'mg-'

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

TWO VOYAGES

TO

NEW-ENGLAND

AK ACCOUNT

OF

TWO- VOYAGES

TO

NEJV-'ENGLANB,
Made during the years 1638, 1663.

By JOHN 70SS.EL1W, Gsnt

WILLIAM VEAZIE.

MDCCCLXV.

ateo ji^natea ana J^ffts ©optcs printea, SmaU ©.uarto.
YALfc ^^

Ri'verside, Cambridge :
Printed by H. O. Houghton & Co.

PUBLISHER'S PREFACE.

HE work publifhed by Joffelyn in 1672, en
titled "New England's Rarities difcov-
ered," which has been reprinted in a fim-
ilar form, and as a companion volume to
the prefent, contains a full and detailed account of the
family of the author, with many curious facfls relating' to
the perfonal hiftory of this early explorer of New Eng
land ; but it has been thought expedient to prefix to his
narrative a genealogical chart of the family, copied from
a paper among the Harleian MSS. in the Britifli Mu-
feum, the fubftance of which has been printed in the
" New England Hiftorical and Genealogical Regifter,"
and which is now kindly furniflied for publication by
Samuel G. Drake, Efq. The table now publiflied wiU
be found generally to confirm the information given in
the account of the family already publiflied.
The firfl: of the " Two Voyages " of Joffelyn, of which
he gives an account in the prefent work, was undertaken in

vi Ptiblipi-ers Preface.
in the year 1638, only eight years after the fettlement of
Bofton, and when, to ufe his own words, " it was rather a
village than a town, there being not above twenty or thirty
houfes;" while the fecond vifit of the author to New Eng
land took place in 1663, after an abfence of twenty-five
years, and when the town had affumed the proportions of a
fioiirifliing feaport. On this occafion he appears to have
remained in New England for eight years, the principal
part of which was fpent on the plantation of his brother,
Henry Joffelyn, at Black Point
This work is the 'lateft of the author's produdlions,
and was not given to the public until 1674. It was re
printed by the Maffachufetts Hiftorical Society in 1833,
and may be found in the third volume of the third feries'
of their colle<5tions, Joffelyn's obfervations on the natural
hiftory of the country, his defcriptions of the various
plants and notices of their medicinal effedls, are more fuU
and exa(5l in the prefent work than in the " New Eng
land's Rarities," printed two years earlier, and muft be
confidered as among the moft valuable of thofe given by
the early botanifts of New England.
The political and theological opinions of Joffelyn were
not in accordance with thofe generally received in the
Colonies, particularly in the later years of his life. On
this fubjeft, Prof Tuckerman, in his Introduftion to the
work laft mentioned, remarks that, " In the account of his
firft voyage, there is no appearance of that diflike to the
Maffachufetts

Ptcbli/hei^s Preface. vii
Maffachufetts government and people which is obfervable
in the narrative of the fecond; and may there not unfairly
be conne6led with his brother's political and religious
differences with Maffachufetts." There is fufficient evi
dence in this work to fliow that the fympathies of the
author were enlifted in the royal caufe, and there appears
to be little ground for admitting his fuppofed complicity
in the fruitlefs infurre6lion in the north of England in
1663, or his identity with the " Capt. John Joffline " men
tioned by the late Rev. Jofeph Hunter in his account of
the family.
The chronological table appended to his " New-Eng
land's Rarities " is greatly enlarged in the prefent work,
and continued to the year 1674.
In reprinting this rare and curious volume, great care
has been taken to make it a literal and exaH- copy of the
original, the proofs having been carefully collated with a
copy of the work belonging to the Library of Harvard
College. Boston, June 15, 1865.

tVi^ut of tt)t

THE VIZITATION OFF IIARTFORDDSHA
taken, by Sr. Henry St. George Richmond, Herratilde, Aaiio 1634 ; being deputy \
to Sr. John Borough Garter atid Sr. Richard St. George
Clerenceaulx, Kiuges of Armes.

James JosELYNE=Janne, da. & hr. to Wm. Chastelyn.

Henry Joselyn=. . ., da. & hr. of Sr. John Hyde, Kt.

Ralph Joselyne=Maude, da. & hr. of Sr. John Hyde, Kt.

John Joselyne=Katherine, da. & hr. of Sr. Tho. Battell.

Thomas Joselyne=. . . Maud=2. Nicholas Vohres. [?]

Thomas Joselyne=Alice, da. to Willm Leston.

Ralphe Joselyne=Maude, da. to John Sutton, als Dudley.

I
Jeffery Joselyne=Margaret, da. to Robt. Rockell.

Lenard. Alice, da. John=Richard Jos5clin=Ann, da. of Mary, m. to Jane, m. to RicW

Thomas. Shelton, i w.
John.

Lucas of Kebell, 2I7. 2d, to Roger Harlai
Borve. Cawarth Heuten,!

John Joselyne=. . ., da. Wra. Winnefrid Rich.ird Josselyne=Johne, da. Jone:
Wysman of m. Richd. 7 yeres ould one I Robt. Francis
Mayland. Doddesworth. Barthelmew da : I Atkinson.
 iS79t I son. I Marj^
 I Thos.!

John. Edward. Tliomas. Robert. \
Sr. Rot. JossIyne,=Bridgett, da. Ret

of Hadhall,
Co. hartford,
living 1634.

Sr. Wra.
Smyth.

I I I II
William, eldt. son. Roberd. Frances. Bridget. Dorthy.

3o0sel4|n ;famili)»

I-
Thomas Josslyne=Maude, da. of Adam Brancktetl.

Jeffere Joselyne=Katherine, da. of Thos. le Braye.

Sr. Thos. Joslyne Thomas Joselyne=Alice, da. to Sr. Ralph, Lord Maior of London,
a prese. [Prester.'] I Lews Oake. 4. E. 4. Kt. of ye Bathe & feilJ.

Ralphe Joselyne=da. of Bardolfe.

Ralphe Joselyn==Katherine, da. & hr.
of Richd. Martyn.
1 l~ ' ^1
Gabrell Joselyn Jeffery Jossel3'n?= John.

John Josselyne;
oby. 17, H. 8.

:PhiIlip, da. William
Bradary, Esq.

Thomas==Eli2th., da. Nicholas
Hadesley, Esq.

Anne. Sr. Thos. Jos.?elyne=
of Hyroodin in
Cora Essex.

Thomas==Mary, d. Tho : Parker of Esse.K.

Thomas of Horsley, in Essex,=Jane, da. Edwd. Sanderes, of
now living i6i 4. Charlewood, Coin Surry, Esq.

I
:Dorothy, da. Jane=
Sr. Geiierey Nicholas
Gattes. Went
worth.

Lenard.Thomas.

I
Edward IossIyne,=. . ., da. of

sonn now Liuing.

Lambe, Co.
Middx.

Henry IossIyne,=Ann, da. & co-hr.

4th sonn.

to Humphery FoxoU.

Henry. Jane. Ann. Margarett m.
Thomas. Dorothy. Elizth. Fetter Gates;
1st da.
Wynefred m.
to Syday of
Gates.

Sr. Thos. Josselyne=. . ., 2 da.
John Franke,
widdow.

I I
A dau. m. the sonn Ann m 
of Sr. Nicholas Allen, of
Lusher, of Hertford.
Surey.
Harleian MSS. 1234; fo. 38 or 14S.

* A Sir Ralph Joceline, Lord Mayor, 1464, has a monument in St. Swithin's Church.—
Neiv Vie-a) of London, ii. 560.
Knight of the Bath in the Field. A Draper, son of JefFerey Joceline. — Sto-Ji's Survey, 569,
ed. 1633. He rebuilt a portion of the London wall. — See Stryfe's Sto-M, i. 10.

AN
ACCOUNT OF TWO
VOYAGES TO
NEW-ENGLAND.
Wherein you have the fetting out of a Ship, With the
charges ; The prices of all neceffaries for furnifliing a
Planter & his Family at his firft coming ; A Defcrip-
tion of the Country, Natives and Creatures ; The Gov
ernment of the Countrey as it is now poffeffed by the
Englifh, &c. A large Chronological Table of the moft
remarkable paflages from the firft difcovering of the
Continent oi America, to the year 1673.
By fohn ycffelyn Gent.
The Second Addition.
Memner. diftich rendred Englifli by Dr. Heylin.
Heart., take thine eafe.
Men hard to pleafe
Thou haply might^fi offend.,
Though one /peak ill
Of thee, fame will
Say better i there's an end,
London Printed for G. Widdowes at the Green Dragon in St.
Pauls Church-yard, 1675.

LICEJrSED BY
Roger L'eftrange,

Novemb. the
28, 1673.

TO THE
RIGHT HONOURABLE, AND
MOST ILLUSTRIOUS, THE
Prelident & Fellows
OF THE
Royal Society:
The following Account of Two
VOYAGES TO
New-England,
Is Moft Humbly prefented
By die Authour yohn yojfelyn.

A
RELATION OF TWO
VOYAGES TO
New-Englande

The first Voyage.

\NNO Dorn. 1638. April ^t 26th being Thurf
day, I came to Gravefend and went aboard the
New Supply, alias, the Nicholas of London, a
Ship of good force, of 300 Tuns burden, carrying 20 Sa-
cre and Minion, man'd with 48 Sailers, the Mafter Robert
Taylor, the Merchant or undertaker Mr. Edward Tinge,
witii 164 Paflengers men, women and children.
EP- 2] At Gravefend I began my Journal, from
whence we departed on the 26. of April, about Six of
the clock at night, and went down into the Hope.
The 27. being Fryday, we fet.fail out of the Hope, and
about Nine of the clock at night we came to an Anchor
vsx Margaret-'R.Q^A. in three fathom and a half water: by
the way we paft a States man of war, of 500 Tun, caft
"'.;5;"-?^-3,.- away

6 yoffelyns Accoimt of
away a month before upon the Goodwin, nothing re
maining vifible above water but'her main maft top, i6 of
her men were drowned, the reft faved by Fifliermen.
The 28. we twined into the Downs, where Captain
Clark one of His Majefties Captains in the Navy, came
aboard of us in the aftemoon, and preft two of our
Trumpeters. Here we had good ftore of Flounders from
the Fifliermen, new taken out of the Sea and living,
which being readily gutted, were fry'd while they were
warrn ; me thoughts"! never tafljed of a delicater Fifli in
all my life before.
The Third of May being Afcenfion day, in the aftemoon
we weighed out of the Downs, the wind at E. and ran
down into Dover Road, and lay by the lee, whilft they
fent the Skiffe afliore for one of the Mafters mates : by the
way we paft Sandwich in the [p. 3.] Hope, Sandown-Ca/ile,
Deal ; So we fteered away for Donieffe, from thence we
fleered S. W. J S. for the Beachie, about one of the clock
at night the wind took us a ftayes with a guft, rain, thun
der and lightning, and now a Servant of one of the paf-
fengers fickned of the fmall pox. • !
-The Fifth day in the afternoon we Anchored, the Ifle of
Wight W. N. W. 10 leagues off, Beachie E. N. E. 8
leagues off, rode in 32 fathom water at low water, at 8
of the clock at night the land over the Needles bore N.
W. 4 leagues off, we fteered W. afore the Start, at noon
the Boult was N. W. by W, about 3 \ leagues off, we
were becalmed from 7 of the clock in the morning, till
12 of the clock at noon, where we took good ftore of
Whitings, and half a fcore Gurnets, this aftemoon an in-
fi,nite jaumber of Porpifces fhewed themfelves above water
- round

Two Voyages to New-England. j
round about the Ship, as far as we could kenn, the night
proved tempeftuous with much lightning and thunder.
The SLxth day being Sunday, at five of the clock at
night the Lizard was N. W. by fF.6 leagues off, and the
Blackhead which is to the weftward of FalmotUh was N.
W. about 5 leagues off.
The Seventh day the uttermoft part of Silly was N. E.
12 leagues off, and now we began to fail by the logg.
[p. 4.] The Eighth day, one Boremans man a paffen-
ger was duck'd at the main yards arm (for being drunk
with his Mafters ftrong waters which he ftole) thrice, and
fire given to two whole Sacree, at that inftant Two mighty
Whales we now faw, the one fpouted water through two
great holes in her head into the Air a great height, and
making a great noife with puffing and blowing, the Sea
men called her a Soufler ; the other was further off, about
a league from the Ship, fighting with the Sword-fifh, and
the Flail-fifli, whofe ftroakes with a fin that growes upon
her back like a flail, upon the back of the Whale, we
heard with amazement : when prefently fome more than
half as far again we fpied a fpout from above, it came
pouring down like a River of water ; So that if they
fhould light in any Ship, flie were in danger to prefently
funk down into the Sea, and falleth with fuch an extream
violence all whole together as one drop, or as water out
of a Veffel, and dured a quarter of an hour, making the
Sea to boyle like a pot, and if any Veffel be near, it fucks
it in. I faw many of thefe fpouts afterwards at nearer
diftance. In the afternoon the Mariners ftruck a Por-
pifce, called alfo a Marfovius or Sea-hogg, with an harp*

8 ' . yoffelyns Account of
ing Iron, and hoifted her aboard, [p. 5-1 t^ey cut fome
of it into thin pieces, and fryed, it tafts like rufly Bacon,
or hung Beef, if not worfe ; but the Liver boiled and
foufed fometime in Vinegar is -more grateful to the pallat
About 8 of the clock at night, a flame fettled upon the
main maft, it was about the bignefs of a great Candle,
and is called by our Seamen St. Elmes fire, it comes be
fore a ftorm, and is commonly thought to be a Spirit; if
two appear they prognofticate fafety: Thefe are known
to the learned by the names of Cafior and Pollux, to the
'' Italians .hy St. Nicholas and St. Hermes, by the Span
iards called Corpos Santos. -H^"
^ The Ninth day, about two of the clock in the afternoon,
we found the head of our main maft clofe to the cap
twifted and fhivered, and we prefently after found the
fore-top-maft crackt a little above the cap ; So they
woUed them both, and about two of the clock in the
morning 7 new long Boat oars brake away from our Star
board quarter with a horrid crack.
. .The Eleventh day, they obferved and made the Ship
to be in latitude 48 degrees 46 minuts, having a great
Sea all night ; about 6 of the clock in the morning we
fpake with Mr. Rupe in a Ship of Dartmouth, which
came from Marcelloes ; and now is Silly N. E. by E. 34
leagues off; [p. 6.] about 9 of the clock at night we
founded, and had 85 fathom water, fmall brownifh pep-
perie fand, with a fmall piece of Hakes Tooth, and now
we are 45 leagues off the Lizard, great Seas all night,
and now we fee to the vS". W. fix tall Ships, the wind be-
Jng^l W. y ::. ,. . •..:,;,-"
;; The Twelfth day being Whitfunday, at prayer-time we
found

Two Voyages to New-England. 9
found the Ships trine [trim ?] a foot by the ftern, and
alfo the partie that was fick of the fmall pox now dyed,
whom we buried in the Sea, tying a bullet (as the man
ner is) to *his neck, and another to his leggs, turned him
out at a Port-hole, giving fire to a great Gun. In the
afternoon one Martin fvy a ftripling, fervant to Captain
Thomas Cammock was whipt naked at the Cap-ftern, with
a Cat with Nine tails, for filching 9 great Lemmons out
of \k\.t Chincrgeons Cabbin, which he eat rinds and all in
lefs than an hours time.
The Thirteenth day we took a Sharke, a great one, and
hoifted him aboard with his two Companions (for there
is never a Sharke, but hath a mate or two) that is the
Pilot-fifh or Pilgrim, which lay upon his back clofe to a
long finn ; the other fifh (fomewhat bigger than the Pilot)
about two foot long, called a Remora, it hath no fcales
and fticks clofe to the Sharkes belly, [p. 7.] So the
Whale hath the Sea-gudgeon, a fmall filh for his mate,
marching before him, and guiding him ; which I have
feen likewife. The Seamen divided the Sharke into quar
ters, and made more quarter about it than the Purfer,
when he makes five quarters of an Oxe, and after they
had cooked him, he proved very rough Grain 'd not wor
thy of wholefome preferment ; but in the afternoon we
took ftore of Bonitoes, or Spanilh Dolphins, a fifti about
the fize of a large Mackarel, beautified with admirable
varietie of glittering colours in the water, and was excel
lent food.
The Fourteenth day we fpake with a Plimouth man
(about dinner time) bound for New-foundland,viho hav
ing gone up weft-ward fprang a leak, and now bore back
3 for

IO yoffelyns Account of
for Plimotith. Now was Silly 50 leagues off, and now
many of the. paffengers fall fick of the fmall Pox and
Calenture. The Sixteenth Mr. Clarke, who came out of the Downs
with us, and was bound for the Ifle of Providence, one
of the fummer Iflands ; the Spaniards having taken it
a little before, though unknown to Clarke, and to Captaia
Nathaniel Butler going Govemour, they departed from
us the Wind N. W. great Seas and ftormie winds all
night [p. 8.] The Seventeenth day, the wind at N. W. about
8 of the clock we faw 5 great Ships bound for the Chan-
nel, which was to the Weftward of us, about two leagues
off, we thought them to be Flemmings ; here we ex
pected to have met with Pirates, but were happily de
ceived. The One and twentieth day, the wind S.hy W. great
Seas and Wind, in'd our courfes, and tryed from 5 of
the clock afternoon, till 4 in the morning, the night being
very ftormie and dark ; we loft Mr. Goodlad and his Ship,
who came out with Tls, and bound for Boflon in New-
England. ;i. -
The Eight and twentieth day, all this while a very great
grown Sea and mighty winds.
yune the firft day in the afternoon, very thick foggie
weather, we failed by an inchanted Ifland, faw a great
deal of filth and rubbifli floating by the Ship, heard
Cawdimawdies, Sea-gulls and Crowes, (Birds that always
frequent the flioar) but could fee nothing by reafon of the
mift: towards Sunfet, when we were paft the Ifland, it
cleared up. .- ., -V •
The

Two Voyages to New-England. ii
The Fpurteenth day of yune, very foggie weather, we
failed by an Ifland of Ice (which lay on the Star-board
fide) three leagues in length mountain high, in form of
[p. 9.] land, with Bayes and Capes like high clift land,
and a River pouring off" it into the Sea. We faw like-
wife two or three Foxes, or Devils fkipping upon it.
Thefe Iflands of Ice are congealed in the North, and
brought down in the fpring-time with the Current to the
banks on this fide New-fottnd-land, and there ftopt, where
they diffolve at laft to water ; by that time we had failed
half way by it, we met with a French Pickeroon. Here
it was as cold as in the middle of yanuary in England,
and fo continued till we were fome leagues beyond it
The Sixteenth day we founded, and found 35 fathom
water, upon the bank of New-found-land, we caft out our
hooks for Cod-fifli, thick foggie weather, the Codd being
taken on a Sunday morning, the Sedtaries aboard threw
thofe their fervants took into the Sea again, although
they wanted frefli viduals, but the Sailers were not fo
nice, amongft many that were taken, we had fome that
were wafted Fifh, & it is obfervable and very ftrange, that
fifties bodies do grow flender with age, their Tails and
Heads retaining their former bignefs ; Fifli of all Creat
ures have generally the biggeft heads, and the firft part
that begins to taint in a fifh is the head.
The Nineteenth day, Captain Thomas Cammock [p. 10.]
(a near kinfman of the Earl of Warwicks) now had an
other lad Thomas yones, that dyed of the fmall pox at
eight of the clock at night •
The Twentieth day, we faw a great, number of Sea-bats,
orOwles, called alfo flying fifli, they are about the bignefs of

12 yoffelyns Account of
of a Whiting, with four tinfel wings, with which they fly
as long 'as they are wet when purfued by other fifhes.
Here likewife we faw many Grandpifces or Herring-hogs,
hunting the fcholes of Herring^, in the aftemoon we faw
a great fifli called the vehuella or Sword fifh, having a
long, ftrong and fharp finn like a Sword-blade on the top
of his head, with which he pierced our Ship, and broke
it off with ftriving to get loofe, one of our Sailers "dived
and brought it aboard.
.-The One and tn^entieth day, we met with two Briflow
men bound ior New-England, ^.nd now we are loo and
75 leagues off Cape-Sable, the fandy Cape, for fo Sable in
French fignifieth, off of which lyeth the Ifle of Sable,
- which is beyond New-found-land, where they take the
; Amphibious Creature, the Walrtis, Mors, or Sea-Horfe.
The Two and twentieth, another paffenger dyed of a
Confumption. Now we paffed by the Southem part of
New-foundland, [p. ii.] within fight of it; the Southem
part of New-found-land is faid to be not above 600
\^-3JgVi&% ixom England. - :•.-
¦ The Six and twentieth day, Capt Thomas Cammock
went aboard of a Barke of 300 Tuns, laden with Ifland
Wine, and but 7 men in, her, and never a Gun, bound
for Richmonds Ifland, fet out by Mr. Trelaney, of Plim
outh, exceeding hot weather now. ¦
"The Eight and twentieth, one of Mr. Edward Ting's
the undertakers men now dyed of the Phthifick. ?'"
The Nine and twentieth day, founded at night, and
found 120 fathome water, the head of the Ship ftruck
againft a rock ; At 4 of the clock we defcryed tvvo fail
bound for New-found-land, zxid fo for the Streights, they told

Two Voyages to New-England. 13
¦told us of a general Earth-quake in New-England, of the
Birth of a Monfter at Boflon, in the Maffachufets-Bay a
mortality, and now we are two leagues off Cape Ann.
The Thirtieth day proved ftormie, and having loft the
fight of the Land, we faw none untill the morning ;
doubtfully difcovering the- Coaft, fearing the Lee-fiiore
all night we bore out to Sea.
yuly the firft day, we founded at 8 of the clock at
night, and found 93 fathome water, defcried land.
The Third day, we Anchored in the Bay of [p. 12.]
Maffachufets before Boflon. Mr. Tinges other man now
dyed of the fmall pox.
The Tenth day, I went a fhore upon Noddles Ifland to
Mr. Samuel Maverick (for my paffage) the only hofpi ta
ble man in all the Countrey, giving entertainment to all
Comers gratis.
Now before I proceed any further, it will not be Im
pertinent to give the. intending planter fome Inftructions
for the furnifliing of himfelf with things neceffary, and
for undertaking the Tranfport of his Family, or any
others. -
. ;>;To which end obferve, that a Ship of 150 Tuns, with
2 Pecks and a half, and 26 men, with 12 pieces of
Ordnance, the charge will amount /^r moneth, with the
Mariners, to 120 pound /^r moneth. -It is better to let
the Owners undertake for the Vidtualling of the Mari
ners, and their pay for Wages, and the Tranfporter only
to take care of the paffengers.
.:..-v . :,^--, - ,.. , /The

14 . yoffelyits Account of
The common proportion of Visuals for the Sea to a Mejf,
being \ men, is as followeth ;
Two pieces of Beef, of 3 pound and ^per piece.
Four pound of Bread.
One pint | of Peafe. . - ^.-
[p. 13.] Four Gallons of Bear, with Muflard and Vine
gar for three flefh dayes in the week.
.For four fifh dayes, to each mefs/^r day.
Two pieces of Codd or Habberdine, making three pieces
of a fifli. , .. .:/- :, - .
One quarter of a pound of Butter.
Four pound of Bread.
Three quarters of a pound of Cheefe.
Bear as before.
Oatmeal per day, for 50 men. Gallon i. and fo proportion
able for more or fewer.
/' ' ' '"'' ' . '. . ' ' ¦
^ Thus you fee the Ships provifion, is Beef or Porke,
Fifh, Butter, Cheefe, Peafe, Pottage, Water-gruel, Bifket,
and fix fhilling -ffmn ; -
. For private frefh provifion, you may carry with you
(in cafe you, or any of yours fhould be fick at Sea) Con-
ferves of Rofes, Clove-Gilliflowers, Wormwood, Green-Gin
ger, Burnt-Wine, Englifh \S)>zW^ly, Prunes to stew, Raifons
of the Sun, Currence, Sugar, Nutmeg, Mace, Cinnamon,
Pepper and Ginger, White Bifket, or Spanifh rufk. Eggs,
Rice, juice of Lemmons well put up to cure, or prevent the
Scurvy. Small Skillets, Pipkins, Porrengers, and fmall
Frying pans. "r'\r^
:^r. '' -:f ¦ To

Two Voyages to New-England.

15

To prevent or take away Sea ficknefs, Conferve of
Wormwood is very proper, but thefe following Troches I
prefer before it
Firft make pafte of Sugar and Gum-Dragagant mixed
together, then mix therewith [p. 14.] a reafonable quan-
titie of the powder of Cinnamon and Ginger, and if you
pleafe a little Mufk alfo, and make it up into Roules of
feveral fafhions, which you may gild, of this when you are
troubled in your Stomach, take and eat a quantity accord
ing to difcretion.

Apparel for one man, and after the rate for more.

One Hatt
One Monmouth Cap
Three falling bands
Three Shirts
One Waftcoat
One fuit of Frize
One fu'it of Cloth .
One fuit of Canvas
Three pair of Irifh Stockins
Four pair of Shoos
One pair of Canvas Sheets ....
Seven ells of courfe Canvas to make a bed \
at Sea for two men, to be filled with ftraw J

o o o
o oo
o o
o oo

One courfe Rug at Sea for two men

s. 3 II
7 2
1915 7
588 5
6

d. o
10 3
6 6
oo 6
oo
o

Sumi. Total. 400

ViSitcals

1 6 yoffelyns Account of
[p. 15.] • Vi£luals for a whole year to be carried out of
England /or one man, and fof or more after the rate.
-* - * I. s. d.
Eight buftiels of Meal  200
Two bufliels of Peafe at three fliillings a buflhel 660
Two bufhels of Oatmeal, at four and fix pence 1 q q q
the bufliel ...... j
One Gallon of Aqua vitce . . . .026
One Gallon of Oyl . . . . . 0.36
Two Gallons of Vinegar . . . .020
Note. . ".' '
'Of Sugar and Spice, 8 pound make the ftone, 13 ftone
and an half, i. e. 100 pound maketh the hundred, but
your beft way is to buy your Sugar there, for it is cheap-
eft, but for Spice you muft carry it over with you.
- ' I. s. d.
A Hogfhead of Englifh Beef will coft .5 00
A Hogfhead of Irfh Beef will coft . . 2 10 o
A Barrel of Oatmeal . , . . . o 13 o
A Hogfhead of Aqua vita will coft . . 400
A Hogfhead of Vinegar . . . .100
A\)ivS!s\<s\oi Muflard-feed . . . .0 6 o
. [p- 1 6-] A Rental oi ^iki, CoA or Habberdine is 112
pound, will coft if it be merchantable fifti. Two or three
and tiiirty Rials a Rental, if it be refufe you may have it
for 10 or II fhillings a Rental.
.i*?^,'-; \-' ' Wooden

Two Voyages to New-England. 17
Wooden Ware. I. s. d.
A pair of* Bellowes . . ... . .020
A Skoope . . . . . . . 009
A pair of Wheels for a Cart if you buy them 1
in the Countrey, they will coft 3 or 4 pound/
Wheelbarrow you may have there, in Eng-\ ,
land they coft  j
A great pail in ^«^/a;2flf will coft . . o o 10
A Boat called a Canow, will coft in the Coun-"^
trey (with a pair of Paddles) if it be a good > 3 o o
one  J
A fhort Oake ladder in EnglandwiW coft but o o 10
A Plough  039
An Axletree  008
A Cart  o 10 o
For a cafting fhovel  o o 16
For a fhovel . ,  006
For a Sack . ... . . . o. - 2 4
For a Lanthorn  013
For Tobacco pipes fhort fleets, and great bouls
14 pence a7id 16 pence the grofe.
[p. 1 7.] For clipping an hundred fheep in ) ^ ^
England . . . . . . i
For winding the Wool . . . - ; o o 8
For wafhing them  020
For one Garnifh of Peuter . . . .200
.3 Prizes

1 8 yoffelyns Account of

Prizes of Iron Ware.
Arms for one man, but if half of. your men have
Armour it is fufficient fo that all have pieces
and fwords. I. s. d.
One Armour compleat hght . . . .0170
One long piece five foot, or five and a half) 120
near Mufket bore . . . . -J
One Sword . . -  050
One Bandaleer .':''. . - • .016
One Belt . . . .... .010
Twenty pound of powder . . . , o 18 o
Sixty pound of fhot or lead, piftol and Goofe 1 ^
ftlOt ; -. . . .. . . . J '•:.;'..-
Tools for a Family of Six perfonSy and fo after ...\ ¦.-: 7. : ':
the rate for more. ',---, .,v-ki ^- ....
Five broad howes at two fhillings a piece . o 10 o
Five narrow howes at i6 pence a piece . 068
[p. 18.] Five felling Axes at 18 pence a piece o 76
Two fteel hand-fawes at 16 pence the piece , 0,28
Two hand-fawes at 5 fhillings a piece . . o 10 o
One whip faw, fet and filed with box . . 0100
A file and wreft . = . . ... ., . ;o o 10
Two Hammers 12 pence a piece , . , o 20
Three fhovels 18 pence a piece fhod . . 046
Two fpades 1 8 pence a piece /:, .' . .0 3 o
Two Augars ... . f. . . o_i o
':•-'¦:¦ ' "'-.- ¦ .Two.'

Two Voyages to New-England.

19

Two broad Axes at 3 fhillings 8 pence a piece
Six Chiffels 
Three Gimblets 
Two Hatchets One and twenty pence a piece
Two froues to cleave pail at 18 pence a piece
Two hand-bills at 20 pence a piece
Nails of all forts to be valued
Two pick-Axes
Three Locks, and 3 pair of Fetters
Two Currie Combs
For a Brand to brand Beafts with
For a Chain and lock for a Boat
For a Coulter weighing 10 pound
For a Hand-vife
[p. 19.] For a Pitch-fork
For one hundred weight of Spikes
Nails and pins 1 20, to the hundred
For a fhare ....

Hou/hould Implements for a Family of fix per-
fons, and fo for more or lefs after the rate.
One Iron Pot
For one great Copper Kettle
For a fmall Kettle
For a leffer Kettle . -, .
For one large Frying-pan .
For a fmall Frying-pan .
For a brafs Morter
For a Spit
For one Grid-Iron
Fo rwo Skillets

/.

s.

d.

0

7

4

0

3

0

0

0

6

0

3

6

0

3

0

0

3

4

2

0

0

0

3

0

0

5

10

0

0

II

0

0

6

0

2

2

0

3

4

0

2

6

0

I

4

2

5

0

o 2
O
o o
b oooo

2 II

7
o
10 6
- 2 I
3 2 I
5

o
oo
o 68
o ooo

Platters,

20 yoffelyns Accoimt of I. s. d.
Platters, difhes, & fpoons of wood' . . .040
For Sugar, Spice, and fruits at Sea for fix men o 12 10
The fraught will be for one man half a Tun.
Having refreflied my felf for a day or two upon. Nod-
dles-Ifland, I croffed the Bay in a fmall Boat to Boflon,
which then was rather a Village, than a Town, there be
ing not [p. 20.J above Twenty or thirty houfes ; and pre-
fenting my refpedb to Mr. Winthorpe the Governour, and
to Mr. Cotton the Teacher of Boflon Church, to whom I
delivered from Mr. Francis Quarles the poet, the Tranf-
lation of the 16, 25, 51, 88, 113, and 137. Pfalms into
Englifh Meeter, for his approbation, being civilly treated
by all I had occafion to converfe with, I returned in the
Evening to my lodging.
The Twelfth day of yuly, after I had taken my leave
of Mr. Maverick, and fome other Gentlemen, I took Boat
for the Eaftern parts of the Countrie, and arrived at
B lack point vn. the Province of Main, which is 150 miles
from j5^<7«, the Fourteenth day, which makes my voyage
1 1 weeks and odd dayes.
The Countrey all along as I failed, being no other than
a meer Wildernefs, here and there by the Sea-fide a few
fcattered plantations, with as few houfes. -
About the Tenth of Augufi, I hapned to walk into the
Woods, not far from the Sea-fide, and falling upon a piece
. of ground over-grown with bufhes, called there black
Currence, but differing from our Garden Currence, they
being ripe and hanging in lovely bunches ; I fet up my
piece againft a ftately Oake, with a refolution to fill my
[p. 21.] belly, being near half a mile from the houfe ; of

Two Voyages to New-England. 21
a fudden I heard a hollow thumping noife upon the
Rocks approaching towards me, which made me pref
ently. to recover my piece, which I had no fooner cock'd,
than a great and grim over-grown flie-Wolf appears, at
whom I fhot, and finding her Gor-belly ftuft with flefli
newly taken in, I began prefently to fufpedl that fhe had
fallen foul upon our Goats, which were then valued (our
fhe Goats) at Five pound a Goat ; Therefore to make fur
ther difcovery, I defcended (it being low water) upon the
Sea fands, with an intent- towalk round about a neck of
land where the Goats ufually kept I had not gone far
before I found the footing of two Wolves, and one Goat
betwixt them, whom they had driven into a hollow, be
twixt two Rocks, hither I followed their footing, and per
ceiving by the Crowes, that there was the place of flaugh-
ter, I hung my piece upon my back, and upon all four
clambered up to the top of the Rock, where I made
ready my piece and fhot at the dog Wolf, who was feed
ing upon the remainder of the Goat, which was only the
fore fhoulders, head and horns, the reft being devoured
by the fhe- Wolf, even to the very hair of the Goat : and
it is very obfervable, that when [p. 22.] the Wolves have
kill'd a Beaft, or a Hog, not a Dog- Wolf amongft them
offers to eat any of it till the fhe-Wolves have filled their
paunches. ""
The Twenty fourth of September, being Munday about
4 of the clock in the afternoon, a fearful ftorm of wind
began to rage, called a Hurricane. It is an impettious
wind that goes commonly about the Compafs in thefpace of
24 hours, it began frotn the W. N. W. and continued till
next morning, the greateft mifchief it did us, was the
wracking

2 2 yoffelyns Account of : ' - . i
wracking of our Shallop, and the blowing down of many
tall Trees, in fome places a mile together. -^ . k'"-';
December the Tenth, happened an Eclipfe of the Moon
at 8 of the clock at night, it continued till after ii, as
near as we could guefs ; in old England it began after
midnight, and continued till 4 of the clock in the morning;
if Seamen would make obfervation of the time, either of
the beginning or ending of the Eclipfe, or total darknefs of
Sun and .Moon in all places where they fhall liappen to
be, and confer their obfervations to fome Arti/l, Jiereby the
longitude of all places might be certainly known, which are
now very uncertainly reported to us. -_;;=;
1639. May, which fell out to be extream hot and fog
gie, about the middle of May, I [p. 23.] kill'd within a
ftones throw of our houfe, above four fcore Snakes, fome
of them as big as the fmall of my leg, black of colour,
and three yards long, with a fharp horn on the tip of
their tail two inches in length. - : .; - .:
fune the Six and twentieth day, very ftormie. Light
ning and Thunder. I heard now two of the greateft and
fearfulleft thunder-claps that ever were heard, I am confi
dent At this time we had fome neighbouring Gentle
men in our houfe, who came to welcorile me into the
Countrey ; where amongft variety of difcourfe they told
me of a young Lyon (not long before) kill'd at Pifcata-
way by an Indian ; of a Stz-Serpent or Snake, that lay
quoiled up like a Cable upon a Rock at Cape-Ann : a
Boat paffing by with Englifh aboard, and two Indians,
they would have fliot the Serpent but the Indians dif-
fwaded them, faying, that if he were not kill'd out-right
they would be all in danger of their lives. . ; :^ :j^=,
; ¦ ¦ - One -

Two Voyages to New-England. 23
One Mr. Mittin related of a Triton or Mereman which
he faw in Cafcobay, the Gentleman was a great Fouler,
and ufed to goe out with a fmall Boat or Canow, and
fetching* a compafs about a fmall Ifland, (there being
many fmall Iflands in the Bay) for the advantage of a
fhot, was encountred [p. 24.] with a Triton, who laying
his hands upon the fide of the Canow, had one of them
chopt off with a Hatchet by Mr. Mittin, which was in all
refpe<5ts like the hand of a man, the Triton prefently funk,
dying the water with his purple blood, and was no more
feen. The next ftory was told by Mr. Foxwell, now liv
ing in the province of Main, who having been to the
Eafhvard-in a Shallop, as far as Cape-An7i a Waggon in
his return was overtaken by the night, and fearing to land
upon the barbarous fhore, he put off a little further to
Sea ; about midnight they were wakened with a loud
voice from the fhore, calling upon Foxwell, Foxwell come
a fhore, two or three times : upon the Sands they faw a
great fire, and Men and Women hand in hand dancing
round about it in a ring, after an hour or tvvo they vaniflied,
and as foon as the day appeared, Foxwell puts into a fmall
Cove, it being about three quarters floud, and traces along
the fhore, where he found the footing of Men, Women
and Children fhod with flioes ; and an infinite number of
brands-ends thrown up by the water, but neither Indian
nor Englifh could he meet with on the fhore, nor in the^
woods ; thefe with many other ftories they told me, the
credit whereof I will neither impeach nor inforce, but
fliall [p. 25.] fatisfie my felf, and I hope the Reader
hereof, with the faying of a wife, learned and honourable
Knight, that there are manyjlranger things in the world,
than are to be feen between London and Stanes. ^
September

24 yoffelyits Account of
" September the Sixth . day, one Mr. fohn Hickford the
Son of Mr. Hickford a Linnen-Draper in Cheapfide, hav
ing been fome time in the province of Main, and now
determined to return for England, fold and kill'd his ftock
of Cattle and Hoggs, one great Sow he had which he
made great account of, but being very fat, and not fufpedt-
ing that fhe was with pig, he caufed her to be kill'd, and
they found 25 pigs within her belly; verifying the old
proverb, As fruitful as a white fow. And now we were
told of a fow in Virginia that brought forth fix pigs;
their fore-parts Lyons, their hinder-parts hogs. / have
read that at Bruxels, Anno 1564. a fow brought forth fix
pigs, the firfl whereof {for the lafl in generating is always
in bruit beafls the firfl brought forth) had the head, face,
arms a?id legs of a man, but the whole trunck of the body
from the neck, was of a fwine, a fodomitical monfler is
m,ore like the mother than the father in the organs of the
vegetative foul. . -'t
The Three and twentieth, I left Black-point, and came
to Richmonds Ifland about [p. 26.] three leagues to the
Eaftward, where Mr. Tralanie kept a fifliing, Mr. fohn
Winter a grave and difcreet man was his Agent, and im-
ployer of 60 men upon that defign. c -
The Four and twentieth day bein^ Munday, I went
aboard the Fellowfhip of 100 and 70 Tuns a Flemifh bot
tom, the Mafter George Luxon of Bittiford in DevonfJiire,
feveral of my friends came to bid me farewell, among the
reft Captain Thomas Wqnnerton who drank to me a pint
of kill-devil alias Rhum at a draught, at 6 of the clock in
the morning we weighed Anchor, and fet fail for the Maf -.
fachufets-bay. '¦'¦ - ' ... The^

Two Voyages to New-Englxnd. 25
The Seven and twentieth day being Fryday, we Anch
ored in the afternoon in the Maffachufets-bay before
Boflon. Next day I went aboard of Mr. Hinderfon, Maf
ter of a fliip of 500 Tuns, and Captain fackfon in the
Queen of Bohemia a privateer, and from thence I went
afliore to Boflon, where I refrefhed my felf at an Ordinary.
Next morning I was invited to a fiflierman's houfe fome
what lower within the Bay, and was there by his Wife
prefented with a handful of fmall Pearl, but none of them
bored nor orient From thence I croft the Bay to^
Charles-town, where at one Longs Ordinary I met with
Captain fackfon and others, walking on the back fide we ^
fpied a rattle [p. 27.] Snake a yard and half long, and
as thick in the middle as the fmall of a mans leg, on the
belly yellow, her back fpotted with black, mffet yellow
and green, placed like fcales, at her tail flie had a rattle
which is nothing but a hollow fhelly buffinefs joynted,
look how many years old flie is, fo many rattles fhe hath
in her tail, her neck feemed to be no bigger than ones
Thumb ; yet fhe fwallowed a live Chicken, as big as one
they give 4 pence for in England, prefently as we were
looking on. In the afternoon I returned to our Ship,
being no fooner aboard but we had the fight of an In-
dian-Ym.nz.ZQ failing by us made of Birch-bark, fewed to- /
gether with the roots of fprufe and white Cedar (drawn
out into threads) with a deck, and trimmed with fails top
and top gallant very fumptuoufly.
.The Thirtieth day of September, I went afhore upon
Noddles-HS.z.nd, where when I was come to Mr. Maver
icks \lQ.^o^A^. not let me go aboard no more, until the
Ship was ready to fet fail ; the next day a grave and fober
4 perfon

26 yoffelyns Accoimt of
perfon defcribed the Monfter to me, that was born at Bof-
ton of one Mrs. Dyer a great Se<5l'arie, the Nine and twen
tieth of June, it was (itfiouldfeem) without a head, but
having horns like a Beafl, and eai^s, fcales on a rough fkin
like afifJt [p. 28.] called a Thornback, legs and claws like
a Hawke, aiid in other refpefts as a Woman-child.
The Second of October, about 9 of the clock in the
morning, Mr. Mavericks Negro woman came to my cham
ber window, and in her own Countrey language and tune
fang very loud and fliril, going out to her, flie ufed a
great deal of refpect towards me, and willingly would
have expreffed her grief in EngliJJi ; but I apprehended
it by her countenance and deportment, whereupon I re
paired to my hoft, to learn of him the caufe, and refolved
to intreat him in her behalf, for that I underftood before,
that flie had been a Queen in her own Countrey, and
obferved a very humble and dutiful garb ufed towards
her by another Negro who was her maid. Mr. Maverick
was defirous to have a breed of Negroes, and therefore
feeing fhe would not yield by perfvvafions fo company
with a Negro young man he had in his houfe ; he. com
manded him will'd fhe nill'd fhe to go to bed to her,
which was no fooner done but fhe kickt him out again,
this fhe took in high difdain beyond her flavery, and this
was the caufe of her grief In the afternoon I walked
into the Woods on the back fide of the houfe. and hap
pening into a [p. 29.] fine broad walk (which was a fledg-
way) I wandered till I chanc't.to fpye a fmit as I thought
like a pine Apple plated with fcales, it v.-as as big as the
crown of a Womans hat ; I made bold to ftep unto it,
with an intent to have gathered it no fooner had I toucht it

Two Voyages to New-England. 27
it, but hundreds of Wafps were about me ; at laft I
cleared my felf from them, being ftung only by one upon
the upper lip, glad I was that I fcaped fo well ; But by
that time -I was come into the houfe my lip was fwell'd fo
extreamly, that they hardly knew me but by my Garments.
The Tenth of Oilober, I went aboard and we fell down
to '^antafcot, here Mr. Davies (Mr. Hicks the Apothe-
carie in Fleetflreets Son-in-law) dyed of the Phthifick
aboard on a Sunday in the afternoon. The next day Mr.
Luxon our Mafter having been afhore upon the Govern-
ours Ifland gave me half a fcore very fair Pippins which
he brought from thence, there being not one Apple-tree,
nor Pear planted yet in no part of the Countrey, but upon
that Ifland. .
The Fifteenth day, we fet fail from Nantafcot.
The Sixteenth day Mr. Robert Fofler, one of our paf
fengers Preached aboard upon [p. 30.] the 113 Pfalm ;
The LordfJtall prefenie thy. going out, & thy coming in; .
The Seflaries began to quarrel with him, efpecially Mr.
Vincent Potter, he who was afterwards queftioned for a
Regicide. The Seventeenth day, towards Sun-fet a Lanner fettled
upon our main Maft-top, when it was dark I hired one
of the Sailers to fetch her down, and I brought her into:
England with much ado, being fain to feed her with hard
Eggs. After this day, we had very cold weather at Sea,.
our deck in a morning ore-fpread with hoarie froft, and
dangling Ifickles hung upon the Ropes. Some fay the
Sea is hotter in winter, than in fummer ; but I did not find
itfo. November the Fifdi day, about three of the clock in the
aftemoon,

28 yoffelyns Accoimt of
aftemoon, the Mariners obferved the rifing of a little
black cloud in the N. W. which increafing apace, made
them prepare againft a coming ftorm, the wind in fhort
time grew to boifterous, bringing after us a huge grown
Sea, at 5 of the clock it was pitchie dark.
And the bitter fiorm augments ; the wild winds wage
War from all parts ; and joyn with the Seas rage.
[p. 31.] The fad clouds fink in fhowers ; you would have
thought.
That high-fwoln-feas even unto Heaven had wrought ;
And Heaven to Seas defcended: no flar fhown ;
Blind night in darknefs, tempefis, and her own
Dread terrours lofl ; yet this dire lightning turns
To more fear d light ; the Sea with lightning Burns.
The Pilot knew not what to chufe or fly,
Art flood amazd in Ambigidty.
. The ftorm augmenting ftill, the next day about 4 of the
clock afternoon we loft our Rudder, and with that our
hopes, fo neceffary a part it is, that a fhip without it,
"is hke a wild horfe without a bridle ; yet Ariftotk that
Eagle-

Two Voyages to New-England. 29
Eagle-ey'd. Philofopher could not give a reafon, why fo fmall
a thing as a Helm fJiould rule thefliip.
[p. 32.] The Seventh day at night, the wind began to
dye away, the next day we had leafure to repair our
breaches ; it continued calm till the 1 3 day, and all the
while we faw many dead bodies of men and women float
ing by us.
The Four and twentieth, we arrived before Bittiford,
having paft before under Lundee-\i\.2ind.

The Second
VOYAGE.
Have heard of a certain Merchant in the weft of Eng
land, who after many great loffes, walking upon the
Sea-bank in a calm Sun-fhining day ; obferving the
fmoothnefs of the Sea, coming in with a chequered or
dimpled wave : Ah (quoth he) thou flattering Element,
many a time haft thou inticed me to throw my felf and
my fortunes into thy Arms; but thou haft hitherto proved
treacherous ; thinking to find thee a Mother of encreafe,
I have found thee to be the Mother of mifchief and wick-
ednefs ; yea the Father of prodigies ; therefore, being
now fecure, I will truft thee no more : But mark this
mans refolution a while after, periculufn maris fpes lucri
fuperat. So fared it with me, that having efcaped the
dangers of one Voyage, muft needs put on a refolution for
a fecond, wherein I plowed many a churlifh billow [p. 34.]
with little or no advantage, but rather to my lofs and det
riment . In the fetting down, whereof I purpofe not to
infift in a methodical way, but according to my qualit}',
in a plain and brief relation as I have done already ; for
I perceive, if I ufed all the Art that poflibly I could, it
would be difficult to pleafe all, for all mens eyes, ears,
faith, judgement are not of a fize. There be a fort of
ftagnant flinking fpirits, who, like flyes, lye fucking at the
¦ botches

Two Voyages to New-England. 31
botches of carnal pleafures, and never travelled fo much
Sea, as is between Heth-ferry, and Lyon-Rey ; yet not-
withftanding, (fitting in the Chair of the fcornful over
their whifts and draughts of intoxication) will defperately
cenfure the relations of the greateft Travellers. It was a
goodprovifo of a learned man, never to report wonders,
for in fo doing, of the greateft he will be fure not to be
believed, but laughed at, which certainly bewraies tlieir
ignorance and want of difcretion. Of Fools and Mad
men then I fhall take no care, I will not invite thefe in
the leaft to honour me with a glance from their fupercil-
ious eyes ; but rather advife them to keep their infpe6lion
for their fine-tongu'd Romances, and playes. This homely
piece, I proteft ingenuoufly, is prepared for fuch only who
well know how to make ufe of their [p. 35.] charitable
•conftru6tions towards works of this nature, to whom I
fubmit my felf in all my faculties, and proceed in my fec
ond voyage.
Anno 1663. May the Three and twentieth, I went down
to Gravefend, it being Saturday I lay afhore till Monday
the fifth, about 11 a clock at night, I went aboard the So
ciety belonging to Boflon in the Maffachufets a Colony of
Englifli in New-England, of 200 and 20 Tun, carrying
16 Iron Guns moft unferviceable, man'd with 33 failers,
and 77 paffengers, men, women and children.
The Six and twentieth day, about 6 of the clock in the
morning we weighed Anchor, and fell down with the tide
three or four miles below Gravefend.
The Seven and twentieth in the afternoon, we weighed
Anchor and came into the Hope before Deal-Cafile, here
we were wind bound till The

32 yoffelyns Account of
The 30 day, we fet fail out of the Downs, being Satur
day about 9 of the clock in the morning, about 4 of the
clock in the afternoon we came up with Beachy by W. at
Nore.
r The One and thirtieth at 4 of the clock in the morning
we came up with the Ifle of Wight, at 4 of the clock in
the afternoon [p. 36.] we had Portland N. N. W. of us, 6
leagues off, the wind being then at A'". W. by N. at 5 of
the clock we came to Dartmouth, the wind W. S. W.
yune the firft day., being Monday about 4 of the clock
Plimouth was about 9 leagues off", our courfe W. S. W.
the Start bore North diftant about 6 leagues from whence
our reckonings began ; the wind now E. N. E. a fair gale.
The fecond day the Lizard bore N. N. W. in the lati
tude 51. 300 leagues from Cape-Cod in New England, our
courfe W. and by S. One of our paffengers now dyed of
a Confumption.
'•-; The Fifth day we fteered S. W. obferved and found the
fliip in latitude 47 degrees, and 44 minutes.
'< The Tenth day obferved and found the fhip in latitude
49 degrees, and 24 minutes. :
The Five and twentieth day, about 3 of the clock in
the morning we difcovered land, about 6 of the clock
Flowers, fo called from abundance of flowers, and Corvo
from a multitude of Crowes ; two of the Azores or weft-
em Iflands, in the Atlantique Ocean not above 250 leagues
from Lifbon bore N. W. of us fome 3 leagues off, we
fteered away W. by W. obferved and found Flowers to be
in the Southem part in latitude 39 [p. 37.] degrees 13
minuts, we defcryed a Village and a fmall Church or
Chappel feated in a pleafant valley to the Eafter-fide of
the

Two Voyages to New-England. 35
the Ifland, the whole Ifland is rockie and moiintanious
about 8 miles in compafs, ftored with Corn, Wine and
Goats, and inhabited by outlaw'd Portingals, the Town
they call Santa Cruz. Corvo is not far from this, I fup
pofed two or three leagues, a meer mountain, and very
high and fteep on all fides, cloathed with tall wood on the
very top, uninhabited, but the Flowreans here keep fome
number of Goats.
The Seven and twentieth day, 30 leagues to the weft
ward of thefe Iflands we met with a fmall Veffel ftoln
from famaico, but 10 men in her, and thofe of feveral
nations, Englifli, French, Scotch, Dutch almoft famifh'd,
having been out as they told us, by reafon of calms, three,
moneths, bound for Holland.
yuly the fixth, calm now for two or three dayes, our
men went out to fwim, fome hoifted the Shallop out and
took divers Turtles, there being an infinite number of
them all over the Sea as far as we could ken, and a man
may ken at Sea in a clear Air 20 miles, they floated upon
the top of the water being a fleep, and driving gently
upon them with the Shallop, of a fudden [p. 38.3 they
took hold of their hinder legs and lifted them into the
boat, if they be not verj^ nimble they awake and prefently
dive under water ; when they were brought aboard they
fob'd and wept exceedingly, continuing to do fo till the '.
next day that we killed them, by chopping off their heads, '
and having taken off their fliells (that on their back being ;'
fairefl, is called a Gaily patch) we opened the body and
took out three hearts in one cafe, and (which was more
ftrange) we perceived motion in the hearts ten hours after '
they were taken out I have obferved in England in my .
5 youthful

34 yoffelyns Account of . \
youthful dayes the like in the heart of a Pike, and the heart
of a Frog, which will leap and' fkip as nimbly as the Frog
ufed to do when it was alive from whom it was taken,
Likewife the heart of aPz^will ftir after it is';exenterated
Being at a friends houfe in Cambridg-fiire, the Cook-maid
making ready to flaughter a Pig, fhe put the hinder parts
between her legs as the ufual manner is, and taking the
fnout in her left hand with a long knife flie ftuck the Pig
and cut the fmall end of the heart almoft in two, letting it
bleed as long as any bloud came forth, then throwing of it
into a Kettle of boyling water, the Pig fwom twice round
about the kettle, when taking of it out to [p. 39.] the
dreffer fhe rub'd it with powdered Rozen and ftript off the
hair, and as fhe was cutting off the hinder pettito, the Pig
lifts up his head with open mouth, as if it would have bit
ten : well, the belly was cut up, and the entrails drawn
out and the heart laid upon the board, which notwith-
ftanding the wound it received had motion in it above
four hours after; there were feveral of the Family by,
with my felf, and we could not otherwayes conclude but
that the Pig was bewitched ; but this by the way. Of
the Sea Turtles there be five forts, firft the Trunck-
turtle which is biggeft, Secondly, the Loggerhead-turtle.
Thirdly, the Hawkbill-turtle, which with its bill will bite
horribly. Fourthly, the Green-turtle which is beft for food, ,
it is affirmed that the feeding upon this Turtle for a twelve
moneth, forbearing all other kind of food will cure abfo-,
lutely Confumptions, and the great pox ; They are a very
delicate food, and their Eggs are very wholefome and re-
ftorative, it is an Amphibious Creature going afhore, the
male throws the female on her back when he couples with:
¦••¦• . ¦ ' her,]

Two Voyages to New-England. 315
her, which is termed cooting, their Eggs grown to perfec
tion the fernale goes afliore again and making a hole in
the Sand, there layes her Eggs which are numerous, I
have feen ti peck [p. 40.J of Eggs taken out of one Tur
tle ; when they have laid they cover the hole again with
fand, and return to the Sea never looking after her Eggs,
which hatching in the fand and coming to fome ftrength
break out and repair to the Sea. Having fill'd our bellies
with Turtles and Bonito's, called SpanifJt Dolphins excel
lently well cooked both of them, the wind blowing fair, ,
The Eighth day we fpread our fails and went on our
voyage, after a while we met with abundance of Sea-weeds
called Gulf-weed coming out of the Bay of Mexico, and
firr-trees floating on the Sea, obferved and found the Ship
to be in 39 degrees and 49 minuts.
The Fifteenth day we took a young Sharke about three
foot long, which being dreft and difhed by a young Mer
chant a paffenger happened to be very good fifh, having
very white flefh in flakes like Codd but del' /ately curl'd,
the" back-bone which is perfedlly round, joynted with fhort
joynts, the fpace between not above a quarter of an inch
thick, feparated they make fine Table-men, being wrought
on both fides with curious works.
The One and twentieth thick hafie Weather.
The Five and twentieth we met with a [p. 41.I Plim
outh man come from St Malloes in France, 10 \i;4^ks out
laden with cloath, fruit, and honey, bound for 'Aoflon in
New-England. » >
The Six and twentieth we had fight of land.
The Seven and twentieth we Anchored at Nantafcot,
in the afternoon I went aboard of a Retch, with fome
other

2,6 yoffelyns Accoimt of
other of our paffengers, in hope to get to Boflon that
night ; but the Mafter of the Retch would not confent
The Eight and twentieth being Tuefday, in the mom-
ino- about 5 of the clock he lent* us his Shallop and three
of his men, who brought us to the weftern end of the
town where we landed, and having gratified the men, we
repaired to an Ordinary (for fo they call their Taverns
there) where we were provided with a liberal cup of burnt
Madera-wine, and ftore of plum-cake, about ten of the
clock .1 went about my Affairs.
Before I purfue my Voyage to an end, I fliall give you
to underftand what Countrie New-England is. New-Eng
land is that part of America, which together with Vir
ginia, Mary land, and Nova-fcotia were by the Indians
called (by one name) Wingadacca, after the difcovery by
Sir Walter [p. 42.] Rawleigh they were named Virginia,
and fo remained untill King fames divided the Countrey
into Provinces. New-Encrland then is all that tradt of
o
land that lyes between the Northerly latitudes of 40 and
46, that is from De-la-ware- Bay to New-found-land, fome
will have it to be in latitude from 41 to 45. in King fames
Letters Patents to the Council oi Plimouth in DevonfJiire
from 40 to 48 of the fame latitude, it is judged to be an
Ifland, furrounded on the North with the fpacious River
of Canada, on the South with Mahegan or Hudfons
River, ha\'ing their rife, as it is thought, from two great
lakes not far off one another, the Sea lyes Eaft and
South from the land, and is very deep, fome fay that the
depth of the Sea being meafured with line and plummet,
feidom exceeds two or three miles, except in fome places
near the Swevian-i!i\oxfs,, and about Pontus, obferved by
Pliny.

Two Voyages to New-England. 37
Pliny. Sir Francis Drake threw out 7 Hogflieads of line
near Porto-bello and found no bottom, but whether this be
true or no, or that they were deceived by the Currants
carrying dway their lead and line, this is certainly true,
that there is more Sea in the Weftern than the Eaftern
Hemifphere, on the fliore in more places than one at
fpring-tides, that is at the full or new of the moon, [p. 43.]
the Sea rifeth 18 foot perpendicular, the reafon of this
. great flow of waters I refer to the learned, onely by the
way I fhall acquaint you with two reafons for the ebbing
and flowing of the Sea ; the one delivered in Common
conference, the other in a Sermon at Boflon in the Maffa
chufets-Bay by an eminent man ; The firft was, that God
and his fpirit moving upon the waters caufed the motion ;
the other, that the fpirit of the waters gathered the waters
together ; as the fpirit of Chrifl gathered fouls.
The fhore is Rockie, with high cliffs, having a multi
tude of confiderable Harbours ; many of which are capa
cious enough for a Navy of 500 fail, one of a thoufand,
the Countrie within Rockie and mountanious,'full of tall
wood, one ftately mountain there is furmounting the refl,
about four fcore mile from the Sea : The defcription of it
you have in my rarities of New-England, between the
mountains are many ample rich and pregnant valleys as
ever eye beheld, befet on each fide with variety of goodly
Trees, the grafs man-hi'gh unmowed, uneaten and ufe-
lefly withering ; within thefe valleys are fpacious lakes
or ponds well ftored with Fifh and Beavers ; the original
of all the great Rivers in the Countrie, of which there are
many with leffer [p. 44.] ftreams (wherein are an infinite
of fifh) manifefting the goodnefs of the foil which is black, red-

38 Joffelyn s Account of
red-clay, gravel, fand, loom, and very deep in fome places,
as in the valleys and fwamps, which are low grounds and
bottoms infinitely thick fet with Trees and Buflies of all
forts for the moft part others -having no other fhrub or
Tree growing, but fprufe, under the fhades whereof you
may freely walk two or three mile together ; being goodly
large Trees, and convenient for mafts and fail-yards. The
whole Countrie produceth fprings in abundance replen-
ifhed with excellent waters, having all the properties
afcribed to the beft in the world.
Swift ist in pace, light poizd, to look in clear.
And quick in boiling {which efleemed were)
Such qualities, as rightly underftood
Withouten thefe no water could be good.
One Spring there is, at Black-point in the Province of
Main, coming out of m.uddy clay that will colour a fpade,
as if hatcht with fiver, it is purgative and cures fcabs and
Itch, &c.
The mountains and Rocky Hills are richly .furniflied
with mines of Lead, Silver, [p. 45.] Copper, Tin,, and di
vers forts of minerals, branching out even to their fum-
mits, where in fmall Crannies you may meet with threds
of perfe6t filver ; yet have the EnglifJt no maw to open
any of them, whether out of ignorance or fear of bringing
a forraign Enemy upon them, 'or (like the dog in the
manger) to keep their Soveraign from partaking of the
benefits, who certainly may claim an intereft in them as
ifa ^^^ *^"^' ^^^"& eminently a gift proceeding from
divine bounty to him ; no perfon can pretend in
tereft in Gold, Silver, or Copper by the law of Nations, but

Two Voyages to New-England. 39
but the Soveraign Prince ; but the fubjefts of our King
have a right to mines difcovered in their own Lands and
inheritances ; So as that every tenth Tun of fuch Oar is
to be paid to the proprietors of fuch lands, and not to the
ftate, if it be not a mine-Royal : if it prove to be a mine-
Royal, every fifth Tun of all fuch Oar as fhall hold Gold
or Silver worth refining, is to be rendered to the King.
The learned fudges of our Ringdom. have long fince con
cluded, that although the Gold or Silver conteined in the
bafe mettals of a Tnine in the land of a Subject, be of lefs
value than the bafer m,ettal ; yet if the Gold or Silver do
countervail the charge of refining it, or be m,ore worth than
the bafe mettal fpent [p. 46.] in refining it, that then it is
a mine-Royal, and as well the bafe m,ettal as the Gold and
Silver in it belongs by prerogative to the Crown.
- The ftones in the Countrey are for the, moft mettle-
ftone, free-ftone, pebble, flate, none that will run to lime,
of which they have great want of the flate you may make
Tables eafie to be fplit to the thicknefs of an inch, or
thicker if you pleafe, and long enough for a dozen men to
fit at Pretious ftones there are too, but if you defire to
know further of them, fee the Rarities of New-England;
onely let me add this obfervation by the way, that Cryftal
fet in the Sun taketh fire, and fetteth dry Tow or brown
Paper on fire held to it There is likewife a fort of glit
tering fand, which is altogether as good as the glafue
powder brought from the Indies to dry up Ink on paper
newly written. The climate is reafonably temperate,
hotter in Summer, and colder in Winter than with us,
agrees with our Conftitutions better than hotter Climates,
thefe are limbecks to our bodies, forraign fieat will extract the

40 foffelyns Account of
the inward and adventitious heat confume the natural, fo
much more heat any mail receives outwardly from the heat
of the Sun, fo much more wants he the fame inwardly,
which is one reafon why [p. 47.] they are able to receive
more and larger draughts of Brandy, & the like, ftrong
fpirits than in England without offence. Cold is lefstol
erable than heat, this a friend to nature, that an enemy.
Many are of opinion that the greatefi enemies of life, con-,
fifing of heat and moifiure, is cold and drynefs ; the ex
tremity of cold is moi-e eafie to be endured than extremity of
heat; the violent fiiarpnefs of winter, than the fiery raging
of Summer. To coticlude, t/tey are both, bad, too much heat
brings a hot Feaver, too much cold dfntimfiieth the flefJi,
withers the face, hollowes the eyes, quencheth natural heat,
peeleth the hair, and procureth baldtiefs.
Aftronomers have taken fpecial knowledge of the num
ber of 1024 of the principal apparent noted Stars of all
the reft, befides the 7 Planets, and the 1 2 Signs, and it is
agreed upon that there are more Stars under the North-
em-pole, than under the Southern, the number of Stars
. under both poles are innumerable to us \ but not to the
Almighty Creator of Heaven and Earth, who calleth them
all by their names. Ifai. 40. Levate in excelfum oculos
vefiros & videte quis creavit Juec ? quis educii in numero
milifiam eorum & omnia fuis nominibus vocat? In fan-
uary 1668. two Suns appeared and two Moons. The
year before was publifhed the Suns prerogative, vindi
cated by [p. 48.] Alexander Nowel a young ftudient at
HarvardColledge in the Maffachufets Colony, which was
as followeth.
Mathematiciajis hcuve that priviledge, above other Philof-
.^; ophers,

Two Voyages to New-England. 41
ophers, that their foundations are fo foimded upon, and
proved by demonfiration, that reafon volens nolens mufi
approve of them, when they are once viewed by the eye of the
intellea,.\^io fac1;o it gj-ants a probatum eft ; if upon thofe
foundatiofis he raifes famoiis ArchitcHurcs, which are in-
feparably joynted in, and joyned to their groimd-works, yet
are jtot their Elements of fuch vaft extenfions, as to have
their dimenfions adeqnated with the machine of the primum
mobile, andfo include the Fabrick of created beings ; but
there are fphears above the fphear of their ASlivity, and
Orbs placed above the reach of their Infirumefits, which will
non-plus the mofi acute i^iquifitoj's, at leaf in reference to
an accurate fcrutiny : hence diffetitions about Celefiial bod
ies, whether the planets have atiy iiatural light, has been a
queflion, proving that they borrow their light from the Sun:
he behig the primitive, they derivatives ; he the Augmentum
primum, they Orta, who though they have light i?i ie,yet
not exfe. This affertion is not expugned by Geocentricks
who produce fenfe and Antiquity to fnpport their fuppofi-
tions ; nor oppugned by Heliocentricks, [p. 49.] who deduce
their Hypothefis from reafon, and 7iew obfervations : for,
quicquid in ambitu alicujus circuli adtu diffufum, compre-
henditur, id in centre ejufdem continetur potentia coUec-
tum. Should I put the que/Hon to the vote, qucfiionlefs the
tnajor part of iftodern Afironomers would carry it affirma
tively ; but a tefiimony being Inartificialis Argumentum, /
fiiall foiuid my pofition upoii a more Artificial Bafis. As
for the multiplication of Eclipfes which fome fear, it 's need-
lefs, for the extent of the Cone of the earths fiiaddow (a Cen
tre terrse) bei'rig 250 Seinidiameters, it cannot reach Mars ;
Venus and Mercuiy never oppofe the Sim. It has been
6 obferved

42 yoffelyns Account of
obferved by the help <7/"Optick Tubes, that Venus has divers
faces, according to her diverfe pofiiion to the Sun. Some
affirm the fmie of Mercury, but hes not fo liable to obfer
vation, being feidom clear of the -f-adiancy of the Siui. The
fuperior Planets being above the Sun, turn the fame fide to
the Sim, as they do to us. Venus and Mars are more lucid
in their Parhelion, than in their Aphelion. The Tele-
fcope m.ay convince us of this truth ; Evincit enim craffa,
opaca & diffimilium plane partium corpora, planctas effe.
Lafily God made the Sun and Moon, the two greater lights
{though not the greater lucid bodies) that the Moons light is
adventitious, followes from her invifbilitie [p. 50.] in a cen
tral Eclipfe : hence the other planets are defiitute of native
light ; nam ^ majore ad minus valet confequentia negative.
In the year 1664. a Star or Comet appeared in New-
England in December in the South-Eaft, rifing conftantly
about one of the clock in the morning, carrying the tail
lower and lower till it came into the Wefi, and then bare
it directly before it; the Star it felf was of a dufkifli red,
the tail of the colour of via laciea, or the milkie way. A
fortnight after it appeared again rifing higher near the
Nadir or point over our heads, of the fame form and col
our ; of which hear the former Scholar.
Comets (fay Naturalifis) proceed from natural caufes,
but they oftpreceedpreter7iatitral effetls. That they have
been Antecedents to firange confequents is an univerfal
truth, and proved by particulars, viz. That which hung
over Hierufalem before its extirpation by Vefpatian, that
vertical to Gemiany, before thofe bloudy Wars &:c. So that
experience A ttefis, and reafon Affejits, that they have fereed
for fad Prologues to Tragical Epilogues. For the future
preludiums

Two Voyages to New-England. 43
preludiums to what events they I prove, may be proved by
confequence, if they han t fuff ered a privation of their pow
erful Energie. Dr. Ward to falve Contefis, difiinguifhes
between Cometceid^, which are [p. 51.] Sublimary exhala
tions, and Cometcs, which are heavenly bodies, coevous with
the Stars ; the caufe of the inequality of whofe motion, is
their Apoge and Periges. Concerning the height of the late
Comets Orb, becaufe of the deficiency of Infiruments, heres
pars deficiens. As for its motion December 10. 'twas
about the middle of Virgo. Jan. 24. 26 deg. Aries. Some
obferve that Comets commonly follow a Conjunllion of the
fuperiour planets. Afironomers attribute much to the pre
dominancy of that planet which rules it, which they judge
by the Colour; a dull leaden colour, claims ScLtum for his
Lord; bright, Jupiter ; Red, Mars ; Golden, Sol ; Yellow,
Venus ; variable. Mercury ; pale, Luna. Alfo to the
Afpe£ls it receives from other planets, thefign it is in, and
the houfe of the Heavens in which it firfi w'as. Hence
fom,e m.ay judge a fcheam of the Heavens neceffary, but
unlefs Calculated for its certain rife {which is uncertain)
it's adjudged by the judicious, fuperfiuous. Some put much
trufl or virtue in the tail, terming it the Ignomon, &c. But
that is probable of all, which lias been obferved of fome,
that it's alwayes oppofite to the Sun ; hence when the Sun
is at the Meridian of the Antipodes it turns, 8cc. Which
Regiomont obferved of that in 1475. and Keckerman of
that in 1607. Longomontanus obferves of that in 161 8.
that its firfi [p. 52.J appearance was vertical to Germany
and went Northward,yi? its effe^ began there, and made the
likeprogrefs : it's rational, that as a caufe, itfhouhi oper
ate mofi powerfully on thofe in whofe Zenith tt is, as the
-:''' ¦ meridional

44 ' Joffelyn's Accoimt of
meridional Altitude ; nor is it irrational, that as afign, it
fhould prefage fomewhat to all thofe, in whofe Horizon it
appears ; for in reafon, Relata fe mutuo infemnt, hence
fignum infers fignatum, and thS fignifier implies a figni-
fied. Diverfe defire to be certified of the event ; but he is
wife that knozves it. Some prefume prophetically to fpecif-
icate from generals truths ; others defperately deny generals
and all; of all whom it's a truth, Incidunt in Scyllam,
&c. Noble Ticho concludes, (with whom. I conclude) that
it's not rational particularly to determitie the fequel; for
fhould any, it Would be only in a contingent Axiom,, and
proceed from fancie ; therefore of no neceffary confequence,
and would produce o?ily opinion.
A friend of mine fhewed me a fmall Treatife written
and printed in the Maffachufets-hzy by B. D. Intituled
An Afironomical defcription of the late Comet, or Blazing-
Star, as it appeared in New-England in the Nifith, Tenth,
Eleventh, and the beginning of the Twelfth m,oneth, 1 664.
printed at Cambridge by Samuel Green 1665. An ingen
ious piece, but becaufe I could not perfwade [p. 53.] my
friend to part with it I took out fome fhort notes being
ftraitned in time, which are as followes.
Comets are diftinguifhed in refpedl of their figure, ac
cording to the divers afpe6ts of the Sun, into Barbate,
Caudate, and Crinite. i. When the ftream like a beard
"goes before the body. 2. When the ftream followes flie
body. 3. When the ftream goes right up into the
Heavens.
ftt-A Comet is faid to be Vertical to any people, when the
body of the Comet paffeth over their heads. • - ..
The light of the Comet alters and varies according to
the diverfe Afpedts of the Sun enlightning it Some

Two Voyages to New-England. ac
Some took notice of it in the beginning of November,
In Anno Dorn. 1668. fuly ihQ Fifteenth happened an
Eclipfe of the moon from 9 of the clock at night till after
II, digits *9, and 35 minutes.
In November following appeared a Star between the
horns of the Moon in the midft.
In Anno Dom. 1669. about the middle of yune at 4 of
the clock in the afternoon, appeared a Rain-bow reverft,
. and at night about 10 of the clock we had a Lunar Rain
bow. [p. 54.] The Indians fo far as I could perceive have but
httle knowledge of the Stars and Planets, obferving the
Sun and Moon only, the dividers of time into dayes and
years : they being nearer to the Equino6tial-line by 10
degrees, have their dayes and nights more equally di
vided, being in Summer two hours fhorter, in Winter two
hours longer than they are in England. The 1 1 of yune
the Sun rifeth at 4 and 26 minutes, and fetteth at 7 & 34
minutes: in December, the 13 the fhorteft day, the -Sun
rifeth at 7 and 35 minutes, and fetteth at 4 and 27 min
utes. Mid-March their Spring begins, in April they have
Rain and Thunder ; So again at Michaelmas, about which
feafon they have either before Michaelmas or after outra
geous ftorms of Wind and Rain. It's obfei-vable that
there is no part of the World, which hath not fome cer
tain times of out-rageous ftorms. We have upon our Coaft
in England a Michaelmas flaw, that- feidom fails : in the
Wefi-Indies in Augufi and September the forcible North-
wind, which though fome call Tuffins or Hurricanes we
muft diftinguifh, for a right Hurricane is (as I have faid
before)

46 yoffelyns Account of
before) an impetuous wind that goes about the Compafs
in the fpace of 24 hours, in fuch a ftorm the Lord Wil
loughby [p. 55.] oi Parham Governour of the Barbadoes
was caft away, going with a flee't to recover St. Chrifio-
phers from the French, Anno Dom. 1666. fuly. Cold
weather beeins with the middle of November, the winter's
perpetually freezing, infomuch that their Rivers and fait-
Bayes^are frozen over and paffable for Men, Horfe, Oxen
and Carts : yEquore cum gelido zephyrus fere xenia Cymbo.
The North-wefi wind is the fharpeft wind in the Countrie.
In England moft of the cold winds and weathers come
from the Sea, and thofe feats that are neareft the Sea-
coafts in England are accounted unwholfome, but not fo
in New-England, for in the extremity of winter the North-
Eaft and South-v^'vad coming from the Sea produceth
warm weather, only the North-Wefi-wmd coming over
land from the white mountains (which are alwayes (except
in Augufi) covered with fnow) is the caufe of extream cold
weather, alwayes accompanied with deep fnowes and bitter
frofts, the fnow for the moft part four and fix foot deep,
which melting on tlie fuperficies with the heat of the Sun,
(for the moft part fhining out clearly every day) and freez
ing again in the night makes a cruft upon the fnow fuf
ficient to bear a man walking with fnow-flioos upon it
And at this [p. 56.] feafon the Indians go forth on hunt
ing of Dear and Moofe, twenty, thirty, forty miles up into
the Countrie. Their Summer is hot and dry proper for
their Indian Wheat ; which thrives beft in a hot and dry
feafon, the fkie for the moft part Summer and Winter very
clear and. jerene;! if 'they fee a little black cloud in the
North-Weft, no bigger than a man may cover with his Hat,
". they

Two Voyages to New-England. 47
they expect a following ftorm, the cloud in fhort time fpread-
ing round about the Horizon accompanied with violent
gufts of wind,rain, and many times lightning and terrible
thunder. 'In all Countries they have obfervations how the
weather will fall out, and thefe rules following are obferv
able in New -England. If the Moon look bright and
fair, look for fair weather, alfo the appearing of one Rain
bow after a ftorm, is a known fign of fair weather ; if mifts
come down from the Hills, or defcend from the Heavens,
and fettle in the valleys, they promife fair hot weather ;
mifts in the Evening fhew a fair hot day on the morrow :
the like when mifts rife from waters in the Evening. The
obfcuring of the fmaller Stars is a certain fign of Tem-
pefts approaching ; the oft changing of the wind is alfo a
fore-runner of a ftorm ; the refounding of the Sea from
the fhore, and murmuring of [p. 57.] the winds in the
woods without apparent wind, fheweth wind to follow :
fhooting of the Stars (as they call it) is an ufual fign of
wind from that quarter the Star came from. So^ look
whether the refounding of the Sea upon the fhore be on
the Ecfl or Weft fide of the dwelling, out of that quarter
will the wind proceed the next day. The rednefs of the
fky in the morning, is a token of winds, or rain or both :
if the Circles that appear about the Sun be red and bro
ken, they portend wind ;_if thick and dark, wind, fnow and
rain ; the like may be faid of the Circles about the moon.
If two rain-bowes appear j they are a fign of rain ; If the
Sun or Moon look pale, look for rain : if a dark cloud be
at Sun-rifing, in which the Sun foon after is hid, it will
diffolve it, and rain will follow ; nebula afcendens indicat
imbres, nebula defcendens ferenitatem. If the Sun feem
,^7. greater

48 yoffelynHs Account of
greater in the Eafi, than in the Wefi about Sun-fetting,
and that there appears a black cloud, you may expedl rain
that night, or the day following.
Serb rubens Caelum eras indicat effe ferenum,
Sedfi man^ ricbet venturos indicat Imbres.
[p. 58.] To conclude; if the white hills look clear and
confpicuous, it is a fign of fair weather ; if black and
cloudy, of rain ; if yellow, it is a certain fign of fnow
fhortly to enfue. ^--'f
In Anrio Dom. 1667. March, appeared a fign in the
Heavens in the form of a Sphear, pointing direftly to the
Wefi : and in the year following on the third day of April
being Friday, there was a terrible Earthquake, before that
a very great one in 1638. and another in 58 and in i66|.
yanuary 26, 27, & 28. (which was the year before I came
thither) there were Earthquakes 6 or 7 times in the fpace
of three'dayes. Earthquakes are frequent in the Coun
trie ; fome fuppofe that the white mountains were firft
raifed by Earthquakes, they are hollow as may be gueffed ,
by the refounding of the rain upon the level on the top. ¦
The Indians told us of a River whofe courfe was not only
ftopt by an Earthquake in 1668. (as near as I can remem
ber) but the whole River fwallowed up. And I have
heard it reported from credible perfons, that (whilft I was
there in the Countrie) there happened a terrible Earth
quake "amongft the French, rending a huge Rock afunder
even to the center, wherein was "a vaft hollow of an im-
meafurable depth, out of which came many, infernal Spir
its. I fhall [p. 59.] conclude this difcourfe of Earthquakes, with

Two Voyages to New-England. 49
with that which came from the Pen of our Royal Martyr
King Charles the Firft ; A ftorm at Sea 7mnts not its ter-
rour, but an Earthquake, ffiaking the very foundation of
all the Wbrld hath nothing more of horrour. And now I
come to the plants of the Countrie.
The plants in New-Englaiid for the variety, number,
beauty, and vertues, may ftand in Competition with the
plants of any Countrey in Europe, fohnfon hath added
to Gerards Herbal 300. and Parkinfon mentioneth many
more ; had they been in New-England they might have
found 1000 at leaft never heard of nor feen by any E^tg-
lifiiman before : 'Tis true, the Countrie hath no Bonerets,
or Tartarlambs, no glittering coloured Tuleps ; but here
you have the American Mary-Gold, the Earth-nut bear
ing a princely Flower, the beautiful leaved Pirola, the
honied Colibry, &c. They are generally of (fomewhat) a
more mafculine vertue, than any of the fame fpecies in
England, but not in fo terrible a degree, as to be mifchiev-
ous or inefifedlual to our Englifft bodies. It is affirmed
by fome that no forraign Drugg or Simple can be fo proper
to Englifiim,en as their own, for the quantity <?/" Opium
which Turks do fafely take will kill four Engliffmien, and •
that which will [p. 60.] falve their wounds within a day,
will not recure an Engliffiman in three. To which I
anfwer that it is cuftom that brings the Turks to the fa
miliar ufe of Opium. You may have heard of a Taylor
in Rent, who being afflidfed with want of fleep ventured
upon Opium,, taking at firft a grain, and increafing of it
till it came to an ounce, which quantitie he took as famil
iarly as a Turk, without any harm, more than that he
could not fleep without it The Englifii in New-England
:-,,¦'¦ ^ take

50 foffelyns Account of
take white Hellebore, which operates as fairly with them,
as with the Indians, who fteeping of it in water forsetime,
give it to young lads gathered together a purpofe to drink,
if it come up they force them to drink again their vomit
(which they fave in a Birchen-difh) till it ftayes with them,
& he that gets the victory of it is made Captain of the
other lads for that year. There is a plant likewife, called
for want of a name Cloivnes wound wort by the Eitglifh,
though it be not the fame, that will heal a green wound
in 24 hours, if a wife man have the ordering of it. Thus
much for the general, I fhall now begin to difcover unto
you the plants more particularly, and I fhall firft begin
with Trees, and of them, firfl with fuch as are called in
Scripture Trees of God, that is great [p. 61.] Trees, that
grow of themfelves without planting. Pfal. 104. 16, 17.
Satiantur arbores fehovce, cedri Libani quas plantavit ;
{ubi aviculce nidificenl) abietes domicilia ciconice. The
Herons take great delight to fit bafking upon the tops of
thefe Trees. And I fliall not be over large in any, hav
ing written of them in my Treatife of the rarities of New-.
England, to which I refer you.
The Oake I have given you an account of, and the
kinds ; I fhall add the ordering of Red Oake for Wain-
fcot When they have cut it down :^nd clear'd it from the
branches, - they pitch the body of the Tree in a muddy
place in a River, with the head downward for fome time,
afterwards they draw it out and when it is feafoned fuffi-.
ciently, they faw it into boards for Wainfcot, and it will .
branch out into curious works. : :.
There is an admirable rare Creature in fliape like a
Buck, with Horns, of a gummy fubftance, which I have
often

Two Very ages to New-England. 51
often found in the fall of the leaf upon the ground amongft
the withered leaves ; a living Creature I cannot call it ;
having only the fign of a mouth and eyes : feidom or
never fhall you meet with any of them whole, but the
head and horns, or the hinder parts, broken off from the
reft ; the India7is call them Tree Bucks, and have a fuper-
ftitious faying (for I believe [p. 62.] they never fee any of
them living) that if they can fee a Txee-Buck walking
upon the branches of an Oake when they go out in a
morning to hunt they fhall have good luck that day.
What they are good for I know not but certainly there is
fome more than ordinary vertue in them. It is true that
nothing in nature is fuperfiuous, and we have the Scrip
ture to back it, that God created nothing in vain. The
like Creatures they have at the Barbadoes which they call
Negroes heads, found in the Sands, about two inches long,
with forehead, eyes, nofe, mouth, chin, and part of the neck,
they are alwayes fou7id loofe in the Sands without any root,
it is as black as fet, but whence it comes they know not. I
have read likewife, that in the Canaries or Fortunate-Ifl-
ands, there is found a certain Creature, which Boys bring
home froTn the mountains as oft as they would, and named
them Tudefquels, or little Germans : for they were dryd
dead Carcaf%s, almoft three footed, which any boy did eafily
carry in one of the palms of his hand, and they were of an
humane fhape ; but the whole dead Carcafe was clearly like
unto Parchment, and their bones were flexible, as it were
grifiles: againft the Sun, alfo, their bowels and inteftines
were feen. Surely {faith my Authour) the deftroyed race
of the Pigmies was there. There is [p. 6^?^ alfo many
times found upon the leaves of the Oake a Creature like

52 yoffelyns Account of
•a Frog, being as thin as a leaf, and tranfparent as yellow
as Gold, 'with, little fiery red eyes, the Englifh call them
Tree-frogs or Tree-toads (but of Tree-toads I fliall have
occafion to fpeak in another plaCe) they are faid to be ven-
emous, but may be fafely ufed, being admirable to flop
womens over-flowing courfes hung about their necks in a
Taffetie bag.
^ Captain Smith writes that in New-England there
growes a certain berry called Kermes, worth lo fiiillings
a pound, and had been formerly fold for 30 or 40 ftitllmgs
a pound, which may yearly be gathered in good quantity.
I have fought for this berry, he fpeaks of, as a man fhould
feek for a needle in a bottle of Hay, but could never light
upon it ; unlefs that kind of Solomon-feal called by the
Englifh Treacle-berry be it Gerard our famous Herbal-
ift zvrites that tliey grow upon a little Tree called Scarlet-
Oake, the leaves have one fharp prickle at the end of it ; it
beareth fmall Acorns : But the grain or berry growes out
of the woody branches, like an excrefcence of the fubfiance of
the Oake-Apple, and of the bignefs of Peafe, at firft white,
when ripe of an Afli-colour, which inge7tders little Mag
gots, which when it begins [p. 64.} to have wings are put
i7ito a bag and boulted up and down till dead, and then
made up into lumps, the Maggot as moft do deem is Cutch-
enele ; So that Chermes is Cutchenele : the berries dye
fcarlet. Mr. George Sands in his Travels faith {much to
the fame purpofe) that fcarlet dye growes like a b lifter on the
leaf of the Holy Oake, a little fhrub, yet producing Acoms,
being gathered they rub out of it a certain red duft, that
converteth after a while into worms, which they kill with
Wine, when they begin to quicken. See farther concerning Treacle-

Two Voyages to New-England. 53
Treacle-berries and Cutchlnele i7i the rarities of New-
England. The Pine-Tree challengeth the next place, and that
fort whith is called Board-pine is the principal, it is a
ftately large Tree, very tall, and fometimes two or three
fadom about : of the body the Englifii make large Canows
of 20 foot long, and two foot and a half over, hollowing
of them with an Adds, and fliaping of the outfide like a
Boat Some conceive that the wood called Gopher in
Scripture, of which Noah made the Ark, was no other
than Pine, Gen. 6. 14. The bark thereof is good for
Ulcers in tender perfons that refufe fliarp medicines.
The inner bark of young board-pine cut fmall and ftampt
and boiled in a Gallon of water is a very foveraign med
icine for burn [p. 65.] or fcald, wafliing the fore with fome
of the decoction, and then laying on the bark ftampt very
foft : or for frozen limbs, to take out the fire and to heal
them, take the bark of Board-pine-Tree, cut it fmall and
ftamp it and boil it in a gallon of water to Gelly, wafli the
fore with the liquor, ftamp the bark again till it be very
foft and bind it on. The Turpentine is excellent to heal
wounds and cuts, and hath all the properties of Veiiice
Turpentine, the Rofen is as good as Frankincenfe, and
the powder of the dryed leaves generateth flefli ; the dif-
tilled water of the green Cones taketh away wrinkles in
the face being laid on with Cloths.
The Firr-tree is a large Tree too, but feidom fo big as
the Pine, the bark is fmooth, with knobs or blifters, in
which lyeth clear liquid Turpentine very good to be put
into falves and oyntments, the leaves or Cones boiled in
Beer are good for the Scurvie, the young buds are excel lent

54 Joffelyn's Account of
lent to put into Epithemes for Warts and Corns, the
Rofen is altogether as good as Frankincenfe ; out of this
Tree the Poleakers draw Pitch and Tarr ; the manner I
fhall give you, for that it may fwith many other things
contained in this Treatife) be beneficial to my Country
men, either there already feated, or that [p. 66.] may hap
pen to go thither hereafter. Out of the fatteft wood
changed into Torch-wood, which is a difeafe in that Tree,
they draw Tarr, firft a. place muft be paved with ftone or
the like, a little higher in the middle, about which, there
muft be made gutters, into which the liquor falls, then out
from them other gutters are to be drawn, by which it may
be received, then is it put into barrels. The place thus
prepared, the cloven wood muft be fet upright, then muft
it be covered with a great number of firr and pitch bowes;
and on every part all about with much lome and fods of
earth, and great heed muft be taken, left there be any cleft
or chink remaining, only a hole left in the top of the fur
nace, through which the fire may be put in, and the flame
and fmoak to pafs out : when the fire burneth, the Pitch
or Tarr runneth forth firft thin and then thicker; of which
when it is boiled is made Pitch : the powder of dried
Pitch is ufed to generate flefh in wounds and fores. The
knots of this Tree and fat-pine are ufed by the Englifh
inftead of Candles, and it will burn a long time, but it
makes the people pale.
.V The Spruce-tree I have given you an account of in my
New-England rarities. In the North -eaft of Scotland
upon the banks [p. 67.] of Lough-argick, there hath been
formerly of thefe Trees 28 handful about at the Root and
their bodies mounted to 90 foot of height, bearing at the
- length

Two Voyages to New-England. 55
-length 20 inches diameter. At Pafcataway there is now
a Spruce-tree brought down to the water-fide by our
Mafs-men of an incredible bignefs, and fo long that no
Skipper *durft ever yet adventure to fliip it, but there it
lyes and Rots.
The Hemlock-tree is a kind of fpruce or pine ; the bark
boiled and ftampt till it be very foft is excellent for to heal
wounds, and fo is the Turpentine thereof, and the Tur
pentine that iffueth from the Cones of the Larch-tree,
(which comes neareft of any to the right Turpentine) is
fingularly good to heal wounds, and to draw out the mal
ice (or Thorn, as Helmont phrafes it) of any Ach, rubbing
the place therewith, and ftrowing upon it the powder of
Sage-\&diYts.
The white Cedar is a ftately Tree, and is taken by fome
to be Tamarifk, this Tree the Eiigliffi faw into boards to
floor their Rooms, for which purpofe it is excellent long
lafting, and wears very fmooth and white ; likewife they
make fhingles to cover their houfes with inftead of tyle, it
will never warp. This Tree, the Oak and the [p. 68.]
Larch-tree are beft for building. Groundfels made of
Larch-tree will never rot and the longer it lyes the harder
it growes, that you may almoft drive a nail into a bar of
Iron as eafily as into that Oh, that my Countreymen
might obtain that bleffing with their buildings, which
Efay prophefied to the fewes in the 65 Chapter and 22
verfe. N071 czdificabunt & alius inhabitabit, non planta-
-bunt & alius comedet : fed utfunt dies Arboris, dies erunt
populi mei, & opus manuum fuarum deterent ele£li mei.
The Saffafras-tree is no great Tree, I have met with
fome as big as my middle, the rind is tawny and upon that a

56 Joffelyn's Account of
a thin colour of Aflies. the inner part is white, of an ex
cellent fmell like Fennel, of a fweet taft with fome bitter-
nefs ; the leaves are like Fig-leaves of a dark green. A
decodion of the Roots and bark* thereof fweetned with
Sugar, and drunk in* the morning fafting will open the
body and procure a ftool or two, it is good for the Scur
vie taken fome time together, and laying upon the legs
the green leaves of white Hellebore. They give it tp Cows
that have newly calved to make them caft their Cleanings.
This Tree growes not beyond Black-point Eaftward : it is
obferved, that there is no province but produces Trees
and plants not growing in other Regions.
[p. 69.] Non omnis fert omnia tellus.
The Walnut which is divers, fOme bearing fquare nuts,
others like ours, but fmaller : there is likewife black Wal
nut of precious ufe for Tables, Cabinets and the like.
The Walnut-tree is the tougheft wood in the Countrie,
and therefore made ufe of for Hoops and Bowes, there
being no Yew there growing ; In England they made
their Bowes ufually of Witch Hafel, Afh, Yew, the beft
of outlandifh Elm, but ikvc Indians m2k.Q. theirs of Walnut
The Line-tree with long nuts, the other kind I could
never find : the wood of this Tree, Laurel, Rhamnus,
Holly and Ivy are accounted for woods that caufe fire by
attrition ; Laurel and Ivy are not growing in New-Eng-
latid: the Indians will rub two fear'd fticks of any fort of
wood, and kindle a fire with them prefently. .
The Maple-tree, on the boughs of this Tree I have often
found a jellied fubftance like. Jewes-Ears, which I found
upon tryal to be as good for fore throats Cs'c.
The

? 
Two Voyages to New-England. 57
- The Birch-tree is of two kinds, ordinary Birch, and
black Birch, many of thefe Trees are ftript of their bark
by the Indians, who make of it their Canows, Ketdes, [p.
. 70.] and Birchen-diflies : there is an excrefcence growing
out of the body of the Tree called fpunck, or dead mens
Caps, it growes at the Roots of Afli, or Beech, or Elm ;
but the beft is that which growes upon the black Birch,
this boiled and beaten, and then dried in an Oven maketh
excellent Touch-wood, and Balls to play with.
Alder, of which wood there is abundance in the wet
fwamps : the bark thereof with the yolke of an Egg is
good for a ftrain ; an hidian bruifing of his knee, chew'd
the bark of Alder fafting and laid it to, which quickly
helped him. The wives of our Weft-Countrey Englifli
make a drink with the feeds of Alder, giving it to their
Children troubled with the A Hoes. I have talk'd with
many of them, but could never apprehend what difeafe it
fhould be they fo name, thefe Trees are called by fome
Sullinges. The Indians tell of a Tree that growes far up in the
land, that is as big as an Oake, that will cure the falling-
ficknefs infallibly, what part thereof they ufe, Bark, Wood,
leaves or fruit I could never learn ; they promifed often ,
to bring of it to me, but did not I have feen a ftately ¦
Tree growing here and there in valleys, not like to any
Trees in Europe, having a fmooth bark of [p. 71.] a dark
brown colour, the leaves like great Maple, in England
called Sycamor, but larger, it may be this is the Tree they
brag of ' • i'K^.^
Thus much concerning Trees, now I fhall prefent to
your view the Shmbs ; and firft of the Sumach Shrub,
8 which

58 Joffelyn's Account of
which as I have told you in New-E^iglands rarities, dif-
fereth from all the kinds fet down in our Englifh Herb-
als ; the root dyeth wool or cloth reddifli, the decoaion
of the leaves in wine drunk, is good for all Fluxes of the .
belly in man or woman, the whites, &c. For galled
places ftamp the leaves with honey, and apply it, nothing
fo foon healeth a wound in the head as Sumach ftampt and
applyed once in three dayes, the powder ftrewed in flayeth
the bleeding of wounds: The feed of Sumach pounded and
mixt with honey, healeth the Hemorrhoids, the gum put
into a hollow tooth affwageth the pain, the bark or berries
in the fall of the leaf, is as good as galls to make Ink of
Elder in New-England is fhrubbie, & dies once in two
years : there is a fort of dwarf-Elder that growes by the
Sea-fide that hath a red pith, the berries of both are
fmaller than Englifh-YXd^x, not round but comer'd, nei
ther of them fmell fo ftrong as ours.
Juniper growes for the moft part by the Sea-fide, it
bears abundance of fkie-coloured [p. 72.] berries fed upon
by Partridges, and hath a woodie root which induceth me
to believe that the plant mention'd in Job 30. 4. Qui
deurpebant herbas e falfilagine cumfiirpibus : etiam radi
ces yuniperorum cibo erant illis, was our Indian plant
Caffava. They write that yuniper-cozls preferve fire
longeft of any, keeping fire a whole year without fupply,
yet the Indian never burns of it
Sweet fern, fee the rarities of New England, the tops
and nucaments of fweet fern boiled in water or milk and
drunk helpeth all manner of Fluxes, being boiled in water
it makes an excellent liquor for Inck. .r^^
Current-buflies are of two kinds red and black, the
^'* black

Two Voyages to New-England. 59
black currents which are larger than the red fmell like
cats pifs, yet are reafonable pleafant in eating.
The Goofeberry-bufh, the berry of which is called Gro-
fers or thorn Grapes, grow all over the Countrie, the berry
is but fmall, of a red or purple colour when ripe.
There is a fmall flirub which is very common, growing
fometimes to the height of Elder, bearing a berry like in
fhape to the fruit of the white thorn, of a pale yellow col
our at firft, then red, when it is ripe of a deep purple, of
a delicate Aromatical taft, fomewhat ftiptick : to conclude,
[p. 73.] alwayes obferve this rule in taking or refufing
unknown fruit : if you find them eaten of the fowl or
beaft, you may boldly venture to eat of them, otherwife do
not touch them.
Maze, otherwife called Turkie-Vir\\.^2X, or rather Indian-
wheat, becaufe it came firft from thence ; the leaves
boiled and drunk helpeth pain in the back ; of the ftalks
when they are green you may make Beverage, as they do
with Calamels, or Sugar-canes. The raw Corn chewed
ripens felons or Cats hairs, or you may lay Samp to it :
The Indians before it be thorow ripe eat of it parched.
Certainly the parched corn that ^(Jz^az'Z brought to David
was of this kind of grain, i Sam. 25. 18. The yewes
manner was {as it is delivered to us by a learned Divine)
firft to parch their Corn, the7i they fryed it, and lafily they
boiled it to a pafte, and then tempered it with water, Cheefe-
Curds, Honey a7id Eggs', this they carried drye with them
to the Camp, a7id fo wet the Cakes in Wine or milk ; fuch
was the pit If e too ^t/" Africa.
French-htzns, or rather America7i-h&2.ns, the Herbalifts
call them kidney-beans from their fhape and eff"e(5ls, for
they

6o ' Joffelyn's Account of
they ftrengthen the kidneys ; they are variegated much,
fome being bigger a great deal than others ; fome [p. 74.]
white, black, red, yellow, blew, fpotted ; befides your
Bo7iivis and Calavances and the kidney-bean, that is
proper to Ronoake, but thefe are brought into the Coun
trie, the other are natural to the climate. So ih^ Mexico
pompion which is flat and deeply camphered, the flefh
laid to, affwageth pain of the eyes. The water-mellon is
proper to the Countrie, the flefli of it is of a flefli colour,
a rare cooler of Feavers, and excellent againft the ftone.
Pomum fpinofum and palma-Chrifii too growes not here,
unlefs planted, brought from Pernc ; the later is thought
to be the plant that fhaded Jonah the Prophet, Jonas 4. 6.
Paraverat enim Jehova Deus ricinum qui afce7ideret fupra
Jonam, ut effet timbra fuper caput ejus ereptura eum a
malo ipfius ; Icetabaturque Jonas de ricino illo Icetitia
magna. Ricinum, that is palma Chrifti, called alfo cucur-
bita, and therefore tranflated a Gourd.
Tobacco, or Tabacca fo called from Tabaco or Tabago,
one of the Caribbe-lilands about 50 Englifii miles from
Trinidad. The right name, according to Monardus, is
picielte, as others will petum, nicotian from Nicot, a Por-
tingal, to whom it was prefented for a raritie in Anno
Dom. 1559. by one that brought it from Florida. Great
conteft there is about the time when it was firft [p. 75.]
brought into Englajid, fome will have Sir Joh^i Hawkins
the firft, others Sir Francis Drake's Mariners; others
again fay that one Mr. Lane imployed by Sir Walter Raw
leigh brought it firft into England ; all conclude that Sir
Walter Rawleigh broughtit firft in ufe. It is obferved that
no one kind of forraign Commodity yieldeth greater advan-

Two Voyages to New-England. 6i
tage to the publick than Tobacco, it is generally made the
complement of our entertainment, and hath made more
fiaves than Mahomet There is three forts of it Mar-
chantable, the firft horfe Tobacco, having a broad long
leaf piked at the end; the fecond round pointed Tobacco;
third fweet fcented Tobacco. Thefe are made up into
Cane, leaf or ball ; there is little of it planted in New-
England, neither have they learned the right way of cur
ing of it It is fowen in April upon a bed of rich mould
fifted, they make a bed about three yards long, or more
according to the ground they intend to plant and a yard
and a half over 4 this they tread down hard, then they fow
their feed upon it as thick as may be, and fift fine earth
upon it then tread it down again as hard as poffible they
can, when it hath gotten four or fix leaves, they remove it
into the planting ground ; when it begins to bud towards
flowring, they crop off" the [p. 76.] top, for the Flower
drawes away the ftrength of the leaf For the reft I refer
you to the Planter, being not willing to difcover their
myfteries. The Indians in New England ufe a fmall
round leafed Tobacco, called by them, or the Fifliermen
Poke. It is odious to the Englifh. The vertues of To
bacco are thefe, it helps digeftion, the Gout, the Tooth-ach,
prevents infe£lion by fcents, it heats the cold, and cools them
that fweat, feedeth the hungry, fpent fpirits refioreth, purg-
eth thefiomach, killeth nits and lice ; the juice of the green
leaf healeth green wounds, although poyfoned ; the Syrup
for many difeafes, the fmoak for the Phthifick, cottgh of the
lungs, dflillations of Rheume, and all difeafes of a cold
and moifi caufe, good for all bodies cold and moift taken
upon an emptie ftomach, taken upon a full flomach it pre
cipitates

62 yoffelyrHs Accoimt of
cipitates digeftion, imfnoderately take7i it dryeth the body,
enflameth the bloud, hurteth the brain, weake7is the eyes and
thefinews. "VVhite Hellebore is ufed for the'Scurvie by the Englifh.
A friend of mine gave them firft a purge, then conferve
of Bear-berries, then fumed their leggs with vinegar,
fprinkled upon a piece pf mill-ftone made hot, and ap
plied to the fores white Hellebore leaves ; drink made of
Orpi7ie znd forrel wQvt. given likewife with it, and [p. 77.]
Sea-fcurvie-grafs. To kill lice, boil the roots of Hellebore
in milk, and anoint the hair of the head therewith or
other places.
Mandrake, is a very rare plant, the Indians know it not
it is found in the woods about Pafcataway, they do in
plain terms ftink, therefore Reubens Flowers that he
brought home were not Mandrakes, Gen. 30. 14, 15, 16.
They are rendered in the Latine Amabiles flores, the fame
word fay our Divines is ufed in Canticles, 7. 4. Amabi
les iftos flores edentes odorem, & fecundum oftia noftra
omnes pretiofos fru6tus, recentes fimulac veteres, dile(5le
mi, repono tibi. So that the right tranfiation is, Reuben
brought home amiable and fweet fmelling Flowers ; this in
the Canticles {fay they) expounding the other.
Calamus Aromaticus, or the fweet fmelling reed, it
Flowers in fuly ; fee New-Englands rarities.
Sarfdparilla or roughbind-weed (as fome defcribe it)
the leaves and whole bind fet with thoms, of this there is
ftore growing upon the banks of Ponds. See the rarities
of New-England. The leaves of the Sarfaparilla there
defcribed pounded with Hogs greafe and boiled to an
unguent, is excellent in the curing of wounds. Live

Two Voyages to New-England. ] 63
Live for ever, it is a kind of Cud-weed, [p. 78.] flourifh-
eth all fummer long till cold weather comes in, it growes
now plentifully in our Englifii Gardens, it is good for
cough of the lungs, and to cleanfe the breaft taken as you
do Tobacco ; and for pain in the head the deco6tion, or
the juice ftrained and drunk in Bear, Wine, or Aqua
vits, killeth worms. The Fifhermen when they want
Tobacco take this herb being cut and dryed.
Lyfimachus or Loofe-ftrife : there are feveral kinds, but
the moft noted is the yellow Lyfimachus of Virginia, the
root is longifh and white, as thick as ones thumb, the
ftalkes of an overworn colour, and a little hairie, the mid
dle vein of the leaf whitifh, the Flower yellow and like
Primrofes, and therefore called Tree-primrofe, growes
upon feedie veffels, &c. The firft year it growes not up
to a ftalke, but fends up many large leaves handfomely
lying one upon another, Rofe falhion, Flowers in fune, the
feed is ripe in Augufi, this as I have faid is taken by the
Englifh for Scabious.
St yohn's wort, itpreferveth Cheefe made up in it at Sea.
Spurge or Wolfes milch there are feveral forts.
Avens, or herb-bennet ; you have an account of it in
New-E7iglands rarities, but one [p. 79.] thing more I
fhall add, that you may plainly perceive a more mafcu
line quality in the plants growing in New-England. A
neighbour of mine in Hay-time, having overheat himfelf,
and melted his greafe, with ftriving to outmowe another
man, fell dangeroufly fick, not being able to turn himfelf
in his bed, his ftomach gon, and his heart fainting ever
and anon ; to whom I adminiftered the decodtion oiAvens-
Roots and leaves in water and wine, fweetning it with
Syrup

64 yoffelyri-s Accoimt of
Symp of Clove-Gilliflowers, in one weeks time it recov
ered him, fo that he was able to perform his daily work,
being a poor planter or hufbandmanas we call them.
Red-Lilly growes all over th'e Countrey amongft the
bufhes... Mr. fohnfon upon Gerard t3k.es the Tulip to be
the Lilly of the field mentioned by our Saviour, Matth.
6. 28, 29. Ac de veftitu quid foliciti eftis? difcite quomodo
lilid agromim augefcant: non fatigantur, neque nent,fed
dico vobis, ne Solomoriem quidcTn cum univerfa gloria ftc
ami£lum fuiffe ut unum ex iftis. Solomon in all his Roy
alty was not like one of them. His reafons are, firfi from
the fhape, like a lilly ; The fecond, becaufe thofe places where
our Saviour was converfant they grow wild in the fields -
Third, the infinite variety of the [p. 80.] colours. The
fourth and laft reafon, the wondrous beautie and mixture
of thefe Flowers.
Water-lillys ; the black roots dryed and pulverized, are
wondrous effectual in the flopping of all manner of fluxes
of the belly, drunk with wine or water.
Herba-paris, one berry, herb true love, or four-leaved
night-fliade, the leaves are good to be laid upon hot
tumours. Umbilicus veneris, or New-Engla7id daifie, it is good for
hot humours, Erifipelas, St Anthonie's fire, all inflamma
tions. ' -
Glafs-wort, a little quantity of this plant you may take
for the Dropfie, but be very careful that you take not too
much, for it worketh impetuoufly. -::.^
>; Water-plantane, called in New-England water Suck-
leaves, and Scurvie-leaves, you muft lay them whole to the
leggs to draw out water between the flcin and the flefli. ^'^
Rofa-

Two Voyages to New-Englajid. 65
Rofa-folis, Sun-dew, moor-grafs, this plant I have feen
more of, than ever I faw in my whole life before in Eng
land, a man' may gather upon fome marifh-grounds an
incredible quantit}' in a fhort time ; towards the middle
of fune it is in its feafon, for then its fpear is fhot. out to
its length, of which they take hold and pull the whole
plant up by the roots from the mofs with eafe.
[p. 81.] Amber-gretit I take to be a Mufliroom, fee the
rarities of New-England. Monardus writeth that Amber-
greefe rifeth out of a certai7i cla7nmy and bitufninous earth
under the Seas, and by the Sea-fide, the billows cafting up
part of it a la7id, and fifti devour the reft ; Some fay it is
the feed of a Whale, others, that it fpringeth from fou7itains
as pitch doth, which fifhes fw a How down; the air congealeth
it. And fometimes it is found in the crevifes and comers
of Rocks.
Fufs-balls, Mullipuffes called by the Fifhermen Wolves-
farts, are to be found plentifully, and thofe bigger by
much than any I have feen in England.
Coraline there is infinite ftore of it caft upon the fhore,
and another plant that is more fpinie, of a Red colour,
and as hard as Corral. Coraline laid to the gout eafeth
the pain.
Sea-Oake or wreach, or Sea-weed, the black pouches
of Oar-weed dryed and pulverized, and drunk with White-
wine, is an excellent remedy for the ftone.
I will finifh this part of my relation concerning plants,
with an admirable plant for the curing and taking away
of Corns, which many times fore troubleth the Traveller :
it is not above a handful high; the little branches are
woodie, the leaves like [p. 82.] the leaves of Box, but
9 broader

66 foffelyris Account of ' ^ ¦
broader and much thicker, hard and of a deep grafs-green
colour ; this bruifed or champt in the mouth and laid
upon the Corn will take it away clean in one night And.
obferve all Lidian Trees and plants, their Roots are but
of fmall depth, and fo they muft be fet
Of Beafts of the earth there be fcarce 120 feveral kinds,
and not much more of the Fowls of the Air, is the opin
ion of fome Naturalifts ; there are not many kinds of
Beafts in New-Etigland, they may be divided into Beafts
of the Chafe of the ftinking foot as Roes, Foxes, faccals,
Wolves, Wild-cats, Raccons, Porcupines, Squncks, Mtf
quafiies. Squirrels, Sables, and Mattrifes; and Beafts of
the Chafe of the fweet foot Buck, Red Dear, Rain-Dear,
Elke, Maroufe, Maccarib, Bear, Beaver, Otter, Marten,
Hare. The Roe a kind of Deer, and the fleeteft Beaft upon
earth is here to be found, and is good venifon, but not
over fat
The Fox, the male is called a dog-fox, the female a
bitch-fox, they go a clicketing the beginning of the fpring,
and bring forth their Cubs in May and fune. There are
two or three kinds of them ; one a great yellow Fox, an
other grey, who will climb up into Trees ; the black Fox
is of much efteem. Foxes and Wolves are ufually hunted
[p. 83.] in England from Holy-Rood day, till the Annun-
ciatio7i. »In New-England they make beft fport in the
depth of winter ; they lay a fledg-load of Cods-heads on
the other fide of a paled fence when the moon fhines,
and about nine or ten of the clock the Foxes come to it,
fometimes two or three, or half a dozen, and more ; thefe
they Ihoot, and by that time they have cafed them, there will

Tivo Voyages to New-E7igla7id. 67
will be as many ; So they continue fliooting and killing
oi Foxes as long as the moon fliineth : I have known half
a fcore kill'd in one night Their pifles are bonie like a
doggs, their fat liquified and put into the ears eafeth the
pain, their tails or bufhes are very fair ones and of good
ufe, but their fkins are fo thin (yet thick fet with deep
furr) that they will hardly hold the drefllng.
yaccals there be abundance, which is a Creature much
hke a Fox, but fmaller, they are very frequent in Palcef
ti7ia, or the Holy-land.
The Wolf feeketh his mate and goes a clicketing at
the fame feafon with Foxes, and bring forth tlieir whelps
as they do, but their kennels are under thick buflies by
great Trees in remote places by the fwamps, he is to be
hunted as the Fox from Holy-rood day till the An7mncia-
tio7i. But there [p. 84.] they have a quicker way to de-
ftroy them. See New-Engla7ids rarities. They commonly
go in routs, a rout of Wolves is 12 or more, fometimes by
couples. In 1664. we found a fF(7^afleep in a fmall dry
fwamp under an Oake, a great maftiff which we had with .
us feized upon him, and held him till we had put a rope
about his neck, by which we brought him home, and
tying of him to a ftake we bated him with fmaller Doggs,
and had excellent fport ; but his hinder legg being broken,
they knockt out his brains. Sometime before this we had
an excellent courfe after a fingle Wolf upon the hard
fands by the Sea-fide at low water for a mile or two, at
laft we loft our doggs, it being (as the Lancaftiire people
phrafe it) twi-light, that is almoft dark, and went beyond
them, for a maftiff-bitch had feized upon the Wolf being
gotten into the Sea, and there held him,. till one went in
and

68 foffelyns Account of
and led him out, the bitch keeping her hold till they had
tyed his leggs,, and fo carried him" home like a Calf upon
a ftaff between two men ; being brought into the houfe
they unbound him and fet him- upon his leggs, he not
offering in the leaft to bite, or fo much as to fliew his
teeth, but clapping his ftern betwixt his leggs, and leer
ing towards the door would willingly have had his liberty,
[p. 85.] but they ferved him as they did the other, knockt
his brains out for our doggs were not then in a condition
to bate him ; their eyes fliine by night as a Lanthorn :
the Fangs of a Wolf hung about childrens necks keep
them from frighting, and are very good to rub their
gums with when they are breeding of Teeth, the gall of a
Wolf IS Soveraign forfwelling of the finews; the fiants or
dung of a Wolf drunk with white-wine helpeth the Collick.
The Wild-cat, Lufern or luceret, or Ounce as fome call
it, is not inferiour to Lamb, their greafe is very foveraign
for lamenefs upon taking cold.
The Racoon or Rattoon is of two forts, gray Rattoons,
and black Rattoons, their greafe is foveraign for wounds
with bruifes, aches, ftreins, bruifes ; and to anoint after
broken bones and diflocations.
The Squnck is almoft as big as a Racoon, perfect black
and white or pye-bald, with a bufih-tail like a Fox, an of-
fenfive Carion ; the Urine of this Creature is of fo ftrono-
a fcent that if it light upon any thing, there is no abiding
of it it will make a man fmell, though he were of Alexan
ders complexion ; and fo fharp that if he do but whisk his
bufli which he piffeth upon in the face of a dogg hunt
ing of him, and that [p. 86.] any of it light in his eyes it
will make him almoft mad with the fmart thereof The

Two Voyages to New-England. 69
The Mufquafiies is a fmall Beaft that lives in fhallow
ponds, where they build them houfes of earth and fticks
in fhape like mole-hills, and feed upon Calamus Aromat
icus : in'May they fcent very ftrong of Muske ; their furr
is of no great efteem ; their ftones wrapt up in Cotten-
wool will continue a long time, and are good to lay
amongft cloths to give them a grateful fmell.
The Squirril, of which there are three forts, the moufe-
fquirril, the gray fquirril, and the flying fquirril, called by
the hidian Affapanick. The moufe-fquirril is hardly fo
big as a Rat, ftreak'd on both fides with black and red <-
reaks, they are mifchievous vermine deftroying abun
dance of Com both in the field and in the houfe, where
they will gnaw holes into Chefts, and tear clothes both
linnen and woUen, and are notable nut-gathers in Au
gufi ; when hafel and filbert nuts are ripe you may fee
upon every Nut-tree as many moufe-fquirrils as leaves ;
So that the nuts are gone in a trice, which they convey
to their Drays or Nefts. The gray fquirril is pretty large,
almoft as big as a Conie, and are very good meat : in
fome parts of the Countrie there are many of them. The
flying fquirril is fo called, [p. 87.] becaufe (his skin being
loofe and large) he fpreads it on both fides like wings
when he paffeth from one Tree to another at great dif
tance. I cannot call it flying nor leaping, for it is both.
The Mattrife is a Creature whofe head and fore-parts is
fhaped fomewhat like a Lyons, not altogether fo big as a
houfe-cat they are innumerable up in the Countrey, and
are efteemed good furr.
The Sable is much of the fize of a Mattrife perfe6t
black, but what ftore there is of them I cannot tell, I
never faw but two of them in Eight years fpace. The

JO Joffelyn's Account of
The Martin is as ours are in England, but blacker,
they breed in .holes which they make in the earth like
Conies, and are innumerable, their skins or furr are in
much requeft.
The Buck, Stag, and Rain-Dear are Creatures that will
live in the coldeft climates, here they are innumerable,
brinsino- forth three Fawns or Calves at a time, which
they hide a mile afunder to prevent their deftmaion by
the Wolves, \f\\d-Cats, Bears, and Mequans : when they
are in feafon they will be very fat ; there are but few flain
by the Englifh. The Indians who fhoot them, and take
of them with toyls, bring them in [p. 88.] with their fuet,
and the bones that grow upon Stags-Hearts.
The Moofe or Elke is a Creature, or rather if you will
a Monfter of fuperfluity ; a full grown Moofe is many
times bigger than an Englifli Oxe, their horns as I have
faid elfewhere, very big (and brancht out into palms) the
tips whereof are fometimes found to be two fathom afun
der, (a fathom [p. 8g.] is fix feet from the tip of one finger
to the tip of the other, that is four cubits,) and in height
from the toe of the fore-foot to the pitch of the fhoulder
twelve foot, both which hath been taken by fome of my
fceptique Readers to be monftrous lyes. If you confider
the breadth that the beaft carrieth, and the magnitude of
the horns, you will be eafily induced to contribute your
behef What would you fay, if I fhould tell you that in Green
land there are Does that have as large horns as Bucks,
their brow Anders growing downwards beyond their
Mifles, and broad at the end wherewith they fcrape away
the fnow to the grafs, it being impoffible for them other
wayes to live in thofe cold Countries ; the head of one of
thefe

Two Voyages to New-England. 71
thefe Does was fometime fince nailed upon a fign-poft in
Charter-hoi fe-lane, and thefe following verfes written upon
a board underneath it.
«
Like a Bucks-^^<3:^ I ftand in open view,
Afid yet am no7ie ; nay, wonder not, 'tis true ;
The living Beaft that thefe fair horns did owe
Well know7i to many, was a Green-land Doe
The proverb old is here fulfilVd in me.
That every like is not the fame you fee.
And for their height fince I came into England I have
read Dr. Scroderns his Chymical difpenfatory tranflated
into Englifii by Dr. Rowland, where he writes that when
he lived in Finland tmder Guftavus Horn, he faw an Elke
that was killed and prefented to Guftavus his Mother, fev-
enteen fpans high. Law you now Sirs of the Gibing crue,
if you have any skill in menfuration, tell me what differ
ence there is between Seventeen fpans and tAvelve foot
There are certain tranfcendentia in every Creature, which
are the indelible Chara6lers of God, and which difcover
God ; There's a prudential for you, as Jolm Rhodes the
Fifherman ufed to fay to his mate, Ritt Lux. But to go
on with the Moofe ; they are accounted a kind of Deer,
and have three Calves at a time, which they hide a mile
afunder too, as other Deer do, their skins make excellent
Coats for Martial men, their finews which are as [p. 90.]
big as a mans finger are of perdurable toughnefs and
much ufed by the Indians, the bone that growes upon
their heart is an excellent Cordial, their bloud is as thick
as an Affes or Bulls who have the thickeft bloud of all
others.

72 yoffelyris Accoimt of
others, a' man the thinneft. To what age they live I know
not, certainly a long time in their proper climate. Some
particular living Creatures cannot live in every particular
place or region, efpecially with the fame joy a7id felicity as
it did where it was firft bred for the certain agreement of
nature that is between the place and the thing bred in that
place : As appeareth by Elephants, which being tranfiated
and brought out of the Second or Third CBnate, though
they 7nay live, yet will they 7iever ingender or bring forth
young. So for plants, Birds, ^c. Of both thefe Creat
ures, fome few there have been brought into England,
but did not long continue. Sir R. Baker in his Chronicle
tells us of an Elephant in Henry the Thirds Raign, which
he faith was the firft that was ever feen there, which as it
feems is an error, unlefs he reftrain it to the Norman's
time. For Mr. Speed writeth that Claudius Drufius Em-
perour of Rome brought in the firft in his Army ; the
bones of which digg'd up fince are taken for Gyants
bones. As for the Moofe the firft that was feen in Eng
land, [p. 91.] was in King Charles the Firft Raign; thus
much fbr thefe magnals amongft the Creatures of God to
be wondered at the next beaft to be mentioned is
The Mauroufe, which is fomewhat like a Moofe, but his
horns are but fmall, and himfelf about the fize of a Stag,
thefe are the Deer that the flat-footed Wolves hunt after.
The Maccarib is a Creature not found that ever I
heard yet, but upon Cape-Sable near to the French plan
tations. _ The Bear when he goes to mate is a terrible Creature,
they bring forth their Cubs in March, hunted with doggs
they take a Tree where they fhoot them, when he is fat he is

Two Voyages to New-England. 73
is excellent Venifon, which is in Acorn time, and in win
ter, but then there is none dares to attempt to kiU him
but the Indian. He makes his Denn amongft thick
Buflies, tlirufting in here and there ftore of Mofs, which
being covered with fnow and melting in the day time
with heat of the Sun, in the night is frozen into a thick
coat of Ice ; the mouth of his Den is very narrow, here
they lye fingle, never two in a Den all winter. The hi
dian as foon as he finds them, creeps in upon all four,
feizes with his left hand upon the neck of the fleeping
Bear, drags him to the mouth of [p. 92.] the Den, where
with a club or fmall hatchet in his right hand he knocks
out his brains before he can open his eyes to fee his en
emy. But fometimes they are too quick for the Indians,
as one amongft them called black Robin lighting upon a
male Bear had a piece of his buttock tom off before he
could fetch his blow : their greafe is very foveraign. One
Mr. Purchafe cured himfelf of- the Sciatica with Bears-
greefe, keeping fome of it continually in his groine. It is
good too for fwell'd Cheeks upon cold, for Rupture of the
hands in winter, for limbs taken fuddenly with Sciatica,
Gout, or other difeafes that cannot ftand upright nor go,
bed-rid ; it muft be well cliaft in, and the fame cloth laid
on ftill; it prevents the fhedding of the hair occafioned by
the coldnefs of winters weather ; and the yard of a Bear
which as a Doggs or Foxes is bonie, is good for to expell
Gravel out of the kidneys and bladder, as I was there
¦told by one Mr. Abraham Philater a ferfey-man.
The Beaver or Pound-dog is an Amphibious Creature,
fives upon the land as well as in the water. I fuppofe
they feed upon fifh, but am fure that the Bark of Trees is
¦jo alfo

74 foffelyns Accoimt of
alfo their food ; there is an old proverbial faying, fie me-
jubes quotidie,.ut fiber falice7n: you love me as the Beaver
doth the willow ; [p. 93.] who eateth the Bark and killeth
the Tree. They v/ill be tame, wltnefs the Beaver that not
long fince was kept at Bofion in the Maffachufets-Bay,
and would run up and down the ftreets, returning home
without a call. Their skins are highly valued, and their
ftories are good for the palfie, trembling, and numbnefs of
the hands, boiling of them in Oyl of Spike, and anoint
ing the finews in the neck. If you take of Caftorium two
drams, of womans hair one dram, and with a little Rozen
of the Pine-Tre&, make it up into pills as big as Filberts
and perfume a woman in a fit of the mother with one at
a time laid upon coals under her noftrils, it will recover
her out of her fit The greafe of a Beaver is good for the
Nerves, Convulfions, Epilepfies, Apoplexies &c. The tail
as I have faid in another Treatife, is very fat and of a
mafculine vertue, as good as Eringds or Satyrion-Roois.
The Otter or ^wer-Dog is Amphibious too, he hunteth
for his kind in the fpring, and bringeth forth his whelps
as the Beaver doth, they are generally black, and very
numerous, they are hunted in Etigland from Shrovetide
untill Midfummer, but in New-England they take them
when they can. The skin of an Otter is worth Ten Shil
lings, [p. 94.] and the Gloves made thereof are the beft
fortification for the hands againft wet weather that can be
thought of, the furr is exceUent for muffs, and is almoft as
dear as Beaver, the greafe of an Otter will make fifli turn
up their bellies, and is of rare ufe for many things.
The Hare, I have no more to write of them than that
they kindle in hollow Trees. What elfe concerns him, or
any

Two Voyages to New-England. 75
any of the fore-mentioned Creatures you have in my New-
Engla7ids 'rarities, to which I refer you.
The Porcupine likewife I have treated of, only this I
forgot to acquaint you with, that they lay Eggs, and are
good meat.
The laft kind of Beafts are they that are begot bv
equivocal generation, as Mules and feveral others, that
when the Beafts were brought by the Almighty Creator
to Adam, who gave them names, were not then in reTmm
natura. Of thefe there are not many known in New-
England. I know but of one, and that is the hidian dog
begotten betwixt a Wolf and a Fox, or between a Fox
and a Wolf which they made ufe of, taming of them, and
bringing of them up to hunt with, but fince the Englifh
came amongft them they have gotten ftore of our dogs,
which they bring up and keep in as much fubje6tion as
they do their webbs.
[p. 95.] Of birds there are not many more than 120
kinds as our Naturalifts have conje<5fured, but I think
they are deceived ; they are divided into land-birds and
water-birds, the land-birds again into birds of prey, birds
for meat finging-birds and others.
The Pilhaimaw is the King of Birds of prey in New-
England, fome take him to be a kind of Eagle, others for
the iTidian-Ruck the biggeft Bird that is, except the Of
trich. One Mr. Hilton living at Pafcataway, had the hap
to kill one of them : being by the Sea-fide he perceived
a great fhadow over his head, the Sun fliining out clear,
cafting up his eyes he faw a monftrous Bird foaring aloft
in the air, and of a fudden all the Ducks and Geefe, (there
being then. a great many) dived under water, nothing of
them

76 - - Joffelyn's Account of ¦
them appearing but their heads. Mr. Hilton having made
readie his piece, fliotand brought her down to the ground,
how he difpofed of her I know not but had he taken her
alive &: fent her over into E^rgland, neither Barthohmew
¦ nor Stur bridge-Fair could have produced fuch another
fight Hawkes there are of feveral kinds, as Gofiiawkes, FaU
C071S, La7iiers, Sparrow-hawkes, and a little black hawke
highly prized by the Indians who wear them on their [p.
96.} heads, and is accounted of worth fufficient to ran-
fome a Sagamour : they are fo ftrangely couragipus and
bardie, that nothing flyeth in the Air that they will not
bind with. I have feen them tower fo high, that they
have been fo fmall that fcarcely could they be taken by
the eye, Hawkes greafe is very good for fore eyes.
The Ofprey I have treated of There is a fmall Afh-
colour Bird that is fliaped like a Hawke with talons and
beak that falleth upon Crowes, mounting up into the Air
after them, and will beat them till they make them cry.
. The Vulture or Geire, which is fpoken of in Levit. 11.
14. and called a Gripe, their skins are good to line doub
lets with, and the bones of their head hung about the neck
helpeth the head-ach. ' ..,'6
The Gripe ; fee New Englands rarities, and for the Tur-
y^zV-buzzard. -.} ^ .: .,
^-¦ The Ozy/the moft flagging Bird that is, of which there
are three forts, a great grey Owl with ears, a little grey
Owl, and a white Ozvl, which is no bigger than a Thnifk.
Plinie wrii&s, that the brains of an Ow/ affwageth the pain
& inflammation in the lap of the ear. And that Eggs of
an Owl put into the liquour that a tofpot ufeth to be dnink
7 with,'

Two Voyages to New-England. 77
with, will make him loath drunkennefs [p. 97.] ever after.
But now peradventure fome will fay, what doth this man
mean to bring Owls to Athens 1 verily Sirs I prefume to
fay, had 1 brought over of the little white Owls they would
have been acceptable, they are good moufers, and pretty
Birds to look upon ; the Athenia7is, no queftion are better
imployed than to take notice of my Owls, poor ragged
Birds they are and want thofe gliftering golden feathers
that Draito7i's Owl is adorned with, yet they are fome
what of that nature ; if an Athe7iian chance in this feafon
of divertifement to caft an eye upon them I fhall be glad,
but more glad if he vouchfafe to prune and correcSl their
feathers, which I confefs are difcompofed for want of Art ;
plain Birds they are, and fit for none but plain men to
manage. Sirs do not miftake me, there's no man lining
honours an Athenia7i more than I do, efpecially where I
perceive great abilities concomiting with goodnefs of
nature : A good nature (faith Mr. Perkins) is the Char-
ader of God, and God is the father of learning, knowl
edge, and every good gift, and hath condefcended to be
come a School-mafter to us poor mortals, furnifliing of us
with Philofophy, Hiftorie, Divinity by his holy Scriptures,
which if we diligently learn and pradife, we fliall in [p.
98.] timelbe brought into his Heavenly Academy, where
we fliall have fulnefs and perfe6lion of knowledge eter
nally. But there are a Generation of men and women in
this prophane age that defpife Gods learning and his
Ufhers to the Athenians, choofing to wallow in the pleaf
ures of fin for a feafon. I fliall conclude this excurfion,
with that which a Poet writ fometime fince, and then
return to the trimming of my Owl. Say

78 Joffelyn's Account of
Say thou pour ft them Wheat,
'And they would Acorns eat;
' Twere fimple fury in thee fiill to waft
Thy felf , on them that have no taft;
No, give them draff their fill,
Hufks, Grains andfwill;
They that love Lees and leave the luftie Wine,
Envy them not, their palats with the Swi7ie.
The Raven is here numerous and Crowes, but Rooks,
Danes, Popinjaes, Megpies there be none. It is obferved
that the female of all Birds of prey and Ravin is ever
bigger than the male, more venturous, hardy, and watch
ful : but fuch Birds as do not live by prey and Ravin, the
male iS more large than the female. So much for Birds
of prey, the next are Birds for the difh, and the firft of
thefe is,
[p. 99.] The Turkic, which is in New-England a very
large Bird, they breed twice or thrice in a year, if you
would preferve the young Chickens alive, you muft give
them no water, for if they come to have their fill of water
they will drop away ftrangely, and you will never be able
to rear any of them : they are excellent meat, efpecially a
Turkie-Capon beyond that, for which Eight fhillings was
given, their Eggs are very wholefome and reftore decayed
nature exceedingly. But the French fay they breed the
Leprofie ; the Indeffes make Coats of 7z^;-/&z^-feathers
woven for their Children.
The Parti'idge is larger than ours, " white fiefht, but
very dry, they are indeed a fort of Partridges called
Groofes. • u.
The

Two Voyages to New-England. Hq
The Pidgeon, of which theire are millions of millions I
have feen a flight of Pidgeons in the fpring, and at Mich
aelmas when they return back to the Southward for four
or five miles, that to my thinking had neither beginnino-
nor ending, length nor breadth, and fo thick that I could
fee no Sun, they joyn Neft to Neft, and Tree to Tree by
their Nefts many miles together in Pine-Trees. But of
late they are much diminifhed, the Englffi taking them
with Nets. I have bought at Bofton a dozen of Pidgeons
ready pull'd and garbidgd for three pence, [p. loo.] Ring-
Doves they fay are there too, but I could never fee any. '
The S7iow-V)ird is like a Chaf-Finch, go in flocks and
are good meat.
The finging Birds are Thrufhes with red breafts, which
will be very fat and are good meat, fo are the Threffels,
Filladies are fmall finging Birds, Ninmurders little yellow
Birds. New-England Nightingales painted with orient
colours, black, white, blew, yellow, green and fcarlet, and
fing fweetly. Wood-larks, Wrens, Swallows, who will fit
upon Trees, and Starlings black as Ravens with fcarlet
pinions ; other forts of Birds there are, as the Troculus,
Wag-tail, or Difh-water, which is here of a brown colour,
Titmoufe two or three forts, the Dunneck or hedge-Spar
row who is ftarke naked in his winter neft. The golden or
yeUow hammer, a Bird about the bignefs of a Thrufh that
is all over as red as bloud, Wood-Peckers of two or three
forts, glorioufly fet out with variety of glittering colours.
The Colibry, Viemalin, or rifing or waking Bird, an Em
blem of the Refurre6lion, and the wonder of little Birds.
The water-fowl are thefe that follow. Hookers or wild-
Swans, Cranes, Geefe of three forts, grey, white, and the
• brant

8o foffelyns Account of
brant Goofe, the firft and laft are beft meat, the white are
[p. loi.] lean and tough and live a long time; whereupon
the proverb, Older than a white Gopfe; of the skins of the
necks of grey Geefe with their Bills the Indiatis makes
Mantles and Coverlets fowing them together and they
fliew prettily. There be four forts of Ducks, a black
Duck, a brown Duck like our wild Ducks, a grey Duck,
and a great black and white Duck, thefe frequent Rivers
and Ponds ; but of Ducks there be many more forts, as
Hounds, old Wives, Murres, Doles, Shell-drakes, Shoulers
or Shofiers, Widgeons, Simps, Teal Blew wing'd, and
green wing'd, Divers or Didapers, or Dip-chicks, Fenduck,
Duckers or Moorhens, Coots, Pochards, a water-fowl like a
Duck, Plungeons, a kind of water-fowl with a long reddifh
Bill, Puets, Plovers, Smethes, Wilmotes, a kind of Teal,
Godwits, Humilities, R7iotes, RedSha7ikes, Wobbles, Loones,
Gulls, white Gulls, or ^ea-Cobbs, Caudemandies, Herons,
grey Bitterns, Ox-eyes, Birds called Oxen and Ree7t, Pet-
terels. Rings fiftiers, which breed in the fpring in holes in
the Sea-banks, being unapt to propagate in Stimmer, by
reafon of the drinefs of their bodies, which becomes more
moift when their pores are clofed by cold. Moft of thefe
Fowls and Birds are eatable. There are little Birds that
frequent the Sea-ftiore in flocks called Sanderlins, [p.
I02.] they are about the bignefs of a Sparrow, and in the
fall of the leaf will be all fat ; when I was firft in the
Countrie the E7iglifh cut them into fmall pieces to put
into their Puddings inftead of fuet I have known twelve
fcore and above kill'd at two fhots. I have not done yet,
we muft not forget the Cormorant, Shape or Sharke ;
though I cannot commend them to our curious palats, the
Indians

Two Voyages to New-England. 8i
hidians will eat them when they are fley'd, they take them
prettily, they rooft in the night upon fome Rock that lyes
out in the Sea; thither the Indian goes in his Birch-C«-
«£7zy when*the Moon fhines clear, and when he is come
almoft to it he lets his Canow drive on of it felf, when he
is come under the Rock he flioves his Boat along till he
come juft under the Cormora7its watchman, the reft being
afieep, and fo foundly do fleep that they will fnore like fo
many Piggs ; the Indian thrufts up his hand of a fudden,
grafping the watchman fo hard round about his neck that
he cannot cry out ; as foon as he hath him in his Canow
he wrings off his head, and making his Canow faft, he
clambreth to the top of the Rock, where walking foftly
he takes them up as he pleafeth, ftill wringing off their
heads ; when he hath flain as many as his Canow can
carry, he gives a fhout [p. 103.] which awakens the fur-
viving Cormorants, who are gone in an inftant.
The next Creatures that you are to take notice of, are
they that live in the Element of water. Pli7iy reckons
them to be of 177 kinds, but certainly if it be true that
there is no Beaft upon Earth, which hath not his like in
the Sea, and which (perhaps) is not in fome part parallel'd
in the plants of the Earth ; we may by a diligent fearch
find out many more: of the fame opinion is the Poet who
faith that it is '
Affirm' d by fome that what on Earth we find.
The Sea can parallell in fhape and kind.
Divine Dubertus goes further. : -
II .; «- You

82 yoffelyns Account of
You Divine wits of elder dayes, from whom
The deep i7ivcntion of rare works hath C07ne,
Took you not pattern of our chief efl Tooles
Out of the lap of Thetis, Lakes, and Pools ?
Which partly in the Waves, part on the edges
Of craggy Rocks, among their ragged f edges.
Bring forth abundance of Pins, Spincers,fpokes,
Pikes, piercers, needles, mallets, pipes & yoaks.
Oars, fails & fwords, faw s, wedges, razors, rammers,
Plumes, cornets, knives, wheels, vices, horns and hammers.
[p. 104.] Pfalm 104. 25, 26. In ipfo mari magno &fpa-
tiofo, illic reptilia funt atque innumera a7iimantia parva
cum magnis. Illic navea ambulant ; balcena quam for-
mafti ludendo in eo.
And as the females amongft Beafts and Birds of prey
for form and beautie furpafs the males, fo do they efpe
cially amongft fifhes ; and thofe I intend to treat of, I
fhall divide into falt-water fifh, and frefli-water fifh.
The Sea that Pifcina mirabilis affords us the greateft
number, of which I fliall begin firft with the Whale a regal
fifh, as all fifhes of extraordinary fize are accounted, of
thefe there are (as I have faid in another place) feven
kinds, the Ambergreefe-/^/^<2!/<? the chiefeft. Anno Dom.
1668 the 17 oi fuly there was one of them thrown up on
the fhore between Winter-harbour and Cape-porpus, about
eight mile from the place where I lived, that was five and
fifty foot long. They are Creatures of a vaft magnitude
and ftrength. The Royal Pfalmift, in the 148 pfalm, and
the 7 verfe, makes mention of them. Laudate fehovam
terreftria ; Cete {Dracones as fome tranfiate it) & omnes abyffi.

Two Voyages to New-England. 83
abyffi. And Mofes in his hiftory of Job, Job 41. i. A71
extrahas balcenam h^mo, &c. [p. 105.] Whereby the fub-
tlety of the Devil isfiiewed, as alfo, the greatnefs a7id bru-
tifttnefs of the Devil by the Elephant, in the "10 veife of tlie
foregoing Chapter. In the book of ]onas prophecies we read
of a great fifti, Jonah i. 17. Pararat autem fehova pif-
cem magnum, qui obforberei yo7iam. But whetlier this
were a Whale or not is queftioned by fome. In the head
{faith Mr. Parkinfon the Herbalift) of one only fort of
Whale-fifti is foimd that which is called fperma Ceeti, it
lyes in a hole therein, as it zvere a Well, taken out and
preft that the oyl may come out, the fubftance is that we ufe
for fperma Csti, and hath little or no fmell, the oyl fmells
ftrong. See the rarities of New-England.
The Sea-hare is as big as Grampus or Herrin-hog, and
as white as a flieet ; There hath been of them in Black-
point-Harhour, & fome way up the river, but we could
never take any of them, feveral have fhot^fluggs at them,
but loft their labour.
The Sturgeon is a Regal fifh too, I have feen of them
that have been fLxteen foot in length: of their founds they
make Ifinglafs, which melted in the mouth is excellent to
feal letters.
Sharkes there are infinite ftore, who tear the Fifher-
mens nets to their great lofs and hinderance ; they are of
two forts, one flat [p. 106.] headed, the other long-fnouted,
the pretious ftone in their heads (foveraign for the ftone
in a man) fo much coveted by the travelling Chirurgeon
is nought elfe but the brains of the flat-headed Sharke.
With thefe we may joyn the Dog-fifh or Thom-hound,
who hath two long fharp prickles on his back.
The

84 yoffelyris Accoimt of
The Sea-horfe or Morfe is a kind of monfter-fifli nu
merous about the Ifle of Sables, i. e. The fandy Ifle. An
Amphibious Creature kill'd for their Teeth and Oyl,
never brings forth more than two" at a birth ; as alfo doth
the Soil and Manate or Cow-fifh which is fuppofed to be
the Sea-monfter fpoken of by feremy, Lai7ient. 4. 3.
Etiam phocce prcebent mamma^n, lallant catulos fuos ; So
the Lati7is render it, phoca a Sea-Calf or Soil.
The fmall Sword-fiffi is very good meat the Sea-bat or
Sea-owl a kind of flying fifh.
Negroes or Sea-Devils a very ugly fifh, having a black
fcale, there are three forts of them, one a hideous fifli,^
another about two foot long ; of thefe I have feen ftore in
Black-point Harbour in the water, but never attempted to
take any of them.
Squids a foft fifh fomewhat like a cudgel, their horns
like a Snails, which fometimes are found to be of an in
credible length, [p. 107.] this fifh is much ufed for bait to
catch a Cod, Hacke, Polluck, and the like Sea-fifli.
The Dolphin, Bonito, or Dozado, the aflies of their teeth
mixed with honey, is good to affwage the pain of breeding
teeth in Children.
The Sea-bream, Dorado, or Amber-fifti, they follow fhips
as doth the Dolphin, and are good meat.
The Mackarel, of which there is choicefuU plenty all
fummer long, in the fpring they are ordinarily 1 8 inches
long, afterwards there is none taken but what are fmaller.
The Liver-fifh like a Whiting.
The Herrin which are numerous, they take of them all
fummer long. In Anno Dom. 1670. they were driven, into
Black-point Harbour by other great fifh that prey upon them

Two Voydges to New-England. 85
them fo near the fliore, that they threw themfelves (it be
ing high water) upon dry land in fuch infinite numbers
that we might have gone up half way the leg amongft
them for near a quarter of a mile. We ufed to qualifie a
pickled Herrin by boiling of him in milk.
The Alewife is like a herrin, but has a bigger bellie
therefore called an Alewife, they come in the end oi April
into frefli [p. 108.] Rivers and Ponds ; there hath been
taken in two hours time by two men without any Weyre
at ah, faving a few ftones to ftop the paffage of the River,
above ten thoufand. The Italia7t hath a proverb, that he
that hath feen one miracle will eafily believe another ; but
this relation far from a miracle will peranter meet inftead
of a belief with an Adulterate conftru<5lion from thofe
that are fomewhat akin to St Peters mockers, fuch as
deny the laft judgement I have known in Engla7td 9
fcore and 16 Pikes and Pickarel taken with three Angles
between the hours of three and ten in the morning, in
the River Owfe in the Ifle of Ely, three quarters of a yard
long above half of them ; they make red Alewives after
the fame manner as they do herrins and are as good.
. The Baffe is a fait water fifh too, but moft an end taken
in Rivers where they fpav/n, there hath been 3000 Baffe
taken at a fet one writes that the fat in the bone of a
Baffes head is his brains which is a lye.
The Salmon hkewife is a Sea-fifli, but as the Baffe
comes into Rivers to fpawn, a Salmon the firft y^ar is a
Salmon-fmelt ; The fecond a Mort; The third a Spraid;
The fourth a Soar; The fifth a Sorrel; The fixth [p.
109.] a forket tail; and the feven th year a Salmon.
There are another fort of Salmon frequent in thofe
parts called white Salmons. Capeling

86 yoffelyris Accoimt of
Capeling is a fmall fifli like a fmelt
• The Turtle or Tortoife is of trwo forts Sea-Turtles and
land-Turtles: of Sea-Turtles there are five forts, of land-
Turtles three forts, one of which is a right land-turtle that
feidom or never goes into the water, the other two . being
the Kiyer-Turtle, and the Tpond-Turtle : there are. many of
thefe in the brooke Chyfon in the Holy land. The afhes
of a Sea-Turtle mixt with oyl or Bears-greaie caufeth
hair to grow; the fhell of a land-Ttcrtle burnt and the
afhes. diffolved in wine and oyl to an unguent healeth
chaps and fores of the feet : the flefh burnt and the afhes
mixt with wine and oyl healeth fore legs : the afhes of the
burnt fhell and the whites of eggs compounded together
healeth chaps in womens nipples ; and the head pulver
ized with it prevents the falling of the hair, and will heal
the Hemorrhoids, firft wafhing of them with white-wine,
and then ftrewing on the powder.
Lobfier, which fome fay is at firft a whelk, I have feen
a Lobfier that weighed twenty pound, they caft their fhell-
coats in the fpring, and fo do Crabs ; having underneath
a thin red skin which growes thicker and [p. i ic] hard in
fhort time. The Indians feed much upon this fifh, fome
they roft, and fome they dry as they do Lampres and Oys
ters which are delicate breakfaft meat fo ordered,^ the Oys
ters are long fhell'd, I have had of them nine inches long
from the joynt to the toe, containing an Oyfter like thofe
the Latines called Tridacuan that were to be cut into
three pieces before they could get them into their mouths,
very fat and fweet
The Mufcle is of two forts, Sea-mufcles in which they
find Pearl and riy er-mufc les. Sea-mufcles dryed and pul
verized

Two Voyages to N'ew-England. 87
¦verized and laid upon the fores of the Piles and hemor
rhoids with oyl will perfe(5tly cure them..
The Whore is a fliell-fifli, the fhells are caUed whores-
eggs, beitig fine round white fliells, in fliape like a Mexico
pompion, but no bigger than a good laree Hens-eo-o- •
they are wrought down the fides with little knobs and
holes very prettily, but are but thin and brittle.
The Perriwig is a fhell-fifli that lyeth in the Sands flat
and round as a fhovel-board piece and very little thicker ;
thefe at a little hole in the middle of the fhell thruft out a
cap of hair, but upon the leaft motion of any danger it
drawes it in again.
Trouts there be good ftore in every brook, ordinarily
two and twenty inches [p. in.] long, their greafe is good
for the Piles and clifts.
The Eal is of two forts, falt-water Eals and frefli-water
Eals ; thefe again are diftinguifhed into yellow bellied
Eals and filver bellied Eals ; I never eat better Eals in
no part of the world that I have been in, than are here.
They that have no mind or leafure to take them, may buy
of an Indian half a dozen filver bellied Eals as biar as
thofe we ufually give 8 pence or 1 2 pence a piece for at
London, for three pence or a groat. There is feveral wayes
of cooking them, fome love them roafted, others baked,
and many will have them fryed ; but they pleafe my pal
ate beft when they are boiled, a common way it is to boil
them in half water, half wine with the bottom of a man-
chet, a fagot of Parfley, and a httle winter favory, when
they are boiled they take them out and break the bread
in the broth, and put to it three or four fpoonfuls of yeft,
and a piece of fweet butter, this they pour to their Eals laid

88 foffelyns Account of
laid upon fippets and fo ferve it 'up. I fancie my way
better which is this, after the Eals are. fley'd and waflit I
fill their bellies with Nutmeg grated and Cloves a httle
bruifed, and fow them up with a needle and thred, then I
ftick a Clove here and there in their fides about an inch
afunder, [p. 112.] making holes for them with a bodkin,
this done I wind them up in a wreath and put them into
a kettle with half water and half white wine-vinegar, fo
much as will rife four fingers above the Eals, in midft
of the Eals I put the bottom of a penny white loaf, and a
fagot of thefe herbs following, Parfley one handful, a little
fweet Marjoram, Peniroyal and Savory, a branch of Rofe-
mary, bind them up with a thred, and when they are
boiled enough take out the Eals and pull out the threds
that their bellies were fowed up with, turn out the Nut
meg and Cloves, put the Eals in a difh with butter and
vinegar upon a chafing-difh with coals to keep warm,
then put into the broth three or four fpoonfuls of good
Ale-yeaft with the juice of half a Lemmon ; but before
you put in your yeaft beat it in a porringer with fome of
the broth, then break the cruft of bread very fmall and
mingle it well together with the broth, pour it into a deep
difli and garnifh it with the other half of the Lemmon,
and fo ferve them up to the Table in two difhes. -
The Froft fifh is little bigger than a Gudgeon and are
taken in frefh brooks; when the waters are frozen they
make a hole in the Ice about half a yard or yard wide, to
which the fifli repair in great numbers, where with [p. 1 1 3.]
fmall nets bound to a hoop about the bignefs of a firkin-
hoop with a ftaff faftned to it they lade them out of the
hole. I have not done with the fifh yet, being willing to
let

Two Voyages to New-England.

89

let you know all of them that are to be feen and catch'd
in the Sea and frefh waters in New-England, and becaufe
I will not tire your patience overmuch, having no occa
fion to enlarge my difcourfe, I fliall only name them and
fo conclude.

Aleport

feveral kinds

Purple-fifh

Albicore

Sea-Flea

Porgee

Barracha

Grandpiffe

Remora

Barracontha

Hake

Sea-Raven

Blew-fifh

Haddock

Sail-fifh

Bull-head

Horfe-foot

Scallop

Bur-fifh

Hallibut

j), 1 14.] Scale

Cat-fifh

Hen-fifh

Stingray

Cony-fifh

Lampre

Sculpin

Cusk

Limpin

Shadd

Clam

Lumpe

Spurlin

Rock-Cod

Maid

Sheath-fifh

Sea -Cod

Monk-fiffi

Smelt

divers

Sea-mullet

Shrimps

ki7ids of

Nun-fifh

Sprates

Crabs

Perch

Star-fiffi

Sea-Cucumber

Polluck

Sword-fifh

dinner

Periwinck

Thornback

Sea-Darts

Pike

Turbet

or favelins

Pilat-fifh

The Ulatife

Flail-fifh

Plaice

orfaw-fifh

Flounder

Porpiffe

Sea- Urchin

or Flowke

Prawne

Sea- Unichorn

Flying-fifh

The

90 Joffelyn's Account of
The fifli are fwum by, and the Serpents are creeping
on, terrible creatures, carrying flings in their tails. That
will fmart worfe than a Satyrs whip, though it were as
big as Mr. Shepperds the mad Gentleman at Milton-Mow-
brayes Conftantinus Laf cuius.
The chief or Captain of thefe is the Rattle-fnake de
fcribed already in my Journal, in fome places of the Coun
trey there are none as at Plimouth, Nezv-town, Nahant
and fome other places, they will five on one fide of the
River, and but fwimming over and coming into the woods
dye immediately.
The fat of a Rattle-fnake is very Soveraign for frozen
limbs, bruifes, lamenefs by falls. Aches, Sprains. The
heart of a Rattle-fnake dried and pulverized and drunk
with wine or beer is an approved remedy againft the bit
ing and venome of a Rattle-fnake. Some body will give
me thanks for [p. 115.] difcovering thefe fecrets and the
reft; Non omnibus omnia conveniant. " 5
The Snake of which there are infinite numbers of va
rious colours, fome black, others painted with red, yellow
and white, fome again of a grafs-green colour powdered
all over as it were with filver duft or Mufcovie-^ais. But
there is one fort that exceeds all the reft, and that is the
Checkquered fnake, having as many colours within the
checkquers fhaddowing one another, as there are in a
Rainbow. There are two forts of fnakes, the land-fnake
and the water-fnake ; the water-fnake will be as big about
the belly as the Calf of a mans leg ; I never heard of any
mifchief that fnakes did, they kill them fometimes for
their skins and bones to make hatbands off, their skins
likewife worn as a Garter is an excellent remedie againft the

Two Voyages to New-England. 91
the cramp. I have found of the skins that they caft in
woods in fome quantity, they caft not their very skins, but
only the fuperfiuous thin skin that is upon the very skin,
for the very skin is bafted to the flefli, fo Lobfters and
Crabs. The Earth-worm, thefe are very rare and as fmall as a
horfe hair, but there is a Bug that lyes in the earth and
eateth the feed, that is fomewhat like a Maggot of a white
colour with a red head, and is about [p. 116.] the bignefs
of ones finger and an inch or an inch and half long.
There is alfo a dark, dunnifh Worm or Bus: of the bio-nefs
of an Oaten-ftraw, and an inch long, that in the fpring
lye at the Root of Corn and Garden plants all day, and
in the night creep out and devour them ; thefe in fome
years defb-oy abundance of Indian Com and Garden
plants, and they have but one way to be rid of them,
which the Englifh have learnt of the Indians ; And be
caufe it is fomewhat ftrange, I fhall tell you how it is,
they go out into a field or garden with a Birchen-difh,
and fpudling the earth about the roots, for they lye not
deep, they gather their difh full which may contain about
a quart or three pints, then they carrie the difb to the
Sea-fide when it is ebbing-water and fet it a fwimming,
the water carrieth the difh into the Sea and within a day
or two if you go into your field you may look your eyes
out fooner than find any of them.
Sow-bugs or Millipedes there be good ftore, but none
of that fort that are blew and turn round as a pea when
they are touched ; neither are there any Beetles nor Ma
ple-bugs, but a ftinking black and red Bug called a Caca^ 1
rooch or Cockroach, and a little black Bug like a Lady- cow

92 foffelyns Account of
cow that breeds in skins and furrs and will eat them to
their [p. 117.] utter fpoil. Likewife there be infinite
numbers of Tikes hanging upor^ the buflies in fummer
time that will cleave to a mans garments and creep into
his Breeches eating themfelves in a fhort time into the
very flefh of a man. I have feen the ftockins of thofe
that • have gone through the woods covered with them.
Befides thefe there. is a Bug, but whether it be a Native
to the Countrie or a ftranger I cannot fay : Some are of
opinion that they are brought in by the Merchant with
Spanifh goods, they infeft our beds moft, all day they hide,
themfelves, but when night comes they will creep to the
fleeping wretch and bite him worfe than a flea, which
raifeth a fwelling knub that will itch intolerably, if you
fcratch it waxeth bigger and growes to a fcab ; and if you
chance to break one of the Bugs it will ftink odioufly :
they call them Chinches or Woodlice, they are fat red
and in fhape like a Tike and no bigger. There are alfo
Palmer-worms which is a kind of Catterpiller, thefe fome
years will devour the leaves of Trees leaving them as
naked almoft as in winter, they do much harm in the
Englifii Orchards. Of Snails there are but few, and thofe
very httle ones, they lye at the Roots of long grafs in;
moift places, and are no where elfe to be found, [jp. 1 1 8.]
Spiders and Spinners there be many, the laft very big
and of feveral colours. . .. ,
-The Pifmire or Ant muft not be forgotten, accounted
the leaft Creature, and by Salomon commended for its
wifdom, Prov, 30. 24, 25, Quatuor ifia parva funt hu-
milia, tamen funt fapientia, apprime fapientia : formicce
populus ififirmus, quce comparant cefiate cibum fuum, &c:
There

Two Voyages to New-England. 93
There are two forts, red Ants and black Ants, both of
them are 'many times found winged ; not long fince they
were poured upon the Sands out of the clouds in a ftorm
betwixt Black-point and Saco, where the paffenger mio-ht
have walkt up to the Ankles in them.
The Grafliopper is innumerable and bigger by much
than ours in England, having Tinfel-wings, with help
whereof they will flye and skip a great way. Next to
thefe in number are your Crickets, a man can walk no
where in the fummer but he fliall tread upon them ; The
Italian who hath them cryed up and down the ftreets
{Grille che cantelo) and buyeth them to put into his Gar
dens, if he were in New-England would gladly be rid of
them, they make fuch a dinn in an Evening. I could ^
never difcover the Organ of their voice, they have a little
clift in their Crown which opens, and at the fame inftant
they fhake their wings.
[p. 119.] The Eft or Swift in New-England is a moft
beautiful Creature to look upon, being larger than ours,
and painted with glorious colours; but I lik'd him never
the better for it
, Frogs too there are in ponds and upon dry land, they
chirp like Birds in the fpring, and latter end of fummer
croak like Toads. It is admirable to confider the gener
ating of thefe Creatures, firft they lay their gelly on the
water in ponds and ftill waters, which comes in time to be
full of black fpots as broad as the head of a Ten-penny
nail, and round, thefe feparate themfelves from the gleir,
and after a while thruft out a tail, then their head comes
forth, after their head fprings out their fore-legs, and then
their hinder-legs, then their tail drops off, and growes to
have

94 yoffelyns Account of
have a head and four legs too, the firft proves a frog, the
latter a water nuet The Herbalift ufeth to fay by way
of admiration, qucelibet liei'ba deum. &c. So God is feen
in the produftion of thefe fmah Creatures which are a
part of the Creation ; Laudate fehovam ccelites, laudate
eum in excelfis, &c. Laudent nomen yehovcs quce ipfoprce-
cipiente illico creata funt &c. ipfce befiicz & om7ies jumenta,
reptilia & aves alatce, Pfal. 148.
The Toad is of two forts, one that is [p. 120.J fpeckled
with white, and another of a dark earthy colour ; there
is of them that will climb up into Trees and fit croaking
there ; but whether it be of a third fort or one of the
other, or both, I am not able to affirm ; but this I can tef-
tifie that there be Toads of the dark coloured kind that
are as big as a groat loaf Which report will not fwefl
into the belief of my fceptique Sirs ; nor that there is a
Hell, being like Salomon's fool, Prov. 26. 22. Sedfi con~
tunderes fiultum in rnortario cum mola pifiillo, non rece-
deret ab eofiultitia ejus. • -";:
Now before I proceed any further, I muft (to prevent
mifconftrudlions) tell you that thefe following Creatures,
though they be not properly accounted Serpents, yet they
are venomous and peftilent Creatures. As, firft the Rat
but he hath been brought in fince the Englifh came
thither, but the Moufe is a Native, of which there are fev
eral kinds not material to be defcribed ; the Bat or flitter
moufe is bigger abundance than any in England and
fwarm, which brings me to the infe6ls or cut-wafted
Creatures again, as firft the honey-Bee, which are carried
over by the Englifii and thrive there exceedingly, in time
they may be produced from Bullocks when the wild
Beafts

Two Voyages to New-Englafid. nt
Beafts are deftroyed. But the wafp is [p. 121.] common,
and they have a fort of wild humble-Bee that breed in
little holes in the earth. Near upon twenty years fince
there lived an old ^planter at Black-point, who on a Sun-
fhine day about one of the clock lying upon a green
bank not far from his houfe, charged his Son, a lad of 12
years of age to awaken him when he had flept two hours,
the old man falls afleep and lying upon his back gaped
with his mouth wide enough for a Hawke to fhit into it ;
after a little while the lad fitting by fpied a humble-Bee
creeping out of his Fathers mouth, which taking wing
flew quite out of fight, the hour as the lad gheft being
come ^ to awaken his Father he jogg'd him and called
aloud Father, Father, it is two a clock, but all would not
roufe him, at laft he fees the humble-Bee returning, who
lighted upon the fleepers lip and walked down as the lad
conceived into his belly, and prefently he awaked.
The Countrey is ftrangely incommodated with flyes,
which the Englifft call Musketaes, they are like our gnats,
they will fting fo fiercely in fummer as to make the faces
of the Engli/h fwell'd and fcabby, as if the fmall pox for
the firfl year. Likewife there is a fmall black fly no big
ger than a flea, fo numerous up in the Countrey, [p. 122.]
that a man cannot draw his breath, but he will fuck of
them in : they continue about Thirty dayes fay fome,
but I fay three moneths, and are not only a peflerment
but a plague to the Countrey. There is another fort of
fly called a Gurnipper that are like our horfe-flyes, and
will bite defperately, making the bloud to fpurt out in
great quantity; thefe trouble our Englifh Cattle very
much, raifing fwellings as big as an egg in their hides. The

96 foffelyns Account of
The Butterfly is of feveral forts and larger than ours ; So
are their Dragon-flyes. Glow-worms have here wings,
there are multitudes of them infomuch that in the dark
evening when I firfl went into the Countrey I thought
the whole Heavens had been on fire, feeing fo many
fparkles fiying in the air : about Mount-Carmel, and the
valley of Acree in the Holy-land there be abundance of
them. Thefe are taken for Cantharides. Cantharides are
green flyes by day, in the night they pafs about like a fly
ing Glow-worm with fire in their tails.
I have finifhed now my relation of plants, &c. I have
taken fome pains in recolle6ting of them to memory, and
fetting of them down for their benefit from whom I may
expeft thanks; but I believe my [p. 123.] reward will
be according to Ben fohnfons proverbs, Whiflle to a Jade
and he will pay you with a fart. Claw a churl by the britch
and he will fhit in your fifl.
The people that inhabited this Countrey are judged to
be of the Tartars called Samonids that border upon Mof-
covia, and are divided into Tribes ; thofe to the Eafl and
North-eafl are called Churchers and Tarentines, and Mon-
hegans. To the South are the Pequets and Narraganfets.
Weftward Conneflicuts and Mowhacks. To the North
ward Abergi7iians which confift of Mattachufets, Wippa-
naps .and Tarrentines. The Pocanokets live to the "Weft
ward of Plimouth. Not long before the Englifh came into
the Countrey, happened a great mortality amongfl them,
efpecially where the Englifft afterwards planted, the Eaft
and Northern parts were fore fmitten with the Contagion;
firft by the plague, afterwards when the Englifh came by
ru the

Two Voyages to New-England. 97
the fmall pox, the three Kingdoms or Sagamorftiips of
the Mattachufets were very populous, having under them
feven Dukedoms or 'pet'ii-Sagamojftiips, but by the plague
were brought from 30000 to 300. There are not many
now to the Eaftward, the Pequots were deftroyed by the
Efiglifh : the Mowhacks are about five hundred : Their
fpeech a diale6t of the Tartars, [p. 124.] (as alfo is the
Turkifh tongue) There is difference between Tongues
and Languages, the divifion of fpeech at Babel is moft
properly called Languages, the reft Tongues.
As for their perfons they are tall and handfome tim-
ber'd people, out-wrifted, pale and lean Tartarian vifag'd,
black eyed which is accounted the ftrongeft for fight and y
generally black hair'd, both fmooth and curl'd wearing of
it long. No beards, or very rarely, their Teeth are very
white, fliort and even, they account them the moft necef
fary and beft parts of man ; And as the Aufireans are
known by their great lips, the Bavarians by their pokes
under their chins, the fews by their goggle eyes, fo the
Indians by their flat nofes, yet are they not fo much de-
preft as they are to the Southward.
The Indeffes that are young, are fome of them very
comely, having good features, their faces plump and
round, and generally plump of their Bodies, as are the
men hkewife, and as foft and fmooth as a mole-skin, of
reafonable good complexions, but that they dye them
felves tawnie, many prettie Brownetto's and fpider finger'd
Laffes may be feen amongft them. The Vetulds or old
women are lean and uglie, all of them are of a modeft
demeanor, confidering their [p. 125.] Savage breeding;
and indeed do fliame our Englifh ruflicks whofe rudenefs
in many things exceedeth theirs.
13 Of

98 Joffelyn's Accoimt of
Of difpofition very inconftant crafty, timorous, quick
of apprehenfion, and very ingenious, foon angry, and fo
malicious that they feidom forget ah injury, and barbar-
Qufly cruel, witnefs their direful revenges upon one an
other. Prone to injurious violence and flaughter, by rea
fon of their bloud dryed up with overmuch fire, very
lecherous proceeding from choller aduft and melancholy,
a fait and fharp humour ; very fingurative or theevifli, and
bold importunate beggars, both Men and Women guilty
of Mifoxenie or hatred to ftrangers, a quality appropri
ated to the old Brittains, all of them Cannibals, eaters of
humane flefh. And fo were formerly the Heathen-Iri/7i,
who ufed to feed upon the Buttocks of Boyes and Wom
ens Paps ; it feems it is natural to Savage people fo to
do. I have read in Relations of the Indians amongft the
Spaniards that they would not eat a Spaniard till they
had kept him two or three dayes to wax tender, becaufe
their flefh was hard. At Martins vinyard, an Ifland that
lyes South to Plimouth in the way to Virginia, certain
Indians (whilft I was in the Countrey) feifed upon a Boat
that put into [p. 126.] a ^y-Cove, kill'd the men and eat
them up in a fliort time before they were difcovered.
Their houfes which they call Wigwams, are built with
Poles pitcht into the ground of a round form for. moft
part fometimes fquare, they bind down the tops of their
poles, leaving a hole for fmoak to go out at the reft they
cover with the bark of Trees, and line the infide of their
Wigwams with mats made of Rufties painted with feveral
colours, one good poft they fet up in the middle that
reaches to the hole in the top, with a ftaff acrofs before it
at a convenient height they knock in a pin on which they
hang

Two Voyages to New-E7igland. 99
hang their Kettle, beneath that they fet up a broad ftone
. for a back which keepeth the poft from burning ; round
by. the walls they fpread their mats and skins where the
mfen fleep whilft their women drefs their victuals, they
have commonly two doors, one opening to the South,
the other to the North, and according as the wind fits,
they clofe up one door with bark and hang a Dears skin
or the like before the other. Towns they have none, be
ing alwayes removing from one place to another for con-
veniehcy of food, fometimes to thofe places where one fort
of fifh is moft plentiful, other whiles where others are. I
have feen half [p. 127.] a hundred of their Wigwams to-
gether in a piece of ground and they fhew prettily, within
a day or two, or a week they have been all difperfed. They
live for the moft part by the Sea-fide, efpecially in the
fpring and fummer quarters, in winter they are gone up
into the Countrie to hunt Deer and Beaver, the younger
webbs going with them. Tame Cattle they have none,
excepting Lice, and Doggs of a wild breed that they
bring up to hunt with.
Wives they have two or three, according to the ability
of their bodies and ftrength of their concupifcence, who
have the eafieft labours of any women in the world ; they
wiU go out when their time is come alone, carrying a
board with them two foot long, and a foot and half broad,
bor'd fufl of holes on each fide, having a foot beneath like
a Jack that we puh Boots off with, on the top of the board
a. broad ftrap of leather which they put over their fore
head, the board hanging 'at their back; when "they are
come to a Bufli or a Tree that they fancy they lay them
down and are delivered in a trice, not fo much as groaning for

loo yoffely7is Account of-
for it they wrap the child up-in a young Beaver-sVm with
his heels clofe to his britch, leaving a little hole if it be a
Boy for his Cock to peep out at ; and lace him down to
the [p. 128.] board upon his back, his knees refting upon
the foot beneath, then putting the ftrap of leather upon
their fore-head with the infant hanging at their back
home they tmdge ; What other ceremonies they ufe
more than dying of them with a hquor of boiled Hemlock-
Bark, and their throwing of them into the water if they
fufped the Child to be gotten by any other Nation, to fee
if he will fwim, if he fwim they acknowledge him for their
own, their names they give them when they are men
grown, and covet much to be called after our Englifh
manner, Robin, Harry, Phillip and the like, very indul
gent they are to their Children, and their children fome
times to their Parents, but if they live fo long that they
become a burden to them, they will either ftarve them or
bury them alive, as it was fuppofed an Indian did his
Mother at Cafco in 1669.
Their Apparel before the Englifh came amongft them,
was the skins of wild Beafts with the hair on, Buskins of'
Deers-skin or Moofe dreft and drawn with lines into fev
eral works, the lines being coloured with yellow, blew or
red. Pumps too they have, made of tough skins without
foles. In the winter when the fnow will bear them, they
faften to their feet their fnow fhooes which are made like
a large Racket we play at [p. 129.] Tennis with, lacing
themwith Deers-guts and the like, under their belly they
wear a fquare piece of leather and the like upon their
pofteriors, both faftened to a ftring tyed about them to
hide their fecrets ; on their heads they ware nothing : But
fince

Two Voyages to New-England. loi
fince they have had to do with the Englifli they purchafe
of therii a fort of Cloth called trading cloth of which they
make Mantles, Coats with fliort fleeves, and caps for their
heads which the women ufe, but the men continue their
old fafhion going bare-headed, excepting fome old men
amongft them. They are very proud as appeareth by
their fetting themfelves out with white and blew Beads of
their own making, and painting of their faces with the
above mentioned colours, they weave fometimes curious
Coats with Turkic feathers for their Children.
Their Diet is Fifh and Fowl, Bear, Wild-cat, Rattoon
and Deer ; dry'd Oyfters, Lobfters rofted or dryed in the
fmoak, Lampres and dry'd Moofe-tongues, which they
efteem a difh for a Sagamor; hard eggs boiled and made
fmall and dryed to thicken their broth with, fait they have
not the ufe of, nor bread, their Indian Corn and Kidney
beans they boil, and fometimes eat their Corn parcht or
roafted in the ear againft the fire ; they feed likewife upon
earth-nuts, [p. 130.] or ground-nuts, roots of water-Lillies,
Chef-nuts, and divers forts of Berries. They beat tlieir
Corn to powder and put It up into bags, which they make
ufe of when ftormie weather or the like will not fuffer
them to look out for their food. Pompions and water-
Melbns too they have good ftore ; they have prodigious
ftomachs, devouring a cruel deal, meer voragoes, never giv
ing over eating as long as they have it between meals
fpending their time in fleep till the next kettlefull is
boiled, when all is gone they fatisfie themfelves with a
fmall quantity of the meal, making it ferve as the frugal
bit amongft the old Britains, which taken to the mounte-
nance of a Bean would fatisfie both'lhirft and hunger. If
they

I02  ¦__ yoffelyris Account of
they have none of this, as fometimes it falleth out (being
a very carelefs people not providing againft the ftorms of
want and tempeft of neceffity) they make ufe of Sir Fran- '
cis Drake's remedy for hunger, go to fleep.
They live long, even to an hundred years of age, if
they be not cut off by their Children, war, and the plague,
which together with the fmall pox hath taken away abun
dance of them. Pliny reckons up but 300 Difeafes in
and about man, latter writers Six thoufand, 236 belonging
to the eyes. There are not fo many Difeafes raigning
[p. 131.] amongft them as our Europeans. The great
pox is proper to them, by reafon (as fome do deem) that
they are Man-eaters, which difeafe was brought amongft
our Europeans firft by the Spaniards that went with
Chriftopher Columbus who brought it to Naples with their
hidian-vfomen, with whom the Italians and French con-
verfed Anno Dom. 1493. Paracelfus faith it happened in
the year 1478 and 1480. But all agree that it was not
known in Europe before Columbus his voyage to Amer
ica. It hath continued amongft us above two hundred
and three fcore years. There are Difeafes that are proper
to certain climates, as the Leprofie to yEgypt, fwelling of
the Throat or Mentegra to Afia, the fweating ficknefs to
the Inhabitants of the North ; to the Portugals the
Phthifick, to Savoy the mumps ; So to the Wefi-Indies the
Pox, but this doth not exclude other Difeafes. In New-
EnglaTtd the Indians are affiidled with peftilent Feavers,
Plague, Black-pox, Confumption of the Lungs, Falling-
ficknefs. Kings-evil, and a Difeafe called by the Spaniard
the Plague in the back, with us Empyema, their Phyfi-
clans are the Powaws or Indian Priefts who cure fome times

Two Voyages to New-England. 103
times by charms and medicine, but In a general infedion
they feidom come amongft them, [p. 132.] therefore they
ufe their own remedies, which is fweating, &c. Their
manner is when they have plague or fmall pox amono-fl
them to cover their Wigwams with Bark fo clofe that no
Air can enter in, fining them (as I faid before) within, and
making a great fire they remain there in a flewing heat
till they are in a top fweat and then run out into the Sea
or River, and prefently after they are come into their
Hutts again they either recover or give up the Ghoft ;
they dye patiently both men and women, not knowing of
a Hell to fcare them, nor a Confcience to terrific them.
In times of general Mortality they omit the Ceremonies
of burying, expofing their dead Carkafes to the Beafts of
prey. But at other times they dig a Pit and fet the dif-
eafed therein upon his breech upright, and throwing in
the earth, cover it with the fods and bind them_ down wl th
fticks, driving in two ftakes at each end ; /their mournings
are fomewhat like the bowlings of the Irifh, feidom at the
grave but in the Wigwam where the party dyed, blaming
the Devil for his hard heartednefs, and concluding with.
rude prayers to him to afflI6l them no further.
^ ¦ They acknowledge a God who they call Squantam, but
worfhip him they do not, [p. 133.] becaufe (they fay) he
will do them no harm. But Abbamocho or Cheepie many
times fmites them with incurable Difeafes, fcares them
with his Apparitions and pannick Terrours, by reafon
whereof they live in a wretched confternatlon worfhip;
ping the Devil for^fearJ~l3ne black Robin an Indian fit
ting down in the Corn field belonging to the houfe where
I refided, ran out of his Wigwam frighted with the appa-
'-• . ¦ rition

I04 Joffelyn's Account of
rition of two infernal fpirits In the fhape of Mohawkes.
Another time two hidians and an Indefs, came running
into our houfe crying out they fhguld all dye, Cheepie was •
gone over the field gliding in the Air with a long rope
hanging from one of his legs : we askt them what he was
like, they faid all wone Engliffiman, clothed with hat and
coat, fhooes and ftocklngs, &c. They have a remarkable
obfervation of a flame that appears before the death of an
hidian- or Englifii upon their Wigwams in the dead of the
night : The firft time that I did fee it I was call'd out by
fome of them about twelve of the clock, it being a very
dark night I perceived it plainly mounting into the Air
over our Church, which was built upon a plain little more
than half a quarter of a mile from our dwelling houfe, on
the Northfide of the Church : look on [p. 1 34.] what fide
of a houfe it appears, from that Coaft refpe(5lively you
fliall hear of a Coarfe within two or three days.
They worfhip the Devil (as I faid) their Priefts are called
Powaws and are little better than Witches, for they have
familiar conference with him, who makes them invulner
able, that is fliot-free and ftlck-free. Craftle Rogues, abuf-
ing the reft at their pleafure, having power over them by
reafon of their Diabolical Art in curing of Difeafes, which
is performed with rude Ceremonies ; they place the fick
upon the ground fitting, and dance in an Antick manner
round about him, beating their naked breafts with a ftrong
hand, and making hideous faces, fometimes calling upon
the Devil for his help, mingling their prayers with horrid
and barbarous charms ; if the fick recover they fend rich
gifts, their Bowes and Arrowes, Wompompers, Mohacks,
Beaver skins, or other rich Furs to the Eaftward, where
: there

Two Voyages to New-England. 105
- there is a vaft Rock not far from the fliore, having a hole
. in it of an unfearchable profundity, into which they throw
them. Their -Theologle is not much, but queftionlefs they
acknowledge a God and a Devil, and fome fmall light
they have of the Souls immortality ; for ask them [p.
135.] whither they go when they dye, they will tell you
pointing with their finger to Heaven beyond the white
mountains, and do hint at Noalis Floud, as may be con
ceived by a ftory they have received from Father to Son,
time out of mind, that a great while agon their Countrey
was drowned, and all the People and other Creatures in
it only one Powaw and his Webb forefeeing the Floud,
fled to the white mountains carrying a hare along with
them and fo efcaped ; after a while the Powaw fent the
Hare away, who not returning emboldned thereby they
defcended, and lived many years after, and had many
Children, from whom the Countrie was filled again with '
Indians. Some of them tell another ftory of the Beaver,
faying that he was their Father..
Their learning is very little or none. Poets they are as
may be ghefled by their formal fpeeches, fometimes an
hour long, the laft word of a line riming with the laft
word of the following line, and the whole doth Conftare
ex pedibus. Mufical too they be, having many pretty odd
barbarous tunes which they make ufe of vocally at mar
riages and feaftings ; but Inftruments they had none be
fore the Englifh .came amongft them, fince they have
imitated them and will make out Kitts and ftring them
as neatly, [p. 1 36.] and as Artificially as the " beft Fiddle-
maker amongfl us • and will play our plain leffons very
;f> 14 exa<5tly:

io6 Joffelyris Accoimt of
exadlly: the only FIdler that was in the Province oi Meyn,
when I was there, was an hidian called Scozway, -whom
the Fifhermen and planters when they had a mind to be
merry made ufe of
Arithmetick they skill not reckoning to ten upon their
fingers, and if more doubling of it by holding their fin
gers up, their age they reckon by Moons, and their ac
tions by fleeps, as, if they go a journie, or are to do any
other bufinefk they wIU fay, three fleeps me walk, or two
or three fleeps me do fuch a thing, that is In two or three
days. Aflronomie too they have no knowledge of, feidom
or never taking obfervation of the Stars, Eclipfes, or Com
ets that I could perceive ; but they will PrognofHcate
fhrewdly what weather will fall out. They are generally
excellent Zenagogues or guides through their Countrie.
Their exercifes are hunting and fifhing, in both they
will take abundance of pains. When the fnow will bear
them, the young and luftie hidians, (leaving their pa-
poufes and old people at home) go forth to hunt Moofe,
Deere, Bear and Beaver, Thirty or forty miles up into the
Couiitrey ; when they light upon a Moofe they run- him
down, [p. 137.] which is fometimes in half a day, fome
times a whole day, but never give him over till they have
tyred him, the fnow being ufually four foot deep, and the
Beaft very heavie he finks every ftep, and as he runs fome
times bears down Arms of Trees that hang in his way,
with his horns, as big as a mans thigh ; other whiles, if
any of their dogs (which are but fmall) come near, yerk-
ing out his heels (for he ftrikes like a horfe) if a fmall
Tree be In the way he breaks it quite afunder with one
ftroak, at laft they get up to him on each fide and'tranf- pierce

Two Voyages to New-England. iqj
-pierce him with their Lances, which formerly were no
other but a ftaff of a yard and half pointed with a FIQies
bone made fharp at the end, but fince they put on pieces
of fword-blades which they purchafe of the French, and
having a ftrap of leather faftned to the but end of the
ftaff" which they bring down to the midft of it, they dart
it into his fides, hceret' latere lethalis arundo, the poor
Creature groans, and walks on heavily, for a fpace, then
finks and falls down like a ruined building, making the
Earth to quake ; then prefently In come the Vidors, who,
having cut the throat of the flain take off his skin, their
young webbs by this time are walking towards them with
heavie bags and kettles at their [p. 138.] backs, who lay
ing down their burdens faU to work upon the Carkafs,
take out the heart, and from that the bone, cut off the left
foot behind, draw, out the finews, and cut out his tongue
&c. and as much of the Venifon as will ferve to fatiate
the hungry mawes of the Company : mean while the men
pitch upon a place near fome fpring, and with their fnow
flioos fhovel the fnow away to the bare Earth in a circle,
making round about a wall of fnow ; in the midft they
make their Vulcan or fire near to a great Tree, upon the
fnags whereof they hang their kettles fil'd with the Ven
ifon ; whilft that boils, the men after they have refrefht
themfelves with a pipe of Tobacco difpofe themfelves to
fleep. The women tend the Cookerie, fome of them fcrape
the flime and fat from the skin, cleanfe the finews, and
ftretch them and the like, when the venifon is boiled the
men awake, and opening of their bags take out as much "^
Indian meal as will ferve their turns for the prefent; they
eat their broth with fpoons, and their flefli they di-vide into
~- gobbets,

io8 Joffelyris Account of
gobbets, eating now and then with it as much meal as
they can hold betwixt three fingers ; their drink they fetch
from the fpring, and were not acquainted with other, un
till the French and Englifft traded with that curfed liquor
[p. 1 39.] called Rum, Rum-bullion, or kill-Devil, which is
ftronger than fpirit of Wine, and Is drawn from the drofs
of Sugar and Sugar Canes, this they love dearly, and will
part with all they have to their bare skins for it, being per
petually drunk with it as long as it is to be had, it hath
killed many of them, efpecially old women who have dyed
when dead drunk. Thus inftead of bringing of them to
the knowledge of Chriftianitle, we have taught them to
commit the beaftly and crying fins of our Nation, for a
little profit When the Indians have ftuft their paunches,
if it be fair weather and about midday they venture forth
again, but if it be foul and far fpent they betake them
felves to their field-bed at the fign of the Star, expedling
the opening of the Eaftern window, which if it promife
ferenity, they trufs up their fardles, and away for another
Moofe, this courfe they continue for fix weeks or two
moneths, making their Webbs their Mules to carry their
luggage, they do not trouble themfelves with the homs of
Moofe or other Deer, unlefs it be near an Englifft planta
tion ; becaufe they are weighty and cumberfome. If the
Englifti could procure them to bring them in, they would
be worth the pains and charge, being fold in England
after the rate of forty or fifty [p. 140.] pounds a Tun;
the red heads oiDeer are the faireft and fulleft of marrow,
and lighteft; the black heads are heavie and have lefs
marrow ; the white are the worft, and the worft nouriflied.
When the Indians are gone, there gathers to the Carkafs
" :^" of

Two Voyages to New-England. 109
of the Moofe thoufands of Mattrifes, of which there are
but few or none near the Sea-coafts to be feen, thefe de
vour the remainder in a quarter of the time that they
were hunting of It.
Their fifhing followes in the fpring, fummer and fall of
the leaf Firft for Lobfier s, Clams, Flouke, Lumps or Po-
dles, and Alewives ; afterwards for Bafis, Cod, Rock, Blew-
fiffi, Salmon, and Lampres, &c.
The Lobfters they take in large Bayes when it is low
water, the wind ftill, going out in their Birchen-Canows
with a ftaff two or three yards long, made fmall and fliar-
pen'd at one end, and nick'd with deep nicks to take
hold. When they fpye the Lobfier crawling upon the
Sand in two fathom water, more or lefs, they ftick him
towards the head and bring him up. I have known thirty
Lobfters taken by an Indian lad in an hour and a half, '
thus they take Flouke and Lumps ; Clams they dig out of
the Clam-banks upon the flats and In creeks when it is low
water, where they are bedded [p. 141.J fometimes a yard
deep one upon another, the beds a quarter of a mile in
length, and lefs, the Alewives they take with Nets like a
purfenet put upon a round hoop'd ftick with a handle in
frefli ponds where they come to fpawn. The Bafis and
Blew-fiftt they take in harbours, and at the mouth of
barr'd Rivers being in their Canows, ftriking them with a
fifgig, a kind of dart or ftaff", to the lower end whereof
they faften a fharp jagged bone (fince they make them of
Iron) with a ftring faftened to it as foon as the fifli is ftruck
they pull away the ftaff, leaving the bony head in the
fifhes body and faften the other end of the ftring to the
Canow : Thus they will hale after them to fliore half a
dozen

no . yoffelyns Account of
dozen or half a fcore great fiflies : this way they take
Sturgeon ; 'and in dark evenings when they are upon the
fifliing ground near a Bar of Sand (where the Sturgeon
feeds upon fmaU fiflies (like Eals) that are called Lances
fucking them out of the Sands where they lye hid, with
their hollow Trunks, for other mouth they have none) the
Indian lights a piece of dry Birch-Bark which breaks out
into" a flame & holds it over the fide of his Ca7iow, the
Sturgeon feeing this glaring light mounts to the Surface
of the water where he is flain and taken with a fifgig.
Salmons and Lampres [p. 142.] are catch'd at the falls of
_Rivers. All the Rivers of note in the Countrey have two
or three defperate fafls diftant one from another for fome
miles, for it being rifing ground from the Sea and moun
tainous within la.nd, the Rivers having their Originals
from great lakes, and haftning to the Sea, in their paffage
meeting with Rocks that are not fo eafily worn away, as
the loofe earthie mould beneath the Rock, makes a fall of
the water in fome Rivers as high as a houfe ; you would
think it ftrange to fee, yea admire if you faw the bold
Barbarians in their light Canows rufh down the fwift and
headlong ftream with defperate fpeed, but with excellent
dexterity, guiding his Canow that feidom or never it fhoots
under water, or overturns, if it do they can fwim natu
raUy, ftriking their pawes under their throat like a dog,
and not spreading their Arms as we do ; they turn their
Canow again and go into it in the water. ' ' : ,
Their Merchandize are their beads, which are their
money, of thefe there are two forts, blew Beads and white
Beads, the firft is their Gold, the lafl their Silver, thefe
they work out of certain fliells fo cunningly that neither Jew

Two Voyages to New-England. m
few nor Devil can counterfeit they dril them and firing
them, an'd make many curious works with them to [p.
143.] adorn the perfons of their Sagamours and principal
men and young women, as Belts, Girdles, Tablets, Bor
ders for their womens hair. Bracelets, Necklaces, and links
to hang in their ears. Prince Phillip a little before I
came for England coming to Bofton had a Coat on and
Buskins fet thick with thefe Beads in pleafant wild works
and a broad Belt of the fame, his Accoutrements were
valued at Twenty pounds. The Englifft Merchant giveth
them ten fliillings a fathom for their white, and as much
more or near upon for their blew Beads. Delicate fweet
diflies too they make oi Birch-Bark fowed with threads
drawn from Sprufe or white Cedar-Roots, and gamifhed
on the out-fide with flourifht works, and on the brims
with gliflering quills taken from the Porcupine, and dyed,
fome black, others red, the white are natural, thefe they
make of all fizes from a dram cup to a difh containing a
pottle, likewife Buckets to carry water or the like, large
Boxes too of the fame materials, difhes, fpoons and trayes
wrought very fmooth and neatly out of the knots of wood,
baskets, bags, and matts woven vidth Sparke, bark of the
Line-Tree and Rufhes of feveral kinds, dyed as before,
fome black, blew, red, yellow, bags of Porcupine quills
woven and dyed alfo; Coats woven of [p. 144.] Turkie-
feathers for their Children, Tobacco pipes of flone with
Imagerie upon them. Kettles oi Birchen-bark which they
ufed before they traded with the French for Copper Ket
tles, by all which you may apparently fee that neceffity
was at firfl the mother of all inventions. The women are
the workers of mofl of thefe, and are now, here and there one

112 yoffelyris A±ccount of
one excellent needle woman, and will milk a Cow neatly,
their richefl trade are Furs of divers forts. Black Fox,
Beaver, Otter, Bear, Sables, Mattrices, Fox, Wild-Cat, Rat
toons, Martins, Mufquafft, Moofe-^kins.
Ships they have none, but do prettily imitate ours in
their Birchen-pinnaces, their Canows are made of Birch,
they fhape them with flat RIbbs of white Cedar, and cover
them' with large flieets of Birch-bark, fowing them through
with flrong threds of Sprufe-Roots or white Cedar, and
pitch them with a mixture of Turpentine and the hard
rofen that is dryed with the Air on the out-fide of the
Bark of Firr-Trees. Thefe will carry half a dozen or
three or four men and a confiderable fraight, in thefe they
fwim to Sea twenty, nay forty miles, keeping from the
fliore a league or two, fometimes to fhorten their voyage
when they are to double a Cape they will put to fhore,
and [p. 145.] two of therii taking up the Canow carry it
crofs the Cape or neck of land to the other fide, and to
Sea again ; they will indure an incredible great Sea,
mounting upon the working billowes like a piece of
Corke ; but they require skilful hands to guide them in
rough weather, none but the htdians fcarce dare to under
take it fuch like Veffels the Ancient Brittains ufed, ^s
Lucan relates.
Primum canafalix, madefallo vimine, parvam
Texitur in puppim, ccefoque induta juvenco,
VeBoris patiens tumidum fuper emicat amnem.
Sic Ve7ietusftagnantePado,fufoqueBritanus
'Navigat oceano 
. ._; When

Two Voyages to New-England. 113
When Sicoris to his own banks reftor'd
Had left the field, of twigs, and willow booi'd
They fnadefnall Boats, cover d with Bullocks hide,
hi which they reacht the Rivers further fide.
So fail the Ve7teti if Vadus flow.
The Brittains fail on their cabn ocean fo :
So the yE gyp tians fail with woven Boats
Of paper rufiies in their WAus floats.
[p. 146.] Their Government Is monarchical, the Patru-
eius or they that defcend from the eldefl proceeding from
his loyns, is the Roytelet of the Tribe, and if he have
Daughters, his Son dying without a Son, the Government
defcends to his Daughters Son : after the fame manner,
their lands defcend. Cheetadaback was the chief Sachem
or Roytelet of the Maffachufets, when the Englifh firft fet
down there. Maffafoit, the great Sachem of the Plimouth
Indians, his dwelling was at a place called Sowans, about
four miles diftant from New-P limouth. Safafacus was the
chief Sachem of the Pequots, and Mientoniack of the Nar
raganfets. The chief Roytelet amongft the Mohawks now
living, is a Dutchmans Baftard, and the Roytelet now of
the Pocanakets, that Is the P limouth-Indians, is Prince
Philip alias Metacon, the Grandfon of Maffafoit. Amongft
the Eaftern Indians, Summerfant formerly was a famous
Sachem. The now living Sachems of note are Sabacca-
man, Terrumkin and Robinhood.
Their Wars are with Neighbouring Tribes, but the
Mowhawks are enemies to all the other Indians, their
weapons of Defence and Offence are Bovv^es and Arrowes,
of late he is a poor Indian that is not [p. 147.] -mafter of
I two

114' foffelyns Account of
two Guns, which they purchafe .of the French, and pow
der and fhot,' they are generally excellent marks men ;
their other weapons are Tamahqwks which are ftaves Uvo
foot and a half long with a knob at the end as round as
a bowl, and as big as that we call the Jack or Miftrifs.
Lances too they have made (as I have faid before) with
broken fword blades, likewife they have Hatchets and
knives ; but thefe are weapons of a latter date. They
colour their faces red all over, fiippofing that it makes
them the- more terrible, they are lufty Souldlers . to fee to
and very ftrong, meer Hercules Rufticufes, their fights are
by Ambufliments and Surprifes, coming upon one an
other unawares. .They will march a hundred miles
through thick woods and fwamps to the Mowhawks
Countrey, and the Mowhawks into their Countrey, meet
ing fometimes in the woods, or when they come into an
Efiemies Countrey build a rude fort with Pallizadoes, hav
ing loop-holes out of which they flioot their Arrowes, and
fire their Guns, pelting at one another a week or moneth
together ; If any of them ftep out of the Fort they are in
danger to be taken prifoners by the one fide or the other;
that fide that gets the victory excoriats the hair-fcalp of the
principal flain Enemies which [p. 148.] they bear away in
Triumph, their prifoners they bring home, the old men
and women they knock in the head, the young women
they keep, and the men of war they torture to death as
the. Eaftern hidians did two Mowhawks whilft I was there,
they bind him to a Tree and make a great fire before
him, then with fliarp knives "they cut off the firft joynts
of his fingers and toes, then clap upon them hot Embers
to fear the vains ; fo they cut him a pieces joynt after
joynt

Two- Voyages to New-England. 115
joynt, fiill applying hot Embers to the place to ftanch the
• bloud, 'making the poor wretch to fing all the while .-
when Arms and Legs are gone, they flay off the skin of
their Heads, and prefently put on a Cap of burnliio- Em
bers, then they open his breaft and take out his heart,
which while it is yet living in a manner they give to their
old Squaes, who are every one to have a bite at It Thefe
Barbarous Cuftoms were ufed amongft them more fre
quently before the Englifft came ; but fince by the great
mercy of the Almighty they are In a way to be Civilized
and converted to Chriftianitj-; there being three Churches
of Indians gathered together by the pains of Mr. fohn
Eliot and his Son, who Preaches to them in their Native
language, and hath rendered the Bible in that Lansuao-e
for the benefit of [p. 149.] the Indians. Thefe go clothed
like the Englifft, live in framed houfes, have ftocks of
Corn and Cattle about them, which when they are fat
they bring to the Englifft Markets, the Hogs that they
rear are counted the beft in New-Engla?id. Some of their
Sons have been brought up Scholars in Harvard Col-
ledge, and I was told that there was but two Fellowes in
that Colledge, and one of them was an hidian ; fome few
of thefe Chrlftlan Indians have of late Apoftatlzed and
fallen back to their old Superftltlon and courfe of life.
Thus much fliall fuffice concerning N'ew-England, as it
was when the hidia7is folely poffeft it I will now pro
ceed to give you an accompt of it as it is under the man
agement of the Englifft ; but methinks I hear my fceptick
Readers muttering out of their fcuttle mouths, what v/ill
accrew to us by this rambling Logodiarce ? you do but
bring ftraw Into Egypt, a Countrey abounding with Corn. Thus

ir6 yoffelyns Account of
Thus by thefe Famacides who are fo minutely curious, I
am dejedled from my hope, whilft they challenge the free
dom of David's Ruffins, Our Tongues are our owri, who-
fhall controll us. I have done what I can to pleafe you,
I have piped and you will not dance. I have told you as
ftrange things as ever you or your Fathers [p. 1 50.] have
heard. The Italian faith Chi vide un miraculo facilmente
ne crede un altro, he that hath feen one miracle will eafihe
believe another, miranda canunt fed non credenda poetce.
Oh I .fee the pad, you never heard nor faw the like, there
fore you do not believe me ; well Sirs I fliall not ftrain
your belief any further, the following Relation I hope wiU
be more tolerable, yet I could (it is poffible) infert as won
derful things as any my pen hath yet gone over, and may,
but it muft be upon condition you will not put me to the
proof of it. Nemo tenetur ad impoffibilia, no man is
obliged to do more than is in his power, is a rule in law.
To be fhort ; If you cannot with the Bee gather the honey,
with the Spider fuck out the poyfon, as Sir fohn Davis
hath it ¦ -
The Bee and Spider by a divers pozver
Suck honey and poyfon from the felf-fame flower.
I am confident you will get but little poyfon here, no
'tis the poyfon oi Afps under your tongue that fwells you:
truly, I do take you rather to be Spider catchers than Spi
ders, fuch as will not laudably imploy themfelves, nor fuf
fer others ; you may well fay 7ion amo hominem, fed non
poffum [p. 151.] dicere quare, unlefs it be becaufe I am
a Veroneffa, no Romancer. To conclude ; if with your
mother

Two- Voyages to New-England. 117
mother wit, you can mend the matter, take pen in hand
and fall to work, do your Countrey fome fervice as I have
done according to my Talent Henceforth you are to
expe6t no more Relations from me. I am now return'd
into my Native Countrey, and by- the providence of the
Almighty, and the bounty of my Royal Soveraignefs am
difpofed to a holy quiet of ftudy and meditation for the
good of my foul ; and being bleffed with a tranfmentita-
tion or change of mind, and weaned from the world, may
take up for my word, non eft 7nortale quod opto. If what
I have done is thought uprears for the approvement of
thofe to whom it is Intended, I fliall be more than meanly
contented. ~J
New-Engla7id was firft difcovered by fohn Cabota and
his Son Sebaftian in Anno Dom. 15 14. A further difcov
ery afterwards was made by the honourable Sir Walter
Rawleigh Knight in Anno 1584. when as Virginia was
difcovered, which together with Mary-land, New-England,
Nova Scotia was known by one common name to the In
dians, Wingaftdicoa, and by Sir Walter Rawleigh In hon
our of our Virgin Queen, in whofe name he took poffef-
fion of it Virginia. In [p. 152.J King fames his Reign
it was divided into Provinces as is before named. In
1602. thefe north parts were further difcovered by Capt
Bartholomew Gofnold. The firft Englifti that planted
there, fet down not far from the Narraganfets-Bay, and
called their Colony Plimouth, imce old Plimouth, An.
Dom. 1602. Sir fohn Popham Lord chief Juftlce author
ized by his Majefly, King fames, fent a Colony of Englifft
to Sagadehock, An. 1606. Newfou7id-land was difcovered
by one Andrew Thorn an Englifli man in Anno 1527. Sir

ii8 foffelyns Account of
Sir Humphrey Gilbci-t aweft Countrey Knight took pof-
feffion of it in .the Queens name,' Armo 1582. The two
firft Colonies In New-Engla7id failing, there was a frefli
fupply oi' Englifft who fet dowrt in other parts of the
Countrey, and have continued in a flourifhing condition
to this day.
The whole Countrey now is divided into Colonies, and
for your better underftanding obferve, a Colony is a fort
of people that come to Inhabit a place before not inhab
ited, or. Colonus quafi, becaufe they fhould be Tillers of
the Earth. From hence by an ufual figure the Countrey
where they fit down, is called a Colony or Plantation.
The firft of thefe that I fliall relate of, though lafl- in
poffeffion of the Englifh, is now our moft Southerly Col
ony, and next [p. 153.] adjoyning to Mary-land, fcil. the '
Manadaes or Manaha7ient lying upon the great River
Mohegan, which was firft difcovered by Mr. Hudfon, and
fold prefently by him to the Dutch without Authority
from his Soveraign the King oi England, An7io 160S.
The Dutch in 1614 began to plant there, and call'd it
New-Netherlands, but Sir Samuel Argal Govemour of
Virginia routed them, the Dutch after this got leave of
King fames to put in there for frefli water in their paf
fage to Brafile, and did not offer to plant until a good
while after the Englifh were fettled in the Countrey. In ¦
Anno 1664 his Majeftie Charles the Second fent over four.
worthie Gentlemen Commiffioners to reduce the Colonies
into their bounds, who had before incroached upon one
another, who marching with Three hundred red-Coats to
Manadaes or Manhataes took from the Dutch their chief
town then called New-Amfterdam, now New York ; the
Twenty

Two Voyages to New-England. ij,q
Twenty ninth of Augufi turn'd out their Governour with
a filver leg, and all but thofe that were willing to acknowl
edge fubjection to the King of Eiigland, fufferino- them
to enjoy their houfes and eftates as before. Thirteen days
after Sir Robert Carr took the Fort and Town oi Aura-
nia now called Albany; and Twelve days after that, the
Fort and Town [p. 154.] of Awfapha, then De-la-ware
Caftle, man'd with Dutch and Sweeds. So now the Eng
lifft are mafters of three handfome Towns, three ftrono-
Forts and a Caftle, not lofing one. man. The firft Gov
ernour of thefe parts for the King of England was
Colonel Nicols, a- noble Gentleman, and one of his Maj
efties Commiffioners, who coming for England in An7to
Dom. 1668 as I take it furrendered the Government to
Colonel Lovelace.
The Countrey here Is bleff'd with the richeft foil in all
New-E7tgland, I have heard It reported from men of
Judgement and Integrity, that one Bufliel of Europea7i-
Wheat hath yielded a hundred in one year. Their other
Commodities are Furs, and the, like.
New-York is fituated at the mouth of the great River
Mohegan, and Is built with Dutch Brick alla-7noderna,
the meaneft houfe therein being valued at One hundred
pounds, to the Landward it Is compaffed with a Wall of
good thicknefs ; at the entrance of the River is an Ifland
well fortified, and hath command of any Ship that fliall
attempt to pafs without their leave.
. Albany is fituated upon the fame River on the Weft-
fide, and is due '^orUn irom New-York fomewhat above
Fifty miles.
., [p. 155.] Along the Sea-fide Eaftward are many ^5"^^-
lifli-

I20 foffelyns Account of
liftt-Towns, as firft Weftchefter, a Sea-Town about Twent}!-
miles irom-NewrYork; to the Eaftv/ard of this is Green
wich, another Sea-Town much about the fame diftance ;
then Chichefter, Fairfield, Stratford, Milford, all Sea-
Towns twenty and thirty mile diftant from one another,
twenty miles Eaftward of Milford is Newhave7t the Me-
tropohs pf the Colony begun in 1637. One 'M.r. Eato7t
being there Governour : it is near to the flioals of Cape
Cod, and is one of the four united Colonies.
The next Sea-Town Eaftward of Newhaven is called
Guilford about ten mile, and I think belonging to that
Colony. From Guilford to ConneHicut-'^i\er, is near upon
twenty miles, the frefh River ConneSlicut bears the name
of another Colony begun In the year 1636 and is alfo one
of the four united Colonies. Upon this River are fitu
ated 13 Towns, within two, three & four miles off" one
another. At the mouth of the River, on the Weft-fide is
the Lord-Say, and Brooks fort, called Saybrook-fort. Be
yond this Northward is the Town of Windfor, then North
ampton, then Pinfers-houfe. On the Eaftfide of the River,
Hartford, about it low land well ftored with meadow and
very fertile. Wethersfield is [p. 156.] alfo fituated upon
Connecticut River and Springfield; but this Town al
though here feated is in the jurifdidlion of the Mattachu-
fits, and hath been Infamous by reafon of Witches therein.
Hadley lyes to the Northward of Springfield. New-Lon
don which I take to be in the jurifdI6lion of this Coloney
is fituated to the Eaftward of Connecticut River by a fmall
River, and is not far from the Sea. From ConneClicut-
River long-Ifiand ftretcheth it felf to Mohegan one hundred

Two Voyages to New-England. 121
dred and twenty miles, but it is but narrow and about fix-
teen miles from the main ; the confiderableft Town upon
it is Southampton built on the Southfide of the Ifland
towards the Eaftern end ; oppofite to this on the North-
ernfide is Feverfitam, Weftward is Afitford, Huntingdon,
&c. The Ifland is well ftored with Sheep and other Cat
tle, and Corn, and is reafonable populous. Between this
Ifland and the mouth of Con7ieSlicut-K\ver lyeth three
.fmall Iflands, Shelter-Iftand, Fifhers-Ifia7td, and the Ifle of
Wight. Over againft New-London full South lyeth Block
Ifiand. The next place of note on the Main is Narraganfets-
Bay, within which Bay is Rhode Ifia7id a Harbour for the
Shunamitifh Brethren, as the Saints Errant the Quakers
who are rather to be efteemed Vagabonds, than. Religious
perfons, &c.
[p. 157,] At the further end of the Bay by the mouth
of Narraganfets-Kxwer, on the South-fide thereof was old
plimouth plantation Anno 1602. Twenty mile out to Sea,
South of Rhode-Ifland, lyeth Martins vineyard in the way
to Virginia, this Ifland is governed by a difcreet Gentle
man Mr. Mayhew by name. To the Eaftward of Martinis
vinyard lyeth Nantocket-Ifland, and further Eaftward Eliz-
abeths-Ifiand, thefe Iflands are twenty or thirty mile afun
der, and now we are come to Cape-Cod.
Cape-Cod was fo called at the firfl by Captain Gofnold
and his Company Anno Dom. 1602, becaufe they took
much of that fifh there ; and afterward was called Cape-
fames by Captain Smith : the point of the Cape is called
Point-Cave and Tuckers Terror, and by the French and
Dutch Mallacar, by reafon of the perillous flioals. The
16 firil

122 yoffelyris Accoimt of
firfl place to be taken notice of on the South-fide of the
Cape is.Wefis-Warhour, the firft'Sea-Town Sa7idzvich for-
merly called Duxbury in the Jurifdi6tion of New-Plim-
outh. Doubling the Cape we come into the great Bay,
on the Weft whereof is New-P limouth-B ay, on the South-
weft-end of this Bay is fituated Nezv Plimouth, the firfl
Englifit-Qolony that took firm poffeffion In this Countrey,
which was in 1620, and the firft Town built [p, 158.]
therein, whofe longitude Is 315 degrees, in latitude 41 de
grees and 37 minutes, it was built nine years before any
other Town, from the beginning of it to 1669 is juft forty
years, in which time there hath been an increafing of forty
Churches in this Colony (but many more in the reft,)
and Towns in all New-E7igland one hundred and twenty,
for the moft part along the Sea-Coafts, (as being whol-
fomeft) for fomewhat more than two hundred miles:
onely on ConneClicut-Kiwer (as I have faid) is thirteen
Towns not far off one another.
The other Towns of note in this Colony are Green-
Harbour to the Eaftward of Plimouth towards the point
of the Cape, & therefore fomewhat unacceffible by land,
here is excellent Timber for fhipping ; then Marfttfield,
Yarmouth, Rehoboth, Bridgwater, Warwick, Taunton,
Eafiham, by the Indians called Namfiet.
The firft Town Northeaft from Green-harbor is Sittuate
in the jurifdldion of the Mattachufets-Colony, more
Northward of Sittuate is Conchuffet and Hull a httle
Burg lying open to the Sea, from thence we came to
Merton-point over againft which is Pullin-point. Upon
Merton-point (which is on the Larboard-fide) is a Town
called Nantafcot, which is two Leagues from Bofton,
- " - where

Two Voyages to New-England. 123
where [p. 159.] Ships commonly caft Anchor. Pullifi-
point is fo called, becaufe the Boats are by the feafing or
Roads haled againft the Tide which is very ftrong, it is
the ufual Channel for Boats to pafs into Mattachufets-
Bay. There is an Ifland on the South-fide of the paffage
containing eight Acres of ground. Upon a rifing hill
within this Ifland is mounted a Caftle commanding the
entrance, no ftately Edifice, nor ftrong ; built with Brick
and Stone, kept by a Captain, under whom is a mafter-
Gunnerand others.
The Bay is large, made by many Iflands, the chief
Deere-Iiland, which is within a flight fhot of Pullin-point,
great ftore of Deere were wont to fwim thither from the
Main ; then .^z^Z-Ifland, Glafs-Vdand, Slate-\i\.and, the
Govemours Garden, where the firft Apple-Trees in the
Countrey were planted, and a vinyard ; then Round-Iil-
and, and Noddles-liland not far from Charles-Town : moft
of thefe Iflands lye on the North-fide of the Bay.
The next Town to Nantafcot on the South-fide of the
Bay is Wiffagufet a fmaU Village, about three miles from
Mount-wollefton, about this Town the foil is very fertile.
Within fight of this is Mount-wollefton or Merry-mount,
called Maffachufets-'nelds, [p. 160.] where Chicatabat the
greateft Sagamore of the Countrey lived before the
plague ; here the Town of Braintree is feated, no Boat
nor Ship can come near to it here is an Iron mill; to the
Weft of this Town is Naponfet River.
Six miles beyond Braintree lyeth Dorchefter, a frontire
Town pleafantly feated, and of large extent into the main
land, well watered A^ith two fmall Rivers, her body and
wings

^24 yoffelyris Account of
wings filled fomewhat thick with houfes to the number of
two hundred and more, beautified with fair Orchards and
Gardens, having alfo plenty of Corn-land, and ftore of
Cattle, counted the greateft Town heretofore in New-
England, but now gives way to Bofion, it hath a Harbour
to the North for Ships.
A mile from Dorchefter is the Town of Roxbury, a fair
and handfome Countrey Town, the ftreets large, the In
habitants rich, repleniflied with Orchards and Gardens,
well watered with fprings and fmall frefhets, a brook runs
through it called Smelt-'?^iMer, a quarter of a mile to the
North-fide of the Town runs ftony River : it is feated in
the bottom of a fliallow Bay, but hath no harbour for
fhipping. Boats come to it it hath ftore of Land and
Cattle, '
Two miles Northeaft from Roxbury, and [p., i6i.] Forty
miles from New-Plimouth, in the latitude of 42 or 43 de
grees and 10 minutes, in the bottom of Maffathufets-Bay
is Bofton (whofe longitude is 315 degrees, or as others ¦will
322 degrees and 30 feconds.) So called froih a Town in
Lincolnfhire, which in the Saxons time bare the name of
St. Botolph, and is the Metropolis of this Colony, or rather
of the whole Countrey, fituated upon a Peninfula, about
four miles in compafs, almoft fquare, and invironed with
the Sea, faving one fmall Ifihmus which gives accefs to
other Towns by land on the South-fide. The Town hath
two hills of equal height on the frontire part thereof next
the Sea, the one well fortified on the fuperficies with fome
Artillery mounted, commanding any Ship as flie fails into
the Harbour within the ftill Bay ; the other hill hath a
very ftrong battery built of whole Timber and fill'd with
-• earth,

Two Voyages to New-England. 125
earth, at the defcent of the hill in the extreameft part
thereof, betwixt thefe two ftrong Arms, lyes a large Cove
or Bay, on which the chiefeft part of the Town is built
to the Northweft is a high mountain that out-tops all,
with its three little rifing hills on the fummit, called
Tramoimt, this is furniflied with a Beacon and great
Guns, from hence you may [p. 162.] overlook all the Ifl
ands in the Bay, and defcry fuch Ships as are upon the
Coaft: the houfes are for the moft part raifed on the Sea-
banks and wharfed out with great induftry and coft, many
of them ftanding upon piles, clofe together on each fide
the ftreets as in London, and fumifhed with many fair
fhops, their materials are Brick, Stone, Lime, handfomely
contrived, with three meeting Houfes or Churches, and a
Town-houfe built upon pillars where the Merchants may
confer, in the Charnbers above they keep their monethly
Courts. Their ftreets 'are many and large, paved with
pebble ftone, and the South-fide adorned with Gardens
and Orchards. The Town is rich and very populous,
much frequented by ftrangers, here is the dwelling of
their Governour. On the North-weft and North-eafl two
conflant Fairs are kept for daily Trafiick thereunto. On
the South there is a fmall, but pleafant Common where
the Gallants a litde before Sun-fet walk with their Mar-
malet-Madams, as we do in Morefields, &c. till the nine a
clock Bell rings them home to their refpeftive habita
tions, when prefently the Conftables walk their rounds to
fee good orders kept and to take up loofe people. Two
miles from the town, [p. 163.] at a place called Muddy-
River, the Inhabitants have Farms, to which belong rich
arable grounds and meadows where they keep their Cat tle

126 yoffelyris Accotmt of
tie in the Summer, and bring them to Bofton in the Win
ter; the Harbour before the Towft is filled with Ships
' and other Veffels for moft part of the year.
Hingha7n is a Town fituated • upon the Sea-coafts,
South-eaft of Charles-River : here is great ftore of Tim
ber, deal-boards, mafts for Ships, white-Cedar, and fifh is
here to be had.
Dedhafn an inland town ' ten miles from Bofton in the
County of Suffolk .well watered with many pleafant
ftreams, and abounding with Garden fruit ; the Inhabi
tants are Husband-men, fomewhat more than one hundred
Families, having ftore of Cattle and Corn.
The Town of Waymouth lyes open to the Sea, on the
Eaft Rocks and Swamps, to the South-ward good ftore of
Deer, arable land and meadows.
On the North-fide of Bofton flows Charles-River, which
is about fix fathom deep, many fmall Iflands lye to the
Bayward, and hills on either fide the River, a very good
harbour, here may forty Ships ride, the paffage from Bof
ton to Charles-Town is by a Ferry worth forty or fifty
pounds a [p. 164.] year, and is a quarter of a mile over.
The River Miftick runs through the right fide of the
Town, and by its near approach to Charles-River in one
place makes a very narrow neck, where ftands moft part
of the Town, the market-place not far from the waterfide
is furrounded with houfes, forth of which iffue two ftreets
orderly built and beautified with Orchards and Gardens,
their meeting-houfe ftands on the North-fide of the mar
ket having a little hill behind it ; there belongs to this
Town one thoufand and two hundred Acres of arable,
four hundred head of Cattle, and as many Sheep, thefe'
alfo provide themfelves Farms in the Country. Up

Two Voyages to New-England. 127
Up higher in Charles-River weft-ward Is a broad Bay
two miles over, into which runs Stony-River and Muddy-
River. Tow'ards the South-weft in the middle of the Bay is a
great. Oyfter-bank, towards the North-weft is a Creek ;
upon the fhore is fituated the village of Medford, it is a
mile and half from Charles-town.
At the bottom of the Bay the River begins to be nar
rower, half a quarter of a mile broad ; by the North-fide
of the River is New-town, three miles from Cliarles-tow7t,
a league and half by water, it was firft [p. 165.] intended
for a City, the neateft and beft compared Town, having
many fair ftru6lures and handfom contrived ftreets ; the
Inhabitants rich, they have many hundred Acres of land
paled with one common fence a mile and half long, and
ftore of Cattle ; it is now called Cambridge where is a
Colledg for Students of late ; it ftretcheth from Charles-
River to the Southern part of Merrimach-River.
Half a mile thence on the fame fide of the River is
Water-town built upon one of the branches of Charles-
River, very fruitful and of large extent watered with
many pleafant fprings and fmall Rivulets, the Inhabitants
live fcatteringly. Within half a mile is a great pond di
vided between the two Towns, a mile and half from the
Town is a fall of frefh waters which conveigh themfelves
into the Ocean through Charles-River, a little below the
faU of waters they have a wair to catch fifh, wherein they
take ftore oi Baffe, Shades, Alwives, Frofi-fifh, and Smelts,
in two tides they have gotten one hundred thoufand of
thefe fiflies. They have ftore of CatUe and Sheep, and
near upon two thoufand Acres of arable land. Ships of
fmall burden may come up to thefe Towns. We

128 Joffelyn! s Account of
[p. 1 66.] We will now return to Cliarles-tow7i again,
where the River Miftick runs ori the North-fide of the
Town (that is the right fide as beforefald) where on the
Nprthweft-fide of the River is the Town of Mifiick, three
miles from Charles-town, a league and half by water, a
fcattered village ; at the head of this River are great and
fpacious ponds, full of Alewives in the fpring-time, the
notedft place for this fort of fifli. On the Weft of this
River is Merchant Craddock's plantation, where he im
paled a park.
Upon the fame River and on the North-fide is the
Town of Maiden.
The next Town is Winnifimet a mile from Charles-
town, the River only parting them, this is the laft Town
in the ftill bay of Maffachufets.
Without Pullin-point, fix miles North-eaft from Winni
fimet is Cawgufi, or Sagufi, or Sa7igut now called Linn, fit
uated at the bottom of a Bay near a River, which upon the
breaking up of winter with a furious Torrent vents it felf
into the Sea, the Town confifts of more than one hundred
dwelling-houfes, their Church being built on a level unde
fended from the North-weft wind is made witli fteps de-
fcending [p. 167] into the Earth, their ftreets are ftraight
and but thin of houfes, the people moft hufbandmen. At
the end of the Sandy beach is a neck of land called Na
hant, it is fix miles in circumference. Black William an
Indian Duke out of his generofity gave this to the Eng
lifti. At the mouth of the River runs a great Creek into
a great marfli called Rumney-marih, which is four miles
long, and a mile broad, this Town hath the benefit of
minerals of divers kinds. Iron, Lead, one Iron mill, ftore
of Cattle, Arable land and meadow. To

Two Voyages to New-England. 129
To the North-ward oi Linn is Marvil or Marble-head, a
fmall Harbour, the fliore rockie, upon which the Town is
built, confifting of a few fcattered houfes ; here they have
ftages for fifliermen, Orchards and Gardens, half a mile
within land good paftures and Arable land.
Four miles North of Marble-head is fituated New-Salem
(whofe longitude is 315 degrees, and latitude 42 degrees
35 minutes) upon a plain, having a River on the South,
and another on the North, it hath two Harbours, Winter
Harbour and Summer Harbour which lyeth within Dar-
bie's fort, they have ftore of Meadow and Arable, in this
Town are fome very rich Merchants.
[p. 168.] Upon the Northern Cape of the Maffachufets,
that Is Cape-An7t, a place of fifhing is fituated, the Town
of Glocefier where the Maffachufets Colony firft fet down,
but Salem was the firfl Town built in that Colony, here is
a Harbour for Ships.
To the North-ward of Cape-Anru is Wonafquam, a dan
gerous place to fafl by in flormie weather, by reafon of the
many Rocks and foaming breakers.
The next Town that prefents it felf to view Is Ipfwich
fituated by a fair River, whofe firft rife Is from a Lake or
Pond twenty mile up, betaking its courfe through a hid
eous Swamp for many miles, a Harbour for Bears, it iffu
eth forth into a large Bay, (where they fifh for Whales)
due Eaft over againft the Iflands of Sholes a great place
of fifhing, the mouth of that River is barr'd ; it is a good
haven-town, their meeting-houfe or Church is beautifully
built, ftore of Orchards and Gardens, land for hufbandry
and Cattle. • .* •' ''•-
Wenham is an inland Town very weU watered, lying
17 between

I30 foffelyfis Accoimt of .
between Salem and' Ipfwich, confifteth moft. of men of
judgment and experience in t^ rzftica, well ftored with
Cattle. At the firft rife of Ipfwich-River in the higheft
part of the land near the head. [p. 169.] fprings of many
confiderable Rivers ; Shafitin one of the moft confider
able branches of Merrimach-'Rliver, and alfo at the rife of
Miftick-Kiver, and ponds full of pleafant fprings, is fitu
ated Wooburn an inland-Town four miles fquare begin
ning at the end of Charles-town bounds.
Six miles from Ipfwich North-eaft is Rowley, moft of
the Inhabitants have been Clothiers.
Nine miles from Salem to the North is Agowamine, the
beft and fpacioufeft place for a plantation, being twenty
leagues to the Northward of New-Plimouth.
Beyond Agowamin is fituated Hampton near the Sea-
coafts not far from Merrimach-Kiver, this Town is hke a
Flower-deluce, having two ftreets of houfes wheeling off"
frojn the main body thereof, they have great ftore of fait
Marflies and Cattle, the land is fertil, but full of Swamps
and Rocks.
Eight miles beyond Agowamin runneth the delightful
River Merrimack or Monumach, it is navigable for twenty
miles, and well flored with fifh, upon the banks grow
ftately Oaksj excellent Ship timber, not inferiour to our
Englifh. .. On the South-fide oi Merrimach-'Rlvfer [p, 170,] twelve
miles from Ipfwich, and near upon the wide venting
ftreams thereof is fituated Newberrie, the houfes are feat-
tering, well ftored with meadow, upland, and Arable, and
about four hundred head of Cattle, ; '•:{
Over againft Newberrie lyes the Town of Salisbury,
¦- ' : where

Two Voyages to New-England. 131
where a conftant Ferry Is kept, the River being here half
a mile broad, the Town fcatteringly built
Hard upon the River of Shafhin where Merrimach
receives this and the other branch Into its body, is feated
Andover, ftored with land and Cattle.
Beyond this Town by "the branch of Merrimac h-'Kiver
called Shaffii7i, lyeth Haverhill, a Town of large extent
about ten miles In length, the inhabitants Husbandmen,
this Town is not far from Salisbury.
Over againft Haverhill lyeth the Town of Maiden,
which I have already mentioned.
In a low level upon a frefh River a branch of Merri
mach is feated Concord, the firft inland Town in Maffa
chufets patent well ftored with fifh, Salmon, Dace, Ale-
wive, Shade, &c. abundance of frefh marfh and Cattle,
this place is fubje6t to bitter ftorms.
[p. 171.] The next town is Sudbury built upon the
fame River where Concord is, but further up ; to this
Town likewife belongs great ftore of frefli marflies, and
Arable land, and they have many Catde, it lyeth low, by
reafon whereof it is much indammaged with flouds.
. In the Centre of the Countrey by a great pond fide,
and not far from Woeburn, is fituated Reading, it hath
two mills, a faw-mill and a Corn-mill, and is weU ftockt
with Cattle.
The Colony is divided into four Counties, the firft is
Suffolk, to which belongs Dorchefier, Roxbury, Waymouth,
Hingham, Dedham, Braintre, Sittuate, Hull, Nantafcot,
Wifaguffet. The fecond County is Middlefex, to this be
longs Charles-town, Water-town, Cambridge, Concord, Sud
bury, Woeburn, Reading, Maiden, Mifiick, Medford, Win
nifimet

132 foffelyns Accotmt of
nifimet and Marble-head.- To the third County which is
Effex, belongs .New-Salem, Linn, Ipfzvich, New-Berry,
Rowley, Glocefier, Wenham and Andover. The fourth
County is Northfolk, to this belorfgs Salisbury, Hampton
and Haverhill.
In the year of our Lord 1628, Mr. fohn Endicot with
a number oi Englifii people fet down by Cape-Anii at that
place" called [p. 172.] afterwards Glofier,hut their abiding-
place was at Salem, where they built a Town in 1639. and
there they gathered their firft Church, confifting but of
Seventy perfons ; but afterwards Increafed to forty three
Churches in joynt Communion with one another, and in
thofe Churches were about Seven thoufand, feven hun
dred and fifty Souls, Mr. Endicot was chofen their firfl
Governour. The Twelfth oi fuly Anno Dom. 1630. yohn Wenthorp
Efq ; and the affiftants, arrived with the Patent for the
Maffachufets, the paffage of the people that came along
vrith him In ten Veffels came to 95000 pound: the Swine,
Goats, Sheep, Neat Horfes coft to tranfport 1 2000 pound,
befides the price they coft them ; getting food for the
people till they could clear the ground of wood amounted
to 45000 pound : Nails, Glafs, and other Iron work for
their meeting and dwelling houfes 1 3000 pound ; Arms,
Powder, Bullet and Match, together with their Artillery
22000 pound, the whole fum amounts unto One hundred
ninety two thoufand pounds. They fet down firft upon
Noddles-Ifiand, afterwards they began to build upon the
main! In 1637. there were not many houfes in the Town
of [p. 173.] Bofton, amongft which were two houfes of
entertainment called Ordinaries, into which if a ftranger
' . went.

Two Voyages to New-England. 133
went, he was prefently followed by one appointed to that
Office, who would thruft himfelf into his company unin
vited, and if he called for more drink than the Officer
thought in his judgment he could foberly bear away, he
would prefently countermand it and appoint the propor
tion, beyond which he could not get one drop.
The Patent was granted to Sir Henry Rofewell, Sir
fohn You7ig Knight, Thomas Southcoat, yoh7i Humphrey,
yohn Endicot, and Simon Whitecomb, and to their Heirs,
Affigns, and Affoclats for ever. Thefe took to them other
Affociats, as Sir Richard Saltonftall, Ifaac fohnfon, Sam
uel A Iderfey, fo. Ven, Matth. Craddock, George Harwood,
Increafe Nowell, Rich. Perry, Rich. Bellingham, Nathan
iel Wright, Samuel Vafell, Theophilus Eaton, Thomas
Goffe, Thomas Adams, fo. Brown, Sa7nuel Brown,
Thomas Hutchins, Will. Vafell, Will. Pinchon and George
Foxcroft. Matth. Craddock was ordained and conftltuted
Governour by Patent, and Thomas. Goffe Deputy Gov
ernour of the faid Company, the reft Affiftants.
That part of New-England granted to [p. 1 74.] thefe
fore-mentioned Gentlemen lyeth and extendeth between
a great River called Monumach, alias Merrimach, and the
often frequented Charles-River, being in the bottom of a
Bay called Maffachufets, alias Mattachufets, alias Maf-
fatufets-bay ; and alfo thofe lands within the fpace of
three Engliffi miles, on the South part of the faid
Charles-River, or any or every part and all the lands
within three miles to the South-ward part of the Maffa
chufets-bay, and all thofe lands which lye within the fpace
of three Engliffi miles to the North-ward of the River
Merrimach, or to the North-ward of any and every part
thereof,

134 foffelyns Account of
thereof, and all lands whatfoever within the limits afore-
faid. North and South, in latitude, and in breadth and
length and longitude of and within all the main land
there, from the A tlantick and Weltem-Sea and Ocean on
the Eaft-part, to the South-Sea on the Weft-part and all
lands and grounds, place and places, foils, woods and
wood-groves. Havens, Ports, Rivers, Waters, fiflilngs and
Hereditaments whatfoever lying within the aforefald lands
and limits, and every part and parcel thereof, and alfo all
Iflands lying in America aforefald in the faid Seas, or
either of them on the Weftern or Eaftern [p. 175.] Coafts
or parts of the faid tradls of lands. Alfo all mines and
minerals as well Royal of Gold, Silver, as others &c.
With power to rule and govern both Sea and land,
holden of the Eaft manner of Greenwich in Com. Rent,
in free and common foccage, yielding and paying to the
King the fifth part of the Oar of Gold and Silver which
fhaU be found at any time.
This Colony is a body Corporated and Politick in fadl
by the name of the Governour and Company of the Mat-
tachufets-bay in New-England.
That there fliaU be one Governour, and Deputy-Gov-
emour, and Eighteen Affiflants of the fame Company
from time to time.
That the Govemour and Deputy-Governour, Affiftants
and all odier Officers to be chofen from amongft the free
men, the laft Wednefday in Eafier-term yearly in the gen
eral Court The

Two Voyages to New-England. 135
The Governour to take his Corporal Oath to be true
and faithful to the Government, and to give the fame
Oath to the Other Officers.

[p. 1 76.] To hold a Court once a month, and any feven
to be a fufficient Court
And that there fhall be four general Courts kept in
Term time, and one great general and folemn Affembly
to make Laws and Ordinances ; So they be not contrary
and repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of the Realm of
England. Their form of Government and what their
Laws concern, you may fee in the enfuing Table, Their

136

foffelyris Account of

[p- 177-]

-

'Governour

I Magi-
•
ftrates. ^
'i Counfellers
.
f
Affi
v2
ftants.
¦ I of the whole
•U
¦
«
Countrey.
Dt
2 Judges
,
_ 2 of each Town.
-
" I of the
whole Coun-
'i for their prote-
ftion:
2 People
trey.
2 for their provi
"
2 of each
fion.
E
Town, con-
I their lands.
0
cerning.
2 their Treafure.
0
^1 The
5 '
publick
¦ I in their perfonal
' I. Civil
State, or ,
Inheritances, and
h.
& they
2 Parti
proprieties
Ji
concern
cular per-
H
,_fons.
¦1 Of
2 In
buying
'"Whether
' I either
their
and fel
between
of Tref-"
mutu
ling.
¦
the mem
paffes
al
OJ
bers of
or
com
2 Lend
rt
their own
2 of
merce.
ing and
ki
Common
Capital
whe
bor
0 n
wealth &
Crimes.
ther in
rowing.
2 Cri-
_they are.
_way
.minal.-
2 fie-
tween
Burgefles
and the
I That we
do them wrong.
people.
and for-
raign Nations,
whether
2 That the
iT do us wrong.
in c
afe
I
[p, 178.] Anno Dom. 1646, they drew up a body of
their Laws for the well ordering of their Commonwealth,
as they not long fince termed it
The military part of their Commonwealth is governed by
Two Voyages to Nezv-E7igla:id. 137
by one Major-General, and three Serjeant Majors ; to the
Major-General belongeth particularly the Town 'of ^o/
ton, to the three Serjeant Majors belong the four Coun
ties, but with fubmlffion to the Major-General. The firft
Serjeant Major chofen for the County of Suffolk was Ma
jor Gibbons. For the County of Middlefex Major Sedo--
wick.^ For the County of Effex and Northfolk Major
Denifon. Every Town fends two Burgeffes to their great and fol
emn general Court
For being drunk, they either whip or impofe a fine of
Five fliillings; fo for fwearlng and curfing, or boring
through the tongue with a hot Iron.
For kiffing a woman in the ftreet, though in way of
civil falute, whipping or a fine.
For Single fornication whipping or a fine.
For Adultery, put to death, and fo for witchcraft
An Englifh woman fuffering an Indian to have carnal
knowledge of her, had an Indian cut . out exa6tly in red '
cloth fewed [p. 1 79.] upon her right Arm, and injoyned
to wear it twelve moneths.
Scolds they gag and fet them at their doors for certain
hours, for all comers and goers by to gaze at.
Stealing is punlfhed with reftoring four fould, if able ;
if not they are fold for fome years, and fo are poor
debtors. If you defire a further infpedlion to their Laws, I muft
refer you to them being in print too many for to be in-
ferted into this Relation.
The Governments of their Churches are Independent
and Presbyterial, every Church (for fo they call their par
's ticular

138 foffelyns A,ccou7it of
ticular Congregations) have one Paftor, one Teacher, Rul
ing Elders and Deacons.
They that are members of their- Churches have the
Sacraments adminiftred to them, the reft that are out of
the pale as they phrafe it, are denyed it. Many hundred
Souls there be amongft them grown up to men & wom
ens eftate that were never Chrlftened.
They judge every man and woman to pay Five fhil
lings per day, who. comes not to their Affemblies, and im
pofe fines of forty fhillings and fifty fhillings on fuch as
meet together to worfhip God.
[p. 180.] Quakers they whip, banifh, and hang if they
return again.
Anabaptifts they imprifon, fine and weary out
The Government both Civil and Ecclefiaftical is in the
hands of the thorow-pac'd Independents and rigid Pres
byterians. The grofe Goddons, or great mafters, as alfo fome of
their Merchants are damnable rich ; generally all of their
judgement, inexplicably covetous and proud, they receive
your gifts but as an homage or tribute due to their tran-
fcendency, which is a fault their Clergie are alfo guilty of,
whofe living is upon the bounty of their hearers. On'
Sundays in the afternoon when Sermon is ended the
people in the Galleries come down and march two a breaft
up one He and down the other, until they come before
the desk, for Pulpit they have none : before the desk is a
long pue where the Elders and Deacons fit one of them.
with a mony box in his hand, into which the people as
they pafs put their offering, fome a fhilling, fome two fhfl-
lings, half a Crown, five fhillings according to their abil- ity

Two Voyages to Nezv-England. 139
ity and good will, after this they conclude with a Pfalm ;
but this by the way.
The chiefeft objeds of difcipllne. Religion, [p. 181.]
and morality they want, fome are of a Li7ifie-woolfie
difpofition, of feveral profeffions in Religion, all like
-Ethiopians white in the Teeth only, full of ludification
and injurious dealing, and cruelty the extreamefl of all
vices. The chlefefl caufe oi Noalis floud, Prov. 27. 26.
.Agni erant ad vefiitum tuum, is a frequent Text among
them, no trading for a flranger with them, but with a Grce-
cian faith, which is not to part with your ware without
ready money, for they are generally in their payments re-
cufant and flow, great Syndics, or cenfors, or controllers
of other mens manners, and favagely fa6lious amongfl
themfelves. There are many flrange women too, (in Salomo7is
fence) more the pitty, when a woman hath lofl her Chaf-
tity, fhe hath no more to lofe.
But miftake me not to general fpeeches, none but the
guilty take exceptions, there are many fincere and relig
ious people amongft them, defcryed by their charity and
humility (the true Chara6ters of Chriftianity) by their "
Zenodochie or hofpitality, by their hearty fubmlffion to
their Soveraign the King of England, by their diligent }
and honeft labour in their callings, amongft thefe we may
account the Royallfts, who are lookt upon with an evil
eye, and [p. 182.] tongue, boulted or punlfhed if they
chance to lafh out; the tame Indian (for fo they call
thofe that are born in the Countrey) are pretty honeft too,
and may in good time be known for honeft Kings men.
They have ftore of Children, and are well accommo-
> dated

140 foffelyris Account of
dated with Servants ; many hands make light work, many
hands make a full fraught but many mouths eat up afl,
as fome old planters have experimented ; of thefe fome
are Englifft, others Negroes : of fhe Engliffi there are can
eat till they fweat and work till they freeze ; & and of the
females that are like Mrs. Winters paddocks, very tender
fingerd in cold weather.
There are none that beg in the Countrey, but there be
Witches too many, bottle-bellied Witches amongft the
Quakers, and others that produce many ftrange appari
tions if you will believe report, of a Shallop at Sea man'd
with women ; of a Ship, and a great red Horfe ftanding
by the main-maft, the Ship being in a fmall Cove to the
Eaft-ward vanifhed of a fuddain. Of a Witch that ap
peared aboard of a Ship twenty leagues to Sea to a Mar
iner who took up the Carpenters broad Axe and cleft her
head with it, the Witch dying of the wound at home, with
fuch like bugbears and Terriculamentaes.
[p, 183.] It is publiflied in print, that there are not much
lefs than Ten hundred thoufand fouls Englifh, Scotch and
Iriffi in New-England. .,._.
Moll of their firft Magiftrates are dead, not above two
left in the Majfachufets, but one at Plimouth, one at Con^
neSiicut, and one at New-haven, they having done their
generation work are laid afleep in their beds of reft till
the day of doom, there and then to receive their reward
according as they have done be it good or evil. Things
of great indurance we fee come to mine, and alter, as
great Flouds and Seas dryed up ; mighty hills and moun
tains funk into hollow bottoms : marvel not then that man
is mortal, fince his nature is unconftant and tranfitory. The

Two Voyages to New-England. 141
The Difeafes that the Engliffi are affHaed with, are the
fame that they have in E7igland, with fome proper to
New-EnglaTid, griping of the belly (accompanied with
Feaver and Ague) which turns to the bloudy-flux, a com
mon difeafe in the Countrey, which together with the
fmall pox hath carried away abundance of their children
for this the common medicines amongft the poorer fort
are Pills of Cotton fwallowed, or Sugar and Sallet-oyl
boiled • thick and made into Pills, Alloes pulverized [p.
184,] and taken in the pap of an Apple. I helped many
of them with a fweating medicine only.
Alfo they are troubled with a difeafe in the mouth or
throat which hath proved mortal to fome in a very fhort
time, Quinfies, and Impoftumations of the Almonds,
with great diftempers of cold. Some of our New-Eng
land writers, affirm that the Englifli are never or very
rarely heard to fneeze or cough, as ordinarily they do
in England, which is not true. For a cough or flitch
upon cold. Wormwood, Sage, Marygolds, and Crabs-claws
boiled in poffet-drink and drunk off very warm, is a fover
aign medicine.
Pleurifies and Empyemas are frequent there, both cured
after one and the fame way ; but the. laft Is a defperate
difeafe and kills many. For the Pleurifie I have given
Coriander-ieed prepared, Carduus feed, and Harts-horn
pulverized with good fuccefs, the dofe one dram in a cup
of Wine.
The Stone terribly afflidls many, and the Gout, and
Sciatica, for which take Onions roafted, peeled and ftampt,
then boil them with neats-feet oyl and Rhum to a plaifter,
and apply it to the hip. Head-

142 foffelyns Account of
Head -aches are frequent Palfies, Dropfies, Worms,
Noii-me-tangeres, Cancers, [p. 185.] peftilent Feavers.
Scurvies, the body corrupted with Sea-diet Beef and Pork
tainted. Butter and Cheefe corrupted, fifli rotten, a long
voyage, coming into the fearching fharpnefs of a purer
climate, caufeth death and ficknefs amongft them.
Men and Women keep their complexions, but lofe
their Teeth : the Women are plttifuUy Tooth-fhaken ;
whether through the coldnefs of the chmate, or byfweet-
meats of which they have ftore, I am not able to affirm,
for the To.othach I have found the following medicine
very available, Brimftone and Gunpowder compounded
with butter, rub the mandible with it the outfide being
firft warm'd.
For falling off of the hair occafioned by the coldnefs of
the climate, and to make it curl, take of the, ftrong water
called Rhum and wafh or bath your head therewith, it is
an admirable remedie.
For kibed heels, to heal them take the yelloweft part
of Rozen, pulverize it and work it in the palm of your
hand with the tallow of a Candle to a falve, and lay of it
to the fore.
For frozen limbs, a plaifter framed with Soap, Bay-falt,
and Moloffes is fure, or Cow-dung boiled in milk and
applyed. :
For Warts and Corns, bathe them with Sea-water.
[p. 186.] There was in the Countrey not long fince liv
ing two men that voided' worms feven times their length.
Likewife a young maid that was troubled with a fore
pricking at her heart ftih as flie lean'd her body, or ftept
down with her foot to the one fide or the other ; this maid
during

Two Voyages to New-England. 143
during her diftemper voided worms of the length of a •
finger all hairy with black heads ; it fo fell out that the
maid dyed ; her friends defirous to difcover the caufe of
the diftenlper of her heart had her open'd, and found two
crooked bones growing upon the top of the heart, which
as fhe bowed her body to the right or left fide would job
their points into one and the fame place, till they had
worn a hole quite through. At Cape-Porpus lived an
honeft poor planter of middle-age, and ftrong of body, but
fo extreamly troubled with two lumps (or wens as I con-
je6tured) within him, on each fide one, that he could not
reft for them day nor night being of great weight and
fwagging to the one fide or the other, according to the
motion or pofture of his body ; at laft he dyed in Afino
1668 as I think, or thereabouts. Some Chlrurgeons there
were that proffered to open him, but his wife would not
affent to it, and fo his difeafe was hidden in the Grave.
[p. 187.] It is the opinion of many men, that the black-
nefs of the Negroes proceeded from the curfe upon Cham's
pofterity, others again will have it to be the property of
the climate where they live. I pafs by other Phllofophi-
cal reafons and skill, only render you my experimental
knowledge : having a Barbarie-moor under cure, whofe
finger (prickt with the bone of a fifli) -was Impoflumated,
after I had lanc'd it and let out the Corruption the skin
began to rife with proud flefli under it ; this I wore away,
and having made a found bottom I incarnated it and then
laid on my skinning plaifler, then I perceived that the
Moor had one skin more than Englifhmen ; the skin that
is bafled to the flefli is bloudy and of the fame Azure col
our with the veins, but deeper than the colour of our Eu
ropeans

144 foffelyns Aixotmt of
ropeans veins. Over this is an other skin of a tawny col
our, and upon that Epidermis or Cuticula, the flower of
the skin (which is that Snakes caft) and this is tawny alfo,
the colour of the blew skin mingling with the tawny
makes them appear black. I do not peremptorily affirm
this to be the caufe, but fubmit to better judgment More
rarities of this nature I could make known unto you, but
I haften to an end ; only a word or two of our Engliffi
Creatures and then to Sea again.
[p. I ^?>1\ I have given yoii an Account of fuch plants
as profper there, and of fuch as do not ; but fo briefly,
that I conceive it neceffary to afford you fome what more
of them. Plantain I told you fprang up in the Coun
trey after the Englifh came, but it is but one fort, and that
is broad-leaved plantain.
• Gilliflowers thrive exceedingly there and are very large,
the Collibuy or humming Bird is much pleafed with
them. Our Englifh dames make Syrup of them without
fire, they fteep them in Wine till it be of a deep colour,
and then they put to it fpirit of Vitriol, it will keep as
long a^ the other.
Eglantine or fweet Bryer is beft fowen with funiper-
berries, two or three to one Eglantine-berry put Into a hole
made with a ftick, the next year feparate and remove
them to your banks, in three years time they will make a
hedge as high as a man, which you may keep thick and
handfome with cutting.
Our Englifft Clover-grafs fowen thrives very well.
Radifhes I have feen there as big as a man's Arm.
Flax and Hemp flourifh gallantly. ,' \
Our Wheat i. e, fummer Wheat many [p, 189.J times
changeth

Two Voyages to Nezv-England. 145
changeth into Rye, and is fubje6t to be blafted, fome fay
with a vapour breaking out of the earth, others, with a
wind North-eaft or North-weft, at fuch time as it flowereth,
others again fay it is with lightning. I have obferved,
that when a land of Wheat hath been fmitten v/ith a blaft
at one Corner, It hath infe6ted the reft in a weeks time, it
begins at the ftem (which will be fpotted and goes up
wards to the ear making it fruitlefs); in 1669 the pond
that lyeth between Water-town and Cambridge, caft its
fifh dead upon the fhore, forc't by a mineral vapour as
was conje(5lured.
Our fruit-Trees profper abundantly, Apple-trees, Pear-
trees, Quince-trees, Clierry-trees, Plum-trees, Barberry-trees.
I have obferved with admiration, that the Kernels fown
or the Succors planted produce as fair & good fruit with
out graffing, as the Tree from whence they were taken :
the Countrey is replenifhed with fair and large Orchards.
It was affirmed by one Mr. Woolcut (a magiftrate in Con-
ne£licut Colony) at the Captains Meffe (of which I was)
aboard the Ship I came home in, that he made Five hun
dred Hogfheads of Syder out of his own Orchard in one
year. Syder is \ery plentiful in the Countrey, ordinarily
fold for Ten fliillings a Hogfliead. At the [p. 190.] Tap-
houfes in. Bofion I have had an Ale-quart fpic'd and
fweetned with Sugar for a groat but I fliall infert a more
delicate mixture of it Take of Maligo-Raifons, ftamp
them and put milk to them, and put them in an Hippo-
eras bag and let it drain out of it felf, put a quantity of
this with a fpoonful or two of Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers
into every bottle, when you bottle your Syder, and your
Planter wiU have a liquor that exceeds paffada, the Nec
tar of the Countrey. .9 The

146 yoffely7is Account of
The Quinces, Cherries, Damfons, fet the Dames a work,
Marmaldd and prefented Damfons is to be met with in
every houfe. It was not long before' I left the Countrey
that I made Cheriy wi7ie, and fomay others, for there are
good ftore of them both red and black.
Their fruit-trees are fubjeft to two difeafes, the Meazels,
which is when they are burned and fcorched with the
Sun, and lowfinefs, when the wood-peckers job holes in
their bark : the way to cure them when they are lowfie is
to bore a hole into the main root with an Augur, and
pour in a quantity of Brandie or Rhum, and then ftop It
up with a pin made of the fame Tree.
The firft Neat carried thither was to [p. 191.] New-
Plimouth Anno 1624 thefe thrive and increafe exceed
ingly, but grow lefs in body than thofe they are bred of
yearly. Horfes there are numerous, and here and there a good
one, they let them run all the year abroad, and in the
winter feidom provide any fother for them, (except it be
Magiftrates, great Mafters and Troopers Horfes) which
brings them very low in fiefh till the fpring, and fo creft
fallen, that their crefts never rife again. Here I firil met
with J:hat excrefcence called Hippomanes, which by fome
is faid to grow on the forehead of a foal new caft, and
that the Mare bites it off as foon as foaled; but this is but
a fable. A neighbour at Black-point having a Mare with
foal, tyed her up in his Barn, the next day flie foaled, and
the man ftanding by fpied a thing like a foals tongue to
drop out of the foals mouth, which he took up and pre
fented me with it, teUing me withall, that he had heard
many wonderful things reported of it, and that it was
rank

Two Voyages to New-England. 1^7
rank poyfon. I accepted of it gladly and brought it home
with me, when it v/as dry, it lookt like Glew, but of a dark
brown colour;- to omit all other ufes for it this I can af-
fure you that a piece of it foakt In warm water or cold,
will take fpots out of wollen Clothes being rub'd thereon.
[p. 192.] Goats were the firft fmall Cattie they had in
the Countrey, he was counted no body that had not a..
Trip or Flock of Goats : a hee-Goat gelt at Michaelmas
and turn'd out to feed will be fat In a moneths time, & is
as good meat as a weather. I was taught by a Barba7y
Negro a medicine which before I proceed any further I
win Impart unto you, and that was for a fwelling under
the throat Take Goats hair and clay and boil them in
fair water to a poultis, and apply it very warm.
Sheep now they have good ftore, thefe and Goats bring
forth two, fometimes three Lambs and Rids at a time.
Hoggs are here Innumerable, every planter hath a
Heard, when they feed upon fhell-fifli and the like, as
they do that are kept near the Sea and by the fifhers
ftages, they taft fifhie and rank; but fed with white Oak-
Acorns, or hidian-Corn and Peafe there is not better
Pork in the whole world: befides they fometimes have
the Meazels, which is known when their hinder legs are
fliorter than ordinary.
Calls and Dogs are as common as in Engla7id, but our
Dogs in time degenerate; yet they have g-A\ant Dogs both
for fowl & wild Beafts all over the Countrey : the Indians
ftore themfelves with them, being much [}3. 193.J better
for their turns, than their breed of wild dogs, which are
(as I conceive) like to the Taffo-canes or mountain dogs
in Itaty. ^ Of

14S foffelyns Account of
Of Engliffi Poultry too there is good ftore, they have
commonly three broods in a year ;' the hens by that time
tiiey are three years old have fpurs like the Cock, but not
altogether fo big, but as long, they ufe to crow often,
which is fo rare a thing in other Countries, that they have
a proverb Gallina recinit a Hen crowes. And in England
it is accounted ominous; therefore our Farmers wives
as foon as they hear a Hen crow wring off" her neck,
and fo they ferve their fpur'd Hens, becaufe they fhould
not break their Eggs with their fpurs when they fit In
the year 1637. which was when I went my firfl Voyage to
New-England a good woman brought aboard with her a
lufty Cock and Hen that had homs like fpurs growing out
on each fideof their Combs, but fhe fpolled the breed, kill
ing of them at Sea, to feed upon, for fhe loved a frefli bit
_ In Anno 164^. Certain Indians coming to our houfe
clad in Deere-skin coats, defired leave to lodge all night
in our kitchin, it being a very ralnie feafon, fome of them
lay down In the middle of the Room, and others under
the Table, in the morning they [p. 194.] went away before
any of the people were up ; the poultry had their break
faft ufually in cold weather in the kitchin, and becaufe
they fhould not hinder the paffmg of the people too and
again, it was thrown under the Table ; in the afternoon
they began to hang the wing, in the night the fickeft
dropt dead from the perch, and the next day moft of them
dyed ; we could not of a fudden ghefs at the caufe, but
thought the Indians had either bewitched, or poyfoned
them : it came at laft into my head, feeing their Crops
very full, or rather much fwell'd, to open them, where I
found as much Deers hair as Corn, they that pickt up
none of the hair lived and did well, , , - . |U;;
::¦ ''^^-^^vln'

Two Voyages to New-E7ig!and. 149
In the year 1667. October She 7th amongft our poultry^
we had one white game Cock of the French kind, a bird
of high prlcCj when he was three years old he drooped
and his fpirit was quite gone ; one of our Negro maids
finding him in the yard dead brought him Into the houfe
and acquainted me with it. I caufed her to draw him,
when his guts were all drawn out fhe put in her hand
again and felt a lump in his body as big as a half-peny
loaf, ftrongly faftned to his back, and much ado fhe had
to pull it out ; I found it to be a tuff bag, containing ftuff
like liver, and very heavie, at one end [p. 195.] of the bag,
another little bag filled with a fatty matter, his gizard,
liver, and heart wafted. The Pipe or Roupe is a common
difeafe amongft their poultry infefting one another with
it. I conceive it cometh of a cold moiflure of the brain,
they will be very fleepie with it the befl cure for it is Gar-
lick, and fmoaking of them with dryed Hyfope. "^
In September following my Arrivage in the Maffachu
fets about the twelfth hour of the eight day, I fhlpt my
felf and goods in a Bark bound to the Eaft-ward, meeting
as we failed out the Dutch Governour of New-Nether
lands, who was received and entertained at Boflon by the
Governour and Magiftrates with great folemnlty. About
nine of the clock at night we came to Salem and. lay
aboard all night.
The Ninth day we went afliore to view the Town which
is a mile long, and lay that night at a Merchants houfe.
The Tenth day we came from Salem about Uvelve of
the clock back to Marble-head: here we went afliore and
recreated our felves with Mufick and a cup of Sack and
faw the Town, about ten at night we retiirned to our
Bark and lay aboard. The

150 foffelyns Accoimt of
The Eleventh being Saturday, and the wind contrary,
we came to Charles-tozv7t, [p. 196.] again about twelve
of the clock we took ftore of Mackarel:
The Thirteenth being Monday, we went aboard again
about nine of the clock in the morning and out to Sea,
about Sun gcoinfj down we took ftore oi Mackarel. The
wind was fcanty all along, and in the night time we durft
not bear much fail, becaufe of the Rocks and foaming
breakers that lay in our way.
The Fourteenth day we came up with Pafcataway, or
Pafcatique, where there is a large River and a fair har
bour, within here is feated a Colony, properly belonging
to the Heirs of Captain Mafon fometime fince oi Lon-
do7i ; but taken into the Colony of Maffachufets, by what
right I will not here difcufs.
The chiefeft places of note are the Bay or Harbour
North from Bofion, on the Weft-fide of the Harbour are
built many fair houfes, and fo in another part called
Strawberry-bank. By the Harbour is an Ifland which of late days is filled
with buildings, befides there are two Towns more feated
up higher upon the River, the one called Dover; the
River-banks are clothed with ftately Timber, and here are
two miles meadow land and arable enough ; the other
town is called Excefier.
[p. 197.] At the River Pafcataway begins the Province
of Main : having pleafed our felves with the fight of Paf
cataway at a diftance we failed on, and came to Black-
point. The Fifteenth day, about eight of the clock at night
where the next day I was flirewdly pinched with a great froft.

Two Voyages to New-England. 151
froft, but having two or three bottles of excellent Paffada,
and good cheer beftowed upon me I made a fhift to bear
it out and now we are In the Province of Main.
The Province of Main, (or the Countrey of the Tra-.
quoes) heretofore called Laco7tia or New-Summerfetfiiire,
is a Colony belonging to the Grandfon of Sir Ferdinando
Gorges of Afiiton Phillips in the County of Sommerfet,
the faid Sir Ferdinando Gorges did expend In planting
feveral parts of New-England above Twenty thoufand
pounds fierling ; and when he was between three and four
fcore years of age did perfonally engage in our Royal
Martyrs fervice ; and particularly in the Seige of Briflow,
and was plundered and imprifoned feveral times, by reafon
whereof he was difcountenanced by the pretended Com
miffioners for forraign plantations, and his Province in
croached upon by the Maffachufets Colony, who affumed
the Government thereof His Majeftie that now Relgn-
eth fent over his [p. 198.] Commiffioners to reduce them
within their bounds, and to put Mr. Gorges again into
"poffeffion. But there falling out a conteft about it the
Commiffioners fettled it in the Kings name (until the bufi-
nefs fliould be determined before his Majeftie) and gave
Commiffions to the Judge of their Courts, and the Juf-
tices to Govern and A6t according to the Laws of Eng
land, & by fuch Laws of their own as were not repugnant
to them ; But as foon as the Commiffioners were returned
for England, the Maffachufets enter the province in a hof-
tile manner with a Troop of Horfe and Foot and turn'd
the Judge and his Affiftants off the Bench, Imprifoned
the Major or Commander of the Militia, threatned the
Judge, and fome others that were faithful to Mr. Gorges
interefts

152 foffelyns Account of
interefts. I could difcover many other foul proceedings,
but for fome reafons which might be given, I conceive it
not convenient to make report thereof to vulgar ears ; &
quce fupra nos nihil ad nos. Onelj'- this I could wifh, that
there might be fome confideration of the great loffes,
charge and labour which hath been fuftained by the
Judge, and fome others for above thirty years in uphold
ing the rights of Mr. Gorge and his Sacred Majefties Do
minion againft a many ftubborn and elufive people.
[p. 199.] Anno Dom. 1623. Mr. Robert Gorge, Sir
Ferdinando . Gorges brother had for his good fervice
granted him by Patent from the Council oi Plimouth all
that part of the Land commonly called Maffachufiack,
fituated on the North-fide of the Bay of Maffachufiets.
Not long after this Sir Ferdinando Gorges had granted
to him by Patent from the middeft of Mem'imack-'Kiver to
the great River Sagadehock, then called Laconia.
In 1635, Capt William Gorge, Sir Ferdinandds
Nephew, was fent over Governour of the Province of
Main, then called New-Sumnurfetfhire.
Sir Ferdinando Gorge received a Charter-Royal from
King Charles the firft the third of April in the Fifttenth
of his Raign, granting to him all that part and portion of
New-England, lying and being between the River oi Paf
cataway, that is, beginning at the entrance oi Pafcataway-
harbour, and fo to pafs up the fame into the River of
Newichawanoe or Neqhechewanck, and through the fame
unto the fartheft head thereof aforefald, North-eafl:ward
along the Sea-coafts, for Sixty miles to Sagadehoc-^\ex
to Renebeck, even as far as the head thereof, and up into
the main land North-weflward for the fpace of one hun
dred

Two Voyages to New-England. 153
dred and twenty [p. 200.] miles. To thefe Territories are
adjoyned the North half-Ifle of Sholes, with feveral other
Iflands, It lyeth between 44 degrees and 45 of Northerly
latitude. 'The River Canada on the North-eaft the Sea
coaft South, amongft many large Royalties, JurifdI6tions
and Immunities was alfo granted to the faid Sir Ferdina7ido
Gorge, the fame Royalties, priviledges and franchifes as
are, or of right ought to be enjoyed by the Bifhop of
Durham in the County Palatine oi Durham; the planters
to pay for every hundred Acres of land yearly, two fliil-
hngs fix pence, that is fuch land as is given to them and
their Heirs for ever.
The Officers by Patent are a Deputy Governour, a
Chancellor, a Treafurer, a Marflial for Souldlers, an Ad-
miraltie for Sea affairs, and a Judge of the Admlraltie, a
Mafter of Ordinance, a Secretary, &c.
Towns there are not many in this province. Rittery
fituated not far from Paficataway is the moft populous.
Next to that Eaftward is feated by a River near the Sea
Gorgiana, a Majoraltle, and the Metropolitan of the prov
ince. Further to the Eaftward is the Town of Wells.
Cape-Porpus Eaftward of that, where Lhere is a Town
by the Sea fide of the fame name, [p. 201.] the houfes
fcatteringly built all thefe Towns have ftore of fait and
frefli marfh with arable land, and are well ftockt with
Cattie. ¦ ~
About eight or nine mile to the Eaft-ward of Cape-Por
pus, is Winter harbour, a noted place for Fifhers,' here
they have many ftages.
Saco adjoyns to this, and both make one fcattering
20 Town

154 foffelyns Accoimt of
Town of large extent well ftored with Cattie, arable land
and marflies, and a Saw-mill.
Six mile to the Eaftward of Saco & forty mile from
Gor-gia7ta is feated the Town oi Black point, confifting of
about fifty dwelling houfes, and a Magazine or Doganne,
fcatteringly built they have ftore of neat and horfes, of
fheep near upon Seven pr Eight hundred, much arable
and marfh fait and frefh, and a Corn-mill.
To the Southward of the point (upon which are ftages
for fifliermen) lye two fmall Iflands beyond the point,
North-eaftward runs the River Spurwinch.
Four miles from Blackpoint, one mile from SpuT^winch-
River Eaftward lyeth Richmans-Ifiand, whofe longitude is
317 degrees 30 feconds, and latitude 43 degrees and 34
minutes, it is three mfle in circumference, and hath a paff
able and gravelly ford on the [p. 202.] North-fide, be
tween the main and the Sea at low- water : here are foilnd
excellent Whetftones, and here likewife are ftages for fifh
ermen. Nine mile Eaftward of Black-point lyeth fcatteringly
the Town of Cafco upon a large Bay, ftored with Cattle,
Sheep, Swine, abundance of marfli and Arable land, a
Corn-mill or two, with ftages for fifliermen.
Further Eaft-ward is the Town oi Renebeck feated upon
the River.
Further" yet Eaft-ward is Sagadehock, where there are
many houfes fcattering, and all along ftages for fifhermen,
thefe too are ftored with Cattle and Com lands.
The mountains and hills that are to be taken notice of,
are firft Acomenticus hills, between Rettery and Gorgiana,
the high hills of Offapey to the Weft-ward of Saco River,where

Two Voyages to New-England. 155
where the princely Pilhanaw Ayries, the white moun
tains, to the North-ward of Black-point, the higheft Ter-
raffe in New-England, you have the defcription of it in
my Treatife of the rarities of New-England.
A Neighbour of mine raflily wandering out after fome
ftray'd Cattle, loft his way, and coming as we conceived
by his Relation near to the head fpring of fome of the
branches of Black-poiiit River or Saco-'^fner, [p. 203.]
light into a Tra(5t of land for God knowes how many
miles full of delfes and dingles, and dangerous precipices.
Rocks and inextricable difficulties which did juftly daunt
yea quite deter him from endeavouring to pafs any fur
ther : many fuch like places are to be met with in New-
England. The ponds or lakes in this province are very large and
many, out of which the great Rivers have their original ;
we read of the lake Balfiena that is thirty males about,
here are that come very near to it, ftored with all forts
of frefli water fifh ; and if you will believ^ report in
one of them huge fifhes like Whales are to be feen, and
fome of them have fair Iflands in them. Twelve mile
from Cafico-bay, and paffable for men and horfes, is a lake
called by the Indians Sebug, on the brink thereof at one
end is the famous Rock fliap'd like a Moofe-Deere or Helk,
Diaphanous, and called the Moofe-Rock. Here are found
ftones like Cryftal, and Lapis Specularis or Mufcovia glais
both white and purple.
On the Eaft-fide of Black-point River, upon a plain,
clofe to the Sea-bank is a pond two mile in compafs, fifti
it produceth, but thofe very fmall and black, and a num
ber of Frogs and Snakes, and much [p. 204.J frequented by

156 foffelyns Accoujit of
by wild-fowl, Z??^c/(-j-, Teal, and wlld-6'ay/«i', and Geefe, ef
pecially fpring and fall when they pafs along to the South
ward, and return again to the North-ward where they
breed. The principal Rivers in the province oi Main, are Paf-
cataway-Kiver, Vork-'River, Re7izbunck-River, near to this
River clay bullets were caft up by a mineral vapour, this
River Is by the Town of Wells. Then Saco-R'iver on the
Eaft-fide of the Town, the fliore Rockie all along on both
fides, where mufick echoes from feveral places : feven
miles up the River is a great fall where abundance of
Salmo7i and Lamprons are taken at the fall ; a great way
up, the River runs upon the Rock, in rupibus defende7ido
efficit rivos, he cutteth out Rivers among the Rocks, faith
fob, of the Almighty, fob 28. 10. A littie above the fall
is a faw-mill. Then Black-point-River divided Into many
branches ; this as moft of the Rivers in New-E7igland, is
bar'd with a bank of Sand, where the hidians take Stur
geon and Baffie. Spur-winck-Ri\er Is next which by his
near approach to Black-point-river maketh that neck of
land almoft an Ifland. Further Eaft-ward is Renebeck-
river fifty leagues off of Nezij-P limouth Eaft-ward, and
P echipf cut iamous [p. 205.] for multitudes of mighty large
Sturgeon. The laft river of the province Eaft-ward is the
great river Sagadehock where Sir fohn Pophams Colony
feated themfelves.
The chief harbours are Capeporpus, Winter harbour,
in which are fome fmall Iflands, Black-point, Richmans-
Ifiand, Cafco-bay the largeft in the province fufl of Iflands.
From. Sagadehock to Nova-Scotia is called the Duke of
Yorkes province, here Pemmaquid, Moniinicus, Mohegan,
Capeanawhagen,

Two Voyages to New-England. 157
¦Capeanawhagen, where Capt. Smith fifht for Whales ;
Mufcataquid, all fill'd with dwelling houfes and ftages for
fifhermen, and have plenty of Cattle, arable land and
marlhes. *
Nova Scotia was fold by the Lord Starling to the
French, and is now wholly in their poffeffion.
Now we are come to New-found-land, which is over
againft the gulf of St. Lawrence, an Ifland near as fpa
cious as Ireland, and lyeth diftant from the Continent as
far as England is from the neareft part oi France, and
near half the way between Ireland and Virginia, its lon
gitude is 334 degrees 20 feconds, and North latitude 46
degrees 30 minutes, or as others will 53 minutes. . The
longitude of places are uncertainly reported, but in latitudes
moft agree, [p. 206.] Longitude is the diftance of the me
ridian of any place from the meridian which paffeth over
the Iftes' of Azores, where the beginning of longitude is faid
to be. The meridian is a great circle dividing the Equi-
noClial at right Angles into two equal parts, paffing alfo
through both the Poles, and the Zenith, to which circle the
Sun coming twice every 24 hours, maketh the middle of the
day, and the middle of the night. Every place hath a fev
eral meridian, but they all meet i7t the poles of the world.
Latitude is counted from the Equino£lial to the end of 30
degrees on each fide thereof The EquinoClial is a great
circle imagined in the Heavens, alfo dividing the heavens
into two equal parts, and lying jufi in the middle betwixt
the two poles, being in compafs from Wefi to Eafi, 360 de
grees, every degree thereof on the terreftrial Globe valuing
20 Englifh miles, \leagues ? ] or 60 miles.
Into the Bay of St. Lawrence the River of St Lawrence or

158 foffelyris Account of
or Canada difimbogues it felf, a River far exceeding any
River in the elder worid, thirty or forty mile over at the
mouth, and in the Channel one hundred fathom deep ; it
runs on the back-fide of New-Engla7id and Virginia : the
French (it is faid) have gone up fix weeks voyage in it,
and have not yet difcovered the fpring-head : the longi
tude is 334 degrees [p. 207.] 11 feconds, in 50 degrees 21
minutes of North latitude. This may fatisfie a modeft
Reader, and I hope yield no offence to any. I fhall onely
fpeak a .word or two of the people in the province of
Main and the Dukes province, and fo conclude.
The people in the province oi Main may be divided
into Magiflrates, Husbandmen, or Planters, and fifher
men ; of the Magiftrates fome be Royallfts, the reft per-
verfe Spirits, the like are the planters and fifliers, of which
fome be planters and fifhers bdth, others meer fifliers.
Handicrafts-men there are but few, the Tumelor or
Cooper, Smiths and Carpenters are beft welcome
amongft them, fhop-keepers there are none, being fup-,
plied by the Maffachufets Merchants with all things they
ftand in need of, keeping here and there fair Magazines
ftored with E7iglifh goods, but they fet exceffive prices on
them, if they do not gain Cent per Cent, they cry out that
they are lofers, hence Englifh fhooes are fold for Eight
and Nine fhillings a pair, worfted ftockins of Three fhil
lings fix pence a pair, for Seven and Eight fhillings a pair,
Douglafs that is fold in England for one or two and
twenty pence an ell, for four fhlUings a yard. Serges of
two fhillings or three fhillings a yard, for Six and Seven
[p. 208.] fhillings a yard, and fo all forts of Commodities
both for planters and fifhermen, as Cables, Cordage,
' Anchors,

Two Voyages to New-England. 159
Anchors, Lines, Hooks, Nets, Canvas for fails, &c. Bis-
ket twenty five fhillings a hundred, Salt at an exceffive
rate, pickled-herrin for winter bait Four and five pound a
barrel (with which they fpeed not fo well as the waggifh
lad at Cape-porpus, who baited his hooks with the drown'd
Negro s buttocks) fo for Pork and Beef
The planters are or fhould be reftlefs pains takers, pro
viding for their Cattle, planting and fowing of Corn, fenc
ing their grounds, cutting and bringing home fuel, cleav
ing of claw-board and pipe-ftaves, fifhing for frefli water
fifh and fowling takes up moft of their time, if not all; the
diligent hand maketh rich, but if they be of a droanlfli
difpofition as fome are, they become wretchedly poor and
miferable, fcarce able to free themfelves and family from
importunate famine, efpecially in the winter for want of
bread. They have a cuftom of taking Tobacco, fleeping at
noon, fitting long at meals fome-times four times in a day,
and now and then drinking a dram of the bottle extraor
dinarily : the fmoaking of Tobacco, if moderately ufed
refrefheth the weary much, and fo doth fleep.
[p, 209.] A Traveller five hours doth crave
To fleep, a Student feven will have, \
And nine fleeps every Idle k7tave.
The Phyfitian allowes but three draughts at a meal, the
firfl for need, the fecond for pleafure, and the third for
fleep ; but littie obferved by them, unlefs they have no
other liquor to drink but v/ater. In fome places where
the fprings are frozen up, or at leaft the way to their
fprings made unpaffable by reafon of the fnow and the
like.

i6o foffelyns Account of
like, they drefs their meat in Aqua Cceleftis, i. e. melted
fnow, at other times it is very well' cook't, and they feed
upon (generally) as good flefli, Beef Pork, Mutton, Fowl
and fifli as any Is in the whole world befides.
Their Servants which are for the moft part Engliffi,
when they are out of their time, will not work under half
a Crown a day, although it be for to make hay, and for
lefs r do not fee how they can, by reafon of the dearnefs
of clothing. If they hire them by the year, they pay
them Fourteen or Fifteen pound, yea Twenty pound at
. the years end in Corn, Cattie and fifli : fome of thefe
prove excellent fowlers, bringing in as many as will main
tain their mafters houfe ; befides the profit that accrews
by their feathers, [p. 210.] They ufe (when it is to be
had) a great round fhot, called Barftable fhot (which is
beft for fowl) made of a lead blacker than our common
lead, to fix pound of fhot they allow one pound of pow
der. Cannon powder is efteemed beft.
The fifliermen take yearly upon the coafts many hun
dred kentals of Cod, hake, haddock, polluck &c. which
they fplit fait and dry at their ftages, making three voy
ages in a year. When they fhare their fifli (which is at the
end of every voyage) they feparate the beft from the worft,
the firft they call Merchantable fifh, being found, full grown
fifh and well made up, which is known when it is clear
like a Lanthorn horn and without fpots ; thfe fecond fort
they call refufe fifh, that Is fuch as is fait bumt fpotted,
rotten, and carelefly ordered : thefe they put off" to the
Maffachufets Merchants ; the merchantable for thirty and
two and thirty ryals a kental, (a kental is an hundred and
twelve pound weight) the refufe for Nine fhilhngs and
¦'^.-r''f:. ¦ '. ' . • ¦¦- Ten

Two Voyages to Nezv-England. i6l
Ten fhillings a kental, the Merchant fends the merchant
able filh to Lisbo7tne, Bilbo, Burdeaux, Marfiles, Talloo}t,
Rochel, Roan, and other Cities of Fra7ice, to the Ca7iaries
with claw^board and pipe-ftaves which Is there and at the
Charibs a prime Commodity: the refufe fifli they put [p.
211.] off at the Charib-Ifiands, Barbadoes, famaica, &c.
who feed their Negroes with it.
To every Shallop belong four fifliermen, a Mafter or
Steerfman, a Midflilp-man, and a Foremaft-man, and a
fhore man who waflies it out of the fait, and dries it upon
hurdles pitcht upon ftakes breaft high and tends their
Cookery ; thefe often get in one voyage Eight or Nine
pound . a man for their fhares, but it doth fome of them
little good, for the Merchant to increafe his gains by put
ting off his Commodity in the midft of their voyages, and
at the end thereof comes in with a walking Tavern, a
Bark laden with the Legitimate bloud of the rich grape,
which they bring from Phial, Madera, Canaries, with
Brandy, Rhum, the Barbadoes firong-water, and Tobacco,
coming afliore he gives them a tafter or two, which fo
charms them, that for no perfwafions that their imployers
can ufe will they go out to Sea, although fair and feafon-
able weather, for 'two or three days, nay fometimes a
whole week till they are wearied with drinking, taking
afhore two or three Hogfheads of Wine and Rhum to
drink off when the Merchant is gone. Jf a man of qual
ity chance to come where they are roy^ering and gulling
in Wine with a dear felicity, he muft be fociable and Roly-
poly with them, taking off [p. 212] their liberal cups as
freely, or elfe be gone, which is beft for him, for when
Wine in their guts is at full Tide, they quarrel, fight and
21 do

1 62 foffelyris Account of
do one another mifchief; which is the conclufion of their
drunken Compotations. When the day of payment comes,
they may juftly complain of their coftly fin of drunken
nefs, for their fliares wiU do no more than pay the reck
oning ; if they fave a Kental or two to buy fhooes and
ftockins, fliirts and waftcoats with, 'tis well, other-wayes
they muft enter into the Merchants books for fuch things
as they ftand in need off, becoming thereby the Merchants
ftaves, & when it rifeth to a big fum are conftralned to
mortgage their plantation if they have any, the Merchant
when the time is expired is fure to feize upon their plan
tation and ftock of Cattle, turning them out of houfe and
home, poor Creatures, to look out for a new habitation in
fome remote place where they begin the world again.
The lavifh planters have the fame fate, partaking with
them in the like bad husbandry, of thefe the Merchant
buys Beef, Pork, Peafe, Wheat and Indian Corn, and fells
it again many times to the fifhermen. Of the fame na
ture are the people in the Dukes province, who not long
before I left the Countrey petitioned the Govemour and
Magiftrates in [p. 213.] the Maffachufets to take them
into their Government, Birds of a feather will ralley to

gether.

Anno Dom. 1671. The year being now well fpent, and
the Government of the province turned topfiturvy, being
heartily weary and expeding the approach of winter, I
took my leave of my friends at Black-point. And on the
28 of Augufi being Monday I fhipt my felf and my goods
aboard of a fhallop bound for Bofion: towards Sun-fet
the wind being contrary, we put into Gibbons his Ifland,
a fmall Ifland in Winter-harbour about two leagues from
Black-

Two Voyages to New-E7igland. 163
Black-point Weft-ward, here we ftayed till the 30. day be
ing Wednefday, about nine of the clock we fet fail, and
towards Sun-fet came up with Gorgia?ia, the 3 1 day being
Thurfday we put Into Cape- A nn-harhour about Sun-fet
September the i being Saturday in the morning before
day we fet fail and came to Bofton about three of the
clock in the afternoon, where I found the Inhabitants
exceedingly afifllded with griping of the guts, and Fea
ver, and Ague, and bloudy Flux.
The Eight day of October being Wednefday, I boarded
the new-Supply of Bofton 120 Tun, a fhip of better fail
than defence, her Guns being fmall, and for falutation
only, the Mafter Capt. Fairweather, her [p. 214.] failers
16. and as many paffengers. Towards night I returned
to Bofton again, the next day being Thankfglving day, on
Fryday the Tenth day we weighed Anchor and fell down
to Hull.
The 1 2 and 1 3 day about 20 leagues from Cape-Sable a
bitter ftorm took us, beginning at feven of the clock at
night, which put us in terrible fear of being driven upon
the Cape, or the Ifland of Sables where many a tall fhip
hath been wrackt
November the One and twenty about two of the clock
aftemoon we faw within kenning before us thick clouds,
which put us in hope of land, the Bofon brings out his
purfe, into which the paffengers put their good will, then
prefentiy he nails it to the main-maft, up go the boyes to
the main-maft-top fitting there like fo many Crowes, when
after a while one of them cryes out land, which was glad
tidings to the wearied paffengers, the boyes defcend, and
the purfe being taken from the maft was diftributed amongft

164 foffelyns Account of two Voyages to New-E7igland.
amongft them, the lad that firft defcryed land having a
double fhare : about three of th'e clock Scilly was three
leagues off.
The Four and twentieth day we came to Deal, from
thence the 25. to Lee, the 26. being Sunday we fteemed
the Tide to Gravefend, about two of the clock [p. 215.]
afternoon. The 27 we came up with Wollich where I
landed and refreflit my felf for that night next day I
footed it four or . five miles to Bexley in Rent to vifit a
near kinfman, the next day proved ralnie, the 30 day be
ing Fryday my kinfman accommodated me with a Horfe
and his man to Greenwich, where I took a pair of Oars
and went aboard our Ship then lying before Radcliff, here
I lay that night Next day being Saturday, and the firft
of December I cleared my goods, fhot the bridge and
landed at the Temple about feven of the clock at night
which makes my voyage homeward 7 weeks and four
days, and from my firft fetting out from London to my
retuming to London again Eight years Six moneths and
odd days.
Now by the merciful providence of the Almlght}', hav
ing perform 'd Two voyages to the North-eaft parts of the
Weftern-world, I am fafely arrived in my Native Coun
trey; having in part made good the French proverb.
Travail where thou canft, but dye where thou oughteft,
that is, in thine own Countrey.

FINIS

Chronological
OBSERVATIONS

OF

AMERICA,
From the year of the World
to the year of Chrift,
1673.

LONDON:
Printed for Giles fViddowes, at the Greefi-
Dragon in St. Prt2//'i-Church-yard, 1674.

The Preface.

1^'^'^ ^^^^g^^z«/ World is by mir learned Geogra-
^ iM ^^^^^'-^ divided into four parts, Europe, Afia,
vIjhX^ Africa and America fo 7iamed fro7n Americus
Vefpucius the Florentine, Seven years after Columbus ;
although Columbus cmd Cabota deferved rather the ho7iour
of being Godfathers to it : notwithfiandmg by this name it
is now k7tow7i to us, but was zitterly unknown to the An
cient Europeans before their times, I will not fay to the
Africans and Afia7is, for Pkito in his Timeus relateth of
a great Ifland called Atlantis, and Philo the few in his
book De 7nu7ido, that it was over-flowen with water, by
reafon of a mighty Earthquake ; The like happened to it
600 years before P/(a;/^ : thus was the A tlantick Ocean,
caufed to be a Sea, if you will believe the fame Philofopher,
who fiouriftied -^^6 years before the Birth of our Saviour.
America is bounded on the South with the fireight of
Magellan, where there are ma7ty Ifiands difiinguifiied by an
inte flowing Bay; the Wefi with the pacifique Sea, or mare-
del-zur, which Sea runs towards the North, feparateing it
from the Eaft parts of Afia ; on the Eaft with the Atlan-
tick, or our Wefiern Ocean called mare-del-Nort ; and on
the North with the Sea that feparateth it froTn Groveland,
thorow which Seas the fuppofed paffage to China lyeth ;
thefe North parts, as yet are but barely difcovered by our
voyagers. ' The

1 68 The Preface.
The length of this nezv World between the flreights of
Anian. and Magellan is 2400 German miles, in breadth
between Cabo de fortuna near the Anian flreights is 1300
German miles. About 18 leagues -from Nombre de dios,
on the South-Sea lyeth Panama {a City havi7ig three fair
Monafleries m it) where the narrowefl part of the Coun
trey is, it is much lefs than Afia, and far bigger than
Europe, and as the refl of the world divided into Iflands
and Contine7it, the . Continent fuppofed to contain about
1 152400000 Acres.
The Native people T have fpoken of already : The dificov-
e7'ers and Planters of Colonies, efpecially i7i the Nortli-eaft
parts ; together with a continuation of the proceedings of
the Englifh in New-England, from the firfi year of their
fettling there to purpofe, to this prefent year of our Lo7'd
1673. with Tnany other things by the way inferted and
worth the obferving I prefe7it unto your view' in this enfu-
i7ic[ Table.

ip^p^p^p^p^p^p^

Anno Mu7idi, 3720.
BRitain known to the Grcecians as appeared by Polyb-
ius the Greek Hlftorian 265 years before the Birth
of our Saviour, & after him Athe7icsus a Greek Author ol
good account 1 70 before Chrift, relateth that Hiero fenf
for a maft for a great Ship that he had built to Britai7i.
3740.
Hanno the Carthaginian flouriflied, who fent to dif
cover the great Ifland Atlantis, i. e. America.
3873-
Britain unknown to the Romans was firft difcovered to
them by fulius Ccefar, 54 years before the Birth of Chrift,
who took it to be part of the Continent of France, and
got nothing but the fight of that part called afterwards
England, which is the South of Britain.
Anno Domini, 86.
Britain difcovered to be an Ifland, and conquered by
fulius Agricola 1 36. years after yulius Ccefars entrance
into it 99-
[p. 224.] The Emperour Trajan flouriflied and ftretched
the Confines of the Roman Empire, unto the remoteft
Dominions of the Eafi-Indies, who never before that time
had heard of a Roman. 745-
Boniface Bifhop of Mens a City in Germany, was ac-
cufed before Pope Zachary in the time of Etltelred King
22 of

170 Joffelyn's Chronological
of the Eafi-Angles for Herefie, .&c. in that he averred
there were Antipodes. St Augtfti7ie and La6lantius
opinion was that there were none.
827.
Egbert the Saxon Monarch changed the name of the
people in E7igland, and called them Englifit-men.
844.
The Turks or Scythians came from thence in the time
of Ethelwolf King of the Weft-Saxons. If the Ottoman-
line fhould fafl, the Chrim Tartar is to fucceed, being
both of one Family. 959-
Edgar Sirnamed the Peaceable, the 30 Monarch of the
Englifh, caufed the Wolves to be deftroyed by impofing a
Tribute upon the Princes of Wales ; and Fage Prince of
Nortli-Wales paid him yearly 300 Wolves, [p. 227.] which
continued three years fpace, in the fourth year there was
not a Wolf to be found, and fo the Tribute ceafed.
1 1 60.
In the Emperours Frederick Barbaroffa's time, certain
Weft-Indians came into Germany. 1 1 70.
- Madoc the Son of Owe7t Gwineth Prince of North-
Wales his voyage to the Weft-Indies, he planted a Colony
in the Weftem part of the Countrey, in our Henry the
Seconds Raign. 1 300.
Flavio oi Malphi in Naples invented the Compafs in
our Edward the firfts time.
•:~^— ¦- -' 1230.
The Canaries difcovered by an Engliffi Ship. 1337-

Obfervations of America. 171
1337-
In Edward the third's time a Comet appeared, contin
uing 30 days. 1344-
Machan an Englifft-man accidentally difcovered Ma-
dera-Iftand. 1350.
Eftotiland difcovered by fifhermen of Freez-land, in Ed
ward the third's Raign. 1360.
The Vranciican-Yryer Nicholas de Linno, [p. 228.] who
is faid to difcover the Pole by his black Art went thither
in the Raign of Edward the Third.
1372.
Sir John Mandivel, the, Great Traveller dyed at Leige
a City in the Netherland Provinces in Edward the Third's
Raign. 1380.
Nicholas and Antonio Zeni, two Noble Gentlemen of
Venice were driven by Tempeft upon the Ifland of Eftoti
land or Gronland, in our Edward the Third's Raign.
1417.
The Canaries conquered by Betan-Court a Frenchman.
1420.
The- Ifland of Madera difcovered in our Henry the
Fifth's time. 1428,
The Ifland Puerto Santo, or Holyf)ort diftant from
Madera 40 miles, difcovered by Portingal Mariners on
All-hallowes-day, and therefore called Holy-port, it is in
compafs 150 miles, in Henry the Sixth's Raign. 1440.

172 foffelyns Chronological
¦ - . 1440. -
The Ifland of Cape de verd difcovered.
1452. .
"The Marine parts of Guinea difcovered by the Portirir-
gals in Henry the Sixth's Raign. 1478.
[p, 229.] Ferdinando firft Monarch of all Spain.
1485-
Henry the Seventh began to Raign,
i486,
-The Kingdom oi Angola and Congo, with the Iflands
of St, George, St yames and St. Helens difcovered,
¦.;^ 1488,
Chriftopher Columbus a Genouefie offered the difcovery
of the Wefi-Indies to Henry the Seventh,
1492,
Chriftopher Columbus fent to difcover the Weft-Indies
by Ferdinando King of Arragon, and Ifabella Queen of
Cqftile, who defcended from Edward the Third King of
England. -The Caribby-Ifiands the Antilles or Canibal, or Came-
rean-Ifiands now difcovered by Chriftopher Columbus, who
took poffeffion of Florida and Hifpaniola for the King of
Spain. . ,
Af 1493- - ' - ' -J^'.^
¦^g Alexander the Sixt Pope oi Rome a Spaniard, took
upon him to divide tiie world by his BuU, betwixt the
Portingal and ihe Spaniard, hearing date the fourth of
May, giving to the one the Eaft, and to the other the
"WeH-Indies.
:.i. [p. 230,] St fean Porto Rico difcovered hy (Ohrifiopher
"- Columbus,

Obfervations of America. 173
Columbus, Cuba and famaica difcovered by him, this was
his fecond voyage, H95-
Sebaftian Cabota the firft that attempted to .difcover the
North-weft paffage at the charge oi Henry the Seventh,
1497.
Chriftopher Columbus his third voyage to the Wei}i-In-
dies, and now he difcovered the Countreys of Paria and
Cumana, with the Iflands of Cubagua and Margarita.
fohn Cabota and his Son Sebaftian Cabota fent by
Henry the 6"eventh, to difcover the Wefi-hidies, which
they performed from the Cape of Florida to the 67 degree
and a half of Northerly latitude, being faid by fome to be
the firft that difcovered Florida, Virginia, and New-found-
land. Vafques de Gama his voyage to Africa.
1500.
Chriftopher Columbus his fourth and laft voyage to the
Weft-Indies. fafper Corteriaglis a Portugal, his voyage to difcover
the North- Weft paffage, he difcovered Greenland, or Terra
Corteriaglis, or Terra di Laborodoro. 1501.
Americus Vefputius a Florentine imployed by the King
of Cqftile and Portingal, to difcover [p. 231.] the Wefl-
Indies, named from him Seven year after Columbus,
America. 1506.
Chriftopher Columbus dyed. 1508.
Henry the Seventh dyed Augtfl the Two and twentieth. Henry

1/4 Joffelyn's Chronological
Henry the Eighth King of England.
1514.
Sebaflian Cabota, the Son oifohn niade further difcov
ery of all the North-eaft coafts from Cape Florida to New
foundland, and Terra Laborador. 1516.
The voyage of Sir Thomas Pert VIce-Admlral of Eng
land, and Sebaflian Cabota, the Eighth of Henry the
Eighth to Brafll, St Domingo, and St Juan de puerto
rico. * 1520.
Ferdinando Magellano a noble Portingal fet forth to
fail about the world, but was 1521 unfortunately flain.
1522,
The Bermuduz-Ifle 400 in number, being 500 miles
diftant from Virginia, and 3300 miles from the City of
London in the latitude 32 degrees and 30 minutes, difcov
ered now accidentally by John Bermuduz a Spaniard.
1523-
[p, 232,] Stephen Gomez his voyage to difcover the
North-weft paffage, fome will have it in Twenty five.
1527.
New-foundland difcovered by one Andrew Thorn, the
Southern part but 600 leagues from England.
John de Ponce for the Spaniard took poffeffion oi Flor
ida. 1528.
Nevis or Mevis planted now according to fome writers.
¦ ^'A.' 1534-
Califormia queftioned, whether Ifland or ContineAt,
firft difcovered by the Spaniards
Nova

Obfervations of America. 175
Nova Francia l}"ing between the 40 and 50 degree of
the Artie-poles Altitude difcovered by faques Carthier in
his firfl voyage, the firft Colony planted in Canada.
1536.
The Puritan-Church policy began now in Geneva.
1542.
Monfieur du Barvals voyage to Nova Francia, fent to
inhabite thofe parts. 1548.
^ Henry the Eighth dyed.
Edward tine Sixth King oi England hegan to Raign.
[p. 233.] Sebafiian Cabota made grand Pilot oi England
by Edward the Sixth. 1550-
The fweating ficknefs in England.
1553-
Edward the Sixth dyed.
Mary Queen oi England he^n to Raign.
Sir Hugh Willoughby, and all his men in two Ships in
his firfl attempt to difcover the North-eaft paffage, were
in O£lober frozen to death in the Haven called Arzima in
Lapland. 1558.
Queen Mary dyed.
Elizabeth Queen oi England began to Raign NovcTn-
ber the Seventeenth. 1560.
Salvaterra a Spaniard his voyage to the North-weft
paffage, 1562.
Sir fohn Hawkins firft voyage to the Wefi-Indies. The

176 foffelyris Chronological
The firft expedition of the French into Florida, under
taken by fohn Ribald. 1565-
Tobacco firft brought into Engla7id hy Sir fohn Haw
kins, but it was firft brought into ufe by Sir Walter Raw
leigh many years after. 1566.
The Puritans began to appear in England.
1569.
[p. 234-] Anthony fenkinfon the firft of the Englfh that
failed through the Cafpian-Sea. 1572.
Private Presbyteries now firft erecfled in England.
Sir Francis Drakes firft voyage to the Weft-Indies.
1573-
The Hollanders feek for aid from Queen Elizabeth.
1576,
Sir Martin Frobifher the firfl in Queen Elizabeths days
that fought for the North-wefl paffage, or the flreight, or
paffage to China, and meta incognita, in three feveral voy
ages, others will have it in 1577.
1577-
November the 1 7 Sir Francis Drake began his voyage
about the world with five Ships, and 164 men fetting fail
from Plimouth, putting off" Cape de verde. The begin
ning of February, he faw no Land till the fifth of April,
being pafl the line 30 degrees of latitude, and in the 36
degree entered the River Plates, whence he fell with the
flreight of Magellan the 2 1 of Augufi, which with three
of his Ships he paffed, having cafl off" the other two as
impediments to him, and the Marigold toffed from her
General

Obfervations of A^nerica. I'jj
General after [p. 235.] paffage was no more feen. The
other commanded by Capt. Winter fhaken off alfo by
Tempeft, returned thorow the Streights and recovered
E7igland, only the Pellican, whereof himfelf was Admiral,
held on her courfe to Chile, Coquimbo, Cinnama, Palma,
Lima, upon the weft of America, where he paffed the line
1579 the firft day of March, and fo forth until he came to
the latitude 47. Thinking by thofe North Seas to have
¦ found paffage to England, but fogs, frofts and cold winds
¦forced him to turn his courfe South-weft from thence, and
came to Anchor 38 degrees from the line, where the King
of that Countrey prefented him his Net-work Crown of
many coloured feathers, and therewith refigned his Scep
ter of Government unto his Dominion, which Countrey
Sir Francis Drake took poffeffion of in the Queens name,
and named it Nova Albion, which is thought to be part
of the Ifland of Califormia.
Sir Martin Frobifher s fecond voyage.
1578.
Sir Humphrey Gilbert a Devon/hire Knight attempted
to difcover Virginia, but without fuccefs.
Sir Martin Frobiftter's third voyage to Meta incognita.
Freezeland now called Wefl-E7igland, 25 leagues in lengtii,
in the latitude of 57.
[p. 236.] Sir Francis Drake now paffed the Streights
of Magellan in the Ship called tiie Pellican.
1579-
Sir Francis Drake difcovered l^ova Albion m the South-
Sea. Others will have Sir Martin Frobiffier's firil voyage to
difcover the North-weft paffage to be tiiis year.
13 1580.

178 foffelyris Chronological
¦1580.
From Ncz/a Albion he fell with Teriiate, one of the Ifles
of Molucco, being courteoufly entertained of the King,
and from thence he came unto the Ifles of Calebes, to
yava Major, to Cape buona fperanza, and fell with the
coafts of Guinea, where crolfing again the line, he came
to the height of the Azores, and thence to England upon
the third- of 'November 1580. after three years lacking.
twelve days, and was Kriighted, and his Ship laid up at
Deptford as a monument of his fame.
1581.
The Provinces of Holland again feek for aid to the
Queen of England. ; . .-
1582,
¦Sir Humphrey Gilbert took poffeffion oi New-foundland
or Terra Nova, in the harbour of St fohn, for and in the
name of [p. 237.] Queen Elizabeth, it lyeth over againft
the gulf of St Lawrence, and is between 46 and 53 de
grees of the North-poles Altitude. 1583.
Sir Walter Rawleigh in Ireland. ¦' ,-
Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempted a plantation in fome
remote parts in '^ew-England.
He periflied in his return from ^ew-foundland.
1584.
The woful year of fubfcription fo called by the Breth
ren, or Difciplinarians. -^' . ¦
-Sir Walter Rawleigh obtained of Queen Elizabeth a
Patent for tiie difcovery and peopling of unknown Coun
tries, not adually poffeffed by any Chriftlan Prince.
Dated March 25, in the fix and twentieth of her Raign, :
April

Obfervations of America. 179
April the 27 following, he fet forth two Barkes under
the Corfimand of Mr. Philip Amedas and Mr, Arthur
Barlow, who arrived on that part of America, which that
Virgin <Queen named Virgiiiia, and thereof in her Maj
esties name took "poiieiiionfuly the Thirteenth,
1585- _
Cautionary Towns and Forts in the low-Countreys de
livered unto Queen Elizabeths hands.
Sir Richard Greenvile was fent by Sir [p, 238.] Walter
Rawleigh April the Ninth, with a Fleet of 7 fail to Vir
ginia, and was ftiled the General of Virginia. He landed
in the Ifland of St. fohn de porto Rico May the Twelfth,
and there fortified themfelves and built a Pinnaffe, &c.
In Virginia they left 100 men under the Government of
Mr. Ralph Lane, and others.
Sir Francis Drake's voyage to the Weft-Indies, wherein
were taken the Cities of St. fago, St. Domingo Cartagena,
and the Town of St. Auguftine in Florida.
Now (fay fome) Tobacco was firft brought into Eng
land by Mr. Ralph Lane out of Virgi7iia.
Others win have Tobacco to be firft brought into Eng
land from Peru, by Sir Francis Drake's Mariners.
Capt fohn 'Davies firft voyage to difcover the North-
weft paffage, encouraged by Sir Francis Walfingham,
principal Secretary. 15861
Mr. Thomas Candiffi of Trimely, in the County of Suf
folk Efq, began his voyage in the fhip called the Defire,
and two ftiips more to the South-^ea through the
Streights of Magellan (and from thence round about the
circumference of the whole earth) bumt and ranfack'd in
the

i8o foffely7is Chronological ¦
the entrance of Chile, [p. 239.] Peru and new-Spai7t, near
the great Ifland oi Calformia iii the South-Sea; and re
turned to Plimouth with a pretious booty 1588. September
the Eighth, being the Third fince Magellan, that circuited
the earth, our Engliffi voyagers were never out-ftript by
any. The Natives in Virginia confpired againft the Engliffi.
The fame year Sir Richard Greenvile General of Vir
ginia arrived there with three fhips, bringing relief from
Sir Walter Rawleigh to the Colony.
Mr. fohn Davies fecond voyage to difcover the North-
wefl paffage. 1587.
Sir Walter Rawleigh fent another Colony of 150 per
fons under the Government of Mr, fohn White.
Mr, fohn Davies third voyage to difcover the North-
wefl paffage.
Sir Francis Drake, with four fliips took from the Span
iards one milhon, 189200 Ducats in one voyage.
1588.
Queen 'Elizabeth oppofed her Authority againfl the
Brethrens books and writings.
Sir Yrancis Drake Vice-Admiral of the Englifft Fleet
the Lord-Admiral beflowed the order of Knight-hood
upon Mr. fohn [p. 240.] Hawkins, Martin Forbifher and
others, fuly the Five and*twentieth.
- The Spanifh Armado defeated, confifling of 130 fhips,
wherein were 19290 Souldlers, 2080 chained Rowers,
2630 great Ordnance, Commanded by Perezius Guzman
Duke of Medina Sedonia, and under him fohannes Mar-
tinus Recaldus a great Seaman ; The Fleet coming on
like

Obfervations of America. i8i
like a half-moon, the horns of the front extending one
from the other about 7 miles afunder, it was preparino- 1 5
years, and was blackt to make it feem more terrible.
1589.
The Portingal voyage under the condudl of Sir Yran-
cis Drake.
Mr. Thomas Ca7idiffi now finifhed his voyage about the
world, as fome will have it
• ¦ 1590-
Now Tobacco firft ufed in England, as fome will have
it 1591-
The firft Englifiiman that ever was in the Bermuduze
or Summer-Ifia7ids, was one Henry May.
The voyage of Capt. Newport to the Weft-Indies, where
upon the coaft of Hifpaniola, he took and burnt three
Towns, and Nineteen fail of fhips and Frigats.
Mr. Thomas Candiffi laft voyage, in which he dyed.
1593-
[p. 241.] Sir Martin Yrobiffier Commander of the Eng
lifh Fleet flain in the quarrel of H. King of Navarr.
The laft voyage of Sir Yrancis Drake, and Sir fohn
Hawkins to the Wefi-hidies with fix fhips of the Queens,
and twelve other flilps and Barks containing 2400 men
and boyes, in which voyage they both dyed, and Sir
'Yrancis Drake's Coffen was thrown overboard near Porto
bello. 1594-
SixRobert Duddeley's voyage to Trinadad, and the coaft
of Paria.
Mr. fames Lancqfters voyage to Yernambuck the port
Town

1 82 foffielyn's Chronological
Town of Olinda in Brazil, in which voyage he took 29
fhips and Frigats, furprized the faid port Town, and there
found the Cargazon or fraught of a rich hidian Carack,
which together with great abundance of Sugars and Cot
tons he brought from thence ; lading therewith fifteen
fail of tall fhips and barks. 1595.
The voyage of Sir Amias Prefion, 8c Capt George Som
mers to the Wefi-Indies, where they took, fackt fpoiled and
abandoned the Ifland of Puerto Santo, the Ifland of Cock
near [p. 242.] Margarita, the Fort and Town of Coro, the
ftately City of St yago de leon, and the Town of Cumana
ranfomed, and yamaica entered. -
Sir Walter Rawleigh's voyage now to Guiana, difcov
ered by him. In which voyage he took St fofeph a Town
upon Trinidado. ¦ --
The Sabbatarian doflrine pubhfhed by the Brethren.
1596.
The voyage to Cadez, Sir Walter Rawleigh Rere-Ad-
miral. The voyage of Sir Anthony Sherley intended for the
Ifland of St Tome, but performed to St fago, Dominga,
Margarita, along the coaft of Terra Firma to the Ifland
oi famaica, fituated between 17 and 18 degrees of the
North-poles elevation (which he conquered, but held it
not long) from thence to the bay of Hondurus, 30 leagues
up Rio dolce, and homeward by New-found-land.
1597-
The voyage to the Azores, Sir Walter Rawleigh Capt
of the Queens Guard Rere-Admiral.
Porto Rico, taken by the Earl of Cttmberland. j.
1599-

Obfirvations of America. 183
1599-
The Grand Canary taken by the Dutch Commander
Vanderdoes. 1600.
[p. 243.] The Colonies in Virginia fupplyed by publick
purfe. 1602.
Queen Elizabeth dyed March the Four and twentieth.
King fames began to Raign.
The North parts of Virgi7iia, i. e. New-England fur
ther difcovered by Capt Bartholomew Gofnold, fome will
have him to be the firft difcoverer.
Capt George Wey7nouth's voyage to difcover the North-
weft paffage.
Divers of our Eitglffi in the North of England entered
into a Covenant of worfhipping of God.
1603.
King fames came into England, the fifth of April.
Monfieur Champlai7is voyage to Canada.
November the feventeenth Sir Walter Rawleigh Ar
raigned and Condemned. 1604.
Monfieur du Point and du Monts voyage to Canada.
1605.
Monfieur du Point and du Monts remove the French
habitation to Port-RoyaL
fames Halle's voyage to Groenland, and to find out the
North-weft paffage. 1606.
[p. 244.] The province of Main poffeffed by the Eng
liffi by publick Authority King fanus. Sir fohn Popham,
&c. A

184 foffelyris Ckronobgical
A Colony firft fent to ¦New-E7igland by Sir fohn Pop
ham chief Juftlce of the Common pleas.
fames-town founded in Virginia.
' James Halls fecond voyage, to find out the North-weft
paffage. Mr. John Rnight his North-weft voyage, loft his fliip
funk by the Ice.
A Colony fent to Virginia, caUed by the Indians Win-
gandacoa, the firft that took firm poffeffion there.
1607.
Plimouth Plantation in New-England attempted.
St Georges Fort built at the mouth of the River Saga
dahoc, under the Prefidency of Capt George Popham and
Capt Ralph Gilbert, who built the Fort.
fames Halls third voyage to find out the North-weft
paffage, Hudfons firft voyage to find out the North-weft paffage,
1608.
Virginia planted.
A Colony fent to New-found-land.
[p, 245.] Capt John Smith fifhed now for Whales at
Monhiggen. Hudfons fecond voyage to the North-weft met a Mer
maid in the Sea. That there be fuch Creatures fee Plinie,
Albertus Magnus, Ariftotle, Elian, Theodorus Gaza, Al
exander oi Alexandria, Gorgius Trapozenfius, ful. Scali-
ger. Stows Annals in Anno Dom. 1204. at Oreford in
Suffolk a Mareman taken. .;¦
ti^fi:- - - ' 1609. - -'-'^^
Sir Thomas Gales and Sir George SumTners going to
Virginia, fufifered fhipwrack upon the Bermudos-Iftands
where they continued till 1 6 10,
* ' Htidfons

Obfervatio7is of A7nerica. 185
Hudfons third voyage to New-found-land difcovered
Mohegan-Rxver in New-E7igland.
The^ Dutch fet down by Mohegan-^x^er.
1 6 10.
Capt Whitburns voyage to difcover the North-weft paf
fage, faw a Mermaid in the harbour of St fohns at Nezv-
found-land by the River fide,
Hudfo7is laft and fatal voyage to difcover the North-
weft paffage, where he was frozen to death.
Dales-gift founded in Virginia.
Sundry of the Englifti nation removed out of the North
of Yngland into the Netherlands, and gathered a Church
at Ley den, where they continued until the year 1620,
1611,
[p, 246.] Sir Thomas Dale Governour of Virginia.
The famous Arch-Pirate Peter Yafton.
1612.
Bermudus firft planted, and Mr, R. Moore fent over
Governour, the firft that planted a Colony in the Bermu
dus. ya7nes Halls fourth voyage to difcover the North weft
paffage, was flain by the Savages,
Capt Buttons voyage to difcover the North-weft pafl'age.
1613.
Port-Royal deftroyed by Sir Samuel Argol Govemour
of Virgi7iia.
Mr. yohn Rolf a Gentleman of good behaviour feU in
love with Pocahontas, the only Daughter of Powhaton a
King in Virginia and married her, fhe was Chrlftened
and called the Lady Rebecca, and dyed at GravefcTui Anno
Dom. 161 7. Sir Lewis Stukely brought up her Son
Thomas Rolf. 24 1614.

1 86 foffelyns Chronological
¦ 1 6 14.
Bermudus planted further.
Powhatons Daughter in Virgi^iia Chrlftened Rebecca.
Capt Gibbins voyage to find out the North-weft paf
fage. New-Netherlands began to be planted [p. 247,] upon
Mohegan-'Rlwer, Sir Samuel Argol routed them.
1615,
Sir Richard Hawkins voyage into thofe parts oi New-
England. 1616,
Capt. Gibbins fecond voyage to find out the North-weft
paffage. A new fupply fent by Capt. Daniel Tucker to the Ber
mudus. Pocahontas and Mr. Rolf her Husband went for Eng
land with Sir Thomas Dale, and arrived at Plimouth the
12 oi fune. 1617.
Sir Walter Rawleighs laft and unfortunate voyage to
Guiana, where he took St Thome the only Town of Gui
ana poffeffed by tine Spaniards. 1618.
The Comet or blazing-ftar whofe motion was by fome
obferved to be from Eaft to Weft.
1619.
Sir Walter Rawleigh beheaded in the Parliament yard.
Bermudus-Iflands divided into Tribes and Cantreds, to
each tribe a Burrough. 1620. '^/^/
The Engliffi in Virginia divided into feveral Burroughs. 1620.

Obfervations of America. 187
1620.
[p. 248.] Letters Patents obtained from Kine 7ames
for the Northern part of Virgijtia i. e. '^ew-England.
In fuly fundry of the Y7igliflt fet fail from Holland for
Southampton. Augufl the fift, they fet fail from Southampton iorA7ner-
ica, and arrived the Eleventh of November at Cape-Cod,
where they entered into a body politick, and chofe one
Mr. fohn Carver their Governour, calling the place where
they fettled New-P limouth : in fanuary and February fol
lowing was a mortality among the Engliffi, which fwept
away half the Company.
Mrs. Sufanna White delivered of a Son at 7iew-Pli7n-
outh, Chrlftened Peregrine; he was the firft of the Eng
liffi that was born in new-England, and was afterwards the
Lieutenant of the Military Company of Marfttfield in
Plimouth Colony.
'iHew-P limouth built, the firft Town in new-Yngland.
Squanto an Indian in new-Yngland, carried into Yng
land by Mr. Hunt a Mafter of a Ship, but brought home
again by Mr. Dormer a Gentleman imployed by Sir Fer.
dinando Gorges for difcovery. 1621.
[p. 249.] April, Mr. fohn Carver Governour of 7iew-
Plimouth dyed, and Mr. William Brandford was chofen
Govemour, The Natives in Virginia murdered about 340 Yng-

1622.
The Fort at new-Plimouth built : a great drought this
Summer, from May the Third, tiU the middle oifuly
there was no Rain. Mr.

1 88 yoffelyn's Chronological
Mr. Thomas Wefion Merchant fent over 67 lufly men
who fettied themfelves in a part of the Maffachufets-bay,
how called Weymouth.
The order of the Knights of Kovafcotia ordained by
King fames Hereditarie, they wear an Orange tawny
Ribbin. Sir Yerdinando Gorges Patent for the province oi Main
in ^ew-Yngland.
The Dutch tortured the Ynglifh at Amboina, 1623.
Weftons plantation wholly ruined by their diforders.
Mr. Robert Gorge, Sir Yerdinando Gorges Brother ar
rived in Plimouth, and began a Plantation of the Maffa
chufets bay, having Commiflion from the Council of
'^ew-Yngland to be general Governour of the Countrey,
carrying over one Mr. Morrel a Minifter, [p, 250.] but
being difcouraged, he returned for Yngland.
A fire at Plimouth, which did confiderable dammage,
feveral of the Inhabitants through difcontent and cafual-
'ties removed into Virginia.
Three thoufand Yngliffi now upon the Bermudus ten
Forts, and in, thofe ten Forts 50 pieces of Ordnance.
1624.
The number of Magiftrates increafed to five now at
^ew-P limouth.
The firfl neat Cattle carried over into New-Yngland to
'New-Plimouth was three Heifers and a Bull.
1625.
St Chrifiophers-Ifiand planted now by the Ynglifii 25
leagues in compafs, a great many littie Rivers, in 17 de
grees and 25 minutes.
King fames dyed in 1625, and King Cliarles the firfl
began his Raign March the feven and twentieth. 1627,

Obfervatio7is of America. \ 8g
1627.
The" firft diftribution of Lands amongft the Inhabitants
of "New-Plimouth.
A Colony of Ynglifii planted upon the Ifland oi Bar
bados, which in a fliort time increafed to 20000, befides
Negroes. 1628.
Mr. fohn Yndicot arrived in New-Yngland [p. 251.]
with fome number of people, and fet down firft by Cape-
Ann, at a place called afterwards Glofier, but their abid
ing place was at Salem, where they built the firft Town in
the Maffachufiets Patent.
The Indians at the Maffachufets, were at that time by
ficknefs decreafed from 30000 to 300,
Nevis or Mevis planted now by the Yngliffi 3 or 4000
upon it.
Mr. Morton of Merrimount taken prifoner by the Maf
fachufets, and fent into Yngland, 1629.
Three fhips arrived at Salem bringing a great number
of paffengers from Yngland; infe6tious difeafes amongft
them. '
yix. Yndicot clnoien Governour.
Mr. Higginfon, Mr. Skelton and Mr. Bright MInifters
arrived, upon the fift oi Augift was the firft Church in
the Maffachufets Colony gathered at Sale7n, from which
year to this prefent year is 45 years, in the compafs of
thefe years in this Colony, there hath been gathered forty
Churches, and 120 Towns built in all the Colonies of
New-Yngland. -' The Church of new-Plimouth, was planted in New-
Yngland eight years before others,
- .. - The

igo foffelyris Chronological
The book of Common-prayer pleaded [p. 252.] for, and
pra6lifed in Maffachufets Colony by two of the Patentees,
but was at laft prohibited by the Authority there.
1630. "
The Tenth oifuly, fohn Winthorp Efq ; and the -Af
fiftants arrived in New-Y7igla7id, with the Patent for the
Maffachufets, they landed on the North-fide of Charles
Rlveir, with him went over Mr. Thomas Dudley, Mr. Ifaac
fohnfon, -S'fqulres ; Mr. fohn Wilfon, Mr. George Phil
ips, "Mr. Maverich (the Father of Mr. Samuel Maverich, one
of his Majefties Commiffioners) Mr. Wareham i\Iinifters.
The paffage of the people in the Eagle, and nine other
Veffels to New-Yngland came to 9500 pounds. The
Swine, Goats, Sheep, Neat and Horfes coft to tranfport
12000 pounds, befides the price they coft. The Yagle
was called the Arabella in honour of the Lady Arabella,
wife to Ifaac fohnfon Efq ; they fet down firft upon Nod
dles-Ifiand, the Lady Arabella abode at Salem.
Mr. Ifaac fohnfon a Magiftrate of the Maffachufets,
and his Lady dyed foon after their arrival.
fohn Winthorp Efq ; chofen Govemour, for the re
mainder of the year, Mr. Thomas Dudley deputy Govern
our, Mr. Simon Broadfireet Secretary.
[p. 2 5 3. J Charles-town, the firft town built
Mr, Higgi7ifion Teacher of Salem Church dyed.
1630, %.
A very fliarp winter in New-England. »
1631,
Capt fohn Smith Governour of Virgi7iia, and Admiral
of New-England now dyed in London.
fohn Winthorp Efq ; chofen Governour of the Maffa
chufets. Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Govemour. Sir

Obfervations of America. 191
Sir Richard Saltingftall went for New-England, fet
down at Water-town.
Five Churches gathered this year, the firft at Boftoji
Mr. yohn Wilfon Paftor, the fecond at Water-town, by Mr.
Philips, the third at Dorchefter by Mr, Maverick and Mr.
Wareham, the fourth at Roxbury by Mr, Eliot, the fifth
at Linn by Mr, Stephen Batcheler their firft Teacher,
Dr, Wilfon gave 1000 pound to New-Engla7id, with
which they ftored themfelves with great Guns,
1632.
fohn Winthorp chofen Governour, Mr. Thomas Dud
ley Deputy Govemour,
Sir Chriftopher Gardiner defcended of the houfe of
Gardiner Biftiop of Winchefier, Knighted at ferufalem of
the Sepulcher, [p, 254,] arrived in New-E7igland with a
comely young woman his Concubine, fettled himfelf in
the Bay of Maffachufets, was rigidly ufed by the Magif
trates, and by the Magiftrates of New-Plimouth to which
place he retired,
A terrible cold winter in New-E7igland.
1633,
Mr. Ydward Winflow chofen Governour of New-Plim
outh.  —
The number of Magiftrates at New-Plimouth increafe
to feven.
An infedtious feaver amongft the Inhabitants of New-
Plimouth, whereof many dyed.
Mr. fohn Winthorp chofen Governour of the Maffa
chufets Colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour.
, Mr, Thomas Hooker, Mr. Hains and Mr. Cotton MIn
ifters* arrived in New-England all in one fliip, . and Mr,
Stone

192 foffelyns Chronological
Stone and Mr, William Collier a liberal Benefador to the
Colony of New-Plimouth.
Mr. fohn Cotton chofen Teacher of the firft Church at
Bofloit. A Church at Cambridge gathered by Mr. Tlwmas
Hooker tiieir firft Paftor.
Great fwarms of ftrange flyes up and down the Coun
trey, which was a prefage of the following mortality,
. 1634.
[p. 255.] Mr, Thomas Prince chofen Govemour oi New-
Plimouth. ¦
Mr, Thomas Dudley chofen Governour of the Maffa
chufets Colony, and Mr, Roger Ludlow Deputy-Govern
our. The Countrey now was really placed in a pofture of
War, to' be inreadinefs at all times..
In the Spring a great ficknefs among the Indians, by
the fmall pox.
The Pequets War with the Narraganfets.
Mr. Skelton Paftor to the Church at Salem dyed,
Mr. fohn Norton, and Mr, Thomas Shepherd arrive in
New-E7igland. A Church gathered at Ipfwich, the firft Paftor Mr. Na
thaniel Ward.
A Church gathered at Newberry.
Capt Stone turn'd Pirate, at the Dutch plantation.
The cruel Maffacre of Capt Stone and Capt Norton at
ConneBicut-Rizjer, by the Pequet Indians.
1635, ,
Mr, John Haines chofen Govemour of the Maffa
chufets Colony, Mr, Richard Bellingham Deputy Gov
ernour, Mn

Obfervations of America. ' 193
Mr, Zachary Sims arrived in New-England, and Mr,
Richard Belli7is:ham.
[p, 256.] This year Eleven Minifters arrived in New-
Efigland.' Mr. Norton Teacher at Ipfwich, Mr. Richard Mather
Teacher at Dorchefter.
Sir Henry Vain Junior, arrived in New-E7igland, Mr.
Richard Salti7igftal, Sir Ricliard Salti7igftal' s Son, Mr.
Roger Harlacke7iden, and Hugh Peters.
Hugh Peters chofen Paftor of Salem.
A Church at Hartford in the Colony of ConneElicut
now gathered.
Mr. William Bradford choien Governour oi New-P Utti-
outli. Capt. Williain Gorges, Sir Ferdi7iando Gorges Nephew
fent over Governour of the province of Main, then called
new Som7nerfetfiiire.
Saturday the 15 of Augufi, an Hurrican or mighty
ftorm of wind and rain, which did much hurt in New-E7ig-
land. 1636.
Sir Henry Vane Junior, Governour of the Maffachu
fiets Colony, foh7i Winthorp Efq ; Deputy Governour,
Mr. Roger Harlacke7iden leader of their military Forces.
Mr. Edward Winfiow a Worcefierffiire man bom,
chofen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony.
Conne^icut Colony planted.
Mr. fohn Oldham murthered in his Barque by the In
dians of B lock-Ifiand.
[p. 257.] A Church gathered at Hi7igham, Mr. Peter
Hubbord arrived now in New-England Teacher at Hing
ham. 15 Mr.

194 foffelyns Chronological
Mr. Fli7it, Mr. Carter, Mr. Walton, Minifters arrived
now in New-E7igland.
Mr. Fe7iwicli, Mr. Partrick, Mr. Nathaniel Rogers, and
Mr, Samuel White, arrived now4n New-E7tgla7id.
A General Court held at Bofion againft Mrs. Hutchin-
fon the A7nerican Jezabel, Augufi the 30. where the opin
ions and errors of Mrs. Hutchinfo7i and her Affociats 80
errors were condemned.
A Counfel at New-tow7i about the fame bufinefs Octo
ber the fecond, and at Bofion again.
\^Z1-
Mr. William Bradford chofen Govemour of New-Plim
outh Colony.
Mr. John Wenthorp chofen Governour of Maffachufets
Colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley chofen Deputy Governour.
New-ltaven Colony began now, Mr. Eaton chofen Gov
ernour, fohn Davenport Paftor.
Mr. Hopkins arrived now in New-Yngland.
A fecond Church gathered at Dedham, Mr. John Allen
Paftor. The Pequets wars, in which war the Yngliffi flew and
took prifoners about 700 Indians, [p. 258.] amongfl which
13 of their Sachems to the great terror of the Natives,
they fent the male children of the Pequets to the Bermu-'
dus. This year the Antinomian and Familiftical errors were
broached in the Countrey, efpecially at Boflon. /¦
A Synod caUed, which condemned thefe errors.
A General Court held at New-town againft Mrs. Hutch-
infon and the' reft.
Mrs. Hutchinfon and others banifhed by the Magif
trates of the Maffachufets Colony. ¦ . .^
A

Obfervations of America. 195
A hideous monfter born at Boflo7t of one Mrs. Mary
Dyer. Sir Henry Vane and the Lord Lee returned for Yng
land. The Minifters that went for New-Yngla7id chiefiy in
the ten firft years, ninet}' four, of which retumed for Y7ig-
land twenty feven, dyed In the Countrey thirty fix, yet
alive in the Countrey thirty one.
The number of fliips that tranfported paffengers to
New-Y7igland, in thefe times was 298 fuppofed : men,
women and children as near as can be gheffed 21200. '
The Spaniards took the Ifland of Providence, one of
the Summer-Iflands from the Englifh.

¦'o^

1638.

[p. 259.] Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour ot new
Plimouth Colony.
Mr. John Wi7ithorp chofen* Governour of the Maffa
chufets Colony, Mr. Tho7nas Dudley Deputy Governour.
A Church now gathered at 'Waymouth, Mr. Gennor
Paftor, Mr. Newman fucceeded Mr. Thomas Thatcher.
Three Yngliflt men put to death at Plimouth for rob
bing and murthering an Indiom near Providence.
June the fecond a great and terrible earthquake
throughout the Countrey.
Samuel Gorton of IVarwick-fftire, a peftilent feducer,
and blafphemous Atheifl:, the Author of the Seds oiGor-
tinians, banifli'd PlimotUh plantation, whipt and baniftied
from Road-Ifland, baniflit the Maffachufets Colony.
Now they fet up a Printing-prefs at Boflon in the Maf
fachufets. This year came over Mr. William Tlio7npfon, Mr. Ed
mund Brown. Mr. David Frisk. Mr.

196 foffelyris Chronological
Mr. John Harvard the founder oi Harvard Colledge
at Cambkdge in the Maffachufets Colony, deceafed, gave
,700 pound to the eredling of it_
1639.
[p. 260.J Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of
new-Plimouth Colony,
yJ/"r, fohn Winthorp chofen' Governour of the Maffa
chufets Colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour.
1^ Mr. Higginfon Teacher at Salem Church, Skelton paf
tor, and an exhorting Elder. This .was the firft Church
gathered in the Maffachufets Colony, and it increafed to
43 Churches in joynt Communion with one another, and
in thefe Churches were about 7750 fouls.
Mr. Herbert Pelham now arrived in New-England.
A Church gathered at Hampton, Mr. Daulton paftor,
and Mr. Batcheler Teacher.
Another Church gathered at Salisbury.
O^ober the Eleventh and Twelfth, the Spanifh Navy
was fet upon by the Hollander in the Downs, they were
in all 60 fail, the Spaniards were beaten.
A very fharp winter in New-England. 1640.
Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim
outh Colony.
Mr. Thomas Dudley chofen Governour of the Maffa
chufets Colony, and Mr, Richard Bellingham Deputy
Governour. [p. 261.] Civil Wars began in England.
Mr, Huet i^inifter arrived in New-England, Mr. Peck
and Mr. Saxton.
A Church gathered at Braintree, Mr. Wheelright paftor. Mr.

•Obfervations of America. 197
Mr. Henry Dunfier arrived in New-England.
1641,
Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim
outh Colony,
Mr. Richard Belliiigham chofen Governour of the Maf
fachufets Colony, Mr. folm E7idicot Deputy.
A Church gathered at Glocefier in the Maffachufets
Colony. A fliarp winter in New-EnglaTid, the harbours and fait
bayes frozen over fo as paffable for Men, Horfes, Oxen
and Carts five weeks. 1642.
Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim
outh Colony.
Mr. fohn Winthorp chofen Governour of the Maffa
chufets Colony, foh7t Endicot Efq ; Deputy Governour.
This Spring Cowes and Cattle fell from 22 pound a
Cow, to fix, feven and eight pound a Cow of a fudden.
A Church now gathered at Woeburn in the Maffachu
fets Colony.
[p. 262.] Thirteen able Minifters now at this time in
new-Plimouth Jurifdi6tion.
Harvard-Colledge founded with a publick Library.
Minifters bred in New-E7igla7id, and (excepting about
id) in HarvardQoViedge one hundred thirty two; of which
dyed in the Countrey Ten, now living eighty one, removed
to England forty one. fune Warwick Pariiament Ad
miral. 1643.
Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of the new-
Plimouth Colony. Mr.

198 foffelyris Chronological .
Mr. yohn Winthorp chofen Govemour of the Maffa
chufets Colony,. Mr. fohn Endicot Deputy Govemour.
May 19. the firft Combination of the four united Colo
nies, viz. Plimouth, Maffachufets, Co7me£licut, and new-
haven. 1644.
Mr. Edward Winfiow chofen Governour of new-Plim
outh Colony.
fohn Endicot Efq ; chofen Govemour of the Maffachu
fets Colony, f'oAn Winthorp Efq ; Deputy Govemour.
A Church gathered at Haveril. Mr, Roger Harlacken-
din dyed about this time.
A Church gathered at Reading in New-England.
A Church gathered at Wenham, both in the Maffachu
fets Colony, -
[p. 263,] The Town of Eafiham ere6led now by fome
in Plimouth. _ ¦ - :
1645.
Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-PliTn-
outh Colony,
Mr, Thomns Dudley chofen Governour of the Maffa
chufets Colony, and Mr. fohn Winthorp Deputy Gov
ernour, Mr. foh7i Endicot major General.
A Church gathered at Springfield. 1646
Mr, William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim
outh Colony, , '
Mr. fohn Winthorp chofen Governour of the Maffa
chufets, Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy and Mr. fohn Endi
cot ma]or QenerA.
Two Suns appeared towards the latter end of the year. This

.Obfervations of America. 199
This year they drew up a body of Laws for the well
ordering of their Commonwealth (as they termed it)
printed in 1648,
Three .men of War arrived in new-Plimouth harbour
under the Command of Capt, Thomas Cromzvell, richly
laden, a mutiny amongft the Sea-men, whereby one man
was killed.
'The fecond Synod at Cambridge touching the duty and
power of magiftrates in matters of Religion.
[p. 264.] Secondly, the nature and power of Synods.
Mr. fohn Eliot firft preached to the Indians in their
Native language, the principal Inftruments of converting
the Indians, Mr. fohn Eliot Senior, Mr, yohn Eliot Jun
ior, Mr, Thomas Mayhew, Mr, Pierfon, Air. Brow7t, Mr.
fames, and Mr. Cotton. 1647,
Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim
outh Colony,
Mr. fohn Winthorp chofen Governour of the Maffa
chufets Colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour,
an^JMr. fohn Endicot Major General,
Now Mr. Thomas Hooker paftor of the Church at Hert
ford dyed.
. The Tartars over-run China. 1648.
Mr. Willia7n Bradford chofen Governour of new PUtti-
outh Colony.
fohn Winthorp chofen Governour of the Maffachufets
colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Govemour, Mr. fohn
Yndicot major General.
A Church gathered at Aruiover. -¦¦ .A

200 foffelyn's Chronological
A Church gathered at Maiden Mr. Sarjant paftor.
A fecond Church gathered at Bofion.
A third Synod at Cambridge publifliing the platform of
Difcipllne. [p. 265.] fan. 30. King Charles the firft murdered.
Charles the Second began his Raign,
Their Laws in the Maffachufets colony printed,
1649.
fohn Wi7ithorp Efq ; Governour of the Maffachufets
colony March the 26 deceafed,
Mr, William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim
outh. Mr. fohn Endicot chofen Governour of the Maffachu
fets colony.
Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour, Mr. Gibbons
major General.
An innumerable Company of Caterpillars Ixn fome parts
of New-Englarul deftroyed the fruits of the Earth,
Augufi the 25 Mr, Thom,as Sheplierd Paftor of CaTti-
bridge Church dyed.
Mr, Phillips alio dyed this year.
>4> 1650.
Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim
outh colony.
Mr. Thomas Dudley chofen Governour of the Maffa
chufets colony, Mr. fohn Endicot Deputy Governour, Mr.
Gibbons ma]or General.
A great mortality amongft children this year in New-
Efigland. -;,
1 65 1. J;
[p. 266.] Mr. William Bradford chofen Govemour of
new-Plimouth colony. Mr.

Obfervations of America. 201
Mr. fohn Endicot chofen Governour of the Maffachu
fets colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour, Mr.
Gibbons major General.
The City Bilbo totally cover'd with waters for 1 5 days,
16 foot above the tops of the higheft houfes, the lofs was
very much to the whole Kingdom, there being their ftock
of dryed fifh and dryed Goat the general dyet of Spain.
Barbados furrendred to the Parliament, its longitude
.322, latitude 13 degrees, 17 or 18 miles in compafs.
Hugh Peters and Mr. Wells, and fohn Baker returned
into Engla7id. 1652.
Mr. William Bradford chofen Governour of new-Plim
outh colony.
Mr. fohn Endicot chofen Govemour of the Maffachu
fets colony, Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour, Mr.
Gibbons major General.
fohn Cotton Teacher of Bofion Church dyed, a Comet
was feen at the time of his ficknefs hanging over Nezu
England, which went out foon after his death.
[p. 267.] The Spirits that took Children in England,
faid to be fet awork firft by the Parliament, and Hugh
Peters as chief Agent, Ador or Procurer.
1653.
Oliver Cromwell Ufurped the Titie of Protedor De
cember the Sixteenth.
Mr. William Bradford chofen Govemour of new-Plim
outh colony.
Mr. Thomas Dudley chofen Governour of the Maffa
chufets colony, Mr. fohn Yiidicot Deputy Governour, Mr.
Gibbons major General. 26 Mr.

202 yoffelyris Chronological
Mr. Thomas Dudley Govemour of the Maffachufets col
ony dyed, aged about 77 years at his houfe at Roxebury,
fuly 31.
. A great fire at "Bofton in Nezh-Yngland.
1654.
Mr. William Bradford chofen Govemour of new-Plim
outh colony.
Mr. Bellingham Govemour, Yndicot Deputy.
Major General Gibbons dyed this year.
1655.
Mr. William Bradford chofen Govemour of new-Plim^
outh colony. Mr. fohn Yndicot Govemour of the Maffa
chufets, Bellingham Deputy. - .
famaica taken by the Yngl-ifh. 1656,  V :^-^
[p, 268,] General Mountague taketh Spanifh prizes.
Mr, William Bradford chofen Govemour of new-Plim
outh colony, Mr, fohn Yndicot Govemour of the Maffa
chufets, Mr, Francis Willowby Deputy",
1657. ._ -.
Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Govemour of new-Plimouth
colony. - " Z,
Mr, William Bradford now dyed. Mr. fohn Yndicot
Govemour, Bellingham Deputy.
Mr, Theophilus Yaton Govemour oi New-haven colony
dyed. ¦ ;. , .. /
-- Fifth monarchy-men rebell,
, The Quakers arrive at new-Plimouth.
•;^;' 1658.
Oliver Cromwell dyed September the third,
Richard Cromwell fet up, . , c
Mr.

Obfiertations of America. 203
Mr, Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimouth
colony. Mr. fohn Endicot chofen Governour of the Maffachu
fets, Bellingham Deputy,
A great Earth-quake in New-England.
Mr. Ralph Partrick minifter at Ruxbury now deceafed.
fohn Philips oi Marfitfield i\.a\n by thunder and light

ning.

1659.
Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimouth
colony. [p. 269.] Mr, fohn Endicot chofen Governour of the
Maffachufets colony.
The Quakers opinions vented up and down the Coun
trey. Mr, Henry Dunfier firft Prefident of Harvard Colledge
deceafed, Richard Cromwel ended May the feventh.
The Rump Parliament December the fix and twentieth
put down,
William Robinfion, Marmaduke Stevenfon, and Mary
Dyer Quakers of Rhod Ifiand fentenced to fuffer death
by Mr, fohn Yndicot Governour of the Maffachufets col
ony, which accordingly was executed within a day or two,
the prifoners being guarded by Capt fames Oliver with
200 Souldlers to the place of Execution, where the two
men were hanged and the woman reprieved at the Gal
lows and baniflied, 1 660.
Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimouth
colony. fohn

204 foffelyns Chronological • ¦
fohn Endicot chofen Govemour of the Maffachufets
colony, Mr. Bellingham Deputy.'
fames Pierce flain by lightning at new-Plimouth.
May the 29 King Charles the Second retumed into
E7igland. fune the 20 a damnable cheat like to have been put
upon Yngland by a Brief for [p. 270.] New-Yngland,
which as it appeared was produced before the King came
in, but not printed (by Mr. Lecuh in Shoe-lane) till fune,
pretending that 1 8 Turks-men oi War the 24 of fanuary
1 6 Is landed at a Town, called Ringsword (alluding to
Charles-town) three miles from Bofton, kill'd 40, took Mr.
Sims minifter prifoner, wounded him, kill'd his wife and
three of' his little children, carried him away with 57
more, burnt the Town, carried them to Argier, their lofs
amounting to 12000 pound, the Turk demanding 8000
pound ranfom to be paid within 7 moneths. Signed by
Thomas Margets, Edward Calamy, William fenkin, Wil
liam Vincent, George Wild, fofeph Caryl, fohn Menord,
William Cooper, Thomas Manton Miniflers,
Hugh Peters put to death the 1 6 of OHober.
Thomas Venner a Wine-Cooper hang'd drawn and
quartered Ian. 19, 1661.
The fifth Monarchy-men rife at London. * > .
. Mr, Thomas-Prince chofen Govemour oi new-Plimouth
colony. •
.Mr.- fohn Endicot chofen Govemour of the Maffachu
fets colony, Mr. Bellingham Deputy, • '
Major Atherton now dyed in New-Yngland. - ; '
' 1662. -w^ix ^,
[p. 271,] Sir Henry Vane beheaded, fune the 14. ->¦ Mr. .

Obfervations of America. 205
Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Gdvernour of new-Plimouth
colony. Mr. yohn Endicot chofen Governour of the Maffachu
fets colony.
fanuary 26 and the 28 Earthquakes in New-'Yngland,
6 or y times in the fpace of Three days.
16621663*
fohn Baker unduely called Capt Baker, hang'd at TI-
bum, December the 1 1 of February. 1663.
Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimouth
colony. Mr. fohn Yitdicot chofen Governour of the Maffachu
fets colony.
Mr. Willowby Deputy Governour and Mr. Thomas
Leveret major General.
April the fifth Mr. fohn Norton Teacher at the firft
Church in Bofion dyed fuddenly.
Mr. Samuel Newman Teacher at Rehoboth in New-
Yngland now dyed.
Mr, Samuel Stone Teacher of Hartford Church in
New-England, now dyed alfo.
Several Earth-quakes this year in New-Y7igland.
[p, 272,] Charles Chancie batchelor of Divinity and
Prefident of Harvard-GoV^edge in New-Yngland.
1664,
Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Govemour of new-Plimouth
colony. Mr. fohn Endicot chofen Govemour of the Maffachu
fets colony, Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour,
Mr. Thomas Leveret Major General. Alay

2o6 Joffelyris Chronological
May the 20 the Kings CommiflTioners arrived in New-
Yngland, ¦ viz. Sir Robert Carr, Colonel Nicols, Colonel
Cartwright and Mr. Samuel Maverich, with whom came
one Mr. Archdale as Agent ioxMr. Yerdinando Gorges,
who brought to the Colony in the province of Main, Mr.
F. Gorges order irom his Majeiiy Charles the Second, un
der his manual, and his i^ajefties Letters to the Maffachu
fets concerning the fame, to be reftored unto the quiet •
poffefl[ion and enjoyment of the faid province in New-
England, and the Government thereof, the which during
the civil "Wars in England the Maffachufets colony had
ufurpt and (by help of a facobs ftaff") moft fhamefuUy en
croached upon Mr. Gorges rights and priviledges, -_-'-¦
The 29 of Augufi, the Manadaes, called Novede Bel-
gique, or New Netherlands, their chief Town New-Am
fterdam, now called [p, 273.] New-Yorke, Surrendered up
unto Sir Robert Carr and Colonel Nichols his Majefties
Commiffioners ; thirteen days after in September the Fort
and Town of Arania now called Albany ; twelve days
after that the Fort and Town oi Awfiapha; then de la
Ware Caftle man'd with Dutch and Sweeds, the three firft
Forts and Towns being built upon the River Mohegan,
otherwife called Hudfions River,
The whole Bible Tranflated into the Indian-Tongue,
by Mr. fohn Eliot Senior, was now printed at Cambi^ge
in New-England.
December a great and dreadful Comet, or blazing-ftar
appeared in the South-eaft in New-England for the fpace
of three moneths, which was accompanied with many fad
efifedls, great mildews blafting in the Countrey the next
Summer. - i.?^i
£¦ ¦' 1665?

Obfirvations of America. 207
1^65.
Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of new-Plimouth
colony. Mr. John Endicot chofen Governour of the Maffachu
fets colony, Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour,
Mr. Leveret Major General.
Two Comets or blazing-ftars appeared in 4 moneths
"time in England, December 1664. and in March following.
Mr. fohn Endicot Governour of the Maffachufets jp.
274.] colony deceafed, March the three and twentieth.
Capt Davenport kill'd with lightning as he lay on his
bed at the Caftle by Bofion in New-England, and feveral
wounded. Wheat exceedingly blafted and mildewed in New-Eng
land. A thoufand foot fent this year by the French King to
Canada. Colonel Cartwright in his voyage for E7igland was
taken by the Dutch.
The Ifle oi Providence taken by the Englifii Buccaneers,
Puerto Rico taken and plundered by the Engliffi Bucca
neers and abandoned. 1666.
Mr. Tlwmas Prince chofen Governour of the Maffachu
fets colony.
Mr. Ricliard Bellingharn chofen Governour of the Maf
fachufets colony, Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Govem
our, Mr. Leveret major General.
St Chrifiophers taken by the French.
fuly the Lord Willowby oi Parham caft away in a
Hu7^ca7U about the Caribby-Ifiands.
The fmall pox at Bofion in the Maffachufiets colony. Three

2o8 foffelyris Chronological
Three kill'd in a moment by a blow of Thunder at
Marffifield in Nezv-Plimouth [p, 275.] colony, and four at
Paficataway colony, and divers burnt with lightning, a
great whirlwind at the fame time.
This year alfo New-England had caft away and taken
Thirty one Veffels, and fome in 1667.
The mildews and blafting of Com ftill continued.
1667.
Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Govemour of New-Plim
outh colony.
Mr. Ricliard Bellingham chofen Governour of the Mafi-
fachufets colony, Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Govemour,
and Mr, Leveret major General,
Sir Robert Carr dyed next day after his arrival at Brif
low in England fune the firft.
Several voUies of fhot heard difcharged in the Air at
Nantafcot two miles from Bofion in the Maffachufets col
ony. Mr. fohn Davenport chofen paftor of the Independent
Church at Bofion.
In March there appeared a fign in the Heavens in the
form of a Spear, pointing diredlly to the Wefi.
Sir fohn Harman defeated the French Fleet at the
Caribbes. Mr. fohn Wilfon Paftor of Bofton Church in the Maf
fachufets colony 37 years now [p. 276.] dyed, aged 79, he
was Paftor of that Church three years before Mr. Cotton,
twenty years with him, ten years with Mr. Norton, and
four years after him.
-.-:: 1668,
Mr, Thomas Prince chofen Govemour of New-Plim
outh colony, Mr.

Obfervations of America. 209
Mr. Richard Bellingham chofen Governour of the Maf
fachufets colony, Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour
and Mr, LeVeret major General.
Mr. Samuel Shepherd Paftor of Rowley Church dyed.
April the 27 Mr. He7iry Flint Teacher at Braintry
dyed. fuly the Ninth Mr. fonathan Mitchel Paftor of the
Church at Cambridge dyed, he was born at Halifax in
Yorkefttire in Y7igland, and was brought up In Harvard
Colledge at Cambridge in New-Y7io'land.
fuly the Fifteenth, nine of the clock at night an Eclipfe
of the moon, till after Eleven darkned nine digits and
thirty five minutes.
fuly the Seventeenth a great Sperma C^// Whale Fifty
five foot long, thrown up at 'Winter-harbour by Cafco in
the Province of Main.
April the Third, Fryday an Earthquake in New-Yng
land. 1669.
[p. 277.] Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of Plim
outh colony.
Mr. Richard Bellingham chofen Governour of the Maf
fachufets colony, Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour,
Mr. Leveret major General.
Mr. Oxenbridge chofen Paftor of the Independent
Church at Bofion.
The wonderful burning of the mountain jEtna, or Gi-
bella in Cicilia March. 1670.
Mr. Thomas Prince chofen Governour of New-Plim
outh colony. 27 Mr.

2IO .,. foffelyris Chronological
Mr. Richard Bellingham chofen Governour of the Maf
fachufets -(^olohy, Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour,
Mr. Leveret major General,
Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Govemour now dyed,
¦ At a place called Renebunch, which is in the Province
oiMahi, not far from the River-fide, a piece of clay ground
was thrown up by a mineral vapour (as was fuppofed) over
the- tops of high oaks that grew between it and the River,
into the River, ftopplng the courfe thereof, and leaving a
hole Forty yards fquare, wherein [p, 278.] were Thoufands
of clay buflets as big as mufquet bullets, and pieces of
clay in fhape like the barrel of a mufquet The like
accident fell out at Cafco, One and twenty miles from it
to the Eaftward, much about the fame time ; And fifh in
fome ponds in the Countrey thrown up dead upon the
" banks, fuppofed likewife to be kill'd with mineral vapours,
A wonderful number of Herrins caft up on fhore at
high water in Black-point-Harbour in the province of
Main, fo that they might have gone half way the leg in
them for a mile together.
Mr. Thatcher chofen Paftor of the Prefbyterian Church
at Bofion. 1671.
Mr, Thomas Prince Governour of new Plimouth col
ony, Mr, Richard Bellingham chofen Governour of the Maf
fachufets colony, Mr, Leveret Deputy, and major General.
Elder Pen now dyed at Bofion, the Engliffi troubled
much witii griping of the guts, and bloudy Flux, of which
feveral dyed,
OSlober the Two and twentieth a Ship called the flying
Falcon

Obfervations of America. 211
Falcon of Amfierdam, arrived at Dover, having been out
fince the firft oi fanuary 1669. and been In the South-
[p. 279.] Seas in the latitude of 50 degrees, havino- failed
12900 Dutch leagues, the mafter told us he made main
land, and difcovered two Iflands never before difcovered,
where were men all hairy. Eleven foot in height
1672.
Mr. Richard Be lli7ighqm chofen Governour of the Maf
fachufets colony, Mr. Leveret Deputy, and major General.
1673-
Mr. Richard Bellingham Governour of the Maffachu
fets colony now deceafed. 1674.
Thomas Leveret chofen Govemour.
Mr. Simons Deputy Governour,

F J N I s.

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