-l sa r^ ^ ^ ^ .^ ) ¦xJ $4 ^^ t 9-^ I fir ^ CO LL -3 O ^^ \$ J -'SrO u ^^ 1 ^4 [ .N j, v^ '^ ]l\- \i ¦•9^ «^ > 1, V V ;^ 1 It > X ¦n ;i ^ A ^ id^ ^'r^^ 11^ -I c2 H APPENDIX. Lbt. Page I. Peter Martyr to Bishop Jewel Zurich, Aug. 24, 1562 339 II. Henry Bullinger to Bishop Hom Zurich, Nov. 3, 1565 341 111. Henry Bullinger to Laurence Humphrey, &c.... Zurich, May 1, 1566 345 IV. Henry Bullinger to Bishop Hom, &c Zurich, May 3, 1566 356 V. Henry Bullinger, &c. to Bishop Grindal, &c. ...Zurich, Sept. 6, 1566 357 ¦^I. Hen.BulIinger,&c. to Laurence Humphrey, &c. Zurich, Sept. 10, 1566 360 VII. Rodolph Gualter to Bishop Cox Zurich, June 9, 1572 362 22 IZITP-ir-H r vvruna 1 LETTER I' PETER MARTYR TO BISHOP JEWEL. Dated at Zurich, Aug. 24, 1562. By the favour of the bishop of London, most worthy prelate, and ray ever honoured lord, was brought hither a copy of your Apology for the church of England, the which had not been seen before either by rayself or any of our people. In your last letter indeed you rather gave an intimation of its intended appearance, than an express announceraent of it. But so long was the journey hither, that it could not reach us tiU about the first of August; whereby you raay figure to yourself how much loss we are continually sustaining on account of the distance of places. As for the Apology, it hath not only in aU points and respects satisfied me, (by whom aU your writings are so wonderfully well liked and ap proved,) but it appeared also to BuUinger, and his sons and sons-in-law, and also to Gualter and Wolfius, so wise, admi rable, and eloquent, that they can raake no end of comraend ing it, and think that nothing in these days hath been set forth more perfectiy. I exceedingly congratulate your talents upon this exceUent fruit, the church upon this edifying of it, and_ England upon this honour ; and beseech you to proceed in the same way you have entered. For though we have a good cause, yet in comparison of the number of our ene mies there are but few who defend it ; and they now seem so awakened, that by their goodness of style and crafty sophisms they much recomraend themselves to the unlearned multi tude. I speak of the StaphUi^ Hosii', and most other writers [} This letter was 'written hy Peter Martyr less than three months before his death, which took place on Nov. 12, 1562. It is in reply ta bishop Jewel's letter, given in p. 99, and is partly translated also in Strype, Parker, 1. 197.] P Frederic Staphilus was a native of Osnahurg, and pi-ofessor of theology at Konigsberg. He joined the church of Rome in 1553, and 'was made a councillor of the empire, and of the duke of Bavaria. He died at Ingoldstadt in 1564.] [^ Hosii. For an account of cardinal Hosius see above note 3, p. 113.] 22—2 340 APPENDIX. [let. of the same stamp, who are at this time shewing themselves strenuous patrons of the pope's lies. Wherefore, since you have excited so great expectations of yourself in your most learned and elegant Apology, know for certain, that aU good and learned raen are assuring theraselves that, while you are alive, the truth of the gospel wiU not be attacked by its ene raies with impunity. And I rejoice most exceedingly, that I have seen the day in which you are raade the parent of so noble and elegant an offspring. May God our heavenly Father grant of his goodness, that you may often be honoured with the Uke fruit ! As to other things that you are doing yonder, I am as ignorant as a Parthian or Indian is of the affairs of Germany. But I persuade rayself that your affairs are in a flourishing, or at least in a tolerable condition, because we know irom ex perience, that there is no messenger raore svrift than he who brings tidings of the afflictions, calaraities, and death of our friends ; while their happiness, joy, and prosperous condition is very much and for a long time kept frora us. But however it be, we ought mutuaUy to hope the best one of another, since it is most certain that God is continually and every where present, and this too after a gracious maimer, unto those that be his, of which nuraber are we. But as touching rayself, if you desire to know raore par ticularly how I do, understand that I am of a cheerful mind in Christ, and that I am occupied in the same labours in which I was engaged when you were here; but in body I am not so strong and lusty as I was heretofore. For the burden of old age daily becomes more hea'vy. Now, for the space of a year and a half, I have been altogether toothless, neither hath my stomach performed its office of exciting me to eat with an appetite. I am troubled also with rheum; in addition to which I have no small pain in my legs, by reason of two sores wherewith I am at times greatly tor mented. Wherein though the body properly and by itself be afflicted, yet by reason of that connection between them which the Greeks caU sympathy, the mind also cannot choose but be affected. These things, which I am sure for the good wiU you bear me you wUl be sorry to hear, I would by no means have I.] PETER MARTYB TO BISHOP JEWEL. 341 inserted in this letter, had I not very great need of your prayers, which I have persuaded myself I shaU obtain to be more earnest, because of the necessity wherewith I am urged. Respecting the French affairs I write nothing, as I feel assured that they are no less known to you than to myself. The Tridentine synod is feigning to make progress; but it advances so slowly, that in these five sessions it hath decided nothing to the pm-pose. Its definitions are old and mouldy, so that they seem not to act the part of fathers, but of beetles, who are always turning over the self-same ordure of traditions. FareweU, most accomplished prelate, and more than the half of my own soul. May God very long preserve, keep, and increase you with every good, both for the church and commonwealth ! All friends and learned men salute you. ¦Zurich, August 24, 1562. Lavater hath pubUshed his Coraraentary on the book of 'Proverbs. LETTER IL HENRY BULLINGER TO BISHOP HORN'. Bated at Zurich, Nov. 3, 1565. What you write, reverend father in Christ, touching the controversy which has arisen among you concerning the vestments of the clergy, I had previously learned from the letter of our coramon friend, John Abel, to which I have lately repUed. It grieved me exceedingly, as it stiU con tinues to do, that this occasion is afforded to our adversaries by the mutual dissensions of those among you who preach the purer doctrine of the truth. As however I am most probably unacquainted with aU the circumstances, I hesitate to pronounce any opinion upon the subject. But, that I may not seem wanting in my duty, when required by yourself and other friends to declare my sentiments, I wiU here re peat what I have lately stated in my letter to Abel. [} , See above, p. 143. The original Latin is printed in Bumet's Hist. of the Reformation, Records, Book vi. No. 76.] 342 APPENDIX. [let. I approve the zeal of those persons who would have the chm-ch purged from aU the dregs of popery ; for I am aware of that passage of the prophet, where God warns us to put away [her] whoredoras out of [her] sight, and [her adulteries] from [between her] breasts. [Hos. ii. 2.] On the other hand, I also commend your prudence, who do not think that churches are to be forsaken because of the vestments [of the clergy]. For since the great end of the ministry is the edification and presei-vation of the church, we have need. of great circumspection, lest we should depart from this, even while we are defending a cause, which in itself is good and holy. Nor are we only to consider what is now the state of that church wliich we think of forsaking, but also what it wiU be when we have left it. If it be certain that it wiU improve, we are at Uberty to depart; but if, on the coiitrai-y, it 'wiU suffer loss, we are not to give place to wicked and treacherous workmen. But, as far as I can form an opinion, your comnion adversaries are only aiming at this, that on your removal they raay put in yom- places either papists, or else Lutheran doctors and presidents, who are not vei-y much unlike them. Should this come to pass, not only will all ecclesiastical order be disturbed, and the nuraber of raost absurd ceremonies be increased, but even images (which we know are defended by the Lutherans) will be restored; the artolatryi in the Lord's supper will be reintroduced ; private absolution, and after this, auricular confession 'will creep in by degrees ; and an infinite number of other erils vriU arise, which will both occasion confusion in general, and also bring into danger many godly individuals. For I doubt not but that you have met with so much success in your ministry, as that you have very many throughout the whole kingdom, both nobiUty, citizens, husbandmen, raen, in short, of every rank and class in society, who are raost favourably disposed to religion, and who abhor all doctrine that raay open the door to superstition and idolatry; and who would feel it intolerable that a tyranny should again be set up in the church, to burden the consciences of the unhappy people. These, if you depart from the helm of the church, wiU most assuredly be subjected to the rage of their adversaries, who wUl estabUsh examinations and inquisitions against them, as '[} Ol- woi'shipping of the b'-O'-v^.l 11. J HENRY BULLINGER TO BISHOP HORN. 343 weU pubUc as private ; wUl accuse them of heresy and sedition, and through them wiU render the whole cause of religion suspected and hateful, both to her most serene majesty, and aU the nobility of the realm. We raust therefore carefully guard against their wicked artifices, lest we should yield to them of our own accord what they have now for many years endeavoured to obtain with rauch labour and dUigence. But if any one should ask rae whether I approve of those who first enacted, or are now zealous raaintainers of, those laws by which the dregs of popery are retained, I candidly and freely answer that I do not approve of thera. For they are either acting too imprudently, if they are on our side ; or else they are treacherously laying snares for the liberty of the chm-ches. But although they have obtruded upon you these dregs, as if they were necessary for the worship of God, for a safe conscience, and the salvation of the soul, I should think that every thing ought rather to be submitted to, than that you should suffer a godly people to be led away by them from a pure profession of faith. And since it is ex pressly provided, as you write me word, in that proclamation, that the square caps and surplices are to be retained without any supei-stitious conceit, I think that sufficient consideration has, at the same time, been shewn to your consciences. For you are at liberty, if I am not raistaken, to assign a reason for what you do, to reraove any opinion of superstition from every one's mind, and to make a protest that may take away all ground of offence. In the meanwhile, let the most serene queen and the illustrious nobles of the realm be in structed, urged and pressed, no longer to stain and defile a reformation, effected with so much praise and with the admiration of the whole world, with dregs and filthiness of this kind, nor to give occasion to the neighbouring churches of Scotland and France for any suspicion of disunion. I ara aware that many questions are raised by some parties respecting the authority of kings and magistrates, whether they ought to make any laws for the church, and whether the clergy are bound to obey such laws. But I do not consider these inquiries of so much consequence in the present case, since, as I have above stated, all conceit of superstition is removed by the words of the proclamation itself. And we must take care. lest., hv raising questions 344 APPENDIX. [let. before the people respecting the extent of magisterial autho rity, we should give occasion to some disorders. These things, however, ought to be lawfuUy discussed in the public asserably of the realm ; and those, who from their situation have it in their power to remind the queen and the nobles of their duty in private, ought by no raeans to be wanting in their endeavours. I have now stated, reverend father in Christ, what I had to write at this present time, because you were desirous of hearing my sentiraents on the question before us. I would by no means burden any man's conscience ; but nevertheless I think that we ought to beware, lest, whUe we are con sulting our own feelings and reputation as indiriduals, we should bring the church at large into some grievous peril. And I do not think this opinion of mine is at variance vrith the mind of Paul, who was wont to hecome all things to all men, that he might gain some; and who thought good to circuracise Tiraothy, lest he should alienate the Jews of that place frora the christian reUgion, and that he might exercise his ministry with greater advantage ; but who, on other occasions, thought it not fit to yield in the least to those who placed any merit in circumcision itself. But as many as have made the edification of the church the scope and end of their designs and actions, have not erred in con troversies of this kind. I have nothing to write about our own affairs. The Lord so regarded us during the pestUence of the last year, that we did not lose a single minister, i One or two died in the country. The plague, indeed, now seeras to be skirmishing in some degree in our city, but is not likely to be violent. We are in the Lord's hands ; let his wiU be done. On the 20th of November there will be a congress of the princes electors at Worms, in which a consultation wiU be had concerning the restoration of peace in Gerraany, and some points of great importance will be discussed respecting the bishops and their reforraation. May the great and good God direct by his Spirit the minds and counsels of all parties to his glory and the safety of the church ! My wife desires her most respectful salutations to the honourable lady, your wife. Fare weU, reverend father in Christ. Zurich, Nov. 3, 1565. r^ See above, p. 143.1 III.] henry bullinger to LAURENCE HUMPHREY, &C. 345 LETTER IIL HENRY BULLINGER TO LAURENCE HUMPHREY AND THOMAS SAMPSON. Dated at Zurich, May 1, 1566. May the Lord Jesus bless you, raost accompUshed sirs, and very dear brethren, and preserve you from all eril ! I have received your letters^, from which I learn, Laurence, that you complain that ray reply to your question appears too concise. But, ray brother, I neither perceived at that time, nor do I now perceive, the necessity of writing more copiously. For you only inquired what was my opinion with respect to the vestiarian controversy now agitated in England. To this question I thought it best to give you a short answer ; for I could express ray sentiraents in few words. Besides, I was aware that raaster Peter Martyr, of blessed memory, had both here and at Oxford frequently and fully handled the same question, and I had nothing to add to his remarks. But I remember, that in my letter addressed to you, my brother Sampson, I also gave a stateraent of my own opinion. And to repeat my sentiments in few words, I could never approve of your officiating, if so comraanded, at an altar laden, rather than adorned, with the iraage of hira that was crucified, and in the appropriate dress of the mass, that is, in the alb and cope, on the back part of which also the same image is represented. But, as far as I can understand by a letter from England, there is now no dispute concerning habits of this kind ; but the question is, whether it be lawful for the ministers of the gospel to wear a round or square cap, and a white garment which they call a surpUce, by the wearing of which the minister may be distinguished from the people ? And, whether it be a duty rather to rehnquish the ministry, or sacred office, than to wear vestments of this kind ? I replied to this question at the last fair, in a letter to the reverend master doctor Robert Horn, bishop of Win chester, and briefly repeated the words of master Martyr. P See above, letters r.xviii. and lxix, to both of which BuUinger replies in this letter.] , 346 APPENDIX. [LETi My colleague and very dear relative, master Rodolph Gualter, had written to the same person a short tirae before ; a copy of which letter I send to yourself and our other brethren, inclosed in this. If, therefore, you are disposed to listen to us, and desire our opinion respecting the vestiarian contro versy, as you signified to me in your last letter, behold ! you possess our opinion in this epistle: in which if you are unable to acquiesce, we are indeed most exceedingly grieved ; and since we have no other advice to offer, we heartily and continuaUy pray the Lord, who is under aU circumstances and at aU times to be looked up to, that by his grace and power he may provide a remedy for this afflictive state of things. Some questions, my brother Laurence, have been proposed by yourself, but our brother Sarapson has framed a greater number upon the same subject. But although in my homely simplicity I could never approve of the subject being dirided into so many questions, and entangled in such complicated knots, which otherwise, simple in itself, might be stated with sufficient perspicuity in few words ; yet I wUl remark some what upon each question, that in this raatter also I may be of service to you, my honom-ed masters and very dear brethren, as far as my lack of utterance, and power of per ception rather blunted than sharpened, will permit me. And I entreat you to receive with kindness these reraarks from nie, your brother, and who love you so much ; and to judge respecting them with a mind calm and free from prejudice. I altogether abominate all controversy, and I implore nothing more suppliantly from the Lord, than that he may take away from the church those contentions which from the beginning, and at aU times, have been most injurious to true piety, and torn the church, however peaceful and flourishing, in pieces. 1. To the question, whether laws respecting habits ought to he prescribed to ecclesiastics, that they may he distinguished hy them from the laity, I reply, that there is an ambiguity in the word ought. For if it is taken as implying what is necessary and appertaining to salvation, I do not think that even the authors of the laws themselves intend such an interpretation. But if it is asserted, that for the sake of in.] HENKY BULLINGER 3"0 LAURENCE HUMPHREY, &C. 347 decency, and comeliness of appearance, or dignity and order, some such regulation may be made, or some such thing be understood, as that which the apostle requu-es, namely, that a bishop or minister of the church should be KOff/onoy, (I mean decent or orderly,) I do not see how he is to blame, who either adopts a habit of this sort himself, or who commands it to be worn by others. 2. Whether the ceremonial worship of the Levitical priest hood is to be reintroduced into the church? I reply, if a cap and habit not unbecoming a minister, and free from super stition, are commanded to be used by the clergy, no one can reasonably assert that Judaism is revived. Moreover, I will here repeat the answer that I see doctor Martyr made to this question, who, after haring shewed that the sacraments of the old law had been abolished, and ought not to be reintroduced into the church of Christ, which has [those of] baptism and the Lord's supper, subjoined, "there were not withstanding in the Levitical law sorae ordinances of such a character, as that they cannot properly be called sacraments; for they served unto decency and order, and a certain be- comingness, which, as agreeable to the light of nature, and furthering some utility of ours, I judge, may not only be restored but retained. Who seeth not that the apostles for quietness sake, and for the better living together of be lievers, commanded the gentiles to abstain from things stran gled and from blood? These things were beyond dispute legal and Levitical. Also, no man is ignorant that at this day tithes are instituted in raany places for the support of ministers. It is most evident too, that psalms and hymns are sung in the holy assemblies, which nevertheless the Levites also practised. And, not to omit this, we have feast days in remembrance of our Lord's resurrection, and other things. Are aU these things to be abolished because they are traces of the old law? You see then, that all the Levitical rites are not to be so abrogated, as that none of them may be lawfuUy retained." Thus far Peter Martyr'. P The epistle from whence the above passage is quoted, is dated from Oxford, Nov. 4, 1650, and seems to have been written to Hooper, although in the author's own copy there is no name put thereto. Seel Martyr's Divine Epistles, at tho end of his common places.] 348 APPENDIX. [let. 3. Whether is it allowable to have a habit in common with papists? I answer, it is not yet proved that the pope introduced a distinction of habits into the church ; so far from it, that it is clear that such distinction is long anterior to popery. Nor do I see why it should be unlawful to use, in coramon with papists, a vestment not superstitious, but per taining to civil regulation and good order. If it were not allowable to have any thing in common with them, it would be necessary to desert all the churches, to decline the receipt of stipend, to abstain from baptism, and the reciting of the apostles' and the Nicene creed, and even to reject the Lord's prayer. But after all, you do not borrow any ceremonies from them; for the use of the habits was never set aside from the beginning of the reformation ; and it is stiU retained, not by any popish enactment, but by virtue of the royal edict, as a raatter of indifference and of civU order. 4. The use' therefore of a distinctive cap or habit in ciril raatters savours neither of Judaism nor monachism; for they affect to appear separated from ciril life, and make a merit of their pecuUar dress. Thus Eustathius, bishop ¦ of Sebastia", was condemned, not merely on account of his pecu liar dress, but because he made religion to consist in that dress. The canons of the councils of Gangra, Laodicea, and the sixth synod are known. And if some of the people are led to believe that this savours of popery, Judaism, and raona chisra, let them be adraonished and rightly instructed in these matters. And should any be disquieted by the importunate clamours of sorae individuals, lavishly poured forth upon this subject among the people, let those who act thus have a care, lest they should irapose heavier burdens upon themselves, irritate the queen's majesty, and end by bringing many faithful ministers into dangers frora which they will hardly escape. 5. To the question, whether those persons who have till now enjoyed their liberty, can with a safe conscience, by the authority ofa royal edict, involve in this bondage both themselves [} For Humphrey's fourth question, to which this paragraph is an answer, see above, p. 162.] P Du Pin states that the Eustathius wliose. errors were condemned at the council of Gangra, was a different person from the bisliop of Sebastia. See above p. 169, note 2.] III.] HENRY BULLINGER TO LAURENCE HUMPHREY, &C. 349 and the church, I reply, that in my opinion great caution is to be observed lest this dispute, and clamour, and contention respecting the habits should be conducted with too much bittemess, and by this importunity a handle should be afforded to the queen's majesty to leave that no longer a matter of choice to those who have abused their liberty ; but being irritated by these needless clamours, she may issue her orders, that either these habits raust be adopted, or the rainistry. relinquished. It appears indeed most extraordinary to me, (if I may be aUowed, most accoraplished and very dear brethren, to speak my sentiments without offence,) that you can persuade your selves that you cannot, with a safe conscience, subject your selves and churches to vestiarian bondage ; and that you do not rather consider, to what kind of bondage you will sub ject yourselves and churches, if you refuse to comply with a civU ordinance, which is a matter of indifference, and are perpetuaUy contending in this troublesome way; because, by the relinquishment of yom- office, you wiU expose the churches to wolves, or at least to teachers who are far from competent, and who are not equaUy fitted with yourselves for the insti-uction of the people. And can you be said to have asserted the liberty of the churches, who rainister occa^ sion of oppressing the church with burdens even yet more grievous ? Are you not aware of what is the object of many, in what manner they are affected towards the preaching of the gospel, of wliat character wiU be those who are to succeed you, and what is to be expected from them ? 6. Whetiier the dress of the clergy is a matter of in difference ? It certainly seems such, when it is a matter of civil ordinance, and has respect only to decency and order, in which things religious worship does not consist. Thus, my most learned and dearly beloved brother, Lau rence, have I thought fit briefly to reply to your letter. I now come also to the questions of our friend master Sampson, in the discussion of which I shaU probably be yet more brief. 1. Whether a peculiar habit, distinct from that of the laity, were ever assigned to the ministers of the church ; and whether it ought now to he assigned to them in the reformed church ? I reply : that there was in the primitive church a habit peculiar to the priests, is manifest from the ecclesiastical 350 APPENDIX. [let; history of Theodoret, Book ii. chap. 27, and of Socrates,> Book VI. chap. 22'. And no one who has but cursorily con sidered the raonuraents of antiquity, can be ignorant that the ministers always wore the pallium upon sacred occasions ; so that, as I have before intimated, the distinction of habits does not derive its origin from the pope. Eusebius truly bears witness from the most ancient vsriters, that the apostle John at Ephesus wore on his forehead a petalum^, or pontifical plate [of gold] ; and Pontius', the deacon, relates of the martyr Cyprian, that when he was about to present his neck to> the executioner, he first gave him his birrus'^, and his dalmatic^ [} The following is the story to which Bullinger refers. Sisinius,, the Novatian bishop, going one day to visit Arsacius, bishop of Con stantinople, one of tlie clergy asked him why he wore a garment which did not become a bishop ? and, wliere it was written that a priest ought to be clothed in white ? To whom he replied. You first shew me where it is written, that a bishop ought to be clothed in black ? See Bing ham's Antiquities, Book vi. ch. 4. §. 18.] P The petalum was the name given to the tliin plate of gold which, the Jewish high priest wore on his forehead. See above, p. 160, note 1.] P See above p. 160, note 2.] [|* Tlie birrus, says Mr Bingham, was not peculiar to bishops, nor yet to the clergy, and was no more than the common tunica or coat worn generally by Christians in Africa, as may appear from a canou' of the council of Gangra, made against Eustathius the heretic and his followers, who condemned the common habit, the birrus, and brought in the use ofa strange habit in its room. The canon runs in these words: El Ti9 dvipojv B*ia vofxi^onevrjv a(TKrj conspiracy against queen Elizabeth, ib. -n. Arau, 22 n. Argyle, earl of, 197 n, 205 n. Argyle, countess of, at the christening of James 1. 183 n. Armuyden, laid waste by the Walloon troops, 273. Arran, James Hamilton, third earl of, escapes from Erance, 56 « ; a suitor of queen Elizabeth, 68 n. Arras, Anthony Perrenot, bishop pf, and cardinal of Granvelle, 139. Article.^ drawn up by the separatists, 280, 295. Arundel, Henry Fitzalan, earl of, one of queen Elizabeth's privy council, 5m; one of her suitors, 34 m. Assembly, general, of Scotland, its proceedings, 197, 198, &c. Athanasius, 62. Augustine, an observation of, 64; re ferred to, 179. Augustus, elector of Saxony, summons the convocation at Thorgau, 315 n. Austria, Charles, archduke of, brother of the emperor JVIaximilian, and suitor to queen Elizabeth, 144. Austria, Don John of, his death, 327 n. Aylmer, John, successively archdeacon of Stow and Lincoln, and bishop of London, one of the disputants at the ¦Westminster conference, 11. B. Bacon, air Nicholas, lord keeper of the great seal, 5ra; president at the Westminster conference, 16 m. Baden, Cecilia, margravine of, sister to the king of Sweden, much delighted queen Elizabeth, 257 m. Baine, Ralph, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 10 m; one on the papist side at the Westminster conference, ib. ; his death, 69. Baldwin, Francis, a celebrated pro fessor of law, 118 n. Balkius, Isbrand, concerned in a dis pute in the strangers' church at Norwich, 256 »; banished in con sequence, 266. BaltingUs, lord, raises a rehellion in Ireland, 332 «. 568 INDEX. Baptism by women, not allowed in the church of England, 178. Barlow, William, 302, 320. Barlow, William, bishop of Chichester, 23, 40, 63. Barwyk, Humphrey, condemned for treason, 129 n. Basil, St, 301 ra. Batli, earl of, one of queen Mary's privy council, 5 n. Bavarian inquisition, articles of, 110 ra, 278. Beaufort, Mr. de, a name assumed by the earl of Arran, 57 ra. Beaumont, Robert, archdeacon of Hunt ingdon, and master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 137 m; his death, 194. Eeddingfield, sir Henry, one of queen Mary's council, 5 ra. Bedford, Francis Russel, second earl of, one of queen Elizabeth's council, 5ra; ambassador in Scotland, 183; patron of Gualter's son, 289. Belisarius, 18 ra. Bentham, Thomas, minister of a con gregation in London in queen Mary's time, 7 ; bishop of Lichfield and Co ventry, 63. Bernardine, see Ochinus, 22, 26, 40, .58, 64. Beti, Fr. 9. Betta, 305. Beza, Theodore, 312. Bibliander, Theodore, a minister at Zurich, 30, 155 ra ; his commentary on Genesis and Exodus, 135, 355. Bill, WiUiam, afterwards master of St John's and Trinity colleges, and dean of Westminster, preacher at St Paul's cross on the queen's acces sion, 4 n. Birchet, Peter, 313. Birkman, Arnold, 70, 78. Birrus, description of the, 350 n. Bishop, Thomas, executed at York, 223 ra. Bishops, some lands of, exchanged for parsonages impropriate,20; authority of, in the church of England, 179. Blaarer, 130. Black, a Dominican friar, 166. Blondus, 160. Bonamy, 322. Bonner, Edmund, bishop of London, complaint of Ridley's executors against him, 7 ; confined as prisoner to his house, 7, 10 m ; deprived of his see, 23 ; sent to prison, 79, 82. Bothwell, James Hepburn, earl of, suspected of the murder of lord Darnley, 192 ; marries the queen of Scots, ib. ; made duke of Orkney, 193 ; death of, 195 ra. Bothwell, Adam, bishop of Orkney, 192. Bo'ives, Richard, one of the royal visitors for the north, 73 ra. Boxal, John, dean of Peterborough, Norwich, and Windsor, one of queen Mary's council, 5m; his death, 255. Brentius, John, the patron of Ubiqui- t.irianism, 108 n, 121 ; testament of, answered by Bullinger, 241, 243, 258. Brill, the, taken by the lord of Lnmey, 273. Broadgate hall, now Pembroke college, 327 n. Brooks, James, bishop of Gloucester, death of, 12 ; account of, ib. n. Brown, sir John, one of queen Mary's council, 5 ra. Brown, George, one of the royal visitors for the north, 73 m. Bruerne, Richard, deprived of his pro fessorship, 12; provost of Eton, ib.n; has Peter Martyr's prebend, 66. Bucer, Martin, his opinion respecting the habits, 161 ; and the book of coin- mon prayer, 234 ra. Buchanan, George, writes verses ' in praise of queen Elizabeth, 115; say ing of the queen respecting him, 240 ra ; writes on behalf of the queen of Scots, 263. Bull, of Pope Pius 'V, deposing queen Elizabeth, 221, 229; answered by Bullinger, 244; and Jewel, ib. «.' Bullinger, Henry, his treatise on two natures in Christ, 30; against the anabaptists, 87 ; his dispute with Brentius, 98 m ; his sermons on the Apocalypse translated, 99; his dis courses on Daniel, 144 ; his treatise on the Origin of error, 182; and on councils, 215; his homilies on the 130th find 133d psalms, 303 ; attacked by the plague, 142 ; last illness, 317; INDEX. 369 his death, 318 ; eulogy on, 318; his decades ordered by convocation to be studied by the clergy, 308 ra ; chil dren of, 30 ra, 142 m, 171m; letters of, 341, 345, 356, 357, 360. Bullinger, Dorothea, 304, 305. BuUinger, Henry, the younger, 105. Bullinger, Rodolph, 29. Burcher, John, 49, 70, 90, 105 ; di vorced from his wife, 98. Burghley, lord, see Cecil. Butler, Henry, 244, 258,263; patron. ised by bishop Parkhurst, 242. C. Caius, John, master and a founder of Caius coUege, some account of, 31 n. Calais, restitution of, demanded, 24, 91m. Calvin, John, 119, 127 ra. Cartwright, Thomas, his admonition to the parliament, 297 m; escapes to Heidelberg, 312, 313 m; character of, 312 ra. Carrick, earl of, 183 ra. Carvil, Nicholas, death of, 194. Cashel, archbishop of, retires to the continent, 309 m. Casimir, John, duke, besieges Deven ter, 325 ; visits England, 330 m. Cassander, George, 118 ra. Cassilis, earl of, 205 ra. Cathedral churches, state of, 45. Cave, sir Ambrose, one of queen Eli zabeth's privy council, 5 ra. Cawood, a residence belonging to the see of y ork, 259 ra. Cecil, sir WiUiam, secretary of state, 5 n ; favours the reformation, 65. Cecilia, margravine of Baden, 257 ra. Chalcis, 335. Chambers, Richard, 65, 141 ; notice of his death, 148. Charlemagne, convokes a council at . Frankfort, 150 ra. Charles Emanuel, duke of Savoy, 334 m. Charles IX, king of France, 273. Charles, archduke of Austria, suitor to queen EUzabeth, 24, 34, 46, 192. Chatelherault, duke of, 197 ra. Chatillon, cardinal de, 209 m. Chedsey, William, one. of the dispu tants at the Westminster conference, lira. Cheney, Richiird, bishop of Glouces ter, entertained Luther's opinions re specting the eucharist, 186. Cheney, sir Thomas, one of queen Elizabeth's privy council, 5 ra. Christopherson, John, bishop of Chi chester, preaches at Paul's cross, 4 ; committed to prison, 4 ; his death, 6. Chrysostom, 160. Clerk, Bartholomew, afterwards dean of the Arches, answered Sanders's book, de visibili monarchia, 281 ra. Cleve, the rectory of, held by Park. hurst, 48. Clinton, Edward, lord, one of queen Elizabeth's privy council, 5 m; com mands troops against the rebels in the north, 247 m. Clough, sir Richard, his account of Embden, 140 ra. Coinage, base, called in by queen Eli zabeth, 93. Cole, Henry, warden of New college, and dean of St Paul's, a disputant at Westminster, 11, 14, 27. Cole, Thomas, archdeacon of Essex and Colchester, death of, 256. Cole, WiUiam, 236 m ; death of, 242. Coler, 30. Coligni, Gasper, admiral of France, besieges Caen, 124; murdered in the massacre of Paris, 291. Coligni, Odet de, archbishop of Tou louse, poisoned at Canterbury, 250. CoUin, 30. Common prayer book established by act of parliaraent, 29, 84 ; Bucer's opinion respecting it, 234 ra ; puritan exceptions against, 283. Compagni, Bartholomew, (factor to Edward VL), 40, 58. Condd, prince of, queen Elizabeth made a contract with him, 115 ra. Conders, Frederick, 273. Confederate Scots lords, 193 ra, 197 « ; standard of, 195. Confession of Helvetia, 304 m; eulo gised by Bossuet, 169 m. Cook, sir Antony, 5, 8, 21, S3, 59. Copes, retained in churches, 74. CordeU, sir WUUam, one of queen Mary's privy council, 5«. 24 370 INDEX. Corinth, 335. Cornicius, James, 28. Cornwallis, sir Thomas, one of queen Mary's privy council, 5 ra. ' Corrichie, battle of, 129 ra. Cosyn, Edward, condemned for treason, 129 m. Council of Frankfort, 156 ra; in TruUo, 179 ra. Court of faculties, 164, 180. Coventry, martyrs at, 86; queen of Scots removed to, 217. Coverdale, Miles, bishop of Exeter, 131. Cox, Richard, concerned in the dispu tation at Westminster, 11; designed for the bishoprick of Norwich, 23 ; bishop of Ely, 40, 63; objects to the crucifix in the queen's chapel, 66 m ; writes to the queen upon this sub ject, ib. ; one of the compilers ofthe liturgy, 234 ra ; required to surrender some property belonging to his see, 319 ra; letters of, 26, 65, 112, 207, 220, 234, 243, 268, 279, 282, 284, 297, 306, 307, 314, 315, 316. Cranmer, archbishop, 12. Cranmer, (probably Thomas, son of the archbishop), 8. Crawford, earl of, arms in defence of the queen of Scots, 205 ra. Crito, an assumed name of the earl of Arran, 56, 59, &c. Crofts, sir James, one of the royal visitors for the north, 73 m. Cross, sign of, used iu the primitive church, 180. Crucifix, retained in the queen's chapel, 55, 63, 129. Crypto-calvinists, 313 ra. Cyprian, 160. Cyprus, invaded by the Turks, 239 ra. D. Dalmatic, the, a kind of dress, descrip- tion of, 350 ra. Darnley, Henry Stewart, lord, 102 n ; marries the queen of Scots, 144 ; at tends mass, 160; murder of, 186, 196. Daus, John, translates BuUinger's ser mons on the Apocalypse, 99. Demetrias, 335. Denny, sir Henry, 230. Derby, Henry Stanley, earl of, one of queen Elizabeth's privy council, 5m; one of the commissioners for the north, 73 m. Desmond, earl of, raises a rebellion in Ireland, 332 ra. Deventer, besieged by duke Casimir, 325. Digby, Simon, executed at York, 225 n. Disputation at Westminster, between eight papists and eight protestants, account of, 13 &c. 27. Douglas, George, aids the queen of Scots in her escape from Lochleven, 202 ra. Douglas, lady Margaret, 102 m. Drury, marshal of Berwick, 223 n. Dudley, lord Robert, (afterwards earl of Leicester), one of queen Elizabeth's suitors, 34 »i, 216ra. Dumbarton, castle of, taken by the regent Lennox, 262. Dutch church in London, dissensions in, 208 ; at Norwich, 256. Eaton, or Heton, Thomas, (a merchant of London who contributed to the afllicted professors of the gospel, and had been an exile at Strasburgh), 2, 80. Ecebolus, 169 ra. Edinburgh, seized by the adherents of the queen of Scots, 262; castle of, taken by queen Elizabeth, 290, 292. Eglinton, earl of, 203 n. Egmont, count, put to death by the duke of Alva, 204 ; some account of, 204 ra. Eliperius, 78. Elizabetii, queen, accession of, 3; reply to queen Mary's messengers, 3; list of her privy council, 5 m ; retains the mass in her private chapel, 18; thinks, of recaUing Peter Blartyr, 20, 53, 74; and of joining the league of Smal- cold, 21 ; suitorsof, 24; declines being called the head ofthe ohurch, 24, 29, 33; reforms the currency, 93, 104; declines sending representatives to Trent, 101 ; meditates a progress to INDEX. 371 York, 109 ; determines to assist the prince of Conde, 115; ill of the small pox, 124; succession of, debated in parliament, 185 ra ; proposed marriage with Charles of Austria, 192 ; her death attempted by the papists, 252 ; letter of, to the Swiss cantons, 333. Embden, a mart for English merchants, 139 ra ; character of the place, 140 ra. England, church of, alleged blem ishes therein, 163, &c. Englefield, sir Francis, one of queen Mary's privy councU, 6 m. Epiphanius, 160 m. Errol, earl of, 205 ra. Escot, Christopher, commissioner for a royal visitation in the north, 73 n, Essex, earl of, 329; death and character of, 329 n. Eusebius, 178. Eustathius, 159, 348. Evers, Thomas lord, in the commission for a royal visitation in the north, 73 ra. Exorcisms, form of, in the first book of Edward VL, 178 ra. Fabricius, John Henry, son of the standard-bearer of Zurich, 108, 305 ; visits bishop Parkhurst, 111. Faculties, court of, 164, 180. Falconer, 69; death of, 79- Feckenham, John, abbot of Westmin ster, one of the disputants there, 10 ra ; 11 ; speech of, in the house of lords, 20 ; sent to the tower, 79 m. Felton, John, fixes the pope's buU against queen Elizabeth, on the bishop of London's palace gates, 221 ra, 234. Ferdinand, emperor of Germany, his son a suitor of queen Elizabeth, 46. Feria, duke of, ambassador from Spain, Sra, 10. Field, John, one of the compilers of the admonition to parliament, 284 ra. Finland, John, duke of, see Sweden, prmce of. Fittich, Vespasian, 28. Flanders, disorders in, 139 ra; inunda tions there, 233. Fleming, lord, 203. Flushing, troops sent there, 273 ; pirates, 312. Fortescue, Anthony, (comptroller to cardinal Pole) condemnedfor treason, 129 ra. Foxe, John, employed in collecting the history of the martyrs, 26 ; trans- lates into Latin Cranmer's treatise on the Eucharist, 42 ra ; notice of his Acts and Monuments, 128 ; his letter to the duke of Norfolk, 216 m ; Let ters of, 22, 25, 33, 37, 41, 42. France, peace concluded with, 24, 75 m, 139 ra, 273; afi'airs of, 114; war de clared against, 132. France, king of, styles himself king of Scotland, 40 ; relinquishes the litle, 89. Frankfort, council of, 156 ra. French church in London, 93 ; col lection for its benefit, 288 ra. Frensham, 22, 25, 36, 42, 58. Frisius, 17, 97. Froschover, Christopher, (a printer at Zurich, who received some of the EngHsh exUes,) lira, 30, 42m, 224. Fulthorp, J., executed for treason, 225 ra. Funckius, 30. G. Gangra, council of, 159, 350. Gargrave, sir Thomas, one of the royal visitors for the north, 73 m. Gates, sir Henry, one of the royal visi tors for the north, 73 ra. Geneva besieged by the duke of Savoy, 334. Gesner, Conrad, 17, 31m; sends to England for MSS. of ancient eccle siastical authors, 137 ra ; notice of his Bibliotheca, 303. Gheast, Edmund, (afterwards bishop of Rochester and Salisbury) one of the disputants at Westminster, 11. Goodman, Christopher, 21; tract by, 21 ra ; preaches in the Scots' camp, 60. Goodman, Gabriel, (dean of Westmin ster) signs a warrant for the appre hension of Cartwright, 313 m. Gordon, John and- Adam, sons of lord Huntley, made prisoners at Corrichie, 129 ra. Grange, lord, see Kirkaldy. 24—2 372 INDEX. Granvelle, cardinal, 139. Grey, lady Catherine, (daughter of Henry, duke of Suffolk) marries the earl of Hertford, 103; committed to the Tower by queen Elizabeth, 103 m. Grindal, Edmund, oneof the disputants at Westminster, 11 ; made bishop of London, 23, 40, 63; translated to York, 224, 229, 233 ; iUness of, 258 archbishop of Canterbury, 329, 332 sequestered by queenElizabeth,329ra letters of, 168, 182, 191, 196, 201, 208, 213, 224, 258, 291, 293; (and jointly with Horn) 175. Grinffius, 36. Grisons, disturbances in the, 278. Gualter, Rodolph, 17 ; pubUshes com mentaries on St John's gospel, 141 ; and an exposition of the epistles to the Corinthians, 279 ra, 286, 293; succeeds Bullinger as chief pastor of Zurich, 318; Letter of, 362. Gualter, Rodolph, son of the preceding, 263, 264 ra ; mamtained at Cambridge by bishop Parkhurst, 271m, 289; goes to Oxford, 289 ra; returns to Zurich, 304; death of, 324. Guernsey, sir Thomas Leighton, go vernor of, 323. Guise, Francis de Lorraine, duke of, 114,118; death of, 124 m. Guise, Henry de Lorraine, duke of, 325. Guldebeckius, 110. Gusman, don Diego, ambassador from Spain, 139 ra. H. Habits, prescribed to the clergy, 84 ; objected to by many of the bishops, 84 m; controversy about, 148, 151, 153, 157, &c. ; 168, 176, &c. ; Bul Unger's opinion concerning them, 345, &c. ; Peter Martyr's judgment respecting them, 347. Haddon, Walter, (successively public orator, and master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and president of Magda lene College, Oxford,) 111; death of, 240 ; saying of queen Elizabeth respecting him, 240 n. Hales, John, 103 m. HaUer, 17, 30, 84. Hamburgh, commerce of the English with, 140. Harailton, James, ot BothweUhaugh, assassin of the regent Murray, 218; Hamilton, James, archbishop of St Andrew's, put to death at Dum barton, 257 m. Hamilton, duke of, leader of the popish party in Scotland, 228. Harding, Thomas, 45 ra; Jewel's con- troversy with, 139 m, 147. Harpsfield, John, engaged on thepoplsh side in the disputation at West mmster, 11. Harvey, Henry, one of the royal visi tors in the north, 73 ra. Hastings, Edward, lord, one of queen Mary's privy councU, 5 ra. Hatton, Christopher, tries to get Ely house from bishop Cox, 319 n. Havre de grace, plague at, 132. Heath, Nicholas, archbishop of York, one of queen Mary's councU, 5 m, 7, 10 ra. Helvetia, confession of, 169n, 304 ra. Herbert, Henry, lord, (afterwards earl of Pembroke) divorced from his wife, 103 ra. Herman, 9, 13; visits bishop Jewel, 120. Hertford, Edward Seymour, earl of, (son of the protector Somerset) com mitted to the Tower for his clan destine marriage with lady Catherine Grey, 103 ra. Heshusius, Tilman, 109 n. Heton, Thomas, 2, 80. See Eaton. Higham, sir Clement, one of queen Blary's council, 5 n. Hilles, Richard, (a merchant, and con tributor to the exiles in queen Mary's reign) 224. Letters of, 171, 211, 241, 270. HiUes, Barnabas, 241, 270. Hilles, Gerson, 271. Hirter, 62. Holland, Garland, a bookseller at Ox ford, 328. Holstein, Adolph., duke of, visits Eng land, 89. Hoper, Ann, wife of bishop, 36. Horn, Robert, returns from exUe, 6; disputes at Westminster, 11, 15, 27 ; bishop of Winchester, 93 ; his death, 332ra. Letters of, 134, 141, 245, 27«, 320, 321, (and with Grindal) 175. INDEX. 373 Horn, count of, executed at Brussels, 204; notice of, 204 ra. Hosius, cardinal, some account of, 113 ra. Howard of Effingham, Charles, lord, one pf queen Elizabeth's privy coun cil, 5 b. Howard, Thomas, duke of Norfolk, proposes marriage to the queen of Scots, 216 ra; committed to the Tower in consequence, 216. Huguenots, treaty with, 250 ; seek refuge in London, 291. Huldrieh, John, 324. Humphrey, Laurence, (president of Magdalene CoUege, Oxford) exile at Zurich, 11 n ; refuses to join the separatists, 202; writes the life of Jewel, 310 ra. Letters of, 133, 151, 289, 310, 324, 326, (and with Satnp- son), 167.. Hunsdon, lord, 225 ; letter of, to lord Burghley, quoted, 219 ra. Huntley, earl of, his death, 129. Hyperius, 131. Images removed from churches, 63; disputation respecting, 67, 73. Innocent, 158. Inundation in. Norfolk and Suff'olk, 233. Ireland, state of, 140, 332. Isbrandus, Balkius, minister in the Dutch church at Norwich , 256, 266 ra. J. James VL of Scotland, birth of, 167; baptism of, 183; crowned king of Scotland, 197. Jernegam, (or Jerningham) Sir Henry, one of queen Mary's privy council, 5 m. Jewel, John, returns from exile, 9 ; one of the disputants at Westminster, 11 ; a royal visitor for the north, 24, , 39 ; bishop of Salisbury, 40, 50, 63 ; publishes his apology, 101 m, 121 ; his sermon at Paul's cross, 147 m; death of, 260 ; letters of, 6, 9, 13, 17, 19, 23, 32, 38, 44, 48, 50, 52, 54, 69, «7, 70, 77, 80, 88, 91, 96, 99, 104, 106, 114, 117, 120, 123,125, 126, 138, 146, 155, 184, 226, 238. John, don of Austria, 326, 326 m. John de villa Garsya, a Spanish monk, 33 ra. Julius Santerentianus, a friend and attendant of Peter Martyr, 8, 61, 77, 224, 232. Justinian, the emperor, 19. K. KiUegrew, Sir Henry, (brother-in-law to Lord Burghley) sent ambassador into Sotland, 167, 290 ra. Kingsmill, Richard, one of the royal visitors for the north, 73 ra. Kirkaldy, Sir WiUiam, of Grange, 193, 198; governor of Edinburgh castle, 262 ; deserted to the queen's party, ib. ; executed, ib.ji. Kitchen, Anthony, bishop of Llan. daff, lOra. KnoUes, Sir Francis, one of queen Elizabeth's privy council, 5ra. Knox, John, 167; banished from Edin burgh, 24, 39, 170 ; preaches in the Scots' carap, 60; declaims against idolatry, 160 ; returns to his church at Edinburgh, 198. Lamoral, (see Egmont), 204. Langdale, Alban, archdeacon of Chi- Chester, one of the disputants at Westminster, lira. Langside, battle of, 203 ra. Laodicea, council of, 159. Lavater, Louis, (a minister at Zuficb), 17. Leicester, earl of, 216 n. Leighton, Sir Thomas, govemor ofthe isle of Guernsey, 323. Leith, James, letter of, 230. Leith, taken by the EngUsh, 82, 86, 88, 91 ; terms of capitulation, 89 ; leveUed to the ground, 89; fortified by the king's party, 262. Lennox, Matthew Stuart, earl of, com mitted to the Tower, 102 ; regent of Scotland, 226, 262; assassinated at Stirling, 262 ra. Lennox, Margaret Douglas, countess of, 102. 374. INDEX. Lepanto, battle of, 270 ra. Lethington, lord Maitland of, 193 ra. Lever, Thomas, (master of St John's, Cambridge), 224; invited to be mi nister at Coventry, 86; minister at Arau, 88 ra ; refuses to join the sepa ratists, 202; preaches at the funeral of Dr Turner, 206 ; letter of, 84. Lewis, count, brother of the prince of Orange, occupies Valenciennes, 274. Liberian, 62. Lindsay, Lord, his behaviour to the queen of Scots, 197 ra. Linlithgow,theregentMurraymurdered at, 218. Liturgy of Edward VI, 234 ; Bucer's opinion of, 234 m. London, plague at, 132 ra. Lord's supper, primitive mode of ad ministering, 178 m. Lovelace, William, in a commission for a royal visitation, 39 ra. Low countries, see Flanders. Ludham, a residence of the bishop of Norwich, 98 ra. Lumey, William Vandermarke, lord of, takes the Brill, 273. Luncher, 131. Lutherans, called Martinists at Ant werp, 174. Lycosthenes, Conrad, abridged Ges- ner's Bibliotheca, 305 ra. M. Maclaine, Peter, a bookseller at Basle, 35, 41. Magdalene coUege, 271 ra, 289. Maitland, lord, of Lethington, 193 ra. Mar, earl of, 193 ra, 197; chosen regent, 262. Marshal, Richard, notice of, 12 ra. Martinengo, abbot of, the Pope's nun cio, 102 ra. Martinists, Lutherans so called, 174. Martyr, Peter, invited to return, 20 ra, 43, 77 ra, 81 ; sends a book to queen Elizabeth, 23; writes a commentary on Judges, 112 ; his book on vows, 46, 58; attends the conference at Poissy, 99 m; writes on the Ubi quitarian controversy, 100 m; death of, 123 ; his image, in silver, sent to Jewel, 126; his opinion ofthe Com mon Prayer book, 234, 235 ; wife of, 47 m ; children of, 54 m ; letter of, 339. Mary, queen, message of, to Elizabeth^ 3 ; death of, 3. Mary, queen of Scots, 102 ; retains the mass, 104, 116, 124, 140, 169 ; seeks an interview with Elizabeth, 113; sends her presents, 120; marries lord Darnley, 144; marries the earl of BothweU, 192 ; suspected of the murder of her husband, 193, 197 » ; escapes to Dunbar, 193 m; confined in Lochleven castle, 196 ; resigns the crown to her son, 197 ; escapes from Lochleven, 202 n ; files to CasUe HamUton, 203; escapes to Carlisle after the battle of Langside, 203; association in defence of, 205 ra; con fined in Bolton, Tutbury, and Shef field castles, 210 ra; transferred to Coventry, 217; regulations respecting her imprisonment, 260 ra ; proposed marriage with the duke of Norfolk, 216 ra; sought in marriage by the brother of the French king, 239. Mason, Sir John, a privy counciUor, 3 ra ; appointed to examine into a complaint against bishop Bonner, 7ra. Mass, aboUtion of, 29 ; riots at Holy- rood house occasioned by, 104. Massacre of St Bartholomew's, 276, 291m. May, WiUiam, dean of St Paul's, and archbishop of York elect, death of, 93. Meath, bishop of, 309 ». Medina Cell, duke of, viceroy in Flan ders, 275. Melancthon, Philip, writes an answer to the articles of Bavaria, 110 n. Merenda, Catherine, wife of Peter Martyr, 47 ra. Merrick, Rowland, bishop of Bangor, 63 ra. Meyer, 30. Middleberg, invaded by the WaUoons, 273. Jlont, Christopher, agent of queen Eliziibetli, 173 m, 212. Montague, viscount, one of queen Mary's privy council, 6 ra. INDEX. 375 Montmorenci, Francis, duke of, French ambassador in England, 34, 273. Montmorenci, Philip, count Horn, 204 ra. Montrose, earl of, 205 m. Moors, victory of, in Spain, 219. Mordaunt, Sir John, one of queen Mary's privy council, 6 ra. Morley, Henry Parker, lord, a fugi tive beyond sea, 309 ra. Morton, earl of, delivers the . earl of Northumberland to the English, 217 m. Muralt, 9, Murderer discovered by a sheep, 109. Murray, earl of, regent of Scotland, 197, 210; assassination of, 216, 218, 223. Murray, lord, of TuUibardin, 193 ra. Musculus, Wolfgang, 84. N. Navarre, queen of, 250. Netherlands, commerce of, interrupted, 209. Newhaven, plague at, 132. Nominalists, 63. Norfolk, Thomas Howard, duke of, proposes marriage to the queen of Scots, 216; tried in Westminster haU, 261 ; peers present at the trial, 267 ra ; condemned, 267 ; executed, 269 m, 272. Norfolk, Mary Fitz-Alan, duchess of, her funeral, 137 ra. Norfolk, rebeUion in, 229, 248 ; late harvest and scarcity in, 301. Norris, Sir Henry, ambassador in France, 231. Norris, John, gallantry of, in Flanders, 325 ra. North, Roger, lord, obtains letters for the manor of Somersham, 319 ra. North, rebeUion in the, 213, 247. Northampton, William Par, marquis of, one of queen Elizabeth's privy council, Sra; his death, 267 m. Northumberland, Thomas Percy, earl of, one of the royal visitors for the north, 73 ra; heads the rebellion of the papists in the north, 213, 217, 222, 227; his flight, and confinement in Lochleven, 214 n, 223 ; execution of, 217 ra. Norton, Richard, a rebel in the north, 214 ra. Norwich, cathedral of, injured by light ning, 132; Dutch church at, 236; disturbances in, ib. Nowell, Alexander, dean of St Paul's, signs a warrant for the apprehension of Cartwright, 313 ra. O. Occamists, 63. Ochinus, Bernardinus, a leamed Italian, invited by Abp. Cranmer into England, 22, 26, 40, 58, 64. (Ecolampadius, John, 110. Oglethorp, Owen, bishop of Carlisle, 10 ra; death of, 69. OU, use of abolished in the Church of England, 178. O'Neale, John, rebels against queen Elizabeth, 186 ra, 194; killed in an affray, 195. Orange, WiUiam of Nassau, prince of, 273, 293. Orenberg, count Von, kUled at Gro- ningen, 205. Osiander, Andreas, 127 m. Otho, constitutions of, 158. Oxford, state of religion in, 33, 55, 77. Paget, William, lord, one of queen Mary's privy council, 3 ra. Pallium, description of the, 160. PamphUus, an assumed name of Tho mas Randolph, 56, 59, &c. Parker, Matthew, archbishop of Can terbury, 61, 63, 180 m; visitation of, in the isle of Wight, 323 m; death and character of, 317 ra. Parker, 253 ra. Parkhurst, John, exile at Zurich, lira; rector of Cleve, 48, 51 ra, 61, 69 ; re fuses a bishoprick, 61 ; writer of some epigrams, 49 ; made bishop of Norwich, 61 ra, 76 ; interposes m the dissensions there, 256 ra; embarrassed by the misconduct of his agent, 265 ; death of, 317; letters of, 29, 31, 49, 61, 90, 94, 97, 98, 107, 109, 110, 121, .376 INDEX. 128, 131, 136, 143, 165, 194, 205, 232, 256, 266, 277, 300, 302, 303, 304. Parma, duchess of, 139 m. Parry, Sir Thomas, one of queen Eli zabeth's privy council, 6 ra. Parry, Henry, in a commission for religion, 39 ra. Pate, Richard, (bishop of Worcester) confined in the tower, 79. PauUus, 80. Paul's cross, 4, 71 ¦ Peckham, Sir Edmund, one of queen Mary's privy council, 6 ra. Peckham, Sir Robert, one of queen Mary's privy council, Sra. PelUcan, Conrad, ( a minister at Zurich, ) 62. Pembroke, William Herbert, earl of, one of queen Elizabeth's privy coun cil, 6 ra ; in a commission for religion, 39 ra. Peneman, Robert, executed for treason, 225 ra. Percy, Sir Henry, one of the royal visitors for the north, 73 ra. Perne, Peter, 41. Petalum, description of the, 350 ra. Petre, Sir William, (secretary of state) one of queen Elizabeth's privy coun cil, Sra, 71, 80. Peucer, Caspar, head of the university of Wittenberg, 302 ra. Philip II., king of Spain, proposes marriage to queen Elizabeth, 5 m. Pickering, Sir WiUiam, one of queen Elizabeth's suitors, 24, 34. Pilkington, James, (master of St John's, Cambridge,) bishop of Dur ham, 63 ra ; his property destroyed in the rebellion, 218 ; letter to Cecil quoted, 218 re; illness of, 260; his death, 321, 325 ; letters of, 222, 286. Pius v., pope, his bull against queen Elizabeth, 221, 223, 238 ; answered by BuUinger, 244. Plague, the, at London and Newhaven, 132; at Zurich, 141. Plumtree, a priest, executed for treason, 225 ra. Pole, Reginald, cardinal, death of, 3. Pole, Arthur, condemned for treason, 129 ra. Pole, Edmund, condemned for treason, 129 ra. Pontius, the deacon, 1 HO ra, 350 ra. Port, Francis, Greek professor at tie- neva, 231. Possession, alleged demoniacal at Norwich, 303. ' Prayers, in a foreign tongue, disallowed in the church of England, 178. Preaching, prohibited by Queen Eliza beth at the beginning ofher reign, 7. Prestall, John, condemned for treason, 129 m. Privy council, names of Queen EUza. beth's first, Sra. Puteo, James, cardinal, 12m. E. Randau, count, plenipotentiary from Francis II., 89 m. Randolph, Thomas, (queen Elizabeth's agent in Scotland,) 44; employed to convey the earl of Arran into Scot land, 44 ra ; designated by the name of Pamphilus, 36, 57 ra. RebeUion in the north, 213, 217, 222. Reforraation, how tolerated in France, 250ra. Religion, commission for the establish. ment of, 24. Renner, 62. Ridley, Nicholas, bishop of London, executors of, complain against bishop Bonner, 7 «• Rizzio, David, murder of, 166 ra, 170. Rogers, Sir Edward, (an exile for re ligion,) privy councillor to queen EUzabeth, 5 ii. Rohan, M. de, queen EUzabeth's con. tract with, 115 ra. Rotaker, Christopher, 62. Rothes, Andrew Leslie, joined the as sociation on behalf of the queen of Scots, 205 n. Ruthveu, Patrick, baron, took part in the murder of Rizzio, 166 m. Russel, lord, 20, 34. Ryche, lord, one of queen Mary's privy council, 5 ra. Sackvil, Sir Richard, onc of queen Elizabeth's privy council, 5 ra. Salisbury, cathedral of, injured by lightning, 78. INDEX. 377 Sampson, Thomas, (dean of Christ church), bishoprick of Norwich of fered to, 76 ra; preached at the funeral of the duchess of Norfolk, 137 ra ; Grindal's testimony to, 176 ; refuses to join the separatists, 202; letters of, 1, 62, 75, 130, 153. Sandwich, dissensions among the Dutch there, 256. Sandys, Edwin, retums from exile, 6 ; made bishop of Worcester, 63 ; one of the royal visitors for the north, 73ra; his second marriage, 74; trans lated to London, 229, 233; embar rassed in circumstances, 265 ; signs a warrant for the apprehension of Cart wright, 313 ra; archbishop of York, 333. Letters of, 3, 72, 145, 264, 294, 311, 312, 331. Saunders, Nicholas, 281. Saxony, prince of, a suitor to queen Elizabeth, 24 ra, 34. Saxony, religious persecution in, 315. Scambler, Edmund, a preacher in queen Mary's time; bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 7ra. Schneider, John, 105. Scory, John, one of the disputants at Westminster, 11 ; some account of, lira; bishop of Hereford, 23, 40, 63 ra. Scot, Cuthbert, bishop of Chester, op poses the reformation, 10 m. Scots, queen of, see Mary. Scotland, religious disturbances in, 24, 39; reformation in, 46, 69; affairs of, 68, 193, 196, 226, 228. Scroop, Henry, lord, invades Scotland, 225 ra. Separatists, statements respecting, 202, 237, 280, 283, 284, 298. Shrewsbury, Francis Talbot, earl of, a privy councUlor, 6ra; notice of, 15re; president of the council in the north, 73 n. Shrewsbury, George Talbot, earl of, high steward at the duke of Norfolk's trial, 261 ra. Sicilian vespers, 291. SidaU, Henry, account of, 18 m, 43 ra, 81. Simler, Josiah, a minister at Zurich, 17 ; translates some of BuUinger's works, 96, UO; prepares an edition of Peter aiartyr's works, 137; illness of, 120 ; death of, 123 ra. Sisinnius, 160, 350 ra. Sluys, sea-fight near, 274. Smalcald, embassy from, 64. Smith, Richard, accountof, 12ra,45,81. Smith, Sir Thomas, 290 ra. Soto, Peter, a Spanish friar, (nominated professor of divinity at Oxford), 33. Southwell, Sir Richard, one of queen Mary's privy council, 5 ra. Spanish ships taken by the Dutch, 275. Spencer, Thomas, archdeacon of Chi chester, dealh of, 255. Springham, Richard, notice of 9, 1 12 ra. Stancarus, notice of, 127 ;i; refuted by Simler, 127. Staphilus, notice of, 339 ra. St Andrew's, archbishop of 60, 132 ; execution of, 257 ra, 262. St Antholin's, morning service at, 33. Sl Bartholomew's, massacre of, 276, 291 m. Stolberg, count, ambassador from fhe emperor, 192. Story, .Tohn, senile prison, 79; arrested, 111; escapes to Flanders, 253; re. apprehended and executed, 254. Stuart, James, see Murray. Stuart, Matthew, see Lennox. Stumphius, 62. Superstition, instances of, 44, 259 re. Sussex, Thomas Ratclift'e, earl of, sent against the rebels in the north, 214 ra ; invades Scotland, 225, 228. Sutherland, earl of, one of the associa tion in defence of the queen of Scots, 205 ra. Sweden, prince of, arrived in England, 46 ra. Sweden, Eric XIV., king of, a suitor of queen Elizabeth, 46, 83 ; expected in England, 90 ^; dismissed, 102. Sylverius, patriarch of Rome, 18 re. Tapers, use of, abolished in the church of England, 178. TertuUian, 85ra, 158, 351. Theodora, empress, 18 ra. Theophilus, administer of the strangers' church at Norwich, 256 ra. Thirlby, Thomas, bishop of Ely, one .378 INDEX. of queen Mary's council, Sra; com missioner aboul the restoration of Calais, 8 ra. Thorgau, convocation at, 315 ra. Throgmorton, sir Clement, 7 ra. Throgmorton, sir Nicholas, ambassador in France, 132 ra. Thymelthorp, George, his frauds on the bishop of Norwich, 265 ra, 301. Torquatus, an Italian astrologer, 47 ra. Tunstal, Cuthbert, bishop of Durham, dealh of, 69. TurbervUe, James, bishop of Exeter, 10 ra. Turner, Dr WilUam, notice of, 206 m. Turks, defeat of al Lepanto, 270. U. Ubiquitarian controversy, 92 ra, 98, 135, 139, 302, 307. Ulmis, John ab, 87. Ulmius, Rodolph, son of the above, 324, 326. Ulstat, Daniel, contracts for the re forming the debased currency, 93 ra, Valence, bishop of, plenipotentiary from Francis IL, 89 ra. Valenciennes, revolts from the duke of Alva, 274. Vandermarke, William, lord of Lumey, takes the BriU, 273. Venetians, war of with the Turks, 239. Venlo, revolts from the duke of Alva, 274. Vespers, Sicilian, 291. Vigilius, patriarch of Bome, 18 ra. W. Walsingham, sir Francis, ambassador to France, 230. Warwick, earl of, sent against the rebels in the north, 247 ra. Waison, Thomas, bishop of Ijincoln, 7; committed to the tower, 16, 79. Weidner, Wolfgang, pastoral Worms, 26. Wentworth, Thomas lord, one of queen Mary's privy council, Sra; lord lieu lenant of Suffolk, 99 ra. Westminster, disputation between pro testants and papists at, 11, &c. Westmoreland, Charles, earl of, heads the rebellion in the north, 213, 217, 222 ; his escape, 214 m, 223, 227. Weston, Hugh, notice of, 12 ra. WestphaUng, Herbert, bishop of Here. ford, 328 m. Wharton, sir Thomas, one of queen Mary's privy councU, 5 ra. White, John, bishop of Winchester, preaches al queen Mary's funeral, 7 ; committed lo the tower, 16; wrole against Peter Martyr, 71 ra ; death of, 69, 71. Whitehead, David, death of, 242 ; no- tice of, 255 ra. Whitgift, Dr (afterwards archbishop of Canterbury) replies to Cartwright, 291 re, 297, 306 re; masler of Trinity college, 294. Wibum, Perceval, 178 ; of St John's Cambridge, au exUe for religion in the time of queen Mary, preben dary of Winchester and Rochester, but deprived for non-conformity, let- ter of, 187. Wickius, 30, 305. Wilcox Thomas, one of the compilers of the admonition lo parliament, 284 n. Wilford, Sir Thomas, 74 re. Willoughby of Parham, Williara, lord, 214 re. Winchester, WiUiam Paulet, marquis of, lord treasurer, Sre, 7. Witchcraft, an act against, 44 n. Wolfius, John, a prinler al Zurich, 17^ 30. Women, not aUowed to baptize, 178. Wonlychius, 62, 306. Workington, queen of Scots lands at, 203 re. Worms, congress at, 344. Wotton, Nicholas, one of queen Mary's councillors, Sm; commissioner in France, Sn; plenipotentiary there, 89 ra. Wroth, Sir Thomas, 6, 53, 59. Z. Zanchius, Hieronymus, notice of, Sra. ZuingUus, Uhic, 36, 42. Zuinglius, Rodolph, grandson of the preceding, 2Un, 267 ; death of, 269, 271. EPISTOLAE TIGURINiE. " Litteras has cum autogi-aphis collatas et accurate a verbo ad verbum transcriptas esse testor. Geroldus Meyer de Knonau, Archivarius Reipublicse Turicensis. Tui'ici. XXI. Octobi'is, MDCCCXXXX." TABULA. Epist. Pao. I. Thomas Sampson ad Petrum Martyrem 1 II. Edwinus Sandus ad Henricum BulUngerum 2 111. Johannes Juellus ad Petrum Martyrem 3 IV. Idem ad eundem 5 V. Idem ad eundem 7 VI. Idem ad eundem 9 VII. Idem ad eundem 11 VIIL Johannes Foxus ad Henricum BulUngerum 12 IX. Johannes Juellus ad Petrum Martyrem 13 X. Johannes Foxus ad Henricum BulUngerum 14 XI. Ricardus Coxus ad Wolfgangum Weidnerum 15 XII. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Henricum BulUngerum 17 XIII. Idem ad Conradum Gesnerum 18 XIV. Johannes JueUus ad Henricum BulUngerum 19 XV. Johannes Foxus ad eundem 20 XVI. Johannes Juellus ad Petrum Martyrem 22 XVII. Johannes Foxus ad Henricum BulUngerum 23 XVIII. Idem ad eundem 24 XIX. Johannes Juellus ad Petrum Martyrem 25 XX. Idem ad Rodolphum Gualterum 27 XXI. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Johannem Wolphium 28 XXII. Johannes JueUus ad Josiam Simlerum 29 XXIII. Idem ad Petrum Martyrem 30 XXIV. Idem ad eundem 31 XXV. Idem ad eundera 33 XXVI. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Josiam Simlerum 34 XXVIL Thomas Sarapson ad Petrum Martyrem 35 XXVIII. Ricardus Coxus ad eundem 38 XXIX. Johannes Juellus ad eundem 39 XXX. Idem ad eundem 40 XXXI. Edwinus Sandus ad eundem 42 XXXII. Thomas Sampson ad eundem 44 XXXIII. Johannes Juellus ad eundem 45 XXXIV. Idem ad eundem 47 XXXV. Thomas Leverus ad Henricum BulUngerum 49 XXXVL Johannes Juellus ad Petrum Martyrem .12 XXXVII. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Henricum BulUngerum 53 IV TABULA. Epist. Pag, XXXVIII. Johannes Juellus ad Petrum Martyrem 54 XXXIX. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Johannem Wolfium, &c 55 XL. Johannes Juellus ad Josiam Simlerum 56 XLI. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Henricum BuUingerum 67 XLII. Idem ad eundem 68 XLlll. Johannes Juellus ad Petrum Martyrem 59 XLIV. Idem ad Henricum BulUngerum.... 61 XLV. Idem ad Josiam Simlerura 62 XLVl. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Henricum BuUingerum 63 XLVII. Idem ad Josiam Simlerum el Ludovicum Lavalerum 64 XLVIII. Idem ad Henricum BuUingerum 65 XLIX. Ricardus Coxus ad Petrum Martyrem 66 L. Johannes JueUus ad Henricum BulUngemm 67 Ll. Idem ad Petrum Martyrem 69 LII. Idem ad Josiam Simlerum 71 LIII. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Henricum BulUngerum 72 LIV. Johannes JueUus ad eundem 73 LV, Idem ad Josiam Simlerum 74 LVI. Idem ad eundem 75 LVII. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Henricum BuUingerum 76 LVIII. Thomas Sampson ad eundem 77 LIX. Johannes Parkhurstus ad eundem 78 LX. Laurentius Humfredus ad eimdem 79 LXI. Robertus Hornus ad eundem 80 LXII. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Josiam Simlerum 82 LXIII. Johannes JueUus ad Henricum BulUngerum 82 LXIV. Robertus Hornus ad Rodolphum Gualterum ,.... 84 LXV. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Henricum BuUingemm 85 LXVI. Edwinus Sandus ad eundem 86 LXVII. Johannes Juellus ad eundem el Ludovicum Lavaterum 87 LXVIII. Laurentius Humfredus ad Henricum BulUngerum 90 LXIX. Thomas Sampson ad eundem 91 LXX. Johannes Juellus ad eundem 93 LXXI. Laurentius Humfredus el Thomas Sampson ad eundem 93 LXXII. Johannes Parkhurstus ad eundem 98 LXXIII. Edmundus Grindallus ad eundem 99 LXXIV. Ricardus Hilles ad eundem 101 LXXV. Edm. Grindallus el Rob. Hornus ad Hen. BulUngerum et Rod. Gualterum 104 LXXVI. Edmundus GrindaUus ad Henricum BulUngerum 108 LXXVII. Johannes Juellus ad eundem 109 LXXVIII. Percevallus Wibumus ad eundem Ill LXXIX. Edmundus Grindallus ad eundem 114 TABULA. V Epist. Pag. LXXX. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Henricum BulUngerum 115 LXXXI. Edmundus Grindallus ad eundem 116 LXXXIL Idem ad eundem 119 LXXXIII. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Rodolphum Gualterum et Henri cum BuUingerum 121 LXXXIV. Ricardus Coxus ad Henricum BuUingerum 121 LXXXV. Edmundus GrindaUus ad eundem 122 LXXXVL Ricardus Hilles ad eundem 124 LXXXVII. Edmundus Grmdallus ad eundem 126 LXXXVIII. Ricardus Coxus ad eundem 128 LXXXIX. Jacobus Pilkingtonus ad eundem 129 XC. Edmundus Grindallus ad eundem 131 XCI. Johannes Juellus ad eundem 132 XCII. Jacobus Lelheus ad eundem 134 XCIII. Johannes Parkhurstus ad eundem 136 XCIV. Ricardus Coxus ad Rodolphum Gualterum 137 XCV. Johannes Juellus ad Henricum BuUingerum 140 XCVI. Ricardus Hilles ad eundem 141 XCVII. Ricardus Coxus ad eundem 143 XCVIII. Robertus Hornus ad eundem 144 XCIX. Johannes Parkhurstus ad eundem 150 C. Edmundus Grindallus ad eundem 151 CI. Edwinus Sandus ad eundem 153 CII. Johannes Parkhurstus ad eundem 155 cm. Ricardus Coxus ad eundem 136 CIV. Ricardus Hilles ad eundem 137 CV. Robertus Hornus ad eundem 160 CVI. Johannes Parkhurstus ad eundem 162 CVII. Ricardus Coxus ad Rodolphum Gualterum 162 CVIII. Idem ad Henricum BaUingeram 164 CIX. Idem ad Rodolphum Gualterum 166 CX. Jacobus PUkingtonus ad eundem 167 CXI. Laurentius Humfredus ad eundem „ 169 CXII. Edmundus GrindaUus ad Henricum BuUingerum 170 CXIII. Idem ad Rodolphum Gualterum 171 CXIV. Edwinus Sandus ad Henricum BulUngerum 172 CXV. Ricardus Coxus ad Rodolphum Gualterum 174 CXVI. Johannes Parkhurstus ad Henricum BuUmgerum 176 CXVII. Idem ad Josiam Simlerum 177 CXVIII. Idem ad Henricum BuUingerum 177 CXIX. Idem ad Josiam Simleram 179 CXX. Ricardus Coxus ad Rodolphum Gualterum 179 CXXI. Idem ad Henricum BulUngerum 181 VI TABULA. Epist. Pag. CXXII. Laurentius Humfredus ad Rodolphum Gualterum 182 CXXIII. Edwinus Sandus ad Henricum BulUngerum 183 CXXIV. Idem ad Rdadphum Gualterum 184 CXXV. Ricardus Coxus ad Henricum BuUingerum 184 CXXVL Idem ad Rodolphum Gualterum 185 CXXVIL Idera ad eundem 186 CXXVIIL Idem ad eundem 187 CXXIX. Robertus Hornus ad eundem 188 CXXX. Idem ad [quosdam Fratres] ™ 190 CXXXI. Laurentius Humfredus ad Rodolphum Gualteram 191 CXXXIL Idem ad eundera 192 CXXXIII. Ricardus Coxus ad eundem r.)4 CXXXIV. Edwinus Sandus ad eundem 195 CXXXV. Elizabetha Regina ad Tresdecim Cantones Helvetia 196 EPISTOLA I. THOMAS SAMPSON AD PETRUM MARTYREM. Argentin.*. Raptim, 17 Decemhris. S. D. Ego te per Christum rogo, mi pater optime, ne graveris mihi quam citissime respondere ad hsec pauca. Quomodo nobis agendum sit in titulo illo vel concedendo, vel denegando, " supremum caput post Chris tum ecclesise Anglicanae," &c. Uiiiversa scriptura videtur hoc soli Christo trlbuere, ut caput ecclesise vocetur. Secundo, si regina me ad aliquod munus ecclesiasticum, dico ad ecclesiam aliquam regendam, vocaret ; an saiva conscientia recipere possem, quum hsec mihi videantur suflScere excusationis loco, ne in id consentirem : 1 . Quod propter disciplinse eeclesiasticee defectum episcopus, vel pastor, non possit suo fungi officio. 2. Quod tot sint civilia gravamina episcopatui vel pastori imposita, ut puta primorum (ut dicimus) frugum, i. e. redituum primi anni, tum decimarum, ad hsec in episcopatibus tot et tanta insumenda sunt in equis alendis, in armis, in aulicis, quse semper prsesto debent esse, &c. ut tu ndsti, ut quam minima pars episcopatuum relinquatur ad neces saria episcopo munia obeunda, nempe ad doctos alendos, ad pauperes pascendos, aliaque facienda quae illius ministerium reddant gratum. 3. Ut hoc ad episeopos praecipue referatur, quod nunc scribo, tanta est in eorum electione degeneratio a prima institutione, (neque cleri enim, neque populi consensus habetur,) tanta superstitiosi ornatus episcopalis vanitas, lie dicam indignitas, quanta vix puto bene ferri possit, si modo omnia nobis facienda ad id quod expedit. Quod ad rae attinet, non hsec scribo quasi talia sperarem ; immo Deum precor ex animo, ne unquam talia mihi contingant onera; sed te fidissimo meo parente consilium peto, quo possim instructior esse, si talia mihi obtingant. Ego sic responderem, me quidem paratum esse in aliquo quocunque velit ilia inservire concionandi munere; cseterum ecclesiam regendam me non posse suseipere, nisi ipsa prius, justa reforma tione eccleSiasticorum munerum facta, ministris jus concedat omnia secun dum verbum Dei administrandi, et quantum ad doctrinam, et quantum ad disciplinam, et quantum ad bona ecelesiastica. Si autem quse sit ilia reformatio, quam peto, interrogetur ; ex prioribus tribus articulis poteris tu conjicere, quse ego petenda putem. Simpliciter, mi pater, apud te solum depono cordis mei secreta ; teque per Christum rogo, ut mea secreta apud te solum teneas, et mihi quam ci tissime rescribas, quid mihi hic faciendum putes : adde etiam quse addenda putas, ut urgeatur ilia reforaiatio, et aliquid de ipsa reformatione. *1 2 THOMAS SAMPSON AD PETRUM MAKTYREM. [ePIST. Literas tuas ad Hetonum mitte : ilie curabit ad me transferri. Coete- rum te per Christum rogo, ut quanta poteris festinantia scribas. Ego brevi iturus sum versus Angliam. Habemus papistas, anabaptistas, et plu- rimos evangelicos adversarios et doctrinae et piae reformationi : contra hos ut tueatur gloriam Christi, proraoveatque vexillum Christi, quis idoneus ? O mi pater, pro me roga Deum incessanter. Tuus totus, iNsoRiPTio. TH. SAMPSON. Clarissimo viro, D.D. Petro Martyri. Tiguri. EPISTOLA II. EDWINUS SANDUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERU.M. Salutem plurimam in Christo. Tardius quidem ad te scribo, vir oolendissime ; sed jam primum occurrit certi aliquid quod scribam. Supe- riori die accepimus literas ex Anglia, quibus mors Marise, inauguratio Elisabethse, et obitus cardinalis Poll confirmatur. Bonus ilie cardinalis, ne turbas excitaret, aut cursum evangelii impediret, discessit e vita postridie quam Maria sua mortua est. Tantus enim fuit inter iUos amor ac animorum consensus, ut ne ipsa quidem mors iUos disjungere potuisset. Nihil ergo metuendum nobis est a Polo ; mortui quippe non mordent. Maria paullo ante mortem misit duos ex consiliariis suis ad sororem Elisabetham, qui bus in mandatis dedit, primum ut significarent se velle dare illi coronam regiam et omnem illam dignitatem, quam jure hereditario ilia tum pos- sidebat. Et pro hoc tanto in illam coUato beneficio tria ab ilia petere : primum ut non mutaret consiliarios, secundum ut non mutaret religionem, tertium ut debita sua solveret et creditoribus satisfaceret. Respondet Elisabetha, et inquit : Vehementer quidem doleo, quod Regina vehemen- tius aegrotat. Quod autem mihi diadema regni dare velit, non est cur gratias agam ; nam neque ilia hoc mihi dare posset, neque hsec dig- nitas ullo jure a me auferri debeat, ut quae mihi propria ac hereditaria est. Quod ad consiliarios spectat, aeque liberum mihi esse puto, inquit, meos eligere, atque illi fuit eligere suos. De religione illud vero aflSrmo, me illam non mutaturam, modo ex verbo Dei, quod unicum fundamentum et regula religionis meae erit, probari possit. Quod denique debita sua persolvenda petit, sequum petere mihi videtur : ego autem ut solvantur, quantum in me est, curabo. Et cum hac responsione dimissi sunt nuntii. Regina Elisabetha proximo ab inauguratione sua Dominico fecit evau- Jl,] ED'WINUS SANDUS AD HENRICUM -BULLINGERUM. S lium praedicari ad celebrem Divi Pauli crucem ; quod quidem cum max- imo populi applausu fiebat. At Dominico sequente episcopus Cices- trensis, nomine Christophersonus, (qui olim salutavit te in aedibus tuis in transcursu suo in Italiam, est enim egregius papista,) eundem locum occupabat, et in concione sua strenue et magna cum libertate (ut satis semper audaces sunt papistae) refutabat omnia quae prius dicebantur, damans fortiter, Ne credatis huic novae doctrinae ; non est evangelium, sed novorum hominum et hereticorum novum inventum, etc. Ad istum modum bonus ilie papista sua confirmare et evangelii veritatem toUere contendebat. De qua re cum primum Regina audivisset, bonum ilium episcopum ad se accersiri curavit, et de concione examinatum in carce rem conjici jussit. Mutavit fere Regina omnes consiliarios suos, et pro papistis bonoS Christianos sibi assumpsit. Et spes quidem magna est, quod totis viri- bus evangelium promovebit, et regnum Christi amplificabit. Quod ut faciat, ab omnibus piis rogandus est Deus. PhiUppus misit ad illam cele brem et magnificam legationem ; quid autem sit, quod velit, ignoramus. At si cogitet id quod tua prudentia metuebat, operam perdet, nee hilum quidem proficiet. D. Wrottius, D. Cocus, et alii nobiles hodie primum ingressi sunt iter. Cras ego fausto Domino sequar. Cum in Angliam venero, quomodo res ibi gerantur, diligenter ad te perscribam. Interim roga tu Deum pro statu ecclesise Anglicanae, et pro nobis miseris verbi ministris, quibus grave et difficile onus incumbit. Nos vicissim pro vestra ecclesia et pro vobis Deum vehementer precabimur. Jam media nox est, et eras mane mihi discedendum est. Tu igitur bene vale, vir colendis- sime. Turbulente. Argeiitorati Decembris 20, vel si mavis 21, 1558. Tui studiosissimus, EDWINUS SANDUS, Anglus. INSCRIPTIO. Colendissimo viro Domino Bullingero, Ec- ,: clesitB TigurincB pastori vigilantixsimo,Dno suo plurimum observando. Tiguri. EPISTOLA III. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S. D. De prima ilia nostra profectione, et de novis omnibus, quae turn ferebantur Basileae, scripsi ad te per D. Simlerum nostrum. Quinto pos tridie vix pervenimus Argentinam ; tantopere miseri coacti sumus hserere in Into. Hic omnes nostros invenimus incolumes et cupidissimos tui. Quid *1— 2 4 JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. Sandus, Hornus, aliique nostri fecerint in Anglia, nihil adhuc audivimus. Neque id sane mirum. Profecti enim Argentina ad vicesimum primum Decembris, vix vicesimo post die potuerunt pervenire Antverpiam, quod Rhenus constrictus glacie illorum navigationem impediret. Hoc tantum audimus, reditum illorum reginae esse gratissimum ; idque illam non ob scure pra3 se ferre. Si episcopi pergant porro ut caeperunt, erit brevi magna vilitas episco patuum. Certum enim est, Christophersonum, rabulam ilium Cicestren- sem, esse mortuum; quod idem de Vatsono quoque Lincolniensi nunciatur: quod si ita est, vacant hoc tempore episcopatus quatuordecim. Whitus tuus in funere Mariae, quemadmodum ad te scripsi cum essera Basilese, habuit ad populum insanam et turbulentissimam concionem ; omnia potius tentanda esse, quam ut quicquam de religione immutaretur ; bonum factum, si quis exules reduces interfecerit. Accusatus est seditionis a marchione Vintoniensi thesaurario, et Hetho archiepiscopo Eboracensi. Londinensis jussus est reddere haeredibus D. Ridlaei qusecunque illis per vim et injuriam eripuerat. Vocabitur brevi ad causae dictionem ; interim jubetur se domi continere, tanquam in carcere. Regina edixit, ne quis habeat concionem ad populum, neve papista neve minister evangelii. Id alii factum putant, quod cum unus tantum esset minister verbi tum tem poris Londini, Benthamus, tantus esset numerus papistarum : alii, quod audita una tantum Benthami publica concione, populus inter se caeperit litigare de ceremoniis ; et alii Genevenses esse vellent, alii Francofordiani. Quicquid est, utinam ne nostri homines nimium prudenter et politice versari velint in causa Dei ! Multi putant D. Coquum fore magnum cancellarium ; hominem bo num quidem, et pium, uti nosti, sed illi muneri, meo judicio, non aptissimum. Eliensis hseret adhuc apud Philippum, dum aliquid de ista praeclara pace, si Deo placet, transigatur ; ' quse qualis, aut quam firma et diuturna futura sit, flemi/ ev yovvatri Kerrai. D. Isabella, spero, voca bitur in Angliam. Video enim alios quoque nostros homines de ea re serio cogitare. D. Zanchius etiam scribet ad reginam : erat scripturus ad totum parliamentum, nisi ego dissuasissem ; id enim mihi videhatur alienum. Cranmerus puer relictus est Argentinse apud Abelum, ut mea; fidei committeretur : ego ab Abelo mutuo sumpsi coronatos pueri nomine. Oro Julium, ut sarcinam et pecuniam, quam reliquimus numeratam apud te, ad ilium mittat Argentinam. Hie tibi curabit cautionem, eamque vel deponet apud D. Zanchium, vel, si mavis, ad te mittet. Bene vale, mi dulcissime pater, et plus quam animi dimidium mei. Nolo ad te omnia; oportuit enim me etiam ad D. BuUingerum aliqua scribere: cui ego viro, pro summa ejus erga me humanitate, debeo omnia. Sed ea, qusecunque sunt, non dubito tibi cum illo fore communia. ' Edit. Burn, tramflgatm. HI.] AD PETKUM MARTYREM. 5 D. Hetonus, D. Abelus, D. Springhamus, D. Parkhurstus, te plu rimum salutant, et cum- tibi cupiant omnia, nihil tamen magis cupiunt hoc terapore quam Angliam. Saluta D. Muraltum, Hermannum, Julium, Juliam, et omnes tuos meosque, meo nomine. D. Fr. Beti et D. Acontius sunt nunc Argentinse : uterque te plurimum salutant. Ego D. Beti reddidi literas D. Isabellae : id obsecro ut illi significes. Argentinse, 26. Januar. JOHANNES JUELLUS, ex animo, et semper, tuus. INSCRIPTIO. Ornutissimo viro, D. Petro Martyri, in ecclesia Tigurina professori S. Theo- logiee, domino suo colendissimo. EPISTOLA IV, JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. Tandem tamen aliquando, quinquagesimo videlicet septimo post die quam solvissemus Tiguro, pervenimus in Angliam. Quid enim necesse est multa irpooip.ux^etv, apud te prsesertim, qui rem potius ipsam quaeras, et longos istos logos non magni facias? Interea vero, Deum immortalem, quse ilia vita fuit, cum et aqua, et terra, et coelum ipsum nobis indignaretur, et omnibus modis reditum nostrum impediret? Quid quaeris? Omnia nobis toto illo tempore odiosissima et adver- sissima ceciderunt. Verum haec antea ad te et ad D. BulUngerum fusius, cum adhuc haererem Antwerpise. Nunc accipe cactera. Quan quam hic, ut vere dicam, arte opus est et myrothecio ; non tam quidem, quod mihi nunc omanda et poUenda sint nova, quse neseio an ulla sint hoc tempore, (scio tamen a te plurima exspectari,) quam quod recan- tanda sint Vetera. Ilia enim fere omnia, quse ego ad te jam antea scripsi ex itinere, multo tum erant alia, et longe auditu jucundiora, quam quse postea re ipsa inveni domi. Nondum enim ejectus erat Ro manus pontifex : nondum pars ulla religionis restituta : eadem erat ubique missarum proluvies : eadem pompa atque insolentia episcoporum. Ista tamen omnia nunc tandem nutare incipiunt, et pene mere. Magno nobis impedimento sunt episcopi: qui cum sint, ut scis, in superiori conclavi inter primores et proceres, et nerao ibi sit nostrorum nominum, qui illorum fucos et mendacia possit coram dicendo refutare, inter homines literarum et rerum imperitos soU regnant, et paterculos nostros facile vel numero vel opinione doctrinae circumscribunt. Regina 6 . JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST- interea, etsi aperte faveat nostrae causse, tamen partim a suis, quorum consiUo omnia geruntur, partira a legato Philippi comite Ferio, homine Hispano, ne quid patiatur innovari mirifice deterretur. Ilia tamen quam vis lentius aliquanto quam nos velimus, tamen et prudenter et fortiter et pie persequitur institutum. Et quamvis hactenus principia paulo visa sunt duriora, tamen spes est aUquando recte fore. Interea, ne episcopi nostri queri possint se potentia tantum et lege esse -victos, res revocata est ad disputationem, ut novem ex nostris, Scoraeus, Coxus, AVitliedus, Sandus, Grindallus, Homus, Elmems, Ghestus quidam Cantabrigiensis, et ego, cum quinque episcopis, abbate Westmonasteriensi, Colo, Cheadsaeo, Harpesfeldo, de his rebus coram senatu coUoquamur. Prima nostra assertio est, in pubUcis precibus et administratione sacramentorum aha uti Ungua, quam quae a populo intelligatur, alienum esse a verbo Dei et a consuetudine primitivae ecelesiae. Altera est, quamvis ecclesiam pro- vincialem, etiam injussu generaUs concilii, posse vel instituere, vel mutare, vel abrogare ceremonias et ritus ecclesiasticos, sicubi id videatur facere ad aedificationem. Tertia,. sacrificium illud propitiatorium, quod papistas fingunt esse in missa, non posse probari ex sacris Uteris. Pridie calen- darum ApriUs instituetur prima conflictatio. Episcopi interim, quasi parta victoria, jamdudum magnifice triumphant. Ubi Froschoverus ad nos venerit, scribam de his rebus omnia disertius. Regina te gerit in oculis. Literas tuas tanti fecit, ut eas iterum tertioque cupidissime relegerit. Librum tuum, ubi advenerit, non dubito multo fore gratiorem. Oxonii a tuo discessu duse praeclarae virtutes incredibiUter auctae sunt, inscitia et contumacia : religio et spes omnis literarum atque ingeniorum funditus periit. Brochus episcopus Glocestriensis, bestia impurissimae vitse et multo impurioris conscientiae, paulo antequam moreretur, misera- bilem in modum exclamavit, sese jam se ipso judice esse damnatum. Faber tuus, prseclarus scilicet patroiius castitatis, deprehensus est in adulterio : et ea causa, quod alioqui vix solet fieri, cum Maria adhuc viveret, novo more, nullo exemplo jussus est cedere lectione theologica. Bruernus simili, sed longe flagitiosiori de scelere coactus est reUnquere professionem linguae Hebraicae. De Martiali nihil scribo, ne chartas contaminem. De Westono audisti antea. Sed quid istos, inquies, com- memoras? Ut intelligas, quibus judicibus oportuerit D. Cramnerum, D. Ridlseum, D. Latimerum condemnari. De Scotis, de pace, de bello nihil. Teraas ad te dedi literas ex itinere ; quse utram* ad te perve- nerint, neseio. Sed quoniam longe absumus, longius, O Deum immor talem ! et diutius multo, quam veUem, literae nostrae interdum ventis et fortunae committendse sunt. Vale, mi pater, et domine in Christo colendissimo. Saluta D. Bul Ungerum, D. Gualterum, D. Simlemm, D. Gesneram, D. Lavaterum, • Edit. Burn, utnmq ; IV.] AD' PETRUM MARTYREM. 7 Julium, JuUam, Martyrillum, D. Hermannum, et convictores tuos Tre licenses. Omnes nostri te salutant. Londini 20. Martii, 1559. JO. JUELLUS, tuus. P. S. Istse sunt primae, quas ad te scribo, ex quo redu in Angliam. Ita posthac subscribam oinnes, ut scire possis, si quae forte interciderint. INSCRIPTIO, Doctissimo viro D. Petro Martyri Vermilio, professori sacrm theologia in ecclesia Ti gurina, domino suo colendissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA V. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S. p. Db iUis disputationibus inter nos et episeopos, quas proximis hteris scripsi -indictas fuisse in ante calendas AprUis, quid factum sit, paucis accipe ; sic enim visum est continuare orationem siiie prooemio. Primum ergo, ut omnis causa jurgiorum et otiosse contentionis toUeretur, senatus decrevit, ut omnia utrinque de scripto legerentur, et ita describerentur tempora, ut primo die assertiones tantum utrinque nudae proponercntur ; proximo autem conventu ut nos ilUs responderemus, et iUi vicissim nobis. Pridie ergo cal. April, cum magna exspectatione, majori credo frequentia, convenissemus Westmonasterii ; episcopi, pro sua fide, nee scripti nee picti quicquam attulerunt, quod dicerent, se non satis temporis habuisse ad res tantas cogitandas : cum' tamen habuissent plus rainus decem dies, et interea copias auxiUares Oxonio et Cantabrigia et undique ex oranibus angulis contraxissent. Tamen ne tot viri viderentto- frustra convenisse, D. Colus subomatus ab aliis venit in medium, qui de prima quaestione, hoc est, de peregrina lingua, unus omnium nomine peroraret. Hie vero, cum omnibus nos contumeliis et convitiis indignissirae excepisset, et omnium seditionum auctores et faces appellasset, et supplosione pedum, projedtione brachiornm, inflexione laterum, crepita digitorum, modo dejectione modo Sublatione sOperciUomm, (nosti enim hominis vultum et modestiam,) sese omnes in partes et formas convertisset, hue postremo evasit, ut diceret, Angliam ante mille trecentos annos recepisse evangelium. Et quibus, inquit, Uteris, quibus annalibus, quibus monumentis constare potest, preces turn publicas in Anglia habitas fuisse AngUce? Postea cum in iUo circulo sese satis jamdiu jactavisset, adjecit serio et vero vdtu, atque etiam 8 JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. admonuit, ut omnes hoc tanquam quiddam de dictis meUoribus diUgenter attenderent atque annotarent, apostolos ab initio ita inter sese distribuisse operas, ut alii orientis ecclesias instituerent, alii occidentis. Itaque Pe trum et Paulum in Roraana ecclesia, quae totara prope Europam con- tineret, orania Romano sermone, hoc est, Latine docuisse : reliquos apostolos in oriente nullo unquam alio sermone usos fuisse, nisi Graeco. Tu fortasse ista rides : atqui ego neminera audivi unquara, qui solennius et magistratius insaniret. Si adfuisset JuUus noster, centies exclamasset, Poht horson knave. Verum Uie inter alia nihil veritus est mysteria ipsa et penetralia atque adyta prodere religionis suae. Non enim dubitavit graviter et serio monere, etiamsi aUa omnia maxirae convenirent, tamen non expedire, ut populus, quid in sacris agatur, intelUgat. Ignorantia enim, inquit, mater est verse pietatis, quam ilie appeUa'vit devotionem. O mystica sacra atque opertanea bonse dese ! Quid tu me putas interim de Cotta pontifice cogitasse ? Hoc videlicet iUud est, in spiritu et veri tate adorare! Mitto alia. Cum iUe jam calumniando, convitiando, men- tiendo magnam partem iUius temporis, quod nobis ad disputandum datum erat, exemisset ; nos postremo nostra pronunciavimus de scripto ita mo- deste, ut rem tantum ipsam diceremus, nihil autem laederemus adversa- rium : postremo ita dimissa est disputatio, ut vix quisquam esset in toto illo conventu, ne comes quidem Salopiensis, quin victoriam iUius diei adjudicaret nobis. Postea inita est ratio, ut proximo die lunse de secunda qusestione eodem modo diceremus ; utque die Mercurii nos iUorum primi diei argumentis responderemus, et ilU vicissim nostris. Die lunae, cum frequens multitudo ex omni nobilitate cupidissima audiendi convenisset, episcopi, neseio pudoreve superioris diei an de- speratione victorise, primum tergiversari, habere se quod dicerent de prima qusestione, nee oportere rem sic abire. Responsum est a senatu, si quid haberent, id tertio post die, prout ab initio coiivenerat, audiri posse ; nunc hoc potius agerent, neve turbarent ordinem. Dejecti de hoc gradu tamen hue evaserunt, si dicendum omnino sit, noUe se priores dicere ; se enim in possessione constitisse; nos, si quid vellemus, priori loco experiremur: magnam enim se facturos injuriam causae suae, si paterentur nos poste- riores discedere cum applausu populi, et aculeos orationis nostrae recentes in- auditorum animis reUnquere. Senatus contra, hanc ab initio insti- tutam fuisse rationem, ut iUi, quod dignitate priores essent, priori etiam loco dicerent ; nee eam nunc mutari posse : mirari vero se, quid hoc sit mysterii, cum oranino necesse sit alterutros priores dicere ; alioqui enim nihil posse diei : et prsesertim, cum Colus in primis disputationibus etiam injussus, ultro prior ad dicendum prosiluerit. Postremo, cum alterca- tionibus magna pars temporis extracta esset, nee episcopi ullo pacto con- (jedere vellent de secundo loco, ad extremum sine disputatione discessum est. Ea vero res incredibile dictu est quantum imminuerit opinionem T,] AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 9 populi de episcopis : omnes enim cceperunt jam suspicari, quod nihil dicere voluissent, ne potuisse quidem illos quicquam dicere. Postero die Vitus Vintoniensis, amicus tuus, et Vatsonus Lincolniensis, de tam aperto con- temptu et contumacia damnati sunt ad turrim : ibi nunc castrametantur, et ex infirmis praemissis concludunt fortiter. Reliqui jubentur quotidie prsesto esse in aula, et expectare quid de illis senatus velit decernere. Habes evTsv^tv dreXij et pene dvevrevKTov •,'^ quara tamen, quo melius rem omnem inteUigeres, descripsi pluribus fortasse quam oportuit. Bene vale, mi pater, decus meum, atque etiam anirai diraidium mei. Si quid est apud vos novarum rerum hoc tempore, id malo esse proxi- marum literarum argumentum. Saluta plurimum meo noraine venerandum iUum virura, et mihi in Christo dorainum colendissimum, D. BulUngerum, D. Gualtemm, D. Simlerura, D. Lavaterura, D. Volphium, D. Gesnerum, D. Hallerum, D. Frisium, D. Herraannura, et JuUum tuum meumque. Nostri omnes te salutant, et tibi omnia cupiunt. Londini, 6. April. 1559. JO. JUELLUS, tuus. Post-script'. Istae sunt secundse, quas ad te scribo, ex quo redii in AngUam. INSCRIPTIO. D. Petro Martyri, professori sacree theolo gia in ecclesia Tigurina, viro doctissimo, et domino suo in Christo colendissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA VI. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S. P. Magnam mihi fecit injuriam Sandus noster, qui, cum ego jam ad te scripsissera, et cum magnopere, ne id faceret, oravissem, tamen literas suas sine meis Uteris ad te miserit. Quanquam, nisi quod scio officium a te jamdudum requiri meum, nihU hactenus factura- est quod te tantopere auditu juvare possit. O Maria et Mariana terapora! Quanto nunc mollius et remissius Veritas propugnatur, quam pridem defendeban- tur mendacia ! Adversarii nostri omnia prsecipites, sine exemplo, sine jure ullo, sine lege: nos nihil nisi circumspecte, prudentur, considerate, callide ; quasi sine nostris edictis et cautionibus Deus ipse vix possit auc- toritatem suara retinere: ut multi nunc otiose ac scurriliter joceutur, "ClHistum antea ejectum ab hostibus, nunc excludi ab amicis." Ista ' Edit. Burn. ivcimKrov. 10 JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. mora nonnihil nostromm hominum animos eraolUvit; adversariorum autera furores et insanias incredibiUter confirmavit. Vix enim credas, quanto illi nunc sese confidentius gerant, quam unquam antea : populus tamen ubique, et in primis omnis passim nobUitas, et illorum odit tri- umphos et insolentiam, et mirifice sitit evangelium. Itaque factum est, ut multis jam in locis Missae etiam in'vitis edictis sua sponte ceciderint. Quod si Regina ipsa eam abigeret e suo larario, res omnis facUUme posset confici. Tanti sunt apud nos exempla principum : quod enim regis exemplo fit, id vulgus, ut scis, non dubitat recte fieri. Quan quam iUa ita Missam illam suam, quam adhuc temporis tantum causa retinet, temperavit, ut, quamvis in ea multa gerantur quae ferri vix pos sint, tamen non ita magno cum periculo audiri possint. Verum optima et verse pietatis cupientissima fcemina, etsi omnia primo quoque tem pore mutata cupiat, tamen induci non potest, ut quicquam veUt immu- tare sine lege; ne res non tam sanorum hominum judicio, quam furentis impetu multitudinis adrainistrari videantur. Interim in senatu multa de religione rautata sunt, etiam invitis et reclamantibus atque orania tur- bantibus episcopis. Sed ea, quoniam adhuc in vulgus ignota sunt, et ssepe sub incudem redeunt, nolo scribere. Sandus, GrindaUus, Sampson, Scorseus (et quid istos dico?) omnes adhuc sumus Londini, integra omnes valetudine, eadem conditione, eodem loco, eadem gratia. Multi de te, ubi sis, quid vivas, quid doceas, an velis redire in AngUam, si revoceris, honorificentissime percontantur. Sidallus statim scripsit ad me, ne quid iniquis de se mmoribus veUm credere. Meraini te, cum Argentinae doceres de potestate quam habent principes in episeopos, hoc etiam addidisse, Justinianum Imperatorem movisse loco Sylverium et VigUium. Si quando hue scribes, quseso te, ut locum, ubi ilia historia scripta sit, paucis indices. De Reginse nuptiis, quas nos omnes maxime cupimus, hactenus nihU. Bene vale, mi pater, et Domine in Christo colendissirae, Londini, 14. ApriUs, 1559. JO. JUELLUS, Tuus tuus. P. S. Istse sunt tertise. Adscribo numerum ut scire possis, an ali- quas, ut fit, perierint in itinere. INSCRIPTIO. D. Petro Martyri Vermilio professori sacree theologia: in ecclesia Tigurina, viro longe doctissimo et domino suo in Christo colendissimo. Tiguri. Vn.J AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 11 EPISTOLA VII. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S. P. Accepi ternas a te literas, omnes eodera ferrae terapore : quae cum raultis de causis raihi essent, ut certe debebant, jucundissimae, vel quod essent a te, vel quod rerum tuarum statum significarent et araorem erga me tuum ; tamen nulla aUa causa mihi visae sunt jucundiores, quam quod officiura raeum requirerent, meque vel obUvionis vel tarditatis blande ac tacite accusarent; quomm alterum raagnitudo tuorura erga rae merito- rum, alterum negotia mea non sinunt. Scripsi quidem ego ad te ternas literas, ex quo redii in AngUam ; quas tamen video, cum tu illas tuas scriberes, nondum ad te pervenisse. Et fieri potest, ut saepe fit, ut aut haereant uspiam, et ignavae atque otiosae imitentur reUgionem nostram, aut etiam perierint in itinere. Sed quicquid est, nulla potest in ea re magna jactura fieri. Erant enim pene inanes, quod non multum adhuc esset, quod aut tu audire Ubenter velles, aut ego scribere. Nunc agitur causa pontificis, et agitur utrinque fortiter. Episcopi enim sudant, ne qiud errasse videantur; atque ea causa moratur et impedit religionem. Difficile est- enim cursum incitare, ut inquit ilie, ^pa^vTroheov "Tnruiv evovTmv. Fecnamus, abbas Westmonasteriensis, opinor, ut auctoritatem adderet professioni suse; cum peroraret in senatu, Nazarseos, prophetas, Christum ipsum, et apostolos conjecit in numemra raonachorura. Nemo causam nostram aerius oppugnat quam EUensis. Is et locum suum in senatu, et ingenium retinet. Episcoporum praedia redacta sunt in fiscum : illis ex permutatione dabuntur sacerdotia, quae antea erant attributa mo nasteriis. Interim de scholis, et cura literarum magnum ubique silentiura. Hoc scilicet est -Sai/iowa? i^eXameiv, aXXov dWia, to's epaari, taitiovi. Regina de te honorifice et loquitur et sentit. Dixit nuper D. Rus- seUo, se veUe te accersere in Angliam ; id enim iUe aUique urgent, quantum possunt. Sed nisi et serio, et cupide, et honorifice petaris, nunquam ero auctor ut venias. NihU equidem magis aut miserius cupio, quam te videre, et dulcissimis ilUs sermonibus tuis frui, sive (quod 0 utinam aUquando contingat!) in Anglia, sive etiam Tiguri. Veram quantum video obstabit desiderio nostro inauspicata iUa et saxis ac Saxonibus damnata ¦wapoveria. Nostra enim nunc cogitat fcedus Smal- caldicum. Scribit autem ad illam quidam e Germania, illud foedus non posse ullo pacto coire, si tu ad nos venias. Ilium autem quendam si addo aliquando fuisse episcopum, si nunc esse exulem, si hominem Italum, si veteratorem, si auUcum, si Petrum, si Paulum, magis eum fortasse noris, quam ego. Sed quicquid est, nos articulos omnes religi onis et doctrinae nostrae exhibuimus Reginae, et ne minirao quidem apice discessimus a confessione Tigurina : quanquam 'Ap-x^ifxdyeipo^ ami- 13 JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYRE.M. [ePIST^ cus tuus inventum illud, neseio quod, suum tuetur mordicus, et nobis omnibus mirifice succenset. Adhuc nemini nostrum ne de obolo qui dem prospectum est. Itaque ego nondum abjicio insignia ilia, quae mihi finxi Tiguri, librum et crucem. Goodmannum audio esse apud nos ; sed ita, ut non ausit epaivarpoenaTretv et venire in publicum. Sed quanto satius fuisset sapuisse in terapore ! Si veUt agnoscere errorem, nihil erit periculi. Verum, ut homo est satis aeer, et in eo, quod semel suscepit, nimium pertinax, non nihil vereor, ne noUt cedere. Libri tui nondum venemnt : id ego tanto magis miror, quod tot Angli jam pridem redierint Francofordia. Munus tuum ubi advenerit, non dubito Reginae fore gratissimum. Illud ego, quoniam tu ita jubes, quamvis aUoqui sit per se ornatissimum, tamen si dabitur facultas, verbis omabo meis. De illo autem libro, quem tu seorsim ad me misisti, equidem non invenio quibus verbis tibi agam gratias. Itaque malo et huic humanitati tuae, et superiorum tuomm erga me meritorum magni- tudini, ultro succumbere. Certe etsi te nunquam ex anirao eram di- missums, tamen hac comraonefactione et mnemosyno excitatus, tanto aerius et reverentius colam, quoad vixero, nomen tuum. Alii tui Ubri jampridem allati sunt a bibliopolis, et emuntur cupidissirae : omnes enim libenter videre cupiunt, quibus venabulis ilia bestia confossa sit. Bene vale, mi pater, et domine in Christo colendissime. Saluta D. BuUingerum, D. Bernardinum, D. Gualterum, D. Simlerum : dicerem et Frenchataum, nisi illura putarem jamdudum aut in bahieo esse, aut in via : hoc enim anni tempore, cum auditur cuculus, vix solet esse apud se. Londini, 28. Apr. 1 559. Tui cupidissimus, tuoque nomini deditissimus, P. S. Istffi sunt quartse. JOHANNES JUELLUS. INSCRIPTIO. Doctissimo viro, D. Petro Martyri, pro fessori S. theologieB in ecclesia Ti gurina, domino suo colendissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA VIII. JOHANNES FOXUS AD HENRICUM BULUNGERUM. Salutem in Christo. Mittimus isthuc Anglum cum birria ; venturi et ipsi sumus, si audiamus eum vivere. Itaque quo celerius sciremus, pla- cuit expeditum hunc internuncium praemittere cum equo conductitio ; nam VIII.] JOHANNES FOXUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 13 plures conducere non licuit. Quaeso ut jubeas hunc itemm ad nos, si Frenchamus vivit, maturare. Arovise birria facilius et vicinius erit vobis parabilis, si opus fuerit. D. Jesus, omnis salutis fons, nos ad gloriam ipsius custodial! Maii 6, 1559. postridie quam literse hue vestrae per- latse sunt. Basileae. Tuus in Christo, J. FOXUS. INSCRIPTIO. Doctissimo viro, D. Henrico Bullingero. Tiguri. EPISTOLA IX. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S P. Et quid tandem ego ad te scribam? nos enim adhuc omnes pere- grini sumus domi nostrae. Redi ergo, inquies, Tiguram. Utinam, utinam, mi pater, id mihi aliquando liceat! Te enim, quantum video, nulla spes est venturum unquam in Angliam. O Tigumm, Tigurum ! quanto ego nunc saepius de te cogito, quam unquam de Anglia, cum essem Tiguri ! Quam vis autem, ut dixi, in patria nostra simus hospites, excipimus tamen in terdum quaedam a(j>aTa xal dlt^ytiTa. Veruiii voWdxt to kukov koto- Keifievov evZov afieivov. De reUgione transactum est, (utinam bonis auspiciis !) ut esset eo loco, quo fuit ultimis tuis temporibus sub Edouardo. Sed, quantum qui dem ego adhuc videre possum, non est ea alacritas in nostris hominibus, quae nuper in papistis fuit. Ita misere comparatum est, ut mendacium armatura sit, Veritas autera non tantum inermis, verum etiam saepe odiosa. Agitur nunc de sacro et scenico apparatu ; quaeque ego tecum aUquando ridens, ea nunc, a neseio quibus, (nos enim .non advocamur in consiUum,) serio et graviter cogitantur, quasi reUgio Christiana constare non possit sine pannis. Nos quidem non ita otiosi sumus ab animo, ut tanti possi mus facere istas ineptias. AUi sectantur auream quandam, quae mihi plumbea potius videtur, mediocritatem ; et clamant, Dimidium plus toto. Quidam ex nostris designatL sunt episcopi, Parkems Cantuariensis, Coxus Norvicensis, Barlovus Cicestrensis, Scoraeus Herfordensis, Grin dallus Londinensis, (nam Bonems jussus est cedere :) qui quando adituri sint possessionem, neseio. Ego ex isto flore, quod tu de vino soles, facile divino quse sit futura vindemia. Adversarii interim nostri naipoepv- XaKTouffi, et polUcentur sibi ista non fore perpetua. In Scotia, neseio quid audimus tumultuatum de religione : nobiles ejectis raonachis occu- passe monasteria ; et aUquot milites praesidiarios Gallos in tumultu occi- 14 JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. [ePIST. disse; Reginam iratam edixisse, ut Knoxus concionator inflato comu, (est enim iUe in Scotia mos solennis, si quem velint extorrem facere,) ex omnibus finibus ejiceretur. Quid de iUo factum sit, neseio. Nunc instituitur legatio in totara AngUam de formanda reUgione. Sandus ibit in Lancastriam ; ego in Devoniam ; alii aUo. Regina non vult appeUari caput ecelesiae, quod mihi certe non displicet. Interim, quid il cavetso della Chiesa cogitet aut murmuret, aut quas turbas datums sit, tu quoniam propius abes, facUius audire potes. Papistae nostri odiosissime pugnant, neque alii ulli contumacius, quam qui a nobis discesserunt. Tanti est semel gustasse de missa ! Qui bibit inde, furit : procul hinc discedite, quels est Mentis cura bones : qui bibit inde, furit : vident erepto iUo palladio omnia ventura in periculum. Pax inter nos et GaUum ita con- venit, ut Caletum octo post annos redeat in potestatera Angloram. Quod ut JuUus noster credat, opus est incredibiU et robusta fide. Quicquid erit, tamen nos eo nomine exspectamus pignora e GaUia. De nuptiis Reginae adhuc nihil. Tamen ambit hoc tempore Suecus, Saxo, Carolus Ferdinandi. Mitto Pikerinum hominem Anglum. Tamen, quid malim, scio. Et ista sunt ut scis fiverTMioTepai et apud nos proverbii loco diei solet, matrimonia esse fatalia. Bene vale, mi pater, et domine in Christo colendissime. Saluta, quseso, optimum senem D. Bernardinum, D. Muraltum, D. Volphium meo nomine. Liber tuus, quem Reginae misisti dono, redditus est a D. Caecilio : ad meas manus, neseio quo casu, non pervenit. Ego tamen, quoties sum in aula, diligenter exquiro, numquid iUa veUt: et adliuc nihil audio. Sed quicquid erit, faciam ut intelligas. Londini. Istse sunt quintse, tu vide an aliquae perierint. INSCRIPTIO. Doctissimo viro D. Petro Martyri, professori sacree theologieB in ecclesia Tigurina, domino suo colendissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA X. JOHANNES FOXUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salutem multam, doctissimo simul et carissime in Christo Domino. Scripsit ad nos his diebus D. Abelus,, mercator Anglus, ex Argentina ; in quibus suis ad nos Uteris aliae continebantur ad te, ad D. Simlerum, Gualterum, et Gesnerum Uterae ex AngUa scriptae. Quae si ad vos perr venerint, cupio nostras literas in quibus illae continebantur hue ad nos X.] JOHANNES FOXUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 15 mitti. Si non pervenerint, nolebam id vos nescire tamen: id enim ex alteris jam Abeli Uteris ad nos scriptis intelleximus. Literae illae, quantum intelligo, mense Martio ad vos ex AngUa destinatae sunt, ad nos mense ApriU mittebantur; jamque mense Maio de non redditis intelUgimus. Scripseram prseterea 'D. Frenshamo istic apud vos ApriUs 23 ; nee scio an redditae sint iUi literse. Et de valetudine ejus valde scire cupio. Tua praestantia dignabitur eum hac de re admonere, simul et imbecillitatem ilUus sublevare, quoad poteris, si quid laboret. In historiis Martymm coUigendis hic tumultuor pro viribus, ac ferme supra vires. Qua in re si quid poteris, nos adjuves velim. Poteris autem, si cum D. Bernardino istic caeterisque Italis agas, ut si quid habeant rerum hujusmodi ex Italia breviter annotatum veUnt ; deinde si quid tua etiam memoria de rebus in vestro confinio gestis teneat, nomina saltem et oppida paucis consignare volueris. Nam etsi in Britannicis maxime labo- ramus, cseterarum tamen gentium sacras historias, si" contingant, non prae- teriemus. D- Jesus salutem tuam, studia et labores, dirigat ad gloriam ipsius! Basilese, pridie Pentecostes, 1559. Tuus in Christo, JOAN. FOXUS. INSCRIPTIO. Doctissimo ac integerrimo viro D. Hen rico Bullingero, apud Tigurinos Ec- clesiasteB. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XI. RICARDUS COXUS AD WOLFGANGUM WEIDNERUM. Cum Wormatia discederem, reverende senex et frater in Christo plurimum observande, semper apud me decrevi ad te scribere, certioremque facere tandem aUquando de remm nostrarum statu et conditione, quod te audire non ingratum esse existimavi propter ardentem sincemmque zelum, quo indies afficeris erga Christi Jesu evangeUum. Coactus sum hactenus, fateor, invitus sUere, ne param tibi grata referrem. Sub saevo Marise imperio ita crevit invaluitque papismus ad quinquennium tantum,' ut incredibUe fuerit, quantopere pectora papistaram obduruerint ; adeo ut non sine magna dificultate pientissima nostra Regina una cum suis, qui a veritate strenue steterant, sincerae Christi reUgioni locum obtinere potuerit. Restitemnt in summo nostro concilio (quod Parlamentum Gallico vocabulo appellamus) Pontifices, Scribse et Pharissei. Et quia eo loci paucos habebant, qui contra vel hiscere possent, vincere perpetuo 16 RICARDUS COXUS [ePIST. videbantur. Interim nos, pusillus grex, qui apud vos in Germania hoc quinquennio Dei beneficio latuimus, in suggestis, maxime coram Regina" nostra Elisabetha, contra intonamus, Pontificera Romanum vere Anti- christum, et traditiones pro maxima sui parte moras esse blaspheraias. Tandem pauUatim resipiscere coeperant ex nobilibus multi, ex plebe innu- meri, ex clero prorsus nulli. Immotus enim stat clerus totus, tanquam dura silex, aut stet Marpesia cautes, ut poeta canit. Denique hue res est perducta, ut octo ex ipsorum antesignanis, seu episcopi, seu ex doctis selectissirai, cum octo nostrnm, abjectorum scilicet atque profiigorum, de quibusdam religionis capitibus dissererent. Et ut vitaretur verborum pugna, scriptis agi constitutum est. Statuta est dies. Adsumus omnes. Adsunt Reginae consiUarii. Adest tota fere nobUitas. Decretum est ut ipsi primum de controversiis sententiam suam proponant. Unus quispiam, iUorum nomine, tanquam GoUath contra Davidem, sua venditat, pro- pugnat, et argumentis irrefragabilibus (ut videbatur) confirmat, sibique plaudit, tanquara jam victor evadens. Respondit nostrum unus veritate fretus, non ampulUs verborara, in tiraore Domini, non in doctrinae ven- ditatione. Finita responsione incredibiUs mox audientium applausus ex citatus est, non sine magna adversariorum perturbatione atque eonfusione. Venit alter dies simili tractationi destinatus. Rogantur adversarii nostri a consultationis praeside, ut eo ordine progrederentur, quo decretum antea fuerat ; nimirum ut ipsi primum inciperent in altera controversia suam sententiam dicere, nosque sequeremur. Illi vero contra contendunt, territi scilicet primi diei successu pamm prospero, clamitantque iniquura esse, ut ipsi primura dicere incipiant, cura ipsi jara tot annis perstiterint in posses sione catholicse ecelesiae: si quid habearaus contra ipsos, proferamus' nos, ut ipsi pro sua auctoritate nos refutent, atque corapescant tanquam fiUos degeneres, ut qui ab ecclesise unitate jamdiu exciderimus. Gratia Christo Domino nostro ! Dum illi mandate obsistunt, merito coercentur, et sua causa cadunt. Itaque stabilitur apud nos per omnia regni loca sincera Christi religio, eadem prorsus ratione, qua sub Edvardo oUm nostro beatissirase memoriae promulgata erat. Hsec pauca, sed certa, visum est ad te scribere, quem scio nostra solide gaudere gaudia, ut nobiscum gratias Domino Deo nostro agas, qui nos in ista humiliatione et cruce vere paterna sua coramiseratione respexit atque consolatus est. Det ipse ut tanta et incredibilia ejus beneficia e mentibus nostris nunquam elabantur ! Gratam rem fecerit tua humanitas, si ista D. Jacobo Comicio medico et Vespasiano Fittich, amicis meis summis, coramunicare dignetur. Jam jam aggredimur septa papistica disrumpere atque dissipare, et vineam Domini felicibus auspiciis restaurare. Jam sumus in opere. At messis multa, operarii pauci. Rogemus Domi num ut mittat operarios in messem. Haec paucula habui tibi pro officio ' MS. perferamus. ^l»] AD 'WOLFGANGUM WEIDNERUM, 1^ in te meo impertiri. D. Jesus te servet, pietatemque tuam servet auge- atque ad ultimum usque spiritus halitum. Londini in Anglia, 20 Maii, 1559. Tui studiosiss. INSCRIPTIO. RIC. COXUS. Viro eximio, eruditione et pietate insignito, D. D. Wolfgango Weidnero Wormati- ensi, amico meo observandiss. Wormatiee. EPISTOLA XII. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. HuMANissiMAs tuas Uteras Juellus et ego initio AprUis accepimus ; ex quibus perspexi, te ad tempus constitutum filium tuum Rodolphum, ob ingenii cultum capessendum, ad Academiam Oxoniensem missurum. Cujus, ut nunc sunt res, ego auctor tibi esse nolim. Nam adhuc spelunca est tenebrarum, tenebrionum, latronum. Pauci illic sunt evangelici, plurimi papistae. Sed cum reformata fuerit, quod brevi futurum et spe ramus et optaraus, tum demum veniat tuus Rodolphus. Quam gratus futurus sit mihi illius in AngUam adventus, jam nihil dicam. MaUm animi mei in ilium gratitudinem re quam verbis exprimere. Liber communium precum, temporibus Edvardi regis usitatus, nunc iterum per totam Angliam in usu passim est, [et] ubique erit, renitentibus atque reclamantibus pseudoepiscopis. Regina caput ecclesite Anglicanae diei non vult, tametsi hic titulus ilU oblatus sit, sed gubernatricis titulum libenter recipit ; qui in idem recidunt. Papa ex AngUa denuo est profli- gatus, mcerentibus episcopis et universa rasorum coUuvie. Missae sunt abrogatae. Octavo Maii parliamentum est finitum. Comes Bedfordiensis tres coronatos nostro Wolphgango donavit. In hoc ilie felicior multis aliis. Qui posthac fient episcopi, nullas habebunt arces, praedia, viUas. Qui nunc sunt, us quae habent, donee vixerint, fruentur : digni, qui non solum ab officio, sed et capistro suspendantur. Sunt enim Davi, inter- turbantes omnia. Monasteria brevi dissolventur. Plura jam scribere non possum. Nam intra quatriduum in solo natali cum pessirais bestUs Arianis et e pulpito et mutuis coUoquiis est mihi conflictandum : in quem finem eruditissimum tuum librum de utraque in Christo natura diUgenter evolvi. Spero me satis instructum in aoiem I venturum, atque adeo hostes Christi debellaturum. Vivit Christus, reg- nat et regnabit, invitis Arianis, Anabaptistis et papistis. Vale, vir praestantissime atque animo meo carissime ! Optimam tuam ' conjugem, fiUos, filias, et generosissimos tuos generos meo nomine salu- |tationil)us^ (ut sic dixerim) adobruito. Gratissimam rem mihi fecit bonus [- MS. salutabis.'] [zURICH LETTERS.] 18 JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. Lavaterus, qui tam bonum libellum, eumque totum Tigurinum, ad me miserit. ^alutabis mihi D. Bibliandrum, CoUinura, Hallerum, Wolphium, Wickium, Frisium, Bernardinum, Ammianum, Meijerum, Sebastianmn Colerum, Funckiuin, PelUcanum, Froschoveram et omnea. Uxor mea te, tuam, tuos, tuas, et omnes salutat. Ssepe erumpunt ilU lacrymae, cum de feminis Tigurinis fit mcntio. Vestris magnificis magistratibus, urbi, atque adeo toti Tigurinae ditioni omnia feUcissima precor. Urbs Tigurina, vale: valeant male, prospera cuncta Qui tibi non optent. Urbs Tigurina, vale. Raptim. Londini, 21 Maii, 1559. Tuissimus, INSCRIPTIO. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS. Presclarissimo Viro D. Henrico Bullingero. Tisuri. EPISTOLA XIII. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD CONRADUM GESNERUM. Salve iteram atque iteram, darissime atque animo meo carissime Gesnere. Cum primum venissem Londinum, Caium tuimi qusesivi, ut illi tuas Uteras traderem ; et cum non esset domi, anciUse ilUus dedi : nam uxorem non habet, nee unquam habuit. Nulla prseterit hebdomada, in qua bis terve illius aedes non adeam. Pulso fores : accedit puella, non patet ta men introitus; per rimam spectans rogat quid velim. Ego rursum rogo, ubi sit herus, an sit domi aliquando, an velit esse domi. IUa semper domi esse negat. Is nunquam et nusquam comparet. Et jam peregre agit. Quid igitur de illo scribam, neseio. Certe aUquid UU in faciem dicam, si quando forte fortuna obvium liabuero. Sentiet, qui vir siem. Papa ex Anglia denuo est ejectus. Sacrifices hoc male habet. Pseudo- episcopi piis Reginae conatibus totis conatibus restitere, et ne multa finem a bonis optatum sortirentur effecere. At jam et Deo et hominibus sunt exosi, nee usquam nisi inviti prorepunt, ne forte fiat tumultus in populo. Multi coram eos vocant carnifices. Si qua alia sunt nova, in aliorum Uteris scripsi. Quando unum orhem tibi non satis esse credo, mittam plures, sed cum factus fiiero pecuniosior : nunc enim sumus oinnes vel ipso Iro pauperiores. Seniles me non inimemorem tui. Vale. Uxorem tuam, Frisium, Simlerum, et alios amicos omnes in meo nomine salutabis. Uxor mea vos omnes salutat. Raptim. Londini, 21 MaU, 1559. Tuus, INSCRIPTIO. JOANNES PARKHURSTUS. Clarissimo viro D. Conrado Gesnero. Tiguri. XIV.] JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 19 EPISTOLA XIV. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. S. p. GRATissiM.iB erant mihi Parkhurstoque meo literae tuae, orna- tissime vir, vel quod essent a te, cui quantum debeamus nunquam pos sumus obUvisci, vel quod suavitatis et humanitatis erga nos tuae, quam toto nos tempore exilii nostri experti sumus maximam, altissima vestigia retinerent. Atque utinam possimus aliquando pietatis tuae partem aliquam compensare ! Quicquid erit, animus certe nobis nunquam deerit. Quod nos hortaris, ut strenue ac fortiter nos geramus, erat ilie aculeus non tantum non iugratus nobis, sed etiam pene necessarius. Nobis enim in hoc tempore non tantum cum adversariis, sed etiam cum amicis nostris, (qui proximis istis annis a nobis defecerunt et eum hostibus conjurarunt, jamque aerius multo et contumacius resistunt quam uUi liostes,) quodque molestissimum est, cum reliquiis Hispanorum, hoc est, cum teterrimis vitiis, superbia, luxu, libidine, luctandum est. Facimus quidem nos, feci- musque, quod potuimus. Deus bene fortunet, et det incrementum ! Sed ita hactenus viviraus, ut vix videamur restituti ab exilio. Ne dicam aliud,, ne suum quidem adhuc restitutum est cuiquam nostrum : quanquam, etsi molesta nobis est ista tam diuturna expectatio, tamen non dubitamus brevi recte fore. Habemus enim reginam et prudentem et piam, et nobis faventem et propitiam. Religio restituta est in eum locum, quo sub Edvardo rege fuerat: ad eam rem non dubito tuas reipublicseque vestrse literas et exhortationes multum ponderis attuUsse. Regina non vult ap peUari aut scribi caput ecelesiae Anglicanse : graviter enim respondit, illam dignitatem soli attributam esse Christo, nemini autem mortalium convenire ; deinde iUos titulos ita foede contaminates esse ab antichristo, ut jam non possint ampUus satis pie a quoquam usurpari. Academias nostrse ita afflictse sunt et perditse, ut Oxonii vix duo sint, qui nobiscum sentiant, et iUi ipsi ita abjecti et fracti, ut nihil possint. Ita Soto fraterculus, et alius, neseio quis, Hispanus monachus, omnia ea, qu!e D. Petras Martyr pulcherrime plantaverat, everterunt a radicibus, et vineam Domini redegerant in solitudinem. Vix credas tantam vastita^ tem afFe>ri potuisse tam parvo tempore. Quare etsi magnam aUoqui voluptatem capturus sim, si vel canem Tigurinum videre possem in AngUa, tamen non possum esse auctor hoc tempore, ut juvenes vestros aut lite rarum aut reUgionis causa ad nos mittatis, nisi eosdem remitti velitis ad vos impios et barbaros. Rogavit me nuper D: Russelius, qua maxime te posset tibi aliisque tuis fratribus et symmistis gratum facere. Hoc videlicet sehsit, velle se humanitatis vestrae, quam semper praedicat, et hospitii causa aUquid ad vos dono mittere. Ego vero nihil tibi tuisque -»9 9. 20 JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. fore gratius, quam si reUgionem Christi studiose ac fortiter propagaret, et papistarum insolentiam imrainueret. Quod ilie et recepit se facturum, et certe facit, quantum potest. Venerunt hodie Londinum legati regis GalUse, qui gratulentur de pace : princeps legationis est juvenis Momorancius. De nuptiis Reginse adhuc nihil. Ambit quidem fiUus Johannis Frederici, et frater secundus natu MaximiUani. Vulgi taraen suspicio inclinat in Pikerinum, homi nem Anglum, viram et pradentem et pium, et regia corporis dignitate prseditum. Deus bene vertat, quicquid erit ! Istae primse sunt, quas ad te seorsim scripsi, ex quo redii in Angliam : sed quoniam, quse scripsi ad D. Martyrem, scio ilium propter summam inter vos eonjunctionera tecum habuisse communia, non dubito, quae- cumque ad iUum scripsi, eadem ad te quoque scripta dicere. Bene vale, mi pater, et domine in Christo colendissime. Saluta optimam illam mulierem, uxorem tuam ; D. Gualteram, D. Simlerum, D. ZuingUum, D. Lavaterum. Si quid unquam erit, in quo possim aut tibi aut tuis esse voluptati aut usui, poUiceor tibi non tantum operam, studium, diligen tiam, sed etiam animum et corpus meum. Maii 22, Londini, 1559. Tui studiosissimus, INSCRIPTIO. JO- JUELLLS. I'iro longe doctissimo D. Henrico Bullingero, pastori ecclesice Tigurinee dignissimo, et domino suo colendissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XV. JOHANNES FOXUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salutem in Domino. Nihil erat quod precibus mecum ageres, ca rissime BuUingere, si quid videres in quo opus esset officii mei ministe rio. De Uteris illis, quarum facis mentionem, iterum adivi Petrum Mac- Jinseum hic bibliopolam, ciu tum literte illae ab Abelo, ut ad me scribit, destinabantur. Fuit pariter mecum et Laurentius noster, cui totum ilium ifasciculum literarurii nostrarum inscripsit (ut scripsit ad me) Abelus. Pe trus in hunc modum nobis respondit : Venisse ad se quemdam cum diteris, qui auriga non esset, sed ab auriga conductus, vel qui ab auriga emisset literas illas, ut ipse postea majori qusestu revenderet. Unde Petrus iste, pretii importuuitate offensus, et quia rem ad se nihil pertinere videt, sed ad Anglos, ut pecunisc suse consuleret, hominem misit ad diversorium abi proximum hominis sylvestris, affirmans illic reperturum esse eum Anglos, qui Uteras ab eo acciperent : cum tamen nullos sciam Anglos qui XV.] JOHANNES FOXUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM- 21 id temporis in urbe essent prseter nos ; nee satis mirari possum, quid Petro in mentem veniret, ut hominem ad sylvestrem mitteret, quum satis sciret nos ubi in urbe essemus, ad quos hominem multo melius mittere potuisset. Itaque expostulanti mihi hoc nomine cum Petro, is ita respon det, putasse se atque audivisse Anglos apud sylvestrem tum fuisse, &c. Verum ita res habet : Petrus iUe quia pecunias nolebat in avarum homi nem exponere, nos literas perdidimus. Quod tamen non tam mihi dolet causa mea ac mearum literarum, quas in eodem fascicule inclusas perdidi, quam tuarum potius, optime ac carissime D. BuUingere, quas tibi a veteri amico scriptas ex te intelUgo. Atque utinam, ut Petro tum dixi, triplum illi dedissem, dummodo grammatophoro, vel potius grammato- clepto illi, quisquis is fuit, satisfecisset ! Quo magis te solUcitum hac de re video in Uteris, hoc magis me quoque eadem res soUicitum habet, ut ingenue et simpUciter tibi fatear. Nee scio quid in hac re agam, aut unde quaeram amplius. Etsi literae tuae parum mihi bonam spem de Frenshamo polUcentur, tamen quia adhuc spirat, dumque spirat, non desinemus de illo sperare bene. Erat hic Anglus annorum 16 adolescentulus, qui hoc anno consi- mili ex tussi et phthisi non modo vicinus morti, sed mors ipsa videri poterat ; et tamen stupentibus liic medicis revaluit, atque in Angliam cum parentibus profectus est. Sit Christo Domino laus ! Utinam et Frensliamus noster simile aliquod in vestris quoque medicis ludat lu- (librium aUquando, si ita Domino Christo 'Ap-y^iaTpw videatur ! Sed fiat saneta ejus voluntas. Si quid habes de D. Grinaeo, cujus facis in Uteris mentionem, rogo quamprimum hue transmittas, iiobisque conimunices. Hoperus an istic apud vos an hic Basileae uxorem duxerit, cupiam ccrtior fieri. Dum ceteros colligimus Germanos martyres, noUm ZuingUum unum priBtcriri : de quo si quid habetis, aut si quid velitis nobis communica- tum, si minus id commode per Germanos typographos fieri poterit, cura- bimus in AngUa illud, volente Domino, imprimendum. r Cupiam, si vitam dederit' Dominus, te istic invisere et salutare ante meam in patriam profectionem, liumanissime simul et doctissime BuUin gere. Mone, precor, Frenshamum, si adhuc spirat, ne sic animo de- spondeat, bonasque omnes spes abjiciat, neve corporis morbo animi major videatur desperatio. Saluta, quaeso, D. Petrum Martyrem meis verbis plurimum. D. Jesus labores tuos pariter cum incolumitate indies provehat ad ecelesiae suae emolumentum ! Amen. Basilese, Jun. 17, 1559. Tuus in Christo, INSCRIPTIO. ¦'^0. FOXUS. Doctissimo viro D. Henrico Bullingero. Tiguri. P.S. Quasso has alteras literas D. Frenshamo, si vivit, impartias. 22 JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. EPISTOLA XVL JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. Hactenus minus frequenter ad te scripsi, mi pater, quod multa me negotia publica privataque impedirent. Nunc scribo, non quod plus nunc otii sit quam antea, sed quod minus posthac futurum sit multo quam nunc est. Alterum enim jam pedem in terra habeo, alterum pene sub- latum in equum. Mox enim ingredior longinquamet difficilem legationem constituendae religionis ergo per Redingum, Abindonam, Glocestriam, BristoUura, Therraas, Welliam, Exonium, Comubiam, Dorcestriam, Sa- risburiam. Ambitus itineris nostri erit plus minus septingentorum miUia- rium ; vix ut quarto demum mense putem nos esse redituros. Quare ne me interea putares esse mortuum, etsi ante duodecira dies neseio quid ad te scripserira de rebus communibus, tamen non alienum fore duxi, si nunc quoque paucis te quasi in digressu salutarem. Res nostrse satis nunc sunt in proclivi : Regina optime animata : populus ubique sitiens reUgionis. Episcopi, potius quam ut relinquant papam, quem toties jam antea abjurarunt, malunt cedere rebus omnibus. Nee tamen id religionis causa faciunt, quam nullam habent, sed constantise, quam miseri nebulones vocari jam volunt conscientiam. Sacrifici jam tandem mutata reUgione passira abstinent a coetu sacro, quasi piaculum summum sit cum populo Dei quicquam habere commune. Est autem tanta illoram nebuloniun rabies, ut nihil supra. Omnino sperant, et prsedicant, (est enim, ut scis, genus hominum praedictiosissimum, et valde deditum futiu-itionibus,) ista non fore diuturna. Sed quicquid futurum est, nos agimus Deo Optimo Maximo gratias, quod res nostrae eo jam tandem loco sint, quo sunt. In Scotia fervent omnia. Knoxus, cinctus miUe satelUtibus, agit conventus per totum regnum. Regina vetula coaeta est sese includere in praesidium. NobUitas conjmictis animis et viribus restituit ubique re ligionem invitis omnibus. Monasteria passim omnia aequantur solo; vestes scenicae, caUces sacrilegi, idola, altaria comburantiu-: ne vestigia quidem priscse superstitionis et idololatrise relinquuntur. Quid quaeris? audisti ssepe, o-kuOio-tI wieTv : hoc vero est es-Kvdia-Ti iKK\ti'en- tius has quoque literas ad te nunc scripserim. Opto te fauste valere, vir doctissime. Basileae, 26 Septemb. 1559. Tuus in Christo, INSCRIPTIO. J. FOXUS. Ornatiss. et doctissimo viro D. Henrico Bullingero, Tiguri. EPISTOLA XIX. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. Tandem tamen aliquando Londinum redii, confecto molestissimo itinere, confecto corpore. Tu fortasse me, quod nihil scriberem, putabas esse mortuum. Ego vero interea tres totos menses longinqua et perdifficili legatione distinebar. Cum essem BristoUi, redditae mihi sunt literas tuae, quas secum Randolphus noster adduxerat, ita amice scriptae itaque suaves, ut mihi omnem illam molestiam itinerum atque occupationum prorsus eriperent ex animo : tanquam enim si praesens adfuisses, ita tum mihi videbar tecum coUoqui. Randolphus, antequam ego redirem, abierat in GaUias : itaque ego miser privatus sum bona parte suavitatis tuae, quam tu illi praesens prsesenti verbis commendaveras. Literas meas in itinere intercidisse video : quas enim ego octavas dederam, eas video ad te vix quin tas pervenisse. Sed de legatione, inquies, ilia vestra quid tandem factum est ? Accipe ergo uno verbo, quod mihi exploratu perlongum fuit. Invenimus ubique animos multitudinis satis prepenses ad religionem ; ibi etiam, ubi omnia putabantur fore difficillima. Incredibile tamen dictu est, in illis tenebris Mariani teraporis quanta ubique proruperit seges et sylva superstitionum. Invenimus passim votivas reliquias divorum, clavos, quibus fatui Christum confixura fuisse somniabant, et neseio quas portiunculas sacrse crucis. Ma- garum et veneficarum numerus ubique in imraensum excreverat. Ecclesise cathedrales nihil aliud erant quam speluncae latronum, aut si quid nequius aut foedius diei potest. Si quid erat obstinatse malitise, id totum erat in presbyteris, ilUs prsesertim, qui aliquando stetissent a nostra sententia. IUi nunc, credo, ne parum considerate videantur mutasse voluntatem, 26 JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. turbant omnia. Sed turbent, quantum veUnt : nos tamen interim iUos de gradu et de sacerdotiis exturbavimus. Hardingus, homo constans, locum mutare maluit quam sententiam. Sidallus subscripsit quidem, sed constanter ; hoc est, perinvitus. Smithaeus autem tuus — quid ilie ? inquies. An potest a Nazareth quicquam proficisci boni? Mihi crede, ut veterem illam suam constantiam retineret, nunc tandem etiam quinto recantavit. Fatuus, cum videret religionem esse immutatam, mutata veste, statim fugam omaverat in Scetiam: sed cum haereret in finibus, captus est et retractus ex itinere. Ibi statim homo gravis, et columen atque antistes religionis, accessit ad nos, reUquit omnes suos, et repente factus est adversarius infestissimus papistaram. I nunc, et nega transubstantiationem I Papistarum acies pene sua sponte cecide runt. 0, nisi nobis deessent operae, non male de reUgione sperari posset. DifficUe enim est currum agere sine jumento, praesertim adverso monte. Heri, ubi primum Londinum redii, audivi ex episcopo Cantuariensi te invitari ad nos, et tibi lectionem illam tuam veterera asservari. Quid sit, neseio : hoc tantura possum affirmare, neminem adhuc delectum esse, qui Oxonii doceat sacras literas. Equidem te, mi pater, videre percupio, et prsesertim in Anglia. Quid enim ni cupiam, quem toties cupio etiam nunc 'videre Tiguri ? Sed novi tuam prudentiam : nosti genium et ingeni um insularum. Ea, quae nunc videmus esse inchoata, utinam sint bene fiovipa ! Nihil est hodie iUa schola desperatius. Putabis te, cum ibi esses, pene lusisse operam : ita in Isetissima aliquando segete nunc infelic lolium et steriles dominantur avtnce. Liber tuus de Votis, ut alia tua omnia, avidissime distrahitur. Omnes nunc exspectamus, quam mox edituras sis alias commentationes in Ubrum Judicum et in duos Ubros Samuelis : omnes enim nunc nostri sciunt, te iUos libros habere prac manibus, et veUe edere. Suecus et Carolus Ferdinandi filius mirificissime ambiuht : sed Suecus impense ; iUe enim, modo impe- tret, montes argenteos poUicetur. Sed ilia fortasse thalamos propiores co gitat. Alanus noster obut diem suum, postquam desig-natus esset episcopus Roffensis. Ex Scotia hoc tempore iiihU audimus, quod tibi possit videri novum. Docetur evangelium, ecclesise assidue colUguntur, et omnia priscse superstitionis monumenta conveUuntur. GalU tamen sperant se posse et regnum et religionem retinere. Quicquid futurum est, scribam ad te aUas pluribus. Instat nunc annus sexagesimus, de quo raihi tu solebas aliquando ex Torquato quodam Italo neseio qu£E mirifica praedi- care. ' Faxit Deus, ut verum et solidimi gaudium gaudeamus, ut aUquando orbi terrarum patefiat d duBpus-jrcs t^c diraXe'iat, et in omnium oculos incurrat Veritas evangelii Jesu Christi. Vale, mi pater, ct iixerem tuam meis verbis resaluta, muUerem mihi quidem ignotam, sed nunc ex tuis Uteris et AbeU nostri praedicatione notissimam. Gratulor et te ilU, et iUam tibi. XIX.] AD PETRUM MABTYREM. 27 Saluta D. BulUngeram, D. Gualteram, D. Bernardinum, D. Herman num, JuUum, Juliam, Martyrillum. Frenshamum meum longum valere jubeo; puto enim iUum jam solvisse a vobis, et esse cum Christo. Omnes nostri te salutant, tibique omnia precantur. Londini, 2 Novembr. 1559. Tuus ex animo, JO. JUELLUS. D. Etonus instantissime rogavit, ut te suo nomine salutarem. Si, posset ipse Latine scribere, non uteretur manu mea. Crede mihi, nemo de te aut ssepius aut honorificentius loquitur. Uxor etiam ejus salutem et tibi dicit et uxori tuae. INSCRIPTIO. Doctissimo atque ornatissimo viro, D. Petro Martyri, projitenti sa cras scripturas in ecclesia Tigu rina. EPISTOLA XX. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. S. p. Quod novas istas curas et molestias non tam mihi, quam ecclesise nostrse, de qua jam tandem te non pessime sperare scribis, tam amice gratularis, omatissime vir, ego tibi non mea sane causa, cui tam grave onus imponi video, sed ecclesise nostne nomine, de qua video te tam soUicite cogitare, ago gratias. Nam quod ad me quidem attinet, tu optime nosti, quanti laboris sit, homini praesertim imperito rerum, et semper in otio atque in umbra educate, repente admoveri ad gubema-! culum ecelesiae ; cumque res suas tueri vix possit, suseipere curam alioram omnium. Tamen, quoniam Dei causa est, quanto minus possumus, tanto diUgentius dabiraus operam. Etsi enim desint aha, voluntas tamen, spero, non deerit. Vos interea, quoniam naves subduxistis in tutum, et consistitis in Uttore, orate Deum, ut navim nostram adhuc jactatam in fluctibus, et undique a piratis et prsedonibus obsessam, educat aliquando in portum., IncredibiUs enim est hoc tempore rabies nostrorum papistaram, qui potius quam ut errasse aliqua in re videantur, impotentissime ruunt et turbant omnia. Deus, cujus nos unius nomen et gloriam spectamus, juvet conatus nostros, et hostium suorum cenjuratienes et nefaria consilia dissipet ! Parkhurstus abiit Clevam ad suos : ibi nunc regnat, et omnes episeopos ex alto despicit. Si quid erat apud nos novarum reram, quod certe nee valde certum nee ita multum erat, Ulud omne scripsi jlenius ad D. 28 JOHANNES JUELLUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. [ePIST. BulUngerum, et ad D. Martyrem. Si quid est, in quo ego tibi aut usui aut voluptati esse possim, memineris me, quocunque loco futurus sum, et esse et semper fore tuum. Bene vale, omatissime vir atque optime. Sa luta uxorem tuam, mulierem lectissimam, D. BuUingerum, D. Simlerum, D. Lavaterum, D. ZuingUum, D. Frisium, D. Gesnerum, D. Wolphium, aUosque vestros quos ego merito habeo carissimos, meo nomine. Etsi Parkhurstus abest hinc longe gentium, tamen ego tibi ejus nomine, uxori- que tuae, totique famUias salutem dice. Nostri omnes te salutant, tuosque omnes. Iteram vale. Londini, secunda Novembr. 1559. Tuus ex animo, JOHANNES JUELLUS. INSCRIPTIO. Doctissimo viro D. Gualtero, fideli ministro Evangelii in Ecclesia Tigurina, ami co etfratri carissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XXI. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD JOHANNEM WOLPHIUM. Literas, quas nostro Burchero ad me dedisti, ix. Februaru accepi, humanissime Wolphi. Priores, quas ais te misisse, ad meas manus non per- veiiere. Hortaris ut edam epigrammata mea. Quid hujusmodi frivolas nun'as edei-em ? Certe jam in aUque neseio quo mussel angido cum blattis et tineis rixantur. In fme tui episteUi rogas ut te amem. Mi Wolphi, non opus est ut hoc reges : non possum enim te non amare, tum propter tua in me beneficia, quae nunquam dabo oblivioni, tum etiam propter rarani eruditionem et varias animi dotes, quas in te ut summa Dei dona exosculor et veneror. Libri, quibus me donaras in discessu, in itinere periere. Male sit ilUs magnis furibus, qui me tanto thesauro spoUarunt! Cum tu sis magnus dominus magni hjrpocausti, magnas mihi dabis poenas, si nomen meum e vestra tabula fuerit expunctum. Breve habes responsran ad breve epistoUum. Cetera cognosces a nostro Gualtero. Saluta meo nomine tuam uxorem et amices omnes. Mea vos salutat. Vale. Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, INSCRIPTIO. Humanissimo Viro, D. Joan. Wolphio. Tiguri. XXII.] JOHANNES JUELLUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. 29 EPISTOLA XXII. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. Gratularis tu quidem mihi pro tua humanitate, mi Josia; at ego- met mihi' ipsi non gTatulor. Etsi enim nihil mihi adhuc aUud impo- situm sit quara neraen episcopi, rem autem ipsam et funetionem nondum attigerim ; tamen illud ipsum onus longe impar sentio esse meis viribus, et jam nunc tantum sub inani titulo incipio succumbere. Quid tu futurum censes, ubi ad rem ipsam ventum erit? Literse tamen tuse mihi multo jucundissime acciderunt. Vidi enim in iUis et animum et amorem erga me tuum. Et certe quid potest a Josia, homine jucundis sime, proficisci non jucundum ? Quare tibi et de Uteris tuis, et de ilia gratulatione, etsi mihi res ipsa permolesta et ingrata videatur, quam possum gratissimas ago gratias. Quod scribis, sperare te episeopos apud nos sine ullis superstitiosis et putidis ceremoniis inaugurari, hoc est, opinor, sine oleo, sine chrisraate, sine novacula ; nihil falleris. Frustra enim exhausta esset sentina, si istas reliquias pateremur in fundo residere. Unctes istos, et rases, et personates ventres Roraara remisimus, unde illos primum accepimus. Nostros enim esse volumus pastores operosos', vigiles, episeopos. Quoque id commodius possit fieri, opes episcoporum imminuuntur, et ad mediocritatem quandam rediguntur ; ut seraoti ab ilia regia pompa et strepitu aulico, possint tranquiUius et attentius vacare gregi Christi. Quod autem Julium tuum meumque ita ambitiose commendas, etsi es Josias, tamen puto in ea re mihi a te injuriam fieri. Quid enim ? An ego Julium meum, hospitem, amicura, fratrera meum nen novi? An potest unquam ejus calvities, tanta praesertim, mihi excidere ex animo ? Dii meliora I Quoties ego senem aliquem calvum, incurvum, obstipum, prementem alvum, et caca- turientem video, toties mihi in animum incurrit meus JuUus. Certe quic quid erit, si vel consUio vel auxiUo vel re vol etiam capistro opus erit, Julius apud Juellum semper erit Julius. Extra jeciim, ubi JuUus meus ad nos venerit, si quid Juello supererit, non egebit. Bene vale, mi Josia, et uxorem tuam, optimam muUerem, et cultis- simura atque huraanissimum juvenem Hermannum saluta meo nomine. Parkhurstus rus abiit ad regnum suum. Oravit tamen me proficiscens, ut tibi suo nomine quam officiosissime salutem dicerem. Vale, mi Josia, vale. Utinam aliquando dicere possim tibi coram, Josia, salve ! Lon dini, 2 Novembris, 1559. Tuus ex animo, INSCRIPTIO. JOHANNES JUELLUS. Doctissimo, atque hv.maniss. viro D. Josia: Simlero, amico carissimo. Ti/Turi. so JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. EPISTOLA XXIII. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S. Pl. Biduo postquam ex longo et perdifficili itinere rediissem, et lassus de via atque anhelans, neseio quid ad te scripsissem, redditae mihi sunt a te literae ternae eodem tempore : quarum suavissima lectione ita sum exhilaratus, ut omnem illam superiorum dierum molestiam prorsus abjecerim ex anirao. Etsi enira quoties de te cogito, quod certo assidue et in singulas horas facie, et nisi facerem, ingratus essem, ipsa cogi tatione et memoria tui nominis perfundor gaudio ; tamen cum literas tuas ad me scriptas lego, videor mihi esse Tiguri, et te videre coram, et tecum amaenissime coUoqui : quod equidem, mihi crede, pluris aestimo, quam omnes opes episcoporum. De religione quod scribis, et veste scenica, O utinam id impetrari potuisset ! Nos quidem tam benae causse nen defuimus. Sed illi quibus ista tantopere placuerunt, credo, sequuti sunt inscitiam presbyteroram : quos quoniam nihil aliud videbant esse, quam stipites, sine ingenio, sine doctrina, sine moribus, veste saltem coraica volebant populo coramen- dari. Nam ut alantur benae Uterae, et surrogetur seges aliqua doctorum hominum, nulla, 0 Deus bone, nulla hoc tempore cura suscipitur. Itaque quoniam vera via nen possunt, istis ludicris ineptiis tenere volunt oculos multitudinis. Sunt quidem istae, ut tu optime scribis, reUquias Amorrhaeorum. Quis enim id neget? Atque utinam aUquando ab imis radicibus auferri et extirpari possint ! nostrse quidem nee vires ad eam rem nee voces deerunt. Quod scribis esse quosdam qui nullam adhuc significationem dederint suae erga te voluntatis, subolfacio equidem quos dicas. Sed, mihi crede, non sunt eo numero aut loco, quo tu fortasse putas, quoque omnis Israel illos sperabat fore : nam si essent — Non scripserunt hactenus ad te, nen quod noluerint aut tui obliti fuerint, sed quod puduerit Scribere. Nunc uterque gravissime laborat e quartana, sed dp-x^tpdyeipos, quoniara est natura tristiori, multo gravius. Ingemuisti pro tua erga communem causam pietate, cura audires nihil prospectum esse cuiquam nostrum. Nunc ergo rarsus ingeme ; nam ne adhuc quidem quicquam. Tantum circumferinius inanes titulos episcoporum, et a Scoto et Thoma defecimus ad Occamistas et Norai- nales. Sed, ut scis, magna sunt momenta regnerum. Regina ipsa et causse favet, et nobis cupit. Quamobrem, etsi satis dura sunt ista initia, tamen non abjicimus animos, nee desinimus sperare Isetiora. Facile intereunt, quse facile maturitatem assequuntur. De libro tuo raemini me, antequam discederem Londino, ad te scripsisse pluribus. Sed iUae literae fortasse. ut fit. i-ierierp in itinere. XXIII.] AD PETRUM MARTYREM. Sl Hoc etiam adscripsi, Reginam ultro et, cupide legisse epistolaia, et opus ipsum, atque in universum doctrinam atque ingenium. tuum mi rifice prsedicasse ; librumque ilium tuum ab omnibus bonis tanti fieri, quanti haud scio an aliud quicquam in hoc genere. Nihil autem tibi hactenus donatum esse, hei mihi, quid ego dicam? pudet me, nee scio quid respondeam. Tamen Regina sedulo sciscitata est nuntium, quid ageres, ubi viveres, qua valetudine, qua conditione esses, an posses per astatem iter facere. Omnino veUe se omnibus modis te -invitari in AngUam, ut qui tua voce coluisses academiam, eandem nunc dissipa- tam et raisere habitam eadem voce irrigares. Postea tamen, neseio quo pacto, deliberatienes Saxonicae et legationes Segulianae ista con- siUa peremerunt. Tamen quidquid est, nihil est hoc tempore celebrius, quam Petram Martyrem invitari, et propediem venturum esse in An gUam. O utinam res nostrse aliquando stabilitatem aliquam et robur asse- quantur ! Cupio enim, mi pater, te videre, et, suavissimis sermonibus et amicissimis consiliis tuis frai. Quem ego diem si videre, vel potius, uti sperOi ubi videre, quas Samarobrivas aut Sarisburias non contem- nam ? Vale, dulce decus meum, atque animi plusquam dimidium mei. Saluta uxorem tuam, optimam muUerem, meo nomine. Deus faxit, ut feUciter pariat, et pulchra faciat te prole parentem. Saluta D. BuUin gerum, D. Gualteram, D. Lavaterum, D. Simlerum, D. Gesnerum, D. Frisium, D. Hermanum, tuum meumque Julium, Juliam, et Martyrillum. Nostri omnes te salutant. Londini, 5 Novemb. 1559. Tuus ex animo quantus quantus, INSCRIPTIO. JO. JUELLUS. Doctissimo atque ornatissimo viro, D. Petro Martyri, proftenii sa cras literas in schola Tigurina, domino sup colendissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XXIV. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S. Pl. Etsi ante non ita multos dies ad te scripserim, et hoc tempore nihil hic sit quod tu magnopere scire velis, tamen, quoniam te ita velle non dubito, iUud ipsum nihU malo scribere, quam istum nuntium, quem forte audieram velle Coloniam proficisci, inanem a me dimittere. ReUgio apud nos eo loco est, quo jam antea ad te scripsi saepius. Omnia decentur ubique purissime. In ceremoniis- et larvis passim pliisculum ineptitur. Crucula iUa argenteola male nata, male auspicata,' 32- JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. adhuc stat in larario principis. Me miseram ! res ea facile trahetur in exemplum. Spes erat aUquando tandem ereptura iri ; idque ut fieret, nos omnes dedimus diligenter, et adhuc daraus operam. Sed jam, quantum video, conclaraatum est. Ita prorsus obfirmati sunt animi. ' Nimis pru denter ista mihi videntur geri, nimisque mystice. Et quo tandem res nostrae casurae sint, Deus viderit. "Ittttoi I3pa,'&inrdbe- tolam scribere gestiebat animus, sed per- varias oecupationes non licet.. Salutabis diligenter meo nomine optimam tuam uxorem, et novam illam conjugem, tuam Annam. Vohlychio me officiosissime commendabis et castissimae ilUus Susannae. Quod tibi scribo ilU scribo. Salutabis etiam meo nomine D. Martyrem, D. Bibliandrum, D. Bernardinum, Lavateram, ZuingUum, Frisium, PelUcanum, Liberianum, Christopheram Rotakeram, Stumphium, Rennerum, Hirterum, 'vicinos, 'vicinas, et omnes. Uxor mea te et tuam et aUos omnes salutat. Vale. Von Bischoff Clouw in comitatu Glostrensi, 20 Decembris, 1559i Tuus, INSCRIPTIO. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS. Humanissimo viro D. JositB Simlero. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XXVII. THOMAS SAMPSON AD PETRUM MARTYREM. Quas scripsisti literas 4 Novembris, ego accepi 3 Januaru. Jam unum annum egi in Anglia, non ita quietum ; vereor autem ne sequens liic annus plus molestiarum mihi pariat. Non tamen solus timeo mihi, sed omnes nobis timemus : nee tamen audeo scriptis, mandare quae imminere nobis *3— 2 36 THOMAS SAMPSON [ePIST. videntur mala. Vos ergo, 'sanctissimi patres, teque imprimis, D.. Petre, pater et praeceptor carissime, per Jesum Christum obtestor,- ut strenue Dominum deprecari velitis. Hoc,, hoc, inquam, contendite, ne Veritas evangeUi vel obfuscetur vel evertatur apud Anglos. Gratias tibi ago, suavissime pater, quod tam sis diUgens in scribendo, Satisfecisti tu, satisfecit et D. BuUingerus- mihi in questionibus : utrisque immortalis Deus noster rependat. Consecratio episcoporum aUquoram jam habita est. D. Parkerus Cantuariensis, D. Cox Eliensis, D- Grindal Londi- niensis, D, Sandus Vigomiensis, noti' tibi, nomine. Unus alius Walks etiam est episcopus, sed tibi ignotus. Sequentur brevi D. Pilkintonus Vintoniehsis, D. Benthamus Coventrensis, et- tuus Juellus Sarisburien sis.- Brevi, inquam, ut audio, sunt isti consecrandi, (ut nostro utar voca- .bulo.). Ego in limine hseree ; neque enim vel egressus- vel ingressus datur. O quam veUem egredi ! Deus ipse novit quam hoc aveam. Epis copi fiant alii; ego vellem aut concienateris solius, aut nulUus eccle siastici, munus subire.. Domini fiat voluntas. O mi pater ! quid ego (Sperem, cum exulet ex aula. Christi ministerium, admittatur autem cru- .cifixi imago cura accensis luminaribus? Altaria quidem sunt diremta et imagines per totum regnum : in sola aula crucifixi imago cum. caa- delis retinetur ; et miser popellus id non solum Ubenter audit, sed etiam sponte imitabitur. Quid ego sperem, ubi tres ex nevitiis nostris epis copis, unus veluti sacer minister, secundus loco diaconi, tertius subdia- coni loco, mensae domini astabunt, coram imagine crucifixi, vel certe non procul site idolo, cum candeUs, omati aureis vestibus papisticis, sicque sacram Domini coenam porrigent sine ulla concione ? Quse spes boni, cum a mutis istis idololatrise reliquiis religionem nostri petere volunt, et non a viva Dei voce sonante ? Quid sperem ego, cum concionaturis injungi debet ne vitia aspere tangantur, cum concionatores si quid dicant quod displiceat, hon ferendi putantur ? Sed quo me rapit sestus iste ani mi? Silendum est. Vix capita nostrae imminentis miserise tetigi. Deus iEteme, nostri miserere per Christum Deum et Salvatorem nostrum. Unicara hanc a vobis qusestionem proponam solvendam : mi pater, te volo uti mediatore apud D. BulUngerum et D. Bernardinum. Hsec est, num imago crucifixi cum" candelis accensis in mensa Domini pesita, num, inquam, sit inter adiaphora ponenda? Si non sit, sed pro re UUcita et nefaria dueenda, tum hoc quaere :• si princeps ita injungat omnibus epis copis et pastoribus, ut vel adraittant in suas ecclesias iraaginera cum can deUs, vel ministerio Christi cedant, quid hic faciendum sit I An. non potius deserendum ministerium verbi et sacramentorum' sit, quam ut hae' reUquise Amorrheorum admittantur ? Certe videntur nonnulli ex nostris aliquo modo hue incUnare, ut hsec pro adiaphoris accipi veUent. Ego omni no puto potius abdicandum ministerium, si modo id injungatur. Jam [' MS. notos: ^ MS. sanctorum. ' XS.'luec] XXVH.] AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 37 te rogo, mi pater, tuas hic partes hac unica vice age, hoc est, ut quam diUgentissime et citissime me certiorem facias, quid vestra pietas hic censet, quasque sit omnium vestrum sententia; tui, inquam, D. Bullin geri et D. Bemardini. Hujus auctoritas, ut audio, maxima est apud Reginam. Quod si veUet aliquando scribere hortatum illam ut strenue agat in Christi negotio ; testor ex animo quod certo sciam, fidenter dico, quod vere filia Dei sit : opus tamen habet hujusmodi consili ariis, qualis iUe est. Nam quod Augustinus Bonifacio dixit, id fere in, omnibus principibus verum est, nempe quod plures habeant qui corpori, paucos qui animae consulant. Quod autem ab illo contendo, vellem et a vobis petere, si auderem. Ego tamen hac in re vestrae me subjicio, prudentiae. Callet, ut nosti, linguam Italicam ; Latine et Graece etiam. bene docta .est. In his Unguis si quid scribatur a vobis vel a D, Bernar dino, omnino puto rem gratissimam vos facturos regiae majestati, et operam navaturos ecelesiae Anglicanae utilissimam. Deus. vos Spiritu suo sancto ducat in perpetuum! JBene vale, et rescribe unica hac vice quam poteris festinanter. Saluta meo nomine .officiosissime D. BulUngerum, tuamque uxorem: saluta JuUum. Quae jam scripsi, tantum apud D. BulUngerum et D. Bernardi num promas: noUem enim ego ram ores spargi meo nomine. Imo nee hoc vobis scriberem, nisi sperarem aliquid inde boni eventuram. . Forsan vel -scribetis (ut dixi), vel saltem bonum dabitis mihi consilium in. proposita quaestione. Agile vos pro vestra pia prudentia. Iteram vale. Raptim, 6 Januarii. Tuus ex animo, THO. SAMPSON. INSCRIPTIO. Clariss. Theologo D. D. Petro Martyri, sacrarum literarum professori fidelissimo. Tiguri., P, S. Si quid scribatur regiae majestati vel a te vel a D. Ber nardino, vel a D. Bullingero, non quasi vos ab aliquo incitati fueritis, scribendum, ut vos melius nostis. Salutat te ex animo noster Cham- berus. Mea uxor quartana vexatur. Giana bene valet. Puto etiam Hetonum cum sua bene valere. Ruri ago inter rusticos Christum pro meo modulo tractans. Tu pro me Deran roga. Literas tuas Springamus vel Abelus ad me perferri curabit. RICARDUS , COXUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. [ePIST: EPISTOLA XXVIII- RICARDCS COXUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. Dio est, in Christ® carissime Petre, quod literas tuas aoceperim ; librum autem, quem mihi. humanissime dedicasti, nondum recepi. Con tigit nuperrime amici cujusdam UbeUum inspectare, quem nomine meo evulgatum ipse inteUexi. Plurimum tibi me debere agnosco vel in hoc, qtujd per te meae obscuritati aliquid celebritatis accesserit. Etenim magni moraenti res est a talibus 'viris, eruditione et- pietate eximiis, commendari. Atque utinam tandem aliquando tuam benevolentiam aUquo officiol o demereri potuero ! Mihi non -deero : secundet vota Dominus ! Novam uxorem tibi. gratulor.; speroque et novam prolem posse etiam gratulari. Julii tui causam hic sedulo agimus^ atqne in ea aUquid effeci- mus. Ricardus Bruernus, egregius Ebreus sciUcet, tuam praebendam poss'idfet. Si Uteras tuas prociwatorias ad nos miseris, in recuperanda praebenda tua aliquid fortassis in rem tuam praestabimus. Dum haec scribebam, allatus est ad me Uber tuus, qui auctor es meus, cui est done datus. De .rebus nostris quid scribam? Reddita sunt nobis Dei beneficio omnia iUa religionis capita, quae D. Edvardi tempore tenui- mus. Tantum crucis crucifixique iraaginera in templis tolerare cogimur, cum magno. animoram nostrorum cruciatu. Rogandus est Dominus ut hoc demum scandalum auferatur. GalU perfidia et ambitio, instigante •ecelesiae antichristo, nobis negotium facessere meditatur. Sacerdotes papistici apud nos suo ge ininisterio passim abdicant, ne nostris, ut aiunt, haeresibus assentire cogantur. Adversarii sunt multi et potentes, sed omnibus potentior Dorainus. Scoti, vicini nostri, evangelium pro maxima parte amplectuntur et profitentur, non sine gravi crace, ^am Galli injuria ferre adhuc coguntur. Nam GaUus eos in dies adoritur, in- temecionemque ilUs molitur, quibus nisi aliunde succurratur, et de illis et de evangeUo apud illos brevi actum erit. Interim- pierum precibus juvandi sunt. Salutabis meo nomine uxorem tuam, licet ignotam, et JuUum. Dominus Jesus te diutissime nobis servet incolumera ! Lon dini. Tui studiosissimus et in Christo frater carissimus, RICARDUS COXUS, INSCRIPTIO. Eliensis Episcopus. Amico meo integerrimo D. Petro Martyri, pietate ac doctrina preBcellenti, sacree linguce apud Tigurinos interpreti fide- liss. XXIX.] JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 59 EPISTOLA XXIX. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S. Pl. O mi pater, quid ego ad te scribam ? Rei non multum est, temporis vero multo minus. Sed quoniam te scio delectari brevitate, te auctore scribam brevius. Nunc ardet lis ilia crucularia. Vix credas in re fatua quantum horaines, qui aUquid sapere videbantur, insaniant. Ex iUis, quos quidem tu noris, praeter Coxum nullus est. Crastino die instituetur de ea re disputatio. Arbitri erunt ex senatu selecti quidam viri. Actores inde Cantuariensis et Coxus; hinc GrindaUus Londinensis episcopus et ego. Eventus eV KpnZv yoivaai Keirai. Rideo tamen, cum cogito, quibus illi et quam gravibus et solidis rationibus defensuri sint suam cruculam. Sed quicquid erit, scribam posthac pluribus ; nunc enim sub judice Us est : tamen, quantum auguror, non scribam posthac ad te episcopus. Eo enim jam res pervenit, ut aut cruces argentese et stanneae, quas nos ubique confregimus, restituendae sint, aut episcopatus relinquendi. De Frenshamo nostro, quod Ulum ita humaniter tractaris, ago tibi, mi pater, quas debeo gratias. Mortuum ex tuis Uteris primum- didici: De ejus pecunia, quam moriens reliquit Tiguri, quid scribam neseio. Neque enim ego testamentum ejus unquam vidi, et Randolphus noster, qui vidit, est nunc in Scotia. Tamen, si quid erit, ego omnibus modis consultum cupio meo JuUo. Atque hoc, quaeso, iUi significa meo no mine, ut si quid est, quod Frenshamus non legarit nominatim, partim aliquid apud se retineat, et in ea re, xar 'Axko^ovov taum, utatur judicio suo. E Scotia varia nunciantur, et omnia satis laeta. Idque satis sit hoc tempore uno verbo significasse: adhuc enim de rebus singulis explorati nihU habeo. Nos magnas copias habemus in finibus ; et terra marique Scotis auxiliura ferimus. Crito hospes tuus, et ejus cOmes Pamphilus, non stertunt totas noctes. Venit ilie Athenas insolens, et placuit Gly- eerio. Nosti? Sed quid ago? destituor tempore, et obruor negotiis, et invitus cogor finem facere. Tamen hoc scire debes, Vitum amicum tuum summum, et popularem episcopum Vintoniensem, et Oglethorpum Carleolensem, et Bainran Lichefildensem, et TonstaUum Satumnm Dunel- mensem, ante aliquot dies esse mortuos. Samsonus rure agit longe gentium, Parkhurstus in regno suo. Itaque mirum videri non debet, si ad vos scribant infrequentius. Saluta, quseso, reverendissimum patrem, D. BuUingerum, D. Ber- nardmum, D. Volphium, D. Hermannum, et Julium, ad quos ego omnes libenter scriberem hoc tempore, si esset otium. Saluta optimam illam 40 JOHANNES ¦ JUELLUS ', '[ePIST. mulierem, uxorem tuam, et Annam et Martyrillum tuum. Etonus, Etona, Abelus, Abela, Grindallus; Sandus, Scoraeus, Falconerus,Elmeras te salutant; et cum tibi omnia cupiant, nihil tamen magis cupiunt, quam Angliam. Quanquam, nt adhuc sunt res nostrae, crede mihi, pulchrum est esse Tiguri. Bene vale, mi pater, bene vale. Londini, 4 Februarii, 1560. Tibi deditissimus, -INSCRIPTIO. , , JO. JUELLUS, tuus. Doetiss. viro D. Petro Martyri Vermilio, profitenti sacras literas in schola Tigu rina, domino suo .colendissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XXX. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S. Pl. in Christo. Negotia ista mea, etsi hoc efficiunt, ut ego minus ad te scribam, hoc tamen profecto nen efficiunt, nee certe unquam effec- tura sunt, ut ego minus te diU^am, aut de te minus cogitem. Qui enim minus possim, praesertim quem patris loco habere debeo? Scripsi ad te non ita pridem per Burcherum nostrum, a quo etiam Uteras jecepi tuas, sed longo post tempore ; scriptae enim sub initium Octobris, redditae mihi sunt Idibus, opinor, Januarii : tam diu iUe haerere in itinere cogebatur. Idque puto in meas etiam ad te literas non rare accidere, et prsesertim postquam Abelus noster. discesserit Argentorato., nee Anglus ibi quisquam remanserit, qui res nostras curare possit. Si testaraentum Frenshami nostri mittatur hoc tempore Francofordiam, negotium dedi Conrado, fa- mulo Arnoldi Birkmanni, juveni probo et bonae fidei, qui illud a Fros chovero recipiat, et secum deferat, et apud se habeat Ego enim, ubi iUe redierit, non ero Londhii: jamdudum enim cupio Sarisberiam; sed impedimur mille vincuUs. Interim tamen, dum nos hic tenemur, neseio quis Pan curet oves! Verum ego de Ulo testamento et pecunia nihil scio ; et sine Randolpho nihil possum. Nam si scirem aut possem, Julio tuo meoque summam aliquam et liberaliter et ultro deciderem. Ran dolphus autem abest adhuc longe gentium in Scotia. Itaque Uteras tuas et D. BulUngeri ad ilium scriptas habeo adhuc apud me integras. Neque enim videOj qua ratione ad ilium tam procul satis tuto mitti possint. Religio nunc aliquanto confirmatior est, quam fuit. Populus ubique ad meUorem partem valde proclivis. Magnum ad eam rem momentum attulit ecelesiastica et popularis musica. Postquam enim semel Londini coeptum est in una tantum ecclesiola cani pubUce, statim non tantum XXX.] AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 41 ecclesise aUae finitimae, sed etiam longe disjunctae civitates, cceperunt idem institutum certatim expetere. Nunc ad crucem Pauli videas in terdum sex hominum millia, finita concione, senes, pueros, mulierculas, una canere, et laudare Deum. Id sacrifices et diabolum aegre habet. Vident. enim sacras conciones hoc pacto profundius descendere in ho minum animos, et ad singulos pene numeros convelli et concuti reg num suum. Nihil tamen habent, quod jure ac merito queri possint. Missae enim nostra memoria nunquam erant in majori pretioi singulae enim nunc sestimantur, in singula spectatorum capita, non minoris quam ducentis coronatis. Vitus tuus, qui ita candide et amice in te scripsit, mortuus est, credo, ex rabie; et religio, quod mireris, habet nihilo de- terius. Id hominem patientem male habuit, quod videi-et ^e suosque publice rideri a pueris. Si Jnlius noster ad nos veniat, nihil illi a me neque ad victum, neque ad cultum, neque ad crumenam deerit. Cupio enim voloque meo Julio, nen tantum tua causa, cui ego omnia debeo, sed etiam ipsius causa Julii. Tamen, ut adhuc sunt res nostrse, me auctore Bubsistat pauUuIum, dum istse turbse conquiescant. Interim ne putes, mi pater, nemineni hic esse qui de te absente cogitet. Hucusque Oxonii asservatur lectio Theologica ilia tua, non alii, spero, si tu ipse velis, quam tibi. Caecilius tuus est : Gulielraus Petras humanissime .de te praedicat. Posthac si, re confecta, et religione reque publica con stituta, et ultro et honorifice et Reginse, quae te gerit in oculis, et reipubUcEB nomine revoceris, obsecro, ne pigeat redire. Redibis, spero, ad homines non ingratos, et tui memeres bene. Vale, rai pater, dulce decus meum, atque animi plusquam dimi dium mei. Saluta uxorem tuam et fiUolum suavissimum meo nomine. Saluta D. BulUngeram, D. Gualterum, D. Simlerum, D. Lavaterum, D. Gesnerum, D. HaUerum, D. Volphium, D. Frisium, et imprirais D. Bernardinum, (cujus res apud nos utinam irent paulo celerius!) juvenem cultissimum Hermannum, Julium, JuUam et Matyrillum. Vale, mi pater, vale: O quis mihi dabit, ut dicere aUquando possim, Mi pater, salve? Londini, 5 Martii, 1560. Istae sunt decimae tertias, ni male raemini. Tu vide an omnes ad te pervenerint. D. LaeUum, si redierit in centrum suum, saluta, quaeso, meo nomine. Tui nominis observantissimus, JO. JUELLUS, Sarisberiensis. 42 • EDWINUS WIGORNENSia [ePISI'. EPISTOLA XXXI. EDWINUS WIGORNENSIS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. Salutem in Christo. Quod nuUas jam diu, vir reverende, Uteras ad te dederim, non officii q^uidem erga te mei oblitus, aut quid tua de me mereatur humanitas leviter perpendens, id feci; sed negotiorunj multitudine obrutus, scribendi munus pro tempore invitus intermisi, quod, cum tabeUarii jam sese offert opportunitas, diutius differendum non censeo. Sub Augusti initium cum literas ad te dedissem, in partes AngUae boreales ad abusus ecclesise toUendos, et ritus pietati et verae reUgioni consonantes eidem restituendos, tanquam inspector et visitator, ut vocant, cura principis mandato dimissus, et ilUc ad Novembris usque initium assidue in obeundo quod mihi creditum erat munere, non sine maximis cum corporis tum animi laboribus versatus, Londinum tan dem redu ; ubi novse rursus curae advenientem exceperunt, majorque ne.. gotiorum moles humeros premebat: opera enim mea in episcopatu Wigor- niensi administrando a, principe requirebatur, tandemque reluctant! epis copi munus imponitur. Volui quidem, ut antea Carleolensem, ad quem nominatus erara, hunc etiam episcopatum omnino recusare: at id non Ucuit, nisi et principis indignatioiiem mihi procurare et Christi eccle siara quodaramodo deserere voluissem. Sub haec Uteras tuas omm hu manitate plenissimas Burcheras mihi tradidit; quibus per eundem, quum hinc discederet, respondere distuU, partim quod res Anglicae tum tem poris non ita mutatse, sed in eodem quasi gradu consistentes, exiguam scribendi materiam suppeditabant ; partim vero, quod novum iUud onus (sic enim verius quam hones diei potest) novis curis et negotus me mimm in modum distrahebat. En diuturni silentu mei causam habes, vir plurimum observande. Eucharistiae doctrina, hactenus Dei beneficio non impugnata, nobis saiva et incolumis inanet, mansuramque speramus ; pro viribus enim et ipse et aUi fratres coepiscopi illam, quoad vixerimus, Deo juvante tue- himur. De imaginibus jam pridem nonniliil erat controversiae. Regia majestas non aUenum esse a verbo Dei, imo in commodum ecelesiae fore putabat, si imago Christi crucifixi una cum Maria et Johanne, ut solet, in celebriori ecelesiae loco poneretur, ubi ab omni populo facillime conspioeretur. Quidam ex nobis longe aliter judicabant, praesertim cum omnes omnis generis imagines in proxima nostra visitatione, idque publica auctoritate, non solum sublatae, verum etiam combustae erant; euraque huic idolo prae ceteris ab ignara et superstitiosa plebe adoratio solet adhiberi. Ego quia vehementior eram in ista re, nee uUo modo XXXI.] . AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 43 consentire poteram, ut lapsus occasio ecclesise Christi daretur, non multum aberat quin et ab officio asmoverer, et "principis indignationem incurrerem : at Deus, in cujus manu corda sunt regum, pro tempestate tranquillitatem dedit, et ecclesiam Anglicanam ab hujUsmodi oifendi- cuUs libera'vit. Tantum manent in ecclesia nostra vestimenta ilia papis tica, (copas intelUge,) quas diu non duraturas speramus. Quantum ex eo quod te tuaque presentia jam destituitur AngUa, detrimenti capiat hic ecclesia et religionis negotium, diligenter et saepissime apud eos, quibus reipublicae cura imminet, commemorare soleo ; neseio tamen quomodo, animis eorum in aUas res gravissimas intentis, nihil hactenus de te accersendo statutum video. Serael, sat scio, Reginae in animo fuit, ut te vocaret ; quid vero impedivit, puto te facile ex te colUgere posse: causa Christi multos semper habet adversarios, et qui optimi sunt, pessime semper audiunt : sacramentum iUud unitatis magnas facit hodie divisiones. Novum tibi conjugium gratulor, atque precor ut felix faustumque sit; quemadmodum et mihi ipsi opto, qui eandem conjugU legem nuper subii. Mirus hic belU apparatus est, partim ad pro- pulsandam GaUorum vim, si forte, dum Scotiam sibi subjugare conentur, nostros fines invaserint; partim ad auxilium Scotis contra GaUos feren- dum, sicubi pacis foedus nobiscum initum violaverint GaUi. Det Deus ut omnia in nominis sui gloriam et evangelii propagationem cedant ! Haec priusquam Wigomiam me recipiam, quo brevi profecturam me spero, Uteris tibi significanda duxi : fusius vero scripsissem, nisi quod sciam fratrem nostrum JueUum, episcopum Sarisberiensem, saepe et diligenter de rebus nostris omnibus te certiorem facturum. Si qua in re tibi gratificari queam, crede mihi, mi honorande Petre, me semper uteris, quoad vixero, imo etiam post vitam, si fieri potest, pro arbitratu tuo. Saluta, quaeso, plurimum meo nomine clarissimum viram D. BuUin gerum: debeo iUi literas, imo omnia illi debeo, et tantum solvam quan tum possim, si quando ofFerat sese occasio. Saluta uxorem tuam, Ju lium cum JuUa, D. Hermannum, Paulum- et Martyrillum meum, quibus omnibus omnia feUcia precor. Vale, humanissime, doctissime, ac colen dissime D. Petre. Londini festinanter, ApriUs primo, 1560. Tuus ex animo, EDWINUS WIGORN. INSCRIPTIO. Clarissimo ac doctissirdo viro . D. Doctori Petro Martyri, domino suo plurimum colendo. Tiguri. 44 THOMAS SAMPSON AD TETJIUM MARTYREM. [ePIST. EPISTOLA xxxn. THOMAS SAMPSON AD PETRUM MARTVREM. Jam tandem per Dei gratiam solutus curis episcopalibus, liberius solito possum tecum agere, pater mi colendissime. Ne autem existi- mares me explicatum meo vitio, totam tibi narrarem historiam, nisi hoc temporis angustia impediret, tsedium dissuaderet, et alia nonnuUa vetare viderentur. Interim tamen hoc a te peto, ne cuivis referenti hase facile credas: neque enim omnes norant, quomodo res acta sit, qui libere de ea loqui volunt. Et aliqui etiam adhuc tui, quondam mei quoque, qui plus norant ipsi quam nosse me vellent, forsan referent etiam minus vera, si quid referant. Non ego hsec scribo, vel meam sertem vel aliorum injuriam deflendo. Nil tale patior. Sed hoc volo : tuum judicium ne cito feratur, cum hoc audieris negotium, usque dum totum audieris, si tamen aUquando audire dabitur. Omnes, ni faUer, Uteras tuas accepi, et gratias tibi quam maximas ago, quod ita me ad rem instruxeras. Et omnino decreveram sano tuo et D. BulUngeri uti consilio. Sed res nun quam ee est perducta ut ad id adigerer. Nunc episcopatum iUum Nor- dovicensera tenet noster Parkhurstus ; et ilU omnia feUcia opto : optamus et omnes. Periculo ne malus aliquis ee potiretur episcopatu, probe est obviam itum. Deo optime maximo sit laus ! Una etiam, cum ita sit, meae ineptitudini optime consultum. Quam ergo referam Domino Deo gratiam, vix scio. Tu autem, mi pater, Deum lauda, et pro me orare ne cesses. Apud nos reUgio sicut ante 'viget ; et ut magis floreat ad maturitatem, precor. BeUis implicari jam incipimus. Dignetur Dominus nos etiam expUcare ad sui nominis gloriam ! Mala quidem et multa timemus : nee immerito. At bonus ilie pater misericordiaram nobis succurrat, et in suis miserationibus nostra medeatra mala. Paucis dico, nostras res plurimas omnium piorum petere orationes. • Itaque habeas AngUam tuis orationibus commendatissimam. Vale, optime pater et colendissime praeceptor. Salutabis meo nomme quam officiosissime D. BuUingerum, tuam itidem uxorem cum prole, Julium tuosque omnes. Iterum vale. 13 Maii, 1560. Tuus, TH. SAMPSON. INSCRIPTIO. Clarissimo viro D.D. Petro Martyri, sacree theologiee professorifdeliss. Tiguri. xxxm.] JOHANNES JUELLUS" AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 45' EPISTOLA XXXIII. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. " S. p. Si ex denis meis Uteris octo ad te, ut scribis, pervenerint, mi pater, et dulce decus meum, minus multo jacturae factum est, quam pu- taram; ego enim sperare nunquam potui, vel tertiam literarum mea rum partem ad te incolumem perventuram. Verum etsi illse subsistant, ut fit, otiosae, aut delitescunt uspiam, aut etiam pereant in itinere ; tamen ego non fesinam ea causa officium meum facere, neque unquam com- mittam, ut tabellariorum perfidia videar velle liberare fidem meam. Crede enim mihi : nihil unquam facio libentius, quam cum aut ad te scribo, aut de te cogito. Itaque, O Deum immortalem, quoties ego me fingo esse Tiguri, et pro nostra inter nos amoenissima consuetudine modo te audire, modo tecum colloqui, ut interim, cum, vera non liceat, saltem falsa atque umbratiU voluntate possim perfrui ! Cenfectis autem rebus nostris, et pace reque pubUca, quod brevi speramus fore, constituta, umbras istas et imagines missas faciemus, et te coram, spero, praesentem intuebimur: id enim scire debes nobis bonisque omnibus esse curae. Interim aca- demise, et nostra ilia imprimis Oxoniensis, miserum in modum deserun- tur, sine bonis Uteris, sine lectionibus, sine studio ullo pietatis. Coecum iUud numen erit aliquando magis propitium. Verum adhuc tempora ista qualia sint vides: d "Aprji, d "Aptii d (3poro\oiyd<; fundum ipsum toU vXoirov exhaurit. Ubi serenitas aliqua redierit, et istse turbae cenquieve- rint, Eleazaro tuo Damascene nee id, de quo^ tu scribis, nee alia majora deerunt. Si ad nos venerit, vel potius ubi venerit, erit apud me eodem loco, quo si esset frater meus. De EUperio tuo non tribuo mihi tantum ut te consoler: Novi enim' ego pradentiam tuam. Quod dies alioqui minueret, id scio te ratione solere antevertere. Utinam tamen puerum ita bellum, et ita tui simUem, et hac potissimum aetate tua susceptum potuisses habere superstitem, non tantum qui tecum garriret aliquando, et te oblectaret domi, sed' etiam qui ingenii, pietatis. virtutum tuarum omnium doctrinaeque tuae hteres esset ! Sed quoniam Deus optimus maximus ita, ut est, esse voluit, melius quam est esse nen potest. De quinque iUis coronatis Italicis scripsi ter ad JuUum nostrum, bis ad D. Bemardinum. 'R'adidi autem eos ante septem menses D. Acontio Italo, qui nunc est apud comitem Bedfordiensem. IDe ^ese poflicitus [' MS. quodde.},. 46 JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. est curaturum, ut quamprimum et quam optima fide redderentur Tiguri. Itaque D. Bernardinum tote hoc tempore nee pecuniam suam recepisse, nee vel a me vel ab Acontio quicquam audisse, miror. Redditum est mihi testamentum Frenshami nostri. Ducenti illi coronati sunt adhuc Antverpise, apud Amoldum Birkmannum, non minus in tuto, quam si essent apud me. Pamphilus est in Scotia : ibi operam diUgenter navat Critoni suo. In ejus reditum res manebit Integra. Nonis Maii summa turris ecelesiae meae Sarisberiensis ita non tacta, sed concussa est de coelo, ut a fastigio ad quadraginta cubitos rima per petua duceretur: tu vide, num quidnam in ea re sit divini ominis. Ego forte nondum eo veneram: quod si venissem, ut sunt hominum mentes superstitiosae et fatuse, omnis iUa clades conjecta fuisset in adventum meum. Crastino tamen die proficiscor, et manum ad aratrum admoveo: Deus bene fortunet causam suam ! Petrus Alexander cum venisset ad nos calendis Maii, post aliquot dies restitutus est in praebendam suam in integrum. Agit nunc Londini apud D. Hetonum tuum, et concienatur in ecclesia GaUorum. Crito est in summa gratia. Si quos antea habebat adversarios, eos nunc tandem prudentia et pietate concUiavit sibi, et fecit suos. Id mihi inde usque Uteris significavit noster Pamphilus. Veram de iUis rebus omnibus scribo plenius ad D. BuUingerum. Falkoneras noster obiit diem suum. Parkhurstus factus est episcopus Norvicensis. Bonems, Fecnamus monachus, Patus, Storaeus jurisperitus, Vatsonus, quod animis obstinatis abstineant a sacro coetu, et in omnibus angulis reUgionem istara, quam nos hodie profitemur, insectentur et lacerent, eonjecti sunt in carcerem. Regina enim, femina pmdentissima atque optima, virili prorsus animo et fortiter polUcita est, se non pas- suram, ut quisquam suorum possit impune ab hac reUgione dissidere. Nos ubique scribimus miUtem, et omnia comparamus ad bellum. Gallus si advenerit, non opprimet, spero, imparatos. Quanquam, ut nunc sunt tempora, Uie hostis non ita multum habet otii a re sua, ut possit curare aliena. Deus aliquando componat istas turbas, ut cenfectis re bus, possimus te revocare in AngUam ! Crede enim mihi, nemo est mortalium, de quo nostri homines aut saepius, aut amicius, aut reve rentius loqui soleant. D. Caecilius, quocum heri pransus sum in aula, D. KnoUus, D. Wrothus orarunt, ut te plurimum suo nomine salutarem. Et, quod tu fortasse vix putes, D. WUielmus Petrus cura audiret mentio nem de te fieri, omnino oravit, ut suo etiam nomine idem facerem. Salvere jubebis a me optimam illam mulierem, uxorem tuam, D. Bul Ungeram, D. Gualteram, D. Lavateram, D. Gesneram, D. HaUerum, p. Simlerum, D. Volphium, D. Frisium, D. Hermannum, D. Paulum, Julium meum, Juliam, et Martyrillum ; quibus ego omnibus, totique ec clesise et reipubUcae Tigurinae, omnia precor, omnia cupio. Vale, mi xxxui.] AD PETRUM MARTYREM. (4Y pater, mi pater, vale. Vale, mi domine in Christo colendissime. Eceksi- .am causamque nostram commendo tuis precibus. Londini, 22, Maii, 1560. JOHANNES JUELLUS, ex animo, et vere tuus. INSCRIPTIO. Ornatissimo et longe doctissimo viro D. Petro Martyri Vermilio, pro- > Jitemti sacras literas in ecclesia Tigurina, domino suo colendiss. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XXXIV. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S. Plurimam in Christo. Scripsi ad e, mi pater, non ita pridem, bidup antequam discederem Londino. Eas dedi proficiscens Hetono nostro, ut ad te primo quoque tempore mitterentur. Nunc postquani ad meos veni Sarisberiam, etsi nihil detractum est de observantia erga te mea, imo etiam quamvis ea ex longo isto et mihi permolesto tui desiderio infinitis partibus aucta sit, et augeatur in dies, literarum tamen scribendamm opportunitas non eadem videtur nunc esse, quae fuit antea. Longe enim nunc absum a turba et strepitu, minusque multo audio quid agatur. Et si quid volo, tabeUarium tamen, qui isthuc eat, non invenio. Scribam tamen, quicquid erit, imo etiam quamvis nihil erit. Pereant istae sane, si volunt, in itinere : meum erga te officium, obsequium, studium,, non peribit. Erit, spero, aUquando tempus, cum propius nos mutuo salutahimus. Quam ego diem ubi videro, et in tuum complexum venero, satis me diu 'vixisse arbitrabor. Ea res nobis omnibus curae est. Et quid impediat non videmus; nisi id forte est, quod suspicor, quodque ad te aUquando scripsi, Petrum et Paulum tibi reditum interclusisse. Sed Deus hujus modi apostoUs male velit ! Lectio tamen tua adhuc vacat, nee scio, cui potius aUi servetur, quam tibi. Interea tamen ibi omnia ruunt et pessum eunt: collegia enim nunc ilia plena puerorum sunt, inanissima literamm. Smithus abut in VaUiam : ibi enim aiunt duxisse uxorem, opinor ut omnia tua argumenta refutaret. Quicquid est, taraen jactat canes, et inane caput: habet nunc popinam, et vivit de taberna meritoria, coii- temtus a nostris, a suis, a notis, ab ignotis, a senibus, a pueris, a se ipso, ab omnibus. SidaUus noster Harpocratem colit, et tegit sententiam : 48 JOHANNES JUELLUS ' .[ePIST. itaque nunc nee inter aves nee inter quadrupedes numeratur. Bonus quidem vir, uti nosti, utque ego sat scio, observans atque araans tui. Et fortasse, ubi copias nostras videbit esse auctas, ultro accedet, et ponet istam simulationem, et aperte se geret. Nam in lustrando exercitu oportet aliquem esse ultimum. Episcopi aliquot Mariani sunt in turri : Londinensis in veteri hospitio suo, ubi antea fuerat sub Edvardo rege. Quo cum abductus esset, et in medium jara carcerem pervenisset, et, ut est homo perarbanus, et non tantum animo, sed etiam facie, ut scis, liberali, vinctos, quos ibi reperit, officiose salutasset, et amicos ac socios appellasset, reclamavit statim quidam e numero : " Et egone," inquit, " bestia, vfdeor tibi socius esse tuus ? Abi, quo dignus es, ad inferos ; ibi invenies socios. Ego unum tantum hominem, eumque inductus aliqua causa, occidi : tu magnum numerum bonorum virorum, martyres Christi, testes atque assertores Veritatis, sine causa occidisti : et me quidem facti poenitet ; tu vero ita obduruisti, ut nesciam an possis duci poenitudine." Hoc scribo, ut scias, quo iUe loco sit, quem etiam scelerati homines et malefici repudient et fugiant, nee ferant socium. Constans rumor est, isque jam sermone multorum et Uteris con- firmatus, miUtem nostrum pest longam oppugnationem tandem deditione cepisse Letam, et Gailes praesidiarios cum singuUs vestimentis emisisse De conditionibus multa sparguntur : sed adhuc nihil certi. Summa est nunc necessitudo inter Anglos et Scotos, non solum humana societate, sed etiam coelesti fcedere sancita. Quod si illud etiam accedat, quod speramus, quodque cupimus, de Critene et Glycerio recte erit. Atque utinam ne illi id impediant, qui nee nobis nee iUis bene volunt. Verum ista adhuc inchoata tantum sunt, et cruda quodaramodo ; post audiemus omnia clariora. Pamphilus nondum rediit, datus est Critoni comes a Glycerio. lUe, ut potest, scribit interdum ad me, et sperat fore ut volumus. Quicquid est, Crito non erit in mora. Suecus exspectatur cum numerosa classe, princeps potens, et dives argenti, et in faciende sumptu perliberaUs. Sed habitat lenge gentium ; et per hyemera maria omnia coguntur frigere, ut neve accedere ad nos possit, neve ad se redire. Gallicis istis tumultibus Deus aliquando impenat finem optabilem, et Guisanos furores et consceleratam nequitiam reprimat. Dei beneficio apud nos omnia tranquilla sunt, non tantum de religione, sed etiam de republica. Messis copiosa est ; messores tantum desunt. Tamen, quia Gallus dicitur armare classem, et neseio quas irruptiones minitari, ne quid nobis periculi, ut fit, creetur ex improvise, delectus facimus passira, et miUtem, si quid opus erit, habemus in procinctu. Ego tamen, ut nunc sunt tempora, vix puto illi tantum esse otii a re sua, ut nostra ciuare possit. Habes nostra. De Julio meo tuoque desino polUceri. Tantum veniat : novit viam : nihil illi a me deerit. Imo quid ego ilium jubeo XXXIV.] AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 4i venire solum ? Exspectet potius pauUulum, et tecum veniat. Imo quid exspectare jubeo? Jamdudum venisse oportuit. Vale, mi pater, vale. Dicam tibi, spero, aliquando coram et in os. Mi pater, salve. Saluta meo nomine optimam iUam mulierem, uxorem tuam, D. BuUingerum, D. Gualterum, D. Lavaterum, D. Frisium, D. Simlerum, D. Gesnerum, D. Hallerum, D. Wickium, D. Hermannum, si est adhuc apud te, Julium, Juliam, et Martvrillum. Nos oranes dissipati jam sumus in dispersionem gentium, ut quid alii fratres nostri faciant, nihil possim certo scribere : esse tamen pie occupates in promovendo evangelio, et tui vestrique omnium me- mores, nihil dubito. Iterum, mi pater, vale, et ora Deum, ut hanc lucem velit nobis esse perpetuain. Sarisberise, Calendis Junii, 1 560. Tui nominis observantissimus, JO. JUELLUS, Anglus. INSCRIPTIO. Doctissimo et ornatissimo viro, D. Petro Martyri Vermilio, docenti sacras literas in schola Tigurina, domino suo colen diss. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XXXV. THOMAS LEVERUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Sal. PL. in Christe Jesu. Binas a deminatione tua accepi literas, ex quo in Angliam redu: et semel ad te scripsi de reUgione, et de me ipso quaedam, quae ex prioribus tuis ad me Uteris ad manus tuas pervenisse intellexi. In posterioribus tuis 20 Martii a Tigure, et tamen mihi traditis non ante 22 Junii in AngUa, scribis apud vos de rebus nostris varios incertosque rumeres spargi, vos autem a nobis ipsis exspectare certiora. Eece ergo, vera certaque sunt quae nunc scribo, ut et cetera quse anno superiori ad te et Bernates scripsi, nimirum ad D. Johannem Hallerum et D. Musculum. Doctrina vera sinceraque libere prsedica- tur per Angliam ab illis, qui cognoscuntur posse et veUe id praestare, per Uteras commendatitias a Regina vel ab episcopo aUque ignotos ad- mittendi in ecclesiis ut concionatores : ceteris enim omnibus inter dicitur in ecclesiis concionandi munus. Nulla adhuc disciplina ulla auc toritate publica hic constituitur. Sed liturgia pro publicis precibus et '*4 [ZURICH LETTERS.] 50 THOMAS LEVERUS [ePIST. ceteris in ecclesia ritibus eadem, quae fuit sub Edouardo sexto, nunc auctoritate Reginae et parliamenti, (sic enim summum vocatur conci lium,) apud nos restituitur. Verum enimvero in injunctionibus a Regina editis post pariiamentum praescribuntur ministris ecclesiasticis ornatus aliqui, quales sacrificuli olim habuerunt et adhuc habent. Plurimi mi nistri, qui omnes tales deposuissent antea, nunc tamen obedientiae, ut aiunt, causa iterum similes resumunt et induunt. Pauci sane sumus, qui tales vestes perinde abhorremus atque miles ilie Christianus coro nam, de qua scripsit TertuUianus. Nen enim ignoramus, quam inde occasienem papistae captant ad offensionem infirmorum. Nam in ca- thedralibus ecclesiis praebendarii, et in ceteris ecclesiis rarales sacrificuU, externas vestes et internes animos ex papismo retinentes, ita fascinant aures et oculos multorum, ut nen possunt non credere papisticam quoque doctrinam adhuc retentam esse, aut saltem brevi restituendam fore. Multse paroeciK apud nos nullum habent ecclesiasticum minis- trum, et aliquot dioeceses destituuntur episcopis. Atque ex iUis valde paucis, qui per magnam hanc regionem saeramenta administrant, ne centesimus quisquam verbum Dei praedicare potest et vult ; sed tantum legere, quod in libris prasscribitur, omnes coguntur. Sic sane apud nos jam messis Domini copiosissima, et operarii paucissimi sunt. Qui fuere quendam episcopi, et ceteri archipapistse apud nos, praeponentes pri- matum papse aucteritati Reginse, privantur omnibus honoribus et sti- pendiis in Anglia. Quidam etiam ex iUis nuper custodiis et carceribus committuntur ; et quo tandem evasuri sint, adhuc ignoratur. In Scotia non publico consensu ab omnibus, sed tamen magno cum zelo et sinoeritate a quam plurimis, evangelium recipitur. Et Scoti jam diu Gallos omnes e Scotia expellere tentant ; unde apud nos videre est magnos bellorum apparatus, et plurimi milites in subsidium Scotorum adversus GaUos mittuntur. Est portus in Scotia, qui nostro idiomate vocatur Leith : ilium fossis, aggeribus, tormentis et armis niunitum Galli tenent, Angli eppugnant. Multi certe utrinque interficiuntur, et captivi vivi, ut aiunt, nuHi servantur. Audivi, quod verum esse suspicor, nunc die rum taUa esse mundanae pacis foedera, ut penitus dissolvantur, si vel unus ab alterutra parte captivus detineatur vivus ; possint tamen eadem firmissima perseverare, si interficiantur vel utrinque plurimi. Atque id inde conjicio, quod adhuc inter GaUos et Anglos nullum bellum sit pubUce indictum, sed potius talis pax, ut mercateres libere negetiantur Angli in GaUia et Galli in AngUa, cum interim milites utriusque mi- sere et hostiliter cenfligendo pereunt in Scotia. De me ipso, si placeat audire, intelligas velim, quod statim post reditum meum in AngUam lustravi magnam ejus partem evangelii an- nunciandi causa. Estque civitas in medio Angliae sita, quae vocatur Coventria. In ea semper, ex quo semel emersit evangelium, faere piu- xxxv.] AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 6l rimi zelesi evangeUcae veritatis ; adeo ut in ultima ista persecutione sub Maria comburebantur aliqui, exulabant una nobiscum aiu, reUqui in magnis miseriis et difficultatibus diu jactati, tandem restituta sincera reUgione, aUos praedicatores et me potissimum soUcitarunt, apud iUos Coventriae evangeUum annunciare. Ego posteaquam per aliquot ebdo- madas expertus essem, hic cepiosissimam multitudinem frequentare solere pubUcas conciones evangeUcas, consensi ilUs, qui me rogabant, ut ux orem et famiUam meam apud eos in Coventria locarem ; et sic nunc fere per integmm annum ego Ubere sermones habui, et iUi liberaliter me et meos in hac civitate aluerunt. Nam non astringimur neque ego illis,. neque ilU cives mihi, ulla vel lege vel pactione, sed tantum Ubera be- nevolentia et caritate. Uxor mea nuper mihi peperit fiUam, quse vivit et valet cum tribus aUis liberis parvis, quos ex priori marite defuncta ad me attulerat. Nos igitur te cum tuis salutamus, et omnia fausta atque feUcia in Cliristo vobis precamur. Nam cum ex Uteris tuis in- teUigerem, uxorem tuam, liberos tuos et generos cura eorum Uberis. bene valere, perinde mihi gratum fuit, ac si essem natura, quemadmo dum ex animo sum, unus ipse ex tuis illis, quos oro Deum in Christo tibi benedicere et beare perpetuo. Libros contra anabaptistarum sectas te scripsisse Ubenter audio : et capitis tui dolores ingravescente jam aetate majores et frequentiores esse non miror, sed doleo annos et labores tues cogitans, Deumque ero ut te diu alvum et sanum nobis et ecclesise suse servare velit. Qui pariter viximus unis in aedibus Tiguri Angli multi jam, necessi tate ita urgente, longe ab invicem per Angliam distraliimra-. Sed fieri non. potest, quin omnes perseveremus memeres praeclarae Tiospitalitatis [et] beneficentiae, quam Tigurum vestro patrocinie nobis praestitit, valde com mode, pie et amanter. Itaque solus et seorsim a ceteris scribens te tamen rogo, simul omnium nostrorum nominibus gratias agere magistratibus reipubUcae et ministris ecelesiae, atque reUquis bonis viris Tiguri, pro tam opportune, grato et necessario hospitio nobis exulibus ibi Christi causa exhibite ; et matronae illi Elizabethae, quae nobis inservivit, dicas quseso a nobis omnibus salutem in Domino. Obsecro etiam, ut mee nomine salutare digneris pientissimos simul et doctissimes dominos, Petrum Martyrem, Bernardum Ochinum, R. Gualterum, Theodemm Bibliandrum, generos tuos mihi carissimos, Lavaterum, ZuingUum, et Simlerum, praeterea Johannem ab Ulmis, qui vixit olim in Anglia, et Johannem Burchemm Anglum, cum reliqnis piis apud vos mihi notis in Domino. Gratum quoque esset, si aU quando in Uteris tuis ad Bernates vel Arovienses mentionem nostri cum gratiarum actione feceris. Ego pro mea tenuitate ad utriusque ecelesiae ministros et archigrammatees scripsi, et rescribam Deo volente brevi. Faxit Deus ut simus semper memeres et ad omnem occasienem *4— 2 52 THOMAS LEVERUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST; parati ad referendas debitas gratias vobis in Christo. Vale. Coven- trice, 10 JuUi, 1560. Tuus fideUter in Christo, INSCRIPTIO. TH. LEVERUS. Illustrissimo viro Domino Henrico Bullingero pientiss. et vigilan- tissimo patri atque pastori in ecclesia. Tiiruri. EPISTOLA XXXVI. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S. Pl. in Christo. Scripsi ad te ante nen ita multos dies, si satis me memini, calendis Junii, de universe statu nostrarum rerum qui vel tum erat, cum scriberem, vel certe esse dicebatur. Nunc accipe ea, quae et passim jactantur in vulgus, et hediemo die ad me ex aula perferuntur. De Scotia res confecta est. Galli praesidiarii, quos noster miles longa lentaque obsidione et quasi per ludum eppugnaverat, postremo vi maloque coacti, sese nostris dediderunt. Habita a nostris ratio imprimis est, ne quid per insolentiam et rabiem militum nimium crudeliter factum vide- retur. Itaque praeterquam quod velitatienes iUse, quae subinde, ut fit, utrinque factae sunt, non potuerunt esse incruentse, quam minimum alioqui haustum est humani sanguinis. Gallus, cum pacem aliquam suis rebus quaereret, pollicitus est, se im- posterum relicturum esse titulos et insignia regum Anglise, quas propter uxorem Scotam, proneptim Henrici VIIL, jam antea cum suis titulis et insignibus raiscere coeperat, seque posthac veteribus tantum liUis et avitis tituUs contentum fere : regnum Scotiae per duodecira viros, homines Scotos, administratum iri : si quid posthac vocetur in qusestionem, vel de religione vel de republica, ejus rei judicium fore penes totius regni parlamentum : centum tantum et viginti miUtes Gallos relictum iri in tota Scotia, non qui illi regno creent periculum, sed qui acceptae cladis et dedecoris testes esse possint, si quis in posterum ea de re forte dubitet ; eos veUe duodecim virorum senatui, si quid imperent, dicto audientes esse. His conditionibus utrinque discessum est. Letha prse- sidium solo aequata est a nostre milite. Galli impositi sunt in classein, ut abducerentur domum, mcesti et afflieti vix cum singulis vestimentis. Ista ego, mi pater, omnia nen dubito ad vos jam antea vel nunciis vel rumoribus perlata esse. Tamen ea non dubito tibi etiam nunc, cum a me narrantur, nee injucunda nee ingrata fore. Dux Holsatiae abiit domum magnifice acceptus a nostris, egregie do natus a Regina, cooptatus in ordinem garterium, ornatus aurea et gemmata XXXVI.] JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 53 perisceUde. Suecus semper venire dicitur, atque etiam nunc esse in iti nere, et velle propediem appellere : tamen iUe, quod sciam, pedem unum non promevet. Hic nunc omnes pacem, neseio quam, fore praedicant ; et de constituenda reUgione exspecfari concilium orbis terrarum publicum. At ego nee pacem his temporibus convenire posse arbitror, nee coire concilium. Habes, mi pater, quae nunc apud nos dicuntur nova. Bene vale, et te cura ! Curabis animi dimidium mei. Saluta optimam iUam mulierem, uxorem tuam, D. BulUngerum, D. Gualterum, D. Simlerum, D. Lavaterum, D. Volphium, D. Hallerum, D. Gesnerum, D. Frisium, D. Hennannum, D. Julium, Juliam, MartyriUum. SaUsberiae, 17 Julii, 1560. Raptim. JOHANNES JUELLUS, INSCRIPTIO. ex animo tuus. .Ornatissimo viro Do. Petro Martyri Ver milio, profitenti sacras literas in schola Tigurina, domino suo colendissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XXXVII. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Tantis negotiorum undis adobmer, mi BuUingere, ut cogar brevior esse quam vellem. Breviter ergo tuis respondeo, idque ordine. Burchero perquam lubenter benefaciam, tum illius tum tui etiam causa. Utinam Burcheri moribus Burchera responderet ! sed hoc tibi soli. Gualterus meam fefeUit exspectatienem, nihil ad me jam scribens. Fui in aedibus AbeU, cum fascis literarum adferretur : turn tamen temporis praeter tuas et JuUi literas nullas accepi ; quod valde sum miratus. De statu regni in religione sic habete. Multis piis omnia placent, mihi paucula adhuc displicent : sed spero meUora. Plus paucis mensibus Scoti in vera reUgione profecerunt, quam nos multis annis. Inter Scotos, Gallos et nos, (dedite oppido Leith) cealuit pax : conditiones ad te perscrip- sit Abelus. Caletum non est a nobis recuperatum ; imo nihil tale tentatum. Saluta meo nomine optimam tuam conjugem, filios, filias, generos, et omnes viros doctos et amicos meos. Opto omnia presperrima vestrae civitati, atque adeo universae Tigurinerum ditioni. Uxor mea vobis om nibus multam jussit adscribi salutem. Vale. Raptim. Londini, 23 Augusti 1560. Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS. INSCRIPTIO. Clarissimo viro D. Henrico Bullingero. Tiguri. 54 JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. EPISTOLA XXXVIII. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. S. Pl. in Christo. Quid ego ad te hoc tempore scribam, mi pater, neseio. Nam et rerum novarum parum est, et temporis ad scribendum multo minus; nunc enim accingor ad agendes conventus et obeundam previnciam : ilie labor erit bimestris. Eram scripturus, nescio quid, ad te ante mensem ; et jam non nihil etiam scripseram. Sed cum rumor hic de te parum secundus, nostris omnibus molestus, mihi autem imprimis audiendum peracerbus, passim spargeretur; isque non tantum populari fama, sed etiam de Uteris D. Grindalli et archiepiscopi Cantuariensis confirmaretur ; prse moerore, mihi crede, atque animi aegritudine coactus sum desistere, atque abrumpere inchoata. Nunc autem, postquam fratres nostri Genevenses, qui ad nos nuper admodum redierunt, nuntiant apud vos omnia ista esse ut volumus, non possum mihi imperare quin scribam aliquid ad te, etsi hercle nihil sit hoc tempore quod scribam. Ecclesia nostra nunc Dei beneficio tranquiUa est. Nee mirum. Nunc enim illi venti, qui antea fluctus cencitabant, ne quid turbare possint, egregie ab jSlolo conclusi sunt. Concionatores tantum nobis desunt: illo rum est enim magna et miserabiUs inopia ; et scholfe desertae prorsus sunt, ut, nisi Deus nos respiciat, nulla in posterum supplementa sperari possint. Concionatores tamen illi qui sunt, qui pauci sunt, praesertim qui aUquid possunt, a popiUo secundis auribus atque animis audiuntur. Invenimus primis temporibus Elizabethae magnam et inauspicatam segetem Aria- noram, anabaptistarum, et aliarum pestium, qui, nescio quo pacto, ut fungi noctu et in tenebris, ita illi in ilia caUgine et infausta nocte Mariani temporis excreverunt. Eos nunc audio, spero quidem certe, ad lucem melioris doctrinae, tanquam noctuas ad aspectum solis, obli- tuisse, et prorsus jam nullos esse : aut si qui sunt, tamen ecclesiis nostris melesti non sunt. Velatica iUa doctrina Ubiquitaria non potest apud nos consistere idlo mode : etsi non deerant ab initio, quibus ea res magnopere curae fuerit. In GaUorum ecclesia, quam habent nunc Londini, audio esse quosdam importunes homines et turbulentos, qui aperte incipiant 'Appiavl^ew. Deus nobis aUquando auferat ista lolia ! Regina, pacatis rebus, polUcetur se daturani nobis argentum purum putumque; itaque jam incipit omnem superiemm temporam adulterinam menetam revocare. E Scotia nihil praeterquam quod superioribus Uteris ad te scripsi, de expugnato praesidio et rebus cenfectis ex sententia. Crito quid agat, nescio. Pamphilus nondum rediit. De Glycerio utinam — sed ravTa ev rou Qeov yomaeri KeiTCii. Maius decanus PauUnus, desig- natus archiepiscopus Eboracensis, mortuus est. D. Hornus erit episcopus xxxvm.] AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 55 Vintoniensis. Cetera sunt eo loco quo scripsi antea Parklmrstum,Sandum, Samsonum, Leveram, ceterosque nostros, minus pene nunc video quam tu : ita prorsus disjecti sumus, non in dispersionem, sed, spero, ad coUec- tionem gentium. Audio literas et alia quaedam ad me advecta esse e Germania ; sed unde, aut a quibus, nescio : sus2>icor tamen a te. Idcirco omnia nunc mihi longa sunt, dum rescisco quid sit. Ego, nisi quod tu ita procul abes, ceteroqui recte valeo. Mi pater, vale. Vale, potior pars cordis mei. Scriberem hoc tem pore ad ornatissimum virum, D. BulUngerum, nisi excluderer negotiis. Ignoscat mihi in praesentia ; posthac scribam prolixius, quicquid erit. Saluta, quaeso,, ilium, D. Gualterum, D. Simlerum, D. Gesnerum, D. Hallerum, D. Vickium, D. Lavaterum, D. ZuingUum, D. Volphium, D. Frisium, quam petes officiessisime meo nomine. Ego illos omnes illo- rumque omnia amo in Domine. Julium nostrum nee scribere ad me, nee ad vos venire, miror. Illi ego non minus cupio voloque quam fratri meo. Si quid de fide mea dubitat, faciat periculum. Tamen illi quoque, et JnUae, et inprimis, vel potius ante omnes primes primasque, optima^ illi mulieri, uxori tuae, et Martyrillo et D. Hermanno salutem dicite. Iterum, mi pater, vale. SaUsberiae, 6 Novembris, 1560. Tui nominis observantissimus, JOHANNES JUELLUS, Anglus. INSCRIPTIO. Ornatiss. et longe doctissimo viro, D. Petro Martyri Vermilio Florentino, projitenti sacras literas in schola Tigurina, do mino suo observandiss. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XXXIX. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD JOHANNEM WOLPHIUM, JOSIAM SIMLERUM, ET LUDOVICUM LAVATERUM. Quum una vos civitas, eadem studiorum societas, mutuaque amicitia conjungat pariter; denique eadem adhuc arctius professio communis que reUgionis amor contineat, dulcissimi sedalss carissimaque capita dabitis hanc mihi veniam, vel negotiis imputabitis, quibus in prcesenti; distineor, si, quos simul connectwnt philtra, eadem quoque vos ipsos con jungat epistola. Etenim si qua veteri parcemise fides, qua amicus alter ipse dicitur, sitque ea amicitise vis ut ex pluribus, quamlibet natura di versis, unum veluti hominem conciUet censtituatque, perinde igitur fac- turus videbor ad triumviratum hunc junctissimoruni amicorum unica a ; ,1 56 JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM, &C. [ePIST. scribens epistola, ac si eosdem diversis cempeUarem Uteris. Itaque ut tribus simul vestris ad me disertissimis epistolis una velut manu respon deam, habeo vobis pre tam Candida gratulatione vestra gratias : quas neque ideo a vobis velim minoris fieri, quod singulatim inter vos minus distribuantur. Amor nihil magis prepterea distrahitur, etiamsi centrahi- tur pauUulum scribendi officium. Vos interim pro faciUtate vestra com munem inter vos epistolam, ceu pignus et monumentum' gratissimi erga vos studii, perinde partietis, ac si pro justa officii ratione singuUs seorsim accurateque respondissem. Posthac a negotiis ubi plus concedetur otir, volente Domino, experiar si quo mode declarare queam, quanti Tigu rinos amicos, hoc est veteranos meos hospites, faciam, haudquaquam commissuras, ut in hoc officioram genere, quse ad amicitiam quidem attinent, cuiquam vestrum cedere videar, Ucet ceteris in rebus vobis ces- surus Ubenter. Atque haec hactenus, prae turba occupationum mearam, ad vos scripsisse sufficiat, tametsi molestum est sermenem cum jucun- dissimis sodalibus abrumpere. Vos, quseso, eequi bonique consulite. Hu- raanissimam pietatem vestram in dies magis ac magis florere faustissi- meque valere in Domino exopto plurimum. Valete. Raptim. Nordovici, 9 Martii, 1561. Mi Josia, ago gratias pro libro Bullingeri, quem latinitate donasti et ad me misisti. Mea vos omnes. Vester, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, Nordovicensis. INSCRIPTIO. Eximiis viris D. Josiee Simlero, D. Johanni Wolphio, et D. Ludovico Lavatero. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XL. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. S. Pl. O mi Josia, quas ego nunc agam gratias ? LibeUus iUe tuus, primum ita pie et docte scriptus, deinde a te ita eleganter et commode redditus, erat mihi utroque nomine gratissimus. Felices vos, quibus et facultas istiusmodi, et ingenium, et otium obtigit. Nos vere, qui ista non possumus, facere tamen id sequum est, quod putamus.' Perge, mi Josia, hunc animum ita instructum, ita ornatum, quod facis et jamdudum magna cum laude, dicare temple Dei. [' MS. momentum.'] XL.] JOHANNES JUELLUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. 57 De JuUo nostro nihil erat opus ut ita serio ad me scriberes : ego enim ilium novi, et Uie me. Laude tamen animum et pietatem tuam, qui homini amico ita ex anime consultum cupias. Illi ego non dubito a vobis prospectum iri. Silentiura meum, fateor, mi Josia, longius erat quam oportuit, quamque ego vohiissem. Veram magnitude negotiorum, quibus urgeor assidue, saepe mihi calamum excutit de mani bus. Etsi enim alia habeo omnia, vitam, vires, valetudinem, otium tamen ad scribendum vix unquam habeo. Vel hoc ipso tempore quam sim occupatus, Julius ipse nisi vellet esse testis, utinam esset sine testibus ! Jamjam proficiscor Londino domum. Jamdudum equus me exspectat. Quare nova nostra omnia et statum universarum nostrarum rerum com- initto JuUo. Quicquid dicet, quamvis nonnihil affingat de suo, ut soient qui peregre redeunt, tamen tu pro tua humanitate putare debes, iUum esse virum bonum. Quod si iUe ita se geret, non errabis. Vale, mi Josia. Et uxorem tuam, et D. Hermannum, Frisium opti mum et cultissimum juvenem, saluta meo nomine, et hoc manusculuni boni consule. Vale. Londini, 4 Maii, 1561. Raptim. Tuus ex animo, JOHANNES JUELLUS, Anglus. INSCRIPTIO. Doctissimo et amicissimo viro, D. Josiee Simlero, profitenti sacras literas in ecclesia Ti- guriiia, amico veteri et sin gulari. EPISTOLA XLI. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Oppor'tunus nuncius si nen esset, carissime BuUingere, nihil re- scripsissem hoc tempore ; nunc enim minus vacat, quam unquam alias. Explorando, extirpande errores et vitia totes dies sum occupatus. De Scotia nihil certi habeo ; sed quod audio, narrabit Julius. Ipse erit pro fasce literarum vobis omnibus. Salutat te uxor mea. Vale. 23 Maii, ex itinere, Thetfordiae. Ais te scripsisse de conciUis et misisse ad me duos libros, quos nondum vidi : sed spero tamen ad meas manus perventuros. Si tuus Christephorus venerit in AngUam, ei gratificabor quacunque in re possum. Julius fuit mecum, in cujus gratiam scripsi Oxonium. Signiferi vestri filium audio esse apud Bedfordiensem. Cum venero Londinum, eum ad me arcessam, et Tigurinum Tigurino more tractabo. Tigurinis omnibus 58 JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. omnia faustissima precor. Mea vos omnes. Iterum vale. Scripsi ad te mense Martio. Tuus, J0H:ANNES PARKHURSTUS, INSCRIPTIO. ' Nordovicensis. D. Henrico Bullingero, Tisuri. EPISTOLA XLII. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Humanissimas tuas literas 23 Junii scriptas accepi ultimo Augusti, doctissime BuUingere. Quae quantum milii animum addidere, quan tum inflammarint, ut in functione mea alacris sim et fortis in Domino, haud facUe dixere : tu hujusmodi calcaribus subinde me instiges oro. Equo tardigrade admovenda calcaria. Dominus cenvertat aut centerat quinque Palaestinoram satrapias, quse piis molestias exhibere non desinuut! Quod Burcherus a putido illo scorte, facto divortio, sit avulsus, gaudeo; quod aliam duxerit, felix illi faustumque sit. De Burchero Burcherique rebus ad Burcherum nunc scribo. Ab illo cetera disces. Ubiqiiitistis melierem mentem opto, si mode mentem habeant, cum sint et amentes et dementes; quos facile debeUabitis tu et dominus Martyr. Sed novi gloriosoram ingenium. Victi non cedent ; at nisi resipuerint, vincet eos Christus, vinciet et Satanas. Dominus Palatinum Eheni et Hessuni suo Spiritu corroberet, et incolumes diu servet ! Cetera narrabit tibi JiJius, qui fuit multorum non tantum araitus, sed et oculatus testis. Resaluta nostro nomine optimam tuam uxorem, filios, filias, generos, D. Martyrem, D. Gesnerum, Wolfium et omnes. Mea vos omnes. Raptim, Ludhamiae, 1 Septembris, 1561. Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, Nordovicensis. Omnibus verbi ministris per totam SufFolciam et Norfolciam in manda tis dedi, ut tuas conciones in Apocalypsin sibi comparent vel Latine vel AngUce. In nostram enim vernaculam linguam transtulit Johannes Daus, vir bonus et doctus, ludimoderator in urbe Ypsvico. Iterum vale, et valeant Tigurini. INSCRIPTIO. Clarissimo viro D. Henrico Bullingero, Tiguri. XLIII.] JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 59 EPISTOLA XLIII. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. Salutem plurimam in Cliristo. Gratissimse mihi fuerunt Uterae tuce, mi pater, non solum quod essent a te, cujus omnia mihi debent esse, ut sunt, gratissima, verum etiam quod omnem statum renascentis in Gallia reUgionis luculentissime describerent ; quodque ego me, cum eas leo-e- rera, et te ita prope abesse scirem, propius etiam aUquanto te audire, et propius tecum colloqui arbitrarer. Nam quamvis res GalUcae ad nos rumoribus, ut fit, et nuntUs adferebantur ; tamen et certiores, et multo etiam jucundiores visae sunt, quod a te scriberentur, ab iUo praesertim, quem ego scirem partem iUarum fuisse maximam. Quod scribis, illos qui rerum potiuntur, omnino velle mutationem in religione aliquam fieri non tam studio et amore pietatis, quam quod papistarum ineptias vi deant nimis esse ridiculas, quodque nen putent populum aUter posse in officio contineri; quicquid est, quacunque causa ista fiant, modo praedi- catur Christus, elVe 7rpo(j)da-ei, e'lTC dXrideta, kui iv tovtud yaipo), dwd KOI yaprieropai. Tamen fieri non potest, quin disputatio ilia vestra multum et evangelium promoverit, et adversarios adflixerit. Quod au tem scribis, interim quoddam a quibusdam et farraginem relicrienis quaeri, Deus id avertat ! Scio omnes in republica magnas mutatienes odiosas et graves esse, et multa saepe a principibus temporis causa tolerari ; atque iUud fortasse ab initio non fuit incommedum : nunc vero, postquam erupit lux omnis evangeUi, quantum quidem fieri potest, vestigia ipsa erroris una cum ruderibus, utque aiunt, cum pulvisculo auferenda sunt. Quod utinam nos in ista XwoaroXia obtinere potuisse- mus! nam in dogmatis prorsus omnia ad vivum resecavimus, et ne unguem quidem latum absumus a doctrina vestra. De ubiquitate enim nihil est hic periculi. Ibi tantum audiri ista possunt, ubi saxa sapiunt. De Orothete autem tuo an ego me tibi dicam agere gratias ? Equidem non dubito, quin ipse ilie quem notas, si sapit, se multum tibi debere putet. Sed fortasse colUget animos, et patrocinabitur suo Pantacho, et sese para- bit ad respondendum, et teque tuumque Palaemonem repudiabit. Laudes illas, quas tu mihi ita cumulate tribuis, non agnosco. Eas tuas potius esse scio, et tibi uni proprie convenire. Tamen, ut ait iUe, jucundum est aba te laudari, mi pater, laudato viro. Erat illud non tam judicii testi monium, quam amoris erga me tui ; cui ego, etsi non aliis rebus, tamen amore certe respondebo. Apud nos de religione omnia sunt pacata. Episcopi Mariani ser vant turrim, et antiquum obtinent. Quod si leges aeque nunc vigerent, atque olim sub Henrico, facile succumberent. Est genus hominum cen- tumax et indomitum: ferro tamen et metu vincitur. Edidimus nuper 60 JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. apologiam de mutata religione et discessione ab ecclesia Romana. Eum ego Ubrum, etsi dignus non est qui mittatur tam procul, tamen ad te mitto. Est multis in locis vitiosus, qualia sunt ea fere omnia, quae apud nos excuduntur; tanta est typographorum nostrorum negUgentia. Regina nostra prorsus decrevit, nolle mittere ad concilium : quod an ullum aut uspiam sit, nos nescimus. Certe si uspiam aut ullum est, perarcanura et valde obscurum est. Nos nunc cogitamus pubUcare cau sas, quibus inducti ad conciUum non veniamus. Ego quidem sic statue et sentio, istis cengressionibus et coUoquUs nihil posse promoveri hoc tempore, nee Deum velle uti istis mediis ad propagandum evangelium. Regina nostra, magno nostro cum dolore, innupta manet; neque adhuc quid velit sciri potest : tametsi, quo suspiciones nostrse inclinent, satis te jamdudum scire arbitror. Suecus, diutumus procus et valde assiduus, nuper admodum dimissus est. IUe, accepta repulsa, minatur, quantum audio, in Scotiam ; ut, cum apud nos haerere nen possit, sal tem possit in vicinia. Est mulier quaedam nobilis, domina Margareta, neptis Henrici ectavi, muUer supra modum infensa reUgioni, supra etiam rabiem Marianam. Ad ejus filium, juvenem plus minus ectedecim annos natura, summa rerum judicatur spectare, si quid Elizabethae, quod nolimus, quodque Deus avertat, accidat. Ejus mulieris maritus, Leenesius Scotus, proximis istis diebus conjectus est in turrim. Filium aiunt vel ablegatum esse a matre, vel profagisse in Scotiam. De eo, ut solet fieri, sermo est multiplex. Regina Scotiae, ut scis, innupta est : potest inter illos convenire aUquid de nuptiis. Quicquid est, credibile est, papistas aliquid moliri : sperant enim adhuc nescio quid, nen minus quam Judsei Messiam suum. Nuntius pontificis haeret adhuc in Flandria : nondum enim impetrare potest fidem publicam, ut tuto veniat in AngUam. Episcopus Aquilanus, legatus PhUippi, astu- tus et callidus veterator, et factus ad insidias, satagit, quantum potest, ejus causa ; saltem, ut audiatur ; ne tam procul frustra venerit : sperat enim uno coUoquio aliquid, nescio quid, posse fieri. Est puella qusedam nobiUs, domina Catherina, ducis Sufiblciensis filia, ex sanguine regie, eoque nominatim scripta ab Henrico octavo in testamento, ut si quid accidisset, quarto loco Succederet. Ex ea comes Herfordiensis, juvenis, ducis Somersetensis filius, suscepit filium, ut multi putant, ex stupre, sed ut ipsi dicunt, ex legitimis nuptiis : se enim clam inter se contraxisse, et advocate sacrificulo, et paucis quibusdam arbi- tris, junxisse nuptias. Ea res turbavit animos multorum : nam si sunt veroa nuptiae, puer, qui susceptus est, alltur ad spem regni. 0 nos mise- ros, qui nen possumus scire, sub quo domino victuri simus ! Deus nobis Elizabetham, spero, diu vivam et incolumem conservabit. Id nobis erit satis. Tu, mi pater, ora Deum, ut rempublicam nosti-am et ecclesiam conservet. Vale, mi pater, vale. Vale, dulce decus meum. XLin.] AD PETRU.M MARTYREM. 61 Saluta meo nomine uxorem tuam, D. BulUngeram, D. Gualterum, D. Lavateram, D. ZuingUum, D. HaUerum, D. Wickium, D. Gesnerum, D. Frisium, D. Wolphium, Julium, Juliam, et MartyriUum. SaUsberiae, 7 Febr. 1562, ex AngUa. Tui nominis studiosissimus, JO. JUELLUS, Anglus. P. S. Regina Elisabetha omnem nostram menetam auream argente- amque ad pristinam probitatem restituit, et puram putamque reddidit; opus plane regium, quodque tu mireris tam brevi tempore potuisse fieri. INSCRIPTIO. Viro longe doctissimo, D. Petro Martyri Vermilio, professori sacra theologiee in schola Tigurina, domino suo co lendissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA XLIV. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. S. Pl. Vix quicquam nunc superest, clarissime vir et domine in Christe colendissime, quod ad te scribam : omnia enim, quse opus erant, quaeque scribenti occurrebant, perscripsi diUgenter ad D. Petram Marty rem. Taraen quicquid est, pro observantia et amore erga te mee, non possum te insalutatum dimittere, saltem ut intelligas me vivere, et pro tuis maximis erga me plurimisque meritis memorem esse tui. Parkhurstura, Sandum, Leverum, Elmerura, Samsenem biennium jam totum non vidi, nee iUi me. Tamen nihil dubitio, iUos omnes erga te, tuosque, vestrosque adeo omnes, ea esse voluntate, qua debent. Ex Scotia nihil ad nos adfertur novi : nisi religionem ibi et secundis animis recipi, et constanter defendi, et in singules dies latius propagari. Reginam tamen Scotiae missam suam adhuc aiunt retinere. Deus iUi, spero, aliquando aperiet oculos : est enim alioqui, uti dicitur, mulier non mala. Utinam prorsus exuerit omnes spiritus atque animos Letharingicos ! Apud nos omnia sunt pacata. Episcopi quidam pauci, qui superioribus istis temporibus Marianis insani erant, non possunt adhuc tam brevi tem pore satis verecunde redire ad sanitatem. Itaque asservantur in turri, ne contagione sua inficiant alios. Papa clam palamque molitur quantum M\: 62 JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. potest. Ante quatuordecim menses ad Reginam EUzabetham misit nun- cium : is quoniam nondum etiam recipi potest in Angliam, haeret adhuc in Flandria. Sperant adhuc aUquid posse effici ; nondum omnes ineptiarum suaram radices evulsas esse ; esse adhuc aliquos, quos non dubitent esse suarum partium. Sed quid ego ista? ea enim omnia ad D. Petrum, ut dixi, scripsi fusius. D. Johannem Schneider, juvenem Ulum vestram Tigurinum, ex que JuUus noster discessit ex Anglia, nunquam vidi. Nee mirum ; longe enim gentium absumus. Tamen ilium ante aUquot menses audivi satis commode agere : quod si quid opus erit, et ego ejus rationes scire potero, dabo diUgenter operam, ne quid illi a me desit. Id ego et humanitati tuag et Tigurinae civitati debeo, et me debere profiteer. Nonnihil miror, Burcherum nostrum ad nos ante hoc tempus non venisse : scripsit enim se venturum ; et ex Uteris videbatur esse in itinere. Ego illi valde cupio, et tuae dominatieni ejus nomine ago gratias. Deus vos omnes, et te, mi pater, imprimis, et ecclesiam rempubUcam- que vestram conservet incolumem : et si quis est, qui vobis male veUt, det illi breve vivere et parum posse. Scriberem plura, si occurrerent plura digna quae tam procul scriberentur. Saluta optimam iUam feminam, uxorem tuam, D. Gualterum, D. Josiam Simlerum, D. Lavaterum, D. ZuingUum, D. Hallerum, D. Gesnerum, D. Volphium, D. Vickium, D. Frisium, D. Henricum BuUingerum, filium tuum, optimum juvenem. Etsi nuUus nostrum est mecum, tamen ego te non dubito omnium illo rum nomine salutari ; scio enim illos de tua deminatione, uti debent, quam honorificentissime cogitare. Vale, mi pater, et domine colendis sime : et si quid ego aut sum aut possum, id omne puta esse tuum. Sarisberiae, 9 Februar. an. 1562. Tuse deminationi deditissimus, JOHANNES JUELLUS, Anglus. EPISTOLA XLV. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. S. Pl. in Christo. Quid ego nunc ad te scribam, mi Josia? nova enim omnia quae erant, imo etiam fortasse quse non erant, jam antea conjeci in eas literas quas scripsi ad D. BulUngerum et ad D. Petrum Martyrem. Crambe autem, uti scis, bis pesita mors est. Putidum autem esset Vetera et obsoleta scribere. Nihil ergo ego ad te ? Johannes ad Josiam ? Juellus ad Simlerum ? Amicissimus ad amicissimum ? Scribam certe, saltem ut intelUgas me vivere, et te tuosque omnes in oculis gerere, XLV.] JOHANNES JUELLUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. 63 et nec spatia locorum nee intervalla temporum mihi ex animo eximere potuisse e"i(iiXa iUa multo jucundissima Josietatis tuae. Quod mihi -de Julio tuo meoque agis gratias, ego tibi vicissim ejus ipsius causa ago gratias. Ego quidera Julio meo cupio et volo, quantumque possum pro mea ex- iguitate polUceor me illi velle commedare ; idque me illi et sua et multo maxime D. Petri causa debere ingenue profiteer. Tibi vere, mi suavissime Josia, de omni tua humanitate quantum debeam, nihil dico. Hoc solum te scire velim, ex quo tempore te primum novi, me et fuisse seraper, et esse, et semper fore tuum. Vale, mi carissime Josia atque optime, vale. Saluta uxorem tuam, ejusque sorores, et matrem, D. BulUngerum, D. Gualterum, D. Lavateram, D. Lupum, D. ZuingUum, D. Hallerum, D. Vickium, D. Frisium. Iterum, mi Josia, vale. Sarisberise, 10 Febraarii, 1562. Tuus in Domino, JOHANNES JUELLUS, Anglus. INSCRIPTIO. Viro doctissimo D. Josiee Simlero, profi tenti sacras literas in schola Tigurina, amico suo carissimo. Tisuri. EPISTOLA XLVI. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salvus sis in Christe, clarissime BuUingere ! Objicis meis con- terraneis AngUs ingratitudinem, quod nihil ad vos dent literarum. Et vereor ne idem crimen mihi impingas, quia superioribus nundinis nihil ad te scripserim. Mi BuUingere, quidvis potius mihi impingas, quam ingratitudinem. Mihi crede, raaUm non esse quam esse ingratus. Quod non scripserim, morbo, eique valde periculoso, imputes, nen mihi. Egone Tigurinerum meemm oblivisci possum ? Non possum, dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos reget artus. Et ne vestri eblitum crederet.s, (quia per valetudinem scribere non potui,) misi aUquid ad vos. Si unquam primitias persolvero, et ex aere aUeno me extricavere, sentietis, quis et qualis sit vester Parkhurstus. Fratres meos episeopos, et alios quos ingratitudinis accusas, nec immerito, satis acerbe satisque impenose (tametsi ilU dixerlnt satis pro imperio,) coram tractabo. Nec interea temporis cessabunt ad iUos meae literae: amanuensem enim habeo, qui 64 JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. Anglice scribat, et non Latine. Tu interim, optime BulUngere, de con- terraneis meis dicas bene, tametsi mereantur audire male. Ago gratias pre libro, quem ais te misisse ad me elucubratum hac hyeme centra Brentium. At nondum recepi : brevi recepturus spero. Dominus Brentii et Lutheranorum omnium oculos aperiat, ne in tanta luce caUgine opprimantur ! Fabritii signiferi vestri filium nondum vidi. Intra triduum arcessam etiam Nordovicum ; nam ultro ad me venire fortassis recusat. Gratissimus adveniet, nec omnino indenatus abibit. Si canis Tigurinus ad me commearet, (nullum tamen novi prseter Gualteri Wartloeum,) plurimi facerem, nec canino more tractarem. Hsec breviter ad binas tuas literas. ReUgio apud nos in eo statu est, quo antea, statu' inquam won omnino centemnendo. Sed ego spero aliqua meliora in proximis cemitiis. Sunt in Anglia multi beni viri et spiritu ferventes ; sunt multi nimium frigidi ; sunt et tepidi nen pauci, quos Dominus ex ore suo evomet. Sed ut nihil apud te dissimulem, metue ne multa mala nostris capitibus impendeant. Omnes enira fere avaritise student, omnes diligunt munera. Nulla Veritas, nulla benefi- centia, nulla Dei cognitie. Maledicere et mentiri et occidere et furari et moechari perruperunt. Et quod Empedocles de suis Agrigentinis dixit, hoc ego dicam de meis Anglis : Angli sic indulgent voluptatibus, quasi postridie morituri ; sic aedificant, quasi semper victuri. At faxit Deus, ut ex anime pcenitentiam agamus ! Bene vale, suavissime BuUingere. Saluta mee nomine optimara tuam conjugem, fiUes, fiUas, generos omnes doctos, raagistratus, et amicos meos omnes. Pre vestra republica fundo ad Deum preces nocte dieque. Iterum vale. Mea vos omnes. Raptim. Ludhamiae, 28 ApriUs, 1562. Tuus e.x animo, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, INSCRIPTIO. Nordovicensis. Clarissimo viro D. Henrico Bullingero. Tisuri. EPISTOLA XLVII. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERl.'M ET LUDOVICUM LAVATERUM. QuARB ad vos proximis nundinis non scripserim, ex D. Gualtero discetis. Religio in Anglia et Scotia satis feUciter procedit. Pau- cissima sunt, quse ego improbare ausim. Meliora speramus in proximis XLVII.] JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM, &C.' 65 coraitiis. Tantura mihi displicet vita Anglorum evangeUo nen consona. Nunquam prsedicatum est apud nos evangeUum aut sincerius aut dUi- gentius. Dominus donet nobis suum Spiritum, ut quae Spiritus sunt, sectemur, facta autem camis mertificemus ! Regina nostra brevi Eboracum profectura est, quo etiam sese recipiet Scotiae regina. Ovis in Essexia non ita pridem prodidit liomicidam, quemadmodum corvi in Helvetia. Unde nobis prodit Tilmannus ilie Hellhusius? Fortassis e domo infernali, unde nomen sortitus videtur. Laudo populum Rheticum, quod antichristum non agnoscunt suum patrem. De operibus Qilcolampadii scribam ad Froschoverum. Vestrum erit quae Germanica sunt Latinitate donare ; quemadmodum tu, mi Josia, superiori anno fecisti, qui libros BulUngeri contra anabaptistas et. articulos Bava^ ricos Latines reddidisti in magnum studioserum omnium commodum. Salutate meo nomine vestras uxores, feminas honestissimas, ZuingUum, Wolphium, Hallerum, Wickium, Frisium, PelUcanum, Guldebeckium, omnes BulUngeros cum uxoribus omnium, denique omnes meos amicos Tigurinos. Valete, amici integerrimi, et me, quod facitis, amare pergite. Nihil ad te, Lavatere, adhuc misi, missurus proxima hyeme, si non hac sestate, Deo volente. Valete. Raptim. Ludhamiae, 29 ApriUs, 1562. Dominus omnes Tigurinos servet I Mea vos omnes. Vester quantuscunque est, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, INSCRIPTIO. Nordovicensis. Humanissimis viris Josiee; Simlero, et L. Lavatero. Tisuri. EPISTOLA XLVIII. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salve, humanissime BuUingere. Librum tuum contra Brentium recepi 16 Maii : quem nondum legi ; dedi enim bibliepolse compin- gendum. Sed legam intra pauculos hosce dies, quamprimum remi- aerit bibUopola Nordovicensis. Pro eo ago gratias ingentes. Obsecro, ut ad me semper mittas doctissimas tuas lucubrationes : nihil mihi gra tius facere poteris. Storaeus, homo leguleius et papista impudentissimus, in partibus AngUse occidentalibus, more auUco vestitus, est captus, ut audio: nihil enim praeter auditum habeo. Fabritius 15 Maii ad me venit, quem ut Tigurinum et ut meipsum tracto. Doleo ilium diutius Mecum non mansuram. Malim eum aliquot menses, imo aliquot annos *5 66 JOHANNES TARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. mecum detinere, quam aliquot dies. Loquor cum eo Latine, Anglice et (quod tu mireris) Gennanice : miratur et ilie, me tam bene posse Ger- manizare. Vertigo capitis adhuc me non reliquit, sed mitius aliquantulo sese habet. Cetera ex Gualtero. Scripsi circa finem ApriUs Uteras afl te, ad D. Martyrem, D. Gesnerum, D. Gualterum, Lavateram, Simleram, Julium et Froschoverum, quas spero vos accepisse. D. Gualteras Had- donus ante triduum mecum pransus est, homo doctus et ipius. Salutem tibi jussit adscribi, et D. Martyri et aUis. Saluta meo nomine tuos omnes. Omnia prospera opto Tigurinis omnibus. Vale, carissime Bul- lingere, et me, quod facis, ama, et Deum pro me ora. Raptim. Lud hamiae, 25 Maii, 1562. Mea vos omnes. Obsignavi has Uteras ultimo Maii, 1562. Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, Nordovicensis. INSCRIPTIO. Clarissimo viro D. Henrico Bullingero. Tiguri. E-PISTOLA XLIX, RICARDUS COXUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. Videtur mihi nimis longum intercessisse temporis intervaUum, quod mutuis Uteris nos salutaverimus : quanquam fateri cogor, me a te ac cepisse literas, ex quo ad te quicquam scripserira. Interim tamen ex te una cum aliis veluptaitem magnam capio, quod adeo strenue indefes- seque operaris in vinea Domini ad propagationem atque aedificationem ecelesiae Dei in hoc seculo nequam. Laboris tui gustum suavissimum subinde accipio non sine delectatione et fructu. Haud ita pridem in tue Judicum Ubro versatus sum, quem tu humanissime ad mc misisti; exspecteque commentaria, quae in libros Regum es polUcitus, ut ssepius cum meo Petro versari possim, dum in ejus scriptis Ubere expatiari queam. Pensare tuam erga me benevolentiam non est penes me. In terim tamen misi ad te ¦per D. Springamum viginti coronatos vel ali quam grati animi significationem. Scio te aequi boni consulturam. Si de nostra conditione quicquam nevisse juvat, cum hominum in genia et inconstantiam perpendimus cum verbi vel contemptum vel piae vitae neglectum spectamus ; vix verbi in hisce regionibus diuturnitatem sperare audemus. Ingens est ubique papistaram numerus, larvatus tamen XLIX.] RICARDUS COXUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. 6^ pro aUqua parte, quietus etiam hactenus, nisi quod clanculariis concili- abulis sues fovent errores, et ad verbi auditionem aures libenter obstra- unt. Cum vero Dei imraensam bonitatem consideramus, quae nos ad sedes patrias revocavit, et verbi cursum fecit liberum, ejusque minis terium nobis credidit, animos erigimus, et spem alimus firmam, non nos iteram desertum iri a tam pio Patre. Proinde pergamus animo forti atque robusto ilU inservire, curam omnem et rerum successum in ilium conjicientes. Capita cleri nostri papistici adhuc in carcere clauduntur. Huraa- niter quidem traetantur, sed de papismo nihil remittunt. AUi libere degunt sparsi in variis regni partibus, at sine functione tamen, nisi clanculum fortassis suae impietatis semina jaciant. Scoti vicini nos tri evangelium (gratia sit Deo !) feUciter prevehunt. Mirifice animos erigunt papistae ex tumultu in GalUa. Deus pro solita sua benitate diUgentibus ipsum omnia vertat in bonum, defendat suos, hestiumque ferociam brevi contundat! Amen. Quid vero agatur in istis vestris regionibus, maxime quod ad Christi regnum attinet, avide cupimus cog noscere. Domuius Jesus te nobis diutissime servet incolumem ! Salu tabis meo nomine D. Henricum BuUingerum, virum omni observantia dignissimum. Salutamus te ¦tuamque ego ineaque. Londini, .5 Augusti, 1562. Tuus in Christo frater, RICARDUS COXUS, Episcopus EUensis. Adhuc nemo retundit ferocientem Hesiura. INSCRIPTIO. Amico meo plurimum observando D. D. Petro Martyri, dwinarum literarum professori in schola Tigurina. EPISTOLA L. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salutem plurimam in Christo. Redditae mihi sunt nen ita pridem literse tuae, scriptae Tiguri ad quintum diem Martii : quae quamvis essent miten-Kl/ipoipot et querulse, tamen mihi perjucundse videbantur ; nen tantum quod a te essent, cujus omnia scripta dictaque mihi semper visa sunt honorifica, sed etiam quod officium meum ita obnixe requirerent, et meam in scribendo negUgentiam et secordiam excitarent. Ego vero, mi pater, et domine colendissime, etsi minus fortasse ad te saepe scribo *5— 2 68 JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. quam veUm, tamen quoties occasio aliqua off'ertur, ne hoc quidem offi cium intermitto. Binas enim dedi nuper ad te literas, alteras Franco fordiam ad nundinas Martias, alteras statim a paschate. Quae si adhuc, ut fit, subsistant forte in itinere, tamen expedient se aliquando, et pos tremo, uti spero, ad te pervenient. Ego interim de te cogitare, et ho norifice, ut debeo, de te loqui nimquam desino. De GaUicis rebus ad te scribere hoc tempore, esset fortasse putidum^ omnia enim ad vos etiam sine ventis et navibus afleruntur. Sanctissimus nihil relinquet intentatum. Flectere si nequeat superos, Acheronta move- bit: videt enim jam nen agi de reduviis, sed de vita et sanguine. Utinam ne nostri sese patiantur circumveniri ! Dux Guisanus, ut, nescio qua spe moderandae reUgionis et recipiendae Cenfessionis Augustanae, moratus est principes Germaniae, ne se admiscerent huic bello ; ita omnibus modis persuadere conatus est reginae nostrae, non agi nunc in GaUia negotium reUgionis; esse manifestam conjurationem, causam esse regis, cui iUam, cura regium locum teneat, non oporteat adversari. Interea id egit, ut neptis sua, regina Scotiae, ambiret gratiam atque amicitiam regina? nostrae, et munuscula mitteret, et nescio quas fides daret : velle se hac aestate honoris causa venire in Angliam ; et seteriumi amicitise foedus, quod nunquam postea convelU possit, veUe sancire. Misit ea adaman- tem maximi pretii, geramara pulcherrimam, undique vestitam auro, et cemmendatam pulchro et eleganti carmine. Quid quaeris ? Putabant festivis coUoquiis, et venationibus, et blanditiis, animos nostros abduei facile posse a strepitu bellico, et consopiri. Interea regina nostra, cum suboderata esset rem omnem, et quid ageretur intelligeret, (neque enim id erat adeo difficile,) mutare consilium de profectione, a Guisanis pau- latim alienari, et ad principera Condensem non ebscure inclinare. Tulit id Guisanus indigne, consilia sua non procedere ; accepit contumeliose legatum nostrum, proposuit edicta pubUce, reginam AngUae insidias fa cere regno Galliarum, et solam istos tumultus concitasse. Ista regina nostra patienter ferre non potuit, nec sane debuit. Statim aperte agere, legatum, uti audio, revocare, miUtem scribere, navibus omnibus, undecun- que atque ubieunque essent, et suis et alienis vela toUere, ne quis exire posset, et quid ageretur nuntiare. O si ea id antea facere veluisset, aut si nunc principes Germanite hoc exemplum sequi veUent ! FaciUus et minori jactura sanguinis christiani tota res posset transigi. Et Regina quidem misit hoc tempore in Germaniam ad principes; et nunc in aula legatus a Guisano, cum novis, ut opinor, blanditiis, ut nos nio- retur et impediat. Sed non ita erit facile, spero, imponere videntibus. Res Scotiae de reUgione satis sunt pacatae. Regina sola missam suam retinet invitis omnibus. IncredibiUs fuit hoc anno toto apud nos eoeli atque aeris intemperies. Nec sol, nec luna, nec hyems, nec ver, nec cestas, nec autumnus, satisfecit officium suum. Ita affatim et pene L.J AD HENRICUJI BULLINGERUM. 69 sine intermissione pluit, quasi facere jam aliud coelum non queat. Ex hac contagione nata sunt menstra: infantes fcediim in modum defor- matis cerporibus, aUi prorsus sine capitibus, alii capitibus aUenis ; alii trunci sine brachiis, sine tibiis, sine cruribus ; alii ossibus soUs cohaeren- tes, prorsus sine ulUs camibus, quales fere imagines mortis pingi soient. SimiUa aUa complura nata sunt e porcis, ex equabus, e vaccis, e gal- linis. Messis hoc tempore apud nos angustius quidem prevenit, ita tamen ut non possimus multum conqueri. Sarisberiae, 14 Auo-usti 1562. ^ ' Tuus in Christe, JO. JUELLUS, Anglus. INSCRIPTIO. Ornatissimo viro, domino Henrico Bullingero, summo pastori eccle- sies Tigurinee, domino suo colen-. dissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA LI. JOHANNES: JUELLUS AD PETRUM MARTYREM. • S. Pl. in Christo. Scripsi ad te et seorsim ad D. BulUngerum statim a paschate. Eas spero jam pridem esse redditas. Nam de su perioribus, quas misi Francofordiam ad nundinas Martias, et curavi red- dendas Froschovero juniori, quin ad te aUosque pervenerint, nihil dubito. Tamen D. BuUingerus videtur mihi in Uteris suis nescio quid de negU gentia nostra conqueri. Ex ee tempore allatae sunt a te ad me literae datse Tiguri ad quartum diem Martii, quae quam mihi gratae et ju- cundfe fuerint, tu potes facile pro mea erga te observantia et amore perpetuo judicare. Etsi enim ea quae scribebas essent jam satis Vetera et pene obsoleta, (Uterae enim illse tuse vix ad me pervenire potuerant ante 27 diem Junii, anhelantes jam et lassse de via,) tamen in ilUs vide bar mihi te agnoscere, et audire vecem tuam, et suavissime tecum coUe- pi. Te incolumem atque alacrem rediisse e Galiiis, et integram corporis finnitatem et valetudinem retinere, pro eo ac debeo valde gaudeo. Quod ad me scribebas, cum jam tum esses in Galiiis, non tibi videri spectare ad arma, neque aUa ratione posse transigi, id nunc nimium vere re ipsa videmus accidisse. Dominus Deus Sabaoth exsurgat aU quando, et pessundet ac dissipet hostes suos ; nostris autem fratribus, qui ilium sancte colunt, addat animos ! Dux Guisanus, hostis potens, et jam setate atque usu reram caUidus, nihil tam ambire videtur, quam flpinionem de se bonam. Itaque ante aUquot dies nuntii et literae pas- 70 JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. sim voUtabant; addebantur munuscula qusedam honoraria; et omnibus modis gratia et bonse existimationis usura quserebatur. Sic scilicet sperabat fucum hominibus simpUcibus posse fieri. Quicquid est, apud nos non successit. Nos enim jam conscripsimus militem, armavimus classem, stamus in procinctu, ut si quid opus erit, eamus subsidio. Adversarii omnes, quicunque sunt apud nos egregii aut alicujus notae, jussi sunt conqueri et asservari, ne quid neceant. Utinam vestri etiam principes et respubUcae aUquando expergefiant, et cogitent causam esse communem ; se quoque involvi posse, nisi caveant ne nimium diu otiose spectare velint quid agant alii. Res eo loco nunc est, ut cunctando nec restitui possit nec retineri. Sed Dii iUi vestri selecti Tridentini quid? an repente obmutuerunt? O sanctos patres et magna mundi lumina ! Tanto tempore, septendecim jam totis mensibus, ne verbum quidem ? Atqui sanctissimus jamdudum exspectarat d-rroBeaa-iv, et fortasse ab ilUs putat sibi injuriam fieri. D. Balduinus scribit ad me magnopere probari sibi nostram in mutanda reUgione moderationem, seque daturum operam, (putat enim se posse aUquid,) ut simiUs ratio obtineat in regno GaUise ; aKpi/Setav autem iUam sibi vestram et Geuevensium non placere. Est in ea re, ut mihi quidem videtur,, iniquier D. Calvine, nimium fortasse memor veteris simultatis. Petrus Alexander laborat Londini e podagra, bonus vir et jara senio non nihil debilitatus. Hermannus tuus est mine apud me: transmisit ad nos e Galiiis, quod ibi videret istis tumultibus, quibus antea non assueverat, studia sua impediri. O quoties nos inter nos de te, de D. Bullingero, de uxore tua, de tota familia, deque universe Tiguro, quam suaviter et quanta cum veluptate coUoqui- mur ! Est mihi iUius convietus jucundissimus : est enim, ut scis, juvenis bonus et perhumanus, et literarum bonarum admodum studiosus. Res nostrse de reUgione recte habent. Papistse obstinatieres nunc sunt quam unquam antea. Pendent sciUcet ab eventu rerum Galhca- rum. Nos viginti jam dies e GalUa nihil audimus. Sunt alia qusedam pauca : sed ea scribo prolixius ad D. BulUngerum, quem video literas nostras avidissime legere, et de illaram intermissione nullo meo merito mecum conqueri. Mitto ad te decem coronatos GalUcos, quos tue et D- BuUingeri arbitratu insumi cupio in coenam in vestro hypocausto publicam, ad quam de mere ministri eeclesiarum, et juvenes studiosi, aUique quos videbitur, convecentur. Mitto ad Julium meum coronatos GaUicos viginti, quos cum esset proximo in Anglia pollicitus iUi sum in annos singulos: alios etiam octo coronates, et nescio quos praeterea bazienes, hoc est solidos Anglicos quinquaginta, quos vix tamen expressi ab Annae socero. Vale, mi pater et domine in Christe colendissime. Saluta quseso optimam illam mulierem, uxorem tuam, D. BulUngerum, D. Gualte rum, D. Lavaterum, D. Simlerum, D. Volphium, D. ZuingUum, D. Ges- LI.] AS PETRUM MARTYREM;. Yl nerum, D, Vickium, D. Halleram, D. Frisium, D. Franciscum, et sua vissimum puerum Martyrillran, meo nomine. Sarisberise, 14 die Augusti, 1562. Tuo nomini deditissimus, JOHANNES JUELLUS, Anglus. INSCRIPTIO. Viro longe doctissimo D. Petro Martyri Vermilio, projitenti sacras literas in schola Tigurina, domino suo colen dissimo. EPISTOLA LII. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. Si Pl. in Christo. Hermannus tuus nunc tandem, mi Josia, factus est meus, prorsus, inquam, et Krtja-ei et xp'1'^^' meus. Quo pacto ? in quies. Dicam. AUuvione: appuUt enim Sarisberiam ad octavum diem Julii, cum se e tumultibus GaUicis vix eripuisset, O quoties nos inter nos de toto statu reipublicae Tigurinae, imprimis vere de Josia nostro, coUoquimur! Prorsus nunc fruor iUis dulcissimis sermonibus, ques, ut verum fateor, tihi antea subinvidebam. Quod si tu esses una, nihU posset esse dul- cius, animo quidem meo nihil optabilius, modo ut podagram illam tuam lieUnquas domi. Crede mihi, mi Josia, etsi nobis dolori sunt esseque debent dolores tui, tamen videmus interdum, cum de te cogitamus, teque ante oculos nostros ita constituimus, hominem senem, vietum, incurvum, obstipo corpore, nitentem scipionibus, trahentem alteram pedem, et mol- liter, ac deUcate prementem terram. Miramur etiam nonnihil, quomodo te podagra capere potuerit, cum tu semper ita fueris juvenis impiger atque alacer, ilia autem vetula ita ignava et deses. . Eegina Scotiae, neptis ducis Guisani, proximis istis diebus, cum am biret gratiam atque amicitiam reginse nostrae, misit ad eam adamantem, gemmam pulcherrimam et summi pretu, inclusam et fixam in aurea lamina, et cemmendatam blande et eleganti carmine. Illud ego carmen ad te mitto, ut intelligas verum esse, quod oUm dicere solebat Ludovi cus, si bene memini, undecimus: Qui nescit simulare, nescit regnare. Vale, mi Josia, vale. Saluta uxorem tuam, feminam lectissimam, D. Gual- twm, D. Volfium, D, ZuingUum, D. HaUerum, D. Vickium, D. Frisium, .72 JOHANNES' JUELLUS AD JOSIjVM' SIMLERUM. [ePIST. D. Guldebeckum, quam potes diUgentiSsime, meo nomine. D. Hermannus te salutat. Sarisberiae, 18 Augusti, 1562. Tuus in Cliristo, JOHANNES JUELLUS, Anglus. INSCRIPTIO. D. Josiee Simlero, profitenti sacras literas in schola Tigurina, viro doctissimo et amico suo longe carissimo. EPISTOLA LIII. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Literas tuas scriptas 22 Junii recepi sub initium Augusti. Editus est apud nos libeUus, cui titulus Apologia ecelesiae AngUcanae ; in quo ostenditur, cur discesserimus a papa ad Christum, et cur recuseraus con cilium Tridentinum. Potest fieri quod duo editi sunt libelU, sed ego tantum ununi hunc vidi. Dedi in mandatis meo famulo, ut Londini quserat vel unum vel utrumque, (si mode duo sint,) et tradat Birkmanno ad Froschoverum hisce nundinis perferendum. Qui habitant Londim, videntur sui officii obliti, qui tales libros ad vos non mittant. Nisi epi scopus Cantuariensis ad me unum misisset, nullum adhuc vidissem. Est in Norfolcia mea venerandus quidem senex, concionator optimus, et ahtiquus antichristi inimicus: in ejus manus pervenit sententia Bren- tiana, quam ubi perlegit, ambabus manibus est amplexus, imo etiam contra aliquos pies et doctos strenue et mordicus defendit. Quod ubi ad meas aures perlatum esset, misi ad eum tuam responsionem, quam mihi dono dedisti ; quam ubi diligenter perlegisset, ad me remisit, agens gratias pri- iiiiim tibi, qui tale scriptum evulgaveris, deinde mihi, quod ad aUquos dies ei mutuo dederim : jam enim valedixit sententise Brentianae, veritatem te auctore amplexus. Crede eum esse fere nenagenarium ; quem nun- quain vidi, nam procul a me abest : equitare minime potest, imo vix in- cedere. In eicclesia cui prseest assidue concionatra-. Si conciones tuas Hieremianas in unum velumen redegeris, recte mee judicio feceris. De classe Reginse et militibus Anglis scripsi ad nostrum Gualte rum ; item de Uteris quas ad me scripsit miser Burcherus. Ante quatuor dies recepi literas a clarissimo Cantuariensi. Summa earum hsec est, ut diligenter omnibus quibus possim rationibus, iis tamen clanculai-iis, dis- quiram, qui et quot sint in mea dioecesi, qui purae reUgioni non faveant, UII.] JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 73 (puto eos suae perfidise daturos poenas.) Quod et sedulo faciam, et quamprimum eos de Christi inimicis certiores reddam. Hoc mi per- placet; ex hoc enim colligo clarissimum Cantuariensem verae reUgioni constanter velle adhserescere. Faxit Dominus ! Saluta meo nomine optimam tuam uxorem, filios, filias, nuras, generos, affines; Halleram, Wolfium, Frisium, ColUnum, Wickium, PelUcanum, Mejeruni, Froschoveros, etc. Mea vos omnes. Cum hsec scripsissem, eece evangelium ad me adfertur, crucem sciUcet et candelabra in capella Reginae esse comniinuta, et, ut quidam retulit, in cinerem redacta. Abeat crux in malam crucem ! Nimium diu ilUc per- stitit, piis id maximopere deplorantibus, papistis nescio quam spem inde concipientibus. Prseterea pseudeepiscopi, qui sunt in turri Londinensi, propediem reddent rationem suse perfidise : sic enim audio. Vale, optime BuUingere. Raptim. Ludhamiae, 20 Augusti, 1562. Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, INSCRIPTIO. Nordovicensis. Clarissimo viro D. Henrico Bullingero. Tiguri. EPISTOLA LIV. 'JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. S. Pl. De D. Petro Martyre etsi dolere nihU prodest, tamen nescio quo pacto dolor ipse jucundus est. Hei mihi ! dignus quidem ilie firit, iUa ingenu raagnitudine, iUa literarum multitudine, ilia pietate, Uiis mo ribus, iUa vita, qui nunquam e vita toUeretur. Sed hoc ego jam antea fore divinabam, ubi primum audissem, hominem id setatis animum adje- cisse ad nuptias. Deus Opt. Max. benigne respiciat ecclesiam suam, et iiU demortue suscipiat aUos. Pauci estis, mi pater, pauci estis, quibus nunc rerum summa nititur ; nam te semper numeravi inter primes. O uti nam semper existant aliqui, quibus possitis hanc lampadem committere! Sed missa ista facio. Hercules vester Tubingensis, monstrerum fabri cator, non domitor, otiose jam triumphat. In toto illo suo regno Ubi- quitario tara amplis spatiis et regionibus miror si possit consistere. Si quid moliri velit in hominem mortuum, et ejus scripta possint ad nos perferri, nisi quis vestrum mihi velit antevertere, ego mearum partium esse puto, quantum negotia mea patientur, ut ilU respondeam ; si nihil aliud, saltem ut inteUigi possit, Angliam et Helvetiam contra istos Ubi- quitarios convenire. 74; JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. Intesritus Guisani Pharaonis, quem hediemo die pro explorato et certo aecipimus, crede mihi, intimum mihi animum et pectus percuUt. Ita erat repentinus, ita opportunus, ita faustus, ita omnem spem atque exspecta tienem nostram superabat. Quid nunc animi putemus esse fratribus nostris ; quos ilia bestia jam cinxerat obsidione, quosque spe et cogita tione prope jam cruentis faucibus devorarat? Sit nomen Domini bene- dictum. Chattilie nunc oppugnat arcem Canensem, et crescit in dies ; et spes bona est adversaries venturos ad conditiones nostras, et omnia ita futura ut velimius. Regjma nostra colUgit miUtem e Germania, et da* stipendiura^ et nihU parcit sumptibus. Nos hoc tempore conventus agimus totius regni, et de reUgione secundis animis tractamus, deque repub&a, et de nervis bellorum, hoc est, de pecunia. E Scotia nunciantur recte omnia. Regina pene sola et pertinaciam animi Guisianam et missam suam retinet, invitis omnibus. Nostra regina superior! autumno laboravit e varieUs, satis cum periculo. Impatiens sestus et taedii se ipsam pene perdiderat. Sed agiraus Deo gratias, qui et 'illam periculo liberavit et nos metu. Quid patercuU ilU vestri Tri dentini et j)apa hydfepicus parturiant, nihil audimus. Fortasse Spiritus sanctus adesse non vult, aut fari non potest. Quicquid est, tanto in conventu, tanta exspectatione, nihil agi mirum est. Ego pest superioris sestatis atque hujus hyemis intemperiem, et aU quot dierum spasmes et catarrhos, jam tandem incipio convalescere. Scripta D. P. Martyris ne intereant, non dubito tibi curse fore : magno illi viro constiterunt, et digna sunt, ut scis, quse magni fiant. Vale, vir omatissime, et frater ac domine in Christo colendissime. Saluta optimam illam muUerem, uxorem^ tuam, fiUos, nurus, D. Gualterum, D. Sunlerum, D. Lavaterum, D. ZuingUum, D. Wickium, D. Wolphium, D. Hallerum, D. Gesnerum, D. Frisium, mee nomine. Dominus te nobis diu servet salvum et incolumem! 5 Martii, 1563. Tuus in Christo, frater et tuo nomini deditissimus, JO. JUELLUS. EPISTOLA LV. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. Scriberem ad te quoque, mi Josia, nisi me oecupationes meae im pedirent. Verum nos, ut scias, hoc tempore conventus agimus, et de religione, de repubUca, de pace belloque deUberamus. Ego vero inter istos aestus etsi mei ipsius meminisse vix possum, tamen Josise mei LV.] JOHANNES JUELLUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. YS obUvisci non possum; quem etsi commentantem, scribentem, legentem multis maximis de causis admaor et veneror, et in ocuUs gero, tamen cum ilium cogito senUi gibbe, nitentem scipionibus, trahentem alterum aut utrumque pedem, diUgenter circumspectantem vias ne quid incurrat in digitos, molUter ac delicate prementem terram, et Cliremetis in modum aegre et seniliter tussientera, crede mihi, risum tenere vix possum. Die dum enim mihi, mi Josia, quod istud est senium? vel quie potius ista est dissimulatie ? Tantamne mutationem factam esse tam brevi tean- pore? Sed quicquid est, ego te puto hominem esse bonum, nec aliud in vultu, aUud in pede gerere. Hermannus meus tuusque mecum est. Utinam tu adesses una ! FacUe et podagras et fascias et baculos abjiceres. Vale, mi Josia. Londini, 7 Martii, 1563. Tuus in Christo, JOHANNES JUELLUS. INSCRIPTIO. Doetiss. viro D. Josiee Simlero, profitenti sacras literas in schola Tigurina, amico suo longe carissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA LVI. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. Semper amavi, doctissime Josia, humanitatem, suavitatem, amorem tuum. Quis enim nen araet hominem hoc ingenio, hac comitate, istis Uteris, ita veteris amici memorem, ita denique amabilem ? Verum cum ad amorem erga te meum nihil videretur addi posse, tu tamen tuo merito facis ut quotidie videar videre, ut si amor maximus major esse posset, magis amem. Recepi a te eicona argenteam, et vitam atque obitum optimi Ulius senis, Petri Martyris. In eicone quidem etsi multa egregie conveniant, tamen erat etiam aliquid nescio quid, in quo artificis solertiam requi- rerem. Et quid mirum in iUius hominis similitudine erratum esse, cujus equidem cum omnia circumspicie, vix quicquam puto , fuisse simile ? LibeUum autem tuum avidissime et surama cum veluptate perlegi. Videre enim mihi videbar Ulum ipsum senem, quocum antea suavissime vixeram, eum nescio quo pacto propius etiam et penitius videre, quam cum una cum illo viverem. Stancarum autem obscurum et insolentem scurrara, quem ego nunquam natura audieram, et argute, et pererudite, neque, uti spero, sine magno ecelesiae commodo con- 76 JOHANNES JUELLUS AD JOSIA.M SIMLERUM. [ePIST. futasti. Parcius ad te ista, mi Josia, de te praesertim: auribus enim tuis dare non est nec amicitise nostrae nec pudoris mei. Equidem liben ter ilia legi, ut soleo tua omnia ; erant enim scripta de rebus jejunis plenissime, de obscuris splendidissime. De omni ista tua humanitate agnosco et fateor, atque etiam profiteer, me esse in aere tuo. Ecclesia nostra Dei beneficio immunis est ab istis monstris. Tantum res nobis est cum satelUtibus quibusdam pontificiis. Illi turbant quantum possunt in angulis, atque etiam hoc tempore impediunt quo minus ea possim pertexere contra ubiquitarios quae cogitaveram: sed de ea re ad D. BuUingerum scripsi plenius. Si scripta D. Martyris edideris, et ecelesiae censulueris, et multorum bonorum exspectationi, qui ea cupiunt, satisfe- ceris. Commentaria autem in Genesin, quoniam de iUis quserere ^^deris judicium meum, equidem ea, mi Josia, nunquam legi : tamen non dubito esse ejusmodi, ut si edantur, videri possint Petri Martyris. Neva ea quae erant, conjeci in Uteras ad D. BulUngerum. Nisi Rhenus vester nobis ita esset adversus, , et scriberem ad te et mitterem saepius. Sed iter longum est, et praeterea ad istas nundinas vix unum aliquem invenire possum qui isthuc eat. Nunc autem etiam de nun dinis dubito. Quicquid autera de Uteris istis meis fiet, ego tuus, mi Josia, totus sum, sive scribo sive taceo. Saluta, &c. INSCRIPTIO. Ad D. Josiam Simlerum, apud Tigurinos sacree Theologiee pro- fessorem, Juelli episcopi Saris buriensis literee. EPISTOLA LVII. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERU.M. Cum essem Londini, objurgavi meos conterraneos qui Tiguri fuerunt, quod vestri immemeres nihil unquam ad vos scripserint: quosdam pu- debat, quosdam poenitebat etiam alti silentii. Sed spero, eos jam scrip sisse, et postea diligentius scriptures. Foxus ingens velumen scripsit de martyribus Anglis, idque Anglice : prodiit typis excusum quatriduo ante pascha. Ipsi papistae jam incipiunt archipapistarum saevitiam exosam habere. Sex vel septem circa initium quadragesimae eondemnati sunt, rei laesse majestatis ; sed clcmentia Reginse adhuc ees patitur vivere in turri Londinensi. Duo ex iUis vocabahtur PoU, nimirum cardinaUs Poll consanguinei. Comes Huntlaeus unus ex prsecipuis Scotiae proceribus et papista insignis, consilio Guisii metus, in Scotia piorum sanguinem fundere meditabatur, ut Guisius in GalUa, et magna erat multorum sedi- ,LVII.] JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 77 tiosorum conspiratie; et haud dubie iidem tumultus et sanguinolenti quidem fuissent in Scotia, qui et in GaUia, nisi Dei beneficio in tempore detecti fuissent illoram conatus. Quidam in praelio occisi, inter quos unus erat ex filiis Huntiaei, alter filius capite plexus cum aUis quibusdam. Ipse Huntiseus ad carcerem dueebatur; at in itinere retrorsum ab equo decidit, et fracto coUo exspiravit. Incertum est an casu hoc sit factum, an de industria. Scripsi ad te, crucem, cereos, candelabra e Reginae capella abducta; sed paullo post sunt reducta, magno piorum mogrorc. Cerei antea quotidie incendebantur, nunc minime. Tepidhas in quibusdam multum remoratur evangeUi cursum. Ex anime bene cupio omnibus Tigurinis quos meo nomine salvere jubeas, et praecipue uxorem tuam optimam, filios, fiUas, &c. Mea vos omnes. Raptim. Ludhamiae, 26 ApriUs, 1563. Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, Nordovicensis. INSCRIPTIO. Clarissimo viro D. Henrico Bullingero, Tisuri. EPISTOLA LVIII. THOMAS SAMPSON AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. •Sancte BuUingere, salutem aeternain in Christe nostro Servatore opto tibi. Miraris forsan, quod ego te meis audeam interpellare Uteris. Parce, paucis scribam. Non ita pridem habui Tiguri, cujus possem omnia mea in sinum effimdere. Ejusdem apud vos exuvias habetis. Tigunim ergo saepius mihi venit 'in mentem. Sed ad quid ego efFutirem ea quse tum cogito ? Vivit Martyr ; valeat et feUciter vivat Tigurum. Et ne una cum Martyre intereat etiam Tigurinae apud me benignitatis memoria, te nunc cempello. Tugraiolum aliquando dabatur mihi Tiguri. hi meis votis nunc Deus annueret, id obnixe repeterem. Me forsan qusero, dum talia opto: nen diffiteor. At cum Christi Domini nostri gloria unice sit quaerenda, meas desero petitiones, quatenus me spectant. Hac in re, (iu quaerendo hospitiolo,) nolo tibi iteram esse molestus. O si aliquando daretur attingere raansiones a Christo Domino nobis paratas m coeUs! Interim, sanctissime pater, AngUam nostram et me quoque tuis precibus commendo. AngUae res ' male se habent. Pejora vereor, ne dicam pessima. At Christo Domino interim inserviendum est. FeUx 78 THOMAS SAMPSON AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. ilie est, quem Christus noster in famulitium adsciscit Angliam ergo tibi commendatissimam habe in precibus ; necnon et mei sis memor. In perpetuum amoris erga te mei signum mitto chirothecas Oxenienses per D. Blaareram vestratem : illse inveterascent, nunquam tamen apud te AngUae meique inveterascat amor. Vale, ert in Domino vive feli- cissirae, carissime pater. Oxonii, die 26 Julu, 1563. THO. SAMPSON. Salluta, quseso, meo nomine et meae uxoris Julium Terentianum. INSCRIPTIO. Eximio viro D. Henrico Bullingero, verbi divini concionatori fi.deliss. Tiguri. EPISTOLA LIX. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salvus sis in Christo, doctissime BuUingere ! 26 ApriUs dedi ad te literas, quas spero te accepisse. Tuse autem 6 Martii scriptse, mihi traditse sunt 23 Maii ; exemplum a-atem tuae responsienis secundae datae Brentio nen accepi, uti scribis. Quid imprecor hujusmodi hominibus, qui tantum mihi surripuere thesaurum ? Si cum Uteris Gualteri Lavateri et Simleri ligasses, tuto ad manus meas pervenisset. Ego nihil adhuc vidi, quod scripsit Brentius adversum te vel D. Martyrem, nec multum hujusmodi scripta vel naenias merer. Literas tuas scriptas 16 Octobris, 1562, 27 tandem die Junii accepi. Hyperius misit Lunckero, Lunckerus mihi, quem diu nen vidi. Sed pecunias ad eum misi 4 Julii : ejus ad me literas habes hic inclusas, ex quibus cognoscere possis, quam duros et inexorabiles habeat coUegii praefectos, a quibus veniam abeundi impeteare non possit. Ante pauculos hosce dies venit ad me juvenis quidam Scotus, concionator optimus, commendatus mihi Uteris Grindalli episcopi Lon dinensis et Goverdali quondam Exoniensis. Is in mea dioecesi jam agit, nimirum oppido maritime quod vocatur Lynn. Nova haec mihi nuntiavit e Scotia: Archiepiscopus S. Andreae, quia audivit missam, •oondemnatus est ad mortem ; duo vel tres proceres ob eandem causam eonjecti in carcerem. In Parliamento decreverunt, ut adulterium morte puniatur. Regina Scotiae haec tria postulahat in domo pariiamentari, 1. ut missas ei audire liceret, 2. ut contra Anglos beUum movere posset, 3. ut Germani (videlicet papistici) satellites in aula essent, quibus Lix.] JOHANNES P.ARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 79 committeretur sui corporis custodia. At in his tribus postulatis passa est repulsam. Hsec Uie mihi. Magnum ftiit apud nos tenitra circa initium Julii. Pinnaculum templi cathedraUs in civitate Nordovicensi vehementer est quassatum, sed nen dejectum, paulo post vero reparatum. Pestis grassatur Londini, et in novo Portu, et in exercitu GaUorum, ut fama est. Cetera ex Uteris Gualteri. 20 JuUi misi literas ad consiliarios per unum ex prsecipuis meis famuUs. Is mihi 26 ejusdem mensis attuUt responsum, et post quatriduum peste obiit. Dominus misereatur nostri ! Circa initium Augusti helium pubhce denuntiatum contra Galliam. Saluta meo nomine honestissimam matrenam, tuam uxorem, item filios et fiUas, amicos doctos et humanissimes cives, quos mihi neveris esse notos. Raptim. Ludhamiae, 13 Augusti, 1563. Mea vos omnes; et tibi agit gratias pro Uteris. Quia nullus adest Germanus, non potest rescribere ; quod ilU ex animo dolet. Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, Nordovicensis. Audio pacem inter GaUos et nos initam. Faxit Deus ! Scio pro certo inducias factas ad aliquod tempus. Uxor mea mittit ad te duo paria caligarum, quibus uti possis quando asper ab Aare mit Boreas, frigus, gelu et nives pariens. INSCRIPTIO. Clarissimo viro D. Henrico Bullingero, Tiguri. EPISTOLA LX. LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salutem in Christo et pacem sempitemam! BeUorum tumultus sedatos esse etiam atque etiam gaudeo et gratulor, reUgionis autem nego tium parum processisse dolendum. Dabit Jesus aUquando dies lialcyomos et Isetiora evangelia; et habebit, spero, ecclesia suos filios, et evangelium suum cursum, omnibus inferoram potestatibus invitis et obnitentibus. Vincet enim Veritas, et divinae voluntati ac manui nulla hominum vel potentia resistere vel astutia poterit. Tibi autem et tuis, nostris patribus et fratribus, optamus longam vitam, ne suis parentibus et psltronis ae tutoribus orba sit christiana Te^ublica. 80 LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. De re vestiaria itemm quaeso ad me perscribas sententiam tuam, vel pluribus vel paucis, vel uno verbo : primo, videaturae tibi doidepopov, quod tam longo tempore inveteravit tanta cum superstitione, quodque animos sirnplicium tamdiu splendore suo fascinavit, et religionis ac sancti- tatis cujusdam opinione imbuit. Secundo, An mandatu principis, papae jurisdictione profligata, et ordinis causa, non cultus, ejusmodi vestes ecclesise a piis hominibus licite et pie saiva conscientia gestari possint. Loquor autem de pileo illo sphserico et superpeUicio papistico, quse nunc non •papae illicita tyrannide, sed reginae justa ac legitima auctoritate mandantur. An nunc omnia haec mundis hominibus munda esse possint et libera? Rogo deminationem tuam strictim, quse tua mens sit, ad me scribas. Sampsonus suas literas alio miserat : is te ac D. Gualtemm aUosque etiam atque etiam salutat. Dominus conservet ecclesiam vestram ac suam! Oxonise, 16 Augusti, 1563. Tuus, INSCRIPTIO. LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS. Eximio et doetiss. viro D. Hen rico Bullingero, patri ac fratri in Christo dilectiss. Tisuri. EPISTOLA LXI. ROBERTUS HORNUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Accepi tuas tres jam epistolas, carissime BuUingere, unam ad 10 Octobris, alteram ad 10 Martii, 1563, datas, mihi quidem serins pridie calendas Junii ultimi redditas ; tertiam Augusti 29 scriptam, mense Octobri satis in tempore mihi traditam. Ex quibus animadverti vim amoris tui uberem et vehementem, qui suavissimis se verbis expressit, et Uteris tantummodo meis sive munusculis cententus esse poterat. A me autem ideo missa sunt, ut inteUigeretis non modo ipsum me sed et res meas ac fortunas ad vestrum commodum esse paratas. Et quod de panno gratias agis, et repensurum te ais, agnosco singularem humanitatem tuam, qui mihi, cran ipse multum tibi debeam, debere te et obligatum esse fateris. Quod vero in argenteo poculo assiduam mei recolitis memoriam, id ita accipio, ut cum benevelentia et humanitate vestra nihil mihi sit gratius, tum in frequenti esse memoria, et quasi in ocuUs vestris ac con- spectu versari, sit mihi longe gratissimum. Et quia perexiguum est tam medici aeris poculum, misi vobis alios quatuordecim coronatos et insignia LXI.] ROBERTUS HORNUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 81 mea, quae cupitis, ut majus inde poculum et pleno aptum convivio fa- bricari curetis. De insidus et furoribus adversariorum, quibus periclitamini, angor equidem ut vos, et rursus erigor ea consolatione, quam tu preponis per eum qui vicit mundum, cujus qui sunt a mundo vinci aut superari non possunt. Et ex pontificiis injuriis non tam nos affligimur, quam illustrator gloria Dei, et amplificatur evangelium. Nos 'per totam Angliam eandem habemus eeclesiasticam doctrinam quam vos, in ritibus et ceremoniis mi' ilUs quidem, neo, ut docetur populus, in magna aestimatione harum paululran dissentimus. Nunquam autem desivimus, ut hortaris, quas recta et sequenda sunt ex sacris scripturis docere, commonefacere, et instare, ne nostro vitio grex nobis commissus dissipetur per inveteratos errores, qui adhuc a pontificiis clam sparguntur. E Ubris, quos in secundis commemoras Uteris, accepi tres ejusdem argumenti contra Brentu Ubiquitatem: quam materiam suscepit, ut tu cupis, Anglus quidam, eandemque ope divina acriter ae diserte tractabit, ut omnibus innetescat, idem Anglos cum Tigurinis in ea re sentire. De clarissimi viri Petri Martyris morte ante tuarum literarum adventum accepi. De successore a se moriente designate gaudeo. Tridentinum conciUabulum adversus Christum institution, cum ad summum perductum fuerit, dissipabit, qui sedens in coeUs irridet ees, quemadmodum vana hominum consilia irrita semper fecit, et ad nihilum redegit. ReUquum est, mi BulUngere, ut meo et uxoris meae nomine salutem ascribam tibi plurimam, et optimis matrenis, uxori tua2 et Froschoveri : generis item tuis, Simlero, Losio, Lavatero atque Zuinglio ; tum fratribus in Christo dilectis D. Gualtero, Bibliandro, Wolphio et Hallero, hospiti- que meo, et viduse pauperculae, quse nobis in Froschoveri domo com- muniter agentibus ministravit, cui duos coronates misi. Vestram a Domino opto salutem. Deinceps curabo ut meis non careas Uteris, quod ut tu vicissim facias etiam atque etiam rogo. Vale. Dominus Jesus te suse ecelesiae diu servet incolumem! Wintoniae, 13 Decembris, 1563. Tuus in Christo, quantus quantus sim, ROBERTUS WINTON. INSCRIPTIO. Ornatiss. viro et fratri in Christo cariss. D. Henrico Bullingero. [1 Deest aliquid.] *6 82 JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD, JOSIAM SIMLERUM. FePIST EPISTOLA LXII. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD JOSIAM. SIMLERUM. Mitto ad te, uti petis, duas epistolas, quas ad me scripsit D.. Martyr : si plures invenero, plures mittam. Scripsi ad te 26 ApriUs, item 14 Augusti. Pro argenteo Martyre misimus auream Elizabetham. Bene facis quod paras editionem operam Martyris : sic enim bene meteheris de omnibus piis, et rem utUissimam praestabis ecelesiae Christi. Do minus tuis cseptis faveat, et ad feUcem exitum perducat! Uxor ducis Norfolcise 10 Januarii obut puerpera, et 24 ejusdem mensis est sepulta Nordevici. Ego concionem habui funebrem. In fimere nuUa erant fu- neraUa, cerei nec lucerase. Prseter solem nihil lucebat ; quod male habuit papistas. Nec tale quid unquam visum est in AngUa, prseser tim in fimere hereis aut heroissse. Cetera ex aliorum Uteris. Vale, mi Simlere. Ludhamise, 17 Februarii, 1564. Saluta meo nomine omnes meos amicos, et prsesertim optimam tuam uxorem. Mea teque tuamque omnesque salutat. Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, Nordovicensis. Trade hunc catalogum D. Gesnero. INSCRIPTIO. D. Jodee Simlero. Tiguri. EPISTOLA LXIII. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. SAI.U.TBM plurimam in Christo Jesu. Quid ego dicam, doctissime vir et clarissime pater ? Et pudet et dolet : pudet primum non scripsisse ssepius ; deinde dolet, eas ipsas quas scripsi non potuisse ad vos perve nire. Obsecro tamen te, ne putes mihi aut scholam Tigurinam, aut rem publicam, aut illam vestram humanitatem tantam tam cito ex animo elabi potuisse. Equidem vos oinnes in. oculis et in sinu gero, et te impri mis, mi pater, lumen jam unicum setatis nostrae. Quod autem ad Uteras attinet, equidem, praeterquam- anno- illo- superiori, cum peste et lue omnia ubique clausa essent, ceteroqui nunquam intermisi scribere ad te, ad LXni.] JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 83 Lavateram, ad Simlerum, et ad Julium. Quod nisi facerem, videri vix possem, non dico officU, sed ne humanitatis quidem rationem ullam reti nere. Et de aliis quidem meis Uteris superioribus quid factum sit, nescio ; proximas autem audio in navali conflictu exceptas fuisse a Gallis, atque ablatas Caletum. Sed missa ista facio. Nunc accipito de rebus nostris, quas tibi pro tua pietate magis cordi esse sat scio. Primum, de reUgione omnia domi Dei optimi maximi beneficio pacata sunt. Papistae exules turbant et impediunt quantum possunt ; et evulgatis Ubris, nescio quo mee, fatone, dicam, an merite ? me petunt imum, idque terni maximis clamoribus uno tempore. Illis omnibus dum unus respondeo, tu me ne putes esse otiesum. Offertur mihi inter alia causa ilia ubiquitaria, quam ego in senis illius nostri Tubingensis gratiam, ut potui, utque res tijlit, de industria ernavi pluri bus : sed nostra lingua, utpote hominibus nostris. Si quidem otium erit, partem aliquam transferam, et ad vos mittam. De illo autem sene,. equidem non 'video quid debeam statuere : ita mihi videtur in sin gulos dies magis magisque deUiare. Legi enim novum Menandri phasma,. quod nunc nuper dedit: et tibi et. de iUe Ubro, et de omnibus Uteris.. tuis, et de omni tua humanitate, ago gratias. RespubUca domi forisque, terra marique tranquiUa est. Pacem ha bemus cum Gallis constitutam : Flandrica etiam ilia turba jam tandem consiluit. Mercateres utrinque eemmeant, Flandri ad nos, et nostri vicis- sdm ad illos. Granvelanus, cujus unius nequitia haec omnia coepta sunt,. id egit ut, turbatis atque impeditis emporiis, cum neque invehi quic quam neque exportari posset, attoniti* mercatorilaus, et ©ppidane vulgo,. quod vere e lanificio victum quaerit, ad otium atque inopiam redacto,,. popularis aliquis motus et seditio demestiea sequeretur. Ita enim sperat bat religionem una posse concuti. Sed Deus ista consiUa convertit potius in auctorem : nostri enim in officio, uti par erat, remansemnt ;: Randricum autem vulgus, digressis nostris mercatoribus, et emperio' Emhdse constituto,, eam rem indigne ferre, atque etiam tantum nen tumultuari. Hibemi, uti te audisse scio, nobis parent, et nostris utuntur legibus. Ib ilfem insulam papa ante aUqiuot admodum dies immisit hominem aceleratum et. calUdum cum mandatis, q'ui hue illuc concursaret. Erat enim Hibemus,, qui gentevo: feram et silvestrem contra nos reUgionis causa, commoveret. Quid quaeris? Nebulo statim primo appulsu com- ptehenditur, et excussus et vinetus ad nos mittitur. Ita sacerrimus pater prorsus decrevit, cum flectere non possit superos, Acheronta mo- wre! In Scotia.. ita est ut vokmus. Regina sola missam illam suam retinet,, invitis omnibus. Parkhurstus, Hoperus, Sampson, Sandus, Leverus, Chamberus valent, et officium faciunt Biennium- jam' e3t, quod ego illorum quenquam *6— 2 84 JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. viderim. Vale, mi pater. Dominus Jesus te quam diutissime servet superstitem et incolumem ! Saluta D. Gualterum, D. Lavaterum, D. Simleram, D. Lupum, D. Hallerum, D. Gesnerum, D. Frisium, D. Zuing Uum, D. Wickium ; ad quos singulos darem literas si esset otium, vel potius nisi prorsus obruerer negotiis. Sarisberise, in Anglia, calend. Martiis, 1565. Tui nominis studiosissimus, tibique deditissimus, JO. JUELLUS, Anglus. EPISTOLA LXIV. ROBERTUS HORNUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. LiTBRAS tuas, mi Gualtere, primas quam amanter et jucunde acce- perim, vel hinc existimare debes, quod de Tigurinse reipubUcse statu, in cujus fide ac liberaUtate exul coUocatus fueram, tum de tui reUquorum- que amicissimerum et de me optime meritorum valetudine cognoscebam. Accedebat tua in Johannis evangelium lucubratio. Scribendi, ut tu ais, occasio, quam ita probe, ut ad veram scripturarum scientiam et pietatem conferre multum judicem, et nen solum a tironibus, quibus tu potissi mum studes, sed ab ipsis professeribus legendam existimem. In fcedere GaUice et Helvetice perspicaciam Tigurinam probo, quae astutias GalUcas religionis proetextu adumbratas olfecit et patefecit. Bernenses etiam vicinos vestros spero suasu vestro ab inhonesto fcedere assensum cohibitures. De peste, quse regionem Tigurinam invasit, opinionem habeo, quod impiorum causa etiam ipsi pii affliguntur. Qua perculsus pater BuUingerus quod periculum evasit, debemus putare, eum qui duriora tempora sustulit, feUcioribus esse a Domino reservatum. Tuam domum ab ea contagione tutam, divinae clementise, quse laboribus tuis neluit otium, ascribe. Res nostrse ita se habent, quod, ut vos vicinas GalUcas, sic nos intestinas papisticas timemus insidias. Primates papistici in pub licis custodiis, reliqui exiUum aifectantes, scriptis quibusdam in vulgus disseminatis, sese in gratiam, nos in odium vocant, ansam minutam sane et ejusmodi nacti. Controversia nuper de quadratis pileis et superpel- liciis inter nos orta, exclamarunt papistse, non esse quam profitemur unanimem in religione fidem, sed variis nos opinionibus duci, nec in una sententia stare posse. Auxit hanc calumniam publicum senatus nostri decretum de profliganda papistica potestate ante nostram restitu tionem sancitum, quo, sublata reliqua fsece, usus pUeorum quadratorum LXIV.] ROBERTUS HORNUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. 85 et superpelliciomm ministris remanebat ; ita tamen ut superstitionis opi nione careret, quod disertis decreti verbis cavetur. ToUi hoc decretum non potest, nisi omnium regni ordinum, quorum consensu constitutum fuit, conspiratione atque consensu. Nobis, penes quos tunc non fuit sanciendi vel abrogandi auctoritas, pileis et superpeUicus uti, vel aliis locum dare, injunctum est. Usi lus sumus, ne munera christiana, per nos deserta, occuparent adversarii. Sed cum jam hsec res in magnam contentionera inter nostros devenerit, ut noster grex pusillus etiam in duas abierit partes, quarum altera ob illud decretum deserendum minis terium, altera non deserendum putet, peto abs te, mi Gualtere, quid de hac controversia, quae nos una vexat, senseris, ut quam primo tempore scribas. Speramus certe, proximis cemitiis illam decreti partem abro- gaturos. Sed si id obtineri non poterit, quoniam magna ope clam ni- tuntur papistse, ministerio nihilominus divino adhaerendum esse judice, ne, deserte eo ac a nobis ea conditione repudiate, papistse sese insinua- rent. Qua de re sententiam, mi Gualtere, exspecto tuam, an hsec, quae sic facimus, saiva conscientia facere possumus. De vestra etiam ecclesia ita sum solicitus, ut, quoniam multos fideles ministros ex peste interiisse suspicer, per tuas literas scire vellem eorum nomina qui jam supersint. Dominus Jesus, magnus gregis sui custos, vos et imiversam suam eccle siam custediat ! In eodem vale. Datum e Fernamiae castro, 16 cal. Augusti, 1565. Tuus in Christo, INSCRIPTIO. ROB. WINTON. Ornatiss". theologo, domino Gualtero, Tigurinee eccle- siee ministro digniss". EPISTOLA LXV. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. DoLUi supra modum, gavisus sum supra modum, quod aegrotaveris, quod et convalueris. Scribis te in meis literas D. JueUo inscriptas in- clusisse, et petis ut earum exemplum ad hoc usque signum (t) describi curem et mittam D. Homo. Certe, mi BulUngere, ego Juelli literas non vidi ; quare nec tibi nec Horni exspectationi satisfacere potui. Sed Abelus meis apertis illas Juello Londini tradidit. Promisit is Abelo, se exemplum quam primum ad me missuram. Pollicitis dives quilibet esse potest. PoUicitus est, at nihil praeterea. Sic et te et me et Hor- num defraudavit. At ego hoc impute infinitis negotiis, quibus il!e 86 JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. diS'tringitur. Veniam petis, quod hoc oneris mihi imposueris : ego nen onus sed honorem aestimo, si quacumque occasione Bullingero inservire possim. Cum Germanica tua me^ uxori legerem, mentione facta obitus uxoris et fiUae tuae statim in acerbissimas erupit lacrymas : ita coactus sum aliquamdiu a legendo desistere, cum ilia auscultando aures non prseberet. Regina Scotiae Imo Augusti nupsit Henrico domino Damley, primo- genito comitis Lenox. Huic novo conjugio minime favent proceres aUquot in Scotia. Quis erit exitus, dubitamus adhuc. Certe evange lium Ulic radices egit firmissimas. Fama erat non ita pridem nostram reginam duci Austrise nupturam. Quid futurum sit, equidem ignore : cum cognovero, te certiorem reddam. Exspecto doctissimas tuas Homi- lias in Danielem. Bene vale, optime BuUingere, cum tuis omnibus, quos salvos esse cupio. Dominus Tigurinos omnes servet a malo ! Amen. Raptim. Ludhamiae, 18 Augusti, 1565. Mea teque tuosque salutat. Tuus ex animo, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, Nordovicensis. INSCRIPTIO. D. Henrico Bullingero, viro clarissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA LXVI. EDWINUS SANDUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 1 Humanissimas literas tuas, vir clarissime, una cum doctissimo commen tario tue in Danielem prophetam, Abelus noster superioribus hisce diebus mihi tradendas curavit. Ex quibus et quanti me facias, recte animadverto ; et quantum ipse tibi vicissim debeam, facile inteUigo. Quod tam amanter ac fraterne ad me scribere voluisti, multum quidem est et multas habeo gratias : quod vero eximium hoc opus tuum omni eruditione plenum ad me transmittere, et etiam, quod summi beneficii loco repono, meo nomine in publicum exire dignatus es, revera mihi fecisti rem longe gratissimam. Mirabilis quidem est ista humanitas tua erga omnes, qua quoscunque, qui te norunt, tibi devinctissimos reddere soleas ; sed erga me rara [est et singu laris : qui non solum me exulantem et quasi incertis sedibus vaganteni, oUm cum Tigurum venerim, perbenigne acceperis, et omnibus benevelentia; officiis prosequutus sis ; quinetiam divina providentia patriae jam restitu tum non solum non desinis amai-e, verum omnibus quibus poteris rati- LXVI.] EDWINUS SANDUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 87 onibus insignire omareque contendis. Pro qua quidem summa beneve lentia tua quam gratiam referam, dum mecum diUgenter cogito, his tantis beneficus tuis dignum quod rependam, nihil omnino invenio. Cum igitur majora sunt beneficia in me tua, quam ut ipse parem gratiam referre queam, (nam tu dando, ego accipiendo beneficia coUocamus,) libenter ag- noscam me debitorem esse tuum ; et cum ipse non sum solvendo, rogabo ut ^ise solvat qui pro omnibus debitis nostris ad plenum satisfecit. Interim mei erga te amoris qualecunque pignus Abelo nostro tradendum curavi, qui id ipsum tuto ut tuae humanitati mittatur, in se recipit. Rogo te multum, ut grato animo accipias, et non munuscuU exiguitatem, sed mit- tentis propensum animum pro tua humanitate spectare velis. Quae hic geruntur, et quo in statu res nostrae coUocatae sunt, ex aliorum Uteris cognosces. Quod maximum est dicam. Vera Christi re ligio apud nos locum habet : evangeUum non est ligatum, sed libere ac pure prsedicatum. De ceteris autem rebus non est quod multum curemus. Contenditur aliquantulum de vestibus papisticis utendis vel non utendis : dabit Deus his quoque finem. Vale, colendissime vir, et me, quod facis, ama, meique precibus tuis ad Deum memor esto. Saluta, quaeso, meo nomine D. Gualteram, D. Simleram, fiUum tuum Henricum, ceterosque dominos ac fratres mihi in Christo carissimos. Wigomiee, tertio Januarii, 1566. Frater tuus tui amantissimus, EDWINUS WIGORN. INSCRIPTIO. Ornatissimo clarissimoque viro^ domino Henrico Bullingero, Tigurina ecclesia pastori vigilantissimo, domino ac fra tri meo carissimo, Tiguri. EPISTOLA LXVII. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM ET LUDOVICUM LAVATERUM. S. PL. in Christo Jesu. Rarius multo ad vos scribo, reverendissime pater, tuque optime Ludovice, quam aut ego velim, aut vos exspectatis. Idque quam vos in partem accipiatis, nescio : cupio equidem, ne in malam. Quanto enim magis ego me vestrae omnium pietati obstrictum esse sentio, quantoque pluris judicium de me vestrum semper feci, tanto minus velim mc a vobis aut oblivionis aut negUgentiae condemnari. Jam vere occupationi- bus meis tam longa sUentia tribuere putidum fortasse videatur : tametsi, si ss JOHANNES JUELLUS [ePIST. me nossetis et curas meas, nihil excusatione aUa opus esset. Nam prseter alias assiduas, meas, alienas, domesticas, publicas, civiles, ecclesiasticas molestias, (sine quibus in hoc munere his temporibus vivi nen potest,) cogor pene solus cum hostibus (extemisne dicam, an domesticis ?) con- flictari. Nostri quidem sunt, sed hostili animo, hostili etiam in solo. Pro- fiigi enim nostri Lovanienses coeperant sese magno numero, anno superiori, commoveri ; et in nos omnes acerbissime scribere, et me unum nominatim petere. Cur ita ? inquies. Nescio, nisi me unum omnium dp.a-)(iaTaTov et ad resistendum infirmissimum esse scirent. Tamen ante sex annos cum in aula coram regia majestate haberem concionem, et de nostrae papisticae religionis antiquitate dicerem, hoc memini dixisse me inter aUa, adversarios nostros, cum nostram causam arguant novitatis, et nobis injuriam et popula fraudem facere: illos enim et pro veteribus probare nova, et ea damnare pro novis, quae sunt vetustissima. Missas enim privatas et truncatas communiones, et naturales et real&s prasentias, et transubstantiationes, kc. (quibus rebus omnis istorum reUgio continetur) nullam habere certum et expressum testimonium aut sacrarum scripturarum, aut veterum concilio- rum, aut priscoram patram, aut uUius omnino antiquitatis. Id illi indigne ferre : latrare in angulis, hominem impudentem, con- fidentem, insolentem, insanum dicere. Quarto postremo anno produt ex insperato Hardingus quidam, non ita pridem auditor atque assectator D. Petri Martyris, et acerrimus evangelii praeco, nunc vilis apostata et nostro Julio probe notus ; qui me ex Amphilochus, Abdiis, Hippelytis, Clementi- bus, Victoribus, Athanasiis suppesititiis, Leontiis, Cletis, Anacletis, episto lis decretalibus, semniis, fabulis, refutaret. IIU ego pro mea tenuitate respondi anno superiori, ut potui. Sed 0 Deum immortalem ! Quse haec vita est ! 'fi? 6^15 6K te dewv 6k t' dvdpiaiTesiv dwoXono. Vixdum absol- veram, evolat extemplo Apologiae nostrae Confutatio ; opus ingens, elabo- ratum, et convitiis, contraneliis, mendaciis, sycophantUs refertissimum. Hic ego rursum petor. Quid quaeris ? Respondendum est. Vides, rever ende pater, quam nen simus otiosi ; ego praesertim, cui (nescio quo meo fato) semper cum istis monstris dimicandum est. Dominus addat vires atque animum, et proterat Satanam sub pedibus nostris ! Haec idcirco visum est scribere preUxius, ut si posthac Uterae isthuc a me infrequentius venerint, quam aut vos exspectatis aut ego velim, id ciuvis potius rei, quam aut oblivioni vestri aut ingratitudini, tribuatis. Respublica nostra et ab armis et de religione pacata est. Lovanienses quidem isti nostri turbant, quantum possunt ; verum populus est in officio, et futurum spero. Domina regina recte valet, et abhorret a nuptiis. Hyems superior ita misere afflixit nascentem segetem, ut nunc ubique per Angliam magna frumenti difficultate laboretur. Hoc anno, Dei beneficio, omnia laetissime provenerant. Ego D. Parkhurstum, episcopum Norvicensem, D. Sandum, episcopum Vigorniensem, D. Pilkingtonum, episcopum tXVlI.] ad HENRICUM BULLINGERUM ET LUDOVICUM LAVATERUM. 89 Dunelmensem, triennium jam totum non vidi : ita procul disjecti sumus. Vivimus tamen omnes incolumes et vestri memores. Solus Richardus Chamberus obiit diem suum ; sed pie in Domino. Contentie iUa de ecelesiastica veste linea, de qua vos vel ab Abele nostro vel a D. Parkhursto audiisse non dubito, nondum etiam conquie- vit. Ea res nonnihil commovet infirmos animos. Atque utinam omnia etiam tenuissima vestigia papatus et e tempUs, et multo maxime ex animis omnium, auferri possent ! Sed Regina ferre mutationem. in religione hoc tempore nullam potest. Res Scoticae nondum etiam satis pacatae sunt: nobiles aliquot primi nominis apud nos exulant: alii domi remanserunt, et sese, si vis fiat, ad resistendum parant: et ex arcibus suis excursiones interdum faciunt, et ex papistarum agris agunt feruntque, quantum possunt. Regina ipsa, etsi animo sit ad papismum obfirmato, tamen vix satis exploratum habet, quo se vertat. Nam de religione adversariam habet magnam partem et nobiUtatis et populi: et quantum quidem nos possumus intelligere, nu merus indies crescit. Submiserat prexirnis istis mensibus PhiUppus rex abbatem quendam Italum cum auro Hispanico, hominem vafrum, et factum atque instmctum ad fraudes, qui et Regem Reginamque juvaret veteratorio consilio, et impleret omnia tumultibus. Rex nevus, qui semper hactenus abstinuisset a missis, et ultro accessisset ad conciones, ut se populo daret, cum audiret navim illam appulsuram postridie, factus re pente confidentior, sumptis animis, neluit longius dissimulare. Accedit ad templum: jubet sibi de more diei missam. Eodem ipso tempore D. Knoxus, concionator in eodem oppido, et in proximo temple, maxima frequentia clamare in idolomanias, et in universum regnum pontificium, nunquam fortius. Interea navis ilia PhiUppica, jactata tempestatibus et ventis, fluctibusque concussa et fracta, convulso malo, ruptis lateribus, amissis gubernatoribus, vectoribus et rebus omnibus inanis, et lacera, et aquae plena, defertur in Angliam. Hsec vero non dubito divinitus con- tigisse, ut rex fatuus inteUigat, quam sit auspicatum audire m.issas. E GalUis multa turbulenta nunciantur. Domus Ula Guisiana non potest acquiescere sine aUquo magno malo. Verum ista vobis multo pro- piora sunt, quam nobis. Danus et Suecus cruentissime inter se conflix- erunt, et adhuc dicuntur esse in armis. Uterque affectus est maximis incommodis ; nec adhuc uter sit superior diei potest. Libri vestri, tuus, reverende pater, in Danielem, et tuus, doctissime Ludovice, in Josuam, incolumes ad me delati sunt. Ego et Deo optime maximo de vobis, et vobis de istis laboribus et studus deque omni vestra humanitate, ago gratias. Misi hoc tempore ad Julium nostrum in annuum stipendium viginti coronatos, et alteros totidem ad vos duos ; ut eos vel in coenam publicam more vestro, vel in quemvis alium usum pro vestro arbitrio, consumatis. Deus vos, ecclesiam, rempubUcam, scholamque 90 JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM, ETC. [ePIST. vestram conservet incolumes! Salutate D. Gualterum, D. Sunlerura, D. ZuingUum, D. Gesneram, D. Wickium, D. HaUerum, D.D. Hen. et Rod. BulUngeros, meo nomine. Sarisberiae, 8 Februar. 1566. Vestri amans et studiosus in Domino, iNscEiPTio. JO. JUELLUS, Angks. Clarissimo viro D. Bullingero, pastori ecdesia Tigurinee, domino suo colen dissimo. Tiguri. EPISTOLA LXVIII. LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. CoNVALuissE te et ex morbo diuturao, quo afflictabaris, recreatum et relevatum esse, Dei beneficio, pater in Christo reverende, tibi, nobis, ecele siae gratulor ; et ut magis ac magis confirmeris, etiam atque etiam precor. Lucubrationes tuas in Danielem una cum praefatione, et honorifica mei fratrumque exulum mentione, vidi et legi Ubenter, ac tuse huma nitati gratiam habeo. Quod in Jesaiam te commentatumm promittis, equidem gaudeo; et ut Domino juvante perficias, extremamque manum coepto operi imponas, vehementer rogo. Liber est totus evaj^dicus, densus ac infertus mysteriis, alicubi propter coneisas sententias, et his torias interpositas, ac crebros schematismos et nonnuUas interruptiones obscurior. Quare Ucet optimi et doctissimi homines magnam lucem attulerint, et praeclaram operam navaverint; tamen laboris tui accessio pia erit et perutilis. In tertio capite, ubi de ornamentis muUebrique mundo propheta disserit, si quaedam de re vestiaria interserueris, meo judicio operae pretium feceris. Quid hactenus scripseris, non ignore; tamen et breviter nimis et perspicue non satis 'videris protulisse senten tiam. Itaque ut paucis respondeas quaestiunculis hisce meis, pietatem tuam iterum atque iterum oro : 1 . An ecclesiasticis viris leges vestiarise praescribi debeant, sic ut forma, colore, etc. a laicis distinguantur ? 2. An ceremeniaUs cultus Levitici saeerdotii sit in ecclesiam Christi revocandus? 3. An vestitu et externo ritu cum papistis communicare liceat ? et an ceremonias ab ulla ecclesia adulterina et adversaria Christianos mutuari oporteat ? 4. An vestitus sacerdotalis ac peculiaris tanquam civiUs ha bitus gestandus sit ? annon monacliismum, papismum, Judaismum redo- leat ? 5. An qui hactenus in libertate sua acquieverunt, vi regii edicti hac servitute implicare se et ecclesiam saiva conscientia possint? 6. An clericaUs habitus papisticus diei queat res indifferens ? 7. An sumendus vestitus potius quam deserenda static ? Miseram ad D. Bezam itemque LXVIII.] LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 91 ad pietatem tuam aUas quaestiones : nescio an acceperis. Rogo, ut quam primum digneris paulo fusius judicium tuum e* opinionem expUcare, et rationes, cur id sentias, attingere seu netare. Vides Lemaeam liydram esse vel caudam papalem. Vides quid pepererint reliquiae Amorrhaeorum. Vides importunitatem nostram. Quaeso ut de re tota conferas cum D. Gualtero et symmystis, et ad me vel D. Sampsonum perscribas sententiam. Oxonu, Febr. 9, A" 1565, juxta cemputationem AngUcam. Christus te bene valentem et florentem diu servet ecclesise suse ! Tui !observantissimus, LAURENT. HUMFREDUS. INSCRIPTIO. Eeverendo in Christo patri ac donnino D. Bullingero, ecc. Tigurina pas tori fideliss". EPISTOLA LXIX. THOMAS SAMPSON AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Eevekende in Christo pater, scripsi sex abhinc mensibus Uteras ad te, multorum fratrum votis satisfacturus, si modo responsum a tua dignitate retulissem, prout enixe tum oraham. Sed cum vel meae tibi non sunt redditae, vel tuae (si quas scripseris) intereeptse videntur esse, id ipsum, quod ante, nunc denuo scribere cogor. Ea est nostrae ecclesise conditio, quae ad vos jamdudum perlata est : jam enim pest expletum in evangelii pofessione septennium recruduit certamen de re vestiaria, in quo oUm velitabant Cranmerus, Rydleius et Hoperus, sanctissimi Christi martyres. Status tamen quaestionis non per omnia idem est, at potentium placita magis implacabiUa. Quod quidem admodum placet adversarus nostris Lovaniensibus ; haec enim iUi in ccelum laudibus evehunt. At quo facilius rem controversam plane perspicias, volui Ulam in fuaestiones quasdam redigere. Hae sic habent: I. An vestitus peculiaris, a laicis distinctus, ministris evangelii meUo ribus temporibus unquam fuerit constitutus, et an hodie constitui debeat in reformata ecclesia ? H. An ejusmodi vestium praescriptio cum libertate ecelesiastica et christiana consentiat? III. An rerum indifferentium natura admittat ceactionem, et an conscientiis multorum nondum persuasis uUa vis inferenda sit? IV. An uUae ceremoniae novse praeter expressum verbi praescriptum institui aut cumulari possint? 92 THOMAS SAMPSON AD HENRICUM' BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. V. An ceremonias Judaeorum de amictu sacerdotali per Christum antiquatas renovare liceat? VI. An ritus ab idelolatris aut hsereticis petere, et illorum sectse ac reUgioni proprie dicatos, ad ecclesise reformatse usus transferre oporteat? VII. An conformatio et convenientia in ejusmodi ceremoniis neces sario sit exigenda? VIII. An ceremoniae cum aperto scandalo conjunctse retineri pos sint? IX. An uUas constitutiones ecclesise ferendte, quse impietate natura quidera sua carent, ad aedificationem tamen non faciunt? X. An quicquam ecclesiis a principe praescribendum in ceremoniis, sine voluntate et libere consensu ecclesiasticoram ? XI. An consultius ecclesise sic inservire, an prepterea ecelesiastica ministerio ejici, si nullum sit tertium? XII. An boni pastores, qui doctrinae et vitae inculpatse sunt, propter hujusmodi ceremonias neglectas jure a ministerio moveri possint ? En ! habes, domine colendissirae, nostras difficultates. Hic hserent multi et pii viri. In quorum gratiam jam secundo a te peto, ut re cum D. Gualtero, reliquisque symmystis, pro vestra pietate bene perpensa, quid tandem vobis videatur, velis aperte significare, et responsiones adunam- quamque quasstionem scriptis consignare. Multis sane, mihi vero im primis, rem longe gratissimam facies ; ecclesise etiam nostrse optimam navabis operam. Est etiam aliud de quo te certiorem facere volui. Decedente nostro Chambere mihi cencredita erant qusedam scripta, quse D. Hopere aliquando erant, ut videtur, carissima. Inter alia reperi D. Theoderi BibUandri com mentarium, amplum quidem et manuscriptum, in Genesin et Exodum. Equi dem cum (quod sciam) non sit usquam impressus hic Uber, noUem tali beneficio ecclesiam Christi diutius privari. Si tua dignitas velit hseredes D. BibUandri certiores facere, hoc scriptum apud me esse, iUique velint evulgare, significa cui sim librum traditurus, aut quo modo ad vos tuto perferri poterit, et me senties paratissimum voluntatis tuas executorem. Hsec sunt, de quibus tuam in dies exspectabo responsionem ; in quaestio- nibus praecipue quid sentias tu, quidque fratres sentiant, ego multorum nomine ut indices submisse peto. Deus optimus maximus te ecclesise suae valentem et viventem diutissime conservet! Londini, 16 Febr. 1566. Tuae dignitatis observantissimus, THOMAS SAMPSON. INSCRIPTIO. Reverendo in Christo patri ac do mino D. Henrico Bullingero, ecclesia Tigurina pastori Jide- lissimo. LXX.] JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 93 EPISTOLA LXX. JOHANNES JUELLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. S. PL. in Christo. Etsi proximis his diebus ad te prolixe scripserim, reverendissime pater, tamen cum occurrerent quaedam, in quibus magno pere mihi opus est judicio tuo, non alienum me facturum arbitrabar, si iterum scriberem. Sunt autem res ejusmodi, quas non dubitem te, pro tua multiplici rerum omnium cognitione, facile posse expedire. Primum, scire velim, ecquid Christiani ilU qui hodie sparsim habitant in Graecia, Asia, Syria, Armenia, &c. utantur privatis istis missis, quse nunc receptse ubique sunt in papismo ; quoque genere missarum, privatene an pubUco, Grseci hodie Venetiis uti soleant? Deinde, cum citetur interdum quidam Camotensis, qui in paparuni vitam et insolentiam scripserit acerbius, quis ilie Camotensis, et cujus ordinis, et quorum temporum hominumque fuerit ? Postremo, quid tibi videatur de conciUo Germanice, quod aiunt olim celebratum sub Carolo Magno centra concilium Nicenum secundum de imaginibus ? Sunt enim qui confidenter negent unquam hujusmodi con cilium ullum extitisse. Peto a te per pietatem tuam, ne me insolenter putes facere, qui ista ex te quaeram, tam procul praesertim : tu enim solus jam superes unicum prope oraculum eeclesiarum. Si ad proximas nundinas rescripseris, satis erit : id autem ut facias magnopere a te pete. Itemm, iterumque vale, reverendissime pater, et domine in Christo colendissime. Sarisberiae, 10 Martii, 1566. Tuus in Christo, JOHANNES JUELLUS, Anglus. EPISTOLA LXXI. LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS ET THOMAS SAMPSON AD HENRICUBI BULLINGERUM. Cum diligentia tua, clarissime vir, in scribendo ijobis probatur ; tum vero ex Uteris illis quidem humanissimis incredibUis tuus erga nos amor, et ecelesiae nostrae singularis cura, et concordise ardentissimum studium apparent. Quaestiones aUquot misimus pietati tuae, in quibus vis et quasi cardo totius controversiae sita esse videbatur: quibus est a pietate tua accurate responsum; nobis tamen, quod bona cum venia tua dicimus, non est plene satisfactum. 94 LAURENTIUS HUMEREDtTS: ET THOMAS SAMPSON [ePIST. Prime respondet pietas tua, ministris praescribi posse leges vestiarias, ut iis colore et forma a laicis distimguantuir ; esse enim civilem observa- tionem, et apostolum velle episcopum esse Koa-piov. Cum hsec quaestio de ecclesiasticis hominibus proposita sit, et ad eeclesiasticam pelitiam spectet, quomodo habitus ministremm singularis et clericaUs civilem rationem ha bere possit, non 'videmus. Ut episcopum Kd ALLAT.E sunt ad me superiori aestate binae tuae Uterae, Rodolphe in Christo dilectissime, quas non sine magno animi gaudio accepi. Priores vere ingentem pii pectoris candorem declararunt ; raro enim invenias, qui ea animi sinceritate praediti sunt, ut amici monita eequi boni consulant. CVII.} RIUARDUS COXtrS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUST. Igg Sed ea te illusfa-avit divini Spiritus gratia, eaque perfudit caritate, ut omnia speres, et omnia credas, et omnia in optimam interpreteris partem. Postei- riores vero affectum vere fraternum erga nostram ecclesiam et erga me et aliquot fratres meos episeopos pianissimo indicarunt, quod videUcet eo nos honore afficere fueris dignatus, ut epistolarum iUarum divi PauU adCorinthies enarrationem nobis dedicares. Quae quidem enarratio adee docta, pia, et dilucida est, ut nostra, quae minima est, auctoritate nen egeat. Quod autem admonitionem ad fratemam unitatem subtexueris, manifeste significas, te, nosfrae eccksiae cura maxima tangi, optareque ut Domino Deo nostro serviamus sine impedimento et animoram distractione. Hac enira via gloria Dei et evangeUum Domini nostri Jesu Christi feUcissime propagan dum est: quanquam interim oporteat haereses esse, ut probentur electi. Multis equidem persuasionibus, efficacissimis quidem illis, in prsefatione uteris: verum quanti ponderis apud nostros nevatores habiturae sint, pre- nuntiare nen audeo. Interim tamen nolo diffidere, quin verbran Domini suo tempore fi:uctum suum allatumm sit. Magnas ago tibi gratias ob missum ad me librum. Quod si humanitati tuae plene respondere non potuero, interim tamen optimae spei filio tuoj quamdiu apud nos versabitur, prospicere atque consulere non desistam. Et quod ad ilium attinet, jubemus te in utramque dermire aurem ; ingratissi- mos enim merite nos judicare possis, si nen tantUlam tibi gratiam pree- stiterimus. Cum autem praefatienem tuam plene percurissem, delui vehementer eam adhuc editam fuisse, antequam nostrorum- hominum vanitates plene inteUexisses. Nuper enim' totius ecelesiae nostrse ordinis, scriptis contumeUosis repagula ruperunt. Ut autem quid meliantur partim inteUigas, mitto ad te qusedam capita seu articulos, quos typis premulga- runt, quosque defendendos suscepemnt. Optarem te cum fratre mee in Christo carissimo, D. Bullingero, de his dispicere et dijudicare, vestramque- sententiam de his ferre, si vobis molestum nimis non fuerit. ArticuU quorandam Angloram statum ecelesiae AngUcae hodie pertur- bantium : I. Archiepisceporum et episcoporum atque aliorum officiarierum nomina et officia penitus tollenda. II. Electie ministreram verbi et sacramentoram ad plebem revecanda est, quippe quae ad episeopos non pertineat. III. Prsescriptis precibus nemo alUgandus est. IV, Nullum sacramentum adrainistrari debet, nisi praecesserit concio sacra pronuntiata, non lecta. V. Solus pater filium suum in baptisme suseipere debet, noH alii suseeptores. VI. Omnes ecclesise ministri aequales. esse debent, non alter alter© superior. Vil.. Damnant osdinent confirmationis, quo episcopi catechismum *11— 2 164 RICARDUS' coxus AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. [ePIST^ recitantibus pueris manum imponunt, Dominumque precantur ut verbi notitiam et pietatem in illis augere dignetur. VIII. Conciones, quae habentur dura mortui sepeliuntur, uon ferunt. IX. Lectionem scripturarum sacrarum in ecclesia nen ferunt„ Alia praeterea sunt nimis sane inepta, quibus nolo te diutius detinere et taedio nimis importune fatigare. Invidet nobis Sathan beatam feUcitatem. Nen satis est papistas habere adversarios, nisi excitentur suae sententiae homines, qui dXXa^lav in ecclesiam inducere satagant. Unum pene emise- ram. Prodiit superiori aestate monstrosum velumen Cujusdam Nicolai Sanderi nostratis, ut jactant, cui titulura fecit, " Monarchia ecclesise." Apparet esse mercenarius a quibusdam cardinaUbus conductus, et aUorum opera adjutus, et ornatus tanquam ^sepia comicula. Tempestas vaUda, et nostra omnia uno flatu prostemere videri vult. Omne in reUgione judicimn christianis magistratibus eximit, papae, summo in ecclesia menarchae, et Suis totura vendicat. Mortuus est noster Juellus : paucos apud nos re liquit sibi pares. Vestri proinde atque nostri interest, hujus hydrae capita resecare. Habeo libellura tuum de papa antichristo, quem ilie sfrenue refutat. Nen sines, spero, ilium triumphare. Faciat te Deus optimus maximus in multos annos superstitem ad ecelesiae suae incoluraitatem ! Apud insulam EUensem in AngUa, 4 Februarii, 1572, juxta compu- tatienem Angloram. Mitto ad te mnemosynen, licet nimis exiguum, quinque coronatonmi Anglicerum. Tui studiosissimus in Christo frater, RICARDUS ELIENSIS, Episcopus in AngUa. INSCRIPTIO. Viro doctissimo et verbi Dei professori ejcimio, ef fratri meo in Christo caris simo, D. Rodolpho Gualtero, Tigu rino. EPISTOLA CVIII. RICARDUS COXUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. NoiSr pOssimt non esse mihi jucundissimae tuae literse, frater in Christo reverende, tantam nimirum spirantes pietatem et humanitatem. Gratulor tibi ex animo eas, quas prsedicas, corporis vires, quae tibi per Dei gra tiam sufficient ad munus tuum obeundum. Multis annis has tibi ministret benignus Dominus ad gloriam nominis sui et ecelesiae aedificationem !. CVIII.] RICARDUS coxus AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 165 Ego una tecum in Domino glorior, quod sua munificentia annum agens septuagesimum quartum viribus non destituor, quo minus Spar- tam, quam nactus sum, utcunque exornem, nisi quod manuum tremor usum scribendi nonnihil remoratur. Tantum a Domino meo contendo, ne in fiinctiene mea languescam, sed usque ad extremum fabulae ac tum ardentior evadam. Doleo te copia Ubrorum tuorum destitui. Misi, ad typographum nostrum, ut ad te transmittat aUquid ; quod fideUter ipsum prsestaturam esse recipio, nisi omnes hbri fuerint distracti. Quod de Turcis et Tracizantibus scribis, fateri oportet nos in seculo jiequam vivere, et incidisse in terapora longe periculosissima. Atque haec j-es cum subit animos piorum, inscrutabiUa judicia Dei ad stuporem usque admirantur, quid de piis futurum sit : tot Christianorum regna a Turca -occupata atque vastata, et jam ipsum capitibus nostris imminere ; Chris tianorum reUgionem in angulum detrusam, et infinitis dissidiis et conten- tionibus dissectam et dUaceratam ; denique persecutionibus crudelissimis papistarum passim exagitatam et vexatam. Super tribus sceleribus et ¦quatuor non convertet Dominus. Timeo etiam vehementer, quem exitum habiturae sint pertinacissimae nostrae eontentiones et improborum homi num spiritus a dUectione aUenissimi. Utinam sano Ubelli tui consiUo, quem de concordia ministrorum nuper edidisti, parerent I Sed optandum id quidem magis quam sperandum. De hisce dissidUs poteris nonnihil a D. Gualtero, optimo viro, cognoscere. Pergunt nostri. adhuc nova cudere. Reprehendunt orationem illam, qua Deum oramus, ut ab omni bus adversitatibus liberemur. Utimur in precibus cantico divae virginisi, Joannis Baptistae et senis Siraonis: id UU non ferunt. Utimur in fine singulorum psalmemm, cum prsesente populo recitantur, " Gloria Patri et Filio et Spfritui Sancte :" id battalegiam vocant. Sed cesso istis vani* tatibus te ulterius interturbare. Medelam istis a Deo postulamus. In terim tamen hujusmodi maUs occurrere non eessamus, quatenus Dominus vires suppeditare dignatur. Librum tuum de persecutionibus ecelesiae nondum accepi. Opto te, mi frater in Christo observande, multos annos incolumem vivere, et ad finem usque ecelesiae Dei restaurandee operam dare. Misi ad Julium aiosfrum sex coronates .nostrates. Tui studiosissimus in Christo frater, Eliensis ecelesiae episcopus et servus, RICARDUS COXUS, Episcopus Eliensis. INSCRIPTIO. Venerando patri et carissimo in Christo fratri, D. Henrico Bullingero, ecclesia Tigurina pastori fdelissimo. iSS RICARDUS coxus [ePIST, EPISTOLA CIX. RICARDUS COXUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. Accepi literas tuas mense Junie, 1573, Gualtere, frater in Christo dilectissime. Equidem miror Uteras meas ad te nen esse delatas, quas initio superioris veris scripsi et ad te, et ad vena-andum patrem et fratrem meum D. BulUngerum. Lenge mihi gratius et optandum magis, ut ex Uteris, meis didicisses, quas tum temporis scribebam, quanta cum gratulatione acceptae fuerint tuse homiUse, una cum epistola pradenter, docte, et pie de rebus aliquot controversis disserente. Didicisses prse terea ex iUis meis Uteris, quantas turbas excitarint in ecclesia nostra non male constituta homines factiosi et capitosi; qui scriptis et conci onibus atque privatis coUoquiis universam ecclesise nostrae ceconomiam refutant et eonveUunt, episceposque oinnes et ceteros verbi ministros apud plebem et apud magistratus et nobiles in odium vocant incredibUe. Imo hunc ordinem tanquam Christi ecclesise inutUem rejiciunt, et ut porsus aboleatur,.modis omnibus contendunt. Sed sanctissimam nostram Reginam et ex summis magistratibus aliquot ea imbuit Dominus Deus noster pra- dentia et pietate, ut frustra homines iUi contendant, uti speramus. An tiquum iUud , in primseva ecclesia presbyterium revocare conantur, et ministrorum omnium sequalitatem ita constituere, ut vel ab ¦ ipsa cen- temnantur et conculcentur ; adee ut timendum sit, ne pauUatim Christus ipse exuleti Quod autem ad eum, quem scribis, modum filius Uteras dedit, equi dem ingenue prohi adolescentis functus est officio. Si frequentius me inviseret vel Uteris salutaret, tantUli officii ipsum non poeniteret. Nen aegre ferendum tibi est, mi Gualtere, quod homines sectaru sen tentise tuse justissimse mail atque iraprobi interpretes evadunt. AUter eiiim fieri non potest, quin zizania crescant in agro Dominico, eaque numero nen mediocri. Hujus farinse sunt anabaptistse, Denatistse, Ar- riani, papistse, et universa sectariorum gens nequissima. Sed solidum est a Christe solatium nostrum : " Beati estis cum maledixerint vobis homines mentientes propter me." Quse autem de mederatione in rebus externis servanda scribis, modo Veritas Christi et fides illaesa retineatur, a sincera pietate et solidissimo judicio proficiscuntur. Quod ad existi- iriatienem nominis tui attinet, contemnendi quidem sunt, qui boneram omnium famam corrodere non cessant ; interim neque tuam neque nos tram famam suis maledictis labefactare valent ; non eaim iUis, sed Dopino nostro, cadimus et stamus. Spero te priores meas literas ad D. BulUngerum et ad te missas antehac recepisse. Curavi illas cum 25 gulden, ut vocant, per Ricardum CIX.] AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. 167 HiUes, mercatorem nostratem, Froschovero vestro tradi, ut ad vos defer- rentur. Dominus Jesus te nobis diutissime servet incolumem ad ecclesise suae commedura maximum ! Salutabis meo nomine ecelesiae Christi co lumnam, D. Henricum BuUingerum. Ex aedibus meis in Insula Eliensi in Anglia constitutis, die 12 Junii, 1573. Tui in Christo amantissimus, RICARDUS COXUS, .INSCRIPTIO. Eliensis Episcopus. Carissimo in Christo fratri, D. Rodolpho Gualtero, ecclesia Tigurinee preeconi fidelissimo. EPISTOLA CX. JACOBUS PILKINGTONUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. Jesus ! S. P. Si quantum tibi datur temporis et virium ad scribendum; tantiUum mihi daretur otii et valetudinis ad legendum, quae tu indefessis laboribus tuis prelo commisisti ; bene, raihi crede, mecum agi putarem : sed quum crebris infirmitatibus impedior he possim, praeterque quoti- dianas eeclesiarum curas et pubUca negotia perpetuo cum morbis et morte coUuctor, ecelesiae Dei gratulor, cui tu tantus et talis centigisti eperarius ; (senescente jam mundo et ingravescente setate mea mihi doleo, cui tam suaves fractus tuos degustare vix licet;) et tibi Nestorees annos exopto, ut quae tam feUciter coepisti, felicius exaedificare queas. Quam multi multis doctissimis tuis commentariis multum delectantur, prsecipueque postremis tuis in utram.que ad Corinthies epistolam (propter ques ego quoque in gentes ago tibi gratias seorsum), nolo nunc tibi cemmemerando narrare, nec quam' magnifice ego de iUis sentiam, expUcare, ne vanus fortassis adulator potius, quam verus in es laudator tibi fore videar. Tu perge porro, quod coepisti. Dominum Deum scriptis tuis praedicato : ecclesiam illius mysterus aperiendis sedificato : indoctos instrue, doctiores ad labores provocate: singulos hortare, mone, increpa; et Dominum communem omnium habebis inspectorem, laudatorem, et remuneraterem ampUssimum laborum tuorum in ilUus vinea repurganda positorum. Sed hic, quseso, paulisper mecum consiste, et ecclesiam hanc nostram, nunc miserrime scissam, ne dicam penitus dilaceratam, deplora ; Doraino Deo tuo coramenda, et ut nostri misertus quam cite piam quandam mede lam provideat, ut hsec ulcera sanentur, ne prorsus cerruat, exora. Audivit, sat scio, prudentia tua, idque saepius ad nauseam, de infeUci ilia inter quosdam e nostris contentione de re vestiaria et habitu ministroram, [' MS. quaquam.] 16S JACOBUS PILKINGTONUS AD RODOLPHUM . GUALTERUM. [ePIST. ^juantas tragoedias concitarit: at ea nunc sic recruduit, imo se ipsam nunc totam palam expUcuit, quse prius dissimulando delituit, ut jam non solum vestis, sed quicquid habemus politise ecclesiasticse, disciplinae, patri monii episcopalis, rituum aut precum publicarum, liturgise, vocationis ministrorum, aut sacramentorum ministerii, id omne jam pubUcis libelUs conveUatur, et non ferendum in Christi ecclesia acerrime contendatur. Solam doctrinam nobis integram reUnquunt : quicquid aliud sit, quocun que nomine appellaris, rejiciendum clamitant. Dolent pii, papistse rident, quod nos invicem jam mordemus, qui illos conjunctis copiis prius expug- nare solebamus : infirmi, quid aut £ui credendum sit, ignerant ; d8eoi suaviter in utramvis aurem dormiunt : lepoepdvrai prsedse inliiant, et ut majus incendium crescat, velut folles sedulo inflant. Miserura spectaculum et horrendum auditu, haec inter ejusdem religionis professores fieri: et tamen tota culpa in episeopos transfertur, quasi iUi soli, si veUent, omnia haec mala eradicare queant. Multa, fateor, toleramus inviti gemendo, quae toUere, si maxime velimus, nequimus orando. Sub imperio vivimus, et nihil sine principe innovare, aut abrogare sine legum auctoritate possu mus ; et num haec ferenda, vel potius ecelesiae pax ahmmpenda, sola nunc datur optio. Quam sanum sit consilium tuum in prsefatione tua ad Corinthies epistolae de varietate rituum et discipUnaram in singuUs ecclesus, utinam oranes intelligerent, et sequerentur ! At isti nihil telerandum in ritibus ecelesiae praeter tempora apestelica, et omnera discipUnam illinc derivari debere, idque sub animae et salutis aetemse dispendio, vociferando crepant. In bonam partem cape, quaeso, pauculos hos coronatos, pignus amoris mei erga te et sanam doctrinam tuam. Plures dedissem, nisi quod col- lectionem quandam instituimus in pauperes Gallos, qui, patria ejecti et bonis speliati, partim Genevam, partim hue confugerunt. Quid nuper factum sit in Scotia, ex liis versibus totum perdisces. Symmystas tuos omnes in Domine valere jubeo, prsecipueque venerandum D. BulUngerum cui excusatum ; diligenter me veUem, quod non privatim ad eum scripserim ; precerque ut cum unus sitis, unis his Uteris content! sitis. Has illi, si libet, communica, ut nostris miseriis compati et con- dolere queat. Dominus Jesus diu servet felix Tigurum in antiqua sua pace et Dei timore ! Vale in Domino, frater in Christo carissime. 20 Julu, 1573. Doctrinae et pietatis tuae studiosissimus, JACOBUS PILKINTONUS, INSCRIPTIO. Dunelmensis. Doctissimo viro, D. Rodolpho Gualtero, Tigurino pastori fidelissimo. JCXJ,] LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. 1 69 EPISTOLA CXI. LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. Immanuel ! Venit ad me Oxeniam Uteris tuis comitatus Gualterus filius tuus, imago tui et vere Zuinglianus, et vivit apud Magdalenenses, jucundus mihi et acceptus meis et gratus academiae. Commendarant eum D. comes Bedfordius et Parkhurstus, amicus tuus et episcopus noster, mihi multis nominibus observandus. Itaque et tua causa et illorum honoratissi- niorura rogatu eum in meam fidem et in collegium recepi, mihi gratulans talem me habere hospitem. D. Parkhurstus ampUssime poUicetur, se omnia necessaria suppeditaturum ; et ego meam opera et operam ultro offero, si quo modo tanti adolescentis utiUtatibus inservire potero. Wam et ingenues hominis mores ac liberale ingenium amo ; et patri taU, qui tet dies ac noctes in gignendis evangelii fiUis et in propagando christianae ecelesiae serainario consuinit, omnia me debere fateor. Perge porro in illud divinum studium ineumbere, ut dum Ucet, etiam libeat religionis puritatem tueri, et veritatem hactenus in caliginoso specu Remanistarum vel inscitia vel malitia abstmsam illustrare. Pulcherrimum enim est usque ad canes canere, et seniles atque adeo cygneae commentationes sunt dulcissimae et gravissimae. Hinc vobis talentum magis a Domino con cessum, hinc pax et otium et secessus dantur, hinc typographiae preestan* tissima commoditas, ut in hac affluentia rerum omnium, in summa op- portunitate prositis nobis Britannis, toto orbe divisis, qui omnibus fere his adminiculis indigemus. Quamquam Dei beneficio omnia sunt apud nos pacata, Ucet proximus paries ardeat. Nondum enim faces civilium beUorura in GaUia et Flandria penitus extinctse sunt, tametsi de honestis quibusdam conditionibus pacis colloquium instituatur. In Scotia ilia virginalis arx Edinburgensis, (sic enim Scoti vocarunt,) quantumvis hactenus invicta, nunc demum prostituta est et capta ; quam Regina nostra non sibi sed puero regi subegit. Itaque, Regina ipsorum apud nos asservata, et conjuratis omnibus vel se dedentibus vel deletis, et amicitia inter eos mutua cealescit, et una reUgio summo omniura con sensu recepta in ee regno efflorescit. Dominus Jesus te et tuos, D. Bul Ungerum, Simlerum, Lavaterura, ac totam ecclesiam vestram conservety et omni benedictione cumulet ! Raptim, in mediis cemitiis Magdalenen- sibus. Oxoniae, 28 JuUi, 1573. Tuae pietatis observantissimus, LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS. INSCRIPTIO. Carissimo viro, D". et fratri colendissimo, D. Rodolpho Gualtero. Tiguri. 170 EDMUNDUS GRINDALLUS ; [epIST. EPISTOLA CXII. .EDMUNDUS GKINDALLUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salutem in Christo ! Sub finem Decerabris elapsi accepi Uteras tuas, carissime D. BuUingere, 24 Augusti scriptas, quo die imraani et inaudita crudeUtate trucidati sunt Parisius admfralius cum aliis nobilibus et maxima fidelium multitudine. Hos nobis protuUt finctus egregium iUud foedus GalUcum, de que tanta bona sperabamus. Fuerunt quidem antea infames vesperae Siculse ; sed istse, ut ita dicam, matutinse GaUicse illas quam longissime intervallo post se reUnquunt. Videt haec Dominus et requiret. Multi exules ex Galiiis Londinura confluxere, et inter hes multi eeclesiarum ministri, qui satis benigne ibidera hospitio excipiuntur, et piorum eleemosynis sublevantur. Res nostrae post sopitam illam controversiam de ritibus aliquandiu valde erant tranquiUae ; quum in mediura provolarunt quidam Ubelli satis virulenti, furtim contra leges impressi, in quibus universa fere ecelesiae nostrae externa pelitia oppugnabatur. Archiepiscepos enim et episeopos prorsus in ordinem cogendos esse censent ; ministros ecelesiae a plebe tantum eligendos ; inter ministros aequaUtatem esse constitu endam ; in singulis urbibus, oppidis, parecluis' sive pagis, erigendura esse consisterium, ex pastore et senioribus illius loci constitutum, qui soli de omnibus ecclesiasticis negotus judicent: ecclesiam Anglicanam christianae ecclesise 'vix faciem aliquam habere; precum ecelesiasticarran nen debere aUquam certam formam praescribi, sed in cpetibus sacris uni cuique ministro orandum, prout Spiritus Sanctus dictaverit : pertinaoium papistarum infantes quoad usum baptismi (uter enim illorum verbis) immundes esse, nec tamen idcirco a divina electione excludendos : multa alia prsetereo, quae recensere nimis longum esset. Sed nuper proraulga tura fuit edictum regium, quo cavetur, ne hujusmodi Ubelli faniosi post hac publicentur; quod istorum conatus, uti spero, retardabit. Juvenes sunt, qui ista spargunt, et habent sues sufiiragatores, praesertim ex his qui bonis ecclesiasticis inhiant : sed tamen gaudeo, Humfrediun et Samp sonum ac ceteros nonnuUos, qui antea de ritibus quaestiones movebant, ab hac factione prorsus esse alienos. Arx Edinburgensis in Scotia, de qua antea scripsi, Anglicis nostris tormentis per viginti dies continues quassata, tandem 28 Maii elapsi ad deditionem coaeta est : de primariis supplicium sumptum. Est igitur jam Scotia universa ad pueri regis obedientiam redacta ; a Gallis propter disparitatem religionis et crudelitatem erga fideles superiore anno exerci- tam prorsus aliena ; nostrae vero Reginae, quae toties Scotos in libertatem vindicavit, deditissima ; quod ex versibus inclusisj, Edinbragi impressis, facUe conspicere potes. CXH. J AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. lYl Res GaUicse sunt vobis satis notae. In HoUandia et Selandia princeps Auriacus classe superior est ; terra dubio semper eventu certatur. Domi- mis misereatur ecclesise suse, et his maUs tandem aUquando finem impenat, ut. ipsum uno ore glorificemus ; qui tuam pietatem ecelesiae suae quam diutissime incolumem conservet! Eboraci, ultimo Julii 1573. Deditissimus tibi in Domino, EDM.' EBORACENSIS. P.S. Statui (volente Domino) ad nundinas vemas aliquid nostri pvnpoervvov ad te mittere : quod nunc artificis negUgentia paratum non erat. INSCRIPTIO. Domino Henrico BuUingero seniori, ecclesia Tigurina ministro fide lissimo, fratri ac symmystee in Domino carissimo. EPISTOLA CXIII. EDMUNDUS GRINDALLUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. . Salutem in Christo, carissime D. Gualtere! Quod homiUas tuas in 1 ad Corinthios nuper editas sub mee ac aliorum qiiorundam carissi- morum fratmm et coUegarum meorum nomine apparere voluisti, gratissi mum fiiit; atque eo nomine, quod ad me attinet, (spero autem ceteros idem facturos,) gratias pietati tuse ago quam maximas. Duo exemplaria ligata misit ad me filius tuus, quorum alterum misi ad D. Dunelmensem, cui etiam, uti scribit, gratum fuit munus ; alteram apud me retineo. Non est cur audaciam tuam in scribendo ad me tam diligenter excuses : es enim mihi, etsi nen ex facie, ex scriptis tamen tuis, singulari eru ditione et doctrina refertissimis, satis notus; et propter eximiam pietatem, quam ubique spirant tua scripta, addo etiam, propter arctissimam in vera Christi doctrina consensienem, carissimus. Filium tuum, quia ipse a Cantabrigia procul absum, D. Johanni Whitegifto, optimo viro, et coUegii, in quo degit filius, prsefecto, serio commendavi ; quem etiam oravi, ut morum quoque se censerem satis severum, si opus esset, prseberet : sed non erit opus, uti spero ; audio enim fiUum tuum admodum studiosum esse ac modestum, et.ab omni levitate aUenum. De rebus nostris pauca scripsi ad D. BulUngerum, quae ipse, non dubito, communicabit. Scripsi etiam ad Ricardum Hilles, mercatorem Londinensem, ut quinquaguita coronatos GaUicos tibi ad sequentes nundinas 172 EDMUNDUS GRINDALLUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. [epIST, Francfordianas transmittendes curaret ; 30 sciUcet ex me, reliques mittit D. Dunelmensis, cujus etiam literas una cum istis recipies. Hoc tenue munusculum oramus ut bonam in partem accipias. Vale in Christo quam optime, frater in Domino carissime. Eboraci, ultimo Julu, 1573. Tuus in Christo, EDMUNDUS EBORACENSIS. INSCRIPTIO. Domino Rodolpho Gucdtero, ecclesia Tigurinee ministro, fratri carissimo. EPISTOLA CXIV. EDWINUS SANDUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Multis modis multum tibi debeo, vir colendissirae ; et quod me semper summa benevelentia ac caritate cemplexus es, et quod tam diU genter atque etiam frequenter ad me perscriberC non es dedignatus. Pro quibus omnibus cum ipse parem gratiam referre nequeam, agam tamen gratias quam maximas, et me tibi propter istam singularem humanitatem tuam multo devinctissimum esse libenter et perpetuo agnoscam. Quod rarius ego ad te scribo, id haud negUgentiae meae adscribas veUm, sed quod rarius (his praesertim turbulentissimis temporibus, cum omnia •beUe, tumultibus, et csedibus flagrant) reperiuntur tabeUarii qui ad vos pro- fiscuntur. Nemo enim est home, cui Ubentius scriberem, quam domino Bullingero, quem ut propter summam humanitatem suam plurimura semper amavi, sic propter singularem eruditionem et raram pietatera, ceterasque virtutes exiraias, multum veneratus sum. Cum enim in animo revolve, (id quod ssepissime facie,) quanto cum favore et gratia a vobis exceptus eram, quam fraterne et humaniter me exulantem tractastis, et in quanta felicitate mihi apud vos visus sum vivere ; nihil magis mihi in votis est, quam ut liberatus istis curis et solicitudinibus, quibus jam obruor, quod reUquum est temporis, Tiguri tamquam peregrinus et privatus consumerem. Hujus modi cogitationes mihi quotidie occurrunt, nec quicquam est quod potius exoptarem. Sed video hoc fieri non posse. Non mihi sum natus : eccle sia nostra, quae pessirais his temporibus pessime agitatur, et infeliciter tur- bata est, meam operam vehementer efflagitat ; sponsam Christi pericUtan tem non audeo deserere ; reclamaret etenim conscientia, et proditionis me argueret. Oriuntur ex nobis novi oratores, stulti adolescentes, qui cum auctoritatem contemnant, nec superiores patiantur, totum ecclesise nostrae statum, pie constitutum et summo optimorum consensu confirmatum et stabilitum, funditus suhlatum ac eradicatiun esse volunt ; et nescio quam CXIV.J EDWINUS SANDUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 173 novam ecclesise fonnam nobis fabricare contendunt. Et non putares, quanto cum applausu hsec nova facies rerum cum a populo tum a nobilitate amplexa sit. Populus mutatienes amat, et libertatem quaerit ; nobUitas vero utiUtatem. Isti boni viri utrumque dant, idque largiter. Verum ut rem omnem meUus cognoscas, summam controversiae in capita quaedam redacta accipies : I. CiviUs magistratus nullum jus habet in res ecclesiasticas. Est tantum membrum ecclesise, cujus gubernatio penes ecclesiasticos viros esse debet. IL Ecclesia Christi non admittit aliam gubernationem^ quam iUam solum, quae fit per presbyterium: scUicet per ministram, seniores et diaconura. III. Nomina et auctoritas archiepisceporum, archidiacenorum, deca- noram, caneellariomm, commissariorum, cum hujusmodi tituUs et dignita- tibus, ab ecclesia Christi omnino submoveantur. IV. Habeat unaquaeque parochia suum proprium presbyterium. V. Electio ministrorum necessario spectat ad plebem. VI. Bona, possessienes, terrae, proventus, tituli, henores, auctoritates, et alia qusecunque spectantia vel ad episeopos, vel ad ecclesias cathedrales, et quae iUis jam jure debentur, prorsus auferantur et in perpetuum tellan tur. VIL Nemo debet concionari, nisi qui est pastor alicujus gregis ; et apud suum tantum gregem, non alibi, concionem habeat. VUI. Infantes papistaram nen sunt baptizandi. IX. Judicialia Mesis spectant ad christianos principes, nec ab illis unguem: latum discedere debent. Multa sunt alia ejusdem generis, non minus absurda, quae non comme- morabe ; quse omnia, si quid ego judice, nen faciunt ad bonum et pacem ecclesise, sed ad ruinam et confusionem. Telle auctoritatem, ruit populus in omne flagitium. ToUe patrimonium ecclesise, et eadem opera non solum benas literas, sed et ipsam reUgionem auferes. Sed jam videor rem praeju- dicare. ; Percupio, doctissime vir, tuam et D. Gualteri, D. Simleri, reliquo- rumque fratram audire de istis rebus sententiara, quara ut sanara et verbo Dei consentaneara libenter ipse sequar. Si enira vestmra de tota contro versia interponeretur judicium, dubio procul multum faceret ad pacem ecelesiae nostrae. Clamitant isti boni viri, quod habeant omnes ecclesias reformatas stantes ex partibus suis. De statu reipubUcae nostrae nihU dicam : hactenus omnia sunt pacata ; sed verendum ne intestinae istae dissensiones tandem in perniciem patria: evadant. Mitto ad tuam deminationem tantum panni Anglici, quantum sufficit ad conficiendam tibi togam. Utere, quseso, et pro tua humanitate boni 174 EDWINUS SANDUS AD HENRICUM BBLLINGEKUM. [ePISTI consule, Bene vakj vir colendissime, et precibus tuis Deo me habeas commendatum, quaeso. Raptim. Londini fai AngUa, 15 Augusti, 1573. Tuus in Christo frater, EDWINUS SANDUS, Episcopus Londinensis. INSCRIPTIO. Viro colendissimo et fratri suo caris- •simo, domino Henrico Bullingero, ecclesice Tigurinee pastori vigilantis simo,. In Hdvetia. EPISTOLA CXV, RICARDUS eOXUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTEHUM. QuoD Uteris tuis lohge humanissimis mense Decembri mflii traditis me inviseris, Gualtere in Christo carissime, gratias ago tibi quam possum maximas ;, quibus- plane significas te ecelesiae Christi vel procul dis- sitae solicitudine affici : quae quidem omnium in ecclesia pastorran cura non postrema debet esse, inprimis vero eorum, qui prae aUis erudSaonis et judicii atque pietatis munere poUent. D. Whitgiftus, schismaticorum hostis acerrimus et praecipuus in ecclesia nostra malleus, cum animad- vertisset effrsenes homines repagula legum religienisque bene quieteque censtitutae suo teraerario impetu rupisse, libellosque famesos clam prelo commissos palam sparsisse, et ex tuis ad Parkhurstum nostram Uteris, quas multis communicarant, jam ansam arripuisse ad suos errores cen- firmandes ; ad' veritatis defensionem magnopere interesse putabat, si Uterae ad me tuae publicarentur. Priores tuae Uterae per falsos aecusatores a te extortse fuerant; posteriores vere simplex Veritas- in lucem pretulft. Neque enim est, quod istarum pubUcatiene niovearis, quse laudem tibi decusque peperemnt, eo quod veritati sufiragantur, cujus neminem pudere debet. NonnuUos nastremm hominum errores quaestionibus ad te meis pa- tefeci : in quibus quod animi tui sensum tam candide et sincere expUcuisti, rem nobis gratissimam fecisti. Non enim levis momenti est in ecclesia nostra D. Bullingeri et D. Gualteri jucUcium. Sed rixa^ tores nostri ita tefgiversantur, atque ita suo sensu abundant, ut nemini eedant qui suis sententiis adversetur, vestraque omnia, scripta in suas partes^ tanquam obtorto coUo, trahere, nituntur. Iftque aliquod specimen; CXV.ji RICARDUS coxus AO RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. 175 illorum candoris tibi ' depingam ; universum ecclesise nosb-se AngUcanae ordinem invertere sedulo conantur. Noctes et dies et plebeios et nobiles solicitant, incitantque ad odium eorum, qui jam, abdicate papismo, mi nisterio. fideliter funguntur, fidemque eomm apud omnes infirraare atque elevare satagunt. In qua re ut gratiores et plausibiUores fiant, harpyiis nostris, quae prsedis et rapinis nostris avide inhiant, eeclesiarum cathe- dralium proventus ac reditus in alios nescio quos usus transferendos esse clamitant. Nec alios episeopos contendunt esse praeficiendos, nisi in singulis paroeciis singulos pastores, quorum summam volunt esse aucto ritatem cum suo presbyterio regendi ceteros parechianos. Atque hac ratione suam erigunt atque stabiUunt aequaUtatem. Praeter hanc nullam omnino agnoscere volunt ecelesiae gubemationem. Praeterea fundes et aedes epi scoporum verti volunt in pios usus. At, talpis caeciores, nen vident a vera- cibus lupis mex esse devorandos. Sunt apud nos 23 episcopatus, quorum aUi satis tenues habent posessiones, alii mediecres, alii pinguiores : sed omnes intra mediocritatem. Hi omnes praeter verbi et sacramentorum administrationem nullis negotiis se immiscent, nisi ad legis praescriptum aut ad sumrai magistratus mandatum. Neque in his, quod sciam, du- riter cum fratribus agunt ; sed quae dura sunt, mira lenitate temperant : id quod dolenter conquererentur, si nostra jurisdictio ad laices, ut vocant, transferretur. Facile sentirent aurea aeneis esse cemmutata, Quam vera autem sint, quae auribus piorara centra nos insusurrarant, dies declarabit. Et nostra gloriatio est testimonium conscientiae^- Utinam acquiescerent sano et prudenti tuo consUio, niraimm ut telerarent, quae non sine ingenti periculo corrigi possunt! Aggressi primum ftierant parva; jam vero pai;va et magna sursum et deersum miscent et cenfun- dunt omnia, ecclesiamque in grave discrimen conjicerent, si Regina nostra pientissima nen summa fide sibi constaret, vanitatemque et ho minum levium inconstantiam exhorresceret atque compesceret. Ut autem isti tumultuantes fratres fraenentur, si quid magistratus mandat, ejus mandati executores esse non detrectamus, hinc nimia severitas, ne dicam erudeUtas, nobis injustissime imputatur. Sed illud unicum habemus so latium, Christi religionem comitem habere crucem, quam libenter ferre juvabit nos Spfritu sue. Fflius tuus, optima spei adolescens, hoe solum habet peccatum, quod rarius me invisit. Sed modo cogor iUi ignoscere, quod in altera nostra academia, Oxoniensi sciUcet, longe a me distanti, degit. Sed spero. ilium me aalutaturam esse in discessu. Prudenter a te factum, quod fiUo tup tam provide consuUs, ut. instar Ulyssis multomm piores et urbes videat, et, tanquam apis sedula, pietatem sugat ex omnibus ecclesiis. Deus Ulum reducem faciat ad benedictionem patris! Christus Jesus te nobis diutis sime servet incolumem ! [1 MS. constantin^.} ' 176 BICARDUS coxus AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM; [ePIST* Ex insula EUensi in AngUa, tertio Februaru, 1573, juxta computa- tioneni AngUcam. Tui in Christo amantissimus, RICARDUS COXUS, ecelesiae EUensis pastor et servus, RiCABDUS ElIensis. INSCRIPTIO. Amico meo carissimo et verbi Dei ministro fidelissimo, D. Rodolpho Gualtero, Tigurino. EPISTOLA CXVL JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salve, suavissime D. BuUingere. Literas tuas scriptas 26 Augusti accepi 21 Novembris, quo quidem tempore nova et severa edicta pub licata sunt centra ees, qui vel nostras ceremonias contemnunt, vel observarenolunt. Deus bene vertat, et omnium Christi ecclesiaram mise reatur! Faxit Deus ne lateat anguis in herba! Gratias ago ingentes pro libro tuo doctissime, scripto de persecutionibus ecclesia?, a Simlero nostro Latine reddite, quem non ita pridem accepi. Germanicus nunquam ad meas- pervenit manus. Scribis te septuagenarium esse: utinam tandem fias centenarius vet ipsius ecclesise caussa ! Ego certe annura sexagesimum tertiura, annum scUicet mihi climactericum, fere abselvi. Uxor mea est puella sexaginta septem annorum et ultra, ut ipsa refert. Quod omnia pacifica sunt in Helvetia, gaudeo. Quod cum militibus mercenariis tam infeUciter sit actum, nen doleo. Ante festum Barthelomaei non coepta est apud nos in Norfolcia messis; quae valde fuit humida et pluviesa: vix fuit in tota messe serena dies', ita ut non parva pars frugum nobis perierit; at indefessa operarierum dUigentia pars maxima servata est. Non solum' frumenti, sed omnium rerum, caritas apud nos est maxima. ' Unde ista caritas, quasris ? Quia frigescit apud nos caritas. Ante festum puri- ficationis nuUas hic vidimus nives, nullum pene sensimus gelu: nunc utrisque abundamus. Salutes, quseso, meo nomine Omnes amicos meos, et ipsum Julium, inter amicos nen postremum. Male sit Thimeltherpo, coUectori longe- omnium pessimo, qui me aliquid pro amicis coUigere non patitur. Sed CXVI.J JOHANNES PARKIIUllSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 177 spero raeUora. Deus servet te et omnes meos Tigurinos ! Amen. Rap tim. Ludhamiae, 6 Februaru, 1574. Mea teque tuosque salutat. Vale. Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, N. INSCRIPTIO. Clarissimo viro D. Henrico Bullingero. Tiguri. EPISTOLA CXVII. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. Literas tuas scriptas 22 Februaru, 1573, accepi 20 Augusti. Ju venis ilie Gulielraus Barlous, cui dedisti, nunquam mihi (quod sciam) est cognitus vel visus. Ubiquitarius iUe Jacobus Andreae, qui minatur se scripturum contra Vitebergenses et meos Tigurines, laterem lavabit, et suam omnibus predet stultitiam. Nos Angli neque Ubiquitatem neque alia opinionum portenta ferre possumus ; tantum abest, ut taUa defense- mus, Tantum pro ceremoniis, vestibus, et rebus nihili digladiamur. Uti nam tandem aliquando hae veUtatienes et lites sopiantur et sepeliantur ! Certe papistae in spem, nescio quam, eriguntur; at spero, vanam. Do rainus det istis rebus finem, et papistis funera ! Spero nostram Magda- Jenam ante multos menses quartana liberatam. Et Dominus te et meam uxorem liberet podagra ! Amen. Raptim, Ludhamise, 8 Februarii, 1574. Saluta tuam et omnes meos amicos. Mea vos omnes, Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, Nordovicensis. INSCRIPTIO. Eximio viro D. Josia Simlero. Tiguri. EPISTOLA CXVIII. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salvus sis in Christo, carissime BuUingere! In prioribus meis Uteris, quas 6 Februarii ad te misi, ingentes egi gratias pee doctissimo Ubello, quem de persecutionibus ecclesise ad me *12 178 JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD HENRICU.M BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. miseris, et nunc etiam ago. Latinum accepi, Germanicum ne adhuc quidem vidi. Literas tuas 10 Martii datas 26 Junii accepi ; in quibus scribis, te responsum quoddam ad Brentianos nunc ad me misisse, et prseterea duas homiUas in psalmum 130 et 133 : at ego nihU horum accepi. Male sit ilUs, per ques tanti thesauri mihi subtrahuntur ! PueUa qusedam Belgio-Germanica septendecim vel ectedecim anno rum toto integro anno Nordevici a Sathana miserrime est vexata, et haec illius ecelesiae concionatori servivit. Quae quidem pueUa omnibus ten- tationibus et dilacerationibus in fide firma perstitit, et adversarie plus quam viriliter restitit. Tandem Dei auxUio victus diaboius iUam reliquit, et eodem quasi momento filium cujusdam senatoris invasit, quem etiam ad aliquot septimanas incredibiUter adflixit. Fiebant me jubente in civitate publicae preces, indicto etiam jejunio usque ad vesperam. Dominus misertus est etiam pueri, et hostem profligavit. Puer erat tredecim vel ad summum quatuordecim annoram, in sacris Uteris pro pueritia diligenter versatus, quas fide immotus fortiter centra hostem est ejaculatus. Vivit Dominus, per quem pueri et pueUae imbecUUs aUoqui naturae tantum et tam immanem adversarium vincere possunt. Deo sit laus ! Confessio ilia verse reUgionis, quam 1566 edidistis, loquitur AngUce, et omnium manibus teritur. Adhuc durat apud nos omnium rerum caritas. Revertitur ad vos Rodolphus Gualterus, nostri Gualteri fiUus, juvenis valde eruditus, ingenio acri, moribus pus. Pater iUi est offensus, quod parcius non vixerit. In hoc si peccavit, juvenUi setati est con- donandum. Tu ilUus patrem exora, ut filium non aliter amplectatur reducem, quam optimus ilie pater, Luc. 15. Saluta, quseso, mee nomine omnes meos amicos, tuos fiUes et fiUas, praesertim Dorotheam, quam utinam Deus velit nostro Rodolpho in matri monio adjungere! Certe ego id serio opto. Quod si evenerit tue nostri Gualteri consensu, ego mirum in modum gaudebo, et vos merito, uti spero, gaudebitis, et Dominus illorum nuptus benedicet. Vale, mi BuUmgere, et me, quod facis, ama. Mea vos omnes. Raptim. Lud hamiae, penultimo Junii, 1574. Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, N. - INSCRIPTIO. Eximio viro D. Henrico BuUingero. Tisuri. IX.] JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD JOSIAM SI.MLERUM. 179 EPISTOLA CXIX. JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS AD JOSIAM SIMLERUM. Salve, mi Simlere. Non est quod tantas mihi agas gratias pro nosfro Rodolpho : dignus est in quem multo plura beneficia expend i debeant. Vocatus a patre per literas mihi missas, et tuo consilio persuasuf, jam properat demum. Ego constitueram eum diutius in Anglia detinere, et in academia Oxoniensi alere, idque absque patris impensis. Sed cum ita vultis, discedat me non renitente, sed bona cum venia. Ego ilU beneficiam vel absenti. Mirum est quod vacca cervum pepererit : sed minus mirum, quod ita sit factum nen procul a monstresis raonachis et sedomiticis bestus. Ego nec libellum tuum contra Brentianos, nec bibliethecam abs te auctam, accepi. Fortassis ebUvioni dedit Froschoverus. Quicquid sit, ego tibi pro tua benevelentia gratias ago. Optarim ut de uxore Rodolpho prospiciatis. Si meum consilium aspernari nelueritis, erit ilia Dorothea D. Bullingeri filia. Est iUa pia, et piis parentibus genita. Ita etiam noster. Quare bene feceritis, si pio conjugio per vos copulentur. Bene vale, carissime Josia. Nostram Magdalenam, Annam, Nobilita- tulam, una cum maritis, mee nemine salvere jubebis. Salutibus etiam adobrues HaUerum, Lavateram, WonUchium, Wickium, Julium, Froscho verum, Johannem Henricum Fabricium, Michaelem, si vivit, Mejeros, Cel- larios, Thaddeum, Bettam, et omnes alios. Mea vos omnes. Iterum vale. Raptim. Ludhamiae, 30 Junii, 1574. Tuus, JOHANNES PARKHURSTUS, N. INSCRIPTIO. Praclaro viro D. Josia Simlero. Tiguri. EPISTOLA CXX. RICARDUS COXUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. Liters tuae, quas 16 Martii scripsisti, 1574, frater in Christo carissime, accepi sequente mense Junie; quae quidem me magnopere delectarunt, et quod a viro amicissimo profectae, et quod commonefecerint "12—3 180 RICARDUS coxus AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. [ePIST. omnes veritatis hostes jam passim conspirare et sese expedire ad inter- necionem omnium, qui Christi religionem profitentur. Equidem expedit piis omnibus haec scire, ut arment se tempestive tota armatura Dei. Et quanquam adhuc securi esse videamur, videmus tamen periculosa papistarum melimina undique nos cingentia. Imo ex nobis ipsis subinde, quasi e suis cavernis, predeunt aculeati serpentes, aculeos venenates ex- ercentes, quos hactenus per Dei gratiam vitavimus. Verum cum animum adverte ad scelera, quae passim exundant, et ad divini verbi cum neg lectum, tum contemptum, horrore concutior, et cogitando pertimesco, quid Deus de nobis statuturus sit. Si unquam, jam locum habet psalmus : Dixit insipiens in corde suo, etc. si unquam, jam: Exsurgat Deus, et dissipentur inimici ejus, etc. Justo judicio de nostrorum hominum presbyterio judicas, doctissime Gualtere, tibique astipulantur sanieres Anglicae ecelesiae ministri ; et nuUum fere jam tumultuesi homines nobis negotium facessunt, nisi quod instar larriiarum in tenebris nostros ritus redere pergunt. Severiori castigatione jampridem compescuntur, et doctissima refutatione cenvincuntur. Cum tot undique sanguinarios adversaries habemus praeter Turcas, papistas nimi rum, dolendum quidem certe tot dissidia in ecclesiis refermatis existere, ut sue ipsorum gladio sese conficere videantur. His malis tandem medeatur Dominus Jesus Christus, unicus noster Medicus I Non dubito quin ea in te vigeat veritatis vis, ut cum patrocinie eguerit vel apud nos vel apud vos, vel quocunque tandem loco, te Cliristi athletam praestiteris. DiscipUnam morum, de qua mentionem facis in tuis Uteris, utcunque retinemus : sed si qui nostros magnates cogant ei coUa submittere, perinde facient atque si quis barbam leonis raderet. Ubiquitariorum insaniam jam olim Petras Martyr, modo vero vester Josias Simlerus, doctissime et fortissime contuderunt. Sed veniens ve niet et non tardabit, qui praefractos oinnes suo maUee contundet et coiiteret. FUius tuus, optimse indolis adolescens, jam discessuras humaniter me salutavit. Precor Deum ut redeat ad te incolumis, et ut longaevus pater fruaris jiio fiUo. Vale. Ex insula Eliensi in AngUa, 12 Julu, 1574. Tui in Christe frater amantissimus, RICARDUS COXUS. cxxi.] RICARDUS coxus AD HENRICUM liULLl.\GEUUM. 181 EPISTOLA CXXI. RICARDUS COXUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Ex Uteris, quas superiore vere scriptas mense Junie accepi, meas, quas anno 1573 ad te dederam, tibi non fuisse traditas intellexi. Quae res tibi suspicandi causam subministrare potuit, me scribere neglexisse. Certe ea negUgentia, frater in Christo dilectissime, crimine nen vacaret, si passus fuissem eam ingratitudinis notam mihi inuri, ut amicorum literas et pias et doctas et humanissime scriptas negligerem, iisque officiose respondere de- trectarem. Scripsi equidem ad te literas (spero non ingratas) anno 1573, quas cum munusculo, licet exiguo, tradendas curavi cuidam Ricardo Hill, ut ejus opera ad vos deferrentur. Quod si factum non est, non cessabo indagare cujus culpa ea res nen successit. Ex Uteris tuis intelligo, te non adee defecta senecta laborare, quin munus tibi creditum satis commode possis obire : id quod meo judicio consecutus es partim usu, rerum omnium magistro, partim pio affectu, quo vehementer excitatus nunquam cessasti evangelii et pietatis negotia in cessanter propagare ; maxime vere, quod Christi Spiritu inflammatus nun quam ejus metibus defuisti. Utcunque est, tibi et ecelesiae Cliristi ex anime gratulor, post tot labores ad gloriam Dei exantlatos te ad vegetam senectutem feUciter pervenisse, quae non cessat pro omnibus ecclesiis curam gerere. Atque hoc quidem constat ex scriptis, quibus doces, mones, consolaris, non solum Tigurinam, sed etiam ecclesiam Christi vere catholi cam. LibeUus tuus de persecutionibus hisce ultimis temporibus nequam et periculosis apprime utilis est ad confirmandos pios in patientia Christi et religionis sinceritate. Falleris, si putas me Germanica inteUigere: jam quindecim plus minus anni sunt, quod eam Unguam vel summis labris degustaverim. Attamen Helveticas tuas conciones curabo Latinas fieri, ut cum majori delectatione et fructu legam. Doleo ecclesias vestras infelicibus contro versiis exagitari ; ut vere dixerit Christus, Inimicus homo superseminat dzania. O tandem reddaraur omnes bona terra I Puri nostri fratres partim ferula nostrse Reginse territi deUtescunt, partim docti cujusdam libello doctissimo refutati silent. Interim quid monstri secrete alant, nescitur. Nobiles quidam nostrates, Romani pontificis alumni, suae felicitatis pertaesi, aut :tam diuturnura evangelii cursum non ferentes, transfugerunt, hi in Galliam, illi in Hispaniam, alii alio, ut aliquid mali moliantur contra ¦pietatis professores. Tantse molis est ecclesiam Christi contra Satanae minisfa-os sartam tectam servare. Sed defendit nos hactenus Domini robw et turris eju? fortissima ; et usque ad finem proteget suos Dominus, ringen- 182 RICARDUS coxus AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. [ePIST. tibus et grassantibus duobus ilUs antichristis. Interim noctes et dies oran dus Dominus, ut exsurgat et dissipentur iniraici ejus, etc. Dominus Jesus senium tuum ecclesise faciat esse diutumum ! Ego vero, annum jam agens 75, per Dei gratiam valeo, nisi quod manuum tremor scribendiofficium remoratur. Vale, in Christo Jesu frater carissime. Ex Eliensi insula in Anglia, 20 Julii, 1574. Tui studiosissimus in Christe frater, RICARDUS, EUensis ecelesiae primus minister. INSCRIPTIO. Eximia pietatis atque eruditionis viro, D. Henrico BuUingero, ecclesice Tigurinee pastori vigi lantissimo, et fratri in Christo dileetissimo. EPISTOLA CXXII. LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM, Immanuel ! S. in Christe Jesu, observandissime Gualtere. Redit ad te filius tuus, non, ut tu scribis, prodigus, sed et doctrina et moribus ornatior. Quid enim de illo sentiam, imo quid judicet tota academia, locupletissime universitatis testimonio facile apparebit. Sic apud nos vixit, ut omnes modestiam, candorem, multas et magnas virtutes ejus une ore praedicent, et te beatum aestiment, cui Dominus talem Gualte rum et nominis et pietatis haeredem dederit. Salutabit te suis Uteris episcopus Norvicensis : de quo homine niliil dicam ; nam et tibi satis notus est, et filius tuus testis idoneus esse potest, qui nunquam ipsius erga se munificentiam clausam esse senserit. Quoniam vero ilie et causam reditus et alia generis ejusdem per Uteras exponet, nen est necesse ut idem frustra repetam. Significavit mihi D. Parkhurstus tibi hoc placere, et inteUexi ex aliis Tigurineram Uteris amices petere, ut nunc hac setate et de ma trimonio et de ministerio cogitet ; et ut ei omnia et auspicatissima et faustissima accidant, iterum atque iterum precor. Exemplar tuum de Christi praesentia in terris accepi. Quid autem reddam aut reponam, non habeo, nisi forte JueUum meum, imo potius tuum, videre cupias, quem per G. nostram mitto, et rogo, ut et corrigas et beni consulas levidense munusculum. Nos hic Dei beneficio et pacem et evangelicam margaritam possi deraus ; et ut diu fruamra-, optamus. Vicinus paries ardet, et valde timemus, ne aliqua iUius incendii scintilla nos sit conceptura. Ita securi cxxu. J LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. 18.3 et soluti sumus, ut quotidie divinae irae flammas aocendere videamur. Avertat Dominus Jesus. omne malum, misericordiae suae, nen nostrorum meritorum, memor ; ecclesiam vestram conservet, patres et fratres nostros D. BuUijigeram, Simlerum, Lavaterum et alios, teque cum tua familia ! Raptim. Oxoniae, secunda Augusti, 1574. Tuus, LAURENTIUS HUMFREDUS. INSCRIPTIO. Reverendo in Christo patri etfratri D. Rod. Gualtero. Tiguri, EPISTOLA CXXIII. EDWINUS SANDUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salutem plurimam in Christo, colendissime vir et venerande pater ! Quod tam diligenter tamque amanter ad me scribere voluisti, quam maximas habeo tibi gratias. Gratius quippe nihil mihi esse potuisset, quam tuam de nostris controversiis intelUgere sententiam. Quid autem ipse sentis de toto negotio, plenissime scribis ; video et amplector. Ego autem spero, novum hoc aedificium novae disciplinae brevi sua mole ruiturum, quando constat multos nestratium jamdudum ejus pertaesos esse, qui prius illud admirabantur ; et qui vehementissimi esse videbantur ad stabiUendam hanc novam fabricatienera, jam quasi mutata sententia cceperunt mirum in modum frigescere. Dominus det ut, sublatis omnibus dissidiis et cententionibus, idem omnes lequamur et sentiamus secundum Jesum Christum, et ut unanimiter une ere glorificemus Deum et Patrem Domini nostri Jesu Christi! De rebus Anglicanis nolo ad te scribere, quia pius et doctus hic adolescens, qui has ad te perfert literas, de omnibus certiorem te red- det. Primum pannum, quem ad te misi, piratae Flussingenses interce- perunt; secundum mittendum caravi, quem audio ad tuas pervenisse manus. Bene vale, vir colendissime, et ut precibus tuis me Deo com mendatum habeas, plurimum rogo. Raptim. Fulhamiae in AngUa, 9 Augusti, 1574. Tuus in Christo frater, et tui amantissimus, EDWINUS SANDUS, INSCEIPTIO. Episcopus London. Viro colendissimo etfratri suo carissimo, domino Henrico Bullingero, cccle.sice Tigurinee pastori vigilantissimo in Helvetia. 184 edwinus sandus ad rodolphum gualterum. [epist, EPISTOLA CXXIV. EDWINUS SANDUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. Salve, doctissime vir et carissime frater. Non opus est ut ad te scribam : en ! accipe filium tuum. Is erit mihi apud te pre Uteris, ut pote qui que in statu res nostrae Anglicanae coUecantur, optime tibi narrare possit. Innovatores nostri, qui novam ecelesiae formam nobis cudere centenderunt, non multum efficiunt; nec tam feUciter pregreditur hoc novum aedificium, uti putabant. Sentiunt tandem nobiles, in quem finem haec inselita tendit fabricatio. Auctor istarum novarum rerum, et pest Bezam primus inventor, est adolescens AngUcanus nomine Thomas Cartwrightus, quem aiunt jam haerere Heidelbergae. Inde jampridem scripsit librum Latine in defensionem novae istius discipUnae, quam nobis obtrudere voluit. Non vidi hactenus libram, sed audio impressum et ad nos allatum esse : quamprimum venerit ad manus meas, curabo ut ad te mittatur. De ceteris rebus, quae hic aguntur, filius tuus te certie- rera faciet. Ipse festinat ad iter ; ego vero ad pubUca ecelesiae negotia, quibus opprimor. Primus quem ad te misi pannus erat a praedatoribus subreptus. Rursus misi, et mercator dicit mihi te accepisse Ulum. Bene est, si ita sit. Bene vale, vir colendissirae, et perge, ut facis, me amare. Raptim. Fulhamiae in Anglia, 9 Augusti, 1574. Tuus in Christe frater et amicus, EDWINUS SANDUS, Episcopus London. INSCRIPTIO. Doctissimo viro et fratri suo carissimo, D. Rodolpho Gualtero, in ecclesia Ti gurina verbi Dei ministro, in Helvetia. EPISTOLA CXXV. RICARDUS COXUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. Salve in Christo. Plurimum tibi me debere fateor, frater carissime, quod me Uteris tuis, licet brevibus, humaniter inviseris* .^grotare te subinde non est mirum, cum senectus ipsa sit morbi genus. Si a scribendo supersedeas, in his interim acquiescemus, quae hactenus per Dei gratiam utiliter scripsisti ad ejus gloriam et suae ecelesiae sedificationem. Deus autem tibi vires suppeditet ad ea praestanda, quae animo pio praesumis ! cxxv.] KlCARDUS COXUS AD HENRICUM BULLINGERUM. 185 Quod in concordiam apud vos ventum sit, plurimum laetor. Apud nos nosb-orum factio utcunque remittitur formidine pcenae ; nam magistratus nostri subolescunt pericula nasci ex futilibus et inutiUbus innevationibus. Eaderaque formidine cempescunt papistarum furores. Atque iUos in GalUa, qui papae miUtant, ultima tentare audimus. Dorainus Jesus suis adesse dignetur ! Utinam dirumperet coeles Dominus et descenderet, et era papistarum, Turcamm, schismaticorumque fraenaret! Sed peccata nostra nen sinunt. Faxit Deus ut ad eam unitatem connitamur oranes, ad quara tu ecclesiastas omnes multis solidisque rationibus pulchre adhortaris. Ut fert occasio, saluto fratres meos tuo nomine. Mitte animi mei testimoniolum tibi et JuUo communicandum, meque tuis precibus cem- Inendo. Servet te Deus optimus maximus cum sanctissima vestra civitate ! Ex ins-jla Eliensi in Anglia, 25 Januarii, a. 1574, juxta nostram cem putationem. Tui studiosissimus et frater in Christo carissimus, RICARDUS, Eliensis Episcopus. INSCRIPTIO. D. Henrico BuUingero, fratri meo carissimo, et ecclesice Tigurinee pastori fidelissimo. EPISTOLA CXXVI. RICARDUS COXUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. Salve in Christo. Septimo Novembris, anno a Christo nate 1574, recepi Uteras tuas datas 26 Augusti, anno 1574. Ex quibus intelligo aequissimum tuum judicium de hominibus suae sententiae et veritati cedere nesciis, nec a concepta opinione discedere velentibus. Queruntur duriter nos illos tractare. Interim acerrimis convitiis pubUce et clam nos incessunt ; con cionibus, et scriptis tyjiis excusis, calumniisque nos passim adoriuntur. A nostris modeste satis refutantur. Interim optima nostra Regina, veritatis et pacis amantissima, legibus latis contra illos venit : unde nonnihil terrentur, paulatimque dilabuntur, nisi quod clam contentionis viras subinde evoraunt. Nec tamen diffitemur, piis et eraditis tuis scriptis nos nonnihil fuisse adjutos, quanquam nostri adversaru nen tanti momenti ea aestimarunt. Spero item venerandi senis, D. Henrici Bullingeri, UbeUum, quo ministros ecclesiaram ad concordiam invitat atque incitat, plurimum in hoc regno profuturura. Utinam perinde in tota Germania ! De persecutionibus in 186 KICAEDUS coxus [ePIST. Saxonia nuper natis vehementer doleo. Est admodum ferox Ulud Luthe ranorum genus. Dominus adesse dignetur causam ipsius sincere agentibus! 0 hominum inimicum, qui seminato bono semine zizania superseminare non cessat ! Interim per Dei gratiam agendum pro viriU : cetera Domino Deo nostre permittenda. Hactenus nos Dominus sua gratia conservat in pace. Submurmurant papistse, et nescio quid monstri aiunt ; sed Deus ipse males male perdat, teque ecelesiae suae diutissime servet incolumem, et me in tuis precibus Deo commenda. Ex insula Eliensi in AngUa. Tuus in Christo frater carissimus, RICARDUS COXUS, EUensis Episcopus. INSCRIPTIO. D. Rodolpho Gualtero, amico meo carissimo, et veritatis propugna- tori fortissimo. EPISTOLA CXXVII. RICARDUS COXUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. Literas tuas, doctissime Gualtere et frater in Domino carissime, 8 Martii a. 1575 datas, quae mihi eodem anno mense Maio ti-adebantur, non sine magna veluptate perlegi. Sunt enim gratitudinis officiis plenae, majoraque de me praedicant quam ego vere agnoscere possum. Non sine admiratione de divina providentia cogitare possumus, quse nunc aSlictionis igne suos probat, nunc vero respirandi spatiura cencedit, paceque gratissima fi-ui sinit. Etsi peccata plagas gravissimas mereantur, cenfidimus tamen Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum habere suam pusillam gregem, cujus pietate et precibus flecti sistique solet justissima Dei vindicta. Sed misserrima est hypocritarum conditio, quos Dominus justissimo suo judicio propter exundantia scelera tradere solet in manus diripientium, quales sunt hodie Turca, papa, et schismaticorum furibunda turba. Atque hsec quidem turba apud nos plausibili sua doctrina magnates in rete suum facile alliciunt, dum magno spiritus boatu subvertunt credula pectora miserorum, eorum maxime, quse possessienibus ecclesiaram cathedraUum, collegiorum et epis coporum inhiant, uti lupi corvique famelici. Ita Satan omnes machinas movet ad evangelium obruendum. Vehementer doleo, Saxonem ilium ita incensum esse centra pios. Nec minus ingemisco ex tristi iUo nuntie, quo ad nos defertur ecelesiae soUdissimam columnam, D. Henricura BulUnge rum, morbo laborare gravissime. Misereatur ecclesise suse benignus Domi nus, et suum Henricum pristinae valetudini restituat! Sin divinae dementias CXXVir.] AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. 187 visum fuerit ilium in coelesti suo tabernaculo coUocare, orandus est Pater Domini nesti-i Jesu Christi, ut iUius alterius Eliae Spiritum infundat in multos Elizaeos, qui jam singulari Dei gratia adhuc restent in Tigurina civitate sanctissima. Ablati sunt a nobis nuper, sed meUorem cum Christo conditionem sortiti, Parkhurstus Norwicensis episcopus, et Mattheus Parkeras, Cantua riensis archiepiscopus, Angliae nostrae primas, vir teres atque rotundus, et sincerae religionis assertor vehemens. Rogandus est Dominus, ut opera rios non minus idoneos mittere dignetur in messem suam, quee multa est. Dominus Jesus te ecelesiae suae diutissime servet incolumem ! Ex insula EUensi in AngUa, ultimo Julii, 1575. Tuus in Christo frater carissimus, RICARDUS, Eliensis Episcopus. EPISTOLA CXXVIII. RICARDUS COXUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. Posteriores literas tuas idibus Februarii recepi, doctissime Ro dolphe. Verum priores iUae multo magis me aifecerunt, cum dolore vehementi, tum gaudio non mediocri. Dolor erat vehemens ex morte Henrici BuUingeri, quem per literas, per erudita scripta et pia, multos annos jam noveram, et quasi familiariter pernoveram, etsi a facie mihi hactenus fuerit ignotus. TaU tantoque viro summoque amice orbari, quis nen anxius redderetur ? Ne dicam, quod tota Christi ecclesia in genti moerore concussa est, cum stella adeo lucida in terra diutius lucere prohibita est. Johannes inauspicatas stellas de ccelo cecidisse scribit : at nosfram stellam in ccelum ascendisse et coelo fixam esse, et ut in terra lucebat, ita magis jam in ccelo clarescere, persuasum habemus. QuaUs autem fuerit in terra, pia fama non tacet, pia vita loquitur, doc tissima scripta abunde testantur : qualis vere jam sit in coelo, Deus novit, angeli gaudent, et animae pierum exultant. Atque hoc talem virum desiderantium non leve est lenimen. Adde et aUud, unde merito laeti- tiam aecipimus, quod ecclesia ilia Tigurina, illi valedicente BulUngere, non sit destituta pastore: nam qui nunquam deserit gregem suum, cle- mentissimus Dominus, te in locum BuUingeri substituit, non minori zelo in pascendo grege, nec minori fertitudine ad propulsandos gregis hostes. Benedictus es tu, qui spontanea voluntate hoc onus in te suscipis, ut Dei gloriae inservias, et ipsius religionem fideliter procures. Quod autem ad eeclesiarum turbas et haereses attinet, scimus opor tere haereses esse, ut probentur electi, et per multas tribulationes 188 RICARDUS COXUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. [EPfsT. regnum Dei acquirendum esse, et in patientia nostra possidendae sint animae nostrse. Dolendum id quidem certe, quod Saxo adeo hostiliter saeviat. Det Deus aliquando piam reconciliationem ! Nullam videmus spem pacis in GaUia: tyrannide ibi aguntur omnia: Rex cum fratre et matre decreverunt, omnes evangelicos aut in exilium mittere, aut ad internecienem adigere. In Belgico quid agatur, nondum satis constat, nisi quod nostra Regina lites cemponere satagat. Nostri autem singu- laritatis homines formidine pcenae quiescunt, nisi quod clara nescio quid monstri alant. Et qui curas et res hujus mundi sectantur, negotium nobis facessunt, ut quse nostra sunt, nescio quibus artibus et delis, nobis auferre, et nos ad mendicitatem pertrahere nitantur, ut ad conditionem primitivae ecelesiae et apostolorum paupertatem nos revocent. Mise reatur Deus afflictae ecelesiae suae, et a mundi maUgnitate tueatur, et vobis omnibus, qui Christum Jesum profitemini, benedicat! Misi ad te exiguara animi mei significationem, cujus partem velim te Julio Terentiano impertire. TuuS in Christe Jesu frater, RICARDUS COX, EUensis. INSCRIPTIO. Eruditione et pietate ornatissimo D. Rodolpho Gualtero, ecclesia Tigurinee ministro fidelissimo. EPISTOLA CXXIX. ROBERTUS HORNUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERUM. Gratia et pax in Christo ! Etsi sermo multus fereque quotidianus, Gualtere in Christo carissime, quem habeo cum Barloo mee de fratri bus Tigurinis, multum me oblectat, carusque valde mihi est ; isto tamen colloquio, quantumvis jucunde, animus cententus nen est, neque tran- quillus esse vult, nisi cum Gualtero mee, quem intime amo, et per iUum cum ceteris ministris Tigurinis plurimum mihi dilectis, per literas saltem coUoquar. Literse autem eo erunt breviores, quod materia scri bendi mihi uberior in prsesentia non suppetat. Nova apud nos prope nulla sunt, quae scribam. Eodem in statu, (sit laus Deo !) belle satis persistunt omnia. Contentiosi autem ilU, aut si mavis ambitiesi, imo plane malitiesi, qui apud nos importunis suis dis- cordiarum inurgiis liberam evangelii cui-suin reraorabantur, plebemque ineptiis suis dementatam per varias nuper opinionum vanitates, aut po tius erroram insanias, in nescio quas puritates distrahebant, obticescunt,, cxxix.] ROBERTUS IIOUXUS AD RODOLPHUM GUALTERU.M. 189 deUtescunt, vilescunt. Quantum tamen istis tu, Gualtere, ceterique istic fratres nostri, qui cura illis non senserint, debeant, ex libri illius, quem de ecelesiae AngUcae a vera disciplina aberratione inscripserunt, pagina 46, si evelveris, facile recognosces. Cetera quidem apud nos, ut primum, constituta permanent, praecipue vero et pax et pietas. Floret evangelium, cursumque habet liberrimum. Ecclesia aUoqui satis Sana est, nisi quod cum antiquo illo morbo cen- flictetur, que seraper hactenus etiam ab incunabuUs laboravit : a papismo enim ante supremum Medici Ulius magni Jesu Christi adventum peni tus non convalescet. Respublica tranquiUa est. Regina vivit, valetque : valeat autem in multos annos, Deum opt. max. precor, vivatque in aeternum ! Maximus omnium statuum conventus, quem nos vocamus par liamentum, ineunte vere agebat Londini: Regina vero vestro Helvetio rum more mutatienes non admittet, quae in eam tamen curam incumbit tota, ut plenis veUs, cum apud suos tum apud exteres, evangelii Veritas provehatur'- Ut a parvula papismum semper est abominata, ita etiam Lutheranismum, qui multum interturbat Christianismum, nunquam est admissura. Scotia iUius auspicUs in pura evangelii confessione constans permanet. Rex optimis pietatis verse praeeeptis imbuitur. Regis mater saiva, ut prius, apud nos custodia detinetur. Que in loco sint res GalUcae, scitis : Belgicis feUcem exitum optamus : de utrisque multum dubitamus. Pil kingtonus noster, nuper episcopus Dunelmise vigilantissimus, diem obiit supremum, et paulo ante dimidium mei alteram, uxor mea. A me dicas, quseso, salutem multam fratribus meis Tigurinis omni bus mihi in Christe dilectissimis, ac nerainatim D. Simlero, Lavatero, Hallero, Rod. Gualtero juniori, et Henrice Bullingero jara seniori. Do minus Jesus Christus vos omnes ad ecelesiae suae instauratienem quam diutissime conservet incolumes! Valete. Ex aedibus meis Walthamiae, 10 Augusti, 1576. Tui omniumque Tigurinerum amantissimus, ROBERTUS WINTON, INSCRIPTIO. Carissimo in Christo fratri D. Rodolpho Gualtero seniori, Tigurina ecclesia pastori dig nissimo. [' MS. provehat.} 190 ROBERTUS HORNUS [ePIST, EPISTOLA CXXX. ROBERTUS HORNUS AD [QUOSDAM FRATRES.] Gratia et pax in Christo ! Doleo profecto, fratres in Christo carissirai, tam inanem cuiquam inesse vecordiam, ut cum saneta pace gaudere possit, male tanien, licet ex multorum incommodis, suara sibi, ut vult videri, comparare tranquillitatem : quando revera, dum caecam, temerariam, impiam cupiditatem satagit explore suam, non aUis adee incemmodat, atque se ipsum in summum prsecipitem dat discrimen. Verum Satanae tu votjpaTo, haud ignoramus : quara prompta sit scelerata illius voluntas ad ecelesiae tranquillitatem interturbandam ; quam sit nefandum ejus consilium ad horrenda facinora aptum ; quam paratos suos habeat satellites, qui astute et accurate illius imperium exequantur, non opus est ut disseram. Quis enira ignorat, qui vel a limine salutare Christi evangeUum salutaverit ? Certe, certo scio, vos, fratres, non dice vestro malo, sed summo vestro et totius ecclesise incommode, edectos didicisse, quot et quantos excitaverit hactenus, et quotidie excitat, Satan Davos, qui omnia interturbent, et maxime ecelesiae pacem labefactent. Immanis iUa bestia, quanta potest ferocitate, invadit evile Christi : gregem Dominicum dissipare, ime dUaniare, infestissimus lupus cogitat: vielenta frendentis leonis vi raptatur misella ovicula. Quid facias ? Obfirmata fide bestias est resistendum, assiduis precibus iraplorando defensionem a summo Pastore, Jesu Christo : patefactis et detectis lupi machinationibus, abigendus est baculo pasterum et latratu canum : stoUdum pecus ex unguibus, antequam leonis dentibus dilanietur, eripiendum est, et, si fieri potest, ad caulas reducendum. Atqui hic (quantum ex vestris Uteris intelUgo) nihil reliquistis intentatum : omnem curam et diUgentiam ad haud bonum ilium Bonamy censervandum adhibuistis: quod est fidis- simorum officium pasterum, istius insolentiam, superbi.am, contumaciam quibuscunque licebat rationibus emeUire, supprimere, retundere, strenuam navastis operam ; et cum quod velitis efficere nen possitis, me adju- torem dari postulatis. Ne dubitetis, fratres, quin plraes habituri sitis adjutores ; et me ipsum, quantum possum, ad hanc rem adjutorem fore profiteer paratissimum. Spero me eam rationem initurum, qua sentiet falsus iUe frater (si tamen frater sit dicendus) quid sit suraraura ani marum Pastorem Christum Jesum provocare, ecclesiam Dei contemnere, et sacrosanctam disciplinam ludificare, ime proculcare. ConsiUi autem mei rationem exposui communi utriusque nostrum amico et fratri in Christe, mihi summopere dilecto, D. Leighton, insulae praefecte. Quod reliquum est, fratres, rogo vos