YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

AN ENGLISH CHRONICLE
OF THE REIGNS OF
RICHARD n., HEMY IV., HEMY V., MB HEMY VI.
WRITTEN BEFORE THE YEAR 1471;
WITH
AN APPENDIX,
CONTAINING THE 18th AND 19iH YEARS OF RICHARD II. AND THE
PARLIAMENT AT BURY ST. EDMUND'S, 25th HENRY VI.

SUPPLEMENTARY ADDITIONS FROM THE COTTON. MS. CHRONICLE
CALLED "EULOGIUM."

EDITED BY
THE REV. JOHN SILVESTER DAVIES, M.A.
OF PEMBROKE COLLEGE, OXFORD. \ .

PRINTED FOR THE CAMDEN SOCIETY.

M.DCCC.LVI.

LONDON :
J . B. NICHOLS AND SONS, PRINTKES,
PAELIAMENT-STBEET .

[no. LXIV.]

COUNCIL OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY
FOR THE YEAR 1855-6.

President,
THE RIGHT HON. LORD BRAYBROOKE, F.S.A,
WILLIAM HENRY BLAAUW, ESQ. M.A., F.S.A.
JOHN BRUCE, ESQ. F.S.A. Director.
JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ. V.P.S.A, Treasurer.
WILLIAM DURRANT COOPER, ESQ. F.S.A.
BOLTON CORNEY, ESQ. M,R,S,L.
JAMES CROSBY, ESQ, F,S.A.
SIR HENRY ELLIS, K,H., F.R.S,, Dir, S,A.
THE REV. LAMBERT B. LARKING, M.A.
PETER LEVESQUE, ESQ. F.S.A.
FREDERIC OUVRY, ESQ. Treas. S.A.
LORD VISCOUNT STRANGFORD, G,C.B., F.S.A,
WILLIAM J, THOMS, ESQ. F.S.A., Secretary.
ALBERT WAY, ESQ. F.S.A,
HIS EXCELLENCY M. VAN DE WEYER.
REV. JOHN WEBB, M.A,, F.S.A,

The CouNcii. of the Camden Society desire it to be under
stood that they are not answerable for any opinions or observa
tions that may appear in the Society's publications; the Editors of
the several works being alone responsible for the same.

PREFACE.

The Early English manuscript Chronicle, from which the follow
ing pages are printed, is a version of the English Chronicle called
the Brute. Attention was first invited to it through the medium of
Notes and Queries, and by the courtesy of William J. Thoms, esq.
the editor of that publication, an opinion was obtained from sir
Frederick Madden, which resulted in the issue of the present
volume by the Camden Society. The manuscript itself is still de
posited in a private library, as it has been for more than two hun
dred years, and therefore cannot be generally accessible.*
Sir Frederick Madden found that the writer of the Chronicle had
followed the prose English Chronicle called the Brute, as far as the
end of Edward TIL without introducing any important variation
from the received text, with the exception of a new story relative to
bishop Grostete's difference with pope Innocent IV. But from the
beginning of the reign of Richard II. the matter was found more
valuable ; large and curious additions occur, though the text of the
Brute remains as before the thread of the narrative. It is this por
tion of the history which is now for the first time printed.
Sir Frederick Madden discovered in the margins of the manuscript,
particularly towards the close, several notes in the hand-writing of
Stowe, who has freely used this history in his Annals, though with
out specifying it. Perhaps, therefore, our manuscript was one of
* It is in the possession of John Speed Davies, esq. the Editor's father, to whom it has
descended through the Speeds, from its last user John Speed the chronologer.

VI PEEFACE.
those "dangerous books of superstition," the fame of which brought
upon Stowe a commission of inquiry in 1568.*
At Stowe's death, in April 1605, his valuable library was dis
persed, and the manuscript of the following Chronicle no doubt at
that time fell into the hands of John Speed the chronologer, already
for some few years known to the literary world, under the patronage
of sir Fulk Greville afterwards lord Brooke, fortified too with the
friendship of Camden, Cotton, Spelman, and others, his immediate
contemporaries, and with the countenance of John Stowe. Speed's
Theatre of Great Britain had appeared in 1596; the first edition of
his History was issued in 1614.
Speed has used this Chronicle in the earlier part of his History,
apparently contented with Stowe's copious extracts in the latter
part. Occasionally he has quoted the language, and has also left
some marginal notes in his handwriting, as appears by comparing
them with " David's harp tuned unto Teares," a manuscript of the
historian's, presented, as a note on the fly-leaf states, to his son John
Speed the anatomist, of St. John's College, Oxford, on April 19th,
1628. Unfortunately neither Stowe nor Speed help us to discover who
the writer of the Chronicle was, or where it was written. Stowe,
while transcribing pages, has never acknowledged his obligation;
Speed was ignorant of its history, and quotes it as " Antiq. MS.,"
" an old MS.," " an ancient MS,," " a namelesse old MS." No in
ternal evidence enables us to assign it to any particular monastery :
perhaps the ballad set upon the gates of Canterbury (see p. 91-94)
is most like an indication of the locality of the writer.
The date however of this compilation is determined by an expres-
* Life of Stowe, iv, xiv. ; Strype's Stowe's Survey, vol, i.

PEEFACE. vii
sion in the text (see p. 99, 1. 30), where the writer alludes to
Henry VI. as king, or at least as still alive. This will confine it
between the limits, March 4th, 1461, the accession of Edward IV.
(see p. 110), and May 22nd, 1471, the death of Henry VI.
Henry regained the royal power and assumed the royal style on
Oct. 9th, 1470, and at the battle of Barnet, April 14th, 1471, was
finally driven from the throne.
Much has been lost from the reign of Richard II. The leaves
of the MS. at this part appear to have been designedly cut; but
I have been fortunate enough to discover the source from which the
compiler borrowed the matter he has introduced into the reigns of
Richard II. and Henry IV., and have therefore been able to restore
in the Appendix the greater part of what has been destroyed. The
continuation of the history called Eulogium, Cott, MS. Galba,
E. VII., is the basis of the new matter in the first two reigns of the
English text. From this valuable history our compiler translated
very largely; frequently, it will be seen, changing the arrange
ment of the history, and occasionally making corrections and
additions. For instance (pp. 16, 17) he has altered the locality of
Richard's resignation, before the duke of Lancaster and archbishop
Arundel, from Conviay to Flint; and (p. 23) has added, in common
with the Brute Chronicles, the fact of the marriage of lord Grey of
Euthyn with one of the daughters of Owen Glyndwr.
Besides filling up what has been lost from the English text, I
have added sections omitted by the compiler of the Chronicle, on
account of their interrupting the course of the narrative (see Sup-
plem. Add. xvni. p. 140), with one or two other additions which
appeared interesting. I by no means pretend, however, to have
exhausted all that is useful from this portion of the valuable

viu PEEFACE,
Eulogium. I felt that I ought to place a limit on my extracts, and
trust I may not even now be thought to have extended this volume
to too great a length. Probably this apology may be more needed
for the notes, which seemed to accumulate even while I was en
deavouring to repress them, and I feel that they do not possess that
air of novelty which I could have wished for them. Indeed this
volume is offered to the Society with considerable difiidence, yet
with the hope that it may not have been a useless labour.
With regard to the history of the Chronicle called the Brute, I
cannot do better than refer the reader to an interesting article by
sir Frederick Madden on that compilation, which will be found in
Notes and Queries, new series, vol. i. p. 1-4. The copy in ques
tion begins with the heading, "How this land was first called
Albion, and of whom it hadde that name, and how the geauntej were
ygote ye shal here as foloweth afterward. Capitulum primum. In
the yeer fro the begynnyng of the worlde M'" M^' M'' ixc. Ixxxx.
ther was in the noble lond of Grece a worthi kyng and a my3ti and
a man of gret renoun that was callid Dioclician," &c. It may be
useful to note its variation from the common text in the first three
reigns here published.
The MSS. used for this purpose are the following Oxford MSS.
— Bodleian, Rawl. B. 190, 4to. vellum, imperfect at beginning,
which is supplied, as a note in his hand states, by the hand of
Thomas Baker,* the non-juror, of St. John's College, from a MS. in
the public library at Cambridge. The MS. ends in the usual way
with the siege of Rouen, " rewle and governaunce," 6 Hen. V. It
has been much used by Hearne, who has supplied many leaves
* I am indebted for this information to the Rev. W. D. Maeray, M.A. of New College,
Oxford.

PEEFACE, IX
which had been lost, and we learn from a note at the end of the
volume, that his sources were MSS. Ashmole, 791, 793.
Rawl. B. 173, small folio, vellum. Heading illegible. Text
¦begins, " In the noble londe of Surre ther was a noble kynge of
myght," &c. This Chronicle goes down to the Armagnac alliance
with England, 13 Hen. IV. and resumes after the marriage of
Henry V., giving an account of the coronation banquet, rather dif
ferent from that of Fabyan. After the death of Henry V. follows a
list of mayors and sherifis for a few years in Henry VI.
Rawl. B. 196, folio, paper. Heading, "Here may a man here
how FJngelonde was first called Albyone, and affterivarde whanne hit
had first name" (sic.) " In the noble lond of Surrye," &o. It ends
" rewle and governaunce," 6 Hen. V.
Rawl. B. 216, folio, vellum, in double columns. Imperfect in
the beginning : immediately after " rewle . and governatmce,"
6 Hen. V., follows, "And aftir this folowith the appointments,
trete3, and accordements of pees perpetuelle bytwene kyng Charles
. . . and Henry V. . . . and of the marriage of Katerine the doughter
of the said kyng Charles, in manner and forme," &c,, occupying
two leaves and one column. In the same volume, by the same
scribe, is " the booke of Johan Maundeville, knyght, (which)
techith the weyes to Jerusalem," &c,
Rawl. B. 205, folio, vellum. Heading, " Here men may hiren
how Englonde first was called Albione, and thrughe whome it hadde the
name." ' ' In the noble lande of Sirrie ther was a noble kyng and
myghti, and a man of gret renoun," &c.* It ends with the " great
parliament," 21 Ric. IL Hearne considered this a good MS.; on
the fly-leaf he has written, " See MS. Ashmole 791, but chiefly 793."
Ashmole MS. 793, folio, paper and vellum. " Here begynnethe
CAMD. SOC. b

PEEFACE.

a booke in Englishe tong, callid Brute of Englond, or the Cronycles
of Englond, compilyng and tretyng ofthe seid land." "How it was
firste a wildrenesse, and alle for lette, and no thyng therynne, but
wylde bestes and fowles." It ends at the siege of Rouen (6 Hen. V.),
with the words, " and atte every gate ij. or iij. M^- of goode mennys
bodies armed : and manfully countred withe our Englishe men.
Heere endethe the Booke of Cronycules."
Ashmole, 791, vellum and paper, imperfect at beginning and
end. It ends with the death of James I, of Scotland (1436), with
the words " a legate of the poopys beynge that tyme in Scotteland,
as it was seyde, bare the kyngys scherte wyth hym, and schewed it
to the poope." The reigns of Richard II. and Henry IV. are very
meagre in this copy, A note on the first page of this Chronicle
attributes it to William de Regibus.
The new matter of the present volume will be found to be the
following sections: —
P. 1, 1. 12, " And they," to p. 3, 1. 22, " was gouerned." P. 4,
1. 20, " be counsel," to p. 5, 1. 20, " hoom agayne." L. 31, "And
this parlement," to p. 6, 1. 18, " take vp and brent." P. 7, 1, 12,
"also relece," to 1. 25, "to silence." P. 8, 1. 10, "The arche-
bisshop," to 1. 13, "deliuerid." L. 18, "so evir," to last line,
" executid it not." P. 10, 1. 3, " I have do," to 1. 22, " evirmore."
P. 11, 1. 11, " Thanne the king," to p. 12, 1. 2, " Cauntirbury."
L. 12, " Ferthirmore," to last line, " so they dede." P. 13, 1. 31,
" and therto thay," to p. 14, 1. 29, " that saw it." P. 16, 1. 1,
" and saide," to p. 17, 1. 2, " ynoughe." L. 6, "And aftirward," to
p. 18, last line, " comyng," &c, P, 19, 1. 9, " and was anoynted,"
to 1. 13, " king Eicharde," L. 15, " and deliuerid," to 1, 19, " par
lement," " L, 21, " and made sir Roger," to p. 20, 1. 2, " not

PEEFACE.

void." L. 11, "The kyng also," to 1. 26, "Reigate," L. 29,
"And on of," to p. 21, L 2, "money." L, 11, " and meny," to
1. 13, " house}." L. 25, " Whanne kyng Richard," to 1. 26, "his
counseL" P. 22, 1. 9, "breek the trewe3," to 1. 20, "be him.''
L. 22, "broughte," to 1. 25, " ayen." P. 23, 1. 12, "Also a
womman," to 1. 16, " the mater." L, 21, " And about this tyme,"
to p. 29, 1. 24, "he was alive." P, 31, 1, 11, "And the cause," to
p. 34, 1, 2, "was cesid." P. 35, 1. 1, " And this," to 1. 9; "mensoun,"
&c. P. 36, 1. 14, "And this same," to 1. 17, "newe thyngis."
P. 37, 1. 16, "This same yeer," to 1. 24, "vncle3 wiff." L. 27,
" And this same yeer," to last line " in no wise."
Thus far our compiler has drawn from the Eulogium : deviations
under Henry V. are, —
P. 43, 1. 4, « And whilis," to 1. 26, " our lady." P. 44, 1. 6,
" And anon aftir, to 1, 18, " VernuUe." P. 46, 1. 4, " And this
same tyme," to L 5, " manne."
The whole of the reign of Henry VI. is quite different from that
in the printed text of Caxton, though agreeing in matter as far as
page 78, with the exception of the following variations: — P. 54,
1. 28, " And this," to last line, " peple." P. 56, 1. 25, " And
among," to p. 60, 1. 25, " not longe aftir." The particulars on p. 61.
P. 64, 1. 1, " And this," to 1, 22, " it was said." P. 70, 1. 21,
" whoos godfadres," to 1. 25, ''baptized." Last line, " The xxxiij
yere," to p. 77, L 8, " he dyed." P. 78, 1. 7, " One of the causes,"
to 1. 25, " for theyme.-" From the last line of this page to the end,
it is an exception when there is any agreement in matter between
the two chronicles.
The Eulogium is the larger of two chronicles which fill a folio
volume, on vellum, of 206 leaves, which has been partially injured

Xll PEEFACE.
by the fire of 1731. The shorter chronicle embraces from theNativity
of our Lord to the year 1364, ending with the colophon, " Corpus
scribentis benedicat lingua legentis." It commences on the 4tn
leaf, and is preceded by an alphabetical table of contents or index
to the Eulogium, That history begins on the 16th leaf with an
interesting introduction, in which the writer apologises for his want
of learning,* and pleads that the persuasion of the prior. of his
house not less prevailed in inducing him to undertake the historian's
labour than did his own wishes, f He has divided his work mto
five books. I. From the Creation of the World to the Ascension of
our Lord. II. The preaching of the Apostles, deaths of Martyrs,
Assumption of the Virgin, the Eoman Popes, &c. III. First habi
tation of Italy ; building of Rome ; history of the Emperors, Pagan
and Christian. IV. The Geography of the World, showing what
parts are habitable and what not, provinces, seas, rivers, &c.,
especially the geography of Britain. V. A Chronicle from Brute
to A..D. 1362,1 continued to a.d. 1413, The author himself gave
his work the title of Eulogium. §
It may be inferred that the writer of our English Chronicle was
of the same monastery as the authors of the Eulogium, since at
* Occupatio infructuosa me multa scire impedit.
f Eogatus enim pluries a Priore meo Claustrali quod de gestis antiquorum, de partibus
propinquis ac remotis, de mirabilibus, de bellis, de gestis antiquis Christianorum et paga-
norum, modo chronico, aliquid actitarem, ita ut tetra otia, omnino infructuosa, levius
evaeuarem. J " Terminatum est hoc opusculum in anno Domini 1362, sub rege Edwardo a Con-
questu tertio." By a misreading of the figures this Chronicle has been described as ending
in 1367 in a MS. note on the fly-leaf, and the mistake has been frequently copied. No
change in the hand occurs till 1364, where the writer who finished the volume commences.
§ Quia ex laboribus antiquorum aliqua paucula medullata extraxi, hoc libellum conglo-
batum Eulogium volo norainari. Non enim sine causa Eulogium illud assero, quia stu-
dentibus et orantibus maximam prtestabit recreationem cum voluerint a labore quiescere.

PREFACE. xiii
the time of the compilation of the English text that history
probably had not travelled beyond its convent walls. It never
appears to have been multiplied, as only two copies are known to
exist, that in the Cottonian collection, and another in the library of
Trinity College, Cambridge. (R. vn. 2.)
A controversy exists, however, as to the locality, of the Eulogium.
Leland in his Collectanea (vol. i. pt. ii, p. 302-314), at the head of
several extracts from it, some of which the reader will recognise,
has placed the following heading: "Ex altero chronico Mail-
dulphesbiriensis monasterii, cui titulus Eulogium historiarum, autore
monacho ejusdem loci, sed incerti nomlnis." Leland conveys a
false impression when he adds, " ex prologo apparet scriptum fuisse
hoc chronicon, flagitante Priore Maildulphesbiriensi." No house
is mentioned. He is' also wrong in the date, " Terminatum est hoc
opusculum, anno Domini 1361 ;" but has given the right date (1362)
in his^second volume. Leland, it appears from the heading to his
second body of extracts (vol. ii, pt. i, p. 395-398), judged only from
certain internal evidence — "quibusdam conjecturis ducor." These
conjectures were no doubt founded on the fact that there is much
relating to the foundation of Malmesbury abbey in the second book,
and several notices of that abbey are dispersed throughout the work.
Bishop Tanner has followed Leland in opposition to the Cottonian
Catalogue. In that catalogue the work is attributed to Ninian, a
monk of Canterbury, on the authority of the writer of a long note,
opposite the introduction to the Eulogium, who has made this state
ment from Caius, "De antiquitate Cantabngiensis Academise," 1568 ;*
* P. 67 : " Ninianus quoque in Eulogio Historiarum has easdem urbes recenset ; et
Nennius in catalogo urbium." P. 273 ; " Eulogii enim libro quinto (quem monachus
Cantuariensis, non Maildunensis, ut Lelandus ait, scripsit), ubi de Arvirago sermo est, sic
scribitur, " Vespasianus mare sulcans," &c. (Comp, Eul. f. 127.)

XIV PEEFACE.
adding, as another argument for the locality of Canterbury, that the
author calls saint Thomas the archbishop his patron.*
Mr. Maeray has suggested that this work may have been con
founded with Nennius's Eulogium Britannias. This appears to have
been the case with the writer of the note alluded to, who refers us in
Bale to Nennius, the old British writer, or to Ninian, the apostle to
the Picts. f But Caius does not appear to have been so misled, and
in his list of writers has astonished the writer of the note by quoting
" Nennii, Elwodugi discipuli, Eulogium," " Ninianus," and " Eulo
gium historiarum," as different works. It does not appear why he
has separated the two last.
The Cottonian copy of the Eulogium formerly belonged to Dr.
Dee, the philosopher of Mortlake, as his note on the first page of the
index states: " Joes Dee, 1574; September 25. Of the gift of Mr.
Dyckenson at Popular by Mr. John Stow the cronicler .... (three
words illegible) Lsdon." From the Diary of Dr. Dee, and Cata
logue of his library, published by the Camden Society in 1842, we
find among his books, " Eulogium temporis a condito orbe in annum
Christi 1367,1 monachi cujusdam Niniani .... pergamento, fo."
Dr. Dee therefore agreed in the opinion of Caius on the authorship
of this book.
Such is the controversy. It is much to 'be regretted that we are
not able to assign this English Chronicle either to Canterbury or to
Malmesbury with any certainty.
* " Inter cetera mirabilia, unum licet enarrare de sancto Thoma meo patrono Cantuar.
Metropol., accidit enim ipso exulante primo exilii sui anno." (Compare also p. \i of this
volume.) t "Pro his Nenniis et Ninianis vide Bale, De Scriptoribus Anglic, centur. 14,
foi, 192; centur. 10, foi. 27; centur. 1, foi. 60, et 72, et 14."
X See note on page xii.

PREFACE. XV
The reader is indebted, with me, to sir Frederic Madden, for the
two interesting chapters which are placed at the commencement of
the Appendix (p. 111-118). The chapter on the death ofthe duke
of Gloucester appears to be especially valuable, I extract the fol
lowing remarks from sir Frederick Madden's description of the MS.
from which the transcripts are taken : —
The Manuscript is a folio on vellum and paper, in the library of
the duke of Bedford at Woburn, and was written in 1448 by
Richard Fox, of St. Alban's, as appears by a note on the 5th leaf
from the end, and the narae in several other places. It begins with
a table of contents filling 6 folios, at the end of which are the names
of the kings of England from William the Conqueror to Henry VI.
in three hexameter lines. Immediately below which the name of
the writer occurs.
On folio 7 the Chronicle commences thus : " Alf rede was the fyrst
kynge that euer was anoynt in this londe. After Elfrede regned his
brother Alfryde, a noble man and wyse," &c. The manuscript pro
ceeds regularly through the series of kings, compiled from several
authorities, until the end of the reign of Edward I. This part is
totally different from the Brute, and much fuller, particularly after
the Conquest; but from the accession of Edward II. until the close
(6 Hen. V.), it is the same as the Brute, yet occasionally has pas
sages not in the common copies ; as, for instance, the account of the
18th and 19th years of Eichard II. (See Appendix, p. 111-115.)
The Chronicle ends like the usual version of the Brute, " restede
hym in the castelle tyl the towne was Sette in rewle and govern
aunce." (6 Hen. V.)
After this follow the deposition articles of Eichard II. and the
coronation of Henry IV., chiefly translated from the Eolls of Parlia-

xvi PEEFACE.
ment, but containing additions of great interest. At the end is
written, " And thus enduth the Deposynge of kyng Eicharde the
secounde aftre the Conqueste. Quod Eychard Fox
Off seynt Albones.
An° Dfii M' cccc xl. viij°."
Next comes the interesting tract relative to the death of the duke
of Gloucester. (See Appendix, p. 116-118.) Then the Acts ofthe
parliament at Winchester (27 Hen. VL), five lines of verse on the
deposing of Eichard II. , and some orders ofthe common council of
London relative to the fellowship of cooks and butlers, about fees
and customs at the lord mayor's feast.
The nature of my obligation to sir Frederick Madden I have
already stated, and I desire to offer him my thanks. I am indebted
also to John Gough Nichols, Esq. for some kind suggestions while
the work was at press, owing to which it is more perfect than it
would have been ; and to my friend the Eev. William Dunn Maeray,
M.A. of New College, Oxford, and of the Bodleian Library, for the
kind assistance he has often given, and always been ready to give
me ; and for having compared the pages of the Chronicle as they
passed through the press with the manuscript, by which revision
some mistakes were avoided.
April, 1856.

A CHRONICLE

REIGNS OF RICHARD IL, HENRY IV.,
HEMY v., AND HENRY VI.

RICHARD II.

Of Kyng Richard the secunde aftir the Conquest, Hie sone of Prince capitulum oxiii.
Edwarde ; and of the risyng tyme ; and of meny othir notable Poiio 145 b,
thyngis.
i FTIE King Edward the iij'^®, that was bore at Wyndesore, a. d. 1377.
''-^ regned Richard the secunde, the sone of prince Edwarde, that [I'eign began
1 -n 1 1 % TTT . , , June 22nd.]
was bore at Burdeux, and crouned at W estmynstre in the xj. yeer
of his age.
And the ij'^^ yeer of his regne began a debaat betuene the lord Anno ij.
Latymer and ser Raaff fferers knyghte^ and Johan Hawie and
Richard Shakele squyers, for the erl of Dene, that was take prisoner
in the bataille of Spayne,* be the said squiers ; the whiche prisoner
the lord Latymer and the said ser Raaf wolde haue had. And thay
of Spayne sente to the king for delyueraunce of the said erl ; but the
* The battle of Navaretta, fought between Najarra and Navaretta, in which Peter the
Cruel, aided by the Black Prince, obtained a victory over his brother Henry and the
French, and regained the Crown of Castile, A, D. 1367. The Earl of Denia, in Valen
cia, was among the prisoners.
CAMD. SOC. B

2 A CHEONICLE.
A.D. 1378-9. y_ squiers dredyng* that thay sholde lese the raunsoun of thair
prisoner, and wolde not brynge him forth atte kyngis commaunde-
ment. Wherfore the kyng was wroth, and saide that thay hadde
maad a prison in thair owen house withynne his reme ayens his
wille and commaundement : and therfore he sente thaym to the tour
of Londoun ; and thay brak out therof and fledde to Westmynstre.
And the constable of the tour and the said lord Latymer and ser
Raaff" fferrers wente to Westmynstre, and wolde haue brought
thaym agayne, but thay made defens, and Hawle was slayn in the
chirche atte gospel of the high masse, and anon the moiike3 cesid of
Fragment A, diuine serui3e; and meny sundaie3 aftirward, the said persone3
were denounced acursid, as brekers and defoulers of thair privilegis ;
and wolde not halow ne reconsile agayn thair chirche. The king
sente meny tyme3 be his writtes to the Abbot of Westmynstre, forto
appere befor him, and forto cece of his cursyng, and that he sholde
halowe agayn his chirche, and serve God therynne aftir the fandacion
therof, and alle the mater sholde be bro3t to a good ende. But the
abbot wolde not appere, ne cece of the castyng of the cen-
suris of the chirche, for he saide that the chirche of Westmynstre was
halowed be saint Petir be myrakille, and therfore it nedid not to be
halo wed of non othir manne, and shewde and broughte forth the cro-
nicle how saint Petir halowed it, as folowethe ....
* « # *
A. b. endowed with meny possessiouns and privilegis. And whanne the
tyme was come that the chirche sholde be halowed, and aUe thyng
was redy that was necessary to the solennite therof, Mellit, Bisshop
of Londoun, lay in his tentis the ny3t before the dedicacioun, and
there was greet concours and multitude of peple, not onli for deuo-
cion but also forto se the newe and unkid solennite. And the same
nyghte, on the ferthir side of the Tharayse, saint Petu', in liknesse
and in the habit of a pilgryme apperid to a fissher, and behighte
* See note at the end of the volume.

RICHARD II. 3
him for his trauail, to sette him ouer the watir ; and whanne he was A.D. 1378-9.
come ouer, he wente into the chirche, and anon sodenli the chirche
was ful of heuenli lighte that made the nyghte as light and as cleer
as the day. And with saint Petir 
* * « *
Reme, and paide for hir xxij. m' marc. Ther was offrid vnto him Polio 146.
the erlis dou3ter of fflaundris, with whom he sholde haue had alle
fflaundris, but he refusid hir, and aftirward the duke of Burgoyne
weddid hir, and be hir he was erl of fflaundris.
The vij. yeer of king Richard, the ffrenshemen and the Scottis Anno vij".
were confederid to gedir, and ordeyned iij, grete ostis forto haue
come in to Engelond, and the Scottis sholde haue come yn in the
north, and the other ij. ostis in the est and west partie3. The king
heryng this, be avise of his counsel, gadrid an huge ost and wente in
to Scotland; but the Scottis durste not fi3te with him, his power was
so greet : the othir ij. ostis of the Frenshemenne cam not, for thay
lay longe tyme in the hauene of Scluys, abidyng wynd and wedir,
but the wynde wolde nevir serue thaym but alwey was ayens thayme,
Thanne the king brende the toun of Edinburgh, and cam in to Eng
lond ayenne.
And this same tyme, king Richard made the erlle of Oxen-
forde and ser Michael de la Pole, and othir flaterers, chief of his
counsel ; and be thaym was gouerned.
The viij. yeer of King Richard, ser Edmund of Langley, erl of Annoviij.
Cambrigge, the kingis uncle, wente in to Portugale, with a faire com-
panie of meune of arme3 and archiers, to helpe and strengthe the
king of Portugale ayens the king of Spayne ; and there the king of
Portugale hadde the victory, thorough help of Englishmenne ; and Polio 146 b.
aftir this journey the erl cam hoom agayne. .
This same yeer king Richarde held his Cristemasse at Eltham ;
and thider cam to him the king of Ermonie,* that was drive out of
* Leo, King of Armenia. — See note.

4 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1384-5. his lond be the Turkis, to axe of him help and socour : and the kinge
yaf him grete yiftis, and so he retourned hoom ayeene.
Anno ixo. The ix. yeer of king Richard, he held a parlement at West
mynstre, and there he made ij. dukis, a markeys, and v. erlis.
Fflrst, he made ser Edmund of' Langley, erl of Cambrige, his vncle,
duke of York ; and his othir vncle, ser Thomas of Wodestoke, that
was erl of Bukynghame, he made duke of Gloucestre ; and the erlle
of Oxenforde he made markeys of Dyuelyn, and commaunded that
he sholde be callid duke of Yrlonde ; ser Harri of Bolyngbroke, the
duke3 sone of Lancastre, he made erl of Derby ; ser Edward, the
dukis sone of York, he made erl of Roteland; ser John Holond,
the erlis brothir of Kent, he made erl of Huntyngdoun; ser Thomas
Mowbray, erl of Notyngham, he made erl marchal of Engelond ; and
ser Michael de la Pole, knyghte, he made erl of Suffolk and Chaun-
celler of Engelonde.
And at this same parlement, the erl of March, in the playn
parlement among alle the lordis and comune3, was proclamed heir
parent, and next to the croune aftir king Richard : the which erl
sone aftir was slayn in Yrlond with the wilde Yrishmenne ....

Fragment B. be couusel of a Burgeis of Londoun, cam to Westmynstre, wenyng
[Annoxj».] to haue discomfited thaym with helpe of men of Londoun. The
Archebisshop of Canterbury besoughte the king that he wolde admitte
thaym to his presence pesibly, withoute eny greuaunce, for to trete of
pee}, and the kyng it graunted vnder his feith, and so the archebis-
shoppe wente, and broughte thaym befor the king, sitting in West
mynstre halle, and thair ost abood withoute. Thanne saide the kyng,
" Who raade you so hardy forto arise and arme you ayens the pees of
me, and of my reme ? " The duke of Glovcestre ....
'I' '1* ^ 5jJ
A. b. same place forto refourme pee} betuene thaym, and the kyng it

RICHARD II. 5
grauntid. But in the morow, he chaunged his purpos, and wente to A.p. i387-i
the tour of Londoun ; and the lordis cam with thair power in to
saint Johannes feld, and sente for the mair of Londoun, and he ladde
thaym in to Guyldehalle, and alle the Cite was vnto thaym frendly
and wellwillid. Thanne sente the kyng for the lordis tp come and
speke with him in the tour, and thay saide the place was. not sure,
but out of the tour thay were redy to speke withe him. Tho
comaunded the kyng the mair of Londoun, forto reise and arme the Folio 147,
Cite agayns thayme. " Sire," saide the mair, " God it forbede ! thay
bith your trew lige men, and frendis to the reme." The kyng was
wrothe, and sente the duke of Yrlond with his lettris patenti} , and
with his baner displaid, in to Chestreshire, forto brynge a power of
Chesshiremen and othir. And the v. lordis beforsaide mette with
him beside Oxenforde, with the kyngi3 baner displaid ; and anon as
the duke wiste what thay were, he fledde, and rood ouer the
Thamyse in to the yle of Shepeye, and fro thenne3 he wente ouer se
in to Almayne, and nevir cam agayne. And the lordis beheddid the
chief knyght that was with the duke, and took fro thayme the kyiige3
baner, and folde it gedir, and bettyn the Chesshiremen, and droof
thaym hoom agayne, and seue ......
maister Alisaunder Nevile, Archebisshoppe of York, fledde also ouer
se, as befor ys saide, and cam neuer agayne.
Thanne thise v. lordis ordeyned a parlement at Westmynstre ;
and there, ser Robert Tresilian, a justice ; Nicholl Brembre, knyghte
and cite3eyn of Londoun ; ser Johan Salisbury, a knyghte of the
kynge3 hous ; and ser Simon of Beverley, a worthi knyghte of the
garter, for whom the queue knelid befor the v. lordis to haue saued
his Iif, but she myght not be herd ; ser John Beauchampe, kny3t,
stiward of the kyngis hous ; ser Jame} Berners, and othir, were foUo 147 b.
iugid to be drawe and hanged : and ser Sitnon of Beuerley was be
heddid atte Tour hill. And this parlement endurid fro Candelmasse
to midsomer.
And tlio-v. lordis were quyt before the justice} of alle thyng that

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1387-8.

Fragment C.

Anno xij".

C. b
[Anno xiv.]

was put ayens thaym, and made a lawe and an ordenaunce, that yf
the parlement appelid or enpechid eny man of eny cryme, he sholde
be dampned withoute ansuer, for with the parlement he my3te not
fi3te ; and made the parlement appele meny men of meny thyngis
that thay were not gilti of, and exilid for euermore the forsaid duke
of Yrlond, ser Michael de la Pole, and maister Alisaunder Nevile,
archbishop of York, and dyvers othir. And thay made alle men of
the parlement swere to ohserue and kepe alle the ordenaunce} and
statutis that were ymaad in the saide parlement ; and made also
the kyng swere agayne forto kepe his lawe}, and that he shold
folowe the counsel of his trewe lorde}, and not of suche flaterers as
were aboute him ; and that he sholde nevir hurte ne enpeche eny of
thaym for that thay hadde do in the said parlement ; and of this
the kyng, though he baar it hevili, graunted unto thaym a chartre
of pardoun.
And this yeer deide maister John Wiclif, and was buried at
Lutterworthe, where he was parsoun ; but aftirward, be sentence of
the chirche, his bones were take vp and brent.
The xij. yeer of king Richard, duryng this same parlement, he
leet crie and ordeyne general justis at Londoun, in Smythfeld, for
alle maner straungers, and othir that thider wolde com5: and thay
of the kyngis side were alle in on sute, thair cotearmuri}, sheldis,
hors-trappuris, and alle, was white hertis, with cronne} aboute
thair neckis, and cheynes of gold hangyng ther upon, and the cronne
hangyng lowe befor the hertis bodye, the whiche hert was the kyngis .
liverey, that he gaf to knyghtis and squiers and othir.
And atte firste comyng to thair justis, xxiiij, ladie} ladde xxiiij.
kny3tis of the gartir, with cheyne3 of gold, and alle in the same
sute her (sic) of hertis as before is said, fro the tour of Londoun,
on horsbak, thorou} the cite of Loudoun in to Smythfeld ....
* * * #
thorough alle Spayne, that the duke hadde sente in to Engelond for
a grettir ost ; and the kyng of Spayne wenyng it hadde be trewe.

EICHARD II. 7
and began to trete with the duke, and so thay were acordid in this a.d. 1390-1.
manere : that the king of Spayne sholde wedde the eldir doughtir
of the duke of Lancastre, that was righte heir to Spayne, and sholde [Anno xiv.]
yeue unto the duke an huge summe of money in hand, and euery
yeer aftir, duryng the livis of the duke and of the duchesse his wif,
X m' marc, of gold, the whiche gold thay of Spayne, atte thair
owen auenture and cost, sholde brynge yeerli vnto Baione, to the
duke} assignee} : and herof the king of Spayne made to the duke
good surete.
And the same tyme the duke marled anothir of his dou3tris to
the kyng of Portugale. And in that viage me ... .
^ tF Tf! JF
also relece the remenaunt of kyng Johannes raunsoun that was Fragment D.
unpaied ; and the duke said, forto bere the armes of Ffraunce it was
non availle ne profit, and Caleis greued more Engelond and dede
more hurt therto than profit, for the grete expensis aboute the
keping therof ; but the duke of Gloucestre and the erlis of Warwic
and of Arundelle gaynsaide it, and wolde not assente therto.
In this parlement, the duke of Lancastre axed and desirid that
his sone shold be the parlement haue be declarid and demyd as next
heir to the crovne ; but the erl of March withsaide it, and saide, he
was come of ser Leonel the secunde sone of king Edward : and the
duke saide, that kyng Harri the iij"!^. hadde ij. sone}, Edmund and
Edward, the whiche Edmund hadde a crokid bak and was a mys-
shape and an vnlik ....
* * * *
thaym to silence. D. b.
The XV. yeer of king Richard, he held his Cristemasse in the Annoxv".
maner of Wodestoke; and there the erlle of Penbroke, a yong
lord and tendir of age, wolde haue lerned to juste with a knyghte
callid ser John Saint Johan, and thay riden togedir in the park of
Wodestoke, and there the erl of Penbroke was slayn with that

A "CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1391-2.

Anno x\i<>.

othir knyghtis speer, as he cast it from him whanne thay hadde
coupid. The xvj, yeer of king Richard, Johan Hende, beyng that tyme
mair of Londoun, and John Walworth and Harri Vanner shirevis
of Londoun that same year, a bakeris man of Londoun baar a basket
ful of horsbred in to flleetstrete toward an ostrie hous, and there
cam a yoman of the bisshoppis of Sale,sbury, callid Romayh, and
took an horsloof out of the basket; and the baker axed him whi he
dede so, and this ....

Fragment E.
[Anno xx".]

Dux Grlouces-
trije captus est.

E. b.

The Archebisshop abood there vnto nyghte, wenyng to haue had
delyueraunce agayn of his brothir, and whanne he saw it wolde not
be, he wente hoom vnto Lambhithe fule of sorou. And on the
morow the king deliuerid the said erlle of Arundelle to on that was
his enemy, and he put him in prison in the yl« of Wyghte, and
anon alle the erlis godis were eschetid in to the kyngis hand.
The king also ares ted the erlle of Warwic in his owen court, and
sente him to the tour of Londoun.
And anon aftir the king rood with an huge company in to Essex,
to Plasshe, where the duke of Gloucestre lay ; and to him he saide,
" Thou wilt not come to me, and therfor I come to the, and I areste
the." The duke answerde to the king, and saide, " Sire, I truste
your grace and that 
« * # #
ffrensshemenne forto helpe him, and thay cam ridyng thorou} the
reme with thair speirs bore uprighte. And thanne the king sente
to eueri bisshope, abbotis, gentilmen, and marchauntis, and vnder
colour of borowyng he hadde of thaym an huge summe of money
neuer to be paid agayne ; so that a symple gentilman paide xl. ti.
Thanne the erl of Rutland, the erl of Huntingdoun, the erl of
Salisbury, the erl of Notynghame, and othir, appelid the duke of

RICHARD II. 9
Gloucestre, the erl of Arundell, and the erlle of Warwic of treson a.d. 1396-7.
doon ayens the king the x. and xj. yeer of his regne, and the kyng
sente a justice to the said duke of Gloucestre, forto axe and enquire
of him, how he wolde excuse him of such thyngis and appelis as were
put and laid ayens him ; and the duke wroot 

In the xxj. yeer of king Richard, he ordeyned and held a parle- A.d. 1397-8,
ment at Westmynstre, that was callid the grete parlement, and this ^^™- ^^^''¦
parlement was maad onli forto sle the erlle of Arundelle and othir, ^''^8'"®°' ^¦
as thaym likid at that tyme. And for thair jugement, the kyng leet
make a long and large hous of tymber in the paleis at Westmynstre,
that was callid an Hale; couered with tile}, and open on bothe side3
and atte endis, that alle men myghte se thorough ; and the king
commaundid eueri lord, knyghte, and squier, forto bryng with thaym
thair retenue3, and come to the parlement as strong as thay myghte.^
And the king him self sente in to Chestreshire for a gret multitude
of yomenn and archiers, and thaym he held in his hous, and thaym
most loued and cherisshed aboue alle othir, the whiche ... j

Anno xxj".

so evir procurid, and orlabourid (sic), to the graunt of eny suche com- f, b.
missioun, he sholde be holde for a traitour. Also he reuoked alle
the statutis that were maad in the parlement holden the x. and xj.
yeer of his regne, and also alle the chartris of pardoun, and nameli
the pardoun that he grauntid frely to the erlle of Arundelle ; for, as
he saide, that was grauntid in preiudice of him and of his croune.
Also atte supplicacion of the parlement, he pardoned to the erlle of
Derby and the erlle of Notynghame the ridyng that thay rood with
the duke of Gloucestre ayens the duke of Yrlond ; and thay put
thaym in the kingis grace:, and also he pardoned thaym that were
put in the commission before rehersid, and executid it not. And
CAMD. SOC. c

10 A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1397. on the Monday the xvij. day of September this parlement was
begenne at Westmynstre

Folio 148. I haue do eny thing amys, I haue therof the kingis pardon." " That
pardon," saide the duke, " is reuoked be the parlement, for it was
grauntid whanne thou were kyng." The erl saide, " Yf that pardon
may not serve, I have anothir pardoun that the king grauntid me
frely v. yeer gone of his owen raocioun." " And that pardoun,^'
saide the duke, " is also reuoked be ordenaunce of the parlement."
" fforsoth," saide the erl, " the king may be his prerogatif graunte his
chartre of pardoun to whora it likith him, for alle maner of trespas ;
and yf ye haue ordeyned that he raay not or shal not do so, ye haue
do raore ayens his prerogatif thanne evir dede I ; and. yf thou, John
duke of Lancastre, were wel examned, thou hast do raore ayens the
kyng than I." Thanne the erlle was counselid to put him in the
kyngis grace, and he saide, '¦' I put me in the grace of the high kyng
of heuene, and for the lawe} and comune profit of Englond I am
redy to dye." And anon the duke yaf on him iugement and saide,
"The kyng pardoneth the thy drawyng and hankyng, but thyn
Judicium comi- bed shalle be smyte of atte tourhille, in the same place where ser
tis runde le. gjj^Qjj ^f Beuerley was beheddid, and thi childryn shall be dis-
heritid, and excludid fro the parlement and the kyngis counsel for
evirmore." Thanne on Saint Matthewe} day, apostel and euangelist, the erl
was lad fro the place of his jugement, and his handis bounde behynde
Folio 148 b. him, thorough the cite of Londoun unto the Tourhille, and there his
hed was srayte of. And vj. ofthe lordis that sat on his iugement, riden
with hira with greete strengthe of men of armes and archiers to se
thexecucion done aftir thair jugement, for thay dradde that the erl
sholde haue be rescued be thaym of Londoun : and thus deide the
gode erl and is buried atte ffrere Alastynes, in Londoun.
And on the morow ser Richard erl of Warwic was broughte in

RICHAED II, 11
to the parlement, in to the saide hale, and hadde the same iugement A.D. 1397.
as the erl of Arundel hadde, and, as his counsel bad him, he con-
fessid and saide, that alle that he hadde do, he dede be the counsel
and stiryng of the duke of Gloucestre and of the erl of Arundelle,
trustyng also in the holynes and wisdoum of the Abbot of Saint
Albone3, and of the Recluse of Westraynstre, that saide it was law-
fulle that he dede, " notwithstondyng," he saide, "if I haue do
amys, I put me in the kyngis grace;" and so be instaunce of lordis,
because he was of gret age his deth was relesid, and was dampned
to perpetuel prison in the Yle of Mann,
Thanne the king made thaym of the parlement forto acuse
maister Thomas Arundelle, archebisshoppe of Cauntirbury, because
he procurid and labourid forto be in the forsaid commissioun, and it
excutid and selid whanne he was chauncellere ; and the speker of the
parlement began to purpose ayens him, and the king bad him holde Folio 149.
his pee3 and say no more ayens his cosin, and bad the Archebisshope
go his way safli. And whanne he was go the kyng sente to him a
messager and commaunded him corae no more in the parlement, Nota dupiici-
and thanne he was exilid for euer, and that he sholde be privid of Eicard?^^'*
alle his godis .
And the Monday next aftir, the lord Cobharae of Kent, and ser
Johan Chejrne, kny3tis, were brought in to the parlement in to the
same hale, and there thay were iugid to be drawe and hangid, but
thoroughe praier and instaunce of the lordis, thair iugement was
foryeue thaym and relesid to perpetuel prisoun.
Thanne said the Archebisshoppe Arundelle, " I wille not go out
of this lond, here I was bore, and here I wille die." The king and
the duke of Lancastre wente to him, and the king saide unto hira in
this wise, " Fader, be not sory for to go out of this lond, for I
ensure you be my trouthe, that ye shal come agayn withynne short
tyme, and ther shal be non othir Archebisshoppe of Cauntirbury
while3 ye and I live." Thanne the Archebisshoppe took his leve,
and on Mighelraasse eve at Douor he wente ouer se to Rome.

12 A CHRONICLE.
A D. ] 397-8. And whanne he was go, the king made ser Rogere Walden, a
clerck of his owen, archebisshoppe of Cauntirbury. And he made also
at this parlement v. duke3, a markeis, and iiij. erlis. First, he
raade the erl of Derby, sir Henri of Bolyngbroke, duke of Hereforde;
the erlle of Rutland he raade duke of Avmarle ; the erlle of Kent
Folio 149 b. he made duke of Surreie; the erl of Huntyngdoun he made duke
of Excestre ; the erl of Notyngham he made duke of Norfolk ; the
erl of Somerset he raade raarkeis of Dorset ; the lord Spenser he
made erlle of Glovcestre ; the lord Nevile of Raby he made erl of
Westmerland ; ser Thomas Percy he made erlle of Worcestre ; and
ser William Scroope he made erl of Wilshire and Tresourer of Eng
lond. fferthirmore the kyng raade alle the raen of this parlement
coumpromitte in to xij. diuers persone3, continuyng the said parle
ment, that where and whanne it likid thayme thay myghte make
statutis aftir thair owen ordenaunce ; and made alle the lordis
swere vpon saint Edwardis shryne, forto kepe with al thair myghte
the statutis of the same parlement ; and atte request of the parle
ment, alle the Bisshoppis acursid at Poulis cros alle tho that dede
ayens the said statutis and ordenaunces. And whanne this was ydo,
the kyng wente in to the west cuntre.
Aftir this, the kyng in solenne daie3 and grete festis, in the
whiche he wered his croune and wente in his rial aray, he leet or
deyne and make in his charabir, a trone, wherynne he was wont to
sitte fro aftir mete vnto euensong tyme, spekynge to no man, but
ouerlokyng alle menu ; and yf he loked on eny raann, what astat or
degre that evir he were of, he moste knele.
Folio 150 Aftirward, at Notynghara, the kyng callid his counsel togedir,
Nota auariciam ^nd saidc, that he myghte not ride sureli in his Reme, for drede of
Regis Ricardi. •'° , .j..
men of Londoun, and of xvij. shiris lyying aboute ; and therfore he
wolde gadre a greet ost forto destroie thaym, lasse than thay
wolde fynde hira surete. Wherfore thay ordeyned, that Londoun and
euerich of tho shiris sholde gadre a gret surame of moneye, and in
token of pee} yeue it to the kyng ; and so thay dede.

RICHARD II, 13
And this same yeer fille a greet debaat and dissension, betuene a.d. 1398.
the duke of Hereford and the duke of Norfolk, in this wise. The ^°"° ''"J"'
duke of Norfolk tolde priueli, as it hadde be vnder confessioun, and
in gret counsel, to the duke of Hereforde, that the kyng hadde or- Quod vis habere
deyned to sle thaym bothe, because thay rood and aroos vith the ^-"^'ic™ "''""'
duke of Gloucestre. The duke of tiereforde saide, "The king
hath therof grauntid vs his pardoun." Thenne saide the duke of
Norfolk, " The kyng is not trewe, as it hath wel apperid be the
duke of Gloucestre and the erl of Arundel." The duke of Here
forde aftirward tolde this to his fader, the duke of Lancastre, and he
tolde it to the king. And whanne the kyng examned the duke of
Norfolk therof, he denyed it and forsook it ; and the duke of Here
ford avowed it befor him, and him appelid of treson and of the deth
of the duke of Gloucestre. Wherfore thay cast thair glovis and
wagid bataille, and the day of thair bataille was assigned at Couentre ;
at whiche day the kyng withe his lordis was there present ; and Folio l.^iO b.
whanne bothe dukis were redy in the place to do thair bataille, the
kyng toke thair quarelle in to his handis, and exilid tlie duke of
Hereforde for terme of x. yeer, and the duke of Norfolk for euer
more : the whiche duke of Norfolk deide aftirward at Veni3e. And
the kyng grauntid to the duke of Hereforde forto haue and receyue
yeerli a certayne pension of money out of Englond ; but he forbad
him and made him swere, that he sholde not speke with raaister
Thomas Arundelle ; for the king dradde alwey his counsel and his
wisdoum ; wherfore, as yt was said, the kyng so stirid and prouoked
ayens him the peple of the cuntre that he sholde passe be, that
unnethe he scapid with his Iif.
Ferthirmore the king and his counsel ordeyned blane chartris, and
made lordis spirituel and teraporel and othir worthi raen sette to
thaym thair sells ; and therto thay were most constreyned be the Nota of the
Bisshoppis, as it was said ; wherynne the king purposid aftirward, as etc.
men saide, to haue writen thise wordis — "Because that we befor

14

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1398.
Anno xxij".
A.D. 1398-9,
Folio 151.

Nota de aquiia
aurea, .

Polio 151 b.

[May Slst.]

this tyme haue greuously offendid your mageste, we yeue unto you
us and aUe our godis, at your wille."
1 The xxij. yeer of king Richard, he callid his counsel and saide he
wolde go in to Yrlond; but first he desirid to visite Saint Thoraas
of Cauntirbury, but he trust not welle in men of Londoun and of
Kent ; and the archebisshoppe of Cauntirbury assurid hira that he
myghte go saafly, and so he wente to Cauntirbury with a gret raayne
of Chesshire menne, and thay wacchid aboute him day and nyghte,
' and ech of thaym hadde vj d. a-day ; and whanne he cam to Caun
tirbury, tharchebisshoppe fedde him and his men rialli ; and aftir
broughte hira to Londoun agayne.
Thanne wente the king in to the tour of Londoun, and baar out
therof alle the precious iewelx that his predecessours hadde put there
to be kept; and araong othir thyngis, he fond there an egle of gold,
and withynne the egle a violle of stoone closid, with a writyng
aboute ; the whiche writyng saide that our lady delyuerid that egle
and the violle to Saint Thoraas of Cauntirbury while3 he was exilid,
and saide to hira that with the oille that was in the violle, the gode
kyngis of Englond that sholde come aftirward sholde be ennoynted ;
and on of tho kyngis sholde gete agayn alle the lond that his aunces-
tris hadde lost, withoute strengthe ; and he sholde be grettist of alle
kyngis, and he sholde bilde meny chirchis in the holi lond, and
sholde driue alle the paynemes out of Babiloun, and there he shal
make meny chirchis, and as ofte as he berith the said egle on his
brest he shal haue the victory of his enemie3, and his kjmgdora shall
evir encrece; and this oynement shalle be founde in couenable
tyme : and this egle baar king Richard alwey aboute his necke.
Thanne made the kyng his testament fulle greuous and preiudi-
ciall to the reme, as thay saide that saw it ; and made ser Edmund
of Langley, duke of York, lieutenaunt of Englond; and thanne
wente he forth in to Yrlond.*

* He sailed from Milford Haven on the 29th of May,
last ofthe month.

and landed at Waterford on the

EICHARD II. 15
And whanne he hadde be there a litilltyme, ser Henri of Bolyng- A.D, 1399,
broke, erl of Derby and duke of Hereforde, whom kyng Richard ^oc anno obut
¦' dux Lancas-
hadde exilid, heryng that his fader ser John of Gaunt, duke of Lan- trias.*
castre, was ded, cam doun out of ffraunce vnto Caleys. And there
mette with him maister Thomas Arundelle that was archebisshoppe of
Camttirbury, and the sone and heir of the erl of Arundelle, that was [Anno xxiij".]
broke out of prison of the castelle of Reygate ; and thay shippid at
Caleys, and cam in to Englond, and landid at Rauenesporne in the [July 4th.]
north cuntre. And there mette with thaym the erlle of Northum-
birlond withe a gret power to helpe and socoure the said duke, that
cam for non othir entent, as he saide, thanne forto chalange the
duchie of Lancastre his enheritaunce.
The duke of York that was lieutenaunt of Engelond wolde haue
gon ayens thayme, but noman wolde folowe him ; and ser William
Scroope, tresorer of Englond, offrid men wonder large wage}, but he
coude noman haue, for no money.
Thanne wroot the said duke of Hereforde to the cite3eyns of Lon- Folio 152.
doun, and callid hiraself duke of Lancastre and stiward of Englond,
and saide that he wolde refourrae and araende that was arays ; and
anon Londoun him fauerid and supportid, and alle the kyngis casteUis
were delyuerid to the duke. Ser William Scrooppe, tresorer of
Engelonde, Busshe, Bagot, and Grene, knyghtis, that were the kyngis
chief counselours, fledde in to the castel of Bristowe, and wolde
haue gon in to Yrlond, but thay were take, and thair heddis smyte
of : but Bagot ascapid in to Yrlonde and was take aftirwarde.
Whanne kyng Richarde herde telle alle this, he cam in haste out [August
of Yrlond in to Walls, and abood in the castell of fflynt to take counsel
what was best to do ; but no counsel cam to him, and alle his ost
landid in diuers parties ^^^ wolde not folowe hira. Thanne ser
Thomas Percy, stiward of the kyngis hous, "brak the rod of his office
* February Brd.
¦f- Richard arrived at Milford Haven on this day. See "Chronique de la traison et mort
de Ric. II.," edited by Benjamin Williams, F.S.A. (Eng. Hist. Soe), p. 194.

16 A CHRONICLE,
A,D, 1399, in the halle befor alle men and saide, " The king wille no lenger
holde householde," and anon alle the kyngis mayne forsook him, and
lefte him alone. Tho cursid the kyng the vn trouthe of Englond,
and saide, " Alias ! what trust is in this fals worlde ! "
Thanne wrot the duke to the stiward of tlie Archebisshoppe of
Cauntirbury, ser Roger Waldenne, commaundyng him on peyne of
his hed to kepe alle the godis of the forsaid ser Roger to the vse of
Folio 152 b. maister Thomas Arundelle, and anon the said Roger remeued alle his
iewelx out of the paleis of Cauntirbury, and thay were take at
Rouchestre and put in to the castelle there to be kept safly.
[Augustl9th.*] Whanne this was ydo, the duke and maister Thomas Arundel
wente to the kyng to the castel of Flynt, and aftir a fewe wordis
thay tolde hira shortly he sholde no lenger regne ; and thanne raaister
Thomas Arundelle saide vnto him in this wise : " Thou art a fair
man, but thou art falsest of alle menne. Thou promisist and assurid
me, sweryng on Goddis Body, that thou woldes, do my brothir non
harm; and whanne I hadde brou3t him to thi presence, I myste
nevir se him aftir. Thou also promisest me to calle me agayn in
haste fro myn exile, and that ther sholde nevir be othir archebisshoppe
of Caunterbury but I, whiles I livid; and now thou hast maad
anothir archebisshop, and also procurid my dethe. Thou hast not
rewlid thi reme and thi peple, but hast spoilid thaym be fals raisyngis
of taxes ^nd talages not to the profit of the reme, but forto fulfille
and satisfie thi cursid couetise and pride. Thou hast alwey be
rewlid be fals flaterers, folowyng thair counsel and thaym avaunsyng
befor alle othir trew raen, refusyng the counsel of thi trew lordis ;
and because thay wolde haue withstonde thi cursid raalice as reson
Polio 153. wolde, thow hast thayra slayne unrightfulli, and disheritid thair heiris
for evirraore, aftyr thyn ordenaunces and statutis ; but thay shalle
not longe stonde, be Goddis'grace. Thou hast also livid incontinentli
and lecherousli, and with thi foulle and cursid ensample thou hast
* See " Chronique de la traison," p. 207.

RICHAED If. 17
enfectid thi court and thi reme." Tharme saide the duke, " No a.d. 1399.
more, ye haue said ynoughe." The kyng wist not what he sholde say,
but yeld him vnto the duke and saide he wolde resigne and renounce
his righte ; and thanne he was lad to the tour of Londoun, and there [Sept. 1st.]
ykept in strong hold.
And aftirward in the vigili of saint Mighelle, were sent vnto him [Sept. 28th.]
bishoppis, erlis, barons, knys tis, and notaries, forto enquire and wite
of him, if he wolde resigne as he hadde promised. First he said
Nay, and thanne thay saide unto him that he moste nedis resigne
withoute eny condicioun, and delyuerid him a cedule conteynyng
the fourme pf his resignacioun ; and he redde it in presence of the
forsaid duke and of meny othir lordis and a gret multitude of peple ;
wherof the tenour was this : " I, Richard kyng of Englond, re- Nota resigna-
nounce and resigne alle the right that I haue in the croune of Eng- ^°^^"; ^^^'°
lond with thappurtenaunce} ; that is to say, in the reme} of Englond
and ffraunce, Yrlond and Scotland, and in the duchie} of Guyenne
and of Normandie, and in the counte of Pountif, and in Walls,
Caleis, and alle othir castellis and fortalice}, that I haue now or may Folio 153 b,
haue aftirward be righte, beyonde the se and in this side, or in eny
parti of thayme, for me and myne heyris for euermore." And wit-
nessi} there present requirid notaries to make instrumentis vpon that
resignacioun. And thanne kyng Richard confessid how he hadde
gretly trespast ayens God and the reame, and that he was not worthi
forto regne, for he wiste welle, he saide, that he loued nevir the
peple, ne the peple him.
After this, the duke wente to Westraynstre, and there he was re- [Sept. 29th.]
ceyued with procession solemly of bishoppis and raonkis, and there
was said a solenne masse of the Holi Gost ; and aftir masse, he
wente in to the halle and the kyngis ^werd was bore befor
him, and there he sat doun in his fader sete, and othir lordis
sat there also, and moche peple standyng aboute; and there
was red openli the forsaid resignacioun of king Richard, and was
acceptid of alle peple. And thanne were there red and declared
CAMD. SOC. D

18 A CHEONICLB.
A.D. 1399. meny notable and grete defautis that king Richard hadde do ayens
his oth, and the lawe} of the reme, and how he hadde exilid and
slayn his lordis that were pieris of the reme, and meny othirt hyngis :
wherfore he was deposid, and, in the narae of alle men of Englond,
proctours there assigned yeld up to hym thair homage} ; and mais-
Foiio 154. ter Thomas Arundelle, be comune assent of alle that were there,
dampned the said king Richard to perpetuelle prisoun.
Thanne aros the said duke of Lancastre and of Hereforde, and blis-
sid him, and redde in a bille how he descendid and cam doun lynealli
of kyng Harri the sone of king Johan, and was the nexte heir male
ofhisblod, and for that cause he chalanged the croune; and alle the
lordis and comune} assentid therto.
Thanne aroos the Archebishoppis of Cauntirbury and of York and
kiste his handis, and ladde him to the kynggis sete that was for him
rialli araid ; and the Archebisshoppe of Cauntirbury, Arundelle, made
there a colacion, and his theme was this : " Vir fortis dominabitur
populo : " that is to say, A strong man shalle be lord ovir the
peple. And aftir the colacioun, the Chaunceller of Englond theliverid
the seel unto the kyng Harri, and othir officers delyuerid vp also
vnto him thair sells and offices, and the kyng forthwith put thaym
yn agayn. And thanne tharchebisshoppe Arundelle notified vnto the
peple, that the king wolde be crovned at Westraynstre on samt Ed
wardis day, commaundyng alle menn to be atte parlement on the
Monday next comyng, &c.

19

HENRY IV.

Of kyng Harri of Bolyngbroke, duke of Lancastre'and of Hereforde ca", cxivj.
, and erl of Derby ; that was the iiif'^ Harri aftir the Conquest. Folio 154 b.
"ITThanne kyng Richard was deposid and putt out of his kyng- A.D. 1399.
' ' doum, the lordes and the comunes chosen ser Harri of Bolyng- [Reign began
broke, duke of Lancastre and of Hereforde and erlle of Derby, ^^ '
sone and heir to Johan of Gaunt duke of Lancastre, to be kyng of
Engelonde ; and he was crouned at Westmynstre on saint Edwardes
day, of maister Thoraas Arundelle, archebisshoppe of Cauntirbury, [Monday, Oct.
and was anoynted with the oyl of the egle before rehersid : and he
was the firste that was anoynted therwith, as it was said.
Thanne continued he the parleraent that king Richarde hadde be-
gonne, and therynne adnullid and hadde for noughte alle the orde
naunces ^iid statutis that there were raaad be king Richarde ; and
restorid the erlis sone of Arundelle to his landis, and made him
erlle off Arundelle ; and delyuerid the erlle of Warwic and the lord
Cobham and othir out of prisoun ; and brende openli at Londoun
alle the blane chartris that kyng Richard and his counselle hadde
corapellid raen to sele ; and disgradid alle the dukis that kyng
Richarde hadde maad in his laste parlement, and restored ayenne
maister Thomas Arundelle to his Archebi^shopperiche of Cauntir
bury ; and made ser Roger Waldenne, whom kyng Richard hadde FoUo 155.
maad Archebisshoppe, bisshop of Londoun, that tyme bejmg void ;
and made the said ser Roger forto restore alle that he hadde take
of tharchebisshopriche of Cauntirbury vnto Arundelle : ffor the pope
Boneface dampned and adnullid the iugement that king Richard

20 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1399- hadde yeue ayens the said Arundel be a buUe, and declarid be the
^^^"^ same that the chirche of Cauntirbury was not void.
This kyng Harri made Harri his eldest sone and heir Prince of
Walis, duke of Cornewaille, and erl of Chestre.
Anno primo, ^^d this Same yeer king Harri held his Cristemasse at Wynde
sore, and on xij**''' evyn cam thider vnto him the duke of Aumarle,
and tolde him how that he, and the duke of Surrey, the duke of
Excestre, the erlle of Salisbury, the erl of Gloucestre, and othir mo
of thair assent, were acordid to make a mommyng to the kyng on
xij'he day at nyghte, and in that mommyng they purposid to sle him.
The kyng was also warned therof in anothir maner. The Arche-
bisshooppe of Cauntirbury, Arundelle, aftir new yeris day, re
meued fro Cauntirbury toward Wyndesore forto haue be withe
the kyng on xij. day. And in the mene tyme a raan of the kyngis
hous lay alle nyghte with a comyne wommanne in Londoun, and in
the raorou she saide to hira, "Farwelle frende," saide she, "for
I shalle nevir se the more." " Whi so ?" saide he. " Forsoth," saide
Folio 155 b. she, " for the erlle of Huntyngdoun, the erl of Salesbury, the duke of
Surrey, and meny othir, lyen in waite aboute Kyngestoun, forto sle
the kyng and the Archebisshoppe as thay come fro Wyndesore, pur
posing to restore king Richard ayenne to his kyngdoum." " How
knowest thou this ? " saide he. " Forsoth," saide she, " on of thair
men lay with me the lattir nyght, and told rae this." And he anon
in haste rood to the kyng, and tolde him as the wommanne hadde said ;
and the kyng warned tharchebisshoppe herof be a messager, and he
retourned ayen in to the castelle of Reigate.
Whanne the kyng was thus warned of this tresoun, he rood in
haste the same xij. nyght to Londoun, to gete him strengthe.
And on of tharchebisshoppis men rood bi Kyngestoun, and the
erl of Kent loked out at a wyndow and saw him, and commaundid
to brynge him befor him ; and axed of him and saide: " Where is
thi maister?" and he said, "In the castelle of Reygate." "And
where is the kyng ? " saide the erlle ; and he saide, " At Londoun."
" Yf I had met with thi maister," saide the erl, " I wolde hauee shave

HENEY IV. 21
his croune ; " and commaundid to spoile the said man of his hors a.d. 1400.
and of his money.
But as sone as the said lordes wiste that thair counselle was dis-
couerid and wraid, thay fledde euery man his way, and the duke of
Surrey and the erl of Salisbury with thair mayne fledde vnto the
toun of Circestre, and saide be the way that kyng Richard rood there. Folio 156.
and cam late in the euenyng to thair ynnes. The comunes of the
toune wolde haue arestid thaym, and thay made gret defens, but atte
laste thay were discomfitid and take be the said comunes, and thay
smoot of the lordis heddis ; and [they] were set on London brigge,
and thair quartris were sent to dyuers tonnes of Englond : and meny
of thair raen were there ytake, and put in to prisoun, because some
of thayme put brondis of fire in to the rovis of diuers mennes house},
wherfore aftirward meny of thaym' were drawe and hanged.
At Oxenforde were take ser John Blount and serBenetSely,kny}tis,
and Thomas Wyntereshille squyer, and were beheddid and quartrid.
And the same yeer at Pritwelle in Essex, in a mille, ser John
Holond duke of Excestre was take be the comune} of the cuntre,
and vnto Plasshe where as king Richard arestid ser Thoraas of
Wodestoke, duke of Gloucestre ; and there thay smoot of his hed,
and yt was set on London brigge.
The same yeer at Bristowe was take the lord Spenser that was
erlle of Gloucestre, and the comune} of the toune smot of his hed in
the raarket place, and it was set on London brigge.
Whanne kyng Richard herde alle this, he was utterli in despeire,
and confessid that this was do be his counsel, and for sorou and ''*«'=. Rioardus
hunger he deide in the castle of Pountfret.
And whanne that king Harri wiste verili that he was ded, he leet ^°''° ^^^ ^•
close and sere him in lynne clothe alle saue^the visage, and that was
left openne that men myghte se and knowe his persone from alle
othir, and so he was broughte to Londoun to Poulis, and there he
had his Dirige and masse ; and the same wise at Westmynstre, and
thanne he was buried at Langley. ¦

22

A CHEONICLE.

A.D. 1400,

Anno ij".
A.D. 1400-1.

Folio 157,

InsurreccioWalliae,

And aftirward this same yeer ser Bernard Brokas, ser Johan
Shelleye, knyghtis, and ser Johan Maudeleyn, a parson of king
Richardis chapelle, were beheddid, and thair heddis set on Londoun
brigge : and meny othir were acused of tresoun, and broughte befor
the justices, of whom none ascapid, saue onli ser Roger Waldenne.
And this same yeer, queue Ysabelle the secunde wiff of kyng
Richard was put fro her dower and sente in to ffraunce with meny
grete yiftis, and anon as she was come in to ffraunce, the Frenshe
menne breek the trewes maad betuene king Richard and thaym.
The secunde yeer of his regne, he wente in to Scotland, but the
Scottis wolde not mete with him; and there the erl of Dunbar
becam his manne, and the kyng yaf him the Counte of Richemunde.
This same yeer was holden a parlement at Westmynstre, and
thider cam Oweyn off Glendore, a Walshman, that was sumtyme a
squier of the erlis of Arundel ; complaynyng how that the lord Gray
Ruthynne hadde take from hira wrongfulli a part of his land ; but
he myste haue no remedy. And the Bisshoppe of Saint Assaphe of
Walis counselid the lordis of the parlement that thay sholde not
mystrete thte said Oweyne, lest he made the Walshmen arise ; and
thay ansuerde and saide thay set noust be him.
This same yeer cam the emperour of Constantinople in to Englonde,
to axe helpe and socour of the kyng ayens the Turkis, and broughte
with him a pardon fro the Pope, be the whiche he gadrid moche
money, and was longe in this lond on the kyngis cost, and thanne
the kyng yaf him iiij mK li. ; and so he wente hoom ayen.
This same yeer the Walshmenne began to rebelle ayens king
Harri, and also a greet debaat began betuene the lord Gray Ruthyn
and the forsaid Oweyne of Glendore : and the Walshmen destroide
the kinges tonnes and lordshippis in Walis, and robbid and slow the
kyngis peple bothe English and Walshe ; and this enduris xij. yeer.
* And the king wente in to Walis with a gret power, but he myste
not take Oweyn that was chief capteyn of the Walshmenne, ne spede
that he cam for ; and retourned hoom ayenne. And the lord Gray

HENEY IV, 23
undertook forto kepe the cuntre, and sone aftir the said Oweyne took a.d. 1401.
the said lord Gray prisoner ; and hewas raunsond for prisoners of Folio 157 b.
the Marche. And atte laste Oweyn made the said lord Gray wedde
on of his doughtris, and kepte hira there with his wiff, and sone aftir
he deide.
This same yeer was so gret derthe of corn, and so gret scarcite,
that a quarter of whete was sold for xvj. s.
And this same yeer ser Roger of Claryngdoun knyst, the Priour
of Launde, and viij. frere menours, wherof some were maistris of
diuinite, and other to the noumbre of xij. persone}, were drawe and
hanged for treson at Tybourne.
Also a womman acusid a grey frere of Cambrigge, an old man, of
certayn wordes that he sholde haue said ayens the kyng, and his
iugement was that he sholde fiste with thewomraan, and his on hand
bounde behynde hira : but the Archebisshop of Cauntirbury was the
freris frend and cesid the raater.
The iij. yeer of kyng Harri, anon aftir Cristemasse, was seen and A.D. 1401-2,
apperid a sterre in the west, whoos flames ascendid upward, that was "*^"'"' "J°-
callid "theblasyng sterre," and be clerckis it was caUid, "stella «'«"'' <=°™'>'ta-
comata." And aboute this tyme the peple of this land began to grucche
ayens kyng Harri, and beer him hevy, because he took thair good
and paide not therfore ; and desirid to haue ayeen king Richarde.
Also lettris cam to certayn firendis of kyng Richard, as thay hadde
be sent from hymself, and saide that he was alive ; wherof moche
peple was glad and desirid to haue him kynge ayeen. Folio 168.
And a frere menour of the couent of Aylesbury cam to the kyng,
and acusid a frere of the same hous, a prest, and saide that he was
glad of kyng Richarde} Iif; and he was broust to the king, and he
saide to him : — " Thou hast herd that king Richard is alive, and art
glad therof." The frere ansuerde and saide, " I ara glad as a man
i s glad of the liff of his frende, for I am holden to him, and aUe my
kyn, for he was our furtherar and promoter." The king saide.

24 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1402. " Thou hast noised and told openli that he livithe, and so thou hast
excitid and stirid the peple ayens me." The frere saide, " Nay."
Than saide the king to him, " Telle me trouthe as it is in thi herte;
— yf thou sawest king Richard and rae in the feld flghting togedir,
with whora woldest thou holde?" "Forsoth," saide the frere,
"with hira, for I ara more beholde to him." Thanne saide the
king, " thou woldest that I and alle the lordis of my reme were
ded?" The frere saide, "Nay." "What woldest thou do with
rae," saide the king, "yf thou haddist the victory ouyr me?" The
frere saide, " I wolde make you duke of Lancastre." " Thou art
not my frend," saide the kyng, " and therfor thou shalt lese thin
hed." And thanne he was dampned befor the justice, and drawe and
hanged and beheddid.
Aftir this cam anothir frere menour to the kyng, that owde no
good wille to a brothir of his, axyng mercy and grace, and saide
Folio 158 b. that v'' men of seculers and religious were acorded to mete togedir
vpon the playn of Oxenforde on Midsomer eve, and go fro thennes
to seche king Richard, " and Y and x. of my felowes of the couent
of Leycestre araide vs for to go with thayra : and ther is in that
couent a maister of diuinite, an old manne, that spekith eville of you,
and saith that king Richard shalle fiste ayens you, and so it is pro-
phecied, as he saith." The viij freris and the maister of diuinite
were brought bounde vnto Londoun, and the othir ij. that were
acusid myst not be founde.
And the forsaid frere acusid meny othir freris of diuers couentis,
but thay fledde away.
The king callid the archebisshop and othir lordis, and the freris
were broust befor thaym ; and some of thaym were yong, and
some olde and sympilly lettrid: and thair acuser stood by and
stedfastly acusid thayrae, and thay ansuerde vnwarly. Thanne
saide the king to the maister, " Thise bith lewde raen, and not
vnderstondyng ; thou sholdist be a wise raan, saist thou that king
Richard livith ? " The maister ansuerde, " I say not that he

HENRY IV. 25
livith, but I say yf he live, he is veray king of Engelonde." The A D M02.
king saide, " He resigned." The maister ansuerde, " He resigned
ayens his wil in prison, the whiche is nought in the lawe." The
kyng ansuerde, " He resigned with his good wille." " He wolde
not haue resigned," saide the maister, " yf he hadde be at his fredoum ; Folio 169.
and a resignacion maad in prison is not fre." Thanne saide the
kyng, " He was deposid." The maister ansuerde, " Whanne he
was kyng he was take be force, and put into prisoun, and spoyled of
his reme, and ye haue vsurpid the croune." The kyng saide, " I
haue not vsurpid the croune, but I was chosen therto be eleccioun."
The maister ansuerde, " The eleecion is noughte, livyng the trewe
and lawful possessour ; and yf he be ded, he is ded be you, and yf
he be ded be you, ye haue loste alle the righte and title that ye
myste haue to the croune," Thanne saide the kyng to him, "Be
myn hed thou shalt lese thyne hed." The raaister saide to the king,
" Ye loued nevir the chirche, but alwey desclaundrid it er ye were
kyng, and now ye shall destroie it." " Thou liest," saide the king ;
and bad hira voide, and he and his felowes were lad ayen vnto the
tour. Thanne axed the kyng counsel, what he sholde do with thaym ;
and a knyst that loued nevir tlie chirche saide, " We shal nevir cece
this clamour of kyng Richard til thise freris be destroid."
The minister of the freris wente to the kyng, and saide that he
hadde commaunded alle his bretheryne that thay sholde no thing
saw, say ne speke, in preiudice and offens of his persone, and axed
grace for thayme. The kyng saide to hira, "Thay wille not be
chastisid be the, and therfor thay shalle be chastizld be me." Folio 169 b.
Thanne were thay broust to Westmynstre befor the justices, and
the justice saide unto thaym, " Ye bith encjitid that ye in ipocrisie
and flateryng and fals Iif, haue prechid fals sermons ; wherynne ye
saide falsli that king Richard livith, and haue excited the peple to
seche him in Scotland — Also, ye in your ypocrisie and fals Iif, haue
herd fals confessions, wherynne ye haue enioyned to the peple in
CAMD. SOC. E

26 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1402. wey of penaunce, to seche king Richard in Walis — Also, ye with
your fals flateryng and ypocrisie, haue gadrid a gret summe of
money with begging, and sent it to Oweyne of Glendore, a traitour,
that he sholde come and destroy Englond — Also, ye haue sent in to
Scotland for v°. men to be redy upon the playn of Oxenford on
midsomer eve to seche kyng Richard. How wille ye excuse you ?
I counsel you to put you in the kyngis grace." The freris ansuerde,
" We put vs vpon the cuntre,"
And neither men of London ne of Holborne wolde dampne thaym ;
and thanne thay hadde an enquest of Yseldon, and thay saide "Gilti."
Thanne the justice yaf jugement and saide, " Ye shul be drawe
fro the tour of Londoun vnto Tiburne, and there ye shalle be hanged,
and hange an hool day, and aftirward be take doun, and your heddis
smyte of and set on London brigge." And so it was don.
And the maister at Tiburne made a deuout sermon with this
Folio 100. theme, "In manus Tuas Domine ;" and swoor be his soule that he
trespast not ayens king Harri, and forgaf thaym that were cause of
his deth.
And another frere whanne he sholde die saide, "Yt was not om-
entent, as our enemies say, to sle the king and his sone}, but forto
make him duke of Lancastre, as he sholde be."
On the raorou aboute evesong tyme, on cam to the wardeyn of
the freris, and saide he myste fette away the bodies and burye thaym;
and whanne thay came thay founden thaym caste in to dichis and
heggis, and the heddis smyten of, and thay baar thaym hoom to
thair couent with gret lamentacioun.
And aftirward, men of thenquest that dampned thayme, cam to
the freris prayying thayme of foryifnesse, and saide, " but yf thay
hadde said that the freris were gilti thay sholde haue be slayne."
And this same yeer, Oweyn of Glendore took ser Edmund
Mortymer in Walis, and because he myste not paie his raunson he
wolde nevir be vnder kyng Harri, but wedded on of Oweynes doustris.
In the birthe of this Edmund fille meny wonder tokenes 5 for out

HENRY IV. 27
of the floor of his fader stable cam out blood, and wellid vp so hie ^•''- ^^o^-
that it couerid the hors feet; and alle the shethis of swerdis and of ^°'^ mirabilia
IT .... portenta.
the daggaris m the hous were ful of blood, and all the axes with reed •
of blood ; And whanne the said Edmund lay in his cradille he myst
not slepe, ne cece of cryynge, til he saw a swerd : and whanne he
sat in his norsis lappe he wolde not be stille til he hadde sum Folio 160 b.
instrument of warre to pleie with.
And this same yeer was the bataille of Shrewesbury on Mari [Anno iiij'"]
Maudeleyn eve, betuene king Harri and ser Henri Percy, the erhs fj^i' W'sti
sone of Northumbirlond : of the whiche bataille the cause and occa
sion n was this.
The erl of Northumbirlond praide the kyng to paie hira his Nota causam
• 1 1 • r. 1 • ^ , , • ^ o 1 1 , belli Salopia3
moneie due vnto hira tor kepmg oi the marchis ot Scotland, and
saide, "My sone and I haue spendid our good in keping of the said
marchis." The king ansuerde, " I haue no moneie, ne non thou
shalt haue." The erle saide, " Whanne ye cam in to this land ye
made promys forto be rewlid be our counsel, and ye take yeerli
moche good of the reme and paie noust, and so ye wrathe your
comunes : good [God ?] sende you good counsel."
Thanne cam the erlis sone ser Harri Percy, that hadde weddid
the forsaid Edmundes sustir that was prisoner in Walis, prayyng
the kyng that he wolde suffre that the said Edmundes raunsoun
myste be paid of his owene. The kyng saide, that with the raoney
of his reme he would not fortifie his enemies ayens himme. Ser
Henri Perci saide, " Shalle a man spende his good, and put him self
in perille for you and your reme, and ye wil not helpe him in his ^''J'^ '^'* ^''^'^
nede ?" The king was wroth and saide to him, " Thou art a traitour ! Henr. Percy.
wilt thou that 1 sholde socoure myn enemies, and enemies of the Folio 161.
reme ?" Sir Henri Percy saide, " Traitor am I none, but a trew
man, and as a trew man I speke," The king drow to him his
daggar : and ser Henri Perci saide to the kyng, " Not here, but in
the feld," And so he wente his way.
And he and his vncle ser Thomas Percy, whora king Richard

28 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1103. hadde maad erlle of Worcestre, gadrid a greet ost in the north-
cuntre, and saide thay moste fiste ayens the Scottis; and wente in to
Chestreshire, and took with thayra raeny Chesshire men, and sente
to Oweyn of Glendore forto come and help him, but Oweyne was
aferd of treson and cam not; but meny of the Walshmen cam to
thaym: and so they cam to Lichfeld. And the said ser Henri
Percy and alle his men wered and were araid in the liverey of the
hertis, the whiche was king Richardis liverey.
And there the said ser Henri leet crie openli, and saide that he
was on of the chief causers that king Richard was deposid, and most
helper to brynge yn kyng Harri, wenyng that he wolde have
amendid the rewle of the reame ; and now kyng Harri rewlith and
gouerned worse the land than dede king Richard ; wherfor, he saide,
he wolde amende it yf he myste.
The kyng also gadrid anothir ost and mette with him beside
Shrowesbury, and axed of hira the cause of his comyng ; to whom
Percy ansuerde and saide: — "We brouste the yn ayens king
Folio 161 b. Richard, and now thou rewlist worse than dede he. Thou spoiHst
yeerly the rerae with taxes and talage}, thou paest no man, thou
holdist no hous, thou art not heir of the reme ; and therfore, as I
haue hurt the rerae be bryngyng yn of the, I wille helpe to refourme
it." The king ansuerde and saide, " I take talage} for nedis of the
reme, and I am chosen kyng be comune assent of the reme, wherfor I
counsel the to put the in my grace." Percy ansuerde and saide, " I
trust not thi grace." "Now I pray God," saide the kyng, "that
thou raost ansuer for alle the blood that here shalle be shed this day
and not I." And thanne saide the kyng, "Avant baner."
Bciium Salopie. Thenne was there a strong and an hard bataille, and raeny were
slayn on bothe side} : and whanne ser Henri Percy saw his men faste
slayn he pressid in to the bataille with xxx men, and raade a lane in
the myddille of the ost til he cara to the kyngis baner, and there
he slow the erl of Stafforde and ser Thoraas Blount and othir; and
atte laste he was beset aboute and slavne, and anon his ost was dis-

HENRY IV. 29
parblid and fledde. And ser Henri Percie} hed was smyte of and a.d. 1403.
set vp at York, lest his men wolde haue saide that he hadde be alive.
And ser Thomas Percy his vncle was take and beheddid at
Shrowesbury, and his hed set on Lopdon brigge.
And in this bataille the prince, kyng Harrie} sone, was hurt in
the face with an arow.
And this bataille was do in the yeer of our Lord M', cccc ij.* Foiio 162.
After this bataille was ydo, the knyghtis and squiers of the north
cuntre that had be with ser Henri Percy, wente hoom ayen in to
Northumbirlond, and kepte thaymself in strong holdis and castellis
and wolde not truste in the kyngis grace.
And aftirward the king sente for the erlle of Northumbirlond that
was ser Henri Percie} fader ; and he saide yf the kyng wolde swere
that he sholde come and go saaf til he hadde excusid hira in the Par
leraent, he wolde gladli come ; and so he cara to the parlement, and
excusid him that he was not gilty of the bataille of Shrewesbury,
and swoor vpon the cros of Cauntirbury befor the parleraent, that
he sholde evir be trew to king Harri.
To this parleraent cam lettris as they hadde be sent from king
Richard, serayng so euident and so trewe, that the king and all
the parleraent were therof astoned, and hadde gret marvaille ; and
callid him that was his keper, and axid of hym how he wolde ansuer
to tho lettris ; and he ansuerde and saide he wolde fi}te with eny
man that wolde say that he was alive.
The iiij yeer of king Harri, cam dame Johane the duchesse of Anno iiij'"
Britayne into England and landed at Falemouth in Cornewail, and
was weddid to king Harri in the abbey of saint Swithune} of Wyn- " ™"^
chestre ; and some aftir she was crouned at Westmynstre. mhf "^"^^
And this same yeer, dame Blaunche kyng Harries elder dous tir
was sent vnto Coloyne with the erl of Somerset hir vncle, and
maister Richard Clifford thanne bisshop of Londoun, and othir notable
"" The battle of Slu-ewsbury was fought in 1403, on Saturday, St, Mary Magd. eve
(Hardyng. Ed. Ellis, p. 361), July 21st. See note.

30

A CHEONICLE.

A.D. 1403.

Anno v°.
A.D. 1404.
[April.]

Folio 163.

October 20th.-'

Anno yj**
A.D, 1405.
[January.]

persones , and thenne she was weddid to the dukes sone of Beyre ;
and aftir the solennite of the mariage our lordis cam in to Englond
agayne. The V yeer of king Harri, the lord Thomas, his sone, wente to the
se, and the erlle of Kent with him, and thay brende certain toune}
in the yle of Cagent, and took ij grete carrakes of Jene ladenne with
diuers marchaundise, because thay wold not strike their sailes in the
kyngis name of Engelond, and brouste thaym in to the Camer
beside Wynchilse, and there the godis were canted ; and on of the
carrakes was sodenli brent ;, and so the lordis wente no ferthir at
that tyme.
And this same yeer, Johan Serle, sumtyme yoman of kyng
Richardes robes, that was on of the principalle slears of the duke of
Gloucestre, cara out of Scotland in to Englond, and saide to diuers
persones that king Richard was alive in Scotlande ; wherfore he
brouste moche peple in gret errour and grucchyng ayens king Harri,
for the peple wende feithfulli it hadde be so. But atte laste he was
take in the north cuntre, and was drawe thoroughe eueri cite and
burghe toun in Englond, and thanne he was brought to Londoun,
and there at Guyldehalle he was iuged to be drawe fro the tour
of Londoun thorous Londoun vnto Tiburne ; and there he was
hanged and beheddid and quartrid, and his hed set on London brigge,
and his quarters were sent to the iiij gode tovnes of Englond.
This Serle confessid that whanne king Richard was take in
Walis, he staalle his signet and fledde in to Scotland, and therwith
he selid meny lettris, and sente thaym to such men as were kyng
Richarde} frendis, and saide he was alive ; and so he was cause
of meny menne} dethe : and he saide also that there was a man in
Scotland moche lik to king Richard, but it was not he.
The vj yeer of king Harri, the erl of Marre of Scotland vnder
saaf conduct cam in to Englond, forto chalange ser Edmund the
erlle of Kent of certain cours of warre on hoi'sbak, and his chalange
^ Fabyan. If this is a correct date, the tyrcumstancu belongs to the 6th Henry IV.

HENRY IV. 31

was acceptid Sad grauntid, and the place take in Smythfeld ; and A.D. 1405.
there they riden togedir with sharp speris dyuers cours, but the erl
of Kent hadde the feld with moche worshippe.
And this same year, maister Richard Scroop 'archebishoppe of Insurreccio Ri-
York, and the lord Mowbray that was erl marchalle of Englond, Archiepiscopi
and a knyght callid ser William Plymptoun, gadrid a strong f^^' -.
power in the north contre ayens the king ; and the kyng sente thider
his power and took thayme, and thay were beheddid at York : and
sone aftirward Almy}ty God shewde for the said archebisshoppe Folio 163 b,
meny grete miracle}.
And the cause of the said risyng was this : — The erlis sone of
Notyngham and his heir the lord Moubray corapleyned to the
archebisshoppe of York, and saide that his auncestris were evir
wont of righte to be marchallis of Englond, and be that thay held
thair lond ; and notwithstonding that, the king hadde yeue the said
lond with the office to the erl of Westmerlond. Tharchebisshoppe
coraynd of this with wise men of counsel, and aftirward he made a
serraon in the chirche of York, and exhortid and stirid the peple to
be assistent and helpyng to to the correccioun and amendement of
the myschiefs and mysgouernaunce} of the reme, hauyng in consi-
deracioun the grete pouerte of the marchauntis in whom was wont to
be the substaunce of the riches of alle the land : and also the grete
reisynges of taxes, tallages and custurae} vnder colour of borowjnig :
and also, that due paiement be maad for the kinge} vitailles : and
that the clergie and the comune peple were not vexid ne charged
with importable chargis of taxis and talagis as thay hadde longe
tyme be : and that the heiris of noble men and of lordis of the lond
myste be restorid to their enheritaunce hooUi, euery man aftir his
degre and birthe : and also that suche covetous men as were of the
kyngis counsel, that took away and turned io thair owen vse suche
godis as were ordeyned to the comune help of the lond, and make poiio 164.
thaym self riche withalle, be remeued and put away fro the king.
Thise articles and meney othir the archebisshoppe niade be writen

32 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1405. in English, and were set on the yatis of the cite, and* sent to curatis
of the tovnes aboute, forto be prechid openli.
And the said archebishoppe and the lord Mowbray gadrid a greet
ost, and wente toward the erlle of Westmerland; and the erlle cam
agayns thayra with anothir ost sent fro the kyng to take thaym ; and
whanne they were nyghe togedir, the erl praide tharchebishoppe
and the lord Mowbray, that thay myste speke togedir and trete of
pees ; and thay wente to the erlle, and the erl hadde there botellis
with wyne, and made thaym drynke ; and whiles the said erlle fayned
hiraself to trete, a knyst of his rood to the archbisshoppis ost, and
saide that the lordis were acordid, and in token thereof they drank
togedir, " and therfore tharchebishoppe comaundeth every man
forto go hoom agayne, for he shall this nyst sowpe with the erlle."
The archbisshoppis men were aferd, for ther was a litille hill
betuene tharchebisshojo and thayra, so that thay ray}te nowthir se
him ne the erl; nothele}, thay wende it hadde be trewe that the
knyst saide, and wente tliarr way and were disparblid ; and the
Archiepisoopus knyst retourned agayn to his companie : and anon the erl and he.
Folio 164 b. with thair ost, fille vpon tharchebisshoppe and lord Mowbray, and
took thayra, and ladde thaym to the kyng to Pountfret.
Aftir this the king cam to York, and the citiseynes of the cite
cam out barefoot and ungirt, with haltris aboute thair neckis, and fil
doun before the kyng axyng mercy and grace, because they aroos
with tharchebisshoppe.
The archebisshoppe of Cauntirbury, Arundelle, heryng alle this,
cam in haste to the kyng and to him saide, " Sire, I am your gostly
fader and the secunde persone of the reme, and ye sholde accept no
mannes counsel souner than myn, yf it be good : I counsel you
that if tharchebisshoppe of Yorke haue trespast so moche avens you
as it is said, reserue him to the popis iugement, and he will so
ordeyne that ye shal be plesid ; and if ye wille not so, I counsel
let hira be reserued to the iugement of the parlement, and kepe
your handis vndefoulid frora his blood." The king saide, " I may

[June 8th*]

HENRY IV. 33
not for rumour of the peple." And tharchebisshoppe requirid a A.D. 3 405.
notari to make an instrument of the kyngis ansuer, that yf nede
were it myghte be presentid vnto the pope,
Thanne were the archebisshoppe of York and the lord Mowbray
dampned vnto deth, and ser William Plympton with thaym, and
were beheddid withoute the cite of York.
And whenne the archebisshoppe sholde die, he saide, " Lo ! I shalle
die for the lawe} and good rewle of Engelond." And thanne he '^'°''° ^^"
saide vnto thayme that sholde die with him, " Lat vs suffre deth
mekely, for we shul this nyghte, be Goddis grace, be in paradis."
Thanne saide tharchebisshoppe to him that sholde smyte of his
hed, " For His lone that suffrid v woundes for alle mankynde, yeue ArchepiscopT. *
me V strokis, and I foryeve the my dethe." And so he dede : and
thus thay deide.
And anon aftir, as it was said, the king was srayte withe a lepir :
for the whiche archebisshoppe, Alrayghti God sone aftirwarde
wroughte raeny grete rairacles.
Whanne the Pope herde of the deth of the archebisshoppe of York,
he cursid aUe tho that slow hira, and alle that were assentyng to his
dethe or therto yaf counselle, and coraraaundid tharchebisshoppe of
Cauntirbury that he sholde denounce alle thaym acursid: but
tharchebisshoppe wolde not do it alone.
Thanne sente the king to the Pope, and saide that the sedicion of
the people wolde not suffre him live, and sente also vnto him the
habergeon that tharchebisshoppe was armed ynne with thise wordis :
" Pater, vide si tunica hec sit filij tui an non." And the pope
ansuerde agayn in this wise, as it was said: " Sive hec sit tunica
* This is Walsingham'a date — "in orastino Pentecostis " — and probably it is correct.
In Rymer, vol, viii. p. 398, is an injunction for seizing into^he king's hands the ancient
liberties, privileges, and franchises of the city of York, on account of this insurrection,
dated Pontefract Castle, June 3rd. This perhaps was issued upon the arrival of the Earl
of Westmerland with his prisoners, and the execution need not have taken place till the
date given above, even supposing the king had taken the earliest opportunity of going to
York.
CAMD. SOC, F

34

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1405,
Anno vij.
A.D. 1406.
Folio 165 b,
[January 24th]
Ricardus Knol-
lis moritur.
[August.]
Thomas Remp-
ston submergi-
tur. [May]

Anno viij.
A.D. 1406.
[November.]

[Anno ix.]
A. D. 1408.

[February 18,]

Folio 106.
Anno ix**. [x.]
A.D. 1408-9.

filij mei an non, scio quia fera pessima devoravit filium meum:"—
and so be prive menes of money the mater was cesid.
The vij yeer of king Harri, dame Luce the dukis sustir of Melane,
cam in to Englond and was weddid to ser Edmund erl of Kent, in
the priorie of saint Maries "^ Suthwerc.
Ahd this same yeer deide that worthi knyst ser Robert KnoUis,
and is buried atte White Freris in Fletstrete in Londoun.
And this yeer ser Thomas Rempstoun, knyghte, lieutenaunt of the
tour of Londoun, was dround in the Thamise at Londoun brigge as he
cam fi:o Westmynstre.
And this same yeer, dame Philippe the yonger doustir of king
Harri was lad into Denmarc be ser Richard the dukes brothir of
York and maister Edmund Courteneye bisshoppe of Norwich, and
othir worthi men ; aud there she was weddid to the king of Den
marc in a tovne callid Londoun ; and aftir that our lordis cam hoom
agayne. The viij yeer of king Harri ther was a manne callid the Walssh
clerc, and he appelid a knyghte of treson that was callid ser Perci-
valle Sowdan, and thay faughte togedir in Smythfeld, and the
knyghte ouercara the clerk and made him yelde him gilty; and
thanne he was spoihd of his arraure and hanggid at Tiburne.
And this same yeer, ser Henri erlle of Northumbirlond, and the
lord Bardolf, that fledde in to Scotland for drede of king Harri,
cam agayn in to Englond forto have destroid king Harri; andthe
Shireve of Yorkshire reisid peple and took thayme and smoot of
thair heddis ; and the hed of the erlle and a quarter of the lord were
set on London briffffee.
The ix yeer of king Harri, ser Edmund Holond, erl of Kent, was
maad Admiral of the se : and as he laide sege to the castell of
Briac, in Britaigne, he was smyte in to the hed with a quarel, and
so he deide.
And this same yeer, was a gret frost in Englond that endurid xv
wekes. ^

HENRY IV. 35
And this same yeer, maister Robert Halome bisshop of Salisbury, A.D. 1409,
Eind othir, were sent to the general counsel to Constaunce.* Consilium Con-
^_^. pi. stanciense [Pi-
ihe X yeer of king Llarry, the erl of Dunbar that was swore sauum] ordina-
English, and whom king Harri hadde raaad erl of Richemund, as '"™ ^°'-
befor is said, fledde ayen in to Scotland ; and saide that he fayned Anno x".
himself an Englishmanne, forto help slee and destroie the erl of ¦*•¦ ^- ^
Northumbirlond and othir that were enemies vnto Scotland,
And this yeer was seen blood boile out of wellis in diuers parties Sanguis emana-
of Englond ; and anon aftir, meny raen deide on the blody raensoun ^J^ ^^ f°"*''™^'
&c. And this same yeer the Seneschalle of Henaude, with othir worthi
menne, cam in to Englond to gete worshippe in dedis of armes ; and
he chalanged the erl of Somerset, and he delyuerid him manfulli in
alle his chalanges , and put him to the worse, and hadde the feld in
alle poyntis. The secunde day, cam in to the feld a man of the Sene-
schaUis part, and ayens him cam ser Richard of Arundelle, knyst ;
and the Henavder hadde the bettir of hira in on poynt, for he brouste
him on his kne. The iij day, cam yn anothir Henauder, and ayens Folio 166 b.
him cam ser Johan Cornewaille, knyghte, and manli quyt him, and
hadde the bettir of his aduersaric} in alle poyntes. The iiij day, cam
yn anothir Henauder, and ayens hira cara ser Johan Cheyne} sone,
and cast the Henauder in the feld, hors and manne ; wherfore the
king made him knyst. The v day, cam yn anothir Henauder, and
to him cam John Stiward, squier, and hadde the bettir. The vj
day, cam ynne anothir Henauder, and to him cam William Porter,
squier, and hadde the bettir in the feld, and tlie king made him
knyghte. The vij day, cam ynne anothir Henauder, and to him
came Johan Standishe, squier, and hadde the bettir in the feld,
wherfore the king made him knyghte. An(J that same day cam
yn anothir Henauder, and to him cam a squier of Gascoigne,
and hadde the bettir, and the king made him knyghte. The viij
day, cam in ij men of armes of Henaude, and to thaym cara ij
* To the Council of Pisa, not Constance, held in 1409 — see note.

36

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1409.

Anno xj".
A.D, 1409-10.

Folio 167.

Anno xij°.
A. D. 1410-1.
[December
Sith.]

Anno xiij.
A. D. 1411-2.

[Nov.23,1407,

folio 167 b,
[November,
A.D. 1411.]

soudiers of Caleis that were bretherynne ycallid the Burghes, and
quyt thayra wel and raanh in the feld, and hadde the bettir, and.
thus endid the chalanges in Smythfeld, with moche worshippe.
The xj yeer of kyng Harri, was a bataille do in Smythfeld betuene
ij squiers, that on rae [raen] callid Gloucestre, that was appellaunt,
and Artur, that was defendaunt ; and they faught raanli togedir longe
tyme, and for thair manhood the king took thair quarel in to his
handis, and made thaym go out of the feld both at onys, and yaf
thaym grace.
The xij yeer of kyng Harri, a squier of Walis called Ris ap Die,
that was supporter of Oweyn of Glendore, that dede moche destruc-
cioun to the kingis peple in Walis, was take and brought to
Londoun, and drawe and hanged and quartrid.
And this same yeer, anon aftir Michelmasse, the Thamise at
Londoun flowed and ebbid iij tymes in a day naturelle ; and ther
were take therynne meny grete and straunge fisshe} of dyuers
naturis, that betokened fallyng of newe thyngis.
And this same yeer, the duke of Orliaunce assemblid vnto him
the duke of Barry, the duke of Burbon, the duke of Britaigne, the
erl of Armynak, and othir grete men of south Fraunce ; and with a
gret power pursude the duke of Burgoyne, to be vengid on him
] for his fader dethe whom he slow traitourly in Paris.
And the duke of Burgoyne with assistence and help ofthe kingof
Fraunce and of his sone, gadrid a gret ost of Fraunce, of Flaundris,
of Almayne, pf Scotland, and sente ambassiatouris to the Prince,
king Harries sone, for help and socour of men of arme} and
archiers, ayens the duke off Orliaunce. And the prince sente vnto
himme the erlle of Arundelle, ser Gilbert Vmfrevile erlle of Kyme,
ser Johan Oldcastelle lord Cobhame, and meny othir ; and thay
mette with the duke of Orliaunce at Senclowe beside Paris ; and
there our men him discomfited, and slow meny of his menne, and
the duke fledde ; and thus our men hadde the victory, and cam
hoom agayn with grete yiftis.

HENRY IV. 37
And anon folowynge, the duke of Orliaunce sente ambassiatours A. D. 1412; .
to king Llarri, beseching him of helpe and socour ayens his dedly [May.]
enemy the duke of Burgoyne ; and thanne the king made Thoraas,
his sone, duke of Clarence ; and his other sone John, duke of
Bedforde ; and ser Thomas Beaufort he raade erl of Dorset ;
and the dulce of Awmarle he made duke of York ; and sente
his sone Thomas, and the said erl of Dorset, and ser Johan
Cornewaille, and meny othir notable raen, in to Fraunce ; and they
landed at Hoggis in Normandie. And there mette with thayme at thair
landyng, the lorde Hambe, with vij M'. men of arme} of Frensshe-
menne, and all were put to flist, and vij C of thaym were take, and
iiij C hors, withoute tho that were slayne in the feld ; and so our
lordis riden forth to Burdeux thorou} Fraunce, for the lordis were
acordid er thay cam, and token raeny prisoners be the weye ; and
aftirward thay cam in to Englond agayn with the vyntage. sir John Bew-
This same yeer, deide ser Johan Beaufort before said erl of Dorset, ford.*
and capteyn of Caleys, and ys buried in the Abbeye of the tour hille. Folio 168.
And this sarae yeer, pope Johan the xxiij sent a frere menour in
to this land, the generalle of the ordre, desiryng of the king, that
he sholde sende his sone Thomas vnto Rome, forto be the popis Cap-
teyne and rewler of his ost, ayens the king of Naplis and the Antipope ^?'^ *"•" ''™'
•^ 'J o 1 X i. scisma.
Gregore. And the same tyme the pope dispensid with the said
lord Thomas duke of Clarence, forto wedde the countesse of
Soraerset, his vncle} wiff.
The xiiij of his regne he leet make galeyes of warre purposing Anno xiiij",
forto haue gone to Jerusalem, and there have endid his Iif.
And this same yeer it was acorded betuenS the Prince, king
Harrie} sone, and Harri bisshoppe of Wynchestre, and many othir
lordis of this lond, that certayn of thaym sholde speke to the king,
and entrete him to resigne the croune to the said Prince Harri, his
sone, because he was so gretli vexid and smyte with the seeknesse
of lepre ; but he wolde in no wise.
* Marginal note in the hand- writing of Stowe.

38

A CHRONICLE.

A.D, 1413.
Rex Henricus
moritur. [Monday,
March 20th.]
A.D. 1413.

And sone aftir he deide in the Abbeie of Westmjmstre in a
chamhir callid Jerusaleme, aboute the feste of saint Cutbert,
whanne he hadde regned xiij yeer and a half; and is yburied in
Crichirche of Cauntirbury.

HE^^RY y.

Of Kyng Harri the V, the sone of Kyng Harri the iiij aftir the Ca". cxlvij.
Conquest. Folio 169.
AFTIR the deth of king Harri the iiij*% regned his sone king A. d. 1413.
Harri the V, that was ybore at Monemouth in Walis, and S^eh^'iT]"
crouned at Westmynstre on Passion Sunday. [April 9th].
And anon, the firste yeer of his regne, for the grete and tendre ^nno primo.
lone that he hadde to king Richard, he translatid his body fro
Langley vnto Westmynstre, and buried him beside queue Anne his
firste wiff, as his desire was.
And this same yeer were ytake certayn Lollardes and hereticks, Insurreccio Lol--
that hadde purposid thorough their fals tresoun to haue slayn the [j'^n^™'
kyng and the lordis spirituel and temporel, and destroid al the A.D. 1414.]
clergie of the reme : but the king, as God wolde, was warned of
their fals purpos and ordenaunce, and took the feld that is callid
Fikettis feld, and with him maister Thomas Arundel Archebisshoppe
of Cauntirbury, and leet keep the weic} aboute Londoun. And
meny of thaym were take, and drawe and hanged and brent on the
galowes in saint Gile} feld. And a knyst callid ser Roger of
Acton was take for LoUardrie and for treson, and drawe and hanged loth.']
and brent in saint Giles feld.
The secunde yeer of regne, he held a parlement at Westmynstre, Anno ij".
of alle the lordis of the reme, where it was tretid and spoke of his ' '
title that he hadde to Normandie, Gascoigne, and Guyenne, that ^°^^° ^'
were his enheritaunce ; the whiche the king of Fraunce witheld
wrongfulli and vnrightfuUi. And so be avise of his counsel, he

40

A CillltONICLE.

A.D. 1414.
In isto parlia-
mento, Rex fecit
Johannem, fra
trem suum,
ducem Bed-
fordije ; et
Humfridum,alium fratrem
suum, ducem
Gloucestriae.

Anno iij°.
A. D. 1416.

Folio 170

[August 14th.]

sente ambassiatours to the king of Fraunce and his counsel, requiryng
thayme to yelde vp vnto him his said enheritaunce, or elhs he
wolde it gete be the swerd with helpe of Jhesu. The dolfyn of
Fraunce ansuerde to our ambassiatours, and saide that our kyng was
ouer yong and to tendre of age to be a good warriour, and not hk to
make such a conquest vpon thayrae. Oure ambassiatours heryng
this scornful ansuer, retourned in to Englond ayen, notifying vnto
the kyng ahd his counsel the ansuer of the dolfyn and of the conpsel
of Fraunce.
Thanne made the kyng redy his ordenaunce necessary forto the
warre, comma,undyng alle inenne that sholde go with him to be redy
att Suthamptoun, at Lammesse thanne next folowyng, the iij yeer
of his regne. At whiche day, whan the king was redy to take his
passage, it was there publisshid and openli knowe that iij lordis, that
is to say, ser Richard erlle of Cambrigge brothir to the duke of
York, the lord Scroope tresorer of Englond, and ser Thoraas Grey,
knyghte, hadde receyued an huge surarae of money, that is to say,
a milion of gold, forto betraie the king and his bretheryn to the
Frenshemen; wherfore thair heddis were smyte of, withoute thfe
northgate at Suthamptoun.
Whanne this was don, the king sailled forth in to Normandie with
xvC shippis, and landid at Kitcaux, in the vigily of Assumpcion
of our Lady, and fro thennes he wente to Harflieu, and it besegid be
lond and be watir, and coramaundyng hira forto delyuer the toun, and
he saide he wolde not. Wherfore the king coraraaundid his gon-
ners to bete doun the wallis on euery side, and anon thay of the
toune sente out to the king prayyng him of viij dales respit in hope of
rescu, and yf non wolde come, thay wolde delyver the toun : and
so thay dede. And thanne the kyng made his vncle, the erl of
Dorset, capteyn therof, and commaundid him to put out alle the
Frensshe peple, man womman and child, and stuffe the toun with
English peple.
Whanne this was don, the king wente toward Caleis be londe

HENRY V. 41
forto have come in to Englond, but the Frensshemenne hadde broke A.n. 14 1.5.
alle the briggis when he sholde passe ouer, wherfore him moste
nedis seche his way fer aboue, and so he wente ouer the watir of
Swerdis, and cara doun in to Picardie to a place ycallid Agyncourt,
where alle the power of Fraunce was redy gadrid to stoppe his way,
and yeue him bataile.
The king seyng the grete multitude and noumbre of peple of his
enemies, praide Almysti God of helpe and socour, and confortid his
peple, and praide euery raan forto make him redy to bataille; and Folio 170 b.
with such peple as he hadde, not fulli viij M^, he enbataiilid him,
and grauntid to the duke of York the vauntwarde, as his desir was.
And thanne the duke commaundid every man to ordeyne him a
stake of tre sharpid at bothe endis, that the stake myste be pighte in
the erthe asloope before thaym, that the Frensshemen sholde not
ouerride ham ; for that was fulli thair purpos. ^^id alle nyst befor
the bataille, the Frensshemenne. made moche revelle and moche
cryyng, and plaide atte dys for oure raen, an archer for a blane, as it
was said.
On the morow, whanne alle was redy, the king axed what tyme
it was of the day, and thay saide, " Prime." Thanne saide the
kyng, " Now is good tyme, for alle Engelond praieth for vs, and
therfore beth of good chiere, and lat vs go to our iourney." And
anon euery Englishe manne knelid doun, and put a litille porcion
of erthe in his mouth. And thanne saide the king with an higlie
vols, " In the name of Almysti God, and of Saint George, Avaunt
baner! and Saint George this day thyn helpe!" Thanne the ij
bataille} mette togedir and fou}ten sore and longe tyme, but Alray}ti
God and saint George fou}ten that day for vs, and grauntid our
kyng the victory: and this was on the Friday on saint Crispyne and [October 25th.]
Crispiniane} day, in the yeer of our Lord M'.cccc.xv. in a feld callid
Agyncourt in Picardi. And there were slayn that day of the poiio 171.
Frensshemen in the feld of Agyncourt xj, M'. and mo: and there
were noumbrid of thaym in the feld C.xx.M'.
CAMD. SOC. G

42

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1415.

[November
16th.]

Thanne cam tidyngis to our kyng, that there was anothir ost of
Frensshemenne ordeyned redy to fi}te ayen with him; and anon he
coraraaunded euery man to sle his prisoner, and whanne thay saw
that, thay withdrew and wente thair way.
And ther were slayne in the feld on the Frensshe part, the duke
of Barri, the duke of Launson, the duke of Brabanne, the erl of
Narbonne, the chief constable of Fraunce, viij othir erlis, the arche
bisshoppe of Sauu}, C barons and mo, and of othir worthi knystis
and cote armuris M', vC. And of Englishmen were ded that day,
the duke of York, the erlle of Suffolk, and of othir not passing
xxvj. And there were take prisoners of the Frensshe part, the duke
of Orliaunce, the duke of Burbonne, the erl of Vandom, the erlle of
Ew, the erl of Richemund, ser Bursigaund marchalle of Fraunce,
and othir worthi menne.
And aftir this, the king cam to Caleis, and so in to Englond,
with alle his prisoners, and was receyued with moche ioie and
worshippe. This same yeer cam Sigismund, the emperour of Almayn, in to
Englond forto speke with king Harri, to trete of certayn tliyngi}

[Anno iiij'".]
A. D. 1416-7.
imperator, venit touching the pees of Englond and of Fraunce : and also for the wel-
Angham. f^^.^ ^^^ Yuito of alle holi chirche. And the king and his lordis
[Apru.*] _ _ °
Polio 171 b, mette with him at saint Thomas wateryng, withoute Suthwerk, and
him receyued withe greet reuerence and worshippe, and brou}te
hira in to Londoun, and fro thenne} to Westmynstre, and there he
was loggid in the paleis atte kyngis cost: and that same tyme
the king yaf him the liverey of the garter, f
* After the 8th ofthe month. See Rymer, vol. ix. pp. 339, 340. Stowe says he landed
at Dover, May 1st.
t Walsingham (p. 441) says that Sigismund was installed Knight of the Garter on
the Feast of St. George, having told us that he arrived in London on May 7th. This
may seem strange, as St. George's day was on April 23rd. Fabyan perhaps explains this
apparent contradiction, • by saying that the celebration of the feast had been deferred
on account of the Emperor,

HENRY V. 43
And sone aftir, cam the duke of Holond in to Englond, to speke a.d. 1416.
with the emperour and with the kyng ; * and he was loggid in the
bisshoppis yn of Ely, at kyngis cost.
And whilis this was in doyng in Englond, the Frenshemenne
thouste to be vengid, and with a greet arme besegid the toun of
Harfliew bothe be watir and be lond ; and hadde goten and heerd [June.]
grete carrakes of Jene, and othir smale vessellis, to ly and kepe the
movthe of the river of Sayne, that no vitaille ne othir helpe sholde
come vppe unto the toune ; of the whiche arrae the erl of Armenak
was chiefteyne.
Thanne the erl of Dorset, capteyn of Harfliew, sente messagers
to the kyng notyfying vnto him alle this doynge, and what scarcite
and penury of vitaille was withyn the toun : and anon the king
sente his brothir Johan duke of Bedforde f forto breke the sege be
watir : and he cam with a notable power and faughte with the for
said grete carrakes, and took iiii of thavm, and raeny othir Frensshe Notacapcione
A n p 1 • 1 c 11 • 1 1 n 1 1 carracarum.
vessellis. And on of the grettist carrakes ot alle scapid and fledde
away ; but she was so rent and bored in the sides in the said Folio 172.
bataille, that sone aftir it was dround. And the noble erl of
Dorset rescued the said toun be londe, and discomfitid and slow
meny of the Frenshemenne, and hadde of thaym a gracious victory.
Whanne this was don, the said duke with his prises and prisoners
retourned into Engelond agayne : and forasmoche as this was don in
the Vigilie of Assumpcioun of our Lady, the kyng commaunded [August 14th,
that his chapeleynes sholde say euery day whiles he livid, an anteem
with the versicle and collect in remembraunce of our lady.
And whanne the emperour hadde be in this lond as longe as it [August.J]
likid him on the kyngis cost, he took his leve of the king ; and the
* " Ante festum Asoensionis." (Wals.) Ascension day thi*year, 1416, was May 28th.
f He sailed after 25th of July. See Rymer, vol. ix. p. 372. His commission is
dated, Southampton, July 22nd, 1416. Id. p. 371 .
* After the 15th of the month ; as the final treaty of mutual alliance was signed at
Canterbury on that day, 1416. See Rymer, vol. ix. pp, 377-82,

44

A CHRONICLE.

A.D, 1416.

[October.]

Anglia fit nacio.

Folio 172 b.

A,D. 1417.

A.D. 1424.

king brouste him to Caleis, and taried there to haue ansuer fro the
Frensshe party, of suche thyngis as the emperour and the king hadde
sent to thayra for ; and atte laste it cam, and plesid thaym right
noust ; and thanne the emperour past forth his way, and the king
cara in to Englond agayn.
And anon aftir, the king sente ambassiatours to the generalle
counselle of Constaunce for the vnion and pees of alle holi chirche,
and forto redresse and cece the scisme and strif that was thatt tyrae
in the chirche of Rome betuene iij popis.
And that sarae tyrae, be assent of alle nacions it was ordeyned
in this counsel, that Englond sholde be callid an nacion, and be
counted on of the v nacions that owen obedience to the pope of
Rome, the whiche befor that tyme was vnder the nacion of Duche-
land. And this same yeer, the erl Douglas of Scotland cam in to
Englond *, and was swore to the king for to be his trew manne ;
but aftirward he brak his oth, and was slayn of Englishmenne atte
bataille of Vernulle.

Ca™. cxiviij.

[Anno v°.]
A.D. 1417.

How kyng Harri wente the secunde tyme in to Normandie, and of the
getyng of Cane, and ofthe sege ofRoon.
The V yeer of his regne, he made redy his ordenaunce and his
retenu forto saille in to Normandie agayne, and commanded alle
menne that sholde go with hira to be redy at Hamptoun, in the Wit-
sunwike next folowyng. And thanne he raade John his brothir,
the duke of Bedforde, Heutenaunt of Englonde ; and thanne he saiUid
t Stowe places this in the 5th Henry V,

HENRY V. 45
in to Normandie with a notable power and gret ordenaunce, and a.d. 1417,
landid at Towk on Lammesse day ; and there he made xlviij knys tis, [August 1st.]
at his landyng.
Thanne cam tidyngis to the king that ther was a gret naueie
vpon the se of enemies, that is to say, ix grete carrakis, hulke},
galeie} and othir shippis forto destroie his naueie : and anon, he sente
the erl of March with a suffisaunt power forto kepe the se, and he
took meny of the said naueie, and put the remenaunt to fli}t ; and
some were dround with tempest. And on of tho carrakis droof
befor Hamptoun, and his mast was throw ouer the toun wallis : and
this was on saint Bartilmewe} day. ^o'io 173.
Tho sente the kyng to the capteyne off Towk commaundyng him
to delyuer the toun, and so he dede. And the kyng made ser [August 9th.]
Johan Kighley capteyne thereof, and commaunded him to put out
alle the Frensshe peple.
And thanne was Louers yoldenne to the erl marchal, and the
kyng made him capteyn therof.
And thanne the kyng held forthe his way vnto Cane, and it [August I8th.l
besegid on euery side, and sente to the capteyn forto delyuer it,
but he wolde not, wherfore thay assauted the toun ; and the duke
of Clarence bet doun the wallis with gonne} on his side, and first
entrid in to the tounne, and cride, " a Clarence ! a Clarence I a saint
George ! " and so was the toun gote. And the kyng entrid and [September.*]
commaunded the capteyn of the castelle to delyuer it vnto him ;
and he praide him of xiiij dale} respit in hope of rescu, and yf
non cam, to delyuer him the castel. And vnder this composicion
was the tounne and the castel of Baions with othir toune}, fortalis,
and villages, to the nombre of xiiij. And atte xiiij dales ende cam
no rescu, wherfor the castel of Cane with the othir xiiij tonnes
were delyuerid vnto the king ; and he made the duke of Clarence
capteyn of the toun of Cane and of Baions and of the othir tonnes
• The 4th of September or soon after. The castle of Caen held out till the 20th of
that month. Stowe's Annals,

46

A CHRONICLE.

A,D. 1417.

Dux Britannic
venit ad Regem.
Folio 173 b.

Cobham sus-
pensus est, et
combustus. [December.]
Anno vj,
A,D. 1418-9.

Folio 174.

[July 31st.]
Rothomagus
obsessa est.

also : and there the kyng helde saint George} feste, and made xv
knyghtis of the Bathe.
Thanne the kyng gat Valeys Newelyn,
And this same tyme cam the duke of Britaigne vnto kyng
Harri and becam his manne.
And the kyng sente Humfrey his brothir duke of Gloucestre
to Chierburghe, and Richard erl of Warwic to Dounfrount ; the
whiche sone aftirward were yolden vnto thayrae.
In the mene tyme, the erlle of Marche, whom the kyng hadde
sent to kepe the se, aftir meny stormes and grete terapestis landid
at Hoggis in Normandy, and so wente forth vnto the king.
Thanne gat the kyng Argenton, Cessy, Launson, Belhara, Ver-
nul in Perche, and alle the tounes and castellis and strengthis vnto
Pountlarge, and fro thennes vnto the cite of Roon,
And this same yeer, ser Johan Oldcastelle knyghte, lord Cobham,,
was arestid for lollardrie, and put in to the tour of Londoun ; and
anon aftir he brak out therof, and fledde into Walis and there kepte
him longe tyme, and atte laste the lord Powis took him, but he made
gret defens and was sore wounded er he myghte be take; and
thanne he was brought in a horsliter to Westmynstre, and ther he
was higed to be drawe vnto saint Gilis feld, and there he was hanged.
and brent on the galowes for his fals oppinions.
The vj yeer of king Harri, he sente his vncle ser Thomas Beau
fort to the yates of Roon, and there he displaide the kyngis baner,
and sente heroudis to the toun and bad thaym yelde it to the kyng
of Englond, and thay saide shortli, thay wolde not. And thanne
the said Beaufort took good auisement of the ground al aboute,
and retourned to the king to Pountlarge : and anone aftir, thay of
Roon cast down thair subbarbis that stood about the cite, that the
kyng sholde there haue no socour.
And the Sunday befor Lararaesse day thanne next folowyng, the
king with his ost besegid the cite of Roon round aboute ; and dede
make ouer the watir of Sayne, at Pountlarge, a strong and a mysti

HENRY V. 47
cheyne of yrenne, and put it thorough grete piles of tre faste ypight A D. 1418.
in the grounde, and that wente ouer the watir of Sayne that no
vessel myste passe that way ; and aboue that cheyne the king leet
make a brigge ouer the river of Sayne that man and hors and alle
othir cariage myste passe to and fro, whan nede were.
Thanne cam the erl of Warwic fro Dounfrount, and -the king
sente him to Caudebeek, and thay of the toun cam out and tretid
with the erl to be vnder composicion and to do as Ron dede ; and
it was grauntid on this condicioun, that the kyngis naueie with his
ordenaunce my}te passe vpward saafli without eny let or desturbaunce ;
and to this composicion thay sette thair sells. And thanne cam vp C
shippis and caste there thair ancri} , and thanne was Roon besegid
both be watir and be land ; and whanne this was ydo, the erl of
Warwic wente ayen to the king to the sege of Roon ; and the
duke of Gloucestre cam thider also fro the getyng of Chierburghe.
Thanne cara tidyngis that the king of Fraunce, the dolfyne, the Folio 174 b.
duke of Burgoyne, and al the power off Fraunce wolde corae doun
forto rescue the cite of Roon, and breke the sege ; but they carae
not. And atte firste comyng of the kyng vnto Roon, ther were y
noumbrid in the cite be heroudis, of men, wommenne, and childrynne,
CCC.M'; and this sege endurid xx wikis ; and evir thay ofthe toune
hopid to haue be rescued, but it wolde not be : and raeny hundreddis
deide for hunger, for thay hadde etyn alle thair cattis, hors, houndis,
rattis, myse, and alle that myste be etynne: and ofte tymes the
men of arme} drivenne out the peer peple atte yatis of the cite for
spendyng of vitaille, and anonne our menne drof thaym yn agayne ;
and yonge childrynne lay ded in the stretis, hangyng on the ded
modris pappis, that pite was to se. And whanne the capteyn of
the toune saw this grete myschief and hunger, he sente to the kyng,
beseching him of his merci and grace, and brou}te the keye}, and
delyuered him the toune, and alle the soudiers voided the toune with
thair hors and barneys, and the comune} of the toun abood stille

48

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1419.
Rothomagus dedita est.
[Januaryl9th.]

Folio 175.
[February,]

[March.]

[April.]

Folio 175 b.

[Anno vij".]
A.D, 1419-20.

in the toun payyng yeerli to the king for alle maner custumes,
fefermes, and quatryme}, xx M^. marc. Whanne the king hadde
entrid the toune, and restid him in the castel til the toun were set
in rewle and gouernaunce, thanne Cawdebeek and othir garisons
there nyghe were yolden vndir the same appoyntement.
Thanne the dolfynee} ambassiatours, as it was before acordid,
with ful power to do all thyng as he were there himself, cam to
the king to Roon; and aftir meny tretee} had, thus it was
appoynted, that at a certayn day set, the dolfyne sholde come to the
toun of Dreux, and king Harri to Aueraunsshis ; and there to
chese a mene place, be thair bothe assent, where thay rayste pesibli
trete of the pees ! to the whiche appoyntement trewli to be kept,
the king and the said ambassiatours sette thair sells. Atte whiche
day appoynted the king cara, but the dolfyn cam not ; wherfore the
pees was broke at that tyme.
In the mene tyrae Johan duke of Burgoyne, that hadde the rewle
and gouernaunce of the kyng of Fraunce because of his seeknesse,
be lettri} and ambassiatours souste king Harries grace. And the
king sente ambassiatours ayen to king Charlis of Fraunce and to
the said duke of Burgoyne to Prouynce, of the whiche ambas
siatours Richard erl of Warwic was chief; and in the way as he
sholde go, lay a greet busshement of Frensshemenne to take him
and lette his purpoos ; but he slows and took the more part of
thaym, and went forth to Provynce, and purposid his ambassiat and
message. And there it was thus accorded and appoynted, that king Harri
of Englond, and Charlis of Fraunce with the queue his wif and the
duke off Burgoyne, sholde corae to a mene place to trete of pees:
and forto do this message the erl of saint PouUe and the sone and
heir ofthe duke of Burgoyne cam to our kyng as ambassiatours.
Thanne kyng Harri knowyng alle the ground of the mater be
relacion of ambassiatours of bothe parthies, appointed with his
enemies in this wyse: that at a certayn day he wolde come to

HENRY V. 49
Maunt, and Charlis of Fraunce and the duke of Burgoyne to Pount- a.d. 1419.
toyse, to chese there a mene place forto trete of pees ; the whiche
mene place for this trete sholde be Melane vp on Saj-ne ; to the
whiche place novthir party sholde come with mo thanne ML M'. v. C.
men, and in the mene tyme trewe} sholde be on bothe parties. The
whiche mene place was aftirward araid betuene ij villages, and [May.]
^yniytid and markid betuene ij grete diches, wherynne no man
sholde come ' but only suche as sholde trete of the pees ; and there
the kyngis tentis were rially pighte and arerid, and the kyngis tentis
of Fraunce also. And king Harri leet arere ij tentis betuene ij
diches, wherynne bothe kyngis rayste trete apart with thair secret
counsel, and thastat of bothe kyngis obserued and kept ; and a stake was
pighte in the middil of a fair playne, to the whiche, and no ferthir, ech
kyng sholde come to othir.
Atte day appoynted kyng Harri cara to Maunt, and kyng Charlis
because of his accustumed seeknesse cara not, but the quene his wiff
and the duke of Burgoyne withe othir noble princis of thair alliaunce Folio 176.
and withe M'. M^. v. C. men cara to Pountoyse, and aftirward to the [May 29th,]
mene place. Thanne kyng Harri first kiste the quene of Franuce,
and thanne dame Kateryne hir doughtere, for that tyme he saw hir
first; and thanne kyng Harri, the quene of Fraunce and hir dou}tir,
the duke of Burgoyne, and othir, wente into a tente, to trete of the
pee}, where thay were almost iij dale}; but it tok non ende at that tyme.
In the mene while, the dolfyn withe lettri} and ambassiatours
stirid the duke of Burgoyne, that he ne non of his sholde assente to
the pee}. And atte v. nonas of August, whanne the said kyngis sholde
haue assemblid, the kyng of Fraunce, the quene, the duke of Bur
goyne, ne non of thaym cam ; wherfore it was openli knowen that the
Frensshe parte was cause that the pees was not endid at that tyme.
Thanne wente the kyng to Pountoyse, anS gat it ; and sente his
brothir the duke of Clarence with a notable power vnto Paris, and he
gat it, and retourned ayen to the kyng ; and thanne gat the kyng
Bokende Villers.
CAMD. SOC. H

50

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1419-20.
Dux Burgundie
proditorie inter-
f^citur. [Sept. 10th.]
Folio 176 b.

[January.]

[Anno viijo.]
A.D. 1420-1.
[April ]

Folio 177.

[May 21st.]

And whiles this was in doyng the duke of Burgoyne, that first
hadde sought kyng Harries grace, wente vnder saaf conduct to the
dolfyn to Motreaux ; and there be the said dolfyn he was traitorly
and vnmanli slayn, and cast in to a pit : and as sone as Philip his
sone and his heir wiste of this, he becam kyng Harries manne.
The same tyme cam certayne ambassiatours of kyng Charlis, of
the duke of Burgoyne and of the citeseyne} of Paris, to kyng Harri
to Maunt, forto trete of pee}, but because kyng Harri was bisih
occupied in his warris and also he supposid that the Frensshemen
were not fulli enclyned to the pee} as thanne, this trete took non
ende at that tyme, but aftirward at Roon it was fulli endid.
And aftirward whiles kyng Harri held his Cristemasse in Roon,
the ambassiatours of kyng Charhs and of the dukes of Burgoyne
cam thider vnto him, to whora king Llarri sente agayn Richard erl
of Warwic, with othir wise men and a notable power of men of
armes, with fulle power and commaunderaent to conclude the pee}.
And aftir raeny wise tretees on bothe parties P^^s was concludid bi
thaffinite and wedlok of king Harri and dame Katerine king Charlis
doustir. But because certayne thyngis were necessary for the
whiche the presence of bothe kyngis moste nedis be had, what for
settyng to of thair sells, what for the mariage sewyng, and alsoo
Charlis was so feblid with age and ofte tymes vexid with his cus-
tumable seeknesse ; it was betuene thayme thus appoyntid, that king
Harri sholde corae at a day lyraytid vnder trewes with such puys-
saunce as him likid to Nogent vpon Sayne, to parfourme finally al
thyng that to the pees was nedefulle, and yf he cam not alle thyng
sholde be had as for noughte. Aftir this appoyntement thus ymaad
the erl retourned to the kyng notifyng vnto him in writyng alle
theffect of his ambassiat.
The king fro thennes went to Nogent ; and there mette with him
the duke of Burgoyne with a gret companie of men of armes. -^^d
aftir meny and dyvers tretees, the xij kalendis of Juyne, the xl yere of
king Charlis regne, in the cathedralle chirche of Nogent, kyng Harri

HENRY V. 51
withe the duke of Clarence his brothir and othir princes and noblis, A.D. 1420,
and Ysabelle quene of Fraunce with the duke of Burgoyne, beyng
there for kyng Charlis, thanne labouryng in his seeknesse forsaid,
and in thair owen names also, and the iij statis of Fraunce, peej be
tuene the ij remes of Englond aud of Fraunce was raaad, and with
certayn condicions approued. And kyng Charlis charged alle his
liegemenne on peyne of forfaiture of thair ligeaunces to kepe the said
pees ¦> and therto thay raade thair othe, and plight thair trouthes in
the handes of kyng Harri. And anon quene Ysabelle of Fraunce,
and Philippe duke of Burgoyne, in the name of kyng Charlis, swoor
vpon the holy gospellis to kepe the said pees so concludid for thaym
and for thair heiris and successours withoute fraude and male engyne
for euermore ; and this same oth made quene Ysabel, and the duke
of Burgoyne, and the iij statis of Fraunce to kyng Harri, to his
heiris and successours. And atte ix kalendis of Juyne, befor quene [May 24th.]
Ysabel and kyng Charlis counsel, befor the parlement and the iij Folio 177 b.
statis of Fraunce, and othir English princes and lordis, contract of
matrimony be present wordis betuene kynge Harri and dame Kate
rine, kyng Charhs doughtir of Fraunce, was there maad and so-
leranysid. And as sone as alle this was enactid in writyng as it was acordid,
kyng Harri, kyng Charlis, the ij quenys Ysabelle and Kateryne, and
the duke of Burgoyne wente vnto Senlis and gat it ; and fro thennes
vnto Melon and besegid it, and that sege endurid fro Juylle vnto
Nouerabir in raoche duresse ; and atte laste for defaute of vitail, the
toun was yoldenne. Thanne the ij kyngis, the ij quenys, and the
duke of Burgoyne with thair ostis wente to Paris, and the citeseynes
of Paris mette with thaym in ful noble aray.
And at January next kyng Harri and dame Kateryne wente in to
Englond, and lefte at Paris Thomas duke of Excestre, gouernour,
and Thomas his brothir duke of Clarence, regent of Normandie ; the
whiche duke of Clarence was slayn there with the Scottis on Estis
evyn, whiles the kyng was in Englonde. And on the Sunday the

52

A CHRONICLE.

A, D. 1421,
Anno viij,
[Anno ix".]
A.D. 1421.
Folio 178.

[Anno x".]
A,D. 1422,
[May.]

Rex Henricus
obit, decus olim,
nunc dolor
orbis !

xiiij* day of Feuerer, the viij yeer of kyng Harri, dame Kateryne
was crouned at Westmynstre,
At midsomer next aftir, the kyng lefte the quene in Englond, and
wente ayen in to Fraunce, and took certayn garisons that were yit
rebel ; and besegid the toun of Meux, atte whiche sege tidyngis cam
to the kyng that the quene was delyuerid ; and aftir her purifica-
cioun she wente ayen in to Fraunce,
Whanne Meux was yoldenne, kyng Harri wente to Paris, makyng
ordenaunce forto besege the tovn of Cone ; and thanne a sore and a
feruent maladie him assaillid, and fro day to day hira greuousli
vexid ; til he deide in the castelle of Boys Vincent, the laste day of
August, whanne he hadde regned ix yeer v monethis. iij wikis, and
iij dale}, and is buried at Westmynstre : on who} soule .Mmyghti
God haue mercy. Amen,

* So Stowe (Annals). The true date is 3rd Sunday in Lent, eve of St. Matthias' day,
Feb. 23rd. See Rymer, vol, x, p. 63.

HENRY VL

Of kyng Harry ihe vf" aftir the conqueste, sone of kyng Harri the Cap™, cxiix.
v*^, and of the bataille of Vernulle, Sfc. '^""'' ^^^ ^•
A FTiR the noble and victorious prince kyng Harri the V, regned ^^: ^^^' ^
-^^ his sone kyng Harri the vj**, that was bore at Wyndesore, in September 1st.]
the feste of saynt Nicholas the confessour, and began forto regne in gth^^mL]
the age of ix monethis and xv daies.
-And the iij'*^ yeer of his regne *, was a gret batOIe don at Vemul Anno iij [ij].
in Perch, betuene Johan duke of Bedforde, thanne regent of Fraunce,
and the Scottis and the Frenshemenne ; in the whiche bataille was
take the duke of Alaunsonne, and there were slayne the bastard of
jWaunsonne, the erl of Narbonne, and the erl of Marrebonne. And
on the Scottis part were slayne the erl Douglas, the erl Boghan, the
erlle of Marre, the erl of Murreye, and meny othir to the noumbre
of vij M^ and more. And aftir the said bataille was done, ther
were y founde in the diches of the toun more than iiij M'. ydround.
And thus hadde Englisshemen the victory, thanked be Alrayghti
God. The iiii yeer of his regne, on the morow aftir the feste of Siraon Anno iiij'".
and Jude, aroos a gret debaat betuene Hurafrey duke of Gloucestre [October 29th.]
and master Harri Beaufort his vncle bisshoppe of Wynchestre,
being that tyme Chaunceller of Englond ; so that alle the cite of
Londoun was mevid ayens the bisshoppe, and wolde haue destroid him
* The 2nd of Henry VI. The battle was on August 16th, 1424.

54

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1425-6.
Polio 179.

Anno V,
A.D. 1427.
[March.]

nno viij.
A.D. 1429.
[November
6th.] [April 24th,*]
Anno [i]x.
A.D. 1430-1,

Polio 179 b.

in his yn in Suthwerk ; but the yatis of Londoun brigge were so sureli
kept that no man myste passe out, and the Thamise was also kept
that no man myst passe ouer. And the said bisshoppe hadde a gret
company of men of armes and archiers withynne his place, to haue
maad defens if nede hadde be. But atte laste be mene of lordis and
specialH of the prince of Portyngale, that was the same tyme in
Londoun, this troubille was cesid : and aftirward the same yeer atte
parlement holden at Leycestre thay were fulli accordid, but yit ther
was prive wrath betuene thaym long tyme aftir.
The V yeer of this kyng Harri, the forsaid maister Harri Beaufort,
bisshoppe of Wynchestre, was maad a Cardinal of Rome be pope
Martyn the V, of the title of saint Euseby ; and sente his hat to
Caleys, and thider he wente, and there receyued it.
The viij yere of his regne, he was crouned at Westmynstre on
the Sunday in the feste of saint Leonard.
And sone aftir he wente into Fraunce, and was crouned at Paris
the ix day of Deceraber, the x yeer f of his regne, thorough special
help and supportacioun of the said cardinalle there beyng present ;
and cara the sarae yeer in to Englond agayn.
-And this sarae yeer, whilis the kyng was in Fraunce, and Humfrey
duke of Gloucestre his vncle beyng protectour and gouernour of
this lond, aroos a man that named himself Jacke Sharpe, purposyng
with his fals feleshippe to haue destroid the chirche and the lordis
spirituel and temporel : but he was take and dampned to the deth
befor the said duke at Oxenforde, and drawe and hanged and
quartrid ; and his hed and his quarters were set vp in dyuers places
of Englond.
And this same yeer, on saint Katerine} eve, the lord Fitz Watier
wolde haue come fro Normandie in to Englond, and ayens the
wLlle and counsel of the shipmenne wente heddily to ship at Dope ;
and whanne he was in the se, ther fil on him a greet tempest, and
drounde hira with moche othir peple.

See Rymer, vol, x. p, 458.

t The 9th year of his reign. 1430.

HENRY VI. 55
The xj yeer of this kyng Harri, was the grete and general clip of a.d. 1433.
the sunne on saynt Botulfis day; wherof moche peple was sore aferd. gen"eraU3 eciip-
And the next yeer aftir, the xij yeer of kyng Harri, was the grete sis soils, &c.
frost that nevir eny such was seen before ; and it endurid fro saint a'd°U33-4.
Kateryne} day vnto Sheoftide ; and the Thamise and othir grete
rivers were so hard frosen that hors and cariage ray}te passe ovir.
And the nexte yeer aftir began the grete derthe of corn in this ^"°* ''"J"-
land, the whiche endurid ij yeer, so that a busshelle of whete was sold Caristia biadi.
for xl. d,, and the peer peple in dyuers partie} of the Northcuntre
eet breed maad of farn rotes.
The xiij yeer of king Harri deide that noble prince Johan duke of Bed- •^"JJ" .".^J,' PJ "
forde,* the kyngis vncle, and regent of Fraunce, and is buried at Roon.
The xiiij yeer of king Harri, Philip duke of Burgoyne, as a Anno xiiij.
fals forsworn man, besegid the toun of Caleys with gret ordenaunce, poiio 180.
and an huge noumbre of peple, that is to say Cl.M^., as it was said.
And forto breke the said sege Humfrey duke of Gloucestre with a
gret retenu was sent to Caleys. But befor his goyng the erl of Morteyne
and the lord Camoys were sent to Caleys with v C men for to kepe the
toune, til more strengthe ray}te corae. And sone aftir, be counselle
and raanhood of ser Johan Radclyffe, that tyme lieutenaunt of Caleys,
the said sege was broke ; for whanne the duke of Burgoyne herde
of the comyng of the duke of Gloucestre with so gret a power, he
lefte the sege and wente his way, levyng behynde him some of his
gonne} and bombarde} hid vnder the sande}.
Thanne wente the said duke of Gloucestre vnto Caleys, and fro [August.]
thennys into Flaundris, destroyyng the cuntre a,nd the corn stondyng
vpon the grounde, and brende the toun of Poperyng and othir smale
village}, and thaime cam in to Englond agayne aboute the feste of
saint Bartilraew,
And this same yeer withynne a moneth aftir that the said duke
of Burgoyne was fled from Caleis, Jame} kyng of Scottis besegid
* The duke of Bedford died September 16th, 1435 ; consequently in the 14th of
Henry VI.

56

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1436.

[August.]
Folio 180 b.
[Anno xv".]
A.D. 1437,
Rex Scotorum
interficitur.

Anno xix
[xviij .*]
A.D, 1440,

Polio 181,

the castel of Rokesburgh in Northumbirlond with CxL.M'. men as
it was said : but thay withynne the castel kept it with iiij*^ menne
of arme} ayens the king of Scottis, and and all his ost. And whanne
the said kynge herde telle that certayn lordis of the Northcuntre
wolde come and breke the sege, he fledde in Scotland ayenne.
And aftirward aboute the moneth of Marche be excitacion and
stiryng of the erl of AthoUe and othir, the said kyng of Scottis, as
he was goyng toward his bed, hauyng no more vn him but onli his
shirte, cruelli and vnmanli was slayne ; and as it was said he hadde
on him xxx woundis, wherof vij were dedly.
The xix yeer of kyng Harri, the Friday before midsomer, a prest
callid ser Richard Wyche, that was a vicary in Estsexe, was brend on
the Tourhille for heresie, for whoo} deth was gret murmur and
troubil among the peple, for some said he was a good man and an
holy, and put to deth be malice; and some saiden the contrary; and
so dyuers men hadde of him dyuers oppinions. And so fer forth
the comune peple was brought in such errour, that meny menne and
wommen wente be nyghte to the place where he was brend, and
offrid there money and ymages of wax, and made thair praiers knel-
yng as thay wolde haue don to a saynt, and kiste the ground and
baar away with thaym the asshis of his body as for reliques > and
this endurid viij dales, til the mair and aldermenne ordeyned men of
arme} forto restreyne and lette the lewd peple fro that fals ydolatrie,
and meny were therfore take and lad to prisoun.
And among othir was take the vicary of Berkyngchirche beside
the tour of Londoun, in who} parishe alle tliis was done, that
receyued the offeryng of the symple peple. And for to excite and
stire thaym to offre the more feruently, and to fulfille and satisfie his
fals couetise, he took asshis and medlid thaym with powder of
spice} and strowed thaym in the place where the said heretic
was brend ; and so the symple peple was deceyued, wenyng
that the swete flauour hadde comme of the asshis of the ded

* Correction by the hand of Stowe.

HENRY VL 57
heretic: fortius the said vicari of Berkyngchirche confessid aftir- a.d. 1440.
ward in prisoun. And the said heretic cesid nevir vnto the laste
breth forto blaspheme and desclaundre the iiij ordris of freris, the
whiche was no token of perfeccion ne of charite.
And this same yeer in the monetli of Juylle, maister Roger Bol- [Anno] xix.*
tyngbroke that was a gret and a konnyng man in astronomye, and Ho'o'anto^'
maister Thomas Suthwelle a chanon of saint Stevene} chapel magister Jo-
wythynne Westmynstre, were take as conspiratours of the kyngis ar"hiepisoop\^s
deth ; for it was said that the said maister Roger sholde laboure to ^'^°''- ^^"'¦'¦'^^
IT. 1 n .111 ^'"^^ cardinalis j
consume the kyngis persone be wey of nygromancie, and that the Feb. 1440.t
said raaister Thomas sholde say massis in forlioden and inconuenient
place}, that is to say, in tlie logghe of Harnesey Parli beside London,
vpon certayn instrumentis with the whiche the said maister Roger
sholde and (sic) vse his said craft of nj-gromancie ayens the feith
and good beleue, and was assentyng to the said Roger in alle his
worlds. And the Sunday the xxv day of the same monetli, the
forsaid raaister Roger with all his instrumentis of nygromancie — that Polio 181 b.
is to say a chaier ypeynted, wherynne he was wont to sitte wliajme
he wroughte his craft, and on the iiij corners of the chaier stood
iiij swerdis, and vpon euery swerd hanggyng an ymage of copir — and
with meny othir instrumentis accordyng to his said craft, stood in
a high stage aboue alle menne} heddis in Powlis chircheyerd befor
the cros while} the sermon endurid, holdyng a suerd in his right
hand and a septre in his lift hand, araid in a marvaillous aray
whereynne he was wont to sitte whanne he wrou}te his nygro
mancie. And aftir the sermon was don, he abiurid alle maner
article} longyng in eny wise to the said craft of nigromancie, or
mys sownyng to the Cristen feith.
And the Tywisday next folowyng dame Alienore Cobham, ^^^^ '""'pi' P™-
C6SSUS contrci
duchesse of Gloucestre, fledde be ny}te in t(5 the sayntewary at Aiienoram Cob-
Westmynstre ; wherfore she was holde suspect of certayn article} '"''"•
of tresoun, * Correction by Stowe. t Consequently in the 18th Henry VI.
I

58

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1441.

Folio 182.

[Anno xx^.]
A.D. 1441.

Polio 182 b.
, Nota de sorti-
lega de Eye.

In the mene tyme, the forsaid maister Roger was examned before
the kyngis counsel ; where he confessid and saide that he wroughte
the said nygromancie atte stiryng of the forsaid dame Alienore, to
knowe what sholde falle of hir and to what astat she sholde come.
Wherfore she was citid to appere befor certayn bisshoppis of the
kyngis; that is to say, befor maister Harri Chicheli, archebisshop
of Cauntirbury, maister Harry Beaufort bisshoppe of Wynchestre
and cardinalle, maister Johan Kemp archebisshoppe of York and
cardinalle, maister William Ayscoughe bisshoppe of Sahsbury,
and othir, on the Monday the" xxij day off Juylle next folowyng,
in saint Stephene} chapelle of Westmynstre, forto ansuere to certayn
articles of nygromancie, of wicchecraft or sorcery, of heresy and
of tresoun. Atte whiche day she apperid ; and the forsaid Roger was
brou}t forth forto witnesse ayens hir, and saide that she was cause
and first stirid himme to laboure in the said nygromancie; and
thanne be commaundement of the said bisshoppis she was com-
mittid to the warde of sir Johan Stiward knyghte, and of Johan
Stanley squier, and othir of the kyngis hous, forto be lad to the
castelle of Ledis, there to be safli kept vnto iij wikis aftir Mighel
raasse next thanne comyng. But the said dame AKenore was lothe
to go out of the sayntwary and fayned.her seek, and wolde haue
stole away priveli be watir, but she was let of her purpos and lad
forth to the castel beforsaid.
-Anonne aftir, a, commission was direct to the erl of Himtyngdoun,
to the erl of Stafforde, to the erl of Suffolk, and to certayn juges of
bothe benchis, to enquire of al maner tresons, sorcery, and alle othir
thyngi} that myste in eny wise towche or concerne harmfulli the
kyngis persone; befor whom the said maister Roger and maister
Thomas as principalle, and the said dame Alienore as accessory,
were enditid of treson, yn the Guyldehalle of Londoun.
And this sarae tyrae was take a womman callid the wicche of Eye,
whoos sorcerie and wicchecraft the said dame Alienore hadde longe
tyme vsid ; and be suche medicines and drynkis as the said wicche

HENRY VI, 59
made, the said Alienore enforced the forsaid duke of Gloucestre to AD. 1441.
loue her and to wedde her. Wherfore, and also for cause of relaps,
the same wicche was brend in Smythfeld, in the vigily of Saint
Simon and Jude.
Ferthirmore on the Satirday the xxj day of Octobir, in the chapel
beforsaid, befor the bisshoppis of Londoun, raaister Robert Gilbert,
and of Lincoln maister WUliam Alnewik, and of Norwich maister
Thomas Brouns, to whom the said archebisshoppe of Cauntirbury,
maister Henri Chichele, hadde committid his power be his commis
sioun because of his seeknesse to fynyshe and ende this mater, the
said Alienore apperid. And raaister Adam Moleyns, thanne clerc
of the kyngis counsel, redde certayn article} obiectid ayens hir of
sorcerie and nygromancie, wherof some she denyed and some she
grauntid. Thanne was this processe proroged vnto the Monday the xxiij day
of Octobir thanne next folowyng, at whiche day the said Alienore
apperid and witnesse} were broughte forth and examned, and she
was convict of the said article}. Thanne it was axed of hir, yf she
wolde eny say ayens the witnesse}, and she said Nay, but submitted
hir onli to the correccioun of the bisshoppis ; and on the Friday
next, the said Alienore abiurid before the bisshoppis the article}
abouesaid. And thanne she was enioyned forto appere before the Folio 183.
said archebisshoppe of Cauntirbury or his forsaid commissioners,
the Thursday the ix day of Nouerabir next folowyng, forto receyue
her penaunce. And in the mene tyme the forsaid maister Thomas
Suthwelle deide in the tour of Londoun.
The Thursday abouesaid the said dame Alienore apperid befor
tharchebisshoppe and othir in the forsaid chapelle, and receyued her
penaunce vnder this fourme ; that she sholde go the same day fro
Templebarre with a meke and a demure countenaunce vnto Poulis Nota peniten-
beryng in her bond a tapir of a pound, and offre it there atte highe cobh^r^M^
auter. And the Wedenesday next she sholde go fro the Swan in iniunctam.
Thamyse strete beryng a tapir of the same weighte vnto Crichirche

60 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1441, in Londoun, and there offre it vp. And the Friday next she shold
go in lik wise fro Quenehide berying a tapir of the same weighte
vnto saint Mighele} in CornhuUe, and there offre it vp. The whiche
penaunce she fulfiUid and dede righte mekely, so that the more
part of the peple hadde on hir gret compassioun.
And aftir this she was committid ayen to the warde of ser Thomas
Stanley, wherynne she was al her Iif aftir, hauyng yeerli C marc,
assigned to hir for hir fyndyng and costis ; whoo} pride, fals couetise
Polio 183 b. and lecherie were cause of her confusioun. Othir thyngis myghte
be writen of this dame Alienore, the whiche atte reuerence of nature
and of wominanhood shul not be reherced.
And the Satirday the xviij day of Nouembir next sewyng, maister
Roger Boltyngbroke at Guyldehalle at Londoun befor the said lordis
and justices was arreymed of the forsaid articles of tresoun ayens the
kyngis persone, and therof be xij men of Londoun he was founde
gilty. Wherfore be the iugement of ser Johan Hody that tyme chief
justice of the kyngis bench, he was drawe fro the tour of Londoun
vnto Tyburne ; and there he was hanged tmd leet doun half alive,
and his bowellis take out and brent, and his hed smyte of and set on
London brigge, and his body quartrid and sent to certayn tounes of
Englond, that is to saye, Oxenford, Cambrigge, York and Hereforde.
And whanne the said maister Roger sholde die, he confessid that he
was nevir gilty of eny treson ayens the kyngis persone ; but he pre
sumed to fer in his konnyng, as he sayde, wherof he cride God
mercy ; and the justice that yaf on him iugement livid not longe aftir,
Anno xxj". The xxj yeer of king Harri, samt Georges feste was holde at
A.D. 1443, Westmynstre, and there ser Johan Beaufort erl of Somerset was
maad duke of Somerset.
Anno xxij. The xxij yeer of kynge Harri, Johan erUe of Huntyngdoun at
Wyndesore was raade duke of Excestre.
And tills same yeer deide the forsaid Johan Beaufort duke of
Somerset, the vj kalendes of May, at Wymborne mynstre in the
counte of Dorset, and there he is buried.

A.D. 1444.

HENRY VI. 61
The xxiij [xxij] yere of kyng Harri, aboute thebeginnyng of Lente, A.D. 1444.
were sente ambassiatours in to Fraunce ; that is to say, the erl of Folio 184.
Suffolk, maister Adam Moleyns dean of Salisbury and keper of the
kyngis pryve seal, and ser Robert Roos, and other, to trete of the
mariage betuene kyng Harri and dame Margarete the kyngis
doustir of Cecile. And the Sunday next befor Witsuntide the xxiiij
day of May, in saint Martynes chirche in the toun of Touris in
Tureyne, assuraunce of mariage was maad betuene the said
erlle, as in name of the kyngis persone, and the said dame Marga
rete, before the popis legat Petrus de Monte, that tyrae beyng there.
And thanne were grauntid trewes and abstinence of warre betuene
Englond and Fraunce for terrae of xviij raonethes, — but what treson
grew vnder tho trewes, it was sone know aftirward be alienacion of
Anges and Mayne, and wilful lesyng of al Normandy ; and aftir this,
our ambassiatours cara hoom agayne.
The xxiiij [xxiij] yeer of kyng Harri in the moneth of Nouembir, [Anno xxiij"]
the said erl of Suffolk with othir wente ayenne in to Fraunce, forto
brynge and condue the said dame Margarete into Engelond: the whiche
erl was made befor his goyng markeys of Suffolk; and sone aftir he
was maad duke.
And this same yeer, at Witsuntid, Hurafrey erl of Stafford was
raaad duke of Bukynghame.
And this same yeer, on the Thursday the xxv. day of Feuerer
was a parlement begonne att Westmynstre, in the whiche Gye
[Henry]* the yong erl of Warwic was raaad duke of Warwic;
and the lord Beauraond was maad vicount Beaumond. Folio 184 b,
And duryng this parlement, the forsaid dame Margarete landid A.D. 1445.
at Porchestre and wente fro thennes to Hamptoun be water, and
restid her there in the Goddeshous ; and thanne she wente in to the
abbey of Tychfeld, and there she was weddid to king Harri on the
Thursday the xxij. day of Aprille, and maister William Ascoghe,
* This is Stowe's correction, the word " Gye" is struck out from the text and " Henry"
written in the margin.

62 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1445. bisshoppe of SaUsbury, dede the solennite of the marriage and weddid
thayra, and on the Sunday the xxx. day of May next folowyng she
was crouned at Westmynstre.
This same yeer in the moneth of JuyUe deide the forsaid Gye
[Henry]* duke of Warwic withoute heir male; and so in him cessid
and failid the noble lyne of the erUs of Warwic, as to heir male,
and remayned in his doustir.
[Anno XXV".] The XXV. yeer of kyng Harri, yn the monethis of Nouembir and
A.D. 1446, Decembir fiUe grete thundryng and lightnyng, with huge and grete
wyndis.
A.D. 1447. j^nd in the moneth of Feuerer next aftir, the x. day thereof, began
mento de'sury. the parlement at saint Edmundis Bury in Suffolk; the whiche parle
ment was maad only for to sle the noble duke of Gloucestre, who}
deth the fals duke of Suffolk WiUiam de la Pole, and ser Jame}
Fyne} lord Say, and othir of thair assent, hadde longe tyme con-
spu:ed and yraagyned. And they seyng that thay myst not sle him
be no trewe menes of iustise ne of lawe, and enfourmed falsli the
king, and sayde that he wolde reise the Walshmenne forto distresse
Folio 185. him and destroie hira ; and ordeyned that euery lord sholde come to
the said parlement in thair best aray and withe strengthe. And
alle the weyes aboute the said toun off Bury, be commaundement of
the said duke of Suffolk, were kept with gret multitude of peple of
the cuntre, wakyng day and nyghte; vnknowyng the said peple
wherfore it was : and the wedir was so cold that some of the peer
peple that there wakid, deide for cold.
And ayens the ende of the parleraent, the said duke of Gloucestre
was sent for, for to corae and ansuer to suche poyntes "^f tresoun as
sholde be laid ayens him ; and er he cara fully into the toun of Bury,
ther were sent vnto him messagers commaundyng him on the kyngis
behalfs, that he sholde go streighte to his yn, and come not nyghe
the kyng til he hadde othirwise in commaundement. And the
secunde day aftir, whiles he sat at mete in his yn, cam a sergeaunt
* Stowe's correction.

HENRY VI. 63
of arme} and arestid certayn kny}tis and squyers and othir special a.d, 1447.
seruauntis of his, and ladde thaym to dyuers prisons.
And the iij. day aftir, the lord Beaumount with othir, that is to
say, the duke of Bukynghame, the duke of Somerset, and othir, cam
to the said duke of Gloucestre and arestid him : and thanne were
certayn of the kyngis hous commaunded to waite on him. .And the
iij. day aftir, he deide for sorou, as some men saide, because he t'^'^^- 28th.]
myghte not corae to his ansuer and excuse him of suche thyngis as
were falsli put on hira ; for the said duke of Suffolk and lord Say, Folio 186 b,
and othir of thair assent, so stirid and excitid the kyng ayens the
said duke of Gloucestre that he myghte nevir come to his excuse ;
for thay hadde cast among thaym a prive conclusioun, the whiche as
yit is not come to the knowlage of the commune peple, and thay
wiste weUe that thay sholde nevir brynge it aboute til he were ded ;
but the certaynte of his deth is not yit openly knowe, but ther is no
thyng so prive, as the gospell saith, but atte laste it shal be openne.
And this same yeer, on the Tiwisday in the Estirwike deide [April llth.]
maister Harri Beaufort, bisshoppe of Wynchestre and prest cardi
nalle of Rome.
And this yeer in the moneth of August, deide ser Johan Holond,
duke of Excestre and erlle of Huntyngdoun.
The xxvj. yeer of king Harri was lepe yeer, and our ladie} evyn Anno xx^j».
in Lente fiUe on Estirday. ^¦°- ^**^-
The xxviij. yeer of king Harri, on Simon day and Jude, and other Anno xxviij.
dale} before and aftir, the sonne in his risyng and goyng doune ¦*-°' ^'
apperid as reed as blood, as meny a raan saw ; wherof the peple hadde
gret marvaUle, and demed that it sholde betokened sum harm sone
aftirward. And this same yeer, in the feste of saint Mighelle in Monte Tumba, [October I6th.]
Roon was lost and yolden to the Frensshem'enne ;* beyng therynne
that tyme the duke of Somerset and the erl of Shrowesbury.
And the next yeer aftir, alle Normandy was lost.
* Rouen was evacuated, according to treaty, November 4, 1449 (Monstrelet).

64

A CHRONICLE.

A.D, 1450.
Folio 186.

Episcopus
Cicestre inter
ficitur. [June 29th.]

Episcopus
Sarum occi-
ditur.

Nota de
Johanne Cade,
capitaneoKaneise.
Folio 186 b.
[May 30th.*]

And this yeer, the Friday the ix. day of Januarye, maister Adam
Moleyns, bisshoppe of Chichestre and keper of the kyngis prive seel,
whom the kyng sente to Portesmouth, forto make paiement of money
to certayne soudiers and shipmenne for thair wage} ; and so it
happid (sic) that with boiste} langage, and also for abriggyng of
thair wage}, he fil in variaunce with thaym, and thay fil on hitn,
and cruelli there kUde him.
And this same yer, in the feste of Saint Petir and Paule aftir
Midsomer, that is to say, the Monday, the laste day of Juyn saue
one, maister WiUiam Ascoghe bisshop of SaUsbury was slayn of
his owen parisshens and peple at Edyngdoun aftir that he hadde
said masse, and was drawe fro the auter and lad vp to an hUle ther
beside, in his awbe, and his stole aboute his necke ; and there thay
slow him horribly, thair fader and thair bisshoppe, and spoillid him
vnto the nakid skyn, and rente his blody shirte in to pecis and baar
thaym away with thaym, and made bost of thair wickidnesse : and
the day befor his deth his chariot was robbed be men of the same
cuntre of an huge god and tresour, to the value of x. M*. marc, as
thay saide that knewe it, Thise ij, bisshoppis were wonder couetous
men, and evil beloued among the comune peple, and holde suspect
of meny defautes, and were assentyng and willyng to the deth of the
duke of Gloucestre, as it was said.
And this sarae yeer, in the moneth of May, aroos thay of Kent
and made thaym a capteyne, a ribaude, an Yrissheman, callid Johan
Cade; the whiche atte begynning took on him the name of a
gentilmanne, and callid himself Mortymer forto haue the more
fauour of the peple; and he caUid himself also John Amende-alle;
for forasmuche as thanne and longe before the reme of Englond
hadde be rewlid be untrew counseUe, wherfore the comune profit
was sore hurt and decresid ; so that alle the comune peple, what for
* " Septima in Pentecoste." W. Worcester, Pentecost this year being May 24th, See
our chronicler below, who fixes the date of Cade's great popularity from the day
following.

HENRY VI. 65
taxe} and tallage} and other oppressions myght not live be thair A.D. 1460.
handwork and husbondrie, wherfore thay grucchid sore ayens thaym
that hadde the gouernaunce of the land.
Thanne cam the said capteyn and the Kentisshmen vnto the
Blakeheth, and there kepte the feld a raoneth and raore, pilyng alle
the cuntre aboute ; to whora the cite of Londoun, at that tyme, was
fulle fauorable and frendly; but it last not longe aftir. In the
mene tyme the king sente notable menne to the said capteyn and
his feleshippe, to knowe thair purpose and the cause of thair insur- [June.]
reccioun. The capteyn was a sotill raan, and saide that he and his
feleship were asserablid and gadrid there, forto redresse and refourrae
the wrongis that were don in the rerae, and to withstonde the
malice of thayme that were destroiers of the comune profit ; and
forto correcte and amende the defautis of thaym that were the kyngis
chief counselours ; and shewde vnto thaym the articles of his
peticions concernyng and touchyng the myschiefs and mysgouern- Folio 187,
aunce} of the reme, wherynne was nothyng conteyned but that
that was rightful and resonable, wherof a copie was sent to the
parlement holden that tyme at Westraynstre ; wherfore the said
capteyne desirid that suche grevaunce} sholde be amendid and re-
fourmed be the parlement, and to haue ansuer therof agayne, but he
hadde none.
Sone aftir the kyng remeued fro Westmynstre vnto Grenewich;
and while he was there he wolde haue sent certayn lordis with a
power forto haue distressid the Kentisshmenne, but thair raen that
sholde haue gon with thaym ansuerde to thair lordis and saide, that
thay wolde not fi}te ayens thaym that labourid forto amende and
refourme the comune profit; and whanne the lordis herde this, thay
lefte thair purpo}.
Thanne cride the Kentisshmenne and othir ayens the lord Say, .
the kyngis chamberlayne, that was on of the kyngis fals counselours
and holden suspect of tresoun, and the king dredyng the malice of
the peple, committid him to the tour of Londou^.
CAMD. SOC. K

66

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1450.

Polio 187 b.

[June 28th ?]
[June 30th ?]
[July 1st.]
[July 3rd,
Friday.]

Polio 188.
[July 5th,
Sunday.]

Thanne wente the kyng ayen to Londoun, and withynne ij. dale}
aftir he wente ayens the Kentisshmenne with xv M^ men wel araid
vnto the Blakeheth, but the said Kentisshmen heryng how the king
wolde corae, and fledde the ny}t befor his corayns, in to the wode
cuntre to Seuenok.
The kyng thanne retourned to Londoun, and sente out a squier
callid William Stafford, and ser Humfrey Stafford, kny}t, his
cosyne, forto aspie where the Kentisshmen were ; and whanne they
knew that thay were at Seuenok, thay rood thider hastily with a
few menne, wenyng to haue gotenne a singuler worshippe and laude;
but thay were withyn the daunger of thaym er thay wiste it, and
were there bothe yslayne, with the more part of thair men that
abood with thaym.
Whanne this was don the king dissolued the parlement, and re
meued vnto Kyllyngworth. And whanne the Kentishmen herde
that the kyng was gon fro Londoun, thay cam ayen in to Suthwerk,
and thair capteyn was loggid atte Hert. And the Thursday* aftir
be fauour of some of the men of Londoun he cam in to the cite,
but sone aftir thay repentid, for thay were diuidid among thaymself;
but the keie} of the cite were delyuerid vnto the said capteyn, and
he kepte thaym ij. dale} and ij. nyghtes. And whanne he hadde
entrid the cite anon he and his men fiUe to roboi'ie, and robbid
certayn worthi men of the cite, and put some of thaym in to prison
til thay hadde paid notable suramej of money to saue thair livis.
And the said capteyn rood aboute the cite beryng a nakid swerd in
his hand, armed in a peire of brigaundyne}, weryng a peire of gUt
sporis, and a gilt salat, and a gowne of blew veluet, as he hadde he
a lord or a knyst, — and yit was he but a knaue, — and hadde his
swerd born befor him.
And the Satirday next the said capteyn commaundid that the
lord Say sholde be broust out of the tour vnto Guyldehalle in

* Friday, not Thursday, July 3rd, " Die Veneris, tertio die Julii." Wm. Woroest,

HENRY VI. 67
Londoun, where that certayn justices sat that tyme ; and whanne he A.D. 1460.
was ycome, the Kentisshmen wolde not suffre him forto abide the
lawe, but ladde hira vnto the Standard in Chepe, and there his hed
was srayte of, and his body was drawe naked at a hors taille vpon
the pament so that the flesshe clivid to the stones fro Chepe in to
Suthwerk, the said capteynes ynne. Also a squier callid Crowraer
that was the shireue of Kent, that hadde weddid the said lord Sales
doustir, be commaundement of the capteyne was broughte out of
Flete, that was committid thider for certayn extorsione} that he
hadde do in his office, and lad to Mile Ende, withoute Londoun, and
there withoute eny othir iugement his hed was smyte of, and the
lord Sale} hed and his also were bore vpon ij. long shaftis vnto
Londoun brigge, and there set vppe, and the lord Sale} body was
quartrid. On the Sunday next, men of London seyng the tiranny and robory [July 6th,
of the said cursid capteyne and of his men ; and whanne it was Monday.]
nyghte thay laide hand on thayrae that were disparblid aboute in the
cite, and bet thayra and droof thayra out of the cite, and shit the
yatis. And whanne the capteyn that was in his yn in Suthwerk
saw this, anon he with his men made assaut to Londoun brigge, and Polio 188 b.
wolde haue come yn, and spoylid the cite ; and the lord Scale} with '• " ^ ' ' J
his menne and menne of the cite faughte with thayme fro ix. of the
clocke in the euyn, vnto x. of the clocke in the morow ; and raeny [July 8th.]
raen were slayn on bothe partie} , and sore wounded ; and there were
slayne, Mathew Goghe a squyer of Walis, and Johan Sutton an
alderman of Londoun. And this skyrraysh endurid til the brigge of
tre was set on fire, betuene thayra of Kent and of Londoun ; and
thanne thay of Kent withdrew thayra litille and litUle. And thair
capteyn put alle his pilage and the godis that he hadde robbid in to
a barge, and sente it to Rouchestre be watir, iand he wente be lande [July 9tb-]
and wolde haue go in to the castel of Queneburghe with a fewe men
that were left with himme, but he was let of his purpo}. And anon
he fledde in to the wode cuntre beside Lewe}, and the shireue of

68 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1450. Kent hira pursude, and there he was wounded vnto the dethe, and
take and caried in a carte toward Londoun, and be the wey he
deide.* And thanne his hed was srayte of and set on Londoun
brigge, and his body quartrid and sent to dyuers toune} of Englond;
[May 31st.] whoos tirannye endurid fro Trinite Sunday vnto Saint Thomas evef
of Caunterbury : and thus endid this capteyn of myschief.
And this sarae yeer, the communes aroos in dyuers parties of
Polio 189. Englond, as in Sussex, Salisburye, Wilshire, and othir places, and
dede moche harm to meny persones.
And this sarae yeer, was the yeer of grace at Rome, and began
on Neweyeris day, and lastid vnto the same day the nexte yeer
folowyng.
Anno xxix. The xxix $ yere of king Harri, Norraandie was lost be the
vntrouthe and fals couetise of Edmund duke of Somerset, beyng
that tyme lieutenaunt of Normandie ; for he raenusid and abatid the
nourabre of the soudiers that were in the garison}, and sente thaym
in to Englond vnpaid of thair wage}, wherby the strengthe of
Normandie was lost.
Also the comune vols and fame was that tyme, that the duke of
Suffolk WUliam de la Pole, and the said duke of Somerset, with
othir of thair assent, hadde maad delyueraunce of Aunge and Mayn
withoute assent of this lond vnto the kyng of Cicile the queues fader;
and hadde also aliened and sold the duchie of Normandie to the
king of Fraunce ; wherfore aUe the peple of this lond and specialli
the commune} cride ayens the said duke of Suffolk, and said he was
a traitour ; and atte instaunce and peticioun of the said commune}
* A proclamation, promising a thousand markes for the head of Cade, was issued 10th
of July. See Stowe's Annals, 646 ; Holinshed, iii. 635. And on the 15th ofthe same
month an order was given to the Treasurer of the Exchequer to pay the amoimt to Alex
ander Iden, sheriff of Kent (Eymer, xi. 275). This would fix his death between the
10th and 15th July. The Rolls of Parliament seem -to prove that it must have taken
place after the llth Rot. Pari, v, 224.
f Eve of translation of Thomas of Canterbury, July 6th.
J The Chronicler is still in the 28th of Henry VI,

HENRY VI. 69
of the parlement holden that tyme at Westmynstre, he was arestid A.D. i^^^.
and put in to the tour.
This duke of Suffolk hadde axed befor this tyrae of on that was
an astronomer, what sholde falle of him, and how he sholde ende his
Iif ; and whanne the said astronomer hadde labourid therfore in his
said craft, he ansuerde to the duke and said that he sholde die a Folio. 189 b.
shameful deth, and counselid him alwey to be war of the tour ;
wherfor be instaunce of lordis that were his frendis, he was sone
delyuerid out of the said tour of Londoun.
Thanne the kyng seyng that alle this lond hatid the said duke
dedly, and that he rayst not bere ne abide the malice of the peple, [March 17,]
and exilid him for terme of v. yeer. And the Friday the iij. day of
May,* he took his shippe at Episwich and sailed forth in to the high
see, where anothir shippe caUid the Nicholas of the Tour lay in waite
for him, and took him. And thay that were wythynne grauntid
him space of a day and a nyghte to shryne him, and make him redy
to God. And thanne a knaue of Yrlond smot of his hed, vpon the
side of the boot of the said Nicholas of the Tour, notwithstondyng
his saaf conduct ; and the body with the hed was cast to the lond at
Douor. And this yeer, on Newyeris day, began the yeer of grace at Saint
James. And this same yeer f saint Georges '^^J ^'l^ ^^ Estirday, and [Anno xxix".]
Corpus Christi day fille on Midsomer day, that is to say, the viij.
kalendes of Juylle.
The xxx. yeere of kyng Harry, aboute Shroftyde, the duke of [Anno xxx.]
Yorke, the erle of Deuenshire, and the lord Cobham, gadered a grete ' '
peple in destruccioun of theire enemyes that were aboute the kyng ; [February,]
and sente by an herowde to London, prayng that they myghte
* He was to leave the kingdom before the 1st of May (Rot. Pari. v. 183.)
f The 29th Henry VI. must be here intended, although Easter day in that year was
April 25, and the fixed feast mentioned in the text (St. George's) was April 23. But the
second calculation is accurate, for Corpus Christi day, 1451, fell on the 24th of June.

7o;

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1452.
Polio 190,

Anno xxxj,
A.D. 1453,
[July.]

Anno xxxij".
A.D, 1453-4.

Folio 190 b.

A.D, 1454,

Anno xxxiij,
A,D. 1454-6.

passe wyth theyre peple thorough the cyte, but they cowde gete no
graunte therof for asmoche as the kyng had coraraaunded the con
trary. Wherfore thay passed ouer the Temes by Kyngstone brige,
and wente forthe to the toune of Derteforde in Kent ; and there,
besyde the toune, ordeyned and pyghte theyre felde. And thenne
the kyng with many lordes wyth the nombre of xv. M'. men, came
towarde the seyde duke of Yorke, for to dystresse hym and his
peple. And when the duke sawe that the peple of Kent and of other
places came nat to hym as they had promysed, and that they were
nat stronge ynoughe for the kyngys parte, by entrete of diuerse
bysshops they yelde theym vnto the kynges grace, and so retorned
to London. And there the matier was put in a rewle betwene the
kyng and the seyde duke, as for that tyme.
The xxxj, yere of kyng Harry, in the moneth of May, the erle of
Shrouesbury was slayne besyde Burdeux ; and sir Edward HuUe,
knyghte, and the lorde Lyle sone of the sayde erle, and the lorde
Molyns take prysoner, and after delyuered for a grete raunsom.
The xxxij. yere of kyng Harry, and the yere of oure Lorde
M'.iiijc.luij.* on the Saturday the xiiij. day of Octobre, in the feste
of seynt Edwarde the Confessoure, was bore at Westmynstre Edward
the furst sone of kyng Harry ; whoos godfadres were master Johan
Kempe, archebysshoppe of Caunterbury and bysshoppe cardinal
of Rome, and Edmunde duke of Somerset, his godmother was the
duchesse of Buckynghame: and master William Wayneflete,
bysshop of Wynchestre, hym baptized.
And this same yeer, deyed the sarae mastre Johan Kempe arche-
bysshop of Caunterbury on the Friday the xxij. day of Marche.
After whora succeded in to the seyde archebysshopryche mastre
Thomas Bouchier bisshoppe of Ely, and into the office of the chaun-
celer, ser Richard Nevyle erle of Salysbury.
The xxxiij. yere of kyng Harry, the erle Douglas of Scotlonde
* Prince Edward was born Saturday 13th October, feast of translation of Edw, Conf.
1453.

HENRY VI. 71
fled oute of Scotlande and came into Engelond, because that the AD. 1464.
kyng of Scottis hadde vnmanly and traytourly slayne the sayde erle
hys brother vnder sauf conduct. And he became kyng Harryes
Uege man, and was swore to him and dede to him homage, and had
a place assigned to him in the parlement.
This same yere, in the moneth of Juyne [May*], the kyng wolde ^^'}^^^'
haue ryde to Leycestre for to haue holde a counseylle there; and
rode by the toune of Watforde, abiding there alle nyghte, and came
on the morow to Saynt Albonys aboute ix. of the clocke.
Thenne was there a mortalle debate and a variaunce bitwene
Richard duke of Yorke, Richard erle of Salesbury, Richard erle of
Warrewyke, and Edmund duke of Somerset, be whom at that tyme
the kyng was principally gided and gouerned, as he had be beforne
by the duk of Suthfolk. And this saide duke Edmond euer kept ^
hym nygh the kyng, and durste nat departe fer from his presence. Folio 191.
dreding alwey the power of the seyde duk of York and of the for-
seyde erles, and euer excited and stored the kyng ageyns thaym ;
notwithstandyng that the comones of this lande hated this duk
Edmond and loued the duk of York, because he loued the communes
and preserued the commune profyte of the londe.
The seyde duke Richard and the erle abouesayde, seyng that
they myghte nat preuayle ne withstond the malice of the forseyde
duk Edmond ; the whiche dayly entended and prouoked the kyng to ^ '"' ^tAiif '^ +
theyre fynal destruccioun; and gadered priuyly a power of peple [May 22nd.]
and kept thaym couertly in villages aboute the toune of Seynt
Albons; and whan the kyng was there, they beseged the toune
aboute, and sente to the kyng besechyng hym that he wolde sende
oute vnto theym theyre raortal enemy, Edmond duke of Somerset,
and enemy to alle the reame ; yef he wolde nat so, they wolde haue
hym by streynghte and violence. The kyng by advyse of his
counseylle answered and seyde he wolde nat delyuer hira.
* Correction in the text by the hand of Stowe.
f By the hand of Stowe,
k4 *

Folio 191 b.

72 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1455, Whanne the duk of York and the erles herde this aunswere,
thoughe the toune were strongly barred and arrayed for defence,
they and theyr peple brake doune vyolently bowses and pales on
the este syde of the toune, and entred in to seynt Petres strete slejmg
alle tho that wythestoode theym. Thanne came the kyng oute of
the abbey wyth his baner dysplayed in to the same strete, and duke
Edmond wythe hym, and the duk of Bokjntigham, the erle of
Northumbrelonde, and the lorde Clyfforde, and the lorde Sudeley
beryng the kynges baner; and there was a sore fyghte, as for the
tyme, and there at laste was slayne the seyde duke Edmond, the
erle of Northumbrelpnd, and the lorde Clyfforde; the kyng that
stoode vndre his baner was hurte in the necke wythe an arowe.
And when the seyde duke Edmonde and the lordes were slayne,
the batayle was ceased. And thus was done the Thurseday the
xxij. day of May.
Thys sayde Edraond duke of Somerset had herde a fantastyk
prophecy that he shuld dy vndre a castelle ; wherefore in as meche
as in hitn was, he lete the kyng that he sholde nat come in the
castelle of Wyndsore, dredyng the seyde prophecy; but at Seynt
Albonys ther was an hostry hauyng the sygne of a castelle, and
before that hostry he was slayne.
When this was done, the forseyde duke of York and the erles re
torned to Londoun, and had the kyng with theym.
And at this bataylle were slayne Ix. persones of gentUmen and of
other.
[Anno xxxiv.] And this same yeer, in the moneth of Juyne was seen stella comata,
betwene the northe and the est, extendyng her hemes towardes the
sowthe. The whiche sterre was seyenne also in the court of Rome,
as they reported that carae fro thens.
Anno xxxv. The XXXV. yere of kyng Harry, and the yere of oure lorde
M'. cccc. 1 VIJ.* a pylgryme that alle his dayes had be a shipmanne,
* Michaelmas, 1457, was in the 36th Heni^ VI. Holinshed places the seeond prodigy
here mentioned under November 1456.

A.D, 1456-7.

HENRY VI. 73
came fro seynt James in Spayne into Englond aboute Mighelmas a,d. 1456.
and was loged in the toune of Weyraouthe, in Dorsetshyre, with a
brewer, a Duchemanne, the whiche had be with hym in his seyde
pylgremage. And as the sayde pylgryme laye in his bedde waking, he
sawe one come in to the chambre clothed alle in whyte hauing a whyte
heede, and sate doune on a fourme nat fer fro hys bed ; and alle the Folio 192.
chambre was as lyghte of hym as it had be clere day. The pylgryme
was agaste and durst not speke, and anone the seyde spirite vanysshed
awey. The secund nyghte the sarae spyryte came ayene in lykewyse,
and wythonte eny tareyng vanysshed awey. In the morow the pyl ¦
gryra tolde alle this to his oste, and seyde he was sore afeerde, and
wolde no raore lye in that chambre, Hys oste counseled hym to telle
this to the parysshe preeste, and shryue hym of all his synnes, demyng
that he hadde be acorabred with some grete dedely synne. The pyl-
grym sayde, " I was late shryue at seynt Jaraes, and rescued there
my Lord God, and sethe that tyrae, as fer as I canne remerabre, I
haue nat offended ray conscience." Natheles he was shryuenne, and
tolde aUe this to the preest ; and the preest seyde, " Sen thow
knowest thy selfe clere in conscience, haue a goode herte and be
nat agast, and yef the sayde spirite corae ayene, coniure hym in the
name of the Fader, and of the Sone, and of the Holy Goste, to telle
the what he ys." The iij'^® nyghte the spyryte came ayene in to
the chambre as he had do before, wyth a grete lyghte; and the
pylgrym, as the preest had counseled him, coniured the spyryte,
and bade hyra telle what he was. The spyryte answered and seyde,
" I ara thyne eme, thy faderes brother." The pylgrym seyde,
" How longe ys it ago sen thow deyde ?" The spiryte seyde, " ix.
yere." " Where ys my fader ?" seyde the pylgrime, " At home
in his owne hous," seyde the spiryte, " and hath another wyfe."
" And where ys ray moder ?" " In heuene'" seyde the spiryte,
Thenne seyde the spiryte to the pylgryme, " Thou haste be at seynt
James ; trowest thou that thow hast welle done thy pylgremage ?" Folio 192 b,
''Sol hoope," saide the pylgryme. Thanne sayde the spiryte,
CAMD. SOC. L *

74

A CHRONICLE,

A. D, 1456. "Thow hast do to be sayde there iij. raasses, one for thy fader,
another for thy moder, and the iijde for thy selue ; and yef thou
haddest lete say a masse for me, I had be delieured of the peyne
that I suffre. But thow most go ayene to seynt Jaraes, and do say
a raasse for rae, and yeue iij*. to iij. pore men." " O," sayde the
pylgrime, " howe shulde I go ayene to seynt James ? I haue no
money for myne expenses, for I was robbed in the shyppe of v.
nobles." " I know welle thys," sayde the spirite, " for thow shalt
fynde thy puree hanging at the ende of the shyp and a stoone
' therynne ; but thow most go ageyne to seynt James, and begge, and
lyue of almesse." And when the spyryte had thus seyde, the pyl
gryme saw a deuelle drawe the same spyryte by the sleue, for to
haue hym thennys. Thenne saide the spyryte to the pylgryme, "I
haue folewed the this ix. yere, and myghte neuer speke with the
vnto now; but blessed be the hous where a spyryte may speke,
and farewell, for I may no lenger abyde with the, and therfore I am
sory :" and so he vanysshed awey. The pylgryme went into
Portyngale, and so forthe to seynt Jaraes, as the spyryte had hym
commaunded ; wherefore I counseylle euery man to worship seynt
James. Also this yere, in the moneth of Novembre, in the yle of Portlond,
nat fer from the forseyde toune of Weyraouthe was sey a cocke
commyng oute of the see, hauyng a greete creeste vppon his hede
and a greete rede beerde and legges of half a yerde long, and stood
in the water and crew iij. tymes ; and euery tyme that he crew he
Polio 193. turned hyra rounde aboute, and bek ened wyth his hede towarde
the north, the southe, and the weste, and he was of the coloure of
a fesaunt; and when he had crowe iij. tymes he vanysshed awey.
fAu'ust^28th ^^^ *^^^ same yere, the xxviij. day of August, on the Sunday in
the morow, the Frensshemen robbed and spoyled the toune of
Sandewyche in Kent, abydyng thereynne an hoole day, and at the
laste a kynghte of the contre called ser Thomas Kyryel drofe theym
to the see, and kylde many of theym.

HENRY VI. 75
The xxxvj, yere of kyng Harry, in the raoneth of January, dyed a.d, 1457-8.
the erle of Deuynshire in the abbey of Abyndoun poysened, as men t're^"^;^^ tj^e
sayde, and beyng there at that tyme with quene Margarete. record.*
And this same yere, and the yere of oure Lorde M'.iiijc.lvij. The 4 of
master Reynold Pocock bysshop of Chichestre a seculer doctour of ®°^™ ^^'
dyuynyte, that had labored raeny yeres for to translate Holy Scrip
ture into Englysshe ; passing the bondes of diuinite and of Crysten
beleue, was accused of certayne articles of heresy, of the whyche he
was conuyct before the archebysshoppe of Caunterbury and other
bysshopys and clerkys ; and vtterly abiured, reuoked, and re
nounced the sayde articles opynly at Powles Crosse in his moder
tunge as folowethe hereafter. " In the name of the Holy Trynyte, The abiuracoun
Fader, Sone, and Holy Gost, I Reynold Pocok bysshop of Chichestre r "^ofd^'pocok,
vnworthy, of myne owne power and wylle withoute eny maner bysshoppe of
cohercioun or drede, confesse and knowlege that I herebefore this
tyrae presurayng of rayne natural wytte, and preferryng my iuge
ment and naturaUe resoun before the Newe and the Olde Testament, Folio 193 b.
and the auctoryte and deterrainacoun of oure moder hooly churche,
haue holde, wrytenne and taughte otherwys thanne the hooly
Romane and uniuersalle churche techythe, prechethe, or obseruethe ;
and ouer thys, ayenst the trew catholyc and aposteles feythe, I haue
made, wryten, taughte and publysshed meny and diuerse perylous doc-
trynes, bookes, werkes and wrytyng, conteynyng heresyes and errours
contrary to the feythe catholyk and deterrainacoun of holy churche ;
and specially these heresyes and errours folowyng, that ys to say :
" In primis, quod non est de necessitate fidei credere quod Dominus
noster Ihesus Christus post mortem descendit ad inferos.
" Item, quod non est de necessitate salutis, credere in sanctorum
comraunione. * Stowe,
f By the hand of Stowe. Pecock's final examination upon the charge of heresy before
the Archbishop and bishops had been on November 28th, when he made his private
recantation (Wood, Hist, et Antiq. Univ. Oxon. bk. i. p. 222.)

76 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1467. " Item, quod ecclesia vniuersahs potest errare in hiis que sunt
fidei. " Item, quod non est de necessitate salutis credere et tenere illud
quod consiliura generale et vniuersalis ecclesia statuit, approbat, seu
deterrainat in fauorera fidei et ad salutem animarura, est ab vniuersis
Christi fidelibus approbandum, credendum et tenendum.
" Wherefore I, myserable synner, whiche here before long tyme
haue walked in derkenesse, and now by the mercy and infynyte
goodnes of God reduced in to the ryghte wey and lyghte of trouthe,
and consideryng myself greuously haue synned and wyckedly haue
enformed and enfect the peple of God, retorne and come ayene to
the vnyte of our moder holy churche ; and alle heresyes and errours
wryten and conteyned in my seyde bookes, workes and wrytyng,
here soleraply and openly reuoke and renounce, whiche heresyes
and errours, and alle other spices of heresyes, I haue before thys
Folio 194. tyme before the moste reuerend fader in God and my good lord of
Caunterbury, in dyuers and lawfuUe forme iudicially abiured ; suh-
myttyng myself, beyng thanne and also nowe at this tyme verrey
contryte and penytent synner, to the correccioun of the churche and
of ray sayde lorde of Caunterbury,
" And ouer thys, exhortyng and requiring in the name and vertew
of Alrayghtye God, in the saluacioun of youre soules and of myne,
that no man hereafter yeue feythe and credence to my seyde perny-
cyous doctrynes, heresyes and errours, ney ther ray sayde bookes
kepe, holde or rede in any wyse ; but that they alle suche bokes,
workes and wrytyng, suspect of heresyes, delyuer in alle goodly
haste vnto my saide lorde of Caunterbury or to his commyssioners
and deputees, in eschewyng of raeny inconuenientys and grete peryles
of soules, the whiche elles myghte be cause of the contrary. And
ouer this declaracoun of ray conuersion and repentaunce I here
openly assent, that my seyde bookes, werkes and wrytyng, for
declaracioun and cause aboue rehersed be deput vn to the fyre, and
openly brende in ensample and terrour of alle other," &c.

HENRY VL 77
"Wythe wondretlie that reson nat telle can, A.D. 1457,
llowe a mayde ys a moder, and God ys manne,
Fie reasoune, and folow the woundre.
For beleue hathe the maystry and reasone ys vnder."
Thys made the sayde Pocock, as it was seyde.
And after thys he was pryued of his bysshopryche, hauyng a
certeyne pensione assigned vn to hym for to lyue on in an abbey,
and sone after he dyed, [A.d. 1460.;'']
Afterwarde this same yere, was holde a counseyUe at West- a.d. H58.
mynstre aboute Shroftyde, to the whiche carae the yong lordes [February.]
whoos fadres were sleyne at Seynt Albonys ; that ys to sey, the Polio 194 b.
duke of Somerset, the erle of Northuraberlond, and his brother lord
Egreraount, and the lorde Clyfforde, with a grete power, and were
loged withoute the walles of Londoun aboute Templebarre and
Westraynstre. The cyte wolde nat receyue theyra, because they
came ageyns the pease. The duk of York and the erle of Sales
bury came but onely with theyre householde men in pesyble
manner, thynkyng none harme, and were loged wythynne the cytee;
for they abouesayde carae forto dystroy vtterly the sayde duk of
York and the erle of Salesbury, and of Warrewyk ; and the cyte
was euery day armed forto withstonde the raalice of tho yong lordes
yef nede had be. And sone after came the erle of Warrewyk fro
Caleys, wherof he was capteyne, and lay wythynne the cyte,
Thanne the byshoppys and other lordes tretyd betwyxt theym of
the pease and accorde, and after long trete bothe partyes submytted
theym to the laude and arbytreraent of the kyng and his counselle.
The whiche after good deliberacione and avysement yaf this awarde
and arbitreraent ; that xlv. li. of yerely rente shulde be araorteysed
and founded in for euermore by the sayde duk of York and the
erles, in the abbey of Seynt Albons, where the forseyde lordes so
slayne were buryed, for to pray for theyre soules and for the soules
of alle tho that were slayne there. And ouer this the sayde duk of
York and the erles shulde pay to the duke of Somerset and to hys

78 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1468. raoder, to the erle of Northurabrelond, to the lorde Egremont and to
the lorde Clyfford, a notable surame of raoney, for recompens of
theyre fadres dethe, and for wronges done vnto theym.
Folio 1 95. Where uppon was raade wrytyng and suerte ; and so was the
trowble ceased, and pease and accorde raade betwene theym; hut
hit endured nat long.
One of the causes of this trouble betwene the duk of York and
the duk of Somerset was thys — Duryng the kyqges sykenesse the
[April 3,1454.] duk of York was made protector of Englond, whereof the duk of
Somerset had grete indignacioun and alwey raalygned ayenst hym
and stored the kyng ageyne hyra ; natheles meny of the lordes of
the counceyl fauored more the duk of York thanne hym. Where
fore for certeyne causes and articles that were leyde ayenst the
[Nov. 1453.] seyde duk of Soraerset, he was commytted by the kynges counselle
to the toure of London : but be instaunce and mediacione of his
frendes he was sone delyuered, vnder this condicione, that he shulde
neuer after entremete, ne have a do with the gouernaunce of the
reame, and that he sholde nat come nyghe the kyng by xx. myle.
And for to ohserue and kepe these condicions he was swore vppon
a book.
[Feb. 7, 1455.] Whenne he was delyuered oute of the toure, he took more vppon
hym thenne he dyd before, stiryng the kyng dayly and mahciously
ageyns the forseyde duke of York and erles, coniectyng and yma-
ginyng howe he myghte dystroy theyme ; but at seynt Albonys he
fylle in to the same snare that he had ordeyned for theyme.
[Anno]xxxvij.* The xxxvij. yere, the kyng and the quene beyng at Westmynstre,
¦ ¦ ¦ the ix. day of Nouerabre fylle a grete debate betwene Richard erle
of Warrewyk and theyra of the kynges hous, in so raoche that they
wolde haue sleyne the erle ; and vnnethe he escaped to his barge.
Folio 196 b, ^nd went anone after to Caleys for a lytel before he was made
capteyne therof by auctoryte of the parlement.
[Annoxxxviij.] Souc afterwarde the yonge duke of Somerset by steryng of theyme
* By the hand of Stowe.

HENRY VL 79
that hated the erle of Warrewyk was made capteyn of Caleys, and roctoter gth.]
a pryue scale directe to the erle for to dyscharge hym of the
capteynshyppe ; but the erle forasmeche as he was made be aucto
ryte of the parlement, he wolde nat obey the pryue seale, but con
tinued forthe in the sayde offyce meny yeres after.
The xxxviij. yere of kyng Harry, in a lytylle toune in Bedford- f 'V5°i'?^q^'iA
shyre, there fylle a blody rayne, whereof the rede dropys appered
in shetes, the whiche a woraan had honged out for to drye.
In this same tyrae, the reame of Englonde was oute of alle good
gouernaunce, as it had be raeny dayes before, for the kyng was
siraple and lad by couetous counseylle, and owed more then he was
worthe. His dettes encreased dayly, but payment was there none ;
alle the possessyons and lordeshyppes that perteyned to the croune the
kyng had yeue awey, some to lordes and some to other simple per
sones, so that he had almoste noughte to lefe onne. And suche
yraposiciones as were put to the peple, as taxes, taUages, and
quynsyraes, alle that came from theym was spended on vayne, for
he helde no householde ne meyntened no warres. For these rays-
gouernaunces, and for many other, the hertes of the peple were
turned away from thajrme that had the londe in gouernance, and
theyre blyssyng was turnyd in to cursyng.
The quene with such as were of her affynyte rewled the reame as
her lyked, gaderyng ryches innumerable. The offices [sic] of the
reme, and specially the erle of Wylshyre tresorere of Engelond for Folio 196.
to enryche hymself, peled the pore peple, and disheryted ryghtefuUe
eyres, and dede meny wronges. The quene was defamed and
desclaundered, that he that was called Prince, was nat hir sone,
but a bastard goten in avoutry; wherefore she dreding that he
shulde nat succede hys fadre in the crowne of Englond, allyed vn
to her alle the knyghtes and squyers of Chestreshyre for to haue
theyre benyuolence, and helde open householde among theym;
and made her sone called the Prince yeue a lyuery of Swannys to
alle the gentUmenne of the contre, and to raany other thorought the

80 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1459. lande ; trustyng thorough thayre streynghte to raake her sone kyng ;
raakyng pryue menys to sorae of the lordes of Englond for to styre
the kyng that he shulde resygne the croune to byre sone : but she
coude nat bryng her purpos aboute.
The xxxviij. yere of kyng Harry, in the moneth of Septembre,
[Sept. 23rd.] the yere of our Lord, M^cccc.lix. on the Sonday in the feste of
Seynt Mathew, Richard erle of Salesbury, hauyng with hym vij.M*.
of wele arayed men, dredyng the raalyces of his enerayes and spe
cially of the quene and hyre company the whiche hated hym dedly
and the duk of York and the erle of Warrewyk also, tooke hys wey
towarde Ludlow where the sayde duk of York lay at that tyme, to
thentent that they bothe togedre wolde haue ryde to the kyng to
Colshylle in Staffordshyre, for to haue excused theym of certeyne
articles and fals accusaciones touchyng thaire ligeaunce layde agayns
Polio 196 b. theyme maliciously by their enemyes.
Biorehethe. Whenne the kyng herde of thayre comrayng, they that were
aboute hym counseyled hym to gadre a power for to wythestand
theym, and enformed hym that they came forto dystroy hymme.
Thenne lay the quene at Eglishale, and anone by hire stiryng the
kyng assembled a grete' power whereof the lorde Audeley was chyef
and had the ledyng of thaym, and wente forthe in to the felde called
Biorehethe ; by the whyche the sayde duk of York and the erl most
nedes passe. And there bothe hostes mette and countred to gedre,
and faust mortally. And there was the lorde Audeley sleyne, and
meny of the notable knyghtes and squyers of Chesshyre that had
resceued the lyuery of the swannes ; and there were take prysoners,
the erlles ij. sones of Sahsbury, Thomas and Johan, and ser Thomas
Haryngtone, and enprysoned in the castelle of Chestre; but sone
after they were delyuered.
After this discomfiture, the erlle past forthe to duke Richard to
Ludlow, and thyder came to theyme fro Caleys the erle of War
rewyk, and they iij. wrote a letter vn to kyng Harry, whereof the
tenoure ys thus : —

HENRY VI.

" Most Crystyne kyng, ryghte hyghe and myghtye Prince, and A.D. 1459.
oure most drad souuerayne lorde, after as humble recommendacione
to youre hyghe excellence as we suffice. Oure trewe entent to the
prosperyte and augmentacione of youre hyghe estate, and to the
comraone wele of this reaurae, hath be showd vn to youre hyghenesse
in suche wrytyng as we made thereof. And ouer that, an endenture
sygned by oure handes in the churche Cathedralle of Worcestre
comprehendyng the preef of the trouthe and dewte that, God
knowethe, we bere to youre seyde estate and to the preemynence
and prerogatif therof, we sent vn to youre good grace by the prior
of the saide churche and diuerse other doctours, and among other. Folio 197.
by master William Lynwode, doctour of diuinite, whyche mynistred
vnto us seuerally the blessed Body of God our Lorde Jhesu ; sacred
whereoponne, we and euery of vs deposyd for oure sayde trouthe
and dewtee accordyng to the tenure of the seyde endenture. And
syth that tyme, we haue certyfyed at large in wrytyng and by mouthe
by Garter kyng of Armes, nat only to youre sayde hyghenesse, but
also to the good and worthy lordes beyng aboute youre moste noble
presence, the largenesse of oure sayde trouthe and dewte, and oure
entent and oure disposicione to seche alle the mocions that myghte
serue conuenyently to thaffirmacione therof, and to oure parfyte
suertees frora suche inconuenient and unreuerent geopardyes, as we
haue ben put ynne diuerse tymes herebefore. Wherof we haue
cause to make, and owe to make, suche exclamacione and compleynt,
nat withoute reasone, as ys nat unknowen to alle the sayd worthy
lordes and to alle his lande, and woUe offre vs to youre hyghe pre
sence to the same entent, yef we myghte so do wythe oure sayde
sewrte, whiche onely causethe vs to kepe aboute vs suche felyshyp
as we do in oure leeffuUe. And hereto we haue forborne and avoyded
alle thynges that myghte serue to the effusione of Crysten blood,
of the drede that we haue of God and of youre royalle mageste ;
and haue also eschewed to approche your seyde moste noble pre
sence, of the humble obeysaunce and reuerence whereon we haue
CAMD. SOC. M

82 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1459. . and duryng oure lyfe woUe haue the same. And yet neuertheles,
we here that we be proclamed and defamed in oure name vnryghte-
fuUy, vnlawfully, and sauyng youre hyghe reuerence, vntrewly, and
Folio 197 b. otherwyse, that God knowethe, then we haue yeue cause; knowyng
certaynly that the blessed and noble entent of youre sayde goode
grace and the ryghtwysnesse thereof ys, to take, repute, and accepte
youre trew and lowly sugettys, and that it accordethe neyther with
youre sayde entent, ne wythe youre wylle or pleasure, that we shuld
be otherwyse take or reputed. And ouer that, oure lordshyppes
and tenauntes bene of hyghe vyolence robbed and spoyled, ayenst
youre peese and lawes and alle ryghtewysnesse. We therefore, as
we suffice, beseche youre sayde good grace, to take, repute, and re
ceyue thervnto oure sayde trouthe and entent, whiche to God ys
know, as we shewe it by the seyde tenure of the sayde endenture,
and nat apply youre sayde blessednesse ne the grete ryghtewysnesse
and equite whereinne God hathe euer endowed youre hyghe nobeley,
to thymportune irapacience and violence of suche persones as entende
of extrerae malyce to precede vnder the shadow of youre hyghe
myghte and presence to oure destruccione, for suche inordinate
couetyse, whereof God ys nat pleased, as they haue to oure landes,
offices, and goodes, not lettyng or sparyng therefore to put suche
thyngysin alle lamentable and tosorowfuUe geopardy, as moot in aUe
wyse take effect by the mystery .of Goddys wille and power, nor nat
hauyng regarde to theffusione of Crystyne blood, ne any tendre-
nesse to the noble blood of thys lond suche as serue to the tuicione
and defens therof, ne nat weyng the losse of youre trew liegemenne
of youre sayde reame, that God defende whiche knowethe oure
entent, and that we haue avoyded therfro, as fer as we raay with
oure sewertees, nat of any drede that we haue of the sayde per
sones, but onely of the drede of God and of youre sayde hyghe
nesse, and nat wylle vse oure sayde defence vnto the tyme that we
Folio 198. be provoked of necessyte, whereof we calle heuene and erthe in to
wyttenesse and recorde; and therynne beseche God to be oure Juge,

HENRY VI. 8,3
and to delyuer vs accordyng to oure sayde entent, and oure sayde a.d. 1459,
trouthe and dutie to youre seyde hyghenesse, and to the sayde com
raone wele. Most Crysten Kyng, ryghte hyghe and myghtye Prince,
and moste drad souerayne lorde, we beseche oure blessed Lord to
preserue youre honoure and estate in ioye and felycite.
" Wretynne at Ludlow, the x. day of Octobre.
" R. York, R. Warrewyk, R. Salesbury."
After theyre excusacionne conteyned in thys letter sent to the
kyng, thay withdrowe thayrae, and went in to dyuers parties of be
yonde the see, for the raore sewrte of theyre personnes : the duke of
York wente into Yrelond, where he was worshypfuUy resceued.
The erles of March, of Salesbury, and Warrewyk, nat wythonte
grete geopardy and perylle, as welle in the londe as in the see,
wente vnto Caleys and abood there.
Thanne was a parleraent holden at Couentre, and they that were [Novemb. 20th
chosenne knyghtes of the shyres, and other that had interesse in the
parlement, were nat dyfferent but chosen a denominacione of thaym
that were enemyes to the forseyde lordes so beyng oute of the rearae.
In the whiche parlement, the sayde duk of York and the iij. erles
and other, whos naraes shalle be rehersed afterward, withoute any
answere, as traytours and rebelles to the kyng were atteynt of treson,
and theyre goodes, lordshyppys and possessyons escheted in to the
kynges hande, and they and theyre heyres dysheryted vn to the
ixthe degre. And by the kynges commissione in euery cyte, burghe,
and toune cryed opynly and proclaraed as for rebelles and traytoures ;
and theyre tenauntes and there men spoyled of theyre goodes,
maymed, bete, and slayne withoute eny pyte ; the toune of Ludlow, Polio 198 b,
longyng thanne to the duk of York, was robbed to the bare walles,
and the noble duches of York vnmanly and cruelly was entreted
and spoyled.
In the mene tyrae the erle of Warrewyk, hauyng a strong and a
myghte naueye kept the stray te see, and faust with the Spaynardys

84 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1459. and kylde many of thaym, and tooke theyre grete vesselles and a
carake of Jene, and gate in theyra grete rychesse.
The naraes of the lordes and other that were atteynt in the for
seyde parlement bythe these. Richard duk of York, Edward erle of
Marche his sone and heyre, Richard erle of Warwyk, Edmund erle
of Rutlond, Richard erle of Salesbury, Johan lorde Clyfford, lord
Clyntone, ser Thomas Llaryngtone, ser Johan Wenlock, Thomas
Nevyle, Johan Nevyle, sones of the erle of Salesbury, James Pyk-
ryng, Johan Conyers, Thoraas Par, Wyllyara Oldhalle, and Harry
Ratford, knyghtes: Johan Bowser, Thomas Cook, Johan Clay,
Richard Gytone, Robert Browe, Edward Bowser, Thomas Vaughan,
Johan Roger, Richard Gray, Watier Deuoros, Watier Hopton,
Roger Kynderton, Wyllyam Bowes, Fook Stafford, the lorde Powys,
and Alys countesse of Salesbury,
October, 1469.* In the monethe of Octobre next folowyng, the yonge duke of
Somerset, Harry lord Roos, and lorde Audeley, with a certeyne
nombre of men of armes, hauyng with theym the kynges letters,
wente to Caleys to thentent that the seyde duk shulde haue be cap
teyne of Caleys, the whyche office the kyng had yeue hym,f wenyng
that the Erie of Warrewyk wolde lyghtely haue yolde vp the sayde
off_yce to him as he was commaunded by the kynges lettres; but
Folio 199. when he came to the londe, they of Caleys wolde haue take hym,
and with muche payne he escaped and fied in to the castelle of
Guynes, and there helde hym meny dayes after ; the sovdyers that
came with hyra were stryppyd oute of theyre barneys by thayme of
Caleys, and let go. The lorde Audeley was take into Caleys, and
the lord Roos fledde in to Flaunders, and afterward carae priuely
agayne in to Engelond.
Not long afterward the lord Ryuers was sent to Sandewyche for
to kepe the toun, that the erle of Warrewyk and the other lordes
shulde nat londe there, for it was seyde that alle Kent fauored and
supported thaym; and sothe it was: and also that the seyde lord
* By the hand of Stowe. f By letters dated Oct. 9th, Rymer, xi. 436.

HENRY VI. 85
Ryuers shulde kepe certeyne grete forstage shyppys, that were the A.D, 1459.
erles of Warrewyk, the whiche lay at ankere there in the hauene.
And whanne the seyde erle of Warrewyk sawe a conuenient tyme, A.D. 1460.
he sent some of his men to Sandwhyche by nyghte, the whyche took [January.]
the sayde lorde Ryuers and Antony [WoodvUl *] his sone, in theyre
beddes, and lad theyra ouer to Caleys, and took with theym alle the
grete shyppes, saue on called " Grace Dieu," the whyche myghte
nat be had awey because she was broke in the botome.
Thanne aroos a knyght of Deuenshyre, called syr Bawdewyn [April.f]
Fulford, and sayde that on payne of lesyng of his hed he wolde
destroy the erle of Warrewyk and his nauey, yef the kyng wolde
graunte hym his expensis; and he resceued therfore a M^ marc,
and whenne he had consumed and wasted alle that raoney, his vyage
was done and [he] wente horae ayene.
And at laste the duk of Excestre,^ that was Amyralle, was sent
to the see with a grete nauy for to dystresse the seyde erle of
Warrewyk and his nauey, and sayled from Sandwyche to Derte-
mouthe, and therefor lack of vetayle and of money hys soudyers were Folio 199 b.
dysparbeled, and wente awey fro hym. And betwene Sandwyche
and Dertemouth he mette the erle of Warrewyk, commyng oute of
Yrelond, that had be there to speke with the duk of York, and
broughte with hym hys moder that was fled theder for drede, and
lad her to Caleys ; but the duke durst nat sette opponne the erle,
ne the erle wolde nat dystresse hym because he was amyral, and of
the kynges bloode, but late hym passe by.
In the monethe of Juyne, this same yere, were gadered v. hundred June, l46o.f
men for to fette and condue the duk of Somerset from Guynes in
to Englande, abydyng wynde in the poort of Sandwyche, and thyder
* Insertion by the hand of Stowe.
f After 24th ofthe month, see Rymer, xi. 451.
J He was appointed Admiral, March 19th; but he does not seem to have sailed till after
April 26th, see Rymer, ibid.
§ By the hand of Stowe.

86

A CHRONICLE,

and to the
Commones,

A.D. 1460, came sowdyers of the erles of Warrewyk and spoyled theym of
theyre harness and kylde some of theym ; and theyre capteyne was
slayne that was called Mounfort.
Thanne sente the forseyde lordes the articles vnder wryten to the
archebysshop of Caunterbury, and at large to the Communes of
Engelond, of the whych articles thys ys the tenoure : —
Articles sent fro « WorshypfuUe Syres, We, the duk of York, the erles of March,
and the erles, to Warrowyk, and Salesbury sewde and offired to haue come vnto the
the Arche- kyng ouro souerayn lordes most noble presens, to haue declared
Caunterbury there aforc hym, for oure dewte to God and to hys hyghenesse, and
to the prosperyte and welfare of his noble estate, and to the comon
wele of alle his londe, as trew lyegemen, the matiers folowyng, that
ys to say :
For the furst. The grete oppressyone, extorsion, robry, murther,
and other vyolencys doone to Goddys churche, and to his mynystres
therof, ayens Goddys and raannes law.
Item, The pouerte and mysery that to oure grete heuynesse oure
sayde souerayne lorde standeth inne, nat hauyng any lyuelode of
the croune of Englond wherof he may kepe hys honorable housholde,
whyche causethe the spyllyng of his sayde lyegemenne by the takers
of hys seyde howsholde, whyche lyuelode ys in theyre handes that
haue be destroyers of his seyde estate, and of the seyde commone wele.
Item, Howe hys lawes been parcially and vnrightfully guyded,
and that by thayme that sholde moste loue and tendre hys sayde
lawes the sayde oppressyon and extorsyone as (sic) most fauored
ahd supported, and generally, that alle rightwysnesse and justice ys
exyled of the sayde lond, and that no manne dredethe to offende ayenst
tiie sayde lawes.
Item, That it woUe please his sayde good grace to lyve upponne
his owne lyuelode, whereopon hys noble progenitures haue in dayes
heretofore lyued as honorably and as worthily as any Crystyn
prynces ; and nat to suffre the destroyers of the sayde londe and of
his trewe sugettes to lyue theroponne, and therefore to lacke the

Folio 200.

HENRY VI. 87
sustenaunces that sholde be bylongyng to hys sayde estate, and fynde a.d. 1460.
hys sayde householde opponne his pore comraunes withoute pay
ment, whyche nouther accordethe wyth Goddes nor mannes lawe.
Item, Howe ofte the seyde commones haue ben gretely and mer-
ueylously charged with taxes and tallages to theyre grete enporyssh-
yng, whereof lytelle good hathe eyther growe to the kyng or to the
saide londe, and of the moste substaunce therof the kyng hathe lefte to
his part nat half so moche and other lordes and persones, enemyes to
the sayde commune wele, haue to theyre owne vse, suffryng aUe the
olde possessyons that the kyng had in Fraunce and Normandy,
Angew and Meyiie, Gascoyne and Guyene, wonne and goten by his
fadre of moste noble raemory, and othir hys noble progenitors, to be
shamefully loste or solde.
Item, How they cannat cece therewith, but nowe begynne a new Polio 200 b,
charge of imposiccione and tallages vpponne the sayde peple whyche
neuer afore was seen ; that ys to say, euery tounshyp to fynde men
for the kynges garde, takyng ensample therof of oure enemyes and
aduersaryes of Fraunce : whiche iraposicione and tallage yef hit be
continued to theyre heyres and successours, wol be the heuyest
charge and worst ensample that euer grewe in Englond, and the
forseyde sugettes, and the seyde heyres and successours, in suche
bandoin as theyre auncetours were neuer charged with.
Item, Where the kyng hathe now no more lyfelode oute of his
reame of Englond but onely the londe of Irelond and the toune of
Caleys, and that no kyng crystened hathe suche a londe and a toune
withoute hys reaume, dyuers lordes haue caused his hyghenesse to
wryte letters vnder his priuy seale vnto his Yrisshe enemyes, whyche
neuer kyng of Englond dyd heretofore, wherby they may haue com
fort to entre in to the conquest of the sayde londe ; whiche letters
the same Yrysshe enemyes sent vn to me the sayde duke of York,
and merueled gretely that any suche letters shuld be to theym sent,
spekyng therinne gret shame and vylony of the seyde reme.
Item, In like wyse, the kyng by excytacione and laboure of the

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1460. same lordes wrote other letters to his enemyes and aduersaryes in
other landes, that in no wyse thay shold shew eny favoure or good
wylle to the toun of Caleys, whereby they had comfort ynowghe to
precede to the wynnyng therof; considered also, that hit ys ordeyned
by the laboure of the sayde lordes, that nowther vetayle ner other
thyng of refresshyng or defens shulde come oute of Englond to the
Folio 201, socoure or relyef of the sayde toiine, to thentent that they wolde
haue hyt lost, as yt may opynly appere.
Item, It ys demed, and oweth gretely to be douted, that after that,
the same lordes wolde put the same rewle of Englond, yef they
myghte haue theyre purpos and entent, in to the handes and gouern
aunce of the seyde enemyes.
Item, How continuelly, syth the pytyous, shamefulle, and sorow-
fuUe murther to alle Englond, of that noble, worthy, and Crystyn
prince, Hurafrey duk of Gloucestre the kynges trew vncle, at
Bury, hit hathe be labored, studyed, and conspyred, to haue dy-
stroyed and murthryd the seyde duke of York, and the yssew that it
pleased God to sende me of the royalle blode ; and also of vs the
sayde erlys of Warrewyk and Salysbury, for none other cause but
for the trew hert that God knoweth we euer haue borne, and bere,
to the profyte of the kynges estate, to the commone wele of the
same reame, and defens therof.
Item, How the erles of Shrouesbury and Wylshyre, and the lorde
Beaumount, oure mortalle and extreme enemyes, now and of long
tyme past, hauyng the guydyng aboute the raost noble persone of
oure sayde souuerayn lorde, whos hyghenes they haue restrayned
and kept from the liberte and fredom that bylongethe to his seyde
astate, and the supporters and fauorers of alle the premysses, wolde
nat suffre the kynges seyde good grace to resceue and accepte [us]
as he wolde haue done, yet (sic) he rayghte haue had his owne wylle,
in hys sayde presence ; dredyng the charge that wolde haue be layde
vpponne theyra of the raysery, destruccione, and wrechednesse of
the sayde reame, wherof they be causes, and nat the kyng, whiche

HENRY VI. 89
ys hymself a[s] noble, as vertuous, as ryghtewys, and blyssed of dys- a.d, 1460.
posicione, sis any prince erthely. Folio 201 b.
Item, The erles of Wylshyre and Shrouesbury, and the lorde
Beaumount, nat satysfyed nor content with the kynges possessyouns
and hys good, stered and excyted his sayde hyghenesse to holde hys
parlement at Couentre, where an acte ys made by theyre prouoca-
cioun and laboure ayenst vs the sayde duk of York, my sones
Marche and Rutlande, and the erles of Warrewyk and Salysbury,
and the sones of the sayde erle of Salysbury, and meny other
knyghtes and esquyers, of diuerse matiers falsly and vntrewly
ymagened, as they woUe answere afore Almyghty God in the day of
Dome ; the whyche the sayde erles of Shrouesbury and Wylshyre
and the lorde Beaumount prouoked to be maad to thentent of oure
destruccione and of oure yssew, and that thay myghte haue oure
lyfelode and goodes, as they haue openly robbed and dyspoyled aUe
oure places and oure tenementes, and meny other trew rrien ; and
now precede to hangyng and drawyng of men by tyranny, and woUe
therinne shewe the largenesse of theyre vyolence and malyce as
yengeably as they can, yef no remedy be prouyded at the kynges
hyghenesse, whos blessednes ys nother assentyng ne knowyng therof.
We therfore, seyng alle the sayde myscheues, heryng also that
the Frensshe kyng makethe in hys lande grete assemble of hys peple
whyche ys gretely to be drad for many causes, purpose yet ayene
#ith Goddes grace [to] offre us to corae ayene to the sayde presence
of oure skyde souuerayn lOrde, to opene and declare there vn to hym
the myscheues aboue declared, and in the name of the land to sew
in as reuerent and lowly wyse as we can to hys seyde good grace. Folio 202,
and to haue pyte and compassione uppon hys sayde trew sugettys,
and nat to suffre the same myscheues to^ regne upponne theym.
Requirjmg yow on Goddys behalf and prayng yow in oure oune
thereinne to assyste vs, doyng alwey the dewte of ligeaunce in oure
personnes to oure sayde souuerayne lorde, to hys estate, prerogatyf,
and preemynence, and to thasuerte of hys most noble persone, where-
CAMD. SOC. N

90 A CHRONICLE,
A.D. 1460. vnto we haue euer be and wylle be trew as any of his sugettes alyue :
Whereof we call God, our Lady Saynt Mary and alle the Sayntes of
heuene vn to wyttenesse and record."
In the mene tyrae therlle of Wylshyre tresorer of Englond, the
lorde Scales, and the lorde Hungreford, hauyng the kynges com-
myssyoue went to the toune of Newbury, the whyche longed to the
duk of York, and there made inquysycione of alle thayme that in
any wyse had shewed any fauoure or benyuolence or frendshyppe
to the sayde duk, or to any of hys ; whereof some were found gylty
and were drawe hanged and quartered, and alle other inhabitantes
of the forseyde toune were spoyled of alle theyre goodes.
Whanne thys was done the erle of Wylshyre went to Southamp-
toun, and there vnder colore for to take the erle of Warrewyk, but
specyally for to stele priuyly owte of the reame as hit preued after-
wardes, he armed and vytayled v. grete carrakys of Jene that were
at that tyme in the port of the sayde toune, and stuffed theym with
sowdyers of Englysshemen, takyng vytayle of the kynges pryce
without payraent, as he sholde haue raade a vyage for the kyng.
Folio 202 b. and put a grete parte of his tresoure in to the sayde carrakes ! ^^^
sone after he past owte of the port and sayled aboute in the see,
dredyng alwey the commyng of the forseyde erles of Warrewyk
and Salesbury, and atte laste arryued in Ducheland, and sent hys
sowdyers in to Englond ayene,
Thanne were the kynges pryue scales dyrect to alle manner of
bysshops, abbotys, pry ores, and to alle the grete men of the spiri-
tuelte and temporalte, for to leue the kyng money withoute delay
for to wage men to kepe the see costes, that the sayde erles shuld
nat arryue in no syde : and the sayde erle of Wylshyre made promys
to alle suche persones as lent the kyng any money, that they shulde
haue assigneraentes and repayment of the goodes of the forseyde
duk of York and erles, whom they called oponne traytours. And
the seyde erle of Wylshyre taxed the summe what euery man shuld
leue, and so he made leve of many grete summes. And ouer thys,

HENRY VI. yi
proelamacione was made by commaundement of the kyng, that euery A.D. 1460.
cyte, toune, and burghe, and hundredys, shuld fynde certayne
sowdyers of thayre owne coste to kepe the see costys, for drede of
landyng of the seyde erles.
Fertherniore, the coraraones of Kent, dredyng the raalyce and the
tyranny of the forseyde erlle of Wylshyre and of other, lest he wolde
exercyse his vengeaunce vppon thayra, as he had done vppon thaym
at Newbery, and sent priuyly messagers and letters to Caleys to the
forseyde erles, besechyng thayra that they wolde in alle haste possible
corae and socour thayra fro theyre enerayes, prorayttyng that they
wolde assyste theyra with alle thayre power.
The sayde erles wold nat anone yeue credence to theyre wrytyng
and wordes, but send ouer in to Kent the lord Fauconbrege, to Polio 203.
know whether theyre promys and theyre dedes sholde accorde : and
anone the peple of Kent and of other shyres aboute resorted to the
sayde lorde Fauconbrege in grete nombre, abydyng the commyng of
the erles.
Whan the erles knew the trew hertes of the peple, they dysposed
theyme dayly for to com in to thys londe. And nat longe before
theyre coramyng, thys balat that folowethe was sette vppon the
yates of the cyte of Caunterbury.
In- the day of faste and spirituelle afflixione, Balat set
The celestialle influence of bodyes transytory, upponne the
Set asyde alle prophecyes, and alle commixtione ^^^^^ of Caun-
Of iujementys sensualle to ofte in memory,
I reduced to mynde the prophete Isay,
Consideryng Englond to God in greuous offence, with wepyng ye ;
This text I fonde in his story : —
" Omne caput languidum, et omne cor merens ! "
*
Regnum Anglorum regnum Dei est.
As the Aungelle to seynt Edward dede wyttenesse ;
Now regnum Sathane, it semethe, reputat best,
For filii scelerati haue broughte it in dystresse.

92 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1460. This preuethe fals wedlock and periury expresse,
Fals heryres fostred, as knowethe experyence,
Vnryghtewys dysherytyng with false oppresse,
Sio " omne caput languidum, et omne cor merens ! "
A planta pedis, fro the pore tylyer of the lond
Ad vertioem of spiritualle eke temperalle ennoynted crown
Grace ys withdrawe and Goddys mercyfulle hand.
Exalted ys falsehod, trowthe ys layde adoune ;
Euery reame cryethe owte on Engelondes treson.
O falshod with thy colored presence !
Euer shuUe we syng duryng thy season,
" Omne caput languidum, et omne cor merens ! "
" Omne regnum in se divisum," sayethe dyuyne Scrypture,
" Shall be desolate,'' than folewethe translacione
Polio 203 b. jjj,j.Q ^]^g iiandes of theyre enemyes, Jewes arn figure ;
And now ys Englond in lyk reputacione.
In wey to be conquered ; truste it for sewre !
Jhesu, for thy mercy and thy noble reuerens,
Keforme vs to goodnesse and condicione pure.
For, " omne caput languidum, et omne cor merens ! "
Harry cure souerayne and most Crystyne kyng
His trew bloode hathe flemed bothe be swerde and exyle ;
What prynce by thys rewle may haue long enduryng.
That also in moste pouert hath be long whyle ?
Tho bestys that thys wroughte to mydsomer haue but a myle-
But euer mornethe Engelond for ham that be hens
Wythe languysshyng of herte rehersyng my style,
" Omne caput languidum, et omne cor merens ! "
Jonathas ys ded that Dauid shuld restore
To the presence of the kyng, vnyte to make
Murum pro domo Israel, presthode dar no more
Put hymself forthe, his fat benefyce he shuld forsake.
Mercyfulle God I it ys tyme thow for vs awake.
Mercenarius fugit, ne wylle make resistence.
He ferethe the wolf that wolde hys bonys crake,
" Omne caput languidum, et omne cor merens ! "

HENRY VI. 93
Tempus ys come falshede to dystroy, A.D. 1460,
Tempus eradicandi the wedes fro the come,
Tempus cremandi the breres that trees noye,
Tempus evellendi the fals hunter with his home,
Tempus miserendi on por alle to torne,
Tempus ponendi falsnes in perpetuelle absence,
Thoroughe whom we syngyng bothe euyne and morne,
" Omne caput languidum, et omne cor merens ! "

Send hom, most gracious Lord Jhesu most benygne,
Sende hoom thy trew blode vn to his propre veyne,
Richard duk of York, Job thy seruaunt insygne.
Whom Sathan not cesethe to sette at care and dysdeyne, Folio 204.
But by The preserued he may nat be slayne ;
Sette hym ut sedeat in principibus, as he dyd before.
And so to oure newe songe, Lorde, thyn erys inclyne,
Gloria, laus et honor Tibi sit Rex Christe Redemptor !

Edwarde Erie of Marche, whos fame the erthe shalle sprede,
Richard Erie of Salisbury named prudence,
Wythe that noble knyghte and floure of manhode
Richard erle of Warrewyk sheelde of oure defence.
Also lytelle Fauconbrege, a knyghte of grete reuerence ;
Jhesu ham restore to thayre honoure as thay had before,
And euer shalle we syng to thyn Hyghe Excellence,
Gloria, laus et honor Tibi sit Rex Christe Red.emptor !

No prynce, alle thyng consydered, wythe honoure
In alle thyng requysyte to a kynges excellence
Better may lyue, serche any worthy predecessoure ;
Yet hastow souuerayne lord in these lordes absence
Of alle thaym to a kyng ryghte resonable eypens ;
Thay shalle come agayne and rekene for the scoore.
And thow shalt syng wythe vs thys verrey trew sens,
Gloria laus et honor Tibi sit Rex Chriate Redemptor !

94 A CHRONICLE.
A,D. 1460. The deed man gretethe yow welle,
That ys iust trew as Steele,
With verray good entent,
Alle the Reame of Englond
Sone to louse from sorowes bond.
Be ryghte indifferent iugement.
To the ryghte WorshypfuUe Cyte of Caunterbury.
Howe the Erles Thanne the noble erles of Marche, Warrewyk, and Salysbury,
wYc'h^ ''^ ^'^"^' liauyng wynde and weder at thayre plesaunce, arryued graciously
at Sandwyche ; where met wythe thaym master Thomas Bourchier
archebysshop of Caunterbury, and a grete multitude of peple wythe
hym ; and wythe hys crosse before hym, [he] went forthe wythe
the sayde erles and theyre peple toward Londoun, and sente an
herowde to the cyte to knowe howe they were dysposed, and whether
they wolde stand with theyme in thayre iust quarelle, and graunte
Polio 204 b. hem leve for to passe thoroughe the cite. They that were nat frendely
to the erles, counseyled the mayre and the coraynalte for to ley
gunnes at the brege for to kepe thayra owte, and so a lytelle diuision
there was among the citesens, but yt was sone ceased.
Than sent thay of the cyte to the sayde erles xij, WorshypfuUe
and dyscrete alderraen, the whyche, in the name of alle the cyte,
graunted thaym fre entre wythe suche seruyce as they cowde and
myghte do to thayr worshyppe and honoure. Thys done, the alder
men retorned to the cyte, and the sayde herowde ageyne to the
lordes.
2 of July, And the secund day of Juylle thay entred in to Londoun. And
wythe theyra came the popys legat, that nat long before had be in
Englond; the whyche had auctoryte by the popes buUes for to
entrete pease betwene the kyng and the erles, yt (sic) nede were ;
but, how yt wei-e, ; he vsurped and toke oponne hym more power
thanne he had, as it was knowenne afterward.
* By the hand of -Stowe.

1460.*

HENRY VI. 95
Thanne was a conuocacione of the clergy holden at P^ulys in A.D. 1460,
Londoun, and theder came the sayde erles : and the erle of Warre
wyk there purposed, and recyted before alle the conuocacione, and
innumerable peple standyng aboute, the causes of theyre commyng
in to thys lond ; and mysrewle and myscheues therof; and how
with grete vyolence thay had be repeled and put from the kynges
presence, that they myghte nat come to hys hyghenes forto excuse
thayra of suche fals accusaciones as were layde ayens thayra ; and
now were corae ayene, by Goddys raercy, accompanyed with peple
for to corae to hys presens, there to declare and excuse thayre inno
cence, or ellys to dy in the felde ; and there [they] made an open
othe vpponne the cros of Caunterbury that thay had euer bore trew Folio 205.
feythe and lygeaunce to the kynges persone, wyllyng no more hurt
to hym than to thayre owen personnes ; wherof they took God and
hys moder and alle the sayntes of heuene to wyttenesse.
The kyng, that held a counseylle at Couentre, heryng of the
commyng of the erles, went to Northamptone.
The erle of Salesbury be comyn assent of the cite was maad rewler
and gouernour of Londoun, in absence of the forseyde erles. And
the seyde erles of Marche and Warrewyk and other lordes, that ys
to say the lorde Facombrege, lorde Clyntone, lorde Bourser, prioure of
Seynt Johannes, lorde Audeley, lorde Bergevenny, lord Say, lord
Scroope, tharchebysshoppe of Caunterbury, the popes legat, the
bysshoppe of Excetre, the bysshops of Ely, Salesbury, and Rouches
tre, dressed hem forth to the kyng to Northamptone.
The lord Scales and the lorde Hungreford that before the com
myng of the erles were in the cyte of London, wolde haue had the
rewle and gouernaunce therof, but they of the cyte woid nat suffre
thaym, for thay sayde that they were suffisaunt for to rewle the
cyte thaymself; wherof the lordes hauyng indygnacione wente in to
the toure of Londoun, and meny other grete men with theym, whos
naraes bethe here vndre wretynne : — lord Vessy, lord Louelle, lord
Delaware, lord Kendale a Gascoyne, ser Edmond Hampden

96 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1460, knyghte, Thomas Broun tnyghte, shireue of Kent, Johan Bruyn
of Kent, ser Geruays Clyftone knyghte, tresorer of the kynges
hows, ser Thomas Tyrelle knyghte, the duchesse of Exetre, and
many other. And the toure was beseged by lond and by water,-
Folio 205 b. that no vytayl myghte come to thayme that were wythynne.
Whanne the erles and lordes were gone to Northamptone, thay
that were wythynne the toure caste wyld fyre in to the cyte, and
g^hot in smale gonnes^ and brend and hurte raen and wymraen and
chyldren in the stretes. And they of London leyde grete bom-
bardes on the ferther syde of the Thamyse agayns the toure and
erased the waUes therof in diuerse places ; natheles they hoped
dayly forto' haue be rescued, but alle was in veyne.
The kyng at Northamptone lay atte Freres, and had ordeyned
there a strong and a myghty feeld, in the medowys beside the
Nonry, armed and arayed wythe gonnys, hauyng the ryuer at hys
back. The erles with the nombre of Ix, W., as it was sayd, came to
Northamptone, and sent Certayne bysshops to the kyng besechyng
hym that in eschewyng of effusyone of Crysten blood he wolde
adniytte and suffre the erles for to come to his presence to declare
thaym self as thay were. The duk of Bukynghame that stode
besyde the kyng, sayde vn to thaym, ' ' Ye eome nat as bysshbppes
for to trete for pease,- but as raen of arraes;" because they broughte
with thayra a notable corapany of men of arraes. They answered
and sayde, "We come thus for suerte of oure persones, for they
that bethe aboute the kyng bythe nat oure frendes." " ForSothe,"
sayde the duk, " the erle of Warrewyk shalle nat come to the
kynges presence, and yef he corne he shalle dye." The messyngSrS
retorned agayne, and tolde thys to the erles.
Thanne the erle of Warrewyk sent an herowde of arraes to the
kyng, besechyng that he myghte haue ostages of saaf goyng and
Folio 206. coramyng, and he wolde corae naked to his presence, but he myghte
ilat be herde. And- the iij^° tyrae he sente to the kyng and sayde

HENRY VI. 97
that at ij howres after none, he wolde speke with hym, or elles dye A.D. 1460.
in the feeld.
The archebysshoppe of Caunterbury sent a bysshoppe of this
lond to the kyng with an instruccione, the whyche dyd nat hys
message indyfferently, but exerted and coraged the kynges part for
to fyste, as thay sayde that were there. And another tyme he was
sent to the kyng by the commones, and thanne he came nat ayene,
but pryuely departed awey. The bysshop of Herforde, a Whyte
Frere, the kynges confessoure, ded the same: wherfore after the
batayle he was commytted to the castelle of Warrewyk, where he
was long in pryson.
Thanne on the Thurseday the x* day of Juylle, the yere of oure The bataylle of
Lorde M'.CCCC.lx, at ij howres after none, the sayde erles of Marche [/uiy^'othj"
and Warrewyk lete crye thoroughe the felde, that no man shuld laye
hand vpponne the kyng ne on the commune peple, but onely on the
lordes, knyghtes and squyers: thenne the trumpettes blew vp, and
bothe hostes countred and faughte togedre half an oure. The lorde
Gray, that was the kynges vawewarde, brake the feelde and came
to the erles party, whyche caused sauacione of raany a raannys lyfe :
many were slayne, and many were fled, and were drouned in the
ryuer. The duk of Bukynghara, the erle of Shrouesbury, the lorde
Beaumont, the lorde Egreraount were slayne by the Kentysshmen
besyde the kynges tent, and raeny other knyghtes and squyers.
The ordenaunce of the kynges gonnes avayled nat, for that day was
so grete rayne, that the gonnes lay depe in the water, and so were Poiio 206 b.
queynt and myghte nat be shott.
Whanne the feld was do, and the erles thoroughe mercy and helpe
had the vyctory, they came to the kyng in his tent, and sayde in
thys wyse —
" Most Noble Prince, dysplease yow nat, thoughe it haue pleased
God of His Grace to graunt vs the vyctory of oure mortalle
enemyes, the whyche by theyre venymous malyce haue vntrewly
CAMD. SOC. O

98 A CHRONICLE.
'a.d. 1460, stored and raoued youre hyghenesse to exyle vs oute of youre londe,
and wolde vs haue put to fynalle shame and confiisyone. We come
nat to that entent for to inquyete ne greue youre saj'de hyghenesse,
but for to please youre moste noble personne, desiryng most tendrely
the hyghe welfare and prosperyte thereof, and of alle youre reame,
and for to be youre trew lyegemen, whyle oure lyfes shalle
endure." The kyng of theyre wordes was gretely recomforted, and anone
was lad in to Northamptone wythe processyone, where he rested
[July 16th.] hym iij dayes, and thanne came to London, the xvj day ofthe monethe
abouesayde, [and] loged' in the bysshop's paleys. For the whyche
vyctory London yaf to Alrayghtye God grete lawde and thankyng.
Nat longe before this batayle it was proclamed iu Lancastreshyre
and Chesshyre, that yef so were that the kyng had the vyctory of the
erles, that thanne euery man shulde take what he myghte and make
havok in the shyres of Kent, Essexe, Middylsexe, Surreye, Sussexe,
Hamshyre and Wylshyre: bot God wolde nat suffre suche fals
robbery.
[July 19th.] Furtherraore the Saturday the xix day of Juylle, thay that were
in the toure of Londoun for lack of vytayl yolden vp the toure,
and carae oute : of the whyche afterward sorae were drawe and
Folio 207. beheded. The lord Scales, for as raeche as men of Londoun loued hym nat,
he thoughte that he rayghte haue stande in the raore sewrte in the
saintwary of Westmynstre thanne in the toure. Late in the euyn,
[he] entred a boote with iij persones rowyng toward Westmynstre,
and a wommanne the whiche that knewe hym ascryed hyra, and anone
the boote men gadered theym togedre and folowed hyra, and fylle
vpponne hym, and kylde hyra and caste hyra on the lond, besyde
seynt Mary Ouerey. And grete pyte it was, that so noble and so
WorshypfuUe a knyghte, and so welle approued in the warrys of
Norraandy and Fraunce, shuld dy so myscheuously.
Whan quene Margarete harde telle, that the kyng was dysconi-

Polio 207 b.

HENRY VL 99
fyted and take, she fledde with hyr sone and viij persones in to the -*^D- 1^^"-
castelle of Hardlaghe in Wales, and as she went by Lancastreshyre,
there she was robbed and dyspoyled of alle her goodes, to the valew
of x.M'. marc, as yt was sayde; and sone after she went into
Scotlonde. Thys same yeere, in the monethe of August, the kyng of Scottes
beseged the castelle of Rokesburghe in Northumbreland, and on seynt
Laurence day in the raornyng, er he had herde raasse, he wolde haue ^° ^^ °* A*'
fyred a grete gonne for to have shot to the castelle, and the chambre
of the gonne brake and slowe hym.
The xxxix, yere of kyng Harry, aboute seynt Mathews day in a^d^iToo-'i.
Septembre, the duk of Somerset came fro Guynes in to Englond. Ye 21 of Sep-
And thys same yere the Tewesday the viij. day of Octobre, a [October 8th.]
parlement was begonne at Westmynstre ; and thyder came Richard
duk of York, that a lytelle before was come oute of Yrlond, and was
loged in the paleys, the kyng beyng there, and brak vp the dores
of the kynges chambre. And the kyng heryng the grete noyse Kynge Harry
and rumore of the peple, yaafe hym place and took another sake his'cham-
charabre. tar*
Then the seyde duk Richard, remerabryng the grete and many-
folde wrongys, exylys, and vylonyes, that he had suffred and be
put vnto by thys seyde kyng Harry, and by hys ; and also how
wrongfully and vniustly he had be, and was, dyspleased and dyseased
of hys ryghte enheritaunce of the reaume and croune of Englond,
by violent intrusyonne of kyng Harry the iiij"'^ whyche vnryghte-
fuUy, wrongfully, and tyrannously vsurped the crowne after the
dethe of kyng Rychard his cosyn, verray and ryghtfuUe heyre
therof, and so wrongfully holdyn fronii hymm, and occupyed and
holde, by the sayde kyng Harry the iiij***^, the v''"', and kyng Harry
the yjtlie that now ys in to thys tyrae ; he as ryghte heyre by lynealle
descens from the sayde kyng Richard, chalaunged and clayraed the
* Bv the hand of Stowe.

100 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1460. sayd reame and croune of Englond, purposyng withoute any tnore
delay to haue be crouned onne Alle Halow day, thanne next folow
yng : and heropon sent to the lordes and comones of the parlement
in wrytyng, hys sayde clayme, tytle and pedegre, and nat wold come
in to the parleraent tylle he had aunswere therof. The whyche
tytle, clayme and pedegre, after diligent inspeccione and wyse dely-
beracione of thaym had, dyscussed and approued, by alle the seyde
parlement; peese, vnyte and Concorde betwene the kyng and the
[Friday, Oct, Sayde duk Richard, the Fryday in the vygylle of Alhalow was maad,
^^^''-' stabylysshed and concluded, as yt appereth plenely, and ys con-
Polio 208. teyned in tharticles here next folowyng : —
The articles be- « Blysscd be Jhesu, in Whos handes and bounte restethe and ys
Harry and°the the peaso and vnyte betwyxt princes, and the weele of euery reaume
duk of York. yknow, by Whos direccione aggreed hit ys, appoynted, and accorded
as folowethe, betwyxt the moste Hyghe and most Myghty Prynce,
Kyng Harry the y)^^, kyng of Englond and of Fraunce and lorde of
Yrelond, on that on party, and the ryghte Hyghe and Myghty Prynce
Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, on that other party, uppon cer
tayne matyers of variaunce meued betwyxt thayme; and in espe-
cyalle, uppon the clayme and tytle vn to the corones of Englond and
of Fraunce, and royalle power, estate, and dygnyte apperteynyng to
the same, and lordshyppe of Yrelond, opened, shewed, and declared
by the sayde duk afore alle the lordes spyrytuelle and temperalle
beyng in thys present parliament : The sayde aggrement, appoynte
ment and accord, to be auctorysed by the same parlement.
" Furst, where the sayde Richard duk of York hathe declared aiid
opened as aboue ys sayde tytle and clayme in the raanner as
folowethe :
" That the ryghte noble and worthy prince Harry kyng of Englond
the uf^ had issew and lawfully gate Edward hys furst begoten soncj
borne at Westmynstre the xv. kalendis of Juylle, in the vygyl of
seynt Marc and Marcellyane, the yere of oure Lorde M'.CC.xxxix, :
and Edmonde his seconde goten sone whyche was in saynt Marcelle

HENRY VI. 101
day, the yere of oure Lorde M'.CC. : The whyche Edward, after the ^.D. 1460.
dethe of kyng Harry hys fader, entiteled and called kyng Edward the
furst, had yssew Edwarde, hys furst begoten sone, entitled and called
after the desese of the sayde furst Edwarde, hys fader, kyng Edward the Folio 208 b.
secunde : The whiche had yssew and lawfuUy gate the ryghte noble
and honorable prince Edward the thryd, trew and vndowted kyng of
Engelond and of Fraunce and lord of Yrelond : Whyche Edwarde the
iij'i^ trew and vndowted kyng of Engelond and of Fraunce and lord of
Yrelond, had yssew and lawfully gate, Edward hys furst begotenne sone,
prince of Wales ; Wyllyara of Hatfyeld, secund begotenne ; Leonel,
thryd begoten, duke of Clarence ; Johan of Gaunt, fourthe begotenne,
duke of Lancastre ; Edmond Langley, fyfth begoten, duk of York;
Thomas Wodstoke, syxthe gotenne, duk of Gloucestre ; and Wyllyam
Wyndsore, the seuenthe goten. The sayde Edwarde, prince of Wales,
whyche dyed in the lyf of the sayde Edward, kyng, had yssew and
lawfully gat Richard, the whyche succeded the same Edward, kyng,
hys grauntsyre, in royalle dygnyte, entyteled and called kyng
Richard the secund, and deyed withoute yssew. Wyllyam Hatfeld
the ij** goten sone of the seyde Edward, kyng, dyed withoute yssew.
Leonelle, the iij*' goten sone of the sayde Edward, kyng, duke of
Clarence, had yssew and lawfully * gat Phylyppa, his ownely doughtre * Some have
and heyre, whyche by sacrament of matryraony cowpeled vnto Ed- "^®"'®'^ ''"^¦'''
raond Mortymer erle of Marche, had yssew and lawfully beere Roger
Mortymer, erle of Marche, her sone and heyre. Whiche Roger
erle of Marche had yssew and lawfully begate Edmund erle of
Marche, Roger Mortymer, Anne and Alianore, whyche Edmund,
Roger and Alyanore, dyed withoute yssew. And the sayde Anne
vndre the sacrament of matryraony cowpeled vnto Richard erle of
Carabrege, the sone of the sayde Edmond Langley, the fyfthe goten Poiio 209.
Sone of the sayde kyng Edward, as yt ys afore specyfyed, had yssew
and bare lawfully Richard Plantagenet, comonly called duk of York,
f By the hand of Stowe.

102 A CHRONICLE,
A.D, 1460, The sayde Johan of Gaunt the iiijH' goten sone of the seyde kyng
Edward, and the yonger brother of the sayde Leonelle, had yssew
and lawfully gat Harry Erie of Derby, whyche incontinent after the
tyme that the seyde kyng Richard resygned the corones of the sayde
reames and the sayde lordeshyppe of Yrlond, vnryghtewysly entred
vpponne the same, then be alyue Edmond Mortymer erle of Marche,
sone to Roger Mortymer erle of Marche, sone and heyre of the sayde
Phylyppa, doughter and heyre of the sayde ser Leonelle, the iij** sone
of the sayde kyng Edward the iij<^<', to the whyche Edraond the
ryghte and title of the seyde corones and lordshyp by lawe and
custom belonged. To the whyche Richard duk of York, as sone to
Anne, doughter to Roger Mortymer erle of Marche, sone and heyre
to the sayde Phylyppa, doughter and heyre of the sayde Leonelle,
the iij** goten sone of the sayde kyng Edwarde the iij**, the ryghte,
tytle, dygnyte royalle, and estate of the corones of the reames of
Englond and Fraunce, and of the lordeshyppe and the londe of Yre
lond, of the ryghte lawe and custume perteynethe and belongethe,
afore any yssew of the sayde Johan of Gaunt the iiij">e goten sone of
the same kyng Edwarde.
" The sayde tytle natheles natwythestandyng, and withoute preiudice
of the same, the sayde Richard duk of York, tendrely desyryng the
Polio 209 b. weele, reste and prosperyte of thys lande, and to sette aparte alle
that that rayghte be a trouble to the same; and consideryng the
possessyone of the sayd kyng Harry the vjHie^ and that he hathe for
hys tyme be named, taken and reputed kyng of Engelond and of
Fraunce and lorde of Yrlond ; ys content, aggreed and consentethe
that he be had, reputed and taken kyng of Englond and of Fraunce,
with the royalle astate, dignyte and preemynence bylongyng therto,
and lorde of Yrlond, duryng hys lyfe naturaUe ; and for that tyme
the sayde duk, withoute hurte or preiudice of hys sayde ryghte and
title, shalle take, worshyp and honoure hyra for his souerayne lord.
" Itera, The sayde Rychard, duk of York, shalle promyt and bynde
hym by hys solemne othe, in maner and forme as folowethe :

HENRY VL 103
" In the name of God, Amenne. I Rychard, duke of York, promytte a.d. 1460.
and swere by the feythe and trowthe that I owe to Almyghty God,
that I shalle neuer do, consent, procure or stere, directly or indi
rectly, in pryve or appert, neyther, asmoche as in me ys, shalle suffre
to be do, consented, procured or stered, any thyng that may be or
sowne to abrygement of the naturaUe lyfe of kyng Harry vj't", or to
hurte or amenusyng of hys regne or dygnyte royalle, by vyolence or
any otherwyse ayens hym (sic) fredom or liberte: But yef any persone
or persones wold do or presume any thyng to the contrary, I shalle
with alle ray rayghte and power withstande hyt, and make yt to be
wythstonde, as fer as ray power wylle streche therevnto : so helpe rae.
God, and His holy Euangelyes.
" Itera, Edward erle of Marche and Edraond erle of Rutlond, sones
of the sayde Richard duk of York, shalle make lyke othe. Folio 210.
" Itera, It ys accorded, appoynted, and aggreed, that the sayde
Rychard duke of York shalle be called and reputed from hensfoorth
verray and ryghtefuUe heyre to the corounes, royalle astate, dygnyte
and lordeshyp abouesayde : And after the decees of the sayde king
Harry, or whenne he woUe laye from hyra the sayde corounes,
astate, dignite and lordshyppe, the sayde duke and hys heyres shalle
imraediately succede to the sayde corones, royalle astate, dygnyte
and lordshyppe.
" Itera, The sayde Richard, duk of York, shalle haue by auctoryte
of thys present parlement, castelles, maners, londes and tenementes,
wythe the wardes, manages, releues, seruices, fynes, araerciamentes,
offyces, avousons, fees and other appurtenaunces to thayra belongyng
what soeuer they be, to the yerely valew of x. M' marc, ouer alle
charges and repryses ; whereof v. M' marc, shalle be to his owen
estate ; iij. M' vC. marc, to Edwarde hys fjarst begoten sone, earle
of Marche, for his astate ; and M' ti. to Edmond, erle of Rutlond,
hys secund goten sone, for his yerly sustentacione, of suche consi-
deraciones and suche entent as shal be declared by the lordes of the
kynges counselle.

104 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1460. " Item, Yef any persone, or persones, ymagjnne or compasse the
dethe of the sayde duk, and therof prouably be atteynt of open
dede doone by folkes of other condicione, that yt be demed and
adiuged hyghe tresone.
" Item, For the more estabylysshyng of the sayde accord} it ys
appoynted and consented, that the lordes spirituelle and temperalle
beyng in thys present parliament, shalle make othys to accept, take.
Folio 210 b. worshyppe and repute, the sayde Richard duk of York, and hys
sayde eyres, as aboue ys rehersed, and kepe and ohserue and
streynghte, in as moche as apparteynethe vn to thaym, aUe the
thynges abouesayde, and resyste to theyre power alle thaym that
wold presume the contrary, accordyng to thayre astates and de
grees. " Item, The sayde Richard duk of York, erles of Marche and Rut
land, shalle promyt and make othe to helpe, ayde and defend the
sayde lordes and euery of theyme, ayens aUe tho that woUe quareUe
or any thyng attempt ayenst the sayde lordes, or any of thaym, by
occasyone of aggrement or consenttyng to the sayde accorde, or
assystence yeuyng to the duk and erles or any of thaym.
" Item, Hit ys aggreed and appoynted that thys accorde, and euery
article therof, be opened and notyfyed by the kynges letters patentes,
or otherwyse, at suche tymes and places and in manner as hit shal
be thoughte expedyent to the sayde Richard duk of York, with
thavyse of the lordes of the kynges counseyUe.
" The kyng vnderstandethe certaynly the sayde tytle of the sayde
Richard dulc of York, iust, lawfuUe and sufficiant, by thauyse and
assent of the lordes spiritualle and temporalle and commones, in this
parliament assembled ; and by auctoryte of the same parlement de-
clarethe, approuethe, ratyfyethe, confermethe and acceptethe the
sayde tytle, iust, good, lawfuUe, and trew, and therevnto yeuethe his
assent and aggrement of his fre wylle and liberte. And ouer that,
by the sayde avyce and- auctoryte, declarethe, entitlethe, callethe,
stabylysshethe, affermethe and reputethe the sayde Richard duk of

HENRY VI. 105
York, verray, trew and ryghtefuUe heyre to the corones, royalle Folio 211.
astate and dygnyte, of the rearaes of Englond and of Fraunce and of
the lordeshyppe of Yrlond aforesayde : and that accordyng to the
worshyp and reuerence that therto belongethe, he be taken, accepted
and reputed in worshyppe and reuerence, by alle the states of the
sayd reame of Englond, and of alle hys subiectes therof; sauyng
and ordeynyng, by the same auctoryte, the kyng to haue the sayde
corones, reames, royalle estate, dignyte and preemynence of the
same, and the sayde lordshyppe of Yrlond, duryng his lyf naturaUe.
And forthermore, by the sarae avyse and auctoryte, wylle, con
sentethe and aggreethe that after hys decease, or whan hit shalle
please his hyghenesse to ley from hym the seyde corones, estat,
dignyte and lordshyp, or therof ceasethe ; The seyde Richard duke
of York and his heyres shalle immediatly succede hyra, in the
seyde corones, royalle astate, dignyte and worshyppe, and thayra
thanne haue and ioye, any acte of parlement, statute or ordenaunce
or other thyng to the contrary raaad, or interrupcion or dyscon-
tynuance of possessyone natwythstandyng. And moreouer, by the
sayde avyse and auctoryte, stabylysshethe, grauntethe, confermethe,
approuethe, ratyfyethe and acceptethe the seyde accorde, and alle
thyng therynne conteyned, and therevnto freely and absolutely
assenteth and aggreeth.
And by the sarae avyse and auctoryte ordeynethe and esta-
bylysshethe, that yef any persone or persones ymagyne or compasse
the dethe of the sayde duk, and prouably be atteynt of open dede
done by folkes of that condicions, that it demed and adiuged hygh
treason. And forthermore ordeyneth, puttethe and stabylysshethe, by the
sayde avyse and auctoryte, that alle statutys, ordenaunces and actes
of parlement, made in the tyme of the sayde kyng Harry the iiij*,
by the whiche he and the heyres of his body commyng of Harry
late kyng of Englond the v*, the sone and heyre of the sayde kyng
Harry the iiij*'*, and the heyres of the body of the sarae kyng Harry
CAMD. SOC. p

106 A CHRONICLE.
A D. 1460. the V*'' comyng, were or be enherytable to the sayde corones and
reames, or to the herytage or enherytaraent of the same, be annuUed,
repeled, reuoked, dampned, cancelled, voyde, and of no force or
effect. And ouer thus, the kyng by the sayde aduyse, assent and
auctoryte, wylle, ordeynethe and stabylysshethe, that alle other actes
and statutes, maade afore thys tyrae by auctoryte of parleraent, nat
repeled or adnuUed by lyk auctoryte, or otherwyse voyde, be in
suche foorce, effect and vertew as thay were afore the makyng of
these ordenaunces, and that no letters patentes royalx of record, nor
actys iudycyalle, maade or done afore thys tyrae, nat repeled, re-
uersed ne otherwyse voyde by the lawe, be preiudyced or hurt by
thys present acte."
Also it was ordeyned by the sayde parlement, that the sayde
Rychard duk of York shold be called Prince of Wales, duke of
Cornewayle, and erle of Chestre ; and [he] was made also by the
sayde parlement protectoure of Englond.
[December,] Thys same yeere, in the raoneth of Decerabre, the duk of Somerset
and the erle of Deuenshyre went in to the Northcuntre, wythe viij.c.
men : and anone after the seyde duk of York, the erle of Rutland
Folio 212, hys sone, and the erle of Salesbury, a lytelle before Crystynmas,
wyth a fewe personnes went in to the Northe also, for to represse the
malyce of the Northermenne the whyche loued nat the sayd duk of
York ne the erle of Salesbury, and were loged at the castelle of
Sandale and at Wakefeld.
Than the lord Nevyle, brother to the erle of Westmorland, vnder
a falce colour wente to the sayde duk of York, desyryng a commys-
syone of hyra for to reyse a peple for to chastyse the rebelles of the
cuntre ; and the duk it graunted, derayng that he had be trew and
on hys parte. When he had his comrayssyone he reysed to the
nombre of viij. M', men, and broute thaym to the lordes of the
cuntre; that ys to say, the erle of Northurabrelond, lord Clyfford,
and duke of Somerset, that were aduersaryes and enerayes to duke
Richarde. And whan they sawe a conuenient tyme for to fyUe

HENRY VI. 107
theyre cruelle entent, the laste day of Decembre they fyll oponne A.D, 1460.
the sayde duk Rychard, and hym kylde, and hys sone therlle of [December
Rutland, and meny other knyghtes and squyers ; that ys to say, the
lorde Haryngtone a yong man, Thomas Haryngtone knyght, ser
Thomas Nevyle sone to therlle of Salesbury, and ser Harry Ratford
knyghte ; and of other peple to the nombre of M'. SI'.cc. The erle
of Salesbury was take alyue, and lad by the sayde duk of Somerset
to the castel of Pountfreete, and for a grete summe of money that
he shuld haue payed had graunt of hys lyfe. But the commune
peple of the cuntre, whyche loued hym nat, tooke hym owte of the
castelle by violence and smote of his hed.
Whan the dethe of these lordes was knowe, ereete sorow was a.d. 1461.
, „ , , 1 , T 1 Folio 212 b.
made tor thaym ; and anone, by the kynges commaundement, wryttes
and commyssiones were sent and direct to the Shyreues and other
officers, to reyse peple for to chastyse the peple and the rebeUes of
the North.* And they of the Northe heryng thys gadred pryuyly a
grete peple, and came doune sodeynly to the towne of Dunstaple,
robbyng alle the cuntre and peple as they came; and spoylyng
abbeyes and bowses of relygyone and churches, and bare awey
chalyces, bookes and other ornamentes, as thay had be payneras or
Sarracenes, and no Crysten menne.
The xij. day of Feuerer, the Thurseday, kyng Harry with his [February
lordes, that ys to say, the duk of Norfolk, and Suffolk, the erles of
Warrewyk and of Arundelle, the lorde Bonevyle and other, went
oute of Londoun, and came with thayre peple to the toune of Seynt
Albonys, nat knowyng that the peple of the North was so nyghe.
And whanne the kyng herde that they were so nyghe hym, he went
oute and took hys felde besyde a lytelle towne called Sandryge, nat The secunde
fer fro Seynt Albonys, in a place caUed No-mannes land, and there Aibrayt^^^"'
he stoode and sawe his peple slayne on bothe sydes. And at the
* See in Rymer a commission directed to Edward duke of York for this purpose, dated
Feb, 12 (vol, xi. p. 471.)

108 A CHRONICLE.
A.D. 1461. laste, thorow the withdrawyng of the Kentisshmen with thayre cap
teyne, called Lovelace, that was in the vaunt-warde, — the whych
Lovelace fauored the Northe party, for as raoche as he was take by
the Northurnraen at Wakefeld whan the duk of York was slayne,
and raade to theym an othe for to saue his lyfe, that he wold neuer
be agayns theym, — and also be vndysposycion of the peple of the
kynges syde, that wold nat be guyded ne gouerned by theyre cap-
Folio 213. teyns, kyng Harryes part loste the feeld. The lordes that were wyth
the kyng seyng thus, withdrowe theym, and went theyre wey.
Whan the kyng sawe his peple dysparbeled and the feeld broke,
he went to his quene Margarete that carae wyth the Northurmen,
and hyr sone Edward ; for thay of the North sayde that thay came
for to restore the kyng to the quene his wyfe, and for to delyuer
hym owte of pryson ; forasmeche as seth the batayle of Northampton
he had be vnder the rewle and gouernaunce of the erles of Warre
wyk and Salesbury, and of other.
The sayde erle of Warrewyk dressed hyra toward the erle of
Marche, comrayng toward London owte of Wales, fro the dyscom-
fyture of the erles of Penbroke and Wylshyre. The lorde Bone
vyle that carae wyth kyng Harry wolde haue withdrawe hym, as
other lordes ded, and saued hymself fro his enemyes, but the kyng
assured hym that he shuld haue no bodyly harme ; natheles nat
wythstandyng that sewrte, at instaunce of the quene, the duk of
Exetre, and therlle of Deuonshyre, by iugement of hyra that was
called the Prince, a chylde, he was beheded at Seynt Albons, and
with hym a worthy knyghte of Kent called ser Thomas Kyryelle,
Ser Johan Nevyle, kyng Harryes chamburlayne, brother to the erle
of Warrewyk, was take ; but sone after he was delyuered. This
[February bataylle was done on Shroftwysday, the yere aboue sayde, the xvij.
17th.] jja,y of Feuerer, in the whiche were slayne M'.ix.cxvj. persones.
Whan thys batayle was doon, London dredyng the manas and the
raalyce of the quene and the duke of Soraerset and other, leste they
Folio 213 b. wolde have spoyled the cyte, — for as moche as the quene with her

HENRY VI. 109
couhseUe had graunted and yeue leve to the Northurraen for to a.d. 1461.
spoyle and robbe the sayde cyte, and also the townes of Couentre,
Bristow, and Salesbury, wyth the shyrys withynne rehersed, as for
payment and recompense of theyre sowde and wages, as the comon
noyse was araong the peple at that tyme ; — then ther was sent vnto
the sayde quene owte of the cyte of Londoun the duchesse of
Bukynghame, with other wytty raen with her, to trete with thayra
for to be benyuolent and owe good wylle to the cyte, the whyche
was dyuyded withyn hyt self; for sorae of the worthy and of the
Aldremen, dredyng and weyyng the inconueniens and myscheues
that rayghte folow contrary to the comone wele of the cyte, and for
to stonde in sewrte of the cyte both of bodyes and of goodes no robry
to be had, graunted and promytted a certayne sorae of money to the
sayde quene and duk of Somerset, and that he shulde come in to the
cyte aponne thys appoyntement with a certayne nombre of persones
wyth hym. And anon hereaponne certayn speres and raen of armes
were sent by the sayde duk, for to have entred the cyte before his
commyng; whereof some were slayne, and some sore hurte, and the
remanent put to flyghte. And anone after, the comones, for the
sauacione of the cyte, toke the keyes of the yates were they shulde
have entred, and manly kept and defended hit fro theyre enemyes,
vnto the coramyng of Edwarde the noble erle of Marche.
Thanne kyng Harry, with Margarete his quene and the Norther-
men, went and retorned horaewarde toward the North ayene : the Polio 214.
whyche Northurnemenne as they went homwarde dyd harraes
innumerable, takyng mennys cartes, waynes, horses and bestis, and
robbed the peple and lad theyre pylage into the North contre, so
that men of the shyres that they past by, had almoste lefte no bestys
to tyle theyre londe.
This same tyme the ij bretheryn of the erle of March, George
and Richard, were sent to Phylyp duk of Burgoyne for saaf garde
of theyre persones, the whyche were of the sayde duk notably

110

A CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1461.
[February 3rd.]

[February
2nd.]

Folio 214 b.
[February
28th.]

[Wednesday,
March 4th.]

resceyued, cherysshed and honoured; and afterwarde sende hom
with meny grete yeftes vn to Englond ayene.
The iij** day of Feuerer the same yere, Edward the noble erle of
Marche faught with the Walsshraen besyde Wygraore in Wales,
whos capteyns were the erle of Penbrook and the erle of Wylshyre,
that wolde fynally haue dystroyed the sayde erle of Marche.
And the Monday before the daye of batayle, that ys to say, iu
the feest of Puryficacion of oure blessed Lady abowte x atte clocke
before none, were seen iij sonnys in the fyrraaraent shynyng fulle
clere, whereof the peple hade grete mervayle, and therof were agast.
The noble erle Edward thaym comforted and sayde, "Beethe of
good comfort, and dredethe not ; thys ys a good sygne, for these iij
sonys betokene the Fader, the Sone, and the Holy Gost, and therfore
late vs haue a good harte, and in the name of Alrayghtye God go
we agayns , oure enemyes.^' And so by His grace, he had the
vyctory of his enemyes, and put the ij erles to flyghte, and slow of
the Walssheraen to the norabre of iiij. M',
After thys dyscomfyture he came to Londoun, the xxviij day of
the moneth abouesayde, and anone fyUe vnto hyra peple innumerable,
redy for to go with hym in to the northe, to venge the dethe of the
noble duke Richard hys fadre.
Here endethe the reygne of kyng Harry the yjthe that had regned
xxxix. [viij.]* yere, vj raonethes and iij dayes, that ys to say vnto
Twysday, the iij day of Marche; and the Wennesday next after,
vppon the morow, Edwarde the noble erle of Marche was chosen
kyng in the cyte of Londoun, and began for to reygne, &c.
* Correction by the haud of Stowe.

AN APPENDIX
CONTAESTING THE 18th AND 19th YEARS OF EICHARD II.
AND THE PARLIAMENT AT BURY ST. EDMUND'S, 25th
HENRY VI. BY RICHARD FOX, MONK OP ST. ALBAN'S.

xviij sere. The sere of our Lord M^.ccc.iiij score and xv, and a.d. 1395.
the regne of kyng Rycharde xviij sere, he hulde a parlement in
Irelonde, to the wheche parlement come his lyge raen of Irelonde,
tho that were of the Englysche Irysche, and the kyng asked of hem
a subsedy, and they graunted to hym.
And in that sarae t_yrae, the viij day aftur the xij day, sire Edmund,
duke of 3ork, grauntfader (sic) to kyng Rycharde, and leefftenant
of Englonde in the kynges absence, sette a parlement at Londone, to
the wheche parlement come dyuers of the Irysche lordes. And the
duke of Gloucetur he expowned before alle men the kynges grete
nede at that tyme in specialle, for moche of his tresour was spente in
his lyyng in Irelonde. And when he hadde purposed to the clergye
for a Dyme, they graunted hym. And then he purposed his mater
aftur the same entent to the Comunes for an hole xv peny ; they
seyde by protestacyon and condicyon that hat " schalle not bynde vs
by no lawe to graunt only here afturward. But as at this tyme,
forasmoche as we tendre and loue our sovereyne lord the kyng, we
graunte to hym the xv peny." And this was sped on bothe partyes
spirituelle and temperalle.
And in the same sere, the kyng beyng in Irelonde, maystur John
Wyccleef, a doctour in devenyte, and in his openyons an eretyk.

112 APPENDIX.
A.D. 1395. this seyde mayster John, in the kynges absence, hadde asocyed to
hyra dyuers lordes, as sire Rycharde Sturry, sire Thoraas Latymer,
sire Lowys Clyfforde, sire Johan Mowntagu; the wheche setten
scrowis on Powlus dore of ther false LoUardie wheche they haad
begunne, concludyng by xij chapytours of eresy in destruccyon of
the feyth and of the status of holy churche, the wheche mevyng and
menyng begynneth as thus : —
" Nos pauperes Christi homines et thesauri appostolorumque
(sic) suorum, denunciaraus Dominis, hac (sic) Communibus par-
liamenti, certas conclusiones et veritates pro reforraacione ecclesie
Anglie, que fuit seca (sic) et leprosa raultis annis per raanutenenciam
superbe prelacie, supportate per adulationem privatorum religionum,
que multiplicantur ad magnura nocumentum et dolorosum periculum
hie in Anglic," &c.
The firste conclusion that he leyde for hym, for his truthe. He'
began when the churche of Englonde was appered with temperelle
godus, and morteysed be apropriacyone.
The secunde conclusione was, that oure prystehode that began in
Rome, yfeyned of the power of angelus and archangeles, and hyt is
not the same pristehode the wheche Criste ordeyned to his apostolus-
And who that lyste to loke and se raore of these articules, leet hym
loke on Wyccleves bokes.
And here folewyng ben the vers that were sette vpon Powles
dores : — " Plangant Anglorum gentes crimen Sodomorum !
Paulos (sic) fert horum sunt ydola causa malorum.
Surgunt ingrati giejite Semoni (sic) nati
Nontiui (sic) prelati hoc defensari (sic) parati.
Qui reges estis populus (sic) quicunque preestis,
Qualiter his gestis gladiis (sic) prohibere po testis ?"
Anon as tythynges come to kyng Rycharde into Irelonde, he
sweere a grete oth that they scholde be hanged, and alle tho that
hulde with hem, without they wolde renounce and forsake theyre
openyones.

APPENDIX, 113
And then sire Rycharde Sturry herde of the kynges oth, and A.D. 1395,
anon he renounced and forsoke alle tho poyntes and articulis of
LoUardy, and therto he was sworen upon a booke, the kyng beyng
present. And in that same sere, ther was a squyer of Staffordeschyre
beryng the kynges levere, the hert of syluer, with a felow of his of
Northfolke ycleped John Colby ; the wheche too ymagened a patent
vnder the kynges grete seele, that the relygious of Esex and of
Northfolke, and alle the nonneryes of bothe contreyes, scholde schewe
to hem ther wrytynge of ther mortyseraentes ; the wheche seyde
squyer and Colby vsed and hade vsed a grete whyle, or they were
aspyed, in dyuerse places of the rewine, and gate be tho menes
moche goode falsly : but at the laste bothe were taken, and broust
to London, but John Colby deyde in pryson, and the squyer aboode
the kynges comyng home out of Irelonde.
And in this same sere, the kyng dede do brynge the body of sir
Robert Veer into Englond, the wheche was erle off Oxford.
And in this same sere, there apered in Fraunce a crucifix with
his blody woundes ouer the churche-steple of the towne of Landa-
vencis, the beschope, the clergie, and raony of the comune peple
beholdyng theron ; and hit apered so the space of halffe an our.
In that same sere, a harbour, called a Moret, an hethen lorde,
faust aseyns the priour of seynt Jhones of Rodes, the wheche pryour
hade at his gouernaunce and ledyng but iij. C. off Cristenmen at that
tyrae ; but manly, by Godes helpe, they foust with the Moret, and
slowe of the paynemus that corae with hym to batayle mo than fyfty
M'. And when the Moret sys that he myst not prevayle asejme the
Cristen at the batayle on the londe, he began an newe warre upon
the see: but, be the helpe of God, he wa^ put to the wurse, and
withdrowe hym.
And in this same sere, the marchantes of Northfolke were robbed
of XX. M^ pownde be the queenes meyne of Denmarke, the wheche
was an vndoyng to mony of the marchantes of Northfolke for euer
more afturwarde.
CAMD. SOC. Q

1 14 APPENDIX.
A.D. 1396. xix sere. Item, in anno M'.ccc. nonogesimo vj°, and in the regne
of kyng Rychard the xix sere, the pope wroot downe to the kyng
aseyne the lordes, to haue hem proclamed as traytours to holy
churche ; and that the kyng schold be favorable to the prelates, as
beschopes, abbotus, pryours, and to alle the trewe mynystris of the
churche ; and tho cursed Lollardes that wolde not renounce and leue
hure false openyones, the kyng to geve hem the lawe as longed to
suche mysbeleuers and eretykes. Also alle tho that haad purchased
off the pope or of ony of his mynystris ony fredome, as chappellanes,
honoris, or any capasite, the pope annuUed hem, bothe of his owne
tyme and also of his prodesessous (sic), vnto the tyme that he were
bettur avysed.
A.D. 1395. And in this same sere, sire John, duke of Lancastre, to whome
the kyng had seue the Duche of Gyene, for the wheche he spent
goode innumerable to gete the goode wylle of the peple of that
countrey; and, when the seyde duke stoode in gode conseyte of
the peple, the kyng sent for hym to come to hyra into Englonde.
And he come home anon aftur Cristemasse to the maner off
Langeley, wher the kyng haad holde his Cristemasse; and he
was reseyued wurthyly and wyrschypeffuUy by countynaunce out-
warde, but ther was but lytylle loue withinne forth, as hit was
seyde.
A.D. 1396. And anon aftur, the duke partyd fro the kyng, and rode to
LyncoUe, wher Kateryne Swynfordes abydyng was as at that tyme.
And aftur the utas of xij day, the duke wedded the seyde Kateryne;
the wheche weddyng caused mony a monnus wonderyng, for, as hit
was seyde, he haad holde heere longe before.
And in this same sere, the ambassitours of Englonde and Fraunce
metten togedere, and spaken for a pees betwene Englonde and
Fraunce, be the assent of bothe the kynges : and apoyntement was
made that bothe the kynges schulde mete oppon a serteyne grounde
besonde Calyce ; and so they dede, and ther were pyst bothe ther
tentes ful ryally. But or they come togedere for to trete togedere,
ther was an oth taken on bothe partyes, wheche oth sueth here

APPENDIX, 115
folewyng wreten in Lateyne, The fyrste that swere was the kyng A.D, 1396.
of Fraunce as thus : —
" Nos Carolus Rex Francie juramus in verbo regali super Evan-
gelia, pro nobis et omnibus nobis subjectis, amicis, et affinitate con-
junctis, et benevolentibus, quod non facieraus nee paciemur fieri, per
nos nee per supra nominates, dampnura, inpeticionem, molestiam,
arestacionera, nee disturbacionem, uUo modo per tempus nostre
convencionis, nee per octo dies ante convencionem et septera dies
sequentes, nostro dicto filio Regi Anglie, nee alicui de suis subjectis,
amicis, affinibus, nee benevolis, ante dictum tempus. Et si casu
alico, insolencia vel litigia per aliquem de nostris supradictis, quod
absit, emercerit (sic), nos promittimus verbo regali et per securitatem
predictara, quod facieraus hec debite emendari, et sine dUacione refor-
mari. Et juramus ulterius, super securitate predicta, quod si aliquis
vel aliqui de quoUcunque (sic) statu vel condicione extiterint (sic),
voluerit vel voluerint contraire dicte nostre securitati, nos erimus
in auxUium nostri predicti filii, pro nostro posse, ad resistendum
maUcie raalefactorum predictorum, et conservandum nostrum dictum
filiura et suos, per modum quem nos et nostri scimus, et ad tenendum
omnia et prosequendum sine fraude vel raalo ingenio; et ad hoc
juramus et proraittiraus sicut supra."
Idera juramentum edidit Rychardus Rex Anglorum.
And forthwith the xxvj day of the raoneth of Octobre suyng, the
kyng of Englonde, Rychard the Secounde, roode fro Calyce to the
castelle of Gynes warde. And with hyra roode the duke of Barrye,
the wheche duke was sent frorae the Frensche party to Calyce, to
receyue the oth of the kyng [of] Englonde, and the surete for the
peple of Fraunce,

116 APPENDIX.
M^ OFF THE Parlement of Berye,
Anno Domini M'.cccc.xlvj"-
A.D. 1447. Th[e] Parlement of Berye, the regne of kyng Harry the vj. the
[Feb. lOth.j xxv sere. The parleraent began the x day of Februarye.
[Feb. 16th.] And onue the xvj day of the sarae moneth mustered the men of
the same contre on the north syde of Berye on Henow Heth to the
nowmbre of xl. M'.
And on the morewe they schewed heraself on the south-este party
of the towne off Berye. And there they brak up their waache, and
euerye man went to his owne dwellyng-place, somme xxx** msle,
somme xx msle, x msle, iiij msle, somme more, sorarae lesse, and no
doubte of hit was (sic) a fervent coolde weder and a bytynge.
[Feb. 18th.] And on the morewe, that is to seye the xviij day of Februarye
and Schrooffe-Sonedayes Even, come the duke of Gloucetre fro
Lanam ; and or he corae by halue a msle or more raette with hym
sir John Stourtone, tresorere of the kynges howse, and sir Thomas
Stanley, cownteroUer of the kyngus hows, in raessage fro the kyng,
was (sic), as hit was reportyd by somme of the forseyd dukes
meyne : — " That forasmoche as the forseyde duke of Gloucetre hadde
labored in that feruent coolde wheder, hit was the kynges wylle that
he scholde take the nexte wey to his loggyng, and goo to his mete."
And mdede he enterid in at the Southgate about xj on the clokke
affore none. And by estymacyon there come with hyra to the
nowmbre of iiij score hors. These forseyd raessageres, when they
hadde do the kynges coraaunderaent, toke leue of the duke, and
retournede as eyn to the kyng.
And the forseyde duke roode into the horse-raarket, and toke the
wey on his lyfte hoonde to the Northgate warde, and he enteryd into
a lewde lane. And then the duke asked a pore man that dwelled
in the same lane, "What calle rae this lane?" The pore man
answered and seyde, " Forsothe, my lord, hit is caUed the Dede lane.''
And thanne the good duke remembryd hym of an olde prophesye
that he hadde radde mony a day before, and seyde, " As our Lord

APPENDIX. 117
wylle, be hit alle ;" and rode forth to the North Spytylle to his mete. A.D. 1447.
And anoon as he hadde eten, come to hym by the kynges coraaunde
raent the duke of Bokynghara, the marques of Dorset, the erle of
Salysbery, the vycount Bemound, the lorde Sudeley. And the
vycount Bemound areste the seyde duke of Gloucetre ; and by the
coraaunderaent of the kyng ther waytyd upon the seyde duke to
sera en of the crowne and a sergeaunt of armes : Barthelemewe Halley
and Pulforde, semen of the crownne, and Thomas Calbrose, ser
geaunt of arraes.
And that sarae aftrenoone, bytwene viij and ix, were areste be
the kynges offyceres sir Roger Chambreleyn and sir Harry Wogan
knyghtes, Thomas Herbert, Thomas Weryot, John Wogan, Howelle
ap Dauith Thomas, and mo other, &c.
And on the Soneday was John Hobergere comaundet to warde
ageyns even. [Feb. 19th.]
And on the Schroff-Tewesday, in the latter ende of ther mete, in
the halle, were areste sir Robert Veere, sir John Cheyne, knystes ; [Feb. 2l3t.l
John Bokkelond, counteroUer with the seyde duke, Arteys, Thoraas
Wylde, Rychard Myddyltone, Wallerowne, Bassyngburne, squyers ;
Rychard Nedara, Jon Swafylde, semen ; and mo other, to the
nowrabre of xxviij*'. And these were sent to dyuerse plases to
prisone, sorarae to the Touur of Londone, sorarae to Wynchester,
somme to Notyngham, and somme to North-hamtone, and to other
dyuers places, as plesyd the kyng and his councelle.
And on the Thorsday next folowyng aftre the arestyng of the
sey {sic) duke of Gloucetre, he deyde sone appon iij on the belle at [Feb. 23rd.]
aftrenone, at his owne loggynge, called Seynt Saluatoures, without
the Northgate : on whose sowle God haue mercy. Amen.
And on the Fryday next folewyng, the lordes spirituelle and tem
perelle, also knystes of the parlement, and whosoeuer wolde corae, [Feb. 24th.]
saugh hyra dede. And ageyne even he was bowelled and rolled in
seryd cloth, and leyde in a cheste of leede, and thenne aboue the
leede a cheste of popeler boorde.
And on the Saturday next folewynge by the morewen, he was [Feb, 25th.]

118 APPENDIX.
A.D. 1447. bore to the Greye Freres of Babbewede, with xx torches of his owne
meynye ; saue the too semen of the crowne and the sergeaunt of
arraes, ther were no mo strangeres that went with hym.
[Feb. 26th.] ^^^ qjj the Soueday folewyng at aftemone, the abbot of Seynt
Albones dede his Dirige.
[Feb. 27, 28.] And on the Moneday his Masse. And on the Tewesday they
brust hym to the Newemarket, and bood there al nyst. And on the
[March 1, 2.] Wendesday at nyst they laye at Berkewey, And on the Thorsday
[March 3, 4.] they lay at Ware, And on the Fryday they come to Seynt Albones,
and there was done his Dyryge, and on the morewe his Masse, and
thanne put into a feyre vout wheche was raade for hym by his lyffe,
and so closed and mured vp : on whose sowle God haue mercy, and
on alle Cristen sowles. Amen,
Ther come with his body to Seynt Albones, too of his owne
chapeleynes, mayster Roger Burgh and sir Raaffe Bewforde, pristes,
the too semen of the crowne, and the sergeaunt of armes, Ther
came with hyra his tresorere Gerveyse of Clyftone, Jan de Puis,
eusscher of the charabre, his cofferer Thoraas Bemarde, George
Lampot, Thomas Asschelle, Rychard Nedam of Douer, John Her-
buriour, John Acastre, and iiij hensemen, and but fewe mo of
squyers, Ther come with hyra seraen of chambre, Rychard Nylder,
John Doore, Rychard Boltone, John South, Grene, Lane, and moo
other ; John of the Halles, Portars (sic), and the Cookes,
These were tho that were dampned.
Sir Rorgger (sic) Chambreleyne, Arteys, Rychard Myddiltone,
Thomas Herbert, Rychard Nedam : these were jugid to be drawen
and hanged, and so they were. But the kyng dede hem grace, or
they weren dede; for he sent hem hure charturs of pardone, the
wheche sauyd hure lyffuus (sic). And alle the other that were
araste, bothe gentylleraen and semen, the kyng dede hem grace:
relesed hem of ther prisonment, and fore the more part were restored
to ther goodes.
And thus endet Vmffrey the duke of Gloucetre.

SUPPLEMENTAET ADDITIO^fS
FEOM THE CONTINUATION OP THE EULOGIUM:
COTTON MS. GALBA E. VII.

I,
[See Page 2, line 17, &c,]
Sed Abbas nee adquiescere nee comparere volebat, asserens eccle- A.D, 1378.
siam suam dedicatam fore per beatum Petrum miraculos^, et alterius Folio 192.
dedicatione non indigere; ostendans chronicam dedicationis, ut
sequitur : —
Tempore quo Rex .lEthelbertus qui regnavit in Cantii, prasdicante A.D. 605.
beato Augustino, fidei sacramenta susceperat, nepos quoque ejus
Sebertus, qui orientalibus Anglis prsefuit, fidem, eodem episcopo
evangelizante, suscepit. Hie Londoniis, quse regni sui Metropolis
habebatur, intra muros ecclesiam in honorem Pauli beatissimi con-
struens, episcopali eam sede voluit esse sublimem : cui sanctus
MelHtus, quem beatus papa Gregorius cum pluribus aliis in adjuto-
rium miserat Augustino, merito simul et honore pontificali priiis
omnium prafuit, Volens autem rex utrique apostolo se gratum
praestare, in occidentali parte ejusdem civitatis extra muros, in honore
beati Petri, monasterium insigne fundavit; multis illud donariis or-
nans et ditans possessionibus, Venerat autem tempus, quo ecclesia
fuerat in eo dedicanda ; paratisque omnibus pro loco et tempore pro
monasterii dignitate, agente episcopo ea nocte in tentoriis, dies
crastina prsestolabatur. Magna plebis expectatio, quae adhuc rudis
in fide, his solenniis interesse non solum pro devotione sed etiam pro

120 APPENDIX,
A.D. 605, admiratione gaudebat. E^dem nocte, piscatori cuidam in Thamasis
Col. b. fluvii, qui eidem monasterio subfluit, ulterior! ripa, in habitu
peregrini beatus Petrus apparens, promiss^ mercede, transponi se ab
eodem et petiit et praemeruit. Egressus autem a navicul^, ecclesiam,
piscatore cernente, ingreditur; et, ecce, subito lux coelestis emicuit,
miroque splendore coUustrans omnia, noctem convertit in diem,
Adfuit enim cura apostolo multitude civiura supernorum egredientium
et ingredientiura, et, choris hyranidicis praeeuntibus, raelodia coelestis
insonuit. Omnia plena lumine, omnia referta dulcedine, Aures
vocis angelicas mulcebat jocunditas: nares indicibilis odoris fragrantia
perfimdebat : oculos lux jetherea illustrabat. Videbantur quasi mixta
terrena coelestibus, humana conjuncta divinis, et, quasi in scaM Jacob,
angeli descendentes et ascendentes in illis sacrls solenniis videbantur.
Paratisque omnibus quse ad ecclesiae dedicationera spectant solenniis,
redit ad piscium piscatorem piscator egregius hominum; quem, cirni
divini luminis fulgore perterritum , alienatum poene sensibus, reperisset,
blands consolatione reddidit hominem propria rationi. Ingredientes
ambo cymbam simul uterque piscator, inter loquendum apostolus homi
nem iisdem quibus se quondam magister suus conveniens verbis, "Nun-
quid," ait, "pulmentarium non habes?" Etille " Tum," inquit, "in-
consuetas lucis perftislone stupidus, tum expectatione tui detentus, nihil
cepi ; sed promissara a te mercedem securus expecta vi," Ad hsec apos
tolus, " Laxa nunc," "inquit, " retiain capturam." Paruit imperanti
piscator, et mox implevit rete piscium maxima multitude ; quibus ad
ripam extractis, " Hunc," inquit apostolus, " qui caeteris magnitudine
et pretio praecellit, Mellito episcopo, vaek ex parte, piscera defer. Pro
nautic& vero mercede, csetera tibi toUe. Ego sum Petrus qui tecum
loquor, qui cum meis concivibus, constructam in meo nomine basilicam
dedicavi , episcopalemque benedictionem meaa sanctificationis auctori-
Folio 192 b. tate praeveni. Die ergo pontifici quas tu vidisti et audisti ; tuo quoque
sermoni signa parietibus irapressa testimonium perhibebunt. Super-
sedeat igitur dedicafioni ; suppleat quod omisimus, Dominici videlicet

APPENDIX, 121
Corporis et Sanguinis sacrosancta mysteria, populumque erudiens A.D. 605.
sermone et benedictione confirmans, notificet omnibus hunc me locum
crebr5 visitaturum, hie me fidelium votis et precibus adfuturum." Et,
his dictis, clavicularius coelestis disparuit. Et jam nocturnis tenebris
finem dedit aurora, cum beato Mellito, ad futuras dedicationis cele-
branda mysteria processuro, cum pisce piscator occurrit; quem, ciim
episcopo tradidisset omnia ei quse ab apostolo fuerant mandata, pro
sequitur. Stupet pontifex, reseratisque basilicse sacrse valvis, videt
pavimentura utriusque alphabeti inscriptione signatum ; parietem bis
senis in locis sanctificationis oleo linitum; tot cereorum reliquias
duodenis crucibus inhaerere ; et quasi recenti aspersione adhuc cuncta
madescere. Refert base episcopus populo, et mox una vox omniura
pulsat coelos laudantiura et Deum benedicentium toto corde.

II.
[See Page 3, line 5.]
Hoc anno (1382) Rex Annam sororem Imperatoris, regis scilicet A.D. 1382,
Bohemiae, solutis pro ea xxij. M^ marcis, sine consensu regni des- ¦^°'"' '
ponsavit. Oblata sibi filia fuit comitis Flandrias, quam si habuisset, -.' ' , ,
jure suo postea Flandriam habuisset. Dux autem Burgundiae ipsam
duxit, qui nunc comitatum habet.

III.
[See Page 4, line 18.]
Qui quidem comes modico tempore post in Hiberni^ interemptus A.D. 1398,
fiiit. J^^°''° ^96.
Comes ArundelHae omnes naves regis Francis [et]* alias prse- A.p. 1387.
paratas in AngUam, de Rupella revertentes bonis vinis oneratas, cepit;
et, hominibus occisis, duxit in Angliam ad portum de Winchelse.
* " Die Dominica, in vigilia Annunciationis Dominiese, magna classis navium Flandrise,
Cralliae, et Hispaniae . . . oonspicitur," (Walsingham.)
CAMD. SOC. K

122 APPENDIX.
A.D, 1387. Anno Domini 1387° Rex in castro de Nottinghamia 25° die
[Aug. 25th.] mensis Augusti, convocatis capitalibus justiciariis et uno serviente
ad legem, proposuit has qusestiones, quas sequuntur; praecipiens eis
firmiter in fide et ligeantiS, sua, quod fideliter secundum leges AngU-
cas ad eas responderent.
[Here follow the questions proposed to the Justices, with their answers, as they are to be
found in Knyghton, col. 2694-6. Rot. Pari. III. 233, 367-8. Stat. Realm, II. 102-4,
Evesham, 86-89, Immediately following the signatures of the Justices and ofthe
Witnesses, the MS. proceeds] : —
Folio 196 b, Isti autem justiciarii fuerunt de consilio dominorum in parliamento
prasterito: et unus eorum postquam recesserat de castro dixit, " Jam
meruimus cordas quibus suspendamur, quia timore mortis hsec dicta
fiierunt et non de veritate."
Rex misit pro duce Gloucestrias, comltibus Arundelliae et Warwici,
ponens insidias in viis ad capiendum eos : ipsi vero, his per amicos
auditis, cum forti comitiva in sylvS, de Haryngay juxta Londonias
convenerunt.
[Sunday, Nov. Rex de consilio unius burgensis Londoniensis (Pa^e 4, i'Va^meni
B.) venit ad Wesmonasterium, sperans auxilio Londoniensium ipsos
debellare. Archiepisoopus Cantuariensis supplicabat regi quod plaoeret sibi
eos admittere ad prsesentiam suam sine nocumento, et cum eis de
pace tractare. Et, accepto juramento a rege, ivit et adduxit eos
coram rege sedente in magn^ auM : exercitus eorum foris erat. Et
[Sunday Nov. ait rex, " Qua temeritate audetis vos insurgere, et contra pacem regni
mei vos armare?" Respondit dux Gloucestriffi, " Nos non insurgimus
neque nos armamus nos contra pacem regni, sed ad tuitionem vitas
contra inimicos nostros et regni, in quo casu quilibet homo potest
arma portare. Petimusque et vos requirimus, quod fiat parHamentum
[Feb. 3rd.]* Statim post Purificationem Beatas Virginis, et in judicio parliamenti
* The Purification was Feb. 2nd. The " Merciless Parliament " met on the day
following.

APPENDIX. 123
nos ponemus nos; et custodiatis inimicos nostros, vestros adulatores, a.d. 1387.
faciatisque ibidem esse presentes." Et ait rex, " ParHamentum
habebis, et eis non nocebis, et te faciam ita infimum sicut minimum
garcionem coquinae tuae." Tum dux, " Non me inferiorem facietis
quam filium regis;" et genuflectens se dixit, " Filius sum regis."
Archiepisoopus Cantuariensis supplicabat regi quod admitteret eos
in crastino in eodem loco, et reformationi consentiret; concessitque
rex. (Page 4, Fragment B. b.) Sed in'crastino mutans propositum
transivit ad Turrim.
In crastino verb domini venerunt cum exercitu suo in campum [Dec. 26th.]*
sancti Johannis, et miserunt pro majore Londoniensi, qui duxit eos Fol">197.
ad aulara communem civitatis, et amicitiam civitatis susceperunt.
Rex ver6 misit pro eis ut loquerentur cum eo in Turri. Qui respon-
dentes dixerunt, locum non esse tutum, sed extra Turrim cum eo
loqui parati fuerunt. Rex jussit majorem venire, cui mandavit l^o^- 10
armare civitatem. " Absit, domine," dixit raajor; " ligii et fideles
vestri sunt et amici regni." Rex eum ejecit, et misit ducem Hibernise
cum literis suis patentibus et vexillo suo, ut Cestrenses et casteros
occidentales adduceret. Et domini, adjunctis sibi comite de Derby
filio ducis Lancastrise, comite de Nottingham mareschallo, et adaucto
exercitu, transeundo obviaverunt duci venienti cum vexillo regis
expanse prope Oxoniam. Quidam miles prudens exiit de exercitu
ducis Hibernias, ut videret qui essent; et reversus dixit duci, *' Hie
sunt constabularius et mareschallus Anglise, et prsecipui domini regni ;
quomodo habuistis literas veras?" Cui ait dux, " Nonne vultis
pugnare contra eos?" Respondit miles, "Absit." Et dux urgebat
equum ultra Thamisiam cum suo confessore,de ordine Minorum,
magistro in theologia, et fugit. Cestrenses, scissis chordis arcuum,
* There is a confusion in the history here — see note Page 4, last line. The occasion of
this second assembly of forces on the part of the Lords was the discovery of the King's
treachery in having secretly sent Robert de Vere to collect troops in Cheshire. His
defeat at Radcote Bridge was on Dec. 20th.

124 APPENDIX.
A.D. 1387. et cum arcubus suis verberati turpiter, redierunt. Militem quoque
priucipalem, ducis Hibernise consiliarium, decoUabant; et tulerunt ab
eis vexillum regis et ipsum volventes plicabant. Dux autem Hiber
nise festinavit in insulam de Shipaye, et inde ad Alemaniam fugit;
et Michaelis de la Pole similiter evasit; item, Alexander Nevyle
Archiepisoopus Eborum ad partes ivit transmarinas ; et nunquam
reversi sunt.
Et prsedicti quinque domini, videlicet, dux Gloucestriae, Ricardus
comes Arundelliae, Ricardus comes Warwici, Henricus Bolyngbrok
comes Darbeiae, et Thomas Mowbray comes Notinghamias, in destruc-
tionem prsedictorura rebellium et aliorum cura eis venientium apud
Radcolbrigge, ceperunt et interfecerunt multos et quasi omnes, ex
cel, b. ceptis fugientibus.
[Feb. 3rd.] Et tuuc prasdicti quinque domini statuerunt parliamentum apud
Westmonasterium, ubi Robertus Tresylian justiciarius, Nicholas
Brembre miles, civis Londoniensis, et alii plures morti adjudicantur,
et ob prffidicationem eis impositam, tracti et suspensi sunt. Et in
eodem parliamento, Symon de Berle valens miles de garterio, et
Johannes Beauchamp miles, seneschallus hospitii regis. Jacobus
Berniers miles, et alii, capti fiierunt, et apud Turrim Londoniensem
decoUati.

IV.
[See Page 6, line 18.]
Folio 197 b.  ossa sua fuerunt combusta. Eodem anno Archiepisoopus Can
tuariensis in convocatione cleri Londoniis statuit, nuUos sacerdotes
debere praedicare nisi fiierunt per diocesanos admissi.
A,D,1388, Anno Domini 1388, Robertus KnoUis sedificavit et construi fecit
pontem Rofensem.
Hoc anno juventus et h^redes nobilium Angliae perierunt in
Hispania, et rex Hispanise statuit cum duce (Lancastriae) prseliari;

appendix, 125
dux autem transivit in Portugaliam, et tradidit filiam suam in matri- a.d. 1388.
monio* regi Portugalise, divulgavitque per Hispaniam (see page 6,
line 31) quod ipse misisset in Angliam pro alio exercitu: rex His-
paniae hoc credens, quibusdam inter venientibus, pro certfi, sumrasl
pecunias composuit cum duce; qui statim post rediit in Angliam, [Dec, 1389.]
Anno Domini 1389, in parliamento tentof Londoniis rex retraxit A.D. 1390.
qusedam privelegia Londoniensium ; et ut mercatores extrinseci pos-
sent dividere raerces suas, et par partes vendere in civitate, concessit.
Post hoc, rex misit Londoniensibus ut aurum sibi accommodarent ; A.D. 1392.
et ipsi se excusabant dicentes se non esse aliis mercatoribus poten-
tiores. Tunc rex vocavit ad Wodstok majorem Londoniensem, viceco-
mites, et alios civitatis rectores, qui coram justiciariis statuti sunt.
Quibus sic ait, " In civitate Londoniensi, pistores in x. quarteriis
frumenti vis. viiicZ. excessive lucrantur; similiter brasiatores in x.
quarteriis hordei, vis. viiic?, excessive lucrantur ; et sic carnifices in
X, bobus. Si major et vicecomites ista negassent, duodena misero-
rura ipsa affirmassent; ideo secundiim consUium eis datum, po-
suerunt se in gratia regis." Et justiciarius dixit, " Juxta statuta
regni, non solum in civitate vestri, sed in aliis, rex aufert a vobis
regimen civitatis pro vestro malo regimine." Posuitque tunc rex in
civitate novos officiarios suos. Postea Londonienses raagnam sura-
mam auri colligunt, ita quod quidam propter illam collectam fugerunt
de civitate. Et regem venientem cum maxim& solemnitate, tan
quam angelum Dei, susceperunt, tradideruntque sibi claves civitatis, et
in auro xl. M^. li. ei obtulerunt : et sic regimen civitatis receperunt.
Hoc anno Urbanus Papa moritur, et Bonefacius eligitur.
Anno Domini 1390, Bonefacius vocavit Archiepiscopum Eborum A.D. 1389.
ad cardinalatum, et omnes ditiores episcopos Anglic transferre A.D. 1393.
Col. b,
* See note to page 6, line 32.
t This parliament met at Westminster, January 17th, 13 Ric. II. 1390, and was dis
solved March 2nd, (Rot. Pari.)

126 APPENDIX.
A.D. 1393. nitebatur, ut primes fructus suarum ecclesiarum perciperet. Sum-
mse sacerdotum Romam peregrinantiura pro beneficiis acquirendis,
in portu Doveriae, et summae pecunise traditse per escambium mer-
catorum, ad parliamentum Wintonias,* deferuntur. Et ibi statutum
fuit firmiter tenendum, quod papa non sinatur transferre episcopos,
neque extra regnum, neque infra, sine assensu regis. Et quod
nuUus amodf) capiat beneficium a papi, sed ecclesiastici patroni con-
ferant sua beneficia juxta intentionera laicorum, qui jus patronatus
eis contulerunt; et super hoc omnes promiserunt regi assistentiam,
sicut pro corona.
A.D. 1390. Hoc anno fuit in Anglic magna pestilentia, quam quintam pesti-
lentiam vocaba'nt.
Anno Domini 1391° nihil hie scribitur, quod regnum Anglise fuit
in malo statu.
A.D. 1392. Anno Domini M° ccc° nonagesimo secundo, Rex splendid^ para-
vit capitulum fratrum minorum apud Sarum, et comedit cum eis
ibidem in refectorio, habens secum reginam Annam, episcopos et
alios dominos, in festo Assumptionis BeatEe Marise : et ibidem ute-
batur regalibus et coron^.
Quod autem actum est in regno annis Domini 1393° et 1394° non
scribitur propter varietatem regni Anglise.
A.D. 1392. Anno Domini 1395° dux Lancastrias de mandate regis transiit in
[March.] Franciam, et tractavit de pace cum rege Franciae Ambianis: et
rex fecit omnes expensas, et dedit sibi et cuilibet de su^ famili4
magna donaria.
A.D. 1393. Anno Domini 1396° factum est parliamentum Londoniis,! ad
* This Parliament at Winchester was in 16 Rio. II, 1393. It commenced " Lundy en
les oeptaves de Seint Hiller, (Jan. 20,) I'an du regne nostre Seigneur le Roi seszisme,"
and terminated " Lundy le disme jour de Feverer." (Rot, Pari.)
t This again must mean the Parliament at Winchester, 16 Ric. II., 1393. From
Froissart we learn that the conditions of peace were soraething of this kind, but they are
not extant on the Rolls of Parliament.

APPENDIX. 127
quod rediens dux Lancastrias, formam pacis in tractatu habitam ex- a.d. 1393.
pressit; videlicet, quod rex Ricardus Anglise, arma Francise, Cale-
siam, et omnia conquesta per Edwardum, dimitteret; et omnia quse
Edwardi erant ante vendicationes regni Francias, cum residue re-
demptionis Johannis regis Francise, possideret. Et dixit, quod,
" arma Francise portare (see page 7 , Fragment D.) non prodest, et
Calesia plus nocet regno Anglise in expensis quam prodest." Sed
dux Gloucestrias, comites Arundelli« et Warwici omnia contra-
dixerunt. In hoc parliamento* dux Lancastriae petiit quod filius suus
Henricus judicaretur hasres regni Anglise : cui contradixit comes Folio 198.
Marchias, asserens se descendisse a domino Leonello secundo filio
Edwardi regis. E contrario, dux dicebat quod rex Henricus
tertius habuit (filios) duos, Edmundum seniorem etprimogenitum, et
Edwardum; qui tamen Edmundus dorsum habuit fractum, et prop
ter hoc judicavit seipsum indignum esse ad coronam, Quare pater
eorum eos sic componere fecit, quod Edwardus regnaret et post eum
hseredes Edmundi : et dedit Edmundo comitatum Lancastriae, et ab
eo descendit Henricus filius ejus, jure matris quse fuit filia dicti
Edmundi, Cui respondit comes dicens hoc non esse verum, sed
Edwardus fuit primogenitus, et Edmundus vir elegantissimus erat,
et nobilis miles, prout in chronicis patenter continetur. Rex autem
imposuit eis silentium.
Item in hoc parliamento dux Lancastriae petiit regem dare sibi
ducatum Aquitanise sub cert^ annu^ pensione, et ipse pro posse
totum acquireret ; sicut rex Francias dedit ilium cuidam militi sub
e^dem conditione. Sed dux Gloucestrise, comites ArundelUse et
* It is not unlikely that the following events occurred in this parliament. The dukedom
of Guienne had been conferred upon Lancaster, March 2, 1390 (Rymer, vii. 659) ; but
in the July (1392) preceding this Parliament, ambassadors had arrived to remonstrate
with the king on the appointment. Some assertion of his rights on the part of Lancaster
may have been distorted in this way.

128

APPENDIX.

A.D.

A.D. 1394,

[August.]
[Sept. 29th, *]
[September.t]

Col, b,
A.D, 1395.
[May.]
A,D. 1395.
[December.] [June 7th,
1394.] [Monday,
August 3rd.]
A.D. 1396.

Warwici, omnino contradixerunt, dicentes pertinentia ad coronam
satis esse pauca. Rex tamen concessit.
Hoc anno, Hibernici veri Anglici auxilium contra puros Hiber-
nicos petierunt. Quibus rex dixit, se velle Hiberniara adire ; et ideo
exegit decimam cleri, et quintam decimam laicorum, ut in parlia
mento solebat; statuens quod omnes nativi de Hibernia in Hiber
niara remearent, dicens, " paucos Hibernicos esse ibidem, quare
dicti puri Hibernici praevalent ibidem." Dotati vero Hibernici ia
Anglia, et ecclesiastici promoti, dato auro, ab hoc statute sunt
exempti. Et rex cum exercitu transivit in Hiberniara, ubi agente
quodam fratre de ordine prasdicatorum, fuit ipse in periculo adver-
sariorum; sed frater captus missus est ad turrim Londoniensem, qui
postea ad preces Provincialis, carceri sui ordinis est liberatus.
Hoc autem anno, dux Lancastriae transivit in Aquitaniam, ut
ducatum sibi acquireret : sed Burdegalia et aliae civitates ipsum
excluserunt, dicentes quod a tempore secundi Henrici, qui jure
suffi uxoris ilium ducatum possedit, semper iste ducatus tenuit de
rege Anglic, et "si Rex AngUae nos noluit habere, tenebimus de
nosmet ipsis."
Hoc anno Makamor et quidam alii principales purorum Hiber-
nicorum capti fuerunt, quos rex duxit in Angliam, et honorific^
satis tractavit.
Dux vero Lancastriae spe frustratus rediit. Hoc etiam anno,
moritur Domina Anna regina Angliae in manerio de Shene,
et apud Westmonasterium sepelitur, quod factum fuit anno
xviij° regni regis Ricardi. Qu4 quidem reginS, mortui, rex
obtulit regi Franciae treugas 30 annorum, petens filiam suam in
uxorem. I
* Or immediately after, (Rymer, vii. 790.) f After the 13th. (Rymer, vii. 789.)
{ The first document in Rymer relative to Richard's marriage with Isabella of Valois,
is dated July 8, 1395. The 30 years' truce was ratified by the King of France, March 11,
1396 (Rymer, vii, 832), and finally sworn to by both kings about the end of October,

APPENDIX. 129
Hoc anno Archiepisoopus Cantuariensis moritur, et Thomas de A.D. 1396,
Arundelli^ a monachis Cantuariensibus postulatur. Et rex, vocato [July 31.]
duce Lancastriae, et multis comitibus et nobilibus, installationi suse
solemniter adfuit, sestimans quod frater suus venisset ad solemni-
tatem; quem, de facto, ibidem cepisset si venisset.
Anno Domini 1397°, et anno regni regis Ricardi vicesimo, rex A.D. 1396.
transivit ad Calesiam et cum rea-e Franciae extra Calesiam loquebatur, [Sept. 7t .]
1 • PT . ^ 1 -A A 1 -A A [Oct. 27, 28.]
et desponsavit nliam suam m Calesia cum magna gloria et pompa, |.„ ,
in ecclesia sancti Nicholai ibidem; Isabellam nomine, tunc novem Nov, 1st,]
annorum existentem; quam solemniter et in magnis expensis duxit C "^- ' J
m Angliam, quas fuit cito post coronata apud Westmonasterium. rj^^^ >^^^-:
Et post adventum suum in Angliam vocavit Archiepiscopum Can-
tuariensera, rogans eura ut adduceret ad se comitem Arundelliae
fratrem suum. Cui Archiepisoopus dixit, " Facietis sibi malum si
venerit?" Cui rex hoc negans assecuravit eum, jurando sibi super
corpus Christi statim post missam Archiepiscopi. Archiepisoopus
autem, cum magnsi, instantia, fratrem suum timenter duxit ad
praesentiam regis apud Westraonasterium. Quo viso, dixit rex
comiti de Notynghamise, " Curam habeas de comite isto Arun
delUse;" et statim transiit in cameram. Coraes vero de Notyng-
hamise duxit comitem Arundelliae in aliam cameram, et clausit
ostium. Archiepisoopus autem expecta vit usque ad vesperam (see
page 8, Fragment E.), et tristis rediit ad domum suam apud
Lambhithe. In crastino rex tradidit comitem cuidam inimico suo, ut in
castro de Wight ipsum custodiret, et statim bona sua confiscantur.
Comitem vero Warwici cepit in curi^ sua^ quem misit in Turrim. [July 10th.]
Et statim cum turb& magna transiit ad mansionera ducis Glou-
cestriffi, in Essex, vocatara Plasshe. Quo capto, dixit sibi rex, " Tu
non vis ad me venire pro aliquo nuncio, ego igitur ad te venio, et
te arresto " Cui ait dux, " Gratios^ agatis mecum salvando vitam Folio 198 b.
meam," Cui rex, " Illam gratlam habebis quam prasstitisti Symoni
CAMD, SOC, s

130

APPENDIX.

A.D. 1397. de Burley, ciim regina pro eo coram te genuflecteret : legas ista," —
tradens sibi schedulam accusationis suse. Et cum dux legisset,
' ' Ad ista respondebimus." Et rex commisit eum comiti de Noting*
ham, capitaneo Calesias, utin castro ibidem ipsum custodiret.
Et postea transiit in partes occidentales Anglise et coUegit exerr
cituin, vocavitque Gallos in auxilium: qui cum lanceis elevatis
(see page 8, Fragment E. b.) venerunt per mediura regni, Misitque
ad singulos episcopos, abbates et generosos atque mercatores, et sub
colore mutui auri ipsorum nunquam persolvendi, extorsit in tantI
quantitate quod unus simplex generosus solvit xl. li.
[August 5th.] Ibi autem processerunt comites Rutlandias, Cantise, Huntingdonise,
Sarum, Notinghamise, Marchio Dubluniae, et alii appellantes ducem
Gloucestrias, comites Arundellise et Warwici de criminibus Isesse
majestatis perpetratis anno regni regis x° et xj".
Et rex misit unum justiciarium ad ducem Gloucestrias, ut ab eo
quaereret quomodo ad appellationes responderet. Et dux mahu
propria scribendo in Anglico respondebat, literam sigillabat, et regi
mittebat. Justiciarius prudenter ita literam regi tradidit, quod
habuit penes se copiam sigillo regis consignatam, Cumque responsio
ducis regi non placeret, mandavit sub paen& mortis comiti de
Notinghami^ quod ipsum ocoideret. Et ipse transiit ad Calesiam,
et ibidem famuli comitis cum lecto plumali super ducem posito,
ipsum viliter suffocabant, occult^ divulgantes ipsum morte naturaU
obiisse. Deinde post exaltationem sanctse crucis venit ad parHamentum rex
equitans terribiUter per medium Londoniarum cum M^ armatorum,
quorum tamen multi ficti erant; et tenuit parHamentum cum
* A commission had been issued to Sir William Riokhill for examining the Duke of
Gloucester, on August 17th, (Rymer, viii, 13. Rot. Pari. iii. 378.) At midnight,
September 5th, he was ordered by a royal messenger to join the Earl Marshal at Dover
the following evening and accompany him to Calais, where a special commission was
handed to him. The Duke's written answer was returned on the Saturday. (Rot. Pari.
iii. 430-432.)

[Wednesday,
Sept. 5th*]

[Sept. 8th.]
[Sunday,
Sept. 16th.]

[Sept. 17th,]

APPENDIX. 131
confederatis suis in magno tentorio (see page 9, Fragment F.) quod a.d. 1397.
in pavimento Westmonasterii statuerat. Et ne episcopi, abbates et
clerici intermitterent se in parliamento, fecit eos et clerum compro-
mittere vices suas in dominum Thomam Percy militem, sene-
schallum sui hospitii, Et in hoc parliamento non secundiim legem
Angliae sed secundiim jura civilia processerunt. Nee regis periti
Angliae se ibi intromittebant,
Et prira^ rex ad supplicationem et petitionem sui parliamenti
revocavit commissionem ab [eo] factam anno x°; et statuit quod si
quis talem commissionem procuraverit, sit ut proditor puniendus.

V.
Page 10, line 2.
Deinde adduxerunt comitem Arundellise, et dux Lancastriae fuit A.D. 1397.
justiciarius ibidem, qui sibi exposuit appellationem dominorum et " ? '
accusationem parliamenti, et jussit respondere. Qui dixit, " Res- [Sept. 2ist.]
pondere non expedit, quia scio quod ordinastis mortem meam prop
ter bona mea." Et notificaverunt sibi poenam tacentis; et dixit
dux, " Quia parliamentum te accusavit, meruisti decapitari sine
responsione secundum legem tuam." Cui comes respondens dixit,
"Ista feci propter circumstantias quas tunc erant; et si errores
fuerunt habeo indulgentiam regis."

VI,
[Page 11, line 10.]
Similiter dux Gloucestrise adjudicatus fuit exhseredationi con- Folio 199.
simili,, et post mortem; quia, ut dixerunt, facta ejus ita notoria [Sept. 24th.]
fuerant, et veniens responderat per scripturam,
Cemens et rex quod ipsi ejecerunt Archiepiscopum Eborum, et

132 APPENDIX,
A.D. 1397. quod pacem non haberet cum Archiepiscopo Cantuariensi, fecit
[Sept. 20th.*] parliamentum accusare Cantuariensem Archiepiscopum, Et cum
incepisset prolocutor proponere contra Archiepiscopum dixit rex,
" Non proponas contra cognatum meum. Recede frater securus."

VII,
[Page 11, line 26.]
Folio 199. Archiepisoopus dixit se recedere nolle, hie se fuisse natum, et hie
se velle mori. Rex cum duce Lancastriae intra vit ad eum in
cameram, cum aliis comitibus, in qu^ testis sedebat. Et dixit sibi
rex, " Ne tristeris, nee recedere recuses, quia te assecuro quod post
breve tempus revocaberis, et nuUus erit Archiepisoopus Cantuariensis
nisi tu, quamdiu nos duo vixerimus." Cui dixit Archiepisoopus,
" Ante recessum meum aliqua vobis dicam :" et protraxit sermonem
de luxurii quse regnabatur in personis eorum, et in curiis avaritia
atque superbia, quibus inficiunt totum regnum. Et in die sibi
assignatS, in vigilia sancti Michaelis in portu Doverise recessit.

VIII.
[Page 12, line 1.]
Folio 199, Eodem anno rex scripsit a[d] papam, ut quondam laicum litera-
tum Rogerum Walden in Archiepiscopatum Cantuariensem pro-
A.D. 1398. moveret; asserens, ut quidam dicebant, Thomam esse mortuum.
Fecitque parHamentum hoc compromittere in xij personas, quse
A.D. 1398. continuando parHamentum ubicunque et quocunque regi placeret
[Jan. 31st.] statuta sibi placita secum ordinarent.
Quibus omnibus peractis, in partes occidentales est reversus,
* The Commons prayed for judgment against the Archbishop on this day, but sentence
was not given till the 25th, (Rot, Pari, iii, 351.)

APPENDIX. 133
Nuncius festinanter rediens de curi^ Romani portavit bulks : et A.D, 1398,
rex fecit Rogerum consecrari, Et cito post, idem Rogerus cele-
bravit ingressum suum Cantuaria sumptuos^. Et post hsec, rex
in diebus solemnibus, &c.

IX,
[Page 18, at the end of Richard II,]
Rex Ricardus in divitiis suis prsdecessores suos studuit excedere, A.D 1399,
et ad Solomonis gloriam pervenire, Csepitque plus illis infra ^°'"' ^*'*"^'
regnum post annum xj*^™ formidari, quodvis prole careret et animo
bellicoso. In thesauris et jocalibus, in vestibus et ornamentis rega
libus in quibus vehementer excessit, in splendore raensse, in palatiis
quae asdificavit, nullus in regibus eo gloriosior diebus suis. Et in
raaxima altitudine suas gloria, subitb appensus et inventus minus
habens deponitur potens de sede ; et statua percussa miserabiliter
est contrita; arborque procera in medio terrse omnibus opulentiis
privata, Vigili jubente Coelesti, succiditur; et in carcere proprio,
videlicet, Pontis Fracti, fit habitatio ejus.

X,
[Page 20, line 5,]
Rex tenuit Natale Domini apud Windesorium, et quidam a.d. 1400.
armiger de Circestria, in armis multum exercitatus, secundum Folio 200 b.
consuetudinem suam misit unum de sua familia ad curiam regis?
ut sibi referret gesta forcia hastiludensium. * Archiepisoopus autem
Cantuariensis post Circumcisionem Domini movit a Cantuaria usque
Windesorium, ut esset cum rege in die Epiphanlae. Quidam de
familia regis interea jacebat una nocte, &c.

134

APPENDIX.

A.D. 1400,
[January.]
Folio 201.

XI.
[Page 21, line 24.]
Alii insurrectores, clerici et laid, inter quos Rogerus Walden et
episcopus Carleoli, Londoniis inventi, coram justiciariis statuuntur;
et solus Rogerus Waldenus excusatur. Laici trahuntur et suspen-
duntur, clerici trahuntur et decoUantur, Episcopus Merks incar-
ceratur et episcopatu privatur ; postea tamen rex gratiose egit cum
eo, vis^ conversatione ejus.
Ricardus, olim rex, in carcere haec audiens csepit omnino de
auxilio desperare; et confessus est. eos, de consilio suo dato in
castro de Conway, ista fecisse : et, ut dicebatur, pro tristitia comedere
nolens moriebatur; corpusque ejus delatum est sanctum Paulum
Londoniis, et facies sua ostensa est populo; et celebratis ibidem
exequiis ejus per regem, apud Langley sepultus est.
Isabella secunda uxor regis Richardi, dote su^ nudata, multis cum
[August 1st.] muneribus dotata, ab Anglia in Franciam pulsa est. Qua repatriante,
Gallici treugas prius initas solverunt.
Tunc rex misit Londoniensibus ut aurum sibi mutuarent: ipsi
autem ad eum accesserunt, quaerentes an ipsa missio de voluntate
sua processit, referentes quoraodo ipse promisit se ab hujusmodi
mutuis et tallagiis abstinere. Qui eis respondens, dixit se omnino
egere, et pecuniam ab eis tunc habere oportere. Haec omnia facta
sunt anno primo Regis hujus, et anno xxij° Ricardi, et anno
Domini 1399°.

Col, b.

A.D. 1401.
Folio 201,
col. b.

XII,
[Page 22, line 31.]
Anno Domini 1401, WaUici contra regem Henrlcum 4*°" rebel-
lant, et bona Anglicorum undique diripiunt; rex autem transiit in
WaUiam borialem et insulam de Anglesey, ubi fratres Minores de

APPENDIX. 135
conventu Lamasiae, et Wallici cum aliis, regi resistebant; et ideo A.D, 1401.
exercitus regis fratres occidebant et captivabant, ac conventum
spoliabant. Et Audoeno non comparente, revertitur rex.
Et Dominus le Gray manucepit tuitionem patriae. Rex vero
tradidit magistro ordinis fratres captivates, et jussit omnia restitui
conventui, et voluit quod conventus ille inhabitaretur ab Anglicis
fratribus. Hoc anno quidam frater Minor de Northfolchia in suo sermone Folio 201 b.
recommendavit regem Ricardum, dicens quod viveret: et ille de
carcere regis traditur magistro ordinis corrigendus,
Audoenus de Glendor dominum le Gray in bello cepit. [1402.]
Et eodera anno capitulum generale fratrum Minorum celebratur
Leycestrise in festo Assumptionis, in quo prohibitum est sub poena
perpetui carceris, ne aliquis fratrum loquatur verbum quod possit
sonare in prasjudicium regis. Et quod quilibet prsesidens haberet
potestatem totalem incarcerandi, qui ausus esset in hoc culpari.

XIII.
[Page 24, line 6.]
"Sibi plus teneor," Et rex ait, " Pugnares tu pro eo ?" Res- A.D. 14o2.
pondit frater, " Ita ver^," Et rex, " Cum quo?" Respondit frater, Folio 20l b.
" Cum eo quod haberem, fort^ cum baculo." Et rex conclusit,
" Ergo tu velles quod ego esse mortuus, et omnes domini de regno
meo coraplures," Respondet frater, "Non." Et rex, " Quid
faceres mecum, si super me haberes viotoriam?" Cui frater,
" Facerem vos ducem Lancastrise." Tunc rex ait, " Tu non es
amicus meus: per hoc caput meum tu perdes caput tuum." Et
statutus est frater corara justiciario apud Westmonasterium, cum
quodam seculari sacerdoti conspiratore, apud quem liters con-

136 APPENDIX,
A.D, 1402, spiratorise inventae sunt, Et justiciarius dixit, " Frater, tu exultasti
qu6d audivisti regem Ricardum vivere, et divulgasti hoc in
populo," Frater respondit, " Non divulgavi verbum." Et justi
ciarius, audita duodenfi,, tulit sententiam, dicens, " Tu traheris per
medium Londoniarum super claiam usque ad Tyburne, et ibidem
suspendaris, ibique decollaberis, et caput tuum ponetur super
pontem Londoniensem." Quod et de utroque factum est, atque
per viam preco clamabat casum eorura.

XIV.
[Page 26, line 26.]
Hoc autem anno, duo alii fratres de conventu Leycestris capti
fuerunt in partibus Lichfeldise per familiam principis, et ibidem
tracti et suspensi sunt et decollati. Caput magistri delatum est
Oxoniam in vigili^ sancti Johannis Baptistse ; et coram processione
venientis clamabat preco, " Iste magister, frater Minor de con
ventu Leicestrensi, in hypocrisi et . adulatione et fals^ vita prsedi-
cavit multoties, dicens quod rex Ricardus vivit, et excitavit
populum ut qusererent eum in ScotiS.," Et caput ejus ibi super
palum positum est.
Hoc anno, rex Scoti* misit literas regi Francise, dicens quod qui
dam venit in Scotiam, et duo Jacobitae dixerunt ipsum fuisse regem
Ricardum, sed [et?] rumor ille magis augebatur, sicque dicebatur quod
fuisse in Scotia.
[June.] Hoc insuper anno Audoenus de Glendor cepit Edmundum de
Mortuo Mari, multis Anglicis de marchis Wallis interfectis: et rex
[Aug. 27th.] congregate exercitu transiit in WaUiam, ubi prohibentibus maximis
tempestatibus in Septerabri tonitruorum, imbriura et grandinis,
equitare non potuerunt ; et multi de exercitu frigore mortui sunt,
Ibi frater iste qui fratres suos regi acensavit captus est a WalUco

APPENDIX, 137
et, quia fatebatur se esse de familia regis qui accusabat fratres, a a,D, 1402.
Wallico occisus est.
Hoc autem anno, rege existente in Wallis, Scoti irruperunt in Poiio 202 b.
Angliara: sed comes Northumbriae et filius ejus Henricus Percy,
valens miles, pugnabant cum eis, et ceperunt comites* eorum, [Sept, 14th.]
et X. M' interfecerunt de Scotis.
Item, hoc anno, rex desponsavit relictam Johannis de Monte a.d. 1402.
Forti, ducissam Britanniae, filiam regis Navarras; et eam coronari [Feb, 7th.]
fecit. Hoc anno dominus le Gray, grandi redemptione solute, liberatus [November.]
est. Post festum sancti Michaelis factum est parliamentum Londoniis,
et decima cleri et xv. populi exactae sunt, dicente rege se nil habere. [Sept. 30th.]
Comraunitas quassivit ubi fuit thesaurus Ricardi regis. Tandem
responsura fuit, quod comes Northumbrise, qui regem introduxit,
et alii ilium habuerunt. Rogavit et comraunitas regem, quod, quia
multa sibi tribuunt et ipse nil habet, sinat officiales suos super hoc
examinari, sed non assensit.
Hoc anno, dux Aurelianensis, vir valde superbus et mains, misit [Oct. 2nd.]
regi Angliae literas provocans ipsum ad duellum. Rex respondit
quod non pugnaret cum minore se, nee cum consanguineo pugnare [Deo. 5th.]
licet. Dux dixit, " Dignitatem quam injust^ invasisti, in te non a.d. 1403.
veneror ; et ita decenter mecum pugnare potes, sicut occidistis [March 26th.*]
regem cognatum tuum :" et multa alia convicia scripsit regi.

XV.
[Page 29, line 18.] A.D. 1404.
Hoc anno (1403), clerus Anglise concessit regi petenti medietatem ^^i b. '
unius decimse. Post festum sancti Hillarii inceptum est parlia- [Jan. 14th.]
* Battle of Homildon Hill, Sept, 14th, f Carte, ii. 656.
T

138 APPENDIX.
A.D. 1404. mentum, et duravit usque ad Pascha; quia rex exigebat magnum
tallagium, dicens se habere helium cum Wallicis, Scotis, Hibernicis,
et GalHcis in Vasconi4; insuper custodia Calesias magna fuit, et
maris Anglicani. Communitas respondit dicens, quod" ista non in-
quietant Angliam multvlm, et si inquietarent, adhuc rex habet
omnes proventus coronse [et] ducatus Lancastrise: at theolonia
notabiliter excessive elevata pro rege Richardo, ita ut proventus
theoloniorum, lanarum et aliarum mercium excedant proventus
corona. Habuit similiter wardas quasi omnium comitum, baronum
et nobilium Anglise; quae theolonia et wardae olim erant concessse
regi in subsidium communitatis pro guerris, ut a tallagiis exoneretur
regnum." Rex autem dixit, " se nolle perdere terras patrum
suorum in diebus suis, et ideo omnino tallagium habere oportuit."
Tunc communitas petiit a rege, ut " si tallagium habere omnino velit,
quod theolonia minuerentur.'' Rex respondit, quod "theolonia
habere vellet sicut habuerunt sui praedecessores." Et cum man-
sissent Londoniis in gravibus expensis usque ad Pascha talia dis-
putando, tandem exegit ab eis, quod pro omni parte terrae in
Anglic valente annuatim xxs., solverentur xii^. ; ex ceptis terris quas
ecclesiastici habuerunt ante annum octavum Edwardi Primi, filii
Henrici; in quo ordinatum fuit, quod ecclesiastici in possessionibus
non crescerent, Ipsi tandem attediati de mor^ hoc concesserunt
sub h^c cum (sic) conditione, quod eligerent certas personas qui
tallagium reciperent et pro guerris tum expenderent, et inde com-
putum parliamento darent ; et rex auctoritatem recipiendi et ex-
Folio 203 b. pendendi per chartam suam eis daret. Rex videbatur assentire, ac
electae sunt personse, et charta scripta sed non sigillata, et solutum
est parliamentum.

APPENDIX. 139
XVI.
[Page 30, line 11.]
Adhuc rumor de vitS. regis Ricardi invaluit in Anglil,, et A.D. 1404.
quod ipse moraretur in Scotift in castro ducis Roseyae, quod Albion Poho 203 b,
dicitur. Quidam vir venit ad comitissam Oxonise, et afS.rmavit regem
Ricardum vivere, quse ex hoc gaudens arrestata fuit et posita
in Turri Londoniensi, quse insuper post grandem redemptionem
liberata est.
Similiter abbates sanctse Osithse et Colcestrise accusati, pro pecu-
niis gratiam regis habere meruerunt.
.Hoc anno Bonefacius papa moritur, et eligitur Innocentius, jurans
quod laboraret ad unionem ecclesise.
Quo insuper anno, statutum parliamentum apud Coventriam [Oct. 6th.]
statim post festum sancti Michaelis. Et rex mandavit quod nullus
juris peritus ad illud veniret, et notificavit vicecomitibus quos
milites et communitatum procuratores voluit illuc mitti. Et ibi
exegit duas decimas cleri, et duas quintas decimas laicorum.

XVII,
[Page 31, line 32.]
 Item, quod juris periti ad parliamenta veniant, et sua a.d. 1406.
sapienti^ consulant : quod milites comitatuum et burgenses civita- I'olio 204 b.
tum mittendi ad parliamenta per comitatus et civitates eligantur,
et non per regem assignentur: et quod parliamentum statuatur
Londoniis, qui locus est magis purus, et ubi hsec melius corrigi
possunt; quae si correcta sunt, habemus firmam spem quod Wallia
erit subjecta Anglise, sicut* fuit temporibus Edwardi et Ricardi.
Haec in Anglico scripta, &c.

140 APPENDIX.
[Page 32, line 25.]
A.D.1405. Archiepisoopus Cantuariensis, his auditis, venit cum festinatione
Polio 204 b, a^(j legem. Et quidam miles aulicus regis videns eum dixit regi,
col. b, a 1 _
" Si iste Archiepisoopus Eborum veniet, oranes nos a vobis recede-
mus." Et Archiepisoopus in prasenti^ cujusdam notarii dixit regi,
" Domine, ego sum pater vester spiritualis," &c.
[Page 33, line 4.]
Rex vero intravit aulam Archiepiscopi ad prandendum, et habuit
secum Archiepiscopum Cantuariensem, et totam familiam suam, et
dum pranderent adjudicati sunt Archiepisoopus Eborum, dominus
Mowbray et quidam miles praedictus ; et extra civitatem decolkntur
[June 8th.] in festo sancti Wilhelmi.

Folio 205.

XVIII.
[Page 33, line 17.]

A.D. 1405. Comes Northumbria et dominus Bardolf, de castro Berwici,
recesserunt in Scotiam. Rex autem venit ad Berwicum, et expug-
nando castrum, multos kpides jactari fecit cum bombardis ad muros
castri: sed frangebantur kpides per murorum duritiam. Taoidem
accidit, quod lapis quidam percussus sit ferramentum cancellatum
cujusdam fenestrae in quodam tenui muro, et homines ibidem
ascendentes occidit. Et ex tunc omnes inclusi amiserunt corda, et
vecordes effecti exierunt, gratiam regis implorantes ; quos rex jussit
decolkri. Et reversus transiit in WaUiam australem, et castrum de Coyfy diu
a Wallicis obsessum liberavit. Et in redeundo cariagium suum et
jocalia sua Wallenses spoliabant.
Papa autem, audita morte archiepiscopi, &c.
[Line 26.] .
" Vide si tunica hsec filii tui sit an non :" et quievit materia.

APPENDIX. 141
Hoc anno factum est parliamentum post dominicam primam xl"^ , a.d. 1406.
et duravit usque ad Natale Domini. Clerus autem in convocatione [March 1st.]
concessit regi unam xx"™ et vjs. viijd a quolibet annuario sacerdote;
sed laici nil solvere volebantur {sic), nee (sic) eis daretur computus
de receptis sicut prius ordinatum fuit et per regem promissum. Rex
breviter respondebat, quod " reges non solebant computum dare." *
Officiales dixerunt, quod " nullus eorum scivit computura reddere."
Ordinati ad recipiendum collectam anni prascedentis dixerunt " se
auctoritatem recipiendi non habere, nee aliquid acceperunt ;" et sic
negotium remansit iraperfectum hoc anno.

XIX.
[Page 36, line 22.]
Anno Doraini 1407, et anno regis Henrici 4'' 7°, dux Aurelia- A.D. 1407.
nensis, multvlm odiosus in Francia, propter turbam cum qu& ssepe Poho 205,
equitabat, interfici non potuit ; ideo in civitate Paris, ubi cum paucis
ambukbat tanquam securus, occiditur — hoc modo. Unus inimicus
suus cereo incendit quandam domum, et socii sui occidunt ducem
et abierunt festinanter, clamantes " Ad ignem ! ite ad ignera !"
Familia autem ducis clamabat " Proditio ! proditio !" Sed populus [Nov. 23rd,]
transiit ad ignem. Rex autem Francise turbatus est et omne con
cilium suum cum illo, inquirentes quis hoc fecit. Dux Burgundiae
dixit, " Juretis mihi quod tenebitis consilium per 3 dies, et dicam
vobis quis hoc fecit." Et juraverunt; et ipse confessus est de
scientia su^ hoc factum, fuisse. Tunc excluserunt eum a concilio.
Ipse vero transiit in Flandriam et Alematoniam coUigens exer-
citum copiosum, invocavitque auxilium regis Anglise. Rex autem
pro illo raurdro conterapsit eum. Rex vero Francis misit pro
duce. Dux respondit quod non veniret, nee approbaret mortem
* Bishop Wilkins has quoted the above paragraph. (Concil. iii. 282.)

142 APPENDIX.

A.D. 1407. hominis morte dignissimam : quia fuit homo luxuriosissimus, jactans
se vioksse uxores raultorum dominorum et nobilium Francise,
reginam, et totam prolem regiam suam esse aflfirmavit. Et mina-
batur consiliariis regis, si contrarium consulerent, quod morerentur.

XX.
[Page 34, line 7.]
A.D. 1407, Rex itaque per magnum tempus non solveret soldariis, custodibus
Calesise, sua vadia ; quare ipsi detinuerunt lanas mercatorum quse
fuerunt ibidem, veruntamen mercatores conquest! sunt regi, et rex
petiit ut mutuarent sibi pecunias ; mercatores autem se excusabant.
" Vos habetis aurum," dixit rex, " et ego volo habere aurum — ubi
est?" Tandem, post longam moram, mercatores concesserunt sibi
aurum e^ conditione, quod cancelkrius Archiepiscopus Cantuariensis
et dux Eboracensis manucaperent pro resolutione: quod et fac
tum est.
A.D. 1408, Tunc proceres Scotorum deduxerunt comitem Northumbris et
dominum Bardolf et abbatem de Hayles usque ad aquam Twede,
dicentes eis, " Jam procedatis ! vos habetis Angliam vobiscum."
Qui venerunt cum parv& comitiv^ usque ad Tadcastre. Et vice-
[Feb, 18th.] comes Eborum venit cum exercitu, et trucidavit eos :* capita eorum
posita super pontem Londoniensem.
* At the battle of Bramham Moor, Feb. 18th.

NOTES.

Page 1, line 10. the erl of Dene, — The son of the earl of Denia, who
had been taken captive at Navaretta. The earl had been adjudged
prisoner of the two esquires, Hawley and Shakell, by the Bkck Prince
and sir John Chandos, their master ; and had been permitted to return to
Spain, upon leaving his son as his security. The earl died, and the son
remained the prisoner of the two esquires. His release was probably
commanded by the king, to answer some ends towards Lancaster's acqui-
sion of Castille (see Wals. 1574, p. 216; Speed, 731; Tyrrell, iii. 840);
but as little was offered for the young earl, and the esquires had expected
the full ransom since the preceding August, 1377 (Rymer, vii. 171), they
would not produce him. Hawley and Shakell were sent to the Tower,
and from thence petitioned parliament for a commission to inquire into
their rights. (Rot. Pari. iii. 50.) They managed to escape, and fled to
Westminster sanctuary. Sir Akn de Buxhull, constable of the Tower,
sir Ralph Ferrers — and some say lord Latimer (Stowe)— were sent to
remove them by force, and Hawley was slain in the church. The case
was taken up in parliament; the convent of Westminster petitioned for
protection of its privileges (iii. 37) ; and the archbishop demanded redress.
AU concerned in the murder were excommunicated: and the bishop of
London on several successive Sundays continued to pronounce the curse
from St, Paul's. (Wals., Rot. Pari.) The murder was committed on the
llth August, 1378, Hawley is buried in the Abbey. (Seymour's Sur
vey, ii. 516; Stowe, Annals, 282.)
Page 2, line 1. dredyng, — No notice is taken of this form beyond the
present: it is so common in the same connection, that probably the writer
intended it for the past tense.

144 NOTES.
Line 22. how saint Peter halowed it, as folowethe . . . . — See Appendix,
Supplementary Add. I. The chronicle " brought forth " seems to have
been that of Ailred of Rievalle. The history of the consecration, as given
in the Eulogium, has been printed in the Appendix as it was contained in
the original text, though it differs but little from that of Ailred printed
in the Decem Scriptores, col. 385-6.
Line 28. unMd. — (Sax. uncu^). Unknown, inexperienced, and so to
be dreaded, marvellous. The word stiU lives in these senses in the
Oxfordshire dialect.
Page 3, line 5. Reme, and paide for hir xxij. rnf marc. — See Appendix,
p. 121. The princess Anne, afterwards "the good queen Anne," was
daughter of the late emperor Charles IV. and sister of the emperor Wyn-
ceslaus, king of Bohemia. Wynceskus was to receive from Richard 10,000
marks, and to bear no share in the expenses attending the journey to
England. Richard was to have received a large sum with the duke of
Milan's daughter. (Tyrrell, iii. 871.)
Line 6. Ther was offrid vnto him the erlis dowdier of Flaunders. —
Richard had already been engaged in two marriage negociations : first for
Catherine, daughter of Barnabas duke of Milan, in 1379 (Rymer, vii. 213);
afterwards for Catherine, daughter of the late emperor Louis, in 1380
(id. 257). But the text is wrong. Margaret, daughter of Louis count of
Flanders, and widow of Philip duke of Burgundy, who died in 1361, had
married Philip of Burgundy, son of king John of France, in 1369: the
marriage contract bears date April 12. (Corps Diplomatique du Droit des
Gens, ii. 72.) In Rymer are several documents relating to a proposed
aUiance between Edmund Langley, uncle of the king, and Margaret of
Flanders, ranging from Feb. 8, 1362, to Oct. 24, 1365. (Rymer, 1830,
iii. 636, 744, 750, 758, 761, 777.) Louis himself was anxious for the
marriage, but Charies V. of France and his own mother, Margaret of
Artois (Mezeray, 4to. ii. 581), dissuaded him, and he obtained an acquittal
of his engagement in 1368. (Froissart, i. cclviii.) Philip had been
created duke of Burgundy by his father, king John, to whom the dukedom
had passed upon the death of the former duke Philip, on Sept. 6, 1363;

NOTES. 145
and in right of his wife obtained the counties of Flanders, Artois, and
Burgundy. Line 9. The vij. yeer of king Richard. — This confederation of the French
and Scots was in 1385, 8 Ric. H., not as in the text. The document in
Rymer (vii. 434), July 26, 1384, proves that the Scots were then included
in the armistice which had been made with France in January. Upon
the expiration of the truce, May 1, 1385 (Rymer, vii. 418), the duke of
Vienne sailed with 300 ships to Scotland, to assist in a descent upon
England, while French fleets were to attack her coasts on the east and
west. (Knyghton, 2675 ; Wals. 342 ; Evesham, 61.) Richard, from
Reading, June 4, ordered his troops to be assembled at Newcastle-on-
Tyne by July 14, when he intended to lead in person. (Rymer, vii.
473-4, 476.) He was at Leicester on July 7, and marched northwards
with an army unequalled in magnitude. The Scots fled at his approach.
He burnt the abbey of Melrose and city of Edinburgh ; and then, con
trary to the advice of Lancaster, led his army back, in the early part of
September, to find that the Scots had penetrated to CarUsle, and carried
off more plunder than he had from their capital. Froissart says that
Richard destroyed Perth, Aberdeen, and Dundee, and plundered the whole
country; other historians give a more humble account. While this was
happeidng, disturbances from the Gantois detained the French fleet at
Sluys. (Walsingham, Knyghton, Stowe, Speed, Froissart, ii. cbsv-vii.)
Line 23. The viij. yeer of Icing Richard. — This year Edmund Langley
was retained to serve in the Scottish wars (Dugd, Bar. ii. 155), and was
created duke of Tork for his various services, Aug. 6, 1385, 9 Ric. II.
His Portuguese expedition foUowed upon the treaty with England against
John of Castille, on the part of England, May 20, 1380 ; of Portugal,
July 5. (Rymer, vii, 253, 262,) On the same day (July 5) Ferdinand
of Portugal undertook John of Ghent's quarrel against Castille, which he
claimed in right of his wife, and promised to marry his daughter Beatrice
to the son of the earl of Cambridge, upon the appearance of the earl with
1000 spears and 1000 archers. The earl was sent with exactly half that
number about May, 1381 (Rymer, vii. 305); and Lancaster was to join
with a large force after he had settled some disturbances in Scotland, In
CAMD. SOC. U

146 NOTES.
January 1382 he petitioned parliament for 60,000Z. pay for 2000 heavy
armed and 2000 archers, for half a year (Rot, Pari. iii. 114), without
effect ; and Ferdinand, in consequence of his non-appearance, made peace
with Castille. The earl of Cambridge then returned, about October 1382
(Froissart), carrying with him his son John, although betrothed to Bea
trice. In October the following year Ferdinand died, and John his natural
brother was proclaimed king, in April, 1385, to oppose the claims of John
of Castille, who had married Beatrice, Ferdinand's illegitimate daughter
(formerly betrothed to John of Cambridge). The cause of Portugal was
embraced by English auxiliaries, who with permission joined his standard.
(Rymer, vii, 450, 453, 455, 462, 473.) And in August, by their help, an
important victory was obtained over the Castillians and French at Aljubarota,
(Froissart.) Perhaps this is the foundation for the account in the text.
Finding himself too weak to prolong the contest, John king of Portugal sent
ambassadors to England, who arrived in the autumn of the same year, 1385.
Last line. The hing of Ermonie. — Late in the year 1385, Leo king of
Armenia visited the English court. He came as a peace-maker between
France and England. (See in Rymer, vii. 491, document dated Jan. 22,
1386, 9 R. II.) But his chief object was to implore assistance in an
attempt to regain his kingdom. Richard entertained him at Eltham, and
would have assisted him in every way ; but the council negatived the idea
of sending troops so far from home, and advised the king to make a pre
sent of money. (MS. Rawl. 173.) Richard therefore settled on Leo
1,000Z, per ann. on Feb, 3, 1386, to be received by equal portions at the
Exchequer until he was reinstated in his dominions. (Exchequer Issue
Roll, 15 R. IL Dec. 12th; Rymer, vii. 494.) He presented him also with
IjOOOZ. in a ship of gold. (Evesham, 71.) Froissart says, Leo refused the
rich presents pressed upon him, reserving only a gold ring. In the summer
or autumn of the same year he offered to return, but the nobles decUned
the honour of a second visit. (Wals. 354; Evesh. 76.) Yet the king
and his council seem to have wished it, and we find letters of safe conduct
granted to Leo March 18th, to last till Aug. 1st ; and May 12th till Christmas
1386, (Rymer, vii. 502, 503.) And again, Dec. llth, 1392 (736.) The
king's chamberlain, however, made periodical visits to the English ex
chequer. (See Rymer vii, 549, 706, 767.)

NOTES. 147
Page 4, Kne 8. the erlle of Oxenforde. — Robert de Vere, created
marquis of Dublin, ¦with the dominion and revenues of Ireland for life, in
the parUament which commenced Oct. 20, 1395, 9 R. H. (Rot. Pari. iii.
209.) This was the first time the title of marquis was conferred, and
gave great offence on account of the precedence before the other nobles
which it gave this worthless favourite. (Wals. 320; Dugdale, Bar. i.
194; Stowe, 299.) De Vere was further advanced to the title of duke of
Ireland, Line 16. in the playn parlement. — That is, "en le pleyn parlement,"
" in pleno parUamento."
Line 18. the which erl . . . was slayn in Yrlond. — Roger Mortimer earl
of March was earl of Ulster and lord lieutenant of Ireland. In Pell Issue
RoU, Easter, 16 R. H., is a compensation paid to the earl for lands devas
tated by the Irish. He was slain July 20th, 1398, 22 R. II. He was
declared heir-apparent in the pari. 9 R. H. (See Dugdale, Bar. i. 150 ;
Fabyan, 9 R. H,; Leland, CoU. ii. 481.)
Line 19, the wilde Yrishmenne. — Richard, writing from Dublin to the
duke of York, custos of England, Feb. 1st, 1395, 18 R. IL, says ... "en
nostre terre d'Irland sont trois maners des gentz, c'est as savoir, Irrois
savages, noz enemis, Irroix rebelx, et Engleis obeissantz," Proceedings
of Privy Council, i. 56.
Line 20. he counsel of a burgeis of London. — (See Appendix, p. 122.)
In the parliament at Westminster, Oct. 1st, 1386, 10 R. IL, the Commons
impeached Michael de la Pole, the chancellor, and placed the legislative
power in the hands of fourteen commissioners selected by themselves, with
the king's sanction, for one year. (Knyghton, 2684, 2685 ; Rot. Pari. iii.
216-220; Stat. Realm, ii. 40-46.) The displeasure of Richard was not
shown openly; but in August the following year, 1387, he held two con
ferences -with certain judges at Shrewsbury, and at Nottingham on the
25th, on the subject of the legality of the late proceedings in parliament.
They declared that the commission was illegal, and that all engaged in it
deserved the punishment of traitors, (Knyghton, 2694-2696; Rot. Pari.

148 NOTES.
iii. 233, 357, 358 ; Stat. Realm, ii. 102-104.) The two following months
Richard travelled about the North of England secretly to procure troops to:
support his intended resumption of power — though the legal expiration of
the commission was at hand — and an indictment of Gloucester and those
of his party. Failing of much support he resolved, perhaps at the advice
of sir Nicolas Brember, to try the affections of the men of London.
(Knyghton, Tyrrell, Lingard.) Brember had been several times mayor,
and was afterwards charged with causing the city guilds to take an oath
to support the power of the favourites. (Rot. Pari. 234, 235.) On Sun
day, Nov, 10th, the king made his entry into London, and was met by the
mayor and aldermen in state; but Roger Fulthorpe, one of the justices. he
had consulted, had betrayed the proceedings at Nottingham to the earls of
Kent and Northumberland, bidding them inform the chanceUor and the
king's council. (Rot. Pari. iii. 239, v. 393.) On the next morning,
the king heard of the arrival of Gloucester, Arundel, and War-wick, with
a large body of forces, at Haringay park, not far from the walls of London.
There were some about the king who advised an appeal to arms, but the
citizens would not be roused. The lords were joined on Thursday 14th,
at Waltham Cross, by the earls of Derby and Nottingham, and these five
appealed of treason the five favourites, before some of the parUamentary
commissioners, the archbishop of Canterbury and bishop of Ely. On the
Sunday they made their appeal before the king against Robert de Vere
duke of Ireland, Alexander NeviUe archbishop of York, Michael de la Pole
earl of Suffolk, Robert TresiUan false justice, and, Nicholas Brember false
knight. The king assured them a fuU hearing in the next parUament,
which was fixed for Feb. 3rd, 1388. (Knyghton, Walsingham.)
Last line, same place for to refourme pee} betuene thaym.— The Eulogium
from which our author here translated has confused the history. Upon
the kingis promise to give the appeUants an opportunity to prosecute their
charges in parUament the accused persons had fled— the archbishop into
the North, Michael de la Pole shaved his head and crossed in disguise to
Calais, and de Vere, " cum conniventia regis," (Wals., Rot. Pari, iii, 418,
1 Hen. IV,) raised forces in Cheshire. On his return he was met by the
duke of Gloucester and the eari of Derby, and compelled to a battle at
Radcote bridge, near Chipping Norton, Oxon, on Dec. 20th. He escaped

NOTES. 149
with life by swimming across the Isis. The king and 'qiieeni wire spend
ing Christmas in the Tower when Gloucester and Derby, on Dec. 26th,
encamped their army, of about 40,000 men, within sight of its walls at
Clerkenwell, The citizens doubted whether to obey the king or the lords.
The lords seemed the more powerful party, and the mayor received them
in a house close by the city gates, supplied them with all that was wanted,
and distributed -wine -with beer and bread and cheese throughout the
army: a favour which we are told was gratefully remembered. Strict
watch was kept upon the Thames to prevent the king's escape, and the
lords demanded an interview. He offered to receive them in the Tower,
and to let them search it if they were suspicious. Gloucester then had an
interview with the king ; he complained of his treachery, and extorted a
promise that he would meet them on the foUo-wing day at Westminster.
At that meeting Richard, " sore against his mind" (Stowe), gave permis
sion for the arrest of those who were obnoxious to Gloucester's party, to
be reserved for judgment at the ensuing parliament. (Walsingham,
Evesham, Knyghton.) On Feb, 3rd, 1388, the "mercUess parliament"
assembled, and the charge of conspiracy against the parUamentary com
mission was prosecuted. Robert de Vere, M. de la Pole, and archbishop
Neville, were out of the way; but Tresilian, who had taken sanctuary in
Westminster, was dragged out and suffered death on the 19th, Brember
on the 20th Feb., Sir Simon Burley on the 5th, and Beauchamp, SaUs
bury, and Berners, on the 12th May, A free pardon was granted to the
appeUants; and on Wednesday, June 3d, the 121st day ofthe parUament,
the king renewed his coronation oath and the lords their homage. No
statute of the present parliament was ever to be annuUed, and the bishops
pronounced an excommunication against all who should at any time break
the oaths then made. (Rot. Pari,, Stat. ReaUn )
Page 5, Une 26. ser Simon of Beverley. — An intoUerable proud man,
and great oppressor of the poor (Stowe) : an accomplished scholar, tutor
to Richard II. and afterwards his chamberlain*; sent to Prague to ne
gociate his marriage -with Anne of Bohemia ; constable of Dover Castle,
warden of the cinque-ports, and a knight of the garter — " a gentle knight,
and of strong gooH sense," says his friend Froissart, who was afflicted at
sir Simon's death, (Froiss. iii. Ixxx.)

150 NOTES.
Page 6, Une 16. John Wiclif. — According to Walsingham, he was
seized -with paralysis, as he was about to preach something heretical, on
the day of St. Thomas of Canterbury, and Ungered till St Silvester's, 1385.
(Wals. 338; Upod. Neus. 142.) The correct date of his death seems to
be Dec. 31st, 1384. (Stowe, 296 ; Wood, Antiq. 193.) He had been suf
fering from paralysis for two years. His doctrines were condemned, and
his books, and bones, if they could be separated from those of the faith
fiil, were ordered to be burnt by decree of the 8th session of the Council
pf Constance, May 4th, 1415. (Mansi, Concil CoUect. xxvii. 630, &c.;
Foxe, i. 605.)
Line 19. The xij. yeer of king Richard. — The English chroniclers agree in
placing these jousts in this year. A cause may be found for them, in the
celebration of the king's resumption of power, in May, 1389, 12 Ric. II.
But Froissart placeslthem in Michaelmas 1390, 14 Ric H- ; and Stowe, on
the 10th, llth, and 12th Oct. 1390, which seems to be the favoured
date. Line 32. through all Spayne, &c. — See Appendix, p. 125. After the
return of Richard and the duke of Lancaster from the expedition into
Scotland, in Sept. 1385, the Portuguese ambassadors were received; and
Lancaster obtained a Uberal grant from parUament (Rot. Pari. iii. 204),
which met Oct, 20th. Preparation was made for his departure early the
next year, 1386. On March 15th and 26th, orders were issued, accord
ing to a destructive custom of the time, for seizing ships and mariners for
the expedition. By AprU 20th the duke was at Plymouth, waiting for
more ships and transports, when he received a letter from the councU,
stating, that, as the greater part of the navy of England would saU with
him, it woizld be necessary for him to see to their retum. (Rymer, vu.
501, 504, 509, 524.) Lancaster had taken leave of the king a Uttle
before Easter, (not, as Knyghton says, on Easter da,y, AprU 22nd,) when
the king and queen presented the duchess and himself with regal crowns
of gold. (Knyghton, 2676.) The expedition saUed from Plymouth on
July 9th; it consisted of 20,000, and was amply blessed by pope Urban VL
who granted a pardon to all who should sail in it. (Wals . )«'Sir Thomas Percy,
afterwards earl of Worcester, was the admiral, and John HoUand earl of

NOTES. 151
Huntingdon the constable. (Froissart.) On the voyage the duke landed
for two days to relieve the garrison of Brest, blockaded by the Bretons,
and then sailed into Corunna on August 9th. The reduction of Gallicia
followed. On the frontier of Portugal the duke was met by king John,
when operations against Castille were agreed upon, and the marriage of
John himself -with Philippa the duke's daughter. This took place in the
spring of the next year, 1387. The campaign was not prosperous. The
cUmate disagreed with the English soldiers ; the duke feU into iU health,
and wrote strongly for reinforcements from England, which, we are told,
he scarcely dared expect. (Froissart.) Policy then suggested a French
aUiance, through the marriage of his daughter Catherine -with the duke of
Touraine, the younger brother of Charles V. The duke of Berri also hap
pened at this time to soUcit his daughter's hand, and Lancaster took oare
that the news should reach king John of Castille, who, dreading a French
aUiance -with Lancaster, offered his o-wn son Henry, a boy of nine years
of age, as a match for the duke's daughter. The articles which foUowed
were advantageous to Lancaster ; a vast sum of money was paid down by
the king of Castille, and a large annuity was settled upon the duke and
duchess during either of their lives. Constance duchess of Lancaster
was to resign her claim to CastiUe in favour of her daughter ; the king
was to retain the cro^wn during Ufe ; at his death, which followed shortly
after, it was to descend to Henry and Catherine, and their descendants ;
and, faiUng their issue, to the children of Edmund Langley, who had
married IsabeUa the younger daughter of Peter of CastUle. (Knyghton,
2677; Evesham, 120; Walsingham; Froissart.)
Page 7, Une 11. And in that viage many a worthi man died upon the
flixe. (Rawl. 173, Rawl. 190, f. 144, b.) Descriptive of Lancaster's
retum. — Soon after the king's sudden resumption of power in May, 1389,
12 R. H. he wrote urgently to Lancaster requesting his immediate retum
from Guienne, where the duke had retired to recruit his health ; his pre
sence was needed in England to preserve a balance among factions. On
Aug. llth, 1389, an order was issued for seizing six ships and a barge in
Dartmouth harbour, and rendering them fit for service, to bring back the
duke from Bordeaux to England. (Rymer, vii. 641.) On the 30th Oc
tober the king wrote to the duke desiring him to provide for the govern-

152 NOTES.
ment of Guienne, and to return. (648.) On the 28th Nov. letters patent
were prepared for him according to desire, to insure him agamst suspicion
on his road through France. (Acts of CouncU, i. 14.) On the 10th Dec
1389, 13 Ric. II. letters were sent from Reading to the regent of Guienne,
acquainting him with the return of the duke of Lancaster, (i. 17.)
Line 12. also relece the remenaunt of hyng Johannes raunsoun.— See
Appendix. Line 23. Edmund hadde a crokid back and was a mysshape. — See Ap
pendix. This story is explained by Hardyng, in additions to his
Chronicle, which, according to Sir Henry ElUs, occur only in two MSS.;
one among the Harieian MSS. (661) in the British Museum, the other is
the splendid Selden MS. of Hardyng in the Bodleian Library, said to have
been a presentation copy to Edward IV. The explanation of Lancaster's
fraud occurs immediately after the letter of defiance from the Percies to
Henry IV. before the battle of Shrewsbury, These prose additions have
been printed in the " Hereditary Right to the Crown," pp. 81-86 (a trans
lation only of the letter of defiance, which is in Latin), by Sir Henry
Ellis, in Archaeologia, vol. xvi. pp. 140-144, and in his edition of Hardyng.
Hardyng must have added these passages not long before his death, in the
early part of Edward IV. to settle the Yorkist succession against those
who still adhered to the house of Lancaster. He had been from twelve
years of age brought up in the service of the Percies ; at the battle of
Shrewsbury he was twenty-five years old; and he had often heard the
earl of Northumberland affirm that the duke of Lancaster was the author
of the report that Edmund, from whom he was descended, was the elder
son of Henry III. and set aside on account of his deformity. The duke
had forged a chronicle to prove his point, and " dide put [it] in divers
abbaies and in freres, as I herde the said earl ofte tymes sale and record
to divers persouns, forto be kepte for the enheritaunce of his sonne to the
croune, whiche title he put furste forth after he hade kynge Richarde in
the Toure ; but that title the erle Percy put aside." In the speech which
bishop Merks is said to have delivered, in favour of Richard, at the elec
tion of Henry IV, aUusion is made to this story as an exploded fable;
while Henry seemed to build his title partly upon it. Otterbourne men-

NOTES. 153
tions the search among the chroniclers at Henry's election, no doubt, to
clear up the point, as Hardyng states ; and it is rather remarkable that
not an allusion to this story was made by the duke of York in declaring
his title to the crown in 1460, 39 Hen. VI. (see page 100), though it is
evident from Hardyng that many persons, even in the early part of Edward
IV. believed Edmund to have been the elder son of Henry III. Accord
ing to Lambard (Perambulation, 1656, p. 504), sir John Fortescue wrote
a treatise, which he tells us he " once saw," defending the title of Lan
caster as derived from Edmund. Selden, in the Preface to Fortescue's
" De Laudibus " (Pref. Iv.), has given a Ust of most of his works. His
treatises on the titles of the houses of York and Lancaster, and genealogy
of the house of Lancaster, were formerly in the Cottonian Library, but
were destroyed in the fire of 1731.
Line 27. ihe erlle of Penbroke. — John Hastings. Stowe (305), from
the Tower records, places his death at Christmas 1390, 14 Ric. II.; Dug
dale the year preceding, making him seventeen years of age; according
to whom also (Bar. i. 578) he carried the gold spurs at the coronation of
Richard II. before he was five years old. There is an account of an aUow
ance to the earl in Acts of Privy Council, i. 12.
Page 8, Une 6. horsbred, horsloof. — Pain pour chevaux. No doubt the
coarsest kind of bread ; but innkeepers were not allowed to make it at this
time, but bakers only, by stat. i. cap, 8,13 Ric, II. and after-n'ards 4 Hen. IV.
cap, 25, Village innkeepers might make it, by 32 Hen. VIIL cap. 41, a
permission taken away by 21 Jac. I. cap. 21, " No hostler or innholder
shaU , . , . make horsebread in his hostery nor without, but bakers shall
make it, ... . and the hostlers or innholders shaU sell their horsebread,
and their hay, oats, beans, peas, provender, and also all kind of victual
both for man and beast, for reasonable gain." (Stat, Realm.) In the
Assisa Panis et Cervisie, and Stat, de Pistoribus, of uncertain dates (Stat.
Realm, i. 199, 200, 202), we read of wastel-bread, cocket-bread, treet or
trite-bread, and common wheaten-bread. The legal profits of the bakers
are made out clearly in these ancient documents, as settled by the king's
bakers. The Stat. Pistor. orders that every baker shall have his own
mark on the different kinds of his bread.
CAMD. SOC. X

154 NOTES.
Line 6. ostrie hous. — Hostery; an inn.
Line 8. why he dede so, and this. — " Romayne turned ayene, and brake
the bakers hede. And neighboures come out, and wolde have restid this
Romayne, and he brak from hem, and fledde unto his lordis place; and
the constable wolde have had him out, but the bisshoppes men shute faste
the 3ate," &c. (Rawl. 173; Rawl. 190, f. 144-5.) From this, according
to the Brute, resulted riots, on account of which the city privileges were
withdrawn. The king's resentment had been excited by the citizens refus
ing to lend him lOOOZ. ; and he took occasion, from some disturbance of
this kind, to visit the city with his indignation. The courts of law had
been removed from Westminster to York on March 20, 1392, 15 Ric. II.
(Rymer, vu. 713.) Upon the occurrence of this riot in Fleet-street, in
whioh much of the public money had been endangered by the attack on
the house of the bishop of Salisbury, John de Waltham, then treasurer of
England, John Hende the mayor, the sheriffs, and twenty-four aldermen
were cited to appear before the council at Nottingham on the 24th June,
16 Ric, IL (Knyghton, 2740.) On the day foUowing, sir Edward de
Dalingridge was appointed custos of London (Rymer, vii. 723), and the
city functionaries were thrown into prison. (736.) They were brought
again before the council at Windsor, on July 22nd, when the Uberties of
the city were seized into the king's hands, and sir Baldwine de Radyngton
was appointed to supersede Dalingridge. (731.) The Londoners saw that
" the end of these things was a money matter " (Stowe, 307) ; and on
Sunday, August 18th, the chief inhabitants made a formal submission to .
the king, and bound themselves to pay him 100,000Z., a debt which was
remitted at the prayer of queen Arme. (Rymer, vu. 736.) But a present
of 10,0 00 Z. the king accepted, and promised to visit the city of London on
the 21st, This he did in company -with the queen,-* and at her intreaty
granted a pardon, dated Woodstock, Sept. 19th. (Rymer, vii. 735.) The
courts were restored to London after Christmas, 1392, 16 Ric. II, and the
* A very interesting account of the royal procession through London, and of the
presents to the king and queen, -written in Latin elegiacs by Richard Maidstone, has
been published by the Camden Society. " Eichard Maidstone," says Mr. Wright, " was
in great repute at court," and contemporary with what he describes, since he died in
1396,

NOTES. 155
citizens were aUowed to elect a new mayor on Jan. 5th. (Fabyan.)
According to Stowe entire reconciliation was not made tiU Feb. 23rd.
Line 13. the erlle of Arundelle. — Richard Fitz-Alan, earl of Arundel
and Surrey. Two dates are given for his arrest: according to the Rolls
of ParUament it was on July 8th (Rot. Pari. iii. 435), from which source
we get the following particulars : — The arrest took place in the presence
of the king, who promised the earl, under oath made before the archbishop
of Canterbury and sir John Wiltshire, who were also present, that he
should neither suffer in his person or property. This was before the arrest
of Warwick, which took place on the 10th. Otterbourne, however (190),
says that the duke of Gloucester and earl of Arundel were invited to the
dinner at which the earl of Wanvick was seized ; the duke was ill and could
not come ; Arundel suspected treachery and refused ; and upon this the king
employed the archbishop (much as in the Eulogium) to bring him into
his power. Walsingham (354), placing the arrest after that of Warwick,
says that Arundel was brought into the king's power by treachery. He
was immediately confined in the Tower, and then moved to Carisbrook
Castle, in the Isle of Wight, where he remained till Wednesday, Sept. 19th,
when he was brought up to the parUament.
Line 16. the erlle of Warwic. — Thomas Beauchamp: hewas arrested
on the 10th July. (Rot. Pari. iU. 436; Otterb. 190.) The roUs state, at
the house of the bishop of Exeter, the chancellor, near Temple Bar ; Otter
bourne and Walsingham, Holinshed, Stowe, &c. say that it was on the
day the king had invited him to dinner. Perhaps these statements are not
contradictory. He was confined in the Tower first, and then sent to
Tintagel castle, in Cornwall, and was brought up to the parliament on
Friday, Sept. 21st,
Line 19, the duke of Gloucestre. — The arrest of Thomas of Woodstock
foUowed immediately after the capture of Arundel and Warwick. There
is a difficulty in accounting for the suddenness of these arrests. With regard
to Gloucester, his opposition to the king had been reaching a climax for
some time. He had opposed the king's own marriage and the peace with
France ; had reftised to attend the parliament in which Lancaster's ohil-

156 NOTES.
dren by Katharine Swynford were legitimated, and one of them, John
Beaufort, created earl of Somerset ; had openly insulted the king, and was
dreaded at court (see Froissart's account, iv. Ixxxviii.) ; was said to have
been engaged in a conspiracy to dethrone Richard, and place Roger Mor
timer, earl of March, on the throne ; had excited the Londoners against
Richard, &c. The Chronique de la Traison et Mort de Ric. II. (Eng. Hist.
Soe.) farther relates a conspiracy to dethrone Richard, which began at
the dinner-table of the abbot of St. Alban's, godfather to Gloucester, in
the early part of July, when Gloucester and the prior of Westminster were
dining with the abbot. The prior and the abbot told visions relating
to the dethroning of Richard, which they had each had on the preceding
night, and Gloucester invited them to meet him that day fortnight at
Arundel Castle. The earl promised a welcome, and " on the 8th day be
fore the month of August," July 24th, there met Gloucester, Arundel, War-
-wick, Derby, Nottingham, archbishop of Canterbury, abbot of St. Alban's,
and the prior of Westminster. Richard was to be imprisoned with the
dukes of Lancaster and York, and the lords of the council were to be
drawn and hanged. All this was to happen in August ; but the earl of
Nottingham betrayed the conspiracy. The " Chronique " has been fol
lowed by Fabyan, Holinshed, Carte, but not by Stowe, who had it in his
possession, Fabyan has altered the date of the confederacy at Arundel
from the " Sth day before August " to August Sth. These dates are both
wrong, as the arrests took place certainly as early as July 10th. Carte,
apparently on his own authority, has altered the day to July Sth, which
would suit tolerably weU (ii. 621). If the author of the " Chronique" him
self supplied many of the details, we may well believe that he had fact to
build upon.'* The great objection appears to be, as Lingard (iU. 359)
observes, that no charge founded on any such conspiracy exists on the
rolls. Gloucester was arrested by the king in person at Pleshy, given in
charge to the earl marshal (earl of Nottingham, captain of Calais), and
hurried off to Calais immediately. (Rot. Pari. 418; Froissart, iv.
Ixxxviii. &c.) These arrests of the three lords, a proclamation stated
(July 15), were made with the advice of the earls of Rutland, Nottingham,
¦* We are indebted to the English Historical Society for this valuable and interest
ing chronicle : translated and edited, with copious notes, by Benjamin Williams,
F.S.A.

NOTES. 157
Kent, Huntingdon, Salisbury, Somerset, lord Despencer, and William le
Scrope, with the approval of the dukes of Lancaster and York and earl
of Derby; they were caused by new crimes (Rymer, viii. 67), which
should be declared in the ensuing parliament. In the 6th article of depo
sition, it was alleged against Richard, that, notwithstanding the proclama
tion, nothing had been brought against them besides the proceedings of
the 10th and llth Ric. II.
Line 23. Frensshemenne forto helpe him. — See Appendix, p. 130. The
king had been said to have intended calling over the French to help him
against his barons ; this chronicle says they came !
Line 30. under colour of borowyng. — Compare letters of obligation,
wliich were never iiilfilled by the king, on account of loans made to him,
dated Aug. 10th, 1397. (Rymer, viii. 9-12.) He seems to have bor
rowed chiefly from religious houses, though private gentlemen accommo
dated him with large loans. On Aug. 14th (p. 13), the king issued
letters to the archbishops of Canterbury and York, directing them to
summon a convocation of their clergy on Oct. 1st, to make the king a
grant to meet his heavy expenses in defence of the realm. Walsingham
(353) says, that rumours -were afloat that Richard was to be elected em
peror; this may have increased his extravagance.
Last line, erl of Notynghame, and othir, appelid. — The appeal of treason
against Gloucester, Arundel, and Warwick was made by the eight lords
mentioned above, in note, line 19, on the feast of St. Oswald the king,
Aug. Sth, in the great hall of Nottingham Castle (Rot. Pari. iii. 374),
when the king promised them a patient hearing in the parliament, which
was to open on 17th September.
Page 9, Une 5. And the duke wroot. . . . — -See Appendix, p. 129, &c.
The duke of Gloucester had been hurried off to Calais before the middle
of July; and on Aug. 17th a commission was directed to sir William
Rickhill, one of the judges ofthe common bench, to take his depositions
in prison. (Rot. Pari. iii. 431; Rymer, viii. 13.) At midnight, Sept. 5th,
the judge was awoke at Essingham, Kent, by Mulso, a king's messenger,

158 NOTES.
who brought a writ, ordering him to be at Dover the foUo-wing evening, to
meet the earl marshal. On Friday the earl passed over to Calais ; Mulso
and RickhUl accompanied him in another ship, RickhiU kno-wing nothing
of what was to be his business. However, at the hour of vespers that day
the earl delivered to him the king's commission for examining the duke of
Gloucester. The judge objected that the duke was dead, as it was uni
versally beUeved in England ; but on the Saturday moming he was admitted
to Gloucester's presence, whom he found well, and in sound mind. He
had the precaution to insist upon -witnesses to aU that passed, and advised
the duke to retum his answer in writing, and to keep a copy. The duke
delivered his answer after the dinner hour the same day, requesting Riok
hill to return the next mormng, in case he should have remembered any
thing more to add to his defence. On Sunday morning admission to the
castle was refused, and the earl, to whom RickhiU had complained, inti
mated to him that he would not be allowed to see the duke again. On
Tuesday, Sept. llth, Rickhill was ready to return to England, and before
sailing sent a message to the duke, explaining that he had endeavoured
to return to him, but had not been permitted: and on Sunday, 16th, the
day before parliament met, he presented to the king Gloucester's confes
sion. (Rot. Pari. in. 379, 430-432.) The day of the unfortunate duke's
death we do not know, nor what instructions had been given to the earl
marshal, besides delivering the commission to RickhiU. On some day
about this time he was smothered with a feather-bed, according to the
confession of John Hall, in Pari. 1 Hen. IV. who, for his share in the mur
der, was executed 17th Oct, 1399, 1 Hen. IV. (Rot. Pari. ui. 452, 453.)
However, on Sept. 21st, 1397, a warrant was sent to the earl marshal
captain of Calais for bringing Gloucester before parUament for his exami
nation, and on the 24th came the earl's answer, reporting that Gloucester
was dead. (Rot. Pari. in. 377, 378; Rymer, viu. 15, 17.) On Oct, 6th,
1397, Richard directed prayers to be said for his uncle's soul, because he
had confessed before his death. (Rymer, viu. 19; Rot, Pari. iu. 409.)
Line 10. a long and large hous of tymber in the paleis at Westmynstre. —
" In the year 1397, the great haU at Westminster, being out of reparations,
and therefore new buUded by Richard II. : he, having occasion to hold a
parUament, caused a large house to be buUded in the midst of the palace

NOTES. 159
court, betwixt the clock-tower and the gate of the old great hall. This
house was very large and long, made of timber, covered with tiles, open
on both sides and at both ends, that aU men might see and hear what was
both said and done. The king's archers, in number 4,000 Cheshire men,
compassed the house about -with their bows bent and arrows notched in
their hands, always ready to shoot. They had bouch of court (to wit,
meat and drink), and great wages of 6d. by the day. The old great hall
being new builded, parUaments were again there kept as before, namely,
one in the year 1399 for deposing Richard II." (Strype's Stowe's Survey,
n. bk. vi. 49.)
Line 17. the whiche . . . . — " Sone afterward turned the king to grete
losse, shame, hindering, and his utterly undoyng and destruccione." (Rawl.
173.) The rapacity and violence of these Cheshire guards at this par
liament were made the 5th article against Richard at his deposition. (Rot.
Pari., Knyghton, Tyrrell, Rapin.)
Line 18. so evir procurid. — In this parUament, which commenced
Sept. 17th, the parliamentary commission of fourteen, constituted in the
10 Ric. H. was declared illegal, and those concerned in it were pronounced
traitors ; the opinion of the judges at Nottingham on the commission was
confirmed; the judgment against M. de la Pole reversed; the Acts of 10
and 11 Ric, II. annuUed. (Rot. Pari., Stat. Realm.)
Ijine 21, the chartris of pardoun, and .... the pardoun . ... to the erlle
of Arundelle. — The general pardon extorted bythe appellants was revoked
(Rot. Pari. iii. 350), and a special pardon granted to the earl of Arundel,
dated Windsor, AprU 30, 1394, 17 Ric. II. (351.)
Line 24. Also atte supplicacion. — The Commons petitioned for the
royal pardon to be extended to the foUo-wing members of the late commis
sion: — Duke of York, bishop of Winchester, Richard Scrope, who were
then alive ; WiUiam archbishop of Canterbury, Alexander late archbishop
of York, the bishop of Exeter, and Nicholas abbot of Waltham, who were
dead. Also for a pardon to the earls of Derby and Nottingham, because
they had deserted from thejduke of Gloucester as soon as they became

160 NOTES.
aware of his treason, and came honourably to the king. (Rot. Pari,
iU. 353.) The chief articles exhibited against Gloucester and the others
were, the commission, the assembly at Haringay, death of Burley and
proceedings in the parUament of 11 Ric. IL, and having at Huntingdon, the
Thursday after the feast of saint Nicolas, Dec. 12th, 1387, in the llth
year, purposed the dethroning of the king. Nottingham and Derby may
have come to the king with some tale of Gloucester's ambition; but when
Gloucester, in the parUament of Feb, 1388, 11 Ric. H. complained to the
king that he had been accused of aspiring to the throne, Richard said
he disbeUeved it.
Page 10, line 23. Thanne on saint Matthewej day. — Sept. 21st. In the
" Antient Kalendars and Inventories of the Treasury of Exchequer " (Sir
F. Palgrave), iU. 303-7, is an inventory of goods and chattels belonging
to this earl delivered into the treasury by the sheriff of Shropshire. Also
(p. 307) a privy seal directing treasurer and chamberlain to deliver the
armour of this earl, with the armour of the duke of Gloucester and earl of
Warwick, to the keeper of the king's armour in the Tower of London.
Last line, ser Richard erl of Warwick. — Thomas Beauchamp (not
Richard), The earl of Warwick's plea before the parliament, as given
p. 11, certainly seems to countenance the relation of the " Chronique de
la Traison " about the conspiracy at Arundel : the abbot of St. Alban's and
prior of Westminster, as has been already stated, were chief movers in
that conspiracy.
Page 11, line 10. Yle of Mann. — The Pell Issue RoU of Exchequer
contains payment to William le Scrope earl of Wiltshire, treasurer of
England, for charges incurred in conducting Thomas late earl of Warwick
to the Isle of Man, and for his support there. (Easter, 22 Ric. II.)
Line 19. he was exilid for euer. — On the 20th September the Commons
petitioned that Thomas Arundel, archbishop of Canterbury, might be
brought to trial, since he had, while chanceUor, advised the commission
(10 R. II.); had abetted the insurrection of Gloucester (11 R. II.) ; and the'
death of Burley and other faithful subjects. The archbishop would have

NOTES. 161
answered, but the king sUenced him, desiring time to consider. On the
25th the Commons prayed for judgment, when the king replied that the
archbishop had put himself under his^race. His judgment, therefore, \vas
exUe, and confiscation of his temporalties. He was to leave England from
Dover -within six weeks from St. Michael's Eve. (Rot. Pari. iii. 351 ; Stowe,
316.) Richard's conduct to the archbishop formed the thirty-third and
last article at his deposition. He is charged on all sides with treachery to
Arundel : there it is said that, after the archbishop's impeachment by sir
John Bussy, he was persuaded by the king to reserve his defence ; that for
five days the king deceived him, begging him not to come to the par
liament, but to remain at home, assuring him that he should receive no
injury; that in these circumstances, during his absence, the archbishop
had been exiled, and his goods confiscated; that the jewels of his chapel
had been appropriated by the king, who had possession of them, as was
pretended, to prevent their being seized ; that the king had promised that
if obliged to go into exile he should be recalled at Easter, and that he
should not lose his archbishopriok. (Knyghton, Rot. Pari.) Stowe says
(316) that the king sent the bishop of Carlisle to forbid Arundel coming
to parliament. Arrangements were made for seizing the property of the
archbishop, Gloucester, Arundel, and Warwick, also for arresting their
horses, (Issue RoU, Mich, 21 Ric. IT.)
Line 32. Thanne the archbisshoppe took his leve. — For his farewell, see
Appendix, p. 132.
Line 12. Coumpromitte into xij. diuers persone^ continuyng the said
parlement. — The "great parUament" was adjourned on Sept, 29th, on
which day the creation of peers had taken place. It met again at Shrews
bury, Jan. 28th, 1398, 21 Ric. IL, and was dissolved on Jan. Slst, on which
day the authority of parliament was given to 18 commissioners for answer
ing petitions still undetermined; 12 peers or 6 fef them, 6 commoners or
3 of them. The attempt to repeal any of the statutes made in this parlia
ment was pronounced treason, and the king granted a general pardon in
consideration of a subsidy for life. (Rot, Pari. Stat. Realm, ii, 95-107,
110.) The commission thus constituted proceeded, with the connivance
of RicJhard, to further business derogatory to the power of parliament. The
CAMD. SOC. T

162 NOTES.
Sth article of deposition charges Richard with this, and with having blotted
and altered the rolls of parliament to countenance this dangerous prece
dent. (Knyghton, Rot. Pari.)
Line 28. drede of men of Londoun and of xvij. shiris. — Vast sums of
money were extorted from these counties, on account of their having been
inclined to rise with Gloucester and Arundel. The king threatened to
treat them as an enemy's country, unless the lords temporal and the clergy
and people of those counties bought his "good grace." The sums of
redemption were caUed "Le pleasaunce." (Wals. 357; Upod. Neus. 553;
Otterb. 199.)
Page 13, line 10. the duke of Lancastre tolde it to the king. — On
Wednesday, Jan. 30th, the duke of Hereford exhibited to the king, in the
parUament at Shrewsbury, a schedule containing an account of a conver
sation which had passed between the duke of Norfolk and himself in De
cember last; written out in obedience to the king's command, when he
had previously accused Norfolk before the king at Haywood. The par
liamentary commissioners just constituted were referred to, and the dukes
were ordered to appear before the king at Oswestry on Feb. 23; they
were then put off till April 2Sth, and, as no cfearer evidence of treason on
either side appeared likely to be discovered, it was resolved, as agreed in
such a case on March 19th, that they should have the trial by combat at
Coventry Sept. 16th, Such is the account on the Rolls. (Ui. 382, 383.)
On the Issue Roll are payments to messengers and couriers for making pro
clamation for bishops, barons, knights, and esquires to assemble in aU
haste at Coventry to witness the duel. (Easter, 21 Ric. II.)
Line 23. made him swere that he sholde not speke with maister Thomas
Arundelle. — Both dukes were forbidden to communicate with each other,
or with archbishop Arundel. (Rot. Pari, iu, 383,) Letters of passage
were made out for them on Oct. 3d (Rymer), and they were to be out of
the kingdom before the octaves of St. Edward the Confessor. (Rot, Pari.
Ui. 383.)
Line 29, hlanc chartris. — These extraordinary powers were extorted

NOTES. 163
from the city of London and the seventeen counties as a further act of op
pression. (Wals. 357; Upod. 553; Otterb, 200,) They are called "Rag-
mans" on the roUs, and were annuUed 1 Hen. IV. (Rot. Pari. iii. 426,
432.) Page 14, line 14, an egle of gold. — The sacred oil so inclosed was given
by the Virgin Mary to archbishop Becket to be kept while he was in exile,
to comfort him with the knowledge that its virtues should dispose future
kings of England to defend all the rights of the Church. After this it was
lost for a time, and then discovered by miracle to a holy man, who gave it
to the first duke of Lancaster; by him it was given to Edward the Black
Prince, that he might be anointed with it on the death of his father
Edward III. The prince deposited it in the Tower, where it remained for
gotten or unheeded tiU Richard II. obtained possession of it. Richard
carried it over to Ireland with him, with many of the crown jewels ; and
he was obliged to deliver it up to the archbishop of Canterbury, when just
before his deposition he was a prisoner at Chester. This oil was used at
the coronation of Henry IV. (Wals. 360, 361.)
Line 28. Thanne made the king his testament. — Richard's will is printed
in Rymer, viii. 75-77, apparently from an imperfect copy. Another copy
is printed in Nichols's Collection of Royal WiUs (1780), 191-201, from the
original in the Chapter-house, Westminster. It bears date April 16, 1399,
22 Ric. II. There are ample directions for the royal funeral, foUowed by
certain bequests and legacies. The residue of his estate, after payment of
just debts, was to go to his successor, provided he confirmed the proceed
ings of parliament in the 21st and 22d years of his reign; so anxious was
Eichard to render lasting these late acts. The wUl was opened, and the
clause binding his successor to the late acts at Westminster, Shrewsbury,
and Coventry, "full grievous to the realm," formed the 31st article against
him at his deposition (Knyghton, Rot, Parl.j, Rapin) ; and this not
withstanding a permission given by parliament, 16 R. II. , to the king freely
to make his will, with the assurance of a due execution of it. (Rot. Pari.
ui. 301.) Richard had also procured a papal buU to perpetuate the acts
of the 21st and 22d years, and had caused the clergy and people to take
oaths to support them. (Lowth's Life of Wickham, 260, &c.)

164 NOTES.
Line 32. he wente forth into Yrlond. — Richard embarked on this fatal
journey on May 29th from Milford Haven, and landed at Waterford on the
Slst. He was accompanied by the dukes of Aumarle, Exeter, and many
other nobles ; the abbot of Westminster and several bishops and clergy ;
and with a vast body of his Cheshire guards. When they were gone
England had time to think of her grievances.
Page 15, line 8. and landid at Ravenesporne. — On July 4th, when
Richard had been five weeks in Ireland, He. was accompanied by arch
bishop Arundel, Thomas Fitz-Alan, who had been arrested with his
father the earl of Arundel, lord Cobham, and others. Upon landing he
was joined by the earl of Northumberland, with his son Hotspur, the earl
of Westmerland, &c,; he soon had an army of 60,000 men, and advanc
ing to London was received with acclamation. He then marched to
Bristol, to follow Richard's partisans, who intended to escape into Ire
land to join him. At Bristol the treasurer Scrope, and Bussy and Green,
members of the council, were beheaded on July 29th; Bagot had taken
a different line, and fled to Chester. From this place he escaped into
Ireland, and was the first to bring the news of the revolution to Richard.
(Tyrrell, iii. 997.) This was probably at the beginning of August or the
end of July. Stormy weather had prevented vessels passing over to Ire
land before that " one ship " which brought the evU tidings. (Creton.)
Creton, however, says that the king remained more than eighteen days in
Ireland after he heard the news (75, &c,) : the " Chronique," that he
directly prepared himself to pass over to England. (180.)
Line 13. The duke of York that was lieutenant of Engelond. — Upon
hearing of Henry's landing the duke had ordered sheriffs of counties to
coUect troops at St. Alban's, where 60,000 archers and many thousand
lancers were mustered, according to the author of the " Chronique," (184.)
Instead, however, of advancing to meet Henry he marched to Oxford, and
thence to Berkeley castle, Gloucestershire, which he reached about the
time that Henry, whose movements were rapid, entered Evesham, Worces
tershire, Henry foUowed the duke, and they met in conference in the
church at Berkeley on Sunday, 27th July, where they came to an agree
ment with regard to what should follow in relation to Richard, They

NOTES. 165
then went do-wn to Bristol, where the castle surrendered to the duke of
York, and the executions above mentioned took place, York was left with
forces at Bristol and Henry marched northward to Chester: no doubt
that both entrances into England might be secured.
Line 26. Whanne kyng Richard herde telle alle this. — Richard arrived
at MUford Haven on Aug. 13th (" Cronique de la Traison," 194.) There
accompanied him the dukes of Aumarle, Exeter, and Surrey, the earl of
Worcester, -with other lord«i the bishops of London, Lincoln, and Carlisle,
The earl of Salisbury had sailed before the king, and landed at Conway for
the purpose of gathering troops in North Wales and Cheshire. Richard
could travel fast as well as Henry of Lancaster ; and, in the dress of a friar
(Creton,) at midnight, immediately after his landing, he rode off from the
army in company with Exeter, Surrey, and the earl of Gloucester, and
others, to the number of fourteen, to join Salisbury at Conway. On arriving
they found his armj' disbanded. Richard then sent Exeter and Surrey to
Henry to demand his intentions, and to act as they could for the best. The
king himself having first crossed to Beaumaris Castle went westward to
Caernarvon, but without finding money or men, or indeed food. Otterbourne
says the king fled from castle to castle, among those along the coast of North
Wales, (207,) He then -waited for the return of his messengers at Conway.
Line 30. ser Thomas Percy, stiward of the kyngis hous. — He had been
created earl of Worcester, 21 Ric. II. Upon discovery of the king's flight
from Milford Haven, the duke of Aumarle and earl of Worcester declared
for Henry, and the army immediately broke up. It was at Milford, no
doubt, the earl broke his staff of office. (Comp, Wals, 358.) Creton
mentions sir Thomas Percy as coming to the king at the castle of Flint, in
company with Henry and archbishop Arundel ; and Percy, at that time,
wore the Uvery of duke Henry (the coUar of Esses) and not the Hart.
(Ai-chsol. XX. 158.) The ceremony of breaking the staff would have
been superfluous when he wore Henry's livery. It may be observed, that
our EngUsh compiler has altered the locaUty here from Conway to Flint;
the Eulogium has Conway : also, that he has added the king's exclamation.
Page 16, Une 11, the duke and maister Thomas Arundel— The Eu-

166 NOTES.
logium places this interview at Conway ; the EngUsh compUer has altered
it to Flint, more happily than in the last instance. Upon recei-ving
Richard's messengers, Henry sent the earl of Northumberland from
Chester to Conway to obtain possession of his person. The earl had with
him 400 lances and 1000 archers; on his way he took possession of Flint
and Rhuddlan castles, and halted his troops in a place concealed by the
rocks on the road half-way between Rhuddlan and Conway. He then,
with five attendants, rode on by the sea-side to Conway Castle. Admis
sion was granted, as he appeared to be the bearer of the duke's answer to
Richard's message. The articles proposed by Henry seemed favourable,
and the king agreed to accompany the earl to FUnt to a conference with
the duke of Lancaster. Northumberland's stratagem succeeded, and on
the evening of August 18th Richard found himself a prisoner in FUnt
castle. Page 17, line 3, saide' he wolde resigne. — The king's resignation was at
Flint. Mr. Webb (note, Archseol. xx. 139) remarks, that there may have
been a design in placing Richard's resignation at Conway (as Wals, Eu
logium; Rot. Pari, 1 Hen, IV.), since then he was at Uberty, which he was
not from the moment he entered Flint castle. Though Richard became a
prisoner half-way between Conway and Rhuddlan, his arrest is said to
have taken place at Flint. (Rot. Pari. v. 463, &c.) Richard was taken
to Chester. From thence a proclamation was made by the king, evidently
under constraint, dated August 20th, Chester (Rymer, viU. 84), in favour
of the duke of Lancaster. On the third day, Henry, with the royal
captive, began his march to London. The first night they slept at Nant
wich, the second at Newcastle-under-Lyne, the fourth at Lichfield, when
the king nearly effected his escape. On the last of the month the king
seems to have slept at Westminster ; the next day he was removed to the
securer confinement ofthe ToAver. (See Stowe, 322, 323.)
Line 6. And aftirward, in the vigile of saint Mighelle. — The rolls of par
liament, however, place Richard's resignation, the promise of which he
was said to have given at Conway, on Monday, Sept. 29th, in presence of
the duke of Lancaster, lords de Roos, de Wiloghby, Bergavenny, &o.
(iii, 416, 417.)

NOTES. 167
Line 26. Aftir this the duke wente to Westmynstre. — On Tuesday, the
feast of St, Jerome, Sept, 30th, the parliament met in Richard's name.
Richard's resignation, read in Latin and EngUsh, was accepted: thirty-
three articles were exhibited against him, to show how he had broken his
coronation oath. After this the sentence of deposition was pronounced by
eight representatives of the different grades of the nation ; by the bishop
of St. Asaph for the archbishops and bishops ; abbot of Glastonbury for
abbots and priors, and the clergy generally ; earl of Gloucester for dukes
and earls; lord Berkeley for barons and bannerets; sir Thomas de
Erpingham and Thomas Grey for the bachelors and commons; sir John
Markham and WiUiam Thirnyng for the judges. (Rot. Pari. iii. 417, 422)
Line 30. he sate doun in his fader sete. — He took his seat as duke of
Lancaster. The " Eulogium " mentions the presence of the bishop of
Carlisle, Thomas Merks, but says nothing of his speech in favour of
Richard: " Ponebat se in sede patris sui juxta episcopum Carlioli." The
" Chronique de la Traison" gives the bishop's protest; and, if it is the
chief authority for it, we must be cautious, as Mr. WiUiams observes, in
rejecting the testimony of a contemporary. Creton, however (Archajol.
XX.), says that Richard's partisans dared not say a word in his favour.
Page 18, Une 7. dampned the said hing Richard to perpetuelle prisoun. —
This is misplaced. In the parliament which commenced Oct. 6th, 1 Hen. IV.
a question was asked by the archbishop of Canterbury, on the part of the
king, on Thursday Oct. 23rd, what was to be done -with Richard, " sau-
vant sa vie, quele le roi voet que luy soit sauvez en toutes maneres?" He
was to be safely guarded, it was replied, in some secret place, where none
of his old associates should have access to him. On the foUowing Monday,
Oct. 29th, Richard was sentenced to perpetual imprisonment, in manner
prescribed. (Rot. Pari.)
Line 9. hoio he descendid and cam doun lynealli of kyng Harri, the sone
of kyng Johan  See note on page 7, line 23, at p. 152.
Line 13. Thanne aroo'i, the archbisshoppis of Cauntirbury and of York. —
After Henry's claim, the archbishops led him to the throne; Arundel

168 NOTES.
made a sermon, " Vis dominabitur,'' &c. in Latin, which is on the Rolls,
Henry made a protest against being considered merely a conqueror of the
throne; and the coronation day was fixed for Oct. 13, the Translation of
St. Edward Confessor. On the day after these proceedings, Wednesday
Oct. 1st, a deputation went to Richard- in the Tower, and justice Thir
nyng, in a long speech, told him he was deposed. Richard answered that
he no longer looked for allegiance, " but he sayde that after all this he
hopyd that his cosyn wolde be a goode lord to hym." (Rot. Pari. iii.
423, 424.)
Line 16. colacion, — A discourse, sermon. This colacion is in Knygh
ton, Rot. Pari., Fabyan, &c.
Page 19, line 21. made ser Roger Waldenne .... bisshop of London. —
Walden had descended from his archbishopric on Henry's accession, and
on Oct. 30th the duke of York and earl of Northumberland prayed that
Arundel might be enabled to recover damages from him. Walden was a
learned man. He became secretary to Richard II. , dean of York, trea
surer of Calais, treasurer of England, archbishop of Canterbury, and
remained primate for two years: he was made bishop of London, after
being without a bishopric, on Dec. 10th, 1404 (not as in text). He died
within a year of his appointment. (God-win's Catalogue of Bishops.)
Page 20, line 6. cam thider vnto him the duke of Aumarle. — The date in
the text is too late. On Jan, 5th, the sheriffs of London were enjoined to
seize the person of Thomas earl of Kent, John earl of Huntingdon, or any
of their adherents ; on the 6th, letters were sent to Peter Courtney, captain
of Calais, empowering him to arrest any of the insurgents who might
attempt to land at Calais or on the coast of Picardy. (Rymer, -vdU, 120.)
According to the interesting narrative of the " Chronique," Aumarle was
dining with his father, the duke of York, on Sunday Jan. 3rd, when he
received a letter from the conspirators, whioh the duke desired to see. As
soon as he discovered the contents, York cried, " Saddle the horses directly.
Heyl thou traitor thief! thou hast been traitor to king Eichard, and wUt
thou be false to thy cousin Henry? Thou knowest I am thy pledge-
borrow, body for body. By St. George! I had rather thou shouldst be

NOTES. 169
hung than I ! " He rode off for Windsor with his son's letter ; and the
son, seeing his only course, passed the duke, who was " heavy,'' on the
road, and arriving first disclosed the conspiracy. (Chronique, 233, &c.)
According to Creton, Aumarle voluntarily showed the letter to the duke
of York, who sent him on to the king. (Archteol. xx. 211.) The " Eulo
gium " gives only the story which foUows in the text. Holinshed has
followed the " Chronique;" Stowe, Creton.*
Line 27. the kyng .... rood . ... to Londoun. — Immediately upon the
arrival of the duke of York with the letter confirming what the king had
heard from his son. On his way he was met by the mayor, hastening to
warn him that the lords had taken the field with 6,000 men. A procla
mation-was issued caUing upon faithfal subjects to join the king's standard,
and by the next morning, Jan, Sth, 16,000 men were paid and ready.
(Chronique.) Page 21, Une 3. But as sone as the said lorde^, &c. — On the evening of
Jan. 4th the insurgents, with 400 men, entered Windsor Ca.stle, and,
finding the king had escaped, withdrew to Sunning, near Reading, where
they persuaded the queen that Richard had escaped from Pontefract. The
" Chronique " relates a skirmish between the king's troops and the insur
gents at Maidenhead Bridge, with a threat of Henry to put Richard to
death if he found him among the rebels. However, on the night of
Jan. Gth they were at Cirencester, having passed through Wallingford,
Abingdon, Farringdon ; they said by the way that Richard had escaped, and
had dressed up Maudelain to personify him. Creton says he was exactly
like king Richard. It surely must have been after the interview with the
queen: she would not have consented to such deception. At Cirencester
the lords were attacked by the mayor and townspeople, in obedience to
the king's writ just received: the " Chronique " says at the instance of an
archer of king Henry's — perhaps the royal messehger. Kent and Salis
bury were beheaded ; the earl of Huntingdon, lord Despencer, and Maude-
" Oreton's narrative of the revolution by Henry of Lancaster and the deposition of
Kichard, &c. has been translated, with plentiful notes and historical excursuses, by Rev.
John Webb, in Archocologia, xx. Creton was an ardent admirer of Richard; he tells us
he loved the king because he dearly loved the French.
CAMD. SOC. Z

170 NOTES.
lain set fire to some houses in hope of diverting attention from themselves,
and escaped, (Creton, Otterb,, Stowe.)
Line 15. At Oxenforde. — These executions, with others to the number
of twenty-six, took place at Oxford on Jan. llth. (Stowe, 325.)
Line 17. at Pritwelle, in Essex, &c. — In Rymer (vui. 120) is an order
to the constable of the Tower for confining John earl of Huntingdon: he
does not, however, appear to have been received there, but to have been
captured in his flight, at the house of " John Pritewelle of PrittleweU," in
Essex, by order of the countess of Hereford, and to have been executed at
Pleshy by her command. (Chronique de la Traison, 252, and App. A,
269.) Line 22. at Bristowe, &c. — Lord Despencer had fled to Cardiff Castle,
which was his property, and intended to escape beyond sea. He embarked
in a vessel, but the sailors had been bribed, or were aware of the value
that would be set upon him, and he was carried, in spite of entreaties, to
Bristol, where he was immediately executed. (Evesham, 166, 167.)
Line 25. Whanne kyng Richard herde alle this. — See Suppl. Add, The
" Eulogium " states that this insurrection was in obedience to Richard's
commands given at Conway. At that time the king had no idea of being
deposed, and it is scarcely likely that he would have planned a revolution
on a probability. He had no opportunity at Flint. It was an advantage
to the lords to be considered as acting for the king; and we must remem
ber that they had all been degraded (Rot. Pari. iii. 452), had gained
nothing, and lost much by Henry's accession. The use of Richard's name
had enabled them to send to the king of France for assistance. (Rymer,
viii. 165.)
Line 27. for sorow and hunger he died in the castle of Pountfret. — This
English chronicle from the "Eulogium" is one more authority for the story
of Richard's voluntary starvation. Walsingham (363), Evesham (169),
Otterb. (228), Hist. Croyland Continuatio (Gale, i, 495), have given this
version of his death. Creton, the former page of Richard, gives it as the

NOTES. 171
general report, but believes that he is still alive. (ArchKol. xx. 219.)
Yet a few passages on he proves that he was by no means certain of it.
It is to be regretted that this chronide throws no new Ught upon the con
troversy respecting the fate of Richard ; but it shows very clearly the
general uncertainty ahd excitement which prevailed on the subject, (See
pp. 23-26, &c.; Appendix, 135, 136.)
Last line, buried at Langley. — Stowe, following Walsingham no doubt,
places Richard's death on Feb. 14th, It may have been a few days later.
(See Acts of Council, 1 H. IV. 1400, and sir H. Nicolas's remarks.) The
body of Eichard — or, as Creton thought, of Maudelain, Eichard's chaplain —
had been exhibited at St, Paul's on March 12th. (Chronique, 261.)
The funeral services were performed at St. Paul's in the presence of the
king and people, and the body was then carried to Langley to be buried in
the church of the Preaching Friars. There the office was performed by
the bishop of Chester, the abbot of St. Alban's, and the abbot of Waltham,
" sine magnatum prsesentia, sine populari turb§,, nee erat qui eos invitaret ad
prandium post laborem (!) " Wals, (364), Otterb. (229).
Page 22, Une 2. ser Johan Maudeleyn. — Maudelain, Eichard's chap
lain, certainly suffered death before the end of January, probably before
the month was drawing to a close.
Line 5. none ascapid, saue onli ser Roger Waldenne. — Walden and
Thomas Merks, bishop of CarUsle, were committed to the Tower on Jan.
10 (Eymer, viu, 121); but Walden was soon liberated, -with the abbot of
Westminster, as they could satisfactorily refute the charges of being con
cerned in the conspiracy. (Otterb. 228.) Merks, upon Henrys acces
sion, had been committed a prisoner to the abbey of St. Alban's, and was
pardoned upon being deprived of his bishopric in November, by being
translated to the isle of Samos (Godwin), After the Kingston insurrection
he remained incarcerated untU Jan. 26th, 1401, when he was committed to
the Marshalsea; but, upon strength of a pardon granted him Nov. 28, 1400
(Rymer, vui. 165), was soon set at liberty. He retired to his own monastery
of Westminster (Evesh,), and in 1404 was presented by the abbot and
convent to the rectory of Todenham, Gloucestershire. (Carte, ii. 648.)

172 NOTES.
Line 6. quene Ysabelle. — Immediately upon Henry's accession ambas
sadors had arrived from France, in Oct. 1399, demanding the restoration
of IsabeUa with her jewels, according to the marriage treaty. Henry
endeavoured to negotiate a marriage between IsabeUa and the prince of
Wales, or between any other of his children and Charles's children.
After many delays Isabella arrived at Boulogne, Aug. 1st, 1401. (Rymer;
Acts of Council.) Her dowry was not considered due, since she was
under 12 years of age; but the council decided that her jewels should go
with her. Many had been distributed among the royal children, (Acts
of Council, 134; Sir H, Nicolas's Preface.) Some of her valuables were
kept back, since in a treaty between Charies VI. and Henry V. the latter
was to pay a sum of money in lieu of the jewels detained. (Rapin, i.
523.) The passage of the royal suite to Boulogne and back cost 79?.
(Issue RoU, Easter, 3 Hen, IV.)
Line 11. erl of Dunbar. — George Dunbar, earl of March, in conse
quence of a private feud with Robert III. In Rymer is the indenture of
alliance, dated July 25th, 1400. The castle and lordship of Somerton,
Lincolnshire, were to be the earl's ; also the manor of Clippeston, Sher
wood Forest, for life. (viii. 153, 154.)
Line 14, Oweyn off Glendore. — Born May 28th, 1354, or, as some say,
1349. Holinshed relates the story of blood in his father's stables on the
night of his birth, which is in this chronicle told of Edmund Mortimer,
(See Speed.) He entered the Inns of Court and became a barrister. After
wards he entered the service of the earl of Arundel, and then of Richard II.
After his revolt he pretended to regal dignity, and made an alliance
-with the king of France. Glyndwr and lord Grey had had a law-suit
about a certain common in the time of Richard II., whioh lord Grey lost;
but upon the accession of Henry, trusting to his power at court, he seized
the common; hence the quarrel. (See Thomas's Memoir of Glyndwr.)
Line 21. emperour of Constantinople. — Manuel Palseologus crossed from
France in December, 1400. He was endeavouring to raise the Western
powers against Bajazet emperor of the Turks. He had before sent ambas
sadors to the courts of Europe, and Richard II. had made him a grant of

NOTES. 173
£2000, (Issue Roll, Easter, 21 Ric. IL) Henry IV. was just to him if not
generous, and paid what might have been considered as due from Richard.
(Mich, 2 Hen, IV.) The emperor was poor, and satisfied with one boat on
his way back to Calais, and Henry paid the hire, which was ten marks.
(Easter, 3 Hen, IV.) During his stay in England the emperor had mass
celebrated daily in his own house after the Greek ritual. (Eulogium.)
Line 26. the Walshmenne began to rebelle. — The national antipathy was
strong. When the bishop of St, Asaph intreated the parliament (1 Hen. IV.)
not altogether to despise Glyndwr, the answer he received, according to the
" Eulogium," was " se de scurris nudipedibus non curare ;" in our EngUsh
text, " they saide they set nou3t be him." Glyndwr had the right on his
side, but could find no redress from Henry's parliament. The laws of the
early part of this reign were not conciliatory towards the Welsh. By
stat. 2 Hen. IV, Jan, 1401, no person born in Wales of Welsh parentage
could purchase land or tenement in or near the cities in the Marches of
Wales : he could not henceforth receive the freedom of any city or borough.
All Welsh citizens were to produce security for their conduct : they were
not to be admitted to any municipal office, nor to wear armour in their
town or borough. (Stat, Realm, ii. 124.) No Welshman might purchase
land in England, &c. (129.) By stat. 4 Hen. IV,, Sept. 30, 1402, EngUsh
men could not be tried by a Welsh jury in Wales; minstrels, rhymers,
wasters, and other vagabonds, were condemned ; meetings were not allowed ;
no Welshman might carry arms : Welshmen were not to have castles ; the
fortresses were to be manned by English; even EngUshmen married to
Welshwomen were prohibited from bearing office in Wales or the Marches-
(140, 141.) Thomas (Memoir of Glyndwr) archly quotes this law as a
proof that the dreadful stories told by Otterbourne, and other English
writers, of the atrocities of the Welsh women must be calumnies.
Page 23, line 3. lord Grey wedde on of hi» doughtris. — According to
Dugdale this Reginald lord Grey married, 1. Margaret d. of William lord
Roos; 2. Joanna d, and heir of WiUiam lord Astley. (Bar. i. 717.)
Where also see his ransom. (Rymer, viU. 279 ; Otterb. 238.) According
to the Welsh writers he married Glynd-wr's daughter Jane. (Thomas's Me
moirs of Glyndwr, 51.) So also Carte, (ii. 654,) He was taken prisoner

174 NOTES
early in 1402. This chronicle is an independent authority for his having
married Glyndwr's daughter. The " Eulogium " is sUent on the point.
Page 24, line 31. lewde. — Unlearned, ignorant.
Line 31, the maister. — This Master of Divinity confessed that he had
been a rash interpreter of prophecy, and to that he attributed all his mis
fortunes. (Eulogium.) He meant, no doubt, the prophecy of MerUn.
Line 25. saw. — Relate, say.
Line 32. seche him in Scotland. — The account Henry TV. wished to be
beUeved of the pretended Richard in Scotland is evident from stat. 5 Hen. IV.
cap. 15, in which there are excluded from a general pardon "WiUiam
Serle, Thomas Warde de Trumpyngton qui se pretende et feigne d'estre
Roy Richard, et Amye Donet." (Stat. Realm, u. 148.) Part of the eari
of Cambridge's conspiracy in the 3 Hen. V. was said to have been the pur
posing to bring forward Thomas de Trumpyngton, an idiot, to personify
Richard II. (Rot. Pari, iv. 65.) According to the Scotch chronicler. Bower,
the continuer of Fordun, Richard escaped from Pontefract, and was recog
nised in the kitchen of Donald lord of the Isles by one who had formerly
been his jester. Donald presented him to Robert HI., who maintained
him in seclusion. After Robert's death, the duke of Albany, the regent,
became his patron. At last he died himself, in the castle of Stirling,
and was buried in the church there. (Bower, in Fordun, 1068, 1133.)
He wrote after 1441. (Lingard.) Wyntown, who wrote about 1420,
cannot explain how Richard escaped from Pontefract, but says he was
recognised by an Irish lady who had seen him in Ireland, in spite of his
altered appearance, &c,' (388, 389.) He mentions his living under the
knowledge of the duke of Albany, but no one was certain whether he had
been the king or no. Mr. Fraser Tytler's hypothesis of Richard's escape
to Scotland is discussed by Mr. Williams in his Introduction to the Chro
nique, p. lii. &c.
Page 26, line 1. seche king Richard in Walis. — So uncertain were the
reports about him. Reports of Richard being alive in Wales must tend

NOTES. 175
to weaken the credit which has been given to those of his having escaped
to Scotland, which the Scotch historians favoured. Richard was said to be
at Chester at the head of an army just before the open rebellion of the
Percies, Line 30. Edmund Mortymer  wedded on of Owene^ doustris.—
Edmund Mortimer's marriage with Glyndwr's daughter does not appear
by any means certain from the Welsh historians (see Thomas's Memoir of
Glyndwr, 52; also Carte, U. 658), yet English writers make no doubt of
it. Great confusion exists between this Edmund Mortimer, prisoner in
Wales, and his nephew, Edmund earl of March, son and heir of Roger,
who was killed in Ireland, 1398, 22 Ric. IL Edmund eari of March and
his brother Roger were confined in Windsor Castle on Henry's accession.
On Feb. 14, 1405, lady Despencer, widow of lord Despencer, late earl of
Gloucester, procured their liberation by means of false keys, and hurried
them off to join Glynd-wr, but they were quickly retaken, and remained
captives. Edmund Mortimer, uncle to Edmund earl of March, was taken
prisoner by Owen, June 1402, perhaps married his daughter, and espoused
his cause about the end of the same year. Henry would not allow him
to be ransomed ; lord Grey's imprisonment he bore less quietly.
Page 29, Une 7 and note. — The origin of the date in the " Chronicle "
appears to be the foUowing verses quoted inthe "Eulogium:" — "De quo
quidem conffictu quidam metrice sic scripsit:
"Anno milleno, quater et centesimo, bino,
Bellum Salopie fuit in Mag. nocte Marie."
Hardyng was in the battle, and gives the true date. The real cause of
the rebellion of the Percies is no doubt correctly given by our author
(page 27, line 12). In their defiance of Henry (Hardyng, Hall, Grafton,
Hered, Right) they proclaim their intention ©f restoring the throne to
the right line — to the earl of March; also that their former support of
Henry was in consequence of his oath to them at Doncaster, that he only
intended to recover his rights, nothing in prejudice of Richard II. ; that,
nevertheless, he had starved him to death, keeping him fifteen days and
nights without food ; that he had refused to allow the ransom of Edmund

176 NOTES.
Mortimer. In spite of this declaration of Richard's death, they had taken
advantage of the popular beUef to raise the larger forces in Cheshire (page
28), and their use of the badge of the hart shows that they wished to
appear engaged in a disinterested quarrel. In the "Acts of Privy CouncU"
are some very interesting letters from the Percies, dating from AprU 10,
1401, to June 26, 1403, less than four weeks before the rebellion. In
these letters they demand payment for their guardianship of the east and
west marches — the king underrates the importance of the marches — should
anything happen, which God forbid, it would not be their fault — their
personal property was spent in paying the king's debt, and they could not
bear the continual demands the soldiers were making upon them: the last
letter is a strong demaiid for payment from the earl. The " Issue Roll "
contains the payment of a few small sums to the earl and Hotspur during
this time. The rebellion came very suddenly upon the king. A letter
to the council from Higham Ferrers (co. Northamp.), July 10th, shows that
he was ignorant of any threatened rebellion — he was going " vers le parties
d'Escoce  pour je donner aide et confort a noz trescheres et foialx
cousins le conte de Northumb. et Henry son filz . . . contre les Escotz
noz enemys." From Burton-on-Trent he -w-rites, July 17th, that he has
just heard that Henry Percy calls him nothing but " Henry of Lancaster,"
and has made proclamation in Cheshire that Richard is alive. Four days
more and the battle was ended. Henry's frequent promises, -without any
chance of fulfilinent, exasperated the Percies.
Line 15. so he cam to the parlement. — To throw suspicion from himself,
the earl had agreed in August, at Pontefract, to surrender his castles to
the king. (Nicolas's Privy Council, i. 211.) He submitted himself to
the king at York: and on Wednesday, February 5th, urged that submis
sion before pari. 5 Hen. IV. 1404, and again on Feb. 7th ; when the lords
gave judgment that he had only been guilty of a trespass, and therefore
must submit to a fine. He then exonerated the duke of York, archbishop
of Canterbury, and other suspected persons, from being concemed in the
rebeUion. (Rot. Pari, iU. 524.)
Line 29. dame Blaunche. — To Master John Chaundeler, clerk, ap
pointed treasurer to Blanch. In money paid to him by Richard Clifford,

NOTES. 177
clerk, junior, for 10 cloths of gold and other merchandise purchased of
Richard WUlington, citizen and merchant of London, 2151. 13s. id.; and
by Wm. Cromer, clothier, of the said city, 380?. for apparel and parapher
nalia of the said Blanche, in her voyage to Cologne to be married to the
son of the king of the Romans. By writ, &c. 595?. 13s. id. (Devon's
Issue RoU, Easter, 3 Hen. IV.) On May 15 the king wrote to the council
from Berkhamstead, complaining that the money assigned for the expenses
to be incurred on his daughter's passage had been paid in another di
rection ; he begs it may be refunded, for he can stand no expenses him
self (Acts of Council.) Nor were preparations for his own marriage
very Uberal. On Dec. 9, 1402, Henry Beaufort, bishop of Lincoln, who,
-with the escort appointed to meet Joanna of Navarre, was waiting in Ply
mouth harbour, wrote to the king from thence, complaining of the non
payment of the wages of the mariners and soldiers. (Acts of Council, i.
189.) Line 31. Richard Clifford. — At this time bishop of Worcester: trans
lated to London Oct. 13, 1407. In 1414 he was at the Council of Con
stance, when he preached in Latin before the emperor. He was among
the thirty persons added to the electing body of cardinals on this occa
sion, and nominated cardinal Colonna for the papacy, who was elected
under the title of Martin V. Clifford died Aug, 20, 1421. (Gibson's
Catalogue, 200.)
Page 30, Une 1. duke^ son of Beyre. — Lewis, surnamed Barbatus, son
and heir of Rupert or Robert, emperor of Germany, count palatine of the
Rhine, and duke of Bavaria.
Line 6, yle of Cagent. — Cadsand, Holland. Carrake}, oarrack, a large
merchant vessel. Jene, Genoa.
Line 18. the Camer beside Wynchilse.— Ca.m'her, now caUed Rye, har
bour. The sea formerly washed below the foot of Camber Castle, now a mile
or more inland. The outline of this coast is much altered. From stat. 2 and
3 Ed. VI. cap. 30, 1548, we find that the old harbour could contain 200
or 400 saU of ships, ... and being there, might not only issue out at
aU times to encounter their enemies, but also in times of stormy winds
CAMD. SOC. 2 A

178 NOTES.
might have had rescue and good harbour, to the great safeguard of the
king's ships and merchants passing to and fro upon the narrow seas ; yet
now, not only the said harbour and road called the Camber, but also all
the " inne creekes nere unto Rye and Wynchelsey," partly by occasion of
casting ballast into the same harbour and creeks, and partly " bycause
dyvers mershes inned take in no water to scower the channell, but lett
oute the freshe water at guttes, so that the channell there is so choked,
swared, and fyllyd uppe," that not more than thirty or forty vessels can
lie there without danger. (Stat. Realm, iv. 72.) In spite of precaution
the harbour became choked, and a new one was made in 1726, which also
became useless. The new harbour is neariy on the site of the old.
(Haydn's Die.)
Line 9. canted. — Sold by auction.
Line 12. Johan Serle. — William, not John, Serle; he was present at
the murder of Gloucester (Rot. Pari, iii, 453); and was excepted out of a
general pardon, Jan. 5, Hen, IV. 1404 (544).
Line 29. like to king Richard, but it was not he. — Cum adhuc non
quievit rumor ille de vitS, ejus, semper Scoti iUum rumorem auxerunt.
(Eulogium.) Page 31, Une 11. the cause of the said risyng. — Probably much as
given here : lord Mowbray had been deprived of his hereditary office of
eari marshal, and the earl of Northumberland of the guardianship ofthe
Marches : the earl of Westmerland had stepped into both. Henry IV.
-ivas at Worcester when suspicion was first aroused by a letter from the
council. They -wrote that they had heard from John of Lancaster, the
king's son, that lord Bardolf, who had been ordered to join the king in
the Welsh marches, had taken himself off to the North. They had des
patched chief justice Gascoigne and lord Roos to the North to frustrate
any evU that might arise. And, as they knew the king was poor, they
sent him 1000 marks. (Acts of Council.) On the 2Sth May the king
acquainted them from Derby of the truth of the insurrection, and bids
them hasten to Pontefract with all the followers they can collect. On

NOTES. 179
July 2nd the king wrote, relating his success, from Warkworth Castle,
which, formerly belonging to the earl of Northumberland, had surrendered
to him the day before. He was about to attack Alnwick. (Acts of
Council.) Page 33, line 6. beheddid withoute the cite of York. — See Appendix.
Clement Maydestone gives a different account of the archbishop's execu
tion, (See the Abps. Articles, &c., and Martyrdom, Anglia Sacra,
U, 369-372; Cotton, MS. Vesp, E vn, f. 94-101; Foxe's Acts and
Monuments,) The concluding words of the archbishop given in the text
are not in the " Eulogium."
Line 17. many grete miracles — Usque hodie mirabUiter operatur.
(Eulogium; see AngUa Sacra, ii. 371-2.) The last sentence of the
" Eulogium " gives an account of the success of a prayer to St. Richard
(Scrope), in stopping a fire which had broken out in a belfry near York.
Line 27. the pope answerde. — It is to be feared that our English com
pUer was himself the author of this answer. It is not in the " Eulogium,"
Whether the king was given to witticisms we need not inquire.
Page 34, line 3. dame Luce . . . weddid . . . ser Edmund erl of Kent. —
" With moche solempnyte and moche worship, for kyng Harry was ther
hymselfe, and 3ave her at the chirche dore. And when mes was doone
the kyng hymselfe ladde that lady home to the bisshoppes place of
Wynchestre, and ther was a wonder grete fest to al maner of peple that
thedre wolde come." (MS. Rawl. 190, f. 152.) Jan. 24. (Fabyan,
sub ann.)
Line 6. ser Robert KnoUis. — Robert, not Ricardus: famous under
Edward IIL, especially at the battle of Poictiers. He accompanied the
Black Prince into Spain, 41 Ed. III. in aid of Don Pedro; in 44 Ed. III.
was general of forces then sent into France; 1 Ric. II. governor of Brest
Castle ; 3 Ric. II. aided the duke of Britany against the French ; 4 Ric, II.
suppressed Jack Straw's insurrection ; 8 Ric. II. defeated a conspiracy for
murdering sir Nicholas Brember, mayor ; seneschal of Guienne early in

180 NOTES.
Hen. IV ; founded a college, &c. at Pontefract; built bridge at Rochester;
founded an hostelry for English strangers at Rome ; enlarged house of the
Carmelites, White Friars, London, where he was buried with Constance
his wife. He died Aug. 15. (Dugdale, B. ii. 412; Stowe, 334-5; Carte,
571, &c.) The example of Robert KnoUis was commended by Caxton,
at the end of his " Ordre of Chivalry,'' to the imitation of the knights of
his day; instead of "going to the baynes and playing at dice." (See
Dibdin's Typograph. Antiq. 225-228.)
Line 8. ser Thomas Rempstoun. — He was Constable of the Tower,
Admiral of the West, and Kinght of the Garter; dro-wned by an accident
at London Bridge, 7 Hen, IV. (Fabyan; Rawl. 190.) Stowe mentions a
Sir Thomas Rampton as vice-chamberlain to Henry IV, ; and sailing in
company with him from Queenborough, Sheppey, into Essex, to avoid
passing through London, where pestilence raged, he was taken prisoner
by the French, in the summer of 1406.
Line 11. dame Philippe the yonger, doustir of king Harri. — She was
married to Eric, associated with his great-aunt Margaret in the throne of
Norway, Denmark, and Sweden, Sole monarch in 1412. Fabyan places
her departure from England in May. The marriage was celebrated at
Lunden, according to Pontanus, as late as Oct. 25 the same year, 1406
(Rapin, 498): but on July 28th Eichard CUfford, junior, clerk of the
wardrobe to the lady PhUippa, the king's daughter, queen of Sweden,
Denmark, and Norway, was paid 248?. IOs. 6^ for pearis and cloth of
gold purchased at the time of the marriage. (Issue Roll, Easter, 7 Hen, IV.)
The marriage may have been splendid, but the Danish historians must be
wrong in supposing Philippa brought Eric a large fortune. (See Univ.
Hist. XXXU. 299.)
Line 13. Edmund Courteneye — Richard, not Edmund. He was chan
cellor of Oxford, not bishop till 1413. (Gibson,)
Line 17. the Walssh clerc. — Nov. 8 Hen, IV., Fabyan. But in Issue
Roll, Mich, 3 Hen. IV., March 14th, 3?. 6s. Sc?, were paid to the eari of
Westmeriand, marshal of England (so made 1 Hen. IV.), for appointing

NOTES. 181
lists at Smithfield for a duel between Yevan appe Griffithe Lloyt, appel
lant, and Perceval Soudan, knt., defendant, respecting certain articles of
treason. Line 30. quarel. — An arrow with a square head, (quarellus, quadrillus,
from quadrum.) Briac. — St. Brieux.
Page 35, Une 2 and note. — Robert HaUam, bishop of Salisbury, Henry
Chicheley, then bishop of St. David's, and Thomas Chillingdon, prior of
Christ Church, Canterbury, were sent by the convocation at London to
the councU of Pisa. Hallam was chanceUor of Oxford in 1403 ; was made
cardinal June 1411. He died while at the council of Constance, Sept. 4,
1417. (See the Archasologia, vol. xxx. 430-437.) The council of Pisa
lasted from March 25 to August 7, 1409. It excommunicated the rival
popes Gregory XII. and Benedict XIIL, and elected Peter de Candia, car
dinal of Milan, as pope, at 70 years of age, by the name of Alexander V.,
June 26th. (Onuphrius in Platina.)
Page 37, Une 4. his other son John, duke of Bedford. — A mistake:
the creation is rightly placed in margin, p. 40, in the 2 Hen. V,, and by the
same hand. His creation bears date from May 6, 1414, 2 Hen V. UntU
then he was styled John de Lancaster. (Dugd. Bar. U. 200.)
Lme 6. ihe duke of Awmarle he made duke of York. — The dukedom of
Aumarle was never restored to the eari of Rutland ; and he had succeeded
his father as duke of York Aug. 1, 1402. He is called duke of York by
our author before this, under 1405. See page 34,
Line 9, Hoggis. La Hogue.
Line 10. the lorde Hambe.— Hamhy, Rawl, 178; Aumhes, Rawl. 190;
Hambo, Polychron,, &c. The lorde de Hambre Vas employed by the king
and Burgundlans against the Armagnacs (Monstrel. i. Ixxxv.) : and the
lord de Rambures, master of the cross-bows, was sent to stop the ravages
of the English reinforced garrison of Calais (Mons. i. xcvii.) this year,
1412. Perhaps one of these is intended.

182 NOTES.
Line 16. ser Johan Beaufort, erl of Dorset. — ^A mistake: John Beaufort,
eldest son of John of Ghent by Katharine Swynford, was created earl of
Somerset 20 Ric. IL, and marquis of Dorset, and marquis of Somerset,
21 Ric. H. : he was captain of Calais, and died on Palm Sunday, March 16,
1410, 11 Hen. IV. Thomas Beaufort, youngest son of John ofGhent, was
chancellor of England 11 Hen. IV., and in IS Hen IV. (as in the' text) was
advanced to the title of earl of Dorset : and in 4 Hen. V. created duke of
Exeter for Ufe. (Dugd. Bar. ii. 121-125.)
Line 30. entrete him to resigne the croune to prince Harri — This the
king refused, and although "horribiUter aspersus lepr^, statim equitavit
per magnam partem Anglise, non obstante lepra supradicta." (Eulogium.)
Compare the interview between the king and prince. (Stowe, 339-341;
also Shakspere, Henry IV, Part II. Act 4, Scenes 10 and 11.)
Page 38, line 4. yburied in Crichirche of Cauntirbury. — Henry IV. died
on Monday, March 20th, 1413, in the fourteenth year of his reign. (Sir
H. Nicolas's Chronology ; Stowe, &c.) His body was conveyed by water to
Feversham, and from thence by land to Canterbury, " with moche torche-
lighte," where he was buried in the cathedral. (Rawl. 190, &c.) Clement
Maydestone gives a strange story, which he heard a person tell his father
Thomas Maydestone, that as the body of king Henry was being carried
by water to Feversham a storm arose, and the body was thrown into the
^ea by this stranger and two others, and the waves subsided upon the body
being thrown out. The storm scattered the eight boats containing mem
bers of the nobility which followed in procession, and these men carried
the splendid coffin on to Canterbury where it was buried. Hence the
monks say, " The sepukhre of Henry IV. is with us, but his body is not."
(Anglia Sacra, ii. 372.)
Page 39, line 7, translatid his body fro Langley vnto Westmynstre. — We
slander the noble character of Henry V. if we do not take this as a proof
that he believed in the death of Richard. Henry feared no enemy, and
had released the eari of March, who had been prisoner all his father's
reign. Issue Roll, Mich, 1 Hen, V,, Feb, 20, contains payment for a

NOTES. 183
" horsbere," a coffin, and other necessary things for the removal of the
body of Eichard late king of England, 4?.
Line 15. Fikettis feld. — " In quendam campum, vocatum Fykettefelde,
non procul a Westmonasterio." (Elmham, 31.) In Issue EoU, Mich.
1 Hen. V, are payments for the arrest of LoUards: especially to one con
stable for seizing Lollard books in the house of a parchment-maker;
another for searching the house of WilUam, the parchment-maker, in Smith-
field, where sir John Oldcastle dwelt.
Line 21. parlement at Westmynstre. — This parliament commenced
Nov. 19th, at Westminster: there had .been a parUament before this year
at Leicester, April 30.
Page 40, Une 22, Kitcaux. — The old district of Caux lay on the right
bank of the Seine, and took its name from the ancient Caletes. It
included that triangle of country formed with the British Channel and
the Seine, by drawing a straight line from St. Valery on the coast to
Meulan on the Seine. " There is a point which advances into the sea,
called the Cape of Caux.'' (Brice's Geog. Die.) Stowe fixes the landing
at " Kedicaux, in Normandie, which is betwixt Hereflete (Harfleur) and
Humflete (Honfleur) ; scarcely three leagues (so Elmham) from Hereflete,"
Kitcaux is universally named as the place in the " Brute " Chronicles.
Line 25. commaundid his gonners to bete down the wallis. — " And there
he plaid at tenys * with them that were in the towne .... and alas that
eny soche ballis (i.e. gon-stonys) were made, and cursid the tyme that
ever they were begon!" (Eawl. 190, f 156 b. &c.; Chronicles of King
Henry V., Claudius A. vm. &c.) Guns had been in partial use from
about 13 Ed. IH. (Bree's Cursory Sketch,!. 136); yet, according to Speed,
they were first used in England at the sie^e of Berwick Castle by
* Alluding to the present of tennis-balls said to have been sent by the Dauphin to
Henry. " Somewhat in scorne he sent to the kyng a tonful of tenys ballis, for to play him
-withal and his lordis, and said that hit become hym better than to mayntayne ony werr."
(Rawl. 190, &c. ; see Poem on the Siege of Harflet and Battle of Agyncourt, Hearne's
Elmham, 359 )

184 NOTES.
Henry IV., 1405 (p. 775), where the discharge of one large piece of
ordnance caused the surrender of the fortress. (Also Stowe, 333; see
Appendix, p. 140.)
Page 41, line 3. watir of Swerdis. — So Ashmole, 791, &c. " The river
of Ternoise, caUed the river of Swords." (Tyler's Henry V. u. 163.)
Line 23. euery Englishe manne knelid doun, and put a litille porcion of
erthe in his moutlie. — " In remembrance that they were mortal, and made of
earth, as also in remembrance ofthe Holy Communion." (Stowe, 349.)
Page 42, line 7. erl of Narbor^e. — " The earl of Naverne," (Clau
dius, A, vin. &c.) " The count de Nevers, brother to the duke of Bur
gundy." (Monstr.) A few months after this, count de Narbonne, as admiral
of the French fleet, attempted to recapture Harfleur : he was kiUed at the
battle of VerneuU, 1424.
Line 18. ioie and worshippe. — He " landed at Dover, in Kent, -with
aUe his prisoners in saftee, thankede be Jhesu: and so come to Caunter
bury, and so rood forth thorU3 Kent the nexte wey to Eltham, and there
he restede him, til he wolde come to Londoun. And thanne the mayr of
Londoun, aud the aldermen, shereffes, with alle the worthi comeners and
craftes, comen to the Blakeheth, weel and worthily arayed, to welcome
oure kynge ¦with divers melodies ; and thanked Almy3ti God of his gracious
victorie that He had shewed for hym. And so the kyng and his prisoners
passede forth bi hem, til he come to seynt Thomas Waterynge. And
then ther mette with him alle religious -with processione, and welcomede
hym. And so the kyng come ridyng with his prisoners thoruj the citee of
Londoun; where that ther was shewede many a fayr sy3t at alle the
coundites, and at the Crosse yn Chepe, as yn hevenly araye of aungelle,
archaungelle, patriarkes, prophetis, and vergines, -with divers melodies,
sensying and syngyng to welcome oure king: and aUe the coundites
rennyng wyn. And the kyng passed forth unto seynt Powles ; and there
mette with hym xiiij. bisshoppes cenersede and mytrede with sensers to
welcome the kyng, and songen for his gracious victorie, ' Te Deum
Laudamus.' " (Rawl. 196; Claudius, A. vni. &c,)

NOTES, 185
Lme 19. Sigismund, the emperour. — The " Acts of Council," 4 Hen. V.,
give the arrangements for his reception. A muster of troops was to
receive him at Calais, and the " olerk of the navy " was to have ships in
readiness to convey the emperor and suite into England. At Dover, the
duke of Gloucester, earl of Salisbury, &c. were to receive him; at
Rochester, the constable and marshal of England, &c. ; at Dartford, the
duke of Clarence, earls of March, Huntingdon, &c. The mayor, alder
men, and notables of London were to welcome him at Blackheath ; and
the king himself midway between Deptford and Southwark, or at St.
Thomas Watering. " Ther they kissed togedras and brasede eche other:
and thanne the kyng toke the emperour bi the hande, and so they come
ridyng throu3 the citee of London vnto seynt Poules ; and ther they lighte
and offrede, and alle the bisshoppes stoden cenersed with censeres in here
handes censyinge. And thanne they toke here hors and riden to West
mynstre." (Rawl. 196, 216; Ashmole, 793, &c.)
Page 44, Une 1. the hing hroup,e him to Caleis. — The Issue Roll,
Easter, 4 Hen. V,, contains payments for guns, gunpowder, &c. for the
king's voyage: payments for Sigismund and the duke of HoUand, with
their retinues, at Westminster ; and for the emperor's household removing
from Westminster to Leeds Castle whUe visiting England, AU knights,
esquires, valets, and others of the king's retinue were to be at Dover by
August 18, to accompany the king, with their best equipments, to Calais,
upon causes concerning the whole commonalty, July 23. " To our lord the
king in his chamber: — In money paid for carriage of tents ornamented
-with gold and cloth of arras, with hangings and sides of arras, and other
appurtenances, for the king and emperor to dwell in at Calais during their
stay, 20Z. July 29." (Devon's Issue Roll.)
Line 7. Counselle of Constaunce. — The councU lasted from Nov. 16,
1414, to April 22, 1418. In the 4Ist session (STov. 11, 1417), cardinal
Colonna was elected pope as Martin V. in room of the three rivals, Bene
dict XIII. and Gregory XII, (before deposed by Pisa) and John XXIII.
successor to Alexander V. who had been appointed by the council of Pisa.
The jive nations — Italy, Germany, France, Spain, and England, assisted, each
by six representatives, in the election of Colonna. Before this council, the
CAMD. SOC. 2 B

186 NOTES.
name of a "nation," and the other privilege in the text, " had been delayed
and letted from England by men of other nations for envy." (Stowe, 352.)
Page 45, line 16. Louers. — Louviers.
Line 31. Baious. — Bayeux.
Page 46, line 3. Valeys Newelyn. — Mentioned as one place; so in the
chronicles generaUy. Valeys, Falaise? Newelyn, " Castrum de Neweley
Anglicorum Industrie subjugatur.'' (Elmham, 116.)
Line 12. Cessy, Seez. Launson, Alen9on. Belham, Bellesme,
Line 14. Pount large. — Pont de I'Arche.
Page 47, Une 20, Roon. — This famous siege has been celebrated in a
long old English poem, occurring in three manuscripts of the Brute;
namely, MSS. Hari, 753 and 2256, and one at Holkham (No. 670). It
has been printed in the '' Archsologia," xxu. 350-398, by sir Frederick
Madden, 1829.
Line 6. the dolfyne'} ambassiatours. — The king had meditated an al
liance with the dauphin, against the duke of Burgundy. Ambassadors
were appointed to treat, Oct. 26, 1418, 6 Hen. V. (See a document relative
to the alliance, Acts of Council, ii. 350-358.)
Page 49, last line, Bokende Villers. — From Pontoise the king " sent
the duke of Clarence with a chosen power of men to Paris, to view the
situation and strength thereof; before which city when he had tarried
certain days, and had seen aU that him likid, and that none of the French
men would issue out of the city to fight with him, he returned to the
king and ascertained him of aU that he had seen. On the 18th August
king Henry with his host departed from Pontoise ; and because the castle
of Bokinvillers had done certain inhuman cruelties to the king's land , . . ,
he assalted the same castle." (Stowe, 358.) The castle surrendered from
dread of Henry's name. (Titus Livius, 77 ; see also Elmham, 233.)

NOTES. 187
Page 51, Une 32, duke of Clarence was slayn  At the battle of Beauje,
March 22nd, 1421. (Monstrelet.)
Page 52, line 2. crouned at Westmynstre. — Fabyan has preserved a
fuU account of the marveUous banquet of fish on this occasion. There is
also a tolerably fuU account of it in Rawl. 173; different from Fabyan's,
but agreeing with him nearly in the description of the dishes, though not
giving Fabyan's explanation of the " sotilties."
Line 3. At midsomer. — By letters patent from Dover, June 10, 1421,
9 Hen. V, the king appointed the duke of Bedford, as before, lieutenant of
England, and was himself at Rouen on the 17th of that month. (Rymer,
X. 129, 131.)
Line 13. buried at Westmynstre. — See the account of the funeral pro
cession from the Bois de Vincennes to Westminster, in Stowe, 362-3,
The king's body, embalmed and closed in lead, was laid in a " chariot
drawn by four great horses : and above the dead corpse they laid a figure
made of boiled hides or leather, representing his person as nigh as could
be devised, painted curiously to the similitude of a living creature ; upon
whose head was set an imperial diadem of gold and precious stones, on his
body a purple robe furred with ermine, and in his right hand he held a
sceptre royal, and in his left hand a ball of gold, with a cross fixed
thereon.'' The Issue Roll, Easter, 10 Henry V. contains the foUowing
entries: " Sept. 26. To John Ardern, for 26 tons of Caen stone for the
tomb of king Henry v., in the church of Westminster, who is there buried,
12?. To Simon Prentot, wax-chandler of London, for divers hearses pro
vided by him at Dover, Canterbury, Hosprynge, Rochester, Dertford, St.
Paul's London, and Westminster, for the funeral of the king Henry V. so
brought from France into England, 300?. 1 2s. &d. To John Ardern, clerk
of the king's works, for making the tomb of king Henry V. erected in the
church ofthe blessed Peter, Westminster, who is there buried, 23?. 6s. 8t?."
(Devon's Issue EoU.) A silver gilt effigy was placed upon the tomb by
order of the queen. The head, which was of massive silver, was broken
off in the time of Henry VIII. and the silver plates were also stripped from
the body. (Stowe.)

188 NOTES.
Page 54, line 21. the duke of Gloucestre . . .protectoure. — It had been
provided on Dec. 5, 1422, that the duke of Bedford should be protector of
England and chief counciUor whenever he might be in England ; but that
in his absence the duke of Gloucester should be protector. (Eymer, x.
261.) On this occasion of the young king's going into France Gloucester
had been formally declared lieutenant of England, April 23, 1430.
(Eymer, x. 458.)
Line 22. Jacke Sharpe, ^c. — Probably a LoUard insurrection. Priests'
heads were to be as cheap as sheeps'. (Fabyan ; Stowe.) Payments were
ordered to be made to the duke of Gloucester, Ueutenant, for inquiring into
certain disturbances and punishing Lollards and other heretics in the
midland counties on May 11 (1431), June 12, July 16. (Acts of Council,
iv. 88, 89, 91.) On the next day (July 17) 500 marks were paid to the
duke , (Issue EoU, Easter, 9 Hen. VI.) The Issue Roll (Mich. 10 Hen. VL)
contains payment to the duke of Gloucester for executing Sharp and sup
pressing his rebellion. Sharp is there called " the most horrible heretic
and impious traitor to God and the lord the king." Also 20?. were paid
to the informer against " WiUiam Perkyns, who caUing himself Jack
Sharp was making a disturbance at a certain place in Oxford," (Feb. 16,
10 Hen. VI.)
Line 28, the lord Fitz Watier . . . was . . . drounde. — Nov. 25th, 1432.
(Stowe.) Dugdale (i. 223) does not mention the circumstance : accord
ing to whom his wiU was proved Nov. 10, 1432. This lord Fitz Walter
had been a vaUant knight under Henry V. In the 9 Henry V. he was
taken prisoner at the battle of Beauje, when the duke of Clarence was
killed. He had been joined with the earl of Mortayne in the command of
troops then sent into France.
Line 30. Dope. — ^Dieppe.
Page 55, line 5 — saint Kateryne} day vnto Sheoftide. — St. Katharine's
day was Nov. 25. " The 25th Nov. to 10th Feb," (Fabyan; Holinshed;
Stowe.) Feast of St. Andrew's, Nov. 30th to Feb. 14th. (W. Worcester.)
Sheoftide must be for Shrovetide. Shrove-Sunday, 1434, was Feb. 7th.

NOTES. 189
Page 56, Une 12. a prest called ser Richard Wyche. — "Vicar of Hermets-
worth in Essex or Middlesex [Harmondsworth in the latter county],
sometime vicar of Dertford in Kent, who had before abjured, was burnt
on the Tower hiU the 17th June." (Stowe, 378.) Stowe has taken his
account of the " ashes " of Rychard Wyche from our author. " Richard
Wiche, priest, mentioned both in Robert Fabian, and also in another old
English chronicle borowed of one Perminger. What his opinions were
they doe not expresse." (Foxe's Acts and Monuments, 676.)
Page 57, line 3. the iiij. ordris of freris. — They are thus mentioned in
cap, 17, stat. 4 Hen. IV., which provides that infants under fourteen years
of age shaU not be received into any of the four orders of friars without
the consent of their parents or guardians: Friars Minors, Augustines,
Preachers, and Carmelites. The provincials or principals of the four
orders were to make oath to observe the statute. (Stat. Realm, ii, 138.)
Line 5. maister Roger Boltyngbroke, to page 60, line 25, lividnot long aftir.
— Stowe has taken his account of Bolingbroke and dame Eleanor Cob
ham chiefly from this passage. Compare the later writer W. Worcester's
account of BoUngbroke, Eleanor Cobham, and the Witch of Eye. (460,
461.) It wUl be observed that Stowe has altered the date of the year in
the text: yet he still says that July 25th was Sunday, The dates on
pages 59, 60, are correct for 1441.
Line 28. sownyng. — Signifying, sounding.
Line 30, fledde be nyyte in to the sayntewary. — On July 19th, " vigilia
sanctee Margarets '' (W. Worcester), but 27th in this Chronicle. High
treason was not debarred from the privilege of sanctuary until 26 Hen. VIH.
cap. 13. This defect in the law a papal bull taught Henry VHI. in part
to remedy, and he might appoint keepers to such, persons to prevent their
escape. (Seymour's Survey, ii. 592.) An inference from the text would
be that the sanctuary was the common resort of persons suspected to be
treasonous. Even sacrilege, which was considered a greater crime, we
find prohibited from sanctuary by the 32 Hen. VIIL, although ft had been
forbidden shelter by the laws of Edward I. (Fleta, i. 69): a proof that

1 90 NOTES.
sacrilegious persons were protected, and that the privilege of sanctuary
was much abused. From 32 Hen. VHL, when eight sanctuaries only
were retained, and great offences were debarred from them, until 21
James I., when all were aboUshed, they became the resort of debtors; and
in EUzabeth's reign an oath and order of admission were introduced to
place some little obstacle in the way of those who sought shelter simply to
defraud their creditors, (Stat. Realm; Strype's Stowe; Seymour.)
Page 58, line 12. of heresy. — This seems to show that LoUardry was
one of the charges. The treason was endeavouring to compass the king's
death, by making an image of him in wax, and graduaUy consuming it,
&c, ( See Fabyan.)
Line 16. she was committed to the warde of sir John Stiward, &c 
There are several payments on the Issue Roll, Mich. 22 Hen. VL, relative
to her custody. She had been deprived of her dowry. (Rot. Pari. v. 135.)
She was sent to Chester Castle (Issue RoU, Feb. Mich. 20 Hen. VI,;)
thence removed to Kenilworth Castle, Oct, 26, 1443, 22 Hen. VI. (Rymer,
xi. 45.)
Line 25. to enquire of al maner tresons, &c. — " To divers doctors,
notaries, and clerks, lately by the king's command laboriously employed
respecting a superstitious sect of necromancers and persons charged with
witchcraft and incantations. In money paid them by the hand of master
Adam Moleyns, in discharge of 20?. whioh the said lord the king com
manded to be distributed among them, to have by way of reward 20? "
Issue RoU, Mich. 20 Hen. VI. (Devon's Issue RoU.)
Page 60, line 7. wherynne she was al her Uf after, &c.— " May 15th.
To Ralph lord de Sudeley, constable of the king's castle of Kenilworth,
to whom the lord the king, on Dec. 5th last past, committed the custody
of Eleanor Cobham, for whose security and safe custody the said lord de
Sudeley continually had twelve persons in attendance, -wz. one priest
three gentlemen, one maid, five valets, and two boys : which said Ralph
received .... daily for himself 6s. M. per day; for the said priest, two
gentlemen, and one gentleman, each of them 8d. per day ; and for the said

NOTES. 191
maid and each of the said valets 6d. per day ; and for each of the said
boys id. per day. And, moreover, the said Eleanor received for her daily
support 100 marks yearly  By writ, &c. 33?. 6s. 8tZ." (Devon's Issue
RoU, Easter, 22 Hen. VI.) From Kenilworth Castle she was removed by
an order of council to sir John Stanley, to be imprisoned in the Isle of
Man. (Acts of Council, vi. 51, July, 24 Hen. VI. 1446.) Afterwards she
was brought back to London. (Issue RoU, Easter, 25 Hen. V. July.)
Line 13, Roger Boltyngbroke, &c. — Feb. 24th, Barthol. Halley, one of
the valets of the crown, received 10?, in discharge of 20?. for expenses
attending the custody of Roger Bukbroke, upon whom the laws were
executed — hire of horses, boats, bed, food, drink, &c. as weU for himself
as for the said Roger and two attendants during eight weeks six days.
(Devon's Issue Roll, Mich. 20 Hen. VI.) This man was also called Onley,
(Hardyng; Lambard.)
Page 61, Une 6. And the Sunday next befor Witsuntide the xxiiij. day
of May. — There is a confusion in the Chronicle here between the propo
sition which the earl of Suffolk made at the treaty of Tours for a marriage
between Henry VI. and Margaret of Anjou (Monstrelet, Stowe, Rapin,
Carte, &c.), and the proxy-marriage which took place between Margaret
and the earl of Suffolk for Henry VI. , not earlier than, and no doubt in,
November. (Stowe, Rapin, Carte.) I am indebted to Mr. Durrant
Cooper for the following particulars, communicated to me through the
kindness of Mr. Nichols : — From the Issue Rolls of Exchequer it appears
that in negociating the treaty of Tours for a truce (which was agreed to
on the 25th May, and ratified 27th June), sir Thomas Hoo, one of the
commissioners with the earl of Suffolk, whose history Mr. Durrant Cooper
has been investigating, embarked on the 22nd April, and was paid 20s.
per day from that day till 27th June, when he had returned. (Issue RoU,
Easter Term, Sept. 30th, 23 Hen. VL, and 20th Juiy, same term and year,
and 16th July, Easter, 22 Hen. VI.) [According to our chronicler the
commissioners started about the end of February or beginning of March.]
On the 6th July three messengers were appointed from Henry to Mar
garet: Robert lord Roos, sir Thomas Hoo, and Garter King at Arms. On
the 23rd July Hoo drew 91?., and also (Issue RoU, Easter, 22 Hen. VI.)

1 92 NOTES.
26?. 13s. id. on account of his expenses, and started only on the 26th
August, landing again in England, in company with the queen and others,
on llth April, 1445, being absent half a year and fifty-one days. The
earl and countess of Suffolk did not start from England till 5th November,
1444,and were absent 157 days. (Issue RoU,Easter, 23 Hen, VI.20th July.)
These facts satisfactorily show that the proxy-marriage cannot have taken
place much before the middle of November. The only matter in the Issue
RoUs, Mr. Durrant Cooper observes, which in any way appears to confirm
the chronicler's date for the marriage, is an entry on July 23rd, Easter,
22 Hen. VI: — " To Robert baron Roos, Thomas Hoo knt., and Garter King
at Arms, whom the king sent to France towards ' his most dear consort,'
by the hands of Stephen Kyrkeby his chaplain, &o. 26?. 13s, id." In
Devon's Issue RoU are payments to the earl and countess of Suffolk on
their journey and residence between Nov. 1444 and April 1445, but he
does not print the entry of the 20th July, Easter, 23 Hen. VL, which dis
tinctly states the employment of the earl and countess to have been from
the 5th Nov. 1444, and the whole sum paid to them to be 1408?. for the
157 days.,
Line 12. but what treson grew vnder tho trewe'}. — At Suffolk's propo
sition for the marriage of Margaret of Anjou with Henry, duringthe treaty
of Tours, he agreed to the surrender of Anjou and Maine to R6n^, king of
Sicily, Margaret's father. (Stowe, Rapin; see also further on, p. 68.)
Line 18. condue (so written t-wice). — Conduct.
Line 19. markeys of Suffolk. — The earl was advanced to the title of
marquis of Suffolk, Sept. 14, 1444; 23 Hen. VI. (Dugdale, U. 188.)
Line 21. Humfrey erl of Stafford maad duke of Bukynghame. — Sept. 14,
23 Hen, VI. 1444, (Dugdale, i. 165.)
Line 25. Henry erl of Warwic maad duke of Warwic. — April, 1444,
22 Hen. VL, -with precedence of the duke of Buckingham, and place next to
the duke of York, The Act of the next year (23 Hen, VI.) settled the dis
putes which had immediately arisen between the two dukes ; and from the

NOTES. 1 93
2nd Dec. ensuing (1444) they were to take precedency by turns year by
year; Warwick to have the first turn. (See Dugdale, i. 248.)
Line 26. the lord Beaumond maad vicount Beaumond. — The first person
who bore the title of viscount: so created with precedency over all barons,
and twenty .marks yearly fee out ofthe county of Lincoln, Feb. 2, 18 Hen.
VI. 1440. And in the 23 Hen VL (the year under consideration) he had
grant to himself and heirs male of precedency over all viscounts thence
forth to be created, and also over the heirs of earls ; and to rank in all
parliaments and meetings next to earls, (Dugd. Bar. ii, 54.
Page 62, line 3. crouned at Westmynstre. — The Issue Roll, Easter, 23
Hen. VI, contains several payments relative to the coronation. One to
minstrels of the queen's father, king of Sicily. " June 18. To 5 minstrels
ofthe king of Sicily, who lately came to England to witness the state and
grand solemnity on the day of the queen's coronation, and to make a
report thereof abroad, to eacb of them 10?. of the king's gift, by way
of reward, 50?." Again, to 2 minstrels of the duke of Milan on the same
errand, 5 marks to each, 6? 13s. 4f?. To John de Surencourt, an esquire
of the king of Sicily, and steward of the queen's household abroad, who
came previously to the queen's reception to -witness the solemnity of her
coronation and to report the same, 33?. 6s. 8c?. To " John d'Escoce, an
esquire of the king of Sicily, ¦i\dio, as a true subject of the queen's father,
left his own occupation abroad, and came in the queen's retinue to witness
the solemnity of the day of her coronation ; in money, &c. by writ, &c.
66?. 13s. id." (Devon's Issue EoU.)
Page 62, line 12. the parlement at saint Edmundis Bury.— This parlia
ment was first summoned for Westminster, but as its object was the
condemnation of Gloucester (a favourfte in London), the place of meeting
was altered to Bury St. Edmund's, (Carte, ii. 787.) Upon the duke's
arrest, immediately after his arrival at Bury, reports were sent abroad
that he had purposed the death of the king, and liberation of his duche,ss
Eleanor Cobham from KenUworth Castie. On these charges his re
tainers were afterwards tried and condemned. But tiie charge in the
text, that he was engaged in a conspiracy with the Welsh, seems
CAMD. SOC. 2 C

194 NOTES.
likely to have been brought against him, for the statute passed at this
same parliament revives and confirms all the rigorous laws made
against the Welsh; indeed nothing else was done in it (Stat. Realm,
U, 344.)
Line 19. ordeyned that euery lorde sholde come .... ¦withe strengthe. —
So with the memorable parliament, 21 Ric. II, The Suffolk militia were
ordered out in full force, tothe number of 40,000 (Appendix, p, 116), to
guard all the roads round Bury: the distances they came prove the
stringency of the muster.
Page 63, line 7. he deide for sorou. — Stowe has borrowed our author's
words. The date for this event is given Feb. 28th (see Carte, Lingard) ;
24th (Fabyan, Holinshed, Stowe) : but Richard Fox's circumstantial
narrative almost fixes it on Thursday 23rd (Appendix, p. 117.) Accord
ing to our chronicler the duke was murdered (see next page, 1, 22):
althongh in this passage he speaks cautiously. His knowledge of a "prive
conclusioun,'' on the part of the government, " the whiche as yit is not
come to the knowlege of the commune peple," is rather remarkable. The
Yorkists almost always declared the duke was murdered, (See the Arti
cles, p. 88.) Whethamstede (365, &c.) abbot of St. Alban's, says he
died a natural death: Richard Fox, in the Appendix (117), implies the
same. These two monks of St. Alban's must be considered as high autho
rities. Fox wrote but a few months after the duke's death, and probably
assisted at his funeral. His death is told naturally. Fox calls him " the
good duke," and is not Ukely to have kept back from his monastery,
through fear, any particulars of the death of their common patron. The
duke granted the priory of St. Nicholas, Pembroke, to the abbot and con
vent of St. Alban's, (see the charters in Whethamstede, Aug. 21 Hen. VI.-,
311-316,) to pray perpetually for his soul. (Rot. Pari. v. 253, 307.) It
seems he had first (April, 21 Hen, VI.) intended it for the chapter of Salis
bury. (Acts of Council, V. 266.) The fullest particulars of the duke's
funeral are given in the Appendix, and it is thought that the foUowing
document may be considered interesting enough to appear in this place.
It is from Claudius A, vm. f. 195.
" In this cedule be conteyned the charges and observances appointed by

NOTES. 1 95
the noble prince Humfrey, late duke of Gloucestre, to be perpetuelly boren
by thabbot and conuent of the monasterie of seint Albone.
" First, the abbot and conuent of the seid monasterie haue payd for
makynge of the tumbe and place of sepulture of the seid duke withinne
the seid monasterie aboue the summe of . . cccc.xxx.iij li. vjs, viijcZ.
" Item, to ij. monkes prestes dayly seiynge messe at the auter of sepulture
of the seid prince, euerich of them takynge by j. day, vj d. Summe therof
by j. hole yere is  xviij??. vs.
''Item, to thabbot ther yerly the day of anniuersary ofthe seide prince
attendynge his exequyes ther  xls.
" Item, to the priour ther yerly the same day in like wyse at
tendynge  xxs.
" Item, to xl. monkes prestes yerly, to euerych of them the same day
vj s. viij d. Summe therof  xiij li. vj s. viij d.
" Item, to viij. monkes not prestes yerly the seid day, to eueryche of
them iij s. iiij d. Summe therof  xxvj s. viij d.
"Item, to ij. ankresses, j. at sent Petures chirche, another at sent
Michael's, the seid day yerly, to eueryche xx d, Summe . . iij s. iiij d.
" Item, in monie to be destribut to pore peple ther the seid day
yerly  xls.
" Item, to xiij , pore men berynge torches the seid day aboute the seid
sepulture  ijs, ijc?.
" Item, for wex brennynge dayly at his messes and his seid anniuersary,
and of torches yerly  vj ?z. xiij s. iiij d.
" Item, to the kechen of the conuent ther yerly in releef of the gret
decay of the liuelode of the seid monasterie in the marches of Scotlond,
whiche before tyme hathe be appointed to the seide kcchyne . . ix li."
Page 64, line 2. maister Adam Moleyns. — This bishop, in conjunction
-with sir Robert Roos, as king's commissioner, deUvered up Maine to
Charles VIL, March, 1448 ; and, according to W. Worcester, was mur
dered for his share in that unpopular business. It was also said that the
duke of York had a hand in his death. (Stowe, Gibson.) He was suc
ceeded by the celebrated Reginald Pecock.
Line 10. William Ascoghe. — Stowe has taken his account ofthe murder

196 NOTES,
of Ascoth from this manuscript. According to Thomas Gascoigne he was
made king's confessor, being the first bishop that held that office. He had
also been clerk of the king's council. (See Godwin's Cat, of Bishops.)
Page 64, Une 23. And this same yeer, in the moneth of 3 fay, to page 68,
Une 9, harm to meny persone}. — Stowe's account of Cade's insurrection,
partly from our author, is very interesting and full. In the " Issue RoU "
are several payments relative to the capture of John Mortimer, alias Jack
Cade: and there is a compensation to the duke of York for jewels stolen
from him by this rebel — a first-sight argument, at least, that the duke had
not secretly urged on his rebellion. The Issue Rolls prove the^' serious
nature of the insurrection. The following entry occurs : Easter, May 17,
31 Hen. VI. " To Lancaster king of arms, who .... with great speed rode
from Leicester to London, Daventry, and divers places, in which journey
he injured two horses worth 8?. and moreover paid for the hire of other
horses 40s. ; by which riding he was a loser, &c. 26?. 13s. id." However,
the date of the entry shows no hurry was made to remunerate him. The
Acts of CouncU, vi, 96-99, 101, July 12 to Aug. 25, 28 Hen. VL con
tains several orders for seizing property stolen by the Captain of Kent,
gold, silver, cloth of arras, &c, ; payments for his arrest, &c. Also an
order to treasurer and chamberlain of exchequer to deliver to master An
drew Holes, keeper of the privy seal, who was about to undertake a jour
ney for the king, and was " destitut of hors, six horses lately belonging
to that traitour calling himself captain of Kent, by way of lone " On the
insurrection see sir H. Nicolas's Preface to vol. vi. Acts of Council, xxvii.

Line 24. a ribaude. — A ruffian. (French, ribaud, deriv. hrid, pugna,
balldr, audax. Todd from Ihre.) The derivation gives the history of the
word. Originally, in a good sense, it was applied to stout, brave, tried
soldiers; the word degenerated and became the description of rapacious,
lawless fellows, bandits, libertines, &c. Perhaps was never used in a good
sense in England, but, with ribaudry, had a low, licentious meaning. (See
Diet, de Furetiere, Richelet.)
Page 66, line 15. Kyllyngworth. — Kenilworth.

NOTES. 1 97
Line 26. brigaundyne'}. — A coat of mail; a scale armour, very light
and pliable. (See Halliwell's Archaic Diet.) But here it seems to mean
greaves ; " a pair of" greaves. The coat was of blue velvet.
Line 27. a gilt salat. — Salad, a helmet.
Line 31. the lord Say. — A literary character, if there is any founda
tion for Shakspere's anachronism, so cleverly introduced. (Compare
Henry VI, pt, ii, act 4, scene 8,) If this is the case, it will account for
Gibbon's satisfaction in proving his descent from this lord Saye. (See
Memoir, Miscell. Works, 4to, 1769, i. 6.) Lord Saye had been made
sheriff of Kent, 15 Hen. VI.
Last line, note. — So also Fabyan: " Thanne vpon the morne, beyng the
iij, day of Julye and Fridaye, the saide captaine entred against the
cytie," Page 68, line 15. menu}id. — Diminished.
Line 26. at instaunce and petition ofthe said Commune}. — On Feb. 7th,
1450, 28 Hen. VI. nine articles were exhibited by the Commons against
Suffolk. He was charged with having attempted to dethrone the king —
having procured the liberation of the duke of Orleans — having, " while
oon of youre ambassiatours to youre saide adversarie Charles callyng hym
self kyng of Fraunce, above his instruction and power to hym by you
committed, promysed to Reyner kyng of Cicile and Charles d'Aungers his
brother, youre grete ennemyes, the delyveraunce of Maunce and Mayne,
without the assent or knowyng of other youre ambassiatours :" the loss of
these provinces occasioned the loss of Normandy — he had betrayed his
country to the French, &o. (Rot. Pari. v. 177-179.) The duke was at
this time in the Tower, where he had been commitled Jan. 28. (Id. 177.)
Page 70, line 15. the erle of Shrouesbury was slayne, &c, — At the siege
of Chatillon, near Bordeaux; lord Lisle, the earl's eldest son, and sir
Edward Hull were also killed, and lord Molins taken prisoner. (Stowe,
397; Dugd, i. 330.) Sir Robert Hungerford, in right of his wife, became

198 NOTES.
lord Molins, 19 Hen. VL, and succeeded his father as lord Hungerford,
37 Hen. VI. (Dugd. U. 207.)
Line 31, the erle of Douglas of Scotlonde. — The murder of WiUiam
earl of Douglas was the conclusion of a conference with the king at
StirUng Castle, Feb. 22, 1452; but did not put an end to the contests
between the govemment and the Douglasses. James, brother of the
murdered earl, openly denounced the king, and a battle was fought
May 18, 1452, in which the king's troops were victorious. Sir James
Hamilton of Cadyow was sent by Douglas to beg assistance from England ;
but, as the earl could obtain nothing but promises and advice from thence,
he was compelled with the troops he had to meet the king near Abercorn ;
and the desertion of Hamilton and most of his troops obliged the earl,
¦with his family, to seek refuge in England. Douglas made a last attempt,
in conjunction with the earl of Northumberland, guardian of the marches,
to regain power in Scotland, and found himself defeated by his old ally
Hamilton of Cadyow. (Drummond, Hist. Scot. 1655, 54-66.) In Rymer
is a safe-conduct for members of the earl's family for two years, to pass
over to Calais and return, dated July 16, 1454, 32 Hen. VI. Issue RoU,
Easter, 33 Hen. VL contains the following entry of payment to Douglas for
his services: — " To James earl Douglas, to whom the present lord the
king, ¦with the advice of his council, on the 4th August [1455], in the
83rd year, granted 500?. yearly for the services performed by the said
earl to the said lord the king, &c. until the said earl should have recovered
or be restored to his inheritance, or to the great property taken from him
by the person who calls himself king of Scotland, 100?." (Devon's Issue
RoU; see also Rymer, xi. 367.) He never was summoned to parliament.
Page 71, line 24, gadered priuyly a power of peple, ^c. — From this his
tory it would appear that the king had no idea of the proximity of the
Yorkists. The duke must have forced his marches excessively, as his army
was collected from the Welsh Marches, and the king, upon hearing of the
muster of forces there, had gathered troops and left London. Henry was
hastening to Leicester to hold a council, probably on the best way of op
posing the duke, and also that the struggle might be away from Lon
don, where the Yorkist cause was favoured. The king's first stage was

NOTES. * 199
to Watford; the next moming he arrived at St. Alban's, and was surprised
by the Yorkists. (Compare Stowe, 398; see also Polydore VergU, edit.
Camd. Soe. p. 95.)
Line 27. sente to the kyng.— This demand of the duke of York, with the
king's answer, and the duke's address to his troops, are preseiwed in Stowe.
(398, 399.) Somerset is not expressly named iii the demand, " deliver such
as we will accuse."
Page 74, line 30. in the morow. — In the morning. The exploit men
tioned in the text is perhaps a new fact with regard to Sir Thomas Kyriel.
Page 75, line 2. dyed the erlle of Deuynshire in the abbey of Abyndoun
poysened. He died upon the feast of St. Blase the Bishop, Feb. 3, accord
ing to Dugdale, who neither mentions the place of his death nor his sup
posed poisoning.
Line 5. Reynold Pocock. — Stowe has copied nearly word for word this
account of Pecock, adding a list of his works. Reginald Pecock was born
in 1390; became FeUow of Oriel College, Oxford, Oct. 30, 1417. He was
patronised on account of his learning and worth by Humphrey duke of
Gloucester, who caUed him up to the court. After some few minor pro
motions, and some years' study of the controversy between the Church
and the Lollards, he was promoted to the bishopric of St. Asaph in 1444,
and translated to Chichester March 23, 1449. He was deprived in 1457
(as in the text), and sent to the abbey of Thorney, Cambridgeshire, where
he was to be confined. He was never to leave his cell ; to have one serious
person to attend upon him; no books but a mass-book, psalter, a legend,
and bible ; no paper, pens or ink, &c. From this rigorous confinement he
was released by death, probably in 1460. (See Lewis's Life of Pecock).
Page 77, Une 26. laude. — Laudum. (Wals.) An award, judgment.
Line 29. amorleysed. — Amortir. To alienate property in mortmain,
i.e. to any corporation or fraternity, and its successors. (Cunningham,
Law Die.)

200 NOTES.
Page 78, line 13. for certeyne causes and articles. — See Stowe, 897.
Edmund duke of Somerset was imprisoned twice by the influence of the
Yorkist party in 1451 and 1453, before the duke of York was made Pro
tector, which was on April 3, 1454. The latter and longer confinement
of Somerset was terminated by the king's recovery and resumption of
power ; and the royal mandate for his liberation from the Tower is dated
Feb, 5, 1455. (Rymer, xi. 361.) He was actually liberated, by his own
confession, Feb. 7 (362) ; and from this document we arrive at the
approximate date of his confinement (Nov, 1453). He was imprisoned
" one hole yere, ten woks, and more." The duke fell at St, Alban's,
May 22, 1455.
Line 26. The xxxvij. yeer. — This section is copied in Stowe, 404,
Page 79, line 17. quyn}ymes. — Decima quinta. (So quatryme}, p. 48,
line 2, decima quarta.) A tax of the fifteenth part of the property of a
town or city, &c, (See Cunningham, Law Die.)
Line 28. avoutry — Adultery.
Line 29, allyed vnto her, to page 8, line i, purpos aboute. — Copied in
Stowe, 404.
Page 80, line 5. The xxxviij. yere of kyng Harry, to last Une, tenoure
ys thus — Evidently used, and the language partiy adopted, by Stowe,
405. Page 81 , line 1. Most Crystyne kyng, to page S3, line 14, abood there. —
Copied in Stowe, 405, 406.
Page S3, line 15. Thanne was a parlement holden at Couentre, to page
91, line 23, influence of bodyes transitory. — Our author continues to be the
basis of Stowe, 406-408. The language is frequently used : the articles
sent by the Yorkists to the archbishop of Canterbury and the Commons
are given at length ; and the first two lines of the ballad set upon the
gates of Canterbury are quoted.

NOTES. 201
Line 16, they that were chosenne knyghtes ofthe shyres . . . were enem'yes
to the forseyde lordes. — This was the charge brought against this par
Uament, when its acts were annuUed by that of the ensuing year, and it -
was pronounced a " develish " parliament. (See Stowe, 412.)
Page 91, Une 23, marg. Balat set upponne the yates of Caunterbury. —
This curious and interesting baUad would seem to show that the ¦writer of
the Chronicle was acquainted -with Canterbury: he may have copied
this Yorkist efiusion from the city gates.
Page 92, line 15. am. — Are in.
Line 22. flemed. — Banished, put to flight.
Page 93, line 5. alle to. — All-to, altogether, entirely. (See Judges ix. 53,)
Page 94, Une 8. Thanne the noble erles, to Une 29, nede were. — Stowe
(408) has much abridged this section. He has omitted mention of the
herald from the earls to the Londoners ; of the advice of the Lancastrian
party among the citizens ; and the delegation of twelve aldermen to convey
to the Yorkists permission to enter the city.
Page 95, Une 1. Thanne was a conuocacione of the clergy, to page 97,
line 2, in the feeld. — Abridged in Stowe (408-409).
Line 22. lorde Audeley. — John Touchet : he adhered first to the Lan
castrian interest, but after his captivity in Calais (see page 84) he became
a stanch Yorkist. (See Dugdale, Bar, ii, 29.)
Last Une. lord Kendale a Gascoyne. — John de Foix, a Gascon by birth,
earl of Kendal, viscount ChatiUon, and lord de drreilly. He was the son
of the famous Gaston de Foix captal de Buch, and was made a knight of
the Garter, -with his father, by Henry VI.
Page 97, Une 3. The archebyshope of CaunUi-bury, to line 8, departed
awey. — Omitted by Stowe,
CAMD. SOC. 2 D

202 NOTES.
Line 8. The bysshop of Herford, a Whyte Frere, to page 98, lme 11,
loged in the bysshop's paleys. — FoUowed by Stowe, who copies the address
ofthe earls.
Line IS. vawewarde. — Vanward, the forepart.
Page 98, line 13. Nat longe before this batayle, to Une 18, robbery. —
Omitted by Stowe.
Line 14. Furthermore the Saturday, to page 106, line 16, protectoure
of Englond. — See Stowe, 409-411. The articles between the king and
the du.ke of York, whioh are derived from the RoUs of ParUament, are
copied from our author, with the exception ofthe word " lawftiUy," which
Stowe has commented upon in the margin. Sir John Fortescue, in his
" Defence of the House of Lancaster against that of York," maintained the
illegitimacy of PhiUppa; but, in his "Defence of the House of York,"
whioh he wrote upon his pardon by Edward IV., he reftited his o-wn
arguments. Fortescue was chancellor to Henry VL, and accompanied
queen Margaret and the prince of Wales in their exUe, during which
time he wrote his celebrated work, " De Laudibus Legum AngU^." (See
his Introduction to De Laud.) See extracts from Fortescue's " Defensio
Juris Domus Lancastrise," in " Hereditary Right to the Crown," 234, &c. and
App. I. &c. ; Lingard, iv. 197. Fortescue's MSS., as has been observed,
were lost in the fire of 1731, so destructive to the Cottonian Library.
Page 99, Une 30. kyng Harry the vj"" that now ys in to thys tyme. —
A proof that this manuscript was written at least before the death of
Henry VL, in May 1471 : but the most natural inference would be that
Henry was king while the author was -writing these words.
Page 101, Une 1. the yere of oure Lorde M'.cc. — So ¦written: it should
be M'.cc.xlv.
Page 106, line 9. royalx. — Rolls,
Line 16. protectoure of Englond. — For the third time. On AU Saints'

NOTES. 203
day, Nov. 1st, the king, wearing the crown, went in state to St. Paul's, in
company with the duke of York, to return thanks for the amicable
arrangement between the two factions; and on the Saturday following,
Nov. Sth, the duke of York was proclaimed by sound of the trumpet
Protector of England. (Hall, Grafton, Pol. Vergil, Stowe, Carte, &c.)
The duke had before acted for the king in parliament, by appointment,
Feb. 13, 1454 (Rot. Pari. v. 239 ; Rym. xi. 344) ; made protector, AprU S,
1454 (Rot. Pari. v. 243; Rym. xi. 346); protectorate ended in Feb. 1455.
Protector the second time, Nov. 19, 1455 (Rot. Pari. v. 453; Rym.
xi. 369; released from that office, Feb. 25, 1456 (Rot. Pari. v. 321;
Rym, xi, 373). The duke was kiUed at the battie of Wakefield, Dec, 31,
1460, Line 24. lord Nevyle, brother to the erle of Westmorland. — Stowe has
taken his account of the treachery of lord Neville from this author. John
lord Neville was grandson of Ralph first earl of Westmerland, and brother
of Ralph then earl. He was killed at the battle of Towton, March 29,
1461, 1 Ed. IV,; and was included in the BiU of Attainder passed in the
parliament which commenced Nov. 4 the same year. (Rot. Pari, v, 477,
480.) Page 107, Une 4. lor-de Haryngtone. — WiUiam Bonville : hewas grand
son to William lord Bonville, who, -wdthin two months after this, was
executed, after the second battie of St. Alban's. (Dugd. B. ii. 236.)
Line 15, to reyse peple for to chastyse the peple and rebelles of the North.
— There can be little doubt that the document referred to in the foot-note
was for this purpose. Edward duke of York was raising forces in the
Welsh marches when his father fell at Wakefield. He was at Gloucester
when he heard of the duke's death, and then moved to Shrewsbury. On
Feb. 2nd, or according to our author Feb. 3rd, he fought the battie of
Mortimer's Cross ; the next thing we know about him is his entry into
London on Feb. 28th. (See page 110, and Stowe, 414.) Margaret had
not taken advantage of her victory at Wakefield on Dec. 31, and probably
she did not commence her march towards the capital until the beginning
of Febmary. It must have been upon hearing of this fresh danger in the

204 NOTES.
North that this mandate to the duke of York was issued on Feb, 12,
The commission directed him to coUect aU true subjects in Bristol,
in the counties of Stafford, Salop, Hereford, Gloucester, Worcester,
Somerset, and Dorset, and lead them against the rebels in different
counties. So the men may have been bound to serve, but there can
be no doubt where those counties were situated, nor from what quarter
danger then threatened. The stronghold of the Lancastrians was the
North ; and from thence Margaret was on her way to London. Though
in these times marches were often very rapid, we also find that news could
travel very slowly ; and the Yorkists, in whose custody the king was, and
who used his name to legalise their proceedings, may not have heard * of
the approach of Margaret's army before Thursday, Feb. 12, when they
thus sent for help, and left London for St. Alban's. This Chronicle
describes the royal party as surprised by the Lancastrians. (Compare
also the account of the ^rsi battle of St. Alban's, page 71, where the Lan
castrians were surprised by the Yorkists.)
Line 16. And they of the Northe heryng this,&c. — Margaret commenced
her march southward, according to our chronicler, in consequence of the
commissions against her issued to sheriffs, &c. Stowe describes her army
as composed of " Scots, Welshmen, and other strangers, beside the Northem
men.'' It is to be observed that the march is described as rapid: "they
came doune sodeynly to the to^wne of Dunstaple," though they stopped for
plunder on the way. Stowe says that Grantham, Stamford, Peterborough,
Huntingdon, Royston, Melbome (co. Cambr.), and aU the towns, abbeys,
and priories as far as Dunstable were piUaged by Margaret's army,
(Stowe, 413.) The second battle of St. Alban's was on Shrove Tuesday,
Feb. 17th.
Line 24. the lorde Bonevyle and other, to the end, page 110. — Stowe
has occasionally used the language of the Chronicle, showing that he stUl
foUowed it.

-* We find a descent was expected as early as Jan. 28th, when the king issued letters to
several noblemen, knights, sheriffs, &c. to flock to his standard with forces. (See Acts of
Council, vi. 307-310, and our chronicler's statement.)

NOTES. 205
Page 108, line 20. The lorde Bonevyle .... wolde haue ivithdrawe him.
— This cotemporary writer does mention the protection promised by the
king to lord BonvUle (compare Lingard's note, iv. 133); and, as the Act
of Attainder, 1 Edw. IV. (not printed in the Statutes of the Realm, but
occurring in Rot, Pari, v, 476-482) asserts the same, we may consider it
as true. The king was but an instrument. The act says, " Sufferyng
wilfully thoo worthy and good knyghtes, William lord BonvUe and sir
Thomas Kiryell, for the prowesse of knyhthode approved in their persones
called to the order of the Garter, and WilUam Gower squyer, the berer of
oon of his baners, whom to he made feith and assurans, under kynges word
procedyng from his mouth, to kepe and defende theym there from aU
hurte," &c. (Rot, Pari. v. 477.) Lord Bonville had been appointed one
of the curators of Henry, -with the duke of Norfolk, earls of SaUsbury,
Warwick, &c.
Line 26. ser Thomas Kyryelle. — Sir Thomas Kyriel of Kent, a cele
brated knight in the French wars. In Jan. 1 429 he obtained with 400
men a victory over the French under the count de Clermont near Beau
vais; in 1430 he was taken prisoner by the French, while fighting under
the duke of Burgundy near Guerbigny; in 1431 he was governor of
Beauvoisis castle; put down rebeUion in the district of Caux, upon the
death of the duke of Bedford, in 1436; during Lent, 1450, he landed at
Cherbourg -with 3,000 English, and took Valonges, &c. ; April 12, he
advanced towards Bayeux and Caen, and on the 1 Sth was defeated and
made prisoner by the count de Clermont ; on Aug, 28, 1 457, he drove the
French from Sandwich; was made a knight ofthe Garter on Feb. 8, 1461,
¦with the earl of Warwick and lord Bonville; beheaded Feb. 18, by order
of queen Margaret.
Line 27. Ser Johan Nevyle, kyng Harryes chamberlayne. — Since the
battle of Northampton, in July 1460, the king had been in the hands of the
Yorkists, and new officers no doubt had been appointed. This John Neville,
second son of the earl of Salisbury, was advanced to the title of marquis
Montague, 1 Ed. IV. ; and was kiUed at the battle of Barnet, AprU 1 4, 1 47 1 .
Line 31. manas. — Manace, menace, threat.

206 NOTES.
Page 109, line 7. the duchesse of Buckyngham, with other tvytty men with
fier. — After the queen's victory at St. Alban's, she sent to the mayor of
London, desiring him to send Lenten fare for the army. He obeyed ; but the
citizens stopped the carts he had caused to be laden at Cripplegate, drove
back some of the queen's soldiers, who were plundering the suburb, and
killed three of them : " Whereupon the maior sent the recorder to Barnet,
to the king's councell, there to excuse the matter; and the duchess of
Bedford, the lady Scales, with divers fathers of the spirituaUity, went to
the queen to asswage her displeasure conceived against the city. The
queene, therefore, at their humble request, by advice of her councell,
appointed certaine lords and knights, with 400 tall persons, to ride to the
citie, and there to view and see the demeanor of the people ; and divers
aldermen were appointed to meete them at Barnet, and to convey them
to London." (Stowe, 414.) However, tidings of the approach of the
young duke of York made the queen think it desirable to retire into
the North without applying this test of affection. (See also Grafton,
Holinshed.) The duchess of Buckingham, whose husband had died
July 10, 1460, was probably of the party sent to intercede with the
queen, if not the chief of them; it is likely that she possessed great
influence with the queen as godmother to the prince of Wales. (See page
70.) The duke of Buckingham (grandson of preceding duke) was a
child, and remained under the guardianship of Edward IV. (Dugd, B.
U. 167.)
Page 111, line 6. he hulde a parlement in Irelonde.— Tlublia, MonAay,
April 19th, See a letter from the king to the duke of York Custos of
England and the Privy CouncU, dated DubUn, Feb. 1, 1395, 18 Eic. H.
(Acts of Council, i. 55.)
Line 12. sette a parlement at Londone. — Wednesday, " in quinden^
Sancti HUarii," Jan. 27, at Westminster. (Rot. Pari. iu. 329.) The
duke of Gloucester left Ireland to represent the king's needs after the
Epiphany, Jan. 6th. (Knyghton, 2742.) The duke of York had been
made Custos of England, Sept. 29, 1394. (Rymer, vii. 789.)
Last line. maystur John Wyccleef. — Wiclif died Dec. 31, 1884.

NOTES. 207
Page 112, line 2. sire Rycharde Sturry, &c. — Compare Walsingham,
351. Line 5. xij chapytours of eresy. — Foxe, " Acts and Monuments," edit.
1676, 490-492, gives these Conclusions, with a reference at the end to
Wiclif 's writings.
Line 23. vers . . . sette vpon Powles dores. — These verses are to be
found in Foxe (Acts and Mon,), Stowe (Annals); they occur also in Cot
ton, MS. Vesp. D. IX. f. 51, headed " Versus LoUardomm contra prelates
ecclesise ad excitandum dominos temporales contra eos." In line 3 (in
text) Gie}ite Semoni nati. Gie}ite, i, e. children of Gehazi. Mr. Maeray
has referred me to the form of that name in the Vulgate, Oiezi (see 2
Kings, iv. -v. passim.). Inline i, Nontiui, a corruption; Vesp. D. ix. and
Foxe, read Nomine. In line 5, populus, populis. In Une 6, gladiis,
gladios. Foxe gives the following translation: —
The English nation doth lament
of Sodomites their sinne.
Which Paule doth playnly signifle,
by idoles to begyn.
But Giersites full ingrate
from sinfull Symon sprong,
This to defend, though priests in name,
make bulwarkes great and strong.
Ye princes, therefore, Tivhich to rule
the people God hath placed,
With justice' sword why see ye not
This euill great defaced ?
Vesp, D. IX. gives the following answer : — " Versus cujusdam catholici
contra eosdem LoUardorum." Gens LoUardomm gens est vilis Sodomorum,
Errores eorum sunt in mundo causa dolorum,
Hii sunt ingrati, maledioi, Demone nati,
Quos, vos Prelati, sitis dampnare parati.
Qui pugiles estis fidei, populisque preestis,
Non horum gestis ignes prohibere potestis.
The same volume contains a long poem against the LoUards (f, 165-

208 NOTES.
168 b.) beginning, " Presta Jhesu quod postulo, Fac quod in tuo populo
NuUa labes resideat," &c. At the beginning and end occurs the sentence,
" Dissipa gentes quse beUa volunt Domine Jhesu,"
Page 113, Une 18. And in this same }ere, there apered in Fraunce, to the
end, page 115. — Eichard Fox has taken this from Walsingham, 351-353.
Line 19. Landavencis. — Landunensis (Wals.). Laudwnum? Laon ;
twenty miles N.W. of Eheims ; an, ancient episcopal see suffragan to that
archbishopric. Line 22. a barbour, called a Moret. — Morectus ille Barbarus. He was
general of the Turks at the siege of Constantinople, according to Walsing
ham. Bajazet I. sultan ofthe Turks in 1395, invested Constantinople by
sea and land. In consequence of this siege Manuel Palxologus, the Greek
emperor, sent ambassadors to, and then visited the courts of Europe to
implore help. (See note, page 22, line 21.) Mr. Nichols thinks that
under the speUing a Moret is disguised the name Amurath, and that a
barbour means a native of Barbary, or one so considered. Though Amu
rath occurred to me, I thus followed the MS. because Richard Fox here
translates from Walsingham. KnoUys's " Hist, of Turks," p. 205, mentions
Temurtases as Bajazet's " great lieutenant in Europe," and as advising the
siege. Murtasis occurs in the Short Chron. at the end of Ducas, " Hist.
Byzant." 196.
Page 114, line 7. hure. — Their.
Line 13. sire John dulce of Lancastre. — The dukedom of Guienne had
been conferred upon Lancaster for life, March 2, 1390, IS Ric. II. (Rot.
Pari. Rymer) ; but he did not leave England to take possession tiU late in
September, 1394. He was recaUed in the autumn of 1395, 19 Ric. II.
on account of the unpopularity of his appointment in Guienne, Richard
Fox, in the text, gives Walsingham's account. But see Appendix 128,
and Froissart, iv, cap. Ixv.
Page 116, Une 15. Lanam. — Lyneham, ten miles north of Devizes, Wilts,

NOTES. 209
Page 117, Une 19. Arteys — So written twice. Arthur Tursey, esquire.
(See Stowe, 386.)
Page 118, line 1, (jrreye Freres of Babbewede, — The Grey Friars set
tled at Bury St. Edmund's about 1257, and fixed themselves in the north
west part of the town, not^withstanding the opposition of the Benedictine
monks of the place. In 1363, however, these Grey Friars were removed
to a site beyond the north gate, caUed Babwell, where they remained tiU
the Dissolution. (See Tanner's Notitia.)
Line 8. Berkewey. — Barkway, Hertfordshire.
Line 20, hensemen. — Henchmen, horsemen.
Page 119, line 1. Sed Abbas, &c. — See note, page 2, line 22.
Page 121, Une 18. qui nunc comitatum habet — The MS. ends in 1413.
PhiUp of Burgundy died in the beginning of 1404, and Margaret his
duchess on the Friday before Mid-Lent Sunday the same year. John
duke of Burgundy succeeded to the counties of Flanders and Artois,
(Monstrel. I. cap. xvUi. xxi.)
Line 22. Rupella. — RocheUe.
Page 123, line 3. minimum garcionem coquince turn. — Perhaps a fa
vourite expression of Richard's. According to Walsingham, he exclaimed
to Gloucester and the others at this meeting, " Profecto de vobis omnibus
non plus in hac parte reputo, quam de coquince mew infimo garcione."
Knyghton records the same expression used by the king before the depu
tation of the Commons, who waited upon him at Eltham in the autumn of
1386, to request the dismissal of M. de la Pole.
Page 125, Une 18. duodena miserorum, — On page 26 we have an in
stance of a jury swayed by terror.
Page 126, line 23. Ambianis. — Amiens.
. CAMD. SOC. 2 E

2-10 NOTES.
Page 128, line 24, Shene. — Sheen, near Richmond.
Page 130, line 12. Marchio Dublunice.—FoT the eight appeUants, see
note to page 8, line 19, at p. 157. There was no marquis of Dublin at this
time; the title existed little more than two years.
Page 183, line 6. studuit . . . ad Solomonis gloriam pervenire. — " Solo-
moni magno in expensis sequiparabatur. (Fordun, 1068.)
Page 135, line 1, Lamasice. — Llanvais, or Llamausy, near Beaumaris.
This house of Franciscans, or Friars Minor, was founded before 1240. See
Tanner's Not., Stevens's Mon. ; where also see this form of the word.
Page 186, line 5. claiam.— Cieia, cleta, clades, a hurdle.
Line 19, Jacobitce. — Dominicans, called also Black Friars, or Preaching
Friars. Line 23. de Mortuo Mari. — Mortimer.
Last line, frater iste qui fratres suos regi accusavit. — This was the friar
of Leicester (see page 24, line 14), who had accused ten of his brethren
of exciting the people against Henry IV. The Welsh were devoted
adherents of Richard, as an enemy to whom this friar met his fate.
Page 137, line 7. de Monte Forti, — Joanna of Navarre had married
John de Montfort, duke of Britany, Sept. 11, 1386; and was a -widow
and guardian of .her son the young duke, on Nov, 1, 1399,
Line 20. provocans ipsum ad duellum. — (See Monstrelet, I. cap. ix.)
Page 139, line 2. in castro ducis Roseyce. — Richard, or rather perhaps
the reputed Richard Bang of England, appears to have been detained first
under the custody of Robert HI. ; after a short time he was delivered to
sir David Fleming, lord of Cumbernauld ; upon the death of Robert III.
in 1406, the duke of Albany the regent obtained possession of his person.

NOTES. 2 1 1
and from that time till his death Richard was a prisoner in Stirling
Castle. (See Tytler's Scotiand, Ui. p. 331.)
Line 12. parliamentum apud Coventriam. — Walsingham (369-370)
speaks of an unusual tax extorted at this parliament, the accounts of
which were ordered to be burnt, that no memorial of it might remain.
Page 140, line 11. Comes Northumbrice, &c. — This section is thus in
troduced in the " Eulogium," interrupting the narrative relating to the
archbishop of York's death. ^
Line 20. Coyfy. — So written; it should be, as Mr. Nichols has in
formed me, Coyty, in Glamorganshire, where there was a castle, the ruins
ofwhich remain.
Page 141, line 15. cereo incendit quandam domum, &e. — Compare the
account of the murder of the duke of Orleans . (Monstrelet, I. cap. xxxvi.)

INDEX.

Abingdon abbey, 75
Acton, sir Roger, 39
Agyncourt, battle of, 41, 184
Alenqon taken, 46
 duke of, John I. killed at Agyncourt, 42
 John II, son of above, prisoner at Ver
neuil, 53
 bastard of, killed at Verneuil, 53
Aljubarota, battle of, 3, 146
Allhallows Barking, vicar of, 56, 57
Anne of Bohemia. See Queen.
Antipope, Gregory, 37
Appellant, the lonls, meet Ric. II. in Westm.
hall, i; lead forces into St. John's fields —
favoured by Londoners — refuse to meet the
king in the Tower — vanquish duke of Ireland
— cause assembly of pari. 5; impeachments
by, 5, 6; cause king to retake his coronation
oath, and to pardon them, 6
Argentan taken, 46
Armagnac, count of, 36; besieges Harfleur, 43
Armagnacs and Burgundians, 36; reconcilia
tion, 37
Armenia, Leo king of, 3, 4, 146
Articles — of Pecock's recantation, 75; sent by
Yorkists to archb. Cant. 86; between duke of
York and Hen. VI. 100—106
Arundel castle, conspiracy to dethrone Ric. II.
there, 156
Arundel, earl of, Richard Pitz-Alan, capture of
ships, 121; king's trap for, 122; in arms at
Haringay, 122 — 124; opposes in pari. Lan
caster's opinion about Ciilais, 7, 127; arrested,
&o. property confiscated, 8, 129, 155; trial,
execution, 9, 10, 131

Arundel, Thomas, son of last, joins Henry of Bo
lingbroke, 15; restored to the earldom, 19;
sent to aid Burgundians, 36
 William, Yorkist, with Hen. VI. at the
second battle of St. Alban's, 107
 Thomas. See Canterbury, archb. of
 sir Richard, 35
AthoU, earl of, Walter Stewart, murders Jas. I.
of Scotland, 56
Audley, lord, James Touchet, slain at Blore-
heath, 80
 John, son of last, accompanies Somerset to
Calais— taken prisoner, 84; with Yorkists at
Northampton, 95, 201
Aumarle, duke of. See Rutland, earl of Av
ranches, 48
Aylesbury, convent of, 23, 135, 136
Babwell, grey friars of, 118, 209
Bagot, sir John, escapes into Ireland, 15, 164
Bar, duke of, Edward, killed at Agyncourt, 42
Bardolf, lord Thomas, flies into Scotland after
archbp. Sorope's insurrection — return and
execution, 34, 140, 178
Bavaria (text Beyre), duke of (his son Lewis),
marries elder daughter of Hen. IV. 30
Bayeux (text Baions), surrender of, 45
Beauohamj), sir John, executed, 124
 See Warwick, earl of
Beaufort. See Dorset, marquis of, earl of; Somer
set, duke of, earl of; Winchester, bishop of
Beaumont, lord John, created viscount Beau
mont, 61, 193; arrests the duke of Gloucester,
63, 117; killed at battle of Northampton, 97
Bedford, duke of, John Plantagenet, third son

214

INDEX.

of Hen. IV. created, 37 (but see p, 181), 40;
sent to relieve Harfleur, 43; lieutenant of
England, 44, 187; regent of France, battle of
Verneuil, 53; dies, 55
Bellesme taken, 46
Bergavenny, lord, Edward Neville, with the
Yorkists at Northampton, 95
Berners, James, 124
Berry, John duke of, sent to Calais to receive
oath of Ric. II. 115; unites with Orleans, 36
Blanch, elder daughter of Hen. IV. married to
Lewis of Bavaria, 30, 177
Blank charters, 13, 162; burnt, 19
Bloreheath, Staffordshire, battle of, 80
Blount, sir John, beheaded at Oxford, 21
 sir Thomas, killed at Shrewsbury, 28
Bokende Villers, 49, 186
Bolingbroke, Henry of. See Derby, earl of;
Hereford, Lancaster, duke of
Boltynbroke, Roger, tried for necromancy, 57,
58, 60, 189
Bonville, lord William, at second battle of St.
Alban's, 107; executed, 108, 205
Bordeaux, 1, 37, 151
Bourbon, John duke of, Orleanist, 36; prisoner
at Agyncourt, 42
Bourchier (text Bourser), Henry, viscount, 95
Brabant, Anthony duke of, killed at Agyn
court, 42
Bramham Moor, battle of, 34, 142
Brember, sir Nicholas, advises Richard to return
to London, 4, 148; executed, 5, 124
Brieux, St. (text Briac) coast of Britany, 34
Bristol (text Bristowe), 21 ; spoil of promised, 109
 castle, executions there, 15
Britany, John duke of, Orleanist, 36; truce
with Hen. V. 46
Brokas, sir Bernard, executed, 22
Bromflete, see Vessy
Brown, sir Thomas, sheriff of Kent, 96
Bruyn, John, 96
Buchan, earl of, John Stewart, killed at Ver
neuil, 53

Buckingham, duke of, Humphrey, earl Stafford
(q. V,) created, 61, 192; arrests duke of Glou
cester, 63, 117; at battle of St, Alban's, 72;
refuses to admit bishops to the king, 96;
killed at Northampton, 97
Buckingham, duchess of, Aune, godmother to
prince of Wales, 70 ; mediator between queen
Margaret and Londoners, 109, 206
Burgundy, duke of, Philip, marriage with daugh
ter of count of Flanders, 3, 121, 144
 John, son of last, his murder of duke of
Orleans — with help of Hen. V. defeats Armag
nacs, 36; treats with Hen, V. 48, 49; mur
dered by the dauphin, 50
 Philip, son of last, league with Hen. V.
50; at treaty at Nogent, 51; besieges Calais —
forced to raise siege, 55; affords protection
to the brothers of the earl of March, 109, 110
Burley (text Beverley), sir Simon, beheaded, 5,
124, 149
Bury St. Edmund's, parliament there, 62, 116,
193
Bussy (text Busshe), sir John, beheaded, 15, 164
Cade, Jack, his insurrection, 64 — 67, 196; death,
68
Cadsand (text Cagent), isle of, 30, 177
Caen, siege of, 45
Calais, opinion about, 7; Rio. II, there, 114,
115, 129; duke of Gloucester smothered at,
130, 168; Hen, V.'s march to, 40, 42; card.
Beaufort at, 54; siege of, by duke of Bur
gundy, 55; earl of Warwick captain of, 77,
78; duke of Somerset, 79; Warwick leaves,
80; retums to, 83; Somerset attempts posses
sion of, 84; Rivers brought into, &c. 85; mes
sage to the Yorkist earls there, 91
Camber (text Camer), 30, 177, 178
Cambridge, earl of, Edmund of Langley; his
proposed marriage with Margaret of Flanders,
144; marries younger daughter of Peter the
Cruel, 151; victorious in Portugal, 3. See
York, duke of

INDEX.

215

Cambridge, Richard de Coningsburgh, second
son of last, conducts princess Philippa into
Denmark, 34 ; his conspiracy and execution, 40
Camois, lord Hugh, 55
Canterbury, Rie. II. there, 14; Hen. IV. buried
there, 38, 182; Yorkist ballad, 91—94, 801
 archbp. of, William Courtenay, introduces
" appellants " to the king, 4, 122 ; dies, 129
 Thomas Arundel, installation of — brings
his brother to an interview with Ric. II. 8, 129;
accused in pari. 132 ; exiled — deceived by
Ric. II, — goes to Rome, 11, 132, 161; his
sermon at Flint castle, 16,165, 166; sentences
Rio. II. to perpetual banishment — preaches, 1 8 ;
crowns Hen. IV. — restored to archbishopric,
19; refuge in Reigate castle, 20; befriends
grey friar, 23; intercedes for archbp. Scrope,
32 ; afraid to obey pope, 33 ; persecutes Lol
lards, 39
 Roger Walden, his consecration, 12, 133;
his jewels, 16; deposed, 19. See London,
bishop of
 Henry Chicheley, cases of necromancy,
58,59
 John Kempe, godfather to prince of Wales
— his death, 70
 Thomas Bourchier, 70 ; articles sent to, by
Yorkists, 86 — 90; accompanies Yorkists, 94;
¦with them at Northampton, 95 ; message to the
king, 97
Carlisle, bishop of, Thomas Merks, present at
the depos. of Rio. II. 167; committed to the
Tower, &c. 171
Castille. See Spain.
Catherine of Valois, See Queen
Caudebec, 47, 48
Cheapside, 67
Cherbourg, taken, 46, 47
Cheshire, troops levied in, vanquished, 5, 123;
Ric. II. guarded by men of, 9, 14; proclama
tion in, 98
Chester castle, 80, 163, 190
Cheyney, sir John, 11; his son, 35

Chicheley. See Canterbury, archbp. of
Chichester, bishop of, Adam Molins (q, v.), mur
dered, 64
 Reginald Pecock, 195; accused of heresy,
&c. 75, 76; verses, deprivation, 77, 199
Christchurch, London, 59
Cirencester, 21, 169
Clarence, duke of, Thomas, seeond son of Hen. IV.
created, 37; expedition to Cadsand, 30; assists
Armagnacs — papal dispensation to, 37; takes
Caen, 45 ; goes to Paris, 49 ; at Nogent — regent
of Normandy — killed at Beauje, 51, 187
Clarendon, sir Roger (a son of the Black Prince),
executed, 23
Clifford, lord, Thomas, killed at St. Alban's, 72
 John, son of last, temporary reconciliation
of York, and Lancast. 77, 78; attainted in
parliament, 84; in battle of Wakefield, 106,
107
Clifford, sir Lewis, 112
Clifton, sir Gervaise, 96, 118
Clinton, lord, John, attainted, 84; with Yorkists
at Northampton, 95
Cobham, lord, of Kent, John, imprisoned, 11;
liberated, 19
 sir John Oldcastle, sent against the Armag
nacs, 36; burnt for heresy, 46; his house, 183
 Edward Brooke, Yorkist, 69
 Eleanor. See Gloucester, duchess of
Colby, John, his plunder of religious houses, 113
Coleshill, Warwicksh, (text Colshylle, Staff,) 80
Cologne, 29
Comet, 23, 72
Committee of twelve for pari, business, 21 Rio. II,
12
ComposteUa, St, James of, story, 73, 74
Constance, Council of, 44, 185
Constantinople, empr. of, Manuel Palseologus, 22,
172,208
Conway, castle, Ric. II. at (not Flint, as in text)
15, 165; plans an insurrection there, 21, 134
Cornwall, sir John, 35
Cosne, 52

216

INDEX.

Coventry, duel to be fought between Hereford
and Norfolk, 13; pari, there 6 Hen, IV. 139;
38 Hen. VI. attainder of York, &o, 83, 84;
king's council at, 95; spoil of, promised, 109
Cripplegate, 206
Cromer, sheriff of Kent, 67

Dartford, 70
Dartmouth, 85, 151
Dearth, great, 13, 55
De la Warr, lord, Richard West, 95
Denia, earl of, 1, 143
Denmark, Eric king of, 34, 180
Derby, earl of, Henry of Bolingbroke, 4; appel
lants' parliament, 124, 149; pardon granted
to, 9, 160. See Hereford, duke of
Devereux, Walter, 84
Devonshire, earl of, Thomas Courtenay, Yorkist,
69; poisoned, 76, 199
 Thomas, son of last, Lancastrian, 106!
urges death of Bonville, &c. 108
Die, Rhees ap, executed, 36
Dieppe (text Dope), 54
Domfront taken, 46, 47
Dorset, earl of, Thomas Beaufort, youngest son of
John of Ghent, 37, 1 82 ; governor of Harfleur,
40 ; begs for help, 43 ; sent against Rouen, 46 ;
made (duke of Exeter for life, 4 Hen. V.)
governor of Paris, 51
 marq. of, John Beaufort, See Somerset, earl
of, duke of
Douglas, earl, Archibald, killed at Verneuil, 53
 WiUiam, murdered by James II. 71, 198
 James, brother of last, 71
Dover, 69
Dreux, 48
Dublin, parliament at. Ill
 marq. of. See Ireland, duke of
Dunbar and March, earl of, George Dunbar,
made earl of Richmond, 22, 172; his treachery,
38
Dunstable, 107

Eclipse of the sun, 55
EccleshaU, Staffordshire, 80
Edinburgh, burnt by Richard II, 3
Edward, prince of Wales, son of Henry VI, born,
70; reports concerning, 79; queen's intentions
respecting, 80; judgment by, 108
Egremont, lord, Thomas Percy, reconciliation
between Yorkists and Lancastrians, 77, 78;
killed at Northampton, 97
Eltham, 3
Ely, bishop of, William Grey, 95
Eu, count of, prisoner at Agyncourt, 42
Exeter, bishop of, George Neville, 95
Exeter, duke of, John Holland. See Hunting
don, earl of
 Thomas Beaufort, earl of Dorset (q. v.), 51
 John Holland, earl of Huntingdon (q. v.),
created duke, 60; his death, 63
 Henry, son of last, admiral, &c, 85; urges
death of BonviUe, 108
Exeter, duchess of, Anne, 96
Eye, witch of, 59, 189
Falaise (text Valeys) taken, 46
Falmouth, 29
Fauconberg, lord, William Neville, sent by York
to the men of Kent, 91; marches to North
ampton, 95
Ferrers, sir Ralph, 1, 2
Pickets-field, 39, 183
Fitz- Walter, lord Walter, drowned, 54, 188
Flanders, Lewis, count of, his daughter, 3, 144
Fleet prison, 67
Fleet street, 8, 154 ; White Friars, Fleet street, 34
Flint castle (Richard II. at Conway, not Flint,
as in text), 15; Abp. Arundel's sermon at
Flint, 16, 165, 166
Pox, Richard, monk of St. Alban s, compiler of
an English Chronicle, 111, 194
France, dauphin of, Lewis, favours Burgun
dians, 36; answers ambass. of Hen. Y. 40
 Charles, treats of peace, 48; murders duke
of Burgundy, 50

INDEX.

217

France, king of, John, his ransom, 7, 127
 Charles VI. his oath of league with Ric, II,
114, 115; favours Burgundians, 36; ambass,
sent to, 40; his sickness, 48, 49, 50, 51
 queen of, Isabella, 48, 49, 51
Friars, four orders of, 57, 189; execution of, &c.
23; conversation of, -with Hen. IV, 23, 24, 25
Frost, great, 55
Fulford, sir Baldwin, 85
Fulthorpe, Roger, betrays king Richard's pro
ceedings at Nottingham, 148
Genoa (text Jene), 30
Germany, emperor of, Sigismund, in England —
installed K.G. 42, 185; at Calais, 43, 185;
returns to his dominions, 44
Gloucester, duke of, Thomas of Woodstock,
youngest son of Edward III. — his interview
¦with Ric. II. in Westminster HaU, 4, 122;
defeats duke of Ireland, &c, 123, 148; inter
view with Richard in theTo-n-er, 149; defends
the use of Calais, 7, 127; shews the king's
need in pari. 111, 206; arrested, &c. 8, 129,
155; his conspiracy, &c. 156; accused of trea
son, 9, 130; hurried off to Calais, &o, 157,
158; answers accusation in writing — smothered
at Calais, 130;- duke of Norfolk accused of his
murder, 13
 Humphrey, youngest brother of Hen. V_
created duke, 40 ; besieges Cherbourg, 46;joins
king at Rouen, 47; quarrel with his uncle,
53 ; protector, 54, 188 ; sent to relieve Calais —
ravages Flanders — returns to England, 55 ;
accused of treason, &c. 62 ; rides from Lyne
ham to Bury, 116; his arrest, death, and fu
neral, 117, 118, 193 — 195; his mysterious
death, 63
 duchess of, Eleanor Cobham, 57, 189, 190,
191; tried for necromancy, 53, 59; her cha
racter, 60
 earl of. See Spencer, lord
Glyndwr, Owen, account of, 172; complaint of,
in pari.— rebels, 22, 135; marries his daughter
CAMD. SOC.

to lord Grey, 23, 173; captures Edmund Mor
timer, who marries one of his daughters, 26
Gough, Matthew, 67
Green, sir Henry, beheaded, 15, 164
Greenwich, 65
Grey of Ruthyn, lord, Reginald, his quarrel with
Glyndwr, 22; captivity, 135; ransom, 137;
marriage with Owen's daughter, 23, 173;
death, 23
 Edmund, deserts to the Yorkists, 97
Grey, sir Thomas, 40
Guienne, duchy of, conferred upon Lancaster,
127; goes to, and returns from, 128
GuildhaU, appellants in, 5 ; Serle, 30 ; Eleanor
Cobham, 58, 60; lord Saye, 66
Guisnes, castle of, 84, 85, 99
Guns, 40, 55, 140, 183, 185
Hainault, knights of, 35
Hambe, the lord, 37, 181
Hampden, sir Edmund, 95
Harfleur, siege of, 40, 183; French try to recover,
43
Haringay, appellants' forces there, 122, 148
Harington, lord, William Bonville, killed at
Wakefield, 107
Harington, sir Thomas, killed at Bloreheath, 80;
attainder of, 84
 sir Thomas, kiUed at Wakefield, 107,
Harlegh castle, Merionethshire, queen Margaret
at, 99
Hawley, John, 1, 2
Heddington, Wilts, 64
Hende, John, mayor of London, 8, 125
Henry IV. earl of Derby, duke of Hereford and
Lancaster (q. v.), crowned, &c, 168; annuls
late acts of Ric. II. 19; his son made prince of
Wales, &o. — Kingston conspiracy — rides to
London, 20,168, 169; hearsofdeathofRic.il.
— orders his body to be exhibited to the people,
21, 134; begs a loan from the Londoners, 134 ;
goes into Scotland — receives earl of Dunbar —
entertains emperor of Constantinople — expe-
2 F

218

INDEX.

dition against Glyndwr, 22, 134, 135; be
gins to be unpopular — conversation with monk
of Aylesbury, 23, 24, 135,136; with monks of
Leicester, &c. 24, 25; his needs, 137, 138,
141, 142; grievance of the Percies, 27, 175,
176; battle of Shrewsbury, 27, 28, 29; par
dons earl of Northumberland — marries Joanna
of Navarre, 29, 137, 177; challenged by the
duke of Orleans, 137; his elder daughter mar
ried, 30, 177; is injured by the report of Serle,
30; archbp. York's insurrection, 31, 178; goes
to York — archbp. Arundel's advice, 32, 140;
becomes a leper — his defence of archbp. 's exe
cution, 33, 179; younger daughter married,
34, 180 ; present at jousts in Smithfield, 35,
36 ; assists Orleanists — creation of peers — in
tends to go to Jerusalem — intreated to resign
in favour of the prince of Wales, 37, 112; his
death, 38, 182
Henry of Monmouth, son of Hen, IV. prince of
Wales, 20; wounded, 29; helps Burgundians,
36; his agreement with the bishop of Win
chester to request the king to resign, 37. See
Hen. V.
Henry V, translates the body of Rio. II. from
Langley to Westmr. 39, 182; Lollard insur
rection — French title, 39; sends ambass. to
France — conspiracy at Southampton — besieges
Harfleur, 40 ; march towards Calais — battle
of Agyncourt, 41 ; slaughter of prisoners — re
turns to England, 42, 184; receives emperor
Sigismund — makes him K.G. 42, 185; receives
duke of Holland — sends duke of Bedford to
Harfleur — orders a commemoration, 43; goes
to Calais — returns — council of Constance, 44,
185; leaves duke of Bedford lieut, of England,
44 ; sends earl of March to oppose French navy
— surrender of Tonques — Louviers — Caen — •
Bayeux, 45 ; Knights of the Bath invested —
Falaise — league with duke of Britany — Cher
bourg — Domfront — ^joined by earl of March —
Argentan — Seez — Alenqon — Bellesme — Ver
neuil — Pont de I'Arche— Rouen, 46, 47; joined

by Warwick — Caudebec, 47, 48; joined by
Gloucester, 47 ; enters Rouen — treaty with
dauphin — sends ambass. to Charles — meeting
appointed, 48 ; prepares for conference — treaty
broken off — Pontoise— Paris — Bokende VUlers,
49;rejectspropos.ofpeace — Christmas at Rouen
— receives ambass, of Charles, 50 — treaty of
peace — marriage with Catherine of Valois —
Senlis — Melun — entry into Paris — returns to
England — leaves duke of Exeter governor of
Paris — Clarence, of Normandy, 51 — returns
to France, leaving duke Bedford lieut. of
England — Meaux — birth of prince Henry —
joined by queen — at Paris — intends reduction
of Cosne— death, 52, 187
Henry VI. born, 52; accession, 53 ; coronation in
Loudon and Paris, 54; creations, 60; mar
ries Margaret of Anjou, 61; his message tothe
duke of Gloucester, 116 ; Cade's insurrection
— king at Greenwich —commits lord Saye to
the Tower, 65 ; returns to London — marches
against Cade — sends the Staffords to Seven-
oaks — dissolves pari. — retires to Kenilworth,
66; exiles duke of Suffolk — Yorkist and Lan
castrian troubles, 69, 70; prince Edward born,
70; battle of St. Alban's, 71, 198; king
wounded, 71, 72 — in custody of Yorkists, 72 ;
his sickness — at Westm. 78; his incapacity,
consequent troubles, 79; battle of Bloreheath,
80 ; Yorkist letter, 81-83 ; pari, at Coventry,
83 ; makes Somerset captain of Calais, 84 ; his
state described in Yorkist articles, 86-90 ; com
mission to the earl of Wilts — levies money, 90 ;
described in the Canterbury ballad, 92 ; council
at Coventry — goes to Northampton, 95 ; pre
pares for battle, 96 ; of Northampton, 97 ; in
hands of Yorkists — addressed by March and
Warwick, 97, 98 ; taken to London, 98 ;
York's violent conduct towards him, 99 ; peace
made by pari, between king and York, 100-
106; commission to sheriffs, 107; second
battle of St. Alban's— king in hands of Lan
castrians — execution of Bonville and Kyriel,

INDEX,

219

108 ; returns into the North, 109 ; end of his
reign, 110
Hereford, bishop of, John Stanbury, imprisoned,
97
 duke of, earl of Derby (q.v.), made, 12 ;
quarrel, &c. with Norfolk — banished, 13, 162;
lands at Ravenspur, &c. 15, 164. See Lan
caster, Henry IV.
Hody, sir John, 60
Hogue, Cape la (text Hoggis) , 37, 46
Holborn, men of, 26
Holland, duke of, WiUiam of Bavaria, 43, 185
Holland, sir John, made earl of Huntingdon
(q.v.), 4
Homildon ffiU, battle of, 137
Hoo, sir Thomas, 191, 192
Horsebread, 8, 153
HuU, sir Edward, 70, 197
Hungerford, lord, Robert Hungerford lord Mo
lins (q. V.) — his commission against Yorkists, 90
Huntingdon, earl of, John Holland, 4 ; duke of
Lancaster's constable, 151 ; impeachment of
Gloucester, &c. 8, 130 ; created duke of
Exeter, 12; degraded, 19; Kingston con
spiracy, 20; beheaded, 21, 170
Huntingdon, earl of, John Holland, son of last,
judge in case of necromancy, 58. See Exeter,
duke of
Iden, Alexander, sheriff of Kent, 68
Ipswich, 69
Ireland, duke of, Robert de Vere, earl of Ox
ford, favourite, &c. of Rio. II. 3 ; created
marq. of Dublin, and duke of Ireland, 4, 147;
vanquished by lords appellant, &c. 5, 123,
148; exUed, 6; his body brought to England,
113
Irish, the wild, 4, 128, 147
Isabella of Valois, See Queen
Isle of Man, 11
Isle of Portland, 74
Isle of Wight, 8, 129
Islington, men of, 26

Jerusalem, Hen. IV. intended expedition to, 37
Joanna of Britany. See Queen
Kendal, lord, John de Foix, 95, 201
Kenilworth (text Kyllyngworth), 66, 190
Kent, earl of, Thomas Holland, appellant of
Gloucester, &c. 130; created duke of Surrey,
12; degraded, 19; conspiracy against Hen. IV.
20 ; beheaded, 21, 169 ; Edmund Holland,
brother of last, at Cadsand, 30; jousts, 30,
31; marries sister of the duke of Milan, 34,
179; made High Admiral— killed, 34
Kent, sheriff of, Alexander Iden, 68
Kighley, sir John, 45
Kingston, conspiracy against Hen, IV. there, 20,
168, 169
Kitcaux, near Harfleur, Hen. V. lands there, 40,
183
KnoUis, sir Robert, 34, 124, 179, 180
Kyme, earl of, sir Gilbert de Umphraville, 36
Kyriel, sir Thomas, drives off the French from
Sandwich, 74; beheaded, 108, 205
Lancaster, duke of, John of Ghent — Scotch ex
pedition, 145; Spanish war — marriage of his
daughters, &c. 6, 7, 124, 125, 150, 151 ; his
presence required in England, 151; his return
from Guienne, 152 ; treats for peace at Amiens,
126; his pretensions and opinions in parlia
ment, 7, 127; goes to, and returns from, Gui
enne, 114, 128, 208; marries Catherine Swin-
ford, 114; sentences earl of Arundel, 10, 131;
persuades archbp. Arundel to leave the coun
try, 11, 132; dies, 15
 earl of, Edmund younger son of Henry III.
story of the chronicle forged to prove him to
have been the elder— John of Ghent's claim as
de'scended from, 7, 127, 152, 153
 Henry of Bolingbroke, son of last, duke of
Hereford (q. v.), supported by Londoners, &c,
15; writes to steward of archbp. Walden, — in
terview with Ric. II. 16; Ric, II. resigns in
his presence — he goes to Westminster in state,
17; declares his title, &c. 18, 167. -Sec Hen, IV.

220

INDEX.

Landavencis, 113, 208
Langley, Rie. II, buried there, 21, 171 ; his body
translated from, to Westminster, 39, 182
 Edmund of. See Cambridge, earl of — York,
duke of
Latimer, lord, 1, 2
 sir Thomas, 112
Laund, Leicestershire, prior of, 23
Leeds castle, Kent, 68, 186
Legate, pope's, Petrus de Monte, 61; Coppini,
94, 95
Leicester, convent of, friars of, 24, 26, 26, 136
Lewes, 67
Llanvais, Lamasia, 135, 210
LoUards, LoUardry, their conclusions, verses,
112, 207 ; insurrection of, 39 ; execution of
Oldcastle, &c. 46 ; Jack Sharp's insurrection,
64, 188 ; Eleanor Cobham, &c. 190
Lincoln, bp. of, WiUiam Alnwick, 69
Lisle, viscount, John Talbot, killed before Cha
tillon, near Bordeaux, 70, 197
London, bp. of, Mellitus, 2, 119, 120, 121
 Roger Walden, 19, 168; implicated in
conspiracy against Hen. IV, 22
 Richard Clifford, 29. (But see p. 177.)
 . Robert Gilbert, 59
 Thomas Kempe, 98
 city of, Ric. II. returns to, 14; Hen. IV,
rides to, 20 ; precaution against Lollards, 39;
emperor Sigismund there, 42 ; duke of Hol
land, 43; prince of Portugal, 54; Hen. VI,
leaves, and returns to, 66 ; Cade, 66, 67 ; pas
sage through, refused to the duke of York,
69, 70; Yorkists enter, 94; earl of Salisbury
governor of, 95; spoil of, promised by queen
Margaret, 109
 Tower of, 2, 6, 8, 14, 17, 46, 59, 60,
66, 69, 78, 123, 149 ; besieged 96; surren
dered, 98
Londoners " the city " — mayor ordered to raise
the, against the lords-appellant, 5, 123; Ric,
II. begs a loan of, 125 ; privileges of, taken
away, 8, 125, 154; suspected of intending to

rescue the earl of Arundel, 10; Ric, II. fears
the, 12, 14; support the duke of Lancaster
(Bolingbroke), 15; Hen. IV. begs a loan of,
134; jury of, refuse to sentence friars, 26; fa
vour Cade's insurrection, 65, 66; then expel
insurgents from the city, 67 ; armed in case of
disturbance from young Lancasterian lords —
will not receive them into their city, but favour
the Yorkists, 77; grant free entry to Yorkists,
94, 201 ; besiege lord Scales in the Tower, 96;
joy at issue of battle of Northampton, 98; fear
the queen's power, 108 ; send duchess of Buck
ingham to the queen — in state of defence, 109
Level, lord John, beseiged in the Tower with
lord Scales, 96
Lovelace, captain of the Kentish men, 108
Louviers, 45
Lucy, lady, of Milan, 34, 179
Ludlow, Salop, duke of York there, 80; Yorkists
write to the king from, 80 — 83 ; town spoiled,
83
Lutterworth, 6
Lyneham (text Lanam), Wilts. 116, 208
Lynwood, William, 81
Mantes (text Maunt), negotiations for peace,
49,50
March, earl of, Roger Mortimer, declared heir-
apparent, 4; opposes claims of Lancaster, 7,
127; slain in Ireland, 4, 147
 Edmund, son of last, sent against French
navy, 45; joins Hen. V. again, 46
March, Edward Plantagenet, son of Rio. duke of
York, crosses to Calais, 83; attainted in pari.
84; in common with the duke of York and
earls Salisbury and Warwick, sends articles to
archbp. Cant, and the Commons, 86, 90;
ascertains mind of the men of Kent, 91;
arrives at Sandwich with Warwick and Salis
bury — met by archbp. Cant. — enters London,
94; marches with Yorkists to Northampton,
96; proclamation before the battle of North
ampton, 97; address to the king, 97, 98; oath

INDEX.

221

to be taken by— pension for, 103; oath to be
taken by, for giving aid to the preservation of
the due observance of the article of agreement,
104; gathers troops, 203; returns from defeat
of earl of Pembroke at Wigmore, 108, 110;
is met by Warwick, 108 ; enters London —
begins to reign (Edward IV.), 110; treatise on
his title, 202
Margaret of Anjou. See Queen
Marr, earl of, Alexander Stewart, 30 ; killed at
Verneuil, 53
Marrebonne, earl of, 53
Marshal of France, Boucicourt, prisoner at Agyn
court, 42
Maudeleyn, chaplain of Eio. II. beheaded, 22,
171
Meaux, taken, 52
MeUitus, 2, 119-121
Melun, 51
Meulan (text, Melane upon Seine), 49
Mile End, 67
Molins, Adam, clerk of the council, 59, 190;
dean of Salisbury, keeper of the privy seal,
sent ambass, into France, 61. See Chichester,
bishop of
Molins, lord, prisoner at siege of Chatillon, 70,
197. See Hungerford, lord
Montague, sir John, 112
Montereau sur Yonne (text, Montreaux) 50
Montford, captain, 86
Moret, Amoret? i.e. Amurath, vanquished, 113,
208
Mortayne, earl of, Henry Beaufort, sent to aid the
garrison of Calais, 55. See Somerset, duke of
Mortimer. See March, earl of
 Edmund, brother of Roger earl of March,
captured by Glyndwr, 26, 136; marries his
daughter, 26, 175; prodigies at his birth,
&e, — his ransom not allowed by Henry IV.
27
Mowbray. See Nottingham, earl of — Norfolk,
duke of
Murray, earl of, killed at Verneuil, 53

Naples, king of, 37
Narbonne, earl of, killed at Agyncourt, 42, 184
 earl of, killed at Verneuil, 63
Neville, See Bergavenny, Fauconberg, lords —
Exeter, bishop — Westmerland, Salisbury,
Warwick, earls — York, archpb.
Neville of Raby, lord Ralph, See Westmerland,
earl of
 lord John, grandson of above, his treachery
at battle of Wakefield, 106
 John, second son of Richard earl of ,Salis-
bury, prisoner at Bloreheath, 80; attainder of,
84; prisoner at second battle of St, Alban's —
liberated, 108, 205
-^^ Thomas, brother of last, prisoner at Blore
heath, 80; attainder, 84; killed at Wake
field, 107
Newbury, 90, 91
Newelyn, 46, 186
Nogent sur Seine, conditions of peace approved,
50,51
Norfolk, merchants of, plundered, 113
 duke of, earl of Nottingham (q. v.) created,
12; quarrel with duke of Hereford, &c, 13,
162 ; his death, 13
 Thomas, son of above, styled lord Mowbray
earl marshal — implicated in conspiracy with
the archbp. York, 31, 178; captured, 32;
beheaded, 33
 John, brother of last, earl marshal and earl
of Nottingham — takes Louviers, 45
 John, son of last, Yorkist, leads king to the
second battle of St. Alban's, 107
Normandy, conquests in, 40 — 42, 45 — 48; loss
of. 61, 63, 68
Northampton, Hen. VI. leaves Coventry for, 95;
king's position at — Yorkists desire an inter
view, 96; battle of, 97; Yorkists enter, -with
king Henry, 98
Northumberland, earl of, Henry Percy, joins
Bolingbroke at Ravenspur, 15, 164; his trea
chery to Ric. II. 166 ; battle of Homildon
Hill — said to be in possession of treasury of

222

INDEX.

Ric. II. 137; his demands upon Hen, IV. for
payment due to himself and son (Hotspur),
27, 175, 176; received again into favour, 29,
176; rebellion and flight, 34,140, 178; battle
of Bramham Moor — is beheaded, 34, 142
Northumberland, Henry, grandson of last, son of
Hotspur, killed at battle of St. Alban's, 72
 ' Henry, son of last, temporary reconciliation
of Yorkists and Lancastrians, 77, 78 ; at battle
of Wakefield, 106
Norwich, bishop of, Richard (text Edmund)
Courtenay, 34, 180
 Thomas Brown, 59
Nottingham, opinion of justices at, relative to
pari, commission 10 Ric. II. 122, 148
 castle, the eight appellants of Gloucester,
&c. there, 8, 157, 210
— ^— earl of, Thomas Mowbray, made earl mar
shal, 4; has custody of the earl of Arundel,
129; joins in impeachment of Gloucester, &c.
8, 130; appellants' parliament, 124; formal
pardon granted to, 9, 159, 160. See Norfolk,
duke of
Oldcastle, See Cobham, lord
Orleans, duke of, Louis, challenges Hen. IV. 137;
murdered in Paris, 36, 141
 Charles, son of last, leader of Armagnac
faction against the Burgundians, 36; begs help
of Hen. IV. 37 ; prisoner at Agyncourt, 42
Oxford, 5, 21, 26, 54, 188
 earl of. See Ireland, duke of
Paris, murder of Orleans there, 36; English ex
pedition against, 49 ; the two kings and two
queens enter — duke of Exeter left governor of,
51; Henry returns to, 52
Parliament, at Westminster, 9 Rio. II. creations,
4; Westmin, 11 Rio. II. by order of appel
lants, 5, 124; Winton. 16 Ric. II, papal ag
gressions, 126; king John's ransom — Lancas
ter's opinion about Calais — his claims for his
son, 7, 127; Dublin, 18 Ric, II. by Richard,

111 ; Westmin. 18 Ric. II. by Edmund
Langley, 111; the "great" pari. 21 Ric. II,
condemnation of appellants, 9; business of,
delegated to a committee, 12, 161; 1 Hen. IV,
sentence of Ric. II. 167; late acts of Ric. II.
annuUed, 19 ; 2 Hen. IV. Glyndwr and lord
Grey of Ruthyn, 22; 3 Hen. IV. earl of Nor
thumberland's defence, Serle's letters, 29 ;
4 Hen, IV. 137; 5 Hen. IV. 138 ; Coventry,
6 Hen. IV. 139; Westm. 7 Hen. IV. 141 ;
2 Hen. V. French title, 39 ; 24 Hen. VI.
creation of duke of Warwick, 61; Bury St,
Edmund's, 25 Hen. VI. death of Gloucester,
62, 116, 117, 193, 194 ; Westm. 28 Hen, VI.
Cade's articles, 65 ; Suffolk's attainder, 69 ;
Coventry, 38 Hen. VI. attainder of Yorkists,
&o. 83, 84, 200; Westm. 39 Hen, VI. title of
duke of York to the throne, &o. 99-106
Pecock, See Chichester, bp. of
Pembroke, earl of, John Hastings, killed in
tournament, 7, 163
 Jasper of Hatfleld, defeated at Wigmore by
the earl of March, 108, 110
Percy. See Northumberland, Worcester, earls —
Egremont, lord
Percy, sir Thomas, admiral, 150 ; bishop's pro
curator in pari, 131. See Worcester, earl of
 sir Henry (Hotspur), battle of Homildon
Hill, 137; in want of money due — begs that
his brother-in-law's ransom may be paid out
of his due — his quarrel with the king, 27,
175, 176; collects forces — his charge against
the king — conduct in the battle, 28; beheaded
at York, 29
Philippa, daughter of Hen. IV. her marriage, 34,
180
Pisa, council of, 35, 181
Plantagenet. See Bedford, Cambridge, Glouces
ter, Rutland, York
Pleshy, Essex, duke of Gloucester arrested, 8;
earl of Huntingdon beheaded at, 21
Plympton, sir William, in archbp. Yprk's con
spiracy, 31 ; beheaded, 33

INDEX.

223

Pole, Michael de la, one of the chief of king's
council, 3. See Suffolk.
Pont de I'Arche (text Pountlarge), 46
Pontefract Castle, Ric. II. dies there of voluntaiy
starvation, 21, 170 ; Hen. IV. there, 32; earl
of Salisbury confined in, 107
Pontoise, 49
Pope, Boniface IX. elected, 127 ; his bull
against LoUards, &c. 114 ; declares Arundel
lawful archbp. 19, 20
¦ Innocent VII. excommunicates those con
cemed in the death of archbp. Scrope, 33 ; his
answer to the king, 34
.— — John XXIII. asks assistance against the
antipope, 37
 Martin V. 54
 Pius II. sends legate into England to make
peace, 94
Poperinghe, West Flanders, burnt, 65
Porchester, Hants, queen Margaret lands at, 61
Portugal, king of, Ferdinand, betroths his daugh
ter Beatrice to John of Cambridge, 145, 146 ;
death, 146
 John, victorious over the Castillians, 3,
146; sends ambass. to England, 146 ; marries
Philippa, daughter of duke of Lancaster, 7, 151
Portugal, prince of, reconciles duke of Gloucester
and bp. of Winchester, 64
Portsmouth, 64
Powis, lord, John Grey, 46
 Richard, grandson of last, attainted, 84
PrittleweU, Essex, earl of Huntingdon, beheaded
there 21, 170
Queen, Anne of Bohemia, her marriage with,
Rie. 121, 144; intercedes forthe life of Burley,
5 ; obtains pardon for the Londoners, 154 ;
banquet at the Friars Minors, Salisbury, 126;
death at Shene, burial 128
 Isabella of Valois, married to Ric. II. 129;
sent back to France 22, 172
 Joanna of Britany, marriage with Hen. IV.
29

Queen Catherine of Valois, first meeting with
Hen. V, 49; contract of marriage — accompa
nies Hen. V. to England, 51 ; crowned, 187 ;
gives birth to Henry VI, — returns into
France, 52
 Margaret of Anjou, 191 ; marriage with
Hen. VI. 61; crowned, 62, 193 ; her stay in
Abingdon abbey, 75 ; her power— slandered
by popular rumour — consequent conduct, 79,
80; at EccleshaU — urges king to intercept Sa
lisbury, 80 ; flies to Harlech castle — robbed —
goes into Scotland, 98, 99 ; victorious at second
battle of St. Alban's — meeting with the king —
death of Bonville and Kyriel — Londoners fear
her resentment, 108, 204, 205; is promised by
them a sum of money — returns into the North,
109
Queenborough castle, Kent 67
Queenhithe, 60
Radcliffe, sir John, lieutenant of town of Calais,
55
Radcotebridge, battle at, 123, 124, 148
Ratford, sir Henry, 84; killed at Wakefield, 107
Ravenspur, Yorkshire, Bolingbroke lands there,
15, 164
Recluse of Westminster, 11
Reigate castle, young earl of Arundel escapes
from, 16; archbp. Arundel there for safety, 20
Rempston, sir Thomas, drowned, 34, 180
Rhuddlan castle, 166
Richard II. of Bordeaux, crowned, 1; orders re-
consecration of Westminster abbey, 2 ; marries
Anne of Bohemia, 121, 144; invades Scot
land, 3, 145 ; led by favourites — visited by the
king of Armenia, 3; creates peers, 4 ; pari,
commission — Richard obtains opinions on, 1 22,
147 ; enters London, 148; meets appellants in
Westminster hall, 122; invites them to meet
him in the Tower — sends duke of Ireland to
levy troops, 6,123, 148; compelled to renew
his oath — to swear protection to appellants, 6,
jousts in Smithfield, 6; desires Lancaster's re-

224

INDEX.

turn to England, 151, 162; keeps Christmas
at Woodstock, 7 ; withdraws privileges of city
of London — enters the city in state, 125, 154;
banquet at Salisbury, 126; stops dispute about
title to the throne, 7, 127; goes into Ireland,
111,128; pari, there. 111; vows extermina
tion of the LoUards, 112; returns from Ire
land, 128; oath of friendship with Charles VI.
during treaty — rides from Calais to Guisnes,
115; marriage with Isabella, 129; imprisons
Earls of Arundel and Warwick, 129 ; arrests
duke of Gloucester, 129, 130; borrows money
— sends for the French to help him against
his barons — receives the appeal of the eight
lords, 8, 130, 167 ; requires Gloucester to answer
a charge of treason, 9, 130; holds " great par
liament " — revokes statutes and pardons of
10 and 11 Ric. IL 9,10,11,131,158; his du
plicity with regard to archbp. Arundel, 11,
132, 161; makes Roger Walden archbp. of
Canterbury, 12,132,133; parliamentary com
mittee, 12, 132, 161; goes into the West —
strange custom on festivals — his avarice, 12,
162; banishes Hereford and Norfolk — ** blank
charters," 13, 162 ; at Canterbury — takes
jewels from the Tower —makes his will — ap
points duke of York lieutenant, and goes into
Ireland, 14, 163, 164 ; hears of the arrival
of Bolingbroke — lands at Milford Haven — at
Flint (Conway) Castle, 16, 165; miserable eon
dition — interview with Bolingbroke at Flint
Castle — archbp. Arundel's address to him
there, 16, 166; his resignation, 17, 166; de
posed, sentenced to perpetual imprisonment,
18, 167; dies of sorrow and starvation — body
exhibited — buried at Langley, 21, 134, 170,
171; is reported to be alive, 23, 24, 136; in
Scotland, 25, 26, 136, 139, 174; in Wales,
26, 175 ; forged letters come to pari, as if
from, 29; reported to be alive in Scotland, 30,
178, 210; his body translated to Westminster,
39, 182
Richemont, count of, prisoner at Agyncourt, 42

Rivers, lord, Richard Widvile, sent to Sandwich
to prevent landing of Warwick, 84 ; surprised
in his bed and carried off to Calais, 85
Rochester, 67; castle, 16
 bishop of, John Lowe, 95
Rome, 11, 37
Roos, Thomas (text Henry), lord, accompanies
duke of Somerset to take possession of Calais
— flies into Flanders — returns, 84
 sir Robert, a commissioner at treaty of
Tours, 61, 191, 192, 195
Rouen, siege of, 46, 47, 186; surrenders, 48;
peace concluded at, 60 ; duke of Bedford dies
at, 65; surrendered to the French, 63
Roxburgh castle, Northumberland, besieged, 56
Rutland, earl of, Edward Plantagenet, eldest son
of Edmund Langley, 4; one of the appellants
of Gloucester, &c. 8, 130; created duke of
Aumarle, 12; degraded, 19; warns Hen. IV.
of conspiracy, 20, 168, 169 ; made duke of
York. (But see p. 181.) See York, duke of
 Edmund, second son of Richard duke of
York, attainted, 84; with his father in the
North, 106; kUled at Wakefield, 107
Salisbury, 109
 bishop of, John de Waltham, treasurer, 8,
164; Robert Hallam, sent to council of Pisa,
35, 181
 William Ascoth, judge in oases of necro
mancy, 58; solemnizes royal marriage, 61;
murdered, 64, 195
 Richard Beauchamp, with Yorkists at
Northampton, 95
 earl of, John de Montacute, appeals of
treason the duke of Gloucester, 8, 130 ; joins
conspiracy against Hen. IV. 20; beheaded,
21, 169
 Richard Neville, arrests Humphrey duke of
Gloucester, 117 ; chancellor, 70; battle of St.
Alban's, 71 ; at temporary reconciliation of
Yorkists and Lancastrians, 77; defeats Lan
castrians at Bloreheath, joins duke of York,

INDEX.

225

80; letter to the king, 81-83; at Calais, 83 ;
attainted in parliament, 84 ; articles sent to
archbp. and commons by, &c. 86-90 ; lands at
Sandwich with March and Warwick, 94 ;
governor of London, 95; takes up position
with Yorkists at Wakefield and Sandal, 106;
prisoner at battle of Wakefield, ransomed, be
headed by the people, 107
Salisbury, Alice, countess of, 84
 sir John, capitally sentenced, 5
Sandal castle, Yorkshire, 106
Sandwich, pillaged by the French, 74 ; duke of
Exeter sails from ; exploits of Warwick's
soldiers at, 86, 86; Yorkist earls land at,
94
Saundridge, Herts, king's position there, 107
Saye and Sele, lord, James Fiennes, enmity to
Gloucester, 62, 63 ; committed to the Tower,
65 ; executed by Cade's insurgents, 66, 67,
197
 WiUiam, son of last, at battle of Northamp
ton, 95
Scales, lord, Thomas, defeats Cade's insurgents
on London Bridge, 67; commissioned against
Yorkists of Newbury, 90; besieged in the
Tower of London, 95 ; how he met with his
death, 98
Scotland, king of, James I. besieges Roxburgh
castle ; murdered by duke of Athol, 56
 James II. murders earl Douglas, 71 ; killed
by bursting of a gun, 99
Scrope. See Wilts, earl of — York, archbp. of
 of Masham, lord, Henry, conspiracy and
execution, 40
 of Bolton ? lord, John, with Yorkists at
Northampton, 96
Seez (text Cessy), 46
Sely, sir Bennet, beheaded at Oxford, 21
Senlis, taken, 51
Sens, archbp. of, kUled at Agyncourt, 42
Serle, William (text John), his fraud— execu
tion, 30, 178
Shakell, Richard, 1
CAMD. SOC.

Sharp, Jack, executed, 64, 1 88
Sheen, near Richmond, queen Anne dies at, 128
Shelley, sir John, executed, 22
Shrewsbury, battle of — cause of it — altercation
between king and Hotspur, 27, 28, 175, 176;
earl of Worcester beheaded there, 29
 earl of, John Talbot, surrender of Rouen
to the French, 63 ; slain at siege of Chatillon,
near Bordeaux, 70, 197
 John, second son of last, killed at North
ampton, 97
Sluis, harbour of, 3
Smithfield, 6, 31, 36, 69
Somerset, earl of, John Beaufort, made marq. of
Dorset, 12, 3 82; conducts his niece to Cologne,
29; challenged to joust, 35 ; dies, 37
 duke of, John Beaufort, second son of last,
created. — dies, 60
 Edmund, brother of last, arrests duke of
Gloucester, 63, 117; surrenders Rouen, 63 ;
mismanagement in Normandy, 68 ; godfather
to prince of Wales, 70 ; people's hatred of, 71 ;
protector — committed to the Tower, 78 ;
leader of Lancastrians at battle of St. Alban's,
71, 199, 200 ; killed, 72
 Henry, son of last, earl of Mortayne (q. v.),
reconciliation of Yorkists and Lancastrians,
77, 78 ; captain of Calais, 79 ; forced to retire
to Guisnes, 84 ; attempt to bring him back to
England, 86; returns, 99 ; battle of Wakefield,
&c. 106, 107 ; money promised to by Lon
doners, 109
Southampton, conspiracy against Hen. V. there,
40; forces meet at, 44; God's house, 61; earl
of Wilts, plan for escaping the country, 90
Sdtithwark, 34, 42; bishop of Winton's house,
54; the Hart in, 66, 67
Southwell, Thomas, canon of St. Stephen's, Wes
ton, 67; indicted of treason, 58; dies in the
Tower, 69
Sowdan, sir Percival, 34
Spain (CastiUe), John king of, vanquished by
Portuguese and English, 3 ; marries (his son
2 G

226

INDEX.

Henry to) the eldest daughter of Lancaster,
and agrees to a tribute, 7, 161
Spenser (Despencer), Thomas lord, created earl
of Gloucester, 12 ; degraded, 19; conspiracy
against Hen. IV, 20, 168, 169; beheaded, 21,
170
St. Alban's, abbot of, Gloucester's conspiracy
11, 156
 abbot of, performs funeral service of Hum
phrey duke of Gloucester, 118
 first battle of, 71, 72, 198, 199 ; St. Peter's
Street; Castle inn, 72 ; abbey of, 77 ; second
battle of, 107, 108, 204, 205
St. Asaph, bishop of, John Trevaur II. his ad
vice in parliament, 22, 173
St. Cloud, defeat of Armagnacs, 36
St. GUes' fields, 39, 46
St. James of ComposteUa, 73, 74
St. John, sir John, 7
St. John's, prior of, 95
St. Mary Overy, 98
St, Mary's priory. South walk, 34
St. Michael's, ComhiU, 60
St. Paul's Cathedral, Lollard conclusions; verses,
112; Rio. II. 's dirge there, 21 ; Eleanor Cob-
ham's penance, 69; convocation of clergy at —
Warwick's harangue, 95
 Cross, 12, 57
St. Pol, count de, ambassador to Hen. V. 48
St. Stephen's, Westminster, 67, 58, 59
St. Swithin's abbey, Winchester, Hen. IV. mar
ried there, 29
St. Thomas' Watering, 42, 184, 185
Stafford, earl of, Edmund Stafford, killed at bat
tle of Shrewsbury, 28
 Humphrey, son of last, judge in case of
necromancy, 58. See Buckingham, duke of
 sir Humphrey, 66
 WiUiam, 66
Standish, John, 35
Stanley, sir Thomas, 60, 116
Stiward, John, 35, 58, 190
Stourton, sir John, 116

Sturry, sir Richard, 112, 113
Sudlcy, lord, Ralph Butler, constable of KenU
worth, 190; arrests duke of Gloucester, 117;
killed at St. Alban's, 72
Suffolk, earl of, Michael de la Pole (q. v.) cre
ated, 4 ; impeached, 147 ; flies the country,
124 ; exiled by pari. 6
 Michael, grandson of last, killed at Agyn
court, 42
 duke of, WiUiam, brother of last, judge
in cases of necromancy, 58; sent to Tours to
treat of peace ; made marquess and duke of
Suffolk — sent as proxy for Hen. VI. to marry
Margaret of Anjou, and conduct her to Eng
land, 61, 191, 192 ; contrives the ruin of Glou
cester, 62, 63; popular indignation against, 68;
confined in the Tower — exiled — murdered,
69, 197
 John, son of last, at second battle of
St. Alban's, 107.
Suns, mock, 110
Surrey, duke of. See Kent, earl of
Sutton, John, alderman, 67
Swerdis, water of, 41, 184
Tadcaster, Yorkshire, 142
Temple Bar, 59, 77
Thames, river, 2, 34, 36, 64, 55, 70, 96, 120,
123, 149
 street, the Swan in, 59
Tichfleld abbey, Hampshire, marriage of Hen. VI.
solemnized there, 61
Touques, 45
Tournaments, 6, 35, 150
Tours, treaty of, 61, 191, 192
Tower of London. See London
Tower hiU, 5, 10, 66, 189 ; abbey of the, 37
Tresilian, sir Robert, executed, 5, 124
Tyburn, 23, 26, 30, 34, 60
Tyrell, sir Thomas, 96
Vanner, Henry, sheriff of London, 8
Vendome, count de, prisoner at Agyncourt, 42

INDEX.

227

Verneuil taken, 46 ; battle of, 53
Vessy, sir Henry Bromfiete,* lord, 95
Vincennes, Bois de, castle of the, Hen, V. dies
there, 52, 187
Wakefield, battle of, 106, 107, 203
Walden, Roger, accused of conspiracy, 134, 171.
See Canterbury, archbp. — London, bp,
Wales, prince of, duke of York made by pari.
106. See Henry, Edward.
Waltham abbey, Essex, abbot of, Nicholas Morris
pardoned, 159
 William Harleston, abbot, performs funeral
office of Ric. II. 171
Walworth, John, sheriff of London, 8
Warwick castle, 97
 earl of, Thomas Beauchamp, with Glouces
ter and Arundel in arms at Haringay park,
122 ; the appellants" pari, 124 ; opposes Lan
caster in pari. 7, 127 ; sent to the Tower, 8,
129, 156 ; accused of treason, 9 ; banished,
10,11, 160; recalled, 19
 Richard, son of last, besieges Domfront, &c.
46 ; joins king at Rouen, 47 ; his embassy to
king Charles, 48 ; sent to conclude peace,
66
 Henry, son of last, created duke of War
wick, 61, 192 ; dies, 62
 Richard Neville, eldest son of Richard earl
Salisbury — battle of St. Alban's, 71; recon
ciliation between York and Lancaster, 77, 78 ;
captain of Calais, 77 ; quarrel with some of
the king's household, 78 ; refuses to yield cap
taincy to Somerset, 79 ; joins York and Salis
bury, 80 ; letter, 80-83 ; arrives at Calais, 83 ;
* Descended from the ancient barons de Vesci,
and summoned to parliament as lord de Vessy,
24 Jan. 27 Hen, VI. 1449, with Umitation of that
honour to the heirs male of his body; being
(says sir H. Nicolas, Synopsis, 86) the first and
only instance of a barony by writ so limited. He
died in 1468, when the barony became extinct.

in command of- the fleet, is victorious against
the Spaniards, 83, 84 ; attainted, 84 ; sends
party to surprise lord Rivers — met by duke of
Exeter, 85 ; second exploit of his men at
Sandwich, 86 ; articles, &c. 86-90 ; lands at
Sandwich with Salisbury and March, 94 ;
speech at convocation of the clergy — advances
to Northampton, 95 ; begs interview with
Hen. VI. 96; proclamation by, 97; address
to the king, 97, 98; second battle of St. Al
ban's, 107; joins earl of March, 108
Welsh, the, antipathy against, 173
 clerk, the, 84, 180
Wenlock, sir John, 84
Westmerlandjf earl of, Ralph lord Neville of
Raby created, 12 ; made earl marshal by
Hen, IV. 31; his trap for archbp. Scrope, 132,
178
Westminster abbey, 19, 21, 38, 39, 52, 57, 98,
143, 189; consecration of, 1, 2, 119-121, 144
 hall, 4, 17, 18, 25; temporary hall of tim
ber, 9
 prior of, his conspiracy with the duke of
Gloucester to dethrone Richard II. 11, 156
Weymouth, 73, 74
Wiclif, John, buried at Lutterworth — his bones
burnt, 6, 150
Widvile, Anthony, surprised in his bed and
carried off to Calais, 85
Wigmore, Herefordshire, 110
Wiltshire, earl of, William Scrope, created trea
surer, 12 ; endeavours to levy troops against
Bolingbroke, &c. — beheaded, 15, 164
 James Butler, earl of Ormond, his avarice
as treasurer, 79; commission against Yorkists
.*-plan for escaping from the country — levies
money, &c. 90; his tyranny, 91; defeated by
the earl of March, 108, 110
Winchelsea, 30, 121, 177, 178
Winchester, bishop of, Henry Beaufort, 37; quar
rel with his nephew of Gloucester, 53 ; cardi-
f The land of the Western meres, not moors.

228

INDEX.

nal, 54; in commission on cases of necro
mancy, 58; dies, 63
Winchester, William of Waynfleet, baptizes
prince of Wales, 70
Windsor, Henry IV, warned of conspiracy at, 20
Wintershill, Thomas, beheaded, 21
Woodstock, 7, 125
 Thomas of. ¦ See Gloucester, duke of
W orcester cathedral, meeting of Yorkists there, 81
 earl of, sir Thomas Percy created, 12; stew
ard of the king's house, 15; dismisses the
household, 16, 166; battle of Shrewsbury, 27,
28; beheaded, 29
Wyche, Richard, an Essex vicar, burnt, 56, 189
York, 29, 32, 140, 179
 archbp. of, Alexander Neville, flies the
country, 6, 124; exiled by parliament, 6
 Richard Scrope, brother of earl of Wilts.
assists at inthroning Henry IV. 18; king's sus
picion of, 178; his insurrection — agitating ser
mon at York^artioles, 31, 139; sends copies
to the curates of his diocese, 31, 32; taken
prisoner by stratagem — archbp. Arundel inter
cedes for him, 32, 140; executed, 33, 140,
179; pope's excommunication — defence of the
king, &o. 33, 34, 140, 179
 John Kempe, made cardinal, 67; judge in
case of Eleanor Cobham, &c. 68

York, duke of, Edmund of Langley, earl of Cam
bridge (q. v.), created, 4, 146; lieut, of Eng
land — holds pari, at Westminster, 111; lieut.
of England, 14; at first endeavours to oppose
Henry of Bolingbroke, 15; but agrees to sup
port him at Berkeley, 164; discloses the
Kingston conspiracy, 168, 169
 Edward Plantagenet, son of last, earl of Rut
land (q. v.), 34, 37 (but see p. 181), 40;
leads van at Agyncourt, 41 ; killed there, 42
 Richard, son of Ric. earl of Cambridge and
nephew of last, in arms against Henry VI.
69, 70; battle of St. Alban's, 71; obtains pos
session of king's person and returns to London,
72; temporary reconciliation of York, and
Lancastr. 77, 78; at Ludlow, letter to the
king, 80, 83; crosses to Ireland, 83; attainted
in pari. 14; articles sent to the Commons, &c.
86; lodges in king's palace — violent conduct
in occupying king's bedroom, 99; asserts in
pari, his title to the throne, 99 — 106; declared
by pari, prince of Wales, &c. — made protector
— goes to Sandal castle, &c. — Commission to
lord Neville, 106 ; killed at battle of Wakefield,
107, 109, 200
 duchess of, CecUy, daughter of Ralph Ne
ville, earl of Westmerland, robbed and Ul-
treated by Lancastrians, 83

ERRATA.
! 21, line 19, /or " and vnto Plasshe," read " and led vnto Plasshe."
70, line 16, after " saide erle," place the semicolon from preceding line.
124, line 12, for " Radcolbrigge," read " Radcotbrigge."
134, line 10, for " sanctum Paulum," read " ad sanctum Paulum."
136, line 6, for " suspendaris," read " suspenderis."
,, last line, /or " acensavit," read " accusavit."
141, line 3,/or " xx^"," read " x™."

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