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YALE
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEN OF VERMONT:

AN ILLUSTRATED

BIOGRAPHICAL

History of Vermonters

AND

SONS OF VERMONT.

COAIPILED BY

JACOB G. ULLERY,
Under the Editorial Supervision of HiRAM A. HUSE.

Brattleboro, 'Vt. :
TRANSCRIPT PUBLISHING COMPANY.
1894. 2>i

Copyright 1894 by JACOB G. ULLERY-

(¦'^', . /

Printed by the Transcript Pubushing Company,
Holyoke, Mass.
Engravings by the Process Etching and Engraving CompanYj
New York.

TO
ALL BORN UNDER THE SHADOW OF THE
GREEN MOUNTAINS,
THIS BOOK
IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED.

PREFACE

My first idea as to this work was that it should be made up of biographical sketches
and portraits of living Vermonters and Sons of Vermont who had attained prominence
in the political, professional and industrial affairs of their communities ; and thus, through
her most striking personalities, bring out the record of that sturdy and aggressive Vermont
character (for, be it remembered, the Green Hills of Vermont have developed a distinct
character) which has made the state famous as the birthplace and home of a nation's
great men. No native of any other state has reason to be prouder of his state than a
Vermonter. Such a work had never been attempted; the only previous effort in these lines con
fined itself to a few only of the leaders, thus leaving, practically, an unexplored field, and
one rich in material and valuable historically.
As the work progressed and possibilities unfolded, the suggestion was adopted that it
should not be limited to men now living, but that it might be made of historic value and
interest, in certain lines, by including those who were leaders in the founding of the state,
and those who had been its Governors, its Senators and its Representatives in Congress,
and its Judges, since its first struggles for admission to the Union, when it was a " little
independent republic." In the preparation of this portion of the work I have endeavored
to secure the assistance of the men best adapted to treat the subjects under consideration,
and how well this judgment was founded my readers shall decide.
That it could not have been made to include all who have, in past generations, made a
record honorable to themselves and the state, is to me a matter of regret, but also of
necessity, as to cover the whole field would require a life's work.
As illustration is a demand of the times and contributes so much to the understanding
of biography, it has been made a prominent feature in all departments of this work, and
wherever possible I have embellished each sketch with an engraving of the subject.
In Parts II and III of the work I have carried out the original intention, except that
there have been added to the Sons of Vermont sketches of all Vermonters who have repre
sented other states in the National Congress.
I have labored faithfully and earnestly to have the work include all who properly
come within its scope. That the work contains mistakes of commission and omission
within the lines of its intended performance, goes without saying ; but I trust that as it
stands it will be of interest to the readers of this day, and that it will preserve something
of historic value for the future .
J. G. U.
Brattleboro, April lo, 1894.

CONTENTS.

PART 1.
Introduction, by Redfield Proctor,
Introduction to Historical Biographies, by C. H. Davenport,
The Fathers, ......
The Governors, ....
Senators in Congress, . . . .
Representatives in Congress, . . . . .
Introduction to Judges of the Supreme Court, by Hiram .A. Huse,
Biographies of Judges of the Supreme Court,
Vermont Inventors, by Levi K. Fuller,
Queer Characters, by Hiram A. Huse,

PART II.
Biographies of VERii(.)XTERS, A. D. i892-'94.

PART
Biographies of Sons of Ver.'mont,

Us ij cry^C/i ^-i.Oirr Cl^dX^^T.^ (Ilyv*.d. H/i^L. T-t^i/h O- dlylC^ la, i^''*
C^/syl-i- t-j/v-c^ ^n^ A-^>i/ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^i^J^'i^i

(H Ct^ e^^iVTCi,; fYU^&^^ /c</70-*^^ h^Jir^-i^iM^

^'i introduction.

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iuc^^ ttu^ ^jt.1 c^n^^ zi^ ?ft- ^^o^t'i^^'C ^^" /' o

introduction. xiii

h-v^4r Acv^ a^i^,^^ C^^ui^i.-^ />r^t^ ^W^w..
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INTRODUCnON.

h ccTeiv. ZC^^ e(-J^-ht>v^ ^f ^i-^i^ M^^c ^t^y^^

I CL^X^iA^ ^ta^v\

PART I

HISTORICAL BIOGRAPHIES.

BY CHARLES H. DAVENPORT.

INTRODUCTION.

Vermont has always been a nursery of remarkable men. Henry Cabot Lodge had an
article in the Century Magazine of September, 1891, giving analytic tables of the birth
places and race descent of men whose names appear in the biographical dictionaries, that
might at first view seem to discredit this statement, for it shows no more —hardly as many
— from Vermont, than her proportion according to population. But this calculation neces
sarily credited to other states, chiefly Connecticut, where they were born, the fathers of
Vermont ; the men who made one of the most romantic and inspiring chapters of modern
history, and whose pioneer achievements, along some most important lines in humanity's
upward progress, were made as Vermonters and in connection with Vermont — a natural
evolution out of Vermont conditions. It is also to be remembered that Vermont is one of
the young states. It is but little over a century since her career began. As we measure
generations, there have been only three, native born to her soil, from which men of distinc
tion could come in season to be counted in Mr. Lodge's computation. Making due
allowance for these facts, and for the smallness of her population, the Vermont crop of big
men, doing their work at home or contributed to other states, other countries and fields, is
proportionately larger than that of any other state in the Union.
The physiologist and the psychologist ahke have in this field an interesting line of
thought. There are, in the rich soil and verdure, that wrung the words " Verd Mont" from
Champlain, as he first viewed it, in the pure water and bracing air, elements and influences
that have given a superiority to Vermont products as recognized in all the markets, and have
made her an exceptional breeding ground for fine horses and cattle and sheep, of qualities
of genuine and stable usefulness rather than fancy value. These elements and influences
have had a like effect in the rearing of the human animal. On the moral and intellectual
side, the effect of environment, especially of a mountainous scenery, is seen even greater
than with the people of Switzerland, because of a more variegated picti ^squeness ; produc
ing a race of sturdy, robust, original, clear-thinking and right-reasoning about man's relation
to man, all along up the rugged heights that reach towards the eternal problems.

THE FATHERS.

It was said by Dr. Dwight, during the early contests, that the Vermont settlers were
made up of Universalists and infidels. This was an extreme and intolerant way of stating
the fact that it was men of independent mould and bold thought, that were attracted to
Vermont and that the surroundings here were such as developed these characteristics. But
it also included a statement that is full of meaning and that could hardly be made of any
other pioneer settlements or of any immigration not purely reUgious in its motives, that the

HISTORICAL biographies.

men who came to Vermont were men interested in the subjects that engage the highest
thought of man. We find their philosophy compressed into a sentence in the instructions
of the committee of twenty towns at 'Westminster in June, 1775 : "AH civil power under
God is in the people." While their ideas stood to a certain extent for emancipation from
the narrowness and dogmatism of that time, no people ever made a more generous and
cheerful provision for reUgion than they, as the events of the next few years showed. I here
was in the good doctor's bigoted exaggeration, after all, the key to much of the Vermont
character and development.
Human motives, of course, played their part in the story of A^ermont, as they do every
where. There was land speculation mixed with patriotism. There was lawlessness growing
out of some of the reasoning about a "state of nature," in which Ethan Allen and his com
peers were fond of finding the roots of our institutions. There was overreaching in some
ofthe contests with "Yorkers." There was some manipulation of men on their baser side
to strengthen the cause of the new state. There was perhaps a little too much of the
Napoleonic ideal of statesmanship in the Haldimand negotiations.* But in the aggregate,
in the large survey that gives the little hillocks of imperfection only their right proportion,
the early history of Vermont is one the student can leave only with admiration that
approaches reverence, for the courage that braved the most tremendous odds, the shrewd
ness that mastered the most complicated difficulties, the large comprehension of basic prin
ciples that made the work of the fathers of the state broadest and most enduring, as weU as
of the most progressive character.
Consider the situation. With a population of only about three hundred families in the
beginning, and not over one-tenth of that of New York at the end, the Vermonters were
defying the whole power of that state, fighting for their very homes, on what their greatest
jurist, Nathaniel Chipman, always feared would never stand the legal test as titles, but
which were indisputable morally. Then as the Revolution approached, they took the lead in
braving the powers of the Crown. They shed the first blood for America at Westminster,
for the issues back of that massacre were substantially those of the Revolution They won
the first decisive victory and achieved the first lowering of the British flag at Ticonderoga.
They entered enthusiastically and probably with a greater unanimity than any other people
in the country, into the cause of the colonies, and they wrung from Burgoyne the tribute
that described them as the "most active and rebelUous race on the continent, that hangs like
a gathering storm upon my left." They, or their leaders, did some important and never.
fully appreciated work in negotiation with Indians and in securing alliances, or at least
neutrality, from tribes at the north and the west. They took the lead of all the states in
strengthening the resources of the Revolution — Ira Allen's bold conception — by confiscating
the estates of the Tories. They organized and largely fought the turning point battle of the
war at Bennington. While Burgoyne's army was marching down upon their borders they
adopted at Windsor the constitution of the state, the purest conception of democracy, the
best formulation of man's rights, that the world had seen up to that time. The Pennsylvania
constitution was the model to a considerable extent ; but this document, the work of an
assemblage of unlettered farmers, with probably not a lawyer nor a college graduate among
them, of men who had thought out the principles of government while at work in their fields
or in felling forests, went far beyond the Pennsylvania constitution in its reach for great
truth, engrafted upon the model a large number of what seemed to be the most radical
ideas at that time, caught from across the waters the light of the mighty philosophic thought
that was beginning to stir Europe, and produced a constitution that for its practical sagacity
as well as its enUghtened scope must command the admiration of the ages — a constitution
that was the first in modern times to put the ban on slavery — a constitution that advanced
beyond the thought of Penn and of the great FrankUn in securing compensation for
private property taken for pubUc uses, in guarding the right of hunting and fishing against
*Bonaparte said about one of his ablest antagonists: "Metternich approaches being a statesman. He lies very well"
Though a caustic reference, there was a Napoleonic conception back of it.

historical biographies. 19
exclusive privilege, in placing the right of governing internal police as inherent in the peo
ple, and in provision against hasty enactment of laws — a constitution under which the little
state grew and prospered as an independent Uttle republic for fourteen years.
And it was aU done under constantly multiplying difficulties. Not only were the Ver
monters at war with New York and the mother country, but they soon found New Hamp
shire and Massachusetts laying claim to their territory, and not only that, but plans forming
while Congress refused to recognize them as a state, to divide them up on the line of the
mountains between New York and New Hampshire, and secession schemes fomenting for
the formation of a new state out of parts of Vermont and New Hampshire, while at the
same time a large section of the people of the southeastern part of the state were in revolt
against their authority. All the conditions of disintegration into anarchy seemed to be
present, and it was while these were at their height that Congress, very Ukely with the idea
of forcing the plucky mountaineers to submission — even while they had a regiment fighting
for the common cause in the Continental army and were advancing the money to pay the
troops because Congress could not, vide resolve of June 9, 1780 — withdrew all protection,
even to the last piece of ordnance and the last camp kettle from the Vermont borders, and
left the state defenceless before the invasion organizing in Canada. The shrewd and mas
terful tactics of the .\llens, Chittenden and the rest were equal to the emergency on every
side. They paralyzed the schemes of New York and New Hampshire by coolly incorporating
into Vermont portions of those states, under the names of the East and West unions. They
kept an army of 10,000 men idle and useless in Canada through three campaigns by pre
tending to negotiate for a return to aUegiance to England — about the most skillfully
prolonged deception that history records, and they used the fact of this negotiation as a
•club to deter Congress from taking action to crush them. They steadily fortified them
selves against such an attempt by judicious land grants to officers of the Continental army,
until, when an invasion of the state under authority of Congress was discussed, Washington
had to confess that he couldn't depend on his army for such work. From a beginning
with the famous " beech seal " discipUne of intruders on their land under color of New
York titles, they organized well and permanently the machinery of justice ; even in their
•outlawry, while defying all outside authority, they respected and observed the principles of
law and of the jury system, as in the Redding case. They gave an administration whose
taxes were so low as to make the people of adjoining territories anxious to join them ; this
Tvas the secret of the East and We.st unions. They developed from their healthful sense of
right, many ideas in legislation that are well worth the attention of history. The "quieting
.act" to finally settle land titles, which Governor Chittenden finally pushed to enactment
over the opposition of nearly all the lawyers, led the state by the path of equity out of diffi
culties and confusion that were simply inextricable and insoluble through the precedents and
procedure of law, and did it all by applying the simple rule of justice. Much attention is
bieing given by publicists of late years to the Swiss system of "Referendum," as a guard
-against some of the worst evils and dangers of representative government. Early A^ermont
history contains some striking examples of the benefits of it. The most notable was that
which disposed of the paper money question. The delusion was having a great run ; people
everywhere were harassed with debt ; executions were thick and multiplying ; cheap money
seemed to be an easy way out of the trouble ; legislators, taking it for granted, as they always
•do, that what appealed to the selfish interests of their constituents would be popular, were
eager to pass a paper money biU. Nathaniel Chipman, simply because he saw it could not
be defeated in the Legislature, proposed a submission to popular vote. The result was that
"the cheap money scheme, supposed to be so popular because people were about all debtors,
was overwhelmingly defeated. Vermont escaped the evil which wrought such disaster in
nearly all the other states, and in this action largely lay the secret of her marvelous develop
ment of prosperity in the next two or three decades. It was a fine demonstration of the
¦great principle that the truth Ues more safely with majorities than anywhere else in human
.affairs.

ALLEN.

ALLEN, Ethan.— Typical of the times,
the people, and the conditions, were the
character and career of the man whose statue,
by common consent, stands with that of
Collamer in Statuary Hall at Washington as
the representative Vermonter — Ethan Allen,
"The Robin Hood of Vermont," Mr. Henry
Hall calls him, and the figure, because of its
own proportions and of its historic settings,
is necessarily a romantic one — Ethan Allen,
a born leader of men, with power to inspire
and enthuse, to sway and guide, such as the
great leaders of history have had. Where-
ever he was placed he impressed with his
potent personaUty. Washington wrote of him,
after their first interview : " There is an orig
inal something in him that commands admi
ration." It was a something whose presence
that great commander felt, besides the "for
titude and firmness and patriotic zeal " and
the other qualities that he could see and an
alyze — a something that left deep and indeli
ble lines on our institutions, though Ethan
Allen had so little part in the formal framing
of them. Gov. Hiland Hall truly said : " It
is impossible to tell what the result of the
dispute with New York would have been with
out Allen's aid." Bold, enterprising, ready
and resourceful, fertile in daring exploits, full
of confidence in his own powers of mind and
body, ready of wit, with a singular faculty of
forceful epigrammatic expression, chivalric in
bearing and impulse, handsome of face and
form, remarkable for his physical strength
and endurance, a good judge of men, a
natural orator who could address a court or
a multitude with equal skill and effect, pa
triotic always in purpose and thoroughly
grounded in democratic faith, Ethan Allen
was remarkably well fitted for the part he
played in life.
Ethan Allen was born in Litchfield, Conn.,
Jan. IO, 1737, though three other towns,
Woodbury, Cornwall and Salisbury, have
been claimed as his birthplace. The blood
was Anglo-Saxon, blending with a strain of
the Norse, and Samuel AUen, one of two
brothers who came to Chelmsford in 1632,
was the .American progenitor. Ethan Allen's
father was Joseph Allen, a farmer in moder
ate circumstances but of good character, and
his mother, Mary Baker, and his three
brothers, Heman, Hebar and Ira, filled
leading parts in the formation of Vermont,
as did also another for a time, Levi, who
finally turned Tory. Remember Baker was
their cousin, and also a cousin by marriage
of Seth Warner.
Ethan married for his first wife, Mary
Brownson, so that there was quite an exten
sive relationship among the leaders of our

early settlement. It is said that Ethan
started to fit for college under the tutorship
of Rev. Mr. Lee, of Salisbury, but the death
of his father left the family so poor that
he had to give it up. It is evident from his
earlier writings in the Vermont controversy
that his education had been very defective,
but his productions show the effects of con
stant effort at self-improvement all through
his maturer years. But these very lacks
probably contributed to his peculiar great
ness ; for they compelled a concentration
of reading and thought, so that his naturally
vigorous mind thoroughly assimilated what
it got hold of; especially his knowledge of
the scripture embellished and strengthened
his rude eloquence. His career could never
have been a commonplace one.
He was early a man of enterprise in Con
necticut. In 1762, when he was only twen
ty-five, he entered with three others into the
iron business at Salisbury. He afterwards
lived at Sheffield, the southwest corner town
of Massachusetts. In 1764 he bought a part
of a tract of land on Mine Hill, in Roxbury,
which contained a remarkable deposit of
spathic iron ore, and large sums were spent
in trying to develop it as a silver mine. Ex
cept for these gUmpses of his business under
takings, in farming, mining and casting iron
ware, little is known of him until he came
to the New Hampshire grants about 1769.
He had, in the three or four years previous,
spent much time in exploring the grants for
the purpose of locating lands. He first set
tled at Bennington, but afterwards lived at
four other places, Arlington, Sunderland, and
Tinmouth until he settled at Burlington, where
he died. He immediately became a leader
among the settlers in their land controversy
with New York. The grounds of that contro
versy in their historical and legal bearings
need not here be discussed. Suffice it to say
that the practical moralities were with the
settlers under the New Hampshire grants.
They had taken the lands and improved
them under what they had a fair right to re
gard as good titles and grants, under the au
thority of the Crown. When the jurisdiction
was decided to belong to New York it ought
not to have carried with it any change in the
dtles of bona fide settlers and purchasers,
and if it had not, as was at first supposed
would be the case, there would have been no
trouble. Such a sense of equity as that of
Chittenden and Chipman a few years later,
in the "quieting act" to settle tides under
Vermont authority, would have ended the
controversy in a twinkUng. But the fact
of their settiement and improvement of these
lands had increased values to tempt cupidity

ALLEN

and the heavy fees which each grant yielded
to the colonial officials of New York, made it
an object to feed this cupidity. The New
York grants were chiefly in large tracts, and
it was in fact, as the Vermonters claimed,
mainly a struggle between land jobbers and
genuine husbandmen. Allen reached the
marrow ofthe controversey when he wrote in
one of his pamphlets : "The transferring and
alienation of property is a sacred prerogative
of the owner — Kings and Governors can
not inter-meddle therewith ; common sense
teaches common law." He studied the sub
ject exhaustively, knew it in all its relations,
coUected a great mass of historical and docu
mentary evidence and before the end was
reached he had written a series of pamphlets
whose vigorous sledge hammer arguments
had convinced the world of the justice of the
Vermont cause, and in this way gave it the
vitality that enabled it to prevail through
difficulties almost unexampled. He was not
alone in defending the claim of the settlers
with the pen, but there will be no disagree
ment in according to him the chief distinc
tion among them all. Most of his articles
were published in the Hartford Courant, then
the official organ of the state, as Vermont at
that time had no printing press ; but some
appeared in the New Hampshire Gazette,
and a few in handbills.
At the very inception of the controversy,
when he had been upon the grants but a few
months, he was selected for an agent to
defend the New York suits against the set
tlers, and went to New Hampshire and got
copies of Governor Wentworth's commis
sions and instructions from the King. Then
he engaged Jared IngersoU of Connecticut
as counsel, and in June, 1770, appeared at
Albany to answer in a suit of ejectment by a
New York claimant against a settler. The
judge, Livingston, was a patentee under New
York grants, interested directly or indirectiy
in 30,000 acres. So were the attorneys and
court officers, nearly all, and a fair consider
ation of the case was the last thing they pro
posed to permit. All of Allen's documents
and deeds under New Hampshire authority
were simply excluded as evidence, and the
verdict was against him as arranged. After
wards some gentlemen called on him at his
hotel, and representing how desperate the
case was, urged him to go home and advise
his friends to make the best terms they could.
He coolly repUed, " The gods of the vaUeys
are not the gods of the hiUs." .Asked his
meaning, he told them that if they would
come to Bennington it should be made clear.
There is a New York yarn that he promised
to do as advised ; but the facts of history all
go to contradict it, and the evidence is that
he was offered land grants for himself and
appointments to office under New York au

thority if he would use his influence, which
was already recognized to be considerable, to
support the New York side. He spurned
the offer, as he always did all through his life,
every attempt to induce him to betray a
cause in which he was engaged.
Then began the long struggle between the
two jurisdictions, not to be finally settled for
eighteen years, during the first few of which,
after New Hampshire had abandoned them,
the settlers were practically without govern
ment, except such as they improvised for
their towns, acknowledging no other author
ity and no other allegiance except such as
they agreed to among themselves, for mutual
protecticgi. The sheriff of Albany county
repeatedly came with posses of from 300 to
700 men to dispossess the farmers, but always
without success, doubtless because the bor
dering people of New York, from whom the
posses had to be recruited, had no heart in
the work and no sympathy except for their
fellow-farmers whom greedy aristocrats in
the cities were using the law to drive out of
their homes. The story has often been told
of the raid on the farm of James Breaken-
ridge, at Bennington, and its successful re
pulse without the firing of a gun. Here,
Mr. Hall says, was really born the future
state of Vermont. Allen was the leader of
this resistance before and after it took organ
ized form. When the military organization
was formed, towards the close of 1771, and
Allen was elected colonel, with Seth Warner,
Remember Baker, Robert Cochrane and Gid
eon Olin captains, this regiment took the
name of "Green Mountain Boys," in derision
and defiance of Governor Tryon of New York,
afterwards the Tory leader, who had threat
ened to "drive the settlers from their farms
into the Green Mountains." They repeat
edly drove off the New York authorities.
They protected one another from arrest.
They took in hand and disciplined anybody
that ventured to survey or occupy lands un
der New York titles. Their method was
generally that of the "beech seal," or, as
AUen humorously described it, a "chastise
ment with the twigs of the wilderness, the
growth of the land they coveted."
The New York government, met and
beaten at every point, in the winter of
i77i-'72 offered a reward of ^150 for the
capture of Allen and ^,^0 for Baker and the
others. Allen, Baker and Cochrane promptly
met this with a counter proclamation, dated
at Poultney, Feb. 5, 1772, reciting that
"whereas James Duane and John Kempe of
NewYork (prominent lawyers and advocates
of New York's claims) have by their men
aces and threats greatly disturbed the public
peace and repose of the honest peasants of
Bennington and the settlements to the north
ward, * * * any person that will apprehend

these common disturbers shall have ^15
reward for Duane and ;!^io for Kempe."
.Allen's personal comment on the act of
outlawry was this : "They may sentence us
to be hung for refusing to voluntarily place
our necks in the halter, but how will the
fools manage to hang a Green Mountain
Boy before they catch him?" An anecdote
is told in this connection that illustrates his
extraordinary daring and his power to awe
men. Fears were expressed for his safety
after this act of outlawry. He offered a bet
that he would go to Albany and to the most
prominent hotel, drink a bowl of punch and
come back unharmed. And he did it. When
he reached the city and the hotel, he alighted
deliberately from his horse, called for his
punch and drank it, while the word flew
round, " Ethan .Allen is in the city," bring
ing a large concourse of people, among them
the sheriff of Albany county himself. It was
worth ^750, in those days of scarcity of
money, to anybody that would take him, but
they all stood gaping and wondering, while
Allen leisurely enjoyed his punch, walked
out, mounted his horse, and giving a " huzza
for the Green Mountains," rode off. On
another occasion, which Thompson describes
interestingly in his tale of the " Green Moun
tain Boys," AUen, while hunting on the shores
of Lake Champlain, stopped over night at
the house of Mr. Richards. A party of six
soldiers from Crown Point opposite, fully
armed, determined to arrest him for the
sake of the reward. Allen drank with them
boisterously and got them well soaked, while
he simulated worse intoxication himself, and
he and his companions, having been warned
by Mrs. Richards, silently raised a window
and escaped.
These years were full of adventures like
these, the expeditions against Clarendon, to
breakup its " hornets nest " of Yorkers, the
raid on Colonel Reed's Scotchmen along the
Otter Creek, the trials of Benjamin Spencer,
Benjamin Hough, and Jacob Marsh for ac
cepting commissions as judge and justices
in disregard of the order in council that no
citizen should do any official act under New
York authority, the offering of the Bennington
county Yorkers' house as " a burnt sacrifice
to the gods of the woods in burning the logs
of his house," as Allen quaintly told him —
these are only a few of the incidents that
have come down to us. The size and the
intensity of the struggle are illustrated by
AUen's declaration, perhaps exaggerated, in
a letter to Governor Tryon in 1772, that
over 1,500 families had been ejected from
their homes and the "writs come thicker and
faster." " Nobody," he adds, with a recur
rence to first principles, " can be supposed
under law if law does not protect."
Out of all this struggle was evolved, in 1 774,

an interesting scheme of which .AUen was a
leading advocate, for the formation of a new
colony to include the grants and stretch west
and north of the Mohawk river to Lake
Ontario. The capitol was to be Skeenes-
borough, now WhitehaU, and Col. PhilUp
Skeene was to be the Governor. He had
gone to England to urge the project upon" the
ministry when the outbreak of the Revolution
upset aU plans.
After the Westminster massacre a meeting
of committees was held at that place whicli
passed resolutions to renounce and resist
the authority of New York "until such times
as life and property might be secured by it,
or until the matter could be laid before the
Crown and the people taken out of so oppres
sive a jurisdiction and annexed to some other
government or erected into a new one." Al
len and Col. John Hazeltine of Townshend
and Charles Phelps of Marlboro were ap
pointed a committee to prepare a remon
strance and petition to King George in ac
cordance with these resolutions, but the rapid
march of events left no taste or opportunity
for such work. The petition was never pre
pared, and the resolutions were the last pub
lic expression of loyalty to the Crown that
ever came from Vermont.
The Westminster massacre occurred March
13; 177S) the battles of Lexington and Con
cord April 19, and Ticonderoga was cap
tured May 10. In these opening days of
the Revolutionary struggle Allen was among
the most active of the patriots. Ever the
unyielding advocate of the rights of man and
a foe of oppression of all kinds, the issues of
the Revolution were in close line with those
upon which he had been thinking and writ
ing for the past five years, and they were a
kind to enlist all the sympathy and arouse
aU the ambition of a nature like his, while
the Westminster affair had given the subject
a practical personal interest to him and to
ah A'ermonters. He plunged into the patri
otic work with a promptness, a resolution
and farsightedness of plans that ought to
have made him one of the foremost men of
the struggle and probably would but for the
misadventure at Montreal. He early dis
patched messengers with characteristic let
ters, to win over the Indians to the side of
the colonies, or at least to neutrality, and
thereby he did an important service to the
cause which did not cease entirely to be felt
until the end of the war. Many of the red
men were induced to come to Newbury,
some to settle and some to enter the service
as scouts and spies. Some were sent to
Washington's camp and some went to Can
ada, where they procured information that
was highly valued by Washington and Schuy
ler. But while he was doing this work, and
even before he had fairly gotten into it

ALLEN.

23

AUen had entered with aU his zest into the
project for the capture of Ticonderoga.
Even before the spring opened, perhaps be
fore the Westminster massacre, the plan had
been formed. In the middle of February he
wrote a letter, which is still extant in Massa
chusetts, to OUver Wolcott of 'Connecticut
that "the regiment of Green Mountain
Boys would assist their American brethren,"
in case of war. John Brown, a Massachu
setts lawyer who had been through the grants
to Canada in the interest of the Massachu
setts committee of safety, wrote on March
29, from Montreal to Boston : "The people
on the New Hampshire grants have en
gaged to seize the fort at Ticonderoga as
soon as possible, should hostilities be com
mitted by the King's troops."
There were simultaneously in the latter
days of April and early in May mo%'ements
started for the capture from both Connecti
cut and Massachusetts. That from the
former state was in charge of Edward Mott,
afterwards a major in Colonel Gray's regi
ment, and it started out April 28 and 29,
enlisting sixteen men before it arrived at
Pittsfield, Mass., where John Brown was met
on his way back from Canada and joined
them. Thirty-nine more men were enlisted
at Jericho and Williamstown, and the party
proceeded to Bennington, where a party of
future Vermonters were gathered. No one
dreamed of any one but Allen for com
mander, and he, fuU of energy and resolu
tion, goes ahead of the party to raise more
men and make sure, by throwing trusted
scouts StiU farther ahead, that no tidings of
the approach reach the fort. But when the
expedition reaches Castleton, May 8, it is
overtaken by Benedict Arnold, on horseback
and with one attendant, to arrogantly claim
the command, and show a commission from
the committee of safety at Cambridge, Mass.
The dispute for a time threatened to wreck
the project. Arnold persisted until the men
declared that they would serve under no offi
cers other than those with whom they had
engaged. Finally, when Allen was overtaken,
he good-naturedly averted the difficulty by
agreeing that, while he should command,
Arnold might accompany him at the head of
the attacking party.
There was great difficulty, and partial
miscarriage of plans to procure boats to cross
the lake, and as morning began to dawn.
May 10, only eighty-three men had been
got across, while Seth Warner, with the re
mainder of the two hundred and thirty men
of the expedition was impatienty waiting on
the Vermont side. .AUen saw that no time
was to be lost, so he drew his men up in line,
told them it was a desperate attempt that was
about to be made and gave all who wished
the privilege of backing out, but asked those

who were wiUing to follow him into the fort
to poise their fire-locks. Instantly every fire
lock was poised. " Face to the right," he
cried, and he marched the men in three files,
himself at the head of the center file, to the
gate. A sentry at the wicker gate snapped
his fuse at .Alien, who pursued him with up
raised sword into the parade ground of the
garrison. .Alien then formed his men so as
to face the two barracks, and ordered three
huzzas. Another sentry, who had slightly
wounded an officer with a bayonet thrust,
and been struck in the head by Allen's
sword, begged for quarter, which was granted
on condition that he show the way to the
quarters of the commanding ofiicer, Captain
De La Place, which were in the second story
of a barrack. Allen strode up the stairway
and summoned Captain De La Place to
come out instantly or the whole garrison
would be sacrificed. De La Place appeared
at the door, trousers in hand, and asked by
what authority the demand was made, elicit
ing the reply, which has gone thundering
down the generations : "In the name of the
great Jehovah and the Continental Congress."
The dazed commandant wanted more infor
mation and began further parley, but Allen,
with drawn sword, and voice and manner
that admitted no trifling, repeated his de
mand for an immediate surrender. De La
Place had to comply and ordered his men to
parade without arms. All were treated by
.AUen with characteristic generosity but as
prisoners of war. After the capture, Arnold
again demanded the command, greatly to the
wrath of officers and men, and to end the
assumption the committee of war gave .AUen
a certificate signed by Edward Mott, chair
man, requiring him to keep command until
further orders from Connecticut or Congress.
The capture was made on the very day of
the first assembling of the Revolutionary
Congress. It was the first surrender of the
British flag, and had a great effect on the
spirits of the country. Lieutenant-Governor
Colden, in reporting it with other misfor
tunes to Governor Dartmouth, found his
consolation in the fact that "the only people
of any prominence that had any hand in
this expedition were that lawless people
whom your lordship has heard .so much of
under the name of the Bennington mob."
The capture was followed by a rapid suc
cession of brilliant strokes. Capt. Sam Her
rick and his detachment had simultaneously
captured Skeenesboro and Major Skeene, and
seized a schooner and several bateaux there.
Warner with a detachment of one hundred
men was dispatched to Crown Point, which
he captured the same day, with thirteen men
and sixty-one pieces of cannon. AUen and
.Arnold with their sloop and a lot of bateaux
proceeded to St. Johns on the i8th, where

24

ALLEN.

they or rather Arnold who went ahead of the
bateaux, captured the King's armed sloop
that was cruising the lake, and AUen attempt
ed a land attack though unsuccessful, being
attacked by a superior force, and compelled
to retire with a loss of three men.
The whole of Lake Champlain within a
little over a week had fallen into the hands
of the Revolutionists. With Ticonderoga
were taken without a blow, not only a fortress
that had cost Britain years of struggle and
vast expenditures of blood and treasure, but
stores of incalculable benefit to the army
near Boston, including one hundred and
twenty iron cannon, fifty swivels, ten tons of
musket balls, three cart-loads of flints, a ware
house full of material for boat building and a
large quantity of other supplies and material.
AUen's conceptions were Napoleonic. He
proposed at once to foUow up his success
with the capture of Canada, which was almost
depleted of British forces, there only being
about seven hundred regulars in the province,
and where a large part if not an actual major
ity of the people were ready to rise in sympa
thy. It was a great opportunity lost. If
there had been in Congress energy and fore
sight equal to AUen's the whole course of the
war would have been changed and the geog
raphy of America made a century ago what it
may take a century yet to make it. And Ethan
AUen would in all likelihood have ranked
next to Washington among the Revolutionary
commanders. AUen wrote to Congress May
29 : "The Canadians (all except the noblesse)
and also the Indians appear at present to be
very friendly to us ; and it is my humble
opinion that the more vigorous the colonies
push the war against the King's troops in
Canada, the more friends we shaU find in
that country."
He offered to "lay his life on it" that "with
fifteen hundred men and a proper train of
artiUery," he would take Montreal. Then
"there would be no insuperable difficulty to
take Quebec, and set up the standard of
liberty in the extensive province whose Umit
was enlarged purely to subvert the Uberties
of America." He pointed out that the only
possible defense for the British against such
a diversion would be to draw troops from
General Gage in front of Washington at
Boston, and the result would surely be to
"weaken General Gage or insure us of Can
ada." Lake Champlain, he shrewdly argued,
was "the key of either Canada or our country,
according as which party holds the same in
possession and makes a proper improvement
of it. The key is ours as yet, and provided
the colonies would suddenly push an army of
two or three thousand men into Canada, they
might make a conquest of aU that would op
pose them. •* * Our friends in Canada
can never help us until we help them."

The imagination cannot help but draw
pictures of the results of such a master
stroke. The enthusiasm following the cap
ture of Ticonderoga, and the successful
dashes about the Lake, gave the Americans
every advantage in pushing their victory.
The success of AUen's "political preaching"
a few months later showed how receptive
the Canadians were. (Even in September
James Livingston reported "them aU friends,
and a spirit of freedom seems to reign among
them. " ) And the dissatisfaction with British
rule that has continued ever since, with the
repeated though ill-fated uprisings to win
the independence the people of the States
had secured, indicate something of the tre
mendous advantage it would have been to
have these people as allies rather than ene
mies — a part of the new republic instead of a
base for British operations all through the war.
Burgoyne's expedition would never have
been thought of. The Indian alliances with
all their bloody work, which the officers of
the Crown negotiated, would have been be
yond their reach, and all the fighting that
was done by Indians would have been, under
the plans launched by Allen, on the side of
the colonists. How much this one fact
alone would have meant for American his
tory in the last one hundred years ! Allen's
project, with proper support, could hardly
have failed of success, because it would have
been undertaken with advantages that were
largely gone when the expeditions of the
fall were undertaken. If it had failed, its
defeat would have been accomplished by so
weakening Gage as to make it more than
probable that he would have been crushed
by Washington. On the other hand, it is to
be remembered that success would have
meant the incorporation of Canada, with
problems of church and state, of race and
education, with which, as we can now see,
our American system could not safely have
loaded itself, besides aU the other problems
it has had to solve. .And it would probably
have made impossible the independence of
A^ermont with its valuable additions to the
democratic thought of the age. So we can
see how the most disappointing things of
history do their part in working out mighty
results of righteousness.
Allen flooded the Continental Congress
and the provincial congresses of New York
and Massachusetts with letters and petitions
and arguments in favor of his project and in
remonstrance against a plan advanced in the
Continental Congress to remove the stores
and cannon of Ticonderoga to the south end
of Lake George, which he declared truly,
" meant ruin to the frontier settiements which
are extended at least 100 miles to the north
ward of that place." Backed by the pro
tests of Massachusetts, Connecticut and New

25

York, he secured the abandonment of that
plan. In the meantime he went ahead with
letters, proclamations and embassies to the
Indians and Canadians to prepare the way
for an invasion, exhibiting a vigor and adroit
ness that evidenced his high quality of lead
ership. May 1 8 he wrote the merchants of
Montreal, calling for provisions, ammuni
tion and Uquors, assuring them that it should
aU be paid for and that his orders were not
to "contend with or in any way injure or
molest" them, "but, on the other hand, to
treat them with the greatest friendship and
kindness." May 24 he addressed a letter to
the Indians, caUing them "brothers and
friends," telling them how King George's
troops had kUled some of their "good friends
and brothers at Boston,' how Ticonderoga
and Crown Point had been taken with all
their artUlery and two great armies raised,
one of which was coming to fight the King's
troops in Canada, and how he hoped the In
dians, as "good and honest men, would not
fight for King George against your friends
in America, as they have done you no wrong,
and desire to live with you as brothers ;"
how he had always been a friend to Indians
and hunted with them many times ; how his
warriors fought like the Indians in ambush,
while the British regulars stood all along
close together, rank and file ; how he would
give them blankets, tomahawks, knives, paint
and anything, and "my men and your men
will sleep together and eat and drink to
gether and fight regulars because they first
killed our brothers." The letter was most
shrewdly calculated to impress the Indian
mind, and its arguments were reinforced by
sending "our trusty and weU-beloved friend
and brother," Capt. Ninham of Stockbridge
and Winthrop Hoit of Bennington, who had
long lived among the Indians and was an
adopted son of one of the tribes, as embas
sadors to them to further explain the good
intentions of the Americans.
There is no doubt that if AUen's poUcy
had been promptly and systematically fol
lowed the trouble from the Indians in the
later years of the war might have been
greatly avoided. June 4 he issued a procla
mation to the French people of Canada,
appeaUng to their sense of "justice and
equitableness " not to "take part with the
King's troops in the present civO war against
the colonies," for they were fighting in a
common cause to "maintain natural and
constitutional rights," and assuring the peo
ple that his special orders were "to befriend
and protect you if need be ; so that if you
. desire our friendship you are invited to
embrace it, for nothing can be more unde
sirable to your friends in the colonies than a
war with their fellow-subjects the Canadians,
or with the Indians " "Pray," he added.

"is it necessary that the Canadians and the
inhabitants of the EngUsh colonies should
battle with one another ? God forbid ! There
is no controversy subsisting between you and
them. Pray, let Old England and the colon
ies fight it out, and you, Canadians, stand by
and see what an arm of flesh can do." But
his vigorous scheme of invasion was too much
for the nerveless control of that time. There
was indeed at first some disposition to apolo
gize for the seizure of Ticonderoga and Crown
Point, and it was not until autumn that an
invading army was put in motion. Allen
wrote, August 3, " I fear the colonies have
been too slow in their resolution and prepa-
tion." AUen and Warner went to Philadelphia
and Albany to urge the scheme on the con
tinental and provincial congresses. They
were received with considerable honor at
both places, though they were still placarded
as outlaws by the New York government.
The result, after long urging, was that the
New York Congress, on the recommendation
of the continental body, authorized the rais
ing of a regiment of Green Mountain Boys,
to be commanded by officers chosen by
themselves. Another mortification followed
for Allen, for when a committee of towns
met at Dorset, July 27, to choose a lieutenant-
colonel to command the regiment, Seth ^^'ar-
ner was elected by a vote of 41 to 5. Not
withstanding the high merit as an officer
always displayed by Warner, it is difficult to
account for this action, in view of Allen's
recent achievements, the large capacity he
had shown and the unanimity with which he
had been regarded as the leader only a few
weeks before. Allen himself, in a letter to
Governor Trumbull of Connecticut, attri
buted it to " the old farmers who do not in
cline to go to war," saying he was in the fa
vor of the officers of the army and the young
Green Mountain Boys. He hoped, however,
to get a commission from the Continental
Congress, and when, in the fall. General
Schuyler invited him to accompany the ex
pedition to Canada, with the understanding
that he should be regarded as an officer, and
have command of detachments as occasion
required, he accepted. But this service had
continued only about three weeks when it
was ended by his capture before Montreal.
Schuyler sent him on several expeditions
" preaching politics " and extending the work
he had so hopefully began to arouse and or
ganize the people of Canada into support of
the Revolution. He met with sweeping suc
cess ; the Canadians guided and guarded
him through the woods ; enthusiastic crowds
greeted him in the vUlages ; the Caughna-
waga Indians, some of whom had been among
the British skirmishers, sent him assurances
that they would not take up arms on either

26

ALLEN.

ALLEN.

side. September 20 he wrote to General
Montgomery that he had 250 Canadians
under arms, and that he could raise one or
two thousand in a week's time, but would
first visit the army with a less number and if
necessary go again recruiting, and he added :
" I swear by the Lord I can raise three times
the number of our army in Canada, provided
you continue the siege."
AU these hopes were dissipated by the
misadventure at Montreal, Sept. 24. While
returning to camp, as he had written to Mont
gomery, AUen met Maj. John Brown, the
Pittsfield lawyer, who had in the spring made
the reconnoitering expedition into Canada,
and had now entered the service, and who
was at the head of a force of about two hun
dred Americans and Canadians, and a plan
was concocted between them and their offi
cers to surprise and capture Montreal. Brown
was that night to cross the St. Lawrence
above the city and AUen below, and at a sig
nal of three huzzas, they were to attack si
multaneously. Brown, for some reason never
explained, failed to fulfill his part. Doubtless
some unforeseen obstacle prevented, for he
was a brave and capable officer ; but he was
kiUed at Stone Arabia, in the Mohawk vaUey,
in a battle with the Tories and Indians, Oct.
19, 1780, and his story about the Montreal
attack was never told. AUen crossed over
his force of no men, according to agree
ment, taking nearly the whole night for the
task, as he had but few canoes. When he
failed to get the signal from Brown, he saw
he was in a scrape, but concluded to stand
his ground as he could not get ofl over a
third of his force at a time, and the enemy
would surely discover the attempt. So he
dispatched a messenger to Brown and to
L'Assumption, a French settlement where
lived a Mr. Walker, who was on the side of
the patriots, to hurry on assistance. Allen's
hope was to hold his ground until aid could
arrive, and Walker had raised a considerable
force to march to him, when he learned of his
surrender. AUen placed guards between his
position and the town, with orders to let
nobody pass or repass. .A good many pris
oners were detained in this way early in the
day, but one of them managed to escape and
went to General Carlton in the city, who had
made every preparation to take refuge in his
ships, exposed the weakness of Allen's force,
and so brought on an attack in the middle of
the afternoon, before assistance could arrive.
Carlton marched out with a force of about
five hundred men, chiefly Canadians and
residents of the city, and including only
forty regulars. Allen's force was made up
of only thirty .Americans and eighty Cana
dians, but he was in a well-selected position,
and he defended it bravely and skillfully for
an hour and three-quarters, until nearly aU

his Canadians had deserted him, when he
finally surrendered with a force of thirty-one
effective men and seven wounded, on being
assured good quarters for himseU and men.
Schuyler and Montgomery both com
mented severely in letters and reports on
Allen's rashness in making the attack single-
handed, and this view was excusable with
the information they had at the time. They
knew nothing apparently of the plan of con
cert with Brown, or how surely it would have
succeeded if Allen had had the co-operation
he had a right to depend on. They only
knew the consequences of defeat, which were
so disastrous, putting "the French people
into great consternation," as Warner wrote,
and "changing the face of things," as a Tory
wrote to Governor FrankUn of New Jersey
(the son of the great Benjamin FrankUn).
"The Canadians," he added, "were before,
nine-tenths for the Bostonians ; they are now
returned to their duty."
But no such excuse can be urged for the
historian, Bancroft, who, writing with aU the
knowledge of later years, charges that Allen's
officers opposed the project, but that he
"with boundless rashness indulged himself a
vision of surprising Montreal as he had sur
prised Ticonderoga." Even Gov. Hiland
Hall was not fair and full when he said the
attempt was due to Allen's "ambition to dis
tinguish himself, and add to the laurels won
at Ticonderoga." The truth is that the at
tack instead of being a reckless exhibition of
Allen's vanity was planned after a full con
sultation, on the united judgment of all the
officers in both commands, and it only failed
by one of those miUtary accidents which can
never be provided against, in Brown's fail
ure to co-operate. Carlton practically ad
mits this in his report when he shows how
poorly prepared Montreal was for attack,
and how he was on the point of abandoning
the city when he learned from the escaped
prisoner of .AUen's weakness. The effect of
the failure on the Canadians only shows
correspondingly how beneficial the effect of
success would have been. The people were
wavering, chiefly to be on the winning side,
incUned to the American side, perhaps, but
fearful of the consequences if the British
prevailed. What was needed above aU else
was to impress them with confidence of
American success. Delay had dimmed the
eclat of Allen's victories on Lake Champlain,
but another brilUant stroke, like the capture
of Montreal, would revive it, powerfully im
press an imaginative people, and draw them
in great masses to the American standard.
Allen and Brown had, in their intercourse
with the people, learned the importance of
such a stroke, and hence the enterprise.
AUen's "narrative" of his captivity gives
us aU the information we have of it and it

ALLEN.

27

was full of exciting and characteristic inci
dents. He had just handed over his sword
when an Indian rushed up and attempted to
shoot him. AUen instantly twitched the
officer to whom he had handed his sword
between him and the savage. Then another
"imp of heU," as AUen described him, at
tacked and AUen only saved himself from
being murdered by twitching the officer
around him with such swiftness that neither
of the Indians could reach him or get
aim at him without endangering the officer.
He keep this up several seconds until
another officer and an Irishman interfered
and drove the Indians away. Allen then
walked with the officers to Montreal, meet
ing in the barrack yard General Prescott,
who, when he learned that it was the Colonel
Allen of Ticonderoga fame, broke into a tor
rent of abuse, shook his cane over Allen's
head until the latter shook his fist and as
sured the general that it would be " the
beetle of mortality" for him if he struck. It
would have been interesting to see this af
fair to its conclusion, but other officers
stayed its progress by reminding the enraged
general that it would be inconsistent with
his honor to strike a prisoner. Then Pres
cott, according to Allen's narrative, ordered
forward a sergeant's command to kill the
thirteen Canadians who were included in
the surrender. Allen's magnetic boldness,
as so often in his career, here served a use
ful purpose. He stepped between the ex
ecutioner and the prisoners, opened his
clothes and told Prescott to thrust the bayo
nets into his breast, for he was the sole cause
of the Canadians taking up arms. Prescott
was of course thrown into a quandary ; he
dared not execute a man of Allen's promi
nence, in violation of the capitulation, and
dared not carry out his brutal purpose
against the prisoners in the face of such a
man's protest. Allen had evidently calcu
lated on all this; his "recklessness" usually
had calculation behind it. As he says : "My
design was not to die, but to save tlie Cana
dians by a finesse." Prescott, after a little
hesitation, replied with an oath : "I will
not execute you now, but you shall grace a
halter at Tyburn."
Then began Allen's two years and eight
months of captivity, most of it fiUed with the
most brutal abuse, but relieved with a few
gleams of soldierly magnanimity. He was
first put on board the ship of war Gaspee in
the harbor and kept in irons six weeks. The
leg irons he describes as weighing thirty or
forty pounds with a bar eight leet long,
and so heavy that he could only lie on his
back. He wrote to Prescott and Carleton
protesting against such usage and contrast
ing it with that he had accorded to the
prisoners he took at Ticonderoga ; but with

out eliciting a reply, though he was finally
transferred to another ship where he was \ery
generously treated. The impression that he
always made on manly men was Ulustrated by
the conduct of Captain Littlejohn, the com
mander of the latter ship. The captain swore
that a brave man should not be treated like a
rascal on board his ship ; he refused to keep
AUen in irons, and gave him cabin fare with
the officers. So far did this friendship go
that when Littlejohn was challenged to a
duel he accepted .Allen's offer to act as his
second, going to the field in disguise, on
Allen's pledge of honor that whatever the re
sult of the duel he would return to the ship.
But this mark of confidence was prevented
by the interference of other British officers
who at the last moment settled the contro
versy without fighting. But this polite treat
ment lasted less than a fortnight when, on
the appearance of .Arnold before Quebec,
Allen and the other prisoners were placed on
board a merchantman, the Adamant, and
shipped to England. Their treatment under
the inspiration of a junto of Tories aboard
was most villainous. Thirty-four of them
were confined, hand-cuffed, in a little room
20x22, so dark that they could not see one
another, filled with vermin and an intoler
able stench, denied an adequate supply of
water, where suffering from diarrhcea and
fever they were compelled to eat, sleep and
perform aU the offices of life. AUen had a
fight before he would go into the filthy in
closure. He first protested against it as a
disgrace to honor and humanity, but was
told that it was good enough for a rebel, that
anything short of a halter was too good for
him, and that a halter would be his portion
as soon as he reached England. In the
course of the dispute a lieutenant among the
Tories spit in his face. Allen, hand-cuffed
as he was, sprang upon him, knocked him
partly down, pursued him in fury to the
cabin where the lieutenant, thoroughly
frightened, got under the protection of a file
of men with fixed bayonets. Allen chal
lenged the man out to meet him in hand
cuffs as he was, which the cowering fellow
would not do. But the soldiers finaUy forced
AUen at the point of the bayonet into the
hole. Arriving at Falmouth, in England, he and
his men were shut up for a few weeks whUe
the ministry decided what to do with him.
He was a subject of general interest. Bets
were laid in London that he would be
hanged. Parliament debated the question.
Crowds of people came to see what, up to
that time, was the most romantic, and, be
cause of what he had done, the most feared,
figure of the Revolution. He often, whUe
walking in the spacious parade of the castle,
would stop and harangue the crowds assem-

28

ALLEN.

bled to see him, teUing of the impractica
bility of Britain's conquering the colonies,
expatiating on American freedom, and im
pressing all with his boldness in such talk
while the question of his execution was still
under consideration. It was a part of a
shrewd game of bluff. Another part he
humorously details in telling how he " came
Yankee " over the prison authorities. He
asked for the privilege of writing a letter to
Congress, which the commander of the
castie granted after consultation with a su
perior officer. .Alien wrote in this letter of
his ill-treatment, how he and his companions
were kept in irons by General Carleton's
order, but urged Congress to desist from
retaliation until the results of the treatment
of himself and companions were known, and
then that the retaliation should be, "not
according to the smallness of my character
in America, but in proportion to the impor
tance of the cause for which I suffered."
The letter, of course, went, as expected,
straight to Lord North instead of Congress,
and its design, as AUen says, was " to intimi
date the haughty English government and
screen my neck from the halter." .Another
thing that helped him is that there was an
attempt to win him back to the British
cause. This fact has been found by B. F.
Stevens in official correspondence in the
British archives at London. An "officer of
high rank," whose name does not appear,
was sent to him to represent that the injuries
he had suffered from New York arose from
an abuse of an order in council, and if he
would return to aUegiance to the King he
should have a fuU pardon, his lands be re
stored to him, he and his men sent back to
Boston, and he placed in command of a
company of rangers ; but if he refused, they
must aU be disposed of as the law directs —
a deUcate way of intimating that he would
grace a gallows. Allen only makes a brief
aUusion to this incident.
But the event shows that he spurned the
bribe and dared the government to do its
worst. His bold demeanor won the sympathy
of Uberal-minded people. He learned after
wards, he says, that there was a move for a writ
of habeas corpus to obtain for him his liberty.
In consequence of all this, it was determined
in cabinet meeting, Dec. 27, to get rid of the
problem by ordering AUen and his associates
to be returned to America as prisoners of
war, and he was, Jan. 8, 1776, placed in irons
on board the man-of-war Solebay, Captain
Symonds, where he again had to undergo
harsh and brutal treatment. When the fleet
rendezvoused at Cork some benevolent gen
tlemen in that city undertook to supply the
prisoners with the necessaries which the
ship's officers denied, and sent aboard com
plete outfits of clothing, with sea stores.

meats, wines and Uquors, most of which
Captain Symonds promptly appropriated,
swearing that the "damned American rebels"
should not be feasted by the "damned rebels
of Ireland." A few guineas of money from
his generous friends, however, did remain
with Allen, and his conclusion from this af
fair and his other experience was that as a
people the Irish "excel in liberality and gen
erosity." He teUsof a characteristic encoun
ter he had with the captain sometime after
they left Cork. The purser was ordered not
to seU to Allen some medical suppUes of which
he was in need, and when Allen remonstrated,
saying he was sick, the captain replied that it
did not matter how soon he was dead ; he
was not anxious to preserve the lives of
rebels. Allen again contrasted, as he was
fond of doing, the treatment of their pris
oners by the Americans, and argued that as
the English government had not proceeded
against him as a capital offender, English
officers had no right to, but as he had been
acquitted by being sent back as a prisoner
of war he was entitled to be treated as such.
Furthermore, it was not policy for them
by harsh usage to destroy his life, for if
living he might redeem one of their officers.
The captain retorted in a rage that the Brit
ish would surely conquer the rebels, hang
Congress and the leaders, AUen in par
ticular, and retake their own prisoners, so
that his life was of no consequence in their
policy ; besides it was not owing to the hu
manity of the Yankees, but their timidity,
that they treated prisoners so weU. This
was really the prevalent idea up to Burgoyne's
surrender. AUen's reply was that if they
waited until they conquered America before
they hung him he should die of old age, and
in the meantime he would Uke to purchase
of the purser with his own money such arti
cles as he really needed. AUen came off
first best in the argument as he usually did ;
but he did not get the permission. The
fleet proceeded by way of Madiera to Cape
Fear in North CaroUna, where the prisoners
were all collected and put on board the frig
ate Mercury, Capt. James Montague, who
was even more bigotedly brutal in his treat
ment. He even forbade his surgeon to ad
minister help to any sick prisoner, many of
whom were suffering with scurvy, and cut
their food down to barely a third of the usual
allowance. AUen shared equally with the
rest, though the men offered him more.
From Cape Fear they went to Halifax, ar
riving about the middle of June, where AUen
managed to secure some alteration of their
treatment by sending a letter of complaint
through a sympathetic guard to Governor
Arbuthnot, who ordered them transferred to
the HaUfax jaU. AUen, however, there suf
fered severely from jail distemper, for which

ALLEN.

ALLEN.

29

he found a remedy in raw onions, which the
other prisoners used to advantage. In Octo
ber they were sent on board the Lark frigate,
bound for New York, Captain Smith, who
drew the first tears of his captivity from Allen
by his kindly and cordial treatment, inviting
him to dinner and assuring him that he
should be treated with respect by the whole
crew. Smith, it appears, had before got him
self into trouble with some of his superiors
by his vigorous protests against their inhu
man conduct towards the prisoners. Allen
expressed, as best he could, his gratitude at
this unexpected kindness, and his fear that
it would never be in his power to return the
favor. Smith repUed, like the hearty tar, the true
soldier he was, that he had no reward in
view ; he only aimed to treat his prisoner as
a gentleman should be treated ; but this, he
said, is a mutable world, and one gentleman
never knows how soon it may be in his power
to help another. This came true sooner
than he ever knew, for while the ship was
skirting along the coast, one of the prisoners.
Captain Burk, formed a conspiracy with an
under officer and some of the crew of the
ship to kiU the captain and the principal
officers and take the ship with ^35,000
sterling in the hold, into one of the Ameri
can ports. They laid the plan before Allen
and urged him to enUst the other prisoners
in the design. .Alien refused absolutely and
showed what a sorry return it was for the
chivalric kindness they had received. Asked
to remain neutral, he gave emphatic notice
that he would fight by Captain Smith's side
if the attempt was made, but he assured them
that if they would give up the project he
would respect their confidence and keep the
secret, guarding their Uves with the same
honor as he would Captain Smith's, and such
was his power over men and their faith in
him that the matter rested right there.
In November the prisoners were landed
in New York, where he was placed on parole
and remained for eighteen months in com
parative comfort himself, though he tells a
harrowing story of the way the private sol
diers were treated. He exerted himself a
good deal to aUeviate their condition, but
with Uttle success. He held Sir William
Howe personally responsible for these cruel
ties and in his "narrative" in his extravagant
style denounces him and James Loring, a
Tory, and the commissary of prisoners,
especiaUy, as "the most mean-spirited, cow
ardly, deceitful and detestable animals in
God's creation below, and legions of infer
nal devils, with aU their tremendous horrors,
are impatientiy ready to receive Howe and
him with aU their detestable accompUces
into the most exquisite agonies of the hottest
regions of heU fire."

Of the thirty-one men captured with him
two died in imprisonment, three were ex
changed and all the rest made their escape
at one time or another. It was while at New
York that the second attempt was made to
seduce his allegiance, by an officer who came
to his lodgings, told him that his fideUty,
though in a wrong cause, had recommended
him to General Howe, who wished to make
him colonel of a regiment of Tories ; pro
posed to send him back to England to be
introduced to Lord George Germaine, and
probably to the King, and return with Bur
goyne ; he should be paid richly in gold, in
stead of rag money, and receive for his ser
vices in reducing the country a large tract of
land in Connecticut or Vermont, as he pre
ferred. Allen replied that if by fidelity he
had recommended himself to General Howe,
he "should be loth by unfaithfulness to lose
the general's good opinion ; besides, I view
his offer of land to be similar to that which
the devil offered our Saviour, to give him all
the kingdoms of the world to fall down and
worship him, when the poor devil had not
one foot of land on earth."
AUen was exchanged May 3, 1778, for
Colonel Alexander Campbell, and after two
days of courteous entertainment at General
Campbell's headquarters he crossed New
Jersey to VaUey Forge, where he was enter
tained by Washington for several days and
received marked honors from Putnam, Gates,
Lafayette, Steuben and all the^ officers and
men who were heroically maintaining the
country's cause in its very darkest hour. He
wrote a letter to Congress offering his ser
vices to the cause in any capacity where he
could be useful, and then proceeded to Ben
nington, going most of the way in company
with Gates, who treated him royally, and
everywhere being received with acclamations
by the people, and reaching home Sunday
evening. May 31, where the expressions of
love and enthusiasm could not be restrained,
even in that orthodox populace, and cannon
boomed welcome from the people, who had
long supposed him dead. Fourteen guns
were fired, one for each state and one for
Vermont. His brother Heman had just died
at Salisbury, Conn., while he was on his
journey home. His only son had died dur
ing his captivity. His wife, in feeble health,
and four daughters were in Sunderland.
He at once asserted his old powers of
leadership. Another characteristic incident
introduced him to it. David Redding had
been convicted of treason and sentenced to
be hanged. A rehearing was petitioned for
on the ground that his conviction was a vio
lation of the common law, being by a jury
of six instead of twelve. Governor Chitten
den had granted a reprieve to June 11. The
populace, very bitter against Redding, was

3°

ALLEN.

ALLEN.

disappointed, angry, and threatening to take
the law into its own hands, when Allen ap
peared and cried : "Attention, the whole ! "
and he proceeded to explain the iUegaUty of
the trial, and told the people to go home and
return in a week, and they should " see a
man hung ; if not Redding, I will be.'' The
crowd obeyed. AUen was appointed attor
ney for the state at the next trial, and he
secured Redding's conviction.
He was selected to write a reply to a pro
clamation of clemency issued by Governor
Clinton the February previous, in which the
New York Governor charged Vermont's
wrongs to the British government whUe
New York was a colony, and offered to recall
the outlawry act, to revoke all unjust prefer
ence in grants, reduce the quit rents to the
New Hampshire basis, make the fees of
patents reasonable, and confirm all grants
made by New Hampshire. .AUen's reply, in
a pamphlet, was skillful, and made clear the
impracticability of what seemed and doubt
less was intended to be a fair proposition.
He showed that as a matter of fact most of
the New Hampshire and Massachusetts
grants had been covered by New York pat
ents and that as a matter of law it was impos
sible for New York to cancel her former grants,
and cited the opinion of the lords of trade
to that effect. Many people had been eager
to accede to Governor Clinton's terms, but
Allen's argument was so strong, the rights of
self-government so weU stated, that the tide
of public opinion was completely turned.
Probably it prevented a dissolution of the
state government. Here again, as well as
in the initial stages of the controversy, was
it true, as his best biographer, Henry Hall,
says : " But for him the state of Vermont
would probably never have existed."
He was three times sent on embassies to
Congress, first in August, 1778, with reference
to the trouble with New Hampshire over
the "Eastern union." He performed the
deUcate duties with great tact and reported
strongly advising the dissolution of that
union and saying that unless it was done "the
nation wiU annihUate Vermont." He was
again sent in 1779 with Jonas Fay, to defend
the new state's action, and to show Congress,
as they wrote July i, 1779, that they were
"wiUing that every part of the conduct of the
people we represent should at any convenient
time be fully laid before the Grand Council
of .America" but considering all the embar
rassments of the country "would be far from
urging a decision * '* until you can have
leisure to take it up deliberately." The third
mission was with Fay, Stephen R. Bradley,
Moses Robinson and Paul Spooner in 1 780 to
defend Vermont's case against the claims of
all three of the adjoining states, and the
duties were performed with skiU and address.

He was also, Oct. 19, 1799, appointed
agent to wait on the Council and General
Court of Massachusetts to negotiate for an
abandonment of the pretensions which the
latter state had raised to jurisdiction over
Vermont, and to secure her acknowledgment
of Vermont's independence. He was, in
October, 1779, though not a member of the
Assembly, appointed chairman of a commit
tee, consisting of himself, Reuben Jones,
Nathan Clark, and John Fassett, "to form
the outiines of a plan to be pursued for de
fense before Congress against the neighbor
ing states in consequence of a late act of that
body." He was repeatedly appointed on
legislative committees when not a member.
He was elected to the Legislature from
ArUngton, though his "usual home" was in
Bennington and his family Uved in Sunder
land, and he was allowed to act, though he
refused to take the oath expressing belief in
the divine inspiration of the Bible and pro
fession of the Protestant religion.
His military service after his release from
captivity was confined entirely to his own
state. Congress gave him the commission of
brevet brigadier-general, but did not call him
into the field. Perhaps the reason was the
suspicion of his loyalty that soon became
rife. The third effort to seduce him was pub
licly known before he knew it. The Legisla
ture made him major-general and comman
der-in-chief of the Vermont miUtia, and he
held the position for two years, but no active
service was required except to guard the
frontiers. In February, 1 780, Col. Beverly
Robinson, a Virginia Tory, wrote him a letter
alluding to the Vermont feeling over its treat
ment by Congress and inviting a negotiation
with the British. The letter was delivered to
him on the streets of ArUngton in July. Allen
showed it to Governor Chittenden and the
leading men of the state, and it was decided
to pay iio attention to it. The next March,
howeve-, while the Haldimand negotiation
was in \LiU progress, AUen sent the letter, with
a dupUc&Ac^which Robinson had impatiently
forwarded, to Congress, with a long screed of
his own, weU calculated to impress Congress
with the idea that it was running a great risk
of driving Vermont to the other side by its
unjust treatment. He said he was confident
Congress would not dispute his sincere attach
ment to the cause of his country, though he
did not hesitate to declare that he was fully
" grounded in the opinion that Vermont had
an indubitable right to agree on terms of ces
sation of hostiUties with Great Britain, pro
vided the United States persisted in rejecting
her application for a union with them ; for
Vermont of all people would be the most
miserable were she obliged to defend the in
dependence of the United States and they at-
the same time claiming full liberty to over-

ALLEN.

ALLEN.

31

turn and ruin the independence of Vermont."
He closed with the characteristic words :
" I am as resolutely determined to defend
the independence of ^'ermont as Congress
is that of the United States, and rather than
fail, wiU retire with my hardy Green Moun
tain Boys into the desolate caverns of the
mountains and wage war with human nature
at large."
The Haldimand negotiations are more
fuUy discussed in the sketch of Ira .Alien,
whose consummate shrewdness conducted
them to success. Ethan Allen was in the
secret of them aU, and at the time had to bear
more of the suspicion and odium than any
other man, but his part was chiefly that of
counsellor, with very Uttie of the active
work. There is reason for beheving that he
told Washington all about them in the begin
ning, and that the poUcy of protecting Ver
mont by fooUng the British had the tacit
approval of the country's chieftain. There
is no chance for reasonable beUef that .AUen
ever for a moment contemplated treason to
the .American cause ; he had twice spurned
offers when far more alluring. He was con
stantly and carefully looking after the arms
and equipments of the state, to keep her in
the best condition for defense. In Decem
ber, 1780, even while the charges of treason
were getting loudest against him, he was ne
gotiating with Governor Trumbull of Con
necticut for two tons of powder, to resist an
invasion from Canada. He offered, April
14, 1781, when there seemed to be a chance
that the British could no longer be kept off
by diplomacy, in a letter to Governor CUn
ton, his own services and those of two other
Vermont officers to defend New York against
their cruel invaders.
The only question is whether in his deceit
of the British he went beyond the lines of
honor. The worst piece of evidence is a
letter 'written to Haldimand, June 16, 1782,
and closing with these words : "I shaU do
everything in my power to render this a
British province." The letter was unsigned,
but it read 'S'ery AUenish, and has generally
been beUeved to have been 'written by him.
AUen, as commander of the A^ermont army
in 1 78 1, concluded a truce with the British
forces while the negotiations were in prog
ress, and he got the northern parts and
frontier of New York included in it. He
reported these doings to Colonel Webster
and General Schuyler, and warned the latter
of a project to capture his person, assuring
him that the "surmises of my corresponding
with the enemy to the prejudice of the
United States are wholly without founda
tion." Captain Sherwood, who came to
Allen's headquarters at Castleton as an en
voy from Haldimand, reported .Alien as bar
gaining hypothetically for himself and for

the state, but the report of his terms con
cludes with this significant condition: "If,
however. Congress should grant A'ermont a
seat in that assembly as a separate state,
then these negotiations to be at an end and
be kept secret on both sides."
But the wildest reports of his treachery
flew about the country. Some of them even
represented him at the head of Britis'n troops
in Canada. The feeling grew at home and
finally focussed in an arraignment before the
Legislature in November, 1782, for miscon
duct in the armistice. This is what appears
in the "Governor and Council" minutes as
the "Captain Hotchkiss Resolutions." The
record is very meagre. Fay and Bradley,
who were on his staff at Castleton, testified,
and apparently convinced aU that nothing
improper had been done. .AUen resigned
his commission, evidently deeply hurt that
after all he had done for the people he
should be subject to such suspicion ; that, as
he said, "such false and ignominious asper
sions" were entertained against him for a
moment, and he indignantly left the house,
declaring that he would "hear no more of
it." The Legislature appointed a committee
of two to express the state's thanks for .Al
len's services, and then accepted the resigna
tion which Allen had offered "because there
was uneasiness among some of the people on
account of his command," but he patriot
ically said he would ever be ready "to serve
the state according to his abilities," if ever
necessary. The next spring he was chosen general of
the brigade of militia, but refused to accept,
though with a repetition of his promise to
serve the state in an unofficial capacity in
case of need. In December, 1781, when
New York attempted force to get control of
the state, AUen was present with the force of
A'ermont miUtia that defeated the project,
not nominally in command, but evidently at
the request of Governor Chittenden, as his
account against the state for that service was
aUowed. The rest of his days were passed in pri
vate life, but with recognition on every side
as the leader of the state. In 1782 he was
called to the field, as he had been two years
previously, to quiet the rebellious "Yorkers"
in Windham county, and when his party was
fired on by ambushed men in Guilford he
walked into the town on foot and gave his
famous warning that unless the inhabitants
of the town peacefully submitted to the au
thority of the state of Vermont he would
"lay it as desolate as Sodom and Gomorrah."
When Shay's rebeUion was started in
Alassachusetts, messengers were sent to him
offering him the chief command, but he con
temptuously refused it, ordered the messen
gers out of the state, notified the Massachu-

32

ALLEN.

ALLEN.

setts authorities, and also exerted himself
vigorously to prevent the insurgents from
making Vermont a place of refuge. Though
so long posted as an outlaw, though a leader
of revolutionists and a discourser on human
rights through all his active career, and
though seemingly so recklessly extravagant
in his talk, he was always the friend of law
and order. His revolutionism was only
against what was so plainly wrong as to be
in ethics and morals iUegal.
In 1787 he moved to BurUngton, where he
devoted himseU to farming. He died, Feb.
12, 1789, at the age of only fifty-one, while
on his way home from South Hero, where he
had been for a load of hay, and had spent
the afternoon and evening previous, at the
invitation of Col. Ebenezer Allen, with a
party of old friends. On the journey his ¦
negro attendant spoke to him several times
and received no reply, and on reaching home
he was found to be unconscious with apo
plexy. He died a few hours later. He was
buried with military honors, and his remains
rest in a beautiful vaUey near the Winooski.
The Legislature in 1885 ordered a monu
ment to be erected over his grave, a Tuscan
column of granite 42 feet high, and 4 1-2 feet
in diameter. A commanding statue of him
designed by Mead, of Vermont marble,
stands in the portico of the Capitol at
Montpelier. Another by the same great
sculptor, of Italian marble, is in the Capitol
at Washington. The earliest statue of him
was modeled by B. H. Kinney, a native of
Sunderland, back in the early fifties. It was
pronounced by aged people who had seen
him, an exceUent likeness, but it is stiU pri
vate property. A fourth statue of heroic
size, designed by Peter Stevenson, was un
veiled at Burlington, July 4, 1873, and sur
mounts the AUen monument.
Allen's first wife was Mary, daughter of
Cornelius and Abigail (Jackson) Brownson,
of Woodbury, Conn. The earlier historians
used to say that she died in Connecticut
during the war, but on the authority of a
remembered statement of Dr. Ebenezer
Hitchcock it is now believed that she died
in Sunderland about 1783 from consumption,
and was buried in Arlington. Some verses
in her memory, the only attempt at poetry
Allen ever made, were published in the Ver
mont Gazette of July 10, 1783, and are well
worth preservation, for his recognition, how
ever skeptical he may have been himself, of
the sublime power of the Christian faith in
his wife :
Farewell, my friends; the fleeting world, adieu,
My residence no longer is with you ;
My children I commend to Heaven's care,
And humbly raise my hopes above despair;
And conscious of a virtuous, transient strife.
Anticipate the joys ofthe next life;
Yet such celestial and ecstatic bliss
Is but a part conferred on us in this.

Confiding in the power of God most high.
His wisdom, goodness, and infinity
Displayed, securely I resign my breath
To thc cold, unrelenting stroke of death.
Trusting that God, who gave me life before.
Will still preserve me in a state much more
Exalted, mentally beyond decay,
In the blest regions of eternal day.
No Stone was ever erected to her memory.
She bore Allen one son and four daughters.
The son died at the age of eleven. Two of
the daughters died unmarried and one mar
ried Eleazer W. Keyes of Burlington and the
other Samuel Hitchcock of Burlington, and
was the mother of Gen. E. A. Hitchcock.
AUen was married a second time, Feb. 9,
1 7 84, to Mrs. Frances Buchanan, the widowed
daughter of Crean Brush, the Tory, the man
who had led in the New York Legislature in
passing the act of outlawry against him and
procured the reward to be offered for his
head. The story of this marriage is romantic
and again illustrative of Allen's rough-and-
ready audacity. Mrs. Buchanan, who was
twenty-two years his junior, and a woman of
grace, culture and fascination, was living with
her mother in the house of Stephen R. Brad
ley at Westminster, where she frequently met
Alien with other leading men of the state,
and a sort of friendship, that was still half of
antagonism, grew up between these two
strong and original natures. Its character
may be judged from a remark to John Nor-
tin, the ex-Tory tavern keeper at Westmin
ster, who one day said to her: "Fanny, if
you marry General AUen you wiU be queen
of a new state." "Yes," she retorted scorn
fully, "if I should marry the devil I would
be queen of heU."
But early that February morning AUen
drove up with a span of dashing black horses
and a colored driver. It was during a
session of the Supreme Court, and the
judges were at breakfast. He declined an
invitation to partake, saying he had break
fasted, and passed without ceremony into
Mrs. Buchanan's part of the house, where
he found her in a morning gown, standing
on a chair, arranging some glass and china
on the upper shelf of a closet. After a few
moments' playful chat, AUen said : "Well,
Fanny, if we are to be married, now is the
time, for I am on my way to Arlington."
"Very weU," she repUed, descending from
the chair, "but give me time to put on my
Joseph." AUen led her into the room where
the judges, having finished their breakfast,
were smoking their long pipes, and accost
ing his old friend, Chief-Justice Robinson,
asked him to tie the knot. "When?" said
the judge in surprise. "Now," repUed
AUen. "For myseff I have no great opinion
of such formality, and from what I can dis
cover she thinks as littie of it as I do, but
as a decent respect for the opinions of man
kind seems to require it, you wiU proceed."

ALLEN.

ALLEN.

33

The ceremony reached the point where
the judge asked Ethan if he promised to live
with Frances, " agreeable to the law of
God." "Stop ! stop !" cried AUen, and paus
ing and looking out of the window he added :
"The law of God as written in the great
book of nature ? Yes! Goon!" Without
further interruption the service was com
pleted, the bride's trunk and guitar case were
placed in the sleigh and the pair driven
across the mountain to the general's home.
By this second wife there was one daughter
and two sons. After his death the daughter
entered a nunnery in Canada and died there.
The sons were Hannibal and Ethan A., and
became officers of the United States Navy.
The latter had a son, since well known. Col.
Ethan Allen of New York.
Little that Allen wrote has been preserved
to the present day. Among his works, besides
those mentioned on previous pages, was
his " Vindication of Vermont and Her Right
to Form an Independent State," a forceful
argument of one hundred and seventy-two
pages, written in 1779 and published under
authority of the Governor and Council. In
1779 also appeared his "Narrative" from
which his biographers have all got most of
their material. In 1778 appeared his "An-
imadversary Address" in answer to Governor
Clinton ; in 1780, "Concise Reputation of the
Claims of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and
New York to the Territory of Vermont," which
he and Jonas Fay had prepared with much
care ; and in 1782 a" Defense of the Eastern
and Western Unions." In 1774 his most am
bitious pamphlet on the New York contro
versy appeared, a document of over two hun
dred pages and an exhaustive discussion of
the historical aspect of the case, showing that
prior to the royal order of 1764 New A'ork
had no claim to extend easterly to the Con
necticut river. In 1784 he brought out the
work on which he expected his fame to rest,
his "Oracles of Reason," printedat Benning
ton, which he called a " Compendious Sys
tem of Natural ReUgion " and consisting as
he described it in a letter to St. John de Cre-
vecoeur of "the untutored logic and saUies
of a mind nursed principally in the moun
tain wilds of America." It was a volume of
four hundred and seventy-seven pages, an
infidel work, denying the inspiration of the
scriptures, but energetic in its expressions of
veneration for the being and perfection of
the Deity and its firm beUef in the immortal
ity of the soul. It was laid a good deal on
the same Unes as Paine's "Age of Reason,"
without Paine's caustic style of debate but
with a larger and healthier view of things eter
nal. There was a presumptuous tone to it that
greatly marred it, and yet much of high ideals,
of humanitarian sentiment and of insight
beyond things material to things spiritual. He
had aU his life been in the habit of jotting down

his thoughts on these subjects, and indeed
the work was planned in his youth, and there
is reason to beUeve that some of it was the
contribution of Dr. Thomas Young, one of the
ablest men of his times, an influential friend
of Vermont in later years and the intimate
of .-\llen in his Connecticut days. Both de
lighted in battUng against New England
orthodoxy, then wrote in conjunction, and it
was agreed that the one that outlived the
other should publish their stuff. AUen left
his manuscript with Young, on going to Ver
mont, and on his release from captivity after
Young's death obtained it from the latter's
family, and elaborating the material as he had
leisure, finally pubUshed it. But it was a
failure, and a great disappointment to him.
The sale was limited, and a large portion of
the fifteen hundred volumes burned in the
printing office, and it brought on him an op
probrium much like that suffered by Paine.
There have been two theories about Allen,
one that he was a hero, the other a humbug,
aijd about them has centered a vast deal of
discussion, but all of it fragmentary, without
a view in its wholeness of his work or char
acter. That there was a big streak of hum
bug in him is indubitable, and the anecdotes
of himself that he tells with most relish are
those where he made the humbug work. He
was overfuU of faith in himself, to the point
of vanity and bombast at times. He was
often a heavy drinker, and that fact may ex
plain many of the things that showed worst
in him. He was also, as Disraeli said of
Gladstone, in the habit of getting "intoxicated
with the exuberance of his own rhetoric"
— and blasphemy. But after making
every allowance, there is no denying his
greatness — the greatness of his influence on
his times, of the work wrought out by the
force of his personality, of the results of
what he achieved, as well as attempted, but
missed, by the fault of others, and of the
greatness that was the foundation of it all,
the ideals above and beyond self that guided
him. He was too big-minded to ever be
mean. Once when sued on a note he employed
a lawyer to have execution stayed a short
time. The lawyer, as the easiest way to do
this, denied the signature. Allen arose in
court in a rage and shouted : "Sir, I did not
employ you to come here and lie. The
note is a good one, the signature is mine.
.AU I want is for the court to grant me suffi
cient time to pay it."
Another court anecdote, not so creditable
and perhaps to be accounted for on the in
toxication theory, Gladstonian or alcoholic,
was at the trial at Westminster, in May,
1779, of the thirty-six Yorkers who had
rescued two cows from an officer who had
seized them because their owners had re
fused to do military duty on the frontier or

34

ALLEN.

to pay for substitutes. Three had been
discharged for want of evidence, and three
more because minors. Allen, who was there
by order of Governor Chittenden, with one
hundred soldiers to support the court, heard
of it and strode into court to warn it not to
let the offenders slip through its hands.
With hat on and sword swinging by his side
he began to attack the lawyers. Chief-Jus
tice Robinson said reprovingly that the court
would gladly listen to him as a citizen, but
not as a military man in military attire.
Allen threw his hat on the table and un
buckled his sword, exclaiming, " For forms
of government let fools contest ; whate'er is
best administered is best." Then, as the
judges began whispering together, he added,
" I said that fools might contest, not your
honors, not your honors." Then he told
how he had come fifty miles to support the
prosecution of the " enemies of our noble
state," and some of them are escaping "by
the quirks of this artful lawyer, Bradley ;"
and " this little Noah Smith," the state's
attorney, " is far from understanding his
business, since he at one moment moves for
a prosecution and in the next wishes to
withdraw it. Let me warn your honors,"
and turning to Smith he said, " I would have
the young gentleman know that with my
logic and reasoning, from the eternal fitness
of things, I can upset his Blackstones, his
Whitestones, his gravestones and his brim
stones." The miUtary quality of his theological
views in the heat of dispute was shown in his
retort to John Norton, the Westminster tav
ern keeper, who said regarding the then new
theories of UniversaUsm : "That reUgion
will suit you, will it not. General?"
Allen, who knew Norton to be a Tory, re
pUed scornfully ; "No ! No ! for there must
he a hell in the other world for the punish
ment of Tories."
In 1778 he complained of his own brother
Levi as a Tory, charging that he had passed
counterfeit continental money and under the
pretense of helping him while a prisoner on
Long Island, had been detected in supplying
the British with provisions. He stated that
Levi had real estate in Vermont and peti
tioned that it might be confiscated to the
public treasury. For this Levi challenged
him to a duel, but Ethan retorted that it
would be disgraceful to fight a Tory.
The eccentricity of his vanity was illus
trated while he was on his way to New York
after the capture of Ticonderoga. He stop
ped at Bennington and went into the church
where Rev. Mr. Dewey was fervently thank
ing the Lord in his prayer for that victory
for our arms. AUen got impatient as these
thanks to the Giver of all good were pouring
up, and shouted : "Parson Dewey !" No at

tention was paid to him, but the thanksgiv
ing stiU went on. "Parson Dewey !" again,
and again no stop. "Parson Dewey !" -AUen
thundered the third time, springing to his
feet as the minister opened his eyes in as
tonishment. "Parson Dewey, please make
mention of my being there !"
Another anecdote, out of the many thait
have come down, gives a gUmpse of his
make-up on several of its sides. While he
was on his way to England as a prisoner,
and in irons, he discovered that the pin or
wire that fastened one of the handcuffs was
broken, and he extracted the pieces with his
teeth, unloosed the bolt, and then freeing
that hand soon had the other and his feet at
liberty. He replaced the irons before his
keeper came in, but was able afterwards to
Uberate himself at pleasure. One day the
captain ordered him to be brought on deck
in order to make sport of him, and as
though to frighten a land lubber, said there
was a probability of the ship's soon founder
ing, and asked : "If so, what will become of
us, especially you, Mr. Allen, a rebel against
the King?" "My !" repUed Allen, "that would
be very much like our dinner hour." "How
so?" "I'd be on my way up just as you
were going down." The joke was theologi
cal, but founded on the fact that Allen was
allowed to come on deck only when the
captain went down to his cabin to dine.
But the captain was mad, began a regular
tirade of abuse, and promised that "all the
rebels wiU soon be in the same situation as
yourself." Ethan's choler also arose, and in
a twinkUng, raising his hands to his teeth,
he had the pins and bolts unlocked and the
irons thrown overboard, and while the crowd
stood paralyzed with astonishment, actuaUy
seized the captain and threw him headlong
on the deck ; then turning to the affrighted
crew he declared in a voice of thunder : "If I
am insulted again during the voyage I'U sink
the ship and swim ashore."
He had the fondness of a superior mind
for the companionship of able men. His
early intimacy with Dr. A'oung was only the
forerunner of many like it, and one of the
pleasantest was that with the cultured St.
John de Crevecoeur, French consul at New
York, and after whom he procured St. Johns-
bury to be named, as well as DanviUe and
Vergennes after other eminent Frenchmen ;
and great men, both of his and latter times,
have always admired him, even if they
didn't like. John Jay, found his writings to
be characterized by "wit, quaintness, and
impertinence." The EngUshman, Col. John A. Graham,
who wrote a series of letters from Vermont
in the last century, found Allen to be an
"extraordinary character," possessing "great
talents, but is deficient in education ; in aU

WARNER.

WARNER.

35

his deaUngs he possesses the strictest sense
of honor, integrity, and uprightness."
"A character strangely marked by both
excellences and defects," is the verdict of
Jared Sparks, whose biography finds him
"brave, generous, consistent, true to his
friends, true to his country, seeking at aU
times to promote the best interests of man
kind." Governor HaU, in his study of him, was
impressed with the extent and accuracy of
his political information, and with his style
of writing, as one to "attract and fix atten
tion, and inspire confidence in his sincerity
and justice."
Judge D. P. Thompson's summary at
tributes to him, "wisdom, aptitude to com
mand, ability to inspire respect and confi
dence, a high sense of honor, generosity,
and kindness."
Zodack Thompson finds in him "un
wavering patriotism, love of freedom, wisdom,
boldness, courage, energy, perseverance,"
but too much "self-sufficiency and personal
vanity." WARNER, Seth,— The ablest soldier
of Vermont's youth, was, like nearly all the
leaders of the state's formative period, a
native of, Connecticut, being born at that
part of Woodbury then Roxbury Parish,
and now Roxbury, Conn., May 17, 1743,
and he returned there to die, forty-one years
later. He early joined the movement to the
New Hampshire grants, which were begin
ning to be settled after the close of the
French and Indian war, and were soon to
become the Eldorado of New England agri
culture. He came to Bennington in 1765,
and being a skUled botanist, though he had
had only a common school education, and
an ardent huntsman, the life was just of the
kind to delight him ; judging by his circum-
-stances, these pursuits absorbed more of his
energies than the more prosaic work of
farming. He was once or twice a member
•of the conventions of settlers, though he
had littie ambition to play a political part.
Eut his quasi-mUitary operations were always
useful and in demand in the controversy
¦with New York. His residence in Benning
ton was less than a mUe from the New York
line, and outside of the settlement, and yet
despite the indictments and heavy rewards
-offered, the Yorkers never succeeded in cap
turing him. Once a New York officer,
armed to the teeth, found and attempted
to arrest him. Warner attacked and wounded
¦and disarmed the man, but with the spirit of
a soldier spared his life. Warner was, in
1 771, elected by a convention a captain of
one of the companies in the regiment of
-Green Mountain Boys organized to resist
JMew York authority, and the story of its

wUd, rollicking and romantic work is very
much the same as to Warner's part as any
of the other leaders. He was prompt and
eager to go with his comrades into the revo
lution, and to join the expedition to Ticon
deroga. He was left with the rear guard,
the bulk of the party, on the east shore of
the lake unable to get across, at the time
of the capture of that fortress, but he was
sent the next day with a detachment of men
to take Crown Point, which he accomplished
successfully, the fortress surrendering at the
first summons, with two men and sixty-one
good cannon, besides a lot unfit for service.
He earnestly seconded Allen's efforts for an
invasion of Canada, going with him to
Philadelphia and Albany, to urge it on the
Continental and provincial congresses. It
looked for a time as if the controversy be
tween New York and the people on the
grants was to disappear in the enthusiasm
over the capture of Ticonderoga, for not
only were .Alien and Warner cordially re
ceived when they appeared before the Pro
vincial Congress, but they were both willing
and eager to lead troops raised under New
York authority, and the Congress passed a
resolution authorizing the raising of a regi
ment among the lately rebeUious people to
be commanded by officers chosen by them
selves. Allen in his impulsive generosity
wrote to the Provincial Congress : "When
I reflect on the unhappy controversy which
has many years subsisted between the gov
ernment of New York, and the settlements
of New Hampshire grants, and also con
template on the friendship and union that
hath lately taken place between the govern
ment and these its former discontented sub
jects, in making a united resistance against
ministerial vengeance and slavery, I cannot
but indulge fond hopes of reconciliation.
To promote this salutatory end, I shall con
tribute my influence, assuring your honors,
that your respectful treatment, not only to
Mr. Warner (Seth Warner) and myself, but
to the Green Mountain Boys in general, in
forming them into a battalion, are by them
duly regarded, and I wiU be responsible that
they will retaliate this favor by wholly haz-
ardizing their lives, if need be, in the com
mon cause of America. I hope no gentle
man in Congress will retain any precon
ceived prejudice against me, as on my part
I shall not against any of them ; but as soon
as opportunity may permit, and the public
cause not suffer thereby, shaU hold myself
in readiness to settle all former disputes and
grievances on honorable terms." But the
land jobbers evidently got in their work
soon to check this flood of good feeling.
For when the regiment had been raised and
Warner elected its colonel — much to the
mortification of Allen — the New York gov-

36

WARNER.

WARNER.

ernment neglected to give him his commis
sion, for it appears by General Montgom
ery's note book that after the regiment had
reached Canada and joined in the operations
the General appointed him colonel, and re
quested him to be obeyed as such. The
New York Congress had not only withheld
commissions from the regiment, but had
asked the Continental Congress to do the
same, and the demand was several times
afterward repeated. January 20, 1777, the
New York Congress adopted a report declar
ing that "The said Seth Warner hath been
principally concerned in riots, outrages and
cruelties against the former government of
this state, and is otherwise utterly unfit to
command a regiment in the Continental ser
vice," and insisting that it is absolutely neces
sary to disband the regiment and "recaU the
commissions given to Colonel Warner and
the officers under him ; as nothing else wiU
do justice to us and convince these deluded
people that Congress have not been prevailed
on to assist in dismembering a state." But
no attention was paid to the demand, although
New York was profuse in promises to raise
extra troops enough beyond her quota to
make up for the disbandment of this regi
ment, and yet it was but Uttle more than
a year after this that New York was relying
on Warner and this regiment mainly for the
protection of her own frontiers — an arduous
and exhausting service which Warner cheer
fully rendered, and in which really he lost his
Ufe. When the invasion of Canada was finally
begun in the fall of 1775, Warner and his
Green Mountain Boys joined it within three
days. Montgomery promptly sent him with
a part of his men to the St. Lawrence and
vicinity of Montreal to watch the motions of
the enemy. With three hundred men he
repulsed Carlton when the latter attempted
with eight hundred men to join McLean and
raise the siege. Warner watched the British
as they embarked from Montreal, permitted
them to approach very near the south shore
and then poured a hot fire into them, throw
ing them into disorder and compelling a
retreat. It was well and gallantly done.
After repulsing Carlton and maneuvering
McLean back to Quebec, he erected a
battery at the mouth of the Sorel to com
mand the passage of the St. Lawrence and
block up Carlton in Montreal. Carlton
managed to escape down the river to Que
bec, and Montgomery took possession of
Montreal Nov. 13. But General Prescott
attempting to escape with a number of
armed vessels loaded with provisions and
mUitary stores, was captured at the mouth
of the Sorel with one hundred and twenty
men. Warner also commanded at an action

at Longueil in which Montgomery com
mended his bravery and prudence.
November 20, as the regiment had served
only as volunteers and was too miserably
clad to endure a winter's campaign, Mont
gomery discharged it with peculiar marks of
respect. But the gaUant boys had hardly
got home when General Wooster wrote
Warner, telling of the desperate straits the
invading army was in after the repulse at
Quebec, and the sickness and desertions
from which it was suffering and urging him
to raise a body of men and hasten to their
support until relief could come from the
colonies. " Let them come," General Woos
ter wrote, " by tens, twenties, thirties, forties
or fifties, as fast as they can be prepared to
march." Eleven days afterward the valiant
and energetic \Varner was again marching a
regiment northward. The men had become
habituated to turn out at his call, they had
unbounded confidence in his vigilance, pru
dence and courage, and they loved him as
few officers are loved by their soldiers. He
was affable and famUiar with the humblest
private without sacrificing any of the dignity
necessary to command.
The campaign was an extremely distress
ing one. The troops, even the freshly-armed
Green Mountain Boys, lacked comfortable
clothing, barracks and provisions. When
the retreat was made, Warner was placed in
command of the rear guard and did good
and skillful service in covering the retreat,
picking up the wounded and distressed, and
keeping generally only a few mUes ahead of
the British advance, who pursued closely
from post to post. He brought off most of
the invalids, and with this corps of diseased
and infirm, arrived at Ticonderoga a few
days after the main column.
July 5, 1776, shortly after the final aban
donment of Canada, Congress resolved, on
a report of the board of war, to organize a
regiment of regular troops for permanent
service, to be under command of officers
who had served in Canada. Warner was
appointed colonel of this regiment, which
was raised chiefly in Vermont, and Samuel
Safford lieutenant-colonel. Warner was at
Ticonderoga with his regiment through the
whole of the remainder of the campaign of
1776, and did some efficient service in pro
tecting that post.
In the 1777 campaign, with its invasion
by Burgoyne, Warner went to work with his
accustomed activity to meet it. He issued
a stirring appeal to aU Vermonters and wrote,
July 2, from Rutland to the convention at
Windsor, that an atiack was expected at Ti
conderoga, and urging that all men who
could possibly be raised be forwarded at
once.^ "I should be glad," he said, "if a
few hills of corn unhoed should not be a mo-

WARNER.

37

tive sufficient to detain men at home." He
reached Ticonderoga with 900 men, mainly
Vermont miUtia, July 5, in season to assist
in its defense, but St. Clair and his council
of war resolved to abandon the post that
night, before Burgoyne's investment was com
pleted. Warner was again placed in com
mand of the rear guard. He was overtaken
by Fraser, in command of the British ad
vance, on the morning of July 7, and the re
sult was the weU-planned and splendidly
fought, but most unlucky, battie of Hubbards-
ton. Warner had about 1,000 men, consist
ing of his own and Colonel Francis, and
Colonel Hale's New Hampshire and Massa
chusetts regiments. The British for cenum-
bered rather more, besides Riedesel's in
fantry and reserve corps following three
miles behind. Hale got detached and w.as
captured, and Francis fell while charging for
the third time at the head of his regiment.
StiU Warner fought on vvith the utmost gal
lantry and with skillful dispositions and had
the laattle nearly won when Reidesel's rein
forcements arrived. Warner himself was
surrounded with a smaU party at one time,
but fought his way out. Only when defeat
was evidently overwhelming did he give up.
There is a story, not supported by incontes
table proof, however, that he then gave an
¦order not found in any tactics, for every man
to take to the woods and meet him at Man-
¦chester. He himself safely conducted a re
treat with a small remnant to Fort Edward.
The historian, Bancroft, is even more
unjust than in his strictures on Allen at
Montreal, when he says that Warner had en
camped at Hubbardston contrary to St. Clair's
instructions, and calls the fight a rash one.
St. Clair had ordered him to keep the British
in check while the main army made its
escape. Besides, it was a good opportunity
for St. Clair, who was only six mOes distant,
at Castieton, to turn upon the pursuing
column and crush it. Burgoyne, with the
rest of his army, was on the ships in the
lake and beyond supporting distance. War
ner would have made the day victorious but
for the arrival of Riedesel's reinforcements,
and successfully resisted them for a time.
And yet Riedesel had three mUes to march
¦while St. Clair would have had only six.
When Riedesel arrived with his three Ger
man bataUions, Fraser took him by the
hand and thanked him for the timely rescue.
Tf Warner had run for Fort Edward without
¦fighting, as Bancroft seems to think he
¦ought, it would have reversed the conditions
and given the British a chance to beat the
Americans in detaU, and very possibly St.
Clair would have been unable to reach
Schuyler with a single soldier.

\\'arner arrived at Manchester a few days
after with about one hundred and fifty effect
ives, where he maintained a bold front until
the New Hampshire men had time to rally,
and it very likely saved the stores at Ben
nington from a descent by Riedesel from
Castieton. He adopted, in agreement with
Stark, the plan of arresting Burgoyne's ad
vance, harassing his flanks. Schuyler con
sented to it most reluctantly and only after
he found that Stark would not obey his
orders to join him in Burgoyne's front.
Washington approved these tactics which
Warner had inaugurated, and it was ob
viously the only thing to do in the pres
ent junction, because it would compel
Burgoyne to weaken his column to guard
points in the rear, while time was the one
thing necessary to gather and organize a
sufficient force to arrest his progress in the
front. Schuyler, after he had assented to the
plan, did his best to make it effective, send
ing Warner $4,000 and an order for whatever
clothing he could procure at Albany. The
result was not only a gain of over a month
of precious time, but to make the Benning
ton expedition for supplies a necessity for
Burgoyne. \\^arner was with Stark two days before
the battle of Bennington, August 16, 1777,
aided in planning the attack on Raum's in
trenchments, and rode about the field with
the General early in the fight. The battle
was planned and fought with a degree of
military talent that would have done no dis
credit to any service in Europe, and Stark
in his official report expressed his particular
obUgations to Warner, "whose superior skiU
was of great service." Warner himself had
hurried on at the first tidings brought by his
admirable scouting service of the approach
of the British to capture the stores which had
been accumulated at Bennington to be for
warded to Ticonderoga. But his regiment had
so large a number off scouting that it couldn't
start on the 14th, but had to wait for the
parties to come in. The next day they
started under command of Major Stafford,
but owing to a heavy rain it was midnight
before they arrived within a mile of Benning
ton. Their ammunition was wet, and a
considerable part of the next day was ex
hausted before they could get to the scene
of the battle. They arrived, however, most
opportunely, just as Breyman had come with
reinforcements for the British, after the day
had once been won by the Americans, who
were now scattered about gathering up
plunder. It was by Warner's earnest advice,
and against Stark's first impression, that the
fresh troops were at once thrown against
Breyman, instead of retreating to rally the

38 WARNER.
whole army on a new line. Warner put him
seU at the head of his regiment and pushed
the fight with a fire and dash that made the
xAmericans irresistible as soon as the other
troops could be formed in line and brought
into action, and swept Breyman and his bat-
taUon off the field in complete rout. War
ner's brother, Jesse, was kiUed in the battle.
Warner was with Gates throughout the
rest of the campaign, and after the surrender
of Burgoyne he was in constant service along
the Hudson and elsewhere. He commanded
an expedition to Lake George Landing, by
which the vessels in which Burgoyne might
have escaped, were captured. In April, 1778,
he was ordered to .Albany, leaving the state
without protection. Schuyler sent him on a
particular command into Yessop's Patent,
which he executed with skiU and address.
It was not a field for brilliant achievements,
but for vigUance, energy and cool judgment
in guarding against Indian incursions, watch
ing the Tories, gathering information, and
protecting communications. His bravery
and mUitary capacity came to be highly re
garded by the officers of the Continental
army. He was wounded from an ambush of
Indians in September, 17S0, when the only
two officers with him fell dead by his side,
and with his constitution undermined by his
constant exertions and exposures, he returned
to Bennington toward the close of the war a
dying man, with poverty to crown his mis
fortunes. Never a business man or thought
ful for money matters, he had taken no in
terest or part in the land speculations that
made most of the Vermont leaders wealthy.
The proprietors of several towns had voted
him land as a reward for his services, but
most of it was sold for taxes and he never
got any benefit. The neglect of his affairs
and other tax sales while he was fighting for
his country had nearly used up what little
possessions he had, so that before his death
his wife was forced to appeal for charity to
the helpless Congress. In 1777 the Legisla
ture had granted him 2,000 acres in the
northwest part of Essex county, supposing it
would be valuable, but he never realized
much from it.
Colonel Warner was not at any time in the
secret of the Haldimand negotiation, but
Uke most people believed that something
wrong was going on between the British and
the Vermont authorities and was very indig
nant about it, becoming estranged from his
old associates on account of it. He went
with a Bennington committee to Arlington,
in 1782, to protest to Governor Chittenden
against the sending of prisoners that had been
taken in war to Canada and threatening to
raise a regiment to overtake and bring them
back. There was quite an altercation, and a
reply from the Governor, substantiaUy telling

him to mind his own business, that Colonel
AUen's regiment which had taken the prison
ers was able to protect them, and that there
would soon be seen a generous return of
prisoners from Canada — which proved to be
the fact.
Colonel ^Varner returned to Roxbury, Ct.,
in the summer of 1784 and died there Dec.
26, of that year, at the age of forty-one. He
was long sick abed ; mortification began at
his feet and continued by slow progress up.
his body. His last few months were clouded
by fits of insanity. The burial was with
all the honors of war. There was in the old
days a pleasant story that Washington re
Ueved the homestead of a mortgage for the
widow ; but it was a fiction.
The record is insufficient in the words of
the inscription on his tombstone, to
" TeU future ages what a hero's done."
For Seth Warner's career was one of deeds.
done, not words written, and his modesty
made his reports few and short and free
from any recounting of his own achieve
ments. He always appeared to be satisfied.
with being useful and manifested little sohci
tude that his services should be known or
appreciated. So it came about, as he was
never much of a pen and ink man, anyway,,
that in the latter part of his service, whUe he
was on detailed commands, we have very
few particulars about him ; but he was about
the ideal soldier, with cool courage and
perfect self-possession, at all times resolute,.
energetic and sound of judgment, inspiring
his associates and his command with entire
confidence, courteous and frank in bearing
and with a character that was given a strong
and steady fibre by the high and patriotic
purposes that animated him.
Hon. S. D. Boardman of Connecticut, who
as a youth often saw him, describes Warner
as of "noble personal appearance, very tall,
not less than six feet two ; large-boned, but
rather thin in flesh, and apparently of great
bodily strength ; features regular, strongly
marked, and indicative of mental strength,.
fixedness of purpose, and yet of much
benevolent good nature, and in aU respects
both commanding and pleasing. His man
ners were simple, natural and free from any
kind of affectation, at once both pleasing
and dignified." Additional descriptions teU
of his sparkling and beaming blue eyes, his
beautifully arched eyebrows below nut-
brown hair, and a forehead broad and intel
lectual, indicative of a sound and reflecting
mind and a strong and weU-balanced man
hood. He bestrode a horse with rare grace
and dignity.
The state of Connecticut has caused a
neat and substantial monument, a granite
obeUsk, about twenty-one feet high, to be
erected over his grave.

CHITTENDEN.

CHITTENDEN.

39

CHITTENDEN, Thomas.— The
"Washington of
Vermont," her
firstgovernor,for nineteen years,
shaping her ad-
minis tration,
shares with the
Aliens the honor
of the successful
birth of the new
state, and in him
was the indis
pensable com-
p 1 e t e m e n t of
their talents to
carry it through
the multipUed
perils of its youth. John L. Heaton in his
"Story of Vermont," does not exaggerate
when he says that Chittenden should "rank
with Adams, Hancock, and Morris among the
great men of the Revolutionary period ; for
he was one of the wisest and purest," and it
cannot now be seen that he made or sanc
tioned more than one serious blunder,
though his task was one of the most difficult
that ever confronted a leader of the people.
This plain, hard-working farmer, equipped
by God as a statesman, came to A'ermont and
assumed his work at the age of over forty
and in the fuU maturity of his mind and
powers. He was born at East Guilford,
Conn., Jan. 6, 1730, the son of Ebenezer
Chittenden, and descended from a family that
came from Cranbrook, England, in 1639, and
of whom one, Moses, was an officer in
Cromwell's own regiment. The Chittendens
were of Welsh origin and the name comes
from the words Chy-tune-den or din, signify
ing a castle in a vaUey between mountains.
Crittenden is another form of the name and
the great Senator John J. Crittenden, of Ken
tucky, was closely related to the Connecticut
and Vermont family. A brother of the Gov
ernor, Bethuel Chittenden, was the first Epis
copal minister of Vermont. His mother was
a Johnson, and cousin of President Johnson
of Columbia College.
Thomas Chittenden's father was a farmer
of only moderate circumstances, and there
fore the boy had only the meagre common
school education of those days. He worked
on the farm until he was eighteen, becoming
quite noted as an athlete, and then shipped
as a sailor on a voyage to the West Indies.
England and France then being at war, the
ship was captured by a cruiser ; he landed on
one of the islands moneyless and friendless,
and he reached home only after much suf
fering and fully satiated with sea Ufe.
At the age of twenty he married Elizabeth
Meigs and removed to Sahsbury, where by
his industry and frugaUty he soon acquired a

competence and became a leading man of
the place, representing it in the colonial As
sembly six years, and being colonel of a
regiment of miUtia. His large business
judgment saw the opportunities of the virgin
land in Vermont, to which the spirit of emi
gration and adventure was then directed, and
in 1774 he came to Williston, on the Onion
river, where he purchased a considerable
tract of land, settling with his family and a
few others when there was scarcely a family
or road in that part of the land. He was
pushing improvements on the place when
the retreat of the American army from Can
ada forced him, in the spring of 1776, to
abandon it, first taking his family to Massa
chusetts. But he soon bought a farm in
Arlington, to which he removed, and re
mained there, with short stays at Pownal
and Danby, until after the war, when he
returned to WiUiston, which was his home
until his death. One of his reasons for
locating in ArUngton was to queU the Tory
power which had then become seriously
troublesome there, and this, in conjunction
with the Aliens and Matthew Lyon, he did
vigorously, but, as Hon. David Read says,
with "sagacity, humanity, and sound discre
tion," until nearly every royaUst was driven
out of town or persuaded to remain in sub
mission. From the beginning he had entered
zealously into the struggle of the settlers with
New York and the mother country. He was
appointed first president of the committee
of safety at Bennington, was a member of
the first convention of delegates that met at
Dorset, Sept. 25, 1776, to consider the inde
pendence of the state, and at the Westmin
ster session was one of the committee that
drafted the declaration, and assisted at the
Windsor convention in framing the constitu
tion. He went to Philadelphia with AUen, at
the opening of the Revolution, to learn the
disposition and intentions of Congress, and
generally to procure intelUgence and advice.
He was chosen one of the council of safety
by the Constitutional Convention, and at
once became president of that body, and
was unremitting in his attention to its duties,
which combined the legislative, judicial, and
executive powers of government, throughout
that summer.
Perhaps he cannot be said to have been
the first to see the opportunity to end the
New York controversy by erecting a new
state ; but he was one of the foremost in ad
vocacy of the idea, and indeed, by this time,
this sagacious, cool-headed, thoroughly prac
tical and dignified gentleman had come to be
universally recognized as the representative
man of the settlers ; the one to mould and
weld into practical shape the results of the
tremendous power, as a popular leader of
agitation, of Ethan Allen; the brilUant fertil-

40

CHIITENDEN.

CHITTENDEN.

ity and financial resourcefulness of Ira Al
len, and the shrewd and patriotic endea'\'ors
of Carpenter and Warner, the Fays and Rob
insons and the rest. So, naturally, he was
elected the first Governor, taking the office
March i, 17 78, and being regularly re-elected
until March, 1797, except in the one year of
'89, when, owing to issues which wiU be later
explained, Moses Robinson defeated him for
a single term. He was undoubtedly best fit
ted of any man in the state for the position
and its duties.
He steadily pursued the poUcy of inde
pendence, and he made the Haldimand
negotiations (more fully treated in the sketch
of Ira Allen) a chief club with which to
maintain it. He wrote a spirited protest
against the proposal, on which New York
and New Hampshire were figuring in 1 780,
to divide the state upon the mountain Une
between them. He likened it to the iniquit
ous division of Poland, told about the new
state's maintenance of posts in the northern
frontier, and that she was at liberty " if
necessitated to it," to offer or accept terms
of cessation of hostilities with Great Britain ;
and " if neither Congress nor the other states
wiU support her in independence, but devote
her to the usurped government of any other
power, she has not the most distant motive
to continue hostilities and maintain an im
portant frontier for the benefit of the United
States, and for no other reward than the un
grateful one of being enslaved by them." He
acted in December of the next year with
General Enos, Ira Allen and W'ilUam Page,
as commissioners to New Hampshire, to ac
commodate matters with that state and save
the effusion of blood in a conflict of author
ity in the East Union.
When called upon by Stark for an explan
ation of St. Leger's letter, expressing regret at
the kiUing of an American citizen, he made it
direct to Washington. This is another of the
many pieces of circumstantial evidence that
Washington was in the secret of the Vermont
intrigue with Haldimand. On transmitting
the resolution of Congress of August 7, 1778,
preceding, requiring as an indispensable pre
liminary to her admission as a state, that Ver
mont give up the territory of New York and
New Hampshire, which she had incorporated
into her own Unes under the name of the
East and the West unions, Washington had
inquired by verbal message if the people
would be "satisfied with the basis of inde
pendence suggested, or whether the people
seriously contemplated a British dependen
cy." Washington was certainly inclined to
take the Vermont side. He wrote guardedly in
transmitting the above message that he would
not discuss the rights of Vermont's claim to
independence but take it for granted that it

was good "because Congress by their resolve
of .August 7, imply it."
In one of his letters he asks : " "Would it
not be more prudent to refer this dispute to
New York and Vermont than to embroU the
whole confederacy of the United States
therewith?" Even if Chittenden had in good faith at
tempted a British connection he would have
been morally justified. For after the new state
had been cheated by Congress — as aU Ver
monters believed and as Washington prac
tically admitted in advance, in his letter
about the resolve — into abandoning the
unions on the broken promise, in effect, that
it should then be admitted to the confeder
acy, and had ignored the offer of union and
aid in the "protest" of 1780, the Governor
did the utmost, as the "protest" suggested,
to get the neighboring states to act in con
junction with Vermont against the British.
He sent circulars to New Hampshire, Massa
chusetts, Connecticut and New York, pro
posing a union with the first three for pur
poses of defense against the invasion which
would surely be made from Canada the next
spring, demanding as the only condition that
any claim of territory in Vermont should be
relinquished. Massachusetts assented to this.
Connecticut made no response, though
understood tobe favorable. New Hampshire
paid no attention to it. The New A'ork
Legislature wanted to agree to it, recog
nizing the benefit the state had had from the
miUtary activity of the Green Mountain Boys
and the likelihood that the plan would make
Vermont instead of New York soil the scene of
the next campaign, but Governor Clinton
only prevented the passage of a resolution
of assent by threatening to prorogue the
Legislature. In such a situation, abandoned
by both Congress and the other states to her
own resources, believing, as there was every
reason to do, that the purpose of it aU was
to crush her, what was there for Vermont to
do ? Absolutely nothing but to throw her
self into the arms of the British, or adopt
the poUcy of tergiversation that was adopted.
The fact that the latter was the course
taken is of itself sufficient proof of the pa
triotic Americanism of the A'ermonters.
One of Chittenden's letters, Nov. 14, 1781,
after the British had returned to Canada,
shows his purpose : "The enemy were man
oeuvred out of their expectations and then re
turned into winter quarters with great safety,
that it might be fulfiUed which was spoken by
the prophet : 'I wiU put my hook in their
nose to turn them by the way whence they
came, and they shall not come into this city
(alias Vermont) saith the Lord.' "
Another evidence of it was afforded by a
circumstance in October of that year. The
New York government, comparatively imbe-

CHITTENDEN.

CHITTENDEN.

41

cile in a military sense, because of its large
element of Toryism and its aristocratic con
stitution, never hesitated when in danger to
caU for help on the Green Mountain Boys,
whom it persisted at aU other times in regard
ing as "rebels" against its authority. So
when Carlton made his raid from Canada
and captured Forts Ann and George, Gov
ernor CUnton again appealed to Chittenden
for aid. The latter repUed that the state's
miUtia was up north, but he would immedi
ately forward some he expected from Berk
shire. The fact is that at this time and on
repeated other occasions, as CUnton officially
acknowledged, the Vermont troops rendered
prompt and valuable service to New York
when she needed it, and New York's return
was to procure Vermont's being left entirely
undefended, when invasion was organized
against her.
Governor Chittenden wrote to Washington,
Nov. 14, 1782, that they would join the Brit
ish in Canada rather than submit to New
York, though there were no people more at
tached to the cause of America.
W'ith Chipman and Lewis R. Morris, he
was a commissioner in 1791 to negotiate the
admission of the state into the Union.
He died, August 25, 1797, at the age of
sixty-eight. For several months previous he
had been unable to perform the duties of his
office, and in July he had issued an address
to the freemen announcing that he would not
be a candidate for re-election, and invoking
Heaven's blessings on the state and people
to whom he had devoted so many years of
service and whom he had seen increase from
a band of a few hundred to a population of
over 100,000 people. Many descendants
have borne his honored name, and it is said
that they all bear the stamp of his physiog
nomy, so strong has been the personality to
show through generations. One son, Mar
tin, was congressman and Governor ; another,
Truman, was councilor and repeatedly Dem
ocratic candidate for Lieutenant-Governor,
and he and stiU another son, Noah, were
judges of probate. One daughter was the
wife of Gov. Jonas Galusha, another of Mat
thew Lyon, and another of Col. Isaac Clark :
" Old Rifle " in the war of 181 2.
The character of Governor Chittenden is
best expressed by a statement of the work
done by him. He was a genuine Yankee in
his mental make-up, with its strength and
activity, its practical rather than theoretic
knowledge, its keen and quick perceptions,
its great tact, its penetration of the designs
and character of men, its " almost unerring
foresight, unhesitating firmness and sound
judgment," as Governor Hall says. But he
was more. He had that quality and poise of
mind that constituted so much of Washing
ton's greatness, that habit of hearing all the

evidence and considerations before reaching
a conclusion, of seeking a fuU view of aU sub
jects however complex, of divesting himself
of aU influences except that of duty, which in
spired confidence even to the point of vener
ation, which inevitably evolved a dignified
demeanor, and which made this plain, unlet
tered farmer who could hardly write a letter
in straight EngUsh, one of the great men of
his time. He grew in statesmanlike stature
as his opportunities widened.
While so keen a judge of human nature
that bad men could rarely deceive him, he
did not fail to bestow his trust where it was
worthy ; he did not make the mistake of
smaUer minds, because he saw so much of
evil and Uttleness in the world, of losing faith
in humanity in the aggregate. The crown
ing element of his success was that he knew
and utilized the good in men.
He was plain and simple and kindly in
manners and ways of living, his dignity be
ing that of moral and inteUectual rectitude
entirely, not of affectation, fitting him with
his long residence and his close acquaintance
with the work of the people, for the long
popularity he enjoyed. There is a story told
of a visit of some high-born dames from
.Albany to the chief executive's home at Ar
lington that gives a glimpse of the genuine
democracy of those days in A^ermont. When
the hour for dinner arrived the Governor's
wife went out to the piazza and blew the
horn for the-men at work in the fields. "Do
you have your servants eat at the same table
with you?" inquired the visitors, doubtless
with some elevation of noses. "Yes," re
plied Mrs. Chittenden, " but I have been
telling the Governor that we ought not to,
that they have lo work to much harder that
they ought to eat first."
He was always of remarkably equable
temper, and it is related of him that when a
neighbor. Colonel Spofford, had induced the
Legislature to appoint a man justice of the
peace whom the Governor thought unfit and
had opposed, and came to him to triumph
over the success, the Governor replied plac
idly, " Well, weU, Spofford, I am glad of it
on the whole ; Smith will make a better
justice than I supposed, and / always hoped
he would." The sure way to rouse his wrath
to the depths was to abuse Ira Allen. It
was his appreciation of and faith in Allen
that brought him his only political defeat, in
1789. The Legislature in 1783 authorized
the disposal at a specific price, of the " flying
grant" of Woodbridge (apparently High-
gate), which had been forfeited for non-pay
ment, and thirty-five rights in Carthage
(Jay), to raise funds and provide supplies
for the survey of town lines and cutting
roads in the northern part of the state. No
sales were effected under this resolution, but

42

CHITTENDEN.

CHITTENDEN.

AUen, as surveyor-general, went ahead with
the work, advancing some ^4,000 for it, as
it ultimately appeared, from his own funds.
Governor Chittenden, at the meeting of the
Governor and Council at Arlington, July
12, 1785, when unfortunately only half the
Council were present, gave Allen a paper,
signed by himself and seven members of the
Council, stating it as their opinion that if
.AUen advanced the money he should have
the lands " at the price mentioned." Allen
was defeated for state treasurer the next
year, and called on Governor Chittenden to
deliver to him the charter of Woodbridge in
pursuance of this paper, and it was done.
The next year, in 1787, Jonathan Hunt, of
A'^ernon, procured from the Legislature, by a
vote of 36 to 13, against the protests of
Allen, a grant of the same lands, and organ
ized a fight in the Legislature and secured
an investigation. .A committee, headed by
Stephen R. Bradley, reported that the Gover
nor had converted the state seal to " private
sinister views," and that the charter was
fraudulent and ought to be declared void.
A bill to this effect, modified somewhat,
passed and went into effect, and such a
storm was raised that Chittenden failed of a
majority at the next election, and as a ma
jority of the Legislature was against him,
Moses Robinson was chosen in his place.
Allen got out a statement " To the Impartial
Public " about the case, but it was published
too late to save the election. But the report
of the commission in 1790, to adjust the
state's accounts with AUen, showed that he
had actuaUy advanced the money for the
state, and the people were satisfied that
though there had been technical irregularity
there was no fraud or wrongful intent in the
matter, and the Governor's old popularity
returned to him with renewed strength.
Chittenden's bearing when the storm was
at its height was one of admirable dignity.
When the count was completed it was his
duty to declare Robinson elected and after
assurances that he had sought to discharge his
duty " with simplicity and unremitted atten
tion" he said :
" Since I find that the election has not gone
in my favor by the freemen, and that you,
gentlemen, would prefer some other person
to fiU the chair, I can cheerfully resign to him
the honors of the office I have long since
sustained, and sincerely wish him a happy
administration, for the advancement of which
my utmost influence shaU be exerted."
.And the Legislature could not help re
sponding that the people "felt a grateful
sense of the many and good services he had
rendered them ","and wished for him on his re
tirement from arduous labors "aU the blessings
of domestic ease.''

His wise and foresighted benevolence
twice had a chance to show itself in provid
ing food for the people, first at ArUngton,
where the disorders of the times and the leav
ing of their unharvested fields, had brought
danger of a famine, and afterwards, after the
war at Williston where early frosts had done
great harm. The Governor's granaries were
full, and they were freely emptied for the bene
fit of his suffering neighbors. At ArUngton
he visited every family periodically, took an
account of the provisions on hand, and by
impartial and disinterested distribution saw
to it that no one perished for want that hard
winter. At WiUiston, so one historian says,
men came from scores of mUes away through
the snow to draw food on hand-sleds for their
suffering famiUes. When they offered pay or
security his reply was that he had no corn to
sell to those who were hungry. The only re
striction was that they should leave enough
for seed. And the tale has been handed
down in many a family how they would have
starved that "cold winter," but for the corn
of " Old Governor Tom."
The high quality of his statesmanship was
shown in the "betterment" and "quieting"
acts of 1781-86, legislation that was perfectly
novel in character yet so clearly founded on
the principles of natural justice that several
other states have since imitated it. The
idea was his in origin, and it cut the way
with equity through difficulties that were
simply inextricable in law procedure. And
it was done after a long fight against the op
position of nearly all the lawyers of the state,
who were unable to see beyond technicalities.
^Vhen the state government was formed, land
titles were in woeful shape, owing to the long
time since the grants by New Hampshire, the
unsettlement and insecurity that had come
from the contro\ersy with New York, the
lack of any office or place of record, and the
general custom of not passing title deeds to
purchasers. There was pretty nearly noth
ing by which to determine ownership. Lands
could be sold without the preliminary of pur
chase as well as with it, and there were
many men who had practiced swindling
of this kind extensively. The possessor,
though he had cleared and improved his
land and erected the best of buildings on it,
was in law simply a trespasser if some one
else could trace a title to it. Of course the
greater the improvements the greater the ob
ject to dispossess, the thicker the speculators,
like those of former times in New A'ork, who
sought farms that others had converted from
forests for them. Litigation was multiplying
on every side. Governor Chittenden's solu
tion, which he had the help of Nathaniel
Chipman to put in its final shape, was first
to give the settler, if a trespasser technicaUy,
the fuU value of his improvements and leave

CHITTENDEN.

43

the courts to make further equitable division,
then by the act of '84 to give him hah the
rise in the value of the land besides the im
provements, and finally to allow the legal
owner only the original \alue before the im
provements and six per cent besides.
Governor Chittenden's readiness of re
source in an emergency was shown in Octo
ber, 1 78 1, when the Legislature was in session
at Charlestown in the East union, and an
accident came near uncovering the whole
Haldimand business. For the sake of ap
pearances the Vermonters had an army
under Enos at Castieton to confront the
British under St. Leger, who had come up
the lake from Canada.
The commanders and leading officers only
were in the secret of the negotiation, and
when an affair between scouting parties re
sulted in the death of a Vermont sergeant
(Tupper by name). General St. Leger sent
back the man's clothes with a letter of
apology and regret to General Enos, which
when delivered, caused a good deal of dis
turbance among the A'ermont troops. .A
messenger, who was sent soon afterward
with dispatches to the Governor, made loud
proclamations all along the route, of the ex
traordinary occurrence, fanning into flame
the suspicion with which the air was sur
charged, and creating great excitement in
the Legislature when Charleston was reached.
The Governor saw what must come, so he
called a meeting of the board of war, sum
moning to their aid Chipman, then a young
lawyer and leader of the party opposed to
Chittenden, and in a few moments while Ira
Allen was bluffing in the Legislature by
getting up a row with an inquisitive mem
ber. Major Rounds, the Governor and his
assistants concocted some new letters from
General Enos and Colonels Walbridge and
Fletcher, who were at the front with him,
including all they reported about military
matters that did not bear on the negotiation.
After Allen had kept up his disputation long
enough, he appealed to the dispatches as
evidence that there was nothing wrong, the
new ones were brought in and read for the
originals. Chipman followed with a speech
reminding the people that they were doubt
ing the good faith of Thomas Chittenden, a
man whom he though of the opposing party,
knew to be honest and true, and would
trust against a whole army of St. Legers.
And before long the crowd that started in so
ugly was dispersing with cheers for Chitten
den and Chipman.
His remarkable qualities of character were
weU summarized by Ethan Allen, who wrote
of him : " He was the only man I ever knew
who was sure to be right in all, even the most
difficult and complex cases, and yet could
not tell or seem to know why it was so."

Thompson says : " He had a rare combi
nation of moral and inteUectual quaUties —
good sense, great discretion, honesty of pur
pose and an un\arying equanimity of tem
per, united with a modest and pleasing
address." E. P. Walton says : " He did not tower
like an ornate and graceful Corinthian col
umn, but was rather like the soUd Roman
arch that no convulsion could overturn and
no weight could crush." And another bi
ographer concludes : " Mosses and lichens
have covered the stone which marks his
grave, but that stone wiU crumble into dust
long before Vermonters wiU cease to respect
the memory of Thomas Chittenden."
ALLEN, iRA, the "Metternich of A'er-
mont,"ashe has
sometimes been
called ; its first
secretary and
its first treasur-
erer ; the one
great diplomat
ist of the Uttie
republic, and its
guide through
its greatest diffi
culties, has had
meagre justice
done him by
history. While
we properly re
gard Chittenden
as the "Wash
ington of Vermont," Ira Allen may be well
caUed its Hamilton. Indeed, the likeness is
striking between these two men in their dif
ferent fields. The wonderful intellectual
precocity of Hamilton, a mind versatile,
clear, and penetrating, with its intense, prac
tical and logical cast, its perceptions quick
as light, its fertiUty of original ideas, its bold
and foresighted conceptions, and its master
ful handUng of the problems of administra
tion, had its counterpart in .AUen. Like
Hamilton, Ira AUen was a statesman before
he was twenty-five. Like Hamilton, he was
one of the handsomest men of his time,
with his inteUectual countenance, his flashing
black eyes, his imposing presence, and pleas
ing address. .As with Hamilton, there was at
times a dash of unscrupulousness in his pub
lic or poUtical work, coupled with the utmost
personal honor — a sort of misdirection of an
over-generous nature in sacrifice for others.
It has been truly said of Ira AUen that he
was secretly or openly the originator of more
important poUtical measures for Vermont
and the Revolution than any other man in
the state, and it might truly be added than
hardly any other in the country. Still other
projects of vast utility from his teeming

44

ALLEN.

ALLEN.

brain were prevented from fruition only by
the misfortunes of his later years.
He it was, who' after the fall of Ticon
deroga, when the settlements seemed help
less before the on-coming army of Burgoyne,
conceived the scheme of confiscating the
estates of the Tories to raise money to
equip and support troops, and as a result
within a week a regiment of men was in the
field. It was the first act of the kind in the
country, but it was one which aU the other
states, on the urging of Congress, had to
adopt later. It was the measure that put
the new state on its feet as a self-reliant,
self-supporting entity. He was a leader in
the formation of the constitution. He did
inestimable service as secretary of the com
mittee of safety, which was given the work
of defending the state, because the members
of the Constitutional Convention at Windsor
when Ticonderoga fell had to leave for their
homes and families and had no time to com
plete the organization of a state government.
He sent expresses at his own expense in
every direction with news of the disaster,
and appeals for prompt forwarding of troops.
In the terror of the time no one else, even
among the military commanders, attended
to this, and it may not be too much to say
that the victory at Bennington was due to
the energy and the wise provision of Ira
Allen. He organized scouting parties that
gathered full information of the enemy's
movements and forwarded it by express in
all directions, with such encouragements as it
warranted that the enemy could be met and
repulsed. He sent timely warnings of the
expedition to Bennington, so that it was by
no accident that Stark and the New Hamp
shire troops and the Berkshire militia ar
rived in season to repulse and crush it. He
helped to concert the measures for the cap
ture of Ticonderoga, Crown Point and the
strong posts in his rear that helped so much
towards the ruin of Burgoyne. He did all
this when the new state was without funds or
credit, as well as without organization, when
near three-fourths of the people of the west
side of the mountain had fled from their
homes, and a large part of those of the east
side were disposed to favor New York's
claims, when weak nerved and weak prin
cipled men were flocking to Burgoyne and
taking the oath of allegiance to the Crown,
and when, besides the danger of invasion
from the British and the savages, the late
proceedings of Congress had shown par
tiality towards New York and the embryonic
state had every reason to expect hostile
action. He staked not only large amounts
of his money, but his life on the chance of
winning victory out of this seemingly des
perate situation. He was nearly always the
agent of the state, either alone or with others

in dealing with Congress and with New
Hampshire and New A'ork. He was the
principal manager of the Haldimand nego
tiations and Metternich never handled his
difficult tasks with more skUl or with a tech
nical frankness that was more profoundly
deceptive. He was the author of many publications
in pamphlet and newspaper form in defense
of the state in the New York controversy.
One in 1777, reviewing the constitution of
New York, with aU its features of aristocracy,
was especially strong. He was a clear and
forcible writer always, and most of the offi
cial correspondence of the state in its early
years, particularly Governor Chittenden's
orders, was done through him.
He was the father of the University of
Vermont. October 14., 1789, he presented a
memorial to the Legislature for the estab
lishment of the college with subscriptions
amounting to ^5643, of which he contribu
ted ^4000, and the charter was granted
Nov. 3, 1791.
Ira was the youngest of the AUen brothers
and was born at CornwaU, Conn., AprU 21,
1 75 1, so that he was barely Jtwenty-two when
he was acting as secretary of the A^ermont
committee of safety, only twenty-six when
he was taking the lead in our Constitutional
Convention, a Uttle over thirty when the state
had been piloted, so largely by his efforts, as
an independent Uttie repubUc into a safety
and prosperity that were the envy of the
states surrounding, and stiU in the early
thirties when, by his remarkable judgment
and nerve in business operations, he had
come to be recognized as one of the wealth
iest men of the country. He received a good
English education, and was a practical sur
veyor very young. He came to A''ermont
before he was twenty, and he was scarcely
twenty-one when he became an extensive
proprietor of land in BurUngton and Col
chester. He had the eye to see the future
of this location, but at the time had to en
dure much ridicule for his selection. He
entered with zeal into various land specula
tions, first as a member of the "Onion River
Land Company," which consisted besides
himself, of his brothers, Ethan, Heman, and
Zirmi, with Remember Baker, and which
became the most extensive proprietor of
land in the state, with a corresponding in
tensification of zeal, of course, against the
New York claims.
He was appointed secretary of the com
mittee of safety as soon as it was formed and
served until its labors closed. He was a
Ueutenant in Warner's regiment in the Can
ada campaign in the faU of 1775, and was
selected by Montgomery as one of the two
officers for the confidential trust of attacking
Cape Diamond and throwing rockets as a

ALLEN.

ALLEN.

45

signal for three other detachments ,to attack
Quebec on the night of Montgomery's at
tempt on the city. For the next two years
he was a member from Colchester of aU the
conventions. On the organization of the new state gov
ernment, in 1 778, he was chosen a member of
the council and was its secretary. He was
also elected state treasurer at the beginning
and held that office for nine years, and was
surveyor-general about the same time, until
the jealousies and antagonisms that accumu
lated against him, the complaints that he
was holding "so many offices," resulted in
his defeat in 1786, with widely-beUeved
charges of corruption soon following, and
though they were afterwards cleared away
and it was shown that he had been constant
ly aiding the state with his money instead of
making money out of it, enough of the cloud
clung to the old suspicion about the Haldi
mand negotiation to somewhat shadow his
subsequent career. In the elections of 1784
and 1785 he failed as candidate for state
treasurer before the people, and was only
elected by the joint assembly. He was
dropped from the Governor's Council after a
year of service in 1785, and the Assembly
on the last day of the session of the latter
year, aimedabiU at him to annul his surveys
and discontinue his work as surveyor gen
eral, which the council succeeded in postpon
ing to the next session.
His miUtary service in the Revolution,
ended with the retreat from Canada in 1776,
but he soon became captain, then colonel,
and finally major-general of the state miUtia.
He was also a member of the board of war
during nearly the whole of the Revolution.
The Haldimand negotiations, over which
so much controversy has been waged, must
form a chief feature of Allen's biography.
Though magazine and newspaper writers
keep bobbing up with startiing "discoveries"
of the treason of the Vermontese, as editor
H. B. Dawson of the New York Historical
Magazine calls them, the facts are fully
known. There are, as J. L. Payne says, hun
dreds of manuscripts in the archives of Can
ada bearing on the subject, and indicating
to a one-sided view as he expresses it, "how
near Vermont came to being a British prov
ince." They leave no doubt of the fact of
these negotiations or of their pretended
purpose. The fact was, that beginning with
a cartel for the exchange of prisoners which
was concluded with the Vermont authorities
when it was refused to Washington, these
negotiations brought about a truce between
Vermont and the British forces, which was ex
tended through the last three campaigns of
the war, whUe emissaries and spies passed
back and forth in great profusion, and the
hope was kept dangling before the British

that the state would desert the cause of the
Revolution and return to allegiance to the
Crown. Several times the negotiations went
so far as to discuss the terms of settlement
and to fix dates for it ; but Ira Allen as the
principal negotiator was sure to turn up with
some plausible reason for postponing de
cisive action.*
But all that has been published and argued
has shown no more than was known more
or less definitely at the time or soon after.
The dispute is whether the Vermonters were
sincere, or were merely fooling the British,
or were playing for a position that would
leave them free to take advantage of the
issue whichever way it went. The conduct
of Congress towards the new state, with all
its people had at stake in the controversy
with New York, would make it seem natural
that the Vermonters should seek safety
under the British wing. But the event and
the skillful way the negotiation was pro
tracted shows that they did not. It is certain
that the masses of the people would not tol
erate the idea, and did not when they found
out what was or seemed to be doing ; and
the leaders never once lifted a finger to
reconcile them to it. It is notable also that
in all the correspondence and negotiations,
including the conversations as reported by
the English representatives, there was never
once a single profession of loyalty to the
King on the part of the Vermont leaders.
But there is one decisive fact in this busi
ness to which the disputants have never given
due attention. The participants on the
Vermont side took particular pains to pro
tect themselves in history. Early in the
negotiations they put on paper a record of
their purpose in the form of a certificate for
AUen, prepared in June, 1781, and signed by
aU the eight men in the secret, Jonas and
Joseph Fay, Samuel Safford, Samuel and
Moses Robinson, Governor Chittenden,
Timothy Brownson and Jona Fassett. This
certificate stated explicitly that the scheme
was adopted "to make them (the British au
thorities) believe Vermont had a desire to
negotiate a treaty of peace," and because it
was beyond the power of the state to defend
itself by arms, the negotiation was opened
and "we think it to be a necessary political
manoeuvre to save the frontier of this state."
Such a document as this, considering the
times and circumstances of its writing and
the confirmation of the event, ought not to
leave an intelligent doubt of the design.

* It is quite possible that Allen was more inclined to gen
uineness in these negotiations than tbe other leaders, or at
least to be looking a far way ahead for contingencies. This
would be consistent with his character and a recently discovered
letter from him written to Samuel Hitchcock, Oct. ii, 1809,
says a situation was gained by the negotiation where " if the
events of the war had terminated in favor of Great Britain,
Vermontwould have been a favorite colony under the Crown."

46

It is fortunate that this paper has been
prevented, for reasoning upon ordinary
human motives, we should expect the Ver
monters to be seeking British help. They
had in no way obligated themselves to the
cause of the colonies. They were in their
own view, in the nature of poUtics, and prob
ably in a legal view, an independent republic.
They had sought union with the confederacy
and it had been refused. They had made
great sacrifices for the Revolutionary cause,
and the return had been to abandon them to
British invasion, and even while a regiment of
their own troops — and paid by them, because
Congress could not pay — was serving in the
Continental army, to withdraw all means and
ammunition of defense from the state. Con
gress, which had been temporizing with the
Vermont question for fear of aUenating New
York or New Hampshire, had at this time
apparently reached a point where it calcu
lated in this way to drive the new state into
submission to New York. Remembering
how this involved the property interests of
the Vermonters — their aU for most of them —
it would not have been surprising if it had
set them against the country that treated thera
so, and it accounts for such disposition as
there was to reach a position where they
would be favorably regarded above New
York in case of final British victory. And
yet it is the truth, attested in a variety of
ways, that from the beginning to the end
there was a smaUer Tory sentiment in Ver
mont than anywhere else in the country,
and there was not a moment when every
reservation would not have been abandoned
if the state could have been admitted to the
Union. The A^ermonters had been too well
educated in the first principles, too thoroughly
innoculated with the spirit of independence
to allow their sympathies to be swerved by
mean considerations.
Whether in the ethics of war such decep
tion as was practiced on the British was justi
fiable, is another question. But at least it
can be said that it was a necessity, the only
thing the Vermonters could do, unless to ab
solutely desert to the British side, or suffer
ruinous invasion, or commit poUtical suicide
by surrendering to New York, and then with
out any certainty of protection against the
British. And it was the most useful thing for
the American cause that could possibly have
been done ; for it kept an army of ten thous
and men idle on the border in Canada. It
was really a help in this way to the Yorktown
movement, which would have been weU-
nigh impracticable with such an army besides
Clinton's left in Washington's rear. Wash
ington knew aU about the negotiation at
least a month before the surrender of
CornwaUis (so says James Davie Butier on
the strength of a recently discovered letter)

and he understood its purpose. AUen in
after years with the knowledge he had gained
in Europe and in extensive travels about this
country wrote : "I know that the capture of
Ticonderoga, etc., and the fame of the Green
Mountain boys are more thought of in Europe
than in the United States. That in the
southern states, the battie of Bennington is
considered to have caused the change of the
commander-in-chief of the Northern army,
and a stepping-stone to the capture of Gen
eral Burgoyne and army. That the truce
between the British in Canada and Vermont,
in causing the inactivity of ten thousand
British troops, enabled General Washington
to capture Lord CornwaUis and army."
WhUe the negotiations were in progress
early in 1781, a dispatch from Lord George
Germaine to Sir Henry CUnton, disclosing
their existence and the hope that the people
of Vermont would "return to their aUegi
ance," feU into American hands, and was
laid before Congress with the effect of alarm
ing that body into a more just policy.
Referring to this dispatch, AUen says it "had
greater influence on the wisdom and virtue
of Congress than aU the exertions of Ver
mont in taking Ticonderoga, Crown Point,
and the two divisions from General Bur
goyne's army, or their petition to be admit
ted as a state in the general confederation,
and offers to pay their proportion of the
expenses of the war." Out of the discovery
of these negotiations and the fear that the
state with the control of Lake Champlain
would be thrown into British hands, came
the pledge of the resolutions of August 7 and
20, 1 78 1, on which finally, after much back
ing and filling, came the acknowledgment
of the independence of the state.
After the war ended, the Governor of Can
ada StiU pursued the negotiation and it has
been plausibly supposed that one of the en
voys he sent to Burlington was the prince
who was afterwards George IV.
AUen played with consummate address
through these negotiations not only a double
but a triple, and even a quadruple game.
\\'hile he was fanning the British hopes to
their highest, he was with Stephen R. Brad
ley in 1780, and with Jonas Fay and Bez'l
Woodward in 1781, an agent before Con
gress to urge the admission of the state and
resist the claims to jurisdiction of New York
and New Hampshire, he was manipulating
with the Legislature and authorities of New
Hampshire and the commander of the New
York troops, to avert bloodshed, pending a
decision by Congress over the conflicting
claims of the East and West unions, and in
the meanwhile he converted to the support
of the new state Luke Knowlton, who had
been sent to Philadelphia especiaUy to fight
it by the adherents of New York in Cumber-

ALLEN.

ALLEN.

47

land (now Windham and Windsor nearly)
county, and in Allen's words, " a plan was
laid between them to unite all parties in Ver
mont in a way that would be honorable to
those who had been in favor of New York."
The nerve, the resourcefulness and the com
prehension of human motives by which he
kept aU these schemes floating, and the peo
ple of his own state passably well satisfied at
the same time, were Uttle short of marvelous.
They had a good illustration in the hearing
before the Vermont Legislature in June,
1 78 1, on a resolution for an inquiry into the
grounds for the report of a treaty with Can
ada. Allen knew that there were several
spies from Canada among the spectators.
How could he answer the inquiry so as to
satisfy the suspicious A^ermont patriots with
out undeceiving the British authorities as
soon as his words were reported to them?
But he did it with a frankness that was
praised by both sides. Governor Chittenden
led off, stating how he had at the request of
several persons who had friends prisoners in
Canada, appointed Colonel AUen to meet a
British commissioner to arrange for an ex
change, and how the latter had succeeded
after considerable difficulty in accomphshing
it, though no such exchanges had taken
place with the United States or any other in
the northern department. For further par
ticulars he would refer them to Colonel AUen.
The latter told how, having made his re
port to the Governor and Council, not ex
pecting to be called on, he had left his com
mission and papers at home, but he was
ready to make a verbal statement, or if
desired he would go home and produce
the writings for the inspection of the Leg
islature. They called for the papers and
the next day he appeared with them, read
them seemingly without skip or hesitation,
and made a short verbal explanation which
seemed to show that the British had exhib
ited great generosity in the business, and
narrated sundry occurrences that indicated
that there was a fervent wish for peace among
the British officers, and that the English
government was as tired of the war as the
United States, and he concluded by inviting
any member of the Legislature or any au
ditor in the gallery who wished to ask any
further questions to do so and he was ready
to answer them. But "aU seemed," to use
his words, "satisfied that nothing had been
done inconsistent to the interests of the
states," and many of those who had before
been most suspicious complimented him for
his "open and candid conduct." That even
ing he had a conference with the spies from
Canada and they also had nothing but praise
for the devotion he had shown to the cause
of union with Britain I

His and Bradley's mission to Congress in
1780 was to prepare for the second Tuesday
of September, which time had been set for
the determination of the case of Vermont.
Besides the claims of New York and New
Hampshire, the former supported by Knowl
ton as agent from the southeast part of the
state, the advocates of still another state to
be carved out of portions of Vermont and
New Hampshire were represented by Peter
Olcott. AUen and Bradley did what they
could in the way of private interviews with
members of Congress, and then requested
that they might be present at any de
bates affecting the sovereignty or independ
ence of Vermont. They Ustened for parts of
two days to the presentment of New York's
claims and took minutes of it, but when it
came time to put in New Hampshire's claim
they refused to attend because Vermont was
not put on an equal footing with the others.
They submitted a remonstrance to Congress
against the mode of trial adopted, which
meant that they should "lose their poUtical
Ufe in order to find it." They refused to
submit to "Congress acting as a court of
judicature by virtue of authority given only
by the states that made but one party." But
they offered in behalf of Vermont to leave
the question in abeyance until after the war,
in the meantime agreeing that the state
should do its fuU share in furnishing troops
and supplies, and then to leave the decision
to one or more of the Legislatures of disin
terested states as mediators.
They accomplished their purpose by this
course and prevented any decision at aU by
Congress. The next year's mission was more
delicate, because of the suspicion of the
Haldimand business, but Allen and the
others parried the inquiries skillfully whUe
they continued to impress upon Congress
the danger that the support of the Ver
monters would be drawn off from the patriot
ca,use, and the result was the resolutions of
August 7 and 20 favorable to Vermont pro
vided they would relinquish their east and
west unions.
Allen had early the previous year visited
the Legislatures of New Jersey, Delaware,
Pennsylvania and Maryland to distribute
phamphlets and work up sentiment in favor
of Vermont, and succeeded in gaining con
siderable favor by supporting their views of
the Western land question and pledging Ver
mont if admitted to the Union, to assist in
compelling unappropriated lands and the
property of loyalists to be disposed of to de
fray the expenses of the war, and not for the
emolument of any one state. The combina
tions which he formed had considerable effect
in later driving New York and afterwards
Virginia to cede their western claims to the
general government.

48

The British were not without suspicion
while he was negotiating with Congress and
on these missions to other states, especiaUy
Connecticut and Massachusetts. In June,
1781, an agent reported his belief that .Alien
was " gone to solicit forces to ensnare Gen
eral Haldimand's troops." But AUen always
managed when he got round to allay these
suspicions just enough to prevent the break
ing off of the negotiations, and to leave
enough of them to deter Haldimand from
any overt act against the Vermonters for
fear that he would drive them to active sup
port again to the American cause. Allen
accomplished this by steadily representing
the people to be naturally strongly inclined
that way, and only being gradually alienated
by the iU treatment of Congress.
The "east union" of a number of New
Hampshire towns with Vermont was based
on the argument that New Hampshire was
granted as a province to John Mason, ex
tending only sixty miles from the sea, and
that the lands to the west were annexed only
by royal authority, which ceased with the
power of the Crown, and the towns had a
right to join any government they chose.
The real reasons were : first, the attraction
which the low taxes and vigorous govern
ment of Vermont held out to neighboring
peoples, and second, the scheme of influen
tial men near the Connecticut river to se
cure the center and seat of the new govern
ment for that section. The Legislature was
reluctant to take in the new towns and re
ferred the subject back to the freemen, who
returned a strong majority in favor of the
union, and an act was passed at the next
session to incorporate sixteen petitioning
towns from New Hampshire, with a later
provision to accept others where a majority
of their people desired it. But on Ethan
AUen's report of the feeling of Congress,
the Legislature hastened in 1779 to get rid
of the connection, with the result of stimu
lating a project for the formation of a new
state from the seceding New Hampshire
towns joined by some from the other side
of the river in Vermont, followed still later
by overtures from the dissatisfied Vermont
towns to be annexed to New Hampshire.
Ira Allen was sent on a mission to New
Hampshire to explain the matter and re
store amicable relations. He penetrated the
designs of the Connecticut River schemers,
and also found that New Hampshire was
planning to revive before Congress her
jurisdictional claim to the whole of Vermont
under the pretense of friendship for Vermont
and to defeat the NewYork claims. She wanted
A'ermont's support in this. AUen was satisfied
that the scheme was deeper than this, argued
his best against it without success, insisted
that he had no authority to negotiate on

such a basis, and finally managed to get the
matter postponed till the next session, so
that the opinion of the Vermont Legislature
might be obtained in the meantime. He
was playing simply for time to unite the
people on the Vermont side of the river
against all these projects, which was success
fully done. And upon his disclosure of the
intrigue the Legislature of Vermont at the next
session and under his advice boldly advanced
a claim tothe whole of New Hampshire west
of the Mason Une. His skiU in handUng such
negotiations came well into jalayin i78i-'82,
when there was eminent danger of civil war
with both New York and and New Hamp
shire over these unions which Vermont had
accepted, or revived and enlarged as a
buffer to the claims of both states to her.
Both were organizing military invasions.
AUen interviewed General Gansevort, the
New A'ork commander, took his measure, and
found that he was reluctant to engage in civil
war but felt that he must obey orders by going
ahead. AUen then advised Governor Chit
tenden that aU that was neccessary was to
take the offensive and march out a regiment
against him and Gansevort would retreat, and
so it proved. Then AUen proceeded to New
Hampshire, sending out orders from Gov
ernor Chittenden to caU out the militia to
meet the "menacing insults of New Hamp
shire and repel force by force." One of
these he contrived to have fall into the hands
of a New Hampshire partisan and sent post
haste ahead of him to Exeter. The New
Hampshire authorities were thus easily fright
ened out of their project and decided to
take the advice of Congress before proceed
ing to hostilities — aU of which he managed
to learn through a lady friend, while they sup
posed they were scaring him with their
threatenings. AUen always regarded these
unions as trump cards in the game with the
opposing states and he regarded it as a great
miss when A^ermont surrendered them in
comphance with the August resolutions of
1 781 and before she had actually got in hand
her quid pro quo in the recognition of her
independence. He was on the way from
Philadelphia with Jonas Fay and Abel Carter
in high spirits over the success they had had
with Congress which satisfied them that no
measures would be taken against Vermont,
when they learned of the dissolution of these
unions by the Legislature. They hurried
their journey to secure a reconsideration of
this action but the Legislature had adjourned
the day before they arri^-ed.
After the return of peace in 1786 Allen
was, with his brother Levi, a Tory who had
returned to the state, and it was supposed
would-be useful for this purpose, commis
sioned to negotiate a treaty of commerce
with Canada, and he was greatiy interested

ALLEN.

HERRICK.

49

in the idea. He tried to secure a substan
tial free trade arrangement and pictured
eloquently the benefits that would come from
such a use of Champlain's waters, especially
if supplemented by a canal to connect the
lake with the St. Lawrence river. He de
signed this connection several years ahead
of the scheme of Watson and Schuyler for
the present Champlain canal and he offered
to cut it at his own expense if the British
government would allow him to coUect such
a tonnage as would secure the interest on
the investment, and the ships of Vermonters
could be allowed to pass out into the open
sea with only a reasonable tonnage at Que
bec, and the products of both countries to
pass both ways without import or export
duties. This was one of the enterprises in
whose interest a few years later he took the
trip to Europe that resulted in his business
ruin. He was also an enthusiastic promoter
of the canal scheme between the Hudson
and the southern waters of Lake Champlain.
His official services to the state closed in
1790 when he was member of the commis
sion on the part of Vermont that finally
settled the protracted controversy with New
York and cleared the way for the admission
of the state into the Union.
In 1795 Allen went to Europe for his
canal enterprise and on a commission from
Governor Chittenden to purchase arras for
the state. He got nothing but fair words
from the British cabinet in return for his ex
ertions for the canal, but he secured twenty-
four cannon and twenty thousand muskets
in France, and with them took ship for
home. But the ship was captured by an
English cruiser, and seized with the whole
cargo on a charge that it was designed to
aid the rebeUion in Ireland. AUen showed
conclusively by evidence secured from Ver
mont that the charge was untrue and the
arms purchased for the purpose he repre
sented. But it took eight years of litigation
to do it, and the enormous expense of it,
with the neglect of his affairs at home, ruin
ed him. He at one time estimated his real
estate in Vermont to be worth on proper
appraisal from $1,000,000 to $1,500,000.
He may have included in this estimate the
shares of his four brothers and of Remem
ber Baker, of whose estate he was adminis
trator, but there is no doubt that he was enor
mously wealthy, or that while he was in Europe
he was robbed right and left with claims of
fraudulent title, executions and tax sales. He
had accumulated considerable unpopularity
at home, having had a long controversy over
his accounts as state treasurer as well as
surveyor-general, and had once gone so far,
in 1792, as to begin a suit against the state
in the United States Circuit Court, and these
things were of material assistance to the

people who were plundering him. Finally,
wearied with lawsuits, broken in health and
fortune, and even jailed at Burlington by
exacting creditors, he made his escape and
fled from the state for which he had done
so much. He lived in PhUadelphia the last
few years of his life, where he died in pov
erty, Jan. 7, 1814, and was buried in a
stranger's grave with no stone to mark the
spot. He married Jerusha, daughter of General
Roger Enos, and three chUdren were the
fruit of the union : Two, a son and daugh
ter, died in early life, and one son, Ira H.
AUen, lived to become prominent in Ver
mont affairs, showing good sense and good
character but nothing like his father's bril
liant abilities, and dying at Irasburgh, April
29, 1866, at the age of sixty-five.
It was while in England watching his lit
igation that he wrote his History of Vermont,
which contains much valuable matter, though
it is marred by some striking errors, due to
the fact that he wrote almost entirely from
memory. Our state seal is among the things credited
to AUen, and quite a story is told of it by
Henry Stevens, who got it from an aged
member of Governor Chittenden's guard.
The design was engraved on one of the Gov
ernor's horn drinking-cups, made from the
horn of an ox, bottomed with wood, and done
by a British lieutenant who used to come
secretly to the Governor's house in Arlington,
bringing him letters from Canada during the
progress of the Haldimand intrigue, and who
also improved the opportunity to "spark"
a hired girl in the Governor's family. While
once staying there several days, he happened
to look out of the west window of the resi
dence on a wheat field of some two acres, in
the distance, beyond which was a knoll with
a solitary pine on the top, and he drew the
scene on the cup. This cup attracted Allen's
attention and he adopted it for a state seal,
except that he brought a cow from over the
fence into the wheat.
Ira AUen loved Vermont and in that fact
is the secret alike of his achievements and
his offences, if such they were, and the
message that he sends down to us is in the
words he penned after he had experienced
much of the wrong and ingratitude that
shadowed his later years :
" I have travelled through some of the
finest countries in Europe and paused with
rapture on some of the most picturesque
views, and I do not hesitate to say that Ver
mont vies with any of them."
HERRICK, COL. Samuel.— One of the
romantic figures of the Revolution and the
few years before, and that is aU we know of
him. He came to Bennington about 1768,

so

BREAKENRIDGE.

and soon after the Revolution moved to
Springfield, N. Y., but prior to and after that
time his career is a blank to written history.
He was a captain in the Ticonderoga ex
pedition and was detaUed by Allen with a
party of thirty men to capture Skeenesbor-
ough (now WhitehaU) and take into custody
Major Skeene and his party. He succeeded
completely, secured the young man and a
schooner and several bateaux with which
they hastened to Ticonderoga and which
gave Arnold the material for his victory at
St. Johns. In the summer of 1777 he was
made colonel of a regiment of rangers which
the council of safety ordered raised to help
meet Burgoyne's invasion. He and his ran
gers bothered Burgoyne a great deal, ob
structed his advance by felling trees over the
roads and rolling stones in his path so that
Burgoyne was compeUed to cross Fort Ann
Mountain with his heavy train of artillery by
a road that was almost impassable. They
harassed his rear, cut off his supplies, and in
a thousand ways did the work of genuine
"rangers" to increase the difficulties of the
British descent. It was a work which contri
buted materially to the final ruin of the in
vasion, and for it the credit is due the
council of safety which ordered him to keep
it up, while Schuyler was continually order
ing him to abandon it and join the defen
sive army in the front of Burgoyne. He was
at the battle of Bennington with such of this
regiment as had then been enUsted and a
body of local militia as a separate detach
ment, making a body of 300 men with which
he led the attack on the rear of Raum's
right simultaneously with the assaults of
Colonels Nichols, Hubbard and Stickney on
olher parts of the Une, and he did his part
of that glorious day's work skillfully and gal
lantly. In September of the same year he and
the Rangers with Colonel Brown's regiment
gained the command of Lake George, drove
the British from Mounts Independence,
Defiance and Hope, and forced their evacu
ation of Ticonderoga. He was afterwards
in command of the southwestern regiment
of the state mUitia and did active service on
several occasions. The council in February,
1778, ordered a bataUion of six companies to
be raised under command of Herrick to aid
a proposed attack of Lafayette on St. Johns,
but the enterprise was given up.
Herrick had a special letter of thanks
from Gates and from the Vermont councU
for his part in the Lake George expedition.
BREAKENRIDGE, JAMES, whose
house was the scene of the opening struggle
with the Yorkers, and who was sent to Eng
land with Capt. Jehial Hawley of Arlington,
as agent for the settlers in 1772, was a

FAY.
native of Massachusetts, and of Scotch-Irish
descent. He came to Bennington, and as
his farm was right on the border of the
Grants up against the twenty-mile line from
the Hudson river, it was naturally the first
point of attack. His name appears in the
New York riot act of 1774, but he was a
quiet and inoffensive man who never en
gaged in riots, was in fact a man of the most
exemplary habits in every way. He was a
Ueutenant of the militia company formed in
Bennington in 1764. He died there, AprU
16, 1783, at the age of sixty-two.
FAY, Dr. Jonas.— One of the most act
ive, level-headed, and industrious of the men
who laid the foundations of Vermont, the
draftsman of the Declaration of Independ
ence, and the man from whom we get nearly
aU of the early records. His service covers
a wider field than that of any of the other
fathers. He was prominent among the early
settlers, coming to Bennington in 1766 and
practicing medicine there, except for his
calls to public duty, for thirty-five years.
Being a man of education and pen and ink
training, he was secretary for most of the
meetings of the committee of safety and
conventions until after the formation of the
state government, keeping his records in
account books or on sUps of paper, some of
which have been lost. He and his father,
Stephen Fay, the landlord of the famous
Catamount Tavern, were appointed delegates
from Bennington and neighboring towns to
appear before Governor Tryon in 1772 in
response to his invitation for a statement of
grievances, and to urge him to discontinue
violent proceedings. He was clerk of the
convention of settlers in March, 1774, which
resolved to defend their cause and leaders
by force, when Allen, \\'arner, and the others
were threatened by New York with outlawry
and death. In January, 1776, he was clerk
of the Dorset convention, that petitioned
Congress to be allowed to serve the common
cause independent of New York. He, and
Chittenden, Reuben Jones, Jacob Bayley,
and Heman Allen were appointed delegates
to prepare and present to Congress the
declaration and petition of independence,
and he was its draftsman. He was secretary
of the convention of July, 1777, that framed
the constitution, and he was one of the coun
cil of safety to administer the affairs of the
state during that summer of storm and diffi
culty. He was four times, between 1777 and
1 782, an agent of the state to the Continental
Congress. As soon as the state government
was launched he was elected a member of
the Governor's council, and held the position
for seven years to 1785. In the necessity
because of the scarcity of lawyers, as well as
the disposition of the times to make judges

FAY.

SI

•of men who had not been "learned in the
law," he was elected judge of the Supreme
Court in 1782. He was also judge of pro
bate for the five years following, until 1787.
Dr. Fay was a native of Hardwick, Mass.,
where he was born, Jan. 17, 1737. At the
age of nineteen he served in the French war,
in 1756 at Fort Edward and Lake George as
clerk in Capt. Sam Robinson's company of
Massachusetts troops. He accompanied
Allen's expedition to Ticonderoga as surgeon
and continued in that capacity until the
Green Mountain Boys were relieved by the
arrival of Colonel Elmore's regiment from
Connecticut. He was then appointed by the
Massachusetts committee of safety to muster
in troops as they arrived for the defense of
that post. He was also for a time surgeon of
Warner's regiment organized later in the
season for the invasion of Canada.
After he had helped launch the new state
on her career of independence and pros
perity he returned to the practice of his pro
fession at Bennington, until 1800, when he
moved to Charlotte, then a few years later to
Pawlet, and then back again to Bennington,
where he died March 6, 181 8, at the age of
eighty- two, after one of the most useful careers
to his fellow-kind that it is given any man to
fiU. ProfessionaUy, history says little of him, for
a physician's labors, though most beneficent
to the generations that follow, are little known
about even by the next generation. But he
was a man of extensive information, well di
gested for mental strengthening, and bold and
determined in opinion and action. Evidently
he was also a most likeable man personally,
for he was on intimate terms with all the Ver
mont leaders and nowhere do we find any
expression of jealousy of him or any feeUng
but one of confidence in his fidelity and
capacity. Dr. Fay was twice married and left numer
ous descendants.
FAY, COL. JOSEPH, brother of Dr.
Jonas, and son of the tavern keeper Stephen
Fay, was born at Hardwick, Mass., in 1752,
and came to Bennington in 1766. He was
secretary of the council of safety from
September, 1777, to March, 1778, and of the
Governor's councU from March, 1778, to
1794. He was also secretary of state for
three years after the resignation of Thomas
Chandler, Jr., in the latter part of 1778,
untU 1 78 1. Hewas Ira Allen's assistant in
most of the Haldimand negotiations and
did some skUlful work in footing the British.
It took him over two weeks, on his trip of
July, 1 781, to overcome their suspicions, but
he finally did it, and he and Allen managed
to shift the risk and responsibUity of the
first public proposal of a treaty on to Haldi

mand, and then got him to put it off. The
latter reluctantly consented to proceed by
proclamation to the recovery of Vermont.
He had the forra of the proclamation all
prepared when the news of the surrender of
CornwaUis saved AUen and Fay the necessity
of concocting further excuses for delay,
which seemed to be about exhausted.
Colonel Fay moved to New York City in
1794 and died there of yellow fever in 1803.
BAKER, Remember. — A cousin of the
AUens, and, by marriage, of Seth Warner, one
of the men for whose head New York offered
a reward, was among the most influential and
useful of the early leaders and was fast grow
ing towards a larger fame when his life was
cut off at the age of thirty-five.
He was a native of Woodbury, Conn., born
about 1740. In early youth he lost his father,
who was shot by a neighbor while out hunt
ing, and he was apprenticed to a joiner, where
he learned to read and write and acquired the
habits of prudence, energy and self-reliance
that served him so well in after years.
At the age of eighteen he served in the ex
pedition against Canada in the French war
and saw much service about Lakes George
and Champlain, and in this way acquired
much knowledge of Vermont lands and their
attractiveness. He was present at Ticon
deroga when Abercrombie feU. He rose to
be an officer before the war closed, and
gained much distinction by his bravery and
discretion. He came to Vermont with the
first wave of immigration to the west side, in
1763, at the age of twenty-three, and spent
rauch tirae exploring lands and hunting, and
a year later he settled in Arlington, where he
built the first grist miU on the grants north
of Bennington, which attracted many settlers
to that vicinity, and identified himself unre
servedly with the cause of the settlers when
the trouble with New York arose. He is de
scribed as cool and temperate in council, but
resolute and determined in action. He usu
ally wished to inflict severer penalties on the
Yorkers than his companions. Perhaps his
own tough experience afforded some reason,
for, stimulated by the reward offered, an at
tempt was made in March, 1772, to capture
him, by a dozen partisans of New York under
the lead of one John Monroe. They broke
into his house in the dawn of a Monday
morning, pounded and maltreated his chil
dren, attempted to slash his wife with a
sword, and even to fire the building after
plundering it. Baker at first attempted to
defend himself in his chamber, but to draw
the attention of his assailants from his family
burst a board from the end of the house, es
caped and ran. Then, according to the story
written by Ethan .Alien for the Hartford
Courant, they set a large dog upon him.

S2

WALBRIDGE.

overtook him, pinioned him, refused to allow
him to dress — for he was just as he arose
from the bed — threw him into a carriage
where they clubbed and cut and slashed him
unmercifully until blood streamed from va
rious parts of the body, and then drove rapidly
towards Albany. Three men who pursued
were fired upon by Monroe's party, and
robbed of all their effects to the amount of
$40. But another rescuing party was formed
at ArUngton as soon as the news of the kid
napping spread, and pursued with such vigor
that it came up with Monroe's gang at Hud
son's Ferry, just opposite Albany, drove the
captors off, and took Baker back in triumph
to Arlington.
Baker was with AUen as a captain at Ticon
deroga, and also with the regiment of Green
Mountain Boys when the invasion of Canada
was begun in the fall following. When
Schuyler took coramand of the northern de
partment he sent Baker ahead to reconnoiter
the enemy's position and obtain information
of the military situation in Canada, and it
was while out on this duty that he was shot
by the Indians in the vicinity of St. Johns.
He was not only a brave and capable offi
cer and a progressive business man, but he
was a kind neighbor and he relieved the dis
tress of many a family.
He left five children, one of whora, also
named Remember, became a lawyer of some
note in New York state.
WALBRIDGE, EBENEZER.— Prominent
as both a railitary raan and civiUan, and one
of the few, after the original eight, admitted
to the secret of the Haldimand corres
pondence, was born at Norwich, Conn., Jan.
I, 1738, came to Bennington about '65, and
died there October, 18 19.
The faraily was a brave and brainy one,
tracing back to Sir William de Walbridge of
Suffolk county, Eng., who distinguished him
self in the Fourth Crusade, under Richard
Cceur de Lion. One of General Wal-
bridge's grandsons, Hiram Walbridge, was a
member of Congress from New York in
i853-'55, a granddaughter was the wife of
Gov. Washington Hunt of New York, and
David S. Walbridge, congressman from
Michigan, i854-'59, born in Bennington in
1802, was probably a relative.
Ebenezer Walbridge was a Ueutenant in
the regiment of Green Mountain Boys before
Quebec in 1775, and was adjutant of the
regiment, and he fought at Bennington where
his brother Henry was killed.
He was in this campaign sent by General
Lincoln with five hundred troops to Skeens-
borough. Fort Ann and Fort Edward to
alarm and divide the British forces, and this
diversion had an important bearing on the
campaign and was another iraportant factor

COCHRAN.
in the ruin of Burgoyne. He was lieuten
ant-colonel in 1778, and in 1780 succeeded
Herrick in command of the Bennington
regiment, and he also commanded a regi
ment of militia in that vicinity in 1781J ^^'^
in October of that year was at Castleton to
meet a threatened invasion by St. Leger.
In December of that year when New York
was threatening to make war on the state,,
he was in command of the troops before
which the New York miUtia fled. He was
subsequently elected brigadier-general. He
twice represented his town and was a mem
ber of the Governor's council 1 78o-'88. He
was an enterprising business man, and in
1784 built and operated at Bennington the
first paper miU in Vermont. Personally he
is described as a raan of most kindly and
winning qualities.
COCHRAN, ROBERT.— Who was
honored as one of the eight outiawed by
New York in 1774, and who was one of the
recognized leaders in the "beech seal" days,.
came from Coleraine, Mass., to Bennington.
about 1768, but soon moved to Rupert. He
was a captain among the Green Mountain
Boys before the Revolution, and after the
Westminster massacre, appeared within
forty-eight hours at the head of forty men to-
fight the cause of the people against the
"Court party." With a file of twenty-five he
assisted in conveying the prisoners taken
the next day to the jail at Northampton.
He was a captain in the Ticonderoga ex
pedition in the May following, and assisted
AVarner in the capture of Crown Point. He
afterwards joined Colonel Elmore's regi
ment, where he held a commision as cap
tain until July 29, '76, when he was pro
moted to be major by resolution of Con
gress. The next October we find hira on
the frontier in Tryon County, N. Y., com
manding at Fort Dayton. He served with
reputation in the '77 campaign, probably on
Gates' staff. He certainly bore dispatches
from the general to the coraraittee of safety
on the Grants. The next year he had an
adventurous trip to Canada, where he was
sent to obtain information of the military
situation, and narrowly escaped arrest and
execution as a spy. A large reward was
offered for his capture, and he was taken iU
while hiding in a brush-heap from his pur
suers. Hunger and disease at length com
pelled him to venture to approach a log
cabin, where he heard three men conversing
about the reward and planning his capture.
When the men left he crawled into the pres
ence of the woman of the house, frankly
told her his name and pUght, and threw
himself on her mercy. She gave him food
and a bed, and kept him hid in the house
until the men had returned and left again,.

ALLEN.

ALLEN.

S3

and then directed him to a place of conceal
ment a Uttle off, and she steaUhily fed and
nursed him there until he was able to travel,
knowing all the tirae how much money it
would be worth to her to betray him.
Years afterward he met her and rewarded
her generously for her womanly ministration.
In September, 1778, Cochran was in com
mand of Fort Schuyler and did active and
efficient work on the frontier. In 1780 he
was promoted to a Ueutenant-colonelcy. He
came out of the war Uke most of the heroes
who had fought through it, deeply in debt, and
Sparks, in his life of Baron Steuben, gives a
pathetic account of Cochran's distress, as he
viewed the circumstances in which his ser
vices to his country had left him and the
empty-handedness with which he must go to
the wife and children who were awaiting him
in the garret of a wretched tavern. It is a
scene to which, for the credit of human nature,
attention cannot be too often directed, show
ing what raan with aU his Uttieness and im
perfections is capable of doing and sacrific
ing for an idea.
Later years, however, brought deserved
prosperity to Cochran. He Uved after the
war at Ticonderoga and Sandy Hook, N. Y.,
dying at the latter place July 3, 1812, at the
age of seventy-three, and being buried near
Fort Edward.
ALLEN, Heman. — The eldest of the
Allen brothers, and a most capable man of
affairs, as he proved himself before his early
•death, at the age of thirty-eight, was born at
Cornwall, Conn., Oct. 15, 1740. He was
only fifteen years old when his father died
and he soon had to take the care of his
widowed raother and the younger children.
He was a merchant at Salisbury at the out
break of the Revolution, and probably his
legal residence was there though he was
prominent in Vermont affairs, a delegate
from Rutland to the convention in January,
1777, that declared independence, and from
'Colchester to the Windsor convention that
framed the constitution, an agent of the
Dorset convention in January, 1776, to pre
sent their petition to Congress to be allowed
to serve in the common cause under officers
to be naraed by Congress, and the minutes
•of the councU of safety showed that he re
ported on the mission July 24, 1776. His
narae in fact appears on the record of all
the conventions, except two, from July, 1775,
to July, 1777, and in two he was delegate at
large or adviser and counselor, once with
Seth Warner. He served on the most ira
portant committees, as of that to fix the basis
¦of representation of the towns in January,
1776, and that to treat with the inhabitants
of the eastern part of the state in July of
that year. He represented Middlebury once.

His service in the mission to Congress in
1776 was very tactful and probably pre
vented an adverse decision which would
have been ruinous to the new state at that
time. His brother Ira regarded Heman
Allen with even more admiration than Ethan.
Heman was in the Canadian campaign as
a captain in the regiment of Green Mountain
Boys. He was at the battle of Bennington
as a member of the council of safety, and he
caught a cold there and died of decUne in
the May following. He was a considerable
owner of Vermont lands. Henry HaU says :
"Of aU our early heroes few gUde before us
with statelier step or more beneficent mien
than Heman Allen. His Ufe of thirty-seven
and one-half years was Uke that of ChevaUer
Bayard, without fear and without reproach.
A merchant and a soldier, a politician and a
land owner, a diplomat and a statesman, he
was capable, honest, earnest and true."
ALLEN, Ebenezer, one of the framers
of the constitution, a brave and successful
partisan leader, and the pioneer aboUtionist,
was not of the Connecticut family of the
other famous Vermonters, and only distantly
related to them. He was born in North
ampton, Mass., Oct. 17, 1743. His parents
moved, while he was a child, to New Marl
boro, Mass., where his father soon died, and
he, as one of the oldest children, had to bear
much of the burden of the support of the
family, with only meagre opportunities for
education. He was for a while, at least, an
apprentice to a blacksmith. In 1762 he
married a Miss Richards, who survived him
for many years, and in 1768 he came to Ben
nington, Uving there for three years, and
thence proceeding to Poultney, where he
helped in the first settlement of the town. He
was with Ethan AUen at Ticonderoga, and was
a lieutenant in Warner's regiment of Green
Mountain Boys in Canada in 1775, and he
moved to Tinmouth soon after. He was a
delegate from there to the several conven
tions of 1776, and to the historic ones of the
next year that declared the state's independ
ence and framed the constitution. In July,
1777, he was captain of a company of min
ute men in Herrick's regiment of Rangers,
and he greatly distinguished himself at Ben
nington. At one time during this fight, with
only thirty men, under cover of a natural
breastwork of rocks, he stood against the
main body of Raum's army, and a hot and
weU directed fire threw the assailants into
confusion and temporary retreat. He saw
considerable service later in the war, was
promoted to be major in the Rangers, and
afterward several tiraes a colonel in command
of a regiment in the state's service. He
participated with Brown, Herrick and John
son in the movement in the middle of Sep-

54

ROBINSON.

tember, 1777, to cut off Burgoyne's com
raunications by attacking the posts in his
rear, and with only forty men he made a
brilUant night attack on Alt. Defiance, occu
pied by two hundred men, captured it and had
turned its guns on Ticonderoga when Brown
decided to give up the attempt to take the
fort. Two months later, when the British
abandoned Ticonderoga, AUen cut off their
rear guard and with a force of men took
forty-nine red-coat prisoners. He used to
explain in after years how he did this. It was
by a ruse, and by the employment of most all
his raen scattered about to yeU and make the
English think the woods were fuU of Her
rick's Rangers, or "white Indians," as the
English called them, and of whom the in
vaders had learned to have a mortal terror.
In this capture was the negro slave of a
British officer, Dinah Morris, with her infant
child. "Conscientious that it is not right in
the sight of God to keep slaves," he gave her a
written certificate of emancipation and caused
it to be recorded in the clerk's office at Ben
nington, where it stands with the clause for
bidding slavery in the constitution, and Judge
Harrington's blasphemous, yet reverent de
cision that he would require a "biU of sale
from God .Almighty" as proof of ownership
before he would remand a runaway negro
back to slavery, as one of the brightest jew
els in Vermont's imperishable diadem of
honor. He was in command of the fort at Ver
gennes in 1778 or 1779. He was also in
1779 on the board of war.
In May 1780, Sir John Johnson, made a
raid from Canada into the Mohawk Valley
and Governor Clinton hastened to the south
end of Lake George to intercept his return.
The Governor dispatched a request to the
commander of the Vermont troops at Castle
ton to send aid. The next day Colonel
Allen wrote that he had reached Mt. Inde
pendence with two hundred men one hun
dred more would follow at once, and he
would lead the three hundred to the scene
if the Governor would send boats to trans
port them. Johnson escaped by way of
Crown Point, but Clinton in writing to Con
gress was constrained to say that this punct
uality did great honor to the men of the
Grants. There is but little record evidence
left of the railitary events of the four years
after 1779, as it was all "play war" so far as
Vermont was concerned, with alraost no
fighting. But it is certain that Allen per
formed much service about Lake Champlain,
and mainly on the western side.
He moved to South Hero, about 1783,
where he engaged in farming, blacksmithing,
tavern-keeping, and finally shipping oak lum
ber to Quebec. In 1792 he made a tour of
the then unsettled territories of Ohio and

Michigan, in company with a party of
friendly Indians, and was absent nearly a
year on the trip. He represented the town
from 1788 to '92, was a justice of peace, and
its leading citizen. He was a member of the
convention in 1791 that voted for admission
to the Union. He moved to BurUngton in
1800, where he opened a tavern near the
south wharf, which he conducted until his
death, March 26, 1806, at the age of sixty-
three. He is described in personal appearance by
D. W. Dixon, his best biographer, as : " Of
medium height, with a large head, in which
the perceptive faculties were very prominent ;
black-eyed, dark-featured, deep-chested, and
endowed with more than ordinary physical
strength and activity." In reUgion he was a
Calvinist, in politics a Hamilton FederaUst.
He was in raany respects a remarkable man.
Nature had infused into him a vigor and vi
vacity of mind which in a measure suppUed
the deficiencies of his education. Courage,
enterprise, and perseverance were the first
characteristics of his mind. His disposition
was frank and generous, though he possessed
a combative temperament.

THE ROBINSON FAMILY.
ROBINSON, Samuel.— The acknowl
edged leader of the band of pioneers who
settled Bennington, and almost a controUing
authority among them, was the progenitor of
the most remarkable among a number of
Vermont families proUfic of public useful
ness — a faraily that has in the past century
furnished two Governors, two United States
senators, six judges of one degree and an
other, the acknowledged leaders of the Demo
cratic party in the state in three different
generations, and United States marshals,
generals, colonels, state's attorneys, town
clerks, etc., almost without computation.
The family had a heritage of brains and
power, tracing its descent from Rev. John
Robinson, the father of the Puritans in Eng
land in 1620, and pastor of the Pilgrims be
fore they sailed from HoUand in the May
flower, and being alUed by marriage witb
the ancestry of Governor Jonathan Trumbull
of Connecticut.
Samuel Robinson, born at Cambridge,
Mass., in 1705, came to Vermont from Hard
wick, Mass.
He had been a captain of Massachusetts
troops through several campaigns in the
vicinity of Lake George and Champlain in
the French and Indian war.
He was the first justice of the peace com
missioned by Governor AVentworth in the
Grants and the first clash between New
York and New Hampshire authority was be-

ROBINSON.

ROBINSON.

55

fore him. It arose over the case of two
claimants in Pownal. He took the New
Hampshire side and he and Samuel Ashley, a
New Hampshire deputy sheriff, were arrested
and taken to Albany jail in consequence and
occasioning acrimonious correspondence
between the two Governors ; but the affair
ended in a compromise and though Robin
son and Ashley were indicted for resisting
New York officers, they were never brought
to trial. He was deputed by the settlers in
1765 to go to NewYork and try to save their
lands from the city speculators to whom
Lieutenant-Governor Colden was making
Grants with lavish hand, but his efforts were
unavailing. He was, in 1766, sent as an
agent for the settlers to England to present
their case to the ministry, and the mission
was making very favorable progress towards
success when he was taken with smallpox
and suddenly died in London, Oct. 27, 1767.
His eldest son. Col. Samuel Robinson,
born at Hardwick, August 15, 1738, was
active in the controversy over the grants, was
elected one of the town committee to succeed
his father, coramanded one of the Benning
ton companies in the battle of Bennington,
and during the war rose to the rank of colonel.
He was, in 1777 and 1778, "overseer of the
Tory prisoners" and in 1779 and 1780 rep
resented the town in the General Assembly
and was a member of the board of war. He
was the first justice appointed in town under
Vermont authority, in 1778, and was one of
the judges of the special court for the south
shire of the county, and, as such, presided at
the trial of Redding. He was a generous
and large-rainded raan, upright, enterprising,
kindly in raanner and of decided natural
ability and ready courage. .Another son. Gen.
David Robinson, born at Hardwick, Nov.
22, 1754, was a major-general of the state
militia, an active and energetic man of his
time and United States marshal for eight
years up to 1818. He fought as a private in
the battle of Bennington, rising by regular
promotion to the place of major-general,
which he resigned in 181 7. He was sheriff
of the county for twenty-two years ending
with 1811. He died Dec. 12, 1843, ^t the
age of eighty-nine. His wife was Sarah,
daughter of Stephen Fay, who bore him three
sons. One of these, Stephen, was a member
of the General Assembly several years, a
judge of the county court, and a raeraber of
the council of censors in 1834. He died in
1852, at the age of seventy-one.
ROBINSON, GOV. MOSES.— The first
chief justice of the state. Governor and one
of her first senators, the close friend of
Jefferson and Madison, and one of the
leaders of the Democracy of that day, was the
second son of Sarauel Robinson, Sr., born at

Hardwick, Mass., March 20, 1 74 1 . Lanmann
says he was educated at Dartmouth. He
was elected Bennington's clerk at the first
meeting of the town in March, 1762, and
kept its records for nineteen years. In the
early part of 1777 he ^^^ ^ colonel of militia,
and was at the head of his regiment on
Mount Independence when Ticonderoga
was evacuated by St. Clair. Then he be
came a meraber of the council of safety
which held continuous sessions for several
months. He was also on the Governor's
council for eight years, to October, 1785.
He was in the secret of the Haldimand
negotiation from the beginning, was one of
the signers of the certificate which was
drawn up to protect the farae of Chittenden,
and Allen and Fay, in 1781, and all through
the infant troubles of the new state, had the
confidence of the leaders and fathers, and
was one of the shrewd advisers of this criti
cal period, though his position was such that
he could not take an active part. For, on
the first organization of the state, he was ap
pointed chief justice, a position which he
held, except one year, until 1789, when in a
temporary breeze of dissatisfaction he was
elected Governor for a single term. But as
the issues were purely local and personal,
and bore no relation to national politics,
with which, of course, Vermont had no in
terest while outside the Union, he cannot
be said to have been the first Democratic
Governor — an honor which belongs to Israel
Smith as a matter of fact, though in point
of power of leadership Jonas Galusha must
be called the first of his tirae. The causes
of the overturn of this year are explained in
the sketch of Governor Chittenden. The vote
of the freemen stood 1,263 for Chittenden,
746 for Robinson, 478 for Samuel Safford,
and 378 for aU others. The choice, in the
failure of any one to get a majority, therefore
went to the Legislature, and the opposition
to Chittenden concentrated on Robinson, and
elected him.
In 1782 Judge Robinson was sent to the
Continental Congress as one of the agents of
the state, and he was one of the commissioners
that finally adjusted the controversy with New
York. In 1791 he was chosen by the Legis
lature with Stephen Bradley Senator to Con
gress. He was very active with the then
young Republicans in opposition to the rati
fication of the Jay treaty, not only in Con
gress but in procuring public meetings in his
town and county to conderan it, as a part of
the campaign of popular agitation organized
all over the country against the measures of
the FederaUsts that finally drove that party
from power. The Senator had the vigorous
support of his town and county for his poUti
cal views, but when satisfied that he was in a
fixed and definite minority in the state, in

56

ROBINSON.

ROBINSON.

obedience to his democratic views of duty,
he resigned his position as Senator in Octo
ber, 1796, a few months before the expiration
of his term, and was succeeded by Isaac
Tichenor, who had then become the Fed
eralist leader.
This closed his public career, with the ex
ception of one term in the General Assembly
in 1802. He died May 26, 1813, at the age
of seventy-two.
Senator Robinson was a man of profound
piety and Democracy, and he had no diffi
culty in raaking these convictions mix,
though it was the general belief of New En
gland that they were antipodal. He was an
ardent sympathizer with the French Revolu
tion, because he beUeved in the rights of
man, and even if French repubUcans were
infidels and went to the most extravagant
length in blasphemy, it was, to his view, no
argument for the rights of kings. Many news
paper squibs were fired at him in after years
because of an occurence in 1791, when Jeffer
son and Madison, making a horseback trip
through New England, stopped with him at
Bennington over one Sunday. The senator
who never failed to attend divine worship
when possible, took them to church, and
proud, as country people were apt to be in
those days of the church choir, insisted on
getting their opinion of it, and how it com
pared with church music in other churches
and places, whereupon, it was said, both had
to admit that they -were no judges, as neither
of thera had attended any church for several
years. The yarn of course was designed to
injure him politically with the intolerant
people with whom he mixed and to discredit
him as deacon of the church, as he was from
1789 to the time of his death. But though
Moses Robinson raight and doubtiess did
regret Jefferson's tendency to free religious
views, it did not abate one jot his admira
tion of that man's great work for humanity's
progress, or friendly association with him in
working towards high ideals of governraent.
This union of piety and Democracy is
finely expressed in his address on retiring
from the Governor's chair in 1790, so free
frora the slightest accent of jealousy, so cor
dial towards his successful rival, so unaffect
edly obedient to the popular wish, that it de
serves to be preserved as a gem in our
poUtical literature. After alluding to his own
election the year previous, and his conscious
ness that he had faithfully discharged his
duty and executed his trust, he added : " It
appears frora the present election that the
freemen have given their suffrages in favor
of His ExceUency Governor Chittenden. I
heartily acquiesce in the choice, and shall,
with the greatest satisfaction, retire to private
Ufe, where I expect to enjoy that peace

which naturally results from a consciousness
of having done my duty.
"The freemen have an undoubted right
when they see it for the benefit of the com
munity to caU forth their citizens from be
hind the curtain of private life and make
them their rulers, and for the same reason to
dismiss them at pleasure and elect others in
their place. This privilege is essential to
aU free and to repubUcan governments. As
a citizen I trust I shall ever feel for the in
terest of the state ; the confidence the free
men have repeatedlly placed in rae ever
since the first formation of government, lays
rae under additional obligations to promote
their true interest.
" Fellow-citizens of the Legislature, I wish
you the benediction of Heaven in the prose
cution of the important business of the pres
ent session ; that all your consultations may
terminate for the glory of God and the inter
est of the citizens of this state, and that both
those in pubUc and private life raay so con
duct in the several spheres in which God in
his providence shaU caU thera to act, so that,
when death shaU close the scene of life, we
may each of us have the satisfaction of a
good conscience and the approbation of our
Judge." Governor Robinson became very wealthy
with the progress of the state and was cor
respondingly generous in his gifts for the
cause of reUgion.
He was really the father of the Congrega
tional church at Bennington, and it is related
of him that when people came to Benning-
tan to purchase land, he would invite them
to his house over night, contrive to learn
their reUgious views and if they were not
good Congregationalists persuade thera to
settle in Shaftsbury or Pownal, in both of
which he was also a proprietor. So strong a
bent did he and his associates give to the
reUgious opinion of the community that up
to 1830 there was only one house of public
worship in the town.
His sunset days were of almost ecstatic hope
and beauty. One of those present at his death,
the wife of Gen. David Robinson, said of
the scene : " If I could feel as he did, it
would be worth ten thousand worlds."
Governor Robinson raarried for his first
wife Mary, daughter of Stephen Fay, and
after her death, Susannah Howe. He left six
sons by his first wife, to show the effects of
blending the patriotic blood of Robinson
and Fay. Moses, the eldest, was a member
of the councU in 18 14, and was repeatedly,
in i8i9-'2o-'23 representative in the General
Assembly. He was, in opposition to nearly
all the rest of the family, a FederaUst in poU
tics, and repeatedly that party's candidate
for councilor, being defeated once only by the
oraission of "Jr." frora his name. Aaron, the

ROBINSON.
second, was town clerk seven years, justice of
the peace twenty-three years, representative
in the Legislature in i8i6-'i7, and judge of
probate in i83S-'36. Samuel, the third, was
clerk of the Supreme Court for the county
from 1794 to 1815, and Nathan, another son,
a lawyer, who died at the age of forty, repre
sented the town in 180^.
t
ROBINSON, JONATHAN,— The young
est son of Samuel, Sr., brother of the pre
ceding, and, Uke him, chief justice of the
Supreme Court and United States Senator,
was born at Hardwick, August 11, 1756,
came to Bennington with his father in 1761,
and was admitted to the bar in 1796. He
was town clerk for six years beginning with
179s, town representative thirteen times be
fore 1802, and chief justice of the Supreme
Court from 1801 to 1807. In the latter year
the triumph of the Jeffersonians in at last
defeating Tichenor and electing Israel Smith
Governor, seven years after they had got
control of the rest of the government, neces
sitated the latter's resignation of his seat in
the Senate, and Judge Robinson was chosen
to succeed hira, and in 1809 he was also
elected for another term closing in 181 5. He
was in Federal relations the poUtical raaster
of the state during this time, had a controll
ing influence in the distribution of the army
and other patronage of the administration,
which was very great during the war of 181 2,
and he handled it with rauch shrewdness as
weU as care for the pubUc interest. He had
not the remarkable power of his great com
peer, Jonas Galusha, to make a permanent
impress on the thought of his time, but he
-was an astute and far-seeing leader. He
more closely resembled his great competitor
in county politics, and his successor in the
Senate, Isaac Tichenor, in his popular man
ners and facility of leadership ; and, as with
Tichenor, there was a strong leaven of faith
fulness to duty and an underlying strength of
character and solidity of ability, that made
the ultimate basis of success. He had the
ear and confidence of President Madison to
an extent that few men had.
After his retirement from the Senate, like
many other great Vermonters, he found it
not beneath his dignity to serve the people
in other stations to which they caUed him.
He was elected judge of probate in October,
1815, and held the position for four years,
and again represented the town in 181 8, be
ing prominent in the discussion over the
proposed constitutional amendment for the
real democratic plan for the choice of presi
dential electors by districts. He died Nov.
3, 18 19, at the age of sixty- three.
He married into another noted A^ermont
family, his wife being Mary, daughter of
John Fassett. One of their sons, Jonathan

EOBINSON.

57

E., a lawyer, was town clerk nine years and
judge of county court in 1828 and died in
1831. Another, Henry, was paymaster in
the army, clerk in the pension office, briga
dier-general of miUtia, and for ten years clerk
of the county and supreme court. He died
in 1856.
ROBINSON, JOHN S.— Son of Nathan,
and grandson of Gov. Moses Robinson, a
Democratic leader in the last generation and
the only Democratic Governor of the state
for more than half a century, was born at
Bennington Nov. 10, 1804. He graduated
at WilUams in 1824, and was admitted to the
bar in 1827. A man of brilUant parts, he
rapidly rose to the front rank of his profes
sion and was well adapted for a poUtical
career like that of the other great men ofthe
name but for the fact that the movement of
the times had left his party in a hopeless
minority in the state. He twice represented
the town in the lower House of the Legisla
ture and was twice a state senator. He was
repeatedly the Democratic candidate for
Congress in his district. There was a serious
spUt in the organization growing out of the
Free Soil movement of 1848, and continuing
for several years until it merged into the
Liberty or later the RepubUcan party. In
1851 hewas the candidate of the minority
element, receiving 6,686 votes to 14,950 for
Timothy P. Redfield, the regular Demo
cratic candidate, and 22,676 for Charles K.
Williams, Whig. The next year the Demo
crats made him their regular candidate, and
with a teraporary increase of strength for the
Liberty party which cast 9,446 votes for Law
rence Brainerd, there was a failure to elect by
the people, Robinson having 14,938 votes
and Erastus Fairbanks, Whig, 23,795, and the
choice was by the Legislature, which elected
Fairbanks. The next year the enactraent of prohibi
tion had stirred things up a good deal, and
given the Democrats renewed hope, they
made Robinson their candidate again, and
the result of the election was 20,849 ^^r Fair
banks, 18,142 for Robinson, and 8,291 for
Brainerd, again throwing the choice to the
Legislature where Robinson was elected. But
it was only a year's triuraph. It was the period
of political breakup over the slavery issue,
and of the foundation of the new Repub
Ucan party. In July of the next suramer,
Brainerd presided over the first Republican
state convention, and that fall was sent to
the United States Senate. The polls in Sep
tember showed the dropping out of the
Liberty party, and except some 1,600 scat
tering votes araong various candidates, the
issue was between the two leading parties,
and Stephen Royce was elected Governor by

ROWLEY.

DEWEY.

a vote of 27,926 to 15,084 for the Demo
crats. Governor Robinson, however, remained an
active Democrat, and in i860 was chairman
of the Vermont delegation to the National
Democratic convention at Charleston, S. C,
but was stricken with apoplexy while in
that city, and died there the 24th of that
month. Governor HaU, so long his rival, profes
sionally and poUticaUy, pays tribute to his
"legal attainments and high order of talent,"
and adds : "Generous of heart, araiable in
disposition, and with integrity undoubted,
he, by his uniform courtesy and kindness,
endeared himself to aU with whom he had
business or intercourse."
Governor Robinson wedded, in October,
1847, JuUette Staniford, widow of WilUam
Robinson. He left no children.
ROWLEY, Thomas.— The first poet of
the Green Mountains, a public favorite,
trusty patriot, and soraething of a statesman,
a soldier, legislator and judge, was born in
Hebron, Conn., and came to Danby in 1769,
was its first town clerk serving for nine
years until in 1778, and then, on the organi
zation of the state government was its first
representative in the General Assembly and
also for the next two years. Through the
troublous times of the Green Mountain Boys'
resistance to New York and the Revolution
he was generally chairman of Danby's com
mittee of safety and whUe in the Legislature
he served on the most important commit
tees, and was the draftsman of their bills.
He was in the convention of 1777 that de
clared independence and framed the con
stitution. But it was as a poet that he rendered his
memorable service to Vermont. His verses
were everywhere sung through the state as
an inspiration to the settlers and the Green
Mountain Boys. And they were just fitted,
with their homely vigor of phrase, their
sympathy with the wild romance of nature
about them, their heat of intense conviction
of right and their scoring of the speculators
after their homes, to stir the people on the
Grants deeply. They were indeed the fit
complement of Ethan Allen's vehement elo
quence in prose. They were mostly given
out impromptu, many of them never cora
mitted to paper at all, and only a few and
imperfect fragments have been brought
down to the present ; but with all their
roughnesses of meter and expression, even
after the struggle that made the soul of them
had passed, it is easy to see that there was
wit and genius in thera. He was always
versifying, and some specimens on religious,
moral and faraily topics have been preserved,
but though they contain sorae diamonds of

poetic thought, they lack the fire that even
now can be felt in his effusions.
He lived at Rutiand for a while and was
first judge of the special court for that
county. After the Revolutionary war he
moved to Shoreham, where he had before
lived for a year, and was also the first town
clerk and first justice of the peace of that
town. About the year 1 800 he went to Ben
son to Uve with his son Nathan and died
there in 1803.
He was regarded as a man of sound judg
ment and ability, as well as a wit and poet.
He was intensely religious, a Wesleyan in
his views. In appearance he is described as
"of medium height, rather thick set, rapid
in his movements, with light eyes, sprightly
and piercing, indicating rapidity of percep
tion, and sometimes the facetious poetic
faculty ; yet he was generally a sedate and
thoughtful man."
DEWEY, Rev. Jedediah,— Son of Jede
diah and Rebecca Dewey, was born in VCest-
field, Mass., AprU 11,1714, married Mind well
Hayden of Windsor, Conn., August 4, 1736,
and removed to Bennington from Westfield,
Mass. Died December 21, 1778.
"The Records and Memorials of a Cen
tury," edited by Rev. Isaac Jennings, show
that Mr. Dewey was the first minister and
also the first school teacher in the state. He
was a patriot with a profound interest in the
future prosperity of the infant settlement
where he had cast his lot, and took a promi
nent part in the controversy originating from
the disputes concerning the land titles of the
New Hampshire Grants. His correspondence
with Governor Tryon, of New York, demon
strated that his influence was weighty in put
ting an end to the struggle by peaceful
negotiation. Rev. Mr. Dewey preached the
war sermon previous to the battle of Ben
nington, charging his congregation to go
forth and fight for their native land. On the
foUowing Saturday the battle of Bennington
was fought and won. His son, Capt. Elijah
Dewey, was on the field in command of the
infantry corapany from Bennington, and
every history of Vermont relates how well he
discharged his duty on that occasion.
It is related in "Jennings' History of Ver
mont," that at the public divine service of
thanksgiving for the capture of Ticonderoga,
many officers being present, among whom was
Ethan Allen, Mr. Dewey preached and made
the prayer, in which he gave to God all the
glory and praise of the capture of that strong
hold. Ethan AUen, in the midst of the
prayer caUed out, "Parson Dewey," "Parson
Dewey," "Parson Dewey." At the third
pronunciation of his name Mr. Dewey paused
and opened his eyes, when Allen raised both
hands and exclaimed, "Please mention to

FASSETT.
the Lord about my being there," to which
the parson repUed, "Sit down thou bold
blasphemer, and Usten to the word of God,"
and it is a matter of record in the Walloomsac
VaUey that the hero of Ticonderoga quietly
resumed his seat.
FASSETT, Captain John.— One ofthe
most useful and constantly employed of the
public men of the state's formative period,
was born in Hardwick, Mass., June 3, 1743 ;
the son of Captain Fassett, who carae to
Bennington in 1761, became an innholder
and captain of the first miUtary company
forraed in town, and was the town's repre-
rentative in the first Vermont Legislature.
John Fassett came to Bennington with his
father. He was lieutenant in Warner's first
regiment in 1775, and captain in Warner's
second in 1776. In 1777 he was one of the
commissioners of sequestration, and with
Governor Chittenden and Matthew Lyon
successful in subduing the Tories of .Arling
ton. He was elected Representative of
Arlington in the General Asserably for 1778
and 1779, and for Cambridge in 1787 and
1788, 1790 and 1791 ; though in 1779, 1787
and 1788 and 1790 and 1791 he was also
elected councilor. He served in each office
portions of the time. He was a member of
the Council in 1779 and until 1795, with the
exception of 1786, fifteen years. He was
judge of the Superior Court from its organ
ization in 1778 until 1786, eight years;
and chief judge of Chittenden county court
from 1787 until 1794, seven years.
Highland Hall states that Judge Fassett
died in Cambridge, but the historian of that
place tells of "Dr. John Fassett who came
from Bennington in 1784 raoving west after
he had lived in town about forty years, and
when he must have been an octogenarian."
KNOWLTON, LUKE, (or Knoulton, as
he wrote the name), councilor, judge, early
settler and most influential citizen of New-
fane, and holding some anomalous positions
in the early controversies, was born at
Shrewsbury, Mass., November, 1738.'' He
was a soldier in the French and Indian war,
was stationed at Crown Point for a while,
and came close to starvation in the march
from that point to Charleston, Nov. 4, where
his company was obliged to kUl its last pack
horse for food. He came to Newfane in
1773, the fifteenth family to settle in town,
and carae under a New York title which he
and another raan had purchased frora a lot
of speculators in New York City. Naturally,
therefore, he took the New York side in the
controversy with the Green Mountain boys,
and adhered to it untU 1780, when he and
Ira AUen came to terms while they were at
PhUadelphia as agents for the two sides

KNOWLTON.

59

before Congress. But it is certain, in spite
of the accusations of later years, that he was
on the patriot side at the opening of the
Revolution, and there is no sufficient reason
for impugning his patriotism afterwards, for
at the tirae it was done he was acting
in concert with the Vermont leaders when
his social and personal connections were
such as to make him a convenient medium
of communication with the British. From
June, 1776, to June, 1777, he was a member
of the Cumberland county committee of
Safety.

May 17, 1774, on the organization ofthe
town of Newfane, he was elected town clerk
and held that position sixteen years. In
1772 he had been appointed by NewYork
one of the justices of peace for the county.
In September, 1780, the Yorkers of Cum
berland county sent him to Congress as their
agent to oppose the pretensions of the new
state, and for this service he had a letter of
recommendation from Governor Clinton, of
New York. It was whUe on this mission
that the arrangeraent was raade with Ira
AUen, on a basis, as the latter wrote, that
should " be honorable to those who had
been in favor of New York." The arrange
ment was to call a convention of delegates
of aU parties interested, including the New
Hampshire towns that wanted to unite with
Vermont. The next month we find Knowlton active
as chairman of a Cumberland county com
mittee of thirteen to bring about this con-

•6o

KNOWLTON.

KNOWLTON.

vention, which first met at Walpole, and then
caUed another convention at Charlestown,
Jan. 1 6, 1 781. He was present at the latter
convention, acting in concert with Allen, who
was manipulating it frora the outside. The
result was the "East union" of thirty-five
New Hampshire towns with Vermont, and
following that the "West union" of that part
of New York to the banks of Hudson river,
north of Massachusetts line to latitude 45°
Knowlton was evidently satisfied with this,
as were most of the New York adherents in
Windham county, for he soon appeared
among the leaders in Vermont politics.
He was town representative in the General
Asserably of the state of Vermont during the
years 1784, 1788, 1789, 1792, 1803, and
1806, and a meraber of the old council from
1790 to 1800; judge of the Supreme Court
in 1786, and judge of the Windham county
court from 1787 to 1793.
In 1782 while the Haldimand intrigue was
at its height and emissaries were passing
thick back and forth through Vermont, a dis
patch was intercepted which showed that the
British commander in Canada was communi
cating with British agents in New York City
by means of letters, exchanged through Mr.
Knowlton and Col. Samuel WeUs, of Brattle
boro. The thing was of course suspicious,
and there is no doubt that WeUs was thor
oughly T.ory in sympathy ; but it was neces
sary for the Vermont poUcy at-this time that
Haldimand should frequently consult the
British commander in New York about it,
and it had to be done through' men in whom
both parties had confidence. The discovery
was laid before Congress by Washington and
the result was an order for the arrest of
WeUs and Knowlton. Their escape to
Canada was aided by the AUens. Knowlton,
however, returned within a year, and was at
his house in Newfane, November 16, 1783,
when a lot of Yorkers but American sympa
thizers broke in and arrested hira, and forcibly
deported him to Massachusetts. General
Fletcher and Colonel Bradley organized a
rescuing party, but Mr. Knowlton returned
before it became necessary for them to act.
It was this case of abduction for which the
leader of the rioters, Francis Prouty, was in
dicted for burglary at Westminister, and
which resulted in this curious verdict : " The
jury find in this case that the prisoner did
break and enter the house of Luke Knowlton,
Esq., in the night season, and did take and
carry away the said Luke Knowlton, and if
that breaking a house and taking and carry
ing away a person as aforesaid amounts to
burglary, we say he is guilty ; if not, we say
he is not guilty." The judgment of the
court on the verdict was not guilty.
John A. Graham, in a series of rambUng let
ters descriptive of A'ermont scenery, written

and published at the close of the last century,
thus speaks of Judge Knowlton : "Newfane
owes its consequence in a great measure to
Mr. Luke Knowlton, a leading character and
a man of great ambition and enterprise, of
few words, but possessed of great quickness
and perception and an almost intuitive
knowledge of human nature, of which he is a
perfect judge." "Saint Luke" was the ap-
pelation given Mr. Knowlton by his contem
poraries because of his grave and suave man
ners and his decorous deportment even to
the point of humility. He was liberal and
generous to the poor, entered heartily and
zealously into all the public enterprises of
the day, gave to the county of Windham the
land for a common on Newfane hill at the
time of the removal of the shire from West
minster to Newfane, and contributed largely
towards the erection of the first court house
and jail in Newfane. Judge Knowlton died at
Newfane Nov. 12, 1810, aged seventy- three.
His wife, Sarah, daughter of Ephraim Hol
land of Shrewsbury, whom he married Jan.
5, 1760, had died Sept. i, 1797. Three sons
and four daughters were the fruit of the
union, nearly aU of whom had distinguished
careers or connections. Calvin, the eldest,
graduated at Dartmouth and was a promis
ing lawyer at Newfane at the time of his
death at the age of thirty-nine. Patty, born
in 1762, dying in Ohio in 1814, married
Daniel Warner and was the grandmother
of Hon. WUlard ^Yarner, late United States
senator from Alabaraa, and during the civil
war a member of General Sherman's staff in
his celebrated "march to the sea." Silas,
born in 1764, married Lucinda Holbrook at
Newfane, Nov. 30, 1786, and died in Canada
aged eighty. Sarah, born May 2, 1767,
married John Holbrook at Ne'wfane, Nov.
30, 1786. She died March 22, 1851, aged
eighty-four. AUce, married Nathan Stone,
April 24, 1788. She died Nov. 14, 1865,
aged ninety-six. Lucinda, born August 8,
1 77 1, raarried Samuel Willard. They lived
awhile in Sheldon, from thence they raoved
to Canada, where she died May 4, 1800.
Luke Knowlton, Jr., was born in Newfane,
March 24, 1775, died at Broome township,
Canada East, Sept. 17, 1855, aged eighty.
Among Judge Knowlton's grandsons, be
sides General Warner, are Paul HoUand
Knowlton, Broome township. Lower Canada,
son of Silas Knowlton, who has occupied
distinguished positions in the Province, and
was for many years a member of the Canada
Parliament ; Rev. John C. Holbrook of
Syracuse, N. Y., an eloquent divine, highly
esteemed for his piety and learning ; Hon.
Geo. W. Knowlton of Watertown, N. Y., and
Frederick Holbrook, the war Governor of
Vermont.

CLARK.

6l

CLARK, Nathan, of Bennington, was
speaker of the first General Assembly after
the organization of the state government in
1778. He was also a native of Connecticut,
though the place and date of his birth are
not known, and came to Bennington as early
as 1762 and died there April 8, 1799, at the
age of about seventy-four. He was frequently
chairman of the several committees and con
ventions of the settlers. He was chairman of
the Bennington committee of safety in 1776,
and received the thanks of General Gates for
his promptness in supplying Ticonderoga
with flour. He was also a meraber of the
state council of safety. He represented Ben
nington in 1778. In manners he is described
as mild and gentlemanly, and he was evi
dently very facile as a manager of men and
measures. His son. Col. Isaac Clark, known
as "Old Rifle," was distinguished as a parti
san leader in the war of 181 2.
BOWKER, JOSEPH.— An early settler in
Rutland, president of every general conven
tion, except two, in the state's embryonic
period, and the first speaker of the General
Assembly ; " in a modified sense, the John
Hancock of Vermont," as Henry HaU caUs
him, was born in Sudbury, Mass., or vicinity.
The tradition as dug up by Mr. Hall is that
he was early left an orphan, brought up in
the family of a Mr. Taintor, privately be-
throthed to his daughter, Sarah, drafted into
the army during the French and Indian war,
in the garrison at Ticonderoga one or two
years, and then returned with so good a rep
utation that he soon became the son-in-law
of his quasi guardian. He appeared in Rut
land about 1773, and participated in the
opposition to the New York grant of Social-
borough which covered that township.
Yet, although he was the recognized leader
of the opponents and much trusted in the
town and state throughout the struggle, he
was not named in any act of outiawry. He
soon becarae a very general office-holder,
member of the committee of safety, town
treasurer, selectman, representative, magis
trate, conveyancer, and adviser of citizens.
He was one of the four men that buUt the
first saw-miU in town, and aU his Hfe "farmed
it," though apparently rather shiftlessly. At
the first election under the constitution he
was elected representative for Rutland, and
at the same time received the highest vote
cast for any man as councUor. Before the
votes for councilor had been canvassed, he
was elected speaker of the House, which
office and that of representative he of course
relinquished on taking his seat in the coun
cU. To that body he was elected seven
times, and untU his death. He was the first
judge of Rutland county court, which office
he held tiU December, 1 783 ; also the first

judge of probate, and held that office untU
his death in 1 784.
He was a superior presiding officer, famil
iar with parliamentary usages, impartial,
courteous and quick of apprehension, and
must have been a man of raarked native
abUity though of liraited education.
A neighbor speaking in after years, says of
him : "that Joseph Bowker was greatly looked
up to for counsel, much esteemed for his
great and excellent qualities, for many years
the most considerable raan in town, and
during the negotiations with Canada he was
always resorted to solely for counsel and
advice." He seems to have combined with
his qualities of leadership, moderation,
and generosity, so that he encountered less
antagonisra than most of his associates in
the work of state building.
He died July 11, 1784, just as the little
republic he had helped to launch was well
upon her remarkable career, and was buried
somewhere in the public acre of the ceme
tery at Rutland Center, but the exact spot
nobody knows. The date of his marriage
is also unknown. He left only two children,
daughters, who early left the state and set
tled somewhere in the West. Few indeed
are the men who do so useful a work as that
of Joseph Bowker and yet of whom the rec
ord is so meagre and unsatisfactory.
BAYLEY, Gen. JACOB.— Washington'-;
raost trusted officer in Vermont, who had
charge of the protection of the frontier for
several years, and who was at different tiraes
an advocate of the claims of New York, of
the new state, and of New Hampshire to the
territory of Vermont, was born at Newbury,
Mass., July 2, 1728. He was a captain in
the French war in 1736, present at the Fort
William Henry massacre in 1757, from which
he escaped, and was a colonel under Am
herst in the taking of Crown Point and
Ticonderoga in 1759. He carae to New
bury, Vt., in October, 1764, was in 1775
elected to the New York Provincial Con
gress, though he did not take his seat, and
was one of the raost influential men of that
part of the state. He was commissioner to
administer oaths of office, judge of inferior
court of common pleas, and justice of the
peace; August i, 1776, he was appointed
brigadier-general of the mUitia of Cumber
land and Gloucester counties, and in 1776
he began work on the celebrated Hazen
road, afterward completed by General
Hazen, which was designed as a mihtary road
from the Connecticut river to St. Johns,
Canada. He was, in the early years of the struggle
between the settlers and New York, one of
the most trusted representatives of the
authority of the latter, but suddenly changed

62

BAYLEY.

MARSH.

his position in 1777, writing to the New
York councU under date of June 14, acknowl
edging the receipt of ordinance for the
election of Governor, Senators and Repre
sentatives and saying : "I am apt to think our
people wUl not choose any member to sit in
the state of New A^ork. The people before
they saw the constitution were not willing to
trouble themselves about a separation from
the state of New A'ork, but now almost to a
man they are violent for it." He had
earlier been chosen by the convention one
of the delegates to present Vermont's re
monstrance and petition to the Continental
Congress, and he was one of the two repre
sentatives from Newbury in the Windsor
convention of July 17, 1777, that framed the
constitution. Less than a year and a half
afterwards, he was a leader in the scheme of
the Connecticut River towns on both sides of
the river to join together and form a new
state, and was chairman of the committee
that issued, Dec. i, 1778, a long " public
defense " of their right to do so. In less
than two years from that time he was an
emphatic and headlong advocate of New
Hampshire's jurisdiction over the whole of
Vermont, and Nov. 22, 1780, wrote to Presi
dent Weare of New Hampshire : " For my
part I am determined to fight for New
Hampshire and the United States as long as
I ara alive and have one copper in my
hand." But, notwithstanding his erratic state poli
tics, he was unflinchingly faithful to the con
tinental cause, and his later state flops were
largely due to his suspicions of the AUens.
He warned Washington repeatedly that there
was treason afoot. "We have half a dozen
rascals here," he said, and in 1781 he fully
beUeved that Vermont had been sold out to
Canada. British emissaries in the state wrote
to Haldimand in that year, that he had been
employed by Congress at great expense to
"counteract underhand whatever is doing
for government." He was in 1780 intensely
anxious to lead an invasion into Canada —
"the harbor for spoils, thieves, and robbers,"
as he wrote President Weare. He thought
then that the patriot cause was "sinking so
fast" as to make the attempt a vital necessity
whatever the risk. He did important service
throughout the war in guarding the ex
tensive frontier of two hundred miles, keep
ing friendship with the Indians, and keeping
them employed for the American cause so
far as he could. He was in this way con
stantly in confidential communication with
Washington to the end of the war. He was
repeatedly waylaid while in the performance
of his arduous duties, his house rifled and
his papers stolen by the bands of both scouts
and lawless men that roamed the forests be

tween the hostile countries. He was a com
missary-general during a part of the war.
He was a meraber of the famous CouncU
of Safety in 1777, and the next spring was
elected to the Governor's CouncU. He was
at Castleton in mUitary service in 1777, but
appears to have been acting under his New
A'ork commission. For the next few years
the Vermonters had no use for him, but in
1793 he was again elected councilor by a
close margin over John White. He repeat
edly represented his town in the Legislature,
and was a judge of Orange county court
after that county was organized.
He died at Newbury, March 1,1816. He
was married, Oct. 16, 1745; to Prudence
Noyes. They had ten children, and their
descendants have been numerous and re
spectable. MARSH, JOSEPH, the first Lieutenant-
Governor ofthe
state, and an
cestor of sever
al of the ablest
men that have
graced Ver
mont history,
was born at Le
banon, Conn.,
Jan. 12, 1726,
the son of Jos
eph Marsh and
descended from
John Marsh, an
early Puritan,
and from Dep
uty Governor
John Webster. He is, however, said to
have had but a single month's school
ing himself. He carae to Hartford in 1772
and soon became active and influential
in public affairs. He took the New York
side in the early part of the controversy
over the grants, as did a vast majority of the
people on the east side of the mountains in
the beginning, because they had their grants
from New York, or where they were from
New Hampshire, New York had taken pains
to secure their friendship against the "Ben
nington mob" by confirming them.
In August, 177s, he was by New York
authority appointed Ueutenant-colonel of the
upper regiment of Cumberland county, and in
the January following he was promoted to a
fuU colonelcy. He was also in 1776 ap
pointed by the Cumberland county commit
tee of safety a delegate to the New York
Provincial Congress for the sessions begin
ning in February, May, and July ; but he
appears to have been present only at the
May and a part of the July session, and
within a year of that time he was among the
leaders of the "new state" raen, participat-

CARPENTER.

63

ing in the conventions of June, July, and
December of that year, and being their vice-
president. The July convention made him
chairman of the committee to procure arms
for the state. As miUtary commander he
did sorae efficient service that year. General
Schuyler ordered him, in February, to enlist
every fifth man in his regiment to reinforce
the Continental army at Ticonderoga, and he
executed the order with remarkable prompt
itude. The Vermont council of safety, in
August, ordered him to march half of the
regiment to Bennington, and he did so, but
apparently not in season to participate in
that battle, though the regiment was after
ward in service under his command on the
Hudson. When the new state government was or
ganized in March, 1778, he was, by a narrow
margin, elected Lieutenant-Governor, and was
re-elected for another term and then was
succeeded by Benjamin Carpenter. In 1787,
however, he wa,s again elected and successive
ly reelected until 1 790. He was almost simul
taneously with his first election as Lieutenant-
Governor, made chairraan of the court of
confiscation for Eastern Vermont and was
also during the "East union" chairman of
the committee of safety for a section of Ver
mont, including also the annexed territory
from New Hampshire and had his head
quarters at Dresden. He represented Hart
ford in the General Assemblies of 1781 and
'82, was one of the first council of censors
and was from 1^787 to 1795 chief judge of
the Windsor county court. He died Feb. 9,
1811. Colonel Marsh married, Jan. 10, 1750,
Dorothy, a descendant of Gen. John Mason,
the faraous commander of the English
forces in the Pequot Indian war, and an
aunt of the distinguished jurist Jeremiah
Mason of Boston. Among their descend
ants have been Professor and President
Jaraes Marsh of the University of Vermont,
Dr. Leonard Marsh of Burlington, Charles
Marsh, congressman and famous lawyer, and
greatest of all, George P. Marsh, congress
man, minister to Turkey and Italy, Scandi
navian scholar and a profoundly able author
in many lines.
Governor Marsh is described by his grand
son, Hon. Roswell Marsh of SteubenviUe,
Ohio, who was brought up in the former's
family, thus : " He excelled in acquiring
knowledge from conversations, and his own
was exceedingly interesting. His knowl
edge, however acquired, was utilized by a
close logical mind. His teraper was equable,
and chUdren loved him. In poUtics nothing
save remarks disrespectful to President
Washington, ever disturbed him, for he was
of the pure Washingtonian school, and
trained his chUdren in it. He was an

earnest Christian, but free from bigotry. In
person he was of large stature and well pro
portioned — broad shouldered, large boned,
lean and of great rauscular power ; in
weight over two hundred."
CARPENTER, BENJAMIN.— Colonel in
the Revolutionary service, Lieutenant-Gov
ernor, i779-'8i, araong the foremost of the
early patriots of the state, and a character
whose steady strength of principle makes
one of the most interesting figures of Thomp
son's romance, was born in Swanzey, Mass.,
May 17, 1725, the son of Edward and EUza
beth (Wilson) Carpenter. He had only a
common school education, yet he was evi
dently a man of prominence before he came
to Vermont, for the faraous inscription on
his tombstone at Guilford states that he was
a magistrate in Rhode Island in 1764. He
appeared on the Grants and settled in Guil
ford in 1770, and he was the first delegate
from Guilford to a A^erraont convention and
one of the very few on the east side of the
state that had any part in the early struggles
against New York. He was in the ^Vest-
minister convention of April 11, 1775, which
conderaned the New York government for
the Westminster massacre, in the Dorset and
Westminster conventions of 1776, and in
the Windsor convention that framed the con
stitution of the state. An incident in this
connection, given on the authority of the
late Rev. Mark Carpenter, shows a creditable
freedom on his part from the greed for land
speculation which was so mixed up with the
Vermont patriotism of those days. The Leg
islature, which consisted largely of the men
who had framed the constitution, voted to
themselves several townships of land as
" compensation for their long and self-sacri
ficing services." Colonel Carpenter voted
against the raeasure, denounced it as detract
ing from the dignity of the work, and to his
dying day persisted in never touching what
the town voted to him, (Barre), or in taking
any compensation for his pubUc services.
In the heated politics of GuUford, going
far beyond what was ever known elsewhere
in the state, the New York adherents got
atop in 1778 and ruled the town for the
next thirteen years ; but Colonel Carpenter
fought them uncompromisingly and at much
risk and sacrifice, as it is recorded that in
December, 1783, he was taken prisqner by
the Yorkers and carried away " to his great
damage." He was a leader among the patriots as
soon as the Revolution broke out, being
chairman of the Curaberland county com
mittee of safety Feb. i, 1776, and by that
body was norainated lieutenant-colonel of
militia and the appointment confirmed by
New York authority. He was a meraber of

64

HASWELL.

PAYNE.

the Council of Safety which managed the
1777 campaign so efficiently, building out
of disaster and disorganization the victory
at Bennington and the eventual capture of
Burgoyne. With pack and cane he went
afoot frora his Guilford home, thirty mUes
through the woods by his line of marked
trees, to attend the meeting of the Council
that took the decisive measures of confiscat
ing Tory estates to raise money, and stimu
lating enlistments by the promise of a
township of land for each company. So
important were his services recognized to
be, that at the second election of the new
state in 1779, he was chosen Lieutenant-
Governor and re-elected in 1780. In the
later politics of the state he was a staunch
Jeffersonian ; in the words on the tombstone :
" A public leader of righteousness, an able
advocate to his last for Democracy and the
equal rights of man." His last office was
that in the Council of Censors in 1783.
He was a deacon in the Baptist church, of
which he was for fifty years a member, influ
ential throughout the denomination in New
England, and occasionally preaching himself.
He died March 29, 1804, at the age of
nearly seventy-nine, and leaving one hun
dred and forty-six persons of lineal posterity.
His wife was a fourth cousin, Annie, daugh
ter of Abial and Prudence Carpenter, whora
he married at Providence, R. I., Oct. 3,
1745- Colonel Carpenter was a man of impres
sive presence, being over six feet taU and
weighing two hundred. Thompson's His
tory of Vermont truly says that he " deserv
edly holds a conspicuous place in the early
history of the state."
HASWELL, ANTHONY.— Editor, pub
lisher, and author, the postmaster-general of
the state when it was an independent re
pubUc, and in after years one of the victims
of the alien and sedition laws, was born at
Portsmouth, Eng., AprU 6, 1756, came to
Boston when he was thirteen years old,
learned the printer's trade with Isaiah
Thomas, afterwards drifted to Vermont and
started the Vermont Gazette at Bennington,
June 5, 1783. He was for many years one
of the pubUc printers of the state, the work
being divided between his and the press
established at Windsor about the same time.
The Legislature in 1784 passed an act
establishing postoffices at Bennington, Brat
tleboro, Rutland, Windsor, and Newbury,
and made him postmaster-general, and this
position he held with extensive powers and
increasing business until the state was ad
mitted to the Union in 1791. In national
politics he then became an ardent Repub
lican, and when Mathew Lyon was prose
cuted under the sedition law, he criticised the

proceeding severely in his paper, and alsO'
published another article severely condemn
ing President Adams' appointment to office.
The articles, though they showed consid
erable warmth of feeling, were not anywhere
near as bad as have been published thou
sands of times since in political controversy
without exciting more than passing attention,,
and they did not begin to compare for bit
terness and personal invective with the utter
ances which the Federalists were constantly
pouring forth from both press and pulpit
against Jefferson and the Democratic lead
ers. Nevertheless, he was indicted before
the United States Circuit court, at Windsor,
and sentenced by Judge Patterson to ^200
fine and two months' imprisonment. He
was aUowed to serve out the iraprisonraent in
the jaU at Bennington, but the fine he had to
pay, and it was refunded to his descendants
over fifty years afterward. The prosecution
made him a good deal of a popular hero, as
it did Lyon, and the celebration of the
Fourth of July in i8oo was postponed at
Bennington tUl July 9, when his term ex
pired, and he was liberated amidst the roar
of cannon and a great demonstration of the
people. The publication of the old Bennington
Gazette which Mr. Haswell established was
continued with occasional interruption both
before and after his death, until 1849, when
it expired in the hands of his son, John C.
Haswell. The elder Haswell also started a
paper in Rutland, in 1792, called the "Her
ald of Freedom," the progenitor of the pres
ent Rutland Herald, but his office was burned
after he had issued the fourteenth number,
and it was to recoup this misfortune that the
Legislature authorized him to raise $200 by
lottery. Mr. Haswell ventured twice into the
magazine field, starting in March, 1794, "The
Monthly MisceUany, or Vermont Magazine,"
and on Jan. 8, 1808, another monthly called.
the "Mental Repast." Both had a short life,
though the latter carried considerable original
and interesting matter. He pubUshed a
good many books and pamphlets from his-
office, among them the "Memoirs of Capt.
Matthew Phelps " of which he was the author,
and he wrote or rather composed much on
moral, religious and political subjects, in
both prose and verse, for most of his thoughts
took shape as he put them into type at his
case. He was a man of decided ability, warm
and impulsive temperaraent and thorough
conscientiousness. He was twice married,
and dying. May 26, 18 16, left numerous de
scendants. PAYNE, Elisha.— Lieutenant-Governor
in 1 781, simultaneously chief judge of the
Supreme Court, and in 1782 one of the dele-

CHANDLER.

CHANDLER.

65

gates to Congress,, appears only briefly in
Vermont history, during the continuance of
the " East union " of New Hampshire towns
with Vermont. He was born at Canterbury,
Conn., in 1731, became quite prominent in
New Hampshire in colonial days, doing
good service in the French war, rising to be
colonel and deputy surveyor-general of the
King's woods, to preserve the pine trees re
served in all grants for the royal navy. In
the short-lived union of the sixteen New
Hampshire towns with Vermont in 1778,
Colonel Payne appeared as representative of
Cardigan, N. H., and was elected councilor,
though he refused the position because he
thought he could be more useful in the House
in resisting the effort he knew would be
pressed to dissolve the union. He was a
leader in the Charleston convention of 1781
which, with the aid of Ira AUen's manipula
tion, resolved to ask annexation to Vermont
of all of New Hampshire west of a line
seventy miles from the sea-coast, instead of
attempting to form still another new state of
this part of New Hampshire and the eastern
half of Vermont, as had been originally
planned. He urged the union energetically and
eloquently before the Vermont Legislature
until it was consummated in the AprU fol
lowing, when he enjoyed a Uberal share of
the honors of the new state as above stated.
His election as Lieutenant-Governor was by
the Legislature, as there had been no choice
by the people. In the winter foUowing,
when New Hampshire started to regain the
seceded territory by force, Mr. Payne's ad
dress and firm stand undoubtedly went far
to avert bloodshed. When Governor Chit
tenden ordered hira to call out the mUitia
"to repel force by force," he at once wrote
President Weare of New Hampshire stating
his instructions, but in a tone so conciliatory
and yet firm that peace was restored. When
this last " union " was dissolved. Gov
ernor Payne adhered to New Hampshire,
though he had now such a hold on the
respect and affections of the people of Ver
mont that he could have commanded high
honors from thera which were irapossible
frora the former state. He died at Lebanon,
July 20, 1807, aged seventy-six. One ofhis
descendants was Col. E. P. Jeweti, of Mont
pelier. CHANDLER, THOMAS.— Among the
earliest and most influential settlers on the
east side of the mountain, but dying finally
in poverty and disgrace, was a native of
Woodstock, Conn. He was born July 22,
1709, and came to Vermont in 1763, being
one ofthe proprietors under New Hampshire
of the present town of Chester, under the
name of New Flamstead. He procured its

rechartering with the name of Chester by
New York, after jurisdiction had been given
that colony by the Crown, and in the course
of 1766 was appointed justice ofthe peace,
surrogate of the county, colonel of militia,
and judge of the inferior court of coramon
pleas under New A^ork authority, and held
all these appointments when the county was
reorganized by direct act of the Crown.
His conduct at the attempted session of
the court that led to the Westminster massa
cre is difficult to understand. The picture
which D. P. Thompson paints in such dark
colors of the sycophancy, the cowardice and
tergivisation of his conduct corresponds to
the idea that was generally held at the time
and covered his reputation with an obloquy
from which it never recovered. There is no
doubt that he wavered in his ideas of duty.
He had presided at raeetings of settlers that
resolved to resist the British encroachments.
He had publicly said a few days before that he
thought it would not be best to hold the court,
"as things then were," but yielded to the more
resolute loyalty of Judge Sabin and perhaps
to the pressure of the land grabbers by whom
he was surrounded, and convened the court,
though he evidently exerted himself to avert
the violence that foUowed, and conducted
himself with prudence and dignity through
the difficulty. He was imprisoned for two or
three days by the popular party and though
released on bonds was never brought to trial.
He appears to have been zealously on the
patriot side in the next few years, though so
distrusted that he had no pubhc position.
He was deeply embarrassed financially in
his later years, the result, as Thompson
charges, "of a long course of secret fraud in
seUing wild land to which he had no title,"
and in 1784 petitioned the Legislature for
an act of insolvency in his favor. It was
finally granted, June 16, 1785, but on June
20 of the same year he died in jail at West
minster, where he had laid for several
months, and was buried privately and with
out funeral, owing to the superstition that
then prevailed about the inhumation of the
body of an imprisoned debtor.
Similarly wretched was the fate of his
two sons, who came with him to Chester
after a residence of a year or two at Walpole,
N. H. John, the eldest, was assistant judge
for six years, 1766 to 1772, and county clerk
for nearly the same period ; but he was re
moved for misconduct, and the rest of his
career is buried in obscurity, except once in
1 781, when a case appears before the Legis
lature to recover a tract of 9,000 acres of
land in Tomlinson (Grafton) which he had
unlawfully deeded as attorney for a Tory,
•after the latter had joined the eneray, and
showing that he had his father's business
habits.

66

SAFFORD.

HAZELTINE.

Thomas Chandler, Jr., the second son,
first secretary of state for a few months,
then for nearly three years speaker of the
General Assembly, was born Sept. 23, 1740,
and died towards the close of the century in
poverty and embarrassraent, like that of his
father. He was also for nine years, 1 776-' 75,
an assistant judge of the inferior court of
common pleas, a court which New York
seems to have made a family snap for the
Chandlers. But he was soon after active
among the Vermont men, was a delegate in
the Westminster convention of October,
1776, and January, 1777, was elected to the
first General Assembly in March, 1778, and
chosen its clerk, but abandoned the post to
take the secretaryship of state, was re-elected
in 1778 and 1781, was a member of the
council in 1779 and 1780, a commissioner
of sequestration on the estates of Tories,
and was judge of the first Supreme Court,
elected in October, 1778. He resigned the
speakership of the Assembly in the middle of
the session of r 780, because of charges
brought by Azariah Wright of Westminster,
aUeging that he had acted as an attorney
for a negro while speaker, and that he also
invited the massacre at Westminster in 1775
by misleading the sons of liberty by writing
to them that he knew his father's raind in
their favor. Chandler brought a Ubel suit
against Wright because of these charges,
and finally recovered sorae $50 and costs,
but they nevertheless brought hira into
"great discredit" and he sank into a rapid
decline politically. He was once elected a
judge of the Windsor county court in 1786,
and in 1787 again represented Chester in
the Assembly, but the prejudice against him
was too great to permit his successful ad
vancement. He was, however, an undoubted
patriot during the war, and exerted himself
rauch for the patriot cause in Chester town
meetings. The records of the Governor
and council in October, 1792, show that
like his father he was a petitioner for an act
of insolvency in his favor, having been re
duced to poverty "by a long series of sick
ness in his faraily."
SAFFORD, Gen. Samuel, — Revolu
tionary soldier, judge and councilor, was born
at Norwich, Conn., April 14, 1737, and came
to Bennington among its earUest settlers. He
took an active part in the land controversy
with New York, represented Bennington in
several of the conventions of settlers, and
was an ardent advocate of the new state idea.
When the regiment of Green Mountain Boys
was organized under the recommendation of
Congress to support the Revolutionary cause,
he was chosen major and second officer to
Warner, who was lieutenant colonel, and
he served under Warner in Canada, and

when Warner's continental regiment was
raised Safford was appointed Ueutenant col
onel, and as such fought at Hubbardton and
Bennington and throughout the war. The
Legislature in 1781 elected him general of
militia. He represented Bennington in
1 78 1 and '82 and the next year was elected
state councilor and regularly re-elected for
nineteen years. In 1781 he was elected
chief judge of Bennington county court and
held the office for twenty-six successive
years. Governor HaU weU describes him as
"an upright, intelligent man of sound judg
ment and universally respected." "He was
one of the few who were cognizant of the
Haldimand negotiations, but his patriotism
was never questioned," says Walton. He
died March 3, 1813, and there are sorae of
his descendants stiU at Bennington.
HAZELTINE, JOHN, of Townshend, was
one of the early and raost trusted patriots on
the east side of the mountain. He came to
Townshend from Upton, Mass., soon after
the first settlement in 1761. He was chair
man of the convention at Westminster, Oct.
19, 1774, which resolved to "assist the peo
ple of Boston in defense of their liberties to
the utmost of our abiUties," and also chair
raan of the convention of Feb. 7, following,
which formed a standing committee of cor
respondence with the friends of independence
in other colonies, and he was made, by order
of the convention, custodian of all its papers.
He was one of the committee appointed by
the convention after the Westminster massa
cre to draw up resolutions of indignation
and resistance to the authority of New York.
He procured the signature of every raan in
Townshend to a pledge to maintain and dis
seminate the principles of American liberty.
In May, 1775, he was appointed with Dr.
Spooner and Major AViUiams a delegate from
Cumberland county to the Provincial Con
gress and Convention of New York and
-attended, but remained only three days. He
was the person to whom bonds with security
were given by sundry of the persons who
were arrested for participation in the West
minster massacre. This is only one of the
evidences of the confidence in which the
whigs held hira. Another is the epithet
"King Hazeltine" which John Grout, the
pestilent Tory, bestowed on him. He died
in the early part of 1777, owning about one-
fourth of the land of Townshend. He was
quite a land speculator, and his enemies used
to tell amusing tales of the sharp methods by
which he got his titles.
FLETCHER, Gen. Samuel.— Judge,
councilor and Revolutionary soldier, was
born at Grafton, Mass., in 1745, served' a
year in the French and Indian war, married

TOWNSHEND.

JONES.

67

a daughter of Col. John Hazeltine, and gave
up the blacksmith trade to which he had
been trained, and moved to Townshend.
He was one of the few men on the east side
•of the mountain active in the formation of
the new state and was a member of the con
ventions of October, 1776, and January,
1777. He was at the Bunker HiU fight as
•orderly sergeant, then was made captain of
mUitia, was at the siege of Ticonderoga and
the Bennington fight in 1777 and on the
way to the former at the head of a party of
thirteen, he attacked a British detachment
¦of forty, killed one and took seven prisoners
without the loss of a man himself. He was
promoted to be major and continued in the
service until after the surrender of Burgoyne.
He was afterwards a brigadier and major
general in the Vermont MUitia, represented
Townshend at the first session under the
new government in 1778 and also in 1779.
He was councilor from 1779 to 1790 and in
1808, sheriff of Windham county from 1788
to 1806, and judge of the county court in
1778, 1783, 1784 and 1786. Hewas ap
pointed a judge of the superior court in
1782 but refused to serve. He died Sept.
15, 1814. Physically he was a man of fine
proportions and manly beauty, elegant in
manners and bland and refined in deport
ment, while his intellectual equipment was
strong and his courage, integrity and busi
ness capacity conceded. He was a fine
writer and through much of his active life
kept a journal, recording daily events of
public importance, but it was unfortunately
lost in the burning of the house of his son-
in-law and executor. One of his daughters
married Epaphroditus Ransom, afterwards
Governor of Michigan.
TOWNSHEND, MiCAH, for twenty-four
years a lawyer at Brattieboro, Secretary of
State i78i-'88, and the ablest and most
trusted of the "Yorkers" in the early years
of the controversy, was born at Cedar
Swamp, Oyster Bay, L. I., May 13, 1749,
graduated from Princeton in 1767, studied
law in New York City, and first settied in
practice at White Plains, N. Y. He was
active among the young patriots there at the
opening of the Revolution, clerk of the
county committee of safety, and captain of a
company of militia to operate against the
Tories. The destruction of the village of
White Plains by fire caused him to start
anew in Ufe and to locate at Brattieboro,
where, in August, 1778, he married Mary,
daughter of Col. Samuel Wells. He was
here in confidential correspondence with
Governor CUnton, raaking a series of able
and cool-headed reports on the condition of
affairs and frequently being entrusted with
important negotiations with the Vermont
men. He was a delegate from Cumberland

county to the New York Assembly, and ex
erted a great influence there. He earnestly
opposed the proposal to divide the state on
the mountain line with New Harapshire after
the extraordinary exertions and sacrifices the
people of his county had made to remain in
New York, and his arguments were effective
in dissuading New York from going into the
scherae. Finally he becarae satisfied that New York
could not raaintain her claims, and gave in
his adherence to the new state, which was
quick to avail itself of his talents in public
employment. Besides the secretaryship of
state, he was judge and register of probate
for Windham county from 1781 to '87. He
resigned the former office in '88, and the
Legislature, by resolution, " expressed the
warmest sentiraent of gratitude for the fidel
ity and skUl " with which he had peformed
its duties. Nathaniel Chipman regarded him
as one of the ablest and most useful men the
state had at this period. He served with Chip-
man on the committee to frame the " quieting
act." He was secretary of the council of
censors for the first revision of the constitu
tion, and his promptness and skill with rec
ords, and his facility in phrasing legislative
propositions made him almost indispensable
to the times. He had a large and success
ful practice as a lawyer, was not renowned
for oratory, but for the clear, cogent way he
had of making his statements. He, how
ever, quitted the state and country in 1801,
selling his Brattleboro property to Judge
Tyler, and settling in Farnham, Que., on
lands which the ' British government had
granted his father-in-law for his Toryism,
where he died, April 23, 1832.
JONES, Dr. Reuben, of Rockingham
and afterwards of Chester, was the earliest
and perhaps the raost acti'^-e of the new state
men on the east side of the mountains. He
was active in stirring up the people to arrest
the loyal court after the Westminster massa
cre, riding express and hatless to Dummer-
ston on this errand. He gave history the
answer to the raisrepresentation of the offi
cial reports, with his "relation" of the affair.
He was an efficient raeraber of each of the
Vermont conventions, beginning with that of
Sept. 25, 1776, and being secretary of several
of them. He represented Rockingham in
the first four Legislatures and also Chester
for one year. He was one of the most ar
dent and uncomproraising whigs in the state.
His later years were spent in deep poverty
and in dodging back and forth between New
Harapshire and Vermont to avoid imprison
ment for debt. Once when under arrest pop
ular sympathy forced his release, for which he
and two friends were indicted in the Windsor
county court.

68

SPAULDING.

PHELPS.

SPAULDING, Lieut. Leonard, of
Dummerston, shared with Dr. Jones the
honor of being among the earliest leaders in
this county of the new state men. He was
born, probably in Rhode Island, Oct. 28,
1728, served in the French and Indian war
and soon after its close settled in Putney and
later for a few months in Westmoreland, N.
H. He was a member of aU the conven
tions beginning with September, 1776, but
for years before that he had been a headlong
agitator against both royal and New York
authority, and had built up a strong popular
following. It was early when he shocked
pious people by denouncing the King as
"Pope of Canada" because of the Quebec
biU. In 1 77 1 while he was a resident of
Putney some of his property had been seized
under a judgment of a York court, and a
large party crossed the river from New
Hampshire and rescued it by force. In 1774,
after he had come to Dummerston, he was
arrested and imprisoned at Westminster for
high treason in speaking disrespectfully of
the King, and it is related that it required
three or four Yorkers to arrest him. A meet
ing of indignation was held at Dummerston
the next day to denounce " the ravages of
the British tyrant and his NewYork and other
emissaries." A large body of men formed
from that town. Putney, Halifax and Draper
and proceeded to AVestminster a few days
later and forcibly released him. He was once
arraigned before the county coraraittee for the
arrest and imprisonment of Col. Sara WeUs,
which in the excess of his patriotic zeal he
had effected at the head of a body of fol
lowers. But his penalty was only a require-
raent of apology to the 'Tory leader, which he
made. He was the first man in Dummers
ton to shoulder his gun and start for West
minster for the fight of March 13, 1775. He
joined the Revolutionary army as soon as hos-
tihtes broke out, served through most of the
war, gained a captain's commission, was in
the battie of Bennington and was wounded
in the battle of White Plains, Oct. 28, 1776.
He represented Dummerston in the General
Assembly in 1778, '81, '84, '86, and '87. He
died July 17, 1788, aged fifty-nine.
PHELPS, Charles.— The first lawyer
tb settle upon the grants, in 1764, one of
the leaders in the organization of Cumber
land county, and the most unbending of all
the "Yorkers," though a supporter of the
Revolution, was born at Northampton, Mass.,
August 15, 1717, of a family which had con
tained John Phelps, private secretary of
Oliver CroraweU. He was one of the orig
inal grantees of Marlboro under New Hamp
shire authority, and he petitioned unsuc
cessfully for a confirmation of the charter
by New York, but nevertheless supported

New York authority with a courage and
devotion that were pathetic in the sacrifices
and suffering it caused him, but with an ec
centricity that indicated the twist of mind
that after events made only too evident.
"Vile Vermonters" was his regular epithet
for the great men of the new state. For a
time after the Westminster massacre, when
New York and royal authority appeared to
be identical, he was in revolt against both,
and was on the coramittee that framed reso
lutions of denunciation. At one time also
he intrigued industriously for the annexa
tion of the state to Massachusetts, declaring
that he regarded the authority of New York
as composed of "as corrupt a set of raen as
were out of hell," and that he would as "soon
put raanure in his pocket as a commission
from New York" — though he held such com
missions for a good share of his life. But
this aberration was short-lived, and he was
soon engaged again in fighting New York
fights. Twice, in 1779 and 1782, he appeared
before Congress, first as a delegate from the
A'orkers of Cumberland county, and last on
his own responsibility, to oppose the recog
nition of the new state, and he stuck to the
latter raission, penniless, hungry, and almost
freezing at one tirae, an actual object of
charity frora the New York delegates, until,
by his " persistence, zeal, craftiness, and
finesse," as Jay describes it, he thought, as
was the general idea, that he had won in the
resolution from Congress, ordering " full and
ample restitution" to be made to the New
A'ork adherents who had been arrested or
imprisoned, or had their property confis
cated, and declaring the purpose of Congress
to enforce a comphance with this deraand ;
but he found when he reached Vermont that
these resolves were treated with as much in
difference as the edicts of New York. It
was while on this mission that he wrote
his trenchant pamphlet, "Vermonters Un
masked." He was jailed in January, 1784, his prop
erty ordered to be sold for the benefit of the
state, and even his law books given to Nath.
Chipman and Micah Townshend to pay for
their services in revising the laws of the
state. But his petition for pardon and re
mission of sentence, on taking the oath of
allegiance, brought a resolution of the Legis
lature in October, 1 784, restoring such prop
erty as had not been sold for the benefit of
the state. One of the reasons given for this
clemency was his fidelity to the whig cause.
But his allegiance was only norainal. He
reraained to the end intensely opposed in
feeUng to the new state, and he dated his
last will at " New Marlborough, in the county
of Cumberland and state of New York."
He died in AprU, 1789, at the age of seventy-

ENOS.

A GROUP OF TORIES.

69

three. Among his descendants have been
some exceptionally able men, but aU, in the
early generations at least, showing often to
the point of insanity, the mental eccentrici
ties that became so marked in his later years.
His oldest son, Solomon, a graduate of Har
vard and a lawyer and preacher of fine
powers, coraraitted suicide at the age of
forty-eight. Timothy, his third son, a man
of great energy of character and steadfast
ness of opinion, and sheriff of Curaberland
county under New York authority, passed
his later years with darkened mind.
John Phelps, son of Timothy and grandson
of Charles, was register of probate, state sena
tor and councilor in 183 1 and 1832. Other
descendants have been : John Phelps, of
Guilford, son of Timothy, who was state
councilor in 1831 and 1832, his son Charles
E. Phelps, congressman from Maryland and
brigadier-general of the Union army ; Judge
Charles Phelps, of Townshend, who was
councilor in i820,-'2i,-'22, and his son, the
late Judge James H. Phelps, of Townshend ;
Gen. John W. Phelps, the author, scholar and
accomplished soldier, who entered the war
with such brilUant prospects which were
blasted by his quarrel with Butler and his in-
sistance on emancipation of negroes in
Louisiana before the administration was
ready for that measure, and who was the
anti-Masonic candidate for President in 1 780.
Except for a young son of General Phelps,
the male line of the family is now extinct.
ENOS, Gen. Roger.— One of the few
men in the secret of the Haldimand corres
pondence, and Vermont's miUtary com
mander through that trying period, was born
at Simsbury, Conn., in 1729. He was in
the colonial service, and in the French and
Indian war, being promoted to be an en
sign in 1760, an adjutant in 1761, and a
¦captain in Col. Israel Putnam's regiment in
1764. He also took part in the Havana
campaign of 1762. He was afterwards a
raeraber of the coraraission to survey lands
in the Mississippi vaUey. He promptly
took the side of the patriots at the outbreak
of the Revolution and had coraraand of the
rear guard of Arnold's expedition against
Quebec. He left it, however, with a siz
able detachment, in order to avoid starva
tion, as he claimed. He was afterwards
courtmartialed under a charge of cowardice
in this action but was honorably acquitted.
He was lieutenant-colonel of the i6th Con
necticut regiment in 1776, and colonel of
another regiment in i777-'79. In 1781 he
came to Vermont, settling at Enosburg,
which was named after him, and his inti
macy with the Vermont leaders, so many of
-whom had come from Connecticut, at once
gave him a prominent position. He was

that year appointed brigadier-general in cora
raand of all the Vermont troops and was at
the head of the army that was pretending to
resist the invasion from Canada. In 1787
he was appointed major-general of the First
Division of the mUitia but resigned in 1791,
after thirty-two years of nearly continuous
military service. He was a meraber of the
Vermont board of war from 1781 to 1792,
served several terms in the General As
sembly, was a trustee of the Vermont Uni
versity, a member of the commission to
adjust the trouble with New Hampshire, and
of the committee to consider to resolutions
of Congress for the admission of the state to
the Union. His daughter married Ira Allen
and his son, Pascal Paoli, was one of the
four proprietors of the original site of
Springfield, IU.
A GROUP OF TORIES.— As before
stated, notwithstanding the peculiar situation
of the state, outside of the Union, or recog
nition with the other colonies, an independ
ent republic, having to maintain herself by
her own efforts, Vermont contained fewer
Tories and British sympathizers than any
other part of America.
Perhaps the most distinguished of these
was the one who played only a brief part
either in Vermont or on earth after the Rev
olution began.
Crean Brush carae to this country about
1762, from Ireland, where he had evidently
had quite a career, being educated as a
lawyer and having held a commission in the
miUtary service. He first settled in New
York City, was for several years assistant
under the deputy secretary of the province
and having by his connection obtained large
grants of land in this section, came to West
minster in 1 77 1, was appointed clerk of
Cumberland county, obtained a large law
practice, and cut a big figure among the
high-toned and arrogant loyalists. He and
Col. Samuel WeUs were elected, in 1773, as
representatives from the county to the Gen
eral Assembly of New York, where Brush
became a leader in the advocacy of all min
isterial measures, fighting against the meas
ures of Schuyler, AVoodhall, and the leading
patriots, and made the report offering a re
ward for the head of Ethan AUen — whom his
step-daughter afterwards wedded — and the
other Vermont patriots.
When hostUities broke out Brush offered
his services to General Gage at Boston, and
was employed in removing goods from the
buUdings where Gage wished to take winter
quarters. He improved the opportunity for
piUage and plunder of the merchants and
people by the wholesale, packed a ship with
goods he had seized under his coraraission,
and calculated to make himself wealthy.

70

A GROUP OF TORIES.

A GROUP OF TORIES.

But the ship fell into the hands of an Ameri
can cruiser, and Brush and some of his fellow
plunderers were thrown into jail at Boston,
but he finaUy escaped by the time-honored
device of donning his wife's apparel, when
she came to visit him. He made his way to
the British quarters at New York, but met
little but contempt from Lord Howe, and
living in poverty and neglect for several
months, finally blew his brains out in an
apartment house. His large estate in A^er-
mont was confiscated to the use of the state,
his name being included in the 128 specified
by a legislative act as Tories.
Samuel Adams formed a company of
Tories from Arlington, Sandgate and Man
chester, to co-operate with Burgoyne.
Capt. Jehial Hawley, the founder of Arl
ington, connected by marriage with the
Warners, a leader among the settlers against
New York, though peaceful and a non-com
batant, was strongly royalist in syrapathy,
and took refuge with Burgoyne, and died
on Lake Champlain while on his way to
Canada. He had several sons who took the
same side, and one of them, Eli, helped con
vey the correspondence between Canada
and the Vermont authorities, and believed
to the day of his death that the A-'ermont
leaders really wanted to form a British
colony. He often pointed out the "Raven
Rock," where he had a midnight interview
with Governor Chittenden on one of these
trips. Camp James Hard from .ArUngton, held
a commission in the British army. Zodack,
his brother, was a loyalist in principle but
took no active part in the war, though he is
said to have secreted and fed the loyaUsts
who came to him for shelter, and he was

always generous and hospitable. He was
several times arrested and heavily fined by
the patriot authorities.
Noah Sabin, of Putney, a native of Reho-
both, Mass., was the judge whose insistence on
holding the court when Chief Justice Chand
ler was incUned to temporize, led to the West
minister massacre. His thorough-going con
scientiousness, his conception of his duty tp^
the Crown, from which he held his commis
sion, led him to this course. Hewas impris
oned for some time after the affair. He was,
in the first years of the Revolution, strongly
attached to the Crown, and so strong was
the whig feeUng against him that he was
confined to his farm in 1776 by order of the
committee of safety, with permission given
to anybody to shoot hira if seen beyond its
limits, and he was refused communion at
church. Finally, after a period of indecision,.
he took the side of the colonies and de
veloped into quite an earnest patriot. He
was elected judge of probate for Windham
county, 1 781, and though suspended for a
few months because of the suspicions of his
loyalty, was soon reinstated and continued
to serve until 1801. He died March 10,.
1811, aged ninety-six. He was a man of
large mental power, superior education for
his times, and of indisputable integrity.
Col. James Rogers of Kent (now London
derry), who had been a prominent man of
that section, was offered the office of briga
dier-general of mUitia by New York, but
refused it " upon political principles." He
afterwards became an avowed Tory and left
the country, and his property was confis
cated, though the Legislature in 1 797 restored
to his son, James Rogers, Jr., all the lands-
that had not been sold.

THE GOVERNORS.
The foUowing is a complete list of the Governors of Vermont, with the dates of service.
Biographical sketches of the entire list are given on the foUowing pages, with exceptions noted.

*Thomas Chittenden,

1778-87

Silas H. Jennison (3),

1835-36

Paul Dillingham,

1865-67

^Moses Robinson,

1789-go

Silas H. Jennison,

[836-41

John B. Page,

1867-69

*Thomas Chittenden,

1790-97

Charles Paine,

1841-43

Peter T. 'Washburn,

1869-70

Paul Brigham (2),

John Mattocks,

1843-44

tGeorge W. Hendee (5),

1870

Aug, 25 to

Oct. 16, 1797

William Slade,

1844-46

tjohn W. Stewart,

1870-72

Isaac Tichenor,

1797-1807

Horace Eaton,

1846-48

Julius Converse,

1872-74

Israel Smith,

1807-08

Carlos Coolidge,

1848-50

Asahel Peck.

1874-76

Isaac Tichenor,

1808-09

Charles K. Williams,

1850-52

Horace Fairbanks,

1876-78

Jonas Galusha,

1809-13

Erastus Fairbanks,

1852-53

t Redfield Proctor,

T878-80

Martin Chittenden,

1813-15

¦*John S. Robinson,

1853-54

JRoswell Farnham,

1880 82

Jonas Galusha,

1815-20

Stephen Royce,

1854-56

tJohn L. Barstow,

1882-84

Richard Skinner,

1820-23

Ryland Fletcher,

1856-58

fSamuel E. Pingree,

1884-86

Cornelius P. Van Ness,

1823-26

Hiland Hall,

1858-60

fEbenezer J. Ormsbee,

1886-88

Ezra Butler,

1826-28

Erastus Fairbanks,

1860-61

tWiUiam P. Dillingham,

1888-90

Samuel C. Crafts,

1828-31

tFrederick Holbrook,

1861-63

tCarroI S. Page,

1890-92

William A. Palmer,

'831-35

J. Gregory Smith,

1863-65

jLevi K. Fuller,

1892-94

* Bioo;raphical sketch will be found among " The Fathers." f Biographical sketch will be found in Part II.
(2) Lieutenant Governor, acting Governor on the death of Governor Chittenden.
(3) Lieutenant-Governor, Governor by reason of no election of Governor by the people.
(5) Lieutenant-Governor, Governor by reason of the death of Governor Washburn.

BRIGHAM, Paul.— For twenty-one
years Lieuten
ant-Governor of
the state and a
few months, in
1797, the acting
Governor, a
Revoluti onary
soldier, state
councilor for five
years, and ma
jor-general of
the state militia,
was born at Cov-
entry. Conn.,
Jan. 17, 1746.
He early devel
oped military
capacity, and rose in the militia of his native
state, through every intermediate position,
from the ranks to a captaincy, at the age of
twenty-eight. When the Revolution broke
out he had been captain long enough to be
exempt from miUtary duty, but he went
promptly into active service with his com
pany, in Colonel Chandler's regiment of
McDougaU's brigade in the Continental ser
vice, fought at Germantown, Monmouth and
Mud Island, and was in the service three
years. In 1 78 1 he joined the tide of adventurous
spirits from Connecticut to Vermont, and
settled with his family at Norwich. Here
again he became active in militia services,
passing through every grade untU he became
a' major-general. He and Samuel Fletcher,
Isaac Tichenor and Ira AUen coramanded

the four divisions of the state in 1794, at the
time President Washington ordered detach
ments of minute men to be formed, accord
ing to the act of Congress of that year. He
rapidly rose to prominence in Windsor
county, being successively elected high sher
iff, judge of probate, assistant judge and
chief judge of Windsor county court. He
represented Norwich in the General Assera
bly in 1783, 1786 and 1791, and was a dele
gate to the Constitutional Conventions of
1793, 1814 and 1822. In 1792 he was
elected councilor and five times re-elected,
until in 1796 he was elevated to the lieuten
ant-governorship. During his service on
the council he was prominent in the state
bank and state prison controversies, and with
John White and Nathaniel Niles was a mem
ber of the coraraittee that reported the cora
promise bill for the banks in 1806. In 1792
he was a Washington presidential elector.
The quality of his service as Lieutenant-
Governor is illustrated by the remarkable
way he held on through aU the ups and
downs of party politics in the state. He was
re-elected regularly with Governor Tichenor
years after the Jeffersonians had got a raajor
ity in the state, and when in 1807 Tichenor
was defeated by the Democratic Israel Smith
for Governor, Brigham was still elected
Lieutenant - Governor. So it was when
Tichenor was returned in 1808, and stUl
again when Tichenor was overthrown by
Galusha in 1809. Brigham started out a
Federalist, but gradually drifted in his sym
pathies towards the Jeffersonians, and when
the Federalists got atop again for a short

72

TICHENOR.

time in i8i3-'i4 they defeated Brigham as
well as Galusha for re-election. But the
fight was a close as well as a hot one, and
in neither year was there a choice bythe
people, and the election went to the Legis
lature and the FederaUsts only won, in 1813,
by tactics that bore more.'than a'suspicion of
dishonesty. But with the ret;urn of the
Jeffersonians in 1815, Brigham was again
elected Lieutenant-Governor, and success
ively re-elected until ,1820, when at the age
of seventy-four, together with, his great party
chieftain. Governor. Galusha, he decUned re
election. He died, June 15, 1824, after a few years
of happy and 'easeful retirement, deepened
in its enjoyment by. the consciousness of
duty long and weU done;, and by the consola
tion of a reUgious faith which had gaited
and ennobled his whole career.
TICHENOR, Isaac— The third Gover
nor of the state ;
for six years a
s judge of the Su-
j p r e m e Court,
;,, twice a United
States senator
and the Federal
ist leader for a
nuraber of years,
was a resident of
the state all
through her ex
istence as an in
dependent re-
pub 1 i c , b u t
i. _ _ cameonthe
stage of political
activity only towards the close of that inter
esting, period. ' He was born at Newark, N.
J., Feb. ¦8,' 17.S4, and graduated from Prince
ton CoUege in 1775 under the presidency of
Dr. Witherspoon and for whom he always had
the utmost consideration. He studied law
at Schenectady, N.Y., where he was in 1777
appointed an assistant to Comraissary Gen
eral Cuyler in.buying supplies for the north
ern department. It was on this duty that he
came to Bennington in the summer of that
year and remained there and in that vicinity
collecting the suppUes whose accumulation
tempted the fatal expedition of Burgoyne.
-Tichenor had just left, August 13, with a
drove of cattle for Albany when the tidings
of that exJDedition were received. He re
turned by. way of Williamstown, reaching the
field' at dusk on' the evening of the 1 7th after
the fighting had ceased.
¦ He then decided' to settle in Bennington,
and .this was his home when not in actual
service 'in 'the - coramissary department. In
¦the Une of his duty he incurred heavy pecuni
ary responsibiUties, which embarrassed him

TICHENOR.
through a large part of his life. Aboiit the
close of the war he began the practice of
law there. He was town representative in
i78i-'82-'83-'84, speaker of the House in
1783, and an agent to Congress in 1782.
In that year he was also sent by the Legis
lature to Windham county to urge the clairas
of the new state on the people, and queU the
disturbances there, and the mission had con
siderable effect, though severer raeasures had
to be taken later. He was a commissioner
under the act of 1789 to determine the terras
of settlement with New York.
He had been steadily growing in reputa
tion among the Vermont leaders, and the
peculiar value of his services with his plausi-
iDle, persuasive ways added much to his
prominence. He was a judge of the Supreme
Court from 1791 to 1796, and chief justice
the last two years, when, on the resignation
of Senator Moses Robinson, he was chosen
to fill out the latter's term. He was re
elected the next year for a full terra of six
years, but he was also elected Governor
that faU, and resigned the senatorship to
accept. He had then become the recog
nized Federalist leader of the state, and
the canvass for the governorship was a
sharp one. The retirement of Governor
Chittenden had loosed the restraint partisan
ship had felt. The result was no choice by
the people for Governor, but Tichenor was
elected by the Legislature by a large ma
jority. He served eleven years in all as
Governor, being steadily re-elected every
year until 1809, except 1807, when he was
defeated bythe Democrats under the leader
ship of Israel Sraith ; so strong had he be
corae that he was re-elected several years
after his party had got into a minority.
He was in 1814 again elected Senator to
Congress, serving six years, until March 3,
182 1, when with the complete obliteration of
his party from American politics he retired
to private life, after a public service filling
thirty-eight out of the forty-four years be
tween 1777 and 1821. He died Dec. 11,
1838, at the age of eighty-four and leaving
no descendants.
Governor Hall measures him compactly
as a man of " good private character, of
highly respectable talents and acquirements,
of remarkably fine personal appearance, of
accomplished manners and insinuating ad
dress." So marked was his make-up in the
latter particular as to earn for him the
sobriquet of " Jersey Slick," which stuck to
him all through his career. But though he
had these qualities, perhaps to the point of
fault, it would be a great mistake to suppose
that he had not solid merit beneath his
smooth exterior, even beyond what Governor
Hall credits as "respectable talents." It
was a clear head and a strong will that he

TICHENOR.

SMITH.

73

carried on his shoulders. With all his poli
tician arts he was a real statesman. It was
on the state's prison issue largely, that he
defeated Governor Smith for re-election in
1808, but he had strongly recommended
such an institution in 1803, got a bUl through
the Legislature for it, and had the prepara
tory steps taken under his administration,
and in his message after his return to power
did not hesitate to commend it as a " hu
mane and benevolent" idea, and urge
measures to carry it into "complete effect."
His messages were often strongly tinctured
with Federalist doctrine, but so skiUfuUy
phrased that the able young Republicans in
the Legislature found it hard to find any
effective point on which to join issue. A
strong proof of his popularity was afforded
in 1799, when the Legislature by a unani
mous vote adopted a resolution of thanks,
whose author, Udney Hay, was the leader
of the opposition in the House, for the
" happy and speedy " settlement he had
effected with Canada of the difficulty over
the arrest by American officers on J3ritish
soil, and the subsequent accidental death,
but alleged raurder, of John Griggs. The
event has "increased, if possible," so the
resolution read, " the very high esteem we
have ever entertained of your patriotism,
your candour, your abUities, your integrity."
His high courtesy and genuine kindliness of
character were shown by the letter of con
gratulation he wrote after his defeat in
1809, to his successful competitor. Governor
Galusha, tendering " in great sincerity, my
best services in any matter that shall relate
to the duties of your office or shall have a
tendency to promote the interests of our
country." Governor Hall teUs a couple of anecdotes
that are illuminating. He had an art, some
tiraes too obvious, of ingratiating himself
into favor. WhUe traveling in a distant part
of the state he contrived to pass the resi
dence of a farmer of great influence in his
town, who had formerly supported him for
Governor, but who was now supposed to be
wavering. On his approach to the place he
discovered the farmer at some distance
buUding stone wall by the road side. Leav
ing his carriage the Governor began to
examine the wall with great care and earnest
ness, looking over and along both sides of it
and exhibiting signs of excessive admiration.
On coming within speaking distance the
Governor exclaimed, with much apparent
emotion : " Bless me, friend, what a beauti
ful and noble wall you are buUding — I don't
believe there is another equal to it in the
state." "Yes, Governor," was the reply of
the farmer, " it's a very good waU to be sure,
but I can't vote for you this year."

He was quite a sportsman and delighted
to range the mountains hunting and fishing
until the feebleness of age prevented. Once
he laid a wager with a companion with
whom he was out fishing, as to which would
catch the raost trout. On weighing the fish
at Landlord Dewey's the Governor was
found to have lost the bet, which he readily
paid, though considerably disappointed. " I
don't see," said he to his friend M., "how
your trout should weigh the most, mine cer
tainly looks the largest, and besides I fiUed
it full of gravel stones." " Ah, Governor,"
said his friend, " I was too rauch for you
this time, I stuffed mine with shot.''
SMITH, ISRAEL, the fourth Governor,
judge, congressman and senator, the first
popular favorite of the young Democrats of
the state, and a fine specimen ofthe politi
cian of the early days, was also a native of
Connecticut, born at Sheffield, .AprU 4, 1759.
He graduated from Yale in 1781, and two
years later settled at Rupert, where he was
admitted to the bar. He represented that town
in the General Assembly in 1785, '88, '89 and
'90, and became prominent in the affairs ofthe
state during the latter part of its period of
independence. He was one of the com
mission in '89 to close the controversy with
New York, and a member of the convention
in '91 that ratified the federal constitution
preparatory to the admission of the state
into the Union. In this year he moved to
Rutland. He was immediately elected one
of the first representatives in Congress from
the western district of the state, and was re
elected several times, when in 1797 he was
at last defeated by Matthew Lyon, who had
twice before contested the election with him.
He and Lyon were both identified with the
Jeffersonian party, though Lyon was far the
more rabid, and the Federalist element of
the district supported a third candidate. But
he was that fall elected to the Legislature
from Rutland, and the Republicans being in
a majority he was elected chief justice of the
Supreme Court. But he held the positipn
only one term ; for the next year came a re
turn of FederaUst control, and the "Ver
gennes slaughter-house," when every position
in the state within reach was made party spoils.
In 1 80 1, he was again elected to the chief
justiceship but declined it. He was that fall
the Republican candidate for Governor
against Tichenor but was defeated. He was,
however, again elected representative to
Congress and at the end of the term elected
Senator over Chipman.
In 1807 the Democrats or RepubUcans were
finally able to overcome for a short time the
great popularity of Governor Tichenor and
elected Mr. Smith Governor. He resigned
his seat in the Senate to accept the place.

74

SMITH.

GALUSHA.

His inaugural address, though most courteous
to his defeated opponent, for his "urbanity
and unassuming administration," was breezy
with healthful new ideas. He laid down the
good Democratic truth, that "the end of aU
government is to teach each individual of
the community the necessity of self-govern
ment." He urged a measure whose import
ance is only just beginning to be reaUzed to
day, for state supervision of highways, like that
of schools. He argued that the two subjects
were equally of "very general concern," and
that the state was entitled to be "officially
informed how far and in what manner" laws
about them were carried into effect. He
ably discussed punitive problems, urged the
abolition of all corporal punishment and
the substitution of confinement at hard labor,
"to initiate the culprit into a habit of useful
industry, and as a method pecuharly suited
to an advanced state of society where the
arts abound." His discussion would be a
good text for prison reformers today. His
influence was exerted strongly to secure the
construction of the state's prison. But these
good ideas were the cause of his political
undoing. The farmers of the state were too
accustomed to governraent of the utmost fru
gality to welcorae such plans, and though the
Democrats had now secured an easy ascend
ing in the state and cast its electoral vote for
Madison that fall. Smith was defeated for re
election by Tichenor, after a hard fought
campaign, by a pluraUty of 859 and majority
of 432.
Soon after his health began to fail, and he
died at Rutland, Dec. 2, 1810, aged fifty-one.
His son, MlUiam Donaglas Smith, a graduate
of Middlebury, and a lawyer, was clerk of
the House of Representatives from 1809
until his death, Feb. 22, 1822, at the age of
thirty-six. Governor Smith was a brother of
Noah Smith, who also came to Vermont soon
after his graduation, became state's attorney
for Cumberland, then for Bennington county,
judge of county and Supreme Courts, U. S.
collector of internal revenue, and coun
cilor. Little that Governor Smith wrote besides
his one inaugural address has come down to
present times. But he was conceded to be
a man of fine talents and high ideas, of
"amiable candor," one cotemporary says,
and of "inflexible integrity" as another de
scribes him. "He was a noble-looking man,
and got the name of the handsome judge."
He was a great admirer of the principles on
which the French Revolution was based in
its earUer and nobler days, and was at that
time one of the RepubUcans who gloried in
the charge of being French sympathizers.

GALUSHA, Jonas, Revolutionary sol
dier, sheriff,
judge. Governor,
for forty years in
continuous pub
lic service, the
Democratic
leader who led
his party into as-
cendency that
lasted for nearly
a generation, and
one of the most
interesting per
sonalities of our
whole history,
was born at Nor
wich, Conn., Feb.
II) 1753) and came to Shaftsbury in 1775.
He was captain of one of the town's two
mUitia companies, commanded them both in
the battle of Bennington, and saw much ac
tive service from 1777 to '80. He was by
occupation a farmer and inn-keeper, and his
first political office was that of sheriff of
Bennington county from 1781 to '87, and as
such he did prompt and efficient work in
preventing Shay's men during their rebellion
in Massachusetts from making Vermont soU
a base of operations. He was elected state
councUor in 1793, '94, '95, '96, '97, '98, and
again in 1801, '02, '03, '04 and '05, and
judge of the county court in 1795, '96, and
'97, and again in 1800, '01, '02, '03, '04, '05
and '06. He had, as soon as the national
parties developed in politics, become an
ardent Democrat, and the recognized leader
of the party in state politics. After the de
feat of Governor Smith by Tichenor in 1808,
Galusha was made the next Republican can
didate and elected, by a vote of 14,583 to
13,467 for Tichenor, and 498 scattering, and
re-elected in 18 10, 'it and '12, and again in
1815, '16, '17, '18 and '19, a service of nine
years. His party was rapidly increasing in strength
and aggressiveness until the New England
feeling against the embargo and the war of
181 2 produced a reaction, and he failed of a
majority in the election in 1813, getting 16,-
828 votes, to 16,532 for Mardn Chittenden
and 625 scattering. This sent the election
to the Legislature where the vote was a tie,
and where after a long struggle Chittenden
was elected, and the Democrats claimed that
the state "was stolen." The result turned
on the vote of Colchester, which if counted
would elect the three Democratic councUors
and if rejected would elect the three Feder
alists. The House was FederaUst and the
CouncU Democratic. The House appointed a
canvassing coraraittee which rejected the Col
chester returns, on the ground that other Uni-

GALUSHA.

GALUSHA.

75

ted States troops had voted there in company
with those from this state in the national ser
vice who were allowed under the act of i8i 2
.to vote in any town in the state where they
might happen to be. There was violent dis
pute over the facts and also over the consti
tutional power to canvass the votes. The
constitution made the House the judge of the
election and qualifications of its members ;
but it had no such power over the members
of the Council nor was the latter body given
any power to determine the election of its
raerabers. In other words the power rested
expressly nowhere and the House assumed
it. But for this returning board action the
Democrats would have controUed the joint
Assembly and re-elected Governor Galusha
and Lieutenant-Governor Brigham ; as itwas,
that body was just a tie. The council' pro
tested and insisted that the Cplchester votes
should be counted, that the Assembly refused
a reading to the report. Finally the baUot-
ing in the Legislature, greatly to the astonish
ment of the Democrats, showed 1 1 2 votes for
Chittenden and rn for Galusha, and the lat
ter was declared elected. Two days later the
Democrats offered to show by the oaths
of one hundred and twelve members that
they had voted for Galusha, so that there
was an error or fraud in the result as de
clared, and therefore they asked that the
first vote be counted as naught, and another
one taken. A long debate ensued, but
before a conclusion was reached Chittenden
and Chamberlain appeared in the House
and council, took the oaths of office and
Chittenden delivered his speech. The truth
probably was as developed later, that one of
the Democratic assemblymen was bribed to
withhold his vote.
Notwithstanding this scaly victory, the
feeling over the war ran so high that the
Federalists won again in 18 14 by a narrow
margin. The popular vote was : Chittenden,
17,466; Galusha, 17,411; scattering, 451.
But the Federalists had a stiff majority in
the Legislature and elected Chittenden again
by a vote of 123 to 94, and Chamberlain by
a still larger majority. But the next year
witnessed a merited revolution on both state
and national Unes. Galusha defeated Chit
tenden handsomely at the polls, 18,055 to
16,632. The next year the Federalists made
Samuel Strong their candidate and were
worse whipped, 17,262 to 13,888. In 1817
the Federalists tried Tichenor again for a
candidate and were beaten almost two to
one, 13,756 to 7,430. By 18 19 there was
no organized opposition to Galusha left, less
than 3,000 votes being cast for various can
didates against him, and the bulk of these
for other Democrats, W. C. Bradley and
Dudley Chase.

Governor Galusha was well qualified to
bring about such a state of affairs. A plain
farmer without pretending to scholastic at
tainments, but with commanding native
abilities, his thoroughly democratic man
ners and habits of thought appealed strongly
to a constituency of yeomen. A resolute
fighter and skillful campaigner, he had too
generous a nature to be mean or vindictive
and too philosophic a bent of mind to fail
to see beyond personal interests and feelings
to the larger forces involved in poUtics.
Fervently patriotic, his voice and thought
naturally headed the sweep of sentiment
that followed the peace after the last war
with Great Britain, while his comprehen
sive understanding and his humble, nay,
even religious devotion of the best there was
in him to the service of his fellowmen made
him a most useful legislator and adminis
trator, though never very original or sug-
gestful of new ideas.
It is impossible to read his inaugural
addresses, eloquent with the intensity of
sincerity, without comprehending in sorae
measure the sources of his power. For in
stance, on his accession to power in 1809,
after one of the most heated struggles, there
was not a word of bitterness toward his ad
versaries, no epithet worse than "misguided"
for the "spirit of discord and disunion"
that had been so rarapant in New England,
no expression but of " gratitude to Heaven "
that the " efforts of foreign emissaries and
doraestic traitors " had " faUed to distract
and divide us," and no hope worse than
that " the talents, the wisdom and the ener
gies of the states " might now be united,
and citizens soon "lay aside all party feel
ings and become united like a band of
brothers." The address was Jeffersonian,
aUke in the shrewdness with which it was
phrased and the warmth of its faith in human
good. He had a kindly word to say of the
new state's prison as "an humane and bene
ficent institution," but he wanted a strict
inquiry made into the expenditures for its
erection. His message of 1812 urged the
laying aside of aU party prejudices and unit
ing of the whole people in the common
cause. In 1815, after allthe heated struggles
of the past two years, the only lesson he had
to draw was that "during the calm," since
the return of peace to the country, "we
ought, by an indissoluble union, to be pre
pared for any storm that raay arise." He
pictured the triuraph of ruthless despotism
in every part of the Old World, and besought
the people solemnly to remember that " of
aU the nations of the earth" they "alone
were left to support a government whose
basis is equal liberty and whose sovereignty
is the will of the people.''

76

CHITTENDEN,

CHITTENDEN.

His message of 1 817 alluded with satisfac
tion to the "wide and recent spiritual har
vest" in the state, in the shape of the great
reUgious revival of that year, probably the
only allusion of the kind ever made in any
Governor's message. He hailed with joy the
revolutionary movements in South Araerica,
and they stimulated for him beadfic visions
of the future of humanity. He urged, in
1819, legislation to free the bodies of debtors
from arrest and imprisonment on debts of
smaU amount, being "of opinion that more
money is spent in the collection of such
debts than is saved by the coUection," and
arguing that it would be a benefit to "dis
courage credit." He advised the chartering
of agricultural societies throughout the state,
by "experiments, proper researches, and cor
respondence," to improve agriculture. He
was always an earnest supporter and presi
dent of "both societies. He died Sept. 24,
1834, his last years, fuU of honor and con
tentment, having been passed in rural enjoy
ment at his Shaftsbury home. He was
always profoundly religious in his methods
of life, of thought and expression, but never
joined any church, though he announced
his intention of doing so at the age of sev
enty-nine, wheji he attended a protracted
meeting at Manchester and took an active
part in the exercises.
His first wife was Mary, daughter of Gov.
Thomas Chittenden, and so sister of his
strongest opponent in political life, and by
her he had nine children -five sons and four
daughters ; one of the former, Elon, became
an eminent Baptist clergyman.
He rarely failed in his messages to urge
the encouragement of manufactures, and in
that of i8io said : "I trust the tirae is not
far distant when the citizens of these United
States, instead of relying on foreign coun
tries for their clothing, wiU be able not only
to supply their own wants, but to export
every kind of cotton, if not woolen goods,
and restore to the Union that portion of
specie which has been drawn from us by the
exclusive use of foreign manufactured goods."
Governor Galusha retired frora office with
expressions of affection from the Legis
lature and the people, second only to those
which had been bestowed on Thomas Chit
tenden. He was a presidential elector in
1808, 1820 and 1824, and a member of the
constitutional conventions of 1814 and 1822.
CHITTENDEN, MARTIN.— Second son
of Gov. Thoraas Chittenden, sixth Governor,
and thirty years in the public service as
judge, congressraan and legislator, was born
at Salisbury, Conn., March 12, 1769, and was
liberally educated, graduating from Dart
mouth in 1789. He inherited much of

his father's aptitude for pubUc affairs and
raany of his popular qualities, so that the
very next year after his graduation in 1790,
he was elected Jericho's representative and.
subsequently for eight years, and WilUston's
two years after
he moved to that
town. He was
clerk of the Chit
tenden county
court four years,
judge ten years,
judge of probate
two years, and a
delegate to the
const itutional
conventions of
1791 and 1793.
He was elected a
r e p r esentative
in Congress in
1 803 and four
times re-elected, until his elevation to
the governorship in 1813. The circum
stances of that election and suspicions
surrounding it have been fully explained
in the sketch of Governor Galusha. Ver
mont was the one New England state that
had sustained the declaration of war in 181 2,
had cast her electoral vote for Madison, and
the revolution of 181 3, though not accom
plished by the vote of the people, produced
a deep sensation at the time, all the more
aggravating because of the obvious unfair
ness and dishonesty that brought it about,
unfairness in excluding the votes cast at Col
chester of the citizens who were defending
the state — even though there were irregular
ities about it — and dishonesty somewhere,
somehow in the final vote of the Legislature.
His re-election in 18 14 bore no such stigma,
though it had to be reached through the
Legislature, there being no choice by the
people but a pluraUty for Governor Galusha
and the patriotic side.
Governor Chittenden's administration was
in the main in full sympathy with the anti
war element, though on the whole it may
fairly be said to have been better in this
respect than most of the New England ad
ministrations, and the Vermont sentiment
was generally better than that of the sea
board states. His address, in 1813, argued
that the "conquest of Canada of which so
much has been said, if desirable at all,"
would be "poor compensation for the sacri
fices" that must be made, and in 1814 he
reiterated his opinion that the war was, •' -
necessary, unwise and hopeless, in aU. its
offensive operations." The minority ofthe
House, 89 in the former year and 82 in the
latter, under the lead of WiUiam .\. Griswold,
solemnly entered their protest on the journal

CHITTENDEN.

SKINNER.

77

against such sentiments, and against the
repUes which the House had by a partisan
vote given to the Governor in echo of his
words. Governor Chittenden took the
ground in both messages, the contempti
ble one that was then general with New
England executives, that the railitia could
not be ordered out of the state for the com
mon defense, or to "repel invasion" of any
except the state's territory.
In November of that year, while a part of
the 3d brigade of the 3d division of the
state militia was about Plattsburg, "under the
coramand and at the disposal of an officer
of the United States, out of the jurisdiction
or control of the executive of this state,"
Governor Chittenden issued a proclamation
reciting this lugubrious situation, and the
danger to "our own frontier," and com
manding the militia "forthwith to return " to
their homes.
The order was received with hot indigna
tion by the troops, the messenger who brought
it was marched by force out of camp, and the
officers united in a reply to the Governor
declaring that " an invitation or order to
desert the standard of our country will never
be obeyed by us, although it proceeds from
the Governor and captain-general of Ver
mont." They told him flatly that the proc
lamation was, in their opinion, " a renewed
instance of that spirit of disorganization and
anarchy which is carried on by a faction, to
overwhelm our country with ruin and dis
grace," and they told him that even the sol
diers of the Une regarded it "with mingled
emotions of pity and contempt for its author
and as a striking monument of his folly." Prob
ably it was the most extraordinary military
communication of its kind ever framed, and
it was not altogether undeserved or without
good effect ; for the next year when General
Macomb wrote of the advance of the enemy
again towards Plattsburg, and calling for "all
the assistance in his power," Governor Chit
tenden promptly repUed, that he would take
•"the most effectual measure to furnish such
number of volunteers as may be induced to
turn out." He insisted that he was not
"authorized by the constitution or laws to
¦order the raiUtia out of the state," but could
request them to go, and he "recommended"
the officers to volunteer to go. The caU was
grandly responded to by the people, fathers,
sons, and veterans of the Revolution, from
all parts of the state, and the result was the
glorious victory at Plattsburg.
Chittenden could not help feeling the in-
^ ..ation, and as the British array, notwith
standing the failure of Provost's campaign,
was hovering on our frontier, the Governor
issued a proclamation, Sept. 14, exhorting
the people to defense. "The conflict has
become a coramon, and not a party concern,"

he said, "and the time has now arrived
when aU party distinctions and animosities
* * ought to be laid aside ; that every heart
may be stimulated, and every arm nerved for
the protection of our common country, our
liberty, our altars, and our firesides." And
he "enjoined" upon all military officers to
be in "a complete state of readiness to
march at a moment's warning," and upon
all selectmen and civil authorities to render
all aid possible.
It was good talk at last, after victory had
been seemingly won in the war, but it did
not save Chittenden and his party frora
defeat and emphatic rebuke at the polls the
next September. The party went to speedy
ruin in the state and nation, and the Gov
ernor into a political eclipse from which he
never emerged until his death, Sept. 5, 1840,
at the age of seventy-one.
StiU it is but just to the Governor to say
that these positions into which the party
passion of the time swept him, were not
natural to hira. His blood and breeding
were patriotic, and his real feeling, that
which finally burst partisan bonds, found
expression in the last quoted proclamation.
He was constitutionally moderate and tem
perate, and broadly inteUigent in his views,
but lacked in assertive strength, and was too
apt to yield to the counsels of party leaders.
In his personal relations he was kindly and
winning, and leaving an impress of large
capacity on all with whom he came into
intercourse. SKINNER, RICHARD.— The seventh
Governor, con
gressman, judge,
and speaker of
the .Assembly,
was born at
Litchfield, Conn.,
May 30, 1778,
the son of Gen.
Timothy Sk i n -
ner ; received his
legal education
at the famous law
school in that
place, and came
to Vermont in
September, 1 799, settling at
Manchester. The next year he was ap
pointed state's attorney for Bennington
county and held the position until 181 2, and
was judge of probate for the last six years of
this time. The next year, in 18x3, he was
elected to Congress, serving a single term,
and then representing his town in the state
Legislature, serving for two years and being
the speaker in the last, 1818. He was also
assistant judge of the Supreme Court in 18 15

VAN NESS.

VAN NESS.

and 1816, and in 18 17 was elected chief
justice but declined to accept. He was
again state's attorney for his county in 1819.
In 1820 in the era of "good feeling" he was
elected Governor by nearly a unanimous
vote, 13,152 to 934 scattering. He was re
elected in 182 1 with still greater unanimity,
12,434 to 163, and again in 1822, though
the record of the vote cannot be found. He
declined further re-election, but was the
next faU chosen chief justice ofthe Supreme
Court and served untU 1829, when he
retired from public life for good, and died
May 23, 1853, from injuries received by
being thrown from his carriage while crossing
the Green Mountains.
The period of Governor Skinner's admin
istration was in the years of cessation frora
the great controversies of early politics, so
that there was no chance for the exhibition
of great qualities of leadership. His state
papers had the clearness and force which are
said to have characterized his arguraents as
a lawyer, and were always severely practical
in their scope. His inaugural address of
1820 advanced sorae suggestions for the im
proveraent of our judicial systera, especially
on the chancery side and with regard to the
probate courts, which afterward bore good
fruit. He pointed out that the difficulties
which had become so serious in the settle
ment of estates was due to a lack of clear
apprehension, that our whole system of pro
bate law must be essentially different from
that of England, whence we derived our
common law. He expressed disapproval in
this address in emphatic terms of the Mis
souri compromise, and of the failure of the
last Legislature to instruct the state's delega
tion to vote against it. He also expressed
the opinion, in his address in 1821, that there
could "be no doubt of the wisdora and jus
tice" of a protective tariff policy.
He was president of the northeastern
branch of the American Educational Society,
and a meraber of the board of trustees of
Middlebury CoUege, which institution confer
red on him the degree of LL. D.
In personal appearance he is described as
of ordinary form and stature, eyes and com
plexion dark, and hair of the deepest black.
"InteUectually," says Henry R. Minor, Man
chester's historian, "his qualities were of a
kind which gain the respect and confidence
of mankind rather than immediate admi
ration." VAN NESS, Cornelius P.— The eighth
Governor, was born at Kinderhook, N. Y.,
Jan. 26, 1782, son of Peter Van Ness, and of
a wealthy and prominent Dutch family. Two
of his brothers were distinguished in
public life. Gen. John P. Van Ness, congress
man, and for years mayor of Washington,

and WiUiam P. Van Ness, United States dis
trict judge for New York. Judge \V. W . Van
Ness, the distinguished jurist and scholar, was
a cousin. The subject of this sketch did not receive
a coUege education, though designed and
prepared for it by his father, because he pre
ferred a c o m -
mercial to a pro
fessional life. He
soon changed his
mind, however,
and studied law
in the office ot
his brother,
where Martin
Van Buren was a
fellow - s tu dent.
Being admitted
to the bar, he
practiced at
Kinderhook for
two years and
then came to
Vermont, first settling at St. Albans in 1806
and then at BurUngton in 1809. He was
appointed United States district attorney for
this state in 18 10 and this was the begin
ning of a public career in the state and
Federal field that lasted for more than thirty
years. He rapidly rose in the confidence of the
Madison administration and in 181 3 was
appointed collector of custoras at Burling
ton, at that time the most important posidon
of the kind in the county, especially so be
cause of the necessity the administration had
found of getting around its restriction poUcy,
by admitting importations of goods from
Montreal under the legal fiction that they
were goods from neutrals. Mr. Van Ness
handled this delicate duty, both as district
attorney and collector, with tact and skiU.
He held the latter posidon until the close of
the war and then was appointed one of the
commissioners under the treaty of Ghent to
settle the boundary line between the United
States and the British possessions, a task to
which he gave a large part of his time for
several years, but without coming to an agree
ment with the British commissioners.
He was Burlington's representative in the
Legislature from 1818 to 1820, chief justice
of the Supreme Court in i82i-'22, and in
1823 was elected Governor, being twice re
elected, in 1824 and 1825, until he declined
further service.
He was at this tirae at the height of his
popularity and influence. Nearly twenty
years of practice had brought hira to rank
with the half-dozen leading lawyers of the
state, in an era that has not been surpassed
for brilUant ability at the bar. He had for
a decade been supreme in wielding the

VAN NESS.

VAN NESS.

79

federal patronage of the state as well as that
of state affairs whUe Governor. His ad
ministration in the latter office had been
most acceptable ; first elected with only
1,431 votes cast against him, his re-election
in 1824 was almost as unanimous— with only
1,962 votes cast for the opposing candidate,
Joel DooUttle, besides 346 scattering— and in
1825 it was so strongly so that no record is
preserved of the vote. He had done the
honors for the state during Lafayette's visit
in a manner of which everybody was proud.
The favors he had had to distribute with
the genuine good-fellowship and kindhness
as well as shrewd discernment and knowledge
of men which he had shown, had attracted
to him a strong following of devoted friends.
He was in thorough sympathy with the
Deraocratic developraent upon which our
institutions had entered, and he had to some
extent led and directed it. And his wealth,
with the generous hospitality he dispensed,
and the social leadership he and his ac
complished wife had wielded in the most
cultivated circles, seemed to make him strong
in the only remaining direction where
strength was needed.
But all this prestige was shattered at a
single blow, which sent him in mortification
into political exile. He desired to crown
his career with a term in the Senate, and
even before he left the executive chair, laid
his plans to succeed Horatio Seymour whose
term was to expire, and who, it was generally
understood, would not seek a re-election ;
but the latter was finally persuaded to do so.
It was at the time of a reformation of party
lines, and when the feeling was most ran
corous between the adherents of Adams and
Jackson ; antagonisms that for years had
been smouldering against Van Ness burst
forth ; raen whora he had disappointed in
giving out offices entered the field actively
against him, while the disposition of Ver
monters, which has exhibited itself from the
beginning, to retain senators in long service,
was a large factor, adding much to the
strength which his talents and conciliating
manners gave Mr. Seymour. It was the
most exciting personal fight the state ever
had, and few in the country have ever
equalled it. Where it was supposed at first
Governor Van Ness would be irresistible, the
result was left doubtful at the poUs and the
fight was taken to the Legislature where at
length Seymour won by a small majority.
Governor Van Ness attributed his defeat
to the influence of the A_dams administration,
and issued a manifesto to the people declar
ing hostiUty to Adams, and hiraself went to
work actively to pay off scores by organizing
Jackson support in the state. He was in
volved, as a consequence of the manifesto,
in a number of controversies with men who

had long been in his confidence and friend
ship, and before the election of 1828 his old
power had been pretty generally broken and
the state cast its vote for Adaras by a strong
majority. Shortly after Jackson's inauguration, how
ever, he was appointed minister to Spain and
continued to occupy this position for about
ten years. He returned to the country and
state in 1840 and made a determined effort
to carry Vermont for his old friend Van Buren,
but of course with even less results than in the
campaign of 1828, and the next spring he
shook the dust of Vermont frora his feet,
and took up his home in New York City.
He was after this for a year and a half, in
i844-'45, collector of the port of New York
by appointment of President Tyler. This
was his last poUtical position. The death of
his brother. General Van Ness, at Washing
ton, in 1846, devolved the care of the latter's
estate on him and he spent much of his tirae
in Washington until his death, Dec. 15, 1852,
which occurred at Philadelphia while he was
journeying between New York and the Cap
itol. G. B. Sawyer in an obituary sketch of
Governor Van Ness in the New "York Even
ing Post just after his death, thus summed up
his character : "Governor Van Ness neither
felt nor affected love for literature ; troubled
himself little with theoretical speculations or
with abstract principles, except as connected
with the kindred sciences of law and poUtics,
which few men more thoroughly studied and
understood ; this concentration of mind and
effort was the secret and the source of his
success. Without iraagination, using lan
guage plain, but expressing always the pre
cise idea he wished to convey, disregarding
decoration, his reasoning, compacted link
within link, glowed with the fire of earnest
ness and conviction — or rather his speech
was a torrent of impassioned argument, as
clear as it was rapid, capable of sweeping
away juries and assemblies, and of moving
from their moorings the anchored caution and
gravity of the bench."
The most considerable monument to Gov
ernor Van Ness in our statutes is the act of
Oct. 25, 1824, for the present systera of
choosing presidential electors, which was
passed in pursuance of his recoramendation
in place of the old method of election by the
Legislature. He made many valuable sug
gestions for legislation regarding the railitia
and imprisonment for debt, and was par
ticularly clamorous that the last should be
abolished, at least as regards females. Each
of his messages argued for a protective tariff
as was the habit of all the old Democratic
Governors, and he took what afterwards be
came solid Whig ground as to internal im
provements. A large part of his address of

8o

BUTLER.

BUTLER.

1825 was given to adiscussionof the projects
for improvement of the navigation of the Con
necticut and the junction of its waters by
canal with those of Lakes Memphremagog
and Champlain, a work in which he thought
the general governraent ought to assist under
the "general welfare" clause of the constitu
tion. Governor Van Ness was twice married,
first, March 5, 1804, to Rhoda, daughter of
Jaraes Savage of Chatham, N. Y., who died
at Madrid, Spain, July 18, 1834, and second
to a Spanish lady. Three sons and two
daughters were the fruit of the first union.
The second son, Cornelius, went to Texas,
where he was secretary of state at the time
of his death by accident, July 18, 1842. The
third son, George, also died in Texas in
1855, being then a coUector of customs.
Of the daughters, the eldest married Lord
Onseley of the British legation at Washing
ton, and the second, CorneUa, a famous
belle of her time, raarried Judge J. J. Roose
velt of the New York Supreme Court.
BUTLER, Ezra. — Legislator, councilor,
judge, representative in Congress and Gov
ernor, was another Baptist preacher and
Democrat. He was a native of Lancaster,
Mass., the fifth of seven children of Asaph
and Jane (McAllister) Butler, and born Sept.
24, 1763. During his early youth his father
carae to West Windsor in this state, but the
death of his mother necessitated the boy's
spending of most of his time in the family of
an older brother, and his taking care of him
self after he was fourteen, with only six
months of schooUng. He went to work on
the farm of Dr. Stearns at Claremont, N. H.,
soon having the entire management of it. At
the age of seventeen he was a soldier in the
Revolutionary army and early in 1785, when
twenty years old, having spent a few months
in Weathersfield, he and his brother came to
Waterbury, where they built a log house, to
which Mr. Butler, in June of that year,
brought his bride. Miss Tryphena Diggins,
they making the journey into the wilderness
on horseback by way of a bridle path. They
were the second family to settle in Water-
bury and suffered aU the privations and hard
ships of pioneer life. He afterward buUt the
first frame house in town.
The town of Waterbury was organized at
a meeting in 1790, and Mr. Butler was chos
en the first town clerk, and for the next forty
years he was constantly in the public service,
frequently holding two or more important
positions at a time, so that if we count the
years of his terms of office they make over
sixty-five. He was town representative for
eleven years, from 1794 to 1805, excepting
1798, and again in 1807, when he was chos
en both representative and member of the

colincU, and acted a part of the time in one
body and a part in the other. He served in
the councU sixteen years, 1807 to 1826, ex
cepting 1 8 13 and '14, when he was in Con
gress. In 1803, '04 and '05, he was assist
ant judge ofthe county court of Chittenden,
to which Waterbury then belonged, and in
1806 to '11 he was its chief judge. In 1812,
when Jefferson (now Washington) county
was organized, he was elected its chief jus
tice and held the position uninterruptedly
except for the two years of his congressional
service, until 1825, when the present judi
ciary system was formed, and he was elected
first assistant judge. In 1806 he was a
raeraber of the Council of Censors, and in
1822 of the Constitutional Convention of
that year.
He was a vigorous supporter of Jonas
Galusha, in state politics, and in his long
and active service in the Council steadily rose
to a recognized position of leadership. But
he fought for his beliefs of right rather
than for personal advancement and he was
so earnestly conscientious that party rewards
carae slowly to him. He was well started in
that way when in 181 2 he was elected to
Congress on a general ticket with James
Fisk, ^^'illiam Strong, W. C. Bradley, Richard
Skinner and Charles Rich, a galaxy of talent
that has never been surpassed in the state's
representation. He was with the rest an
earnest supporter of the Madison adminis
tration. But the New England revulsion
against the war gave the state to the Fed
eralists in 1 8 14, and the delegation to Con
gress was entirely changed. But Mr. But
ler's constituents were prompt to return him
to the council and to the bench, and he was
regularly re-elected until in 1826 he was
made the Democratic candidate for Gover
nor and was elected and re-elected without
any party putting up a candidate to oppose
him, though some 2,000 votes were cast for
Joel Doolittle at each election. His most
notable work as Governor was his strenuous
opposition to lotteries as expressed in both
his messages, and his arguments for legislation
to abolish or minimize imprisonment for
debt. He decUned in 1828 to be a candidate
for another term and retired to private life
after a continuous political service since
1790. But he went into the anti- Masonic
raovement, which after the disappearance of
the old political issues now swept the state,
and held control of its affairs for the next
few years, with only a remnant of the Dem
ocratic organization to stand up against it.
Mr. Butier was one of the electors to cast the
electoral vote of the state in 1832 for Wirt
and EUmaker. He had before been a Jef
ferson elector in 1804 and a Monroe elector
in 1820. He was a member of the commit-

BUTLER.

CRAFTS.

tee that fixed the site of the first state house
in MontpeUer and of the comraissioners that
located the state's prison and state arsenal
and made the plans for them. He was a
trustee of the University of Vermont from
1810 to i8t6. With the other party leaders
in the Legislature of 1804 he aided in the
defeat of the Massachusetts proposal of a
constitutional amendment to exclude slaves
in the apportionment for representatives in
Congress, arguing that this was one of the
sacred compromises of the constitution and
thus the consideration for it in the provision
which Massachusetts also proposed to abolish
for the apportionment of direct taxes by
population might be important in case of war.
For above forty years he was an elder of
the Baptist church, its pastor at Waterbury,
its preacher whenever at horae and a con
stant and unremitting teacher of religion
wherever he was. According to his own
account he was an irreligious and profane
youth, presumptuous in his skepticism. His
conversion was brought about one Sunday
by the reading with his wife of a pamphlet,
whose beginning and end were gone and
whose author he never knew, on hereditary
sin. Its perusal threw him into deep and
anxious thought, bordering on despair,
which lasted for several days until he was
brought "into the clear Ught and Uberty of
the gospel." In a few months he was bap
tized into the Baptist church and when a
church of that denomination was organized
in Waterbury he was ordained its pastor and
continued in the discharge of its duties until
within a few years of his death, July 12,
1838, at the age of seventy -four, adding this
service to aU his other multifarious cares
¦as legislator and judge, and political leader,
for love of his Maker and his fellowmen,
without salary or remuneration to the end.
Rarely indeed does any man hold pubUc
confidence as Ezra Butier did. He had not
the winning presence of Fisk or Tichenor,
or the learning of the Bradleys, or the tre
mendous popular strength of Galusha, but
his judgment was sound and penetrating, his
ideals high, his purposes pure, his methods
always painstaking, and his appearance al
ways that of intensest sincerity. This is
illustrated by the tradition that after one of
his executive speeches a man in the gaUery
invited the audience to sing "Mear." He
-always had the air of meekness and dignity
characteristic of the ministry, and one that
could not fail to command respect.
No portrait of him was ever painted — "He
was not that sort of a man," repUed a mem
ber of the family to an inquiry of Governor
Walton. But he is described by Rev. C. C.
Parker as in form "sUghtly stooping, his
complexion sallow and dark, and his whole
-appearance quite unprepossessing; but his

penetrating black eye and the calm tones of
his voice quickly told of an intellect and will
of no common order.''
CRAFTS, Samuel C- Governor, sen
ator, and rep
resentative in
Congress, fiUed
nearly every
office within
the gift of the
people of Ver
mont, being in
continuouspublic service
for fifty years
or more. He
was born in
Woodstock,
Conn., Oct. 6,
1768, the son
of Col. Eben
ezer Crafts, a first and leading settler of
Craftsbury, and in honor of whom the town
was named. The son was Uberally educated
and graduated frora Harvard in 1790, then
accompanied his father into the wUderness,
and two years later, on the organization of
the town of Craftsbury, was elected its first
town clerk, and held the posUion for thirty-
seven consecutive years, even while his pu'b-
lic duties called him away from home a
large part of the time. He was in the con
vention to revise the state constitution in
1793, being its youngest member, and even
then showed the raarked aptitude for pubhc
affairs that achieved his distinguished career.
In 1796 he was Craftsbury's representative in
the General Assembly, in 1798 and 1799 he
was clerk of the House, and the next year was
again on the floor, being re-elected in 1801,
1803, and 1805. He was register of pro
bate for the Orleans district from 1796 to
1815, judge ofthe Orleans county court from
1800 to 18 10, and chief judge for the next
six years, and twenty years later, from 1836
to 1838, after he had filled the highest posi
tions in the state, he was clerk of the court.
In 1809 he was elected a member of the ex
ecutive council, serving for three years, and
again from 1825 to 1827. At this time also,
frora 1825 to 1828, he was again chief judge
of his county court.
In 1 8 16 he was elected representative in
Congress and served eight years, untU 1825,
usefully and industriously, but without any
great distinction or prominence in the na
tional battles of those times. Indeed, he
was seldom heard in debate in either state
or national haUs, for he had Uttle faith in the
good of speech-making. Afterward he was
senator for a few months, from December, '42,
to March, '43, being appointed by Governor
Paine, and then also chosen by the Legisla-

CRAFTS.

PALMER.

ture, to fiU out the unexpired term of Judge
Prentiss, who had resigned to accept the of
fice of United States district judge.
In 1828, after his last term in the council,
he was elected Governor and re-elected in
1829 and '30. His first election, which was
substantially without opposition, as Van
Ness' and I5utler's had been, closed the "era
of good feeling" in state poUtics. The vote
in 1828 was 16,285 for him and 916 for Joel
Doolittle. The two parties had already
taken lines under the names of "National
Republican" and the "Jackson Party" or
"Democrats," with the Anti-Masons soon
to appear, and in 1829 the vote was 14,325
for Crafts, 3,973 for Joel DooUttle, and
7,347 for Heman Alien, of Highgate, then of
Burlington, whom the Anti-Masons sup
ported, though he had refused to identify
himself with them. But in 1830 the Anti-
Masons had become so strong as to prevent
an election by the people. The vote was
13,476 for Crafts, 10,923 for WilUam A.
Palmer, Anti-Mason, and 6,285 for Ezra
Meech, Democrat, with 37 scattering. This
threw the election into the Legislature, where
the Democrats substituted WilUam C. Brad
ley for Meech as their candidate, and thirty-
two ballots were required to reach a result.
Crafts was finally elected by eight of the
Anti-Masons and some of the scattering
votes going to his support. The next year
the Anti-Masons had a strong plurality lead
in the popular vote, and won in the Legisla
ture, though a portion of the National Re
publicans supported Governor Crafts in the
balloting, endeavoring to compromise on him
when it was evident that their candidate,
Heman AUen, could not be elected.
Governor Crafts' address in 1829 was the
first to treat of the evils of intemperance, and
he urged higher licenses and more stringent
regulation of public houses to check the
"free indulgence in the use of spirituous
liquors." He advanced in his message of
1828 what may be called the germ idea of
our present town system of schools, and he
urged the system of highway taxes that has
since been adopted. He was able to see
into the future even beyond today, when
he said in his message of 1830 : "The state
of Vermont, possessing a salubrious climate,
a productive soil, much mineral wealth, an
immense amount of water power, and an in
dustrious, enterprising and intelligent popu
lation, seeras destined to become, when the
natural resources shaU be fully developed, a
very important member of our great family of
states. If some safe, cheap and expeditious
means of communication with the raarket
towns be constructed, no part of the Union
would offer more eligible situation for some
branches of manufacture than Vermont."
Governor Crafts, after his retirement, was
president of the constitutional convention of

1829 and was an elector on the Harrison
ticket in 1840.
Personally he was modest and unassum
ing — not " magnetic " in leadership, but with
a profound power of inspiring confidence;
scholarly in habit, especially in dealing with
practical affairs, he became in the course of
his long life an almost exhaustless storehouse
of information which he gathered from every
side. In June, 1802, when there were but
few log huts on the site of the present city of
Cincinnati, he commenced a tour of obser
vation to the lower Mississippi, and in com
pany with Michaux, the younger, made a
botanical reconnoissance of the valley of the
Great ^Vest in canoes and arks. All the
sciences, including natural history, geology,
mineralogy, astronomy, as well as the higher
mathematics, were the objects of study and
extensive reading and some writing by him
all his life. While in coUege he calculated a
transit of Venus, the first achievement of
the kind that had ever been made by an
undergraduate at Harvard. He was also an
accomplished student of architecture, serv
ing on the committee of public buUdings in
Congress, and the noble structure of a state
house was a monument of his learning untU
it was burned in 1857. Above all was he a
student of the Bible, and the most honorable
station he ever filled, in his view, was that of
Sunday school teacher, whose duties he faith
fully performed whenever at horae, giving
freely of his vast and varied knowledge to
illuminate the text. He was active in every
good work, serving on the official boards of
the various state benevolent societies. He
died, Nov. 19, 1853, at the age of eighty-five.
Governor Crafts raarried, in i 798, Eunice
Todd, a sister of the famous alienist. Dr. EH
Todd, of Hartford, Conn., and by whom he
had two children, one son and one daughter.
The former died while at college at Burling
ton, and the latter married N. S. HiU, treas
urer of the University of Vermont.

PALMER, William

lectual and physical vigor.

A. — The eleventh
Governor of the
state, judge, leg
islator and Fed
eral senator, was
another leader of
Connecticut ori
gin, born at He
bron, Conn.,
Sept. 12, 1781,
the son of Joshua
and Susanna Pal
mer, of a family
that had emi
grated from Eng
land before the
Revolution, and
was fuU of intel-
Of the Gover-

PALMER.

PALMER.

83

nor's seven brothers and sisters, aU lived to
the age of eighty or upward. He had only a
common school education, but an accident
by a faU on the ice with an axe lost him the
use of a part of one of his hands and unfitted
him for manual labor, so that he studied law
with Judge Peters, and, after coming to Ver
mont, with Daniel Buck at Chelsea, prac
ticed a few years at St. Johnsbury and then
moved to Danville, where in after years he
devoted raost of the time that he was free
from public cares to agriculture. He was
for eight years county clerk and judge of
probate of Caledonia county and served one
year as judge of the Supreme Court in 1816,
refusing a further election. He was six tiraes
elected representative from Danville.
In politics he was a Jeffersonian Demo
crat, and during the ascendency of that party
in the state, until the Anti-Masonic break-up,
was one of its most potent leaders. In 18 17
he was elected United States senator to suc
ceed James Fisk, resigned, and then for a
full term of six years, closing in 1825. ' He
had for several years been under something
of a cloud of unpopularity, because of his
vote for the Missouri coraproraise, and be
fore that in favor of admitting the state with
the constitution which she had herself
adopted, though it allowed slavery. He was
practically the only senator from the state
who ever cast a vote on slavery's side. But
he always maintained to his dying day that
the vote was right, not because he approved
of slavery, but because he stood, even at that
early day, on what afterwards became the
Douglas idea of squatter sovereignty as the
only doctrine consistent with the com
promises of our constitution. Returning to
his home in DanviUe he was the next year
elected again to the Legislature, and re
elected in 1827.
He was elected Governor in 1831, and
re-elected tiU 1835. He had in 1830 been
the candidate of the new and rapidly rising
element that caUed itself the Anti-Masonic
party, and obtained so strong a vote as to
throw the election into the Legislature as
detailed in the sketch of Governor Crafts.
At the 183 1 election. Palmer and the Anti-
Masons were in a strong lead in the popular
vote, it standing 15,258 for Palmer, 12,990
for Heman AUen, National RepubUcan, and
6,158 for Ezra Meech, Democrat. No
party had a majority in the Legislature, and
it took nine ballots and a heated contest to
elect Palmer, and this was only accomphshed
by one raajority, due to a break among the
National Republicans in trying to transfer
their support from AUen to Governor Crafts.
In 1832 again there was no election by the
people. The National RepubUcans returned
again to Governor Crafts, whom they had
found to be their strongest candidate, and

gave him 15,499 votes, while Palmer had
17,318, and Meech 8,210. It took forty-
three ballots in the Legislature to re-elect
Governor Palmer, with barely two raajority,
and this result was finally due to the aid of a
few friends of Crafts. In 1833 the National
RepubUcans had gone out entirely or been
absorbed by the Anti-Masons, owing to a
combination of both national and state
causes, and the Democrats were the only
party to stand up with any show against
the new party. The vote was 20,565 for
Palmer, 15,683 for Meech (Dem.), 1765 for
Horatio Seymour, 772 for John Roberts, and
120 scattering. This was the only election
Governor Palmer received by a majority vote
of the people. By 1834 the Whigs had got
weU organized under the lead of Horatio
Seymour, and the vote was 17,131 for
Palmer, 10,365 for WiUiam C. Bradley
(Dem.), and 10,159 for Seymour; but Pal
mer was elected on the first ballot in the
Legislature, getting 126 out of the 168 votes
cast. This was due to the fact that both par
ties, anticipating the early coUapse of the
Anti-Masons as a political organization, were
playing to catch the pieces. Seymour had
published a letter announcing that he would
not be a candidate in the General Assembly
against Governor Palmer, and the vote indi
cates that Bradley or the Deraocratic leaders
had been conveying the same assurances
privately. In 1835 Governor Palraer still led in the
popular vote, 16,210 for himto 13,254 for
Bradley, and 5,435 for Paine, Whig, but
could not win in the Legislature, and after
sixty-three ballots without any choice, the
highest vote for Palmer being 112, Bradley
73, and Paine 45, the effort was given up,
and Jennison, who had been chosen Lieuten
ant-Governor, had to take the executive
chair. AU the rest of the .Anti-Masonic ticket
except Governor Palmer had been indorsed
by the Whigs, and the corabination to defeat
the Governor was due to the recollection of
his Deraocratic proclivities and the belief
that he purposed to support Van Buren for
the presidency the next year.
Governor Palmer had been the .Anti-Ma
sonic leader because he profoundly believed
in the evil of aU secret societies. He was
never a member of any of thera or of any
similar social organization. But he did not
take any such radical grounds in his mes
sages as might have been expected. In his
first address in 1831 he declared his purpose
to appoint to office only men who were "un
shackled by any earthly allegiance except to
the constitution and laws," and he suggested
legislation to prohibit the administration of
oaths except "when necessary to secure the
faithful discharge of public trusts and to
eUcit truth in the administration of justice,"

84

JENNISON.

JENNISON.

and to "diminish the frequency" of even
these, because of the "influence which they
exercise over the human mind." He reiter
ated these recommendations in subsequent
messages. He followed up the denunciations of the
previous Governors of the system of im
prisonment for debt, which he pronounced
"a relic of a dark age, and a barbarous
code," and declared to be inconsistent with
the constitution of the state as it was, "ex
cept where a strong presumption of fraud"
could be shown. He took occasion in his
1834 message to disapprove President Jack
son's severe measures against the national
bank as "pernicious in their consequences,
and altogether unwarrantable," though he
admitted the misconduct of the bank and the
dangerous features of its charter, to whose
renewal he was opposed "in its present
form." The latter declaration was the reason
of the Whig bitterness towards him.
In 1837 Governor Palmer was again re
turned to the Legislature, being elected
county senator, and with this service he
closed his pubhc career, retiring to his farm
in DanviUe, where he lived in honored ease
until his death, Dec. 3, i860, at the age of
seventy-nine. He had in his later years
been so subject to epileptic fits as to become
a great source of trouble and anxiety to his
friends and family.
The Governor was a very popular man
personally, and also a good manager in po
litical contests, and hard to beat when up as
a candidate. He was charitable to a fault,
as is sometiraes said, frequently giving to his
own hurt financially, and at his death he was
coraparatively poor. He was often consulted
as an adviser by his townsmen and others,
and his opinion was always considered valu
able — and quite usually acted upon. He
was certainly a man of " strong natural abil
ity, possessing a decided and penetrating
mind," and with such an "unpretending
simplicity of manners," as inevitably made
him a popular favorite.
He married in September, 1813, at Dan
ville, Miss Sarah, third daughter of Capt.
Peter and Sarah Blanchard of Danville, who
had removed to Vermont from Concord, N.
H., in 1790 or before. The Governor and
wife had seven children in aU, two daughters
dying in infancy ; five boys lived to man
hood : WiUiam B., Abial O., Henry Wirt,
Edward Carter, and Franklin Rolfe, all ex
cept Edward, who died in 1888, residing in
Danville. JENNISON, Silas H.— Governor ofthe
state in 1836 and for the six years following,
was the last of the Governors to secure such
repeated re-elections, and the first who was
native born. He was born in Shoreham,

May 17, 1 79 1, the son of Levi and Ruth
Hemenway Jennison. His father died when
he was only a year old, but his mother was a
woman of uncommon strength of character,
and to her very
largely was due
his success in
after life, as is
the case with
most great men.
He had to work
hard in his
youth, attend
ing school only
a few weeks
each year, but
with the en
couragement of
his energetic, in
dustrious and
ambitious moth
er, he secured an education by omniverous
reading, devoting his nights to study and
reciting to Mr. Sisson, a neighbor. And he
kept up this habit of study all through his
life, storing his mind with information, so
that though he was never a speaker and
never engaged in public debate, the weight
and solidity of his attainments, with his
faculty of facUe and accurate transaction of
public business, won him prominence. He
early became an expert in mathematics and
surveying. He represented his town 1826 to 1831,
was assistant justice of the county court six
years, i829-'35, councilor, Lieutenant-Gov
ernor in 1835, acting also as Governor, as
there was no choice by the people or in the
Legislature, as explained in the sketch of
Governor Palmer. He was then elected
Governor in 1836 as a whig, by a vote of
20,471 over WilUara C. Bradley, who had
16,124. He issued a proclamation this year,
during the rebeUion in Canada, warning
against any violation of the neutrality laws,
as there was much sympathy araong our
people with the rebels.
The proclamation affected his popularity
for the time being, but in the end only in
creased it, as his firmness and good judg
ment came to be appreciated. The Demo
crats, however, took advantage of the feeHng
to make a sharp canvass against him in
1837, but he was re-elected with an increase
of 187 in his majority. In 1838 it was in
creased 1,024 more, though so able and
strong a raan had been his competitor each
year. The next year the Deraocratic fight
was raade under the cry of "SimUe and Bank
Reform," with Nathan SimUe as the candi
date, and Jennison's majority was cut to
2,354. But in the Harrison log-cabin year,
1840, he got a majority of 10,798, after the
most exciting canvass he ever had. In the

PAINE.
Legislature, and as Governor, he interested
himself largely in the subject of the grand
Ust and problems of taxation. At the close
of his term in 1841 he decUned re-election.
But he served for six years after this as
judge of probate, i84i-'47, and was a dele
gate to the Constitutional Convention of
1843, and he died in September, 1849, after
a protracted iUness.
Governor Jennison, who was of tall, stately
build, and unaffected, cordial manners, was
d man of cultivated tastes, clear-viewed on
pubhc questions, and prudent and correct in
administration. As a poUtical leader he was
a man of uncommon shrewdness and percep
tion, of winning lines of argument, and he
¦Was one of the half-dozen leaders to whom it
was due that out of the Anti-Masonic shake-
up the Whigs brought such growingly secure
control of the state, to hand down to the
Republicans after them.
PAINE, Charles. — Governorof the state
in i84i-'43, the youngest man who had ever
held the office, one of the leading projectors
of the Vermont Central R. R., and its first
president, was the son of Judge Elijah Paine,
and was born April 15, 1799. He inherited
his father's executive ability and bold con
ceptions of mind and enterprise of spirit,
with even more than his benevolence, be
cause of the easier lines on which his Ufe
was cast. His last work, where he lost his
life, fitly supplementing what he had done in
Vermont, was exploring a route in Texas for
a Pacific railroad.
He was well educated, graduated from
Harvard, and was intended for a profession,
but instead took hold of his father's business
matters, showing such an efficiency and grasp
of affairs as pointed out the proper career
for him. The great ambition of his young
manhood was the building of the Vermont
Central R. R. He interested foreign capital
in it, and Oct. 11, 1848, he rode on the first
train into Northfield, where he had settled.
He built and conducted for years the large
hotel at Depot Village, and was aU his days
engaged in iraportant enterprises. Like his
father, he was interested in agriculture, and
imported a full-blooded Durham into town
to improve the breeding of the cattle there.
He was elected Governor in 184 1 as a whig,
being re-elected the next year. He had for
several years been prominent in his party, and
had been its candidate as far back as 1835,
when its resurrection began frora the ruins of
Anti-Masonry, as explained in the sketch of
Governor Palraer. There were no great feat
ures to his administration, though it was busi
ness-like in its conduct, and his messages
gave considerable prominence to topics of
education.

MATTOCKS.

85

He donated the land on which the North-
field Academy was built, giving, besides, an
excellent apparatus and S500 in cash. He
built entirely with his own funds the Con
gregational church at Depot Village. He
bequeathed to the CathoUc church the land
for its church and ceraetery, and he also
gave the land for the beautiful Elrawood
cemetery at that place. He was a man of
too broad mind to be sectarian in his gen
erous impulses, and his charities always ex
tended to the most diverse objects. His
views were epitomized in his wiU, which,
leaving aU details to the trustees, required
them, after "assisting such persons as they
may think have any claim arising from con
sanguinity, friendship or obUgation" in
curred by him, "to use and appropriate what
ever property I may die possessed of for the
best good and welfare of my fellowmen, to
assist in the improvement of mankind, re
commending that they do it without sec
tarianism or bigotry according to the inten
tion of that God whose wiU is found in the
law of the Christian religion in which I be
lieve and trust."
This wiU is not lawyer-like, could not
stand under the law of trusts as expounded
by the courts nowadays, and notably in the
Tilden case, but it is noteworthy as showing
the character of the man.
His career was cut short by his death in
Texas, as above stated, after only twenty-six
days' Ulness, July 6, 1853, when he had
reached the age of only fifty-four.
In personal apjjearance he is described by
a friend. Rev. E. Gannett, D. D., as of
"erect form, open face, and princely de
meanor, always with words of cordial greet
ing." MATTOCKS, JOHN.— A distinguished
lawyer, briefly a judge ofthe Supreme Court
in 1832, Governor in 1843, and three times a
representative in Congress, was born at Hart
ford, Conn., March 4, 1777, the son of Samuel
Mattocks, a captaiii in the Revolutionary
army who afterwards came to Vermont, be
came prominent in the early days, represent
ing Tinmouth in the Legislature for four years,
being judge and chief justice of the Rutland
county court for five years, serving in the
ninth council, succeeding Ira Allen as state
treasurer, and holding the position fourteen
years, from 1786 to 1800.
John Mattocks was only a year old when
his father raoved frora Connecticut to Tin
mouth, and at the age of fifteen went to live
with his sister, Rebecca Miller, at Middle
bury for two or three years, where he began
the study of law in the office of Samuel
Miller, completing it, however, at Fairfield,
under Judge Bates Turner, and being ad
mitted to the bar in February, 1797. He

.^lATTOCKS.

SLADE.

commenced practice at DanviUe, but soon
after moved to Peachara, where he carved
out his successful career. He was Peacham's
representative in the General Assembly in
i8o7-'i5-'i6-'23-'24, was a delegate to the
Constitutional Convention of 1836, and was
first elected to Congress in 1820, then in
1824, and again in 1840. He joined the
Whig party as soon as it was formed, and
was an unyielding adherent of that organiza-

'¦-T'ti^-

/

tion to the day of his death. He was chosen
judge of the Supreme Court in 1832, but
declined a re-election the foUowing year.
He devoted himself to his professional prac
tice for the ne-\t four years, until in 1843
the Whigs norainated hira for Governor and
elected hira by a vote of 24,465 to 21,982
for Judge Daniel Kellogg, Democrat, and
3,766 for Charles K.Williams.
He was in 1806 one of the thirteen direc
tors of the Vermont State Bank, and a brig
adier-general of the state niihtia in 1812.
As a lawyer Governor Mattocks was often
likened to the great Jeremiah Mason of New
Hampshire. He was especially strong before
a jury, with a concentration of mind, a power
of analysis and illustration, a capacious mem
ory that was a storehouse of argument, and a
clear and convincing way of statement that
were apt to make him irresistible. He was
keen and searching on cross-examination,
and his knowledge of practical life and his
quickness of judgment of human nature,
made him a very shrewd and adroit mana
ger of cases. In Congress his most notable

speech accompanied the presentation of a
petition for the abolition of slavery in the
District of Columbia. His personal de
meanor was always that of the utmost cour
tesy, and his kindliness to young lawyers has
been the subject of anecdote for generations.
He was deeply religious, Calvinistic in belief,
and in his later years a member of the Con
gregational church at Peachara. A severe
domestic affliction in the death of a son
caused him to refuse re-election as Gov
ernor and to retire to private life.
Governor Mattocks wedded, Sept. 4, 1810,
Esther Newell, of Peacham, who died on her
fifty-second birthday, July 21, 1844, leaving
a daughter and three sons living. Two
daughters died in infancy. Governor Mat
tocks died August 14, 1847. Of the three
sons who survived, one filled an honorable
position as a clergyman, another as a lawyer,
and the other as a physician.
SLADE, "William.— Congressman, Gov
ernor, secretary of state, secretary of the
National Board of Education, poUtical edi
tor, compiler of "Slade's State Papers," and
who pro'bably held a greater variety of civil
trusts than any other citizen of the state,
was born at Cornwall in 1786. His father
was Col. \\'illiam Slade, a Revolutionary vet
eran, who came from Washington, Conn., in
1786, was sheriff of Addison county for sev
eral years, an active RepubUcan poUtician,
and a staunch supporter of Madison and the
war of 18 T 2. Young Slade graduated from
Middlebury CoUege in 1807, studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1810. But
his attention was soon absorbed in journal
ism and politics, and in historical and Uter
ary studies. In i8i4-'i5-'i6 he edited the
Columbian Patriot, a poUtical paper at Mid
dlebury, where he also kept a book store. In
1816 he was made secretary of state, and
held the position for eight years. He was a
Madison presidential elector in 18 12. From
181 7 to 1823 he was also judge of the Addi
son county court, and was afterwards state's
attorney. Before the close of the Monroe
administration he was appointed clerk in the
state department in Washington, and served
until 1829, when he had to "go" under Jack
son. But he had improved the opportunity in
the meantime to equip himself inteUectually
for the larger usefulness of later years, and
was one of the few men who ever rose from
departmental service to anything higher.
In 1830 he was elected rejaresentative to
Congress and served continuously for twelve
years. On his retirement, such was the
versatility he had shown, that he was ap
pointed reporter of the decisions of the
Supreme Court of Vermont. But he held
this position only one year, because in 1844
he was chosen Governor, and re-elected the

SLADE.

EATON.

87

next year. Subsequently he was for nearly
fifteen years secretary of the national board
of popular education, having for its object
the furnishing of the West with teachers
from the East, and gave himseU to the duties
of the position with the thoroughness and
the zest that always characterized him, and
with an effect for good that it is not easy to
measure. These labors ceased only with his
death, Jan. 18, 1859.
His iDest title to historical rank wUl rest on
his speech, Dec. 20, 1837, on a petition for
the abolition of the slave trade in the Dis
trict of Columbia, and though the speech
was suppressed by vote of the House, the
pluck with which he presented the case and
the skUl and coolness with which he prodded
the slavocracy to desperation, were well
worthy of admiration. In arguing for the
removal of the disgrace of this traffic from
the National Capital, he naturally branched
off into a discussion of the wicked and
brutaUzing character of the traffic every
where. Quoted Franklin, Jefferson and
Madison in reprobation of it, and when points
of order were fired at him to the effect that
" slavery in the United States " could not be
discussed, he was ready with quotations
from these great southern statesmen thera
selves to show that they were ready to dis
cuss and consider, but never to throttle
debate on the subject. He finally got the
southerners into a corner where they ob
jected to quotations from the Declaration of
Independence itself, and driving thera re
morselessly in their dilemraa, extorted a call
from the leaders for the southern delegations
to leave the hall in a body. When they
attempted the gag rule to suppress him he
said : " You may indeed silence the voice of
truth in this hall, but it will be only to give it
louder and deeper tones elsewhere" — words
that were prophetic. His speech on the
tariff bill of 1842 was also regarded as a
strong one for the protectionist side of the
arguraent, especially for its wool schedule,
and it was widely published and circulated
by the Whigs.
One of the interesting episodes of Ver
mont politics in those days was the "war of
pamphlets" between him and Senator Phelps
in 1845 and 1846, growing out of the charges
made against the senator before his re-election
in 1844, that he had been inclined to kick
out of the party traces and to refuse to vote
for the tariff biU of 1842 and against the land
distribution biU, and that he had impaired
his usefulness by excessive intemperance,
violence of teraper, and coarseness of lan
guage. Slade was at the time Governor and
claimed that Phelps had got him nominated
to silence these accusations. He had been
an aspirant for the senator's seat, as also had
Hiland Hall, and these two with Ezra Meech

and Charles Adaras fathered the reports, as
Phelps claimed. The thing was fought out
in the Whig convention and in the Legisla
ture, which appointed a committee of inves
tigation. Phelps won at both points, and
then in the following winter pubUshed an
"Appeal" to the people of Vermont in his
vindication, reviewing the charges, produc
ing letters from a large number of his col
leagues and associates to show the baseless
ness of the charges. Slade followed with a
"reply," then Phelps with a "rejoinder" and
Slade with another address "To the People
of Vermont," in which they handled each
other severely and with a pergonal bitterness
that would be irreparably damaging to the
author in these days.
EATON, Horace, Governor of the state
in 1846-8, Lieutenant-Governor for the three
years preceding, physician, coUege professor
and writer, was a raan of modest but wide
merit. The accessible biographical facts
about him, however, are meagre. He was a
son of Dr. Eliphozand Polly (Barnes) Eaton,
born at Barnard, June 22, 1804, but reraov
ing with his parents to Enosburg two years
later. He attended the district schools until
he was fifteen, when he was sent to St. Albans
.Academy to fit for college, entered Middle
bury in 182 1, and graduated in 1825, having
taught school every winter to help pay his
expenses, but keeping up with his class v.'ith-
out difficulty. He taught the academy
school in Middlebury for two years after
graduation, and then returned to Enosburg
and studied medicine with his father, and
also attended medical lectures at Castleton,
where he received his diploma. He contin
ued at Enosburg in the practice of his pro
fession in corapany with his father, until the
latter's retireraent, then alone, and still later
in company with his brother. Dr. Rollin
Eaton. He was town clerk for a number of
years, representative in the Legislature six
different times, and once in the Constitu
tional Council. In 1837 he was elected state
senator, and again in 1839, being re-elected
three times. Though unpretentious, he was
so diUgent and useful a legislator that he
made a reputation which resulted in his
nomination by the Whigs for Lieutenant-
Governor, in 1843, on the ticket with Gov
ernor Mattocks, and he was re-elected on the
ticket with Governor Slade for his two
terms. In 1846 he was the party nominee
for Governor, and was elected by a plurality
of 5,763, the largest the Whigs had up to
this time obtained, except in presidential
years, and he was re-elected the next year.
On his retirement from the Governor's chair
he was called to Middlebury College to take
the post of professor of natural history and
chemistry, which he held for about six years

COOLIDGE.

WILLIAMS.

until his death, July 4, 1 85 5, in his sixty-first
year. He had for several years been in
feeble health, the victim of wasting and ex
hausting disease contracted in the care of a
professional brother. Doctor Bard, of Troy.
He was a man of clear and weU-balanced
mind, Madison-Uke in the simple, convincing
fairness of his arguments, and the comprehen
siveness of his understanding of the subjects
he handled, just and kindly towards others, of
great delicacy of feeling, and always exceed
ingly careful not to wound, always a gentleman
in his deportment. It was a combination of
qualities that when bottomed on real intellec
tual strength and extensive learning, as was the
case with him, make a strong raan, a con
troUing one in deliberative assemblies and an
authoritative on executive duties. He wrote
much in the way of pubUc addresses and
lectures, reports and newspaper articles, not
much of which, however, was of an enduring
character. His last address deUvered but a
few weeks before his death was before the
"Enosburg Young Men's Temperance So
ciety." He was much interested in temper
ance work all through his later years, taking
an active part in the agitation that finally led
to the enactment of our prohibitory law.
Besides aU his other services to the state he
was for five years the state superintendent of
common schools.
Governor Eaton was twice married, first,
August 14, 182 1, to CordeUa L. Fuller, who
died Feb. 7, 1841 ; and second, December,
1 84 1, to Miss Edna Palmer. There were
two children, but only one, Mrs. R. D. Ross
of Missouri, Uved to reach maturity.
COOLIDGE, Carlos.— Speaker, sen
ator, and Governor, son of Nathan and
Elizabeth (Curtis) Coolidge, was born in
Windsor, June 25, 1792. He fitted for col
lege with Rev. James Converse of Weathers-
field, and entered Dartmouth in the faU of
1807, but transferred to Middlebury in the
spring of 1809, and was graduated in 18 11.
After graduation he comraenced the study
of law with Peter Starr, Esq., of Middlebury,
with whom he remained about two years,
and then returning to Windsor completed
his legal studies with Hon. Jonathan H.
Hubbard, and was admitted to the ^Vindsor
county bar at the September term, 1814, and
established himseU in practice in his native
town. In 1 83 1 he was elected state's at
torney for the county of ^Vindsor, and was
successively re-elected for five terms. He
was a member of the first board of bank
commissioners, appointed under a statute
enacted in 1831. In 1834 he" was elected
to represent Windsor in the Legislature, and
re-elected during the two succeeding years,
being speaker in 1836, and was also repre
sentative for another term of three years.

i839-'4o-'4i,and speaker during the whole
term, and distinguished himseU by the dig
nity and impartiaUty with which he dis
charged the duties of that station.
In 1845 he was presidential elector and
assisted in giving the vote of Vermont to
Henry Clay. He was the candidate of the
"Whig party for Governor in 1848, and, no
election being made by the people, was
chosen by the Legislature. In the same way
he was re-elected in 1849. He was a sena
tor from Windsor county in i853-'54-'55,
and was frequently called upon to act as
president pro tempore of the Senate and
Joint Asserably.
He married Harriet Bingham of Clare
mont, N. H., by whom he had one son, who
died in early childhood, and one daughter :
Mary, who married Rev. FrankUn Butler.
He received the honorary degree of A.
M. frora the University of Vermont in 1835,
and that of LL. D. from his alma mater in
1849. He died at Windsor, August 14, 1866,
aged sixty-nine.
WILLIAMS, Charles Kilborn.—
Governor, an
" eminent jurist
! and one of the
' most widely use-
! ful of our states-
,:,/ , , men, was born
at C ambridge,
Mass., Jan. 24,
1782. Youngest
son of that emi
nent philosopher
and historian.
Rev. Samuel Wil
liams, LL. D., by
Jane, daughter of
^ Elphialet Kil
born. He came
to Vermont with his father in 1790, gradua
ted at ^\'iUiams in 1800, and locating at
Rutland, continued to reside there untU his
death. He studied law with Cephas Sraith,
Esq., of Rutland, then clerk of the U. S.
courts for the district of Vermont ; was ad
mitted to the bar in March, 1803; was
appointed a tutor in WilUams CoUege in 1802,
and about the same time received a similar
appointment from Middlebury CoUege, both
of which he decUned. He served one cam
paign on the northfrontierin thewarof 1812.
Represented Rutland i8o9-'ii-'i4-'i5-'2o-
'21 and '49. After his retirement from the
bench, by the general concurrence of aU po
Utical parties in town, he was state's attorney
of Rutiand county in 18 15 ; was elected judge
of the Supreme Court of Vermont, in 1822-
'23-'24, declining the last election; was ap
pointed coUector of customs for Vermont in
1825 and held the jDosition until October, 1829,

FARBANKS.

FAIRBANKS.

when he resigned, being again elected one of
the judges of the Vermont Supreme Court ; to
this office he received seventeen successive
annual elections. He retired from the bench
in 1849, decUninga re-election. In i85o-'5i
he was elected Governor by a majority of
the popular vote. In 1827 he was appointed
one of the state comraissioners for common
schools, a board to select and recommend
suitable text books and to have general super
vision over educational affairs of the state ;
was a member of the corporation of Middle
bury College from 1827 to 1843, and, at the
time of his death, was president of the society
of the Alumni of WilUams CoUege. He re
ceived the degree of Master of Arts from
Middlebury and WilUams CoUeges in 1803,
and that of Doctor of Laws from the former
in 1834.
Governor WilUams died very suddenly at
his residence in Rutland, March 9, 1853.
FAIRBANKS, ERASTUS.— Twice Gover
nor of the state, the signer of its prohibitory
law, which defeated him for re-election, but
eight years later elected the first of our
three war Governors, the founder, with his
brother Thaddeus, of the great firm of scale
manufacturers at St. Johnsbury, one of the
fathers of the Passumpsic R. R., and its
first president, was born in Brimfield, Mass.,
Oct. 28, 1792.
The early American ancestors of the Fair
banks family, Jonathan and Grace Fair
banks, came from Yorkshire, England, in
1633 and settled in Dedhara, Mass., where
the faraily raansion there erected stiU stands.
In Erastus Fairbanks, the sixth generation
in the line of descent, was seen the junc
tion of the quaUties of character in the early
New England settlers, energy, public spirit,
and clear reUgious convictions. Joseph Fair
banks, a fanner, carpenter, and mill owner,
was the father of the subject of this sketch,
and he came to Vermont and St. Johnsbury
in 1815, the son having preceded him by a few
years. Erastus Fairbanks' early means of edu
cation were very limited and confined wholly
to the coramon school of which he made un
common use. In referring to this period
¦of his early history he himself said of the
school where he studied : "I went thor
oughly through all the stages of the fresh
man, sophomore, junior, and senior classes
of this institution, and graduated at the age
of seventeen with a knowledge of the
branches there taught as a foundation. I
ever considered rayself a student at large,
capable of acquiring, and bound to acquire,
a knowledge of other sciences more or less
thoroughly, and an acquaintance with what
ever is requisite to qualify myself for any
caUing or station whicn in the providence of
God I may be called upon to occupy." For

a little while after leaving school he con
tinued his education by teaching for two
terms. Soon after, in 181 2, he accepted an
invitation from his uncle. Judge Ephriam
Paddock of St. Johnsbury to enter his office
as a student of law. A serious affection of
the eyes soon compelled him to abandon his
legal studies and engage in other pursuits.
He entered mercantile life as represented in
a country store, and continued in this for
eleven years in Wheelock, East St. Johns
bury, and Barnet. In these years he estab
lished a reputation for absolute integrity and
for interest in everything that concerned the
public welfare.
On the settlement of his affairs in Barnet,
he returned to St. Johnsbury and entered
into business with his next younger brother,
T'haddeus Fairbanks, as manufacturers of
stoves, plows, etc. In 1829 the brothers
added to their business the purchase and
preparation of hemp for market. The rude
and inaccurate mode of weighing their pur
chases led to the invention of the platform
scale by them. This invention, like most of
the discoveries that have revolutionized
methods of industry, was simple and easily
understood. The demand for the new scale
corapelled the brothers to relinquish other
business interests. The two raen were fitted
for partnership in the work and growth of a
great manufacturing establishraent. Thad
deus gave the strength of his inventive
genius to the improvement and manufacture
of the scale, whUe Erastus with his genius
for business, by original and far seeing
methods, secured a wide and solid financial
success, though they had their full share of
struggles and misfortunes. A fire and a
freshet in 1828 compelled thera to ask for a
two years extension frora their creditors,
which was cordially granted.
In 1836 Erastus Fairbanks was elected to
represent the town in the state Legislature,
and was re-elected for the two succeeding
years. In 1844, and again in 1848, he was
chosen a presidential elector for the state.
In 1848 he was appointed with Charles K.
WilUams and Lucius B. Peck to prepare a
general railroad law, and also one relating to
manufacturing corporations, and their report
StiU remains embodied in the statutes of the
state. In. 1852 he was elected Governor by
the Legislature, having faUen a few hundred
short of a majority in the popular vote, be
cause of the candidacy of Brainerd and the
Liberty party. In the closing days of the Leg
islature of that year the law for the prohibition
of the sale of intoxicating Uquors was passed ;
Governor Fairbanks signed it, and in conse
quence was defeated for re-election the next
year. The figures and particulars of that
interesting contest are given in the sketch of
Governor Robinson, his successful competi-

FAIRBANKS.

ROYCE.

91

tor. The Whigs desired to fight out the issue
in 1854 with Governor Fairbanks again as a
candidate, but he dechned a nomination
because of his business engagements.
In i860, however, the Republican con
vention unanimously made him its candi
date, and he was easily elected over John G.
Saxe, the poet. Democratic candidate. His
administration in 1861 secured for him a
reputation as a "man with a brain and con
science." By his energy and patriotism ;
he being "as lavish of his own time and
money as by was sparing of the people's ;
and as regardless of his private interests as
he was devoted to the public good," he
earned the name of the war Governor. War
meant loss of property and credits which the
firm had in the South, but he never wavered
for a moment in the conviction that the
Union must be sustained. He caUed an
extra session of the Legislature eight days
after the assault on Sumter, and it placed
^1,000,000 at his disposal without check on
his discretion, for the arming and forwarding
of troops, but at his earnest request a com
mittee was appointed at the October session
to audit his accounts, and on its report the
Legislature adopted a series of resolutions
highly complimentary to the abiUty and
patriotic devotion with which he had ex
ecuted the trust. The first six regiments of
the state, of the famous "Vermont Brigade,"
and the first company of sharp-shooters were
organized and mustered into the service
under his adrainistration. The Governor's
services aU through this trying period were
purely a patriotic offering. He decUned even
to draw his salary, such was his sentiment
on the subject, and it still remains in the
treasury a monument of his self-sacrifice.
As a man of business, he had the power
that easily assumes and carries on great op
erations. In 1850 he was active in the con
struction of the Passumpsic R. R., and
was for years president of the corapany. He
was also a leading and efficient member of
the company that constructed the Sault Ste.
Marie canal. He was always a man of deeds
rather than words. " A staid and stable cit
izen, a successful man of business, a dignified
and courteous Christian gentleman," is Colo
nel Benedict's description of him in " Ver
mont in the Civil War." A man of wide
reading, to which he devoted an hour every
day, of wide and practical information, in
tensely earnest in his convictions, and reso
lute in carrying them out, he was well
equipped in every way for success in both
private and public life.
He made work of public good, especiaUy
the interests of the town, an integral and a
necessary part of his business. Anything
that touched the community touched his in
terests. Probably his raost enduring reputa

tion is that of a business philanthropist.
Prominent araong his horae charities repre
sented in an active way raay be mentioned
the founding of the Academy, with his broth
ers ; and his endowments assist in maintain
ing the Athenaeum, the Museum of Natural
Science, and the North Church. From 1849
until his death, he was president of the Ver
mont Domestic Missionary Society, and for
many years was a corporate member of the
American Board of Foreign Missions.
He was married. May 30, 181 5, to Lois
Crossman, of Peacham. His married life
continued to within a few months of half a
century. They had nine chUdren, of whom
four now survive : Charles, Franklin, Sarah
(Mrs. C. M. Stone), and Emily (Mrs. C. L.
GoodeU). Governor Fairbanks died Nov. 20, 1864.
ROYCE, Stephen.— Governor in 1854
and 1855, for twenty-five years a member of
the Supreme Court of the state, and for six
years the chief justice, had some of the
brainiest and most patriotic blood of the
state in his veins, and belonged to a family
that for four generations has been distin
guished in Vermont affairs. He was the
grandson of Maj. Stephen Royce, a Revolu
tionary soldier and a member of the Dorset
convention that declared Vermont's inde
pendence, and son of that Stephen Royce,
also a Revolutionary soldier, who was Berk
shire's first representative in the Legislature.
On his mother's side he was a grandson of
Judge and Doctor Ebenezer Marvin, like
wise a Revolutionary officer, who was with
Ethan AUen at Ticonderoga, a surgeon in the
Continental army, judge of the county courts
in Rutland, Chittenden, and Franklin for six
teen years, and member of the Governor's
Council for eleven years. His nephew. Homer
E. Royce, was a member of Congress for
four years, and a judge of the Supreme
Court for nearly a generation, and for eight
years chief justice.
Governor Royce was born in Tinmouth,
August 12, 1787, but removed with his
parents to Huntsburgh (now Franklin), in
1 79 1, and two years later to the still newer
town of Berkshire where there were at the
time only two other families. His oppor
tunities for schooling in his early youth were
very meagre, but besides an able father he
had in his mother, Minerva Marvin Royce,
the best of teachers and character de
velopers, and at the age of thirteen he was
sent to Tinmouth to attend the comraon
school, and a year later began an academ
ical course at Middlebury under Charles
Wright, afterwards a famous clergyman, and
in 1803 entered Middlebury College, where
he graduated with the class of 1807 which
contained such a remarkable number of

92

ROYCE.

FLETCHER.

eminent men. Twice was he interrupted in
his academical and collegiate course by the
necessity of returning to the farm to work.
But he persevered, made his journey back to
college on foot, with packages of furs secured
in the wilderness, from which he obtained
the money for the purchase of necessary
books. After graduating at the age of twenty, he
taught district school for one term and
studied law with his uncle, Ebenezer Mar
vin, Jr., with whom he was afterwards in
partnership for a few years. He commen
ced practice at Berkshire, where he remained
two years, then for six years was at Sheldon,
representing the town in 1815 and 18 16, and
in 1 81 7 went to St. Albans, where he re
mained the rest of his life, pursuing his pro
fession with ever-increasing success until he
was caUed to the bench. St. Albans sent
him to the Legislature in 1822, 1823, and
1824 and as a delegate to the state constitu
tional convention in 1823. He was a mem
ber of the legislative committee in 1816 that
made a strong report in favor Of adopting
the constitutional amendment proposed by
North Carolina for choosing both presi
dential electors and congressraen by the dis
trict system, the same principle substantially
as has recently been tried in Michigan. He
was state's attorney for Franklin county from
1816 to 1818 and held the office of judge
during 1825 and 1826, when he declined a
re-election and resumed his professional
practice until 1829, when he was again
elected to the bench and continuously re
elected for twenty-three years until 1852,
rising to be chief justice in 1847, and hold
ing that position until he positively refused
a re-election. In 1854 the whigs nomi
nated him as their candidate for Governor
and he was easily elected.
In 1855 he was re-elected, and at the end
of his term retired to private life, passing
the remaining twelve years until his death,
Nov. II, 1868, in a serenity and weU-earned
contentment that made a beautiful picture,
with its easy hospitality, its enjoyment of
literature and social amenities, and its care
from kindred ; for, though he was never
married, his decUning years were attended
by nephews and nieces. His local attach
ments were deep, and among his later works
was a carefully written history of Berkshire,
though he did not Uve to complete it.
His personal appearance is described by
B. H. SraaUey as "taU, erect, with a vigorous
and well-proportioned frame, of a command
ing presence and a serene majesty of raan
ners. His face was mobile, expressive, and
strongly marked. The gleam of his mild gray
eye illuminated his countenance and revealed
every emotion whether grave or gay that was
passing within, moving the looker-on by a

sort of magnetic influence to sympathize
with him." Professionally his ideal of honor
was high.
He made it a rule never to accept a fee in
a case in whose justice he did not believe,
and if afterwards he was convinced it was
wrong, to comjDel the client to settle or
abandon the case. As a judge, he resem
bled Marshall and Chipman in his way
of stating a case, laying down the legal
principles and seldom referring to the books
for authority ; in other words, regarding the
law in its high relation as the science of
reason and right, which authorities can only
illuminate, not slavishly bind. He followed
this method even whUe confining himself to
the case before him and carefully avoiding
any essays upon law at large. He refused to
report cases where there were no new prin
ciples involved, and it is said that he also
refused to report sorae when he was satis
fied, upon reviewing the case, that his de
cision had been wrong, holding that it was
bad enough to have done injustice to an
individual without sending it out as a prece
dent for future wrongs. He had considera
ble trouble because of these omissions to
report, and the Legislature withheld a part of
his salary for a time, but without moving
him. Politically his career cannot be said to
have been a notable one. The times of his
prominence were not of a kind to call forth
great powers, and it is doubtful if his tem
perament was of a kind to strive in political
turmoil. He made a good and painstaking
Governor. FLETCHER, RylAND.— The first dis
tinctively Republican Governor of the state,
was born in Cavendish, Feb. 18, 1799, the
son of Dr. Asaph and Sally (Green) Fletcher.
His father who came from Westford, Mass.,
in 1787, had been a member of the conven
tion that framed the constitution of that state
and was a man of considerable prominence
both professionaUy and politicaUy in Ver
mont, being a judge, legislator, councilor
and presidential elector. One of the sons,
Richard, who studied law with Daniel Web
ster, and after whom one of the latter's sons
was named, represented Massachusetts in
Congress and was a judge of her Supreme
Court. Another, Rev. Horace Fletcher of
Townshend, was quite a distinguished Bap
tist clergyman. The family was of English
and Welsh origin and probably farther back
of French, and Rev. John Fletcher, the early
Methodist philologist and philosopher rank
ing next to Wesley himself for his influence
on religious thought, belonged to one branch
of it.
Ryland was the youngest of Dr. Fletcher's
children, had only a common school educa
tion, worked on his father's farm through his

FLETCHER.

HALL.

93

young manhood, teaching district school
winters, but by his soUd merits of mind and
character grew to be a man of local influence.
He was seized with the "western fever" in
1836, but after a few months' vain quest of
fortune in the several parts of the country,
was glad to return to old Vermont. He was
early identified with the raiUtia of the state,
joining the corapany at Cavendish at the age
of eighteen, being made a lieutenant the next
year, captain two years later, major in six
years more, then successively lieutenant-
colonel and colonel, until in 1835 he' was ap
pointed brigadier-general, resigning when he
went west. He became active as an anti-
slavery man as early as 1837, and was the
intimate associate of Garrison, Giddings,
Wilson, Tappan, Gerrit Smith, and John P.
Hale, in their work for the cause. He attend
ed the great meeting of the anti-slavery lead
ers in 1845, ^t Fanueil Hall, Boston, and was
with Henry Wilson present at the Philadel
phia meeting of the Native American or
Know-nothing leaders to launch a new party,
and he and Wilson were the only decided
anti-slavery men present, and after their elo
quent appeals to commit the proposed party
to this cause, the convention finally adjourned
in great excitement without accomphshing
the purpose for which it had been convened.
In 1854 the practical fusion through the
action of the state committees of the Whigs
with the Free Sellers and Liberty party men
resulted in the selection of Mr. Fletcher as
candidate for Lieutenant-Governor after the
nomination had been refused by Oscar L.
Shafter, and he was elected this year and in
1855 on the ticket with Governor Royce.
He distinguished himself as the presiding
officer of the Senate, and in 1856 was nomi
nated by the RepubUcans for the chief
magistracy, and was elected by a majority of
23,121 over Henry Keyes, Democrat, and
re-elected the next year with a majority of
23,688, also over Keyes. In his messages he
took strong ground for prohibition, and
recommended the appointraent of a board of
education, which was done. He began the
agitation for the establishment of a reform
school with the first gubernational recom
mendation to that effect. It was during his
adminstration that the state house was de
stroyed, and the location and construction
of the new one deterrained.
He retired from oflSce after trying respon
sibilities, with general agreement that his
record had been a clean and creditable one.
He was again summoned to the public ser
vice in 1861 and '62, when his town sent
him to the Legislature to give the weight of
his reputation and influence, as well as his
ability and experience, to the war measures
of the state. He of course exerted a large
power for good in this emergency. He was

also a member of the Constitutional Con
vention of 1870, and strongly favored the
policy of biennial elections. He was several
times a presidential elector and a delegate
to Republican national conventions. He
was identified with temperance work from a
very early period, gave many lectures on the
subject, and was for several years president
of the State Temperance Society. WhUe
colonel in the militia he induced the officers
of his regiment to pass a vote to abolish the
custom of "treating" on parade days. He
was prominent in the denominational work
of the Baptist church, and always active in
Sunday-school duties.
Governor Fletcher's distinction was won,
not as a man of brilUant abilities, but as one
of weU-balanced and well-poised character,
pure of purpose, high of aims, and sound of
judgment. .As a public speaker he was most
logical and convincing, without oratorical
display, but with a power of pointed illustra
tion and sirapUcity and clearness of state
ment that went straight to the understanding
of the ordinary audience.
Governor Fletcher wedded, June 11, 1829.
Mary, daughter of Eleazer May of West
minster. Of the three children of this union
only one. Col. Henry A. Fletcher, Lieuten
ant-Governor of the state in 1890, survives.
Governor Fletcher himself died Dec. 19,
1885, at ProctorsviUe.
HALL, Hiland.— Governor in i858-'59,
for ten years a
; congr e s s m a n ,
ComptroUer of
the United
States Treasury
for about a year
more, and per
haps the most
indefatigable of
the state's his
torians, certain
ly the most fruit-
ful in results,
was born in Ben
nington July 20,
I 1795, the eldest
of seven chil
dren of Deacon Nathaniel and Abigail
(Hubbard) HaU. He was descended on
both sides frora good EngUsh stock, from
ancestors who were among the first settlers
of Middletown, Conn., going there from
Boston in 1650.
Hiland was brought up on a farm, receiv
ing only a comraon school education with
one finishing term at the GranvUle, N. Y.,
Academy. But he had besides the best of
all education, in an experience of several
terms, with all its power of development and
discipline, as a district school teacher. .And

/»*« j^.

94

HALL.

HALL.

he was from early youth an omniverous
reader, especially along historical and bio
graphical lines, absorbing the contents of
every book he could get in the neighbor
hood, often by the light of coals on the
hearth of an old-fashioned fireplace, even
candles at that time being a luxury. He
was a born patriot, and at the age of eigh
teen was interested in the formation of the
" Sons of Liberty," a society of young men
in Bennington to uphold the rigorous prose
cution of the war of 1812, and in protest
against the pro-English sympathy that was
then so rarapant in New England.
Studying law, he was admitted to the bar
in 1 819, and continued its practice through
his active life at Bennington, except when
caUed away by official duties. He repre
sented the town in the Legislature in 1827,
was clerk of the Supreme and county court
for Bennington county in 1828, and was
state's attorney in i828-'3i. On the forma
tion of party lines afresh, after the "era of
good feeling" under Monroe, he espoused
the cause of the National RepubUcans dur
ing the brief existence of that party under
John Quincy Adams, then becarae a whig,
and finally a RepubUcan. In 1833, on the
death of Hon. Jonathan Hunt, he was
elected to succeed hira in Congress and rep
resented the old south district of the Senate
for ten years, when he dechned a renomina
tion, and attempted to return to private life.
His service in Congress was a laborious
rather than a speechmaking one, his com
mittee places being q,n that of postoffice and
post roads, and Revolutionary claims.
His chief speeches were in May, 1834,
joining the attack on President Jackson's
removal of the government deposits from the
national bank, and in May, 1836, favoring
the distribution of the surplus among the
states, frora which Vermont received nearly
$100,000 as her portion to be added to the
school fund of the towns. Both these speech
es were printed and extenivesly circulated by
the Whigs as campaign documents. In one
of the premonitory struggles over the slavery
question, he presented a strong minority re
port on "incendiary publications" in oppo
sition to the message of the President and
the advice of the Postmaster-Creneral and in
answer to a report made in the Senate by
Mr. Calhoun, of South Carolina. So thor
oughly and convincingly did it answer the
position of the slave party that the majority
of the committee did their best to suppress it
by faiUng to make a majority report. But
it found its way into the newspapers and was
widely pubUshed and commented on.
Mr. HaU did an important and permanent
service in connection with the act of July 22,
1836, in procuring the passage of which he
took an active and leading part and by which

in the reorganization of the postoffice depart
ment a system for which the settlement of
accounts was established, which inaugurated
an economical administration.
He made a big and single-handed and tri
umphant fight against the fraudulent claims
which had for years been put in by Virgin
ians under the name of commutation half
pay and bounty land claims, founded on al
leged promises of the state of Virginia or of
the Continental Congress to officers of the
Revolutionary army. It was an organized
raid led by influential Virginians, Governors
and congressmen, and had been jDushed
through Congress with little opposition, so
that over $3,000,000 had been coUected in
the names of deceased officers, and the de
mands were fast multiplying. Mr. HaU's
habit of thorough and exhaustive investiga
tion stood him in good stead in this fight.
He went through the Revolutionary archives
at Washington and the public records at
Richmond, he found authentic evidence that
every one of these claims was unfounded,
and he made a report as chairman of the
committee on Revolutionary claims to this
effect. The whole Virginia delegation, led
by ex-Governor Gilmer, who was getting i
per cent on aU he could collect of these
claims, aided by their sectional sympathizers
in the South and political in the North, at
tacked him bitterly and atterapted a re
opening of the case by raeans of a select
committee. Hall in response gave a list of
sixteen of the last claims that had been paid,
and on which over $200,000 had been drawn,
chaUenged the Virginians to show that a
single one was well or honestly founded and
offered to withdraw his opposition if they
could. The fight lasted through several days.
Mr. HaU sustained every position he had
taken in the debate, and so thoroughly dis
comfited his assailants as to win the plaudits
of ex-President Adams and of the whole
country. The result was a select coramittee
and a report frora it prepared by Mr. Hall
which definitely suppressed the rascality.
He was president of the large "Whig"
convention held in Burlington in 1840, and
raade the opening speech, and introduced to
and presented Hon. Daniel Webster at the
famous " Stratton Whig convention," held on
the top of the Green Mountain on the i6th
of August of the same year.
He was bank commissioner of Vermont
for four years, from 1843, judge of the Su
preme Court for a Uke period untU 1850,
when he was apjDointed second controller of
the United States Treasury. He had an
opportunity while in the latter position to do
the country a permanent ser\ice, and to lay
down lines which have since been foUowed
in departmental practice. He took the
ground that he should, if satisfied of the

HALL.

HALL.

95

iUegality of an expenditure, reject it, no
matter who ordered it, even if the head of a
department, or if sanctioned by the Presi
dent himseU. He held this ground against
the pubUshed opinion of three former attor
ney generals. He showed conclusively that
judicial authority had been designedly con
ferred on the accounting officers as a check
upon lavish expenditures in the several de-
jDartments, and a second edition of his pub
lished opinion, which has since been followed
in the department, has recently been printed
for government use.
In 185 1 he was appointed by President
FiUmore, with Gen. Jaraes Wilson of New
Harapshire, and Judge H. I. Thornton of
Alabama, a land commissioner for Cali
fornia, resigned his position as controUer,
recommending for his successor, Edward J.
Phelps of Burlington. He was chairraan of
the commission and wrote the opinion in
the famous Mariposa claim of Gen. J. C.
Freemont, which included almost without
exception, aU the points that would be liable
to arise in the adjusting of land clairas
under the treaty with Mexico. After the
election of President Pierce, he remained
for a time in San Francisco with the law
finn of HaUeck, Peachy, Billings & Park as
general adviser, and to assist in the prepara
tion of important papers.
He returned to Vermont in the spring of
1854, and resumed the practice of his pro
fession at Bennington, was a delegate to the
first Republican national convention at Phila
delphia in 1856, and in 1858 was elected
Governor by a majority of 16,322 over
Henry Keyes, Democrat, and re-elected in
1859 by a still larger raajority, 16,717, over
John G. Saxe, Democrat. He spoke severely
in his message of the attempt, by a decision
of the Supreme Court, to legalize slavery in
the Territories, he pronounced the decision
in the " Dred Scott " case as " extra judicial,
and as contrary to the plain language of the
constitution, to the facts of history and to
the distastes of common humanity." He,
however, acted as chairman of the delega
tion from Vermont to the fruitless " Peace
Congress," at Washington in February, 1861,
on the eve of the rebellion.
Mr. Hall always took a deep interest in
the history connected with the territory and
state of Vermont. He delivered the first
annual address that was made before the
Vermont Historical Society ; and for six years,
from 1859, was its president and was after
wards active in the preparation of the mate
rials for a number of the volumes of its col
lections, and otherwise promoting its success.
He read several papers at the meetings of
the society, some of which were pubUshed ;
among them, one in 1869, in vindication of
Ethan Allen as the hero of Ticonderoga, in

refutation of an attempt raade in the " Galaxy
Magazine " to rob hira of that honor. He
contributed papers to the " New York His
torical Magazine," to the " A'ermont Histori
cal Gazetteer," to the " Philadelphia Histori
cal Record," and also to the "New England
Historic Genealogical Register." In i860,
he read before the New York Historical
Society a joaper showing why the early inhabi
tants of Vermont disclaimed the jurisdiction
of New York, and estabUshed a separate
government. In 1868, his " Early History of Vermont,"
a work of over five hundred pages, was pub
lished, in which is unanswerably shown the
necessity of the separation of the inhabitants
from the government of New York ; their
justification in the struggle they maintained
in the establishraent of their state independ
ence, and their valuable services in the cause
of .American liberty during the Revolutionary
war. In it the loyalty of aU the important
acts of the leaders is so firmly established by
documentary evidence, that he was confi
dent no aspersion could be maintained
reflecting upon the patriotism of any of
the early heroes. NaturaUy he has also
taken a leading part in the rearing of the
Bennington battle monument.
The honorary degree of LL. D. was con
ferred upon him by the University of Ver
mont in 1859. He was a life member and
vice-president for Vermont of the New Eng
land Historic Genealogical Society, a mem
ber of the Long Island Historical Society, an
honorary meraber of the Buffalo and corres
ponding member of the New York Histori
cal Societies.
Mr. HaU was possessed of the qualities
which go to make up a statesman ; a strong
mind stored with good common sense, a re
tentive meraory, and a practical raode of
thinking. His flow of language as an ex
temporaneous speaker was deficient, but at
the desk he exceUed, as formulated thoughts
and moulded ideas flowed as freely as could
be readily written, and in whatever position
he was placed he was found equal to any
exigency which arose, as his fund of inforraa
tion extended to aU branches of national,
constitutional or international research.
He married- in 181 8, Dolly Tuttle Davis,
daughter of Henry Davis of Rockingham.
She died Jan. 8, 1879. Henry Davis was at
the battle of Bunker Hill under Colonel
Stark at the line of rail fence, and also served
at West Point at the time of Arnold's trea
sonable attempt to surrender it to the enemy,
being in the Revolutionary service over
three years. At a family reunion in North
Bennington, July 20, 1885, in honor of Mr.
Hall, at the residence of his granddaughter,
on which day he was ninety years of age, there
were present fifty-one of his descendants.

96

DILLINGHAM.

there being five others who were detained
from this interesting gathering.
Governor HaU died in Springfield, Mass.,
at the house of his son, with whom he was
spending the winter, Dec. i8, 1885.
SMITH, JOHN GREGORY.— The third of
the war Governors of the state, the organizer
and the head for years of the great Central
Vermont railroad system, and one of the pro
jectors of the Northern Pacific, was for
nearly thirty years the most potent person
aUty in Vermont affairs. He was born at St.
Albans, July 22, 1818, and was the son of
John Smith, a pioneer railroad builder in
Vermont, and a leading lawyer and public
man of his generation, representing St. Al
bans nine successive years in the Legislature
and serving one term in Congress. The
family came from Barre, Mass. John Greg
ory graduated frora the University of Ver-
raont in 1841, and subsequently frora the
Yale law school. He at once associated with
his father in the practice of law and inci
dentally in railroad management.
At the death of his father in 1858 John
Gregory succeeded to the position of trustee
under the lease of the Vermont & Canada
R. R. Simultaneously he entered politics,
and for many years the career in each line
was involved with the other. The roads ran
down so that in 1865 trust bonds began to
be issued to provide for repairs, and from
this Governor Smith advanced to a large
poUcy of " development " forming by leases
and purchases a great " through systera of
roads, all under the authority " of the court
of chancery, and as an extension of the
policy of repairs. The emissions of "trust"
bonds continued till 1872, when $4,356,600
were out. When the financial panic struck
the country, these structures tumbled, the
rent payment to the Vermont & Canada
was defaulted, notes went to protest, a legis
lative investigation was held, and a long and
complicated litigation ensued. Governor
Smith and his management, generally speak
ing, came out of the courts successful, but
before the end was reached a compromise
was effected by which new securities were
issued to the different interests and the
" Consolidated Railway of Vermont " formed,
still under Smith's management. He was
one of the originators of the Northern Pacific
railroad enterprise and was the president of
the corporation from 1866 to 1872, when he
retired amid the troubles that were thicken
ing about both companies. Under his lead
five hundred and fifty-five miles of the road
were built.
He entered the Legislature as St. Albans'
representative in i860, and in '61 and '62
was speaker of the House, winning such
popularity that he was unanimously nom

inated for Governor in 1863 and re-elected
in '64. And none are there to deny the high
quaUty of his service to the state and nation
in those days. He was the friend and con
fidant of Lincoln and Stanton. He was par
ticularly soUcitous in caring for the Vermont
boys at the front, and his many deeds of
kindness won hira m.any enthusiastic and
life-long admirers. He was chairman of
the state delegation to the national Re
publican conventions in 1872, 1880, and
1884. After his retirement from the Gover
nor's chair he held no pubUc office, though
for about twenty years he was the master of
Vermont poUtics.
He was frequently afterward talked of for
a seat in the United States Senate, particu
larly in 1886, when quite a breezy little fight
was made for him, and again in 1891 after
Edmunds' resignation. But in both cases
he withdrew his name.
He was a very remarkable man — shrewd,.
far-seeing, persuasive, and yet iron-handed
in his determination to carry his purposes.
He had a wonderful faculty, with his wide
knowledge of human nature and his singu
lar affability of manner, of winning other
men to his support, and his marked execu
tive ability made successful the schemes he
was so facile in organizing and inaugurating.. '
He was prominently interested in several
local business enterprises, and was president
of Welden National Bank, the People's Trust
Co., and the Franklin County Creamery
Association. He was a life-long member of
the Congregational church, and a liberal
giver for church purposes, a late contribution
being a gift of some $7,000 for remodeling-
the church edifice. In 1888 he gave the
village of St. Albans an elegant bronze foun
tain costing $5,000, which now adorns the
public park. His palatial residence in St.
Albans has been the scene of many gather
ings, at which Governor and Mrs. Smith.
have dispensed a courteous hospitality. He-
married in 1842, Ann Eliza, daughter of Hon.
Lawrence Branerd, who has written several
novels and other charming books and who
survives him with five children : George G.,.
in business at Miniieapolis, Minn., Edward
C, president of the Central Vermont R. R.,.
Mrs. C. O. Steven of Boston, and Mrs. Rev.
D. S. Mackay of St. Albans.
Governor Smith died at St. Albans, after a.
month's illness, Nov. 6, 1891.
DILLINGHAM, Paul. — Congressman,.
Governor, and a lawyer of singular power
and eloquence, was born at Shutesbury,.
Mass., August 10, 1799, the son of Paul
and Hannah (Smith) DiUingham, and of a
family that traces back to the Winthrop
colony in American history, that had brave-
officers, the direct ancestors of the Gover-

DILLINGHAM.
nor, in both the French and the Revolution
ary wars, and that has always been marked
by that fervent patriotism and usually by the
reUgious earnestness so characteristic of hira.
Paul's father, a farraer, moved from
Shutesbury to Waterbury when the boy was
only six years old. The latter was educated
in the Washington county grammar school,
studied law at Middlebury in the office of
Dan Carpenter, was admitted to the bar in
March, 1823, and formed a partnership with
his preceptor, which lasted until the latter's
elevation to the bench. For fifty-two years.

DILLINGHAM.

97

until his retirement in 1875, he was in the
constant practice of his profession, except
for the interruptions by his public service,
and as a jury advocate he was at the head of
a bar that for a full generation was among
the ablest the state ever contained, and
ranked perhaps as the first in the state.
As a Supreme Court lawyer he was not so
great, though strong. A fine presence, six
feet tall and weighing over two hundred
pounds, with a kindly bearing, manly frank
ness and dignified simplicity, an eye beam
ing with magnetic quality, a voice " musical
and sweet as a flute in its lower cadences,
but in passion or excitement resounding like
the rausic of a bugle," were only the exter
nals of his power. The real secret was a
nature rich with human sympathy. A knowl
edge of men and of affairs gathered in a long
and observant contact, was illuminated by a
mind fertUe in poetic conceptions, apt illus
trations and happy anecdotes, and deepened
and strengthened by a profound study of the

Scriptures to enforce his thought. .As B. F.
Fifield says in a sketch of him : " When in
his best mood, he played upon the strings of
raen's hearts with the facility that a skilled
musician plays upon the strings of a guitar,
and made them respond to emotions of
laughter, anger, syrapathy or sorrow, when
ever he pleased and as best suited the pur
poses of his case."
He was town clerk of Waterbury from
1829 to '44; representative to the Legisla
ture in 1833, '34, '37, '38 and '39; state's
attorney for Washington county in 1835, '36
and '37 ; a raeraber of the Constitutional
Conventions of 1836, '57 and '70 ; state sen
ator of Washington county in 1841, '42 and
'61 ; and in 1843 ^^^ elected member of
Congress, where he served two terms, and
was on the committee on the judiciary. In
1862, '63 and '64 he was Lieutenant-Gov
ernor, and in 1865 and '66 Governor of the
state. He was one of the leaders of the state
Democracy, in what may be caUed its golden
era inteUectually, though it was a hopeless
minority ; and when a state convention raet
with Saxe, Eastman, Dillingham, SmaUey,
Kellogg, Stoughton, Thomas, Field, Chit
tenden, Poland, Redfield, Davenport and
others, to flash their wit and eloquence
across it, and with Hawthorne frequently
coming up from Massachusetts to partake of
the comraunion, there was apt to be a "feast
of reason and flow of soul," such as no other
poUtical organization in the state before or
since has witnessed. While in Congress Mr.
DilUnghara was the only Democrat on the
delegation. He strongly favored the admis
sion of Texas, and the policy that led to the
Mexican war, not that he had any syrapathy
¦with slavery, but because he was a beUever
in the manifest-destiny doctrine, and one of
his speeches predicted the territorial growth
and expanding greatness of his country in
words that were almost prophetic.
Mr. DiUingham's personal power was a
large factor in making that section of the
state so strongly Democratic. But the firing
on Sumter shattered in a moment the
political affiliations of a life-time. With a
nature Uke his it was irapossible for patriot
ism to take any other course. He would go
to the utmost verge in concessions under
the constitution to keep the South content
in the Union and this sarae intense love of
the Union would lead him to Uke sacrifice
when once the blow of rebellion was struck.
He couldn't see why any Democrat should
fail to take that view. He wanted party
lines obliterated entirely and the whole
North to stand solid in support of the national
administration. He, of course, received a
warm welcorae into the Republican ranks.
He was a leader in the state Senate in the

98

PAGE.

war measures of 1861, and the next year his
services were recognized with the nomina
tion for Lieutenant-Governor, and after
three years' service in this position with that
for chief executive in '65 and '66. The can
didate against hira both years was his old
poUtical friend, Charles N. Davenport.
Governor DiUingham's majority in '65 was
16,714 and in '66 22,822. The great mon
ument of his administration is the estabUsh
ment of the reform school, which he recom
mended in his first message. He was a
member of the Constitutional Convention
of 1870 and with this his pubUc service
closed. He retired frora law practice in
1875 and lived for fifteen years more, in se
rene and weU earned leisure, dying at
Waterbury July 26, 1891.
He was for many years an influential lay
man of the Methodist church, and was the
first lay delegate from the Vermont confer
ence to the quadrennial general conference
in Brooklyn, N. Y., in May, 1872, where he
took a high position.
Governor DiUingham was twice married,
first to Sarah P., eldest daughter of his friend,
preceptor, and partner, Dan Carpenter. She
died Sept. 20, 1831, and Sept. 5, 1832, he
married her younger sister, Julia. Seven
children, three daughters and four sons, lived
to reach maturity. One daughter, who died
in 1875, married J. F. Lamson of Boston,
and another the great senator, Matthew H.
Carpenter of Wisconsin, while the other is
unmarried. Two of the sons entered the
army : Col. Charles, president of the Hous
ton & Texas Central R. R., and Major Edwin,
who was killed at W^inchester. Frank is a
citizen of San Francisco, Cal., while WiUiam
P., Governor of the state in '88 and '90, is
still practicing law at \Vaterbury and Mont
pelier. PAGE, John B. — Governor, state treas
urer, and for a generation prorainent in
Verraont raUroading, was born in Rutland,
Feb. 25, 1826, the son of Williara and Cyn
thia (Hickok) Page. Educated in the pub
lic schools, and at Burr and Burton Semi
nary at Manchester, he was called at the age
of sixteen to assist his father, then cashier
of the old bank at Rutland, to which office
the son of John B. succeeded later, and so
became a banker, and was raany years presi
dent of the National Bank of Rutland, the
reorganized form of the old state bank. He
became interested in the Rutland & Bur
lington R. R., by being appointed one of
the trustees of the second mortgage bond
holders, and upon the reorganization of the
property as the Rutland Railroad Co., was
made president. He was for a time co
trustee with Hon. T. W. Park of the Ben
nington & Rutland R. R., and later was

PAGE.
associated with Hon. J. Gregory Smith as
vice-president of the Central Vermdnt. He
was a director of the Champlain Transporta
tion Co., and various other raUroad enter
prises, and also in the Caughnawauga Ship
Canal project for connecting Lake Cham
plain and the St. Lawrence, etc.
He was instrumental in the transfer of
the shops of the Howe Scale Co., from

Brandon to Rutland, of which company he
was the treasurer. He was in 1852 elected
a representative to the General Assembly of
Vermont at the age of twenty-six, and re
elected for the sessions of 1853 and 1854.
In i860 he was elected state treasurer and re
ceived successive re-elections annually till
1866, and was during this time allotment com
missioner by appointraent of President
Lincoln. He originated the plan for the
payraent of the extra state pay voted by
Vermont to her soldiers, $7 per month, and
disbursed during his term as treasurer a
total of $4,635,150.80 for railitary expenses.
In 1867 he was elected Governor and re
elected in 1868, serving with judgment and
ability through the critical period after the
war. He was again elected representative from
Rutland in 1880 and took the place for the
purpose of furthering some important meas
ures that he had become interested in.
Chief among these was a comprehensive
scheme of tax reform, which is the founda
tion of our present corporation law, and with
which he wished also to include a plan for
the taxation of personal property like that

WASHBURN.

WASHBURN.

99

¦of Connecticut. He made a strong fight for
these ideas with the influential vested in
terests of the state mustered against him,
and he lived to see them afterwards incor
porated into its laws.
He was a member of the Congregational
church, for many years a deacon and super
intendent of the Sunday school, a corporate
member of the American Board of Com
missioners for Foreign Missions and was in
strumental in having the meeting of that
-society, the only one ever convened in the
state, held at Rutiand in 1874. During this
meeting he led in the movement which
resulted m the establishment of a Christian
College in Japan which the late Joseph
Neesima projected. His strong personality
was illustrated by his advocacy and accom
plishment, at a meeting of this society at
Providence, of an effort to pay off a debt of
over $70,000.
He was one of the most public-spirited of
men and had always in mind the welfare of
his town and state. In his young manhood
he was foreman of the Nickwackett Engine
¦Co., one of the oldest organizations of fire
men in the state. He pushed the erection
of the commodious Congregational church
in i860, building for future generations, and
largely aided in the construction of the
chapel addition, the two united forming,
perhaps, the most complete church property
in the state. He died Oct. 24, 1885, and is
buried near Rutland in Evergreen cemetery,
a " city " which he helped to purchase and
adorn. WASHBURN, PETER T.— Governor, ad
jutant and inspector-general during the war,
and one of that brUliant group of lawyers
that made Woodstock famous through so
many years, was born at Lynn, Mass., Sept.
7, 1 8 14, the eldest son of Reuben and Han
nah B. (Thacher) Washburn. There was
distinguished ancestry on both sides. John
Washburn, the sixth generation back, was
secretary of the Massachusetts Bay Co.,
while in England. Joseph Washburn, his
grandson, raarried a granddaughter of Mary
ChUton, the first female member of the PU-
grim band that stepped upon Plymouth
Rock. The Thachers were for several gen
erations dstinguished preachers in Massa
chusetts. In 18 1 7 the father of Peter T. Wash
burn moved to Vermont, first settUng at
Chester, then at Cavendish, and finally at
Ludlow. Young Peter graduated at Dart
mouth in 1835, studied law first under the
direction of his father, then for a time in the
office of Senator Uphara at MontpeUer, was
admitted to the bar in 1838, and began prac
tice at Ludlow, moving in 1844 to Wood
stock where he forraed a partnership with

Charles P. Marsh which continued until the
death of the latter in 1870. Mr. Washburn
was in 1844 elected reporter of the decisions
of the Supreme Court of Vermont, holding
the position for eight years with high credit.
He represented Woodstock in, the Legisla
tures of 1853 and '54. But his chief ener
gies had been devoted to his professional
work, with ever growing reputation, until the
breaking out of the war in 1861. He had
been chairman of the Vermont delegation
to the RepubUcan national convention that
in i860 nominated Lincoln and Hamlin.
He was then in command of the Woodstock
Light Infantry, a company of citizen soldiers
who at once proffered their services to their
country, and on the ist of May marched to
Rutland where it was incorporated with the
First Vermont Regiment. Washburn was
commissioned Ueutenant-colonel, but acted
as colonel during its entire period of service.
In October, 1861, he was elected adjutant
and inspector-general of Vermont and untU
the war closed devoted hiraself to its arduous
duties, foreseeing their iraportance to the
future, bringing order and system out of
chaos and making it the model adjutant's
office of the country. He was often Ukened
by his admirers to Stanton for the energy,
force and intellectual grasp with which he
performed the duties ofhis office.
He was in 1869 elected Governor by a
majority of 22,822 over Homer W. Heaton,
the Democratic candidate, and died in
office February 7, 1870. He had simply
worn himself into the grave by overwork in
the excess of his faithfulness to duty. No
trace of disease, organic or functional, could
be found by the physicians after his death.
The decision was that there had been a
complete breaking down of the nervous sys
tera. He was at the time preparing a digest
of all of the decisions of the Supreme Court
from the beginning, and had worked his
way through thirty-eight of the forty-one
volumes of the Vermont reports when his
labors were interrupted.
The able, painstaking and widely varied
service he had done the state were ap
preciated at his taking off, and have been
raore so since. "He was our Carnot, in or
ganizing and adrainistrative talents, our
Louvois in energy and executive force," said
the Rutland Herald, in speaking of his ser
vice as war adjutant Thorough, studious,
accurate, absolutely incorruptible, inflexibly
just, judicious and kindly, he was a raan the
people could not fail to admire.
Governor Washburn was twice married,
first to Almira E. Ferris of Swanton, and
second to Almira P. Hopkins of Glens FaUs,
N. Y. Two children by tbe first wife died
young, but two daughters and a son by the
second marriage survived his decease, as
did the widow.

CONVERSE.

PECK.

CONVERSE, Julius.— Governor and
another Woodstock lawyer, was born at
Stafford, Conn., Dec. 17, 1798, the fourth
son of Joseph and Mary (Johnson) Con
verse. The family was of French origin, the
primary orthography being De Coigners, but
emigrated to England centuries ago, and the
American ancestor, Dea. Edward Converse,
came with Winthrop's colony in 1630. The
Governor's grandfather and ' great-grand
father. Lieutenant Josiah and Major James
Converse, were renowned in the Indian wars
of Massachusetts.
Joseph Converse, father of the subject of
this sketch and a farmer, carae to Vermont
and settled at Randolph in 1801. Julius
was educated in the common schools and at
Randolph Academy, studied law in the
office of W'illiara Nutting at Randolph, was
adraitted to the Orange county bar in 1826,
and settled first at Bethel, whence he re
raoved in 1840 to Woodstock. At Bethel
he was for several years in partnership with
A. P. Hunton, afterwards speaker of the
lower house of the Legislature in i86o-'62.
At Woodstock he formed a connection with
Andrew Tracy and later with Jaraes Barrett,
the firms of 'Tracy & Converse, Tracy, Con
verse & Barrett, and after Mr. Tracy's elec
tion to Congress, Tracy & Barrett, being
among the strongest in the state. After Mr.
Barrett's elevation to the Supreme Court
Mr. Converse formed a partnership with W.
C. French which continued until 1865, and
after that Mr. Converse's practice was alone
and within comparatively narrow limits. As
a lawyer he was particularly strong in the
careful preparation of his cases and as a
cross-examiner of witnesses. He also ex
celled in chancery practice.
He several times represented Bethel in the
Legislature and was a member from Wind
sor county of the first Senate in 1836, and
three times re-elected to that body. He also
represented Woodstock several times, and
was state's attorney for Windsor county from
1844 to '47. In 1850 and '51 he was elected
Lieutenant-Governor on the ticket with
Gov. Charles K. WiUiaras. For the next
twenty years he was out of public life until
in 1872, when nearly seventy-four years old,
he was suddenly and unexpectedly norai
nated for Governor, being taken up to defeat
Frederick Billings, a purpose that was ac
comphshed by a narrow majority of one after
a hard fight in the RepubUcan state conven
tion. Mr. Converse was traveling outside of
the state at the time, and the first he knew
of his candidacy was when he read about the
noraination in the raorning papers. He was
elected by a majority of 25,319 over A.B.
Gardner, ex-Lieutenant Governor, who had
joined the Liberal Republican movement of
that year, and whom the Greeleyites and

Democrats had nominated in high hopes of
cutting the Republican majority down to
1 0,000. His administration was without
notable incident.
Governor Converse was twice raarried,
first in 1827 to Melissa, daughter of Henry
Arnold of Randolph, who died two raonths
after his inauguration as Governor, Dec. 14,
1872. June 12, 1873, he wedded Jane E.,
daughter of Joseph Martin, and a daughter
was the issue of this second union.
Governor Converse died, August 16, 1885,
at Di.xviUe Notch, N. H.
PECK, ASAHEL.— Judge of the Su
preme Court
and Gover nor,
was born at Roy-
alsto n, Mas s.,
September, 1 803,
the son of Squire
and Eliza b e t h
(Goddard) Peck
of Puritan ances
try on both sides.
The family rec
ord can be
traced back from
Joseph Peck, the
first American
anc estor, for
twenty-one gen
erations to John Peck, Esq., of Beiton,
Yorkshire, England, probably farther than
that of any other A'ermont family. His
father carae to Vermont and settled at Mont
pelier when Asahel was only three years old.
Asahel's youth was passed on the farm,
where he developed the sturdy vigor, men
tal, raoral and physical, that was so marked
throughout his career. He was educated in
the common schools and fitted at the Wash
ington county grammar school to enter the
sophomore class of the University of Ver
mont in 1824; but he did not graduate,
leaving in his senior year at the invitation of
the president of a French college in Canada,
for a course of study in the French language
in the family of the latter. He studied law
in the office of his oldest brother, Nathan
Peck, at Hinesburgh, and one of the leading
lawyers of that section, and afterward for a
year or two in the office of Bailey & Marsh
at BurUngton. He was admitted to the bar
in March, 1832, practiced alone for a while
and afterward in partnership with Archibald
Hyde and later with D. A. SmaUey.
He was a man of solid rather than brilliant
parts, but he made his way steadily. E. P.
Walton says that it was "characteristic of him
that he was slow in everything, but in the
end he was almost always sure to be right
and that he regarded as the only point worth
gaining. He was a thorough and patient

PECK.

FAIRBANKS.

¦Student. * * Possessing a tenacious mem-
¦Ory, he held firmly all that he had secured in
years of study, and could instantly bring his
great store of learning to bear upon any legal
¦question presented to him." One critic has
.said that no man in New England since Judge
Story has equaUed him in knowledge of the
•coraraon law of England and the law of
equity. He and Rufus Choate were once
pitted against each other in a case, and that
wonderful genius of the profession professed
astonishraent to find such a lawyer in Ver
mont, and besought him to move to Boston,
where he would surely win both fame and
fortune. But there were higher things in life
for Peck and he persisted in staying in Ver
mont, whose practice he believed was the
best in the Union to develop a lawyer of
really great attainments.
He was judge of the circuit court from
185 I tiU it ceased in 1857. In i860 he was
elected a judge of the Suprerae Court under
the present system and held the position con
tinuously, though desiring toward the end to
retire, until his election as Governor in 1874.
He was nominated then in response to a
strong demand from the people and against
the calculations of the old line of managing
poUticians. He did not, however, make
such radical recommendations on the ques
tions of the day, especially with regard to the
regulation of railroads, as some of his sup
porters had expected. But generally speak
ing, his administration was able, sound and
deeper in its impress on the opinion of the
people than that of almost any Governor of
recent years. He strongly urged in his mes
sage the establishraent of the house of cor
rection to supply a serious lack "i'n the
means of the suppression of crime and the
punishment and reform of criminals," and
he may justly be caUed the father of that in
stitution. On his retireraent from the gubernatorial
¦chair Judge Peck retired to his farm in Jer
icho, where he lived in the enjoyment of
rural life, of which he was passionately fond,
•untU his death May 18, 1879.
In politics Judge Peck was by nature and
¦early affiUations a Democrat. But the ag
gressions of the slaveocracy early disgusted
him, and he became a Free Soiler in 1848,
being a member of the famous Buffalo con
vention that norainated Van Buren and
Adams ; and after the formation of the Free
Democracy or Liberty party he identified
himself with it, was its candidate for Con-
¦gress in the Burlington district, and naturally
was one of the pioneers in the formation of
the Republican party. His patriotism was
of the uncompromising kind, and during the
¦war he had little patience with the assaUants
¦of the administration. A western lawyer of
•copperheadish proclivities who had been a

student in his office in forraer years,, and
knew his reverence for law and all legal
safeguards of the individual, met him one
day in Burlington, and speaking of the Val-
landingham or some similiar case, asked,
"How long are such outrages to be endured ?"
"What outrages?" demanded the Judge.
"The arrest and imprisonment of American
citizens without process of law." The Judge
replied, "I don't know what this case is, but
I do know one thing, that a good many more
men are out of jail who ought to be in, than
in who ought to be out." The reply was
evidently aimed at the coUoquist individ
ually and he subsided. Judge Peck was too
great a lawyer, too large-minded a man to
allow the forms of law to outweigh the es
sentials of right and justice.
Personally he was a most lovable man,
tender and chivalric almost to the point of
fault, as it soraetiraes seemed, when as a
judge he was accused of "riding" cases in
favor of the weaker party, especially if a
woraan — modest, kindly, and unostentatious
— with a side of poetic beauty to his rugged
nature, with its positive integrity. He was
profoundly religious, and Gov. W. P. DiU
ingham, who was his secretary of civU and
railitary affairs, says that he was one of the
best biblical students he ever raet, that he
would sit up until nearly midnight talking of
religious matters, of the lofty purity of Isaiah
and of the mission of Christ, whose divinity,
in his opinion, was better attested by His
character and by the fact that through Hira
the Gospel is preached to the poor, than by
His miracles.
Governor Peck was never raarried.
FAIRBANKS, HORACE. -Governor and
son of a Governor, was born at Barnet,
March 21, 1820, coraing with the family to
St. Johnsbury five years later. The general
facts about the family are given in the
sketch of Gov. Erastus Fairbanks on page
89. Horace was the second son of Erastus
and Lois (Crossman) Fairbanks, was edu
cated in the comraon schools and at the ac
ademies in Peacham and Lyndon, Meriden,
N. H., and Andover, Mass. At the age of
eighteen he took a clerkship in the firm of
E. & T. Fairbanks & Co., became active
partner in 1843, ^nd finally the financial
manager of its extensive business, whose
annual product he saw grow from $50,000 to
$3,000,000, and force of workmen from forty
to six hundred. He was from the beginning
identified 'with the construction of the Port
land & Odgensburg R. R., almost the father
of the idea, the piloter of the charter through
the New Harapshire Legislature, and the
backer of the enterprise with the utraost of
his raeans and credit. The Fairbanks
characteristic of benefaction towards St.

HORACE FAIRBANKS.

FAIRBANKS.

FAIRBANKS.

103

Johnsbury and of desire to devote a share of
their prosperity to public good, was very
strong with Horace Fairbanks and took.
shape to correspond with the great success
which his adminstration of the business
achieved. The result is the great free pub
lic library and art gallery under the name of
the St. Johnsbury Athensum, for which the
foundation was laid in 1868 and which was
finished and dedicated in 187 1. The library
now contains some 15,000 volumes and in
the gallery is a splendid collection of paint
ings including Bierstadt's masterpiece the
" Domes of the Yosemite." The cost of this
donation was never raade public by Gover
nor Fairbanks, but the spirit in which he
gave it and the keynote of his whole Ufe,
were well expressed in the words of the dedi
cation in which he said : " It gives me pro
found satisfaction and sincere pleasure to
present to you and your chUdren and to all
who may come after you, the free use of this
building and its contents. My highest
ambition will be satisfied and my fullest ex
pectations realized, if now and in the com
ing years the people make the rooms of the
Athenaeum a favorite place of resort for
patient research, reading and study."
Governor Fairbanks' active life was spent
as a business man rather than a politician,
and in moral, educational and religious work
rather than office-holding. He was a dele
gate to the Republican national conventions
of 1864 and 1872, and was a presidential
elector in 1868. The only other political
position to which he was chosen, before the
governorship, was that of state senator from
Caledonia county, to which he was elected
in 1869, but was unable by reason of illness
to take his seat. His nomination for Gov
ernor was a compromise after a bitter pre-
convention fight in the party over the candi
dacy of Deacon Jacob Estey of Brattleboro.
A number of names were placed in the
field, arraying different elements against
Estey, and finally that of Fairbanks was

brought forward and he was norainated on
the third ballot, though he had before de
clined overtures. He was out of the state
at the tirae. The resuU at the polls was his
election by a vote of 44,723 to 20,988 for
W. H. H. Bingham, the Democratic can
didate. The chief criticism of his administration
was that concerning his use of the pardoning
power. His humanitarianism and his kind
ness of heart made it difficult for hira to re
sist appeals that appeared to have any basis
of raerit to them. It was during this term
that the celebrated case of John P. Phair
came up, and the Governor granted the con
demned man a reprieve on the very day
fixed for his execution, on a telegram from
Boston that seemed to indicate his inno
cence. Phair finally went to the gallows
after the SujDreme Court had passed on his
case, but Governor Fairbanks' conduct,
though bitterly assailed at the time, was
amply justified by the circurastances. His
inaugural raessage was to quite an extent
devoted to the different systeras of prison
discipline, the condition of our county jails
especially receiving his critical notice, and
he earnestly urged more attention to the
work of reforming criminals, and a revision
of our whole prison system with this in view.
His recommendations bore fruit of good
in this line, and his administration for what
it did and what it proposed, deserved and
coraraanded the respect of thoughtful peo
ple. He was held in high esteera abroad,
being a member of the Century Club at New
York, and the St. Botolph, Boston.
Governor Fairbanks was married, August
9, 1849, to Mary E., daughter of Jaraes and
Persis (HemphiU) Taylor of Derry, N. H.
Of their three children, Helen Taylor, the
oldest daughter, died in March, 1864 ; Agnes,
the wife of Ashton R. Willard of Boston, is
now living; and Isabel, wife of Albert L.
FarweU, died July 2, 1891. Governor Fair
banks died in New 'York, March 17, 1888.

SENATORS IN CONGRESS.
The following is a complete list of the Senators in Congress for Vermont. Biographical
sketches of the entire list are given on the following pages, with the exceptions noted.

FIRST CLASS.

*Moses Robinson,
flsaac Tichenor,
Nathaniel Chipman,
tisrael Smith,
^Jonathan Robinson,
jlsaac Tichenor,
Horatio Seymour,
Benj'amin Swift,
Samuel S. Phelps,

179X-96
1796-97
1797-1803 1803--071807-15I 81 5-2 I
1821-33 1833-391839-51

Solomon Foot, 1851-66
JGeorge F. Edmunds, 1866-91
SECOND CLASS.
Stephen R, Bradley, 1791-95
Elijah Paine, 1795-1801
Stephen R. Bradley, 1801-13
Dudley Chase, 1813-17
James Fisk, 1817-18
fWilliam A. Palmer, 1818-25

Dudley Chase,
Samuel Prentiss,
fSamuel C. Crafts,
William Upham,
Samuel S. Phelps,
La-wrence Brainerd,
Jacob Collamer,
Luke P. Poland,
JJustin S. Morrill.

1825-311831-42
1842-431843-53 1853
1854-551855-651865-67

" First and second class'' relate to classes, as defined in the second clause, third section, first article in the Constitution of
the U. S.

* Biographical sketch will be found among " The Fathers."
t Biographical sketch will be found among " The Governors.'

X Biographical sketch will be found in Part II,

BRADLEY, STEPHEN R., and Moses
Robinson were the first senators after the
admission of the state into the Union. Mr.
Bradley was five times elected the president
pro tem of the Senate, the third highest of
fice in the government, was the friend and
close adviser of Jefferson and Madison, and
all through that era up to the war of 1812
was regarded as the ablest and raost potent
Democrat in New England. He was on
terms of intimacy also with Ethan Allen, and
filled a briUiant career during the state's
existence as an independent republic, being
one of the brainiest of her statesmen, and
acquiring great wealth in the land operations
in which most of the fathers were engaged.
Stephen R. Bradley was born at Walling
ford (now Cheshire), Conn., Feb. 20, 1754,
the son of Moses and Mary (Row) Bradley
and grandson of Stephen Bradley, one of a
family of six brothers who came to this
country in 1637, after service in Cromwell's
Ironsides, in which one of them was an offi
cer. Young Bradley graduated from Yale in
1775, having whUe a student there prepared
an almanac for that year, of which an edi
tion of two thousand copies was published
by Ebenezer Watson in November, 1 774, and
having in his course shown frequent promise
of the unusual abilities he afterward devel
oped. Soon after graduation he entered the
Revolutionary service, being captain of a
company of "Cheshire Volunteers," as early
as January and February, 1776, being in the
fighting about New York, and afterward
serving as quartermaster and as aid on the
staff of General Wooster, until that patriot
fell at Danbury in AprU, 1777.
The next year Bradley was employed as
coramissary and in the summer of '79 as

major at New Haven. About this time,
probably in the fall or winter previous, he
had appeared in Vermont, certainly being
present at the May terra of court in West
minster in '79, when he was licensed to prac
tice law in the new state. He had in the in
termissions of his military service both
taught school and pursued his law studies
under the direction of Thomas Reeve, after
ward the founder of the faraous Litchfield
Law School. He had, before 1780, located
definitely in Vermont, for he was in June of
that year appointed state's attorney for Cum
berland county, and stiU earUer, Dec. 10,
1779, had prepared, at the request of the
Governor and council, a statement of Ver
mont's case against the claims of New York,
New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, en-
tided "Vermont's Appeal to a Candid and
Impardal World." It was a pamphlet of re
markable power, considering that, coming to
the state a stranger to the controversy, he
had had actually less than two months to
study it up. He reviewed trenchantly the
claims of each of the states, laid bare with
great skiU the inconsistencies and weak
points of aU, and concluded with the declara
tion that "Vermont has a natural right of in
dependence ; honor, justice and humanity
forbid us tamely to surrender that freedom
which our innocent posterity have a right to
demand and receive from their ancestors.
Full weU may they hereafter rise up in judg
ment against us, if, like profane Esau, we
mortgage away their birthright, and leave
them at the expense of their lives to obtain
freedom. We have now existed as a free
and independent state almost four years;
have fought Britains, Canadians, Hessians,
Tories and aU, and have waded in blood to

BRADLEY.

BRADLEY.

105

maintain and support our independence.
We beg leave to appeal to your own mem
ories with what resolution we have fought by
your sides, and what wounds we have re
ceived fighting in the grand American cause,
and let your own recoUection teU what Ver
mont has done and suffered in the cause of
civil liberty and the rights of raankind, and
must we now tamely give up all worth fight
ing for? No, sirs; while we wear the names
of Americans we never will surrender those
glorious privileges for which so many have
fought, bled, and died ; we appeal to your
own feeUngs, as men of like sufferings,
whether you would submit your freedora
and independence to the arbitrament of any
court or referees under heaven? If you
would, after wasting so rauch blood and
treasure, you are unworthy the naine of
Americans ; if you would not, condemn not
others in what you allow yourselves."
He and Jonas Fay and Moses Robinson
were appointed agents to Congress to
urge the recognition of the independence of

the state. They arrived there February i,
1780, presented the appeal and declared
their readiness to unite in placing Ver
mont on a footing with other states, but had
no authority to close with the resolutions of
Sept. 24. They said, if given time, they
thought they could show that Great Britain
had made a distinct government of Vermont,
appointed Governor Skeene to preside over
it, and hence Vermont had equal right with
any of the other states to assurae an inde
pendent goverraent.
The fruitlessness of this mission has been
explained in previous sketches, but the abil
ity and resourcefulness with which Bradley
sustained the argument added greatly to
his reputation, and though only twenty-six
years old, he at once took a position at the
forefront among the Vermont leaders. B. H.
Hall says : " An examination of his papers
affords conclusive evidence that at this pe
riod, and for raany years after, he was, in raany
respects, the ablest man in the state." In
September he again went to Congress in

Ttf-y

1 06

BRADLEY.

BRADLEY.

company with Ira AUen, as an agent for the
state to meet and defeat Luke Knowlton,
the representative of the Cumberland Coun
ty Yorkers, and Peter Olcott who was there in
advocacy of the scheme to form stiU another
state by sUcing off strips on each side of
Connecticut. How safety was brought out
of this compUcation and an agreeraent of all
the factions reached, is told in the sketch of
Ira AUen. Bradley was that year and again
in 1781, '84, '85, '88, '90 Westminster's repre
sentative and in 1785 speaker of the House,
of which he had been clerk in 1779. He
was selectman of Westminster in 1782, and
town clerk in i787-'88. He continued to
be state's attorney tiU 1775, and was for sev
eral years a general prosecuting officer for
the state. He was register of probate from
December, 1781, to March, '91, when he en
tered the United States Senate. In 1783 he
was judge of the county court and from
October, 1788, to Octoberji789, was judge of
the Supreme Court. In addition to aU this
he was active in the military service, being
first appointed a lieutenant and then a
colonel in the first regiraent of the Vermont
militia, serving on the staff of Gen. Ethan
.•\Uen, and finally in 1791 being made
a brigadier-general. He was repeatedly
caUed out with his troops to restore order
during the troubles in the southern part of
the county and with his skiUful management
seldom failed of success.
He was a member of the commission that
settled the controversy with New York and
of that which afterwards established the bound
ary. He was a powerful advocate in the conven
tion of 1 791, of the ratification of the Federal
constitution and of the vote to join the Union,
and next to Chipman, is entitled to the chief
credit for the sweeping victory which the
Union party won there.
By lot it fell to him when elected in 1791
to be a senator of the second class whose
terra expired in four years, and then as politi
cal Unes began to form and the Federalists
were a majority, he was defeated for re-elec
tion in 1794, but six years later, after serving
one term in the council, in 1798, and one in
the General Assembly, in 1800, on Paine's
decUnation to serve another term, Bradley
was again elected, and re-elected in 1806,
serving with great distinction.
He was president of the convention of
Republican members of Congress, and, as
such, Jan. 19, 1808, he suraraoned the con
vention of raerabers which met and nomina
ted Mr. Madison as President, and though
there was vigorous kicking by the rainority
faction of the party when he caUed the caucus,
the nominadon that resuUed was confirmed
by the country. He was placed on commit
tees to which the most important and delicate
questions were referred, for example— on the

special message of Jefferson, Jan. 13, 1806,
transmitting the claim of Hamet Cararaelli,
ex-Bashaw of TripoU, which involved the
then late war with the ruling Bashaw, and Mr.
Bradley raade the report, including a biU for
Haraet's relief, and a resolution of thanks to
General William Eaton and his Araerican
associates, for their eminently brave and suc
cessful services in Hamet's behalf ; on the
confidential message of President Jefferson,
Dec. 18, 1807, proposing an embargo; and
on the confidential raessage of President
Madison, Jan. 3, 181 1, suggesdng that the
United States take possession, for the time
being, of East Florida, and publish a declara
tion that the United States could not see,
without services inquietude, any part of a
neighboring territory, in which they have,
in different respects, so deep and so just a
concern pass from the hands of Spain into
those of any other foreign power. This was
aimed against Great Britain, and this, in fact,
contained the germ of the famous "Monroe
doctrine," of 1823.
A StUl raore important service was that
for the constitutional amendment of 1803,
requiring the Vice-President, like the Presi
dent, to be elected by a majority of the
electoral votes, of which he was the author,
and which he reported from the appropriate
committee. But Mr. Bradley partook of the New
England feeling about the war of 18 12. He
earnestly counseUed Madison against it, and
at the close of his term in 18 13, he had
become greatly dissatisfied with his party's
policy and he retired finally from public
Ufe. In 181 8 he removed from Westrainster to
the neighboring village of Walpole, N. H.,
where, after a happy and contented evening
of life, he went to rest Dec. 9, 1830.
Dartraouth and Middlebury both conferred
the degrees of LL. D. on hira. Sorae of his
contemporaries called him " eccentric " or
" erratic," but all united in testimony to his
great abUity, his power as an orator, and his
high qualities of leadership. Graham's let
ters from Vermont in 1 79 1 say of him : " Few
men have more companionable talents, a
greater share of social cheerfulness, a more
inexhaustible unaffected urbanity."
S. C. Goodrich, or " Peter Parley " who
married a daughter of Mr. Bradley, says in
his "RecoUections of a Lifetime :" "Hewas
distinguished for political sagacity, a ready
wit, boundless stores of anecdotes, a large
acquaintance with mankind and an exten
sive range of historical knowledge. His
conversation was exceedingly attractive
being always illustrated by pertinent anec
dotes and apt historical references. His
developments of the interior raachinery of
parties, during the tiraes of Washington, Jef-

PAINE.

PAINE.

107

ferson and Madison ; his portraitures of the
political leaders of these interesting eras in
our history — aU freely communicated at a
period when he had retired from the active
arena of politics, and now looked back upon
them with the feehngs of a philosopher —
were in the highest degree interesting and
instructive." PAINE, Elijah.— Senator at the close
of the last century, state judge. United
States judge for forty years, and a pioneer
manufacturer, road maker and scientific far
mer, was born at Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 2,
1757, the son of Seth Paine, a respectable
farmer of Brooklyn, and grandson of Seth
Paine of Pomfret, Conn. He entered Har
vard in 1774, but abandoned his studies for
a few months to fight for his country in the
Revolutionary army, and graduated in 1781.
Then after studying law he came to Ver
mont in 1784, locating first at Windsor
where he cultivated a farm, and then pushed
into the wilderness and opened a settlement
in Williamstown near the Northfield line,
and soon established a large manufactory of
fine broadcloths, which finaUy employed
one hundred and seventy-five to two hun
dred workmen, erected the first saw and grist-
mUls in that section, and constructed, at a
cost of $10,000, a turnpike road twenty
mUes through the forest from Brookfield
to Montpelier and which he finally presen
ted to the state. Full of energy and enter
prise, with a capacity for large affairs and of
extensive scientific attainments, he intro
duced progressive ideas in every direction.
He was a pioneer in the rearing of Merino
sheep of which -he had at one time a flock
of 1,500. He also gave much attention to
improveraent in the breeding of horses, cattle
and swine. And in addition to all this busi
ness and to his professional engagements,
his farming was done on a vast scale and it
is said to have been no uncommon thing for
hira to have thirty or forty raen at work in the
field, and himself superintending them. But
with all these multifarious activities he grew
to be a very able lawyer and a great judge,
even whUe he devoted some of his best
years to politics and statesraanlike useful
ness and to educational projects. His re
markable executive ability seeraed to win
success from everything he undertook, and
he died very wealthy for those times.
His public service extended almost con
tinuously through sixty years. In 1786 he
was a member of the convention to revise
the constitution of the state, and was its
secretary. From 1787 to 1791 he was Will-
iarastown's representative in the General
Assembly. Then he was appointed judge of
the superior court, and held that office untU
in 1794 he was elected United States Sen

ator to succeed Stephen R. Bradley. He
was offered a re-election for another term in
1800, but declined it because in the late
days of the Adams administration he was
appointed United States district judge for
the district of Vermont. The appointment
was one of thqse of partisan grab in the last
days of FederaUst power, which so marred
the record of patriotic upbuilding the party
had made, but it proved to be a most ad
mirable appointment, for Judge Paine's long
career on the bench extending over a period
of over forty years, until within a few weeks
of his death, April 28, 1842, at the age of
eighty-six, was one of strength and honor
throughout, bearing with it at notable points
the enlightenment he brought to his business
operations. Though he came to the state after her
formative period was well advanced, he be
came prominent in her affairs before the
period of independent statehood had passed,
and he was with Tichenor, Bradley, Chip-
man and Ira Allen one of the comraission
ers to settle and close the controversy be
tween Vermont and New York. He was on
terms of personal friendship with Washing
ton and on the visit of Lafayette to America
was selected as the fittest man in the state,
because of these associations, to deliver the
address of welcome. He was interested in
many movements for the intellectual and
moral betterment of his time, and in close
relations with the best minds of his day.
He was president of the Vermont Coloniza
tion Society, the first president of the Phi
Beta Kappa Society at Harvard, pronounc
ing its first oration, a trustee of Dartmouth
College, a pecuniary benefactor of the Uni
versity of Vermont, elected a fellow of the
.American Academy of Arts and Sciences and
an honorary member of several other literary
institutions. Both Harvard and the Univer
sity of Verraont conferred the degree of
LL. D. on him.
All around he ranked with his great po
litical antagonist, Nathaniel Niles, as intel
lectually the most versatUe man Vermont
has contained. He was an exeraplary Chris
tian of the orthodox faith, and a constant
attendant at church. One secret of his
varied attainraents was his close economy of
time. It is said that he was never seen idle
in his waking moments. Whenever there
was an intermission of labor, it was improved
with book and pencil. His thought powers
were brought into training so that he could
deal thoroughly and systematically with one
subject after another as they came before
him — now a problem of constitutional law,
then one about the construction of the hog
pen, and anon one about the machinery in
the woolen mUl — and come out superior to
difficulty in every one. He was punctual to

io8

PAINE.

CHIPMAN.

the utterraost in business raatters. Two
anecdotes Ulustrate this : One night he
happened to reraember that he had not
paid a note due to a townsman that day,
and he routed out his hostler, hitched up
and drove to the townsman's house with the
money before the hour of .midnight had
arrived. "You need not have bothered,"
reraarked the creditor, " to-raorrow would
have answered just as well." "Did I not
promise to pay it to-day?" was Judge Paine's
response in his quick, nervous style. The
late Hon. Daniel Baldwin tells another :
Once Judge Paine called on him for a loan
of $i,ooo for a few days, until he could get
a remittance from Washington for his salary,
yi^hich he had been expecting for some tirae.
Baldwin, who was a merchant, said he could
spare it until a certain day, when he would
have to take it to Boston to buy goods with.
On the appointed day Judge Paine came
hurrying to Baldwin just before time for the
stage to leave and explained that he had
waited for his Washington remittance until
the day before, but not receiving it he had
gone to Woodstock, forty mUes distant, rid
ing all night, and making a journey of eighty
miles to procure it and return to fulfiU his
promise. Judge Paine married, June 7, 1 790, Sarah,
daughter of John Porter, a lawyer of Ply
mouth, N. H. She was a woman of culti
vated mind, engaging manners and lofty
character, and the result was a brainy fam
ily of children. There were four sons, three
of whom graduated at Harvard, and one at
Dartmouth. Martin, the eldest, was a dis
tinguished physician at Montreal and New
York, one of the founders of the Medical
Department of the University of New York,
where he for years held a professor's chair,
and the author of various medical works, es
pecially some aimed at materialistic ideas,
which attracted much attention in both Eu
rope and .America. The second son, Elijah,
was a judge of the Supreme Court of New
York, rendering the notable decision sus
taining the constitutionality of the statute
that freed slaves when brought by the owner
into the state, and a law writer of reputa
tion, associated in the making of Wheaton's
reports and the United States Circuit reports
that bear his name. Gov. Charles Paine was
the third son, and the fourth, George, also a
lawyer, died in his twenty-ninth year at Mar-
sellon, Ohio. One of the judge's descend
ants married into the Bonaparte family in
Baltimore. \\'alton describes Judge Paine as a "tall,
weU-propordoned gentleman, dressed in the
style of President Washington, of a grave
countenance and dignified bearing, scornful
to none but affable to aU." His daughter,
Mrs. John Paine, says he "had a command

ing personal appearance, a weU proportioned
frarae of six feet in height,with a physiognomy
of the Roman cast and a corresponding
vigor of mind. Though sternly dignified he
was as gentle as a woman and was loved
and venerated by his children."
CHIPMAN, Nathaniel.— One of the
most erainent jurists and statesraen of his
time. United States senator for one term, a
Federal judge and a judge of the Supreme
Court of the state for many years. He
was also of Sahsbury, Conn., origin, being
born there, Nov. 15, 1752, the son of Samuel
and Hannah Chipman and one of a family of
six sons, of whom two were physicians, and
four lawyers, and nearly aU men of eminence.
He graduated from Yale, in 1777, served for
a time as Ueutenant in the Revolution, fought
at Monmouth and was at Valley Forge through
a part of that winter of destitution and suffer
ing, but resigned because of poverty, and
completed his study of the law. Admitted
10 the bar in March, 1779, he came to Ver
mont, settled in Tinmouth, where his father
had preceded him, and where in addition to
his professional duties he took the manage
ment of the farm and built a forge for the
manufacture of bar iron. There was a most
promising field for lawyers in those days and
he and young Bradley, espousing the side of
the new state with ardor, rapidly and almost
simultaneously came to the front as leaders.
Chipman, however, became a member of the
"young party," opposing Governor Chitten
den and his administration and seeking to
clear the way of , the fathers for a generation
of younger men. The "fathers" were indeed
at that time only men of middle life and
many of them of less, but the contingent of
younger and ambitious men, as is almost in
variably the case, viewed their ascendency
with impatience.
But Chipman was too candid and just-
minded a man to carry this party feeling to
unreasonable lengths, and several times at
critical junctures he rendered the Governor
and his associates important service. One
of these was at Windsor when knowledge of
the intrigue with Canada was exploded be
fore the Legislature and he helped the Gover
nor and Ira Allen to concoct the hasty de
ception which bridged the affair over. He
was frequently in confidential relations with
the Governor and wrote out many of the lat
ter's letters and state papers. He was a
raan of great and resourceful shrewdness in
legislative and political management. It
was his idea that stayed the paper money
flood when the Legislature was overwhelm
ing in favor of such an issue. Coming to
Rutiand, where the Legislature was in ses
sion in 1786, he found such a bill, with
another making specified articles a legal

CHIPMAN.

CHIPMAN.

109

tender for debt, on the point of passage, and
seeing after looking the ground over and
consulting with various members, that there
was no hope of defeating the bill on a
straight issue, he prepared the amendment,
which made the enactment conditional on
the approval of the voters of the state and to
go into effect only after it had been submitted
to a vote of the electors. Then the ques
tion was fought out at the next election and
the result was the rejecting of the biU by a
vote of more than four to one.
And it is not too much to say that Ver
mont's exceptional prosperity above any
part of the Union in the next thirty years,
and its freedom from troubles like Shay's
rebelUon in Massachusetts that afflicted so
many parts of the country, and came so near
reducing things to a state of anarchy, was
the result of this referendum scheme. It
was, considering the times, a measure of ex
traordinary wisdom, and even yet its lesson
has not been fully learned, that where dema
gogues and agitators with their plausible
fallacies are bringing on disaster the safest
defense is a reference to the original source
of power, the people. It cannot be said, of
course, that the people wiU always be right,
especially on new problems before they have
been fully discussed and sifted. But they
are more apt to be right than any other
source of authority. This is the bottora princi
pal of deraocracy as against monarchy or
oligarchy. Especially is it true, in a repre
sentative government where leaders con
stantly figure that the way of popularity and
power lies in pandering to the selfishness
and meaner passions of raankind, that an
occasional direct application of the ozone of
genuine popular thought is necessary. The
poUticians of Verraont then beUeved as did
the poUticians of other states, while the
times were hard and debt burdens were op
pressive, that the people would be pleased
with a raeasure of inflation. The error was
shown by an appeal to the people in Verraont ;
if it had been in the other states they would
have escaped some severe experiences. An
other notable case like it in political history
was in Ohio in 1875, when the wave of Green-
backism was at its highest, men of all parties
.were bending before it, the Democrats had
made it their chief issue, with the idea that
success lay that way, and the Republicans
feared to face the issue. Gen. Rutherford B.
Hayes, the RepubUcan candidate for Govern
or, insisted that there should be no faltering,
but the canvass should be fought out on that
question before the people, and the result
was a signal victory for sound money against
aU the calculations of the tirae servers. It
was this act of clear- viewed courage that
made General Hayes his party's candidate for

President the next year. It is always the
safest course.
Mr. Chipman was also Governor Chitten
den's coadjutor in the pressing to passage of
that extraordinary measure of good sense in
law, the quieting act, which is explained in
the sketch of Governor Chittenden. Chip-
man represented Tinmouth in the General
Assembly in i784-'85. In 1786 he was
elected assistant judge of the superior court
being the first lawyer to be placed on the
bench in Vermont. In 1789 he was elected
chief justice and held the offlce for two
years. He also had the decisive part in the
negotiations which finally closed the contro
versy with New York and brought about
Vermont's admission to the Union. He was
a friend of Alexander HaraUton and in 1788
opened a correspondence with that great
leader, which finally ended in Hamilton's
espousing the cause of Vermont or throwing
all his power and influence into an argu
ment for an adjustment. Daniel Chipman
says that the two men had an interview at
Albany that winter, in which they agreed on
the mode of settlement that was afterward
adopted by the two states. When finally
the consent of the New York Legislature
was secured Chipman was appointed one of
the comraissioners for Vermont to determine
the terms of settlement. He had always
been fearful that the Vermont claims, and so
land titles under Verraont authority, would
fail to stand the test of law if they should
ever be brought to adjudication, and so was
not only solicitous for agreement with New
York but that all these questions be disposed
of in the agreement, as was done. He was
a member of the commission that deter
mined the boundary between the two states.
In the convention at Bennington to pass
on the act of union and adopt the Federal
Constitution, Chipman was the " Colossus of
the debate," as Jefferson said of Adams in
the Congress that adopted the Declaration
of Independence. There was then a strong
feeling for the continued independence of
Vermont ; her prosperity had for several
years been the envy of her neighbors ; her
own taxes were very light, and she had no
share to bear of the burdens which the Rev
olution had left upon the rest of the country ;
her population was fast increasing and her
values steadUy mounting upward ; she had
gone safely through difficulties which seemed
irapossible of paraUel, had shown her abUity
to take care of herself, was in a situation
where it was an obiect for all sides to culti
vate her friendship, had established a stable
and smooth-working system of her own —
and raany were the raen who argued that
there was nothing to be gained by hitching
the state to the federal system. Probably
consent would have been positively refused

CHIPMAN.

CHIPMAN.

in the latter years of the old confederation,
but the vigor and hopefulness which the new
government under the constitution showed
was very attractive to men of Chipman's
views. Still the result seemed very doubtful
when the convention at Bennington assem
bled, and under the leadership of Daniel
Buck the arguments against union were
speciously presented. Chipman made a
speech of magnificent logic and eloquence,
portraying the possibUities of political devel
opment in art, literature, science, industry
and commerce, that were contained in the
proposed connection, discussing and analyz
ing the new constitution in comparison with
the best the world had seen. It was master
ful as an argument and with the support of
Bradley and NUes and others, it carried
such conviction that the ratification was
agreed to by a vote of 105 to 4. January 18,
1 79 1, he was appointed with Lewis R. Mor
ris commissioner to attend Congress and
negotiate for the admission of the state into
the Union.
Immediately after the admission Presi
dent Washington appointed Chipman United
States judge for the district of Ver
mont, a position which he resigned in
1793. But three years later, in 1796, hewas
again elected chief justice and in 1797
elected senator to succeed Tichenor, serving
from 1797 to 1803. At the expiration ofhis
term he returned to Verraont and resumed
the practice of law with ever increasing
fame. But he was not above serving the
public in the humbler capacity and for the
meagre pay of a legislator because he had
been a United States judge and senator and
he again represented Tinmouth, in the Leg
islature in i8o6,-'7-'8-'9-'ii.
In March, 18 13, he was elected one of the
council of censors, a body chosen once in
seven years to review the constitution and
recommend admendments. The ideas for
which he stood then have some of them
had to be adopted since and others must be
to overcome evils that remain in our system.
He always advocated amending the constitu
tion to create a Senate as a co-ordinate
branch of the Legislature, to take the power
of election of judges from the Legislature and
provide for appointment during good behav
ior and also to constitute a court of chan
cery distinct from the courts of law. He
made and pubUshed a great arguraent then
for the independence of the judiciary, re
viewing the constitutions and practice of all
the states, and applying most cogently the
lessons of history and of the methods of other
countries. But in spite of this luminous
showing the old raethod of election at
each session stiU survives, a relic of distorted
and misappUed deraocracy, a method that
combines the vices of both the appointive

and elective systems without the merits of
either. It is simply wonderful that the re
sults of it have not been more evU.
Chipman was chosen chief justice of the
state in 1813, receiving a majority of seven
teen, where his party, the Federalists, had
the lead by only one or two on joint ballot.
He was however displaced in 18 15 when
the Democrats, or Republicans as they then
generally called theraselves, returned to
power. This was his last public position. He had
for many years been an associate justice on
the supreme bench, and had four tiraes left
the practice of law to take a seat on the
bench. In 181 6 he was appointed profes
sor of law in Middlebury College, and gave
a course of lectures that attracted rauch at
tention, and held the chair until 1843.
During the nuUification times he wrote
and published a very strong pamphlet
against the Calhoun doctrine, more than
matching in its vise-like logic the argument
of the able South Carolinian.
Judge Chipman died Feb. 13, 1843, from
congestion and inflammation of the lungs,
aged ninety-one years. The last twenty-five
years ofhis life were the golden period, where
in well earned retirement, except for such law
business as he chose to undertake, he enjoy
ed in rural pursuits his books, his friendship
and correspondence with some of the most
cultivated men of his time, and he was re
garded by his neighbors and brethren of the
profession almost as a patriarch.
His measurement as a lawyer and a judge
wUl best be given by Mr. Huse in his de
partment of this work. We will only allude
to one of his methods as a judge, his habit of
giving in his charges a summary of the testi
mony of each witness, instructing the jury
as to the points on which it bore, clearing
away immaterial matter and laying before
the jury a compact and lucid statement of
the whole case in all its bearings, while in
structing them upon the law of it. He had
a clear and discriminating mind, compre
hensive in its grasp, and steadily analytic in
its processes. He was cautious in forming
his opinions, proceeding entirely without
prejudice or bias, conscious that he had
done so, and therefore positive and em
phatic when he had reached a conclusion.
In 1 793 he pubUshed a sraaU work entitled
"Sketches of the Principles of Government"
and also a volurae of " Reports and Disserta
tion" containing reports of cases decided
while he was chief justice, with dissertation
on the statute adopting the common law of
England, the statute of offsets, on negotiable
notes and on the statute of conveyances. In
1796, he was appointed one of a committee
to revise the statutes of Verraont and the re
vised laws of 1797 were written by him. In

CHASE.

FISK.

1833 he pubUshed "Principles of Govern
ment, a treatise on free institutions including
the Constitution of the United States,"
which contained parts of his 1796 work.
CHASE, Dudley.— Speaker of the state
Assembly for five years, twice United States
senator, and four years chief justice of the
state Supreme Court, was of a brainy family,
being a brother of Bishop Philander Chase
of Ohio, founder of Kenyon and Jobilee
coUeges, and the uncle of Salmon P. Chase,
the great Republican statesman and chief
justice. Dudley Chase was born at Cornish, N.
H., Dec. 30, 1 77 1, the son of Deacon Dudley
Chase, and one of a numerous family of
eight sons and six daughters. His youth
was passed in pioneer privations at Cornish
and Sutton, Mass., but he succeeded in ob
taining a college education, graduating at
Dartmouth in 1791. He studied law with
Hon. Lot HaU at Westminster, and in the
early nineties settled at Randolph. He was
state's attorney for Orange county for eight
years from 1803 to 18 11 inclusive. He was
a member of the constitutional conventions of
1814 and 1822. He represented Randolph
in the Legislature from 1805 to 1812 in
clusive, and for the last five years he was
speaker of the House, closing the service with
such popularity that he was immediately
elected United States senator to succeed
Stephen R. Bradley.
He was elected for a full term of six years,
but he resigned his seat in 181 7 to accept
an election as chief justice of the Supreme
Court of the state. He was re-elected to
that post each year untU 1821 when he re
tired to return to the practice of law, but
was sent to the Legislature in i823-'24 and
again won such popularity that he was
in 1825 again elected to the United States
Senate. At the close of his term in 183 1 he
retired finally to private life, devoting his
attention to farming and gardening, of
which he was exceedingly fond. A little of
the scattering and disorganized opposition
to Governor Galusha in 18 19 centered about
him, giving him 618 of the 2,618 votes
cast against Galusha for Governor.
He was of attractive and winnirig address,
portly in person, commanding in presence,
weU balanced mentally, with a poise of mind
that fitted hira admirably for judicial posi
tion, and a real kindness of heart that could
not help to make him a favorite among men.
He was perhaps somewhat lacking in the
aggressive quality, like that of Galusha or
Bradley or NUes, that makes the political
leader of enduring power or that leaves per
manent impress in statesraanUke work.
Still there are events and good ideas in Ver
mont history with which Dudley Chase's

name is identified. He was always earnest
in advocacy of the support of district
schools by a tax on the grand list so as to
give poor children an equal opportunity with
the rich to obtain an education. He helped
in the framing in the act of 1805 regulating
marriage and divorce. He was a member
of the coramittee that fixed upon Montpe
lier for the location of the state capital.
The state bank was established in 1806 on
lines largely laid down by him. He was
that year also a member of the legislative
coraraittee that drafted the faraous "address
of the Vermont Legislature" to President
Jefferson entreating him to be a candidate
for a third term. He was a member of the
committee that provided for the location of
the state prison at Windsor. He supported
Bradley's resolution in 1807 for a consti
tutional amendment empowering the Presi
dent to reraove Supreme Court judges on
address by a majority of the House and
two-thirds of the Senate.
He died Feb. 23, 1846, at the age of seven
ty-four, after several years of declining health
with fits of epUepsy. A fall in his room para
lyzed his right leg which swelled badly, be
came erysipelas, and terminated in mortifica
tion and death. His wife, whose maiden
name was Olivia Brown and whom he raarried
in 1796 when she was seventeen years old,
survived him but twenty-three days. They
had no children of their own, but brought
up many nephews and nieces and indentur
ed boys, and of these gave a coUege educa
tion to not less than twelve or fifteen.
FISK, James. — Judge of the Supreme
Court, representative and senator in Con
gress, UniversaUst preacher, and a leader of
the Democratic or Republican party in the
state during its era of power and prosperity,
was a native of Greenwich, Mass., born Oct.
4, 1763, and came to Vermont from Green
wich. Little is known of his ancestry or
early youth, but his circurastances were
humble and he was self-educated. His
father died when he was only two years old,
and he was early left to shift for himself. In
1779, at the age of sixteen he enlisted in the
Revolutionary army, served for three years,
then returned to Greenwich and went to
work as a farm hand. He was only twenty-
two years old when he was elected repre
sentative to the General Assembly of Massa
chusetts, and about this time he began to
preach as a Universalist minister. He came
to Barre in 1798, continued preaching
occasionally, cleared a farm, and in his
leisure hours studied law, opened practice
and rapidly rose to eminence and influence.
His alert mind, ready wit and power of prac
tical and winning argument, his poise of
character and justice and kindhness of views.

FISK.

FISK.

combined with his singularly genial, attract
ive demeanor, qualified him to an unusual
extent for leadership. The late E. P. Wal
ton says of hira that " in his form, the vigor
of his inteUect and the brilliancy of his mind,
he much resembled Aaron Burr." He was
smaU of stature, keen-eyed, a brilliant conver
sationalist, and, as Thorapson says, "really
talented." He had been in Barre only three years
when he was elected one of its selectmen,
and the next year was sent to the Legisla
ture, representing the town nine years, from
1800 to 1805, 1809 and 1810, and in 1815.
He was a useful and prolific legislator, taking
an active part in the legislation for the ob
servance of the Sabbath, the taxing of liquor
selling, the overhauling of the statutes for
the support of the gospel, the collection of
debts, proceedings in case of absconding
debtors, land taxes, the forfeiture of charters,
the reorganization of the judiciary systera,
and the regulation of marriage and divorce.
He was prominent in the fight of 1804 over
the law of libel, when it was proposed to do
away with the old principle of privilege,
"the greater the truth the greater the libel,"
and in criminal prosecutions to allow the
respondent to plead in defence the truth of
his words. He moved, as early as 1803, for
the establishing of a perraanent seat for the
Legislature, and when the Assembly had
passed the bUl, before the Governor and
CouncU had got the subject postponed, he
was selected for Orange county's member of
the special committee to locate the capital.
He was also, in 1804, chairraan of the com
mittee that endeavored to get a settlement
of our northern boundary with Canada.
He was an ardent friend of the University
of Vermont in its younger days, and served
on its board of trustees for several years, re
signing in 181 2. He naturally, with his
adroitness and resourcefulness, became the
leader of the Jeffersonians, being placed in
the front in most of the contests with the
Federalists, and especially where they wanted
to match Governor Tichenor, who was in
dubitably one of the shrewdest poUticians of
his time. He was chairman of the com
mittee in 1805 to draft an address in reply
to the Governor's speech, and framed the
answer to the proposal of the Massachusetts
Legislature for constitutional amendments to
exclude slaves from representation in any
measure in Congress. He regretted the ex
istence of slavery, and its influence in the
making of laws to bind the freemen of our
free state, but could see no remedy that
"would not subvert the first and most opera
tive principles of our federal compact." The
skill with which these replies managed to
take issue with the Governor, while couched
in the most commendatory phrase, were too

much for even "Jersey Slick" himself, and'
they may be instructively studied as models
of this sort of sheathed stabbing in political
warfare. Mr. Fisk was also the chairman of the
same committee when the Democracy came
into power in 1 809 and it was the address of
Governor Galusha, with whom he was in full
political sympathy, that was to be answered.
He was a judge of the Orange county court
in 1802 and 1809, and in 1816 the Legisla
ture chose him one of the three judges of the
Supreme Court of the state. The next year
hewas re-elected, becoming the first assistant,
and with his undoubted talent as a lawyer
was on his way to the chief justiceship when
he resigned to accept an election to the
Senate. He was elected a representative in Con
gress in 1804, serving two terms, and again
two terras frora 1811 to 1815, and then after
his two years service on the Supreme Court,
was chosen by the Legislature United States
senator in 181 7 to succeed Dudley Chase,
but resigned after less than two years service
and ^Villiam A. Palmer was elected to suc
ceed him.
He was a close friend and confidential ad
viser of President Madison and the adminis
tration through the war of 181 2 ; he voted for
the declaration of that war and his counsel
was constantly sought, with reference to war
measures. He took a vigorous part in the "John
Henry" debate of 1812, over the papers
secured frora that reprobate, who after five
years life as a farraer, lawyer and editor in
Vermont, was in 1809 employed by the
Governor of Canada to get into communica
tion with the most violent Federalists in
New England and ascertain how far they
could be brought to turn against their own
country and in favor of England in case the
embargo and other resistance to British
aggressions should result in war. These
papers opened the lid only a bit upon one
of the most shameful chapters of our history^
a chapter over which, fragmentary and un
satisfactory as is our knowledge of it, the
blood of right feeling men cannot faU to boil
to-day, a chapter that teUs of sordid men
and raoney making interests in New England
that conspired in treason against the govern
ment that was fighting their battie and seek
ing to protect thera from British spoliation,
because they believed that the government
ought to crawl at Britain's feet and do
Britain's bidding against France, in order to
help them to continue their money raaking.
Mr. Fisk treated the subject vigorously in
this view, and collected and presented a
large raass of evidence showing how plottings
for the dissolution of the Union had been
going on. He quoted letters from Mr-

SEYMOUR.

113

Erskine, the British minister, in support of
this view. His arraignment was one that
must have done an important part in cover
ing the once glorious Federalist party with
the disgrace that brought it into speedy
decay and ruin.
But Mr. Fisk's moderation at another time
served the state a good turn. The country's
indignation at the selfish and base deeds of
Federalists, focussed in the introduction, Jan.
6, 1814, of resolutions in the House in
structing the attorney-general to institute a
prosecution against Gov. Martin Chittenden
for his proclamation of the year before
ordering the Verraont miUtia home from
New York, where they had been assigned to
miUtary duty at a critical time and point un
der the orders of federal commanders. The
Governors of Massachusetts, Connecticut and
Rhode Island had pursued a similar policy,
refusing or threatening to refuse, on state
rights grounds, requisitions on their miUtia
for the comraon defense. Unscrupulous parti
sanship had reached about its worst abase
ment when FederaUst executives could take
this ground, and so far as they were concerned
personally, prosecution might have been
healthy. But Fisk deprecated the resolu
tions. He admitted that the proclamation
was unjustifiable, thought few people in Ver
mont approved of it, knew the delegation in
Congress did not, but he did not think it
advisable to thus force the issue between
state and nation. If the Governor had com
mitted an offense against the laws let him be
prosecuted, but let not Congress turn in
former, which was all the resolutions meant ;
their effect would be only to give undue
weight to successful prosecution and make
Congress ridiculous if unsuccessful; they
neither raade nor strengthened law, and so
were of no use. The argument was so weU
made that the resolutions were put to final
sleep on the table.
Mr. Fisk was norainated and confirmed
judge of the territory of Indiana in 181 2,
but decUned the office after the Federalist
presses in Vermont had wasted considerable
energy in ridiculing the appointment. He
did not cut rauch of a figure in his senatorial
service because it was too brief to permit
hira, even under the rules then, to get to the
front. He resigned in 181 9 to accept the
post of collector of customs for the district
of Vermont, which he held for eight years,
and during that time moved to Swanton,
where he made his home until his death,
which occurred Dec. i, 1844.
In his later years he was a Whig as ardent
as he had formerly been a Democrat. He
was by temperament and logic a foUower of
Henry Clay, and the development of issues
after the death of the Federalist party, that
made the great Kentuckian the leader of the

new party, naturally brought Fisk with them.
Mr. Fisk, soon after he came out of the
Revolution, wedded Miss PrisciUa West, of
Greenwich, who died August 19, 1840, at
the age of seventy-seven. They had six
children — three sons and three daughters.
SEYMOUR, HORATIO.— Judge, coun
cilor and senator, was born in Litchfield,
Conn., May 31, 1778, the son of Major Moses
and Mary (Marsh) Seymour. His father was
a man of importance in Connecticut, a Rev
olutionary officer, state legislator for seventeen
years and town clerk forty years, and among
his descendants was Horatio Seymour, the
New York statesman. Democratic candidate
for the presidency in 1868, and a nephew of
the Horatio Seymour who became the Ver
raont senator and for a number of years the
acknowledged leader of the Whigs in this
state. The subject of this sketch fitted for coUege
under the tuition of his brother-in-law. Rev.
Truman Marsh, graduated from Yale in 1797,
taught an academy for a year at Cheshire,
Conn., then attended Judge Reeve's famous
law school at Litchfield for a year, and in
October, 1 799, came to Middlebury to con
tinue his studies in the office of Daniel Chip-
man, and in 1800 was admitted to the bar.
He was soon after appointed postmaster at
Middlebury, and continued in the office nine
years, until the growth of his law practice pre
vented his longer holding it. His reputa
tion professionally was confined mainly to
his own county, but he was probably engaged
in more cases than any lawyer before or after
him. His great defect was over modesty
and lack of confidence in himself, so that he
never pushed himself in law practice or poli
tics as he raight.
He had to get absorbed in the cause of
his client, and the feelings and interests in
volved, before he could do himself justice.
But he was very shrewd and tactful in the
manageraent of cases, and as a speaker,
while making no pretensions to oratory,
clear, logical and persuasive. In raanners
he was not only unassuming, but most ur
bane and courteous, and careful not to
offend. His make up, in fine, was such as
was sure in the course of years to command
a great popularity, and he held it almost
against his wiU, whUe shrinking frora lead
ership, as few Verraonters have done. He
was state's attorney for Addison county 1810
to 1813 and again 1815 to 1819, and coun
cilor 1809 to 1814. When the Vermont
state bank was estabUshed in 1806 he was
chosen one of the first directors, and re
mained such untU the branch at Middlebury
was closed. In 1820 he was elected United
States senator, and re-elected in 1826 after
a vigorous contest with Governor Van Ness.

114

PRENTISS.

PRENTISS.

He was in early life a supporter of the ad
ministration and measures of Jefferson and
Madison, but after the breakup foUowing
the Monroe administration he went with the
Adams, on National RepubUcan or what
was afterwards the Whig element, and was
influential in the party councils untU his
terra in the Senate closed. He was also on
terms of intimate personal friendship with
Adaras, Clay, Webster, King and Marcy, and
raen of such caliber, who all relied much on
his judgment in matters of legislation,
though it was rarely they could ever get
him to speak in the Senate. He was chair
man of the committee on agriculture.
At the close of his second term he re
turned to his law practice, and to party
leadership in the state. It was due to his
shrewd management very largely, that after
the' Anti-Masonic wave had swept over the
state and controUed it for several years, the
whigs were able to get the chief advantage
of its breakup. Mr. Seymour was their can
didate for Governor in 1833 and 1834, in the
former of which years the whig vote fell to
less than two thousand. In 1834, when the
election was thrown into the Legislature,
Seymour wrote a letter before the assemb
ling, announcing that he would not be a
candidate. This was to allow Governor
Palmer an ^unobstructed re-election, which
it was calculated would count when the
coUapse of Anti-Masonry came. Bradley,
the Deraocratic candidate, who had about
the same vote as Seymour, each a Uttle over
ten thousand, pursued the same wary course,
but by individual instruction rather than a
public letter, and with much less effect on
the rank and file of the voters.
Mr. Seymour's later years were passed in
the practice of his profession and in the
duties of judge of probate, which he per
formed from 1847 to 1856. Middlebury
conferred the degree of LL. D. on hira in
1847- He died Nov. 21, 1857, after several
years of infirmity, at the age of eighty. He
married in 1800 Lucy, daughter of Jonah
Case, of Addison. She died in October,
1838, leaving three sons and one daughter.
One of the sons, Moses Seymour, settled at
Geneva, Wis. ; another, Horatio, was a law
yer at Buffalo, N. Y., and another, Ozias, an
attorney at Middlebury.
PRENTISS, Samuel, twice United
States Senator, one of the great Whig leaders
ofhis day, ranking with the six of highest fame
whom Vermont has had among " the Elders
of the land," the peer of the intellectual giants
with whom he sat, Webster, Clay, Calhoun,
and Benton, and perhaps even greater yet
on the bench of the state Suprerae Court
and the United States district court, was a

native of Stonington, Conn., where he was
born March 31, 1782, the son of Dr. Samuel
Prentiss. The family had been one of note
for centuries, tracing back to 13 18 in Eng
lish official records, and including Capt
Thoraas Prentiss, the noted cavalry officer
in the King PhUlip war, and Col. Samuel
Prentiss, of the Revolutionary army, the
great - grandfather of Judge and Senator
Samuel. Young Pren
tiss' boyhood was
chiefly passed at
Northfield, Mass.,
where Dr. Pren
tiss raoved after
a short stay at
Worcester, when
the future states-
m a n was only
four years old.
^Vith only a com
mon school edu
cation, supple
mented by a
study of the
classics under
Rev. S. C. Allen, the minister of the town,
young Prentiss studied law, first with Samuel
Vose, of Northfield, then with John W.Blake,
at Brattleboro, was admitted to the Windham
county bar in December, 1802, and located
at Montpelier a few months later. He de
voted himself for full twenty years to his
profession, and to extensive study and read
ing in cognate lines until his equipment was
such as few men have.
The Legislature offered him almost unani
mously in 1822, a position as associate jus
tice of the Supreme Court, but he declined
it. But in 1824 he did accept an election
as Montpelier's representative in the Gen
eral Assembly and from this time his rise in
politics was rapid. It was at a time when
the era of great Democratic leadership, the
era of Galusha, Niles, Butler, Fisk, Bradley,
and Van Ness, was drawing to a close, anda
man of Prentiss' inteUectual sweep found but
little to obstruct his progress. He was re
elected to the General Assembly in 1825,
and during the session was chosen to the
Supreme Court, where four years' service
won him an election by common consent to
the chief justiceship, and one year more
brought a summons to go to Washington as
senator to succeed Dudley Chase. He was
re-elected for a second term in 1836, but
before it expired he resigned to accept an
appointment as judge of the United States
district court for the district of Vermont to
succeed Elijah Paine, deceased. The nom
ination was confirmed by unanimous con
sent without the usual reference to a com
mittee. He continued in this position for

PRENTISS.

115

fourteen years until his death, Jan. 15, 1857,
completing an official career of thirty-four
years which was not begun until he was forty-
two. There is reason for believing that he
could have had a seat on the Federal su
preme bench, but preferred this because the
duties were so near horae.
As a lawyer he was profoundly learned
with a learning that reached to the sources
of the Roman as weU as the common law,
with a comprehension that embraced it as a
great system of principles rather than tech
nicalities and with a thorough belief that no
less could be said of the law, in the words of
Bishop Hooker, "than that its seat is the
bosora of God." As a judge no less an
authority than Chancellor Kent said : "I
cannot help regarding Judge Prentiss as the
best jurist in New England." His penetrat
ing judgment, his power of analysis, like that
of chemical forces in the certainty with
which it could resoh'e every problem into its
elements, his habit of sifting and of classifi
cation, together with his faculty of luminous
stateraent, and his resolute uprightness, cora
bined to render hira well nigh a raodel for a
judge. It is said that not one of his decisions while
on the Supreme Court was afterwards over
ruled. In the Senate his rank was easily
among the first. John C. Calhoun said of him
and his speech against the bankruptcy law of
1840, that it was the clearest and most un
answerable argument on a debatable ques
tion which he had heard for years. Mr. Pren
tiss' independence in following where his con
victions led was illustrated by his stand on
his questions, for he was the only Whig, with
one exception, that fought the bill. But he
was generally in close and confidential rela
tions with Clay and Webster, sharing with
them as third in command, the party leader
ship in the Senate. They both regarded
him as the best lawyer in the Senate.
He was the originator and successful ad
vocate of the law to suppress dueling in the
District of Columbia. He was in at the
opening of the great and protracted battle
with the slavocracy, presenting in 1838, the
resolutions of the state Legislature for the
abolition of slavery in the District of Colum
bia and also against the annexation of Texas.
Several of his speeches on different subjects
have gone into the reading books as among
the American classics, and they are fine
examples of the eloquence of straightfor
ward logic. In his younger days he wrote
considerable on literary and moral topics,
which was published in the newspapers, and
all through his life he constantly sought re
freshment and invigoration of the mind by
comraunion with the great raasters of Eng
Ush literature. In his personal habits and
his domestic life, he was a severe economist, a

habit to which early necessity trained him ;
but he was stUl a liberal giver where the' object
comraanded his approval. It is related of
him that when the rainister lost his own
cow, the judge sent his man to the parson
age stable with one of his own two cows,
and when as luck would have it that cow
died the first night, he forwarded to the
minister the money required to buy still
another. He married, in 1804, Lucretia, daughter
of Edward Houghton of Northfield, a woman
of unusual powers of mind and strength of
character, who bore most of the family cares
during Judge Prentiss' busy life. She died
at Montpelier, June 15, 1855, aged sixty-
nine. She had twelve children of whom ten
were boys, and all of them who lived to
reach manhood became lawyers.
SWIFT, Benjamin.— Representative in
Congress in 1827,-1831, and senator from
1833 to 1839, came of a family of distinction
in Connecticut, where his uncle, a Revolu
tionary colonel, was a judge and member of
the council for twelve years. His father. Rev.
Job Swift, was a well-known divine at Ben
nington and Addison. A brother, the sev
enth son of Rev. Job, was Samuel Swift,
lawyer, editor, historian of Addison county, a
judge of probate and assistant judge there,
and secretary of the Governor and councU in '
1813 and 1814.
Benjamin Swift, the sixth child of Rev.
Job, was born at Amenia, N. Y., April 8,
1780, before his father's coming to Vermont.
He was well educated for those days, took a
course in the law school of Reeves & Gould
at Litchfield, Conn., and first put out his
shingle for practice in Bennington county,
but moved to St. Albans in 1809. Like
most young lawyers he soon plunged into
poUtics, taking the side of the then decUning
FederaUsts, so as to be effectually estopped
from office-holding for a while and leaving a
good share of his time and energy for im
proveraent in his profession. He thus at
tained a leading place at the bar, though his
equipment was not by nature that of a lawyer.
He was repeatedly a candidate on local and
county tickets and was two or three times
elected representative from St. Albans, but it
was eighteen years after his settlement in St.
Albans before he reached any other office.
He had come out of the war of 1812 a good
deal better than most FederaUsts, for he did
not allow his feeling against the Madison ad
ministration and his criticism of the war to
carry hira to any such foolish or traitorous
lengths as it did many of his party. In fact,
when the report came of a probable engage
ment with the British at Plattsburgh he was
one of the first to shoulder his musket and
proceed to the scene, and though he arrived

ii6

PHELPS.

PHELPS.

too late for the battie he showed a disposi
tion which counted in his favor in after
years. As party Unes were reformed after the
"era of good feeUng" under the Monroe
administration, he naturally took the side of
the national RepubUcans, and afterwards the
Whigs, and as such was elected representa
tive to Congress in 1827. He was re-elected
in 1829, but before his term had expired the
opposition party had become so strong, that
though he was earnestly supported by his
followers for a third election, he withdrew in
favor of Heman AUen of Milton, who was
elected. The next year, however, while the
poUtics of the state were shaken aU to pieces
as regards the old parties, by the Anti-
Masonic movement, he was brought forward
as a candidate for the United States Senate,
as a man whose moderation of views could
command votes from aU factions. He was
elected and served a fuU term till 1839, re
tiring with a fair degree of credit. On one
point especially he took an emphatic posi
tion in line with Vermont's views from the
beginning. He refused to vote for the ad
mission of Arkansas in 1836, because the
new constitution of the state sanctioned per
petual slavery. He was a warm admirer
and follower of Clay, and an enthusiastic
advocate of his policies.
After his retirement from the Senate he
devoted himself mainly to agricultural pur
suits and scholarly leisure, except when he
buckled on the arraor for the raanageraent of
campaign work for the Whig party, and it
was while he was at work in the fields with
his laborers that death overtook hira. While
in Congress he engaged earnestly in temper
ance work and was among the pioneer movers
in the great Washingtonian temperance re
form. WhUe in the Legislature he obtained the
charter for the Bank of St. Albans, and was
its first president.
He was a man of simple tastes and habits
of life, of clear and penetrating judgment,
severe in his notions, even while of a natur
ally impulsive temperaraent, and inclined to
pursue with an absorbing energy any object
for which he had started. In theology he was
a Calvinist of the most rigid type in the regu
lation of his own conduct, but incUned to
gentleness in abstract views. There was a
rugged kindly courtesy about him, a freedom
from malice or personal bitterness in contro
versy, political or religious, which in spite of
his uncompromising argument, could not fail
to command respect and even attachment.
"Physically, mentally and morally," says E.
P. Walton, "he was a large raan."
PHELPS, Samuel S.— Senator for thir
teen years, councilor. Supreme Court judge.

and one of the ablest and most accomplish
ed men the state has ever had in public life,
was born at Litchfield, Conn , in May, 1793,
and of a faraUy that had for generations
been one of intelligent well-to-do farmers.
Litchfield was in those days a breeding
ground for able and influential men, and
has probably turned out more than any
town of its size in the country. It then
contained the very best law school in the
country. The intellectual friction of such
associations was of incalculable benefit for
such a bright youth as Phelps, and here
may be found the foundation of his great
ness and that of his son. He entered Yale
at the age of fourteen, graduating in 181 1,
in the class with John M. Clayton of Dela
ware and Roger S. Baldwin of Connecticut.
He pursued his legal studies for a few
raonths in the law school untU in 181 2 he
carae to Middlebury and entered the office
of Horatio Seymour who had himself come
from Litchfield. He served in the war of
181 2, in the ranks at Burlington and Platts
burg and afterwards as paymaster. In those
days he was an enthusiatic young Democrat
and supporter of the adrainistration and
the war ; but when the Whig party was
formed he went with that, though all through
his political life he exhibited an indepen
dence of judgment and action that was un
usual in those times, and several times he
stood up for his views against the majority
of his party when it cost something of perU
and sacrifice to do so.
He was admitted to the .A.ddison county
bar in 1815, and made rapid progress to
professional erainence, even with such lawyers
as Seymour, Dan Chipman and Robert B.
Bates as corapetitors. He was a raeraber of
the council of censors of 1827, and wrote
the address of that body to the people of the
state, chiefly notable for its arguraent for
the abolition of the Governor's council, and
the estabUshment of a Senate as a co-ordinate
branch of the Legislature — an argument
which bore fruit seven years later, though it
then failed. In 1831 he was elected a mem
ber of the Governor's council, and at that
faU's session was chosen a judge of the
Supreme Court, and was annuaUy re-elected
seven tiraes until 1838, when he was chosen
a senator in Congress to succeed Benjamin
Swift. He was again elected in 1844,
though he had one of the most disagreeable
fights that the state has ever seen ; an ac
count of it is given in the sketch of Gov
ernor Slade.
In January, 1853, on the death of Senator
Upham he was appointed to the vacancy on
the recommendation of the Vermont delega
tion in Congress, though he Uved on the
west side of the state, because he was in
Washington at the time ; the nomination of a

PHELPS.

UPHAM.

117

judge of the Suprerae Court was pending in
the Senate and it was doubtful if any one else
if appointed, could reach the Capital from
Vermont, in season to help the ^Vhigs on the
vote. Judge Phelps remained in the dis
charge of his duties through that session, and
returned to Washington the next winter to
claim his seat, but as the Legislature had raet
in the meantime and failed to elect him or
anybody else, the Senate refused to admit him
on the ground that an executive appointee
could not continue after the Legislature had
had an opportunity to fill the vacancy.
Judge Phelps then retired to private life
and the delights of his farm, though he stiU
practiced in the courts in important cases,
especiaUy before the Supreme Court at
Washington, where he had a high reputa
tion. One argument especially, on the
Woodworth planing machine patent, was
regarded as among the strongest ever de
livered before the court. He was not a
frequent speaker in the Senate, reserving
himself for great occasions. He was a
member of the committee of thirteen that
reported the Clay corapromise measure be
tween the North and South, the Omnibus
bill of 1850, and the action greatly weakened
him at home. He had been fully comraitted
to the principle of the Wilmot proviso ; he
had, in a powerful speech the year before,
reminded the Southerners that the whole
agitation over the slavery question of which
they complained, and because of which they
were threatening the dissolution of the
Union, was " only the logical sequence of
the Mexican war, * * * which carried in its
train elements that might end in despoiling
the Republic ;'' but when the real danger of
dissolution confronted him, his love of the
Union led him, like Webster, to temporize,
where with larger and cooler prevision he
had recognized that temporizing was useless.
There was no stronger argument made
against slavery in the whole course of the
debates than that of Phelps in answer to
Calhoun and Berrien in 1848 on the bill for
the exclusion of slavery from Oregon, with
the lessons and warning he drew from the
action of the new French republic in abol
ishing it. Henry WUson in his "Rise and
Fall of the Slave Power" describes it as a
speech of "remarkable eloquence and pow
er." Wilson says, in a general estimate of
Phelps, that he was "a man of rare ability
and equalled by few as a lawyer and forensic
debater, but his unfortunate habits irapaired
public confidence." His position in the
Senate gradually grew to be a conservative
¦one, out of sympathy with the current of
thought and events, soon to be guided by
men like Seward and Chase, and he thus
became less of a leader than his admirers
thought he ought to be. He served labor

iously on the coraraittees of clairas and In
dian affairs, and it is said that the recom
mendations of his reports, fortified as they
were by a definite statement of the case,
were seldora rejected. He was, both as
senator, judge and advocate, a cogent, pow
erful reasoner, with a clear, siraple, vigorous
way of stating his argument, and a habit of
viewing questions that was at once compre
hensive and discriminating, large in its
grasp and quick in its mastery of the sub
ject, and this with his dignified bearing and
his air of resolute honesty, made him a
weighty man in what was perhaps the great
est era of the greatest deliberative body of
the world, a peer among such senators as Clay,
Webster, Calhoun, Cass, Benton, Macy, Clay
ton, Wright, Forsyth, Corwin and Douglas.
The senator died at his home in Middle
bury, March 25, 1855. He was twice raar
ried, and brought up a large family of chil
dren of whom the eldest is Edward J. Phelps,
the late minister to England. [For a sketch
of E. J. Phelps see page 309, part II.]
UPHAM, William— For ten years United
States Senator, and though not ranking up
with the great historical names from Ver
mont — Bradley, Phelps, Prentiss, Collamer,
and Foote — yet a strong and able raan of
his time in national councils. He was born
at Leicester, Mass., August 5, 1792, the son
of Capt. Samuel Upham, who moved to Ver
mont in 1802, settling on a farm in Mont
pelier. Young WiUiam worked on the farm
until he was fifteen, attending school only
winters, when an accident in a cider mill,
crushing his right hand so that it had to be
amputated, and unfitting hira for manual
labor, procured paternal consent to his being
"educated." .\ few terms at the old acad
emy at MontpeUer, then sorae tutoring in
Latin and Greek by Rev. James Hobart at
Berlin, and a short time at the University of
Verraont were, however, all that his raeans
would permit in this line. Then he studied
law with Samuel Prentiss at Montpelier ; was
admitted to the bar in 1811, and for a few
years practiced in partnership with Nicholas
Baylies and afterwards alone or in temporary
partnership for about thirty years, with hardly
an interruption from poUtics to mar his
professional achievements.
It was a bar of great lawyers with whom
he had to match wits, including besides
Senator Prentiss, such giants as DiUingham,
Collamer and Lucius B. Peck. But he was
a foeraan worthy of the best of thera, and
became, in fact, one of the strongest jury
advocates the state has ever had. He was
Choate-Uke in the fiery impetuousness of his
eloquence, though without the rich poetic
fancy with which Choate embelUshed his
arguraent, masterful in his raethods of state-

ii8

UPHAM.

FOOT.

ment, biting in sarcasm, full of nervous
energy. Senator Seward in the obituary
speeches in Congress described hira as a
"man of strong and vigorous judgment,
which acted always by a process of inductive
reasoning," and these were quaUties that
gave him peculiar powers in the rough and
tumble of the law combats of those days.
He kept carefully out of politics until his
reputation was made at the bar, refused all
proffers of nomination to office, including
one for a seat on the bench of the Supreme
Court, and held firmly to the theory that
the "law is a jealous mistress." In 1827
he did accept an election as town represen
tative, because success seemed very dubious
when he consented to run, and he was re
elected the next year and again in 1830.
He took high rank as a debater, of course,
but at the close of his third term he re
mained for ten years more a simple lawyer
though he was state's attorney for Washing
ton county in 1829. But he was ardently in
sympathy with the Canadian rebeUion of
1838, presided over a great meeting at Mont
pelier that year to send greetings to the
insurgents and condemn the Van Buren
administration for its efforts to stop filibust
ering aid, and the 1840 campaign aroused
him and for the first time in his life, when
nearly fifty years old, he plunged actively
into politics, and stumped nearly the whole
state for Harrison.
The fruit was an enthusiastic personal fol
lowing for himself, which, in 1842, showed
itself in his election as United States senator
to succeed Sarauel C. Crafts ; at the end of
his term he was re-elected for another term
but died before completing it, Jan. 14, 1853.
He was an ardent Whig and aU the more so
because of the power of partisan advocacy
which his training as a lawyer had given him.
Ill-health in the later years of his service
interfered rauch with his activity, but he
made a number of notable speeches and
took positions on some occasions that were
historic. He and Crittenden of Kentucky
were the two men who voted "aye, except
the preamble " on the bill in 1845, declaring
that "war existed by the act of Mexico " and
authorizing the President to call out 50,000
men. He moved the Wilmot proviso, for
ever forbidding slavery in the territory to be
acquired, as an amendment to the bill in
1846 appropriating I3, 000,000 to authorize
the President to negotiate peace with Mexico,
and he made a speech on the subject, treating
trenchantiy as it deserved the whole iniquity
back of the Mexican war, which was widely
circulated and published in pamphlets and
newspapers. He raade a number of strong
speeches on different questions connected
with the war, the greatest of them being that
of Jan. 28, 1848, on the biU to estabUsh ter

ritorial governments in Oregon, California,
and New Mexico. But perhaps the greatest
one and the one most independent of party
lines of aU his career was that of July 1 and
2, 1850, against the "compromise biU" of
that year on the slavery question.
On the tariff question he was a Whig of
Whigs, believing that increase of industry
and growth of national wealth would surely
flow from a protective pohcy, and being one
of the most strenuous advocates of the idea
that wool growing was to be promoted by high
duties. He fought hard against the Walker
tariff-reducing biU of 1846, and his speech
on that occasion was highly compUmented
by Daniel Webster, who wrote asking for
memoranda of some of his " statements re
specting the market abroad for our wool,"
and adding, "following in your track, my
work is to compare the value of the foreign
and home market."
The senator had a habit of exhaustively
studyinghis subject before speaking and then
an effective way of marshaling his facts and
arguments. As Senator Foot said in his
eulogy, his speeches had " the peculiar im
press of his earnestness, his research, his
ability, and his patriotic devotion." Mr.
Upham was for several years chairraan of the
coramittee on Revolutionary claims and post
offlce and post roads, so that a vast deal of
detail work was thrown on his shoulders.
The senator's domestic life was a singu
larly happy one. His wife was Sarah Keyes
of Ashford, Conn., whom he met while she
was on a visit in Montpelier with her sister^
Mrs. Thomas Brooks, grandmother of Gen.
W. T. Brooks, coramander of the Vermont
Brigade. She was a beautiful, accomplished
woman, who made her home at Montpelier
and at Washington a center of social charm
as weU as a delight to its inmates. She died
May 8, 1856. One of their sons, WilUam K.
Upham, went to Ohio, where he rose to the
front in law, ranking with such men as Chase,
Corwin, and Bingham. Another, Major
Charles C. Uphara, was paymaster in the
United States Navy.
FOOT, Solomon. — Senator, repre
sentative in Congress for nineteen years,
like Bradley and Edmunds long president
pro tem of the Senate, and among the great
est of the succession of reraarkable men
Vermont has kept in the Senate, with hardly
an exception, frora the beginning, was a
native of the state, born in CornwaU, Nov.
15, 1802, the son of Dr. Soloraon and Betsey
(Crossett) Foot. The family was of Con
necticut origin, where one of the ancestors
was prosecuted in 1702 "for having his negro
servant sit" in his church pew, "contrary to
reUgion and profanation of the Sabbath."
Dr. Foot died when young Solomon was

FOOT.

FOOT.

119

only nine years old, and the boy was left to the
training of an inteUigent and prayerful
raother. With intermissions of farm work and
teaching of district schools to earn money,
he fitted for college and graduated frora
Middlebury in 1826. For the next five
years, except for one year while he was a
tutor at Middlebury, he was preceptor of
Castieton Academy, and professor of natural
philosophy at the Vermont Medical School
at that place. He re-estabUshed the academy
on a broader basis, erected a handsorae and
spacious edifice, and indeed achieved a
large success as a pedagogue, as he did with
everything he took hold of in life.
But while teaching he had pursued the
study of law ; was admitted to the bar in
1 83 1, and estabUshed himseU in practice at
Rutland. He at once plunged into poUtics,
attracted attention the next year with an ad
dress which he issued in favor of Clay for
President and against the re-election of Jack
son, and from this time until his death he
was almost constantly before the public.
Rutland sent him to the Legislature in 1833,
again in i836-'37-'38, he being speaker in the
last two sessions, and freshly enhancing his
reputation by the ease and ability with which
he discharged the duties. From 1836 to
1842 he was state's attorney for Rutland
county, and in the latter year was elected
representative in Congress as an ardent Whig,
a follower of Clay, and a repudiator of Tyler.
His first appearance on the floor was to pre
sent a petition for the "protection of Ameri
can producers against the unfriendly and
ruinous competition of foreign nations."
His first speech, June 4, 1844, was in the
same line, and this was his position as long
as he was in Congress. He was one of the
few Republicans to vote against the low
tariff biU of 1857. He, of course, fought the
Walker tariff bill of 1846 strenuously. He
earnestly opposed the adraission of Texas
and the Mexican war, whose purpose he de
clared to be simply to obtain more territory
for slavery, and denounced the raeasures of
the Polk adrainistration almost uniformly,
and especially its construction of the Oregon
boundary question. He made a hot speech
Feb. 10, 1847, fuU of " scornful defiance " of
the President for his intimation that those
who censured the conduct of the executive
in carrying on the war were guUty of con
structive treason. He was one of the three
intrepid men who came to the rescue of
Giddings of Ohio, when Dawson of Louis
iana, supported by four other Southerners,
pistol in hand, threatened to shoot him for
his denunciation of the "brutal coarseness"
and " moral putridity " of slavery, and when
it looked for a time as if the floor of Con
gress was to be a general shooting-ground.

He served in the House two terms and
refused a re-election in 1 841, to return to
the practice of law. But he was the next
fall sent to the Legislature by Rutland and
re-elected in 1848, and again was speaker of
that body, andin 1850 he was elected to the
Senate to succeed Judge Phelps, and this
was the arena where he won his largest
fame. He was prominent in the debates
over the Kansas question against the ad
mission of the state under the Lecompton
constitution. He opposed the scheme for
the acquisition of Cuba, justifled the action
of Commodore Paulding in the arrest of
William Walker whose filibustering expedi
tion to South America he recognized as a
scheme of the slavery extensionists. He
was a participant in the discussion of all
Central American matters, and strenuous in
insisting that England should give up her
protectorate over the Mosquito territory.
He served with Jeff Davis as a commissioner
to reorganize the course of study and disci
pline at West Point. He was a strong
advocate of governmental construction of a
raUroad to the Pacific coast. He carried
through bUls for the erection of a custora
house at Burlington and court houses at
Windsor and Rutland and for the improve
ment of the breakwater at Burlington. He
served industriously on the committees on
pensions, post-offices and post roads, revo
lutionary claims, public lands, pensions con
tingent claims and foreign relations, rising
steadily by the care and thoroughness of his
work to a position of leadership. He super
vised the enlargeraent of the capitol and the
erection of other government structures.
He was chairman of the committee of ar
rangements for the inauguration of President
Lincoln. When the extra session of Congress was
convened on account of the war, July 4, 1861,
Mr. Foot was unanimously elected president
pro tempore and through the whole of this,
the whole of the Thirty-seventh and a part
of the Thirty-eighth Congress he continued in
this position. During the trying days of the war
he did not appear on the floor so rauch as he
had before done, evidently regarding speech-
making as a needless waste of energy when
there was so much work to be done, and the
party in power had things aU their own way,
anyhow. On several important occasions,
however, he kicked out of party traces. He
voted against the legal tender act because he
regarded it as clearly unconstitutional, and
against Sumner's biU in 1861 to wipe out of
slavery in the proposed new state of West
Virginia as a prerequisite to its admission.
He was a delegate to the Republican national
convention of 1864. One of his last speeches
in the Senate was that of Jan. 12, 1865, in
favor of terminating the Canadian reciproc-

120

Bl^INERD.

BRAINERD.

ity treaty. He was with the leaders of his
party in sharp antagonism to President
Johnson and his policy, but died March 28,
1866, before the crisis in that struggle carae,
though he clearly foresaw it.
In him the country plainly saw it had lost
one of its best equipped statesraen. He
raay not have had, as Senator Edraunds says,
" that aggressive intellectual combativeness
and analytical subtlety of mind, which, for
tified by learning, has produced the greatest
lawyers," but he had a sound and practical
mind, an active and vigilant industry, a
habit of thoroughness of preparation for his
duties, together with an intellectual and
moral courage, and a hatred of meanness
and duplicity, that, while it sometimes car
ried him too far in partisanship, made him
faithful, reliable and useful.
Senator Foot was twice married, first in
1839, to Emily, daughter of WUUam Fay of
Rutland, who soon after died ; and second,
to Mrs. Anna Dora, daughter of Henry
Hodges of Clarendon, who survived him.
BRAINERD, LAWRENCE.— Briefly sen
ator, to fiU out
Mr. Up ham's
term, for years
the recognized
leader of the Lib
erty party in the
state and under
whose auspices
the old Whig
party was ab
solved into it,
under the new
narae " Republi
can," was a na
tive of Connecti
cut, born at East
Hartford, March
16, 1794- He was from a family that has
been called one of " the two great families of
divines" — the Beechers being the other — be
cause of its great number of clergymen. Con
gregational, Presbyterian and Methodist.
Among them have been several missionaries,
including David Brainerd, the evangelist of
the aborigines, whose biography was written
by Jonathan Edwards.
Lawrence was the fifth of the thirteen chil
dren of Dea. Ezra and Mabel (Porter) Brain
erd, but when nine years old went to Troy,
N. v., to live with an uncle, Joseph Brainerd.
Five years later he started out to shift for
himself, went to St. Albans on the proceeds
of walnuts he had gathered and sold, and
with a capital of just twenty-five cents began
the struggle of life. That same year, though
only fourteen, he was sent to Massachusetts,
a distance of three hundred miles, to fetch a
pair of oxen. He made the journey on foot

but executed the trust faithfully. Though
his education had been Umited, he fitted him
self to teach district school and that pursuit
he foUowed for several winters. Then he
became a clerk in a store, and, in 1816, em
barked in business for himself, and with his
foresight, courage and large judgment rapidly
enlarged his operations, acquiring additional
wealth at every step.
He conducted a large mercantile estab
lishment, doing an extensive barter with the
farmers. He also engaged in farming and
sheep raising, and as "railroad tiraes" ap
proached took hold of these enterprises with
all his energy. With John Smith and Joseph
Clark he effected the construction of the
Vermont & Canada R. R., borrowing ^500,-
000 on their personal credit before any stock
subscriptions had becorae available. He was
connected with the Verraont Central either
as director or trustee until his death, and was
araong the original projectors and promoters
of the Stanstead, Sheffield & Chambly, and
of the Missisquoi roads. He was also largely
interested before this time in Lake Cham
plain navigation, built the first upper cabin
steamer that pUed its waters, and was a
director of the St. Albans Steamboat Co. for
many years.
His political life began with service as
deputy sheriff in his young manhood, to
which he was recommended by his reputa
tion for bravery. In 1834 he was elected
representative from St. Albans, but this was
his last office until he became Federal sena
tor, because in 1840 he abandoned the
Whig party, with which he had been affili
ated, on the slavery issue. He was one of
the three hundred and nineteen in Vermont
to cast their votes for Birney for President
in 1840. He stood as the Liberty party's
candidate for Governor in 1846 and 1847,
yielding the post to Oscar L. Shafter and
the "Free SoU" movement of 1848, but re
turning to it in 1852 and 1853, holding the
balance of power so as to throw the election
into the Legislature in 1852, and defeat
the Whigs and prevent Governor Fairbanks'
re-election in 1853. The result was the
break-down of the W'higs, the coalition of
1854 and the formation of the new Repub
lican party, over whose first convention in
July of that year Mr. Brainerd presided. He
was a candidate for the state Senate frora
his county, but was beaten by the old Whig
animosity. But the new movement had be
corae so strong before the close of the year,
that when a \-acancy in the United States
Senate occurred by the death of Senator
Uphara, Brainerd was elected to it by a
practicaUy unaniraous vote, the first man
who had been sent there on purely abolition
ist principles.

COLLAMER.

COLLAMER.

He was a delegate to the Republican
-national conventions of 1856 and i860, and
chairman of the Vermont delegation in the
latter that threw the vote of the state for
iAbraham Lincoln. He called the conven
tion of 1856 to order, was chosen one of its
vice-presidents, and served during the cam
paign on the national executive committee.
He was,of course, a cordial supporter of the
Union cause through the war, and a less
impatient one than most of the old anti-
slavery leaders, because he foresaw that the
end, in the inevitable logic of events, raust
be eniancipation. He had, before the war,
kept the last station of the "underground
raUroad " on the route to Canada, and many
a poor runaway black had been aided by
. him to liberty.
After the war he was deeply interested in
the work of the American Missionary Associ
ation in educating and uplifting- the freemen,
and was president of the association and
always a generous contributor to its funds.
He in fact came to be known as among the
most princely of Vermont philanthropists,
and his donations were in many Unes of edu
cational and religious work. He was a bus
iness man of remarkable abiUty always, and
his training and habits of thought followed
him in his benefactions. He had to be con
vinced that the object of charity was a
worthy one, that the money would be judi
ciously expended, and then his purse strings
were open. Disbursements increased in
magnitude as his means increased, and he
recognized in the possession of wealth a trust
to be executed for good.
Hewas married Jan. 16, 18 19, to Fidelia
Barnet, daughter of WiUiam Gadcomb, and
she died Oct. t8, 1852, having borne him
twelve children, of whom four sons and two
daughters reached maturity. One daughter
married J. Gregory Smith, afterwards Gover
nor ; and the other, F. S. Stranahan, the
present Lieutenant-Governor. The sons
were : Lawrence, Aldis, Erastus P., and
Herbert, who have aU been men of promi
nence.
COLLAMER, JACOB.— Judge, both
representative and senator in Congress, post
master-general under Taylor, the only Ver
monter before Proctor to serve in the
cabinet, is the man whose statue, as the rep
resentative Vermonter, stands with that of
Ethan Allen in legislative hall at Washing
ton. He was born at Troy, N. Y., Jan. 8,
1791, the son of Sarauel and Elizabeth (Van
Ormun) Collamer, the third of eight chU
dren. His father was a soldier of the Revo
lution and of a family that had for genera
tions been prominent in Massachusetts,
" CoUamores Ledge " being naraed after one
member, Capt. Anthony Collamer, who was

shipwrecked there. Samuel Collamer carae
to Vermont when Jacob was about four
years old. Early in youth, ambition and
thirst for knowledge possessed the boy, and
by his own energy and industry he procured
the means to prosecute preparatory collegi
ate and professional study and yet was
fitted for admission to the University of
Vermont at the age of fifteen. He gradu
ated in 18 10, and then studied law with Mr.
Langworthy and later with Benjamin Swift
at St. Albans, being admitted to the bar in
1813. There was an interruption in 1812
when he was drafted into the detailed militia
service and served in the frontier campaign
as lieutenant of artillery.
In 1 8 16 he moved to Royalton, where he
practiced his profession with growing repu
tation for twenty years, until in 1836 he
went to Woodstock. He was for several
years register of probate in the Royalton
district. He represented that town in the
Legislatures of 1821, '22, '27 and '28. He
was state's attorney for Windsor county
in 1822, '23 and '24. He was a member
of the constitutional convention of 1836,
that did away with the old Governor's
council and established the state Senate,
and took a leading part in effecting the
change. In 1833, unexpectedly to himself, Mr.
Collamer was elected one of the assistant
judges of the Suprerae Court, and regularly
re-elected until 1842, when he declined
further service. If his career had ended
here it would have been distinguished ; as a
nisi prius judge he was extraordinarily well
equipped by habit and training of mind.
As Judge Jaraes Barertt, long his partner,
says of hira : "Without any of the qualities
designated fancy, imagination, brilliancy,
or genius, his mind was made up of a clear
and ready perception, acuteness of discrimi
nation, a facile faculty of analysis, an apt
ness and ease in rigid and simple logic,
exceUent coraraon sense, and withal, a most
tenacious memory of facts. These qualities
of .mind enabled him to serve and master all
the substantial purposes of professional and
judicial avocation without his becoming era
phatically a judicial scholar. What his law
books contained he knew not, as mere raat
ter of recollection, their substance became
incorporated as matter of consciousness
into the very substance of his raind, which
thus became thoroughly indoctrinated and
imbued with the foundation principles upon
which the superstructure of his professional
greatness arose."
Says Judge Poland : " His published
opinions while a judge of the Supreme Court,
are models of judicial compositions. For
accuracy of learning, terseness of statement,
clearness and comprehensiveness of style, I

COLLAMER.

COLLAMER.

do not know where they are excelled. Had
Judge Collamer remained upon the bench to
the end of his Ufe, like Chief Justice Shaw of
Massachusetts, or Chief Justice Gibson of
Pennsylvania, I have no doubt his judicial
fame would have equalled that of those emi
nent jurists."
But the next year, after a close and hotly-
contested campaign that required two trials
at the poUs, and with Ransom and Titus
Hutchinson the candidates against hira, he
was elected to Congress and entered upon
the national career that continued, with only
brief interruptions and with steadily enlarg
ing fame and usefulness, until his death. His
colleagues when he took his seat were George
P. Marsh, Solomon Foot and Paul DiUing
ham. His first speech was in February,
1844, in opposition to the apportionment
resolution, and it attracted a good deal of
attention. But the argument which fixed his
place in the front rank of the Whig leaders
was delivered in the April following, on the
tariff, and under the title of " A^'ool and
Woolens," to which a large part of it was
given. It is, perhaps, the strongest and
most exhaustive argument ever made in favor
of protection to wool growing, and as a his
torical, constitutional and economic argu
ment was one of the best Congress has ever
heard on the protective side of the question.
He served on the pubUc lands committee
and was its chairman in the Thirtieth Con
gress. He originated the system now in
force of mapping the pubUc domain and
thus exhibiting the real location and raarket
status of every section of land. He was
prominent in the debates on the annexation
of Texas and the Mexican war, taking the
Whig view, of course, but with the modera
tion and independence of judgraent that so
often marked his conduct.
He decUned a re-election to Congress in
1848, but a legislative caucus that faU for
mally recommended him for a cabinet posi
tion, and President Taylor on his inauguration
named him for Postmaster-General. Here
again his clear-headed and progressive
thought brought some good ideas to the
administration, and though the service was
brief, it is the testimony of his associate in
the cabinet, Reverdy Johnson, that the "vast
and complicated business of the department
was never more ably conducted." Henry
Wilson says in his history, the "Rise and
FaU of the Slave Power," that Mr. Collamer
"was a statesman of recognized abiUty and
firmness, and was unquestionably the most
decided of any meraber of the cabinet in his
opposition to the increasing encroachments
of the slave power."
On the death of President Taylor, in July,
1850, Mr. Collamer resigned with the rest of
the cabinet, and again returned to his law

practice in Vermont, and was that faU
elected circuit judge by the Legislature.
The choice between the Supreme Court and
circuit judiciary was offered him, but he pre
ferred the latter and continued to preside in
the county courts, untU in 1854 the young
RepubUcan party elected him United States
Senator as an anti-slavery Whig, in conjunc
tion with Lawrence Brainerd of Free Soil
antecedents. He at once entered the arena
over the Kansas troubles, presented a min
ority report, signed only by himself, upon the
condition of affairs in that territory, and he
was fully a match for Douglass in the great
debate that followed, ushering in the years
of controversy that ended with the admis
sion of Kansas as a free state in 1861, a
result that was largely developed out of his
efforts. He was not and never professed to
be an aboUtionist, but he understood fully
the spirit and purpose and inevitable pro
cedure of the slave power. He long be
lieved that it could be met and defeated by
standing on the constitution, but never by
yielding to its encroachments. He and
Grimes of Iowa, and Fessenden of Maine
were most intimate associates through this
era, forraing in their conservatism along cer
tain lines, and their agreement in economic
views a triumvirate not less useful, though less
conspicuous than that of Seward, Chase and
Sumner which finaUy aroused and brought
to fruition the tremendous moral sentiment
of the North on the slavery question. As
has been weU said of him, he "united the
best traits of the radical and the conserva
tive." He was one of the three senators
from New England who voted against the
tariff biU of 1857.
When his term expired in i860 he was
re-elected for a second term, and fiUed even
a larger place in national councUs. Indeed,
Vermont presented his name to the Chicago
convention that year for the Republican
nomination for the presidency, and he re
ceived ten votes on the first ballot of the
convention, the only Vermonter, except Ed
munds, who has been so honored in the
national conventions of either party. But
his name was withdrawn after the first ballot,
and though there was some talk of him for
the vice-presidential nomination, he was left
to do an important work and one for which
he was best adapted in the Senate, to meet
the storm which was gathering upon the
country. At first, as Sunset Cox says in his "Three
Decades," Senator Collamer was " regarded
as not indifferent to a compromise which
would at least retain the border states, if it
did not stop the movement of the Gulf states"
toward secession. He and Fessenden were
araong the few RepubUcans who decUned
to vote against the "Crittenden corapro-

COLLAMER.

COLLAMER.

123

mise" of the winter of 1861, proposing by
constitutional amendment to forever forbid
any revocation of the guarantees of slavery
within existing Umits, its three-fifths repre
sentation and its perpetual right to recover
fugitives, in other words, to intrench the
institution securely in the organic law of
the land. They did not vote for this amend
ment, but by abstaining from voting at
all, signified their wiUingness to concede so
much if it would satisfy the South ; and
indeed it would only have been putting
into constitutional phrase the doctrine upon
which aU parties had professed to stand up
to that time. He voted and spoke power
fully in the panic following Bull Run, for the
Crittenden resolution, declaring that the war
was waged only to preserve the Union, the su
premacy of the constitution, and the dig
nity, equality and rights of all the states, and
as soon as these objects were accomplished
the "war ought to cease."
But while he was of the conservative ele
ment of the party, repressing the extreme
measures to which the times naturally tended,
he was resolute and uncompromising in his
stand for the Union. The great act of July
13, 1861, which invested the President with
new powers and gave the war its first con
gressional sanction, was drawn by him, and
in the words of Charles Sumner, who was so
often in conflict with him, it was "a land
mark in our history, and might properly be
known by the narae of its author as Col-
lamer's Statute." He offered the resolution
in the amended form it finally took regard
ing the reclaiming and surrender bf fugitive
slaves, forbidding any army or naval officer
under severe penalties from assuming to take
any action whatever on the subject.
He opposed in 1862 Sumner's amendment
to an appropriation biU prohibiting the do
raestic slave trade, on the ground that any
law which should undertake in any way
to recognize negroes as merchandise in
stead of "persons," as described in the
constitution, was " totally unauthorized and
unconstitutional." He offered the biU of
1864, to treat aU negroes who had enlisted
on the same footing as other troops. But
he opposed, as did several of the most radi
cal anti-slavery men, the prohibition of
slavery in West Virginia when it was cre
ated into a state and admitted to the Union.
He stood out against the bulk of his party
in denying the right of Congress to tax the
state banks out of existence. He opposed
also the Legal Tender Act, making an ex
haustive argument against it as unconstitu
tional. He would not admit the " necessity "
or the morality of the greenback issue. He
was not wilUng that the government should
be hke the man who says, " Here is my note,
if I do not pay it you must steal the araount

frora the first man you come to and give
him this note in payment."
.As the war closed and the era of recon
struction came on, Mr. Collamer found him
self more nearly in line with the more
radical section of his party. He denied the
right of the insurgent states to participate in
any presidential election untU Congress had
declared that the insurrection was ended.
He demanded of the South in the last
speech he made, " some security for future
peace." His arguraent for the requirement
of the " ironclad oath " is declared by-Henry
WUson to have been "among the most
lucid and logical presentation, of the reasons
for extra-judicial and extra-constitutional
legislation." He took the ground fully that
Congress could and should control in the
matter of reconstruction. But disease and
death cut short his service before the
struggle over this subject had reached its
great historic intensity. He died at his
home in Woodstock, Nov. 9, 1865.
The judgraent of his cotemporaries was
one of profound adrairation for his character
and abiUties. Senator Morrill, in presenting
to Congress the statue in behalf of the state,
declared hira to be its "foreraost citizen in
abiUty, raoral excellence, and national dis
tinction." Mr. Blaine in "Twenty Years of
Congress" sums Collamer up as "an able,
wise, just and firm raan, stern in principle,
conservative in action," and again, "to de
scribe hira in a single word, he was a wise
man." "Conservative in his nature, he was
sure to advise against rashness. Sturdy in
his principles, he always counseled firmness.
In the periods of excitement through which
the party was about to pass, his judgraent
was sure to prove of highest value — influ
enced, as it always was, by patriotism, and
guided by conscience. Without power as
an orator, he was listened to in the Senate
with profound attention, as one who never
offered counsel that was not needed. He
carried into the Senate the gravity, the dig
nity, the weight of character, which enabled
him to control more ardent natures, and he
brought to a later generation the wisdom
and experience acquired in a long life de
voted to the service of his state and of his
country." Of his personaUty the best picture was
that drawn at a single touch by Representa
tive Woodbridge, in presenting resolutions
upon his death. "You aU recollect the
sweetness of his face. He seemed, as Sidney
Smith said of Horner, to have the ten com
mandments written there." He was a man
who was loved by chUdren, by neighbors, by
all who knew him. He was a member of
the Congregational church for the last twenty
years of his life, and he delivered a course of
lectures, as reverent as they were learned, on

124

POLAND.

POLAND.

" The Authenticity of the Scriptures." He
was for some tirae professor of medical juris
prudence in the Vermont Medical CoUege,
at Woodstock, where he gave short but
instructive courses of lectures. The Uni
versity of Verraont conferred the degree of
LL. D. on him in 1849, and Dartmouth in
i860. Mr. Collamer wedded, July 15, 18 17,
Mary N., daughter of Abijah Stone, and
seven children were the fruit of this union :
Harriet (Mrs. EUakim Johnson), Mary (Mrs.
Horace Hunt, of New York City), Edward,
now in Ohio ; EUen (Mrs. Thoraas G. Rice,
of Cambridge, Mass.), and Frances, who
resides at the old family mansion at Wood
stock. WilUam Collamer died in 1873, being
a man of unusually brUUant parts.
POLAND, Luke P.— Chief justice of the
state Supreme
-" - ' ^ . ] Court, both sen
ator and repre-
sentative in
Congress, and a
man of extraor
dinarily large
brain power,
though without
the qualities of
popular success
in politics, was
born at West
ford, Nov. I,
1815, the son
of Luther and
Nancy (Potter)
Poland. The father and grandfather were
carpenters and joiners by trade and farmers
as well, and the father was Waterville's first
representative in the Legislature after it was
organized as a town. But the family was in
comparatively humble circumstances and
Luke's educational advantages were limited
to a few weeks each year in the public
school, until he was twelve years old, and a
bare five months in the academy at Jericho,
when he was seventeen. The balance of
his youth was passed as clerk in a country
store at WatervUle, and in work upon the
paternal farm and in the saw-miU. But he
was an eager student and gathered such
knowledge from reading and contact with
Ufe that his father approved of his desire to
study law, and he set out on foot with a
capital consisting of just one change of
underclothing, for the neighboring village of
Morristown, and teaching school that win
ter, began the study the following spring in
the office of Samuel A. WUlard.
He was admitted to the bar in 1836 and
by the force of his native abiUty rose so
rapidly in the ranks of his profession that
twelve years later, in 1848, he was elected

one of the judges of the Supreme Court over
a Whig competitor and by a Whig Legisla
ture, though he had himself always been a
Deraocrat until that year when he was can
didate for Lieutenant-Governor on the Free
Soil ticket. He had before been register of
probate for Lamoille county in i839-'4o;a
meraber of the state constitional conven
tion in 1843; states attorney for Lamoille
county in 1844 and '45. His judicial
duties kept him out of active poUtics for
the next twenty years, though he was still
a Democrat of Free Soil sympathies until
after the formation of the Republican
party when he joined that. In i860 he was
chosen chief justice of the Supreme Court
and held the position until his election as
senator. Some important questions went
into the crucible of his thought and decision
during these years, araong them the power
of eminent domain or the right to take pri
vate property for pubUc uses and the proper
extent and limitation of that power ; the
adoption of the common law of England by
the United States ; the subject of easements;
the constitutionality of retroactive statutes;
the acquirement of title by adverse posses
sion ; to what extent promises to pay the
debt of another are governed by the statute
of frauds. His opinion upon the extent of
the constitutional power of the state to au
thorize its soldiers in carap to vote was re
garded as a settlement of that vexed ques
tion, and was followed by several states.
Judge James Barrett says of him : "In
thirty years conversancy with the bench and
bar of Vermont, it has not been my fortune
to know any other instance in which the
presiding judge in his «m/r/«j circuit has
been so uniformly, and by the spontaneous
acquiesence of the bar, so emphatically 'the
end of the law' in aU things appertaining to
the business of these courts. As judge of
the Supreme Court sitting in banc his adapt-
edness to the place was equaUy 'manUest
His mastery of the principles of the law, his
discriminating apprehension of the principles
involved in the specific case in hand, his
facility in developing, by logical processes
and practical illustrations, the proper ap-
pUcations and results of these principles are
very strikingly evinced in the judicial opin
ions drawn up by him, contained in the Ver
mont reports. His meraory of cases in
which particular points have been decided
was extraordinary, and this raemory was ac
companied by a very full and accurate appre
hension of the very points and grounds and
reasons of the judgment. Some of the
cases in which he drew the opimon of the
court stand forth as leading cases, and his
treatment of the subjects involved ranks with
the best specimens of judicial disquisition."

POLAND.

POLAND.

125

Upon the death of Senator Collamer,
having some years before moved to the east
side of the mountain and made St. Johns
bury his home, he was chosen by the Legis
lature to fiU out the unexpired term of a
little over a year, and in 1866 was elected
representative to the lower house of Con
gress and MorrUl transferred to the Senate.
While in the Senate he was placed on the
judiciary committee and piloted the bank
ruptcy bUl, of which he was given charge,
tb enactment. While in the Senate also he
inaugurated, the greatest work of his con
gressional career, the revision and consoli
dation of the statutes of the United States.
The plan, a singularly clear and comprehen
sive one, was his, and passed substantially in
the shape he reported it, the direction of all
subsequent proceedings in the foUowing
seven years was by him, as chairman of the
house committee ; the ultimate decision of
what was and was not law, the sifting out of
statutes that over-lapped one another, or
were repealed because of incompatibility or
inconsistency ; the construing of difficult or
conflicting phrases, the rearrangement of the
statutes by subject and in all the detaU and
diversity of chapters and sections, were aU
guided ultimately by him. This codification
was a work largely judicial in character, and
as Hon. Lorin Blodgett said in an address
before the Social Science Association at
Philadelphia, in 1875, entitled to " a rank
quite distinct from if not higher than any
previous work of the kind known to history."
Both the House and Senate accepted the
work as it came frora his hands and it be
came law June 3, 1874.
Judge Poland fiUed several other important
posts during his House service. He was
chairman of the committee to investigate the
Ku Klux outrages, which took evidence fiU-
ing thirteen large volumes, and whose report
had much to do with breaking up that organ
ization. He took a prominent part in the
discussion of the vexed question of the
Geneva award, advocating the right of the
insurance companies to receive the m.oney
awarded for vessels and cargoes destroyed
by the rebel cruisers where the owners had
received their insurance. He was chairman
of the Credit Mobilier investigating com
mittee, and drew the report which, though
unaniraous on the part of the committee, and
relegating several prominent men to private
Ufe, was regarded as somewhat of a com
promise on the merits of the case. In the
winter of i874-'75, after he had been de
feated for re-election, he was chairman of
the special committee appointed to investi
gate the troubles in Arkansas, and his report
was in direct antagonism to the views of
President Grant and the party leaders, and
strong in its condemnation of the policy of

military interference with state elections and
state governments. It was a vigorous dis
play of independence, such as he had not
often been accustomed to in the heat of the
politics of the previous few years, but natural
ot his judicial mind. There had been a
marked incident of a similar kind while he
was in the Senate when he voted in opposi
tion to the bulk of his party in favor of
Senator Stockton in the contested election
case from New Jersey.
It was in the Congress of i873-'75, while
leading in the Credit MobUier investigation,
and as his great work in the revision of the
laws was nearing its end, that Judge Poland
seemed to be on the crest of the wave of
advancement. There were even suggestions
of him for the Presidential nomination in
the next campaign. But the prospects were
aU dashed at one blow, by the passage of the
"salary grab" biU, so called, increasing the
salaries of members to ? 7,5 00 a year and
dating it back to the beginning of that Con
gress. Judge Poland voted against the bill,
but he would not yield to the storm of pop
ular fury which arose. While other raerabers
hastened to convert their extra salary back
into the treasury, or give it to their states or
benevolent objects, he felt only conterapt for
their terror. "Here," he said, slapping his
trousers pocket, when asked as to the dispo
sition of his extra pay, "here it is and here
it is going to stay." He had had a sharp
fight against the brilliant Judge B. H. Steele
to secure his renomination in 1872, and
antagonisms and claims of broken trades
arose on every side to confront him.
There had always been weaknesses in hira
as a politician. His brainy quaUty could not
be denied, and personally there was a spark
ling wit and genial humor that won some
raen to him, while it seemed to repel others ;
there were accusations of greed in money
matters, of too much grasping of honors for
himself and of too great fondness for whiskey,
all of which had some basis of truth, though
greatly exaggerated and entitled to weigh but
little in the balance against his extraordinary
intellectual equipment. But in the peculiar
conditions of that year, the political revulsion
that extended through the land, they were
sufficient to defeat him for re-election in one
of the strongest Republican districts of the
country. He was, however, chairman of the state's
delegation to the RepubUcan national con
vention of 1876, and was still suggested in
some quarters as a vice-presidential candi
date ; but he himself presented Wheeler's
name to the convention and was largely in
strumental in securing the nomination for that
gentleman. In 1878 St. Johnsbury sent
hira to the state Legislature, where, of
course, he took a leading position. In

126

POLAND.

POLAND.

1882, he made something of a contest against
Senator Morrill for the latter's seat in the
Senate, but unsuccessfully of course. But
a "surprise party" in the convention of the
new second district of that year secured him
the nomination for the House away frora
General Grout. But he served only one term
and despite his great and recognized abiUty,
and long experience, without especial dis
tinction ; he seeraed to be out of the current,
all the raore because it was evident that he
would not secure a re-election.
He was married on the 12th of Janua
ry, 1838, to Martha Smith, daughter of Dr.
WiUiam Page of Waterville. By this mar
riage he had three chUdren. Of these

Martin L., the eldest, was educated at West
Point Military Academy, and afterward
served as captain of the ordnance corps;
he died at Fort Yuma in August, 1878;
Mary died in August, 1865; and Isabel is
now the wife of A. E. Rankin of St. Johns
bury. Mrs. Poland died in AprU, 1853,
In 1854 Judge Poland married Adelia H,
Page, sister of his deceased wife.
He received the degree of LL. D. from the
University of Vermont in 1861, was a trus
tee of the institution, 1878, and founded
the Westford scholarship there in honor of
his native town.
Judge Poland died July 2, 1887.

REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.

The following is a coraplete list of the Representatives in Congress for Vermont. Bio
graphical sketches of the entire hst are given on the following pages, with exceptions noted.

Nathaniel Niles,

1791-95

Orsamus C. Merrill,

1817-ig

§Solomon Foot.

1843-47

flsrael Smith,

1791-97

Charles Rich,

1817-25

tPaul Dillingham,

T843-47

Daniel Buck,

1795-99

Henry Olin,

1824-25

§Jacob Collamer,

3843-49

Matthew Lyon,

1797-1801

Mark Richards,

1817-21

William Henry,

1847-51

Lewis R. Morris,

1797-1803

William Strong,

1819-21

Lucius B. Peck,

1847-51

flsrael Smith,

1801-03

Ezra Meech,

18x9-21

William Hebard,

1849-53

William Chamberlain,

1803-05

Rollin C. Mallory,

i8ig--3i

James Meacham,

1849-56

tMartin Chittenden,

1803-13

Elias Keyes,

1821-23

Ahiman L, Miner,

1851-53

James Elliot,

1803-og

tJohn Mattocks,

1S21-23

Thomas Bartlett, Jun.,

1851-53

Gideon Olin,

1803-07

Phineas White,

1821-23

Andrew Tracey,

1853-55

§James Fisk,

1805-og

William C. Bradley,

1823-27

Alvah Sabin,

1853-57

James Witherell,

1807-08

D. Azro A. Buck,

1823-29

IJustin S. Morrill,

1855-67

Samuel Shaw,

1808-13

Ezra Meech,

1825-27

George T. Hodges,

1856-57

William Chamberlain,

1809-11

tJohn Mattocks,

1825-27

Eliakim P. Walton,

1857-63

Jonathan H. Hubbard,

1809-11

George E. Wales,

1825-29

Homer E. Royce,

1857-61

§James Fisk,

1811-15

Heman Allen of Milton,

1827-29

Portus Baxter,

1861-67

William Strong,

181T-15

§Benjamin Swift,

1827-31

Frederick E. Woodbridge,

1863-69

William C. Bradley,

1813-15

Jonathan Hunt,

1827-32

Worthington C. Smith,
§Luke P. Poland,

1867-73

jEzra Butler,

1813-15

William Gaboon,

1827-33

1S67-75

jRichard Skinner,

1813-15

Horace Everett,

1829-43

Charles W. Willard,

1869-75

Charles Rich,

1813-15

tWilliam Slade,

1831-43

JGeorge W. Hendee,

1873-79

Daniel Chipman,

1815-17

Heman Allen of Milton,

1832-39

Dudley C. Denison,

1875-79

Luther Jewett,

1815-17

tHiland Hall,

1833-43

JCharles H. Joyce,

1875-83

Chauncey Langdon,

1815-17

Benjamin F. Deming,

1S33-35

Bradley Barlow,

1879-81

Asa Lyon,

1815-17

Henry F. Janes,

1835-37

t J ames M. Tyler,

1879-83

Charles Marsh,

1815-17

Isaac Fletcher,

1837-41

fWilliam W. Grout,

1881-83

John Noyes,

1815-17

John Smith,

1839-41

§Luke P. Poland,

1883-85

Heman Allen of Colchester, 1817-18

Augustus Young,

1841-43

tJohn W. Stewart,

1883^92

tSamuel C. Crafts,

1817-25

tJohn Mattocks,

.841-43

tWilliam W. Grout,

1885-

William Hunter,

1817-19

George P. Marsh,

1S43-49

JH. Henry Powers,

1892-

* Biographical sketch

will be found amo

ng " The Fathers.'' § Biographical sketch will be found among " The S

enators.''

t Biographical sketch

will b^ found amo

ng " The Governors,'' j Bic

graphical skt

tch will be found in Part II.

NILES, N ATH ANIE L.— Legislator,
speaker, councilor, congressraan, lawyer,
judge, physician, preacher, inventor, and with
al soraething of a poet, was, perhaps, the man
of the most varied attainments of any of the
fathers. He was one of the first settlers of
Fairlee, and having been a legislative leader
during the state's career as an independent
repubhc, was, with Israel Smith, its first
representative in the Federal Congress.
He was born at South Kingston, R. I.,
April 3, 1 741, the grandson of Samuel Niles,
the famous author and minister at Braintree,
Mass. He commenced his coUegiate course
at Harvard, and, ill-health compelling hira to
suspend his studies for a time, graduated at
Princeton. He studied theology under Rev.
Dr. Bellamy, early exhibiting his tendency
toward independent thought and inquiry
along unusual lines. He was also in these
young days a student of law and medicine,
taught school awhile in New York City,
preached for a tirae at Norwich and Torring-
ton. Conn., and showed his versatUity of
mind with mechanical experiments. He was
the inventor of the process of making wire
from bar iron by water power, and he erected
at Norwich, Conn., where he early took up
his residence, a woolen card manufactory.
He was an ardent patriot in the Revolution
and, though there is no record preserved of
military service on his part, he was the au
thor of an ode entitled " The American
Hero," written just after the battle of Bunker
HiU and published in the Connecticut Ga
zette in February, 1776, which was immedi
ately set to music by Rev. Dr. Sylvanus Rip
ley, father of Gen. E. "W. Ripley, and was
almost universally sung in the churches of
the eastern states, and is said to have be
come the war song of the New England
soldiers. Its concluding stanza read :
Life for my country and the cause of freedom
Is but a trifle for a man to part with;
And if preserved in so great a contest,
Life is redoubled.
He came to West Fairlee with a number
of Connecticut associates just after the Rev
olution, settled near the center of the town
and purchased a large tract of land. Here
he preached every Sunday in his own house
for twelve years, and became a strong reUg
ious and moral force in the comraunity. He
was elected to the Legislature in 1 784 and
was immediately chosen speaker. As a pre
siding officer he won the same success as
everywhere in life, being masterful in parUa
mentary law, fair in rulings, and efficient and
expeditious in the transaction of business.
In 1784 he was also elected with Moses Rob
inson and Ira Allen an agent to Congress to
"transact and negotiate the business of this
state with that body." In the break-up of
128

NILES.

NILES.

I 789,when Governor Chittenden failed for one
year of re-election, Mr. Niles got a few of the
scattering votes for Governor. The same year
also he was elected one of the judges of the
Supreme Court, and held the position until
1 788. In 1 785 and 1787 he was also a mera
ber of the council, and served in the Consti
tutional Convention of 1791, and took the
lead with Chipman in securing the ratifica
tion of the Federal Constitution.
Upon the admission of the state to the
Union he was elected to Congress, serving
two terms from 1791 to 1795. But the close
of his service in Congress did not mean his
retirement frora public life. He again rep
resented Fairlee in the Legislatures of 1800-
'oi-'o2, and in i8i2-'i3-'i4, was again a
member of the council of censors in 1799,
and was again returned to the Governor's
Council in 1803, and served five years until
1808, while he also took a prominent part in
the Constitutional Convention of 1814.
In poUtics Mr. Niles, Uke that other great
Baptist preacher-politician of the state, Ezra
Butler, was a thorough-going Jeffersonian
Republican, all the more influential because
their views were in such marked contrast to
the generality of ministers in New England.
For a period of nearly twenty years Mr.
Niles was perhaps the most steadfast and
most popular champion of Democratic views
in Verraont. His first election to Congress
was before party Unes had been definitely
forraed in either the state or nation, and his
retirement became inevitable as the Federal
ists got control of the state, and party pas
sion was running to a high degree of virulence.
It is worthy of note that aU four of the state's
first congressmen. Senators Robinson and
Bradley, and Representatives Niles and
Israel Smith, afterwards took the Jeffersonian
side of politics. Naturally, coming from the
healthy mountain atmosphere of freedom,
they were shocked even as Jefferson was, at
the growth of aristocratic ideas and mon
archical leanings which increasingly charac
terized the career of the FederaUst party, and
ruined its usefulness so quickly after it had
achieved its great work of consolidating the
Union. His poUtical feeUng once led hira
to what approached rather near sharp prac
tice for a raan of the cloth. It was in 1813,
when the people of Vermont had failed to
elect a Governor by popular vote and when
the issue in the Legislature hung so long
doubtful. Three of the FederaUst councilors
had failed to arrive at the opening of the
Legislature, and Niles and Henry Olin on
October 16, moved to proceed at once to
the election and fought hard to bring it
about in joint committee. Probably if they
had succeeded Governor Galusha would have
been re-elected, but they were beaten by a
vote of 108 to 102.

Niles was consistent with the spirit and
hope of his party in those days, in being a
resolute antagonist of slavery. He led in
formulating the demand ofthe state in 1805
for a constitutional amendraent to forever
prohibit the importation of slaves, or people
of color into the country.
His name appears all through the records
of the "Governor and Council" alike during
his service on the floor of the Assembly and
in the Council, as among the busiest of legis
lators, alike with topics of raere local inter
est and those of large importance. He was
prominent in 1801 in advocacy of the
amendraent to the Federal constitution for
the election by districts of presidential elec
tors and representatives in Congress, which
passed the Vermont legistature by a vote of
nearly three to one, but failed of assent by
the requisite nuraber of states. He and
Olin made sharp issue with Gov. Martin
Chittenden's address of 18 14, expressing
the extreme Federalist antipathy to the war
of 18 1 2, and declaring it "unnecessary, un
wise and hopeless in all its offensive oper
ations." After fighting the answer ofthe,
legislative committee echoing this sentiment,
they with eighty other Democratic members
entered their solemn protest against it on
the records of the House. It was a time
that stirred men deeply.
That Niles was not ordinarily indisposed
to the amenities of official intercourse was
shown in 1800, when he was chairman of
the committee to draft a response to Gover
nor Tichenor's address, and though they
were on opposite sides in politics and it was
the year of a presidential campaign, the re
port responding to the sentiments of the
Governor was such as was agreed to by the
Assembly without a division. He was alsa
chairman of a committee to respond to
Governor Galusha's patriotic address in
181 2, and being in fuU sympathy with the
Governor did it in a, style that was called
" eminently partisan." He is on record
with Asaph Fletcher and Samuel Shepardson
in 1804, as "entering a solemn protest"
against some of the lottery legislation of that
year, not so much against the principle of
the thing itself as the extraordinary immuni
ties granted the seUers of the tickets. He
was chairman of the coraraittee in 18 14, that
reported against the constitutional amend
ment proposed by Tennessee and Pennsyl
vania to reduc- the term of senators from
six years to , and he was chairman on
the part of thc House of the joint committee
to consider the invitation of Massachusetts
to send delegates to the Hartford conven
tion, and which to the lasting credit of Ver
mont, by a unanimous vote of the six Fed
eralists and three Republicans, reported

NILES.

BUCK.

129

against having anything to do with this
traitorous scheme.
He was a strenuous opponent of the bank
biU schemes proposed so thickly in the early
years of the century, though he did, finally,
in 1806, assent to the compromise for the
establishment of the Verraont State Bank.
Some of the arguments of his reports read
interestingly now. "Banking operations," he
wrote, are " a vicious substitute for that in
dustry and economy, which constitute the
best portion of our means of UveUhood."
" Credit is not less liable than money to be
misimproved, and while the misiraprovement
of money merely diminishes property, that of
credit creates debt and when it is eraployed
to discharge one debt by incurring another,
nothing can commonly be gained. Sudden
changes in the quantity of circulating me
dium are not less fatal to prosperity than all
such changes in the atmosphere to the com
fort and health of mankind. They operate
powerfully, to shift property from hand to
hand without at all augmenting the general
wealth of a country ; banking establishments,
to say the least, possess in a very high degree,
the very dangerous power of producing such
changes, in the circulation of the pecuniary
medium of commerce." The " tendency " of
bank bills would be to " palsy the vigor of in
dustry and to stupefy the vigilance of econ
omy." Among the many other measures of
permanent interest with which he was iden
tified was that of 1803 defining the power of
justices of the peace.
With his work in the Legislature, and the
constitutional convention of 18 14, Judge
Niles, at the age of nearly seventy-four, re
tired from his thirty years of almost con
tinuous pubUc service, and passed the rest
of his days until his death, in November,
1828, at the age of eighty-eight, at his com
fortable home in West Fairlee, and being
until the end among the most revered of
our public characters. A massive granite
monument, typical of his character, stands
over his grave in the center of the town.
Judge Niles was twice married, first to
a daughter of Rev. Dr. Joseph Lathrop of
West Springfield, Mass., and second to
EUzabeth, daughter of William Watson of
Plymouth, Mass., a lady of the highest ac-
compUshraents and the intimate friend and
correspondent of the most eminent philoso
phers and theologians of the period. He
left two sons of considerab' ' intellectual at
tainments ; one of them, . ^amed Nath
aniel, became United Stai'es consul at
Sardinia, acting plenipotentiary to Austria,
and secretary of legation at the court of St.
James under General Cass.
Judge Niles was quite a voluminous writer
and a large number of his sermons, addresses

on one occasion or another, essays and
poems were published.
BUCK, Daniel. — One of the state's re
presentatives to Congress and speaker of the
Assembly just after the adraission to the
Union, was one of the earliest settlers of the
state, a lawyer by profession. He repre
sented Norwich for several years, was active
and prominent in legislation always, and held
the speaker's chair in 1795-6. He was also
in the Legislature again in 1806. He was
in 1792 counsel for Ira Allen in the long
and bitter fight in the Legislature over the
latter's accounts, one phase of which re
sulted in a political revolution, and ousted
Governor Chittenden from office for one
term. He was a member of the convention
at Bennington that adopted the act of union,
but took the lead in opposing that action
and urging Vermont to continue an inde
pendent little republic by herself. He made
the motion in 1794, though then speaker,
by which it was decided after long debate
not to make provision to pay the debts of
those Tories whose property had been con
fiscated by the state. He took a leading
part in the passage of the act of 1806, era-
powering judges of the Supreme Court of
judicature to grant divorces. He was one
of the committee in 1805 that drafted the
resolution to concur in the proposal of Ken
tucky to amend the constitution so as to
limit the jurisdiction of United States
courts by excluding causes between citizens
of dififerent states. He was also active in
the Legislature of 1806 for the establish
ment of a state bank. He appears to have
served the state as attorney-general in 1 794,
as the records of the Governor and council
show an act in October, '95, directing pay
ment for the last year.
His service in Congress from 1795 to '99
was in no way noteworthy, except that as
parties forraed he became an ardent Feder
alist, while his colleague Matthew Lyon was
a red-hot Deraocrat.
Soon after his last term in the Legislature
expired he was committed to jail at Chelsea
for debt, and obtaining the liberties of the
prison took up his residence there and kept
up the practice of his profession until his
death in 181 7.
Buck, D. Azro A., son of the former, also
speaker and representative in Congress, was
born at Norwich in 1789, and was a young
man when his father raoved to Chelsea. He
graduated from Middlebury in 1807, and also
from West Point in 1808, when he entered
the army, being appointed second lieutenant
of engineers ; but he resigned his commis
sion in 1 81 1. The state offered him a com
raission as major in a volunteer corps ordered
by the Legislature. The next year, April 13,

I30

LYON.

he became a captain in the 21st Regt. in the
U. S. Army, which was raade up of Ver
monters, and served creditably through the
war, but finally abandoned the miUtary pro
fession in 1815, and at the age of twenty-
six established himself as a lawyer at Chel
sea, and though not profoundly learned
reached a reasonable success. His easy and
courteous address, with the demeanor of the
real old-fashioned gentleman, made him quite
effective as an advocate and won rapid polit
ical promotion. He was for six years state's
attorney for Washington county, and was
Chelsea's representative in the Legislature
fourteen years, and was speaker in i820-'23,
i825-'2 7, and i82g-'3o, a length of service
equaled only by Gideon Olin and James L.
Martin in the whole history of the state.
He was with William Strong and Stephen
Royce a member of the committee in 1816
that drafted the report in favor of electing
congressmen and presidential electors by
districts, as proposed by the constitutional
amendment that had been sent up by the
Kentucky Legislature. He was one of the
presidential electors in 1820 that cast the
vote of the state for Monroe. He was twice
elected to Congress, in 1822 and 1826. In
1836 he moved to Washington, where he
was connected with the Indian Bureau of the
War Department, and he died there Dec. 24,
1841. LYON, Matthew.— Elected to Congress
from three states, the peppery, red-headed
Uttle Irishman, whose ups and downs in life
with his big ideas and his untiring enterprise,
raade a career that can but kindle the admira
tion of the reader even as it did of some of
his coteraporaries, while it stirred the pro
found animosity of others. He carae to this
country a poor boy, indentured for his pas
sage money, and touched, before he got
through, raost of the extreraes of huraan
experience. His apprenticeship indenture
was transferred a few raonths after he reached
here for a yoke of steers and his favorite oath
in after years was " By the bulls that bought
me." He was born in Wicklow, Ireland, about
1746; his parents were poor and his father
died when he was a boy. He attended
school at Dublin where he got an EngUsh
education and a respectable smattering of
Latin. He was then apprenticed to a printer
and bookbinder, where he got a taste for
the "art preservative " that foUowed him
through life ; but at the age of thirteen a sea
captain, with glowing tales of America, in
duced hira to run away and corae here, even
though it meant several years slavery to pay
his passage. Lyon in after years would be
corae sentiraental instead of corabative for a
few raoraents whenever he recurred to this

experience and his last visit to his mother's
chamber to kiss her good-bye while she
slept. On the sea voyage he was very sick
and tenderly ministered to by sorae aban
doned woraen on board who also suppUed
his necessities for new clothing, raost of his
old having been rendered unfit for use by
his iUness. This was one of the extremes of
life which he touched, and perhaps it helped
to give him the broad human sympathy that
always accompanied his resolute aggressive
ness. He never told, or if he did it is not
remembered, of his first fifteen years in this
country, the working out of his indenture
and his struggles for a livelihood.
But he was in Vermont in 1776, for he
then held a lieutenant's commission under
Captain Fassett and was stationed at Jericho
with a squad of men to hold a post of obser
vation there. The men refused to serve be
cause of the unsupported position, and
cleared out, leaving Lieutenant Lyon to
report the facts. It was strongly surmised
that the officers were as wilUng as the men
to get away frora the post and Lyon and the
others were court raartialed and cashiered
for cowardice. The story, which his political
eneraies were careful to keep alive all
through his career was that he was presented
with a wooden sword, and raade to ride
about the camp, and he was caUed in derision
the " Knight of the wooden sword." But
General Schuyler reinstated him, and in July,
1777, appointed him paymaster of the North
ern array.
Before the end of that year and after the
battle of Bennington, we find him in ArUng
ton and a laborer on the farm of Governor
Chittenden, with whom he had apparently
come to take possession of the confiscated
estates of the Tories and who raade him also
deputy secretary for the Governor, and clerk
of the court of confiscation until 1780. He
got himself into one of his scrapes in later
years and suffered some opprobrium, because
he refused to give up the records of this
court. He married the widow Beulah Galusha,
daughter of the Governor, an inteUigent,
warm-hearted and benevolent, though rather
coarse woraan, and was soon a rising man.
He had before wedded a woman by the name
of Hosford, who died after bearing him four
children. He became a captain and colonel of the
mihtia and served the state in its contests
with New York.
He represented Arlington in the Legisla
ture in i779-'82, serving on iraportant com
mittees. He was one of the original gran
tees of Fair Haven under the new state's
authority and moved there in 1783, having
already established a saw and grist miU there.
He erected an iron miU in 1785 and a

LYON.

LYON.

131

paper mill soon after. He manufactured
paper frora bass wood, and with some suc
cess, long years before it was thought of any
where else, and in his iron raiU he turned
-out hoes, axes and various agricultural im
plements, but the business was mainly the
making of iron, from the ore imported frora
abroad, into naU rods which were then raan-
nfactured into nails by hand. During the
time of his prosperity he employed a large
number of hands. He drew distinctions of
honor between his business and his pubhc
relations that could weU be emulated in these
days of subsidy and special privUeges. Once
he endeavored to get a legislative act giving
him the exclusive right of sUtting iron in the
state and he counted every meraber frora
Bennington county as a supporter of the
b)iU because a poUtical friend. But after
hearing the arguraents on both sides he
refused to support the measure himself and
when his name was reached in the roU caU
he asked to be excused, because his con
science would not perrait him to so use the
trust of the people for his private benefit.
He was for years the king-bee of Fair Haven,
was selectman in 1788, 1790, and 1791, the
town's representative in the General Asserably
ten years continuously from 1783 to 1796,
except 1785, 1786 and 1789, and he gave
raost of his time to town affairs till the ad
mission of the state to the Union. He was
a man of multifarious activities. Besides aU
his other business enterprises he started in
1793 a newspaper called "The Farmers
Library" and later through his son James,
a pohtical sheet, the " Fair Haven Gazette,"
In 1786 he was assistantjudge of the county
•court. He plunged into politics as soon as
the state was admitted to the Union,
became a red-hot Democratic leader, and
immediately a candidate for Congress. He
¦contested the election with Israel Smith and
Isaac Tichenor in 1791, '93, '95. Party
lines had not been very clearly formed then,
but Tichenor stood for the Federalist ten
dencies, and between Smith and Lyon who
were in political sympathy, it was a matter
of personal choice. Lyon announced his
•candidacy as that of the "commercial,
agricultural and manufacturing interests in
preference to any of the law characters."
At the first election, in August, 1791, he had
a plurality — 597 votes to 513 for Sraith and
473 for Tichenor; but at the second trial
Tichenor withdrew and Smith was elected by
a majority of 391 over Lyon. The next
election, in January, 1793, also required two
trials, but Smith was elected. Lyon's re
markable strength among his neighbors was
shown by the fact that in 1793 he got 355 of
the 376 votes cast in Fair Haven.
In 1795 he was elected in a close contest
in which he and Smith were the only candi

dates, the vote being 1,804 to 1,783, and he
took his seat in 1797, having grown steadily
in the violence of his hatred of the Federal
ists. His first appearance in debate was in
a long speech replying to the President's
message. He and Andrew Jackson in the
Senate had the distinction of being the two
most rabid anti-Washington raen in Con
gress. In January, 1798, he had a personal
fray with Roger Griswold of Connecticutt
that ruined his position in that body. In
the course of a debate Griswold twitted him
with the "wooden sword" story. Lyon spit
in his face. Griswold started to give him a
thrashing, but was prevented by his col
leagues. A raotion of expulsion against both
was lost by a less than two-thirds vote, though
it had a raajority. In an address to his con
stituents the February following justifying his
conduct, Lyon said that if he had borne the
insult he should have been "bandied about
in all the newspapers on the continent, whieh
are supported by British money and federal
patronage, as a raean poltroon. The district
which sent rae would have been scandalized."
But perhaps the thing with which Lyon's
name is most strikingly linked in history is
his martyrdom to the alien and sedition law.
At the October terra of the United States
court at Rutland in 1798 he was indicted
for " scurrilous, scandalous, malicious, and
defamatory language " about ¦ President
Adams, written in June, fourteen days be
fore the passage of the law, but published in
the Windsor Journal the last of July. The
language, though Lyonesque decidedly, was
no worse than has been used thousands of
times in , every political carapaign without
other effect than an amused pity that men
will so lose their heads, and the prosecu
tion was an illustration of the dangerous
and vicious tendency which Federalist
ideas had taken after their great service
in consolidating the Union. The article was
about appointments and removals and the
use of religion to make men hate each other
— all legitimate though exaggerated argu
ment — and the offensive words about Presi
dent Adams were these : " Every considera
tion of pubhc welfare swallowed up in a con
tinual grasp for power, unbounded thirst for
ridiculous pomp, foolish adulation or selfish
avarice." He was also accused of having " malic
iously" procured the publication of a letter
from France which reflected somewhat
severely on the government. Lyon pleaded his
own case at the trial, but was convicted and
sentenced to four raonths imprisonment and
a ^1,000 fine. He was committed to jail at
Vergennes and treated with inexcusable hard
ship.. But the prosecution only increased
his popularity. While in the jail, he was
re-elected to Congress by five hundred ma-

LYON.

MORRIS.

jority. The sentence expired in February,
1799, and he only saved himself from re
arrest by proclaiming that he was on the way
to PhUadelphia, as a member of Congress.
His journey was one of triumph in a coach
and four under the American flag and with a
succession of fetes along the way, especially
at Bennington. He was for the time being
a party and popular hero. Another effort
was made to expel him, but without success.
In the prolonged contest over the presiden
tial election of 1800, he became prominent
by finally casting the vote of the state, which
had been divided in the House, for Jefferson,
and in after years when out of teraper with
that great leader, he said, " I raade him, and
can unmake him." This was of course an
exaggeration, as Bayard, of Delaware, also
cast the vote of that state for Jefferson,
while Maryland voted blank, and Jefferson
had nine of the sixteen states, without Ver
mont. But his neglect of his extensive business
while in jaU and so immersed in politics, with
the bitter antagonisms engendered by the
prosecution, had ruined hira financially and he
determined to quit Vermont and start anew
in life. So putting his affairs into liquida
tion, and settUng his debts as best he could,
on the expiration of his terra in Congress he
moved to Kentucky, estabhshed the first
printing office in the state at what is now
Eddyville, and again engaged in extensive
business operations and was again elected to
Congress in 1804, serving until 18 10. He
again feU into business disaster, owing to his
failure during the war of 181 2, to deliver to
the government in season some ships he had
contracted to construct, and he again struck
out to new fields, going to Arkansas, whence
he was, in 1820, chosen the first delegate to
Congress, but died at Little Rock, August i,
before taking his seat. One of his sons,
Chittenden Lyon, was also afterward a mem
ber of Congress. Another, Matthew, was a
man of considerable business prominence in
Kentucky, and a Jackson elector. General
H. B. Lyon of Kentucky was also the latter's
son. That this "ardent, combative, rough and
ready Irishman" as Pliney H. White charac
terizes him, this "rough and wilful raan" as
A. N. Adams, the historian of Fair Haven,
styles hira, was a man of extraordinary
qualities as his career sufficiently attests.
Among the men with whom he came into
friendly contact he was wonderfully popular.
He was a forceful writer, an independent
thinker, full of moral courage, and physical
also, notwithstanding the episode of 1776.
He dispensed a generous hospitality always.
He was a business genius, and unsuccessful
mainly because instead of looking out for
himself alone he was always ambitious to

buUd up prosperity around him. Perhaps
the personal ugliness that so often appeared
in him was due to the fact that like Ethan
AUen he was often a deep drinker. One of
the traditions stiU preserved at Arlington,
where perhaps much of the old Tory feeling
is handed down, is that of often seeing
AUen, Lyon and most of the old Vermont
heroes staggering drunk through the streets
in squads after their meetings of state.
In 1840, Congress refunded to Colonel
Lyon's heirs the fine that he paid under the
sedition law.
MORRIS, Lewis R.— Six years congress
man, prominent in the last days of Ver
mont's independence, and in the negotia
tions which resulted in her admission to the
Union ; was a native of New York, where he
was born, Nov. 2, 1760, of one of the most
illustrious famiUes of the colonial period.
The family influence secured a grant of land
for him in Springfield, which was settied
under a charter from New York, and he
came to the new state about 1786, and at
once became prominent in business and
poUtical affairs of both the town and county.
Though his land tities originated in New
York authority, he came to the state after
the controversy had practically ceased, and
no distinction was made against hira on this
account. He was a member of the Benning
ton convention that voted to ratify the
Federal constitution ; was influential in carry
ing the vote, and was one of the com
missioners to Congress that completed the
negotiation for admission to the Union in
1791. He represented Springfield in the General
Assembly in 1 79S-'96, i8o3-'o5-'o6-'o8. He
was secretary of the Constitutional Conven
tion held in Windsor in 1793. From 1797
to 1803 he was a member of the National
House of Representatives, and though an
ardent FederaUst in poUtics, he assisted in
ending the long contest over the presi
dential election of 1800, and to defeat the
Federalist intrigue to supplant Jefferson with
Burr, by absenting himself on the thirty-
sixth ballot and allowing Lyon to cast the
vote of .the state for Jefferson. He was
subjected to much bitter criticism at the
time, for this action ; but history has amply
justified it with the revelations of after years
about Burr's character.
Many are the anecdotes told of General
Morris, aU going to show that he was kind
and considerate to those in humble circum
stances with whom he had to deal. He was
a complete gentleman ; the ease and grace
of his manner under aU circumstances made
him a general favorite. Soon after settiing
in Springfield he married the daughter of
Rev. Buckley Olcott of Charleston, N. H. A

CHAMBERLAIN.
few years later his wife died, and he later
married Ellen, daughter of Gen. Arad Hunt
of Vernon. He had children by both wives,
but the descendants of the family have all
left the state.
The last years of General Morris's life
were devoted to rural pursuits on his farm
on the banks of the Conncticut, where he
died, Dec. 29, 1825, surrounded by mem
bers of his family.
CHAMBERLAIN, WILLIAM.— A Revo
lutionary soldier, general of militia, councilor,
judge, congressman and Lieutenant-Gov
ernor, was born at Hopkinton, Mass., in
1753, and, when twenty years old, moved
with his father to London, N. H. He en
listed proraptiy when the war for independ
ence opened, was in the Canada expedition
as an orderly sergeant, and one of nine
officers and privates out of a company of
seventy that survived to take part in the
battle of Trenton, N. J. He soon after re
turned to his New Hampshire home, but
volunteered again upon Burgoyne's invasion,
and was in the battle of Bennington where
he distinguished himself by his bravery, and
brought away some trophies of personal com
bat with the enemy. He settled in Peacham
about 1780, being clerk of the proprietors of
the town, and was town clerk for twelve
years ; justice of the peace twenty-four years ;
town representative twelve years, 1785 and
'87 to 1796, and in 1805 and 1808; chief
judge of the Caledonia county court seven
teen years, 1787 to 1803, and in 1814, and
councilor seven years, from 1796 to 1803.
He was twice elected to Congress, first in
1802 and again in 1808, serving only one
term in each case. The Federalist victory
of 1813 elected him Lieutenant-Governor
with Martin Chittenden, and they were re
elected in 1814. He was an Adaras presi
dential elector in 1800. He was for nearly
two decades one of the party leaders — facile
and resourceful in tactics, and very strong
before the people. But he came to the front
in the period of his party's decUne, which
was particularly rapid in Vermont after the
war of 18 1 2, and this fact prevented his at
taining further distinction. The close and
hard-fought election of 18 15 retired hira to
private Ufe finally, though he ran a Uttle bet
ter than Chittenden. He was for fifteen
years president of the Caledonia County
Bible Society, and of the board of trustees
of Peachara Academy. He died Sept. 27,
1828. Personally he was a man of clean and up
right life, sincere in all his relations, both
public and private, interested in the forward
movements of humanity, and of a simple
and earnest religious faith. He had two sons
of some distinction : MelUn, a Maine law-

ELLIOT.

133

yer, who was drowned in Europe in 1840,
and WilUam A., professor of languages at
Dartmouth, who died in 1830. Judge Mel
Un Chamberlain of Boston was a grandson.
ELLIOT, James. — in Congress three
terms, 1803-9, a ™an who had to shift for
hiraself from the time he was seven years old,
and yet, without educational or professional
advantages, was in Congress before he was
thirty, and was for some years the foremost
Democrat of his part of the state. He was
born at Gloucester, Mass., August 18, 1775.
His father was a seafaring man and lost his life
while the boy was yet an infant. The widow
raoved to New Salera five years later, and ill-
health rendering it difficult for her to sup
port the family, young James was placed in
the family of Colonel Sanderson of Peters
ham, as the youngest and most menial
farm servant. He was, however, taught the
rudiments of grammar by his employer. His
mother had before taught him to read, and
the few books within his reach, the Bible,
Pilgrim's Progress, Josephus' Wars of the
Jews, RolUns' .Ancient History, Dilworth's
spelling book, and the catechism, were pe
rused and reperused until he was the thorough
master of their contents. This he was able
to supplement in later years with other
books of travel and history, and it may be
said to have constituted his education.
He carae to Guilford at the age of about
fifteen, and got a position as clerk in a
retail store, where he had the advantage of
an acquanitance and conversations with a
reraarkable circle of literary people, includ
ing Royall Tyler, John Phelps, J.' H. Palraer,
John Shepardson, Henry Denison, and Miss
Elizabeth Peck. According to his own ac
count, young Elliot had come to be pretty
lawless about this time and spent a good
share of his leisure in gambling. It was
only a brief aberration, however ; he had too
much mind to find lasting enjoyment in
such things. His youthful readings had
fiUed hira with miUtary ardor, and at the age
of eighteen he enlisted at Springfield, Mass.,
as the first non-commissioned officer in the
Second U. S. Sub-legion, commanded by
Capt. Cornelius Lyman, and was in the ser
vice for three years against the insurgents in
Pennsylvania, and the Indians in Ohio. Re
turning to Guilford, he pubhshed in 1798 a
volume of two hundred and seventy pages,
caUed "The Poetical and Miscellaneous
Works of Jaraes ElUot," including a diary of
his raiUtary service, twenty-five short essays
called "The Rural Moralists," a nuraber of
fugitive political pieces, and some twenty
poetical effusions, chiefly versifications of the
Odes of Horace, but including several original
pieces, lines of glorification on the adoption
of the Federal constitution, an Ode to

134

OLIN.

WITHERELL.

Equality, another to General Lafayette,
etc. The diary part of the work is notable
for the views it expresses on the Indian
question, uncommon for the tirae, and such
as would make him a leader in these times
in the Indian Rights Association. The es
says, poems and fugitive pieces had been
pubUshed in the Greenfield Gazette, and the
New England Galaxy.
Mr. Elliot had from his youth enthusiastic-
aUy taken the Democratic or Republican side
in the political division, though he was of too
candid a cast of mind to ever be so bigoted
a partisan as was usual in those days. He
was also a warm admirer and follower of
Nathaniel Niles and took the lead in politi
cal discussions in this part of the state, and
in 1803, having in his leisure moments read
law, was admitted to the bar and settled in
practice at Brattieboro. He was elected to
Congress to succeed Lewis R. Morris. On his
retirement from congressional service, in
1809, he published a paper for a while in
Philadelphia, then entered the army in the
war of 181 2 as a captain, but after a brief
service returned to Vermont and resumed
the practice of law at Brattleboro, being
sent to the Legislature by that town in 181 8-
'19 ; afterwards removed to Newfane, repre
sented that town in i837-'38; became
county clerk, register of probate, and in the
last two years before his death state's attor
ney. He died at Newfane, Nov. 10, 1839,
aged sixty-four. His wife, a daughter
of General Dow, survived hira for thirty
years, and both are buried in the Prospect
Hill cemetery at Brattleboro. One daugh
ter, Mrs. D. Pomroy, of New York, was at a
recent date the only survivor of that family.
Mr. ElUot was a man of fine intellectual
equipment, thoroughly honest and sincere,
and with the force of character to raake his
raark. The raistake of his life was that his
energies were so scattered. Samuel Elliot,
so long a distinguished citizen of Brattle
boro, was his brother.
OLIN, Gideon. — Congressman, and one
of the founders of the state, was born in
Rhode Island, in 1743, and came to Vermont
and settled in Shaftsbury in 1776. His abiUty
and force of character were such as to at
once bring him to the front in Verraont af
fairs, and he was a delegate to the Windsor
convention of June 4, 1777, and a represen
tative in the first Legislature under the new
state governraent in 1778. He was also ap
pointed a commissioner of sequestration that
year. He was major of the second regiment
under Colonel Herrick, in 1778, and after
wards under Lieutenant-Colonel Walbridge,
and was often in service on the frontier dur
ing the Revolutionary war. During the

state's independence he was one of its most
trusted leaders ; being in the General Assem
bly fourteen years, from 1780 to 1793, and
speaker six years, from 1788 to 1793 ; judge
of the Bennington county court from 1781
to 1798. After the adraission to the Union
he was equally prominent, serving in the coun
cil from 1793 to 1798, being again judge of
the county court from 1800 to 1802, and
chief judge frora 1807 to 181 1 — a total judi
cial service of twenty-three years. He was
a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
of 1791 and 1793, and was in Congress two
terms, from 1803 to 1807.
He died in January, 1823. Martin Matti-
son says in his sketch of Shaftsbury. "Gideon
Olin was one of the firmest supporters of the
state, and in the hours of political darkness
not a star of lesser raagnitude ; possessed
great natural talents, an intuitive knowledge
of raankind, was nobly free in his opinions,
and decided in his conduct."
Congressraan Abraham B. OUn of New
York was his son. Congressman Henry Olin,
of this state his nephew, and the descend
ants of distinction from him and his brother,
of Shaftsbury, have been numerous.
WITHERELL, JAMES.— Patriot of the
Revolution and the war of 1812, doctor,
councilor, congressman and United States
territorial judge, had a stirring career.
Born at Mansfield, Mass., June 16, 1759, of
an old English family, he enlisted at the age
of sixteen in the Revolutionary service, and
continued in it from early in the siege of
Boston, and being severely wounded at
White Plains, until peace was won and the
army disbanded at Newburgh in 1 783, when
he came out an officer in the Continental
line, with just ^70 in continental currency
as pay for his eight years of fighting, bleed
ing and suffering for his country. With this,
it is said, he "treated a brother officer to a
bowl of punch, and set out pennUess to fight
the battie of life." He studied medicine
with Dr. Billings of Mansfield, and in 178(3
settled in practice at Fair Haven, where the
next year he wedded Amy, daughter of
Charles Hawkins, a lineal descendant of
Roger Williams. He was the hearty associate
and coadjutor of Matthew Lyon in politics,
a red-hot uncompromising Democrat. He
represented Fair Haven from 1798 to 1802;
was assistant judge of the Rutiand county
court 1801-3, and chief justice 1803-6;
councilor 1802 tiU 1807, when he was elected
to Congress, where he had the pleasure of
voting for the act abolishing the slave trade,
which was passed in 1808.
But before his term was completed Presi
dent Jefiferson appointed him one of the
judges of the territory of Michigan, with
executive and legislative duties to perform

SHAW.

HUBBARD.

135

as well as judicial, and whh a jurisdiction
extending over a vast wUderness from the
Great Lakes to the Pacific Ocean and con
taining a population of only about three
thousand in aU. Here he helped to lay out
the new city of Detroit. Here also he had
an opportunity to again serve his country
bravely in the war of 181 2, and he embraced
it. He commanded a corps at Detroit and
when the post feU before the British, he
refused to surrender his coramand but
allowed his raen to disperse and escape
while he and his son and son-in-law re
mained to be taken prisoners. He again
lived in Fair Haven a few years while paroled,
but when exchanged returned to Detroit to
resume his mixed judicial and political duties
which he continued with increasing use
fulness and honor untU, in 1826, President
John Quincy Adams appointed him secretary
of the territory. He died at Detroit Jan. 9,
1838, aged seventy-nine. One of his sons,
Benjamin F. H. WithereU of Detroit, was
a judge of the circuit court of Michigan and
a man of much influence.
SHAW, Samuel. — Physician, councilor,
congressman, and Democrat of the Matthew
Lyon school, was born at Dighton, Mass., in
December, 176S; came to Putney with his
parents in 1778, and nine years later, when
he was only nineteen years old, though he
had had but a Umited education, settled him
self at Castleton and began, after two years
of study, the practice of medicine. He soon
became a leading politician of that locality,
and Lanman says in his "Dictionary of Con
gress" that he was "one of the victims of the
sedition law. For his deunciation of the
administration of John Adams he was ira
prisoned, and liberated by the people with
out the forras of the law." 'Walton says he
is unable to verify this statement, but there
was probably a demonstration of some kind
to furnish a foundation for it. Dr. Shaw was
Castleton's representative from 1800 to 1807,
when he was elected to both Houses, but
accepted the office of councilor. He was,
however, defeated for re-election the next
year, when the FederaUsts elected ten of the
twelve councilors. But he was immediately
elected a representative to Congress, serving
from 1808 to 1813, being high in the confi
dence of Jefferson and Madison, and vigor
ously supporting the war measures of the
latter. He had, whUe in private practice, won
quite an extended reputation as a surgeon,
and on his retirement from Congress was ap
pointed a surgeon in the United States army,
being stationed at different times at New
York, Greenbush, St. Louis, and Norfolk,
and attaining an eminence that was remark
able, considering his early disadvantages. He

was indisputably a man of decided native
ability and with physical powers to corre
spond. He once rode on horseback frora
St. Louis to Albany, N. Y., in twenty-nine
days. He continued in his duties as sur
geon throughout the war and until 181 6. He
died at Clarendon, Oct. 22, 1827.
HUBBARD, Jonathan Hatch.—
Jurist, born in Windsor, in 1768; died
there Sept. 20, 1849. After receiving a lib
eral education he studied law and was ad
mitted in 1790, and practiced his profession
with success until his election to Congress in
1808. He served until 181 1, and in 1813
became judge of the Supreme Court of Ver
mont, continuing in office until 1845.
STRONG, William.— At two different
times in Congress, was born at Lebanon,
Conn., in 1763, the son of Benajahand Polly
(Bacon) Strong, descended in the sixth gen
eration from Elder John Strong of North
ampton, the American ancestor. Benajah
Strong was also one of the first settlers of
Hartford in this state, coming there in 1764
when William was a baby. The latter was
necessarily self-educated, denied even the
advantages of a common school in youth,
and gaining from contact with men and Ufe,
and from the reading of such books as he
could borrow, the knowledge that made him
a man of power and usefulness in his later
years. He was in early manhood, for several
years extensively engaged in making land
surveys in Grand Isle county, a professional
work for which he had fitted himself by his
own exertions. Returning to Hartford and
engaging in farming he quickly became a
man of influence in the town and county ;
represented Hartford in the Legislature in
1798-99, 1801, '02, '15, '16, '17, and '18,
and taking a leading position among that re
markable coterie of Democrats or Republi
cans, including Galusha, Leland, Butler,
Skinner, Richards, and Meech, who so long
ruled the state. He was also sheriff of Wind
sor county for eight years, frora 1802 to
1810, judge of the Suprerae Court of Wind
sor county in 1817, and a member of the
council of censors in 1834. He was first
elected to Congress in x8ii, and served two
terms with James Fisk, Samuel Shaw, WiU
iam C. Bradley, Butler, Skinner, and Charles
Rich for his colleagues a part or all of the
tirae. In 1819 he was again returned, serv
ing one terra.
He died Jan. 28, 1840, at the age of
seventy-seven. He was a man of sterling
integrity, hearty and cordial in manner,
thoroughly democratic in his instincts and
bearing, broadly generous in views and ac
tion, and of ample raental capacity. He
was throughout his pubhc career connected

136

BRADLEY.

BRADLEY.

wwo * •\r— «•- 'tf

^¦¦^^P"'^^.^ :^-^V^^

(THuipHirm'

with events of large importance, and always
acquitted himself creditably in them.
He married, June 17, 1793, Abigail
Hutchinson of Norwich, who bore him nine
children. Of these, Jasper, a man of
superior abilities, was an extensive govern
ment contractor before the war, and two
others, John P. and Charles, were woolen
manufacturers at Quechee, and the latter,
the inventor of valuable improvements in
vertical and horizontal motion. One daugh
ter, EraUy, was the wife of Hon. A. G.
Dewey. BRADLEY, William C— Twice a con
gressman, long the leader of the Jacksonian
Democracy of the state, and its perennial
candidate for Governor, in the opinion of
Pliney White, " aU things considered the
greatest man Vermont has produced," and
whom Webster declared to have one of the
greatest minds in the country, was born at
Westminster, March 23, 1782, the son of

Senator Stephen R. and Merab (Atwater)
Bradley. His youth contained abundant promise of
his brilUant future. He began to write
poetry when only six years old and at twelve
his first prose work was published under the
titie of : "The Rights of Youth, composed
revised and subraitted to the candid reader
by WilUam C. Bradley, Esq., author of the
poem on Allen's and Tichenor's Duel." At
nine he had read the Bible through seven
tiraes 1 thoroughly saturated his young
mind the noble imagery, the right
thougli L 'a I s .bhme eloquence better im
bibed fron., he Scriptures than any otKer
source on es h. At eleven he was fitted for
coUege ; at t ve he was studying Hebrew,
and at thirteen i e entered Yale, but was ex
pelled before his freshman year was ended.
At seventeen he delivered the Fourth of
July oration at the Westminster celebration,
followed by an ode which he had coraposed.
Both exhibited a remarkable maturity of

BRADLEY.

BRADLEY.

137

thought. At eighteen he was secretary of
the Commissioners of Bankruptcy, serving
for three years, and before he was of age he
was state's attorney for AVindham county,
being specially appointed by the Legislature,
though he had been refused permission to
practice before the Supreme Court because
of his youth. He held this position for
seven years. At twenty-four he represented
his town in the Legislature. At thirty he
was a member of the Governor's Council
and at thirty-two was sent to Congress.
His expulsion frora college (for some
prank, of which he always claimed that he
was not guilty, though he admitted that he
deserved it on general principles) greatly
enraged and mortified his father, who fo'r
discipline gave him a dung fork and set him to
work on a raanure heap and finally expeUed
hira from home. He went to Amherst, Mass.,
and entered upon the study of law with
Judge Simeon Strong, and soon showed the
manly, sturdy stuff in him, sufficiently to win
back the stern parent's forgiveness, so that
on Mr. Strong's appointraent to the Suprerae
Court young Bradley returned to his horae at
Westminster and continued the study of the
law, being admitted to the bar in 1802. He
was for a number of years town clerk of
Westminster, and it was in i8o6-'o7 that he
represented the town, and in 181 2 that he
was in the councU. Besides all his other
accomplishments he had, through his father's
intimacy with the great men and events of the
time and by constant and instructive corres
pondence with that great statesman while at
Washington, acquired an understanding of
poUtics on their practical and personal, as
weU as their philosophic side, that was an
education of itself. Few men ever entered
public Ufe so thoroughly and admirably
equipped or so certain of winning the largest
farae ; but he soon developed a strong dis
taste for ofifice holding, while his love of
horae life was unceasing. Besides, after the
forraation anew of party lines after the ad
ministration of John Quincy Adaras, he was
in the minority party, and pleased to be so,
though he enjoyed leading the Democracy in
its up-hill fight, and did so with very great
skill at times and with a relish that was in
inverse proportion to his chance of being
elected. He was the Deraocratic nnee
for Governor in 1830, 1834-'^^- vice
in i837-'38 driving the choice .0 t i^egisla-
ture, holding the organization tog ner against
the Anti-Masonic wave, playi' ¦ warily but
unsuccessfully against Seyiw to get the
remnants of that moveraent when it should
collapse, and still heading the ticket after the
Whigs had gained a secure ascendency in the
state. But when the extension of slavery
became the issue of our poUtics he was
prompt to join the Free SoU party of 1848,

and afterward the young Republican party,
in company with many others of his old
associates, and he headed the Fremont elec
toral ticket in 1856.
He was first elected to Congress as a Jef
fersonian Democrat in 18 12, and was an
ardent supporter of the war policy of the
Madison administration. He was the friend
and intimate associate of Clay, Adams, Web
ster, Calhoun, Graudy, Forsyth, Pickering
and men of that stamp, who were all won and
charmed by his wonderful versatility. It may
be that he shone too rauch in the drawing room
and social circle for the best achieveraents
in coraraittee and on the floor. .\t the ex
piration of his term he was appointed agent
of the United States, under the treaty of
Ghent, for fixing the northeastern boundary,
a work that required five years, and which
he regarded as the greatest service of his
public life. He went in person to the wild
region in dispute and laid down the line
which, rejected by Great Britain and dis
puted over almost to the point of war, he
had the satisfaction of finally seeing adopted
by the Ashburton treaty. He was again
elected to Congress in 1822, and re-elected
in 1824, and this substantially closed his
ofiflce-holding, though he again represented
Westrainster in the Legislature of 1850 and
was a member of the constitutional conven
tion of 1857. During his last term in Con
gress he had a rupture with President Adams
over what he considered a breach of faith
on the latter's part. This was the immediate
occasion of his retirement, and naturally also
of his allegiance to the Jacksonians, as
party lines were reformed, though his sym
pathies and antecedents were such as would
have made him a Democrat anyway. He
had some part in the tariff debates of that
time, though always moderate in his views,
which he well summarized in after years in
his eulogy of ^Vebster, when he said, "Tariffs
are, of necessity, alway raatters of expedi
ency, and an unchanging one would in tirae
defeat itself."
In 1858, he took formal leave bf the bar,
after fifty-six years of constant practice, ex
cept when called away by public duties,
with the most brUliant success, and always
as the acknowledged head. The banquet
and toasts on this occasion at Newfane
forraed one of the most interesting annals
of the Windham county bar. The sunset
years that followed were indeed beautiful.
He had been called a free thinker, because
he was willing to read and to discuss can
didly all that was written on the great prob
lems of life, the works of the German infidels
as well as the Scriptures whose thought and
feeling had been interwoven with every fiber
of his mind in chUdhood. ,He was a truth
seeker always, but never a scoffer. "Theol-

138

BRADLEY.

BRADLEY.

ogy" he once said "is the noblest profession,
law is second to U." "My boy," he said to
a pert fellow once, "never make sport of the
religious worship of any sect, no true gentle
man wiU do it." Shortly before his death
he remarked to a minister "As I grow older,
my faith grows simpler ; I come nearer and
nearer to the simple truth of salvation by
Christ.'' .\ correspondent of a New York
paper, who visited him about this time,
wrote, "He was portly and florid, as if fed on
roast beef and port ; but redeemed from the
sensual by a massive, noble-formed head.
He had a keen bright eye, which gave rae
at once a glance into that capacious brain,
as I have sometimes peeped through the
window of a conservatory and caught a vis
ion of rich masses of foliage and rare flowers.
* * * It is delightful to see this man in the
green November of life, hale and hearty,
ripened and mellowed, with all the juices of
a kindly nature flowing in a full, strong cur
rent in his veins. Such a spectacle does
one good ; we understand better the capac
ity and power of the human soul to enjoy
and impart enjoyment."
He died at Westminster in March, 1867,
at the old homestead where he had remained
after bringing the remains of his fondly
loved wife from Brattleboro, for interment
in the famUy tomb in the August preceding.
She was a daughter of Hon. Mark Richards,
a woman of rare beauty of person, and had
mingled in the politest society of the tirae,
to whom he plighted troth when they were
school boy and girl together and between
whom love and devotion grew till at the age
of eighty-four death separated them. There
were four children of whora only two, Jona
than Dorr and Merah Ann, who afterwards
raarried Judge Daniel Kellogg, survived
until maturity.
Mr. Bradley with his rich imagination and
vast stores of learning from English, French,
German, Latin, Greek, Arabic and Hebrew
literatures, his keen wit and wholesome
nature, was a good deal of a poet and some
of the scraps which he dashed off, notably ".\
Ballad of Judgment and Mercy," may fairly
be counted among the gems of our litera
ture. Rev. Pliney H. White in the estimate above
quoted of him, says: "Williams raay have
equalled hira as a lawyer, CoUaraer as a
reasoner, Phelps as an orator and Marsh may
be a peer in multifarious learning ; but
neither of them, nor any other Vermonter,
living or dead, who has come to my knowl
edge, has been at once lawyer, logician,
orator and scholar to so eminent a degree.
His personal presence was that of a remark-
ble man."
And E. P. Walton says, " Rich in the
wisdom that comes from learning, reflection

and intercourse with the ablest men of the
country, he had also a ready wit and a large
fund of anecdotes, so that in public ad
dresses or social converse he was charming."
Rev. J. F. Fairbanks, says " He possessed
a wonderful raemory, accorapanied with rare
conversational powers. His capacious mind
seeraed an inexhaustible reservoir of learn
ing, wit and wisdom, which poured forth in
a full torrent from his powerful, yet melodi
ous voice, that would hold the delighted
hearers entranced for hours."
J. Dorr Bradley, was of the third gen
eration of this remarkable family, and by
many good judges rated as the most brilUant
intellectually of all, with the large practical

J. DORR BRADLEY.

talent of his grandfather, and the rich origin-
aUty of his father developed into positive
genius. He held no pubUc ofifice higher than
that of representative in the Legislature from
Brattleboro, though he was several times the
Democratic candidate for Congress from his
district. Indeed, he had very Uttle ambi
tion for official place which he could have
readily coramanded after the formation of
the Republican party, of which he early be
came a member. He was also utterly without
care for money. His tastes and desires were
all inteUectual ; the only acquisitions for
which he cared were those of law, literature
and science, with liberal enrichment from the
humorous and the knowledge of contact with
life. Jonathan Dorr Bradley was born at West
minster in 1803, the son of WilUam C.

RICH.

OLIN.

139

Bradley. He graduated from Yale, studied
law in his father's ofifice, began practice at
BeUows Falls, but moved to Brattleboro
about 1832. It was in 1856 that he repre
sented that town in the Legislature, and
greatly distinguished himself in the debate
over the new state house question. He was
prominent in the Vermont and Massachu
setts R. R. enterprise, and was on the first
board of directors of the company. Pro
fessionally, he stood for years admittedly at
the head in this portion of the state, and one
of the two or three leaders of the brilUant
bar of Vermont. As a pure lawyer, a rea
soner from foundation principles, he was
great and masterful, and added to that, in the
words of the tribute of a committee at the
session of the U. S. circuit court after his
death, "his varied and elegant acquire
ments as a scholar, his general and attractive
qualities as a man * * professional labors en
riched by learning so complete, by wit so
rare, and sense so fuU, and inspired always
by so thorough an appreciation of what be
longed to the lawyer and the gentleman," it
is not to be wondered that he won so large a
fame. E. P. Walton says of him : "His
reading was extensive and recherche, his
meraory was retentive, his style of conversa
tion was playful and captivating, and always
appropriate to his therae, his perceptions
were quick and vivid, his iUustrations apt
and beautiful, and his whole air and manner
reminded us of the school of elder times in
which he, had his training." He was always
fond of mechanical and scientific investiga
tions, and especially strong, of course, in
those lines of law that were allied to these
studies. He was facile in adapting himself
to all grades of intellect, a keen judge of
huraan nature, and so a jury advocate of
treraendous power. Thousands are the
anecdotes that still Unger in local annals
of his wit and readiness at repartee. Withal
he was soraething of a poet and dashed off
at differeiit times some good specimens of
verse, especially of a satirical kind.
He married at Bellows Falls, in 1829,
Susan Crossman, who bore him four children ;
WUUam C, a Harvard graduate in 1851, now
librarian at Brattleboro ; Richards, of Boston
and Brattleboro ; Stephen Rowe of New York,
and of the firm of HaU, Bradley & Co., exten
sive manufacturers of white lead ; and Arthur
C, an Amherst graduate in 1876, and now of
Newport, N. H., and who has won fortune
by the genius of mechanics and scientific
experiments which he inherited from his
father. Mr. Bradley died after three weeks of ill
ness from fever, in September, 1862.
RICH, Charles. — Congressman for ten
years, was a thoroughly representative Ver

monter in the first quarter of this century
with its vigorous Democratic growth, healthy
hard-working prosperity and beautiful home
life. He was born in Warwick, Mass., Sept.
13, 177 1, and came to Vermont with his
father, Thomas, in 1787, going aU the way
to Shoreham on foot. Charles at the age
of twenty-nine was elected representative
from Shoreham to the Legislature and was re
elected eleven times. He served as county
judge six years. He was first elected to
Congress in 181 2, and constantly re-elected,
except for the term of i8i5-'i7, tiU 1825.
He was there a member of practical useful
ness, a ready debater, well and quite widely
informed, with a habit of thoroughly study
ing every subject that came before hira, so
constantly growing more active and promi
nent in service. He had only a Umited
education, attending school only three
months when he was fifteen years old, his
aid being required by his father in erecting
mUls, clearing land, etc., but he was always
a great reader, especially of Addison's Spec
tators, had a retentive raemory and a faculty
of analysing and assimilating his informa
tion, and he early began to discipline his
mind by committing his thoughts to writing.
As a youth he was often called upon for ora
tions on public occasions. His mind was
weU balanced and considering his opportun
ities, a well trained one, his knowledge of
human nature was penetrating, and his fine
personal appearance and his open bland
manners fitted him for the great popularity
he so long enjoyed. He continued, along
with his public duties, the miU business
which his father estabUshed, and he took a
cold from working in the water for several
days on some repairs, and died from the con
sequences Oct. 15, 1824, aged fifty-three.
He wedded at the age of twenty a daugh
ter of Nicholas ^^'ells, to whom he had been
attached since childhood and toward whom
he was a lover to his last day, and the affec
tion evidenced by his correspondence with
her and with the children is inspiring for
the depth and richness of hfe's possibilities
which it shows. He comraenced life with
one cow, a pair of steers, six sheep and a few
articles of furniture, on about forty-five
acres of land which Mrs. Rich's father had
given them, but by industry and prudence
from this small beginning he became a very
wealthy man.
OLIN, Henry.— Both Lieutenant-Gov
ernor and congressman and a leader of the
Jeffersonian Democrats to their long con
trol of the state, was born in Shaftsbury, May
6, 1768, the son of Justice and Sarah (Dwin-
eU) OUn, and a nephew of the distinguished
patriot, Gideon OUn. The family was a
Rhode Island one. Henry settled in Leices-

140

CHIPMAN.

CHIPMAN.

ter in 1788 and it \vas there that he passed
his active life and won his distinction.
He was chosen to the Legislature in 1 799
and steadily re-elected, except four years,
¦ nntil 1825 and was elected to the council in
1820 and '21. This twenty-three years of
legislative service was matched by a similar
period on the bench. He was elected assist
ant judge of the county court in 1801, when
only twenty-three years old, and held the
place eight years, then being chosen chief
judge and serving for fifteen years more. In
1824 he was elected to Congress to fill the
unexpired term of Charles Rich. He was
chosen Lieutenant-Governor in 1827, and for
the three years subsequently. His popularity
was so great that he had the nearly unani
raous vote of his town for Governor in 1827.
He was a member of the constitutional con
ventions of 1814, '22, and '28. He became
a Whig after that party was forraed and
about that time retired from public life after
nearly forty years of almost uninterrupted
service. He was undeniably a strong man — one of
the "self-made," so-called — winning his way
upward, in spite of his Umited early educa
tion, by his native wit, shrewdness and
vigorous common sense. He was alraost
Lincolnlike in his exhaustless fund of stories
and apt illustrative humor. He had a great
unwieldy frame, but such was the sense of
power that went with it that it is said, wher
ever he went, men, women and children
would abandon any task to look at him. He
mixed his Jeffersonian Democracy with zeal
ous Methodism, and of his nine children
one, Stephen Olin, D. D., became a famous
Methodist divine in the South, professor of
belles lettres in FrankUn College, Ga., presi
dent of Randolph, Macon and Wesleyan
CoUeges, and author of "Travels in Holy
Land " and other books.
Henry Olin died at Salisbury in .\ugust,
1837, having moved there the spring before.
CHIPMAN, Daniel.— Brother of Na
thaniel, the youngest of seven sons who were
all distinguished men, congressman for one
session, legislator, speaker, biographer of
his brother. Gov. Thomas Chittenden, and
Seth Warner, and a law writer of some note.
Hewas born at Salisbury, Conn., Oct. 22,
1763, fitted for coUege with his brother,
Nathaniel, at Tinmouth, graduated frora
Dartmouth in 1788, studied law with his
brother, opened an office in Poultney in '90
but moved to Middlebury in '94. He rep
resented Middlebury in the Legislature
several tiraes between 1798 and 1808, and
also in 1812-13-14-18 and 21, was speaker
of the House in '13 and '14, and was a
meraber of the Governor's councU in 1808.
In 1814 he was elected to Congress, but

had to resign because of ill-health after one
session. In 1828 he moved to Ripton,
where he had large property interests and
where he did most of his literary work.
His biographies cannot be praised as either
very interesting or instructive, though of
course they have preserved a few facts from
loss, especially in the history of the state
under Chittenden.
In 1822 he published a treatise on law
contracts for the sale of specific articles
which is highly esteemed by the profession
and was commended by Kent, Story and
other jurists. In 1823 the Legislature ap
pointed him reporter of the decisions of the
Suprerae Court, the necessity of which work
he had strenuously urged, and he had pub
lished one volurae of reports when Ul-health
compeUed him to resign. His law pactice
was extensive and in his younger years took
him regularly to all the courts in Rutland,
Bennington, Addison and Chittenden coun
ties. He was state's attorney for Addison
county for twenty years, from 1797 to 1817.
He was a meraber of five different Consti
tutional Conventions in 1793, 1814, 1836,
1843 and 1850. In attending the latter at
the age of eighty-four he incurred the
disease that ended in his death. In the
convention of 1843 ^^ ^^s conspicuous in
the debate over the araendment for the
establishment of the state Senate which was
adopted by a small majority. E. P. Walton,
who saw hira there, says he strongly re-
serabled John Quincy Adaras in personal
and intellectual qualities, and "with equal
advantages in culture and experience in lofty
statesmanship, Mr. Chipman would certainly
have won high repute in the nation." His
ideas were considerably different from his
brother's, or rather ran to an extreme from
the same premises, for his writings are not
able for the distrust they express of democ
racy, whUe sorae of his brother's grandest
achieveraents had their roots in that trust
In state politics Daniel Chipman wiU proba
bly be longest remembered for his part as
speaker of the .Assembly in carrying through
the seating of Gov. Martin Chittenden. The
details of the affair are given in the sketch
of Governor Galusha. Chipraan's part was
to refuse to yield his chair to the Governor
for a joint assembly the second day, holding
that the report of the canvassing committee
the first day, that there was no choice, was
conclusive, and that the two Houses had no
power to canvass the votes or to act on the
subject otherwise than by concurrent resolu-,
tions to meet and elect a Governor. In
other words he held that the Legislature
had no power to act on the report of its own
coraraittee ; if there had been a deliberate
and palpable falsification of the figures there
would have been no escape. In this case it

JEWETT.

LANGDON.

141

amounted to nearly the sarae thing, for the
action prevented any consideration of ques
tions of law and fact, whether certain votes
should be counted or not, on which the
result turned. To the lay mind it looks like
a curious doctrine for so great a lawyer as
Mr. Chipman. At any rate it was unexpected
for the joint assembly had adjourned to the
next morning for just that consideration and
Speaker Chipman's action assuraed to dis
solve it. But he said he had satisfied hira
self by an examination of the constitution
during the night that this was the proper
action, and Governor Galusha and his sup
porters were unable to help themselves with
out violence. Afterwards, whUe the dispute
over the election was in progress, Chipman
ended it by escorting Chittenden to the
chair and having him sworn in as Governor.
He was a liberal supporter of Middlebury
CoUege and a meraber of the corporation
from the beginning. He received the degree
of LL. D. from it in 1849.
He married, in 1796, Elatheria, sister of
Rev. Lemuel Hedge, of Warwick, Mass., sister
of Prof. Levi Hedge, of Harvard.
JEWETT, Luther.— Congressman,
physician, preacher, and editor of St. Johns-
bury's first paper, was born at Canterbury,
Conn., in 1772, graduated at Dartmouth in
1792, and came to St. Johnsbury in 1800.
He began his career there with the practice
of medicine and kept it up more or less all
his active life. He was later Ucensed to
preach by the Coos Association, and supplied
the pulpits of Newbury and other towns for
ten years. In 1827 he started the first paper
in St. Johnsbury, which he styled the Friend,
and issued chiefly to combat Anti-Masonry,
to which he was strenuously opposed, though
he gave considerable attention to slavery and
intemperance. The next year, July 3, 1828,
he issued the first copy of the Farraers' Her
ald, Whig in politics, but ably edited, and
which he continued for four years, when de
clining health compelled him to abandon it.
In 1815 he was elected to Congress from the
northeastern district of the state, but served
only one term. He was a man of varied ac
quirements, scrupulously just, and all through
his later years was one of St. Johnsbury's
most honored citizens. He died in i860 at
the age of eighty-seven.
LANGDON, HON. ChauNCY.— Rep
resentative in Congress, i8is-'i7, state leg
islator and councilor, was a man of very
considerable power, who was kept from the
pubUc employment his talents merited, by
the fact that he was a Federalist in a strongly
Democratic locaUty.
Among the families that came early from
Connecticut to the New Hampshire Grants,

when it was probable that they would soon
be admitted into the American Union as a
new state, were the Langdons. Chauncy
was the second son of Ebenezer Langdon of
Farmington, Conn., where he was born Nov.
8, 1763. Having by his own efforts, secured
for himself a collegiate education, graduating
at Yale in 1787, and studied law at Litch
field, he determined to seek his fortune in the
new state, and removing to "the Grants" in
1788, he pursuaded his parents and his five
brothers and sisters to go with him. They

HON. CHAUNCY LANGDON.

went first to Windsor, where his parents and
older brother, Ira, remained. The young
lawyer, however, with the younger merabers
of the family settled in the new viUage of
Castleton, between Rutland and Skeensboro.
Here Mr. Langdon became an influential
member of the community, in consequence
not only of his superior education and abili
ties, his force of character and his unflagging
industry and energy, but even more on ac
count of his capacity for public affairs and
his proud integrity and thorough uprightness.
He was register of probate, i';g2-'g-j, and
judge of probate in 1798 and 1799. He
represented Castleton in the General Assera
bly in 1813 and '14, '17, '19, and '20, and
'22. He was elected to Congress with the
full Federalist delegation in 1814, during the
last war with England. But it was nearly the
last effort of Federalism in Vermont. The
delegation went out at the end of its first
term and the party thereafter went rapidly to

142

LYON.

LYON.

pieces. But Mr. Langdon who had been a
councilor for one term in 1808, was again
elected to this body in 1823 and continued
untU his death in 1830, While in Congress,
and indeed so long as the party lasted, he was
a Federalist of the most pronounced type,
strong and sturdy in temper and character,
a representative Vermonter of the day. He
was a trustee of Middlebury CoUege for nine
teen years, from 18 1 1 until his death; and
for many years president of the State Bible
Society. "Squire Langdon" brought with him frora
Connecticut a young wife, Lucy Nona
Lathrop, daughter of the Rev. Elijah Lath
rop of Hebron, who, as "Lady Langdon,"
is remembered by some yet living. Besides
children who died in early life, they left one
daughter and two sons : Lucy, who married
Charles K. WiUiams of Rutland, afterwards
chief justice and Governor of the state ;
Benjamin FrankUn, who succeeded his
father as lawyer and judge at Castleton ; and
John Jay, who removed from Vermont to
Washington, D. C, and afterwards to the
South. The Hon. Chauncy Langdon died July
23, 1830, and with his wife, who survived
him four years, is buried at Castleton.
LYON, Asa. — Representative in Congress
i8i5-'i7, member ofthe Governor's Council
one year in 1808, for eight years a member
of the lower house of the Legislature, for
four years chief judge of the Grand Isle
county court, a preacher who preached a
life-time without pay, and yet died the
wealthiest man in his county, was one of the
unique characters of our history. He be
longed to that remarkable generation of
clergymen, including Nathaniel NUes, Ezra
Butler and Aaron Leland, that had so de
cided an influence in the state's adolescent
period. He was always a hard fighter in
theology and politics and in money getting,
a man as cordially hated and roundly de
nounced by his enemies as Matthew Lyon
(to whom he was in no way related), and
yet within his range exercised the completest
influence and commanded the most devoted
foUowing, which was very likely only strength
ened by his eccentricities.
Rev. Asa Lyon was born at Pomfret, Conn.,
Dec. 31, 1763, graduated from Dartmouth
in 1 790, and for nearly a year, from Octo
ber, 1792, to September, 1793, was pastor of
the Congregational church at Sunderland,
Mass., where he got into some controversy
that resulted in his leaving. Soon after he
appeared at Grand Isle, which was origin
ally united with North and South Hero in
one town under the name of the Two Heroes,
then divided into two and finally into three
towns. Here he organized the Congrega

tional church, and was its first minister and
continued to serve it for over forty yeats,
though he was never instaUed as pastor, but
was elected by the members. When after
a few years a difficulty arose about its sup
port he declared that his pastoral service^
should be gratuitous and so they ever con
tinued to be. One of his motives in this
action was to raatch the Methodists, who
were in those days declaiming against sala
ries. But while he proclaimed a free gospel
he had an eye for the doUar in other direc
tions, and was all his days a shrewd and ex
acting, though strictly just, business man,
frugal to the point of penuriousness and
never giving money to any charitable object,
regarding his contribution of services as
sufficient for him.
He secured a fine tract of the most valua
ble land in North Hero, richly timbered, and
built a house of cedar logs containing just
two rooms and a lobby, in which he Uved
and wrote, reared his family, and transacted
his business until in later years, after he had
got wealthy, he built a brick house. He
never made pastoral calls, except in sicknes^i
but required people to corae to him on
church matters as well as other business,
summoning each one by letter, for which he
used about a tenth of a sheet of foolscap,
His economy of time was as severe as of other
things, and enabled him to do thorough work
in each of his multifarious employments.
With all the rest he had, because his wife (a
Miss Newell from Charlotte) was crazy for
many years, to carry the cares of the family
and the rearing of five children. He was
not too stingy to own a copy of the Edin
burgh Encyclopedia, and he studied it and
made himself master of vast masses of its
information. With his assimUative powers
of mind, his vigor and positiveness of logic,
he was regarded, as he was in fact, a very
learned man. Theologically, he belonged to
the Jonathan Edwards school, and he was
the moulder of the religious thought not
only of his congregation, but of the minis
terial associations of that part of the state.
He was also for a long period its foremost
public man and its political leader. He
represented South Hero in the General As
sembly 1799 until 1803, 1804 until 1807, and
in 1808 for a short time until he entered the
council. He was Grand Isle's representa
tive from 18 1 2 until 18 15, when he was
elected to Congress, being the third of the
council of 1808 who succeeded in the sarae
Congress. He was chief judge of the county
court in i8os,-'6,-'8 and '13, being in
nearly continuous public service for eighteen
years. In politics he was a thorough-going Fed
eralist, and with Chipman and Arad Hunt
was in constant tilts in the Legislature with

MARSH.

NOYES.

143

such Jeffersonian champions as WiUiam C.
Bradley, James Fisk, Ezra Butier, Aaron Le
land, Henry OUn, Charles Rich, Mark Rich
ards, Titus Hutchinson, and Samuel Shaw,
who all but two afterward becarae congress
men. He led the opposition to Governor
Galusha in the Legislature of 181 1, and
moved a substitute to the address of the
committee in reply to the Governor's ad
dress. When he was elected to Congress,
so the story goes, he decided that he must
have a new suit of clothes. So he sheared
the wool from one of his sheep, did the card
ing, spinning and weaving in his own faraily,
procured butternut-tree bark for the dyeing,
and had the suit made up by a woman who
was owing hira. Thus he fitted himself out
for service in the halls of national legisla
tion without the expenditure of a penny in
cash. Though his service in Congress ex
tended only through two years, it was
enough to impress his colleagues with his
powers. Another anecdote illustrates this :
One of the committees on which he served
had a bill to frame of more than ordinary
importance, and a member remarked :
"Lyon will draft it so strong nothing can
break it. Let us go down to him to-night ;
but we must buy the candles."
The late Charles Adams of Burlington
said : "There have been two men in the
state whose inteUect towered above all
others ; one, 'Nat' Chipman of Tinmouth,
the other Asa Lyon of Grand Isle." Said
one of his old parishioners : "People would
talk about Father Lyon and his peculiarities
but when he arose in his pulpit every one
forgot the man, or the peculiarities in the
man ; with such a dignity he looked down
upon his assembly, with such a commanding
power of eye, voice, thought, he drew every
one up to him and carried them with him.
All, whether pulpit audience, political oppo
nent or theological controversialist to be
brought over, were not more irresistibly
than agreeably drawn to his conclusions."
Rev. Simeon Parmalee in his sketch of him
for the Gazetteer, describing his personal
appearance, said : "He was a great man in
stature and in powers of mind. He had a
dark complexion, coarse features, powerful
build, more than six feet in height, large
boned, giant-framed and a Httle stooping."
He died AprU 4, 1841, in his seventy-
eighth year.
MARSH, Charles.— Congressman one
term, but greatest as a lawyer, standing undis-
putedly at the head of the bar of the -state
for manv years, was a member of one of the
remarkable families of the state, being the
son of Lieut. Gov. Joseph Marsh. He was
born at Lebanon, Conn., July 10, 1765, but

carae to Hartford, in this state, with the
family in 1773. Fie was graduated from
Dartmouth, in 1786, took a course in the
famous law school of Judge Reeves at Litch
field, Conn., and estabhshed himself in
practice at Woodstock. His honors were
nearly aU in the line of his profession up to the
time of his election to Congress. He was ap
pointed in 1797 by President Washington to
the then comparatively unimportant position
of district attorney forthe district of Vermont,
serving until 1801. In 18 14 he was elected
to Congress but served only one term. While
in \Vashington he becarae identified with the
Araerican Colonization Society as one of its
founders. He acquired great popularity as
a patron of benevolent societies generaUy, and
was a highly influential and useful citizen.
He raade three notable speeches while in the
House, on the tariff, the war with Mexico,
and the Smithsonian Institution, the latter a
particularly thoughtful one. He was chosen
one of the board of trustees of Dartmouth
CoUege in 1809, and continued as such until
his death. The degree of LL. D. was con
ferred on hira by this institution.
He was twice married — first, June 18,
1793, to Nancy ColUns of Litchfield, Conn.,
and second, after her decease, to Susan,
widow of Josiah Arnold of St. Johnsbury,
and daughter of Dr. EUsha Perkins of Plain-
field, Conn. There were two children by
the first wife, and five by the second. One
son, Lyndon Arnold, was a lawyer at Wood
stock for thirty-three years, and register of
probate for that district. Another son,
Charles, a lawyer at Lansingburg, N. Y.,
died at the age of twenty-seven. Joseph,
the third son of the second marriage, was
professor of theory and practice in the Uni
versity of Vermont. The youngest son,
Charles, spent his life on the paternal estate.
The daughter by the first marriage married
Dr. John BarneU of Woodstock, and the
daughter by the second marriage, who died
when only thirty-four, was the wife of ^\'yllys
Lyman, a Hartford lawyer.
Mr. Marsh died at Woodstock, Jan. 11,
1849, in the eighty- third year of his age.
NOYES, John. — Representative in Con
gress i8i5-'i7, and for years one of the
leading business men of the southeast part
of the state. He was born at Atkinson, N.
H., a descendant of one of the early settlers
of Massachusetts, and of an unusually learned
and scholarly family. He was graduated at
Dartmouth in 1795, and became a tutor
there, and had among his pupUs Daniel
Webster, who in after life admitted his debt
inteUectually to the tutor. Mr. Noyes en
gaged in theological study and fitted himself
for the ministry, but gave it up because of
iU-health and returned to teaching, had

144

HUNTER.

charge of the Chesterfield, N. H., Academy
for a time, and in 1800 moved to Brattleboro
to engage in mercantUe trade with General
Mann, the grandfather of the wife of Gen.
George B. McClellan. There were several
famous connections through the firm of
Noyes & Mann. A partner of one of its
branches, at AVilmington, was Rutherford,
father of President Rutherford B. Hayes.
Mr. Noyes' oldest son was John H. Noyes,
founder of the Oneida, N. Y., Perfectionist
community, which had its first start at Put
ney. His eldest daughter was Mrs. L. G.
Mead, mother of the famous sculptor of that
name. The firm did a heavy business, with stores
at Brattleboro, WUraington, Whitingham and
Putney, and rapidly amassed wealth.
Mr. Noyes represented Brattleboro in the
General Assembly of i8o8-'io and 1812,
and in 1815 was elected to Congress, serv
ing one term as contemporary with Clay,
Randolph and other celebrities. On his
return frora Washington he moved to Dum
merston, where he lived for four years, and
then retired frora active life to a farra in
Putney, where he died Oct. 26, 1841, at the
age of seventy-eight. He wedded, in 1804,
Polly, the oldest daughter of Rutherford
Hayes, the grandfather of the President.
ALLEN, Heman.— "Chili" Alien, as he
was called to distinguish him from his distant
relative and long political opponent, but per
sonal friend and for many years close neigh
bor, Heman AUen of Milton, who was also
in Congress, was a son of Heber AUen and
nephew of Ethan and Ira, born at Poultney
in 1779. After the death of his father he
was at an early age adopted into the family
of his uncle Ira at Colchester and given a
good education, graduating from Dartmouth
in 1795. He adopted the profession of law,
but did not practice very extensively as he
was in public life nearly all his days.
He was sheriff of Chittenden county in
1808 and 1809; from 1811 to 1814 he was
chief justice of the Chittenden county court ;
frora i8i2toi8i7 he was an active mem
ber of the state Legislature ; was appointed
quartermaster of militia, with the title of
brigadier, and was a trustee of the Univer
sity of Vermont. He was first elected a
representative in Congress from Vermont in
1817, but resigned in 1818 to accept from
President Monroe the appointment of United
States marshal for the district of Vermont.
In 1823 he received frora the sarae President
the appointment of minister to ChiU, which
he resigned in 1828 ; in 1830 he was ap
pointed president of the United States
Branch Bank at Burlington, which he held
until the expiration of its charter, after
which he settled in the town of Highgate,

where he died of heart disease April 9, 1852.
His remains were brought to BurUngton and
interred in the AUen cemetery there. He
had rauch of the AUen ability.
HUNTER, William.— Was born in Ver
raont ; was a raeraber of the Legislature in
1807, 1809; was a state councilor in 1809,
1 8 14 and 1815 ; was elected a representative
frora Vermont in the Fifteenth Congress,
serving from Dec. i, 1817 to March 3, 1819.
MERRILL, Orsamus C— Printer, law
yer, judge, congressraan and councilor, was
born at Farmington, Conn., June 18, 1775,
carae to Bennington in April, 1791, and was
apprenticed to Anthony Haswell. On com
pleting his apprenticeship he engaged in
the printing business for himself, and his
first printed book was a Webster's spelling
book. He then studied law and was admit
ted to the bar in June, 1804.
He entered the railitary service in the
war of i8i2-'i5, and was made major in the
eleventh United States infantry, March 3,.
181 3; lieutenant-colonel ofthe twenty-sixth
infantry as riflemen, Sept. 4, 18 14, and
transferred back to the eleventh infantry as.
lieutenant-colonel, Sept. 26, 18 14. He was
register of probate 1815 ; clerk ofthe courts
1816; meraber of Congress i8i7-'i9; repre
sentative of Bennington in the Constitu
tional Convention and General Assembly in
1822 ; judge of probate court in 1822, 1841,
1842 and 1846; state's attorney 1823 and
'24; councilor 1824 and 1826, and member
of the first state Senate. Governor Hall
states that he was also postmaster for sever
al years. He was a candidate for re-elec
tion to Congress in 18 18, and the joint
assembly declared him elected, but R. C.
Mallory, the opposing candidate, contested.
his claim, showed that the result was de
clared for MerriU before the returns from
several towns had been received, and the
result was that Mallory was given the seat.
Mr. MerrUl lived in the honor and respect
of his fellow-citizens, untU he reached the
age of eighty-nine, dying AprU 12, 1865.
The late Timothy Merrill, of Montpelier,.
who held many responsible positions in the
public service, was his brother.
RICHARDS, Mark —Councilor, Lieu
tenant-Governor, congressraan, and one of
the brilliant coterie of Jeffersonian leaders
that so long ruled the state in the first quar
ter of the territory, was born in Waterbury,.
Conn., July 15, 1760, the grandson on his
mother's side of Rev. Dr. Hopkins, the dis
tinguished theologian and divine. He was
a soldier of the Revolution, enlisting at the
age of sixteen, and seeing hard service at
Stony Point, Monmouth, Red Bank and

MEECH.

MALLORY.

145

Valley Forge. He afterwards settled in
Boston, and accumulated property in mer
cantile and mechanical pursuits, until in
1796, he moved to Westminster, where he
also continued in trade. Five years later, in
1 80 1, he was elected to represent the town,
and was re-elected in i8o2-'o4-'os. From
1806 to 1 810 he was sheriff of Windham
county, in i8i3-'i5 was in the Governor's
council, and in 1816 was elected to Con
gress, serving two terms untU 1820. He
again represented his town in i824-'26, and
1828, and in i830-'3i was Lieutenant-Gov
ernor of the state, being associated on the
ticket with Governor Crafts. He was again
in the Legislature in 1832 and 1834.
His son-in-law, WilUam C. Bradley, de
scribes him as in person " lean and taU, of
pleasant but somewhat forraal manners and
in spite of lameness a remarkably active man.
His liberality though great for his means was
discriminating and well timed ;" his "industry
and perseverance whenever occasion caUed
for it were untiring ; his love of order was
so precise and descended to such minuteness
of detail that it appeared alraost incompatible
with much expansion of thought, and yet few
men can be named who united more knowl
edge of human nature, more sagacity and
promptness in business."
His wife was the widow Dorr, and their
daughter, Sarah, married Mr. Bradley. He
died at Westminster, August 10, 1844, at the
age of eighty-four.
MEECH, Ezra. — Twice in Congress,
Democratic candidate for Governor in
i830,-3i'-32, and afterwards prominent as a
Whig, and one of the most enterprising and
far-seeing business operators the state had
in the early part of the century, was born at
New London, Conn., July 26, 1773 and
came with his father to Hinesburgh in 1785.
He was in his young manhood a hunter and
trapper, then branched out into the fur
trade, became associated with John Jacob
Astor in it, and in 1806, and for a few years
after, was the agent of the Northwest Fur
Co. He frequently went into Canada on
his purchasing trips, bringing large packs
through the wUderness, and in 1809 was
agent for supplying the British government
with spars and timber. In 1795 he opened
a store at Charlotte Four Corners, stiU
keeping up his fur trade. In 1806 he pur
chased a farm along the lake shore in Shel-
burne, moved there, opened a retaU store,
also continuing the purchase of furs; en
gaged in the manufacture of potash and in
1 8 10 in lumbering, especially with oak,
which he shipped to the Quebec market.
At the declaration of the war of 181 2 he
was caught in Canada with a large quanity
of timber, and obtained a permit to remain

and close his business. During the war he
was an extensive contractor in supplying the
governraent and army with provisions. At
its close he again went into the lumber trade
with success, and aU through his later years
was also an extensive agriculturist and stock
breeder, his farm containing three thousand
acres in a high state of cultivation, on which
could be seen a flock of three thousand sheep
and eight hundred oxen. He was probably
the largest land holder in the state, and at
his death his real estate was appraised at
$125,000. He was in 1805 and 1807 elected to the
state Legislature. In 1822 and 1823 hewas
chief justice of the Chittenden county court
and he was a member of the Constitutional
Conventions of 1820 and 1826. His first
election to Congress was in 1818 ; he served
only one term but was again elected for
another term in 1824. His candidacies for
Governor were during the period that the
state was swept by anti-Masonry and it was
largely under his leadership that the skeleton
of a Democratic organization was preserved.
But before 1840 he had become a Whig,
being then a Harrison presidential elector.
He was emphatically what is caUed a " self
made man" ; with but a limited education he
won farae and fortune by the aid alone of a
strong mind, an accurate judgment and
resolute perseverance. He was a large man,
physically as well as inteUectually, being six
feet five inches in height and weighing
three hundred and seventy pounds, and yet
he was one of the most expert trout fishers in
the country, foUowing the sport with delight
to his last years, even as he had the chase
with his rifle in his youthful days. He was
always noted for his generous hospitality.
He died at Shelburne, Sept. 23, 1856,
aged eighty-three. He was twice married,
first in 1800 to Mary McNeU, who died
while he was in Congress, and subsequently
to Mrs. L. C. Clark who survived him. He
was the father of ten children, only two of
whom survived him, sons who lived in Shel
burne. He joined the Methodist Episcopal church
in 1833, and for the rest of his life was a
very influential man in his conference.
MALLORY, ROLLIN CARLOS.— Rep
resentative in Congress frora 18 19 to 1831,
and like Morrill in later years the chief
framer and foremost advocate of the high
tariff biU of his time, was born in Cheshire,
Conn., May 27, 1784. He was graduated
from- Middlebury in 1805, studied law with
Horatio Seymour at Middlebury, and Robert
Temple at Rutland, and settied at Castleton
in 1806, where he was preceptor of the acad
emy for a year, then was admitted to the bar

146

KEYES.

WHITE.

in 1807 and practiced at Castieton tiU 181 8,
when he raoved to Poultney.
He was secretary of the Governor and
Council in 1807, 1809 to 181 2, and 1815 to
18 19— ten years in all — was state's attorney
for Rutland county, 181 1-' 13 and in 18 16;
was elected to Congress in 18 18, serving for
six terms until 1831, and becoming a leader
among the protectionists. He was chair
raan of the committee on manufactures that
reported the tariff of 1828, the "tariff of ab
ominations" as the Democrats caUed it, that
led to South Carolina's act of nullification, and
Jackson's energetic measures for the Union,
though it was largely the reaction of the
country against this tariff biU, which had been
calculated to strengthen Adaras' cause, that
had made General Jackson President. Mr.
Mallory therefore was one of the issue-mak
ing men of one of the most exciting epochs
in our national history. He was a thorough
believer inthe principles of protection, like
Governor McKinley of our day, and it was a
subject that grew on his hands. This tariff
was projected at first in the interest of the
woolen manufacturers but ended by includ
ing all the manufacturing interests. He was
the leader of the House debate on it and ex
erted hiraself greatly to secure its passage.
He was also prorainent in the fight over
the Missouri compromise which took place
soon after his entrance into Congress and
he opposed the admission of the state with
its slave constitution.
But sudden death, at BaUimore, Md.,
AprU 15, 183 1, cut short a career which
proraised to become one of continent-wide
fame, and hardly second to that of his great
compeers. Clay, Webster and Hayne, in the
great economic struggle ushered in by the
1828 tariff.
Lanman says of him that " he was held in
the highest estimation both for his public
acts and his private virtues." He was a
brother of Rev. Charles D. Mallory, D. D.,
the Baptist divine and founder of Mercer
(Ga.) University.
That branch of the family has produced a
number of distinguished men of the South.
KEYES, Elias. — Representative in Con
gress for one term, and a judge, and a coun
cUor in state affairs, a native of Ashford,
Conn., was one of the first settlers of Stock-
bridge, whither he came in 1784 or' 85. He
represented the town sixteen years, 1 793 to
'97, 1798 to 1803, 1818, 1820 and i823-'26,
and was in the Governor's councU fourteen
years, from 1803 to 18 18, except the one
term of 1814; was assistant judge of the
Windsor county court eight years, 1806-14,
and chief judge two years raore, 1815-17.
He also served in the constitutional conven

tion of 1 8 14. He was in Congress from
1821 to 1823.
WHITE, Phineas. — Representative in
Congress 182 1-3, was a native of South Had
ley, Mass., where he was born Oct. 30, 1770.
Graduating at Dartmouth in 1797, he studied
law with Charles Marsh at Woodstock and
Judge Samuel Porter at Dummerston and in
1800 began practice at Putney where he
made his home the rest of his life. He
represented the town in the Legislature in
i8i5-'2o; was postmaster 1802-9 j was state's
attorney for the county in 18 13; register of
probate 1800 to 1809 ; judge of probate for
several years afterward and chief judge of
the county court from 1818 to 1820, or until
his election to Congress. On his return from
the latter service he abandoned his law prac
tice and devoted himself to farming on quite
an extensive scale, but was frequently called
to public duty, nevertheless. He was a mem
ber of the constitutional convention of 1836,
and was a state senator in 1838-40. He
was for several years president of the Ver
mont Bible and Verraont Colonization So
cieties, and was prorainent in Masonry,
being grand master of the Grand Lodge of
the state. He was also one of the trustees
of Middlebury College. He was. a man of
solid rather than brilliant abilities, always
fulfilling faithfully and creditably the many
positions of trust to which he was called.
He died at Putney, July 6, 1847, at the age
of seventy-six. His wife, who survived him
for nine years, was Esther, daughter of Nehe
miah and Hepziba Stevens of Plainfield,
Conn., and he married her July 5, 1801.
WALES, George E. — Judge, speaker
of the lower house of the Legislature and
four years in Congress, was born in West
minster May 13, 1792, studied law in the
offices of Gen. Stephen R. Bradley at West
minster and Titus Hutchinson at Woodstock,
was adraitted to the Windsor county bar in
1 81 2, and settled at Hartford that year. A
man of brilliant parts, he rapidly rose to
success and prominence. He was Hartford's
representative in the Legislature in 1822,
1823 and 1824. He was in his first term
elected speaker on the resignation of D.
Azro A. Buck, and he was re-elected in 1823
and 1824, holding the position as long as
he was in the House. A nomination to
Congress followed these triumphs, and he
was elected in 1825, and re-elected in 1829.
But here he formed habits of dissipation
that brought rauch criticism upon him and
really wrecked his political career, though
doubtless his prominence in Masonry, being
grand master in i825-'27, just as the wave
of Anti-Masonry was beginning its sweep of
the state, had more to do with it. At least

ALLEN.

147

Jit brought attack for things that would other
wise have passed without mention. Doubt
less also the attack and defeat aggravated
the evil. After leaving Congress he located
in different places in Windsor county, prac
ticing his profession, but finally returning to
Hartford, where he was elected town clerk
in 1840, and held the position untU his
¦death. He was elected judge of probate
for the Hartford district in 1847, bit held
the ofifice only three years. He was active
in Masonry, beginning in 18 12, he being
one of the charter members of the lodge at
Hartford. Personally he was one of the most attrac
tive men we have had in public life ; accom
plished, eloquent, quick-witted, genial and
large-hearted, ever drawing about hira a
¦coterie of friends and admirers.
He married in January, 1813, Miss
Amanda Lathrop of Sharon, by whom he
had seven children. He died at Hartford,
Jan. 8, i860.
ALLEN, Heman, of Milton — twice a
.representative, serving in all eight years, and
one of the Whig leaders of his time, was
¦born in Ashfield, Mass., within liraits of what
was anciently Deerfield, June 14, 1777,
the son of Enoch Allen. His grandfather
and several of his other ancestors were vic
tims of the dififerent Indian raids upon that
historic ground. On his mother's side he
was descended from Elijah Belding, the
first town clerk of Deerfield. His father
died when he was only twelve years old, and
-a few years later the family, a widow and
younger chUdren came up to Grand Isle
where two of their uncles had preceded
them. Heman remained behind for a tirae
and took a course of two years at the old
-academy of Chesterfield, N. H., then he
followed to Grand Isle, pursuing his classi
cal studies under Rev. Asa Lyon, and read
ing law with Elnathan Keyes at Burlington,
•and Judge Turner at Fairfield, until in 1803
he was admitted to the bar and opened
practice at Milton. Though a modest and
unassuming man, very diffident about ap
pearing in court, he within a few years
secured a clientage that extended through
¦Chittenden, FrankUn and Grand Isle coun
ties, won a high reputation for the thorough
ness with which he prepared his cases, and
-as the best real estate lawyer in the circuit.
He represented MUton in the Legislature
in 1810, and eleven years afterward between
that time and 1826, whenever in fact he
would be a candidate. He was MiUon's
-earUest lawyer and a man whom the people
there almost universally adraired. He was
¦several times a colleague of his namesake of
Colchester in the Legislature, and he being
.a Federalist and the other just as warm a

Democrat, they helped to keep things inter
esting. He was first nominated in 1826 for
Congress and elected only after a close con
test, because his candidacy was entangled
with that of Governor Van Ness for the
Senate, so that he was suspected of being a
" Jackson man " and partly because of a lack
of understanding with the supporters of
Benjamin Swift. He served only one terra
at this time because of these complications,
but was again elected after a protracted con
test in 1832, and three times re-elected. He
served on the Revolutionary clairas coramit
tee where he stood bravely and efficiently
with Hiland Hall against the swindlers from
Virginia. His lawyer-like habits of pains
taking care and thoroughness made his con
gressional service efficient. He was defeated
for re-election in 1838 because of his vote
for the neutrality biU proposed by President
Van Buren against the insurrection which had
broken out in Canada. Mr. Allen's district
was a hot-bed of sympathy with the- insur
rection and he understood fully the risk he
took with this vote, but it was clearly right
and even the entreaties of his friends to
at least absent himself from the roll call
could not shake his resolution to do his
duty. The September election failed to give
a raajority for anybody and he peremptorily
refused to stand for the second contest. It
had been his idea from the first that the un
popularity he had incurred made it injudi
cious for his party to nominate him, but he
yielded to the persuasions of his enthusiastic
supporters in accepting. There was a move
raent afterward to make hira the Whig can
didate for senator, but it failed. He was also
offered the Whig nomination for Governor
but decUned it.
For the next four years he devoted hira
self with all his energy to his professional
practice, but died Dec. 11, 1844, after a lin
gering iUness brought on by a cold contract
ed in the service of a client.
Mr. .\llen wedded, Dec. 4, 1804, Sarah,
daughter of Dr. John Prentiss of St Albans.
There were nine children, of whora five lived
to raaturity. Of these George became pro
fessor of Latin and Greek in the University
of Pensylvania, Joseph W. became a lawyer
of some prominence, and Sarah was the
wife of Rev. J. R. Converse.
His son George describes his personal
appearance as " of lofty stature, over six feet
high, and of coramanding presence. His
strongly raarked countenance indicated that
combination of massive strength of inteUect
with inflexible adherence to principle in
private and public life, which formed the
saUent points of his character. His feat
ures, in repose, wore a slight expression of
severity, which belied the real kindness of
his disposition. The dignified simplicity of

HUNT.

CAHOON.

his manners was perfectly expressive of his
habitual absence of all personal pretension."
HUNT, JONATHAN.— Congressman,
i827-'32, and dying in the service, a man
of remarkable popular strength in his day,
came from a notable Vermont famUy. His
father was Jonathan Hunt, Sr., who was
Lieutenant-Governor of the state in 1794-
'96, a native of Northfield, Mass., a leader
in the early troubles of the settiers, first a
"Yorker" and afterward appointed a sheriff
under New York authority, then an advocate
of the division of the "Grants" between
New York and New Hampshire, and one of
the committee of thirteen, with Luke Knowl
ton, Charles Phelps and Micah Townshend,
to prepare a plan to establish still another
new government out of parts of Verraont
and New Hampshire, and only joining the
"new state" men, as did Knowlton and
Townshend, when they saw that these
schemes were hopeless. He was one of
four brothers, who were all raen of superior
abilities and large influence in the affairs of
this part of the country. Among them was
Gen. Arad Hunt, of Vernon, who got his
title in the command of Vermont militia,
who was a member of the Wesminster con
vention of June, 1776, and who donated
5,000 acres of land in the town of Albany,
Vt., to Middlebury College. One of his
daughters married Governeur Morris of New
York. The distinguished Hunt family of
New York is also a branch of this, which
was also connected by marriage with the
Seymours of Connecticut.
Gov. Jonathan Hunt, the father of the
congressraan, raarried Lavinia Swan of Eos-
ton, a woman of superior intellectual en
dowments, a former pupil of President John
Adams, and their home in Vernon, with its
wealth and generous hospitality, was long a
social center for the best and brainiest peo
ple in New England. With such an ances
try and such surroundings, Jonathan Hunt,
Jr., who was born August 12, 1780, natur
ally came up a man of unusual talent and
promise, uniting as he did uniform industry
and perseverance to his other advantages.
He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1807,
studied law at Brattleboro, and was admitted
to the Windham county bar in Noveraber,
1792. He settled in a practice, which grew to be
extensive, at Brattieboro, and was prorai-
nently identified with the town's commercial
and social life. He was chosen the first
president of the old Brattleboro Bank, after
its incorporation in 1821, and held the posi
tion until his death. He represented the
town in the Legislature in i8i6-'i7-'24.
He succeeded WilUam C. Bradley as repre
sentative in Congress in 1827 and was twice

re-elected, holding the ofifice until his death
in Washington, May 15, 1832, aged only
forty-two. The news of his death was re
ceived almost as a personal bereavement by
the people of the district, so deep was the
hold he had obtained on their affections and
regard. Mr. Hunt married Jane Maria Leavitt.
Araong the five children were WiUiam Mor
ris Hunt, the artist of world-wide renown,
and Richard M. Hunt, the architect, of New
York.
CAHOON, Gen. William.— In Con
gress from 1827 to 1833, and Lieutenant-
Governor 1820—22, was born at Providence,
R. L, in I 774, the son of Daniel Cahoon and
brother of Daniel Cahoon, Jr., the first settler
of Lyndon. The misfortunes of Revolution
ary times brought to comparative poverty
and to Vermont the father, who had been an
importing merchant and was one of the
charter grantees of Lyndon, where the family
has ever been one of prominence. The
elder Cahoon was town representative eight
years, selectman eleven, and town clerk fif
teen in succession. The son, William, suc
ceeded to the latter position in 1808 and
held it uninterruptedly until he went to Con
gress. He was elected town representative
in 1802 and re-elected eight times. Hewas
a delegate to the constitutional conventions
of 1814 and 1828, a Madison presidential
elector in 1808, judge of the Caledonia
county court i8ii-'i9, and councilor 1815-
'20. He was for many years one of the most
influential Democratic leaders of the state,,
and was one of the candidates for councilor
counted out in the close contest of 1813.
He obtained his titie of general in the mil
itia and was the commander of the fourth
division at the time of the war of 1812, with
the rank of major-general.
EVERETT, HORACE.— Congressman
for years, one of the strong Whig leaders,
was born in Vermont in i 780. He gradu
ated at Brown University in 1797, studied
law, and practiced in Windsor. He was
state's attorney for Windsor county i8i3-'i7
and became famous as one of the most suc
cessful jury advocates in the state. He repre
sented \Mndsor in the Legislature in 1819,
1820, 1822, 1824, and 1834, and was aprom-
inent member of the state Constitutional
Convention of 1828, and in that year also
was elected to Congress as a Whig, defeating-
George E. Wales. He was re-elected to the
Twenty-third Congress on the second trial,
receiving 304 majority ; was re-elected again
to the Twenty-fourth, defeating Anderson
(Dem.) and Arnold (Whig), and again to
the Twenty- fifth and Twenty- sixth Con
gresses, receiving 5,183 votes in the latter

DEMING.

FLETCHER.

149

year against 3,841 votesfor Partridge (Dera.),
and was re-elected to the Twenty-seventh —
2,222 majority — serving from Dec. 7, 1829,
to March 3, 1843.
His chief fame in Congress was made by
his advocacy of the rights of the Indians.
Among his notable speeches was that of June
3, 1836, against the Indian bounty bill and
the removal of the Creeks, Seminoles, Cher
okees, Choctaws, and Chickasaws to Indian
Territory, a very exhaustive one, and he pre
dicted that the removal only changed the
scene of war. He died at Windsor Jan. 30,
1851. DEMING, Benjamin P.— Who was
sent to the House for one term, i833-'35,
being elected from the Fifth congressional
district on the Anti- Masonic ticket by a
large majority, was a native of DanviUe,
where he was born in 1790. He received
only a coramon school education, began life
as a clerk in a store and then was for a num
ber of years a merchant at Danville until he
gave up his time to his public duties. He
was for sixteen years, i8i7-'32, the Cale
donia county clerk, and eleven years,
i82i-'32, judge of probate, and councilor
for six years, 1827 to 1833, winning in these
positions the reputation which secured his
nomination to Congress. He served, how
ever, only one session, and contracting a
disease of the bowels at Washington, died
while on his way home, at Saratoga Springs,
N. v., July II, 1834, aged only forty-four.
He left a wife and young faraily.
He was a man of " raore than ordinary
talent, of a calra and deliberative raind,
quick of perception, prompt, apt and up
right in business transactions, gentle and
winning socially, and benevolent in ideas."
JANES, Henry F.— Congressman 1835-
'37, councilor from 1830 to 1834, and state
treasurer from 1830 to 1841, was of a family
that was among the pioneers in Vermont,
and prominent in the early history of several
towns. He was hiraself born in October,
1792, at Brimfield, Mass., the third of eight
children of Solomon and Beulah (Fisk)
Janes. The family came in his early boy
hood to Calais, and he studied law at Mont
peUer, enUsted from there in a company
that was in the battie of Plattsburg in the
war of 1 81 2, and settled in Waterbury for
the practice of his profession in 1817, being
reasonably successful with his cases as well
as in amassing a competence and in winning
popular favor. He was postmaster for ten
years, i820-'29. Then he was immediately
elected a councilor, serving four years, till
1834, and then promoted to Congress where
he represented the district for one terra, and
then was elected state treasurer, serving

three years, 1838 to 1841. This closed his
poUtical Ufe in a large field, though he was
a member of the council of censors in 1848,
and represented Waterbury several terras in
the Legislature, his last election being in
1855. He died June 6, 1879, in his eighty-
eighth year. He wedded, in 1826, Fanny,
daughter of Gov. Ezra Butler ; and Dr. Henry
Janes, a distinguished physician and war
surgeon, was their son.
Mr. Janes is described as a most just man
in every relation of Ufe, with clear, strong
judgment, and conscientious devotion to
duty. FLETCHER, Gen. ISAAC— Representa
tive in Congress for two terms, i837-'4i, was
native of Massachusetts, born in 1784, and a
graduate of Dartmouth. After teaching the
academy awhUe at Chesterfield, N. H., he
studied law with Mr. Vose in that state and
Judge White at Putney, and established hira
self in practice at Lyndon. He rose rapidly
to the front rank of the profession, participa
ting for a time in the trial of nearly every
case in Caledonia, Orleans and Essex coun
ties, and literally wearing himself out with
overwork. He represented Lyndon in the
General Asserably four years, was state's
attorney of Caledonia county eight years and
was adjutant-general on the staff of Gover
nor Van Ness, getting his title from that
source. His health had faUed before he got
far in his congressional service and though
he was still faithful to his duties, his weak
ness prevented his attaining any distinction.
He died in October, 1842, just after the
close of his second term.
He married Miss Abagail Stone of Chester
field who survived hira. His only son, C.
B. Fletcher, a lawyer of Boston, was a man of
brilliant parts, but died of consumption at
the age of thirty-four.
SMITH, John.— Representative in Con
gress, i839-'4i, and one ofthe chief projec
tors of the Verraont & Canada R. R., was
a native of Barre, Mass., born August 12,
1789, and the son of Deacon Samuel Smith.
The famUy moved to St. Albans in 1800,
where young John had only the advantage
of the slender educational faciUties of the
town, studied law first with his brother-in-
law, Roswell Hutchins, and then with Ben
jamin Swift, was admitted to the bar in 18 10,
and formed a partnership with Mr. Swift,
which continued with high success for seven
teen years, untU Mr. Swift went to Congress.
He represented the town in the General
Assembly ten years, from 1827 to 1838, with
the exception of 1834, and was speaker of
the House in '32 and '33. He was state's
attorney for Franklin county seven years,
i82 7-'33. In 1838 the Democrats of that

ISO

YOUNG.

MARSH.

district nominated him for Congress, and,
though the district was strongly Whig, Mr.
Smith was elected, after a vigorous canvass
to which his large personal popularity added
much strength. But it was only for one
terra. The great political storm of 1840
left him high and dry at horae. His con
gressional service was of course too short to
permit any great reputation in it to be won,
but he made one speech, a defense of the
independent treasury idea, which was wide
ly published and counted one of the ablest
and most thorough ever made on the sub
ject. His defeat for re-election to Congress
closed his public life and he returned to the
practice of his profession, until 1845, after
which he gave his time and energies chiefly
to railroad enterprises, and it was to him in
conjunction with Lawrence Brainerd and
Joseph Clark and to their boldness of action
through the most critical emergencies, risk
ing their entire fortunes in the project by
borrowing $350,000 on their personal credit,
that the Vermont & Canada road was made
a reality and the last link forged that was to
connect New England with the great lakes.
The conception was a great one and by
energy and sagacity was it reaUzed, but the
triumph was followed by perplexing and ex
hausting labor to raake a business success of
the enterprise, and the strain and the
anxiety undermined Mr. Smith's health and
led to his sudden death, Nov. 20, 1858.
Mr. Smith was a man of large mold, liberal
and public-spirited, of clean and worthy pri
vate life, and in the words of a local biogra
pher : "An earnest Christian man, -full of
charity and good works, without partiaUty
and without hypocrisy."
He married, Sept. 18, 1814, Miss Maria
W. Curtis, of Troy, N. Y., and Gov. John
Gregory and Congressman Worthington C.
Smith were their sons.
YOUNG, AUGUSTUS.— Representative
in Congress t84i-'43, and a scientific author
of reputation, was born in Arlington, March
20, 1785, studied law and was admitted to
the bar at St. Albans in 1810, began practice
at Stowe, but in about eighteen months
moved to Craftsbury, where his active life
was spent. He represented the town eight
years, was state's attorney for Orleans county
four years, and judge of probate in 1830.
He was elected state senator in 1836, and
was twice re-elected. His election to Con
gress was in 1840, but he declined a re-elec
tion. In 1847 he moved back to St. Albans,
and for several years was judge of probate,
but devoted most of his time untU his death,
June 17, 1857, to literary and scientific pur
suits, and was appointed state naturalist in
1856. He was one of the raost learned men
the state ever contained in geology and

mineralogy, was a great mathematician and
a profound reasoner. His inteUectual charmi
was such, with his easy and kindly manners,
as to give him great popularity, and though
his energies were perhaps too scattered to-
win the greatest success, none knew him but
to admit that he was a man of great talents..
MARSH, George Perkins.— Son of
Congressman Charles Marsh and grandson of
the Lieutenant-Governor, a lawyer, congress
man, diplomat, philologist and of world-wide
fame as an author and scholar, was perhaps
the most broadly accomplished man the state
ever produced. He was born March 15,,
1801, graduated at Dartmouth in 1820, stud
ied law in his father's ofifice, was admitted to
the bar in 1825, and settled at Burlington,
speedily acquiring an extensive practice. But
he divided his tirae between law, literature
and poUtics, and, in 1835, he was a member
of the Governor's council. In 1842 he was
elected representative to Congress and three
times re-elected, until, in 1849, President
Taylor appointed him minister to Turkey.,
The time and the situation were such as to
give him opportunity, which he improved to
the utmost, to render important service to the
cause of civil and religious toleration in the
Turkish empire. The marked improvement
of the system of the Porte in this respect in
the past forty years may truly be said to be
due to Mr. Marsh more than any other one
man. He was also charged in 1852 with a
special mission to Greece, which he filled with
added reputation. On the change of admin
istration, however, in 1853, he was reUeved,
and returning to Vermont, he was appointed
one of the commissioners to rebuild the pres
ent state house in Montpelier, and, in 1857,
he was appointed railroad commissioner,,
serving two years. In 1857, also by the ap
pointment of Governor Fletcher, he made a
valuable and exhaustive report on the artifi
cial propagation of fish, laying the foundation
for much of the work that has been done
since. In 1 861 President Lincoln appointed
him rainister to Italy, and he held the position,
being the patriarch of American diplomacy,
twenty-one years, until his death, in Valom-
brosa, not far from Florence, July 23, 1882.
During his residence abroad he travelled
extensively in the East and in Europe, pass
ing some tirae in Denmark, Sweden and Nor
way, where he has long been recognized as a
leading Scandinavian scholar. His pubUshed
works include a " Compendious Grammar of
the Old Northern or Icelandic Language,"
compUed and translated from the Grammar
Rask (Burlington, 1838) ; "The Camel, His
Organization, Habits and Uses, considered
with reference to his introduction into the
United States" (Boston, 1856) ; and "Lec
tures on the English Language" (New York,

HENRY.

PECK.

ISI

i860) ; originally delivered in 1859 in the
post-graduate course of Columbia College,
New York, in which he "aimed to excite a
more general interest among educated men
and women in the history and essential char
acter of their native tongue, and to recom
mend the study ofthe EngUsh language in its
earUer Uterary monuments rather than
through the medium of grammars and Un-
guistic treatises.
He never tired in delving in the languages
and Uterature of the North of Europe, and
his sympathies appear to be with the Goths,
whose presence he traces in whatever is
great and pecuhar in the character of the
founders of New England. In a work en
titled "The Goths in New England," he has
contrasted the Gothic and Roman charac
ters, which he appears to regard as the great
antagonistic principles of society at the
present day. He was also the author of va
rious essays, hterary and historical, relating
to the Goths and their connection with
America. Still another ofhis works, and one of great
merit, was "Man and Nature," first pub
lished in 1864, and largely re-written and re
published in 1874 under the tide : "The
Earth as Modified by Human Action." He
was collaborator in the preparation of the.
dictionary of the English language, issued
under the auspices of the London Philologi
cal Society. And his miscellaneous pub
lished addresses and speeches are quite
nuraerous. Henry Swan Dana says he
"was a truly learned man, in the variety and
thoroughness of his acquisitions, in all de
partments of human knowledge being almost
without a peer in the world." His Ubrary,
one of the finest in the country, rich beyond
compare in Scandinavian literature, he pre
sented to the University of Vermont, of
whose corporation he was chosen a member,
in 1844.
Mr. Marsh was twice married. His first
wife, who lived but a few years after the mar
riage, was Harriet, daughter of Ozias Buell,
of Burlington. The second, whom he
wedded Dec. i, 1816, was Caroline Crane,
of Berkeley, Mass., a woman of Uterary
power and an author of sorae reputa
tion. Her published productions are :
"The HalUg ; or, the Sheepfold in the
Waters," translated from the German of
Biernatzki, with a biographical sketch of the
author (Boston, 1857) ; and "Wolfe of the
KnoU, and Other Poems" (New York,
i860). There were two children by the first wife :
Charles, who died in childhood, and George
Ozias, a promising New York lawyer, who
died when only thirty-three.
HENRY, William. — Congressman for
two terms, close friend of Lincoln, and one

of the fathers of the now large village of Bel
lows FaUs, was born in New Harapshire in
1788. He received only a common school
education, moved to Bellows FaUs, where he
was cashier of the Bank of BeUows FaUs for
fifteen years, and held various stations in
public life. It was on his motion in 1834
that the act incorporating the viUage was
accepted at a meeting of the corporation,
after it had once been rejected. Frora that
time up to and including 1843, Mr. Henry
was a member of the board of fire wardens.
He was a member of the Harrisburg conven
tion in 1839 which nominated General Har
rison and a presidential elector in 1840. In
1846 he was elected a member of the House
of Representatives and was re-elected and
served two terms. In i860 he was again
elected a presidential elector and during the
campaign visited Mr. Lincoln at his home
in lUinois, with whom he was personally
acquainted, they having served together in
Congress where their seats were near to
gether and they had been in close sympathy
as Whigs. The Democratic candidate against
him at both his elections was WilUam C.
Bradley. Mr. Henry died at Bellows FaUs April 1 7,
1 86 1, at the age of seventy-three, just as the
great civil war was breaking upon the
country. Up to his last .moraent almost, he
followed the progress of events with intensest
interest. PECK, Lucius B. — Representative in
Congress from 1847 to 185 1, was born at
Waterbury in October, 1802, the son of Gen.
John Peck. He was admitted as a cadet at
West Point in 1822, but had to resign be
cause of ill-health after a year's study, en
tered upon the study of law first with Judge
Prentiss at MontpeUer, and then with Denni
son Smith at Barre, and was adraitted to the
bar in September, 1825. He formed a part-,
nership with Mr. Smith, who had an exten
sive practice, but was growing old so that
the burden soon feU upon young Peck's
shoulders. But he rapidly rose in his pro
fession and became one of the leading
lawyers of Washington and Orange counties,
and the worthy antagonist in the forensic
forum of such men as Paul DiUingham,
WilUam Uphara, and Jacob CoUaraer. He
represented Barre in 1831, but soon after
moved to MontpeUer, where he devoted
hiraself to his profession with aU the ardor of
his nature, keeping out of pohtics steadily for
fifteen years. In 1846 the Democrats of the
district nominated him for Congress and
elected him, and re-elected him for a second
term in 1848. While in Washington he was
on intimate and famihar terras with such
great party leaders as William L. Marcy and
Daniel S. Dickinson. He was also twice
the Democratic candidate for Governor, and

IS2

ME.4CHAM.

from 1853 to 1857 was United States dis
trict attorney by appointment of President
Pierce. But these were aU the political
honors he ever held, and indeed he had but
little taste for politics, and Uttle arabition for
its contests or distinctions. B. F. Fifield, the
able lawyer with whom he was in partner
ship in his later years, says that Mr. Peck
often told him that the greatest mistake of
his life was in going to Washington at all.
He resumed his professional practice after
his congressional career closed and to the
end held a rank close to the front at the bar
of the state and being especially potent in
railroad litigation. He was president of the
Vermont & Canada road from 1859 until his
death. His power as a lawyer and poli
tician, too, was in his candor and fairness of
statement, his fine and unruffled courtesy,
his masterful analysis, separating the true
from the false, the essential from the non
essential, and the clearness with which he
piled up proposition upon proposition un
answerable. It was true of him, as his
admiring colleague said of John G. Carlisle,
that he " never had a clouded thought."
He was slow and deliberate, cautious in con
clusions, but most apt to be convincing
when he reached them, and a safe and dis
criminating adviser. He had little of the
art of oratory or the embellishments of
fancy ; he spoke to convince, not to please.
He married in 1830 the daughter of Ira
Day of Barre, an accomplished lady with
whom his home life was a most beautiful one
for the fifteen years until her death in 1845.
He was stricken with paralysis whUe on a
professional visit to LoweU, Mass., and died
there Dec. 28, 1866.
HEBARD, William.— Was a self-made
and self-educated man, ancl read law with
William Nutting of Randolph. He was ad
mitted to the Orange county bar in 1827, and
commenced to practice at East Randolph,
but in 1845 removed to Chelsea, and re
mained there practicing his profession until
the tirae of his death. He was one of the
ablest and most popular men of his tirae,
represented Randolph four years, and Chel
sea five years in the General Assembly ; was
state senator in i836-'38, and state's attor
ney in i832-'34-'36 ; judge of probate in
1838, 1840, and 1841, and judge of the
Supreme Court of Vermont from 1842 to
1844 inclusive. In 1848 he was elected to
Congress, and again in 1850. In i860 he
was a delegate to the national Republican
convention that nominated Abrahara Lin
coln. Judge Barrett of the Supreme Court
pays him this tribute : "I think his promi
nent characteristics were candor, consider-
ateness, integrity and faithfulness. He was
plain and practical, with substantial common

sense that gave itself with faithful effort to
such ofifice as he was caUed to do, and the
estimate in which he was held is amply and
best attested by the fact of his large and long
continued professional practice with all classes
of the coraraunity, by his early and oft re
peated caUs to offices of iraportant respon-
sibiUty, in which his integrity and assiduity
were always conspicuous ; by the universal
respect in which he was held as a citizen, as
a member of society, as a neighbor, and as a
friend." As an advocate, in the putting of his facts
and ideas, his propositions and his argument
into written expression he had unusual facility
and merit.
Judge Hebard married Elizabeth Stockwell
(Brown), Sept. 12, 1830. He died at Chel
sea at the age of seventy-five, Oct. 20, 1875.
MEACHAM, James.— CoUege professor
and Congregational preacher as well as poli
tician, was born in Rutland, August 10, 1810,
and being left an orphan in early childhood
was apprenticed to a cabinet maker. But a
benevolent neighbor, irapressed with his tal
ents and ambition, assisted him to an educa
tion, and he graduated from Middlebury in
1832, took a course of theology at Andover,
and was settled as pastor of the Congrega
tional church at New Haven in 1838. He
had been employed before completing his
education as a teacher in the academies at
Castleton and St. Albans, and for two years,
from 1836, had been a tutor at Middlebury.
In 1846, he was caUed back to the coUege to
take the professorship of elocution and Eng
lish literature. His reputation as an orator,
writer and man of high culture rapidly ex
tended and in 1848 he was elected to Con
gress, served four terms and had been
unanimously nominated for a fifth at the
time of his death, August 23, 1856, at the
age of only forty-six. He resigned his
chair in the college in 1850 and devoted him
self entirely to his public and poUtical
duties. In Congress he was chairman of
the committee on the District of Columbia,
and the severe labors of the position are
what undermined his health. He was
prominent in the opposition to the abroga
tion of the Missouri corapromise, which he
regarded as a contract which both sides
were bound to obey in good faith, and he
warned the Southerners that if they persis
ted it was the last compromise that would
be raade between the clashing interests of
the sections. A number of his speeches
whUe in Congress have been published.
MINER, Ahiman L. — Representative in
Congress, i85i-'53, was a native of Middle-
town, the son of Deacon Gideon and
Rachel (Davison) Miner, and was born
Sept. 23, 1804.

BARTLETT.

TRACY.

IS3

He worked on his father's farm until he
was of age and then fitted for the sophomore
class in coUege, but instead of entering studied
law in the offices of Malloney & Warner at
Poultney and Royce & Hodges at Rutland ;
was adraitted to the bar in 1832 ; practiced for
three years at \^'allingford and then moved
to Manchester. He represented the latter
town four years in the Legislature, 1838, '39,
'46 and '54 and was also in 1840 county
senator. He was clerk of the House of
Representatives, i836-'38; state's attorney
for Bennington county in i843-'44; register
of probate seven years and judge of probate
three years, i846-'49. His nomination for
Congress, by the Whigs frora the southern
district of the state, in 185 1, was secured
after one of the hardest fought pre-conven-
tion campaigns the state has ever seen.
Col. Calvin Townsley opposing him. He
was a man of popular power, social and en
gaging personally. He was twice married
and had eight children. He died July 19,

BARTLETT, THOMAS JR.— Was a na
tive of Burke, the son of Thomas Bartlett, a
man of abiUty and local prominence in his
time. Young Bartiett studied law and set-
tied in Lyndon in 1 839 ; in '4 1 and '42 he was
the state's attorney for the county, in 1840
and '41 was in the state Senate and in 1850
was elected to Congress fora single term. In
the former year he was also chosen the town's
representative and again filled that position
in '54 and '55. He was also a member of
the constitutional conventions of 1850 and
'57 and presided over the former body. At
that tirae he was one of the most influential
raen of his district and of the state.
TRACY, Andrew. —In Congress for
one term and speaker of the state House of
Representatives for three years, was born in
Hartford, Dec. 15, 1797, the son of James
and Mercy (Richmond) Tracy. The faraily
was one of worthy and prosperous farmers,
but it was decided to give young Andrew an
education, because he was not robust physic
ally. He was fitted for college at the Royal
ton and Randolph Academies, and entered
Dartmouth, but reraained there only two
years, because his friend and classmate,
Leonard Marsh, had to leave on account of
trouble with his eyes. The two young men
then struck out into New York state, and
Tracy taught school at Troy for two years.
Returning home he studied law in the ofifice
of George E. Wales, being a portion of the
time postmaster at White River village, was
admitted to the bar in 1826, and began
practice in Quechee viUage, enlarging his
clientage and reputation steadily until it be
came of state extent. In 1838 he moved to

Woodstock, where he formed a partnership
with Norman WilUams that lasted until the
spring of 1839, when Mr. Williams became
county clerk. The next year he formed one
with Juhus Converse, and in 1849 with Con
verse and James Barrett, which lasted until
he went to Congress.
For raore than a generation Woodstock
was faraous as a place of big lawyers, and
this firra, and Mr. Tracy at its head, raore
than kept alive the tradition and held its
rank among some of the ablest competitors
ever gathered at any bar. Of him W. H.
Tucker, Hartford's historian, says : " Mr.
Tracy's power and strength as a lawyer and
advocate consisted in his wonderful quickness
of perception, the rapidity with which he
could adapt facts to legal principles, his
quick comprehension of the fuU merits or
demerits of a case, his keen discriminating
analysis of facts, the nervous power and
eloquence with which he presented facts to
a jury, and in his masterly power of sarcasm
and invective. Mr. Tracy was not what we
caUed a learned lawyer, he rarely read text
books or reports, but consulted thera in
connection with his cases. He was weU
grounded in the principles of common law,
and in his arguraents of legal points, rea
soned from first principles, and rarely cited
or referred to decisions."
H. S. Swan, the Woodstock historian, teUs
of his swift and ready way of speaking, the
force and compactness of his statements, and
the keenness of his sarcasm.
His political career would have been one
of equal briUiance if his tastes had permitted
him to persist in it. He was at first a National
or Adams Repubhcan and then after the Whig
party was formed an ardent follower of it.
He represented Hartford in the Legislature
for four years, i833-'37, and after his removal
to Woodstock, he was, in 1839, elected a
state senator. In 1840 he was a candidate
against Horace Everett for the Whig nomina
tion for Congress, but was defeated after
a hard fight, much to his chagrin. In 1842,
however, Woodstock sent him to the Legisla
ture, and he was immediately made speaker,
being re-elected in 1843 and 1844, as long as
he was in the House and coraing out with
great eclat. In 1852, he was nominated and
elected to Congress as a Whig, but declined
re-election after serving one term, being
thoroughly satiated with political honors and
a good deal disgusted with what he saw at
Washington. He returned to the practice of
his profession with renewed zest and con
tinued at it without further distraction through
his active life.
Personally, he is described as a tall, slim,
cadaverous man, who to a stranger would
seem to be in the last stages of consumption.
But his step was ever quick and elastic, and

154

SABIN.

WALTON.

he had a great araount of energy and an in
domitable wiU, though never a weU man.
He died at Woodstock, Oct. 28, 1868.
SABIN, Alvah. — Another preacher-pol
itician of a power approaching that of Niles,
Lyon, Leland and the giants of the earUer
days, was born in Georgia, Oct. 23, 1793,
the son of Benjamin and PoUy (McMaster)
Sabin. He was graduated at Columbian Col
lege in the District of Columbia, educated
for the Baptist ministry, and preached at
Cambridge, Westfield and UnderhiU until he
was settied in Georgia in 1825. Here he re
mained, a fine specimen of the old-time
power of the country rainister in the com
munity, for forty-two years, removing in 1867
to Sycamore, 111., where he continued his
ministerial duties as long as Ufe and strength
lasted. His only brother, Daniel Sabin, was
also a Baptist clergyman, and after preach
ing at Swanton, North Fairfax, and other
places for several years, went to Wisconsin.
Parson Sabin was ten tiraes his town's
representative in the Legislature, in 1826,
'35> '38, '40, 47, '48, '49> 51, '61, and '62,
and in the latter sessions, though nearly
seventy years old, was prominent in the war
legislation. He was three tiraes county
senator, in i84i,'43 and '45 and was secre
tary of state in 1841. He was also county
commissioner for Franklin county under the
prohibitory law in 186 1 and '62.
He was first elected to Congress in 1852
and re-elected in 1854.
HODGES, George T.— Was born in
Clarendon, July 4, 1789, the son of Dr.
SUas Hodges, a surgeon in the Revolutionary
army and for some time in the raUitary
faraily of General Washington, and for twenty
years the leading physician of his section.
George was the third son of a family of
eleven chUdren, and took a partial course in
college, but abandoned it for a business
career and went to Rutland where he was a
prosperous merchant for raany years and
untU his death. He served repeatedly in
both houses of the Legislature. On the
death of Hon. James Meacham, representa
tive to Congress, in 1856, he was chosen to
fill the vacancy. He was a director of the
old Bank of Rutland from its organization
in 1825, until his death, and its president
from 1834. He was also a director and the
vice-president of the Rutiand & Burlington
R. R., from its commencement.
He was also a warm supporter of the Ver
mont Agricultural Society. He was a man
of dignified and courteous demeanor and
with a good deal of abUity in both business
and political affairs. He died at Rutiand
Sept. 9, i860.

WALTON, Eliakim P.— Representa
tive in Congress
from 1857 to
1863, one of the
great editors of
the state, and a
valuable c o n -
tributor to its
history ,was born
a t Montpeher,
Feb. 17, i8i2,
the son of Gen.
E. P. and Prus-
s i a ( Parsons )
Walton. The
family was of
Quaker origin,
and the father,
who rose to be major-general of the state
miUtia, was also for years one of the chief
editorial powers of the state, who probably
did more than any other one man towards
building up the old Whig party and its suc
cessor to secure ascendency, and who was
nominated for Governor by the first Repub
Ucan convention in 1854, but withdrew in
favor of Judge Royce for the purpose of con-
sohdating the various elements into one
organization. EUakim, the eldest of his children, was
educated in the common schools and at the
Washington county grammar school, but,
better than all, had a double advantage in in
struction by a cultured and discriminating
mother and of training at the printer's case
in his father's office. He studied law in the
ofifice of Samuel & S. B. Prentiss, where he
also obtained an instructive insight into^
national politics, as the former was then
United States senator. But instead of giv
ing his life to law he was, when twenty-one,
in 1833, taken into partnership with his
father in the pubhcation of the Vermont
Watchman and State Journal and in the
general printing and publishing, book-bind
ing and paper-making business. Soon the
main editorial duties feU upon him, while
General Walton's attention was chiefly ab
sorbed in the other departments of the busi
ness, and for thirty-five years, except whUe in
Congress and engaged in other pubUc duties,
he was constantly in the editorial harness. He
established the first exclusively legislative
newspaper, which soon expanded into a
daily. Early in the war he started a daily,
maintained a live correspondent in every
Vermont regiment at the front and gathered
and preserved in this way an immense
quantity of historical data that is of price
less value.
Like his father he was not a seeker for
ofifice for himself, but in 1853 represented
Montpeher in the Legislature, and three
years later, at the solicitation of Judge Col-

WALTON.

ROYCE.

155

lamer and other party leaders, reluctantly
consented to stand for Congress in order to
solve a political situation that was fuU of
complications. He was easily elected by a
majority of over three to one, and twice re
elected, in 1858 and i860. His most notable
speeches during this service were on the
admission of Kansas to the Union in March,
1858; on the tariff question, in February,
1859 ; on the state of the Union, in Febru
ary, 1 86 1, and on the confiscation of rebel
property, in May, 1862. He demonstrated
by an exhaustive table of figures the injustice
to Vermont and seven other states of the
apportionment act of 1862, based on the
census of i860, and caUing Senator CoUa-
mer's attention to it, the latter procured the
passage of a supplementary act by which
Vermont's representation in the House was
saved from being cut down frora three to
two. He performed a similar service for the
state under the act after the census of 1870,
and Edmunds and Thurman, producing his
facts and figures, carried an amendment
which again saved the threatened states
from a cut-down.
Mr. Walton, returning to private life, con
tinued in charge of the Watchman until
1868, when he sold it to J. and J. M. Poland,
but continued to write much as long as he
lived. He was a member of the constitu
tional convention of 1870 and a senator
from Washington county for two terms, 1874
to '78. He was three times a delegate to
national conventions, in 1840 to the young
men's convention at Baltimore, in 1864 to the
Republican convention at Philadelphia, and
in 1866 the Philadelphia convention to meet
and consult with southern men. He was
president of the Vermont Historical Society
from the retirement of Rev. Dr. Lord in
1876 until his death, and of the Vermont
Editors' and Pubhshers' Association from its
organization until 1881. He edited Vol. II
of the coUections of the Vermont Historical
Society, including ' the Haldimand Papers
and the eight volumes of the " Records of
the Governor and Council," and his notes —
biographical, historical and explanatory —
exhibit a painstaking and exhaustive re
search, while the illumination of the Haldi
mand business, under his careful analysis,
was a service to the state and to the truth of
history which cannot be too highly appreci
ated. The "Vermont Capitol," 185 7, consisted
mainly of his reports, and Walton's Vermont
Register, up to within ten or a dozen years,
was under his editorial charge. Printed ad
dresses of his include those on Gov. Charles
Paine, on the Battle of Hubbardton, and on
Nathaniel Chipman.
Mr. Walton was twice married, first to
Sarah Sophia, daughter of Joseph Howes, of
Montpelier. She died Sept. 3, 1880, and

** i^t

Oct. 19, 1882, he wedded Mrs. Clara P.
Field, nee SneU, of Columbus, Ohio.
Mr. Walton died Dec. 19, 1890.
ROYCE, HOMER E.— Congressman,
and chief jus
tice of the state
Supreme Court,
was born at
Berkshire, June
14, 1820, the
son of Elihu
Marvin, and
Sophronia (Par-
ker ) Royce .
His ancestry in
his father's side
traces back on
^ both directions
to the fathers of
the state, Maj.
Stephen Royce
and Ebenezer Marvin, and he was a nephew
of Gov. Stephen Royce. His maternal
grandfather was Rev. James Parker, the first
settled rainister of Underbill and long
known as an able preacher of the Congre
gational denomination.
Young Royce was educated in the district
schools and at the academies in St. .\lbans
and Enosburgh, studied law with Thomas
Childs, was admitted to the bar in 1844,
was in partnership for two or three years at
East Berkshire with Mr. ChUds, and after
wards for about the same time with his rela
tive, Heman S. Royce. He was state's
attorney for FrankUn county in 1846 and
'47. In the same year also he represented
Berkshire in the Legislature, was chairman
of the raUroad and a member of the judic
iary committees, which had sorae difficult
work in a hitherto unexplored field in
guiding legislation upon the relations of the
railroads to the state. In 1849, '50 and '51
and again in 1861 and '68 he was elected
to the state Senate from Franklin county,
doing his most notable work on the judic
iary committee.
Professionally and politically he had come
to be recognized as a man of briUiant parts
and comprehensive reach of mind, and in
1856 he was elected a representative in
Congress, being the youngest member of
that body, but taking quite an active part
for a new member, serving on the foreign
affairs committee, and attracting attention
by his speech on the Cuban question, which
was at that time deeply agitating the country.
Retiring frora Congress he resumed his
professional practice with increasing renown,
until in 1870 he was elected justice of the
Suprelne Court, and regularly re-elected
until in 1882, on the death of Judge Pier-
point, Governor Farnham appointed hira

156

BAXTER.

WOODBRIDGE.

chief justice, a position that he held by
regular re-election, though once or twice
with a spirited contest, until his death. It
was under hira as chancellor that the long
ancl involved litigation of the Central Ver
mont R. P.. arose. Many of his opinions,
notably as to the disqualification of jurors,
as to what constitutes an expert, and as to
the rights of riparian owners, are often
quoted. Judge Royce was prominent among the
promoters of the Mississquoi R. R. In
1882 he received the degree of LL. D. from
the University of Vermont.
He raarried, Jan. 23, 185 1, Mary, daugh
ter of Charles Edmunds of Boston, who bore
hira three children ; Stephen E., Horaer C,
and Mary Louise.
Mr. Royce died April 24, 1891.
BAXTER, PORTUS. — Representative in
Congress 1861-
'65, the "sol
dier's friend," as
-,», he was then
fondly and de
servedly caUed,
and, for a fuU
decade before,
the Thurlow
Weed of Ver
mont politics,
the greatest per-
sonal poUtical
force on the east
side of the
mountains, was
born from one of
the oldest and best families of the state, at
Brownington, 1806. He was liberally educated
at Norwich University, but engaged at Derby
in 1828 in mercantile and agricultural pur
suits, and, with his keen activity, energy, and
farsightedness, most successfully. His posi
tive character, his fine judgment of men, and
his facile handling of them rapidly won him
an influential position in politics, first in his
town and county, then throughout the dis
trict and the state, and finally in national
affairs. But he was never a self-seeker, more
enjoying power behind the throne, in con
ventions and appointments, and in using his
electric power to lift other raen rather than
himself. He repeatedly refused election as town
representative and once or twice at least
could have had his party's nomination
for Congress but preferred it to go to others.
He was an ardent Henry Clay Whig while
the party lasted, and was the only delegate
from New England in the convention of
1848 to advocate the nomination of- Gen
eral Taylor from the beginning. In 1852
he headed the Scott electoral ticket in Ver

mont, and in 1856 that of the young Repub
Ucan party for Fremont.
Finally, in i860, he accepted a nomina
tion for Congress, beginning services with the
opening of the rebellion and continuing
through the momentous events of that pe
riod, until in 1866, with the Union secure, he
decUned a re-election, which he had befbre
had almost unanimously. He served indus
triously on the committees of elections, agri
cultural, and expenditures of the navy de
partment. He was a close friend of Secretary
Stanton, and the latter as he said, found it
about irapossible to refuse him anything.
Mr. Baxter improved the opportunity to min
ister with extraordinary zeal to the wants
of the soldiers in the field. He operated
by personal efforts, by the charm of his man
ners and the magnetism of his conversation
and social intercourse, rather than by speech-
making. He never but twice attempted
any formal speech-making or any real
argument on his feet. What he had to say
he said in a few words, so surcharged with the
intense conviction and the thorough earnest
ness of his nature as to well take the
place of logic and rhetoric. He was in
every fibre of his being a patriot; he was a
man of generous and warm sympathies.
These two facts, with his frank and engaging
manners, explain his remarkable power of
party leadership. "We never knew a more
earnest or energetic politician," said one
eulogist after his death. During the ghastly
days of the Wilderness carapaign and fight
he was at the front at Fredericksburg to
rainister to the wounded and suffering, and
all that summer both he and his wife
remained at their post of tender duty untU they
were themselves prostrated, and sickness only
made an interval in their labors. It was no
wonder that he obtained such a large place in
the soldiers' affections. Two of his sons,
physicians, also rendered invaluable ser
vice on the field and in the hospitals, and
a third, the youngest, entered the service as a
private, in the nth Vermont and came out a
brevet major, with successive promotions, all
won by gaUantry.
His wife, was EUen Jannette, daughter of
Judge Harris of Strafford, whom he wedded
in 1832.
Mr. Baxter died at Washington, March 4,
1868, from pneumonia, after only a few days'
illness, though he had for years suffered from
asthma. WOODBRIDGE, FREDERICK E.— For
four years in Congress, was born at Ver
gennes, August 29, 1818, graduated at the
University of Vermont, 1840, studied law
with his father, Hon. E. D. Woodbridge and
was admitted and practiced at Vergennes.
He was a member of the state House of

SMITH.
Representatives, 1849, 1857, 1858, repeatedly
mayor of Vergennes, state auditor, i85o-'5i-
52, prosecuting attorney, i854-'s8, engaged
in railroad management, and was several
years vice-president and active manager of the
Rutland & Washington R. R. ; a state senator,
i86o-'6i, and president pro tempore of that
body in 1861. He was elected a represent
ative from Vermont in the Thirty-eighth
Congress as a Republican, receiving 8,565
votes, against 3,486 for White, Deraocrat;
was re-elected to Thirty-ninth Congress, re
ceiving 9,447 votes, against 3,671 for WeUs,
Democrat, was re-elected to Fortieth Con
gress, 10,568 votes, against 3,036 for WeUs,
Democrat. Mr. Woodbridge died April 25, 1888.
SMITH, WORTHINGTON C— Congress
man from 1867 to 1873, son of Congressman
John and Maria (Curtis) Smith, and brother
of Gov. John Gregory Smith, was born at
Barre, Mass., August 12, 1789. He gradu
ated from the University of Vermont, near
the head of his class, in 1843, and studied
law for a while in his father's ofifice, but
abandoned it before admission to the bar to
enter business life. He embarked in the
iron trade in 1845, and carried it along suc
cessfully, either alone or in partnership, until
i860, when he leased the works known as
the St. Albans Foundry until 1878, then re
suming the active management again. The
business consisted chiefly in the manufacture
of articles needed by railroad companies.
He was himself largely identified with the
railroading of the state, being a director for
several years and afterwards president of the
Verraont & Canada, a trustee and manager
of the Vermont Central and the leased lines
from 1870 to the crash of 1873, then vice-
president for three years of the Central Ver
mont, and one of the trustees for six years
after 1872, and then president and manager
of the Missisquoi road. He was also presi
dent of the Vermont National Bank, at St.
Albans, from 1864 to 1870.
Up to the war he was a Democrat in poli
tics, but promptly identified himself with
what he regarded as the party of the Union
after the firing on Fort Sumter. As presi
dent of the corporation of St. Albans he con
vened the first "war meeting" at the place,
and he helped to raise and equip the Ransom
Guards, a company in the first volunteer reg
iraent dispatched frora Vermont. In 1863
he represented St. Albans in the Legislature,
and in i864-'65 was state senator, being
compUmented by a unaniraous election to
the presidency pro tem of that body in the
latter year. He had served so usefully in both
branches of the Legislature that in 1866 he
was sent to Congress, and was re-elected in
1868 and 1870. In the two latter terms he

WILLARD.

157

served on the committee on banking and cur
rency, of which Garfield was chairman. His
position was not a prominent one in Con
gress, though its duties were weU filled. His
first speech, on the question of the impeach
ment of President Johnson, was a very good
one in its discussion of constitutional princi
ples. Another one which attracted some
attention was delivered Jan. 26, 1869, and
took the ground that the way to reach specie
payments was to retire the greenbacks.
Mr. Smith was possessed of a good deal of
executive ability, was keen and farsighted as
a business raan, and personally was a raost
interesting conversationalist, and he had the
powers of mind that would have adorned
almost any of the professional walks.
He married, Jan. 12, 1850, Catherine M.,
daughter of Maj. John Walworth of Platts
burg, N. Y., and seven children, of whora
five survived childhood, were the issue of
the union.
He died Jan. 2, 1894.
WILLARD, Charles W.— Lawyer,
editor and congressman, was born at Lyndon,
June 18, 1827, and son of Josiah and Abigail
(Carpenter) Willard. He graduated from
Dartmouth in 185 1, and came to MontpeUer
where he studied law in the ofifice of Peck &
Colby, was admitted to the bar in 1853, and
for a time was in partnership with F. F.
Merrill. He was a man of refined scholarly
habit, of a breadth and candor of mind that
were alraost Madisonian, and of high ideals
and earnest purposes in every relation of life.
These qualities corabined with practical good
sense and ready courage in contests for what
ever he believed to be right, made him a
power for good in state thought and opinion,
and though he was lacking utterly in the arts
of politics secured him steady advancement.
In 1855 and '56 he was secretary of state,
until he decUned a further re-election. In
i860 and '61 he was a state senator from
Washington county, and in the latter year
became editor and proprietor of the Mont
pelier Freeman, which he built up to be one
of the most influential papers of the state,
and a fine exponent of the more temperate
thought of his party. He retained the con
trol of its conduct and most of the time did
its editorial work until 1873, though in 1865
he was for a time in Milwaukee in the editor-
torial chair of the Sentinel, and as long as
life lasted he wrote much and inspiringly on
current events.
He was elected to Congress in 1868, and
re-elected in 1870 and 1872. His service
was both conscientious and laborious, so
much so as to undermine his health. In the
latter part of his service amid the revulsions
of wholesale corruption, the credit MobiUer,
salary grab and other scandals, the use of

158

DENISON.

BARLOW.

force to sustain state governraents in the
South, and the progress of the third term
movement for President Grant, he got out of
sympathy with his party, and voted inde
pendently on a number of questions, while
he wrote vigorously in criticism of events.
The result was that he was defeated for re
nomination. For some time afterwards his energies
were given largely, with visits to Colorado
and other places, in efforts to regain his
health, but with only partial success. His
inteUectual activity, however, did not cease,
and in 1879 he accepted an appointment as
one of the commissioners to revise the
statutes of the state, and his colleague. Col.
W. G. Veazey, having gone upon the bench,
the burden of the work feU on Mr. Willard,
and he did it, had the copy aU prepared and
about three-fourths of it put to press, before
death overtook him, June 7, 1880.
In the state election of 1878 he received
quite a complimentary vote, without any
action or approval on his part, from an inde
pendent movement in the southeast part of
the state, consisting raainly of Democrats.
He was a Ufe-long member of the Congre
gational church, and a genuine Christian in
his daily walk.
He raarried, in 1855, Emily Doane, daugh
ter of H. H. Reed, and she bore him four
children ; Mary, Ashton R. (a lawyer and
literateur of growing reputation), Eliza May,
and Charles Wesley.
DENISON, Dudley C — Congressman,
born in Royalton, Sept. 13, 18 19, was the
son of Joseph A. and Rachael (Chase) Den
ison. The Denison family is of English
origin, represented now in that country by
the Earl of Londesborough. The Chase
family and its distinction in American life is
traced in the sketch of Senator Dudley Chase,
after whora our subject was naraed.
Dudley C. Denison was graduated from
the University of Vermont in 1840, studied
law in the ofifice of John S. Marcy, was ad
mitted to the bar in 1845, ^^d has practiced
continually at Royalton, having his oldest son,
J. D. Denison, for a partner after 1870. He
was county senator in i853-'54, state's attor
ney 1858 '60, and represented Royalton in the
House in i86i-'62-'63, serving on the cora
mittee of ways and means, and doing efificient
work in securing the first appropriation for
defraying the expenses of the war for the
Union. In 1864 President Lincoln ap
pointed him United States District Attorney
for the District of Vermont, and he held the
position untU 1869, having a good raany dif
ficulties growing out of the war to handle,
as also those connected with the Fenian
raid on Canada.

The political reaction of 1874, so strong
throughout the country, was intensified in the
old Second District of Vermont by the an
tagonism left by the animated contest for the
noraination to Congress in 1872 between
Judge Poland and Judge B. H. Steele.
Poland won, but he had another hard fight,
though against a more scattered and more
poorly led opposition to get the nomination
in 1874. The result was a bolt after the con
vention, the opposition concentrating on
Denison. The result was no election in
September and at the second trial in Novem
ber the Democrats generally united with the
dissatisfied Republicans, and Denison was
elected by a handsorae raajority, getting
8,295 votes to 4,079 for Poland, and 1,524
for Alex. McLane, the Deraocrat. Mr. Deni
son was elected for a second term in 1876,
by a vote of 14,430 to 5,739 for A, M.
Dickey, Deraocrat. His congressional career,
however, was without notable incident, ex
cept that he was one of the twelve in the
House to vote against a resolution declaring
that no man should be eligible to a third
terra for the presidency.
At the expiration of his term he returned
to the practice of his profession with renewed
vigor and success. He was regarded as an
especially strong jury advocate, fuU, clear and
explicit in his statement of the case, and with
a rare faculty of inspiring confidence.
He was married Dec. 22, 1846, to Eunice,
daughter of Joseph Dunbar, of Hartland, and
seven children, of whora five survive, were the
issue of this union. Besides Joseph D., his
father's partner, John H., is a lawyer at Den
ver, CoL, and three are daughters.
B A R L OW, Bradley. — Congressman,
banker, railroad
operator, over
land stage pro
prietor and for
forty years one
4 of the most ac
tive and influen
tial raen of his
section,was born
in Fairfield, May
12, 1814, theson
of Col. Bradley
and Deborah
(Sherman) Bar
low. His father
was one of the
leading citizens
and business men of Franklin county.
The son, receiving a common school edu
cation, commenced life as a clerk in a store
at Philadelphia, then succeeded his father in
business at Fairfield, until he moved to St.
Albans, in 1857,10 becorae cashier of the
bank there. The bank management was his

ri^N-*^

BARLOW.

BARLOW.

159

primary business, first as cashier, then, after
1874, as president, untU the collapse of aU
his interests in 1883.
In i860 he was drawn through a loan he
had made into the overland stage and ex
press business in the West. He readily saw
the opportunities and future of the business,
and for the next twenty years as the chief
member of the firra of Barlow & Sanderson,
and in other connections, he was deeply en
gaged in it, building hundreds of railes of
road, eraploying hundreds of men, and thou
sands of horses and mules, and at one time
covering an aggregate distance of seven
thousand miles a day. The enterprise was
very successful, and when Mr. Barlow re
tired it was with a fortune. But he was
also a thorough believer in Verraont and her
resources, as are all who know the West best,
and he was full of projects for Vermont
development, in the water power at Ver
gennes, the statuary marble quarries and
mills at Brandon, in all of which he had in
terests, but misfortune prevented the fulfil
ment of his plans. He was liberal to every
project of enterprise, benevolence, or public
spirit at St. Albans, and especially he put
some ^40,000 into the Welden House at
that place.
He became interested in the Southeastern
Railway of Canada and Northern Vermont
in 1879, after the death of Col. A. B. Foster,
whose sons, one of whora had married a
daughter of William Barlow, found his es
tate badly involved. Barlow stepped into
the breach, purchased one interest after
another until he became substantial owner of
the whole property, entered upon an exten
sive scherae of equipraent, improveraent and
development, acquiring, by lease and pur
chase of securities, control of a line 300
miles in length and connecting the Atlantic
seaboard with Montreal and the Canadian
Northwest. He had a contract with the syn
dicate controlling the Canadian Pacific and
went ahead with his improvements in full
confidence that the contract would be ful
fiUed, because it was a needed property for
the syndicate.
But the latter preferred to get control
cheaper, so at a critical time it refused to
advance the expected money, and Barlow
was compeUed to faU, drawing his bank down

with hira and raaking the beginning of a
series of crashes that wiped out every bank
in St. Albans. He turned over everything
for the benefit of creditors, who almost uni-
versaUy felt only sympathy for hira, regarding
the failure, disastrous as it was, as a raisfor
tune rather than fault. He never recovered
from the blow, and his remaining years were
passed in coraparative retirement until his
death. Mr. Barlow represented Fairfield in the
Legislature pf 1845, 1850, 1851 and 1852,
and St. Albans in 1864 and 1865, while he
was a member of the state Senate from
Franklin county in 1866 and 1868. He
was a member of the Constitutional Conven
tions of 1843, 1850 and 1857 and assistant
secretary of the former. In each of these
bodies and wherever he was placed, his
ready and resourceful raind, his faculty of
making winning combinations, and his clear
and businesslike way of stateraent whenever
he spoke, raade him a leader in influence.
Up to the war he was a Democrat in politics
but afterwards a Republican. He was the
county treasurer from i860 to 1867, and
among the other positions of responsibUity
and trust he held were that of director and
president of the Vermont & Canada R. R.,
and director of the Central Vermont and
other companies.
In 1878 he was ambitious to go to Con
gress, but was defeated for the nomination
by Gen. W. W. Grout. A bolt was soon
organized, and an independent convention
held to endorse the noraination which had
been given him by the Greenbackers, who
were quite strong in the district, and the
bulk of the Democrats turned in to his sup
port. The result was to prevent Grout's
election at the first trial and Barlow's easy
victory at the second. Barlow had the
unaniraous vote of his native town of Fair
field and the largest one that was ever cast
for any candidate of any party in St. Albans.
But he served only one terra. Before that
was out he got involved in his Southeastern
enterprise and before the next campaign
opened withdrew his narae in favor of his
forraer competitor, Gen. W. W. Grout.
Mr. Barlow married, Jan. 17, 1837, Caro
line, daughter of Gen. James Farnsworth of
Fairfax, and the issue of the union were
five children, only two of whom survive.

JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT.
By HIRAM A. HUSE.
The following is a complete list of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Verraont, with
dates of service, from 1778 to 1894.

*Moses Robinson, Ch, J,,

tJonas Galusha,

1807-09

Milo L. Bennett,

1838

50, 1852-59

1778-84, 1785-89

David Fay,

1809-13

William Hebard,

1842-

-43, 1844-45

John Shepardson,

1778-80

Daniel Farrand,

1813-15

Daniel Kellogg,

1843-

-44. 1845-51

John Fassett,

1778-86

irjonathan H. Hubbard,

1813-15

fHiland Hall,

1846-50

Thomas Chandler,

1778-79

Asa Aldis, Ch. J.,

1815-16

Charles Davis,

1846-48

John Throop,

r778-82

tRichard Skinner, Ch. J.,

§LukeP, Poland, Ch, J.,
1848-
SO, 1857-65
Paul Spooner, Ch. J.,
1779-89
1815-17
1823-29
Pierpoint Isham,
1851-57
Increase Mosley,
1780-81
§James Fisk,
1815-17
Asa 0. Aldis,
1857-65
*Elisha Payne, Ch. J,,
1781-82
fWilliam A. Palmer,
1816-17
John Pierpoint, Ch. J.,
1857-82
Simeon Olcott,
1781-82
§Dudley Chase, Ch. J.,
1817-21
James Barrett,
1857-80
*Jonas Fay,
1781-83
Joel Doolittle,
1817-23
Loyal C Kellogg,
1S59-67
Peter Olcott,
1782-85
William Brayton,
1817-22
fAsahel Peck,
1860-74
Thomas Porter,
1783-86
f Cornelius P. Van Ness, Ch. J
William C. Wilson,
1865-70
Nathaniel Niles,
1784-88
1821-23
Benjamin H. Steele,
1865-70
§Nathaniel Chipman, Ch. J.
fCharles K. Williams, Ch. J.,
John Prout,
1867-69
1786-87, 1789-91, 1796-
97. 1813-15
1822-24
1829-46
tHoyt H. Wheeler,
jHomer E. Royce. Ch. J
1869-77
*Luke Knowlton,
1786-87
Asa Aikens,
1823-25
,,
1870-90
§Stephen R. Bradley,
1788-89
§Samuel Prentiss, Ch. J.,
1825-30
Timothy P, Redfield,
1870-84
Noah Smith, 1789-gi
Samuel Knight, Ch. J,,
, 1798-1801
Titus Hutchinson, Ch. J.,
1825-34
fjonathan Ross, Ch. J,,
1870-
1789-94
fStephen Royce, Ch. J,,
f H. Henry Powers,
1874-90
§Elijah Paine,
1791-94
1825-27
1829 52
Walter C, Dunton,
1877-79
flsaac Tichenor, Ch. J.,
1791-96
Bates Turner,
1827-29
Wheelock G, Veazey,
1879-89
Lott Hall,
1794-1801
Ephraim Paddock,
1828-31
Russell S, Taft,
1880-
Enoch Woodbridge, Ch. J.,
1794-1801
John C. Thompson,
1830-31
John W. Rowell,
1882-
flsrael Smith, Ch. J.,
1797 98
Nicholas Baylies,
1831-34
William H Walker,
1884-87
*Jonathan Robinson, Ch. J.,
1801-07
§Samuel S. Phelps,
1831-38
James M. Tyler,
1887-
Royal Tyler, Ch. J,,
1801-13
§Jacob Collamer,
1834-42
Loveland Munson.
1889-
Stephen Jacob,
1801-03
f John Mattocks,
1834-35
Henry R. Start,
1890-
Theophilus Harrington,
1803-13
Isaac F. Redfield, Ch. J.,
1835-60
Laforrest H. Thompson
1890-
* Biographical sketch will be found among " The Fathers." t Biographical sketch will be found among " The Governors."
J Biographical sketch will be found in Part II. § Biographical sketch will be found among " The Senators."
ir Biographical sketch will be found among " The Representatives."
THEIR FIELD OF LABOR.
There are (since Dec. i, 1893) three terms (October, January and May terms) of the
Supreme Court, aU held in MontpeUer. The seven judges of the Supreme Court (one chief
judge and six assistant judges) aU attend these terms, giving them frora fifteen to twenty
weeks' work in a year hearing cases that go up from the county courts on appeal or excep
tion. Besides this each judge presides in four terms of county court (our trial court) each
year. For some years the judges have gone in rotation to their county court work, and, as
there are fourteen counties in the state, it takes each judge three and one-half years to make
the entire circuit of the state as presiding judge of the county court. Until about ten years
ago this county court work was done in a different way, each judge having two or three
coundes where he regularly presided, and tiU Dec. i, 1893, a term of the Supreme Court was
held in each county attended by four judges, there being only one general term held in
MontpeUer. So that the Suprerae Court, as to its own terms, has ceased to be " on wheels," but its
members still have to wheel about, or slide about the whole state to do their nisi prius
work.. The aboriginal jurisdiction of the Indians was not much interfered with tiU about the
middle of the eighteenth century, and till that time they ran things and themselves pretty
much as they liked, and indeed, for many years after that, now and then ran the whites off
in a way the latter did not like.
Governor Benning (hence Bennington, and John and Molly, whose real name was
Elizabeth Stark, and the battle and the monument) Wentworth of New Hampshire began
JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT. l6l
granting towns in 1749, and to 1764 had granted one hundred and thirty-eight towns, on
what is now Vermont territory. At the close of the French and Indian war immigration
set in, and in 1764 an order of the King in councU raade the west bank of the Connecticut
River the boundary between New Harapshire and New York, and NewYork began granting
not only lands not before granted by New Hampshire, but* also regrandng such granted
lands on which settlements had been made. The King, in 1767, ordered NewYork to
cease making these grants, but the New York authorUies construed the order to apply only
to lands already granted by New Hampshire.
We get to 1764 no counties, for New Harapshire itself was not divided into counties
tUl 1769 or 17 7 1, and as her courts between 1749 and 1764 seem to have been held at
Portsmouth, the luxury of a lawsuit was rather a long-distance blessing for Vermont. From
1764, for some years, theprivUege of " 'tendin' court " could only be indulged in in Albany,
for the whole state was then in Albany county. This " privUege " continued for the west
part of the state longer than for the east, and was not highly valued by the settlers of the
" grants," as is set forth in Judge Taft's excellent sketches of the Supreme Court now publish
ing in the "Green Bag." He says: "So many of the recalcitrant settlers were sum
moned to the City Hall in Albany, in which the blind goddess purported to hold sway, that
a raeeting of the settlers was held at Bennington to devise means to get rid of the buUding.
Several methods of blowing it up were suggested, when Ethan Allen, to divert their minds
from that manner of destruction, proposed that Sim Sears, a famous land speculator, noted
for selling property that did not belong to him, 'be eraployed to seU the d — d thing.' "
By the way, how Ethan keeps himself to the fore ! Evidently not as rauch loved by his
fellows as were Seth Warner and Remember Baker, his "please mention that I was there"
gets obeyed by later generations, though it only drew from the parson to whom it was
directly addressed, the rebuke, "Sit down, thou bold blashemer." He -was bold, and strong ;
not modest ; loved to do things deserving praise, and loved praise. Only the other day,
going down through the State House yard, I met by the gate a raan and woman with their
little girl between thera. It would have warraed the cockles of Ethan's heart to have heard,
as I did when I passed thera, the mother say to the girl, "I'U show him to you just as soon
as we get there." The Bennington cannon and Mead's statue of Allen flank the State House
door, and within and above are the battle-flags borne against the rebelUon — all symbols of
the sword that won and preserved the peace in which our courts give justice to those who
seek it within their precincts.
Allen, Warner, Baker, and their fellow settlers didn't have county seats and court
houses on the " Hampshire Grants " for sorae time, but in the Documentary History of
New York may be found some " mighty interesting reading," as to how they judged and
punished those who trespassed on their lands. In fact, these plaints of those who suffered
from the beech seal, and from the twigs of the wilderness, and from the free and untram-
meled language of the woodland judges, are excellent specimens of repordng, and would
make at least as large a volurae as N. Chipraan.
New York took measures for the administration of her laws in the territory declared to
be hers in the order of 1764, beginning in 1766 to establish the county of Cumberland and
effecting it finaUy by a charter of March 17 or 19, 1768 — the boundaries were the west
bank of the Connecticut, thence twenty-six railes to the southwest corner of Stamford, thence
north fifty-six mUes to the northeast corner of Socialborough (Clarendon), thence north
fifty-three degrees, east thirty railes to the south corner of Tunbridge, thence by the south hne
of Tunbridge, Strafford and Thetford to the Connecticut. The county seat was first Ches
ter, then (1772) Westminster. A Court of Common Pleas and General Sessions of the
Peace was authorized to be held twice a year. Thomas Chandler of Chester, Joseph Lord
of Putney and Samuel Wells of Bratdeboro were first commissioned judges of the Inferior
Court of Comraon Pleas July 16, 1766, and their commissions were renewed in April, 1768
and 1772, and in the last naraed year Noah Sabin was added to their number. So the first
court ever held in Verraont was at Chester, in the county of Cumberland of the state of

1 62 JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT.
New York, and the first judges were the above named. I think Charles Phelps of Marlboro,
the great-grandfather of Gen. John W. Phelps, was the first Verraont lawyer, at any rate he
had the first law library of any member ofthe profession in the state and by being a Yorker
in sympathy and action, got it confiscated. Mr. Phelps got most of his books back after a
time, but the revisers of the laws in 1782 raade use of them in their work and they raay be
said to have constituted the first appearance of a Verraont State Library.
Soloraon Phelps, Crean Brush, Charles Phelps and Samuel Knight were commissioned
as attorneys, John Grout, of Chester, was also admitted an attorney. They wefe the first
"block of five" of lawyers here, and in their lives pretty weU exempUfied the varying for
tunes of the profession. Grout had an especially rocky time in attempting to practice ;
Brush was a tory, and committed suicide in 1777; Knight was an estimable man and highly
esteeraed after the unpopular stand he took with the Yorkers had grown to be an old story ;
the Phelpses were men of brains but Charles was always in troubled waters, and Solomon,
his son, at last killed himself.
By a New York ordinance of March 16, 1770, Gloucester county was established out of
that part of Albany county lying north of Cumberland county and east of the Green Moun
tains, and May 29 of that year, at Kingsland (or Kingsborough), now Washington, the first
court for Gloucester county was held. There was not an inhabitant or a house within the
liraits of Kingsland when the county was established, but a log courthouse and jail were
there when court was held in May, and the streara that flows near by is stiU called "JaU
Branch." Governor Farnham's article on the Orange County Bar in Child's Gazetter of
Orange County sets forth the records of this Gloucester county " courts of quarter sessions
and court of common pleas." John Taplin, Samuel Sleeper and Thomas Sumner were the
"judges being appointed by the government of New York." There were also present
Jaraes Pennoc, Abner Fowler and John Peters, "Justices of the Quor'm," as weU as John
TapUn, Jr., High Sheriff. The business recorded is : "The court adjourned to the last
Tuesday of August next." The last Tuesday of August it raet and "adjourned to the last
Tuesday in Noveraber next.'' In November it had eight cases before it, called them and
put them over, and adjourned to the last Tuesday in February, 17 71.
The record of the next term shows that when our Supreme Court wheeled and slid
about the state it was not in the lowest condition attainable, for here was its humble fore
runner fairly traveUng "on its uppers." This is the record (now at Chelsea), and in read
ing it one must remember that Mooretown (Moretown) is now Bradford and not the town
which now has that name, and that Kingsland is now \\'ashington.
" Feb, 25th, Sat out from Mooretown for Kings Land travieled untill
1771. Knight there being no road and the Snow very Depe we
travieled on Snow Shoes or Racatts on the 26th we travieled some ways and
Held a Council when it was concluded it was Best to open the Court as we saw
No Line it was not whether in Kingsland or Not But we concluded we were
farr in the woods we did not expect to see any house unless we marched three
miles into Kingsland and no one lived there when the Court was ordered to be
opened on the spot. Present John Taplin Judge
John Peters ofthe Quorum.
John Taplin, Jun'r, Sheriff.
All cases continued or adjourned over untill ne.'ct term. The Court, if
one, adjourned over untill the last Tuesday in May next."
" If one " is careful and good.
In 1772 it was ordered that the February and .August terms be held in Newbury, and
the court ran a year or raore longer.
In July, 1774, there first appeared in Vermont a Supreme Court judge doing official
business. This was at Westminster, and the judge was Robert R. Livingston, one of the
judges of the Supreme Court of the Province of New York, presiding in a court of Oyer and
Terminer and general gaol delivery. Judge Livingston was born in New York in August,
1718, and died in Clermont, N. Y., Dec. 9, 1775. He was a man of abUity and many
accompUshments, and the richest landholder in New York — his country home at Clermont

JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT. 1 63
and his city residence in New York being of the best in their day. He married Margaret,
daughter of Col. Henry Beekman, and his daughter Janet married Gen. Richard Montgomery.
Judge Livingston was also a landholder in Verraont, as one of the grantees of Camden,
(part of Jamaica and vicinity).
The Revolution was coming on apace and the next March saw the close of courts held
under authorUy of a Province of a King, and of New York judicial rule in Vermont. This
close was more than dramatic ; it was tragic ; and, whUe there has been much dispute as to'
whether the uprising was against New \'ork or Britain, and sorae doubt as to Williara
French's right to the titie that has been given him, it should be reraerabered that Benjamin
H. HaU, than whom no more painstaking, accurate and truthful historian ever wrote, clairas
for him in the History of Eastern Vermont, " the titie of the proto-martyr to the cause of
American liberty and of the Revolution." The Westminster massacre marked the last attempt
to hold court in Vermont under royal authority ; and WilUam French's epitaph on the old
gravestone that first raarked his resting place, is the testimony of his own day and genera
tion as to the cause in which this young man from Brattleboro died. It ran thus :
" In Memory of William French,
Son to Mr. Nathaniel French, Who
Was Shot at Westminster March ye 13111,
^775' t)y the hands of Cruel Ministereal tools,
of Georg ye 31I in the Corthouse at a 11 a Clock
at Night in the 22d year of his Age.
Here William French his Body lies.
For Murder his Blood for Vengance cries.
King Georg the third his Tory crew
tha with a bawl his head Shot threw.
For Liberty and his Country's Good.
he lost his Life his Dearest Blood,"
Charlotte county had been established by NewYork March 12, 1772, its territory being
the northern part of what had been Albany county, and lying partly in Vermont and partly
in New York. The southern part of what is now Bennington county remained in Albany
county. So rauch of Charlotte county was hostile to New York that, in 1774, the courts of
Albany county were given jurisdiction of criraes coraraitted in Charlotte county — that was
the year that one hundred pounds reward was offered by New York for Ethan Allen, the
sarae for Remember Baker, and fifty pounds each for six others. Those named in the act
of outlawry issued an address threatening immediate death to any one trying to arrest thera.
Charlotte county, whose county seat was Fort Edward, really did no business this side the
present New York Une. After the Westminster tragedy no courts were in operation till the
•organization of the state government. The people took care of public matters by corarait
tees and by the CouncU of Safety. The division into counties was recognized, however, as
raay be seen, as well as elsewhere, on the title page of Rev. Aaron Hutchinson's Sermon,
"preached at Windsor, July 2, 1777, before the representatives ofthe towns in the counties
of Charlotte, Curaberland and Gloucester, for the forming ofthe State of Vermont."
When Vermont's first Legislature convened the new state was organized into two
•counties, Bennington and Unity. This act was passed March 17, 1778. March 21 the
-name of Unity was changed to Curaberland. Cumberland included the territory east of
the Green Mountains and was divided into two shires by the " ancient county line" — the
Newbury shire and the Westrainster shire. Bennington county had also two shires, Ben
nington and Rutland. At the February session, 1781, Bennington county was divided, keep
ing under its own name substantially what is now its territory, and its northern part becom
ing Rutland county. The same session Cumberland was divided into three counties —
Windham and Windsor, substantially as now existing ; and Orange county, comprising every
thing to the Canada line north of Windsor and east of Rutland. October 18, 1785, Addi
son county was established and Oct. 22, 1787, Chittenden county. November 5, 1792,
Franklin, Caledonia, Orleans and Essex counties were estabUshed, but the Orange county
territory in the above counties was io "continue to be annexed" to Orange county tiU Oct.

164 JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT.
I, 1796. Grand Isle county was formed Nov. 9, 1802, getting North and South Hero from
Chittenden and its other three towns from FrankUn. November i, 1810, Jefferson county
was incorporated and it was organized in 181 1, beginning its working existence Dec. i,
181 1. It got its territory from Orange, Caledonia, Chittenden and Addison counties. The
name of Jefferson was changed to Washington Nov. 8, 1814. Lamoille county was estab
lished in 1836.
Vermont's first Legislature met March 12, 1778, and had a session of two weeks, and
another session in June. It estabUshed a special court, with five judges to each court, for
each shire, thus electing twenty judges, none of whom, it may be noted, were lawyers. In
June they re-elected twelve of these, and elected eight new ones, and among the eight not
re-elected was Maj. Jeremiah Clark, the first judge of the Bennington shire. His court had
done business, however, before he went out of ofifice, for David Redding was tried for and
convicted of " eneraical conduct." Redding was a spy, and had been detected in his secret
work, and in carrying off some muskets to the enemy. But June 4, John Burnham, who
appears never to have been adraitted to the bar, appeared before the Governor and Council
with a copy of Blackstone, and convinced thera that it was aU wrong to hang Redding, as
the jury that convjcted him consisted of only six men. They gave the prisoner a new trial
Ethan Allen had returned the week before from his captivity in England, and had completed
the celebration of his return, at which, he records, they " passed around the flowing bowl."
The Governor and, Council on that 4th of June reprieved Redding, who was to have
been hung that very day, for one week, and appointed Allen as prosecutor to conduct
the case at the new trial. A multitude had gathered to see Redding hung, and on learning
of the reprieve seemed incUned to appeal to Judge Lynch. Allen mounted a stump, waved
his hat, and, without speaking through it, caUed "Attention, the whole ! " advised the people to
go quietly home, and to return the nth, adding : "You shaU see somebody hung, for if Red
ding is not then hung I wiU be hung myself." The crowd left ; Redding was tried the 9th by
a jury of twelve men, Major Clark being presiding judge again, and Allen conducting the
prosecution. The twelve found Redding guilty, as the six had done before, and on the nth
he was duly hung, having had the same benefit he would from exceptions, if there had been
any provision for exceptions, which benefit figured up just seven days more of life.
June 17, 1778, the General Assembly constituted a Superior Court for the banishment
of Tories and appointed as its judges Col. Peter Olcott of Norwich (afterwards a judge of
the Supreme Court), Bezaleel Woodward of Dresden (now Hanover, N. H., and then with
Piermont and many other New Harapshire towns, represented in the Verraont Legislature),
Major Griswold, Patterson Pierraont, Esq., and Major Tyler. I think it was this court that
passed judgraent of banishraent on Jaraes Breakenridge, Ebenezer Cole and John McNeill,
and which the councU, July 17, 1778, recommended to " dissist frora any further prosecu
tions " till the " rising of the Sessions of Assembly in October next." These men sentenced
to banishment were reprieved till such rising of the Assembly : See Vol. I, Governor and
CouncU, pp. 273, 274.
The Major Tyler of this court was evidently Major Joseph Tyler of Townsend. Major
Griswold was doubtless Major John Griswold of Lebanon. Patterson Pierraont, Esq., I am
now unable to place. It is a fact that a Capt. Isaac Patterson was then or soon after a resi
dent of Piermont. The ridiculous mistake once made by the Austrian police, warns me
however frora indulging the notion that Patterson of Piermont was the fourth judge.
The relation — by consanguinity, affinity, or otherwise — of the Austrian pohce to the
Suprerae Court of Verraont may be rather distant but this paragraph goes in aU the same. In
Watertown, Wis., Feb. 6, 1857, I heard the briUiant if eccentric Rev. Jaraes Cook Richmond
lecture on Hungary, the body of whose patriot Kossuth is at this writing on its way to burial
in the land he loved. No better word-painting was ever done at the bar or on the lecture plat
form than Mr. Richmond's of the bewilderment ofthe Austrian poUce when they had muddled
their brains by some alleged raental process pecuUar to theraselves and superinduced by
Jaraes Cook Richraond's pecuUar name, and became thfereby convinced that there was within

JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT. 165
the' bounds of the Empire a James Cook (or Yawraess Ko-ok as they pronounced it) of
Richmond, who had mysteriously disappeared from their ken. This duphcation business
brought on by their own stupidity or carelessness was a horror to the pohce and an arause
ment to Richmond as it was to his audience as he told of the police inquiries continually
made of him in the hope that he might give aid by having and imparting knowledge of the
whereabouts of his interesting countryman, Yawmess Ko-ok. The tragic close of Mr. Rich
mond's life brought an -incident of pecuUar interest to Vermonters. In July, 1866, Rich
mond was brutally murdered by two of his servants. Frank A. Flower in his life of Matt
Carpenter, says : " With perhaps a single exception. Carpenter entertained a deeper regard
for Rev. James Cook Richmond than for any other man of God he ever knew." The
December after Richmond's murder Carpenter went from Milwaukee to Dutchess county, N.
v., and offered to aid in the prosecution, which offer was accepted. The prisoner's counsel
tried to prejudice the jury by aUeging that Carpenter, by his long journey and free services,
showed he was seeking revenge and not justice. Carpenter made the closing arguraent and
the jury brought in a verdict of murder in the first degree after being out only twenty minutes.
Judge Gilbert who presided at the trial, after it closed, said to him : " I presume, Mr. Car
ter, you were a member of Father Richmond's church." " No," says Flower, was the instant
reply, " I take my religion by the curtesy."
And now getting near the beginning of the Supreme Court and mentioning Carpenter
there comes to mind the picture of the professional beginning of those supreme lawyers,
Edmunds and Carpenter, in their night struggle with each other in the justice's court in
Bolton nigh unto Camel's Hump ; a scene on which Edmunds threw a flash light when
speaking in the Senate on the death of Carpenter.
There were no lawyers in the territory that is now Vermont before the State of Ver
mont was established, except those in Cumberland county. These, in their order of com
ing, were : Charles Phelps, who came from Massachusetts to Marlboro in 1764 and was
then a lawyer before there was any court for the place of his new residence, unless one went
to Portsmouth or Albany to find it — according as one stood for the Hampshire or York
jurisdiction; John Grout, about 1768, who came to Windsor first and rapidly changed to
Chester; Crean Brush who was licensed to practice law Jan. 27, 1764, in New York by
Governor Colden, and who came to Westminster in 1771 ; Solomon Phelps, son of Charles
whose name perhaps should come before Grout's, as Soloraon came to Marlboro with his
father and was commissioned by Gov. Henry Moore of New York, as an attorney-at-law,
March 31, 1768, though the record ofhis admission to the bar by the court in Cumberland
county is as of Sept. 8, 1772 ; Samuel Knight (afterwards a judge of the Supreme Court),
who was admitted as an attorney by the court the sarae day as Soloraon Phelps, Sept. 8,
1772, though hewas "commissioned " as an attorney, June 23, 1772 ; Elijah Williams who
was admitted at March term, 1773, though it does not appear where he lived— an Elijah
WiUiaras was one of the first settlers of GuUford in 1754 — and the most that can be hoped
is that when Patterson Piermont makes his local habitation known WUliaras wiU corae with
him; Simeon Olcott, who was admitted, Sept. 15, 1774, but as he was doubtless resident
in Charlestown, N. H., he can hardly count as a Curaberland county lawyer —he was after
wards elected a judge of the Supreme Court but did nothing as such except to resign, and
StiU later he was chief justice of and a senator frora New Harapshire ; and last but not least
Micah Townsend of Brattieboro, who was admitted in New York in April, 1770, and came
to Vermont about 1777. Two ofthe above kiUed themselves — Crean Brush shot his brains
out in New York in May, 1778, and Solomon Phelps after preaching, went crazy and tried
to beat out his brains with the head of an axe but only broke his skuU, whereupon trepan
ning saved his Ufe tiU 1 790, when he cut his throat with a razor. Knight became chief
judge of Vermont and Olcott chief justice of New Hampshire and senator as above stated.
Micah Townsend lived long and had the happiness so clerkly, and able, and pious a man
deserved, and as to Charles Phelps and John Grout, of each the old epitaph is true, " af
flictions sore long time he bore."

1 66 JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT.
At one of the many sessions in which Lyman G. Hinckley, of happy meraory, repre
sented Chelsea, somebody who had the notion that the state was being impoverished by the
eraoluraents pertaining to the ofifice of justice of the peace, had introduced a new fee bill
for justices and speech after speech was made, all aimed at abuses real or imaginary that
needed to be corrected in our fifteen hundred or more "courts of record" that don't have a
seal. At last "Lyme" — it was years after he had been Lieutenant-Governor— who had
nearly all his life been a justice without being made aware of the disgraceful character of the
occupation as set forth by his fellow-representatives, came to the rescue of the rank and file
of the judiciary force and announced that he had heard enough of invective against a re
spectable body of men, invective having its moving cause, he said, in nine cases out of ten
in the knowledge of those who assailed our worthy magistrates, that they never could hope
to arrive at and be clothed with the dignity of a justice of the peace. The House laughed,
killed the biU, and, figuratively speaking, took off its hat to the representative frora Chelsea
and his array of justices.
Well it might, for in early times as well as later, the pathway of the local magistrate was
not strewn with roses. And in September, 1778, when the Superior Court had not been
estabhshed and the Suprerae Court was yet farther off in the future, and the Special Courts
were not in session and the Superior Court for the banishment of tories had been recom
mended to "dissist from any further prosecution," the judicial power of the state was in ex
ercise only by the despised justices. The following complaint shows some of the emolu
ments and pleasures of the ofifice of justice in early days :
¦¦SrERLAN^o^CorvlHalHfax, September ye =6, 1778.
to! his exjillencv the governor, to his honour the lleut. -governor, to the honourable counsil and house of
Representatives :
Greeting — The Complaint of William Hill Most Humbly sheweth that your complainant Did on the 24*11 Day of Instant
September receive a warrant from Hubbel Wells Esqr to arrest the Bodys of John Kirkley and Hannah his wife, of the Town
and County afore Said for asault and Battery parpetrated in the Highway on the body of David Williams in Hallifax afore
Sd I therefore took the said John and Hannah persuant to the orders and Brought them Before said athority without any
abuse the warrant was returned the partys called and the Cort opened — then there came Thomas Clark Thomas Baker Isaac
Orr Henrey Henderson Alexander Stewart Jonathan Safford Elijah Edwards Peletiah Fitch With about Sixteen Others of Said
Town, armed With Clubs to attempt to Resque the prisoners or to set the Court aside and in a Tumultuors manner Rushed
into the House Drew their Clubs and Shok them over the Justices Head and Swore he Should not try the case Called him a
Scoundral and that he to Shew himself such was forgery Which he Should answer for and Bid Defience to the State and all its
authority with Many more Insults and abuses which Stagnated the free Course of Justice, in that way overpowered the author
ity and Stopt the Court — all which is against the peace of the Community Subversive of the athority of the State against the
peace and Dignity of the Same Your Complainant prays for your advice and assistance in this RI atter that Some Method may
be taken Whereby the above Said Offenders may be Brought to Justice for such acts of Contempt of athority and for such
atrotious acts of out rage.
this Granted and Your Complainant as in Duty Bound Shall Ever pray. Willia:\i Hill, CojistableJ"
One gathers from the above that the men with clubs were adherents of New York, for
they maintained that for Wells (who was a justice under appointment of the new State of
Vermont) "to shew himself such" — that is, to claim to be or shew himself as a justice — was
" forgery," a rather unique but forcible use of the word.

THE JUDGES.

\t the October session, 1778, at Windsor, Oct. 23, the General .\ssembly "Resolved,
that there be a Superior Court appointed in this State, consisting of five judges ;" also,
" Resolved, that the Hon. Moses Robinson, Esq., be, and is hereby appointed chief judge
of the Superior Court, and Maj. John Shepardson, second ; John Fassett, Jun., third; Major
Thoraas Chandler, Jr., fourth ; and John Throop, Esq., fifth, judges of said court." The
court was to sit four times a year — at Bennington, \\'estminster, Rutland and Newbury, and
was not to " sit longer at one sitting than one week." This court existed four years.
The first session was held at Bennington and began Dec. 10, 1778. The record be
gins :

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JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT. 167
"State of Vermont, Bennington, \o^ December, 1778.
This day met the Superior Court for said State in the Council-Chamber at Bennington half shire in the house of Mr. Stephen
Fay's in said town agreeable to an act of the General Assembly of the state made and provided ior that purpose.
Present— The Hon. Moses Robinson, Esqnire, Chief Jtidge,
John Fassett, Jnn'r, and
Thomas Chandler, Jmt'r, Esc/uires.
Having each of them taken the necessary oaths of office proceeded to the choice of a clerk for said court," &c.
They chose Joseph Fay, Esq., clerk. The following account, which was allowed,
shows what judges attended. It seems that Major Shepardson did not attend, but Jonas
Fay who was a member of the council, did attend, this coming from a provision of law that
in the absence of a judge a member of the council might sit as a judge. The account given
below bears on its back the "aproval" of Thomas Chittenden and the receipt of John Fas
sett, Jun., to Ira Allen, the treasurer, in January, 1779, when it is plain Fassett got his pay
for the money advanced to pay the judges and officers. This is the account :
Bennington, 14th December, 1778.
State of Vermont. To the Superior Court, Dr.
To Moses Robinson, Esq., Chief Judge, 4 days' Service, ;i^6 o o
Thomas Chandler, Esq., 12 days' Service, 60 miles Travel, 2100
John Fassett, Jur., Esq., 7 days' Service, 18 miles Travel, 11 8 o
John Throop, Esq., 11 days' Service, 100 miles Do.,
Jonas Fay, Esq., 2 days' Do.,
John Burnum, Esq., State's Attorney, 2 days' service,
Benjamin Fay, Esq., Sheriff, 4 days' Service, Attend Court,
24 Jurymen, 36 miles Travel,
David Robinson, Constable, Attending i day.
Grand Jury's Bill,
Joseph Fay, Clk., 3 days' Service,
Samuel Robinson, Esq., 2 Days, ;iJ93 10 o
December 14th, 1778.
We whose names are heretotore prefi.\ed do hereby acknowledge to have Reed, of
John Fassett, Jur., Esq., the several sums annexed to each of our Names in the above
Acct. in full of all demands on said Acct. Moses Robinson.
Thos. Chandler, Jr. John Fassett, Jur.
This may certify that the Grand Joseph Fay. Jonas Fay.
Jury Reed, the money mentioned in David Robinson. John Throop-
the above act. Saml. Robinson. Benj. Fay.
Attest: Jos. Fay, Clk. John Burnam, Junr.
Ira Allen, Esq., Treasurer.
At this session it seems nothing was done the loth, the day court met, except to appoint
a clerk and adjourn to the nth. On the irth the court was mainly occupied with the case
of WiUiam Grififin vs.. Jacob Galusha for fraudulently taking and detaining a certain white
horse belonging to Grififin ; the parties appeared and joined issue and the defendant Galusha
"pleading" for a continuance for the want of material evidence, it was granted him to the
third Thursday of February, and to that tirae the court adjourned on the nth. On the
14th of Deceraber, at a Special Superior Court, "called on special occasion," a prisoner
pleaded guilty of " enemical conduct against this and the United States and going over and
joining the enemies thereof," and was sentenced, having prayed the mercy of the court, and
presumably getting benefit from the prayer, to be banished and transported within the
"enemies lines at Canada, and to depart this state, on or before the loth day of February
next ; and to proceed within the eneraies Unes, without delay ; never more to return within
this, or the United States of America, on penalty of being, on conviction thereof, before
ariy court or authority proper to try him, whipped on the naked back, thirty and nine
lashes ; and the same number of lashes to be repeated once every week, during his stay ;
paying cost.'' The bill for service printed above evidently covers the sitting of the court at
its regular sessipn on the roth and nth, and at its special session of the 14th.
It is rather interesting to follow out Grififin vs. Galusha. Atthe February term, 1779,
. Galusha was defaulted, and the court judged " that a certain white horse, now in the custody
of the sheriff, the property of WilUam Grififin, be delivered up to the said Grififin and that
'the defendant pay cost," which order was discharged by the defendant, who turned up after
1 68 JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT.
he was defaulted and asked the court to grant a review ; this it did and on the next day
tried the cause. Galusha got beaten on the trial and had an additional biU of cost to pay.
At this February term Timothy Brownson of the Council sat with Robinson and Fassett,
judges, to make a quorum.
.At the May terra, 1779, at Westrainster, Stephen R. Bradley and Noah Sraith were
" appointed attornies at law, sworn and licensed to plead at the bar within this state "—
being the first lawyers adraitted by a Verraont court. At the June term, X779> at Rutland,
Nathaniel Chipman was appointed attorney at law, sworn and licensed to plead at the bar
within this state. These three young men were very much in evidence in the state later
on, and Chipman was the first lawyer to become one of the judges of the Supreme Court,
Bradley the second, and Smith the third.
Noah Sraith was appointed state's attorney /ra tempore for the county of Curaberland
the day he was admUted, and on the same day exhibUed a complaint against Nathan
Stone, of Windsor, for uttering reproachful and scandalous words of the authority. It
appears that Stone, on the 15 th of March, at Windsor, had said to the sheriff, " 
you, and your Governor and your CouncU," or, as set forth by Smith in his complaint, "you
(raeaning the high sheriff of said county, John Benjamin, Esq.), and your Governor (mean
ing his ExceUency the Governor of this state), and your CouncU (meaning the Honorable
CouncU of this state), which opprobrious language was a violation of the law of the land."
Stone was fined twenty pounds and cost. Lucky for Stone he didn't damn the Court as
weU. At that terra all five of the judges were present, so no member of the Honorable
CouncU sat in judgment on his revUer. Smith and Chipraan were the first lawyers to be
admitted who resided west of the Green Mountains. Sraith had lived in Bennington nearly
a year and Chipman had come that spring from Connecticut, where he had been admitted
an attorney in March.
It is not intended to give here any detailed account of the acts constituting the courts
of Vermont. It is enough to say that county courts were established by acts of the Feb
ruary and AprU sessions, 1781, and the first county court was held at Westminster June 26,
1 78 1. In 1779 the Governor, councU and assembly were invested with equity powers as a
court in cases involving more than four thousand pounds and with appellate powers in equity
cases involving more than twenty and less than four thousand pounds, but the 1785 Council
of Censors pointed out the inconvenience of that arrangement and in i 786 it was repealed.
The Superior Court was given equity jurisdiction in cases above twenty and less than four
thousand pounds. The Governor, council and assembly had one chancery case before thera
in 1785 but gave up the consideration of it. There was no chancery court between 1786
and 1797. In 1797 the court of chancery was constituted by legislative enactment, and
tiU 1839 consisted of the judges of the Suprerae Court, and in 1814 each of the Supreme
Court judges was authorized to make as a chanceUor interlocutory orders in vacation in
chancery cases preparatory to final hearing. The Supreme Court continued to 1839 to be
the Court of Chancery and of course there were no appeals, but since then (except from
1850 to 1857, when the circuit judges were chancellors), there has been a court of chancery,
consisting of one judge as chancellor (each Supreme Court judge being a chancellor), sitting
contemporaneously with the county courts in each county, appeal from all decrees lying to
the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court was constituted in 1782 and five judges elected.
The Supreme Court judges concluded the work of the Superior Court, and except to have
this business finished, the latter court ceased to exist after four years from its creation, the
county and Supreme courts taking its place. The first session of the Supreme Court was
held at Marlboro, Windham County, Feb. 6, 1783, after its judges had finished business
pending in the Superior Court.
In name no judges elected before October, 1782, belong in the hst of Supreme Court
judges, but the judges of the Superior Court have been treated as though they properly be
longed in that list and the Supreme Court took the place of the Superior Court, and four of
the Superior Court judges of 1782 became Supreme Court judges that same year. The

ROBINSON.

SHEPARDSON.

169

Superior Court judges wiU be here treated as though their court had been legally caUed
Supreme. It was not tiU 1786, four years after the Supreme Court was estabUshed, that it had a
lawyer on its bench, and the Superior Court never had one. Lawyers were scarce for one
thing, and were either very young or in sympathy with the claims of New York. Out in
IlUnois long ago a sensible business man was nominated for judge, and, thinking there was
no possibiUty of election did not take the trouble to decline. To his surprise he was elected
and thereupon went to a good friend who was a lawyer for advice. The lawyer said, "ac
cept," and when the judge-elect protested that he would not know what to do, told him :
"Hear each case and decide it as seems to you right, and in nine cases out of ten your de
cision wiU be right, but never give a reason for your decision for in nine cases out of ten
your reason wiU be wrong." It was not tiU 1793 that any book of reports of decisions of
our Supreme Court was published, and "N. Chipman" is a very unpretentious volume.
Before giving account of the judges who sat in the highest court of the state frora the
October session of 1778, a final word may be said of that first superior court created June
i7> 1778, for the banishment of Tories, etc. A quarter of a century ago Charles Reed when
working with Gov. Hiland HaU in preparing for publication matter going into the collections
of the Verraont Historical Society, got on track of a raan, real or mythical, of the narae of
Evan Paul, but never found him. And Patterson Pierraont, Esq., judge of the brief court of
banishment, yet stands the shadow of a name.
The judges of the Superior Court elected in October, 1778, were five : Moses Robinson,
John Shepardson, John Fasset, Jr., Thomas Chandler, Jr., and John Throop.

ROBINSON, MOSES.— Chief judge of
the Superior Court, 1778 to 1781, and from
June, 1782, to October, 1782 ; chief judge of
the Supreme Court, 1782 to 1784, and from
1785 to 1789. [See Mr. Davenport's sketch
in "The Fathers," ante page 55.]
SHEPARDSON, JOHN.— Major John
Shepardson, of Guilford, was born in Attle
boro, Mass., Feb. 16, 1729, and died Jan. 3,
1802. He carae to Guilford soon after its first
settleraent in September, 1761, by Micah
Rice and family, and was there when the only
road, that up Broad Brook, was impassable
with teams, so that the settlers had " to boil
or pound their corn, or go fifteen miles to
raiU with a grist upon their backs." The
first recorded town meeting of Guilford was
held May 19, 1772, and John Shepardson
was chosen town clerk. When the new state
was organized he and Col. Benjamin Carpen
ter were the two leaders of the cause of Ver
mont against the New Yorkers. He was
twice, in 1778 and 1779, elected "second
judge " of the Superior Court — his name
standing next to that of the chief judge. He
attended the court at Westminster, May
26, 1779, when S. R. Bradley and Noah
Smith were admitted to the bar, but does
not seem to have attended other sessions of
the court.
This session of May, 1779, which Shep
ardson attended was, taken altogether, an
interesting one. Vermont and New York

were each claiming jurisdiction over Vermont
territory. In February, a miUtia law had
been passed by Vermont giving the com
mander of a mihtia corapany the right to
draft men to serve. In April, William Mc-
Wain, a sergeant in Capt. Daniel Jewet's
company, was drafting men. The Yorkers
refused to serve, especially Capt. James Clay
and Lieutenant Benjamin Wilson of Putney.
McWain told them they would be fined, and
then that they were fined ; they would not
pay and April 21 he levied on two cows, one
Clay's and the other Wilson's, and advertised
to seU them the 28th. On the 28th the cows
were forcibly taken from McWain by a num
ber of men of Col. Eleazer Patterson's New
York regiment. May 18, McWain entered
coraplaint against those who took the cows
from hira and, on papers issued by Ira AUen,
thirty-six Yorkers were arrested and confined
in Westrainster jail. Governor Chittenden,
to protect the Vermont sheriff, ordered Ethan
AUen to coUect a hundred able bodied volun
teers in the county of Bennington and march
them into the county of Cumberland to re
main during the sitting of the court. The
county committee of the New York adherents
met at Bratdeboro, May 25, and sent an ex
press to Governor Clinton saying that if aid
were not rendered, " our persons and prop
erty raust be at the disposal of Ethan AUen,
which is more to be dreaded than death with
all its terrors." Court met the 26th. Noah
Smith was appointed state's attorney, pro

I70

SHEPARDSON.

SHEPARDSON.

temfyore, and complained of the prisoners for
asserabhng at Putney, April 28, in a riotous
and unlawful manner and assaulting McWain,
a lawful officer in the execution of a lawful
coramand, and taking the cows which Mc
Wain had taken by legal measures — charging
that this "wicked conduct" was a violation
of the common law and contrary to the stat
ute [passed in February but not printed and
published until June], to prevent riots, dis
orders and contempts of authority. The
preUminary proceedings used up the day and
the prisoners were sent back to jail. Micah
Townsend was one of the thirty-six prisoners ;
at his suggestion, twenty-eight of thera peti
tioned the court for a month's delay but the
only effect of this was to procure the new
lawyer, S. R. Bradley, as counsel for the res
pondents. On the 27th, Smith entered a
nolle prosequi in the complaints against three
of the thirty-six, and Mr. Bradley moved to
quash three other complaints on account of
the nonage of the parties respondent. Brad
ley worked this racket on Smith successfuUy.
Benjamin H. HaU, who was far from being
an admirer of AUen, says :
" The motion was granted, and the court
was about to proceed with the trial of the
remaining prisoners, when an unexpected
interruption took place. Ethan AUen, who,
with his men, had been engaged at West
minster in assisting the sheriff and guarding
the prisoners, had watched with interest and
satisfaction the transactions of the preced
ing day, and had expressed great pleasure
at the manner in which the goddess of jus
tice seemed to be preparing to punish the
rebellious Yorkers. He was not present at
the commencement of the second day's
session, but having heard that some of the
prisoners were obtaining their discharge, he
resolved to stop such flagitious conduct, and
teach the court their duty. Accoutred in
his mUitary dress, with a large cocked hat
on his head profusely ornamented with gold
lace, and a sword of fabulous dimensions
swinging at his side, he entered the court
room breathless with haste, and pressing
through the crowd which filled the room,
advanced towards the bench whereon the
judges were seated. Bowing to Moses Rob
inson who occupied the chief seat, and who
was his intimate friend, he commenced a
furious harangue, aimed particularly at the
state's attorney, and the attorney for the
defendants. " The judge, as soon as he could recover
frora his astonishment, informed the speaker
that the court would gladly listen to his
remarks as a private citizen, but could not
allow him to address them either in mUitary
attire or as a military man. To this infor
mation Allen replied by a nod, and taking
off his chapeau threw it on the table. He

then proceeded to unbuckle his sword, and
as he laid it aside with a flourish, turned to
the judge, and in a voice like that of a
Stentor exclaimed,
' For forms of government let fools contest,
Whate'er is best administered is best.'
He then turned to the audience and having
surveyed them for a moment, again addressed
the judge, as follows : ' Fifty miles I have
come through the woods with ray brave men,
to support the civil with the military arm ;
to quell any disturbances should they arise;
and to aid the sheriff and the court in pros
ecuting these Yorkers — the enemies of our
noble state. I see, however, that some of
them, by the quirks of this artful lawyer,
Bradley, are escaping from the punishment
they so richly deserve, and I find also, that
that this little Noah Smith is far from under
standing his business, since he at one moment
moves for a prosecution and in the next
wishes to withdraw it. Let me warn your
honor to be on your guard, lest these delin
quents should slip through your fingers, and
thus escape the reward so justly due their
crimes.' Having delivered himself in these
words, he with great dignity replaced his hat,
and, having buckled on his sword, left the
court roora with the air of one who seemed
to feel the weight of kingdoras on his
shoulders. After a short interval of silence,
business was again resumed."
Thirty respondents were before the court.
Bradley came to the rescue of them as he
had of the three "infants," and the thirty
pleaded in bar that though by common law
they might be held to answer part of the in
forraation (Hall calls the allegations against
them at one time complaint, at another in
dictment, and again information), yet they
could not be held to answer that part founded
on the statute since it was not in their
power to know the statute when the crimes
were aUeged to have been committed as it
had not then been promulgated, and this
they were ready to verify. This invention
of Bradley's (if Micah Townsend was not the
originator) succeeded as well as could have
been expected and the court ordered that
part -of the information brought on the
statute to be dismissed. To be " boiled in
oil" was not a part of the statutory penalty,
but whipping on the naked back and divers
and sundry other unpleasant things were, so
Bradley's point was worth making. The
prisoners then pleaded not guilty and gave
evidence that they were subjects of New
York and did the acts aUeged against them
by virtue of authority given them by that
state. What Smith was doing when Bradley
put in that evidence does not appear, and
one can but think of AUen's characterization
of the two men. The state then put in sorae
evidence and the court considered the mat-

SHEPARDSON.

SHEPARDSON.

171

ter and adjudged the defendants guilty and
fined them from two pounds to forty pounds
lawful money each. Townsend's fine was
twenty pounds. The court also sentenced
the delinquents to pay in equal shares the
costs, amounting to 1,477 pounds and 18
shiUings. These large figures, it must be
remembered, were those of a miserably de
preciated currency and Mr. Hewitt even
would regard a coined vacuum with rauch
more favor than the paper money of that
time. AU these doings Shepardson saw and
helped Robinson preside at. He went out
of judicial ofifice in 1 780. One raore gUrapse
of Allen in the neighborhood of Shepard-
son's home maybe had. In 1782 renewed
trouble with the Yorkers, who had their main
strength in Guilford, induced "one-eyed
Tom," as the irreverent dubbed His Excel
lency Thomas Chittenden, to again caU out
AUen and the troops. Chittenden, by the
way, was not the only Governor who had a
nick-name, for, appaUing to relate, the, to us,
venerable Isaac Tichenor, who was elected
Governor in 1797, the year Chittenden died,
was called " the Jersey Slick." In Septem
ber, 1782, Allen went into Windham county
and put himself at the head of the Vermont
militia, and when in Marlboro was boldly
faced by Timothy Phelps, who, as AUen ap
proached, " announced hiraself as the high
sheriff of Cumberland county, bade Allen go
about his business, denounced his conduct
and that of his men as riotous, and ordered
the military to disperse. With his usual
roughness, Allen knocked the hat from the
head of the doughty sheriff, ordered his at
tendants to 'take the d — d rascal off,' and
galloped away to superintend the operations
of other portions of his forces." It was
probably the same day that AUen dispersed
the Guilfordites by his famous proclamation.
They had fired on his troops, and he, on
reaching Guilford, made proclamation to the
people in these words : " I, Ethan AUen, do
declare that I will give no quarter to the man,
woman, or child who shall oppose me, and
unless the inhabitants of Guilford peacefully
submit to the authority of Verraont, I swear
that I wiU lay it as desolate as Sodom and
Gomorrah, by G — ." The terrified Yorkers
of Guilford thereupon fled. • Tradition has it
that Allen's answer to De La Place at Ticon
deroga, when asked by what authority he
demanded the surrender, had the same two
words ending as his Guilford proclamation,
though not so quoted in the books. A Bos
ton newspaper the other day, commenting
on the assertion that somebody in Brattle
boro says "Begad," remarks that is not the
way Verraonters pronounce it when excited.
However this raay be, the power to hit the
mark with words, and hit it hard, is a great

gift, and that gift AUen had in his day, as the
creator of Mulvaney, Ortheris, and Learoyd,
in an altogether different field, has it in this
day. In December, 1783, the Yorkers attempted
to capture Shepardson and Col. Benjamin
Carpenter, but did not succeed. These two
men seem to have hunted in couples some
what in their work for the new state. Per
haps Shepardson has a monument with par
ticulars about him that would go weU here,
for the judge don't seem to cut quite as
much of a figure in this sketch of him as he
ought to, but without monumental inscrip
tion at hand to give light on him, a few Unes
from Carpenter's monument will have to do
to show the kind of man his next friend was.
The tribute to Carpenter on his monument
after stating among other things that he was
a field officer in the Revolutionary war and
a founder of the first constitution and gov
ernraent of Verraont, concludes with these
words, "Uned" by the raonument-maker
thus : " A firm professor of Christianity in the
Baptist Church 50 years. Left this world
and 146 persons of lineal posterity,
March 29, 1804,
Aged 78 years, 10 months and 12 days,
with a strong
Mind and full faith of a more
Glorious state hereafter.
Stature about six feet — weight 200.
Death had no terror."
In the 5th volurae of Hemenway's Ver
mont Historical Gazetteer are given the
records of the town of Guilford for many
years of Judge Shepardson's time. The pro
ceedings ofthe meeting of Feb. 20, 1777, of
which Major Shepardson (he wasn't elected
judge till the next year and query whether
the mUitary title even then gave way to the
judicial) was moderator, are, like raany of
the other records, well worth reading. The
raeeting appointed a committee of nine " to
state the Price of Labor, Provisions, Mer-
cantable Goods, etc., and to make [report]
to the town for their approbation." March
6, 1777, at an adjourned raeeting the cora
mittee reported among other things that
" good merchantable wheat shall not exceed
60 cts. per bu. * * Good yallow potaters
shaU not in the spring exceed 20 cts. per
bushel. * * Good West India Rum
and New England Rura and Molasses and
Muscovado Sugar shall be sold on the same
as they are stated in the New England
states ; Farraing laborers in the summer
season shall not exceed 30 cts. per day and
so in usual proportion at other seasons of
the year and the labor of mechanics and
tradesmen and other labor to be coraputed
according to the wages and custoras that
hath been practiced among us computed
with farm labor." Araong other articles on
which a price was fixed were Rye, Indian
Corn, Oats, Peas, and Beans, Flax Seed, Salt

172

FASSETT.

THROOP.

Pork, Good Grass Beef, Raw Hides, Sole
Leather, Neat Leather Shoes, Wool, Tow
Cloth, Coarse Linen, Striped Flannel, Hay,
Butter, Tallow, Hog's Fat and Pine Boards.
It was voted if anybody in town should sell
any named article to any person in the
neighboring towns at a higher price than
stated in the report he should forfeit the
value of the article to the town, and if any
person directly or indirectly took a greater
price than stated in the report he should
forfeit the value of the article sold, one-
half to the town and one-half to the
complainant. It was then voted .that the
committee of nine hear and determine all
cases and coraplaints in these raatters and
impose costs of suit if they should find
those charged guUty ; " By a unanimous
vote of this town and chose Maj. John Shep
ardson one of the Committee of Inspection."
AU this was in the "RepubUc of Guilford"
and there was no Coxey with his army of
the Commonweal to march to its capital.
Political economists can figure the raatter
out to suit themselves. But this wasn't the
Guilford which Verraont had on her hands
to contend with — that Guilford was the
"other crowd," the York adherents.
In bidding Judge Shepardson good-bye,
we bid good-bye to coraraent on the form
and pressure of his time
" When the Hampshire Grants were tracts of land
Somewhat in disputation,
Tracked by the most untractable
Of all the Yankee nation;
When Ethan Allen ruled the State
With steel and stolen ' scriptur,'
Declared his ' beech seal ' war against
New York, and took and whipt her."
Vermont's poet, Eastman (born in Maine
though) makes "My Uncle Jerry" sura it up
with a free swing of words that matches
Allen's own :
" There's much, he says, about Vermont
For history and song;
Much to be written yet, and much
That has been written wrong.
The old Thirteen united, fought
The Revolution through;
While, single handed old Vermont
Fought them, and England, too.
She'd Massachusetts and New York,
And — so the record stands-
New Hampshire, England, Guilford, and
The Union on her hands:
Yet still her Single Star above
Her hills triumphant shone;
And when the smoke of battle passed,
.She'd whipt them all, alone! "
So Modesty survives the flight of tirae
and like Charity, vaunteth not itself, is not
puffed up, doth not behave itself unseemly.
FASSETT, JOHN, JR.— Judge of the
Superior Court, 1778 to 1782 ; judge of the
Supreme Court, 1782 to 1786. [See sketch
in "The Fathers," ante page 58.]
CHANDLER, Thomas, Jr.— Judge
of the Superior Court, 1778 to 1779. [See
sketch in "The Fathers," ante page 66.]

THROOP, JOHN, of Pomfret, was born
in Lebanon, Conn., Sept. 11, 1733, and
died Jan. 25, 1802. He was a judge ofthe
Superior Court, 1778 to 1781, and February
to October, 1782, and had lived in Pomfret at
least as far back as 1773, when the town was
organized. He was a delegate to the con
vention at Windsor June 4, 1777, and was
also a delegate to the convention forming
the constitution in July and December of
that year. Judge Throop was chosen repre
sentative from Pomfret in the faU of 1778
and was a member of the council from 1779
to 1786. In i787-'88 he again represented
Pomfret, and was judge of probate, 1783 to
1792. SPOONER, Paul.— Dr. Paul Spooner
of Hartland (which was caUed Hertford till
1772) was born in Dartmouth, Mass., March
20 (one authority says March 30), 1746, and
-died at Hartland while a judge of the Supreme
Court Sept. 4, 1789. Hewas the youngest
of the ten children of Daniel and EUzabeth
(Ruggles) Spooner and his father moved
to Petersham, Mass., when Paul was about
two years old. There Paul grew up, studied
medicine and from there came to Hertford
in 1768. His father Uved to the great age
of one hundred and three years, dying in
1797- Dr. Spooner married in 1769 Asenath,
daughter of Amasa Wright, and by her had
three children, one of whom, Paul, moved to
Hardwick and was the first town clerk of
that town in 1795 ^''^^ i*^ ^''^^ representative.
His second wife was Mrs. Ann (Cogswell)
Post. Dr. Spooner was first elected a judge of
the Superior Court in October, 1 7 79, at which
session that court was constituted a court of
equity in matters above twenty and under
four thousand pounds— the Governor and
council and House of Representatives being
given original equity jurisdiction in cases in
volving over four thousand pounds, and an
appeal lying to them frora the Superior
Court in cases where the latter had original
jurisdiction. This provision as to the equity
powers of the Governor, CouncU and House
was, as has been before stated, repealed in
1786. Dr. Spooner was a delegate from Hertford
to the Westminster convention of Oct. 19,
1 7 74, caUed to conderan the tea act, the Bos
ton Port bUl and like raeasures of the mother
country. He was a delegate to a convention
of Whigs at Westminster Feb. 7, 1775, and
to the " Cumberland County Congress " of
June 6, 177s, and was chosen a delegate to
represent that county in the New York Prov
incial Congress at its sessions beginning in
May and November of that year. May 5i
1777, he was chosen sheriff of Cumberland

MOSELEY.

OLCOIT.

173

county under New York, but declined the
ofifice in a letter dated July 15, 1777, having
the week before been appointed one of the
Vermont Council of Safety. He was a mem
ber of the council from 1778 to 1782 and
Lieutenant-Governor from 1782 to 1787.
In 1 781 and 1782 he was judge of probate
for Windsor county, and was agent of Ver
mont to Congress in 1780 and 1782.
Judge Spooner served as a judge of the
Superior Court from 1779 to 1782, though
in 178 1 he was left off at the election, when
Chief Judge Robinson was displaced by
Elisha Payne and being angry declined to
serve as assistant. When Robinson declined
Spooner was elected in his place. In 1782
Judge Spooner was elected a judge of the
Supreme Court and served as such till his
death. From 1784 to 1785 he was chief
judge. A communication, dated Hartland, Sept.
8, 1789, appeared in Spooner's Vermont
Journal of Sept. 16, 1789, from which the
following is an extract :
" Friday last, departed this life and on Sunday was decently
interred, the Honorable Paul Spooner, Esq., in the 44th year
ofhis age. His character as a skilful and careful practitioner
in the Medicinal Art, was established here soon after his ar
rival from Petersham ; even without the advantages of a liberal
education. The sprightliness of his genius, his candid and
generous temper, his discreet and diligent application to busi
ness, soon attracted the eyes of his fellow citizens. He was a
steady friend and steady assistant to his country, through all
the late unhappy war with Greatbritain; and irom the first
rise to the present advancement of the State of Vermont.
* * * He died while the other Judges were on the circuit
for the administration of justice. * + * The honor and
benefit accruing to the town by his dwelling among them has
been largely experienced; the loss whereof may be long felt
and regretted. He was a zealous promoter of learning — a
great benefactor to the rising generation. * * * As a judge
he ever aimed to administer judgment in uprightness. * * *
He left a sorrowful widow (his second wife) and three chil
dren (by his first wife) to bemoan their loss The concourse
to the funeral (with only two days for the tidings to spread)
was so great, that one could scarce see so many sad counte
nances, without crying out in the heart, Behold hoiv they
loved him. The conjectures of people varied as to the num
ber, as from five to ten hundred A pertinent and affecting
sermon (as it is said) was delivered by the Reverend Aaron
Hutchinson of Pomfret, well adapted to the occasion, from
Psalm cxlvi 3 4. — ' P2it not yotir tntst in Princes^ nor in the
Son of man, in whoni there is no help. His breath goeth
forth, he returneth to the earth; in that very day his
thoughts perish.^ After sermon the Funeral Thought was
sung, which added not a little to the solemnity "
MOSELEY, Increase. — Dr. Increase
Moseley was born in Norwich, Conn., May
18, 1 712, married Deborah Tracy of Wind
ham, Conn., May 7, 1735; moved to An
cient Woodbury, Conn., about 1740 and to
Clarendon about 1779. Dr. Moseley was
one of the leaders in Ancient Woodbury and
served as representadve in the Connecticut
Legislature from i75r almost continuously
tUl his removal to Vermont. He was mod
erator of Woodbury's meeting for the rehef
of Boston, Sept. 20, 1774, and a member of
her Revolutionary committees.
He was elected a judge of the Superior
Court in 1780, but served only one year,
going off in the election of i78r, when
everything was mixed up by giving the New
Hampshire towns representation on the
bench. In 1782 he was representative from

Clarendon and was elected speaker of the
House. Dr. Moseley was chief judge of Rutland
county frora 1781 to 1787 and was presi
dent of the first council of censors — that of
1785 — a body of which Benjamin Carpen
ter, Joseph Marsh, and Micah Townsend
were raerabers, and whose work was weU
done and whose "proceedings" — really an
address to the people — constitute a state
paper of remarkable merit, the authorship of
which probably lay largely with Townsend, the
secretary. Judge Moseley died May 2, 1795.
PAYNE, Elisha.— Cob EUsha Payne of
Lebanon, was elected chief ^udge of the su
perior court in October, 1781, and held that
place tiU he ceased to be a citizen of Ver
mont, on the dissolution of the union with
the New Hampshire towns in February,
1782. He presided at a session of the court
held for the county of Washington (an ephe
meral county, made up of New Hampshire
towns while the Union existed and that went
out of existence with the Union) at Charles
town, N. H., December, 1781. No business
was done, only Judges Payne and Spooner
being present. [See sketch in "The Fathers,"
ante page 64.]
OLCOTT, Simeon.— At the October
session, 1781, Bezaleel Woodward, represen
tative from Dresden, and a professor in
Dartmouth College, was chosen a judge of
the Superior Court. Prof. Woodward de
clined the office and Simeon Olcott of
Charlestown (a New Hampshire town then
in Union with Vermont and situate in the
short-lived county above referred to) was
elected in his place. Judge Olcott was the
first lawyer to be elected to the bench by the
Vermont Legislature, but he never held
court, so that Nathaniel Chipman stands as
the first Vermont lawyer elected judge who
took judicial service upon himself. Mr.
Roberts puts Olcott in the list of judges;
while Judge Taft leaves him out because he
didn't 'tend court. Whether it was a mere
freak that kept Olcott away from sitting with
Payne and Spooner when they were at
Charlestown in December, or whether he
had sorae constitutional scruple about main
taining that court of justice in Washington
county, is not known. At any rate Olcott
resigned Jan. 28, 1782, and Feb. 13, 1782,
the Assembly elected Gen. Samuel Fletcher
of Townsend, who declined, and, Feb. 16,
John Throop, who had been judge tiU left off
the October before, was elected, and served.
Simeon Olcott was born in Bolton, Conn.,
Oct. I, 1735, graduated at Yale in 1761,
studied law, moved to Charlestown, N. H.,
in 1764, was adraitted as an attorney in
Curalaerland county, Sept. 15, 1774, and was

174

PORTER.

in 1784 appointed chief justice of the court
of coraraon pleas in New Hampshire. In
1790 he was appointed a judge of the New
Hampshire Superior Court of which he was
made chief justice in r795. On the resig
nation of Samuel Livermore he was made a
United States Senator from New Hampshire
and served as such from Dec. 7, r8oi, to
March 3, 1805. He died in Charlestown,
N. H., Feb. 22, 1815. He raarried, Octo
ber, 1 783, Tryphena Terry and has descend
ants now living in Charlestown. He is said
to have been the first lawyer to settle in
Western New Harapshire.
FAY, JONAS^.— Dr. Jonas Fay, of Ben
nington, was a judge of the Superior Court
the last year of its existence and of the
Suprerae Court its first year. His two years
of service were frora 1781 to 1783. [See
sketch in the " P'athers," ante page 50.]
OLCOTT, Peter.— Col. Peter Olcott
of Norwich was the first person elected a
judge of the Supreme Court who had not
already served as a judge of the Superior
Court. The Supreme Court was estabUshed
the session of his election thereto, October,
1782. The Superior Court consisted of five
judges during the four years it existed ; the
Supreme Court had five to begin with, the
number was decreased to three in 1787, in
creased to four in 1824, to five in 1828 and
to six in 1846. In 1850 the nuraber was
decreased to three and so continued (during
the existence of the Circuit Court of four
judges) tiU 1857 when the number was
restored to six at which it remained tiU in
creased to seven, its present nuraber, in
1870. Colonel Olcott served three years as a
judge of the Supreme Court, his service
ending in 1785. He is said to have been
a graduate of Harvard CoUege ; he married
Sarah MiUs and moved from Bolton, Conn.,
(where Judge Simeon Olcott was born) to
Norwich about 1768. He was a member of
the Windsor convention, June, 1777, and
also of the convention of July and Decera
ber, 1777, which adopted the constitution.
In 1777 he coramanded a regiment in Glou
cester county and was summoned to march
to Bennington too late to reach it before the
battle, but was employed in other miUtary
service. He was elected to the councU in
1779, and elected again in 1781 ; he served
tiU 1790 as a councilor. He was Lieuten
ant-Governor four years — 1790 to 1794 — and
in the latter year decUned to be longer a,
candidate for that office. His son RosweU
graduated at Dartmouth in 1789 and his
son MiUs in 1790. Rufus Choate married
Helen, a daughter of MiUs Olcott. Judge

Olcott died , at Hanover, where his son
Mills resided, in September, 1808.
PORTER, THOMAS.— Thoraas Porter
was born in Farmington, Conn., in 1734
served in the British army at Lake George
in 1755, held local offices in Farmington,
married Abigail Howe, raoved to Cornwall
Conn., where he was prorainent in town af
fairs and frora that town he went into the
Revolutionapy array. He was raany years a
member of the Connecticut Legislature. In
1 7 79 he moved to Tinmouth from which town
he was elected as representative to the Assem
bly in 1780, 1 781 and 1782, in each of which
years he was elected speaker of the House.
In 1782 he was also elected to the council
and resigned as speaker to take the new po
sition. He served tiU 1795 as a councilor.
Judge Porter was a farraer.
He was elected a judge of the Supreme
Court in 1783 and served tiU r786. Judge
Porter died in GranviUe, N. Y., in 1833. His
son, Ebenezer Porter (Dartraouth, 1792), was
a faraous Doctor of Divinity and was presi
dent of Andover Theological Seminary.
NILES, Nathaniel.— Nathaniel NUes, of
Fairlee (that part which is now West Fairlee),
teacher, student of law and medicine, preach
er, inventor and poet, was judge of the Su
preme Courtfrom 1784 to 1788. [See sketch
in "Representatives," ante page 127.]
CHIPMAN, Nathaniel.— Nathaniel
Chipman of Tinmouth, the first lawyer to
serve as a Vermont judge, was elected an
assistant judge of the Supreme Court in
1786, and served one year; in 1789 he was
elected chief judge, and served tiU he was
appointed U. S. District Judge for Vermont
in 1791. In 1796 he was again elected chief
judge, and served one year, and in 1813 and
1814 was for the last times elected chief
judge, serving two years in this, his third
period of service as chief judge. Judge
Chipman was the first to report decisions of
the Supreme Court. Judge Samuel Prentiss
said that the various traits of his mind and
constitutional temperament, combined with
his deep and extensive learning, entitled him
to rank among the first judges of this or any
other country. Judge Prentiss further said :
"I witnessed, during the short period he was
last on the bench, exhibitions of the great
strength, vigor, comprehension, and clear
ness of his mind, of his profound and accur
ate knowledge of legal principles, and of his
remarkably discriminating and weU-balanced
judgment." Judge Chipraan was a student
of the law, and eminently just-minded. He
was a Federalist, and thought our system of
electing judges a bad one — advocating an
appointive system with long tenure. The

KNOWLTON.

SMITH.

175

proof of the pudding is in the eating, and
if in any state as sraall as ours there can be
found a court that has maintained a higher
standing for a hundred years than that which
we have had under our system then we had
better give it up — and not tiU then. [See
Mr. Davenport's sketch of Judge Chipman
in the "Senators," ante page io8.]
KNOWLTON, LUKE.— Luke Knowlton
of Newfane was elected a judge of the Su
preme Court in 1786 and served one year,
being dropped with Nathaniel Chipraan in
1787 when the court was reduced frora five
to three members. [See sketch in the
"Fathers," ante page 59.]
BRADLEY, STEPHEN R.— Stephen Row
Bradley of Westminster was elected a judge
in 1788 and served one year. [See Mr. Dav
enport's sketch of him in the "Senators"
and of his stiU more briUiant son, William
C. Bradley in the "Representatives."] Judge
Bradley was three times married, by the first
and second of which marriages he had chil
dren. His first wife was Merab Atwater ;
his second. Thankful Taylor ; and his third,
BeUnda Willard. Spooner's Vermont Jour
nal of Jan. 19, 1802, has the following
notice :
"Died at Westminster, in this state, on
Sunday the loth instant, of a Ungering iU
ness, Mrs. ThankfuU Bradley, consort of the
Hon. Stephen R. Bradley, in the thirty-fourth
year of her age. To those who have ex
perienced her tenderness and affection
as a daughter, sister, wife and mother, her
loss is irreparable. To the society which
she adorned as a friend and neighbor, her
virtues will long be remembered, and the
loss regretted with tears.
"Her funeral was attended by a very large
and respectable assembly on the Wednesday
following, when a very pathetic discourse
was delivered by the Rev. Mr. Barber from
the words of the Apostle : 'For we know,
that if our earthly house of this tabernacle
were dissolved, we have a building of God,
an house not made with hands, eternal in
the heavens.' "
This exceUent step-mother is as worthy of
remerabrance as any just judge on the face
of God's earth, for her love wrought a per
fect work and that is aU justice can hope to
do. Judge Wheeler in his paper on WiU-
iara C. Bradley, read before the Vermont
Bar Association in 1883, said :
" At an early age he encountered what is
perhaps the greatest earthly loss of a boy,
the death of a worthy mother. Her place
was not long after taken by a step-mother,
who soon became his fast friend and whose
kindness and care he dutifully and affection
ately repaid. FuU of both physical and in

tellectual life and vigor, he needed at tiraes
to break forth in somewhat wayward pranks.
His father was stern and imperious with him.
She with kindness and good judgraent miti
gated the severity of the law. At one time
when he was going frora horae alone under
his father's displeasure, she foUowed him a
little way and gave him a little case of
needles and thread, called a housewife,
which she had made for him, in the pocket
of which was a guinea, and spoke sorae kind
words of encourageraent to hira. His father
soon relented and got him back. He re
membered the kindness and forgot the
strictness. He always cherished this keep
sake and would never have the guinea taken
out. In his last sickness he had it brought
to him and held so he could see that the
guinea was stUl there, and it was handed
down under his will to a favorite grand
daughter." [See sketches, ante pages 104
and 136.]
SMITH, NOAH.— Noah Smith of Benning
ton was a judge of the Suprerae Court from
1789 to 1791, and again frora 1798 to 1801.
He was born in Suffield, Conn., in 1755,
graduated at Yale in 1778, and at once came
to Bennington, where he that summer deliv
ered the address at the first anniversary of
the battle of Bennington. He was admitted
to the bar May 26, 1779, and went right to
work as may be seen ante in sketch of John
Shepardson. He was for some years state's
attorney and county clerk of Bennington
county, and was appointed U. S. Collector
of Internal Revenue in i79r. In 1798 he
was elected a councilor, but resigned to
accept the judgeship. He moved from Ben
nington to Milton soon after 1800. He
married Chloe BurraU ; she died in Burling
ton in 1 8 10, where he was then confined in
jail for debt. In 181 1 the Legislature passed
an act for his relief which freed him from
jail. He died in Milton, Dec. 23, 1812.
His son Albert became a doctor of divin
ity, as did his son Henry, who married Abby,
daughter of President Joshua Bates of Mid
dlebury College. Henry became president
of Marietta CoUege, Ohio, and died whUe a
professor and the head of Lane Theological
Seminary, Cincinnati. Prof. Henry Preserved
Smith of that seminary and the present day,
who is with Dr. Briggs in ecclesiastical con
troversy with certain strict constructionists
in theology, by narae and locaUty ought to
be a grandson of the judge, but there is an
other family of Smiths and I do not know
the professor's pedigree.
Judge Smith came near being elected sen
ator instead of Mr. Bradley in January, 1791,
and resigned Jan. 24 of that year, perhaps
with the intent to contest the senatorial
election but he did not do it.

176

KNIGHT.

SMITH.

KNIGHT, Samuel.— Samuel Knight of
Brattieboro was elected a judge of the Supreme
Court in 1789 and chief judge in 1791 and
served until 1 794, making five years service
in all. He was born about 1730 and died
at his home on his farm between Brattieboro
and West Brattleboro in 1804. He was ad
mitted to the bar in 1772 and was on the
York side in the Westminster trouble of
March, 1775. He fled across the river and
did not return to Brattleboro for a year. He
finally made up his mind that the York cause
was hopeless and overcame by his character
the prejudice that existed against him be
cause of his early adherence to the authority
of New Y^ork. He represented Bratdeboro
in 1781, r783, 1784 and 1785, and was chief
judge of Windham county court in 1 786,
1794, 1795 and 1801.
PAINE, Elijah.— Elijah Paine of Will
iamstown was judge of the Supreme Court
from Jan. 27, 1791, (in place of Noah
Smith, resigned), tiU he was elected United
States Senator in 1 794. [See sketch in the
"Senators," ante page 107.]
TICHENOR, Isaac— Isaac Tichenor
was judge from 1791 to 1794 and chief
judge from 1794 to 1796. [See sketch in
the " Governors," ante page 72.]
HALL, LOT.— Lot Hall, of Westminster,
was judge from 1794 to 180 1. He was born
on Cape Cod, and was in the early years of
the Revolution a sailor. Engaged in a naval
expedition to protect South CaroUna, he was
taken prisoner while acting as lieutenant in
charge of a prize and carried to Glasgow,
Scotland, where he was released. On his
way home he was again captured, but Patrick
Henry procured his release. His marriage
to Mary Homer, of Boston, in 1786, was as
roraantic as his experiences in war ; she was
but fifteen. Mary was not, however, the
woraan to whom the Chicago Tribune refers
when it says that in Boston Sunday schools
each class recites in concert, when asked
what became of Lot's wife, " She was trans
muted into chloride of sodium."
He began the study of law at Barnstable
in 1782, came that year to Bennington, and
the next year settled in Westminster, whicji
he represented in 1788, 1791, 1792 and
1808. He was a presidential elector in
1792, and a member of the Council of Cen
sors in 1799.
Judge Hall was taken sick while attending
the Legislature in 1808, and died May 17,

WOODBRIDGE, ENOCH.— Enoch
Woodbridge of Vergennes was a judge of the
Supreme Court 1794 to 1798, and chief judge

1798 to 1801. He was born in Stockbridge,
Mass., December, 1750, and graduated at
Y^ale in 1774. In the Revolution he was in
the Continental service as commissary of
issues, and was at Hubbardton, Bennington
and Burgoyne's surrender. He studied law,
and on first corning to Vermont began prac
tice in Manchester, from which place he went
to Vergennes, of which city he was in 1 794
elected the first mayor. He represented Ver
gennes from 1791 to his elevation to the
bench, and again in 1802. In 1793 Mr.
Woodbridge was a meraber of the Consti
tutional Convention. He died in May, r8o5.
Judge Woodbridge was descended from Gov.
Thomas Dudley, and was a great-grandson
of Rev. John Eliot, the apostle to the In
dians. He married, in 1774, Nancy Win-
cheU, and they had eight children ; one of
whom, Enoch D., married Cora Strong, a
daughter of Gen. Samuel Strong, and was
the father of Frederick E. ^^'oodbridge.
SMITH, Israel.— Israel Sraith of Rut
land was elected chief judge in 1897, and
served one year. In 1801 he was again
elected, but dechned to serve. [See sketch
in "Governors," ante page 73.]
ROBINSON, JONATHAN.— Jonathan
Robinson of Bennington was chief judge
from 1 80 1 to 1807. [See sketch in the
"Fathers," ante page 57, and also the follow
ing notes on Judge Tyler.]
TYLER, Royall.— Royall Tyler, was
born in Boston, Mass., July 18, 1757. His
father, Royall Tyler, was a man of distinction
and diedini77i. B.H. HaU says that the son
was naraed William Clark Tyler and that on
the death of his father this was by legislative
enactment changed to Royall. He gradua
ted at Harvard in 1776, went into the army
and served on the staff of General Lincoln;
studied law with Francis Dana at Cambridge,
was adraitted to the bar in 1779, went to
Falraouth (now Portland) , Me., and practiced
there two years, returned to Boston, and set
tled in Braintree, Mass., intending to make it
his horae. When Shay's RebeUion came he
again served under General Lincoln, and was
sent by Governor Bowdoin to negotiate with
New York and Verraont concerning the sur
render of the rebels who had fled.
.\bout this time he wrote the "Contrast,"
the first American play ever staged. This
comedy was played at the old John Street
Theatre in New York, AprU 16, 1786. Wig-
nell, the actor for whom it was written, pub
lished it and Dr. Conland of Brattleboro can
tell what year, for he has a copy. The state
ment here about the play differs from what
is stated in Hemenway's Gazetteer, Vol. 5)
from the pen of Thomas Pickraan Tyler, son

TYLER.
of RoyaU, who gives the place of production
as the old Park Theatre and the spring of
1789 as the tirae. The editor of the Gazet
teer gave only extracts from T. P. Tyler's
memoirs of Judge Tyler and they are just
enough to make one hungry for the rest.
Judge Tyler wrote many other plays and
books.

TYLER.

177

ROYALL TYLER.
Judge Tyler moved to GuUford, Vt., in
January, 1791, and soon had a good law
practice. He married Mary Palmer and
they had eleven children. In rSoi he was
elected a judge of the Supreme Court and
in 1807 was promoted to chief judge. He
left the bench in r8i2 after eleven years
continuous service. Tyler's reports are from
his pen. From 1815 to r82i he was register
of probate for Windham county and con
tinued the practice of law to about 1820.
He was afflicted with cancer in his later
years and died August 16, 1826.
In the memoirs above referred to are
many letters to and from Judge Tyler that
light up the past. Jonathan Robinson, long
on the bench with him and then a Senator,
writes to him frora Washington, Feb. 4,
1810 : "When we corae to be judged for
our judgments, my friend, the question will
not be whether we pursued legal forms or
technical niceties, but have you heard the
cry of the poor and relieved them from their
oppression. But I hope that the philan
thropy of Bro. Fay and yourself will prevent
all unpleasant results because he does not
carry the Hopkinsian doctrine to that lofty

pinnacle of revelation and philosophy to
which you so ardently and rationally aspire.
In one thing I fear, he wiU never be able to
arrive to equal resignation, which you once
expressed, even wiUingness to see Bro. Rob
inson damned. However, good men of aU
faiths will, I hope, be accepted if their
hearts are but right." Senator Robinson's
reference may be better understood if it be
stated (Robinson being of the Calvinistic
and Hopkinsian school) that he and Tyler
had debated the alleged need, as evidence of
regeneration, that one should be wilUng to
be lost eternally if it were for the glory of
God, and Tyler on being detained from
court on one occasion wrote Judge Jacob
and requested him to inform the chief judge
(then Judge Robinson) "that he really be
gan to hope that he had raade some littie
spiritual progress, for, although he could not
honestly say that he was wilUng to be damned
hiraself, even if it were needful for - the glory
of the Almighty, yet he beheved that by
great effort he had nearly or quite attained
to a sincere willingness that in such an exi
gency Bro. Robinson should be daraned."
Robinson writes Tyler frora Washington,
June 17, 1812 : "AU is anxiety. It is four
o'clock and the Senate has not yet taken the
question [on a war measure]. I want a
pipe, and I want my dinner, but I cannot
start, tack or sheet, until I see, as Bro. Her-
rington says, ' the last dog hung.' RecoUect
me to Mrs. Tyler, the boys and girls and to
Miss Sophia. Keep this letter to yourself.
I cannot continue while Gorman is murder
ing language in an endless speech, which
sounds more discordant to ray ears than the
thundering cannon did thirty-seven years
ago this day, when I heard more than two
hundred of them in my cornfield in Benning
ton." The thundering cannon were those of
Bunker HiU.
In another letter from Washington Robin
son expresses his impatience at delays in
Congress, and on the outside of the letter
describes his idea of the scene of its recep
tion by their Honors, the Judges of the
Supreme Court of Vermont, in these words :
" Bro. Tyler filled his pipe and said, ' Come,
Brethren, let us see what Bro. Robinson has
to say.' Reads. Bro. Fay spits and says,
' Bro. Robinson is as cross as the devU.'
'Well,' says Bro. Herrington, 'I feel easy
about it, it is a pack for their backs, not
mine.' Bro. Tyler smiled, and fiUed his
second pipe."
Judge Tyler was honored and loved by all.
Judge RoyaU Tyler of Brattleboro, now in his
eighty-second year, is his son. That fact,
though neither the relationship nor the narae
is pat, somehow calls to mind this :
"Jerry!
I say, my boy, you'll go it yet
You're hke your uncle, very."

178

JACOB.

GALUSHA.

JACOB, Stephen.— Stephen Jacob of
Windsor was born in Sheffield, Mass., grad
uated at Yale in 1778, carae to Bennington,
Vt., that year, and read a poem at the first
celebration of the Battle of Bennington,
August 16, 1778; married Pamela Farrand
in 1779, and carae to Windsor in 1780. He
had, before admission to the bar, studied
law with Theodore Sedgwick of Massachu
setts. In 1 781 he was a representative frora
Windsor, and again in 1788 and 1794, and
was clerk of the House in 1788 and 1789.
He was a member of the able council of
censors of 1785, delegate in the constitu
tional convention of 1793, chief judge of
Windsor county court 1797 to 180 1, and a
counciUor from 1796 to 1802. Mr. Jacob
was brave and energetic in quelling the
Windsor county insurrection in 1786, and in
1789 was a commissioner in settling the
controversy with New York.
He was elected a judge of the Suprerae
Court in 1801 and served two years. Judge
Jacob was a high-strung FederaUst, aristo
cratic in bearing and raode of life and
bought several slaves and brought them into
Vermont, where, of course, they could serve
him or not as they chose. He bought one
Dinah, a negro woman of thirty, July 26,
1783, for forty pounds, but Dinah emanci
pated herself, feU into want, and the select
men of Windsor sued Judge Jacob for her
support. His views on the slavery question
were very different from those of his suc
cessor next noticed herein. Judge Jacob
died Jan. 27, 1817.
HERRINTON, Theophilus. — Theo
philus Herrinton of Clarendon, called by
others in his own day Harrington, Herring-
ton, or Herrinton, but who himself wrote his
name as here given, was born in Rhode
Island, married Betsey Buck, came to Ver
raont in 1 785 and becarae a farmer in Clar
endon. Betsey and he were not out, and
in 1797 there were living eleven of their
twelve children. In their school district
that year were eight families to whom had
been born 113 children, 99 of whora were
then living, and none of the husbands in
these farailies had a second wife.
Judge Harrington, to use the narae by
which he is known in history, represented
Clarendon in 1795, and from 1798 to 1803
inclusive, being speaker the last-named year.
He was chief judge of Rutland county court,
1800 to 1803, and in 1803 was elected a
judge of the Suprerae Court, where he served
ten years.
He was no observer of conventionalities,
if he knew them, and it has been said that
he sometiraes went into court barefooted.
His business was that of a farmer, and he
was not admitted to the bar tUl after his
election as a Supreme Court judge. Many

stories are told of him — how that he said he
didn't know as the court knows what a
demurrer is, but it knows what justice is,
and the plaintiff shall have judgraent ; how,
while the other judges doubted whether the
horse thief who stole in Canada and was
guilty of asportation in this state, could be
here convicted, Harrington insisted that
he not only stole it in Canada, but every
step of the way he took with it, and so stole
it all the way through Verraont ; and how he
cut the knot about the seal by his "hand
me a wafer."
His strong good sense and just raind gave
him the respect of the people and of his as
sociates on the bench, and one of his judg
ments (reraeraber he succeeded Judge Jacob,
who bought slaves) deservedly made him
famous. It was upon application for a war
rant to be given the claimant, which would
give him power to remove his escaped slave.
The claimant's lawyer had a bill of sale of the
slave and back of that a bill of sale of the
slave's mother. " Is that all? " said the judge.
The claimant's lawyer thought going back to
the two bills of sale was enough, but Har
rington said, " you do not go back to the orig
inal proprietor." The attorney wanted to
know what would be sufficient and was in
formed that nothing in that court would give
title to a huraan being but "a bill of sale
from Almighty God."
Judge Harrington died Nov. 27, 1813.
GALUSHA, Jonas. — Jonas Galusha of
Shaftsbury was a judge of the Supreme Court
two years, 1807 to 1809. [See sketch in
"Governors," ante page 74.]
FAY, David.— David Fay of Benning
ton, youngest son of Stephen and brother of
Judge Jonas Fay, was born in Hardwick,
Mass., Dec. 13, 1761. When sixteen he
was a fifer in Capt. Sarauel Robinson's com
pany at the Battle of Bennington. He was
adraitted to the bar in 1794, raeraber of the
council of censors in 1799, state's attorney
of Bennington county, r797 to 1801, and
United States attorney throughout Jeffer
son's administration.
He was elected a judge of the Suprerae
Court in 1809 and served till 18 13 when the
"Vergennes Slaughter House" proceedings
of 1798 were repeated and the Federalists
again turned the Republicans or Democrats
out of the Suprerae Court — as in 1801, so in
1815 the other side had its innings. Hewas
judge of probate in 1819 and 1820, and a
councilor from 1817 to 1821.
Judge Fay died June 5, 1827, leaving no
descendants. FARRAND, DANIEL.— Daniel Farrand,
son of Rev. Daniel Farrand, was born in
Canaan, Conn., about 1760.

HUBBARD.

SKINNER.

179

He graduated at Yale, came to Windsor
where his brother-in-law, Stephen Jacob,
lived, began the practice of law but soon
moved to Newbury which town he made his
residence till 1800, and represented in 1792,
i793> 1796, i797> and 1798, being speaker
the last naraed year. He was twice state's
attorney of Oran^ county. May i, 1794, he
married Mary Porter, of Haverhill, N. H.,
daughter of Asa Porter, and sister of Mrs.
Mills Olcott, of Hanover, N. H. Mr. Far
rand went from Newbury to Bellows Falls,
represented Rockingham in 1802, and was
state's attorney of Windhara county in i8oi,
1802 and 1803, and in the latter year was de
feated for Congress by Jaraes EHot. In 1 8 1 3
he was a member of the council of censors and
the sarae year was elected a judge of the Su
preme Court and served two years. When
the Republicans or Democrats got the upper
hand in 1815, he was bounced, as he was a
¦strong FederaUst, and, in 1814, M9& presided
¦at a convention in WiUiston that roundly de
nounced the administration. He was chair
man of the committee of arrangements at
BurUngton, when President Monroe was re-
¦ceived there on his tour, July 24, 1817, and
did some very good speaking. He was a man
of vigorous inteUect, a good lawyer and of
extensive learning. He died Oct. r3, 1825,
and left nine daughters surviving hira, all
brilliant and accomplished women says Judge
Taft. HUBBARD, JONATHAN Hatch.— J. H.
Hubbard, of Windsor, was a judge of the Su
preme Court from 1813 to 1815. [See
sketch in "Representatives," ante page 135,
where 1845 is a misprint for 1815 — he was a
judge but two years.]
ALDIS, Asa. — Asa Aldis, was born in
Franklin, Mass., about 1770. His father was
a loyalist and moved to Boston, where he
died in r775. Asa's mother had died two
years before and he was brought up by an
aunt. He graduated at Brown University in
1796, studied law with Judge HoweU in
Providence and began practice in Che-
pachet. He married Mrs. Gadcomb, daugh
ter of Lieut.-Gov. Owen. In r8o2 he moved
to St. Albans and there practiced his pro
fession. In 1804 he formed a partnership
with Bates Turner, but it did not last long.
When the Republicans drove the Federalists
•off the supreme bench in 18 15 he was
elected chief judge of the Supreme Court,
much against his wish, and served one year.
Judge Aldis was strongly urged to accept
a re-election, but he absolutely refused. His
ability was equal to the requirements of the
office, but he did not Uke official position.
He practiced many years after leaving the
bench, but poor health kept hira out of court

for a long tirae before his death. He died
at St. Albans, Oct. 16, 1847, in his seventy-
eighth year. Daniel Kellogg was his son-in-
law, and Asa Owen Aldis was his son.
SKINNER, Richard.— Richard Skinner
of Manchester was judge of the Suprerae
Court frora 1815 to 181 7, and the latter year
was elected chief judge, but decUned the
position. After his service as Governor, he
was in 1823 elected chief judge, and pre
sided as such tiU 1829. [See sketch in
"Governors" ante page 77.]
FISK, James. — jaraes Fisk of Barre was
judge of the Supreme Court from 18 15 to
181 7. [See sketch in "Senators," ante
page III.]
P*\LMER, William Adams.— wuiiara
A. Palraer of Danville, was elected judge of
the Suprerae Court in 18 16, and served one
year. [See sketch in "Governors," ante
page 82.]
CHASE, Dudley.— Dudley Chase of
Randolph was chief judge of the Supreme
Court frora 1817 to 1821. He presided at
the trial of Stephen and Jesse Bourne for the
murder of Russell Colvin — a case that has
become famous and which gave Wilkie Col
lins the theme for "The Dead Secret." [See
sketch of Judge Chase in "Senators," ante
page III.]
DOOLITTLE, JOEL.— Joel Doolittle
was born about 1773 in Massachusetts, grad
uated at Yale in 1799, came to Middlebury
in the faU of 1800 as the first tutor in Mid
dlebury CoUege. He was admitted to the
bar in 1801 and was a successful lawyer till
181 7 when he was elected a judge of the
Supreme Court. He served six years con
tinuously on the bench, and after a year of
practice at the bar was again elected a judge
in 1824 and served the following year.
Judge Doolittle was a councillor from
18 1 5 to 1 8 18, represented Middlebury in
1824 and was a member and president of
the council of censors in 1834.
He died, March g, 1841, at the age of
sixty-eight. Mrs. Doolittle survived him
and after his death went to Painesville,
Ohio, where she lived with her children.
BRAYTON, William.— Williara Bray
ton of Swanton was born in Lansingburgh, N.
Y., and when thirteen was a student in Will
iams College, but never graduated. He
was admitted to the bar in Franklin county
in February, 1807, and began practice in
Swanton. He raarried Hortentia Penniman,
daughter of Jabez and Frances Penniman.
Frances was the widow of Ethan Allen. He

VAN NESS.

ROYCE.

was made chief judge of Franklin county
court in 1815, represented Swanton in 18 17,
and that year was elected a judge of the
Suprerae Court, and served as such five
years. While on the Supreme bench he
moved to St. Albans, and after living there
several years, and after ceasing to be a judge,
he removed to Burlington, where he died in
1828. His son, William, died young, but a
daughter, if not now, was very lately living
in Missouri. He published the reports
known as Brayton's Reports.
VAN NESS, Cornelius Peter.— Cor
nelius p. Van Ness, of Burlington, was chief
judge of the Supreme Court from 182 1 to
1823. [See sketch in " Governors ," a«/if
page 78.]
WILLIAMS, Charles Kilborn.—
Charles K. WUliaras, of Rutland, was a judge
ofthe Suprerae Court, 1822 to 1824, again
from 1826 to 1833, and from 1833 to 1846
was chief judge. [See sketch in "Gover
nors," ante page 88.]
AIKENS, Asa.— Asa Aikens, of Wind
sor, was born in Barnard ; entered Mid
dlebury CoUege in 1804; studied three
years there ; then was a year as a cadet at
West Point. In 1808 he returned to Mid
dlebury and studied law with Joel Doolittle.
In 1812 he settled in Windsor, which town
he represented two years and he was state's
attorney for Windsor county two years. In
1 81 2 he was elected a judge ofthe Supreme
Court and served on the bench two years.
He was a careful, painstaking lawyer and
judge, and the two volumes of reports pub
lished under his name form the first product
of skUled labor in this state in that line.
"Aikens' Forms" is thumbed in many a law
office in the state. Later in life he pub
lished "Aikens' Tables."
In 1843 he moved to Westport, N. Y., and
made that his home afterwards. On a visit
to his son-in-law at Hackensack, N. J., he
died of nervous prostration, July 12, 1863.
He was buried in Trinity ceraetery. New
York City.
PRENTISS, Samuel.— Samuel Prentiss,
of Montpelier, was judge of the Suprerae
Court frora 1825 to 1829, and in 1829 was
elected chief judge, and held that position
till elected senator in 1830. [See sketch in
"Senators," ante page 114.]
HUTCHINSON, TiTUS.— Titus Hutch
inson of Woodstock, son of Rev. Aaron and
Margery (Carter) Hutchinson, was born in
Grafton, Mass., April 29, 1771. July 4,
1776, the faraily left Hebron, Conn., and
raoved to what is stiU caUed the Hutchinson

Farm, in Pomfret, two miles from Wood
stock. Titus graduated at Princeton College,
studied law with his brother Aaron in Leb
anon, N. H., and was admitted to the Orange
county bar June, 1 798. He settled in Wood
stock, where there was already one lawyer.
In 18 1 3 he was appointed U. S. attorney for
the district of Verraont, and held the office
ten years.
In 1826 he was elected a judge of the Su
preme Court, served as such till 1830, when
he was elected chief judge, which position he
occupied three years, being defeated by
Judge WiUiams in the election of 1833 by a
vote of 118 to 113.
Judge Hutchinson married Clarissa Sage
Feb. 16, 1800. She died Jan. 18, 1844.
Their children were : Edwin, Oramel, Hen
ry, Titus, Clarissa S., and Alexander. The
judge lived in comparative retirement the
last twenty years of his life. He died Aug
ust 24, 1857. A full sketch of him maybe
found in Henry Swan Dana's History of
Woodstock, as good a town history as was
ever written in this world — perhaps they write
town history better on the planets of the
Pleiades or those of the golden belt of Orion,
but not here.
ROYCE, Stephen. — Stephen Royce of
Berkshire was judge of the Supreme Court
from 1825 to 1827, again from 1829 to
1846, and was chief judge from 1846 to
1852. [See sketch in "Governors," arite
page 91.]
TURNER, Bates.— Bates Turner of St.
Albans entered the Revolutionary army at
sixteen, studied law under Judges Reeve
and Gould and was admitted to the bar in
Connecticut. He settled in Fairfield in 1 796,
but moved to St. Albans and in 1804 there
formed a partnership with Asa Aldis. It
lasted but a short time and he returned to
Fairfield and set up a law school. He had
in his life about 175 law students. In 1812
he removed to Middlebury thinking his
school would do better there, but soon re
turned to Fairfield and before long to St.
Albans again.
He was elected a judge of the Supreme
Court in 1827 and continued in service two
years. He was quite old when elected judge
but on leaving the bench returned to prac
tice. Judge Turner, carrying his bag of law
papers, called on a lady who playfully re
minded him that Judas carried a bag.
"Yes," said the judge, "and kept better
company than I do."
Judge Turner died at an advanced age,
AprU 30, 1847.
PADDOCK, Ephraim.— Ephraim Pad
dock of St. Johnsbury came when a young

THOMPSON.

PHELPS.

man frora Massachusetts to Vermont. His
opportunities for education were limited to
the common school, but he made such
good use of them that he was for two or three
years employed as an instructor in Peacham
Academy. He began the practice of law in
St. Johnsbury and by diligence became
a learned lawyer. He represented St.
Johnsbury from 1821 to 1826, inclusive;
was a member of the constitutional conven
tion of 1828, and of the council of censors in
1841. Hewas elected a judge of the Supreme
Court in 1828, but preferred the work of his
profession and retired frora the bench in
1831. Judge Paddock continued in active prac
tice tiU 1848, when he gave up professional
duties and Uved in peace and quiet the re
raainder of his days. He died July 27, 1859,
at the age of seventy-nine.
THOMPSON, JOHN C— John C.
Thorapson, of BurUngton, was born in
Rhode Island, studied law in Hartford,
Conn., and was there admitted to the bar
about 1813. He came at once to Windsor,
where he staid tiU 1818, in which year he re
moved to Hartland. In 1822 he left Hart
land and settled in Burlington. He was a
good lawyer and rose rapidly in pubUc favor.
In 1827 he was elected a counciUor and held
that office tiU elected a judge of the Supreme
Court in 1830. Before his first year of serv
ice was ended he was taken sick on his way
to Montpelier in a stage-coach and in a few
days died. He had won approval as a judge
although so short a time on the bench.
Judge Thorapson married Nancy Patrick
in December, 18 16. His death occurred
June 27, 1 83 1. He left surviving him a son
who was drowned in Lake Champlain, Sep
tember, 1846.
BAYLIES, Nicholas.— Nicholas Bay
lies of Montpelier, son of Deacon Nicholas
Baylies, of Uxbridge, Mass., was born in
Uxbridge, graduated at Dartmouth College
in 1794, read law with Charles Marsh of
Woodstock, was admitted to the bar, and
practiced in Woodstock a nuraber of years.
He moved from Woodstock to Montpelier in
1809 and was "warned out" of Mont
pelier the 15 th of November following — a
fine old custom for booming a new settle
ment ! He was a scholarly man and was
the author of a three volume " Digested
Index to the Modern Reports," published at
Montpelier in 18 14, which received the ap
proval of Jaraes Kent and Judge Parker.
The " proprietors " of this book were Nicho
las BayUes, Samuel Prentiss, Jr., and James
H. Langdon. Mr. Baylies also published a
theological work on free agency. He was
elected state's attorney in 1813, 1814 and

1825, and a judge of the Supreme Court in
1831, 1832 and 1833.
He removed to Lyndon about 1835, where
he lived with his son-in-law, George C.
Cahoon, and practiced law till his death,
August 17, 1847. He was buried in Mont
pelier, August 22, 1847. J^r- Baylies was
probably seventy-nine years of age at his
death, though sorae authorities make him
eighty-two and others only seventy-five. He
argued a case in the Supreme Court in Mont
pelier but a few months before his death.
He married Mary Ripley, daughter of Prof.
Sylvanus Ripley, and granddaughter of Pres
ident Eleazer Wheelock. She was a sister of
Gen. Eleazer Wheelock Ripley, who com
raanded at Lundy's Lane after Scott was
wounded. Mr. Baylies' only daughter, Mary
Ripley BayUes, raarried George C. Cahoon
of Lyndon, Oct. 27, 1825. His son, Hor
atio N. BayUes, was long a merchant in
Montpelier, and died in Louisiana. An
other son, Nicholas BayUes, Jr., was a lawyer.
PHELPS, Samuel Sheather.— S. s.
Phelps of Middlebury, was a judge of the
Supreme Court from 1831 to 1838. [See
sketch under "Senators," ante page 116.]
COLLAMER, JACOB,— Jacob Collamer
of Woodstock, was a judge of the Suprem.e
Court from 1834 to 1842. [See sketch under
"Senators," ante ^z.ge 121.]
MATTOCKS, JOHN.— John Mattocks,
of Peacham, one of the brightest men that
ever lived, was elected a judge of the Suprerae
Court in 1834, but served only one year, ab
solutely declining a re-election. The opinions
he gave are not only good law but so put that,
as Horace Greeley would have said, they "are
raighty interestin' reading." [See sketch in
" Governors," ante page 85.]
REDFIELD, ISAAC FLETCHER.— Isaac
F. Redfield, son
of Dr. Peleg Red-
field and Han
nah (Parker)
Redfield, was
born at Weath
ersfield, April 10,
1804; went to
Coventry when
his father raoved
there in 1805 ;
graduated at
Dartraouth in
1825, and was in
1827 admitted
to the bar in Or
leans county. He
began practice at Derby, and so good a law
yer was he that he was continuously state's

BENNETT.

HALL.

attorney from 1832, tiU elected a judge of
the Supreme Court in 1835. He moved to
Montpelier, and about 1846 to the Judge
Chase house at Randolph Center, where he
lived three or four years, and then moved to
Windsor, where he lived till he went to Bos
ton in 1 86 1. He was elected a judge of the
Supreme Court in 1835, and so served till
1852, when he was elected chief judge,
which office he held till i860.
He conferred honor on the court, and it
was quoted in other states as the " Redfield
Court." After he declined further service
on the bench he went to Boston. He wrote
many valuable legal works, notably treatises
on the law of wiUs and railway law. Judge
Redfield died in Charlestown, Mass., March
23, 1876, of pneumonia, and was buried at
Windsor. He married Mary Ward Smith
of Stanstead, Sept. 28, 1836, and Catha
rine Blanchard Clark of St. Johnsbury, May
4, 1842. No chUdren survive.
BENNETT, MILO L.— Milo L.Bennett, of
Burlington, was born in Connecticut, studied
at Williams and Yale and graduated at Yale
in 181 1. He studied law at the Litchfield
Law School ; came to Bennington and soon
went to Manchester, where he remained till
1836, when he went to Maine and spent two
years in the business of lumbering and losing
his property.
In 1838 he moved to BurUngton; was in
the fall of that year elected a judge of the
Supreme Court and served till the court was
reduced to three judges in 1850. He wasin
1850 elected one of the four judges of the
newly established circuit court and going off
the circuit bench practiced law one year,
i85i-'52, in corapany with E. E. Kellogg.
In 1852 he was elected again to the Supreme
Court and served this time tUl 1859, seven
years. After his judicial service closed he was
commissioner to revise the statutes and this
revision, when enacted, became the "Gener
al Statutes," published in 1863. "Bennett's
Justice" was also a work on which he spent
a good deal of time.
Judge Bennett did good work both at the
bar and as a judge and good legal work is
kept up by his descendants in the Boston
Law School. He died July '7, 1868.
HEBARD, William.— WilUam Hebard
of Randolph was elected a judge of the Su
preme Court in 1842, served one year, was
again elected in 1844 and served another
year. [See sketch in "Representatives,"
ante page 152.]
KELLOGG, Daniel.— Daniel Kellogg
of Rockingham was born at Amherst, Mass.,
Feb. 10, 1 791, graduated at Williams Col

lege in 1 8 10, studied law with Gen. Martin
Field of Newfane, and began practice at
Rockingham in 1814. In 1819 and 1820 he
was judge of probate, secretary of the Gov
ernor and council 1823 to 1828, state's at
torney 1827, and member of the council of
censors the sarae year. United States attor
ney for District of Vermont 1829 to 1841,
member and president of the constitutional
convention of 1843 and presidential elector
in 1864.
He was elected a judge of the Supreme
Court in 1843, but did not accept; in
1845 he was again elected and served six
years. He was a scholarly, orderly man of
excellent legal learning and took great pains
in writing his opinions. He had the confi
dence of both the bar and the people. His
professional, social, political and business
life were characterized by the most perfect
integrity. Judge Barrett said of him, " His
lawyership was broad, accurate, practical
and sensible, the result of faithful study,
faithful and extensive practice, of a large con
versancy with current business and affairs in
aU departments, and a most exceUent social
culture and bearing." He was president of
the first savings bank of the state.
Judge Kellogg married, first, Jane McAffee
of Rockingham ; second, Merab Ann Brad
ley, daughter of William C. Bradley ; third,
Miranda M. Aldis, daughter of Asa Aldis.
His children were : Henry, George B., Sarah
B., and Daniel.
Judge Kellogg moved to Brattleboro in
1854 and died there May 10, 1875.
HALL, Hiland.— Hiland HaU of Ben
nington was a judge of the Supreme Court
from 1846 to 1850. [See sketch in "Gov
ernors," ante page 93.]
DAVIS, Charles.— Charles Davis of
DanviUe was born in Connecticut, and when
he was a boy his father raoved to Rocking
ham and in 1806 to Middlebury. Charles
graduated at Middlebury, studied law with
Daniel Chipman and was admitted to the
bar in 1814. He edited a newspaper at one
time. He stayed two years in Middlebury,
then went to Barton and afterwards to
Waterford, but in 1828 settled in Danville.
He was that year elected state's attorney
and held that office seven years and again
served a year by an election in 1838. From
1840 to 1845 he was United States attorney
for the district of Vermont and was probate
judge for a tirae. In 1846 he was elected a
judge of the Supreme Court and served two
years. He represented Danville after he
was on the bench, though it was a strongly
Deraocratic town and he was a firm Whig;
in his legislative service he was chairman of
the judiciary committee. He spent the last

POLAND.

ALDIS.

183

of his Ufe with a son in lUinois and died
Nov. 21, 1863.
POLAND, LUKE POTTER.— Luke P.
Poland, of St. Johnsbury, was a judge of the
Supreme Court, 1848 to 1850; of the Cir
cuit Court, 1850 to 1857; of the Supreme
Court, 1857 to i860, and its chief judge,
i860 to 1865. [See sketch in "Senators,"
ante page 124.]
CIRCUIT JUDGES.— Three judges sat
on the bench of the Circuit Court, which
existed frora 1850 to 1857, who never re
ceived an election to the Supreme bench.
They were Robert Pierpoint, William C.
Kittredge and Abel Underwood.
Robert Pierpoint, of Rutland, a brother
of John Pierpoint, was born in Litchfield,
Conn., May 4, 1791 ; carae when a child to
Manchester, studied law with Governor
Skinner, and settled in Rutland. He was
circuit judge frora 1850 to 1856, and died
May 6, 1865.
William C. Kittredge, of Fair Haven,
was born in Dalton, Mass., Feb. 23, 1800 ;
graduated at Williams College in 181 2;
studied law in Northampton, Mass. ; went
to Kentucky, and was there admitted to the
bar; was six months in Ravenna, Ohio;
came to Vermont, was adraitted in Rutland
December, 1824, and settled in Fair Haven.
He married three times, and had eleven
children. For eight years he represented his
town ; was county senator two years ; was
speaker two years ; was state's attorney five
years, and six years a judge of the county
court. Hewas Lieutenant-Governor in 1852,
and in 1856 was elected a circuit judge, and
served one year. He died at Rutland, June
II, 1869, while on his way to Bennington in
discharge of his duties as U. S. Assessor of
Internal Revenue.
Abel Underwood, of Wells River, was
born in Bradford, April 8, 1799, and was an
uncle of Levi Underwood. He fitted for col
lege at Royalton, and graduated at Dartmouth
in 1824, teaching to pay his way. He stud
ied law with Isaac Fletcher, of Lyndon, and
was admitted to the bar in Caledonia county
in 1827. July 12, 1827, he raarried EraUy
Rix, of Royalton, and in 1828 began practice
in WeUs River, being about one thousand
dollars in debt for his education. He pros
pered in life, was U. S. attorney for this dis
trict, frora 1849 to 1853, and was a circuit
judge from 1854 to 1857. Judge Underwood
died April 22, 1879. His daughter and grand
daughter Uve in Montpelier.
ISHAM, Pierpoint.— Pierpoint isham,
of Bennington, was born at Manchester.
He was a son of Dr. Ezra Isham and his
mother was a cousin of Judge Phelps and of
Judge Pierpoint. After attendance at the

academy he studied law with Governor Skin
ner ; was adraitted to the bar and first set
tled in Pownal but soon moved to Benning
ton. In 185 1 he was elected a Supreme
Court judge and served six years. At the "
end of that tirae, when the circuit judge sys
tem was broken up and the Supreme Court
judges again made to undertake the task of
presiding at trials in county court. Judge
Isham absolutely declined a re-election, for
his impulsive temperament made him averse
to sitting at the conduct of jury trials. He
made an excellent judge in the work of the
Supreme Court, which was all that a Supreme
Court judge had to do during the term of his
service. Judge Isham died May 8, 1872.
ALDIS, ASA Owen.— Asa O. Aldis, of
St. Albans, was born in that town ; graduated
in 1829 at the University of Vermont, studied
law and became law-partner of his father.
Judge Asa Aldis. His practice was large,
and in 1857 he was elected a judge of the
Supreme Court, and served as such tiU the
suraraer of 1865, when he resigned, raoved
to this step by the loss of several children
and the impaired health of other merabers
of his family. He was United States consul
at Nice till 1870, and in 187 1 was appointed
president of the Southern Claims Commis
sion, the duties of which important position
occupied his time tiU 1880, when the com
mission ended. He thereupon served tiU
1884 on the French and Alabama Claims
Commission, and from 18 71 made Washing
ton City his horae. He had the grippe in
1890, and was thenceforward in poor health
till his death, which occurred in Washington,
D. C. Owen Aldis, his son, is a Chicago
lawyer. PIERPOINT, John.— John Pierpoint,
o f V ergennes,
was born at
Li tchfield, Ct.,
Sept. 10, 1805,
and was the sev
enth and young
est son of Dan
iel and Sarah
( Phelps ) Pier
point. In 18 (5
he carae to Rut
land to live in
the family of his
brother Robert,
who had raar
ried and settled
there, and years
after at the Bates House he told judge Ross
that he had felt old when there for he had
hunted that ground all over time and again
and shot his first game near where the Gen
eral Baxter residence stands. His first
day's hunting was so successful that his

^SJS- ^

i84

beardsley.

BARRETT.

brother Robert told him next tirae he might
take his new gun. John was as good a
hunter aU his days as he was judge and
there can be no higher praise of skiU than
that. Judge Peck once went with him when
he was hunting and told of his shooting a
bird on the wing, "firing as much as a min
ute after it had gone out of sight behind
some cedar trees." At his brother's he did
the chores and went to school ; at eighteen
began studying law, probably in Manchester,
and to continue his study he soon went to
the law school at Litchfield and boarded in
his father's faraily two raUes away. Judge
Ross thinks that there he got the habit of
thinking law as he walked and all through
his life he kept the habit of walking in study.
He was admitted to the bar in Rutland
county in 1827 and began practice in Pitts-
ford, where he wore through the boards of
his office floor by walking back and forth, it
is said.
He moved to Vergennes in May, 1832.
Here his health broke down and he spent
the winter of i835-'36 in Fayette, Miss.
With bettered health he returned to Ver
raont, but was always a man of frail health.
He represented Vergennes in 1841 and was
Register of Probate frora 1836 to 1857. In
iSSS) 1856 and 1857 he was in the state
Senate and chairraan of its judiciary cora
mittee two years.
In 1857 he was elected a judge of the
Supreme Court and his service on the bench
was thence continuous till his death ; he was
chief judge from November, 1865 to 1882.
In 1838 he married Sarah M. Lawrence of
Vergennes and they had seven children. He
died Jan. 7, 1882, and Mrs. Pierpoint died
Jan. 20, 1884. The bar of Vermont erected
a monuraent over his grave.
No raore lovable man ever was a judge, no
man more pure, no man more just, no man
whose work was better done. And of aU
things in him that made him beloved did
Charity most abound.
BEARDSLEY, HERMAN R.— H. R.
Beardsley of St. Albans, son of Ephraim
Beardsley, was born in Kent, Conn., July
21, 1800. His father raoved to Grand Isle
while Herraan was a boy and sent his son to
school to Rev. Asa Lyon. Herman entered
the University of Vermont in 18 19, but be
cause of failing health left coUege in his
junior year and soon after began the study
of law with Bates Turner and afterwards read
with Asa Aldis. He took high rank at the
bar and on the resignation of Asa Owen Al
dis in the suraraer of 1865 was appointed by
Governor Smith a judge of the Supreme
Court. His service was short, as the Legis
lature of that year instead of electing Mr.
Beardsley chose \\'illiam C. Wilson.

Judge Beardsley married AbigaU S. Webb,
stepdaughter of Bates Turner, and by her
had three daughters and one son. He died
in St. Albans, March 9, 1878.
BARRETT, JAMES.— James Barrett of
Woodstock, and
now of Rutland,
son of Martin
and Dorcas
(Patterson) Bar
rett, was born
in Strafford,
May 31, 1814.
He graduated at
Dartraouth Col
lege in 1838;
read law with
Charles Crocker
of Buffalo, N.Y.,
in 1838 and
1839, and with
Charles Marsh
in Woodstock in 1839 and 1840; was ad
mitted and began practice in Woodstock in
1840; moved to Boston in 1848, and re
turned to Woodstock in 1849. He was a
state senator two years, and state's attorney
two years.
In 1857 he was elected a judge of the Su
preme Court, and served as such twenty-
three years, his last service on the bench
being in 1880. No raan of more profound
knowledge of the law than Judge Barrett was
ever on the Suprerae Court bench unless
Asahel Peck was that raan. It is said of
Judge Peck that, having taken his position
in consultation on cases in which he differed
from his brethren, he was known to confess
himself wrong and his brethren right in but
one instance in all his service. Judge Poland
told me that, in consultation, when he and
Judge Peck disagreed, he once said to Judge
Peck : " You are a great deal the better law
yer, but I am a great deal the better judge."
There can be no doubt that the Supreme
Court, when I. F. Redfield, Poland and Bar
rett were on its bench together and after
wards when Poland, Barrett and Peck were
merabers, was a court that was supreme —
one that united stood and divided didn't fall
a great ways. How many times Judge Bar
rett gave up that he was wrong is not of
record. When those men differed, who
would now dare to say which was right and
which wrong — unless he could find out
what John Pierpoint thought, was, taking
everything into consideration, the right way
to dispose of the case.
Judge Barrett's many opinions, reported
in the near a quarter of a century that he
served, exhibit a strength and living force
that will always in legal circles give good
repute to Vermont courts and to the state.

KELLOGG.
The degree of Doctor of Laws conferred on
him is in his case a truthful as well as
honorable tide — given in accordance with
the fact.
After his retirement from the bench he
moved to Rutiand where he practiced his
profession and where he suffered, Feb. 15,
1887, the great loss of the death by accident
of his son James C. Barrett who had though
yet young in years attained position in the
very front rank of lawyers.
Judge Barrett married, Sept. 24, 1844,
Maria Lord, daughter of Dr. Simeon Wood-
worth of Coventry, Conn., and they had
nine chUdren. He lives in Rutland, adding
days of good old age to the years of honor
that lie behind him, and still dignifying the
profession of which he became a member
raore than half a century ago, by doing good
work in it.
KELLOGG, LOYAL CASE.— L. C.
Kellogg of Ben
son, son of John
and Harriot
(Nash) KeUogg,
was born in Ben
son Feb. 13,
1816. He grad
uated at Amherst
CoUege in 1836,
read law with
Phineas Smith
at Rutland, and
with his father in
Benson, and was
adraitted in Rut
land county,
September terra,
1839. He settled in Benson, which town he
represented in 1847, 1850, 185 1, 1859 and
1870. He was a raeraber of the constitu
tional conventions of 1857 and 1870, and
president of that of 1857.
In 1859 he was elected a judge of the
Supreme Court and served eight years ; he
was elected for a further term, but declined
to continue in office. He moved to Rutland
while judge, but returned to Benson on re
tiring from the bench. Judge Kellogg was
a raost honorable and learned judge. His
love of order was great, and I well reraeraber
how, years ago, after he had returned to
practice, he got me to copy one live-long
night papers that were to be presented to
the court the next day. They were done to
his satisfaction — and that was cause of won
der when I learned how particular he was —
except that he had well-defined and positive
ideas about the place for putting the filing
which were new to me, but for which he
gave reasons at large. His mode I after
wards followed till Judge Rowell, who is as
orderly rainded as was Judge Kellogg, insti-

WILSON.

'85

tuted the present raethod, for which he has
reasons as cogent as Judge Kellogg had for
his way ; and now that Judge Rowell's
method has been embodied in a rule, I try
to follow that, but always with a mental
apology to the raemory of Judge Kellogg.
Both ways are good ways — mine wasn't —
and it is entirely probable that the departed
judge's respect for a rule of court as a sacred
thing would lead him to coraply with it
should he return to practice, and if he didn't
so comply, revisiting the glimpses of the
court room would be unpleasant for hira.
Judge Kellogg never raarried. He died
at Benson, Nov. 26, 1872.
PECK, ASAHEL.— Asahel Peck of Jeri
cho was a judge of the circuit court from
185 1 to 1857 and of the Supreme Court
from i860 to 1874. [See sketch in " Gov
ernors," ante page 100.]
WILSON, William C— w. c. Wilson,
of Bakersfield,
was born inCara-
bridge, July 2,
1812. Hisfather,
John, was a farra
er, and tiU eight-
e e n Williara
worked on the
farm and attend
ed districtschool.
The boy then
went to school
in Jericho and by
teaching got
money enough
1 so he could study
- law, which he did
first in C a m -
bridge, then for two years in Fairfax and
then in St. Albans. Mr. Wilson was admitted
to the Franklin county bar September term,
1834, settled in Bakersfield, and obtained
a large practice. He maintained a school
for law students for some tirae after 1850 and
drilled them carefully in their studies. He
was state's attorney in 1844 and 1845, assist
ant judge of the county court in 1849, 1850,
and 185 1, member of the Constitutional Con
ventions of 1843 and 1850, state senator in
1848 and 1849, and representative in the
Legislatures of 1863, 1864, and 1865. In
1865 he was elected a judge of the Suprerae
Court and served five years, till 1870.
He married Clarissa A. Pratt of Bakers
field and by her had three children, three of
whora survived him : "W. D. Wilson, Esq.,
of St. Albans; Mrs. M. R. Tyler of St.
Paul, Minn., and Mrs. C. M. Start of Roches
ter, Minn. Mrs. Wilson died in 1869. Soon
after leaving the bench in 1870 Judge ^^^l-
son removed to Rochester, Minn., where his

i86

STEELE.

STEELE.

daughter, Mrs. Start, was then living. In
1873 he married a second time. The Min
nesota climate benefited his health and he
began wrUing upon a law work for publica
tion, but the sickness and death of his wife
and then his own faiUng heaUh compelled
him to abandon the undertaking.
Judge Wilson died AprU 16, 1882, and
in accordance with his expressed wish was
buried in the cemetery at Bakersfield.
STEELE, Benjamin Hinman.— b. H.
Steele of Derby, son of Sanford and Mary
(Hinman) Steele, was born in Stanstead, P.
Q.,Feb. 6, 1837. Fond of books his progress

BENJAMIN HINMAN STEELE
in study was so rapid that when but fourteen
he taught an advanced school in his native
town, the next winter he taught in Troy,
then two winters in Concord, Mass., then
again in Derby. Governor Dale said of
him : " He had early selected the road he
was to take, and was preparing earnestly for
his journey, teaching, studying, reading ;
now the raost ardent devotee at the Derby
and Stanstead academies, again reciting
Latin and French to the kind Catholic
priest ; then busily learning French five
months at the CoUege of St. Pierre ; rush
ing into a course at Norwich Lfniversity,
quickly hurrying from there to Dartmouth
College for want of tirae to complete a course
at both institutions ; prostrated by sickness,
burdened with the care of a family which
sickness and death threw upon his capable
and wiUing mind, he ran towards the city of

his destiny with wonderful courage. Thus
with a long arm and a strong will, he hewed
his way through college, over the threshold
of which he was stepping out into the world
as the acknowledged leader of his class,
when I first saw him."
Graduating at Dartmouth with honor in
1857 he continued studying law, first in Bar
ton (teaching as principal of Barton Acad
emy at the same time) ; typhoid fever com
pelled him to stop, on recovery he went to
Cambridge, Mass., intending to pursue his
studies at the law school. He went into the
Supreme Court as a spectator and was ad
vised by his friends to apply for admission
to the bar and at the age of twenty-one he
did so, was exarained by Benjamin F. Butier,
commended by Choate, who heard part of
the examination, and was admitted. He pre
pared to go west, but his old friends were
loath to let him go and persuaded him to
begin at Derby Line. This he did and at
once by untiring application, zeal and elo
quence went to the forefront as a lawyer.
When Judge Poland, in the faU of 1865,
was appointed to the Senate the other judges
each went up a peg and the place thus made
vacant was filled by Governor DiUingham's
appointing Steele a judge of the Supreme
Court. Only twenty-eight when he went on
the bench he was one of the strongest judges
of his day during his five years' service. In
1870 he declined a re-election to the bench,
was appointed a member of the board of edu
cation, and in 1872 was a formidable candi
date for the nomination to Congress against
Judge Poland. The canvass was an active
one and Judge Poland was barely successful
in convention. Judge Steele was a member
of the Republican national convention in
1872, and the civil service and tariff planks
of the platform were from his draft.
Judge Steele had an enthusiastic following
among the younger members of his party
and his genius justified their admiration.
Had he lived he would have taken his
proper place in the work of national legisla
tion and would have stood second in national
fame to no other of Vermont's representative
men. He was not only a thorough student
and profound thinker but an orator by na
ture and cultivation. His early death was
not only a grievous loss to his family and
friends, but to the state in good service and
in the honor a worthy and briUiant son
gives her when he becomes on a broader
field a statesman and leader of men.
Judge Steele married, Feb. 6, i86t,
Martha, only daughter of David and AVealthy
(Thomas) Sumner. Two children were the
issue of this marriage : Mary Hinman, and
David Sumner. The last years of Judge
Steele were spent at Hartland, where his
widow yet resides, and not many railes from

PROUT.

REDFIELD.

the home of his sister, Mrs. Samuel E. Pin
gree in Hartford.
His health had always been delicate, and
in 1873 he went to Minnesota, hoping its
climate would arrest the disease that has
been fatal to so many of New England's
sons and daughters. He died in Faribault,
Minn., July 13, 1873. No man who knew
hira can wrUe of him, even after the lapse
of more than a score of years, without quick
ening blood as he remembers the man of
whom at the commenorative meeting of old
neighbors and friends at Derby Line, Dale
long ago said : "A pleasant, happy father,
husband, brother, man. From his couch in
that far off Western town he looked back
upon no wild irregularity of his youthful or
riper years. He looked back with conscious
rectitude, through the fact that he had done
all he could, and with regret that he could
no longer comfort his friends ; and forward,
across the river Ut by the faith of that
church, the forms and creed of which had
long been pleasant to his mind ; then quietly
passed beyond our view."
PROUT, JOHN.— John Prout, of Rut
land, was born in Salisbury, Nov. 21, 1815.
His training was of the old-fashioned kind,
and his education was in the common
schools and academy. He followed the
trade of a printer several years and then
studied law in the oflfice of E. N. Briggs and
was admitted to the bar in Addison county
in 1837 and began practice with Mr. Briggs.
He represented Salisbury in 1847, 1848 and
185 1 and was state's attorney of Addison
county from 1848 to 185 1.
In 1854 he moved to Rutland and there
pursued his profession most successfully till
he retired in 1886. He had at various tiraes
as partners, Caleb B. Harrington, Charles
Linsley, W. C. Dunton, N. P. Simons and
Col. Aldace F. Walker. He represented
Rutland in 1865 and 1866 and was a sena
tor for Rutland county in 1867. In 1867
he was elected a judge ofthe Supreme Court
and served two years. The work was not as
congenial to him as that of his profession
and he declined further service. He was
honest, learned and wise ; and was a sort of
counselor-general not only to his clients but
to the community and his brethren of the
bar. It has been said of him that " to one
who knew Judge Prout principally in his
later life, its most striking characteristic
was the degree in which his name and his
opinions were deferred to in the community
wherein he lived."
Judge Prout died in Rutland, August 28,
1890. WHEELER, HOYT H.— H. H. Wheeler
of Jamaica, now of Brattieboro, and United
States district judge for the district of Ver-

-1* }

mont, was a judge of the Suprerae Court
frora 1869 to his resignation, March 31,
1877. [See sketch in Part II, post page 427.]
ROYCE, HOMER ELIHU.— H. E. Royce
of St. Albans was a judge of the Suprerae
Court frora 1870 to 1890, serving as chief
judge after the death of Chief Judge Pier
point in January, 1882. [See sketch in
"Representatives," ante page 155.]
REDFIELD, TIMOTHY PARKER.— T. P.
_ R e d fi e 1 d of
Montpeher was
one ofthe twelve
children of Dr.
Peleg and Han
nah (Parker)
Redfield. H e
was born at
Coventry, Nov.
3, 1812, and was
educated at
Dartmouth i n
the class of 1836.
\' "^ He read law
with his brother,
Isaac F., was ad
mitted to the
Orleans county bar in the year 1838, and be
gan practice at Irasburgh, where he remain
ed ten years. In 1848 he was elected sen
ator from Orleans county. He raoved to
Montpelier after the session of 1848, prac
ticed there till his election as a judge of the
Supreme Court in 1870, and continued on
the bench till the faU of 1884, when he de
clined a re-election. He married Helen W.
Grannis of Stanstead, Feb. 6, 1840, and she
survives hira. They had four children, one
of whom, Alice, the wife of Andrew J. Phil
lips, is living in Chicago. Alice has one
child living, a son Timothy. The judge,
after many years, lies with his three other
children in Green Mount cemetery, that
pleasant place of rest of which Eastman
wrote :
" This fairest spot of hiU and glade,
Where blooms the flower and waves the tree.
And silver streams delight the shade,
We consecrate, O Death, to thee."
Judge Redfield was a wise and genial raan,
as well as a profound lawyer and great judge.
No man at the bar had quite so much the
flavor of the olden time. Some way he re
membered the wise and witty things that
seemed to be the common stock of the
ancients of the law, and it was an education
to hear him discourse of the old lawyers and
the old practice. And withal he knew more
things that were "going on" about him than
nine-tenths of their actors ; how he became
possessed of his information was a raystery —
he must have absorbed knowledge from the
air as he went along. He was a powerful

ROSS.

VEAZEY.

advocate while at the bar ; logical, adroit,with
play of wit and humor, he was a dangerous
antagonist. And after he was on the bench
his power and mastery of the art of putting
things used to make the lawyer who was
getting the worst of the charge wince, and
make the one whose law and facts the judge
thought were right ashamed of himself to
see how a real artist could do his work.
When he had his raind made up he took
care that his position should be understood.
When he made decisions as a chancellor he
would often flle reasons with or as a part of
the decretal order that, when the case went
up, were a tower of strength in defense of
the order he had raade.
It is, I find, the general sense of those
who knew the two Judges Redfield that Isaac
F. was the more studious in habit, and Tim
othy P. the stronger by nature. The elder
brother cultivated more assiduously, but the
younger plowed the deeper, and he seemed
to know intuitively legal fields and what
grains and fruits they bore. I have been
surprised, after examining a doubtful point,
and going over aU the authorities attainable,
to hear him, the moment the question was
sprung in the court room, start from a prin
ciple and go on till he had talked all the law
there was about the thing — give a better
summary of the law off-hand than one could
find in the books of those who had taken
their tirae for thought and stateraent. He
was soUdly grounded in the principles of the
law, and he remembered a vast deal about
practice. He was to the younger merabers
of the bar a spring of pure and ever flowing
law, and I beUeve that his brethren on the
bench would say that they looked to hira as
to the master of a stronghold of the law,
with all its weapons available to his hand.
Judge Redfield died in Chicago, May 27,
1888, and was buried in Green Mount cem
etery, Montpelier.
ROSS, Jonathan.— Jonathan Ross, of
St. Johnsbury, now chief judge of the Su
preme Court, was elected a judge of that
court in 1870, and has been chief judge
since 1890. [See sketch in Parti I, post
page 342.]
POWERS, HORACE HENRY.-H. H.
Powers, of Morrisville, was a judge of the
Supreme Court frora 1874 to 1890, when he
was elected to Congress. [See sketch in
"Representatives," post page 324.]
DUNTON, Walter C— Walter C.
Dunton, of Rutland, was born in Bristol,
Nov. 29, 1830. He was educated at Malone
Acaderay, N. Y., and Middlebury College,
graduating at the latter institution in 1857.
He read law with DiUingham and Durant at

Waterbury and with Linsley & Prout at Rut
land and was admitted to the bar of Rutland
county in 1858.
He resided in Kansas some years and was
a member of its last territorial Legislature in
1 86 1. That sarae year he located in Rut
land. In 1862 he went into the army and
served as Captain of Co. H, 14th Vt. Vols.
He was Rutland's member of the constitu
tional convention of 1870. In 1865 he was
elected judge of probate for the district of
Rutland and served till April 14, 1877, when
he was appointed a judge of the Supreme
Court by Governor Fairbanks to fill the
vacancy caused by promotions consequent
on the resignation of Judge Wheeler. Judge
Dunton served on the Supreme Court bench
terminated in the fall of 1879 by his resig
nation of the ofifice.
He resumed practice and died in Rutiand
April 23, 1890.
VEAZEY, WHEELOCK Graves.— w.
G. Veazey of Rutland, now a meraber of the
Interstate Comraerce Commission, was ap
pointed a judge of the Suprerae Court Nov.
I, 1879, upon the resignation of Judge Dun
ton, and served tiU August, 1889, when he
resigned. [See sketch in Part II, post page
408.] TAFT, RUSSELL F.— R. S. Taft of Bur
lington has been a judge of the Supreme Court
since 1880, and since 1890 has been first
assistant judge. [See sketch in Part ll,past
page 391.]
ROWELL, John W.— John W. RoweU,
of West Randolph, has been a judge of the
Supreme Court since Jan. 1 1, 1882, when he
was appointed by Governor Farnham sixth
assistant after the death of Chief Judge Pier
point. He has been, since 1890, second
assistant judge. [See sketch in Part II, post
page 343.]
WALKER, WILLIAM H.— W. H. Walker,
of Ludlow, was elected a judge of the Supreme
Court in 1884, and served tiU September,
1887, when he resigned. [See sketch in Part
II, post page 417.]
TYLER, James M.— James M. Tyler, of
Brattleboro, has been a judge of the Supreme
Court since September, 1887, when he was
appointed by Governor Ormsbee to fiU the
vacancy caused by promotions after resigna
tion of Judge Walker. He is now third as
sistant judge. [See sketch in Part 11, post
page 405.]
MUNSON, LOVELAND.— Loveland Mun
son, of Manchester, has been a judge of the
Suprerae Court since his appointraent by

START.

THOMPSON.

Governor Dillingham in September, 1889, to
fill the vacancy caused by promotions fol
lowing Judge Veazey's resignation. He is
now fourth assistant judge. [See sketch in
Part 11, post pa.ge 283.]
START, Henry R.— Henry R. Start of
Bakersfield has been fifth assistant judge of

the Suprerae Court since his election in
1890. [See sketch in Part II, post page 373.]
THOMPSON, LafoREST H.— L. H.
Thorapson of Irasburg has been sixth assis
tant judge of the Supreme Court since his
election in 1890. [See sketch in Part II,
postp3.ge 397.]

VERMONT INVENTORS.
By LEVI K. FULLER.
In a search for rare and curious inventions, there has been revealed, among the citizens
of this state, a wealth of inventive talent, great ingenuity and reraarkable achieveraents, little
known and long forgotten. It is a pleasing task to rescue frora obscurity and to bring into
raore prominent light the efforts of our citizens in this direction. Many inventors are
found to have been too early, as weU as some too late, in the race ; so that they have performed
their tasks upon a line so slender, in its relation to the then known wants or needs of the
coraraunity, that recognition of their discoveries and the importance of their inventions, by
the multitude, was not possible until future years and an advanced civilization should disclose
their true value in industrial affairs.
In raany respects the state of Vermont has been as fruitful in the development of great
inventions as it has been unique in other interesting phases of Araerican history. A few
of the wonderful deeds of Verraonters are here recorded and their rightful place in the pro
gress of a century pointed out.
During the century there were 600,000 inventions patented in the United States, of
which nearly 4,000 have been granted to Verraonters, upwards of 1,000 of these being the
first of their class. Many of them have indeed been iraportant and controlling, even revo
lutionizing, departments of industry ; but in many instances important inventions were
never patented.
How came the inventions and improvements of the century to be made? They were
not conceived or born in the patent office at Washington, or in any governraent bureau,
much less brought forward by the order of any pubhc official. They were of an impelling
force, far dififerent in its nature, strength and magnitude ; a force that had its source in that
spirit born of freedom of thought, unfettered hands and unbounded opportunities ; a force
that has carved a nation out of the forest, and raade the prairie and the desert to blossom
as the rose ; that has preserved to us freedom, and given to the nation prosperity — indi
vidual responsibUity and opportunity — with governmental care only so far as is necessary to
secure this in its largest and noblest sense.
It has not been my object to speak of inventions merely to show the nuraber or kind,
but to point out some of those in which citizens of Vermont were the earliest in the field.
Thus we see, up among the fertile valleys of our little state, and among the green hills,
where live a hardy, thrUty and self-reliant people, left to carve out their own fame and
fortune, the ordinary citizen has grappled with the most important inventions of the age,
has solved successfully the mechanical and industrial problems of the century, reaping, in
many instances, a fair reward with unusual distinction, many with gratifying honors.
Patents issued to Vermonters in the last century :
Richard Rhobotham, Floor Composition, two patents, AprU 12, 1794.
William Hodgson, Threshing Machine, AprU 28, 1794.
Joshua Hathaway, Hydraulic Machine, Oct. 29, 1794.
Sarauel Kellogg, Wool and Cloth Shearing Machine, Jan. 31, 1795.
Lester Fling, Machine for Manufacturing Nails, Dec. 19, 1797.
Charles Holden, WindmiU, Jan. 24, 1798.
Eliakim Spooner, Cultivator, Jan. 25, 1799.

ADAMS.

DAVENPORT.

191

ADAMS, RUFUS, Randolph, invented a
steel spring pitchfork, about 1827. He
kept the secret to himself, until some of the
men whora he employed discovered it and
started factories in Brookfield and Hart
ford, whence it spread throughout the
United States. Before his invention was
used, the sticks were cut in the woods and
heavy forks were made from iron by the
blacksmith. BRADLEY, J. DORR, of Bratdeboro,
invented in 1852, a rotary pump, consisting
of a piece of rubber tubing secured to the
inside of a circular form, through which the
water was pressed by a revolving wheel
driving the water before it, as it was made
to turn either by hand or power. Large
nurabers of these were made and found at
the time a ready market. [A biographical
sketch and portrait of J. Dorr Bradley will
be found in Part I, page 138.]
DAVENPORT, THOMAS, Brandon.—
Among the most important inventions with
which mankind has to do at the present
time, is the use of electricity in its various
phases. To Vermont belongs the credit of
having given to the world the earliest suc
cessful harnessing of magnetism, or electro-
magnetism as it was then caUed, or elec
tricity, as we now term it, through the inven
tions of one Thoraas Davenport, a native of
Williamstown. This ingenious man was by
trade a blacksmith, and worked at his trade
in Brandon until 1832, when he became in
tensely interested in magnetism, and many
years lived, dreamed and worked, surrounded
by his successful demonstration of his skill
in the developraent of various electrical ap
paratus. In 1834 he made an electric motor, set
ting it upon the top of an earthen drinking
cup, which contained a battery which oper
ated the motor at the top. It had a horizon
tal revolving shaft, with the balance wheel at
one end. He exhibited this model in New
York to a syndicate of gentieraen who pro
posed to buy it. Araong those whora they
brought to exaraine it for the purpose gf get
ting an opinion was Prof. S. F. B. Morse,
who carefully exarained it and then decUned
to give an opinion other than this : "It is
certainly worthy of careful consideration,
and the subject is one in which I feel a
lively interest."
Davenport also invented a twenty-four-
wire telegraph for the sending of comrauni
cations over long distances. This he had
on exhibition in the city of New York, and
it was also examined by Professor Morse. It
consisted of an apparatus for the sending of
an electric current over each wire and an
other set of apparatus for receiving and re

cording the same at the other end. This
twenty-four-wire telegraph of Davenport's,
which had a wire for each letter of the
alphabet and which was examined by Pro
fessor Morse furnished the basis of the latter's
invention. Morse did not begin to think of a single
wire until 1835. He had gone no farther
than the thought of the use of magnetism
with the wire, but when he saw the twenty-
four-wire invention of Davenport, with the
mechanism at one end for sending the
electric current and the apparatus at the
other for registering the signal, the problem
was solved. AVhat Morse did was to invent
an alphabet enabling him to dispense with
twenty-three of Davenport's wires and use
the reraaining one.
Mr. Davenport also exhibited his invention
in 1835 at Middlebury College, then at the
institution at Troy, presided over by Miss
Willard, then at Princeton CoUege, and also
in N ew York, Springfield and Boston. Prof.
Joseph Henry gave hira a certificate attest
ing the originality of his invention. His
first patent was dated Feb. 25, 1837, and
was for the broad use of magnetism as a pro
pelling force for motive power. Mr. EUs-
worth, then at the head of the patent ofifice,
on the 4th of July, 1838, wrote him that his
was the first patent issued to anyone for such
an invention.
In 1840 he began the publication of a
newspaper in the city of New York, the print
ing press of which was driven by one of his
electric motors, and in one of the editions he
prints an editorial giving an estimate com
parison between the cost of steam when gen
erated by the use of wood, and power pro
duced from electricity, and showing by his
logic a large balance in favor of electricity ;
and then he adds, "The power of electricity
is far superior to steam, and must and will
triumphantly succeed," a prophecy which
fifty years later is being fulfilled.
Among his inventions is that of a circular
railway, a model two and one-half feet in
diameter having been raade in 1837, and
sold to the Troy Seminary, presided over by
Miss WUlard, and it remained in Troy until
two years ago, when it was procured by
Professor Pope and presented by him to the
Society of Electrical Engineers of New York.
In that model, there is a stand for the bat
tery, a circular track, a magnetic field, re
volving armature, a divided commutator,
the connection of the armature by raeans of
a bevel gear with the track, erabodying every
essential element of the modern electric
road. In fact, the divided comrautator is
the only successful raeans that has been de
vised of controlling the electric current.
The nuraber of electrical inventions of
this wonderful man was quite large, he ex-

192

FAIRBANKS.

FULLUM.

perimented in the making of motors for
driving diff'erent kinds of machines, and ex
perimented with an electric piano, since
then successfully developed.
Professor Pope, who has studied the work
of this great mind, says that, at the average
progress which attended his labors, six raore
raonths of work, logically, would have led to
the production of the phonograph.
Mr. Davenport gave ten years of his life
to this subject, but when Professor Page re
ported to the Congress of the United States
that the cost of operating by electricity was
vastly greater than that of steara, Davenport
became discouraged, the want of public ap
preciation disheartened him, and he returned
to Brandon in 1842, and resuraed his toil at
the forge and anvil. He was siraply a few
years in advance of his time.
FAIRBANKS, THADDEUS, of St. Johns
bury. The invention of a cast-iron plough
in 1825 was the beginning of an inventive
career that was singularly fertile, for the
number and variety of inventions as well as
their utility and influence upon trade and
commerce. The trade in domestic hemp
suggested greater convenience for weighing,
a simple platform scale was constructed
which proved so useful and accurate that its
development into a comraercial article soon
followed. His first patent for this invention
was taken out in 1831. The "knife edge"
bearings which supported the platforra and
working parts, were so admirably disposed
and the entire scale so carefully worked out,
that the increasing trade caused the little
mill to be speedily turned into a scale
factory, and it in turn giving way to larger
and more pretentious buildings, untU the
present establishment with its array of men,
supporting a large and thriving village, is
known wherever civilization has developed
the need of accurate weighing machines.
More than thirty-three patents were taken
out upon the scale and the means of its pro
duction, for in the early days of this inven
tion exact duplication of parts was unknown
and special machines for their rapid and
accurate production must also be invented.
His fertile mind led hira to iraprove the
cooking stove and the ice refrigerator for the
housewife. For more than sixty years he
led this life of enquiry, and developed along
many lines new and useful improvements,
and at the ripe age of ninety, having com
pleted an improveraent in hot water heaters,
receiving with unusual deUght his last patent,
his hght went quietiy out. [A biographical
sketch and portrait of Sir Thaddeus Fair
banks wiU be found in Part II, page 129.]
FIELD, Arthur, Springfield.— About
1830 invented an iraproveraent in hoes.

The blade of his hoe was made of two layers
of metal. On the inside, or top, was a thin
layer of tempered steel, while the bottom
consisted of a thin soft iron. The two were
welded together. The soft iron, while it pro
tected the steel from breaking, was more ex
posed to wear, and as it wore away on the
bottom edge, left the cutting edge thin and
so acted as a self-sharpener. The hoes
raade by Mr. Field were lighter and had an
improved socket for the handle. They were
made by him as long as he lived, and were
held in high esteem by farmers wherever
they were used.
FULLUM, A. J., Springfield.— Invented
and patented about 1852, an improved pro
cess of raanufacturing dies, for stamping
stencU plates and similar work, by grinding
and cutting them into shape with burrs in
stead of filing them out by hand, by which
the process of manufacture was greatly
cheapened, and the form and utility of the
implements improved, eliminating the wedge
shape which the hand file always gave. He
invented in i860 a new method of stencil
raaking, and in 1864 a sheep shearing
device. FISK, James, Brattieboro.— About 1878
invented a contrivance by which a horse
could be released from the wagon and a
brake applied to the hub of the wheel for the
stopping of a carriage.
GORE, JOHN, Brattieboro.— Was the
inventor of a steara wagon or carriage, which
he constructed and operated about the coun
try. It was driven by an engine of several
horse power, and was an object of especial
interest. It was seen during a period of
several years running about the country, but
finally was disraantled and put to other uses.
GOULD, William, Bratdeboro.— Was a
man of peculiar fertility of mind in matters
connected with waterworks and appliances.
In 1856 he invented improvements in fire
engines, but probably his greatest invention
was ia a machine for making lead pipe, and
lead pipe with tin Uning. This occurred be
tween 1840 and 1850. The machine was
finally sold for old iron about 1880, although
some of the minor parts of it are now at the
old shop. As both of these inventions in
volved large interests and iraraense sums of
money, it is singular that they never came
into notoriety, but Dr. Rockwell says that
J. Dorr Bradley took two strangers there to see
the machine, who were in the interests of one
of the parties of the lead or tin pipe litigation.
HARRIS, Silas, Shaftsbury.— Was the
first inventor and manufacturer ofthe modern

FULLER.
carpenters' square. He began by cutting
the plates out of old saws. In i8i 7 he came
to Shaftsbury and engaged Stephen Whipple
to forge them from bar stock, as he had a
trip hammer. This business had been con
tinued by one and another, developing until
there were four such manufacturing estab
Ushments in Shaftsbury, which were consoU-
dated some time since under the name of
the Eagle Square Manufacturing Co., located
at South Shaftsbury.
FULLER, Levi K., Brattieboro.— At the
age of sixteen Levi K. FuUer, then a tele
graph operator at Bellows Falls, constructed
a steam engine, having a valve of new and
novel design. It was exhibited at the \Vind-
ham county fair and received a premium.
This invention attracted much attention and
introduced young FuUer to the world of in
ventors and mechanics.
Many of the most valuable inventions re
lating to, and improvements in the con
struction and operating of reed organs, are
the result of his skill and thought, and for a
third of a century he has devoted his efforts
to this line of work in the interests of the
Estey Organ Co. Not alone in this depart
raent have his efforts been crowned with suc
cess, but in telegraphy, steam engineering,
car construction, and artificial ventilation,
as weU, he has originated in many other
branches of mechanics and science, iraprove
raents and methods of value.
The raanner of drying lumber and nuraer
ous other articles by raeans of the system
widely known as the "Common-sense" Dry
ing Apparatus, is one of his inventions.
It has been said that the road to the
patent ofifice has been more frequently trod
by this inventor than almost any other in
Vermont, and but few men in the country
have a larger list of patented inventions.
Upwards of one hundred different patents
attest the frequency with which the road to
the patent ofifice has been trodden by him.
HEDGE, L., Windsor, was an inventor
with rare traits of raental activity ; his raind
grasped the delicate detaUs of raachines of
precision with startling accuracy. His first
inventions are dated as early as 1815, for a
spring pen ruler ; in 181 7, a revolving ruler ;
in 1825, a machine for ruling paper ; in
1835, a carpenter's rule joint; followed by
the wonderful machines for the marking of
rules, so long employed by E. A. Stearns &
Co., at Brattleboro, and later consolidated
with the Stanley Rule and Level Co., New
Britain, Conn. The machines made sixty
years ago have not been surpassed in accu
racy in the marking of carpenters' measuring
rules.

JACKMAN.

193

JACKMAN, Alonzo, Northfield.—
Very soon after the successful inauguration
of the electric telegraph, scientists every
where attempted to grapple with the prob
lem of using this means to connect conti
nents separated by water and thus bring the
world into closer communication. Proba
bly the honor belongs to General Jackman
of offering the first successful solution of this
question. His life was spent in the quiet retreat of
Norwich LIniversity ; he was a mathema
tician of rare mental endowments and with
out a superior ; whatever he did in this
matter was the legitimate result of his learn
ing, opportunity and scientific investigation.
In 1842 he devised the scheme and dem
onstrated its practicabUity by successful ex
periments ; in 1843, while lecturing at the
Windsor Academy, he was asked the ques
tion : "How is telegraphic comraunication
carried on across large bodies of water?"
He iraraediately answered that it was done
by encasing the wires in India rubber. In
1846 Amos KendaU pubUshed an article
calling upon scientists to investigate the
problem, whereupon Professor Jackman im
mediately wrote hira revealing his plan and
offered the same for publication to prominent
newspapers, who declined the same with
thanks as being visionary and foolish. The
Vermont Mercury, printed at Woodstock,
however, pubUshed his article on the 14th of
August, 1846; in this he proposed the use
of a wire or wires coated with rubber and
enclosed within a lead pipe ; in order to give
the necessary strength he proposed to wind
his cable with iron rings suitably connected
with wires passing through holes in the
bands and then he proposed to wind the
whole with yarn to keep the strengthening
material in place. It must be remembered
that at this time the use of gutta percha was
not known to the arts.
The manner of laying the cable was as
follows : " Now let two steamers sufficiently
large, each having seven hundred and fifty
tons of said pipe judiciously coiled in the
hold, accompany each other to a point half
way between Boston and Liverpool, then let
an artist spUce the two halves of the appar
atus together, wire to wire, rubber to rubber,
and pipe to pipe. Next let one ship head
toward Liverpool and the other toward Bos
ton, and each put on steam and pay out pipe
according to the circumstances of the case."
The wide circulation of this article throughr
out the world could not have failed to at
tract the attention of many readers, for it is
precisely this plan that was adopted in 1857,
when the British and American men-of-war
proceeded to mid-ocean, and, spUcing the
cable, the Agamemnon started for the Irish
coast and the Niagara for Newfoundland, and

194

HOLTON.

MOREY.

the dream of Jackman had been successfully
accomphshed by the commercial enterprise
of Cyrus W. Field.
HOLTON, S., Middlebury.— Invented a
large number of intricate and interesting
things entering into the whole question of
the manufacture of cottons and woolens.
He was also a jeweler and made an ivory
watch, which is running to-day, and which
is a great curiosity and an invention of re
raarkable ingenuity. He also invented a
watch with the chronometer escapement.
He also invented new devices in regard to
clocks, and made the Garfield clock that
was taken about the country for exhibition.
KEYES, Asa, Brattleboro. — Invented in
1850 the steam cutting machine for cutting
slate used at the slate quarry at Guilford, an
invention which at first bid fair to produce
iraportant results, but with the closing of the
quarry, nothing further was done with it, al
though lately it is being revised and intro
duced in Pennsylvania.
MOREY, Samuel, Fairlee.— In the Life
of Robert Fulton, by Knox, it is related that
Sarauel Morey, between 1790 and 1794,
made experiments on the Connecticut river
by propeUing boats by steam. The facts
appear to be these : Gen. Israel Morey, of
Hebron, Conn., moved to Orford, N. H., in
1765, and to Fairlee, Vt., in 1772. He soon
after obtained a charter for a ferry between
the towns of Fairlee, Vt., and Orford, N. H.,
across the Connecticut river. He had five
sons and two daughters. The second son,
Capt. Samuel Morey, is without doubt en
titled to the credit of having invented, built
and operated a steamboat at his father's
ferry, between Orford and Fairlee, in 1 790
to 1 794, or more than fifteen years before
Fulton constructed the "Clermont" on the
Hudson river, and is the person alluded to
in the biography of Robert Fulton.
Rev. Cyrus Mann, of Orford, N. H., states
that he saw a steamboat made by Morey in
successful operation on the Connecticut river
at Fairlee, before 1 793. He also states that
he buUt a larger boat that ran from Hartford
to the city of New York in 1 794, where it was
seen by Chancellor Edward and Judge Liv
ingston, and many others. He also affirms
that Morey exhibited the same to Fulton and
that there was correspondence between him
and Fulton. Morey built a model of his
steamboat and took it to New York and there
exhibited it, as he claimed to Fulton, Liv
ingston and others, the model of which is now
in existence and in the possession of his
heirs. The original engine in the boat which
Morey first operated across the ferry at Fair

lee, he afterwards placed in a larger boat
which he constructed, called the "Aunt Sally,"
and took to Fairlee Pond (now Lake Morey),
and plied it there ; but being unsuccessful in
introducing it into comraercial life, he be
carae discouraged and sunk the boat in Fair
lee Pond.
Morey died in 1842 and down to the day
of his death he clairaed that he gave the idea
to Fulton ; that at one time there was a bar
gain between thera, and that, because of its
non-fulfillraent, he felt that he was greatly
wronged, as well as having his invention
misappropriated. In regard to this charge
of Morey's, Prof. R. H. Thurston, in his
Life of Fulton gives full credence to the
claims of Morey as to the invention of 1790
and 1793 at Fairled, accepting the story of
William A. Morey, as published in the Provi
dence Journal in 1874.
Much of the correspondence between
Professor Silliraan of New Haven and Morey,
and also of others, successfully estabUshed
the clairas. Some of this correspondence is
in existence today. Knox, in his life of Ful
ton, accepts the statement of Morey's bi
ographer that he probably had a boat on the
Connecticut river at Fairlee between 1790
and 1 793, but in regard to the charge that
he had exhibited the same to Fulton, it is
claimed that Fulton was in France at the
time the plans of the Clermont were made,
and could not have known of what was tran
spiring in the New World with this Ver
monter. Howe, in his "Erainent Mechanics," also
accepts the stateraent that Morey did mature
and operate a stern-wheel steamboat at Fair
lee, in 1793. This last author assigns to
Fulton the position, not of having been the
original inventor nor the perfecter, but as a
successful person, who so satisfied the law
of the state of New York as to receive its
prize ; and as the first to establish a regular
line of steamboats ; and by his genius and
perseverance so improved thera as to lay a
solid foundation for those who came after
him. This places the success of Fulton entirely
upon the comraercial side of the enterprise,
and takes him out of the category of an in
ventor, leaving the honor to others, which so
far as i790-'93 is concerned, the problem
had been completely solved and was in prac
tical operation upon the waters of the Con
necticut. Samuel Morey, who invented the steam
boat at Fairlee and Orford, was visited by
Chancellor Livingston. The patent for this
invention was issued to Morey and signed
by the President, George Washington. Itis
singular in its phraseology ; it is a patent
for the securing of power by means of steara.
Morey, thinking if he could propel a wheel

NICHOLS.
by steam he might do so whenever and to
whatever it could be applied.
NICHOLS, George W., Randolph.
— In 1827, whUe driving a team to Boston,
passing through Andover, N. H., had the
misfortune to break one of the runners of
his sled. The next day was stormy and he
conceived the idea of cutting off the other
runner to the same length as the broken
one, went into the woods and cut a short
sled-crook, which he put in place of the
broken runner, converted his sled into a
traverse, and continued his journey with the
other teams to Boston. He fourid on the
way that with the wooden shoes he could
get over the ground better than any other
team, could turn shorter by this means, and
could start his load when others faUed, turn
ing out and getting back into the road with
greater ease, and the next winter the teams
on that route changed their sleds to the
traverse system, setting their wagon bodies
on thera.
This is one of the raost interesting inven
tions affecting the farraing industry, truck
ing interests, and a multitude of vehicles.
It is a good illustration of the native inge
nuity, readiness of resource so characteristic
of a large class of our people who possess
the ability to overcome difficulties in an un
usual degree.
PALMER, Frank M., Brattleboro.—
Among the remarkable things that have con
duced to the economical conduct of busi
ness and furtherance of social intercourse,
and have greatly promoted the convenience
of mankind, is the invention of the postage-
stamp, emanating in Brattleboro about 1845,
by the postmaster at Brattleboro, Mr. Pal
mer, who invented and caused to be made
the first stamp for the prepayment of post
age in the general conduct of postal affairs.
Thomas Chubbuck, then of this place, a
most skillful engraver, was the artist em
ployed to make the design, and engraved the
same upon a block of wood. So valuable
have these become that at the time of writ
ing this, one thousand dollars has been
known to have been paid for a single stamp.
PIKE, Samuel, Brattleboro.— During the
suraraer of 1861, when the war of the rebell
ion was raaking such hea-\'y demands upon
our army, invented a portable cannon, to be
transported about the field by hand, which
could also be used upon a light gun carriage,
or upon the deck of a ship. In its best
forra it has since been worked out in the
tripod class of smaU cannon, and in the
rapid-fire form of construction now being
introduced in the navy.

PORTER. 195
Mr. Pike was a gunsmith of rare talent.
He was consulted by Samuel Colt in regard
to the making for him of his revolver, and
offered, for the sura of four hundred dollars,
to construct the first revolver, agreeing to
make it in good style, perfect in operation,
and first-class in workmanship, one that
should serve as a model to be copied in sub
sequent manufacture. Mr. Colt thought he
could get it done cheaper, but afterwards told
Mr. Pike of his error in judgraent.
PORTER, Frederick, Springfield.—
In 1820 Mr. Porter, while engaged in card-
covering by hand, invented a machine that
would make the holes in the leather, bend
the wire into proper shape, cut it off and in
sert it into the leather, suitable for cards.
Work upon this invention was carried on
under lock and key for many years, with the
help sworn to secrecy.
SMITH, D. M., Springfield, was one of
the brightest inventors that this state has
ever had. He was the inventor of the spring
clothespin in common use wherever washing
is done.
The manufacture of hooks and eyes was
carried on at Springfield for many years by
the D. M. Smith Co., who used the machine
of Mr. Smith, which was a marvel of ingen
uity, taking the wire from the reel, bending
it into both a hook and an eye, and some of
the machines went so far as to make the
swanbill hook and eye, which contained a
fastener, so that it could not be unhooked
excepting by a dexterous hand. The same
machine counted them, put them upon
cards, and boxed thera ready for market,
although that part which related to the
putting of the hooks and eyes upon the
cards was done by one of the workmen,
naraed Alvin Mason. A single machine to
do this cost $20,000.
It is believed that Mr. Smith was the first
inventor of the typewriter. Parts of the
original machine are now preserved at
Springfield. STEWART, P. P., Pawlet.— The inven
tion of the modern cooking stove by P. P.
Stewart is an illustration of the fertiUty of re
sources of men bred amid our hills and hav
ing to contend with early difficulties. In
1832, while visiting a friend, he observed
the needs of a stove in the roora ; he imme
diately raade one, and it served so weU that
an addition of an oven was suggested ; this
he made of sheet iron, which served the
family weU for many years. He had been a
sort of industrial missionary to the Choctaw
tribe of Indians, and performed this work
after he left Pawlet and prior to his founding
of OberUn CoUege. He returned to Pawlet

196

STRONG.

WHEELER.

in 1836. Having adopted a vegetable diet,
on account of ill-health, the cooking did not
suit him, being burned on one side and half
done on the other.
This is the way he sohloquized in regard to
it — twenty-eight years ago I had this story
frora his own Ups, it has been confirmed in
courts of law, and reproduced by his biogra
pher, and shows the operations of a logical
mind while working out a problem. He was
then struggUng for a new start in life. He
said his stove must be adapted to the wants
of a poor man, in order to cook his food well
and thoroughly and bake his bread on aU
sides ; a single stick of wood as large as a
man's arm was to furnish the fire. He split
it into three small sticks, laid them side by
side, but spread out they would not burn ; he
held in his hand a paper and philosophized
thus : " If I turn up the sides of the sheet
bringing the wood so near together that they
touch, then they wiU burn, and the sides will
throw off heat enough to heat the oven, back
and front," so he cried Eureka and told his
wife of his invention. He made a sheet iron
box for an oven, and into this he suspended
his firebox. No such thing had ever before
been heard of and with the three sticks of
wood he performed the work necessary for
himseU and wife, and upon the bed of coals
already made, a single stick sufficed for
ironing. Thus simply, yet under great distress was
the modern cooking stove evolved.
STRONG, Frank M., Vergennes. — a
workman in the Sampson scale works of that
city, raade a special study of weighing raa
chines with a view of overcoming the wear
upon the pivots and bearings. It has been
stated that while engaged in this study,
holding a grapeshot in his hand, it sUpped
and roUed upon the floor, striking the wall and
rebounding; this suggested the novel idea
which he afterward incorporated in the scale.
He said, " If I could put the platform of a
scale upon balls like that, whenever any
weight struck it rudely, I could arrange the
platform so as to have the surrounding frame
receive the shock, and thereby increase the
life of the scale." By allowing the platform
to move readily and quickly, all the vital
parts of the scale are thoroughly protected.
WARDWELL, George j., Rutland.—
The marble quarries of Vermont were orig
inally worked entirely by hand, the blocks
being cut much as they now are, except that
they were of less thickness, a large force of
men being employed for that purpose at
West Rutland, where the main quarries were
developed.

To Mr. William F. Barnes of West Rut
land is attributed the discovery and working
of these quarries, which was done for many
years in a small way, even before the intro
duction of railroads, the marble being then
hauled by teams to Lake Champlain to be
shipped to more distant markets by water.
The great expense of cutting by hand, with
other troubles which frequently occurred,
induced the owners of the quarries, and
more especially Mr. George J. Wardwell, to
invent a machine to do the work of channel-
Ung, which machine is still extant and in use,
and which has proved very valuable in in
creasing the output of marble as weU as in
reducing the cost of its production, one ma
chine doing the work of raany raen.
In these machines the drills are combined
in gangs consisting of several drills operated
by machinery, cutting channels to a greater
depth and much faster than was possible by
the old process. The same power that op
erates the drills also propels the machine
along the channels as they are cut.
These raachines have, since their introduc
tion and use at West Rutland in the quarries
there, been extensively used in other marble
quarries of the state, and are now in use in
many sections of the country in quarrying
other varieties of stone. [A biographical
sketch and portrait of Mr. Wardwell will be
found in Part II, page 419.]
WHEELER, Franklin, Brattleboro.-
Mr. Wheeler came to Brattleboro about
1820 to work for Hezekiah Salisbury, mak
ing window springs. One Sunday while
wandering in the woods of West Brattleboro
he stumbled and fell, hurting his crippled
leg so that he thought best forest before get
ting up. While lying on the ground, he
noticed some of the stones under him
covered with moss ; by his stumbling and
fall he had knocked off sorae of this moss,
and he noticed shining yellow spots upon
the stones ; he dug out a quantity of the
shining metal with his knife, resolving to try
it in a crucible to see what it was. He shut
hiraself up in the shop, melted the ore in a
crucible, and it came out pure, shining, yel
low metal. With some of it he plated the
heads of the window springs and showed
them to his uncle Salisbury, who said it was
gold ; it was sent to Boston and there pro
nounced gold. It is not known of any
earUer gold plating having been done in
Vermont. While Wheeler was making window springs
at Brattieboro he invented a breech-loading,
six-shooting, revolving pistol, in 1 821, which
was perfect in all its parts and for many
years was in constant use. This antedates
Colt by about fourteen years.

QUEER CHARACTERS.
By HIRAM A, HUSE,
There is hardly a town in Vermont that has not its tradition of one or more queer
specimens of humanity who left a name of curious farae among those who dwelt near his
local habitation. These people — odd in different ways and in aU degrees — whose name is
legion cannot be individually described unless one should take up the writing of many
books of which there is no end.
Moreover, they run all the way frora the class whose eccentricities are tacked to strong
and forceful natures and form but Uttie part of the real man, to the one that includes those
whose oddities are about aU there is to them.
Within these wide Umits we find raany nationaUties represented and raore than one
race. Joe and Molly — the Indians whose memory is perpetuated by the ponds that bear
their name — perhaps would rightly head the Ust — not in degree of strange conduct but in
order of time ; and many a man whose name rightfully appears in far other kinds of record
would in certain phases belong in the long Ust.
The strong man it is said sooner or later always finds a stronger man than he, and the
one who has killed his sixty-eight bears can if he seeks find another who has killed one hun
dred and twenty-three. And no doubt a large contingent of the noble array of native odd
men could be recruited frora the hunters and fishermen who have lived as well as from those
who now live in the state.
Each profession has its contribution ; business, the trades, the farms — aU give numbers
to the ranks of those who are called "odd."
One who is interested in this phase of human life wiU find his taste gratified by many
true "brief mentions" in Hemenway's Gazetteer, and, as Blackstone has it, not to speak
ridiculously, even in the proceedings of the Vermont Bar Association, where are recorded
divers and sundry doings and sayings of odd sticks in the profession, as well as those of the
wise and learned.
But, after all, the best written history in this Une is not dressed up as history at aU, but
comes to us in the guise of fiction. The " Y^ankee " is pretty much alike in the six states of
his nativity and with more or less degree of fidehty has been painted in many a novel and
story. Of the authors who have done this work, D. P. Thorapson was a pioneer, and his
Yankee was the Vermont Yankee. Thompson did not go into analysis of mode of thought
or attempt photographic accuracy in giving the dialect, but his Verraont Yankees wUl never
be turned out of doors by one who knows the genuine article. At this day Rowland Rob
inson is introducing to a wide reading public types of the queer folks in Vermont — up to
date. Nothing better — closer to the fact — has ever been done in book-making than his
Verraont Yankee and French Canadian in " Uncle ' Lisha's ' Shop," and in "Sara LoveU's
Camps" — from the opening chorus of the former, the deestric' school meetin' to the end of
the books. When Thomas W. Wood paints a Yankee, the real Yankee looks at you from the
canvas — you have leen him, you know hira ; when Robinson paints in words what Wood
does in colors, you see and hear Uncle 'Lisha and Sam and all the others who have lived
and raoved and had their being under other naraes right here in Verraont. So that one
who wants to know Vermont types can do no better than read Thompson for the old and
Robinson for the later — if a man has read thera once he will read them again and if any
Vermonter hasn't read both of them it is high time that he did. The odd characters have

198 SMITH. SMITH.
their fair representation in these books — their types there given are weU worth study and
life is too short for writer or reader to deal with the host of oddities who have raade Ver
mont their home.
If one were to begin, say with Heman ^V. W. MiUer, where would he end? Miller, who-
was a quondam quasi lawyer, school teacher, orator, what not, with a big voice and flow of
words to keep it going — early abolitionist, with genuine behef in the cause and zeal, he it
was who, after the killing of Lovejoy by the pro-slavery raob in Alton, said in an anti-
slavery speech up in Orleans county : "Fellow-citizens, future ages wUl erect to him a
raonument which shall have for its base eternal space, and from whose top you can behold
the throne of Alraighty God."
There is, however, a quartette of natives of this state that ought to be raentioned by
name and have some brief account of them here given. Had they spent their lives in Ver
mont those of us who remain within her borders would be modestly reticent about them,
but it would be hardly just to the Sons of Verraont not to lift the bushel for a moment and
give a glirapse of these four shining Ughts.

JOSEPH Smith.— When Dr. Denison of
Royalton was called one winter night near
ninety years ago to attend Mrs. Joseph
Smith, it never entered his head that he
was to aid in the advent of a prophet, and
it is not at all probable that the good doctor
would have admitted, had he hved to this
day, the prophetic character of the child
born that night of his patient. But thous
ands in other lands as well as this have done
so, and the Mormon Church and communi
ties bear witness to the power exerted by the
strange man, who came to be known as the
Mormon Prophet. And however much this
raan Smith's "revelation" as to spiritual
wives raay have paved the way, it should be
reraerabered that polygamy was established
under the domination of Brigham Y^oung,
whose authority and doctrine were disputed
by the surviving raerabers of Smith's family.
Joseph Smith, son of Joseph and Lucy
(Mack) Smith was born in Sharon, Dec. 23,
1805. The family was poor, but it is said
that the mother, Lucy, was a woman of
sorae peculiarities, and had herself a sort of
"prophetic soul" as to some great things her
sons were to do in the world. When Joseph
was ten his parents raoved to Palmyra, N.
Y., and four years later to Manchester, N.
Y., near Palmyra. In 1820, a year when
four of his father's family joined the Presby
terian church, Joseph took to the woods to
pray and claimed to have there had a vision,
the telling of which excited only ridicule.
Sraith obtained the plates soon after at
taining his majority, and told his later
visions, which were treated with the sarae
ridicule that greeted the story of his vision
in the woods. He thereupon went to where
the family of his wife lived in Pennsylvania,
and began copying the characters that were
on the plates. These characters, bv the
way, are said to have been a " composite "

made frora several alphabetical forras. Smith
clairaed that he was enabled to understand
them by the aid of a pair of magic spec
tacles, to which he gave the name of "Urim
and Thummim." He dictated his transla
tion from behind a curtain, the first of it to
one Martin Harris, and the rest to one Mar
tin Cowdery. May 15, 1829, Smith again
went into the woods, this time taking Cow
dery with hira, and there they professed to
have been in receipt of an address from
John the Baptist, and that he conferred the
priesthood of Aaron and the, spirit of pro
phecy upon Smith.
He claimed to have had another vision
Sept. 23, 1823, and that at this time the
angel Maroni or Moroni (the orthography
of the family name of this angel is a little
uncertain) visited him and told him of a
book written on golden plates that contained
the history of forraer inhabitants and "the
fulness of the everlasting gospel." The an
gel also told hira where these plates were de
posited, and Joseph went to the place de
scribed and saw the plates, but was not able
to take thera away, afterward learning from
the angel that his inability to remove them
arose from the fact that he prized the plates
more than what was inscribed thereon, and
that he could not hope to get into possession
of them until he was willing to devote him
self to their translation.
In 1830 the Book of Mormon (the trans
lation, by aid of the magic spectacles, of the
matter on the plates of gold) was pubUshed
at Palmyra by Egbert _B. Grandin. It is
said that its basis was a story written by one
Soloraon Spaulding, entitled "The Manu
script Found." On the 6th of AprU, 1830,
the Morraon Church was organized by
"saints" at the house of Peter Whitmer in
Fayette, N. Y., and on the next Sunday at
Whitmer's house Oliver Cowdery preached

SMITH.

YOUNG.

199

the first serraon and several were baptized.
In June, 1830, the church held its first con
ference, and had a membership of about
thirty persons. Smith at this gathering
claimed supernatural power, and his first
" miracle " was casting the devU out of
NeweU Knight of ColesviUe, N. Y. The
"Prophet" at this time, with his Book of
Mormon promulgated, and, church started,
was only twenty-four years old and soon did
a good business, for a young fellow with his
opportunities, in drawing people to his new
doctrines. The " Holy RoUers," who infested Hard
wick and vicinity more than half a century
ago, and were preached against by Rev.
Chester Wright, were not more zealous in
season and out of season than Smith and his
lieutenants, and had none of the executive
ability and constructive skiU of the latter.
His following increased, and he announced
that Kirkland, Ohio, was the promised land,
and early in 1831 the new "church" settled
there and at once sent out missionaries.
That summer Missouri also was announced
as promised land, and Sraith located a Z ion,
as he called it, out there, afterwards return
ing to Kirkland, and getting tarred and
feathered at Hirara, Ohio. His partner in
this affliction was Sidney Rigdon, a Pennsyl
vanian a dozen or rnore years older than
Sraith, who tried to succeed Smith after the
latter's death, but was outgeneraled by Brig
ham Young, and who, notwithstanding, ad
hered to the Mormon faith tiU his death in
Friendship, N. Y., in 1876.
The Mormons adopted May 3, 1834, the
name of "The Church of Jesus Christ of Lat
ter Day Saints," in February, 1835, organ
ized their twelve Apostles, and dedicated
the first Mormon temple March 27, 1^836, at
Kirkland. A couple of years later there
were disagreements and the prophet was
accused of having stirred up some of his fol
lowers to take the Ufe of Grandison Newell,
who opposed him ; on this charge he was ar
rested but was discharged. In 1838 he got
away from Kirkland and went to Far West,
Mo., where for a year conflicts raged between
his followers and hostile missionaries. The
militia were caUed out. Smith lodged in jail
and indicted for all manner of crimes. He
escaped from jaU and in April, 1839, with
most of his fleeing brethren, setded in lUi
nois and founded the city of Nauvoo. In
1840 he obtained a charter for this city of
Saints — soon organized the Nauvoo Legion,
a miUtary body of 1,500 men, erected and
dedicated a new; temple and extended his
missionary work by sending preachers across
the ocean.
In 1842, he was at the height of his power,
but the next year his "revelation" to take
spiritual wives made a break in the church.

and was the cause of his death. All through
his career his eneraies had raade life mis
erable for hira, if being arrested forty or
fifty tiraes was enough to do it ; and now
two Mormons, Foster and Law, angered by
his new revelation and its effect on their
domestic affairs, founded a newspaper to at
tack him. The first number of their paper
had the affidavits of a number of women
who charged Smith and Rigdon with im
moral conduct. The prophet appears to
have been a prohibitionist in his way, for he
had the council adjudge the paper a nui
sance and order it abated, and his friends
attacked the ofifice, smashed the press and
burned the paper and furniture.
Foster and Law escaped to Carthage, made
complaint on which warrants were issued
for the arrest of Smith and a score of his
followers ; the ofificer who went to serve the
warrants was driven out of Nauvoo by the
city marshal. The militia were called out
and the Mormons gave up the arms they
held belonging to the state.
Joseph and his brother Hyrum were ar
rested for treason and taken to Carthage
where the Governor of lUinois visited thera
in jail and proraised to protect them from
the mob. He did place a guard at the jail,
but June 27, 1844, a mob consisting of more
than a hundred disguised men attacked it,
rushed in, and at their first volley kiUed
Hyrum. Joseph next fell dead, pierced by
four bullets. So closed, at the age of thirty-
eight, the life of this remarkable specimen of
huraan kind. Whether he was an enthusiast
partially self-deceived or whether he was
a conscious fraud each can deterraine for
himself. His wife refused to acknowledge the lead
ership of Brigham Young as her husband's
successor and remained at Nauvoo when the
exodus of the Mormons under Young took
thera to Utah. His son, Joseph, who was
born at Kirkland Nov. 6, 1832, remained
with his mother and after attaining manhood
formed the "re-organized" Mormon Church,
which professedly in accordance with the
teaching of "the prophet" and the Book of
Mormon is antagonistic to polygamy.
Brigham Young.— The man who suc
ceeded Sraith as prophet and leader was also
a native of Verraont. Brighara Young was
born in Whitinghara, June i, 1801, and when
he was three years old his folks moved to
Sherburne, N. Y'., and there Brigham re
mained tiU sixteen, his educational advan
tages consisting in attendance on school to
average one day a year. He then went to
work in Mention, N. Y., and was there a
carpenter and joiner, painter and glazier.
Young came to know of the Book of Mor
raon the year of its publication, and in 1831

20O

YOUNG.

KIMBALL.

he was converted to its doctrines under the
preaching of Samuel H. Sraith, one of the
modern Joseph's brethren. April 14, 1832,
he was baptized, and in the faU of that year
went to Kirkland, where he became a fast
friend of Smith, was soon ordained an elder,
and, Feb. 14, 1835, was chosen one of the
twelve Mormon Aposties. TUl the dedica
tion of the Kirkland temple in 1836 Young
occupied hiraseU in its building, for which
his trade fitted him, and in the study of
Hebrew. The year after the dedication,
when David Whitmer tried to supplant Smith,
Y''oung was very active and successful in
keeping the Mormons faithful to Smith.
He went to Far West, Mo., in 1837, but
got into trouble with Governor Boggs of that
state, who ordered him to leave,' upon which
Young went into IlUnois. In 1839 Young
and Kimball went to England to spread the
new faith and remained there two years. On
his return he was one of the founders of
Nauvoo. When Joseph and Hyrum Smith were shot
in 1844 Young was in New Hampshire, but
at once set out for Nauvoo, and in August
defeated Rigdon for the leadership of the
church. The body of believers in the faU
were eager to leave Nauvoo, and Illinois
soon took its charter away and the Mormons
were assailed with great enmity. Many were
plundered and had their houses burned ;
some were whipped and sorae kiUed.
Young proclaimed his intention to have
them find a horae in the wilderness and to
start to seek it in 1846. In February and
March, 1846, they started, and their proces
sion of several hundred wagons went west
ward. In June they were called on to fur
nish 500 men for the Mexican war, and
Young had the Mormon battalion fiUed in
three days. Frora July to April, 1847, they
remained with the Pottawattamie Indians
who gave them kind treatment. April 7,
Young and 142 foUowers went as an advance
guard to select a suitable place for the new
city of the Saints, and July 24, 1847, he en
tered Salt Lake valley, choosing this as the
place for their future home ; he returned in
the fall to the main body. He had been
chosen to succeed Sraith as prophet, and
was now selected as president by the twelve
apostles. May 26, 1848, Young with his faraUy and
two thousand Mormons started across the
plains and reached Salt Lake City, Sept. 20,
1848. A provisional government for the new
state of Deseret was organized and Young
elected its Governor in 1849. The territory
of Utah was established by the national gov
ernment. Young was appointed by the
President its Governor and took the oath of
ofifice Feb. 3, 1851. Thus these strange
people found a place to grow undisturbed.

and the government machinery was in the
hands of their ablest man.
August 29, 1852, Young openly announced
polygamy as to be a part of the doctrine and
practice of the church. Isolated as his peo
ple were and powerful as they were be
coming, he threw away all disguise in this
matter, and claimed that his action was based
on a revelation to Smith before his tragic
death. But in Smith's behalf it may be urged
that the Book of Mormon forbids polygamy
and Smith's wife and his four children stren-.
uously denied ever having heard of any such
revelation. The extraordinary character of these events
has not escaped the notice of writers of
draraa and fiction, as well as raoralists and
legislators. Bayard Taylor felt moved to
dramatize some of their features, and A.
Conan Doyle has Young as one of his charac
ters in "A Study in Scarlet." Doyle puts a
sentence into the raouth of one of his Mor
mons that shows well the blind faith in
which they obeyed this unique and powerful
personality : " Brigham Young has said it,
and he has spoken with the voice of Joseph
Smith, which is the voice of God."
The doings of the Danites, or Avengers of
Blood, the troubles that led to the military
expedition of thirty odd years ago, the efforts
of Young to strengthen and of moralists to
weaken his pet twin relic — all these belong
to history rather than to a brief biographical
notice. At any rate, Vermonters have the
satisfaction of knowing that it is " the Ed
munds law" that of late has done much to
do away with the evils of polygamy.
Brigham Young died at Salt Lake City,
August 29, 1877. He had seventeen wives
and left forty-four children living. •
Heb'er Chase Kimball.— This man was
in 1847, when Young was elected president
by the twelve apostles, chosen as one of the
two counsellors to act with Young. Kimball
was born in Sheldon, June 14, 1801. Some
have said that Kimball was from the vicinity
of Strafford as weU as that Smith's people at
one tirae lived in Tunbridge, but the ac
cepted authorities relieve Orange county
frora responsibility for these two men.
Heber had a coraraon school education and
as he grew up worked in his father's black
smith shop in West Bloomfield, N. Y. He
then learned the potter's trade and worked
ten years in Mendon, N. Y. April 15, 1832,
he was baptized and thenceforward was a
zealous Mormon, becoming one of the twelve
aposties in 1835.
He was in 1838 taken prisoner by the
mihtia and released. The next year he went
with Young on a missionary tour to Eng
land, where they spent two years. Kimball '
was of those who left Nauvoo in February,

NOYES. NO^¦E,'^. 201
1846, and one of the pioneers who first en- estabUshment of the widely celebrated
camped at Salt Lake City in July, 1847. He Oneida Community. For some years the
died there, June 22, 1868. coraraunity was apparently successful with
its "Unity House" and farming and raanu-
JOHN Humphrey Noyes. — Altogether facturlng enterprises that represented haU a
a dififerent type of man from any of the trio million dollars in value.
noted above, John H. Noyes established a The public would not have concerned
community that was for a tirae a close second itseU about his affairs as long as they exera-
to the Mormons in notoriety. He was born plified a community of property only, but
in Bratdeboro, Sept. 6, 181 1, graduated at the complex marriage system savored too
Dartmouth CoUege in 1830, studied law for much of a community of person and the
a time, then pursued a theological course at Oneida concern had to abandon its complex
Andover and Yale seminaries and was marriage business, and thereupon it soon
licensed to preached in 1833. The next ''^^'^t °^^ °^ business generally and faded
year he experienced a new conversion and ffom the knowledge of men. It had in 1874
< , -u r -il. TT 1 1 two hundred and thirty-five members and a
began to preach a new faith. He had some 1 ¦ j j 1 » ^ -n? ir r 1 c- u 1
, ° r -, , , , , , kindred plant at Walhngford, Conn., had
theory of a dual body and complex mar- ^^^.^ nigrnbers
riage, and ran a small community for sorae ^oyes died' at Niagara Falls, Canada,
years before raaking what was his most AprU 13, i860. The public condemned his
famous venture. The thing by which he be- institution and its results, but allowed him
came known aU over the country was the credit for good motives.
Since the foregoing was written a new theory as to the origin of Mormonism has been
told me. It wiU be remembered that Gen. John W. Phelps was not only a radical anti-
slavery man, but a zealous anti-Mason. Y'ears before he got into trouble with Secretary
Stanton, because of his haste to kiU slavery during the rebellion, he had been stationed at
Salt Lake City. A Brattleboro neighbor, talking about his experience there, asked him what
he thought of Mormonism, and the general replied : "The whole miserable thing had its
rise in Masonry." They used to lay many things to Van Buren — in respect of which Parson
Tilton Eastman once said, when asked whether he was going to plant his potatoes in the
new, full, or old moon, " I think I'U plant 'em when I get ready, and if I don't get a good
crop I'U lay it to Van Buren."
Van Buren is gone, and "The Total Depravity of Inanimate Things" cannot explain
everything, and a table of errata is an abomination. I acknowledge the irrepressible tend
ency of the comma to insert itself where it never was written, and contemplate with
equanimity its unexpected appearance in aU sorts of places, as where, on page 197, already
printed and beyond recall, it impUes that Blackstone said something about the Vermont Bar
Association or some of its proceedings, or wherever it does alia enormia. But when in the
account of Joseph Smith, on page 198, the fourth paragraph is made to precede the third,
I do wish the reader, kind or otherwise, raay discover the transposition or lay the present
arrangeraent of the plates to Van Buren or some other deceased person — or even to the
Masons, which will let rae out of all but a proportionate share of blarae.
Until "hostile missionaries" appeared suddenly, as from ambush, on page 199, the
interconvertibility of Missourians and missionaries was wholly unsuspected.
It would take more than aU this to worry any of the queer characters, but what may be
permitted in a lively theme may not in one severe. So any one whose eye this may catch
is asked to note that the sketch of Judge Beardsley on page 184 should follow that of Judge
Peck on page 185, and that the names of the first and sixth assistant judges on pages 188
and 189 should be RusseU S. Taft and Laforrest H. Thompson.
Judge Beardsley's name is left out of the list of Judges at the head of the article on
thera, as is that of Senator Proctor from the Ust of Senators heading sketches of thera.
That is aU weU enough, as far as it goes, for it would have been ridiculous to attempt to put
up the Senator in nonpariel — and in fact nonpareil and the users of it ought to be abated as
nuisances anyway.
Outside of matters that go to the forra only and not to the substance there must be in
any book purporting to give facts about raany persons, errors of substance unless there be
revision upon revision and verification upon verification. Take, to Ulustrate, the case of
Ethan AUen— there are, considering time and place, four differing statements as to his
birth. Mr. Davenport gives the date as Jan. 10, 1737. Were I giving it I would follow
AUen's statement in his own hand-writing in a presentation copy to his second wife of his
Oracles of Reason, which is that he was born Jan. 21, 1739. The difference as to the day
of the month is because of the use in one case of old style and in the other of new style.
But style cannot explain the two years' difference ; and I am not sure Mr. Davenport's
statement is wrong or that raine would be right.

PART II.

BIOGRAPHIES OF VERMONTERS.
A. D. 1892-93.

ADAMS, Bailey P., of Randolph, son
of Luther and Lydia (Reed) Adaras, was born
in Brookfield, AprU 11, 1825.
He received his education in the comraon
schools of Brookfield and Williamstown and
at Newbury Academy.
His grandfather, Sarauel Adams, was a rela
tive and namesake of the famous Massachu
setts patriot and served seven years in the
Continental array. His maternal grandfather,
Jonathan Reed, was also a Revolutionary sol
dier and carried on his breast a scar from a
British bayonet.

BAILEY F. ADAMS.
Mr. Adams reraained on his father's farm
at Brookfield and WiUiamstown until 1851,
when he moved to the farm where he now
resides, devoting his attention to dairy pro
ducts and horse breeding, and owning a fine
herd of Jerseys.
Mr. Adams is a Republican in politics ;
was selectman for five consecutive years from

1862, and with his associates during that
period paid out of the town treasury over
^60,000 to the soldiers, together with the
money compensation offered by the govern
ment to selectmen for recruiting services.
Mr. Adams has been town auditor for seven
teen consecutive years ; Uster, fourteen years ;
has represented his town repeatedly at county
and state conventions ; was member for Ran
dolph in the Legislature of 1874; elected
assistant judge of Orange county court
i888-'90 ; has been one ofthe trustees of the
Normal School at Randolph since its estab
lishment and also the trustee of its endow
ment fund.
He was married May i, 1855, to Lucinda
S., daughter of Rev. Andes T. and Lydia
(Lincoln) Bullard. Of this union four chil
dren were born : Jairus B., Chnton A., Al
bert C. (deceased), and Julius L. (deceased).
ADAMS, Edward Payson, of Swan
ton, son of Lemuel and Sally (SmaUey) Adaras,
was born in Sheldon, March 16, 1843.
His early education was obtained at the
district school and a course of study at Barre
Academy. Till he arrived at the age of thirty-nine,
Mr. Adaras reraained upon the farra in Shel
don which had been in the possession of both
his father and grandfather. In 1881 he
changed his place of residence and removed
to Swanton, where he became a heavy dealer
in butter. For the last twenty-five years he
has been engaged in this occupation.
When the Swanton Suspender Co. was or
ganized in 1885, he was chosen its president,
discharging the duties of that ofifice with gen
eral acceptabihty. During his business ca
reer he has traveled extensively in the United
States. Mr. Adams espoused, Sept. 7, 1868, Helen
A., daughter of Noah and Abigail (Yale)
Best of Highgate. Four children are the
issue of this marriage : Mary A., Helen B.,
Lemuel P., and John.
WhUe residing in Sheldon, Mr. Adams
took a leading part in the afifairs of the
town, and was the incumbent of many local
offices.

ADAMS.

He was elected county commissioner four
successive terms and was appointed railroad
commissioner during the administration of
Governor Peck. Upon the incorporation of
Swanton Village in 1882 he was elected its
president, continuing in office two years.
He has been vice-president of the Swanton

he worked with his father on the farm and at
the trade of boot and shoe-making during
his minority, enjoying only such opportuni
ties for an education as were supplied by the
imperfect public school of that time and
place. Soon after attaining his raajority he mar
ried and settied in Fair Haven, where he
established and carried on for nearly twenty
years a large manufactory of ladies' shoes for
the wholesale trade. His goods had a wide
reputation, and were rauch sought for over a
large extent of the country.
He sold out in 1843 and reraoved to Ra
cine, Wis., but returning to Fair Haven, he
began, in the spring of 1845, in conjunction
with Alonson AUen and WiUiara C. Kittredge,
the building of a mill and the sawing of Rut
land marble, in Fair Haven. For a number
of years he had the principal charge and
manageraent of the business and continued
his connection with it raore or less actively
during the rest of his Ufe. He is properly
considered one of the pioneers of the great
marble industry of the state.
He was always public-spirited and enter
prising, leading in works of public improve-

EDWARD PAYSON ADAMS.

National Bank, and in 1890 was honored by
an election to the upper branch of the Legis
lature in which he served with great efficiency.
He united with the Congregational church
in 1864, and for sixteen years perforraed the
duties of Sunday-school superintendent. He
has long been a Free Mason and when Mis
sisquoi Lodge No. 38, I. O. O. F. was organ
ized he was unanimously elected its first
Noble Grand. In this organization he at
present holds the position of grand treas
urer of the Grand Lodge of Vermont.
Mr. Adams, frora his genial disposition
and unaffected manner, is very popular in his
section of the state, while his wide experience
of men and affairs renders him both an enter
taining companion and sage counselor.
ADAMS, JOSEPH, late of Fair Haven,
the youngest of the seven children of John
and Mary Ann (Morrison) Adams, was born
in Londonderry (now Derry), N. H., Feb. i,
1802. Of pure Scotch parentage, he re
tained in a marked degree the characteristics
of his nationality.
Having removed with his parents in the
autumn of i?c6 to East Whitehall, N. Y.,

'/®^

vv, ¦V H

\'^

JOSEPH ADAMS.
mentjancl pnilanthropy. He was a trial
justice of the peace for many years ; was
president of the Washingtonian Temperance
Society organized in Fair Haven in 1B41;
was chairraan of the Park Association in 1855-
'56, and contributed largely to the establish-

ADAMS.

ADAMS.

ment of the park. He was one of the building
committee of the original school and town
house. He assisted in raising the bounties
for soldiers during the war. He frequently
advocated the introduction of public water
works. He was the original mover in the
estabhshment of the First National Bank;
was one of the first and largest stockholders,
one of the first board of directors, and be
came its president in 1873, holding the ofiSce
¦until his death.
He represented the town in the Legisla
tures of i854-'55, and was an active member.
He was fearless and independent in poU
tics and reUgion. He early espoused the
cause of the slave, and was one of the first
subscribers and readers of the National Era,
an anti-slavery journal edited by John G.
Whittier at Washington in i846-'48, when
slaves were bought and sold at public auc
tion in the capital of the nation. Though
lacking early educational advantages, he was
not an uneducated man. With an active
mind, and a genius for philosophy and me
chanics, he made himself acquainted with
letters and knew what was in many of the
best books ; was well informed in history, in
constitutional and international law, in poli
tics, theology, mechanics and science. Of
his own thought he reached conclusions sus
tained by later scholarship and criticism.
He was a lover and judge of music and no
unapt performer on the violin.
Writing at the time of his death, Feb. 26,
1878, a friend said of him : "For more than
half a century he has been closely identified
with the business interests of Fair Haven
and has been one of its most respected citi
zens. In aU the relations of life he was re
garded as a strictly honest man. In business
he was remarkable for his energy and tenac
ity of purpose, working out success where
.most men would have given up in despair.
In rehgion he was Uberal, in pohtics a
Republican, and he was always a warra
friend of temperance in all things. Although
econoraical in his style of living, he was ever
a friend of the poor — generous and kind-
hearted. The people of Fair Haven wiU
long have occasion to cherish the memory
of Mr. Adams as a citizen thoroughly identi
fied with the interests of the town and vil
lage, warmly favoring aU practical public
improvements, advocating good schools and
aU moral reforms."
Mr. Adams was married Nov. 6, 1823, to
Stella MiUer, daughter of Capt. WiUiam Mil
ler of Hampton, N. Y., and sister of Rev.
WiUiam MiUer. Of this union were eight
children, only two of whom lived to mature
age • Andrew N. (see below), and Helen M.,
who married David B. Colton in 1852.

ADAMS, Andrew N., of Fair Haven,
son of Joseph and SteUa (MiUer) Adams, was
born in Fair Haven, Jan. 6, 1830.
His great-great-grandfather, James Adaras,
came frora Ulster, north of Ireland, to Amer
ica in 1 7 2 1 , and settied in Londonderry, N. H.
Mr. Adams prepared for coUege at the
Green Mountain Institute, South Woodstock,
in i847-'48; spent two years in the Mead
ville Theological School, Meadville, Pa. ; en
tered the divinity school department of Har
vard University, Cambridge, Mass., in 1852,
and graduating in 1855 was ordained to the
rainistry and settled as pastor of the First
Parish Church, Needhara, Mass. ; resigned
and reraoved to FrankUn, Mass., in the faU of
1857, serving as pastor of the newly organ-

ANDREW N. ADAMS.

ized First Universahst Church in that place
tiU the suramer of i860, when he resigned
and returned to Vermont.
Retiring from the rainistry he engaged in
mercantile" business in Fair Haven in the
spring of 1861, and has retained his connec
tion with the same, in association with others
since 1869, tiU the present tirae.
In corapany with his father Mr. Adams
engaged in manufacturing marble for the
wholesale trade in 1869, and, with sorae
changes, continues to hold connection with
the business at Belden Falls.
He has a large farra near the village to
which he gives personal supervision ; is a di
rector in the First National Bank of Fair Ha
ven ; has been justice of the peace ; treasurer

ALEXANDER.

of the town and village ; was instrumental in
estabUshing and organizing the graded school
of Fair Haven in 1874 ; has been raany years
a raeraber of the school board ; principal di
rector and manager in the organization and
conduct of the Fair Haven Pubhc Library ; a
contributing member and ofificer of the Rut
land County Historical Society from the be
ginning ; trustee of the State Normal School
at Castieton since 1869, and president of the
board since 1882 ; was chairman of the Rut
land County Board of Education during its
existence in i889-'90, arranging the contracts
for the purchase and sale of text books
through the county. Mr. Adams prepared
and published the history of the town of Fair
Haven in 1870, is the author of numerous
essays and addresses which have been pub
lished, and has now in course of preparation
an extensive genealogy of the Adams family.
He has been active in politics as Aboli
tionist, Free Soiler and RepubUcan, repre
senting Fair Haven in the Legislature of 1884,
and his county as senator in 1888.
Mr. Adams raarried in Orwell, Aug. i,
1855, Angle, daughter of Erastus and Marga-
ret( Hibbard) Phelps, of Orwell, and has four
daughters: AUce A. (Mrs. Horace B. ElUs
of Castleton), Ada M. (Mrs. John T. PoweU
of Fair Haven, died May 21, 1893), Annie E.
(Mrs. George B. Jermyn of Scranton, Pa.),
and Stella Miller.
ALBEE, John Mead, of Gallups Mills,
son of John G. and Sarah S. (Blake) Albee,
was born Jan. 14, 1854, in Derby.

He was educated in the public schools of
Holland and Island Pond, and engaged in
business as a lumber manufacturer at the
latter place and at Whitefield, N. H., until
1882, when he moved to Granby, and was
employed by the firm of Buck & Wilcox.
His business capacity soon brought him pro
motion, and for several years past he has
fiUed the position of foreraan of the exten
sive works of C. H. Stevens and the North
ern Lumber Co.
Mr. Albee is a meraber of the Independ
ent Order of Odd Fellows. Politically he
has been a worker in the ranks of the Re
pubhcan party. He has been selectman and
represented the town of Granby in the Leg
islature of 1888.
Mr. Albee was married Oct. 31, 1876, to
Alivia, daughter of John and Nancy Web
ster. Their children are : Austin G., Bertha
M., and Myra G.
ALEXANDER, JOHN F., of Saxtons
River, son of Willard H. and Eunice (Scott)
Alexander, was born Feb. 21, 1838, in Ches
terfield, N. H.

JOHN F. ALEXANDER.

JOHN MEAD ALBEE.

After passing the common schools of his
native town, he entered the high school at
Brattleboro. In 1853, as an apprentice, he entered the
employ of Gates & White, cabinet makers,
Brattleboro, and remained with the firm three
years. Removing to Bellows Falls in 1856
he served in the dry goods store of Gray &

ALLEN.

Perry. Finding the business congenial he
bought Mr. Perry's interest in it, conducted
successfully his department, and at the end of
two years sold his share in the store to engage
with S. Perry & Co. in the manufacture of
woolen goods at Oambridgeport, residing at
Saxtons River. In 1866 Mr. Alexander sold
his interest in the firm of S. Perry & Co.,
buying out that of Theophilus Hoit in the
Farnsworth & Hoit woolen mills at Saxtons
River. Mr. Farnsworth lately selling his in
terest, the firm is now known as Alexander,
Smith & Co.
PoliticaUy Mr. Alexander is a Republican,
and in 1886 he represented the town of Rock
ingham in the Legislature.
Mr. Alexander is a prominent and widely
known member in the order of F. & A. M.,
a member of King Solomon Lodge and
Abenaqui Royal Arch Chapter, BeUows Falls,
and of the council and encampment at
Windsor. Mr. Alexander was raarried Oct. 31, i860,
to Mary S., daughter of George and Hannah
(Chandler) Perry, of Saxtons River. Of this
union were four children : John F., Jr.,
Charlotte M.,(wife of Dr. H. G. Anderson,
of New York), Anna E., and George P.

ALLEN, Charles Edwin, of Burling
ton, son of Joseph Dana and Eliza R. (John-

CHARLES EDWIN ALLEN.

son) Allen, was born in BurUngton, Nov. 28,
1838.

He was educated in the Burlington pub
lic and high schools, and was graduated
from the University of Vermont, August,
1859. During the year 1861 he studied law
with Hon. Isaac F. Redfield at Windsor,
and in i862-'63 with Hon. Milo L. Bennett
in Burlington. He entered the Albany Law
School (Union CoUege) in September, 1863,
and was graduated in June, 1864. After
practicing his profession in the New York
courts for three years, Mr. Allen returned
to Burlington in the spring of 1867, and
there opened an ofifice, raaking a specialty
of patent law.
Mr. Allen was elected assistant secretary
of the Senate in i862-'63. He is a RepubU
can. In 1878 he was elected alderraan from
ward I for two years, and re-elected for a
like term in 1880. In 1882 he was elected
city assessor ; in 1883 school commissioner,
re-elected in 1884, and successively chosen
for terms of two years. During this period,
with the exception of one year, he has
served as clerk of the school board, and his
annual reports of the census and condition
of the city schools are highly esteemed for
their accuracy and completeness. In Sep
tember, 1886, he was elected city clerk, and
has been unanimously re-elected each year
since. In 1870 he was chosen secretary of
the Alurani Association of the University of
Vermont, and has held the ofifice since that
tirae. During the years i867-'68 Mr. Allen
was local editor of the Burlington Free
Press, and reported for New York papers.
Mr. Allen is a meraber of the Protestant
Episcopal church, of which he is now, and
has been for several years, a vestryman and
its Sunday-school superintendent, and a fre
quent delegate to its diocesan conventions.
He is a member of the Algonquin Club
of the Vermont Press Association, and has
published, in pamphlet form, statistics ofthe
town and city of Burlington frora 1763, in
cluding coraplete meteorological observa
tions since 1840, besides several historical
papers connected with his native town.
Mr. Allen was raarried Oct. 31, 1867, to
Ellen C, daughter of Elias and Cornelia
(HaU) Lyman. Of this union are three
children : Joseph Dana, Lyman, and Flor
ence L.
ALLEN, iRA R., of Fair Haven, son of
Ira C. and Mary E. (Richardson) AUen, was
born in Fair Haven, March 29, 1859.
Ira C. Allen was a man of abiUty and
was well known in the state, serving five
terras in the state Legislature.
Ira R. Allen obtained his early education
in the schools of Fair Haven and in 1877
studied at Colgate Academy. He graduated

AMSDEN.

-from Brown University in 1882. His busi
ness experience has been varied and exten
sive and he has traveled in the States and
upon the other side of the Atlantic. From
1882 to 1884 he resided in the city of New
Y'ork and was engaged in the produce com
mission business. In 1886 he became inter
ested in mining operations in Virginia, and
in 1887 returned to Fair Haven where he
has been interested in banking, slate indus
tries and railroads. His family has the prac
tical control of the Rutland & WhitehaU R. R.
and he is vice-president of the AUen National
Bank. Mr. Allen is the fortunate possessor
of one of the best private mineralogical cab
inets in the state. While in Virginia he was
enabled to obtain many fine specimens of
garnets, some of which were loaned by him
for the purpose of exhibition at the ^^¦orld's
Fair in Chicago.
Mr. Allen is a Republican and one of the
most public spirited men of his town. He
has served as selectman and was considered
as an available candidate to place in the field
for town representative in a community where
Democratic opinions had hitherto prevailed.
This position he easily won and served in
the Legislature at the session of 1892. An

IRA R. ALLEN.
ardent and enthusiastic member of the Ma
sonic fraternity, he has attained the 32d
degree and represented Mt. Sinai Temple at
Cincinnati in 1893. In reUgious \iews a
Baptist, and though not a member of the
church has always been a liberal supporter
of aU Christian enterprises.

AMSDEN, Charles, of Amsden, son
of America and Nancy (Child) Amsden, was
born in West Windsor, May 6, 1832.
His grandfather, Abel Amsden, was a pio
neer of the town of Reading, a soldier during
the Revolution, and a prominent man of his
time. His raother, Nancy Child, was born

CHARLES AMSDEN.

in ^Vestminster, Mass., July 20, 1790, and
Uved one and one-half years after the cele
bration of her centennial, retaining her men
tal vigor to the last.
Charles Amsden was educated at the com
mon schools and passed his early boyhood
on his father's farm. At the age of seven
teen, with a capital of .^100, he went to what
is now caUed Amsden and engaged in trade,
opening the foUowing year a Urae kiln, which
he StiU works, producing about 10,000 bar
rels annually, and carries on an extensive
business in general merchandise.
Mr. Amsden is a RepubUcan in poUtics.
He represented the town of Wethersfield in
the Legislatures of 1870 and 1890, and was
elected a senator for Windsor county m
1892. He has been town treasurer since
1876, and postmaster since 1875, except
when holding state ofifice. Beyond his own
town his business ability has been and is still
appreciated. During the years i886-'87 he
was a director of the Rutiand R. R. and he
is at the present tirae a director of the Na
tional Black Ri\er Bank of ProctorsviUe, and
of the Howe Scale Co.
January 20, 1850, Mr. Arasden married
Abbie E., daughter of Joseph and Mary Ann

ANDREWS.

ANDROSS.

(Carey) Craigue. Of this union is one
child : Mary Melvina (Mrs. Charles E. AVood-
ruff, of Woodstock.) His second marriage
was with Miss Mary L. Stockin.
ANDREWS, John Atwood, of John
son, son of Asa'and Jane (Hogg) Andrews, was
born at New Boston, N. H.
When John was three years of age, his
father, who was a farraer, hoping to better
his condition raoved to Johnson. The son
received such education as could be obtained
in the coramon schools of that period, and
afterward pursued his studies at the Lamoille
county grammar school.
At the age of twenty-one he purchased a
farm situated about half a mUe west of the
town, where he has ever since resided, and
here his father and mother found a home
untU their death. His estate of one hun
dred and fifty-four acres is one of the best
adapted for cultivation in the neighborhood,
and is pleasantly located on the Lamoille
river, commanding a broad view of raoun
tains, hills and stream.
He is a member of the Republican party.
In 1882 he was sent, to the Legislature,
where he served on the educational com
mittee, and he has just completed his fourth
year as assistant judge of Lamoille county
court. Judge x\ndrews was a raeraber of the
I. O. G. T.
He was united in marriage March 28,
1844, to Angeline, daughter of Daniel and
Lydia Scott (Eaton) Davinson of Craftsbury.
Four children have been born to thera : Sura-
ner A., Lydia (Mrs. Lyndley FuUington ,
Abner (died in infancy), and Wallace Gale
of Montpelier.
ANDREWS, Sumner A., of Vergennes,
son of J. Atwood and Angeline (Davinson)
Andrews, was born in Johnson, Dec. 28, 1844.
Mr. Andrews received his education at the
pubhc schools of his native town and at the
Lamoille county grammar school.
He remained with his father on the home
farm untU he enhsted in the army at the age
of seventeen. He was a member of Co.
E. 13th Vt. Vols, and was at the battie of
Gettysburg. After the war he worked six years in a store ;
and in 1875 went to the State Primary School,
Monson, Mass., as supervisor, remaining
there eight years. In 1883 he became a
member of the firra of Andrews Brothers,
dealers in general merchandise, in his native
town where he remained until 1889 when he
was appointed superintendent of the Ver
mont Reform School.
Mr. Andrews is a Repubhcan in pohtics,
and represented Johnson in the Legislature
of 1884, serving on the coramittee of educa

tion. In 1888 hewas elected assistant judge.
of Lamoille county court.
His church connection is with the Bap
tists, ancl for several years he ser\'ecl his
denomination as deacon in Johnson.

SUMNER A. ANDREWS.
Mr. Andrews was married Sept. 28, 1868,
to Mary A., daughter of Ozias and Charlotte
Story.
ANDROSS, Dudley Kimball, of
Bradford, son of Broadstreet Spafford and
Mary (KirabaU) Andross, was born in Brad
ford, Sept. 12, 1823. He comes of old
Vermont stock, one of his grandfathers. Dr.
Bildad Andross, having been an early settler
in the town of Bradford, and a member of
the first convention which met to organize
the Commonwealth of Vermont ; and another,
Capt. Broadstreet Spafford, having been the
first settler in Fairfax in 1783. His great-
uncle, Obadiah KirabaU, was killed in the
battle of Bennington.
In early hfe Mr. Andross worked as a lum
berman, then as a railroad builder, and as
such he helped to lay the first rail of the
Rutland & Burhngton R. R ; later he was a
successful gold-miner in CaUfornia. During
his whole life his love of sport has led him to
make hunting soraething raore than a pas-
tirae. When the civil war broke out he was in
business as a miUer and was lieutenant of the
Bradford company of miUtia. In its reor
ganization for service, upon the first call for

ARCHIBALD.

ARNOLD.

troops in April, 1861, Lieutenant Andross
was elected captain and served as such with
the ist Vt. Regt. throughout its terra. At
the battie of Big Bethel, when the three com
panies of the ist regiment attacked the
rebel earthworks. Captain Andross was the
first man upon the embankment. At the
close of the three months' service he returned
to the army as lieutenant-colonel of the 9th
Vt. Regt., his commission dating May 26,
1862. At Harper's Ferry he was taken pris
oner, the 9th regiment having been sur
rendered under General Miles. The prisoner
was speedily released and at once promoted
to the rank of colonel, which position he held
until iU health compeUed hira to tender his

DUDLEY K ANDROSS.
resignation June 23,- 1863. Since the war
Colonel Andross has led a quiet life, farming
and hunting.
Colonel Andross was married March 17,
1878, to Mrs. Marcella Wasson, daughter of
Rev. Horatio Harris. Their three children
are : Mary Kimball, Walter Carpenter, and
Alice Caroline.
Colonel Andross is believed to be (ex
cept Stephen Thomas, always known as Gen
eral) , the senior surviving colonel of Vermont
troops. ARCHIBALD, S. HENRY, of Walling
ford, son of the Rev. Dr. T. H. and Susan
(Tuck) Archibald, was born in Dubuque,
Iowa, Nov. 10, 1848.
He received his preparatory education at
the New Hampton Institution, Fairfax, and

later graduated frora Colgate University, in
the class of 1873.
Having completed his college course and
after further study he ministered to a con
gregation at West Pawlet, and during this
pastorate he was ordained to the rainistry of
the Baptist church. Being settled by the
church at Wallingford in 1876, he has since
that time reraained in that parish, and is at
present the senior clergyman of his denomi
nation in the state, with regard to the num
ber of years of service in one church.
His father was a clergyman of high repu
tation, and was formerly settled over parishes
in Addison, Bennington and Rutland coun
ties, but has now retired to private life,
making his residence at Middlebury. Mr.
Archibald occupies a prorainent position
in the Baptist church, and is weU known
and popular throughout the state, and has
for twelve years served as the secretary of
the board of managers of the state conven
tion of that denomination.
He was united in marriage at West Paw
let, Feb. 13. 1877, to Esther A., daughter of
Daniel D. and Mary E. (Townsend) Nel
son. Four children have blessed their
union : Nelson Henry, Eva E. (deceased),
Walter, and Mary Townsend.
In his political creed Mr. Archibald is a
loyal Republican, but his energies and time
have been mainly devoted to his profes
sional studies and duties, yet he has served
as superintendent of schools in Wallingford,
for seven different years, and is now chair
man ofthe board of directors.
ARNOLD, Fenelon, of Westminster,
son of Ambrose T. and Priscilla (Farnum)
Arnold, was born in Westminster, Jan. 25,
1817. He obtained his education in the public
schools of his native town, and began farm
ing at an early age, first with an uncle until
the latter's death in 1840, and then at the
age of seventeen, with a brother, he took a
farm, wiped out a debt contracted in the pur
chase and acquired an unincumbered home.
In 1855 he began the business of silver
and brass plating, continuing it until i860
under the firm name of Arnold & Cook.
Mr. Arnold's political preferences are Re
publican. He has served as selectman thir
teen years, several as chairman of the board.
With the exception of clerk and treasurer he
has fiUed every ofifice in the gift of the town,
serving in the Legislatures of 1880 and 1884,
and was a member of the committee on elec
tions, banks and banking. As custodian for
ten years of the CampbeU Trust Funds he
showed excellent ability, making safe and
profitable investments in the interest of the
people. Finding hiraself physically disquali
fied for service in the field during the war

ARNOLD.

ATKINS.

Mr. Arnold took an active part in raising
troops for the nation's defence.
He was married Nov. 4, 1840, to Amanda,
daughter of Luther and Mary Richards. Of
this union were two children : Charles F.,

East, fiUing the master's chair of White
River Lodge, No. 90.
He was wedded Oct. 17, 1882, to Martha
P., daughter of Amos and Nancy White of

,....,^m„^.,,Fm.^-, /.

FENELON ARNOLD.

FRED ARNOLD

and George R. Mrs. Arnold dying Dec. 24,
1867, he married, March 13, 1872, Emily A.,
daughter of Edmund A. and Isabella (Hos
mer) Marsh. Of this union is -one child :
Seth F.
ARNOLD, FRED, of Bethel, son of
Thomas and Jane M. (Wellington) Arnold,
was born in Randolph, Dec. 7, 1856.
After receiving his education in the com
raon schools and the Randolph State Normal
.School, he adopted the profession of the
law, and since 1880 has pursued that voca
tion in Bethel, combining his practice with
the occupation of an insurance agent. In
both of these pursuits he has raet with grati
fying success. His business abUity and un
doubted integrity have called him to many
positions of honor and usefulness in the
town, which he represented in the General
Assembly in 1892. In this body he was an
able and earnest advocate of the town sys
tem of schools, and was largely instrumental
in the establishment of that iraportant
measure throughout the state.
Mr. Arnold has knelt at the altars of Free
Masonry, having received the degrees of the
blue lodge at Bethel, the chapter in West
Randolph and commandery in Montpelier.
In the first named he has presided in the

Providence, R. I. Six children have been
the issue of the union : five boys and one
girl. ATKINS, Hiram, late of Montpelier, son
of John S. and Margaret (Smith) Atkins,
was born Dec. 22, 1831, in Esopus, N. Y.,
and died at Montpelier, Oct. i, 1S92.
\^'hen he was about three years of age his
father moved to Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where
for the next ten years Hirara lived the usual
life of a farmer's boy. At the age ot four
teen he entered the ofifice of the Poughkeep
sie Eagle as an apprentice, and at the age
of eighteen was eraployed on the Journal,
Kingston, N. Y., having charge ofthe paper
during the editor's absence. In 1853 he
carae to Vermont and started a small paper
called the Battle Ground, at North Ben
nington. He had one dollar in cash when
he arrived in Bellows FaUs a few weeks later
to take charge of a local paper, the Argus.
In February, 1863, Mr. Atkins went to
Montpelier, bought the Patriot, and estab
lished the Argus and Patriot, of which from
that time until his death he was publisher
and editor.
During his residence in Bellows Falls Mr.
Atkins was for a time deputy postmaster in
President Pierce's and postmaster in Presi-

ATWOOD.

dent Buchanan's administration, and during
President Cleveland's first term he was super
intendent of construction of the government
building at Montpelier. He was at his de
cease one of the four ^Vorld's Fair commis
sioners from Vermont, and also by an act of
the Legislature one of the Columbian com
missioners of Vermont. He attended every
Democratic national convention but one
after attaining his majority, and in 1888 was
the member from Vermont of the Demo
cratic national convention. From 1863 he
was a member of the Democratic state com
mittee, and its chairman since the early
seventies.

HIRAM ATKINS.
Mr. Atkins was a communicant in the
Protestant Episcopal Church ; for many years
a vestryman of Christ Church at Montpelier,
and often a delegate to the diocesan con
vention. In 1854 he married Maria Abeel, daughter
of John L. DeWitt, of Windham, N. Y. She
died Dec. 5, 1859, leaving three chUdren,
two of whora, Catherine Abeel, and Eliza
beth DeWitt, wife of Major Osman D. Clark
of Montpelier, survive their father ; the
third, Margaret Smith, died about six months
after her mother's decease. Mr. Atkins,
June 27, 1864, married Julia M., daughter
of Ezra F. Kimball, Bellows Falls.
Mr. Atkins was a man of strong individ
uality ; honest, rugged, and at times out-
warclly harsh and rough, made to contend
in stormy times for principle, but kind at

heart, and winning the respect and friend
ship of men who opposed hira, and whom
he opposed in raany things.
ATWOOD, Frank C, of Sahsbury,
son of Hirara and Phoebe (Frank) Atwood,
was born in Starksboro, Dec. 14, 1828.
He was educated at the common schools
and at the Bristol Academy. In 1851 he
settled on a farm in Salisbury, where he is
widely known as a cattle buyer and stock
man, having had a large experience in the
industries he represents.
Mr. Atwood is prominent in Masonic cir
cles and has been a member of Union Lodge
F. & A. M., Middlebury, for nearly forty
years. !•' His political affiUations are with the Re
pubUcan party. He represented the town
of Salisbury in the Legislature of 1882, serv
ing on agricultural and other committees.
Over the county and district conventions of
his party he has presided for many years past.
Mr. Atwood was married April 2, 1851, to
Sarah M., daughter of Solomon and Sarah
Thomas of Salisbury. They have two sons :
Henry S. (now deputy county treasurer of
LaBette County, Kan.), and Juhus W., who
has been rector of St. James Church at Prov
idence, R. I., since 1887.
AUSTIN, OrlO Henry, late of Bar
ton Landing, son of Asa and Nancy (Gregg)
Austin, was born in Eden, August 13, 1838,
and died at Barton Landing, Sept. 15, 1893.
Mr. Austin acquired his education first in
the public schools of Eden. On removing
to Craftsbury in 1848, he attended the Essex
Classical Institute. He was admitted to the
class of '63 in the University of Vermont and
was a teacher until the breaking out of the
civil war, when, in the spring of 1862, he en
Usted in Co. F, nth Regt. Vt. Vols., was
chosen 2cl lieutenant and successively pro
moted to ist lieutenant and captain of Co.
A., Sept. 2, 1864, while in active service
under Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley.
He was in every action engaging his regi
ment except the assault at Petersburg. Cap
tain Austin came of patriot stock, his father
having joined the Vermont Volunteers in
1 8 14, was in the battle of Plattsburg.
At the close of the war, Captain Austin
built a store in Barton Landing and becarae
a dealer in general merchandise. He entered
into partnership November, 1S69, withC. E.
Joslyn and together they built up a large trade.
J. C. Parker and I. D. R. CoUins joined the
"firm in the faU of 1873, adding to its business
an extensive lumber trade. Decline in prices, ^
losses by fire, increased through defective
insurance, caused a suspension of the firm m
the spring of 1877. Captain Austin suffered
a second tirae by fire, and then built the

BAILEY.
present large business block, which is an
ornament to the village, entered into part
nership with A. C. Parker, studied law and
was admitted to the bar in 1880. In Novem
ber of the following year he was appointed
judge of probate to fiU the vacancy caused by
the death of Hon. I. N. Cushman and held
that ofifice till his death.
In politics he was a Repubhcan and held
important town ofifices.

BAILEY. I I
He was an active member and supporter
of the Congregational church and served it
many years as Sunday-school superintend
ent. Captain Austin was married Oct. 15, 1868,
to Sophia M., daughter of Captain Timothy
J. and Melona (^Vilder) Joslyn of Browning-
ton. The children of this union are : Fred
O, (deceased), Clara M., Emma S., Helen A.,
Arthur O., and Grace F.

BAILEY, ALDEN Lee, of St. Johnsbury,
was born in Compton, P. Q., May 31, 1845,
the only chUd of Lewis and Nancy BaUey.
He was early bereft of both parents, his
father dying before he reached his fourth

ALDEN LEE BAILEY.

year, and his mother when he was only ten
years of age. Alone in the world, he was
"bound out" during the remaining years of
his rainority to his uncle, a farmer, whom he
faithfully served until he reached his major
ity. Greater opportunities, with less of hope
and resolution raight have disheartened
him. He had nothing to lose, but every
thing to win, and he was determined to suc
ceed. This spirit found him ready employ
ment, and also opened the way for hira to
enter into the business in which his success
has proved his fitness. From very small
beginnings he has built up the largest trade
in musical merchandise in Northern New

England. Two well equipped warerooms,
one in St. Johnsbury, the other in Burling
ton, with twenty traveling salesmen, attest
the fact. He has been a director in Citi
zens Bank from its organization, his business
tact and good judgment doing much toward
giving it its present good reputation.
These qualities have also done much
toward reraoving the debt and placing on a
good financial basis the Young Men's Chris
tian Association, of which for several years
he has been a director. ' In fearly life he
connected hiraself with the Methodist Epis
copal church, of which he has always been
a generous supporter, and to it he has given
his best service as one of its stewards, and
also for many years as its successful Sunday-
school superintendent. He is possessed in
an eminent degree of the quality rudely
termed "push," giving an enthusiasm to what
ever he undertakes, which insures success.
He is a sunny man with a cheerful word
for all, and ever ready to dispense sub
stantial aid as well as wise counsel when
ever and wherever needed.
BAILEY, HORACE Ward, of New
bury, son of WilUam and Abigail (Eaton)
Bailey, was born in Newbury, Jan. 16, 1852.
His father's family was of EngUsh descent,
coming to Newbury in 1780. His mother
carae of Scotch parentage and was the daugh
ter of the late Jesse Eaton of Wentworth,
N. H.
Educated in the common schools of his
town and at Newbury Seminary, Mr. Bailey
first entered the employment of John Lind-
sey at the Fabyan House in the White
Mountains, at Old Orchard Beach and in
Eastman. In 1882 he opened a grocery
store in Newbury Village, where he built up
a large and profitable business, but finally
sold out in 1890. Since retiring from the
mercantile profession he has been chiefly en
gaged in the settleraent of estates in North
ern Vermont and New Hampshire. In 1886
he was elected town clerk, which office he
still holds. He was superintendent of schools
in i885-'86-'87 ; for two years chairman of

BAILEY.

board of listers ; member of county board of
education in 1889, and chairman of board of
school directors in 1893 ; also several years
a trustee of the Bradford Savings Bank.
His political creed is Republican and in
reUgion he is a liberal. Mr. Bailey is a man
of strong literary tastes, possessing an excel-

»r

HORACE WARD BAILEY.
lent miscellaneous Ubrary, selected with great
care and which is not surpassed in his sec
tion of the state.
A raan of most benevolent impulses, he is
always a staunch supporter of aU good works
and charitable enterprises in his neighbor
hood. BAILEY, JOHN, of Wells River, born at
Newbury, Jan. 30, 1822, was the son of John
and Martha, granddaughter of Rev. Peter
Powers, the first settled rainister in New
bury. The latter lived with John until he
died in his eighty-ninth year.
Gen. Jacob Bailey, the great-grandfather
of the subject of this sketch, was an ofificer
in the old French and Indian war and was
captured at Fort WiUiam Henry, where his
courage and promptness of action alone saved
hira from destruction in the treacherous and
bloody massacre which followed the surren
der of this important post. He hved to be
come prominent among the Green Mountain
boys, who took such an active part in the
dispute concerning the New Hampshire
grants, and was a member of the Council
of Safety. Col. Joshua Bailey, son of Gen.
Jacob Bailey, was a daring scout in the Rev

olutionary war, while his son, John Bailey,
Sr., was a hardy pioneer and farmer.
Descended from such stock, John early
showed his lineage, and from earliest youth
lent a helping hand upon the farm, on which
he resided for nearly fifty years. Though
his educational advantages were Umited,
being restricted mostly to the district school,
he has borne a very prominent part in the
pubUc affairs of the town and state. Though
he has filled many important town ofifices,
he is perhaps best known as sheriff and dep
uty sheriff of Orange county, and is consid
ered as one of the best executive officers that
has ever served the county and the state.
Araong his best known exploits the pursmt
and capture of the notorious Barre bank rob
bers raay be regarded as singularly proving
his shrewdness, inteUigence and daring, show
ing that he fully inherited the courage of his
ancestors. Mr. Bailey was appointed post
master in 1889 and stiU holds that position.
He was representative in i869-'7o, '84, and
elected senator in 1886.
He married, Oct. 21, 1847, Isabel, daugh-: ,
ter of George and Margaret (Gardner) Nel
son. They have six children : Ellen M.(Mrs.
Newton N. Field), Albert H., Margaret J.
(Mrs. Eugene D. Carpenter), Lizzie (Mrs.
Oscar Warden of Mclndoes Falls), Nelson
H., and Clara (Mrs. Simeon Clark).
BAILEY, MYRON W., of St. Albans,
son of Richard and Sally (Barrows) Bailey,
was born at Waterville, Feb. 9, 1837.
Commencing his education at the common
schools, and at the Bakersfield Academy he
afterwards attended the People's Academy
at Morrisville, where he prepared for college,
but ill health obUged him to resign his hope
of a Uberal education. In the spring of 1857
he coramenced the study of law in the ofifice of
Hon. Homer E. Royce, and continued the
same under ^^'aldo Brigham until the summer
of 1858, when he entered the law department
of the University of Albany, where he
graduated in May, 1859, and was admitted
as an attorney and counselor at law in the
supreme court at Albany, N. Y., and at the
April term was admitted to the bar of Frank
lin county. He then commenced the prac
tice of his profession at Bridport and con
tinued until June, 1861.
When the war began he determined to
serve his country, and enlisted in Co. H,
3d Regt. Vt. Vols., and was mustered into
service July 16, 1861, and soon after went
to the front with his regiment, which was
stationed near the Chain Bridge. He was
present at the battle of Lewinsville, Va.,
Sept. II, 1861, but in the last of the month
while on picket duty he was severely wounded
in the lower part of the back, the result of

BAILEY,

13

which was a paralysis of the lower limbs,
and he was discharged Feb. 5, 1862.
He has held many town offices and has
been judge of probate for FrankUn county
and district from Dec. i, 1867, up to the
present time, and was railroad commissioner
from 1872 to 1878.

MYRON W. BAILEY.
He is a member of the Masonic order,
and is a past ofificer of Missisquoi Lodge,
No. 9.
Judge Bailey married Mary L., daughter
of Sherman \V. and Catharine Sears. Their
children are : Carrie M. (wife of E. W.
Thompson), and Katharine S. (wife of Eben
E. McLeod).
BAKER, Austin S., of Danby, son of
Stephen and Susanna (Matthewson) Baker,
was born in Mount Holly, March 16, 1824.
Receiving a thorough and practical educa
tion in the pubUc and private schools of
Danby, he entered the battle of life fully
equipped for an energetic struggle. Pos
sessing a strong and weU developed phys
ique and highly trained reasoning powers, he
adopted the profession of teaching for some
years. Settling on the homestead in Danby
he has devoted himself to farming for twenty-
eight years, giving much attention to dairy
ing and horse breeding.
As an ardent RepubUcan, Mr. Baker has
been honored by his fellow-townsmen with
an election to nearly every office in their
power to bestow. He has perforraed the

duties of selectraan, superintendent of schools
and justice of the peace, serving with equal
credit in each capacity. He has been assist
ant judge of Rutland county court for six
years and has already established an enviable
reputation in the ministration of this office.
During the war Judge Baker was greatly in
strumental in raising men.
He is a member of the Masonic frater
nity, taking an active share in the work of
Marble Lodge, No. 76, of Danby.
Judge Baker was united in wedlock Jan.
27, i."'48, to Betsy M., daughter of Rev.
Orange and Maria (Jones) Green. Two
children have been born to them : Helen M.
(Mrs. L. P. Howe of Mount Tabor), and
Charles S. Baker of Troy, N. Y.

AUSTIN S. BAKER.
BAKER, Joel Clarke, of Rutland, son
of Edia and Seleucia A. (Davenport) Baker,
was born in Danby, April 16, 1838.
Mr. Baker seems to have inherited a goodly
share of the sterling character and sturdy in
dependence of his Scotch progenitors.
Educated at the pubUc schools of Danby,
Wallingford, and at Poultney Academy, in
1858 he began the study of Latin and Greek
with PhiUp H. Emerson. In 1859 he com
menced the study of law in the office of
Spencer Green of Danby, then changed to the
ofifice of David E. Nicholson of WaUingford,
where he remained until 1862, when he was
admitted to the bar of Rutland county court.
In 1862 he enhsted as private in Co. B,
9th Regt., Vt. Vols., was mustered into the
service as sergeant, and before his discharge

14

BALCH.

BALDWIN.

was successively promoted to the grades of
ist sergeant, 2d,and ist lieutenant, and finally
captain. At the surrender of Harper's Ferry
he was sent as a paroled prisoner to Camp
Douglas at Chicago, where he remained until
his exchange, Jan. 9, 1863, afterwards serving
as guard over five or six thousand rebel pris
oners. He then returned to the front, par
ticipating in many batties and skirmishes,
and with the Array of the James, was present
at the engagements of Chapin's Farm, Fair
Oaks and the capture of Richmond. He
was among the first to enter the city, reach
ing the residence of Jeff Davis where the
Confederate flag was stiU flying, which he
puUed down and took away with his own
hands. While he was in North Carohna,
Congress organized provost courts in which
Captain Baker had a good deal of practice.
After his return from the army he pursued
his profession in WaUingford, but in 1868
removed to Rutland, where he stiU resides.
He has attained a very high reputation as a
lawyer, in both civil and criminal practice,
and has conducted several cases of notable
importance in Rutland and Bennington
counties as well as in the 4th district in
New York, and also before the United States
circuit and supreme courts.
Mr. Baker has important real estate in
terests in Rutland ; is director in the Clem
ent National Bank, Howe Scale Co., the P.
E. Chase Manufacturing Corporation, the
Rutiand Herald and Globe Association,
having been the editor of that paper from
1869 to 1873.
He has discharged the duties of superin
tendent of schools and grand juror in the
towns of Wallingford and Rutiand, and has
been register of probate and deputy county
clerk. He is a RepubUcan and was elected
state senator in 1886, serving on the com
mittees on the judiciary, railways, and the
insane. He was for two years county audi
tor, and is now city attorney.
Mr. Baker has also joined the ranks of
Masonry, affihating with Chipman Lodge,
No. 52, of which he has been junior and
senior warden, and is now a member of Cen
ter Lodge, No. 34. He also belongs to the
Rutland Royal Arcanum, and is interested
in the Y. M. C. A. of that city. He is a
companion of the M. O. of L. L., and a
comrade of the G. A. R. In his religious
preference he is an Episcopahan.
He married, Oct. 8, 1866, Ada O., daugh
ter of Luther P. and Mary A. (Rounds),
Howe of Mount Tabor. One daughter,
Mabel, is the issue of the marriage.
BALCH, William EVERARD, of Lun
enburg, son of Sherman and Eliza (Glines)
Balch, was born in Lunenburg, Feb. 3, 1854.

After pursuing the usual educational
course in the public schools and at St.

WILLIAM EVERARD BALCH.

Johnsbury Academy, he entered his father's
carriage shop to learn that trade, and
after a two years' sojourn in the West, in
1876, he returned to his native place and
again entered the employ of his father.
From his early boyhood, Mr. Balch had de
voted all of his spare time to the study of
natural history and the collection of speci
mens illustrating that science. On his re
turn to Vermont he learned taxidermy, and
employed his leisure in forraing a coUection
of the birds and mammals of the state, with
such success that in eight years he had gath
ered specimens of all the representative
birds and mammals of Vermont. This col
lection was sent to the World's Fair at New
Orleans as the state collection, and about
this time he was offered the position of state
taxidermist, which he stiU holds. The high
scientific standard of his work is amply at
tested by the specimens of his skiU exhibited
at the Fairbanks Museum at St. Johnsbury.
Mr. Balch represented the town in the
Legislature of 1892.
He wedded, Sept. 27, 1876, Ella, daughter
of Jordan and Lois A. Marr. They have
two children : Florence May, and Walter.
BALDWIN, Charles, of Dorset, son
of Thoraas and Polly (Lanfear) Baldwin, was
born in Dorset, Oct. 30, 1816.

'(njj €. fd cLJt^j.^,

i6

BALDWIN.

BALDWIN.

His education was obtained in the pubhc
and select schools of Dorset. In 1835 he
went to work for his brother and learned the
trade of a cooper and after four years of this
employraent he reraoved to Rutland, where
he entered the employ of Gersham Cheney.
He then returned to his brother, and finally
purchased the business in 1841, and tiU 1891
continued to follow his vocation in that
locality. Mr. Baldwin was married Feb. 4, 1848, to
Susan, daughter of Rev. WiUiam and Susanna
(Cram) Jackson of Dorset, who died in
November, 1878. His second wife was Mary
E. Willard of Castleton, whora he married
June 4, 1879. She died in July, 1889. He
raarried, Dec. 30, 1889, a third wife, Sarah,
daughter of Charles and Adah (EeUs) Bangs
of Lenox, Mass.
He has been a strong Republican since
the forraation of the party and has held most
of the town offices, serving as county com
missioner since 1862. Mr. Baldwin is a
stockholder in the Factory Point National
Bank and the BattenkiU Industrial Society
as weU as a large owner of real estate.
WiUiam J. Fuller, while living with Mr.
Baldwin, enUsted in Co. G, ist Vt. Cavalry
and died in AndersonviUe in August, 1864,
and in honor of his memory W. J. FuUer
Post, No. 52, G. A. R., in Dorset is named.
In his rehgious views Mr. Baldwin is a
Congregationalist and has always taken a
deep interest in the welfare of the Sunday-
school and aU other means for the advance
ment of rehgion in the church and society.
BALDWIN, A. T., of Wells River, son
of Erastus and Lucinda (Richardson) Bald
win, was born at Topsham, Aug. 31, 1841.
Erastus Baldwin, his father, located at
Wells River early in the present century,
settled upon a farm in that town and later
engaged extensively in the trade of a har
ness manufacturer, which vocation he pur
sued until the time of his death, which oc
curred July 16, 1889.
Mr. -A. T. Baldwin received his education
at the coraraon schools of the town and at
St. Johnsbury Acaderay and at the age of
twenty-four he forraed a partnership with his
brother, Mr. E. Baldwin. The firm engaged
in the wholesale boot and shoe business and
for twenty years did a larger business than
any other concern in the state. In 1879
Mr. A.T. Baldwin was a partner in the firm
of Henry, Jay & Baldwin, which operated at
Fabyan's, and continued for three years.
Then, in connection with Erastus, Jr., he
purchased a miU and timber lands at Groton
Pond, where the brothers conducted an ex
tensive and profitable lumber business till
shortly before the death of Mr. A. T. Bald
win. Soon after his brother's death Mr. E.

Baldwin entered into copartnership with
Mr. L. D. Hazen of St. Johnsbury, which
continued for three years.
Mr, A. T. Baldwin was one of the bright
est business raen ever reared in the village
of Wells River, and left one son, who died
three weeks after his father, making his

A. T. BALDWIN

uncle sole heir to the bulk of his property,
and the latter, desirous to keep the family
name in honorable remembrance, has erected
a structure for the village library association
as a memorial, which is styled the Baldwin
Library Building.
Mr. Erastus Baldwin takes a lively inter
est in agricultural pursuits and is perhaps
best known as the proprietor of the Baldwin
Valley Farm, which covers a large area and
is one of the leading stock farms in New
England. This he has now sold to his son,
H. T. Baldwin.
Mr. Erastus Baldwin is president of the
Wells River Savings Bank which position
itself confirms his character for unstained
integrity and business sagacity.
He acts with the Republican party, but,
though interested and well informed in
national and state afifairs, he has chosen to
reraain a private citizen in spite of many
urgent calls to accept important and re
sponsible positions of trust.
He was united in marriage Jan. 6, 1863,
to Ellen, daughter of WUliam B. and Mary
A. (Chamberlain) Abbott. One son has
been born to them : Hammon T.

BALDWIN.

BALL.

17

BALDWIN, FREDERICK W., of Barton,
was born at Lowell, Sept. 29, 1848, the son
of Asa and RosaUnda (Shedd) Baldwin. He
is of English descent, this branch of the Bald
win family being derived from John Baldwin
who appears in BiUerica, Mass., as early as
1655 and who came frora Hertfordshire, Eng
land, about 1640.
Frederick was brought up on his father's
farra and enjoyed only such advantages for
education as the average Vermont farmer
gives his children. He attended the district
school in his native town until he was seven
teen years of age and afterward the Westfield
grammar school, the normal school at John
son and the Vermont Conference Seminary
at Montpelier.

FREDERICK W. BALDWIN.
At the age of twenty-two he entered the
law ofifice of Powers & Gleed at MorrisviUe
and was admitted to the bar of Lamoille
county at the December term, 1872, and
soon afterward forraed a copartnership with
Gen. William W. Grout which continued tiU
1875. Since then Mr. Baldwin has been in
the successful practice of his profession in
Barton. In politics he has always been an ardent
RepubUcan. In 1872 he was elected assist
ant secretary of the state Senate and secre
tary of the same in i874,-'76,-'78 and state's
attorney of Orleans county in 1 880. He has
been successively elected the Orleans county
member of the Republican state committee
since 1884. His abiUty as a member of that
committee has been fully demonstrated by

his having been elected the secretary and
treasurer of the committee in 1886 and in
1888 its chairman, which position he still
holds. This year, as a recognition of his
zealous work for the party he was elected a
presidential elector at large for Vermont, and
was the messenger to carry the vote of Ver
raont to Washington. Mr. Baldwin has
always been deeply interested in biography
and history, especially that of Vermont, and
his library of Vermont books is one of the
choicest in the state. In 1886 he published
the " Biography of the Bar " of Orleans
county, containing a sketch of every lawyer
admitted or who had practiced in that county
since its organization. Mr. Baldwin has
given liberally of his time and raoney for the
development of business in Barton ViUage, at
present being a stockholder and secretary of
two corporations for that purpose, the Bar
ton Manufacturing Co. and Barton Hotel Co.
Mr. Baldwin belongs to the Congrega
tional church and has labored earnestly in
its behalf.
He married Miss Susan M. Grout, Sept.
24, 1873, by whora he had one child, Edward
Grout Baldwin. Mrs. Baldwin died in 1876.
Mr. Baldwin was united in a second raarriage
Oct. 28, 1878, to Miss Susan M. Hibbard of
Brooklyn, N. Y.
BALL, FRANKLIN P., of Rockingham, son
of Abraham and Hannah (Edwards) Ball, was
born in Athens, May 2, 1828.
His education was derived from the cus
tomary course at the common schools of the
tiraes. His early life being spent at the horae of
his parents, he reraoved at the age of twenty-
three to Springfield where he resided and
was engaged in manufacturing for thirty
years, during this time occupying many
responsible positions and representing that
town in the General Asserably of i867-'68.
In 1883 Mr. Ball removed his manufacturing
business to Bellows Falls in the town of
Rockingham, and since that time he has
successfully conducted his business frora this
point. Politically Mr. Ball has always affiliated
with the Republican party and at its hands
he has been honored with positions of trust,
representing the town in the Legislature of
i888-'90, serving on the committee on rail
roads, and also as a senator frora Windham
county in 1892.
Mr. Ball offered his services to his country
when the call was made, but owing to his
constitution was not accepted.
Mr. Ball first married Margaret Wilson in
May, 1852. She died in January, 1855, with
out issue. He contracted a second alliance
with Elizabeth, daughter of Asa and Margaret
Meacham, in July, 1857. This union has been

BALLARD.

BALLARD.

blessed with four chUdren : Margaret E.,
George F., Everett M., and Winifred E.
Mr. Ball's religious preference is that of
the Methodist Episcopal faith, and he has

FRANKLIN P. BALL.

been closely connected with the societies of
both Springfield and Bellows Falls, always
contributing liberally to their support.
BALLARD, HENRY, son of Jeff'rey B.
and Amelia (Thompson) BaUard, was born
in Tinmouth, AprU 20, 1839.
',, His early education was obtained in Tin
mouth and at Castleton Seminary, and im
mediately after his preparatory studies he
entered the University of Vermont, from
which he graduated with high honors in the
class of 1 86 1, having been selected to de
liver the master's oration at the coUege cora
raencement three years later.
In September, 1862, he became a student
in the Albany (N. Y.) Law School and he
graduated from that institution in May, 1863,
and at the time of his graduation the Hon.
Amos Dean, the founder and dean of the
school, said of him that he was one of the
best students that ever was graduated from
that institution. He at that tirae gave prora
ise of what he has since been noted for— a
popular and successful advocate.
After his graduation, in 1863, he at once
entered the ofifice of Daniel Roberts, Esq.,
of Burlington, and there remained until he
was admitted to the bar in September, 1863,
when he opened an ofifice in that city, where
he has resided ever since. In 1864 he was

admitted to practice in the United States
district and circuit courts.
Mr. Ballard has obtained a well-earned
distinction in the practice of his profession,
and while he has the reputation of being one
of the best criminal lawyers in the state, he
has also been equally successful in the trial
of civU cases. He is emphatically a trial
lawyer and as a jury advocate he stands
among the best. His practice has not been
confined to his own locality but has extended
into many counties in the state. Among the
notable cases in which he has been engaged
are the celebrated ciim. con. case of Shackett
against Hammond in Addison county; the
National Bank of Brandon against John A.
Conant et als, a suit to recover 1125,000 lost
by reason of alleged forgeries ; the Rutland
Railroad Co. against ex-Governor John B.
Page, noted as the longest jury trial ever had
in New England, lasting nine weeks ; the
cases that arose out of the Hartford bridge
accident against the Central Vermont Rail
road Co. ; the slander case of Lizzie J. Cur
rier against J. B. Richardson in Windsor
county ; State against Edwin C. Hayden for
the murder of his wife at Derby Line ; and
State against Smith for the murder of his
wife by poison at Vergennes. He is an

HENRY BALLARD.

effective speaker on political subjects, and
since 1868 his services on the stump have
always been in demand during political cam
paigns, not only in Vermont, but in New
York, New Hampshire and Massachusetts.
He has sometimes made as raany as one

BALLOU.

BARNEY.

19

hundred speeches in a single campaign.
He is a ready speaker upon all occasions
and he has frequently appeared upon the
lecture platform.
Soon after the commencement of the civil
war in the summer of 1861, and immediately
after his graduation from college, Mr. Bal
lard enlisted as a private and was mustered
into service as 2d lieutenant of Co. I, 5th
Vt. Vols., and served with this regiraent
through the Peninsula campaign, being pres
ent at the battles of Lee's Mills, Williams
burg and the seven days' fight before Rich
mond, but he was obliged to resign in July,
1862, on account of iU health.
Mr. Ballard belongs to the Republican
party, and was elected to the state Senate
from Chittenden county in i878-'79, serv
ing on the committees of judiciary, state
prison, and federal relations. In i888-'89,
he represented the city of Burlington in the
lower branch of the Legislature and did
effective service on the judiciary and general
committees, of which last body he was the
chairman. He has been city attorney of
Burlington for two years. In 1884 he was a
delegate to the Republican national conven
tion at Chicago, where he was chairman of
the important committee on credentials.
There were forty-five cases of contested del
egates' seats before the committee and much
credit was given to him for the manner in
which he acquitted hiraself in that responsi
ble and difficult position. He was one of
the reading clerks at the Republican national
¦convention in 1888.
He is a member of the Stannard Post, G.
A. R., and was a delegate from that body to
the national encampment in San Francisco,
in 1886, and has been judge advocate for
that order in Vermont. For many years he
has been a member of the Webster Histori
cal Society of Boston, and of the Home
Market Club of Boston, also of the American
Institute of Civics, New York City. He was
a charter raeraber of the Vermont Command
ery of the Loyal Legion. He is a member
of the Algonquin Club, Burlington, and of
the Lake Champlain Yacht Club, and of
the Vermont Fish and Game League.
In religious belief he is an Episcopalian,
and he takes an active interest in the Young
Men's Christian Association.
He was united in marriage, Dec. 15, 1863,
to Annie J., daughter of Robert and Huldah
(Bailey) Scott of Burlington, and he has
four children : Kate (Mrs. James B. Hen
derson of Burlington), Frank Scott, Mary E.,
and Maude.
BALLOU, HOSEA BERTHIER, of Whit
ingham, son of Hosea Faxon and Mary
(Ballou) BaUou, was born Jan. 8, 1826, m
Monroe, Mass. His father was a Univer

salist rainister, and he is a grandson of the
Rev. Hosea BaUou, father and founder of
UniversaUsm in America.
Mr. Ballou's education was obtained in
the district schools and at the old Whiting
ham Academy. Early in life he served an
apprenticeship and becarae a carpenter and
joiner, which occupation has eraployed hira
raore or less during his life.
Mr. Ballou has held every town ofifice of
importance, has been town clerk continuously
since 1857, and was assistant clerk for fourteen
years previous to that time ; this is a record
of service unsurpassed by any in the state.
He was deputy sheriff for some fifteen years,
and has been a justice of the peace for a long
period. In 1876 he was made an assistant
judge of the county court, and held that
office six years.
In his political views Judge Ballou is a
Republican. In the time of the war he was
enrolUng ofificer for his district, and was
active in filling the required quotas, and
urging men to enlist. He has never belonged
to any secret societies, and is a Universahst
in his reUgious preferences.
Perhaps no man in his vicinity has oftener
been called upon as an arbitrator ; and for
forty-five years he has been conspicuously
engaged in probate matters.
Judge Ballou was raarried June 22, 1856,
to Adelia A., daughter of Samuel and Mercy
(Bowen) Murdock. Of this union there is
one daughter : Flora A. (Mrs. F. D. Stafford
of North Adams, Mass.)
BARNEY, Herbert R., of Chester, son
of AUen and Mary L. (WiUet) Barney, was
born in Shrewsbury, August 27, 1856.
He received his early education in the
public and private schools of Shrewsbury.
Leaving home at the age of fifteen he went
to Plattsburg, N. Y., remaining there one
year as clerk and telegraph operator. Re
turning to Shrewsbury at the age of nine
teen, he assumed the responsible position of
train dispatcher, the duties of which he dis
charged for two years. In 1877 he settled
at Chester, and has acted in the capacity of
station agent there tUl the present time.
He was elected as a Republican to the
Legislature of 1888, and was an efificient
member of the coramittee on corporations.
He has been a prominent member of the
Masonic order, holding several eminent po
sitions, as well as Past Grand of Chelsea
Lodge, No. 39, of L O. O. F.
He married, June 7,1880, Emma F., daugh
ter of Alden and Mary (Stuart) Howe of Lud
low. They have one chUd : Florence M.
BARRETT, BYRON SiMEON, of Bur
lington, son of Solomon and Apphia (Mil-

BARRETT.

BARSTOW.

ler) Barrett, was born in Madrid, N. Y., Dec.
II, 1831.
His father, Solomon Barrett, was well
known as the author of a series of gram-
raars of the English, Latin, Greek, Gerraan
and French languages, and the subject of
this sketch was also the author of a work on
English graramar, having been educated at
the Utica (N. Y.) Acaderay and the Roches
ter CoUegiate Institute.
He married, June 6, 1855, Ellen P., daugh
ter of Jacob and Rispah (Burlingame) Jones
of Madrid, N. Y. Four chUdren have been
born to thera, aU now living : WUliara Wal
lace, Nellie (Mrs. E C. Browne), John Fran
cis, and Franklin Clark.

BYRON SIMEON BARRETT.
Frora i860 to 1869 Mr. Barrett was asso
ciated in business with the firra of John F.
Henry & Co., druggists, and had the raan
ageraent of the Montreal branch of their
business. He then removed to New York
where he was associated with Mr. Henry in
the New York house. He then engaged in
printing and literary work and contributed
for several years to Puck and other metro
politan journals.
He visited Europe and spent two years
in traveling through the states and territo
ries west of the Missouri ,and from the mate
rial gathered during the course of his trav
els there he has prepared a lecture entitled
"Out West," which he is now delivering.
In 1889 he located at Burlington and es
tablished the newspaper The Earth, and in

1893 his firm, Barrett & Johnsons, bought
the Verraont Farraers' Advocate and since
then he has had editorial charge of both
papers. Mr. Barrett has never been an office-
seeker, but did sorae campaign work for
Abraham Lincoln in 1859, and during his
residence of nearly twenty years in Brook
lyn, N. Y., he was active in Republican pol
itics and was for several years connected
with the Sons of Temperance and Good
Templars, and was at one time an ofificer in
the Grand Lodge of the S. of T. in the
Province of Quebec. He is also an ama
teur musician of some note, having com
posed over sixty vocal and instrumental
pieces that have been published by Ditson
and other pubhshers.
Mr. Barrett is not a native Vermonter, but
has cast his lines with us and takes a deep
interest in the welfare of the people of this
state, whose interests he conserves in both his
papers with all the ability he can command.
BARSTOW, JOHN L., of Shelburne,
son of Heman and Lorain (Lyon) Barstow,
was born in Shelburne, Feb. 21, 1832. His'
parents were of English descent, and several
of his ancestors served in the colonial and
Revolutionary wars.
He received his education in the schools
of his native town, and began to teach in the
district school at the age of fifteen. He
went West at an early age and was engaged
in active business in Detroit, but in 1857
returned to Shelburne and began farming,
assuming the charge of his aged parents. In
the faU of 1861, while serving as assistant
clerk in the House of Representatives at
MontpeUer, he was appointed on the non
commissioned staff of the 8th Regt. Vt. Vols.,
and was afterwards successively promoted
to the rank of adjutant, captain, and major,
and was honorably discharged at the expira
tion of his term of service June 22, 1864.
He entered the service with robust health
and vigorous constitution, but nearly three
years of arduous service in the swamps and 1
miasraatic climate of Louisiana shattered
both, and for many years malarial diseases
deterred him frora entering upon any active
business pursuit. When he was made major,
the rank and file of his old company pre
sented hira with a beautiful sword, and when
he left the regiraent, the raen who were mus
tered out with hira presented him with
another still more elegant. These two
memorial gifts are justly preserved with great
pride as evincing the regard of the enUsted
raen after they had served with him in the
field. The historian of his regiment says : "When,
after the bloody fight of June 14, 1863, in

BARSTOW.

BARRON,

front of Port Hudson, General Banks caUed
for volunteers to head a storming column
for a final attack. Captain Barstow was one
of the brave raen who stepped forward to
form the forlorn hope." He was acting
adjutant general under Generals Thomas
and Weitzel ; participated in aU the engage
ments in which his regiment took part ; was
compUmented for eminent service in the
field, for gallantry in the assault on Port
Hudson, and honorably raentioned for his
personal services. He had hardly reached
horae after leaving the array before he was
caUed into state service by the offer of a
responsible position in the recruiting service
by Adjutant General Washburn, which office
he was obliged to decline on account of
shattered health. In September, 1864, he
was elected a member of the Legislature,
and it was during this session that the St.
Albans raid occurred. At the request of
General Washburn, Major Barstow immedi
ately repaired to the scene of action and was
sent into Canada on a special mission, sub
sequently was made commander of one of
the brigades of militia raised by the state in
consequence of that daring raid. He was
placed in command of the forces on the
northwestern frontier of the state, and re
mained on duty until reUeved by General
Stannard in January, 1865. In September
of that sarae year he was again elected to the
Legislature by the unaniraous vote of his
town, and in the years 1866 and 1867 he
was elected senator frora Chittenden county.
In 1870 he was appointed by President
Grant to the ofifice of U. S. pension agent at
Burlington which he held for nearly eight
years. He at once set about reforras that
were of great benefit to the needy pensioner,
and so discharged the duties of the ofifice as
to call frora Hon. Carl Schurz, then secre
tary of the interior, an autograph letter of
thanks. In 1879 Governor Proctor appointed
him state commissioner for the centennial
celebration of the surrender of CornwaUis at
Yorktown, and he rendered effective service
in securing government aid for the under
taking, and for the monument, and in the
arrangements for the celebration.
In 1880 he was elected Lieutenant-Gov
ernor for the biennial term, and in 1882 was
elected Governor, the nominations to each
ofifice having been made by the unanimous
vote of the respective conventions. He was
the first Governor of Vermont to caU the
attention of the la-yv-making power to the
aUeged discriminating and excessive rates
of freight by transportation companies, and
urged the creation of an effective railroad
commission. Colonel Carpenter, in his history of the
Sth regiment, says : "The Ely riots occurred
during Governor Barstow's term of ofifice.

and his course in requiring that justice
should precede force, and that the riotous
miners be paid their honest dues, attracted
much fa:vorable comment throughout the
country." The resolution of the Legislature of 1884,.
requesting the Vermont delegation in Con
gress to use their best efforts to secure the
passage of the interstate coraraerce law, was
passed in pursuance of Governor Barstow's
recommendation. At the close of his ad
ministration the Rutland Herald gave utter
ance to the general opinion of his constit
uents when it declared that "he had been as
careful, independent, able and efificient a
ruler as Vermont had enjoyed for twenty
years." The above sketch might be largely ex
tended, as he has held many other appoint
ments of trust and honor, such as president
of the Ofihcers' Reunion Society ; trustee of
the University of Vermont and State Agri
cultural College ; trustee of the Burlington
Savings Bank ; commissioner to fix and pur
chase a site for the Bennington battle monu
raent, etc., etc. In 1891 he was appointed
by President Harrison to serve on a com
raission with Gen. A. McD. McCook, U. S.
A., to treat with the Navajoe Indians, and
the work was brought to a successful and sat
isfactory conclusion. He was also disbursing
ofificer of the coraraission, and to the aston
ishment of the treasury ofificers, returned '
nearly one-half of the appropriation for
expenses. In 1893 at the request of Gov
ernor Fuller he has acted with the executive
coraraittee of the national anti-trust society.
In regard to these elective ofifices it can be
stated, as was said by Ashael Peck when he
was elected Governor, "Neither soUcitation
nor hint of ambition for this dignity ever
emanated frora him." Governor Barstow
never directly nor indirectly solicited the vote
or influence of any man for any elective office.
He is, in religious preference, an Episco
palian, and has been a Mason since 1853 ; he
is also a member of the Grand Army and
Loyal Legion.
He was married Oct. 28, 1858, to Laura
Maeck, granddaughter of Dr. Frederick
Maeck, the first physician settled in Shel
burne. Mrs. Barstow died March 11, 1885,
leaving two sons : Frederick M., born March
3, i860, who was graduated from the Uni
versity of Vermont in 1880, and is now a
civil engineer ; and Charles L., born May 23,
1867, who was graduated from Union Col
lege in 1889, and is now in New York City.
BARRON, Lyman P., of Washington,
was born in Washington, Nov. 27, 1820.
His grandfather, Isaac Barron of Brook
field, Mass., held the coraraission of heuten-
ant in the Revolutionary array signed by Joha

BATES.

BAXTER.

23

Hancock, president of the Continental Con
gress, was captured by the British and held
a prisoner in an E nglish raan-o'-war for
several years. His family supposed him
dead. Recaptured after a daring attempt
to escape, during which he suffered incredi
ble peril and hardship, he was at length
exchanged, and, with a bullet in his thigh, the
unfortunate result of his effort to free hiraself
from prison, he was restored to his family
and was soon afterward drowned in the Con
necticut river. His son Eleziah, when a boy
of ten, in the company of Thaddeus White,
went from Hanover to Washington, then a
wilderness, over a route marked by blazed
trees a distance of forty miles, whence the
boy returned alone. Soon the family re
moved to Washington. In due tirae Eleziah
raarried and the subject of this sketch was
the youngest of ten children. His mother's
maiden name was Albea Dickenson.
Mr. Lyman Barron has lived upon his
farm for fifty-two years, an active and influ
ential man in business and public affairs,
represented Washington for six years in the
Legislature, has served as sheriff or deputy
sheriff a nearly continuous term since 1850,
a position for which he is well adapted from
his shrewd perception and fearless action.
He married, March 22, 1852, EmUy A.,
daughter of Henry and Betsey (Little) God
frey. They have one daughter : Ada Louise
(Barron) DwineU of Taunton, Mass.
BATES, Edward L., of Bennington, son
of WUliam and Melissa (Scribner) Bates, was
born in Bennington, June 24, 1869.
He received his education in the graded
schools of Bennington, supplemented by a
course of instruction at the KirabaU Union
Acaderay, Meriden, N. H. Choosing the
, legal profession as a business of life, in 1875
he entered the office of Gardner & Harman,
of Bennington, where he reraained untU
1882, when he formed a partnership with
James K. Batchelder, Esq., which continues
to the present time.
Mr. Bates was admitted to practice at the
bar of the Bennington county court June
12, 1882, and more recently to that of the
United States district and circuit courts.
He has also been appointed United States
commissioner for Vermont.
Though a general practitioner he gives
especial attention to criminal and office
practice. Outside of his profession he deals
largely in real estate in Bennington, Peters
burg and Cambridge, N. Y.
He is a firm adherent of the Repubhcan
party, and through their votes has been ap
pointed to raany positions of trust and honor.
For several years he discharged the duties
of auditor and village clerk in Bennington,
was state's attorney, and was commissioned

by Governors Page and Fuller as special
prosecutor of crirainal offences. He has
acted as corporation counsel for the village
of Bennington, and was secretary of the
citizens' coraraittee of fifty at the dedication
of the Bennington battle monuraent. In
1892 he was raade a raeraber of the staff of
Governor Fuller, with the rank of colonel.
He is very active in town and political affairs
and is an eloquent and powerful orator in
political carapaigns.
Colonel Bates was united in wedlock in
May, 1882, to Jennie M., daughter of Buel
and Mary (Earaes) Rockwood, who died in
1884. He contracted a second alliance May
17, 1887, with Estella, daughter of Perry W.
and Lucy (Green) Elbred, of Hoosick, N. Y.
Of this latter marriage there are issue Beulah
Bell and William Leroy Bates.
Colonel Bates is a meraber of the Baptist
church and of the Masonic order, having
held several ofifices in the local lodge as weU
as that of Grand Orator of the Lodge of Per
fection. He belongs to the Bennington
CouncU and the Oriental Temple of Nobles
of the Mystic Shrine, and he has also affili
ated with Tucker Lodge, I. O. O. F.
BAXTER, Edward K., of Sharon, was
born in Barton, Feb. 3, 1840, the youngest

EDWARD K. BAXTER.
in a family of seven chUdren of Harry and
Deborah (Steele) Baxter.
After the death of his father he removed
to Sharon and hved with an uncle, and this
town has since been his home.

24

BEAN.

BECKETT.

His education was received at the com
mon schools and KirabaU Union Academy,
Meriden, N. H. He studied medicine with
Drs. Dixi and A. B. Crosby of Hanover, N.
H., attended three courses of lectures at
Dartmouth Medical CoUege, and one course
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons,
New York, and graduated at Dartraouth Med
ical CoUege in 1864. Has been assistant
physician at the Hartford, Conn., Insane
Retreat, and at Sanford Hall, a private asylura
at Flushing, L. I., and is a raeraber of the
State Medical Society and of the Araerican
Medical Association.
Dr. Baxter is a RepubUcan, and has always
been active and prominent in the pohtics of
the town, having for several years served as
chairman of the town committee, superin
tendent of schools and represented the town
in the General Asserably of 1886.
Not being dependent on the practice of
his profession he has had time and oppor
tunity to indulge a natural fondness for agri
cultural pursuits and the study of the natural
scierices, especially botany, mineralogy, orni
thology and microscopy.
He was one of the principal organizers and
promoters of the Sharon Co-operative Cream
ery Association, and has served as its presi
dent and treasurer.
Owing to impaired health and the pressure
of business cares. Dr. Baxter has recently
withdrawn from the practice of his profes
sion, and wiU henceforth devote himself to
the care of his own business and the execu
tion of certain large and important trusts
now devolving upon him.
Religiously Dr. Baxter is a Congregation
alist, and for many years has been clerk and
treasurer of the church and society in
Sharon, and its most liberal friend and sup
porter. Humane, phUanthropic and educa
tional work have claimed his interest and
support to a considerable degree, as a recent
gift of five thousand dollars to Kimball Union
Academy in her hour of need can testify. .
Dr. Baxter was raarried, Sept. 5, 1880, to
Sarah S., daughter of Col. Gardner and Susan
(Steele; Burbank.
BEAN, Cromwell Phelps, of West
Glover, was born in the town of Glover,
AprU 4, 1846, was the son of Amos Phelps
and Phila E. (SartweU) Bean.
Since his education at the public schools
and Orleans Liberal Institute he has devoted
himself to the cultivation of the old horae-
stead. He has also extensively dealt in farra
products and is an extensive breeder of
Morgan and George Wilkes horses.
A strong Deraocrat in politics he has held
about every town office that could be con
ferred upon him, and in 1882, by the help
of the Republicans, was elected to the Leg

islature, being the first Democrat who had
been sent there since his father in 1859.
He is a member of Orleans Lodge, F. &
A. M., and his religious preferences are those
of UniversaUsm.

CROMWELL PHELPS BEAN.
He married, Dec. 22, 1867, Alpa M.,
daughter of Ira and Lavina (Camp) Emery
of Burke, by whora he has had two chil
dren : Carl W., and Ida L.
BECKETT, George, of WUUamstojii'nsJ^'i
son of William S. and Polly (Pool) Beckett,
was born in WiUiamstown, May 14, 1833. _
The father was a prorainent and highly re
spected citizen of that town, fiUing several
ofifices of trust and usefulness : thirty years
justice of the peace, town clerk thirty-five
years, and captain of the local miUtia com
pany, besides being four tiraes representative
frora the town. The son received a common
school education only, which he has supple-
raented by extensive reading and intelligent
self-culture. He has been successful in bus
iness, amassing a modest competence, a part
of which he has invested in real estate in his
native town. He has been influential in found
ing several stock companies, especially the
Williamstown Granite Co., giving a great im
petus to the business of that place. As
librarian he has been an untiring worker for
the ^^TUiamstown Social Library, which was
started in 1801 with only thirty-five volumes.
Mr. Beckett is a Democrat, is town clerk
and treasurer, having held these positions for

BEDELL.
more than ten years. He was an incorpora
tor of the Barre Savings Bank & Trust Co.,
and now holds the position of treasurer, and
is a deacon in the Congregational church.
He married, June 21, 1855, Belle R., daugh
ter of Calvin and Dolly (Delano) Flint. They
have one son, Charles Henry, who graduated
with distinguished honors at Dartmouth and
afterwards at Columbia Law School. He is
the author of "Who Is John Noman?" and is '
now a meraber of the eminent law firm of
Booraem, Hamilton, Beckett & Ransom, of
New York City.
BEDELL, Henry Edson, of Newport,
son of James G. and Amanda (Smith)
Bedell, was born in Troy, July 26, 1836.
He was educated in the district schools of
Westfield and before the war was a farraer,
while his present occupation is that of an

BENEDICT.

25

HENRY EDSON BEDELL.
auctioneer. In August, 1862, he enlisted in
Co. D, 1 Ith Regt. In this organization he
was successively proraoted from private
through the grades of corporal and ser
geant to that of 2d lieutenant. The regi
raent was first stationed in the defenses of
Washington, but was afterwards engaged in
the battles of Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor,
and on the Welden R. R. ; returned to
Washington, and driving back the rebels
at BerryvUle, then up the Shenandoah Val
ley, again returned to Washington and was
afterwards detached to Harper's Ferry and
after many forced marches' and skirmishes
around that place finally met the enemy at

Opequan, where Lieutenant Bedell, acting
as captain of the second company, was
struck by a shell which carried off his left
leg and injured hira severely in the right
hand. He was conveyed to the temporary
hospital on the field and suffered the arapu-
tation of his leg. A few days later the sick
and wounded were ordered to be transferred
to Harper's Ferry As Lieutenant Bedell
was so rauch exhausted it was impossible to
raove him and he was left in the hands of
the rebels, and would have perished had it
not been for the kindness of a rebel lady in
the neighborhood of the battlefield, who
removed him to her own house and though
her means could but barely furnish the
necessities of life she nursed him with such
care and attention that he was finally able
to be transported within the Union lines.
Lieutenant Bedell married, March 3, 1856,
Emeline, daughter of Aaron and Lucinda
(Hitchcock) Burba of Westfield. Six chih
dren have been born to thera : De Etta J.
(died March 9, 1879), Lucena A. (Mrs. Nol-
ton McClaflin of Montgoraery), Alden N.
(died Nov. 3, 1892), Herman A., Betty
Nanny, and James A.
Mr. Bedell is a Republican and whUe in
Westfield acted as the constable of the town.
After the close of the war he was for twenty
years an employe of the United States as
custom house ofificer. For five years of this
period he was stationed at Richford and
Berkshire and for fifteen years discharged
the duties of inspector and deputy collector
at Newport.
He is a Methodist in his religious creed ;
was one of the charter members and found
ers of Baxter Post, No. 5 1, G. A. R., and has
been its junior commander.
BENEDICT, George Granville, son
of George Wyllys and Eliza (Dewey) Bene
dict, was born in Burlington, Dec. 26, 1826.
Mr. G. G. Benedict prepared for matricu
lation at college in the academy at Burling
ton, entered the University of Vermont and
graduated with honors in 1847, receiving
the degree of Master of Arts in 1850. In
1865 he was elected meraber of the corpo
ration of the university and was also ap
pointed its secretary.
Subsequent to his graduation Mr. Bene
dict taught in the city of New York for about
twelve months, and for the three foUowing
years was employed in building the lines of
the Vermont & Boston Telegraph Co. In
1853 he acquired a proprietary interest in
the daily and weekly Burlington Free Press,
became associate editor, and is now editor-
in-chief of the same paper. He was also
postmaster of Burlington and president of
the Vermont & Boston Telegraph Co. from
i860 to 1864.

26

BENNETT.

In August, 1862, he enlisted as a private
in Co. C, 1 2th Regiment, Verraont Volunteer
MUitia. In January, 1863, he was promoted
to a lieutenant, and later was appointed aid-
de-carap on the staff of Gen. George J. Stan
nard, comraanding the 2d brigade of Vt
Vols. At the expiration of Lieutenant Ben
edict's term of service he was honorably dis
charged on the 14th of July, 1863. In 1865
he held the office of assistant inspector gen
eral with the rank of major.
In 1866 he was appointed aid-de-camp
on the staff of Gov. Paul Dillingham, with the
rank of colonel. In 1869 he was elected to
the state Senate frora Chittenden county,
and served in the committees on education
and military affairs. Re-elected to the same
body in the foUowing year, he served therein
as chairman of the coramittee on education
and in the committee on military afifairs.
In civil life Colonel Benedict also served
as director of the old Farmers' and Me
chanics' Bank. Very appropriately, too, in
view of his antecedents, he has been cor
responding secretary of the Verraont His
torical Society for a long series of years. In
1879 Colonel Benedict was appointed by
Governor Proctor state raUitary historian to
prepare a history of the part taken by Ver
mont in the war for the Union, which work
he did with painstaking care and great liter
ary ability.
He was married on the 27th of October,
1853, to Mary Anne, daughter of Edward
and AbigaU Frances (Warner) Kellogg of
Canaan, N. Y. One daughter was the issue
of this union. Mrs. Benedict died on the
9th of November, 1857. Mr. Benedict mar
ried as his second wife on the 2 2d of Decem
ber, 1864, Catherine Almira, daughter of
the Rev. Alvin Pease, D. D., and Martha
(Howes)Peaseof Rochester, N.Y. A daugh
ter, who died in infancy, and one son were
the fruits of his second marriage.
BENTON, JOSIAH H., of Maidstone son
of Samuel S. Benton, was born in Waterford,
Aug. 8, 1816.
He received his education in the coraraon
schools of Waterford and St. Johnsbury and
at Lyndon Acaderay, concluding his studies
at Burr Seminary, Manchester. He left his
paternal home at the age of seventeen to
pursue his education, relying on his ovvn
unaided efforts to effect this praiseworthy
endeavor. After teaching several successive
terms at Belchertown, Mass., and Montpelier,
and in the raeanwhile pursuing his theolog
ical studies, he was ordained as minister of
the Congregational church and settled in
West Addison, but soon went to Northfield,
and afterwards to Michigan as a conventional
delegate and settied at Clinton, Mich. Then
he received a call to Port Huron, but in a

year returned to Clinton. Malaria compelled
hira to return East. He now resides upon
his farm of eight hundred and fifty acres
on the Connecticut river.
An outspoken advocate of the Republican
party, Mr. Benton has filled several impor
tant town ofifices and was a meraber of the
constitutional convention in 1870.
He married at Putney, August 12, 1841,
Martha E., daughter of David and Hulda
Danforth. From this raarriage there were
four children : Josiah H., Jr., Martha E.,
Mary, and Robert. At Newbury, Oct. 9,
1856, he raarried for his second wife Harriet
B., daughter of Nathaniel and Silence NUes.
From this union there were eight children :
Samuel S., Harriet Maria, Ben Butler, Joseph,
Caroline E., Hugh Henry, John Edwin, and
Mary Edith.
BENNETT, EDWARD DEWEY, of Ben
nington, son of Daniel J. and Martha
(Dewey) Bennett, was born in Middlebury,
Dec 6, 1843. Descended from Daniel Ben
nett, a soldier of the war of 18 12.
His early education was derived from an
attendance in the schools of Middlebury,
where befitted for college, and taught school

EDWARD DEWEY BENNETT.
in Upton and Middlebury. In 1863 he was
employed as foreman of a construction gang
by the Western Union Telegraph Co. Gain
ing a knowledge of the art from this expe
rience, he reraoved to Lansingburg, N. Y.,
where he was placed in charge of the office,
and was also employed by the Bennington

BILLINGS.
& Rutland R. R. in a similar capacity at the
former city. Here he remained until 1885,
when he was made superintendent of that
raUway, a position which he still retains.
In addition he has acted in the capacity of
train dispatcher and auditor of passenger
and freight accounts of the Harlem exten
sion and superintendent of the Lebanon
Springs and Bennington & Glastonbury R. R.
Mr. Bennett is affiliated with the Repub
lican party, but his business has left hira no
tirae to hold or seek office ; nevertheless he
is now serving his third terra as member of
the Bennington graded school board, and
in 1892 was made president of that body.
He has joined the Bennington Historical
Society, and was one of the committee of
.fifty who served at the dedication of the
Bennington monument. In 1888 he re
ceived an appointment on the staff of Gov
ernor DUlingham, with the rank of colonel.
Colonel Bennett was wedded Sept. 15,
1870, to Elizabeth, daughter of John and
Sophronia (Hurd) Cushman. Their union
has been blessed with three chUdren: Edward
Cushman, Charles Henry, and Bessie Dewey
Bennett. Colonel Bennett is a Congregationalist
in his religious belief, and has occupied the
positions of deacon and superintendent of
the Sabbath school. He is much interested
in the Y. M. C. A., and has been a member
for three years of their state executive board
as weU as charter member of the local or
ganization. He is allied to the Masonic fra
ternity, and has presided in the East in Mt.
Anthony Lodge, No. 13.
BILLINGS, FREDERICK, son of Oel and
Sophia ( Wetherbe) BUlings, was born in Roy
alton, Sept. 27, 1823.
He received his preparatory education at
Kirabail Union Academy and graduated at
the University of Vermont in 1844. He
then studied law in the office of Oliver P.
Chandler of Woodstock and was admitted to
the bar in 1848. In the spring of 1849 ^r.
Billings began the practice of law in San
Francisco, Cal., and for thirteen years con
tinued it as a raeraber of the firra of Halleck,
Peachy & BiUings. Three years later he
made a trip to Oregon and Washington to
restore his health, after which he returned
to the East and settled in Woodstock, pur
chasing, about 1870, the property known as
the Marsh estate. There he made the most
beautiful home in Vermont.
Mr. BUlings not only took first rank as a
lawyer but was equally prominent among the
men of great business abUity who spanned
the continent with railways. His energies
were specially devoted to the Northern Pa
cific R. R. in which he was long a director,

BILLINGS.

27

for many years the manager of its land de
partraent and for two years Us president.
He did signal service in saving California
to the Union during the rebellion, and when
President Lincoln was considering the recon
struction of his cabinet for his second terra
he assured the California delegation of his
intention to appoint Mr. BUlings a member
to represent that state. After the death of
Mr. Lincoln the Legislature of California
passed a resolution requesting his successor
to give Mr. BiUings a cabinet position as the
representative ofthe Pacific coast.

FREDERICK BILLINGS.
He was married in New York, March 31,
1862, to Julia Parraly, daughter of Dr. Elea
zer and Annie M. (Sraith) Parraly. Their
children were seven: Parraly (died, 1888),
Laura, Frederick, Mary Montagu, Elizabeth,
Ehrick(died, 1889), and Richard.
Mr. BUlings died in Woodstock, Sept. 30,
1890. His was a manhood not absorbed in great
professional and business successes ; it went
out to his fellow-men in benefactions large
and innumerable.
Rev. L. G. Ware, himself since deceased,
wrote of hira in November, 1890, the follow
ing words of one Christian gentleman of an
other : "The trustees of the Vermont State
Library desire to place on their record, and
to express in their report to the General
Assembly, their regret in the lamented death
of their feUow-trustee, the Hon. Frederick

BISBEE.

BINGHAM.

Billings. Occurring within the first of his
membership of the board, it leaves them to
miss the friendly presence and genial com
panionship which they proraised theraselves,
and deprived of the syrapathy and aid they
were looking forward to from the wise inter
est he was known to have in library affairs ;
an interest in the collection of valuable
books and their proper bestowal, which he
specially raanifested in the gift he made to
the University of the State of the scholarly
library of the late Hon. George P. Marsh,
and in the erection of the beautiful library
building which bears his narae and has be
corae his fit and noble monuraent. But
regret in Mr. Billings' decease, the trustees
are well aware, is to be had on larger grounds
than those personal to themselves in the in
timacy and conduct of their board. They
have to lament in his departure the loss of a
true lover of Vermont, who had a quick eye
for the- beauty of its hills and a heart quick
for the tradition of patriotisra and integrity
among its people. He was the large-rainded
citizen, to whom aU the interests of his native
state were dear, but dearest its highest con
cerns of education and all intellectual advan
tage of raoral worth and religious conviction."
BISBEE, EDWARD W., of Barre, son
of Elijah W. and Lydia (Brown) Bisbee,
was born in Waitsfield, Feb. 27, 1856.

EDWARD W. BISBEE.

He received his early education in the
public schools of his native town and later
at Barre Academy, from which he was grad

uated in 1875. He studied law in Mont
pelier and was admitted to practice at the
Washington county bar at the September
term of court, 1879. He located at Barrey
in the foUowing November and has since
practiced his profession there
Mr. Bisbee has been an enterprising and
successful young man, a public-spirited; citi
zen, and has assisted in supplying the needs
of the town, being popular with all classes
of the community as a gentleman of good
judgment and sterling integrity. In i886fe
was one of the incorporators and organizers
of the Barre Water Co., which furnishes>it!he
village and its inhabitants with an abundant
supply of water for public and domestic
uses, and since its organization he has been
a director and its secretary. He is also a
stockholder in the electric light companif"*
which furnishes lights for the towns of Mont
pelier and Barre. In 1892 he was one of
the incorporators and coraraissioners to ef
fect the organization of the Barre Savings
Bank & Trust Co., and is one of its stock
holders. He was state's attorney for Washington
county four years, i886-'90. He is a Mason
and an Odd Fellow. In politics he is a Re
publican ; religious preference Universalist.
Mr. Bisbee was married in Montpelier,
Jan. 20, 1886, to Julia B., daughter of John
and Maria (WUson) Snow.
Bingham, William Henry Harrison,
of Stowe, was the son of Elias and Martha
(Robinson) Bingham. His birthplace was
Fletcher, and he was born April 15, 1813.
His father, Elias Bingham, in early life
carae from Connecticut and settled! in
Fletcher, which he represented in the Legis
lature, dying in 1839. / '¦:
William H. H. Bingham received his edu
cation in the schools ofhis native place and
at the St. Albans Academy. When- of age
he began the study of law in the oflSce of
O.W. Butler, Esq., of Stowe and was admit
ted to the bar of \Vashington county in 1836.
He first opened an ofifice in Stowe, entering
at once upon an active professional practice
and continued there until 1874. He Iw^
deservedly obtained a very high local repU"
tation as a business lawyer and collectotj
which specialty has brought him into intiij
mate relations with nearly all the merchants
and business raen of his vicinity. These
circurastances corabined with his great:,per-
sohal popularity gave him a raost extensive
practice for a rural community. Relying on
his good judgment and professional skill
very many cases were referred to him by
the county and supreme court in his capac
ity of auditor, referee, commissioner and
master in chancery. He has served four
terms as state's attorney for LamoiUe county

3°

BIXBY.

BIXBY.

Mr. Bingham has always been and still is
identified with the national Deraocratic
party. In 1853 he represented Stowe in the
Legislature, the sarae year was elected county
commissioner and in 1862 a member of the
CouncU of Censors and was its clerk. From
1853 to 1857 he was pension agent for the
eastern department of Verraont. A meraber
of the last constitutional convention in 1870,
he was appointed in 1878 one of the direc
tors of the state's prison and house of correc
tion and for fourteen years served in that
capacity. On three occasions Mr. Bingham
was Democratic candidate for the chief
magistracy of Vermont and has received the
largest number of votes ever cast for a mera
ber of that party. Twice he has been selected
as congressional candidate from his district.
He was for many years director of the
Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Co., of Mont
pelier, and for ten years its president. He
has also been a director of many banks, in
surance and railroad companies and is now
a director of the Central Vermont R. R.,
and director of the National Life Insurance
Co., and Waterbury National Bank. He
also organized a company, of which he be
came a president, to erect a magnificent ho
tel in the vUlage of Stowe near the base of
Mt. Mansfield, and under his careful super
vision this enterprise was successfully accom
plished, as well as the buUding of a smaUer
house upon the sumrait with a carriage road
leading from the valley to its door, thus
attracting multitudes of strangers and tour
ists. He is always known as Governor Bing
ham, and now that he counts more than four
score years is yet young in mind and is always
gladly greeted by the younger men of his
profession for that, like all who know him,
they respect and love him.
Mr. Binghara married, July 31, 1838, Or-
pha R., daughter of Riverius Carap, Esq., a
prominent citizen of Stowe. She died with
out issue in November, 1891, raourned by
all who knew her.
BIXBY, ARMENTUS BOYDEN, of Poult
ney, son of WUliam Armentus and Hannah
(Stoddard) Bixby, was born in Mount Holly,
June 26, 1834.
He is of English descent on both sides
and is of the seventh generation from Joseph
Bixby, who emigrated from the mother
country in 1637 and settled in Massachu
setts. The English branch of the Bixby
family are of Danish origin. On the Stod
dard side he is of the sixth generation from
Anthony Stoddard who came from London
to Boston in 1639. Anthony Stoddard was
a descendant of Williara Stoddard, a knight
who came from Normandy to England,
A.D. io66,with William the Conqueror, who
was his cousin.

While he was still an infant his parents
moved to Shellersville, O., where both of
thera died, leaving him an orphan at the
age of seven years. He returned to Ver
raont and obtained his support by labor
upon the farra during the summer, whUe de
voting his winters to attendance at the district
schools. At the age of nineteen he decided to
educate himself as a physician. Commencing
his preparatory studies at Black River Acad
emy, Ludlow, and Kimball Union Academy,
of Meriden, N. H., he entered Castleton
Medical College from which he graduated in
1858, completing his course at the CoUege
of Physicians and Surgeons in New York.
He began his professional labors at London
derry in i860, and built up a large and ex
tensive practice in that and the adjoining
towns. Obeying the call of duty, he offered
his services to the governraent and was made
assistant surgeon of the 4th Regt. Vt. Vols.,
continuing in the army from Oct. 6, 1862, to
Sept. 30, 1864, when he returned to his
forraer labors. In 1882 he was compelled
to abandon his practice on account of ill
health and removed to Poultney, where he
now resides. ¦ ,
In his religious belief Dr. Bixby is a liberal
Baptist. He has always been an active
worker in the church, but his labors have
never been characterized by narrow secta
rianism. For some years he was a licensed
preacher in the Methodist church and
labored as a revivalist with marked success.
During the agitation of the slavery ques
tion he was a strong opponent of that insti
tution and has ever acted with the Republican
party till 1 884, when he withdrew and became
an active Prohibitionist. He was a member
of their state committee for a number of
years and chairraan of the state convention
of 1888. He was sent as a delegate to the
national convention which norainated Clin
ton B. Fisk for the presidential chair. His
eminent qualifications for official position
were demonstrated by the fact that he was
the choice of his constituents for the posi
tion of state treasurer in 1888 and his popu
larity was evinced by his running ahead of
his ticket. He also received the nomination
for the position of judge of probate for
Rutland county in 1892. In the presidential
campaign in 1888 he took the platform and
advocated the principles of his party in
nearly all parts of the state, speaking elo
quently and fefifectively.
Dr. Bixby was united in raarriage March
17, 1857, to Annie, daughter of Luther and
Polly (Hemmenway) French of Mt. Holly,
who died June 10, i860, leaving one daugh-
ter, Lola Ann. He married for his second
wife, Oct. 9, 1862, Elnora E., daughter of
Lewis and Mary (Aiken) Howard of London-

32

BISHOP.

BISSELL.

derry. One daughter has blessed the union :
Salome Eliza.
Dr. Bixby is pre-eminently a self-made
raan, who, left an orphan in early chUdhood,
yet struggled successfully to educate himself
and by unaided efforts attained an honored
position in the community. Independent in
idea and action he is respected by all who
know hira for the probity of his life and
character and has always proved himself a
firm friend to those in adversity and a kind
and considerate neighbor ; of hira it can be
truly said in the words of Sir Henry Walton,
" his arraor is his honest thought, and siraple
truth his highest skill."
BISHOP, William H., of island Pond,
son of John R. and Harriet (Kemp) Bishop,
was born at Margate, Kent county, Eng
land, August 24, 185 I.
He obtained his education in the Enghsh
schools of Margate, came to this country in
June, 1868, and ten years after settled at
Island Pond. Soon after his arrival, he pur
chased the Essex County Herald and has
conducted this paper ever since. Mr. Bishop
has established a lively local correspondence
in every quarter of the county and made
his paper in fact as well as narae the Herald
of Essex County.
Mr. Bishop is a Republican from convic
tion and though born a foreigner is instinct
ively American. He has been a delegate
to state and county conventions, a member
of the Republican county coraraittee for
several years and has acted more than once
as its chairman.
He has been for ten years one of the
wardens of the Protestant Episcopal church,
secretary of Island Pond Lodge No. 44, F.
& A. M., and he is prominent in the lodge
and encampment of the I. O. O. F.
He was raarried Sept. 22, 1875, 'o Clara
M., daughter of James and Matilda( Hayward)
Wyatt. They have had five children : Al
fred Ernest, WUliara Henry, Roy A., Hubert
Stanley, and Arthur William (deceased).
BISSELL, Edgar N., of East Shore
ham, son of Soloraon L. and Martha M.
(Atwood) BisseU, was born Sept. 4, 1840, at
Shorehara. He obtained his early education at horae
and later on at Newton Academy. Engaged
in the occupation of farming and cultivating
a large portion of the land upon which his
grandfather settled in 1777, Mr BisseU has
been principally known as a breeder and ex
porter of Merino sheep and is considered as
one of the best authorities of the state in
this raatter. He is a frequent and valued
contributor to various agricultural journals.
He represented the town in the Legislature
of 1882 ; was state cattle commissioner

under Governor Ormsbee ; president of the
Verraont Merino Sheep Breeders' Associa
tion, i88o-'8i ; also president of the Ver
raont Sheep Shearers' Association from 1886
to 1 89 1 and occupied the chief executive
ofifice of Addison County Agricultural Soci
ety from 1886 to 1892. He is now serving
on the committee of the Natural Wool
Growers' Association, and for three years
has been chairman of that committee. Ap
pointed a raeraber of the State Board of
Agriculture by Governor Dillingham he re
signed the ofifice to give his attention to
other matters.
Mr. BisseU has received the Masonic de
gree, conferred in the lodge, chapter and
comraandery. He raarried, first, Sophia N., daughter of
Daniel and Nancy Needhara of Whiting, on
March 4, 1863, at Shoreham. From this
union five chUdren were born : Henry E.,
Edward S., Helen N., Annie J., and Maude
S. His first wife died in August, 1888. On
Dec. 28, 1889, he was married to Franc F.,
daughter of Jerry and Susan Parker of Shore
ham. Having a large acquaintance, not only in
but beyond his native town, he is universally
esteemed and no one is considered to have
acquired a greater skill in his specialties than
himself. BISSELL, William Henry Augustus,
late of BurUngton, son of Dr. Ezekiel and
Elizabeth (Washburn) Bissell, was born in
Randolph, Nov. 10, 1814.
He received his preUminary education in
the Randolph public schools and academy,
and was graduated frora the classical course
of the U. V. M. in 1838. In the following
year he was employed as a teacher in Bishop
Hopkins' School for Boys, at the same time
studying for the ministry. Later, in part
nership with G. B. Eastman, he estabUshed
a private school in Detroit. In 1838 he was
a candidate for Holy Orders in the diocese
of New York, in which state, for a brief
space, he was instructor in the institution at
Troy. In 1839 he was ordained deacon by
Bishop Onderdonk of Cavalry Church, New
York City. Soon after his ordination he
was established as rector at West Troy, and
was afterwards called to Lyons, where he
remained till 1848, then changed his pas
torate to Genesee, N. Y. In 1868 he was
elected bishop of the diocese of Vermont,
with his residence at BurUngton.
Bishop BisseU was ^n Independent in his
political views, always voting for the man
fitted for ofifice, irrespective of party. He
was much interested in missionary work,
being connected with aU societies working
under the authority of the Episcopal church.

BIXBY.
He was united in marriage August 29, 1838,
to Martha, daughter of Phineas and Maria
(Cotton) Moulton of West Randolph. Five
children blessed this union : Martha E.(Mrs.
Willard S. Pope of Detroit), Laura A.
(widow of Surgeon Charies S. Gray, U. S.
Navy), Mary A. (Mrs. G. Shaw of Burhng
ton), John H., and WiUiam A.
BIXBY, Hira L., of Chelsea, son of Icha
bod and Susanna (Lewis) Bixby, was born
in Chelsea, Sept. 13, 1833.
Educated in the common schools and at
the academy at Chelsea, he remained upon
his father's farm untU he was thitty-one years
of age, when after studying the art of pho
tography he pursued that occupation in
Burlington for eight years and then returned
to his native place, occupying himself chiefly
with farming and photography.
In 1 88 1 he originated a plan for signaling
the weather forecasts by raeans of steam
whistles, which was received with favor by
the weather bureau, and after the latter was
transferred from the war to the agricultural
departraent, it was adopted and is now in
successful operation.
In politics a Republican, Mr. Bixby has
held raost of the town ofifices and is esteemed
a prudent and pubtic-spirited citizen by his
fellow-townsmen. He represented Chelsea in
the Legislature of 1886, where he introduced
a proposal for the first secret baUot system
ever brought before that body, and though
it faUed at the time its principles were to a
great extent embodied in the law of 1890.
BLAISDELL,EdSON G., of Bridport, son
of Josiah and Cleora (MunsiU) Blaisdell, was
born in Richford, Dec. 13, 1846. His
grandfather was one of the original settlers
of the place and his father, for several years,
represented the town in the state Legislature.
He received his early training in the pub
lic schools of Richford and at- the high school
of Fairfax. Graduating from the Comraer
cial College at BurUngton in 1864, he pur
sued his studies at the Dartmouth Medical
School, and finally graduated, in 18 71, from
the medical department of the University
of Vermont, as the valedictorian of his class.
Clerk at quartermaster's department at City
Point during the civil war, he afterward
went to Texas, but in 187 1 estabHshed him
self as a physician at Bridport, where he has
built up a lucrative practice.
A Republican in politics he has held sev
eral town ofifices, notably that of superin
tendent of schools ; is a meraber of the Ad
dison County Medical Society and of the
Masonic order. For the past twelve years
he has been the clerk of the Congregational
Society of Bridport. Somewhat reserved
and an opponent of aU display in his raan-

BLISS.

33

ner of living he possesses the affection of all
who corae into intimate relation with him.
He was married in Bridport, June 1 7,
1874, to Mary E., daughter of Oliver and
Sarah Eldredge. Frora this union two chU
dren are living : Cleora G., and Harry E.
BLISS, Joshua Isham, of Burlington,
son of Moses and Sophia (Ishara) Bliss, was
born in Burlington, Nov. 19, 1830
His ancestors originally carae from the
county of Devonshire, in England, emi
grating to Boston in 1635. Mr. Bliss, after
a preparatory course in the academies at
Shelburne and Burlington, entered the Uni
versity of Vermont, from which he grad
uated with high honors in 1852. He then
took a position in a private school in North

JOSHUA ISHAM BLISS.
Carolina, but on account of his delicate
health was obliged to resign, and in order
to recuperate he spent some tirae in travel
ing in Europe and the East. In 1857 he
again resumed the profession of teaching in
Parkersburg, Va. Soon after he was ordered
deacon in the Protestant Episcopal church
at Burlington, and two years later was or
dained priest at Jericho.
In 1863 he was caUed as assistant rector
to St. Luke's parish in St. Albans, and after
wards assumed the sole rectorship, till 1869,
when he again visited Europe. On his re
turn, after a year of missionary service, he
assumed the rectorship of St. Peter's Church
Bennington. In 1877 hewas complimented

34

BLACK.

BOND.

by an appointment to the chair of professor
of rhetoric and English literature in the U.
V. M., where he reraained for eight years,
when he was invited to assume the charge
of St. Paul's Church in Burlington, which
arduous position he has ably fiUed to the
present tirae. In 1885 his alraa mater con
ferred upon him the degree of D. D., having
previously bestowed those of A. M. and A.
B. He is president of the standing com
mittee of the diocese of Verraont, and has
been elected several tiraes deputy frora that
diocese to the general convention.
He was married Sept. 10, i860, to Anne
E., daughter of Carlos and Caroline (Dem
ing) Baxter, of Burlington.
BLACK, HENRY Fayette, of East Cov
entry, son of Timothy and Almira (Baldwin)
Black, was born in Coventry, June 28, 1842.
Educated at the common schools and
acaderay of Coventry. He has frora early
age been a large and successful farmer, mak
ing dairying a specialty. He has been prom
inent in town affairs, and held different town
offices almost continually. He was town
representative in i88o-'82, serving on the
committee on the Grand List, which origi
nated the present systera of sworn inventories
which makes personal property bear nearer
its share of taxation. Has also been alraost
continually acting under the authority of the
probate court, in the settleraent of estates
and the manageraent of trust funds.
In his political preferences he has always
been a Republican, and though a Baptist in
his religious belief, he attends and supports
the Congregational church.
He married, Oct. 19, 1865, Melvina, daugh
ter of Childs and Ann (Chesney) Brooks.
Their chUdren are: Myra (Mrs. John H.
Howard, Albion, N. Y.), Orrin H., Mabel,
Carrie, Freddie, and Harry A.
BOGUE, Homer A., of Bristol, son of
VirgU P. and Florentine (Larkin) Bogue,
was born in Enosburgh, June 4, 1861.
His grandfather was the first settler of
Enosburgh, and on his mother's side he
traces his lineage to the Winslow faraily of
the Mayflower.
He attended school both in Enosburgh
and Irasburg and then continued his studies
at the academy at Newport. Since he carae
of a family noted for its physicians, he re
solved to study medicine, and at the age of
fourteen coraraenced under the tuition of
Dr. Templeton, of Irasburg, and later was
instructed by Dr. C. B Bogue, of Chicago.
He then entered the medical department of
the University of Verraont and later that of
the University of New York. Visiting Chicago
for private instruction and hospital practice,
he finally graduated at the U. V. M. in 1886.

He first pursued his profession at Monkton,
but soon removed to Bristol, where he has
met with much success.
In politics he is a Republican, is justice
of the peace and health ofificer. He is a
Mason, belonging to both lodge and chapter.
Dr. Bogue was married in Irasburg Dec.
6, 1882, to Ida M., daughter of Abner and
Clorinda (Stock) MUes. Their three children
are : Ruth S., George H., and Helen M.
BOND, George Herbert, of Brattie
boro, son of Luke T. and Elsie (Stoddard)
Bond, was born in Duinraerston, Jan. 31,
1846. Educated in the common schools, at the
age of sixteen he enlisted in Co. I, i6th

GEORGE HERBERT BOND.
Regt. Vt. Vols. He served for a period of
nine raonths when he received his discharge.
Returning, he lived five years at home, after
wards in Orange, Lowell and Boston.
In 1864, at the tirae of the St. Albans
raid, he enlisted in the National Guard as a
private, and since then has passed through
all grades until he has reached that of
Ueutenant-colonel, which position he now
holds. In January, 1870, he married Miss Addle,
daughter of George and Elishaba (Maynard)
Carpenter, of Orange, Mass. Two daughters
have been born to them : Lizzie C, and Nel
lie G., the latter Mrs. W. F. Root of Brattle
boro. In 1872 he took up his residence in Brat
tleboro, where for fourteen years he was in

BOLTON.
the employ of the Estey Organ Co., but
since 1887 has- been engaged in the coal
business. He is a prominent Odd FeUow and Mason,
being a member of Wantastiquet Lodge, No.
5, I. O. O. F. ; Brattleboro Lodge, No. 102,
F. & A. M. ; Fort Dummer Royal Arch Chap
ter, No. 12, and Beauseant Comraandery,
Knights Templar, No. 71.
BOLTON, PlyNN, of Peachara, son of
Luther C. and JuUa (Hooker) Bolton, was
born in Barnet, Sept. 16, 1824.
Obtaining such educational advantages as
lay in his power in the public schools of
DanvUle and Newbury, in the intervals of
labor upon a farra, when he had attained
his raajority he went to Boston, where he
found employment. Returning to DanvUle
in the spring of 1859, he purchased a farra
and cultivated it for five years. He then
again went to Boston where he continued a
year and then reraoved to Peachara, follow
ing the life of a farraer tUl 1869. He then
coramenced the business of a dealer in pro
duce, and purchased horses for parties in
Massachusetts. In 1873 he changed the
scenes of his labors to Peacham Corner,
where he operates a small farra, making a
specialty of the products of the dairy.
His religious preferences are Congrega
tional, and he has always voted the Repub
lican ticket. For four years he was called
¦upon to discharge the duties of trustee,
lister and selectman, and has held raany
minor ofifices. He was elected to the state
Legislature as representative for Peachara in
1882, and served on the general and dis
tributing committees.
He was united in marriage April 8, 1858,
to Phebe B., daughter of Moses and Phebe
(Brock) Wesson, who died Sept. 13, 1862,
leaving one son, George Bolton, M. D., of
West Burke. Mr. Plynn Bolton contracted
a second alliance May 11, 1865, with Martha
J., daughter of Ira and Recta (Wheelock)
McLoud. By his second wife he had issue :
Helen Phebe (deceased). May Evelyn, and
Recta Gertrude (deceased).
BOOTH, ISAAC Phillips, of North-
field, son of Isaac BiUings and Lydia Olney
(Phillips) Booth, was born in Union, Conn.,
Sept. 10, 1843.
He early evinced a love for books, and the
height of his youthful ambition was to obtain
an education ; but the circurastances of his
•parents were such as to give him but little
encouragement, yet he avaUed hiraself of his
slender opportunities to the utmost, and by
private reading and study, succeeded in ob
taining a fair preparation for college. Feel
ing himself too poor to pursue a collegiate
¦course, he concluded to settle down to a

BOOTH.

35

business life, but his first venture proving
unsuccessful, he resolved to return to the
vocation of a teacher, sorae experience of
which he had had in his earlier days. He
first opened a private school in White's Cor
ners, N. Y., but was soon called to take
charge of a new graded and high school in
that place ; and after reraaining there two
years was elected principal of the Kent, O.,
grararaar school. Having spent his vaca
tions and other leisure in reading law, in
1870 he was admitted to the Portage county
bar, and shortly after entered the ofifice of
M. S. Castle, of Cleveland ; but this profes
sion he also found uncongenial to him, and
he turned his attention to the church. Ac-

ISAAC PHILLIPS BOOTH.

cordingly, he entered St. Lawrence Univer
sity, from which he graduated with honor in
1874, taking, both the theological and uni
versity course, and immediately entered upon
his pastoral duties at Huntington, I.. I.,
where he remained two years, and then
changed the scene of his labors to Morris-
vUle, and subsequently to Northfield, in
which place he soon was elected to the pro
fessorship of Latin and Greek in Norwich
University, receiving frora this institution in
due course, the degrees of A. M. and D. D.
In 1885 Dr. Booth resigned his position
in the university and becarae principal of
the graded and high school in Northfield,
where he reraained tiU his appointment to
the office of county supervisor of schools.
In 1880 he represented MorrisviUe, and

36

BOOTH.

BOSWORTH.

served as chaplain in the House of Repre
sentatives, and six years after was elected a
member of that body from Northfield, serv
ing on the coramittee on education, and
earnestly advocating the present school law.
In 1 89 1 he again took charge of the graded
and high school, but has now accepted a call
from his old parish at MorrisvUle.
Dr. Booth has always taken a deep inter
est in educational matters and has discharged
the duties of town superintendent in nearly
every place of his residence.
He was married. May i, 1866, to Julia E.,
daughter of Laurens Crawford, Esq., of Staf
ford, Conn. Fourteen children have been
born to them : Lydia J. (deceased). Earnest
V. (deceased), Laurens C. (deceased), Al
fred F., Clarence H., Louis P., Edwin, Frank
L., Maud G., Annie M. (deceased), Ralph
A., Mabel E., Julia B (deceased), and PaulC.
Mr. Booth is past master of the local Ma
sonic lodge, a meraber of the I. O. O. F,,
and chief templar of the lodge of that order
in that town, and a trustee of Norwich
University. BOOTH, WILLIAM W., of Waltham,
son of Ezra and Sophia (Vv'halley) Booth,
was born in Ferrisburg, May 26, 1841.
Educated at the district school and at
Vergennes Academy, at the wish of his par
ents he remained with them on the old
homestead tUl he became of age. In 1875
he sold his estate in F'errisburg and reraoved
to Waltham. He- represented that town in
the Legislature of 1880, and has served as
selectman, as well as in other town offices.
He was married March 26, 1872, to Thirza,
daughter of Aaron and Lottie Field, of Fer
risburg. They have two chUdren : Agnes
F., born June 26, 1874, and Arthur E., born
AprU 28, 1878.
BOSWORTH, David, of Bristol, son
of Hezekiah and Myra (MUler) Bosworth,
was born in Hampton, N. Y., June 9, 1814.
His ancestors were among the earliest set
tlers of Boston.
Comraencing his education at the cora
raon schools of Hampton, he entered the
Castleton Academy and afterwards the Troy
Conference Acaderay. Leaving school at
the age of eighteen he returned to assist his
father in the raanageraent of his farm, and
while here taught school for several seasons.
Buying an estate adjoining that of his father
he carried on both for about fifteen years.
During this time he first felt the inclination
to preach, and this he did with much success
at the Advent church in Hampton. Subse
quently he reraoved to Bristol where he
labored for five years. The next four years
he was in Waterbury, engaging in business
in conjunction with his labors for a strug

gling church. Later, Mr. Bosworth lived in
Fair Haven and Cuttingsville, giving all the
aid in his power to the Advent churches near
those places. In 1868 he returned to Bris
tol and became permanently identified with
the Bristol Manufacturing Co., of which he
became one of the largest stockholders as
well as its secretary and treasurer, which
position he has held since. A large share of
its success is owing to his business ability
and enterprise.
Never taking any especial interest in poli
tics, Mr. Bosworth was first a Democrat and
later on a meraber of the Free Soil party.
Since that tirae he has been a consistent
Republican. He has been prorainently con
nected with the schools wherever he has
resided.

DAVID BOSWORTH.

One of the best-known members of the
Evangelical Advent church in the state he is
at present presideht of the Society of Advent-
ists of Vermont and the Province of Quebec.
Rev. Mr. Bosworth was married, Nov. 1$,
1842, to Melina, daughter of William Hotch
kiss, of Hampton ; her death occurred Feb.
13, 1864. Of this union were born five
chUdren : Alice E , Amanda M., Evangeline
A., Ida M , and William H. His second
marriage was contracted with Carrie M.,
daughter of Harvey and Samantha (Bump)
Boardman, March 14, 1865. By her he has
had five children : B. Boardman, M. Helen,
Myra M., Grace M., and David R.

BOYCE.

BOYCE.

37

BOYCE, OSMORE Baker, son of Rich
ard T. and Joanna (Banfield) Boyce, was
born in Newbury, Nov. 24, 1841.
Born and brought up on a farm he received
only such education as was afforded by the
district schools. After becoming of age he
turned his attention to acquiring an educa
tion, following any employment which offered
the best inducements, spending as much of
his time at Barre Acaderay as his means

OSMORE BAKER BOYCE.

organization ; also serving as grand director,
and represented that body in the supreme
lodge for four annual sessions. He is also a
member of the local lodge I. 0. O. F.
He was married in June, 1871, to Amelia
A. French, of Northumberland, N. H., who
died September, 1877, leaving one child:
Edith A. In January, 1881, he raarried
Louisa L., daughter of Oraneel B. Dodge, of
Barre. BOYCE, WILLIAM A., of Barre, son of
Richard T. and J. (Banfield) Boyce, was
born in Newbury, Dec. 3, 1839.
He was brought up on a farm, educated
in the common schools and at Barre Acade
ray, taught several years in the public schools
of the state with raarked success, two of
these as principal of the Cabot high school.
Having decided to enter the profession
of the law for his life work, he studied three
years in the ofifice ofthe late L.C. Wheelock
and of the late E. E. French, and was ad
raitted to the Washington county bar at the
March term in 1869, and soon after opened
an office in Barre and engaged in the active
practice ofhis profession. In 1S75 he took

woiUd permit, and following teaching suc
cessfully. Acquiring a taste for professional
life, he decided on the law and read for a
tirae in the ofifice of his brother, W. A. Boyce,
and then took a course at the Albany (N. Y.)
Law School, frora which he graduated in 1 8 7 1 .
Mr. Boyce first began the practice of his
profession at GuUdhaU where he also edited
for a year the Essex County Herald. In 1874
he removed to Barre and formed a law part
nership with his brother, W. A. Boyce, which
has successfuUy continued to the present
time, the firm enjoying a large practice in
Orange and Washington counties.
PoUtically Mr. Boyce is an adherent of the
Republican party, and has been honored
with many positions . of trust, viz. : superin
tendent of schools, justice of the peace, vU
lage trustee, and state's attorney for Essex
county in 1872, and a senator from Wash
ington county in 1892, serving on the
judiciary committee.
Mr. Boyce is a member of the Knights of
Honor, and has held various offices in that

WILLIAM A. BOYCE.

into partnership his brother, O. B. Boyce,
and since that tirae the firra have enjoyed a
large and successful general practice. He
has also been extensively and successfully
engaged in real estate transactions. At the
organization of the Barre Savings Bank &
Trust Co. he was elected one of its directors

3^

BOYDEN.

BOYNTON.

Mr. Boyce has repeatedly held the office of
town treasurer, superintendent of schools,
and Uster, and he has also represented Barre
in the Legislatures of i872-'73. He is a
member of Hiawatha Lodge, No. 20, I. O.
O. F.
BOYDEN, Nelson L., of Randolph
Center, son of Luther and Hannah (Goff)
Boyden, was born in Barnard, July 19, 1836.
His educational advantages were derived
from the district schools, the Royalton
Academy and Orange county grammar
school. Left an orphan in his earliest boy
hood, he was brought up on a farm, after
wards read law with Hon. Philander Perrin,
being admitted to the Orange county bar

Grand Isle bridge and also a meraber of the
judiciary coraraittee. He was state's attor
ney for Orange county in i870-'72-'74-'76
and has been both raeraber and president of
the board of trustees of Randolph State Nor-
raal School. For the interest of this institu
tion Mr. Boyden has labored assiduously,
and when their building was burned in the
suramer of 1893 he was unanimously chosen
chairman of the committee to erect a new
edifice, and to this end he has given his clos
est attention with flattering prospects of
success. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity
and the I. O. O. F., has filled the chairs in
the four local bodies of the forraer society
at West Randolph, and is a raeraber of Mt.
Zion Comraandery Knights Templar at
Montpelier. Mr. Boyden was united in marriage to E.
Angene, daughter of George and Arminda
(Miner) Carpenter. They have had five
children, two of whom survive : Charles I.,
and Florence L.

NELSON L. BOYDEN.

in 1865. He commenced the practice of his
profession at Randolph Center where he has
always remained and enjoyed a large and
fairly successful business. In addition he is
the owner of a large farm and one of the
finest herds of Jerseys in the state, and pays
rauch attention to the breeding of fine horses.
Mr. Boyden is a Republican and has filled
many ofifices of trust. He has been super
intendent of schools in Barnard and Ran
dolph, and town clerk in the latter place for
twenty-five years. He was chosen senator
from Orange county in 1882, and was chair
raan of the coramittee on education and re
form school, besides serving on the judiciary
coraraittee. In i888-'89 he represented the
town of Randolph in the Legislature, being
chairraan of the coraraittees on railroads and

BOYNTON, THOMAS JEFFERSON, of
Montpelier, the son of David F. and Lydia
(Roberts) Boynton, was born in Westfield,
Dec. 30, 1856.
Educated in the coramon schools of West-
field and the State Normal School at Johnson,
where he graduated, he taught several terms
in common and graded schools. In 1878 he
began to read law, but UI health compeUed
a cessation of study. In 1879 he resumed
his legal studies and was admitted to the bar
at the April term of Lamoille county court
and afterward received the same privilege
in Suffolk county, Mass., on Nov. 16, 1889.
He practiced law in Johnson tiU July 15,
1875, when he was appointed P. 0. Inspec
tor in charge of the New England division,
which position he resigned June 25, 1889,
when he resuraed the practice of his profes
sion and located in Montpelier, continuing
untU November, 1893, when he, again re
ceived the appointment of P. O. Inspector
with headquarters in Boston, where he now
resides. A Democrat in his political faith, Mr.
Boynton has fiUed the usual town ofiices,
and he represented Montpelier in the Gen
eral Assembly of 1892, being the leader of
his party during that session and influential
in the work of the House. He was a mem
ber of the Democratic state committee from
1882 to 1886 and is now its chairman.
He also belongs to the Masonic fraternity,
being on the roll of Waterman Lodge, No.
83, F. & A. M.
Mr. Boynton married, Dec. 27, 1879, Miss
Hattie L., daughter of Elizah O. and Judith
Story, of Johnson. They have one child:
Marion J.

BOYNTON.
BOYNTON, William Seward, of St.
Johnsbury, son of David and Harriet (Cham
berlain) Boynton, was born in St. Johnsbury,
AprU 2, 1853.
His early education was received at the
public schools of that town. He afterwards
attended the St. Johnsbury Academy, where
he was graduated in 1873. He entered CorneU
University with the class of 1877, where he
pursued a sciendfic and literary course of
studies. In 1877 he became treasurer and
a trustee of the Passumpsic Savings Bank,
which position he has since held. He has
also served as treasurer of the vUlage, county
and union school district.
In poUtics he is a Republican, and an hon
orary member of the National Guard of
Vermont, having served as ist Ueutenant of
Co. D, ist regiraent.
.\ member of Passumpsic Lodge, F. & A.
M., he also for fifteen years has been junior
warden of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church
of St. Johnsbury.
September 8, 1881, Mr. Boynton was
married to Ida P. Bancroft, formerly of
Chelsea, Mass., daughter of WUliara and
Statira (Haskell) Bancroft. Their three
chUdren are : Helen Agnes, Alice Harriet,
and William Henry.
BRADY, Charles N., of Newport, son
of Patrick and Hannah (O'Connor) Brady,
was born in HaverhUl, N. H., Feb. 9, 1855.
His education was obtained at the public
schools and the Methodist Seminary at
Newbury. He began business life at the age of thir
teen by mastering the art of telegraphy,
which he practiced in suramer until 1877,
when he entered the general offices of the
Passumpsic R. R. at LyndonvUle, fiUing
various minor positions until he was raade
night train dispatcher in 1879, which occu
pation he relinquished after one year's
service on account of ill health. Two years
afterwards he entered the train service in the
passenger department. In 1886 he took up
his abode in Newport, and untU the early
part of 1888 devoted his time entirely to the
real estate business. In February of that
year, he became a partner in the firm of
Sherman & Brady, successors to Sherraan &
West, wholesale and retail dealers in flour,
feed, etc., taking charge of the affairs of the
concern and doubling its general business
and storage capacity the first two years, also
adding to its facilities a steara grist raUl
with elevator, etc. ; and at the present time,
is conducting one of the raost important in
dustries in Northern Vermont.
Mr. Brady was one of the incorporators,
and at present is a director of the Newport
Board of Trade, and vice-president and treas
urer of the Memphremagog Driving Park

BRADFORD.

39

Association. Mr. Brady is one of the prime
movers and ablest supporters of all the im
provements that Newport at present enjoys ;
to him is due in a great measure the estab
lishment of both the water and sewer system
in the town, also the electric lights ancl con
crete sidewalks. He is vice-president ofthe
Moir Granite Co., which has recently located
the United States branch of their works at
Newport, largely through the efforts of Mr.
Brady. He is also a director in the New
port Loan and Building Club, and an ener-

CHARLES N. BRADY.
getic citizen who never allows any opportu
nity to escape him to promote the welfare
of the community in which he resides.
He was united in wedlock Dec. 20, 1886,
to May, daughter of Soloraon M. and Louisa
(Sias) Field.
Mr. Brady is an ardent Democrat who has
never sought political preferraent.
BRADFORD, PHILANDER D., late of
Northfield, was born in Randolph, April 9,
181 1, and was the son of John and Lucy
(Brooks) Bradford. His father was a lineal
descendant in the sixth generation frora
Governor William Bradford, who came over
in the Mayflower. An orphan at the age
of seven years, he found a home with the
relatives of his mother at Alstead, N. H.,
but returned to Randolph at the age of
fifteen, and entered the Orange county
graramar school. Five years later he coih-
menced the study of raedicine with his

40

BRAGG.

BRANCH.

brother. Dr. Austin Bradford, and at the age
of twenty-three graduated from the Wood
stock Medical School, then a branch of Mid
dlebury College. He practiced medicine in
Braintree, Randolph and Bethel. In 1850
he received the degree of A. M. frora the
University of Verraont. In 1854 he perma
nently settled in the town of Northfield. In
1857 he became professor of physiology in
the medical coUege of Castleton, and held
that position until Deceraber, 1862, when he
resigned. An antiquarian by nature, he
made a large collection of objects of inter
est and historical value, as well as a fine col
lection of minerals, which he donated to
Norwich University, where they are known
as the Bradford collection.
Dr. Bradford belonged to the Republican
party. He was elected to the Legislature
from Randolph in i853-'54. In the latter
year he was raade coraraissioner of the in
sane and served the state in this capacity
for two years. In i862-'63 he was elected
senator from Washington county, and in the
last year president of the Vermont Medical
Society. A strenuous advocate of the cause
of huraan rights, of temperance and all
moral reforms he was elected a trustee of
Norwich University. In December, 1862,
he was commissioned surgeon of the 5 th
Regt. Vt. Vols., but from UI health was com
pelled to resign the ensuing April.
In i860 he was made G. M. ofthe Grand
Lodge of I. O. O. v., and was also placed
at the head of the grand division of the Sons
of Temperance. In 1875 he was a member
.of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge U. S. I. O.
O. F., and in 1879 ol Right Worthy Grand
Lodge I. O. G. T.
He was a liberal supporter of, and a con
stant attendant at the services of the Pro
testant Episcopal church, and was senior
warden of the same at the time of his
death. Dr. Bradford raarried first Susan H. Edson
of Randolph in 1835, who died in October,
1865, leaving one chUd, Mrs. George W.
Soper, who died in 1889. In May, 1867,
Dr. Bradford married Mrs. Olive Moore,
widow of Hiram Moore, Esq. The second
Mrs. Bradford died August 5, 1890. Dr.
Bradford died at Northfield, July i6, 1892.
BRAGG, Azro D., of Fayston, born
in Warren, Nov. 25, 1834, was the son of
William and Chloe (Buck) Bragg.
His father being crippled from rheuma-
tisra when Azro was a young lad, he took
charge of the farm, manifesting even at that
age the energy, self-reliance and persever
ance that has made him a successful man.
He has passed most of his life in the town of
Fayston. Here he occupies hiraself with
dairying and stock raising. From a fine

sugar orchard of two thousand trees he sends
to the West large quantities of maple syrup
each season.
Mr. Bragg is an active Republican and
has attended as delegate every county con
vention but two for the last thirty years ;
represented Fayston in the Legislature in
i870-'7i, besides holding many town offices.
He was four years Master of Waitsfield
Grange, P. of H., is a member of I. 0. G.
T., and was for six years superintendent of
the M. E. Sabbath school of Waitsfield and
Fayston.

AZRO D. BRAGG.

He was raarried, Jan. 9, 1855, to Anna
B., daughter of John C. and Lydia (Bixby)
Griggs. They have had five chUdren:
Francis A., Emily L. (died, 1881), Hattie
E. (Mrs. G. F. Ainsworth of Minneapolis),
William C, and an infant son, who died in
1862. BRANCH, Charles Franklin, of
Newport, son of Orson and Rodilla (Felton)
Branch, was born in Orwell, Dec. 9, 1845.
His preliminary education was received
in the village schools, and he was fitting for
college when the civil war destroyed all
taste for study. Eager to participate in the
stirring events of the times, he enlisted in
Co. C, 9th Vt. Vols., and was successively
promoted from private, through the grades
of corporal, sergeant, lieutenant and cap
tain, which last position was assigned him
for gallant and meritorious conduct in the
field before Richmond ; later he was breveted

BRANCH.

BREWSTER.

41

raajor for conspicuous conduct at the cap
ture of Richraond, AprU, 1865. He was an
active participant in all the varied experi
ences of his regiment, including their unfor
tunate capture at Harper's Ferry, and was
among the first to enter the rebel capital.
He was twice wounded in battle, and was
honorably discharged from the service in
December, 1865.

centennial. He is medical examiner for
nine prominent life insurance companies,
and surgeon for the southern division of the
C. P. R R.
He has taken a deep interest in educa
tional matters, and for many years was su
perintendent of schools in Coventry. He is
esteeraed one of the best speakers on the
subject of the war in the state, and is in de
mand as a Memorial Day orator. He has
no disposition to seek office ; is a Congrega
tionalist in his religious belief, earnest and
conscientious in his every-day life, and ever
ready to strive for the public weal.
Dr. Branch was united in marriage at
Orwell, March, 1868, to Emma, daughter of
Jaraes and Lucretia (Calkins) Cook by
whora he had issue : James O., May E., and
AUiene E. Mrs. Branch deceased, Septem
ber, 1876. In Coventry he was again united in
marriage to Ida H., daughter of Hon. Sam
uel Burbank. From this union was born
one daughter, Helen L. His second wife
died in February, 1888, and he contracted a
third alliance, at Derby, with Martha J.,
daughter of Hon. Emera and Julia (Dag
gett) Stewart, in October, 1S91.
BREWSTER, GEORGE BENJAMIN, of
Irasburgh, son of Phineas and Lydia (Isham)
Brewster, was born in St. George, August
4, 1823.
He was educated at the common schools
of St. George, Shelburne, and at Hinesburgh
Academy. In 185 1 he removed to Iras-

CHARLES FRANKLIN BRANCH.
At the close of the war, returning home,
he was anxious to continue his studies, but
his parents desired that he should remain on
the farm, which he did untU 1875, when he
decided to adopt the profession of his choice.
Graduating with honors, and pursuing fur
ther instruction in hospital work, he settled
in Coventry, and in 1887 moved to Newpoit,
and has become one of the leading physi
cians of his section. He has been United
States pension examiner for several years,
also professor of state medicine and hy
giene in the State University. He is an
active member in the Orleans County Medi
cal Society, the Vermont State Medical
Society, and the American Medical Associa
tion. For several years was surgeon to the
ist Regt., V. N. G., and was surgeon-gen
eral of Vermont in i886-'88. He is an
ardent G. A. R. raan and member of the
MUitary Order of the Loyal Legion. He is
a member of Central Lodge F. & A. M.,
Cleveland Chapter and MaUa Commandery
K. T. ; of this last body he was chief njar-
shal at the celebration of the Bennington

GEORGE BENJAMIN BREWSTER.

42

BRIDGMAN.

BRIGHAM.

burgh, where he now owns a farm of four
hundred and forty acres. In addition to his
farming interests, he has for more than
twenty years been an extensive dealer in
butter and agricultural implements. He has
always been ambitious to advance the inter
ests of the farmer and was the first to organ
ize a farmers' league in the state.
Always a Republican, he served in the
state Legislature in 1 869-' 70. He is in
reUgious belief a Universalist, and for many
years was instrumental in maintaining Uni
versalist preaching in his town.
He married, first, June 16, 1852, Emily
Holbrook, daughter of Peletiah Holbrook,
and second, Sept. 26, 1855, Mary A. Leon
ard, daughter of ^Villard and Amy (Lary)
Leonard of Glover. He has two sons and a
daughter : W. F. Brewster (living in Iras
burgh), Leonard E. Brewster (of Boston),
and Emily F. Brewster (wife of Dr. E. M.
Shaw of Spokane, Wash.)
His high raoral principles and progressive
nature demonstrated in his every-day busi
ness life, together with his cheerful, indus
trious companion, has given to him a
beautiful country home, where he now lives
a corafortable retired Ufe, and a respected
citizen. BRIDGMAN, DORMAN, JR., of Hard
wick, son of Dorman and Achsah (MitcheU)
Bridgman, was born in Hardwick, Feb. 7,
1837. His grandfather, Capt. John Bridg
man, was the first setder (1795) in the
southern part of the town, where he cleared
the farm on which his son was born, and
which has always remained in the family.
The son was the first postmaster of Hard
wick and the first and most prominent mer
chant of the place. Both Capt. John and
Dorman, Sr., were prominendy idendfied
with the business interests of the town. The
forraer was a volunteer at Plattsburg in the
war of 181 2, and in addition to his agricul
tural pursuits was an inn-keeper, furnishing
good entertainment for man and beast at the
homestead farm under the sign of the "Hah
Moon and Dove," A. D. 1800.
Dorman Bridgman, Jr., received the cus
tomary educadon at the pubhc schools, then
attended the Hardwick and afterwards the
People's Academy at MorrisviUe. After
teaching several terms in various towns,
the California gold fever seized him in 1858,
and he started for Pike's Peak. In i860 he
returned to Hardwick and employed himseh
as proprietor of the hotel in that place dU
1862, when his father took the house, the son
redring to the paternal farm, where he re
raained for five years, then purchased an
estate in Woodbury. In 1879 he engaged
with M. E. Tucker in the luraber business
and erected a miU in MackviUe, where he

remained tiU 1886, when he returned to
Hardwick village. Since his return he has
occupied himself principally in the advance
ment of the material interests and prosperity
of the village, the rapid growth of which is
largely attributed to him. During this time
he has been chosen to different town and
village ofifices, and is at the present time
(1893) chairman of the board of selectmen
and justice of the peace of the town. He
was largely interested in securing the incor
poration of the village in 1890, and was
elected its first president ; and again in 1892-

DORMAN BRIDGMAN, JR.
'93. He has been at various times Demo
cratic candidate for town representative,
polling very much more than the party vote.
Mr. Bridgman early interested himself in the
establishment of the Hardwick Savings Bank
& Trust Co., organized in July, 1893, and is
at present a director and one of its largest
stockholders. He was united in raarriage, November,
i860, to Jennie R., daughter of George and
Ehza (Renfrew) Whitcher of Albany.
BRIGHAM, Charles Orson, of Rut
land, son of Leander D. and EUza (Bates)
Brigham, was born in Ogdensburg, N. Y-,
Dec. 23, 1847.
His early childhood was passed in Oshawa,
Ont., undl the death of his parents, when
with his brothers and sisters he came to re
side with his grandmother at Westford. As
she was a woman who held fast to the Puri
tanical faith of her ancestors and was well

BRIGHAM.
versed in aU business operations, her influ
ence strongly impressed the boy who devoted
his attention to study during his evenings,
after the steady daily toil upon a rocky hiU-
farra, the care of which he manfully took
upon his young shoulders. Having availed
himseU of the best possible advantages
afforded him by the district and "select
school" of the village, Mr. Brigham com
menced a course of study at the age of
twenty, in the Essex Academy, which was
unhappily interrupted before its completion

BRIGHAM.

43-

CHARLES ORSON BRIGHAM.
by the destruction of the school buildings by
fire, and the bursting of a blood vessel in one
of his eyes. Overwork and hard study had
been a double draft on weary nature, and
partial bUndness seemed about to blot out
his prospect of a professional career. Going
with one of his fellow-students to his horae
at Pittsford, he labored as he was able for a
short period, Uttle thinking. that in the future
he would return here in a professional capac
ity, after an interval of fifteen years of weary
waiting and uncongenial occupations. This
time he spent mostly in Westford as clerk in
the store of a general merchant, or teaching
school in the long winters and employing the
summer season in agricultural pursuits and
in fire-insurance agencies, when his health
and eyesight would perrait.
He was ever an active worker in church,
Sunday-school and choir. Uniting with the
Congregationalists in early manhood, he was
always prompt to engage in any enterprise
which would promote the pubhc welfare in

his town, and was ever Uberal in helping'
other societies besides his own.
He was married on April 25, 1876, to
Sarah A., daughter of Samuel G. and Phebe
(Dimick) Bishop, who has borne him one
son : Lynn B.
In 1880, while raaking improvements on.
the farra of his father-in-law in Westford,,
urgent calls for nursing in that vicinity-
seemed to develop a special aptitude and
interest in this occupation, and eyesight and
health appearing established now on a firm-
basis, he commenced a study of medical
works, which resulted in his entering the
medical department of the University of
Vermont in the spring of 1883. Dr. Brigham
received his diploma in 1886, after having
taken a fuU course of surgery and medicine,.
and has practiced with marked success ever
since in Pittsford and the adjoining towns.
He is thoroughly in earnest in his work, and
his reputation has made hira an active mem
ber of the Rutland County Medical and
Surgical Society, which has availed itself of
his services as secretary and treasurer. He
is also a member of the State Medical Soci
ety. In 1893 he removed from Pittsford to-
Rutland, where he now resides.
BRIGHAM, Frederick Lucian, of
Pittsfield, son of Charles W. and Mary L.
Brigham, was born in Pittsfield, July 7,

FREDERICK LUCIAN BRIGHAM.
His early education was obtained in the
State Normal School at Randolph, and the

44

BROCK.

BROWN.

Vermont Methodist Seminary in Montpe
lier, and he graduated from the medical col
lege at Dartmouth in 1887, receiving the
diploma of M. D. He immediately settled
in his native town where he has reraained,
enjoying a very successful practice as a
regular physician. In 1892 he was appoint
ed health ofificer of Pittsfield, and in the
sarae year was elected town representative.
Dr. Brighara is a meraber of the Masonic
fraternity in which he took the Blue Lodge
degrees at Rochester in 1885.
He was united, Feb. 9, 1887, to Keta L.,
daughter of George W. and Eldora A. Davis.
BROCK, William Wallace, of New
bury, son of WilUara and Anna (WaUace)
Brock, was born in Newbury, June 7, 18 19.
His father, a prorainent citizen of New
bury, had hira educated at the public schools
and seminary of that place. He lived on
the farm on which he was born until 1858,
when he removed to the old Brock home
stead, where he now resides. A daughter,
making the fourth generation of Brocks, stiU
resides with her parents. This farm, from
the neatness of its surroundings, its appear
ance of thrift and corafort, presents the
picture of a typical New England home.
Mr. Brock has also the care of several
estates in the town, whose owners are resi
dents, showing how much he enjoys the con
fidence of those who know him. A Repub
Ucan in his political behef, he has been
justice of the peace for forty years, was a
member of the Legislature in i86s-'66, and
has held numerous other ofifices of trust con
ferred upon him by his fellow-citizens.
He raarried Sophia Lovewell TapUn. Five
children have been born to them : Benjamin
F., Eugene, Clarence T., Williara Wallace,
Jr., and Clara BeUe, the first three prosper
ing in the state of Washington, and the last
two StiU residing in Newbury.
BROOKINS, Harvey S., of Shorehara,
was born Jan. 25, 1835, in Shorehara. He
was the son of Philip C. and Lucina (Forbes)
Brookins. Receiving his early education at the cora
mon schools of his native town, he after
wards graduated at Bakersfield Acaderay.
In 1856 he went to Minnesota where he
found employment as a surveyor, and was
there elected sheriff of Wright county.
He enlisted in the 8th Minnesota Regt.
in August, 1862, and was promoted to the
rank of captain May i, 1863. As the trouble
with the Sioux Indians came about this time,
he served as a scout in Minnesota till 1864.
He then marched across the plains, and on
returning the regiraent was sent to Mur
freesboro, Tenn., where Captain Brookins
received a severe wound, which necessitated

his discharge May 17, 1865. He then re
ceived an appointment as . clerk in the
Treasury Departraent at Washington, which
position he resigned in September, 1866.
Returning to Vermont he gave his atten
tion to farming, and has pursued this voca
tion with success.
Captain Brookins was elected by the Re
publicans of the town to the Legislature of
18 76-' 78, and has creditably served on
several committees. He also served his
town as constable from i872-'8o, when he
resigned, and has held other town offices.

HARVEY S. BROOKINS.
He belongs to Siraonds Lodge of the
Masonic order, and is its Senior Warden,
and to John A. Logan Post, No. 88, G. A. R.
He raarried in Shorehara Sept. 3, 1866,
Erama L., daughter of Myron W. C. and
Tryphosia Wright. Three children are born
from this marriage : Lura E., Edna E., and
Arthur H. Captain Brookins is looked upon
as a man of marked abUity in his town and
section of the county.
BROWN, ADNA, of Springfield, son of
Isaac and Sarah (Flagg) Brown, was born in
Antrim, N. H., Dec. II, 1828.
A pupil of the common schools of his
birthplace, he left home at the age of sixteen
to batde with the world. First entering a
woolen mill to learn the trade, he gave this
up and served his apprenticeship as a
machinist. Rising rapidly, he successively
becarae foreman, then superintendent, and

BROWN.

BROWN.

45

finally master in the Parks & Woolson
Machine Co., of which he is now the
president and general manager. In this
position Mr. Brown has furnished many
iraproveraents in cloth-finishing machinery,
and is the holder of many valuable patents
covering the same. He is also president and
managing director of the Jones & Lam
son Machine Co., especially prorainent as
the builder of the Hartness flat-turret lathe.
He organized the Springfield Electric Light

his Christianity beyond its doors and is well
known for his active benevolence and inter
est in aU worthy enterprises.
BROWN, Albert L., of Lunenburg,
born in Lunenburg, Jan. 12, 1828, was the
son of Isaac and Lucretia (Wood) Brown,
and was educated in the schools of Lunen
burg. Reraaining whh his father tiU the
age of eighteen, he went to Boston and
worked as a cabinet raaker, then took up
his abode in Portland, Me., where for eight
years he kept a hotel. At the close of the
war he sought his fortune in the West, and
for a long period was eraployed as an agent
by the Chicago Scale Co., after which he
engaged in the grocery business. Satis
fied with the corapetence, which was the
result of his industry and business abUity,
Mr. Brown returned to his native town and
purchased the beautiful and picturesque
estate, which was the early home of his first
wife. A lifelong and stalwart Republican, he has
been elected to almost all the offices in the
gift of his fellow-townsmen, including a seat
in the Legislature in 1888. In creed he is a
Congregationalist.

ADNA BROWN,
Co., and is president of the Brown Hotel
Co., chartered under the laws of the state
in 1892, which has erected a handsome brick
hotel, named in his honor, "The Adna-
brown." He is the presiding ofificer of the
local board of trade and of the Black River
Railroad Co.
Mr. Brown is a staunch and active Repub
Ucan, and though never seeking ofifice, has
fiUed many positions of trust both in town
and county. In 1882 he was sent to the
Legislature, and in 1890 was a state senator.
Mr. Brown was one of Vermont's delegates
to the national Republican convention in
MinneapoUs in 1892, and was a member of
the coramittee which drafted the platform for
the party in the campaign of that year. In
1893 he received the appointment of state
World's Fair commissioner from Governor
FuUer. A CongregationaUst in beUef, he does not
confine his reUgion to the church, but carries

/#

ALBERT L. BROWN.

September 17, 1849, ^^ married Lucretia
S., daughter of Stephen and Almira Powers.
To them a son was born, George Albert, who
died Aug. 18, 1864. He married at Chicago,
June 13, 1878, Julia F., daughter of Jaraes
and Susan Trow. From this latter union
there is one daughter : Mabel E.

46

BROWN.

RROWNELL.

BROWN, Curtis, of Belvidere, son of
Lybeout and Betsey W. (Ward) Brown, was
born in Coventry., Oct. i6, 1825.
His father was the first RepubUcan repre
sentative in the Legislature of the state, to
which both his son and grandson have been
•elected. Mr. Brown was educated in the comraon
schools of Coventry and afterwards at Wa
terbury, N. Y., residing with his parents tiU
the age of twenty-one. At that time he pur
chased a farra in Belvidere, and in order to
pay for it went to Massachusetts, where he
worked industriously in a mill for several
years until he had accomphshed his object.
For a time he engaged in the manufacture of
butter tubs and lumbering, but has given this
up and now resides upon his farm.
Mr. Brown is said to be the champion bear
hunter of the state, having shot or captured
sixty-eight of these animals, once performing
the feat attributed to General Putnam of
Revolutionary times by entering a cave and
crawling a distance of forty feet on his hands
and knees, when with unerring aim by the
light of a torch he brought down the object
of his pursuit.
He is one of the best representatives of
the old class of sturdy woodsmen, who have
¦given such lasting fame to the hunters of the
Green Mountains, so few of whora remain to
jiarrate the deeds of their early days.
He raarried, March 13, 1852, Helen M.,
daughter of Edmund L. and Lucy (Hodg
kins) Crozier of Calais, by whora he has had
five children : Reuben J., Edmund L., Alex-
¦ander (deceased), Francis B., and Nora.
BROWN, William A., of Jacksonville,
son of A,mos A. and Mary (Temple) Brown,
was born in Whitingham, April 15, 1856.
He received his education at the common
schools of his native town, and after its com
pletion devoted his time to teaching, deaUng
in real estate and lumbering, continuing until
1884. He then opened a store for general
merchandise in Jacksonville, and raeeting
with success, formed a partnership with H.
A. Wheeler, purchasing the stock of goods
owned by N. L. Stetson. After a year he
bought out his partner and continued the
business alone, seUing out to C. H. Shepard
son, and formed a stock company which
bought out the Cooking MiU, Stetson Bros.,
¦and the E. E. Putnam estate, for the purpose
of raanufacturing butter tubs and boxes. At
present he is pre.sident and manager of the
¦company. Brought up a Republican, on reaching his
majority he concluded that Vermont was run
by a ring for their personal interests and not
in the interest of the people, he cast his first
wote for a Deraocrat. xAt that time he, with
¦several other young raen who had formerly

been Republicans, began a fight against the
ring. H e was elected to the Legislature in
1890 and re-elected in 1892, serving on the
committee on insane and on the Grand List.
He thoroughly advocated the Australian sys
tem of baUot, weekly payments, and the town
system of schools.

\

WILLIAM A. BROWN.

He was married Oct. 3, 1889, to Ada M.,
daughter of Mervin M. and Almeda (Fowler)
Brown, of Whitingham. Two children have
been the fruit of this union : Greely A., and
WilUam RusseU.
BROWNELL, CHAUNCEY WELLS, born
in Williston, Sept. 13, 181 1, was the son of
Samuel and Zeruah (Forbes) BrowneU. His
paternal and maternal grandfathers were
both Revolutionary soldiers ; the latter, John
Forbes, distinguished for his ready wit and
quick power of repartee, came to Williston
in very early times. Samuel A., the father
ofthe subject of the present sketch, came
with his parents from Connecticut to Willis
ton and purchased land in the northeast
corner of the original town of Burlington,
now Williston, embracing a large portion of
the grant to Governor Benning Wentworth
of New Hampshire in this township.
In this new country which his hands
helped to clear, C. W. BrowneU grew to
manhood, his early days being devoted to
hard labor, and his evenings to study by the
light of the huge logs burning in the old-
fashioned fire-place, or the occasional aid of
the glimmer of a pine knot. Here, with a

BROWNELL.

BROWNELL.

47

board and piece of charcoal, he solved
many a problem in mathematics that after
ward served him in good stead when he
taught the district school.
In 1840 he purchased a large farra in the
southwestern corner of WiUiston, on which
he continued to reside during life. It was
his ambition to buUd up and improve and
leave to those who should come after him

CHAUNCEY WELLS BROWNELL.
more coraforts and sources of income than
he had been wont to enjoy. He set out
large orchards and grew all varieties of fruit
that the cUmate would permit. He sought
to beautify the roadways, and planted large
numbers of maple, elm, butternut, walnut
and other doraestic trees, which today ex
tend along the street for more than a mUe,
making a shady and attractive drive. He
added to his real estate from time to time,
seldom parting with any he had bought, and
it was owing to this peculiar phase of char
acter that at his death, notwithstanding con
veyances to his chUdren, he was the pos
sessor of more than one thousand acres. He
gave much time and thought to the improve
raent of stock, and bred and owned some
of the best horses, catde and sheep in the
Strongly attached to the principles of the
Republican party, Mr. Brownell was a useful
public-spirited citizen, and was called to
nearly aU the duties entrusted to town
officials. An uncompromising believer m
protection for American industries, he was

quickly out of patience with those who ad
vocated a free trade policy. He repre
sented Williston in the Legislature of 1860-
'61, and was chosen a member of the state
Senate frora Chittenden county for the first
biennial terra in 1870. In his business rela
tions, upright, of genial temperament and of
untiring energy as his last words strongly
indicate, "My work is but half accom
plished" he has rarely been surpassed as a
good citizen and useful friend.
On March 4, 1841, he married Miss
Laura C, daughter of Isaac and Laura
(Chapin) Higbee, from whom the following
chUdren were born : Samuel A., of Essex ;
Zeruah F., wife of- WUUam F. Whitney, of
WiUiston ; Chauncey W., lawyer, of Burling
ton ; Laura H., wife of John A. Collier of
Brooklyn. One, Eliza, died in 1862. Mrs.
BrowneU dying in November, 1852, in May,
1854, he married for his second wife Miss
Martha M., daughter of Hon. John Van
Sicklen of South Burlington. His children
by the second raarriage are Sarah V., Mary
A., Mrs. E. H. Thorp of Middlebury, and
Grove L., of Essex ; one, John Lester, died
in 1885. Mrs. Brownell's death occurred
Jan. 5, 1 89 1. Mr. Brownell died June 4,

BROWNELL, CHAUNCEY WELLS, son
of. C. W. and Laura (Higbee) BrowneU, was
born in WiUiston, Oct. 7, 1847.
Receiving a preparatory education in the
comraon schools and at the academies at
Williston and Alburgh Springs, he was grad
uated from the University of Verraont in the
class of 1870, and afterwards pursued his
studies at the Albany (N. Y.) Law School.
After graduation he established himself at
Burlington and commenced to practice his
profession. He was four years city grand
juror and prosecuting attorney. Belonging
to the RepubUcan party, Mr. BrowneU has
been called to many public ofifices. For two
years he was state's attorney for Chittenden
county and assistant secretary of the Senate
from 1874 to 1880, when he was elected to
the ofifice of secretary, a position he held
frora that tirae until 1890 by successive re-
elections. He was elected Secretary of State
in 1890 and in 1892 was re-elected. He was
secretary for a nuraber of years and is now
president of the Champlain VaUey Associa
tion for the Promotion of Agriculture and
the Mechanic Arts, and is a director of the
electric street railway company.
He has the management and personal su
pervision of the large estate of his late father,
C. W. Brownell.
In 1873 Mr. BrowneU received the degree
of A. M. from his alraa raater. He is a Con
gregationalist in his religious preferences.

BRUCE.

BUGBEE.

Mr. BrowneU married, Oct. 12, 1875, Elva
M., daughter of the late Baxter and Laura
(Chase) Brigham of Westford. Four chil
dren have been born to them : Carl Brig
ham, Elva Mabel, Chauncey Sherman, and
Henry Chase.
BRUCE, George Asa, of South Shafts
bury, son of Charles M. and Phebe (Smith)
Bruce, was born in Danby, June 17, 1857.
He received his early education at the
district schools and at the hands of a private
tutor, followed by a course at Burr and Bur
ton Seminary, and graduated from WiUiaras
CoUege with the class of '79.
Following his graduation Mr. Bruce for
a time was a bookkeeper, and in 1881 he
located at Sioux City, la., where he became
a member of the firm of CottreU, Bruce &
Co., wholesale and retail dealers in farm
implements, when he returned East and con
nected himseU with the Waterbury Clock
Co., of Waterbury, Conn., in the capacity of
bookkeeper and cashier, remaining with

of North Bennington, and Temple Chapter
and Taft Commandery No. 8, of Bennington.
Mr. Bruce married at South Shaftsbury,
May 27, 1880, May V., daughter of William
P. and Sarah C. Mattison. Of this union is
one son : Kenneth Mattison.
BUGBEE, Herman, of North Pomfret,
was born Nov. 21, 1834, in Pomfret, the son
of Rufus and Elizabeth (Hunter) Bugbee.
His father was a captain of railitia, justice

GEORGE ASA BRUCE.
thera until 1887, since which tirae he has
been engaged in the mercantile business as
a member of the firra of W. P. Mattison &
Son, of South Shaftsbury.
Mr. Bruce has afifiUated with the RepubU
can party, and by that body has been
honored with many positions of trust, being
at the present postmaster and chairman of
the Repubhcan town committee.
He is a member of the Phi Betta Kappa,
and also of the Blue Lodge, Tucker No. 48,

HERMAN BUGBEE.

of the peace, and a highly respected citizen
of the town. Mr. Bugbee was educated in
the coraraon schools of Porafret, and has
spent the greater portion of his life upon the
old horaestead farm settled by his grand
father, Abial Bugbee, in 1788, except from
March, 1862, tUl June, 1874, he was in Bos
ton with Sampson, Davenport & Co. In this
occupation he traveled extensively in New
York and New England.
Mr. Bugbee possesses fine musical ability,
and is a well known instructor in the art in
the neighborhood of Pomfret ; this in addi
tion to his labor as a progressive farmer and
dairyman. Republican in politics, he has fiUed raany
positions of trust. In 1890 elected to the
Legislature, he served on the Grand List
committee. In [867 he married Eunice E., daughter
of Stephen S. and Deborah Stinson, of Tops
ham, Me. His wife died July 26, 1887, and
their only chUd, Earle Rufus, in infancy.

BUCKHAM.
BUCKHAM, Mathew Henry, of Bur
lington, son of Rev. James Buckham, was
born July 4, 1832, at Hinckley, Leicester
shire, England.
He pursued his preparatory studies in the
academy at ElUngton, Conn., and also at a
private school in Canada. Entering the
University of Vermont in September, 1847,
he graduated from it in August, 1851.
He was principal of the Lenox Acaderay
at Lenox, Mass., from 1851 to 1853. In
September of the latter year he became tutor
of languages in the University of Vermont.
In August, 1854, he sailed for Europe, spent
there two years in travel and study, and
returned in 1856 to enter upon a professor
ship in the University of Vermont. He
occupied the chair of Greek in that institu
tion from 1856 to 187 1, and also performed
the duties of professor of English literature
from 1865 to 1871. In August of the latter
year he was elected to the presidency of the
University, and was duly inaugurated as the
successor of Dr. Jaraes B. AngeU. President
Buckham received the degree of D. D. from
Dartraouth College in 1877, and also in the
sarae year from Hamilton CoUege, N. Y.
With aU the educational interests of Vermont
he was intimately identified as a member of
the State Board of Education from 1867 to
1874. His pubUshed writings have princi
paUy taken the form of articles in reviews
and educational publications ; of addresses,
sermons, etc.
He raarried on the 3d of December, 1857,
Elizabeth Wright of Shoreham.
BULKLEY, George, of Moretown,
son of Roger G. and Sally (Taylor) Bulkley,
was born in BerUn, Sept. 11, 1815.
Roger G. Bulkley was a native of Colches
ter, Conn. He graduated from Yale CoUege
and afterward studied law at Montpelier. He
was admitted to the Orleans county bar in
1809 and practiced law in Williamstown until
the war of 181 2, when he enlisted and served
throughout the struggle. He purchased a
farm in 181 8 but still continued in the
practice of law.
The early education of George Bulkley
was liraited to the common schools of Dux
bury. He commenced the manufacture of
sashes and blinds, and afterward, in connec
tion with his brother-in-law, purchased the
old cloth dressing mill at Moretown and
put in a plant for a saw mill and also for
making doors, sashes, and bUnds. He pur
chased the entire interest of the business in
1861, but sold it in 1879. During much of
this period he had owned and carried on a
smaU farm, and since 1883 has resided with
his daughter, Mrs. Haylett of Moretown.
Mr. Bulkley cast his first electoral vote for
Martin Van Buren and was an adherent of

BULLOCK.

49

the Democratic party until 1864, when he
was elected to the Legislature as a war Dem
ocrat, since which time he has been a
Republican. He has passed through the
usual routine of town and county ofifices.

GEORGE BULKLEY.

In 1848 he was united to Sarah, daughter
of Hubbard and Lucy (Redway) Guernsey
of Montpeher, and of this marriage three
children have been born : Clara (wife of Dr.
James Haylett, died in 1877), George W.,
and Lilla (second wife of Dr. Jaraes Haylett) .
An extensive reader, he stiU raanifests a
lively interest in local and public affairs,
enjoying the esteera and confidence of the
coraraunity. BULLOCK, Elmer J., of Readsboro,
son of James and Cynthia (Baker) Bullock,
was born in Whitingham, July 21, 1849.
He was educated in the comraon schools
of Readsboro. After leaving school he
served as clerk in several stores in Verraont
and Massachusetts. In 1870 he entered
into partnership with his father in a general
store in Readsboro. In 1882 he sold out
and engaged in the real estate and insurance
business in North Adams, Mass. In 1885
he returned to Readsboro, and in 1886
formed a partnership with his mother, under
the name of E. J. Bullock & Co. It was
through the influence of Mr. Bullock that the
telephone line from North Adams to Jack
sonville was built, and he was president of
the company until the line was sold to the
New England Systera. He had also much

5°

BUNKER.

BUNKER.

to do with the organization of the Readsboro
Chair Manufacturing Co., and has been
its secretary and treasurer ever since. Mr.
Bullock worked unceasingly until Reads
boro had a good water systera and ample
protection against fire. In 1891 the firra
built the Bullock block at a cost of ;J> 10,000,
in which they at present do business.

ELMER J. BULLOCK.
Mr. Bullock has never cared to enter into
poUtical life, though frequently urged to do
so.
BUNKER, Charles Albert, of
Peacham, son of Alfred and Mary Emerson
(Hodgdon) Bunker, was born at Barnstead,
N. H., July 21, 1840.
He attended the public schools of Barn
stead, and then was a pupU of the Pittsfield
Academy for three years, afterwards pursuing
his studies at Phillips and Pembroke Acade
mies. He entered Dartmouth College in
the fall of i860, teaching during the winters
throughout his college course in the home
district in Barnstead, and Pennacook, N.H.,
Waitsfield, Vt., and Barnstable, Mass. Soon
after his graduation in 1864, he was made
the principal of Mclndoes Falls Academy,
Barnet, and two years after was called to
Peacham as principal of Caledonia county
grararaar school, an institution which was
chartered in 1795, opened in 1797, and is
now styled the Peacham Acaderay.
WhUe at Dartmouth Mr. Bunker ranked
high as a student, as he has since in his pro

fession. He was a raeraber of the Psi Upsi
lon and Phi Beta Kappa societies. In 1867
he received frora his alraa mater the degree
of A. M. In 1869 he was elected town
superintendent of Peacham, which oflfice he
held sixteen years, and was always a strong
advocate of the town system of schools. In
1883 he was elected president of the Ver
raont State Teachers' Association.
An adherent of the Repubhcan party, he
has held the rainor town ofifices, and in 1886
was chosen state senator from Caledonia
county, and served as chairman of the com
mittee on education, and was a member of
that on federal relations. Re-elected in.
1888, he again acted as chairman of the
educational committee, also served on the
special coraraittee on teraperance legislation.
The next year he was made a member of the
Caledonia County Board of Education.
Mr. Bunker was married May 20, 1869, to
Nellie, only daughter of Dr. Jeremiah and
Adeline (Carroll) Blake.
He is a member of the Congregational
church, and all his life has labored in the
Sabbath school. He exerted great influence

CHARLES ALBERT BUNKER.

in the Senate, availed himself of every op
portunity to benefit the cause of education,
and was specially interested in passing the
law requiring scientific temperance instruc
tion in the public schools. He has written
much which has been printed in different
periodicals and lectured upon various educa
tional, social and poUtical topics.

BURDETT.
BURDETT, JESSE, of Rutland, son of
Jacob and Rebecca (Talbot) Burdett, was
born in Brookhne, Jan. 19, 1826.
When quite young his family reraoved to
Newfane, where having received his educa
tion in the pubUc schools, he was appren
ticed to learn the trade of a blacksmith, and
followed this employment for eleven years.
After a short interval, during which he
worked at his vocation in Brattieboro, he
removed to Arhngton, where he has since
resided and where he was appointed station
agent. In 1852 he became conductor on
the passenger train running frora Rutland to
Troy on the Western Vt. R. R., now the
Bennington & Rutiand. In i860 he was
employed in a similar position on the Hud
son River road, between Albany and New
York, and afterwards acted as trainmaster in
the eraploy of the same corporation. In
1 87 1 he was appointed superintendent of
the Rutland division of the Central Vt. R.
R., which position he now holds, making his
headquarters at Rutland.
Mr. Burdett is a Democrat in his pohtical
creed, and though he has never occupied
himself in office-seeking, he has held many
minor offices in Arlington and represented
that town in the Legislature in 1857, but of
late years he has been obhged by his profes
sional duties to be so frequently away frora
his home, that he has not been eligible for
the discharge of the responsibihties of any
position of pubUc trust.
He is a member of St. James' Episcopal
¦Church in Arlington, of which he has been a
vestryman for more than twenty years.
Mr. Burdett married, Oct. 21, 185 1,
'Cornelia C, daughter of John C. and
Amanda. (HiU) Lathrop, by whora he has
¦one son : John L.

BUTLER.

51

& A. M., district deputy of 13th district, and
member of Tucker Chapter of Morrisville.
He married, July 4, 187 1, Abbie A.,
daughter of Hon. Richard F. and Sophronia
(Andrews) Parker. One child was born to
them : Harry Parker.
BUTLER, FRED Mason, of Rutland,
son of Aaron and Emeline (Muzzey) Butler,
was born in Jamaica, May 28, 1854. His
great-grandfather, Aaron Butler, settled in
Jamaica about the time of the close of the
Revolutionary war. His grandfather, Aaron,
with the assistance of his brothers (their
father having died while he was an infant),
made a clearinsr in the forest and erected a

BURNELL, Milo S., of Wolcott, son
¦of Chester A. and Amanda A. (Skeels) Bur-
nell, was born in Swanton, Aug. 18, 1846.
From the age of thirteen he supported
himself, working whenever he found an
opportunity to gain his UveUhood, and in
1868 he began to read law in the office of
the Hon. Richard F. Parker of Wolcott. In
1 87 1, at the advent of the P. & O. R. R., he
was appointed depot master at Wolcott, and
has continued in this employment ever since,
though to some extent occupying himself
with the bark and lumber trade.
He has served both as deputy sheriff and
sheriff of his county and has been elected to
both branches of the Legislature, where he
has been chairman and member of several
important committees, as weU as filUng the
principal town ofifices.
As a Mason, Mr. BurneU has been Wor-
.shipful Master of Mineral Lodge, No. 93 F.

FRED MASON BUTLER.

frame house in place of the log cabin.
Aaron Mason Butler, the father of the sub
ject of the present sketch, was a prosperous
farraer, and held at different times nearly aU
of the most important town ofifices.
Fred Mason Butler was educated in the
public schools of Jamaica and at Leland and
Gray Seminary. Before leaving school he
had resolved upon a professional career, and
began the study of law with Jonathan G
Eddy, Esq., of Jamaica, and afterward spent
a year and a half in the ofifice of Hon. E. L.
Waterman and Hon. H. H. Wheeler.
He was admitted to the Windham county
bar at the March term of court, 1877, and
during the sarae summer entered into a co
partnership with Hon. Joel C. Baker of Rut
land, which was discontinued at the end of a

52

BUTTERFIELD.

BUTTERFIELD.

year. He then practiced alone for a time,
but early in 1879 he formed a copartner
ship with Hon. L. W. Redington, which
arrangement continued six years. In 1884
he formed a partnership with Hon. Thomas
W. Moloney, which copartnership continues
at the present tirae.
Mr. Butler was attorney for the defence in
State vs. O'Neil ; was counsel for respondent
in the notes cases entitled in re Bridget
Kennedy, Jaraes Kennedy and Patrick
Ready, reported in Vol. 55, p. i, of the
Vermont Reports ; was the leading attorney
in the cases entitled Vaughan vs. Congdon
and Riley vs. Mclnlear, Est. ; counsel for
municipality in Bates vs. Village of Rutlancl,
Bates vs. Horner et al, also fully reported,
and in raany other important cases which an
examination of the Vermont Report will dis
close. He is a RepubUcan, has been town grand
juror and city attorney. He held the posi
tion of city attorney until he was appointed
judge of the municipal court ; and was suc
cessively re-appointed to that ofifice by Gov
ernors Dillingham, Page and Fuller. Upon
the organization of the city government, he
was appointed judge of city court, which
ofifice he now holds.
He has been a director of the New
England Fire Insurance Co. since its
organization, and obtained the charter of
the corporation from the Legislature. He
became a raeraber of the Rutland Bar Asso
ciation when he estabhshed hiraself in Rut
land ; and is also a raeraber of the Vermont
Bar Association, having served on several of
its important committees.
On Nov. 25, 187s, he raarried LilUan,
daughter of Josiah and Octavia (Knight)
Holton of Dummerston, and has three chil
dren : Anza, Helen, and Florence.
BUTTERFIELD, ALFRED HARVEY, of
North Troy, son of Nathan S. and Mary
(Hatch) Butterfield, was born in LoweU,
Sept. 5, 1857.
Mr. Butterfield is of the eighth in lineal
descent from Benjamin Butterfield of Eng
land, who was the first one of the name to
settle in America. His grandfather, Joseph
Butterfield, was the ninth settler who estab
lished his household in the town of LoweU,
Vt., removing thence from Dunstable, Mass.,
in 1 8 10. He comes of Revolutionary ances
try on both sides ; his great-grandfather,
John Hatch, was a coraraissioned ofificer in
the war of 181 2.
Mr. Butterfield received a common school
education, which he afterwards supple
mented at the viUage academy at Water
bury. He was a resident of Burlington for
several years tiU 1878, when he took up his
abode in North Troy, where he raade hira

self master of the printer's trade. Three
years sufficed to give hira a practical expe
rience of that vocation, and he purchased
from his uncle the North Troy Palladium in
conjunction with C. R. Jamason. This con
nection lasted for six months, when Mr. But
terfield bought out the interest of his partner
and since that time has been sole proprietor
of the paper.
He espoused, June 22, 1880, Gertrude E.,
daughter of Mitchell and Henrietta (Porter)
Hunt. Their union has been blessed with
four children : Alfred Mitchell, Hugh Har
vey, Ross Hunt, and Mary Ruth.

ALFRED HARVEY BUTTERFIELD.
Mr. Butterfield is affiliated with the Pro
testant Episcopal church, and for three years
he has been secretary and treasurer of the
local society, the Church of St. Augustine. ••
He is a staunch supporter of the princi
ples of the Republican party, has served as
town clerk and as chairman of the Republi
can town committee, chairman of that on
text books, and several minor positions.
Since 1890 he has been clerk of the North
Troy Corporation, and the previous year
was appointed a deputy collector of customs
at Newport, where he remained tiU 1890,
when he returned to North Troy as deputy
in charge. This position he voluntarily re
linquished, Nov. I, 1893, and resumed the
active management of the Palladium.
BUTTERFIELD, EZRA TURNER, late
of Jacksonville, son of Deacon Zenas and
Sally (Turner) Butterfield, was born in'Dum-

BUTTERFIELD.
merston, AprU 14, 1815, and died May i,
1887. His education was obtained at the
Uttiefred schoolhouse on the hiU, "the glory
of Puritan New England," and at the age of
twenty he removed to Wilmington, where he
became one of the most progressive farmers.
For a short time he was engaged in trade,
but agriculture was the chief occupation of
his Ufe. For forty years justice of the peace,
he was also assistant judge of the county
court several years. In 1886 he received an

BUTTERFIELD.

S3

BUTTERFIELD, A. AUGUSTINE, of
Jacksonville, son of Ezra Turner and Mary
(Leonard) Butterfield, was born in Wilming
ton, June 25, 1844.
Educated in the common and high school
of Wilmington and by private tutors, he read
law with the late Charles N. Davenport and
Hon. Abisha Stoddard, and was admitted to
the bar April 30, 1867. In 1868 he rerao\-ed
to the village of JacksonviUe, where he has
since resided and practiced law, excepting
one year in Massachusetts. Mr. Butterfield
has always taken a deep interest in educa
tional matters and has held all the district,
town and county ofifices connected with this
departraent. He has also devoted much
attention to insurance and for some years
has been a director in the Union Mutual Fire
Insurance Co. of Montpelier, has been a
master in chancery twenty-two years, and
twenty years justice of the peace.
As a RepubUcan, he represented the town
in i88o-'82 and was the originator of the biU
taxing telephone and telegraph companies,
which was the father of the present corpora
tion tax law of Vermont. He was also state's
attorney i882-'84 and senator i888-'90.

EZRA TURNER BUTTERFIELD.
appointment frora the Departraent of Agri
culture at Washington, which failing health
compelled him to decUne ; was representa
tive from Wilmington in the Legislature in
1857. In the old "June Training'' days Judge
Butterfield was captain of the first company
27 th Regt. Vt. MiUtia. In his early youth he
became a member of the Free WiU Baptist
church in Dummerston and was church clerk
at the age of nineteen, and later in Whit
ingham, and was the last clerk of the Whit
ingham society, but after this denomination
had quitted their field of labor in the vicin
ity he attended the M. E. Church, Uberally
contributing to its support and laboring for
many years in the Bible class. He was a
man of pleasant address and much given to
anecdote. Judge Butterfield was wedded, Jan. i,
1835, to Mary, daughter of Rev. Abner and
Chloe (Bucklin) Leonard and by her had ;
Mary Angelia, Sarah Ameha, Oscar E., A.
Augustine, and Lucius Alonzo.

A. AUGUSTINE BUTTERFIELD.

Made a Mason at the age of twenty-two,
he has been several times Master of his lodge,
was twice district deputy G. M., and is now
chairman of an important coraraittee in the
Grand Lodge of Verraont. He is deeply
interested in genealogy and is preparing a
history of the Butterfield faraily.

54

BUTTERFIELD.

BUTl'ERFIELD.

He is a member of the Baptist church,
and one of the board of managers of the
Verraont Baptist State Convention.
October 2, 1869, he raarried Marcia
Sophia, daughter of Rufus and EUzabeth
(Winn) Edwards Brown, by whora he has
had two sons and six daughters, two of whom
are deceased.
BUTTERFIELD, FREDERICK DAVID,
of Derby Line, son of David and Elmira
Ward (RandaU) Butterfield, was born in
Rockingham, May 14, 1838.
He was educated at the coramon schools
and the Saxton's River Acaderay. Choosing

FREDERICK DAVID BUTTERFIELD.
a practical business education rather than a
coUege course, he, at the early age of sixteen
entered the hardware house of A. & J. H.
Wentworth of Bellows FaUs. In 1859 he re
moved to Derby Line and became con
nected with the house of Foster & Cobb.
At the breaking out of the rebelUon he
gave up his business prospects and entered
the Union army, enlisting as a private in
Co. B, 8th Vt. Vols., and was successively
promoted to 2d lieutenant, ist lieutenant
and captain. The original term of service
for the regiment expired June i, 1864 ; Col.
Butterfield however remained in service some
time thereafter, but after his carapaigns in
Louisiana and Texas, he became so utterly
broken in health that an immediate return to
the North was the only means of saving his
life. He accordingly resigned his commis
sion August 6, 1864. Early in 1862 he was

detached from his regiment and appointed to
a position in the signal corps, where he re
mained during the balance of his military
service. In the capacity of a signal officer
he was attached to the personal staff of Gen
eral Godfrey Weitzel, General Butier, Gen
eral Franklin and General Dana. At the
battie of Labadieville, La., while carrying an
order under a terrific fire he had his horse
shot from under him by a sheU from the
enemy, narrowly escaping instant death.
For his gallantry on this occasion he was
comphraented in general orders. His ser
vices were highly appreciated in the signal
corps. In 1888 he was appointed an aid-de-camp
with the rank of colonel on the staff of Gov.
Williara P. DilUnghara. On his return from
the army he engaged in business at Derby
Line until 1866, when he was appointed
deputy collector of custoras for that port,
which ofifice he retained untU 1872, when he
resigned to engage in the manufacture of
the Reece sewing machine. On account of
the panic of i873-'75 this business failed of
success, and in 1879 he commenced the
manufacture of taps and dies. Beginning
with a small force of men, by careful and
painstaking efforts, he graduaUy built up a
large and important industry. The works
are located at Derby Line, with a second
complete plant at Rock Island, P. Q. The
firm is known as Butterfield & Co., and they
manufacture taps and dies and tools for en
gineers' and steam fitters' use. In 1888 his
younger brother. Gen. F. G. Butterfield,
became associated with him in business.
Colonel Butterfield is a member of Golden
Rule Lodge, F. & A. M., of Stanstead,
Canada, a meraber of Golden Rule R. A. C.
at Sherbrooke, a member of Sussex Precep-
tory Knights Templar of Stanstead, of which
he has been Eminent Coramander. Is a
raeraber of Baxter Post, G. A. R., at New
port, a charter raeraber of the Vermont
Comraandery of the MiUtary Order of the
Loyal Legion, U. S. ; a member of the Ver
raont Society of the Sons of the American
Revolution and nuraerous other railitary and
social organizations.
At Stanstead, P. Q., Oct. 8, 1868, he
married EUen Jeannette Morrill, daughter of
Ozro and Charlotte JuUette (YYay) Morrill,
who died July 5, 1874, leaving two daugh
ters : Charlotte, and EUen.
BUTTERFIELD, FRANKLIN GEORGE,
of Derby Line, son of David and Elmira
Ward (RandaU) Butterfield, was born in
Rockingham, May 11, 1842.
He attended the comraon schools and
Saxtons River Academy, and entered Mid
dlebury CoUege in 1859. Entering the army
in the faU of his junior year he did not grad-

56

BUTTERFIELD.

uate with his class. After the war of the
rebellion, however, Middlebury CoUege con
ferred on him the degree of Master of Arts.
October 4, 1861, he enUsted at Middlebury
as a private in Co. A, 6th Vt. Vols. He was
promoted successively to 2d lieutenant, ist
lieutenant, captain, and, on October 21,
1864, to Ueutenant-colonel, commanding the
regiment, at the age of twenty-two years.
Having been seriously wounded, he was
obhged to reUnquish his command and
tendered his resignation. He served with
his regiment, which was a part of the " Old
Vermont Brigade," in the 6th Army Corps
through its campaigns in Virginia with the
army of the Potomac, participating in aU its
battles up to 1865. He was first in battie
at Lees Mills, April 16, 1862, where he dis
tinguished himself by carrying off the field
Capt. E. F. Reynolds of Rutland, who had
been mortally wounded. Later in the
Peninsular carapaign, he was raentioned in
general orders for conspicuous gallantry at
the battle of Golding's Farra and also two
days later at White Oak Swamp, both engage
ments being a part of the seven days' fight.
During the year 1863, including the Chan
cellorsville, Gettysburg and Mine Run cam
paigns, he served as an aid-de-camp on the
staff of Maj.-Gen. Lewis A. Grant, command
ing the Vermont Brigade. In May of that
year at Banks Ford he again attracted notice
by his bearing under fire. The foUowing
year, at the battle of the Wilderness, though
his command was literally cut to pieces, he
brought off his surviving troops in good
order, and was promptly engaged with the
enemy in the advance at dayUght in the fol
lowing morning. Throughout his service
his conduct was such as to win the com
mendation of his superiors, and he was
awarded a raedal of honor from Congress
" for gallantry at Salem Heights." The gen
eral comraanding the army, in making the
recoramendation, said : " The record of
Lieutenant-Colonel Butterfield is an exceed
ingly brilliant one, his conduct on several
separate occasions well merited a raedal of
honor, but the affair of May 4, 1863, is prob
ably the one raost worthy of such special
recognition, since Colonel Butterfield not
only displayed there his accustomed bravery,
but also soldierly quaUties of a high order."
After the close of the war, the Legislature
of Vermont in joint assembly unanimously
elected him judge advocate general of the
state, with the rank of brigadier-general, as
a recognition of his faithful service with his
command and his gallant conduct in the
field. Frora 1865 to 1877 he was engaged in
mercantile pursuits at Saxtons River. In
August, 1877, he comraanded a brigade of
veterans at the celebration of the looth

BUTTERFIELD.
anniversary of the battie of Bennington. In
that year he returned to his original inten
tion, broken up by his army service, the
study of law. In 1880 he was appointed by
President Hayes supervisor of census, and
had charge of the state of Vermont in the
taking of the tenth census. On completion
of this work he was selected by the Presi
dent, the Secretary of the Interior, and Gen.
Francis A. AValker, superintendent of the
tenth census, to take charge of the investiga
tion of the alleged census frauds in the state
of South Carolina. Leaving Vermont early
in November he remained in South Caro
Una tiU Feb. I, 1 88 1, when he returned to
Washington and made his report. A previ
ous investigation had been raade which
had proved unsatisfactory. General Butter
field's report settled this vexed question to
the entire satisfaction of aU parties. He was
urged by General Walker to reraain in Wash
ington to assist in completing the work of
the tenth census, and consented. In 1882
he was transferred to the Bureau of Pensions,
where he served through all the various
grades and became a principal examiner in
July, 1884. In 1890 he was made chief of
the special examination division and during
that year had three hundred and fifty special
agents in the field and an ofifice force' of
upwards of one hundred. Finding the work
much in arrears, he brought it up to date
and in a period of three years had reduced
the expenditure of that division in the hand
some sum of ^426,000. In 1888 he formed
business connections in Vermont and in July,
1892, after great reluctance on the part of
the Secretary of the Interior and Commis
sioner of Pensions, his resignation was ac
cepted, and he returned to Vermont to devote
his entire time to private business. He is
associated with his brother. Col. F. D. But
terfield, under the firm narae of Butterfield
& Co., in the manufacture of taps and dies
and other thread cutting tools at Derby Line.
General Butterfield is a charter member of
Lodge of Temple, No. 94, F. & A. M., of Bel
lows Falls ; a charter member of Abenaqui R.
A. Chapter No. 19 of sarae place, of which
he has been High Priest ; member of Hugh
de Payn's Commandery Knights Templar of
Keene, N. H. ; meraber of E. H. Stoughton
Post G. A. R. of Bellows FaUs ; has been a
member of the Department and National
staff ; is a charter member of the Vermont
Commandery of the MiUtary Order of the
Loyal Legion of the United States, having
previously been one of the ofificers of the
District of Columbia Comraandery of Wash
ington, D. C. ; meraber of the District of
Colurabia Society of the Sons of the Amer
ican Revolution, having served as vice-
president of the same, and for several years
one of the board of managers and was a

CAMP.
member of the National Congress of the
order ; was vice-president of the Society of
the Army of the Potomac in 1893, and is
also connected with various other social and
raiUtary societies.
On June i, 1866, he raarried Maria Smith

CAMP.

57

Frost, only daughter of Benjamin and Phebe
Ann (Smith) Frost. They have two chil
dren : Benjamin Frost (U. S. Consular
Agent at Stanstead, P. Q., born April 25,
1867), and Esther Elraira (born August 4,
1871).

CAMP, Erastus C, of Orange, was
born in Orange, March 8, 1823. He was
the son of George and Lydia (Paine) Camp.
Erastus was the oldest of a family of four
sons and one daughter.

Piatt. Three children
Homer D., Clayton
(deceased).

were born to them :
F., and Oscar F.

ERASTUS C. CAMP.

Educated in the common schools of Or
ange, and Newbury Acaderay, he reraained
with his father until he was twenty-three
years old, when he married and moved to
one of the finest upland farms in Orange
county, where he, still active and energetic,
now resides, and carries his years lightly.
A stalwart Republican, he has held most
of the town ofifices during the past twenty
years. He represented Orange in i864-'65
and again in 1888, and was senator from
Orange county in 1890. A plain, practical
man of sterling common sense, he was
¦elected by the town of Orange during the
war as a special agent for the enUstment of
recruits. He married, April 14, 1846, CaroUne E.,
daughter of David and Eleanor (Fuller)

CAMP, Lyman L., of Elmore, son of
Abel and Charlotte (Taplin) Camp, was born
in Elmore, June 10, 1838. Of EngUsh
descent, his grandfather served under Israel
Putnam. His father, Abel Camp, a life-long
citizen of Elmore, three times represented
his native town in the Legislature.
He was educated in the public schools of
Elmore and at Barre Academy and then
worked for a time on farms in Wolcott and
Barre. After his return from the war he
bought a farm near that of his father, and
in 1889 came into possession of the old
homestead. A Republican in politics, he has repeat
edly held many important town ofifices, and
represented Elmore in the Legislature. He
was also a raeraber of the advisory council
on farm culture and cereal industry at the
World's Exposition at Chicago.
In June, 1861, Mr. Camp enlisted as a
private in Co. E, 3d Regt. Vt. Vols. He
was with his company in the skirmish at
Warwick Creek near the old historic field at
Yorktown. He afterwards participated in
the battles at Williamsburg, the seven days'
fight, battle of Savage Station, second and
third battles of Fredericksburg Heights,
Salem Church, Funkestown, Brandy Station,
Antietam, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North
and South Anna, Cold Harbor, and Peters
burg. He was twice hit, but not wounded,
luckily escaping unharraed in aU these con
tests. He was discharged July 27, 1864. Mr.
Camp is a member of the J. M. Warren
Post, No. 4, G. A. R. of Morrisville.
He married, March 19, 1868, Hattie E.,
daughter of Thaddeus and Miranda White
of Wolcott. Four children were born to
them : Elmer, Mary Gertrude (Mrs. Henry
Puffer of Richford), Abel Newton, and Lucy
(deceased). CAMPBELL, Alfred H., of Johnson,
son of Smith and Sophia (HiUs) CampbeU,
was born in Litchfield, N. H., Sept. 28,
1850. Bred on a farra, Mr. CampbeU received
his early education in the Nashua high

CAMPBELL.

CAMPBELL.

school. New London Academy, State Nor
mal School at Bridgewater, Mass., and Mt.
Vernon Academy. He graduated from
Dartmouth College with the degree of A. B.
in 1877, receiving the degree of A. M. in
1880, and, having completed the post
graduate course, that of Ph. D., from the
University of Verraont in 1888.
After teaching in the public schools and
serving as principal of Kingston, N. H.,
Academy three years, and associate princi
pal of Cushing Academy, Ashburnham,
Mass., five years, he was elected and has
been for ten years principal of the State
Normal School at Johnson. An extensive
traveler in this country, he has twice visited

ALFRED H. CAMPBELL.

Europe and devoted much time to the study
of the school systeras of different nations.
He has been very successful in his adminis
tration of the State Normal School at Johnson.
A member of the Repubhcan party, he
has never devoted much time to politics,
confining his energies to the educational
field. An ofificer of the American Institute
of Instruction, and a member of the Na
tional Educational Association, he is now
(1893) president of the New England Nor
mal Council, and also president of the Ver
raont State Teachers' Association. He was
appointed by Governor Page county exam
iner of Lamoille county in 1 891, and was for
years secretary, and now holds the office of
president of the LamoiUe County Sunday
School Association and chairraan of its
executive coraraittee.

Dr. Campbell is a member of Waterman
Lodge, No. 83, F. & A. M., and serves the
lodge as chaplain. He is a member of the
Congregational church in Johnson and one
of its deacons. He has been licensed as a
minister, and occasionally suppUes the pulpit
in the vicinity of his horae.
He married, Nov. 29, 1877, Hattie E.,
daughter of N. ^V. Winchester, who died
Feb. II, 1888. Of this raarriage were born
four children : Arthur W., Hattie Louise,
Carrol Alfred, and AUce Gary. In a second
union. Dr. Campbell was married to Carrie
L. Kingsley of Rutland, March 27, 1890.
(She died. May 16, 1891.) On July 20,
1893, he married Marian E., daughter of A.
P. Blake of Boston.
CAMPBELL, Wallace H., of Roches
ter, son of George M. and Philette (Pear
sons) CarapbeU, was born July 18, 1854, in
Brockton, Mass.
George M. CarapbeU was a native of Ver
mont, to which state he returned before his
son was a year old. The latter was educated
at the coramon schools of Rochester and at
Springfield Academy. Bereft of paternal
guidance by the death of his father, he car
ried on the old homestead at the age of
eighteen. He then emigrated to California
and remained there three years as foreman in
an estabUshment for reducing gold ore. In
1879 he returned to Rochester, where he
engaged in the hardware business for ten
years with great success.
Mr. CarapbeU married, Sept. 10, 1882, Eva,
daughter of Orlando and Helen (Sterling)
Kenedy of GranviUe. The fruits of this
marriage are : Leon, Adolph (died in in
fancy), Helen Catherine, and Jessie.
A member of the Republican party, Mr.
CarapbeU has been six years member of the
town coramittee and justice of the peace,
and was the town representative in i892-'93,
a school director, and sugar inspector of
Rochester. He is a member of the Masonic
order, belonging to Rural Lodge of Roches
ter, to Whitney Chapter R. A. M., and the
Montpelier Comraandery of K. T.
CANFIELD, Thomas Hawley, son of
Samuel and Mary A. (Hawley) Canfield, was
born in Arlington, March 29, 1822. He de
scended on the father's side from Thomas
Canfield, descendant of James de Philo, a
French Huguenot, who came from Yorkshire,
Eng., to Milford, Conn., in 1646, while his
maternal ancestor was Joseph Hawley, who
was born in Derbyshire, Eng., in the earliest
years of the seventeenth century and emi
grated to Stratford, Conn., where he died in
1690. Nathan Canfield, the great-grandson
of Thomas Canfield, reraoved to Ariington
in 1768, and was the grandfather of the
subject of this sketch.

m

-M

.....ji^^mitM

'•t

¦6o

CANFIELD.

CANFIELD.

During the early trouble arising from the
disputes concerning the New Hampshire
grants, the Canfields, Hawleys, Hards,
AUens and Bakers were the raost prominent
leaders in the struggle.
Thomas Hawley Canfield was brought up
on a farm and his early education was re
ceived in the comraon schools of the place
of his nativity. Evincing a strong desire for
a more extended course of study than these
institutions could afford he was placed by
his father at Burr Seminary in Manchester,
where he remained until he was fitted for
college at the age of fourteen. Not desiring
to commence his undergraduate course at
this early age, he returned home and for two
years worked on the farra, then was trans
ferred to the Troy Episcopal Institute, with
reference to a scientific course of study, but
while there was persuaded by Bishop Alonzo
Potter, then acting president of Union Col
lege, Schenectady, to abandon his idea of
becoraing an engineer, and he entered the
junior class in the last named institution in
the faU of 1839.
Before the completion of his coUegiate
course, however, he was summoned to Ver
mont by the sudden death of his father, and
as he considered the duty he owed to his
mother and only sister pararaount to his own
wishes, he again took up the burden of farm
life, but finding agricultural labor too severe
for his slender constitution, he removed in
1844 to WiUiston, where he became a mer
chant. Mr. Canfield was married in 1844 to EUz
abeth A., only daughter of Eli Chittenden, a
grandson of the first Governor of Vermont.
She died in 1848, and he was subsequently
united to CaroUne A., daughter of the Right
Reverend John Henry Hopkins, D. D., L-
L. D., first Bishop of Vermont, by whom he
had two sons and three daughters ; Emily,
John Henry Hopkins, Marian, Flora, and
Thoraas H., Jr.
In 1847 Mr. Canfield reraoved to Burling
ton, where he still resides, and here became
a member of the firm of Bradley & Canfield,
who carried on large wholesale stores and
warehouses on the wharf at Burlington ; also
ran Unes of boats to New York and Mont
real. About this time. Professor Morse hav
ing brought his telegraph into operation,
Mr. Canfield ^•isited A^ergennes, OrweU, Mid
dlebury, Rutland, and many other towns
along the line, securing stock and organizing
the company connecting these places with
Troy, N. Y., and Montreal in February,
1848. The following year the firra of
Bradley & Canfield, with two or three
other parties, were concerned in building
a railroad from Bellows Falls to Burling
ton by way of Rutland, which was com
pleted Dec. 19 of that year. He also.

in conjunction with others, was engaged
in constructing the Rutiand & ^Vashington,
the Ogdensburg, as well as many other rail
ways in New York and Pennsylvania. From
the great knowledge he had already acquired
of transportation, the services of Mr. Can-
field were eagerly sought as superintendent
and afterwards president of the Rutland &
Washington R. R., of which he subsequently
took a lease, operating it on his own account.
This, it is beheved, was the first railroad in
the United States leased to an individual.
He took a prorainent part in the struggle of
connecting Boston and Burlington by rail
way, when two routes were proposed, one
via Montpeher and Concord, and the other
by Rutland and Fitchburg, he being strongly
in favor of the latter, the result of which
controversey was that both lines were con
structed. In the final disposition of affairs,
the Rutland & Burlington R. R. was left at
Burlington without any through direct con
nection by rail with Ogdensburg or Montreal,
and to meet this defect, as the Rutland road
had not the right by its charter to build and
operate boats, Bradley & Canfield, within
ninety days, constructed a steamer and four
barges with a capacity of three thousand
barrels of flour each and towed them be
tween Burlington and Rouse's Point, thus
enabling the Rutland Une to compete suc
cessfully with the Vermont Central. His
next enterprise was the estabhshment of a
line of propeUers from the upper lakes to
Ogdensburg to connect with the railroad to
Boston and New England, which opened up
for the first time a route for the products of
the West by the lakes and St. Lawrence
river which had heretofore found their out
let only by the Erie Canal and roads from
Albany. While thus engaged he formed the
acquaintance of Mr. Edwin F. Johnson,
one of the most experienced engineers in
America, and from information received
frora him relative to the belt of country
between the great lakes and the Pacific
ocean, he becarae thoroughly impressed with
the importance of a railroad to the Pacific
coast by the Northern route, and he deter
mined to devote his Ufe to the accomplish
ment of that object. As the first active step
toward the enterprise, in 1852, before even
there was any railroad into Chicago from
the East, he contracted with others to build
what is now known as the Chicago &
Northwestern R. R., from Chicago to St.
Paul, Minn., and Fond du Lac, Wis. ^ Mr.
Edwin F. Johnson was made chief engineer
of this railroad. The Hon. Robert J.
^^'alker, Secretary of the Treasury of the
U. S., and other prominent raen were direc
tors. While engaged in the construction of
this raUroad Mr. Canfield and Mr. Johnson
discussed very fully the subject of an over-

CANFIELD.

CANFIELD.

6l

laiid railroad, and Mr. Johnson prepared an
exhaustive treatise embracing their views
upon Pacific railroads, coming to the con
clusion that one by the Northern route was
not only the raost feasible, but important in
a military and coraraercial point of view,
being so near to the British Une.
Mr. Walker learning of this, desired a loan
of the manuscript to lay before his associ
ate in the cabinet of President Pierce, the
Hon. Jefferson Davis, Secretary of War, who
was at that time very desirous to extend the
territory of the South and its "pecuUar insti
tution." Mr. Davis, knowing Mr. Johnson
to be an engineer of extensive knowledge and
whatever he had written was important and
reliable, saw upon examining the paper that
it came in conflict with his cherished plans,
and he carae on to New York and had a per
sonal interview with Mr. Johnson and en
deavored to convince hira that he was in
error and did not reaUze the difficulties of
the Northern route nor appreciate the great
advantages of a Southern one. Mr. John
son listened attentively to what Mr. Davis
had to say and replied "that he had given
the subject much thought and patient inves
tigation, but his conclusions were strictly
logical from the facts and that he had no
doubt of the full verification of his estimates
by actual measurements hereafter to be
made," which have been confirmed since
by the actual surveys of the Northern Pacific
R. R.
Mr. Davis finding that he could not
change the conclusions of Mr. Johnson and
Mr. Canfield, and that the manuscript could
not be suppressed, but would be pubUshed
by them, he, on March 3, 1853, procured
the passage of a resolution by Congress
authorizing him, the Secretary of War, to
make such explorations as he might deem
advisable to ascertain the most practical
route for a railroad to the Pacific coast, hop
ing thereby to discredit the arguments in
favor of the Northern route, which resulted
in sending out the three great Pacific rail
road expeditions and in later years the con
struction of a railroad over each of the three
routes, the Southern being the last to be
built. During the civil struggle, when Colonel
Thomas A. Scott of the Pennsylvania R. R.
was made Assistant Secretary of War and
general manager of transportation of the
armies of the United States he sent for Mr.
Canfield and entrusted to him the charge of
the railroads about Washington as assistant
manager. This was a very trying position,
since every avenue of comraunication by
land and water with the District of Colum
bia was in the hands of the rebels, except
the single iron track between Baltimore and
Washington, over which the three hundred

thousand soldiers for the Army of the Poto
mac were to be transported for the defense
of the Capital, as weU as aU provisions for
man and beast about the city. Never before
or since has so much business been done on
a single track and that, too, without any ac
cident or the loss of a single life. How
promptly, ably and successfully this duty was
discharged by Mr. Canfield the page of his
tory teUs. In connection with these labors
in iDehalf of his country, Mr. Canfield, with
the assistance of Hon. Solomon Foote, re
ceived permission from the government to
raise a cavalry regiment in Vermont and
the result of their efforts was that Col. L. B.
Piatt, with the ist Regt. Vt. Cav., mounted,
armed, and equipped, reported for duty
within sixty days at Washington, rendering
service during the war second to no other
regiraent in the army.
After the close of the struggle, for several
years Mr. Canfield was superintendent of the
steamers on Lake Champlain, but his mind
and thoughts were still absorbed more or
less with his favorite project until he con
ceived and organized the syndicate to con
struct the Northern Pacific R. R., in
connection with which magnificent enter
prise he has gained his chief renown. The
space of this article will hardly permit a
bare mention, much less a detailed account
of his indefatigable labors for many years in
its behalf. One incident, however, out of
very many, may be mentioned, which will
give a sUght idea of the persistence and
energy required to carry this enterprise for
ward. After several years of preliminary
work and advances raade by the syndicate,
as the contract with Messrs. Jay Cooke &
Co. was under consideration for negotiating
the bonds of the corapany, Mr. Cooke re
quired that his own engineers and men
should first examine the country through
which the road was to be built before he
would sign the contract, and if their report
was favorable he would execute it. Mr. Can-
field was selected by the directors of the
Northern Pacific Railroad Co. to conduct
Mr. Cooke's party from the Pacific coast
east and to show them a practicable route
for a railroad. He met them at Salt Lake
City June 9, 1869, took them to Sacramento
by rail, thence by stage nine hundred miles
to Olyrapia, Washington Ter. After ex
ploring the bays and harbors of Puget Sound
he returned to Portland, ascended the Col
urabia river to Walla Walla, then the end of
settlements. Here he fitted out a pack train
of fourteen horses for a trip across the
raountains to Helena, Mont., five hundred
miles on horseback, having to carry on the
backs of the horses all the provisions for the
whole trip from Walla Walla through the In
dian Territory, where there were no roads or

CANFIELD.

CANFIELD.

¦settiers, his party lying on the ground at
night without a tent or other covering except
a blanket. Frora Helena he came on to the
Y'ellowstone river, where Livingstone now is,
¦one thousand miles east from Puget Sound,
which was about as far as Sitting Bull, then
in coramand of that country, would allow
him to come.
In this trip he had to cross the two raain
janges of the Rocky Mountains several tiraes
back and forth to examine diff'erent passes
in order to satisfy Mr. Cooke's engineers
that a line across them was feasible. Once
he encountered an Indian outbreak, having
nearly all his horses stolen by the Indians,
and had this occurred at an earlier stage of
the journey the party might all have per
ished for want of food and transportation.
After being gone four months and traveling
about eight thousand miles, Mr. Canfield
was able to show to the entire satisfaction
of the engineers a practicable route, and,
their report to Mr. Cooke being favorable,
he executed the contract for negotiating
Si 00,000,000 of the bonds of the company,
and the work of construction at last
commenced. It is not a little reraarkable that the route
shown by Mr. Canfield was after subsequent
instrumental surveys adopted by the com
pany, and from the cars now on their course
from Livingstone to the coast can be seen
more or less of the way the identical trail of
Mr. Canfield and his party, and it is difficult
now to believe that such a trip could have
been made by him under such circura
stances, most of the way on horseback,
requiring about sixty days, which is now
made in luxurious sleeping and dining cars
in less than sixty hours.
Notwithstanding the apparently insur
mountable obstacles which presented thera
selves in the course of the long and bitter
struggle to effect this object, the fact that it
twice almost lost its charter, which was
mainly saved by the active vigilance of Mr.
Canfield, the discouraging opposition of the
rival lines, and the physical obstructions of
the country through which the raUroad was
buUt, triumphant success finally crowned his
efforts and those of his feUow-workers and
the road was completed.
How much this enterprise has accom
plished for the rapid and extensive develop
ment of the whole country through which it
passes, an erapire in itself, and which is to
become an important factor in the govern
ment, is a matter of history, and the personal
adventures of Mr. Canfield on the frontier,
through Indian Territory with its savage in
habitants, and the exciting scenes of which
he was a witness during the construction of
the line would alone fiU a large and very
interesting volume.

Notwithstanding all the discouragements
of the early days of the Northern Pacific
and the hostUity of Congress to its applica
tions for aid, araid all the financial panics
and storras, Mr. Canfield has always main
tained the same abiding faith in this mag
nificent undertaking, and he stiU believes
that being the only corapany which has a
charter frora Congress for a continuous line
frora water to water it will becorae the great
transcontinental route across the continent
to Europe, not only for the products of
farm, forest, and mines along its border, but
for the trade of Japan, China and the Indies.
In fact, it will become the world's highway,
over which will pass the travel and business
of the most enlightened and civilized por
tions of the globe.
In view of the great diversity of produc
tions of this country and those of the Cen
tral American states and the Dominion of
Canada, the commercial relations between
them and the United States must be con
stantly growing stronger and stronger until
their interests shall be separated by no
transatlantic influence. Mr. Canfield be
lieves that within a half century there will
be but one English-speaking nation in North
America, and that under a republican form
of government, extending from the Atlantic
to the Pacific and from the Gulf of Mexico
to the Arctic ocean ; a nation over which
will float but one flag, that of the stars and
stripes of the United States ; one republic,
whose free and enlightened institutions will
confer upon hundreds of miUions of people
all the benefits of the highest and most
enlightened civilization and be the control
ling power among the nations of the earth.
Since his retirement from the coinpany he
has devoted raore or less time to the super
vision of his large farm at Lake Park, Minn.
He has now been engaged in active business
for fifty-three years, during which period he
has never taken a day specially for recrea
tion or pleasure, but has found his enjoyment
in the work in which he has been engaged,
believing thereby he has been the source of
some good to his feUow-men and to his
country. Although of a slender frame and fragile
constitution, he is yet apparently as active
and raoves with the same elastic step as
twenty years ago. He is a good judge of
human nature, enabling him to be an excel
lent organizer and manager of men, quick
in observation, clear in judgraent, and rapid
in execution. Modest in his pretensions, he
is ever ready to give to others the credit of
any good work, although he may have been
mainly instrumental in bringing it about.
Having been engaged most of his life m
work of a public character and connected
with many great enterprises, he has an ex-

CANFIELD.

tended knowledge of the whole country,
broad and coraprehensive ideas as to its
¦capacity and resources, and entertains the
most sanguine views as to its future great
ness and power. When once enlisted in any
scheme which commands his approbation
he is very persistent and persevering until it
is accomplished, no matter how difficult it
raay be or how serious the obstacles to be
overcorae. The idea of defeat never enters
into his calculations. He is generous almost
to a fault, a true and firra friend to those
who gain his confidence, and raany are the
men in prorainent posUions in diff'erent parts
of the country who are indebted for thera to
his early aid and assistance.
At different times he has been actively
engaged in political matters, but always
refusing to accept office of any kind. Ar
riving at his majority when the old Whig
party was prominent, his first vote was cast
for its nominees, and he continued identi
fied with it untU it was succeeded by the
Republican party, to which he has since
belonged. He understands thoroughly all
the great political issues, as well as the great
commercial, which involve the business and
prosperity of these United States. Few men
have had a more extensive acquaintance and
knowledge in the last two generations of the
prominent men of the nation, whether in
politics or business.
Mr. Canfield is an active member of the
Protestant Episcopal church, having been
born in the house occupied by his grand
father, Nathan Canfield, in Arlington, and
who was the first lay delegate to the first
convention of the diocese of Vermont,
organized at Arlington, 1790. His great
grandfather on his mother's side, Capt.
Jehiel Hawley, officiated as lay reader and
maintained the service of the church frora
1764, which was the first service of the
Episcopal church in Verraont, being before
there was any clergyman there. These two
men built the first church in Vermont and
in that church Thomas H. Canfield was bap
tized by old "Priest" Bronson seventy years
ago. He has attended every convention of
the diocese of Verraont for forty-one
years, during thirty-one of which he has
been the secretary of the organization. He
was one of the original incorporators and
trustees of the Vermont Episcopal Institute
at Burlington, chartered in 1854, and for
twenty-eight years has had charge of the
funds of the establishraent. He was mainly
instrumental in the erection of Bishop Hop
kins Hall for the purpose of a church school
for young ladies,, and he has so ably man
aged the finances of this corporation that
the diocese of Verraont now possesses this
beautiful property of one hundred and fifty
acres on the banks of Lake Champlain,

CARLETON. 6t,
upon which is an Episcopal residence, a large
gothic stone buUding for the theological
departraent and boys' school, with another
of equal dimensions and materials for the
use of the young ladies, both in successful
operation aqd not a dollar of debt outstand
ing nor any lien of any kind on the property.
Mr. Canfield was a potential factor in
raising the funds for buUding Trinity Chapel,
Winooski, and the Episcopal church at
Brainerd, Minn., and he also furnished the
site for churches at Moorhead, and Lake
Park, Minn. ; Bisraark, N. D., and Kalaraa,
Wash. He has represented the diocese of
Vermont in the general conventions of the
church in the United States, held in Phila
delphia in 1856, in Richmond, Va., in 1859;
in New York in 1874, in Boston in 1877,
and in Chicago in 1886.
Few men have had a more busy life,
which from present indications is likely to
continue in the sarae way to the end, and he
probably will, as he says he expects to do,
"die in the harness." In conclusion it may
be truly said what the late Rev. Dr. Wick
ham of Manchester so beautifully expressed :
"If Burlington can boast of her Edmunds,
the leader of the United States Senate, and
of Phelps, the eminent jurist and distin
guished representative at the Court of St.
James, she has not another citizen that has
honored her more than Thoraas H.
Canfield." CARLETON, HiRAM, of Montpelier,
son of David and Mary (Wheeler) Carleton,
was born in Barre, August 28, 1838.
His father, David Carleton, was twenty-
fifth in descent frora Baldwin de Carleton,
and seventh in descent from Edward Carle
ton, who emigrated frora the raother country
in 1639 and settled in Old Rowley, Mass.
Baldwin de Carleton, of Carleton HaU,
Cumberland, Eng., was a remote ancestor.
He received his early education in the
coramon schools of Barre, and pursued his
preparatory studies for college at the acad
eray of that place. He then entered the
University of Verraont, graduating in i860,
after which he was principal of the Hines
burgh Academy. He then removed to Keese-
viUe, N. Y., where he was eraployed as in
structor in natural science, mathematics and
Greek, in the KeesevUle Academy, of which
he was afterwards made the principal. In
1865 he completed the study of the law
with Ephraim E. French, Esq., of Barre, and
was admitted to the bar of Washington
county court at the Septeraber terra. In
•1866 he located in Waitsfield where he
began, and confined for ten years, the prac
tice of his profession. He then changed
his residence to Montpelier in order to be
come a member of the firra of Heath &

64

CARNEY.

CANNON.

Carleton, which continued tiU 1883, when he
was appointed judge of probate by Governor
Barstow. He lias since held this office by
successive elections.
In 1869 Judge Carleton was the represen
tative of the town of Waitsfield in the Gen
eral Asserably, and the foUowing year was

/"'

¦^

HIRAM CARLETON.

re-elected by a unaniraous vote. In that
body he served as chairman of the com
mittee on education, and was largely instru
mental in the passage of the act permitting
the establishment of the town systera of
schools. In 1870 he was the delegate from
Waitsfield to the state constitutional conven
tion, and was chosen state's attorney for
Washington county for two years.
Judge Carleton has been recently elected
president of the Vermont Historical Society,
and has acted as treasurer of the Vermont
Bar Association since 1883. For fifteen
years he has most creditably served as both
trustee and treasurer of the Washington
county grararaar school. He is also a
member of the Masonic fraternity, uniting
with Aurora Lodge, No. 112, of Montpelier.
Judge Carleton was married in Chester
field, N. Y., Oct. 26, 1865, to Mary Eliza
beth, daughter of Lathrop and Mary (BaU)
Pope. Of this union are issue : Frederick,
and Mary Ball Pope.
CARNEY, John Vose, of Bennington,
son of Daniel and Mary (Wheeler) Carney,
was born in Newcastle, Me., Nov. 6, 1835.

His maternal grandfather was a member
of the patriotic band who spiUed the tea
in Boston harbor.
Mr. Carney passed through the common
schools of his native town, and instead of
devoting his nights to relaxation or amuse
ment, employed them in careful and unre
mitting study.
In 1851 he went to Worcester, Mass., to
learn the trade of a machinist, but after
three years removed to Bennington. During
the war, he acted as inspector of arms at
Watervliet Arsenal. He then commenced
the marwifacture of knit goods at Bennington,
but meeting with reverses, sold his plant and
engaged in business for the Mutual Life In
surance Co. He is now a half owner ofthe
Crawford & Carney shoddy mills in Ben
nington. Republican in his political preferences,
Judge Carney has been given many civic
honors. Besides being elected as assistant
judge of the Bennington county court, he
was sent to the Senate in 1884; also ap-
appointed to serve on the citizens' Benning
ton battle monument coraraittee, and was
chairman of the banquet committee at the
dedication of the monument.
Mr. Carney belongs to the Methodist
church, and for about twenty-one years was
superintendent of the Sunday school.
March 23, 1854, he was joined in matri
mony at Worcester, Mass., to Susan A.,
daughter of Asa and Sally Morse Abbott.
One daughter was the fruit of this union :
Allura Jeannette (Mrs. C. N. Hodgkins of
Bennington. She passed away, April 7,
1880). CANNON, M. W., of West Rutland,
was born in that town, April 9, 1867.
Of Irish parentage, he was educated in
the common schools, and after completing
his course of study, labored upon a farm
belonging to his parents, which occupation
he followed untU 1887, when he entered a
political life.
In 1888 he was the candidate for justice
of the peace on the Democratic ticket, and
received the largest vote ever given to an
aspirant for the ofifice in the town. Two
years later he was elected selectman, which
position he now holds, being chairman of
the board. In 1890 he was the nominee of
his party for town representative, and, re
ceiving a handsome majority, entered the
Legislature at the age of twenty-four, the
youngest meraber of the body. He imme
diately took an active part in the debate on
reforra measures, and distinguished himself
by an able and eloquent speech on the
weekly payment bill. He was re-elected in
1892, and served creditably on the com
mittee on rules and elections. Mr. Cannon

CARPENTER.
has taken a leading part in town afifairs, and
has been prominently identified with aU
measures of reform. In October, 1893, he
was offered the choice of the ofifice of post
master in W^est Rutland or a position in
Washington, bythe Cleveland administration.
The latter position he accepted.

M. W. CANNON.
In social life, he is afifable and agreeable,
is unmarried, and in religious belief is a
Roman Catholic.
CARPENTER, AMOS BUGBEE, of
Waterford, son of Isaiah and Caroline
(Bugbee) Carpenter, was born in Waterford,
May 25, 1818.
The first of the family who emigrated to
Araerica was William Carpenter, who came
from Wherwell, England, in 1638, ancl was
one of the earliest settlers of Weymouth
and Rehoboth, Mass. Jonah Carpenter, the
grandfather of Amos B. Carpenter, was a
minute man during the Revolutionary war,
and Isaiah, his son, came to Waterford in
1808, where he cleared a farm, which has
since been the family home.
Mr. Amos B. Carpenter attended the
common schools of Waterford, and after
wards pursued short courses of study at the
Lyndon Academy and Peacham grammar
school. When eighteen years of age, and
each season after that time untU married, he
taught school during the winter and attended
to his farm duties during the suramer ; but
though his educational opportunities were
limited, he has supplemented them by a

CARPENTER. 65
lifelong habit of reading, and a large expe
rience of men and afl'airs. He has made
general farming the vocation of his life,
paying considerable attention to the pro
ducts of the dairy.
He was united in marriage, June 24, 1847,
to Cosbi B., daughter of Ezra and Hannah
(Burleigh) Parker, of LUtleton, N. H. They
have had eight chUdren, six of whom stiU
live: Martha W. (Mrs. StUlman F. Cut
ting of Concord), Althea C. (Mrs. Stephen
J. Hastings of Waterford), Philander Isaiah
(died in infancy), Caroline Bugbee (Mrs. L.
J. Cummings, deceased), Amos Herbert,
Cosbi May (Mrs. L. J. Curaraings of Clinton,
Iowa), Ezra Parker, and Miner Bugbee.
Mr. Carpenter is a consistent Republican,
and for thirty-eight years has discharged the
duties of postmaster at West Waterford. He
was a member of the state Legislature from
Waterford in 1888. Nearly half a cen
tury ago he was elected a corresponding
member of the Historical and Genealogical
Society at Boston, and is about to publish a

AMOS BUGBEE CARPENTER.
record of the Carpenter family, on which
Jie has persistently labored for many years.
He has received the three degrees of Blue
Lodge Masonry, and is a raeraber of Moose
River Lodge of West Concord. He was one
of the charter raembers of the Green
Mountain Grange, P. of H., which was the
first subordinate body formed in New Eng
land, and later was selected to fulfil the
duties of Master of Waterford Grange.

66

CASSIE.

CELLEY.

CASSIE, George, of Barre, son of
James and Margaret (Ronald) Cassie, was
born in Auchmaliddie, Aberdeenshire, Scot
land, May 29, 1857.
His education was limited to the public
schools in his native town, and he served his
apprenticeship at the trade of a stone cutter.
When the regular terra of five years had ex
pired, he served as journeyman two years,
and in 1880 emigrated to the United States,
setding in Barre in 1882. Comraencing
with a sraall capital, he has gradually in
creased his business, untU it has proved
most lucrative and successful. Two years
ago Mr. Cassie conceived the idea of import
ing pure-bred Shedand ponies for breeding
purposes. This venture has also proved
successful. Mr. Cassie is a Democrat, and is an ex
cellent representative of the Scotch-Ameri
can, combining American enterprise with
the native thrift and shrewdness of the
Scotch. He married. May 16, 1889, Laura E.,
daughter of Charles L. and Celinda
(Dickey) Currier of Barre. Their first
child, Jessie, died in infancy ; their second,
Raymond J., was born in October, 189 1.
CAVERLY, Charles Solomon, of
Rutland, Son of Dr. Abiel Moore and Sarah
L. (Goddard) Caverly, was born in Troy, N.
H., Sept. 30, 1856.
He received the usual education in the
public schools of Pittsford, to which town
his father removed in 1862, and he also
attended those of Brandon. In the suraraer
of 1873 he entered Kirabail Union Acaderay
at Meriden, N. H., graduating there in 1874,
and then entered the classical department
of Dartmouth College, from which he grad
uated in 1878. He was valedictorian of his
class, and received two prizes at his grad
uation. He received his degree of M. D.
from the medical department of the U. V.
M. in 1 88 1. During the time of his educa
tional career he employed himself in teach
ing at West Haven, Proctor and Pittsford.
After his graduation he visited New York
City, where he spent nearly two years of
study in hospitals, and also availed himself
of the advantages of private instruction. In
1883, Dr. Caverly returned to Rutland and
began to practice his profession, at first in
connection with Dr. Middleton Goldsmith,
but after a year he opened an office inde
pendent of him, and since then he has been
alone. He makes a specialty of the diseases
of the nose, throat and chest, often visiting
New York for a few weeks for the purpose of
more particular study and research. He is
a member of the State Medical Society,
and has held most of the ofifices in this
society, being president in i89i-'92. He

has belonged to' the American Medical Asso
ciation. He is a raeraber of the Rutland
Medical Club, and in i89i-'92 was president
of the Rutland County Medical Society. Dr.
Caverly is a raeraber of the Rutland Repub
lican Club, of the Rutland Board of Trade,
and one of the directors of the Rutiand
Hospital Association.
He raarried, Nov. 5, 1885, Mabel A.,
daughter of Harley C. and Mary (Root)
Tuttle of Rutland, by whom he has one son :
Harley Tuttle.
From 1887 to 1889, Dr. Caverly dis
charged the functions of health ofificer of
Rutland, and was appointed a member of
the State Board of Health in 1890 by Gov
ernor Dillingham to fill an unexpired term,
being reappointed by Governor Page for a
term of six years. He has been president
of that body since 1891.
Dr. Caverly has entered the Masonic fra
ternity, affiliating with Rutland Lodge, No.
79, Davenport Chapter, No. 1 7, and Killing-
ton Comraandery, No. 6, Knights Templar.
He is a member of the Congregational
church, and interested in the Y. M. C. A. of
Rutland. CELLEY, William E. S., of Bradford,
was born in Roxbury, Mass., Jan. 7, 1838.
His father's name was Benjamin, and his
mother's Jane M. Sawyer.
When he was three years of age his
father's family removed to Bradford, and the
following year to the town of Fairlee, where
he now resides. He was educated at the
public schools and at Bradford Academy.
William was brought up on the farm of his
father, a highly respected citizen, who twice
represented the town in the state Legisla
ture, and died at the advanced age of nine
ty-three. He has always resided on this
and on the adjoining estate, and has devoted
his attention to general farraing, though at
present is especially engaged in the produc
tions of the dairy.
Mr. Celley is a man of independent con
victions, an earnest supporter of temper
ance principles, and an ardent advocate of
the law of prohibition. He was district
clerk thirty-four consecutive years, is a
member of the board of school directors,
and one of the trustees of Bradford Acad
emy. He has held various ofifices in the
town, and in 1876 was elected to the state
Legislature by the votes of the Republican
party. He is a meraber of the M. E. Church of
Bradford, and has lately presented a fine
bell to the Union Church of Fairlee as a
memorial token in honor of his father. He
has for many years been a steward in the
church to which he belongs, and has been
in various ways connected with other organi-

CHAFEY.

CHAMBERLIN.

67

zations of a religious and reformatory char
acter. He was united in marriage June 13, 1865,
at Bradford, to Jane C, daughter of Jasper
and Celinda (Heath) Moore of West Fair-

WILLIAM E. S. CELLEY.
lee . Two children have been born to them :
Eraraa J. (deceased), and George E., who
resides with his parents. They have also
an adopted chUd, H. Evelyn.
CHAFEY, Martin Beard, of Albany,
son of Hirara and Asenath (Kendall)
Chafey, was born in Albany, May 11, 1842.
He was educated at the public schools of
Albany, where he also became a pupil of the
academy, and afterwards attended the Peo
ple's Academy at Morrisville.
He comraenced his business career with a
clerkship at Derby Line, and then enlarged
his experience by serving for one year in a
wholesale store in Boston. In 1866 he
entered into partnership with his brother,
Hiram W., but since 1882 he has continued
the business by himself, carrying a large
¦stock of general merchandise. Since 1879
he has been agent for the collection of rents
for Middlebury CoUege. Was postmaster at
Albany from 1866 to 1886.
Mr. CafiTey was married to Jennie Wilson,
daughter of Alexander and Margaret (Cal-
¦derwood) Mitchell of Craftsbury. Their
children are : Don M. (died in childhood),
Agnes O., Roland E., and Maggie E.
A life-long Republican, Mr. Chafey has
been town clerk since 1876, and in 1893 was

appointed deputy collector of internal rev
enue for Albany and vicinity. He enlisted
m the army, but being a minor his parents
refused their consent. Before the age of
twenty-one he had enlisted once and was
drafted twice.
He was elected to the General Assembly
of 1890. Attending the session of that
year, also the extra session of 189 1. His
son Roland, accompanying him as page in
the House in 1890 and in 1891, was ap
pointed assistant secretary of the House at
the age of fourteen years, he being the
youngest person ever appointed to that posi
tion in the state, and now at the age of
seventeen years is assistant cashier in the
First National Bank, Ithica, Mich.
In religious preference a Baptist, he nev
ertheless attends and supports the Metho
dist Episcopal church. He has been a
meraber of Central Lodge F. & A. M. of
Irasburg. CHAMBERLIN, PRESTON S., of Brad
ford, son of Abner and Mary (Haseltine)
Chamberlin, was born in Newbury, Nov.
28, 1832.
Educated in the coraraon schools and at
Newbury Seminary, he remained on his
father's farm untU the age of twenty-one,
when he removed to the town of Bradford,
where he has since resided.
He is a Republican and has been elected
to fiU several town ofifices and in 1890 rep
resented his town in the Legislature. A
trustee of Bradford Acaderay for fifteen
years, he is strongly interested in the cause
of education.
Mr. Chamberiin enlisted in the United
States service in May, 1861, under the first
call of President Lincoln, being a meraber
of the Bradford Guards. For the first two
months of the war he served as sergeant in
Co. D, ist Vt. Vols. Upon the caU for nine
months' men in 1862, he enlisted in the 12th
Regt. and went out as captain of Co. H,
(Bradford Guards) and was mustered out
with the regiment. Captain Chamberlin
was a charter member of Washburn Post,
G. A. R , No. 17, and for several years its
Commander. He married Hannah S., daughter of
George W. and Rebecca (Mussey) Corliss
of Bradford, Jan. 17, 1856. They have
three daughters : Annie (wife of C. E.
Spalding), Mary H. (wife of George R.
Grant) , and Edith JuUa.
CHANDLER, FRANK, of Brandon, son
of Rufus and Mary (King) Chandler, was
born in Coleraine, Mass., June 13, 1838.
His education was chiefly obtained at the
West Brattleboro high school, and he com
raenced a raercantUe career in his early

CHAPIN.

CHASE.

boyhood. For some twelve years he was
employed as a clerk in dififerent situations,
the last six being in a wholesale clothing
store in Montreal. Since that time he has
devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, and
in connection with these has conducted a
summer resort at Silver Lake, Leicester,
where for the past fourteen years he has held
semi-annual carap raeetings, to which socie
ties of every denomination have been hear
tily welcomed.
Mr. Chandler was wedded in Leicester in
1864 to Ellen M., daughter of Stephen and
Sarah Alden. To them eight children have
been born: Sarah Ella (deceased), John B.,

FRANK CHANDLER.
Frank E., Mary A., Rufus A. (deceased),
Grace A., Gertrude L., and Ernest D. (de
ceased). He has held many responsible
ofifices in the town of Leicester, which he
represented in Montpelier in 1878. He has
been prominent in the organizations of the
Good Templars and Patrons of Husbandry,
and for more than thirty years has been an
active member of St. Paul's Lodge, F. & A.
M., No. 25, of Brandon.
CHAPIN, William, of Middlesex, son
of Joseph and Catherine (Holden) Chapin,
was born Dec. 7, 1831.
Mr. Chapin coraes from a line rich in his
toric associations. On his mother's side he
is fourth in descent from WUliam Holden,
who was with the Colonial troops at the
capture of Louisburg in 1745, and served

under the immortal Wolfe upon the heights
of Abraham in 1759. A soldier of the
patriot army of the Revolution, he was pres
ent at Stillwater and Saratoga and witnessed
the surrender of Burgoyne. The paternal
grandfather of the subject of the present
sketch came to Middlesex as one of its ear
liest settlers shortly after the Revolutionary
war, in which he had fought under Washing
ton. Together with his oldest son, Joseph,
he marched to Plattsburg and again encoun
tered the dangers of the battlefield in behalf
of his native land.
Receiving only the instruction of the
common schools of his native town, the
early training of Mr. Williara Chapin was
eminently practical. After an early experi
ence in district school teaching during the
winter at Middlesex and Waterbury, he was
employed as a clerk in a store at Swamp-
scott, Mass., and later in i858-'59 in the
Union store at Montpelier. With these ex
ceptions, he has always lived upon the farm
where he was born.
He is a very successful operator in real
estate, besides being a large holder of the
same. He is an enthusiastic breeder of
Jersey cattle and Shropshire sheep, owning
one of the best flocks in the county.
After holding many town ofifices, he was
sent to the Legislature in 1880 and was a
member of the State Equalizing Board in
1882. In 1884 he was honored by an elec
tion to the Senate and re-elected in 1888.
He has also been a member of the Board of
Agriculture from 1887 to 1892.
Hon. William Chapin is a unique and
original character, possessing a fimd of
quaint and genial humor with an inimitable
gift of drollery in story teUing. When he is
convinced of the righteousness of his cause
"he knowing, dares maintain," and in brief
is an excellent specimen of a good old-
fashioned Green Mountain farmer.
He was raarried at Worcester, May 15,
i860, to Catherine, daughter of Deacon
Jonas and Minerva E. (Vail) Abbott. Of
this union there were five children : Harry
Lee, Joseph Abbott, WiUiam Allen, Hinck
ley B., and Edgar L. (deceased).
CHASE, Charles Sumner, of Whit
ingham, son of Abraham and Catherine
(Read) Chase, was born in the town of
Whitingham, May 13, 1855.
After having attended the common schools.
of the town he studied law and stenography,
and was adraitted to the Windham county
bar in September, 1880, and has since prac
ticed law at Whitingham. He has served as
the official stenographer of the Bennington,
Rutland and Windham county courts for the
past seventeen years. He took a prominent
part in the organization of the Moses New-

CHASE.
ton Shoe Co., of which he has had the raan
ageraent, and was also connected with the
construction of the Deerfield Valley R. R.,
and the Hoosac Tunnel & WUraington Rail
road Co., and is a director of and attorney
for the same.
He is a Republican, and has been town
treasurer, justice of the peace and held
some rainor offices. Mr. Chase is a mem
ber of Unity Lodge, F. & A. M., of Jack
sonviUe. He married, Jan. 19, 1881, Carrie Emily,
daughter of John Addison and Emily C.
Brigham of Boston, Mass. Two children
have been born to them : Robert Martin,
born Feb. 22, 1883, and Harry Brigham,
born Aug. 9, 1889.
CHASE, Charles M., son of Epaphras
Bull and Louisa (Baldwin) Chase, was born
in Lyndon, Nov. 6, 1829.

He received his preparatory education in
the academies of Lyndon, St. Johnsbury,
and Meriden, N. H., and was afterwards
graduated from Dartmouth College in the
class of 1853. He then pursued his profes
sional studies with President Allen of Farm
er's College, Cincinnati, and in 1857 was
adraitted to the bar in Sycamore, IU., where
he comraenced the practice of his profes
sion, at the sarae time editing the DeKalb
County Sentinel and teaching music, thus
continuing untU the breaking out of the
civU war. In i863-'64 he was in Kansas, a
portion of the tirae employed as city editor
of the Leavenworth Daily Times, and having

CHASE. 69
charge of the musical association of that
city. For some time he traveled in the
state as correspondent of the Sycamore Re
publican, describing the bloody struggles
that took place during the episodes of 1856.
In 1865 he coramenced the publication of
the Vermont Union at Lyndon, which he
StUl continues. In connection with this
enterprise he has made numerous trips in
Florida, California, the western and the
southern states as correspondent of his own
paper, one of these trips being pubUshed
in book forra under the title of "Editor's
Run in New Mexico and Colorado." The
book received nuraerous compliraents from
the press and had quite an extensive sale.
During the first years after leaving col
lege, Mr. Chase divided his time between
studying law and teaching in Cincinnati, O.,
having charge for three years of the vocal
music departraent in Ohio Feraale CoUege
and Farraer's CoUege, conducting conven
tions, giving concerts, etc. During this
period he composed different church tunes,
which were published in the books of that
date and later.
Mr. Chase enlisted in 186 1, and had
charge of the brigade band of the 13th IU.
Vols. tUl their discharge at the end of three
months service in Southwestern Missouri.
He was married June 15, 1865, at Syca
more, IU., to Mary E., daughter of Timothy
and Mary (Waterman) Wells. Their five
children are : Everett B., John B., George A.,
Jennie H., and Nellie L.
Mr. Chase is Democratic in his political
adherence, and for several years held the
ofifice of police magistrate in Sycamore.
For twenty years he has been justice of the
peace in Lyndon. He was the prime mover
in securing the charter for the Lyndon
Acaderay and Graded School, being for a
long time president of the board of direc
tors. In i866-'68 he was the Deraocratic
candidate for Congress in the First Verraont
District, and was appointed delegate to the
national convention of that party in St.
Louis in 1876. His ability as a financier
has called him to the duties of director in
the Lyndon National Bank and the Savings
Bank & Trust Co. of St. Johnsbury, of
which he has been president since 189 1.
• He has taken the vows of Free Masonry,
and is actively connected with the lodge at
Lyndon and Haswell Chapter in St. Johns
bury. CHASE, Edgar MERRITF, of jay, son
of MerrUl and Electa (Stickney) Chase, was
born in Jay, AprU 18, 1857. Having re
ceived his education at the public schools of
Jay, he now owns and occupies a small farm
at the vUlage and for several years has been
foreman in B. F. Paine's luraber raill.

70

CHASE.

CHASE.

He has held raany town offices and was
elected to the Legislature in 1892, where he
served on general and several special cora
raittees. He has always been a strong
Republican in his political faith, and is a
member of Masonic Union Lodge, No. 16, of
I'rpy. In religious belief he is Methodist
Episcopal.

EDGAR MERRITT CHASE.
August 17, 1881, Mr. Chase married Myra
Bartlett. who died Nov. 17, 1891, leaving
two chUdren : Charles Bartlett, and Maud
Electa. CHASE, Willard, of West Concord,
son of George and Eunice (Abbott) Chase,
was born in Landgrove, March 10, 1840.
Coming to Concord with his parents two
years later, he was brought up on the same
farm where he has since resided. His father
was a frugal, industrious farmer, skUled also
in raany handicrafts, and the subject of this
sketch naturally received much training in
these directions.
Being an ambitious, self-reliant boy, he
acquired a thorough coraraon school educa
tion. As a farmer, he evinces the same
energy and thoroughness, making specialties
of creamery butter and maple sugar. In
1890 he made 10,100 pounds of sugar.
Mr. Chase is an earnest Republican. He
was school district clerk and treasurer for
twenty-one years. Called to the position of
selectman at the age of twenty-six, he has
hat position ten terms ; he was five

years overseer of the poor, and also served
in raost of the other town ofifices, and was
representative in the Legislature of 1878. ]
He is a public-spirited raan of strong
convictions and benevolent impulses. Has
always been a temperance man in principle
and practice, and a prominent member of
the I. O. G. T. In the long and eventful
existence of the West Concord Universalist
Church, a period of raore than half a cen
tury, Mr. Chase has been a constant atten
dant and active worker ; about thirty years
superintendent of the Sunday school, and.
many years chairman of the parish com
mittee. He is also president of the Northem
Association and treasurer of Universalist
Convention of Vermont and Province of
Quebec, which ofifice he has held the past
fourteen vears.

WILLARD CHASE.

January i, 1868, he married Ann Maria
W., daughter of the late David W. and Sally
(StUes) Lee of St. Johnsbury.
CHASE, ZiNA GOLDTHWAIT, late of
Cambridge, son of Alden and Abigail
(Chase) Chase, was born in Cambridge,
August 9, 1830. ,
His educational advantages were derived
from the common schools and he steadily
followed farming as an occupation, at the
same time dealing largely in cattle. Mr.
Chase twice enlisted in the ranks of his
country's defenders and in his first attempt
was advanced to the grade of orderly ser-

CHILD.
geant of Co. H, 2d Regt. Vt. Vols., but
unfortunately he was mustered out for disa
bility. After holding many minor positions of
trust in the town, he was elected by a strong
Republican raajority to the state Legisla
ture in the fall of 1886, which position he

CLARK.

71

and in 1890 was elected senator of Addison
county, also the youngest man ever sent
frora the county in that capacity. In both
of the legislative bodies he served on ira
portant committees and being well versed in
parliamentary law, he was often called upon
to preside.
Mr. ChUd belongs to many political and
agricultural societies and, though not a
member, is a liberal supporter of the
Christian church.

ZINA GOLDTHVl'AIT CHASE.
filled with credit to himself and satisfaction
to his constituents. He was a member of the
Masonic order, and was united in raarriage,
August 2, 1856, to Jane H., daughter of
Sarauel and Hannah Montague. One chUd,
Hollis M. Chase, has blessed their union.
CHILD, George Edward, of Wey-
bridge, was born Feb. 22, 185 1, and is the
son of John and Mahala (Briggs) Child.
Receiving his early education in the
schools of Weybridge, he continued to pur
sue his studies at the Stanstead (P. Q.)
Acaderay and Fort Edward Collegiate Insti
tute. At first intending to enter a profes
sional life, he concluded that farraing and
speculation were his true vocations. Mr.
ChUd has given a large share of his atten
tion to the breeding of Merino sheep and
of late years his specialty has been the rais
ing of cattle and beeves. His farm, on
which Gov. Silas Wright was born, is histor
ically interesting.
In political creed a Republican, after
having held many town ofifices he was sent
to the Legislature in 1884, being the
youngest member ever sent from Weybridge,

GEORGE EDWARD CHILD
He was married in Weybridge on Jan. 25,
1877, to Susan, daughter of Edwin and
Sarah Wright. This union has been blessed
with two daughters : CecUe Maude, and
Verna Wright.
CLARK, Ezra Warren, of Derby,
son of Alvah Warren and Mary C. (King)
Clark, was born at Glover, Oct. 12, 1842.
His father, Alvah, was one of twelve chil
dren, eleven of whora lived to raaturity.
Mr. Clark's educational training was
acquired in the public schools of Glover, the
Orleans Liberal Institute, and the Metho
dist Episcopal Serainary of Newbury. For
several terras he taught in the public schools,
and was principal of the Orleans Liberal
Institute. In the spring of 1867 he began
the study of medicine with Dr. R. B. Skinner
of Barton, and soon after entered the medi
cal department at Dartmouth College, and
in 1869 pursued a course of study at the
Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia,
where he graduated in 1870.

72

CLARK.

CLARK.

Dr. Clark coraraenced to practice his pro
fession in Charleston, but in 1873 removed
to Derby, where by patient industry, assidu
ity, and his liberal methods he built up a
large and valuable business. At the same
time he has given some attention to practical
farraing. He has been health officer for several
years, and has been town superintendent of
schools in Charleston, Glover and Derby,
and selectraan frora 1889 to 1893.
Always deeply interested in the cause of
teraperance and education. Dr. Clark has
been an active worker in their behalf. He
has been for a long tirae chairman of the
executive committee of Derby Academy, to
the endowment fund of which he has been a
liberal contributor.
He is a meraber and ofificer of several
medical societies. He is Republican in his
political creed, and in his religious prefer
ences Methodist Episcopal. He has always
been energetic in church matters, and for
fifteen years superintendent of the Sunday
school. Dr. Clark was united in marriage AprU
30, 1 87 1, to Isadore M., daughter of Noble
and Emily E. (Rice) Aldrich of Glover.
Their union has 'been blessed with six chil
dren : Albert W., Marion E., Helen M.,
Royce W., Genevieve M., and Dora Mae.
CLARK, John Calvin, of St. Johns
bury, son of John S. and Ann E. (Robinson)
Clark, was born in Lunenburg, June 3, 1852.
His educational advantages were received
in the public and private schools of Detroit,
Mich., and he commenced his business
career at the age of eighteen, when he was
employed as a clerk in the First National
Bank at St. Johnsbury. In 1873 ^^ accepted
the position of cashier in the First National
Bank of Chelsea ; but after ten years
returned to St. Johnsbury as assistant cashier
in the institution in which he was first em
ployed. In 1886 he was promoted to the
post of cashier, which he retained until
1893, when he resigned to becorae the
treasurer of the E. & T. Fairbanks Co. Mr.
Clark is also treasurer of the St. Johnsbury
Electric Light Co., The Mystic Club, and
Home for Aged Woraen, and is a director of
the First National Bank.
He is a staunch and straightforward Re
publican but has never held any political
ofifice excepting that of clerk of the village
corporation. He is a meraber of the Sons
of Veterans, and of Passurapsic Lodge, No.
27, of St. Johnsbury.
He was united in raarriage AprU 14, 1881,
to Lida E., daughter of Rev. John M. and
Anna Haselton Puffer. Three children are
the issue of the marriage : Robert P., Mar-
geret R., and Arthur Dana.

CLARK, RiPLEY, of Windsor, son of EU
and Sarah (Warner) Clark, was born in
Strafiford, July 23, 181 7. His father, Eli,
was frora Boscawen, N. H., anda soldier in
the war of 1812.
Mr. Clark received his elementary educa
tion in the district schools of Stratford, at
Thetford Acaderay, and the New England .
Seminary at Windsor. He studied medi-'
cine with Dr. Phelps of Windsor, and gradu
ated from the medical school of Dartmouth
College in 1846. Commencing in Reading,
Dr. Clark subsequently practiced his profesrsi
sion in Illinois, and later at White River
Junction. In 186 1 he settled at Windsoijl
where he built up a large practice. Develop
ing bronchial troubles from the severity of
our winters, he was obliged to seek a change
of climate, and for the last dozen years has
resided in Florida during the winter.
He is a Republican and cast his first presi- j
dential vote for WiUiam H.. and his last for
Benjamin Harrison. Averse to public ofl5ce,
he has confined hiraself to the duties of his
profession, but in 1880 was elected to the
Legislature frora Windsor. For twenty years
he was the medical director of the state's
prison. He married, August 9, 1848, Mary Ann,
daughter of Isaiah and Abigal (Tophff) Ray
mond of Bridgewater. Of this marriage is
one son : Isaiah Raymond.
CLEMENT, Percival W., of Rut
land, belongs to a family which has long
been prominent in Rutland county, and his
work has frora the first been in the larger
business interests of the section. His be
ginning was in the marble business, in con-,
nection with the quarrying and manufacture^
ing enterprise estabUshed by his father, and
in later years he has been prominent in
railroad and other affairs.
Mr. Clement is the son of Charles and
Elizabeth (W'ood) Clement. He was born:|
in Rutland, July 7, 1846, and his home has/
always been in that town.
He was educated at the Rutland high
school, St. Paul's School, Concord, N. H.,
and Trinity CoUege, Hartford. He began'
business life as a clerk in the Rutland office
of the marble firra above referred to, Cle
ment & Sons, in the same year and became
a partner in 1871. This firra sold out to the
Rutland Marble Co. in 1876 for a price
which made the transaction the largest then
known in the marble business of this coun
try. The merabers of the firra then organ
ized the State Trust Co., and afterwards the
Clement National Bank, both in Rutland,
and both corporations have since remained
under their control.
Mr. Clement was engaged in the banking
business until 1882, when he began buying

74

CLARKE.

CLEVELAND.

largely of the stocks of the Rutiand Railroad
Co. He became the active manager of the
affairs of this corporation in 1883. The
finances of the corapany were deraoraUzed
and its securities greatly depressed, and for
four years Mr. Clement gave his attention to
the property, finally acquiring absolute con
trol of it. The stock and bonds of the cor
poration advanced in price enormously and
its credit was restored, and in 1887 Mr.
Clement sold out to the Delaware & Hud
son Canal Co. He remained with the rail
road corapany, however, as its president and
in 1 89 1 negotiated a lease of the property to
the Central Verraont R. R. Besides his
connection with the Rutland banks named,
Mr. Clement is a director in the Howe Scale
Works and the chief owner of the Rutland
Herald, and concerned in many other local
enterprises. Mr. Clement has been little before the
public except as a business raan. He has
always been a RepubUcan, but has never
sought pohtical office and has held none
except that of Rutland town representative,
to which he was elected in 1892. His
special work in this position was in getting
the Rutland city charter. He was the active
spirit in organizing the Rutland Board of
Trade in 1889 and its president three years.
He has been led by his affairs to spend con
siderable time in the cities and is a member
of the Union League Club of New York,
the Algonquin Club of Boston, and of some
other similar organizations.
Mr. Clement married Maria H., daughter
of Henry W. and CaroUne (Hinman) Good
win of Hartford, Conn., in 1868, and has
had ten children, of whom six are living :
Elizabeth Wood, CaroUne Hinman, Ethel
Scovil, Margaret Goodwin, Anna Elizabeth,
and Robert.
CLARKE, RansLURE Weld, of Bratde
boro, son of Elam and Cynthia (Lewis)
Clarke, was born in Williamstown, Jan. 27,
1816. His studies, besides those in the schools
of his native town, were pursued at Black
River Academy, Ludlow, and at the Orange
county graramar school at Randolph Cen
tre. He entered Dartmouth College in
1838, and graduated in 1842. Immediately
upon his graduation, he became principal of
Black River Academy which position he
filled for three years, devoting his spare
time to the study of law in the ofifice of Gov.
P. T. Washburn. On his resignation from
the principalship, he lent his entire energy
to his professional studies in the ofifice of the
late Hon. J. Dorr Bradley, and was admitted
to the bar of Windhara county at the Sep
tember term of court in 1846.

On his admission to the bar he at once
began the practice of law in Brattleboro.
In 185 1 he received recognition from the
Republican party, and was elected state's
attorney for 'Windham county, and re-elected
for the years of i853-'54. He was a member
of the Constitutional Convention in 1857,
and one ofthe presidential electors in 1868.
In the campaign of 1858 he was elected
state senator frora Windham county, and re
elected in 1859. Mr. Clarke was register of
probate for the district of Marlboro in 1861-
'62, when he resigned to accept the position
of assistant quartermaster of United States
Volunteers. Judge Clarke was married in May, 1849,
to Lucy C, daughter of the late Judge John
and PoUy ^Vilson) WUder. She died in
1864, and in 1868 he raarried Susan 0.
\Yilder, a sister of his first wife. Of the
first union there was one daughter, Mary
W., now the wife of Hon. MUo M. Acker of
Hornellsville, N. Y., and of the latter union
one son, Francis E.
Captain Clarke received the appointment
of postmaster of Brattleboro in i87i,andat
the expiration of his four years' term was
reappointed, and served untU Jan. i, 1879.
In local afifairs. Judge Clarke has taken a
prominent part, and among other positions
of trust which he has held, is that of presi
dent of the Brattleboro Savings Bank. For
raore than thirty years he has been United
States commissioner and master in chan
cery, and in 1882 he was elected assistant
judge of the Windhara county court, which
position he held until December, 1892.
CLEVELAND, JamES P., JR., son of
James P. and Anna P. (Huntington) Cleve
land, was born in Bethel, Sept. 21, 1828.
His father, James P. Cleveland, Sr., is still
living, at the age of ninety. Very many
years ago he joined the Masonic fraternity,
of which he is believed to be the oldest liv
ing representative in the state of Vermont.
James P., Jr., reraoved to Braintree in 1845,
and until 1880 followed farraing. At that
tirae he removed to West Randolph and has
devoted himself to life, fire and accident in
surance. He has also engaged in settling
several estates, and frequentiy acted as guar
dian. A member of the Republican party, he
has been appointed both deputy and sheriff
of his county. He was enroUing officer in
1863, and assistant judge in 18 78-' 79, and
was elected a member of the Legislature in
i876-'77. Enlisting as a private in Co. F,
1 2th Regt. Vt. Vols., he was elected ist lieu
tenant, and served nine raonths for the regi
ment. He was a charter member of U. S.
Grant Post, No. 96, of West Randolph, and
has belonged to the Masonic order fnore

CLIFFORD.
than thirty years, and held the position of
Worshipful Master four years, and treasurer
twenty-five years. He is also a charter
member of Randolph Lodge, No. 48, I. O.
O. F.

COBB.

75

JAMES P. CLEVELAND, JR.
Mr. Cleveland married, August 3, 1850,
Martha, daughter of Elijah and Patience
(Nefif) Flint, who died Jan. 4, 1893. They
have had three children : Frank H., Jennie
A., and Harry L.
CLIFFORD, NEWELL E., of Shel
burne, son of George B. and Sarah (Rem
ington) CUfford, was born in Starksboro,
May 21, 1850.
Availing himself of the usual educational
faciUties of his native town, upon reaching
the age to choose an occupation he adopted
that of his father, that of a carpenter and
builder. In 1880 he moved to Shelburne, where in
1887 he engaged with Dr. ^Y. Seward Webb
of New York City, owner of Shelburne
Farms, and has since been at the head and
superintended the erection of the beautiful
buildings on that magnificent estate.
Since his majority, Mr. CUfford has taken
much interest in pubhc raatters, especially
in the schools of his town, and he has been
entrusted by his townsmen with many
responsible positions, being at present se
lectman, school director, and a member of
the state Legislature. In this last posi
tion he served most creditably as chair

man of the committee on pubhc buildings,
and was an efificient meraber of that on
highways, bridges, and ferries. He was
largely influential in procuring the enact
ment of the new highway law, which has
given such general satisfaction to the state
and raet such hearty approval in other states.
Mr. CUfford was united in marriage, Dec.
31, 1871, to Mary J., daughter of Amos C.

NEWELL E. CLIFFORD.

and Lucy A. Cole, of Starksboro. As the
result of this union, there are three children :
Maud E. (deceased), Edith F.,and Cicero G.
COBB, Nathan Bryant, of Strafford,
son of Daniel and Marinda (Bryant) Cobb,
was born at Strafford, Oct. 14, 1827, and is
descended frora old Puritan stock.
His maternal great-grandfather and grand
father were among the minute men who
fired on the green at Lexington, opposing
the forces of British tyranny, and his paternal
grandfather, Nathan Cobb, was also a sol
dier of the Revolution. Daniel Cobb, his
father, struggling under adverse circum
stances, acquired a good education and be
came a successful lawyer at Strafiford. Sena
tor J S. MorrUl says concerning him, "Judge
Cobb for nearly half a century was the
chief legal counsel in town, an earnest advo
cate and safe adviser." Though a cripple he
saw service at the battle of Plattsburg.
Mr. Nathan B. Cobb, though an invalid
rauch of his life, has done good service in
many of the town offices, has been an ex-

76

COBURN.

COFFEY.

tensive reader, and is considered an expe
rienced, trustworthy and well-informed man.
He was educated in the comraon schools of
Strafiford, and entered Norwich University,
but an iUness which proved nearly fatal pre
vented the completion of his collegiate
career.

.'^

NATHAN BRYANT COBB.

A Republican in his political faith, he was
elected town clerk in March, 1863, and has
filled that office ever since. He has been
justice of the peace twenty-seven years, and
for nine years superintendent of schools.
He was elected town representative in 1870
and 1880, and assistant judge of Orange
county court in 1874.
Norwich University conferred the degree
of A. M. upon Judge Cobb in 1874. He is
a deacon of the Congregational church, and
for many years was prominently connected
with the Harris Library as its librarian.
He married, Nov. 1, 1861, Emily C,
daughter of Hyde and Mary (Wiggin) Cabot
of Chelsea, who died April 14,1872. Decem
ber 19, 1873, he was united to Mary Jennie,
daughter of Eleazer and Mary (Cabot)
Gardner of Thetford, by whom he had one
child : Gardner N. His second wife died
March 17, 1879.
COBURN, James Allen, of East
Montpelier, son of Larned and Lovisia
(AUen) Coburn, was born in MontpeUer,
AprU 6, 1828.
Educated at the district school, he re
mained with his father, who was a Ufelong

resident and prominent citizen of the town
of Montpelier, several years after attaining
his majority and assisted him in the manage
ment of his farra and miUs. Gifted with a
strong talent for mathematics, he taught
school successfully for six winters. In 1850
he married and moved to the farm of his
father-in-law, which he has since purchased
and here he has always remained.
Judge Coburn has always been active and
prominent in the councils of the Repubhcan
party in his section. A representative in the
Legislature in i869-'7o, he was elected
assistant judge in 1878 and 1880. During
the war he was an active member of the
Union League of East MontpeUer.

JAMES ALLEN COBURN.

He raarried, Dec. 4, 1850, Abbie Daggett
of East MontpeUer, daughter of Arthur, Jr.,
and Nancy (Farwell) Daggett. From their
union have sorung five children : Lamed,,
Arthur D., Flora H. (Mrs. Henry Kelton),
James Lee, and Dwight H. (died in infancy).
COFFEY, Robert John, of.Bennlng-
ton, was born in the city of St. Johns, N. B.,
Dec. 15, 1842.
In 1853 he raoved to Montpelier and re
ceived his education in the coramon schools
of Montpelier and Morristown, living in that
town from 1855 to 1859. In the spring of
i860 he attended the academy at Hyde
Park one term.
At the breaking out of the war of the
rebellion he was living' in Montpelier .and
was one of the first volunteers from that

COFFEY.

COLBURN.

77

town. He first enlisted in Co. F, 2d Vt.
Regt., but receiving a chance to enlist in
Co. F, New England Guards of Northfield
he enlisted May 3, 1861, for three months
and participated in the first important battle
of the war at Big Bethel, June 10, 186 1. In
a few days after his return frora the three
raonths' service on Sept. 10 he enlisted for

He is a staunch Republican in politics.
When the Verraont Soldiers' Horae was
established in Bennington in 1887 he was
the unaniraous choice of the trustees for
superintendent which position he has filled
with satisfaction and credit. In 1873 he
joined the G. A. R. and has been an active
and prorainent member of the order since,
holding many ofifices in post and depart
ment. He is at present major and brigade
provost marshal on the staff of Gen. Julius
J. Estey and has seen nearly fifteen years
service in the National Guard of Vermont.
He is a meraber of Aurora Lodge, No. 22,
F. & A. M. of Montpelier and also a mem
ber of Mohegan Tribe, No. 6, of Bennington.
COLBURN, Robert M., of Springfield,
son of Joseph W. and EmUy (Edgerton)
Colburn, was born in Springfield, Dec. 6,
1844. His grandfather was a soldier of the
Revolution, and fought at Bunker HiU and

ROBERT JOHN COFFEY

three years in Co. K, 4th Regt., and at the
organization of the corapany he was made
3d sergeant and was always on duty until
disabled by a wound Oct. 16, 1863, during
which time he was engaged in the battles of
Lee's MUls, several day battles in front of
Richmond under General McCleUan, South
Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Banks
Ford, Gettysburg,, Funkstown and many
skirmishes. At IBanks Ford, he captured
during the battle two confederate officers
and five soldiers for which gallant exploit he
has been awarded a raedal of honor by Con
gress. While on picket duty near Center
ville, he was badly wounded and disabled
for further service and was raustered out at
Brattleboro in 1864 with the remnant of
the men that left the town three years be
fore over one thousand strong.
In 1867 he was married to Demis Hattie
Burnham ; by this union they have had one
child. Soon after the war he became engaged in
the hotel business ; first at Waitsfield, "Vt,
and then for several years in Montpelier,
Richmond and Windsor.

ROBERT M. CCLEUr N.

Long Island. His father was a wealthy and
prominent resident of Springfield, was sena
tor from Windsor county, and served four
years as assistant judge.
The subject of the present sketch was
educated at the public schools of Spring
field and the academies of Meriden, N. H.,
Manchester, and Andover, Mass. Reared
upon his father's farm, and accustomed to
act as his father's foreman and assistant in
business, Mr. Colburn is still largely inter
ested in agricultural pursuits, but is also a

78

COLTON.

CONANT.

good financial and business man, and there
fore has been caUed upon to fill several im
portant positions and among these are dis
trict and town offices.
Belonging to the RepubUcan party, he
was elected to represent the town in 1880.
Mr. Colburn is a member of the Vermont
Historical Society, and also of the Sons of
the Araerican Revolution.
He married, Dec. 23, 1884, Sarah E.,
daughter of Luther and Eunice (Preston)
Wheatley of Brookfield. They have two
children : Frank W., and Alice Ada.
COLTON, Eben POMEROY, of Iras
burgh, son of John and Phcebe (Morey)
Colton, was born in West Fairlee, Feb. 11,
1828.

EBEN POMEROY COLTON.

He came to Irasburgh March, 1841, with
his father's family, and has resided in that
town alraost continually since. He has been
a builder, raanufacturer of luraber and a
farmer. ?.Xa
He was a whig prior to the forraation of
the Republican party, and since 1854 has
been a Republican. He was a raeraber of
the House of Representatives from Irasburgh
in 1859, i860 and 1876. In 1870 and 1872
he was elected a state senator from Orleans
county. In 1878 he was elected Lieutenant-
Governor. Governor Colton was for some years mas
ter of the State Grange, Patrons of Hus
bandry, and is a meraber of the Verraont
Society of the Sons of the American Revo

lution, of the Free Masons, and of other
societies. He married at Barton, Vt., March 2, 1854
Almira A., daughter of Levi and Achsah
(Ainsworth) BaUey. From this union there
were born four children : Mary J., born
July 4, 1859 ; Jennie G., born AprU 10, 1862;
Jessie O., born July 14, 1867, and Eben P.,
born July 7, 1875.
Governor Colton's legislative career was
one honorable to himself, his town and his
county, and received merited recognition in
his election to the lieutenant-governorship.
He never raade politics a business, and is
one of the men who always has enough to
do, other than office-holding. He has taste
for books and historical matters to fill any
leisure that he ever gets.
CONANT, Edward, of West Ran
dolph, son of Seth and Melvina (Perkins)
Conant, was born May 10, 1829, in Pomfret.
Leaving horae at the age of fifteen, he
worked as a machinist in East Bridgewater,
Mass., till he was twenty-one. After two
years of preparatory study at Thetford

^H
-;.
\
]
EDWARD CONANT.
Academy, he entered Dartmouth College in
1852, and left at the close ofthe faU term of
1854. In November of that year he be
carae principal of Woodstock (Conn.) Acad
emy, and afterwards was principal at the
Royalton Academy and Burlington high
school. In February, 1 861, he became prin
cipal of the Orange county grammar school
at Randolph where he remained fourteen
CONWAY.

COOK.

79

years. During his administration this insti
tution became a State Normal School. He
was principal of the State Normal School at
Johnson for three years (1881 to 1884) when
he returned to the State Norraal School at
Randolph, of which institution he is stiU the
principal. Mr. Conant was a raeraber ofthe National
Council of the Congregational Churches,
which raet in Boston, 1865, and in New
Haven, Conn., in 1874 and in Minneapolis,
Minn., in 1892. He has occupied the posi
tions of president of the Verraont Teachers'
Association, meraber of the Board of Edu
cation and of the Verraont Constitutional
Convention in 1870. He was State Super
intendent of Education from 1874 to 1880.
He married. May 10, 1858, Cynthia H.,
daughter of John and Betsey (Avery) Tag
gart of Stockbridge, by whom he has four
chUdren living : Frank Herbert, Seth Ed
ward, NeU Florence, and Grace Lucia.
Mr. Conant's interest in his profession
has resulted in the authorship of several
educational works, among which raay be
mentioned : " A Few Roots of English
Words " and " A DriU Book in the Elements
of the English Language " and " Conant's
Verraont." In 1866 he received the honorary degree
of M. A. from Middlebury College and from
the University of Vermont in 1867.
The respect and love his pupils give him
from the first — and their gratitude to this
wise man — grow as the years roll by.
CONWAY, JOHN, of Norton Mills, son
of John and Catharine (Sullivan) Conway,
was born at St. Catharine, P. Q., Nov. 29,
1 84 1, and was educated in the common
schools of that place. John Conway, Sr.,
was a farmer and teacher, and John re
raained with hira until he was twenty-three
years old, when he married and moved to
Quebec. In 1871 he took up his abode at
Norton MiUs, then a little hamlet on the Une
of the G. T. R. R., and was employed by
the Norton Mills Co. in the lumber business.
Soon his faithfulness and efficiency secured
him the position of foreman, both in the
mill and in the woods. In 1878 he became
the general foreraan for A. M. Stetson and
for twelve years served him in this very
responsible position. About eight miUion
feet of lumber per year were handled, and
as Mr. Stetson was absent much of the time
Mr. Conway had the entire charge and super
vision of this large business, which employed
in the winter one hundred and fifty hands.
Mr. Conway is an independent Democrat
and as such was elected to the Legislature in
i888-'90-'92. He received the appointment
of custoras ofificer in 1892. He also served
on the county board of education in 1889

and has been for several years a member and
chairman of the board of school directors, a
striking proof that he has won the confi
dence and respect of the community.

JOHN CONWAY.

He was married, July 25, 1865, at St.
Catharine, to Judith, daughter of John and
Elizabeth (Lannin) Grififin of that place.
Their union has been blessed with eight
children : Katharine E. (wife of Dr. Elle of
Island Pond), John F., Ehzabeth G., Mary
Ann, NelUe, Henry J., and AUce (the two
latter deceased), and Rose Lottie.
COOK, JOHN Bray, of Greensboro,
son of Charles, Jr., and Caroline (Hunting
ton) Cook, was born at Greensboro, July 3,
1836. Mr. Cook's grandfather removed to
Greensboro in 1801, settling on the farm on
which he now resides. His educational
training was received at the Greensboro
public schools and in two terras each at the
academies of St. Johnsbury and Barre. Till
the age of twenty-two he remained and .
labored upon the farm, and reraoved to Iowa
in the spring of 186 1.
In October of that year, he enlisted for
three years in Company A., 14th la. Infan
try, and expected to be sent immediately to
the front, but the trouble with the Sioux In
dians occurring at this time, the regiment
was ordered to Fort Randall in South
Dakota. Here Mr. Cook reraained for two
years, sharing in many of the exciting events

8o

COOLIDGE.

COOPER.

of the campaign under General Sully. After
the Minnesota massacre, he was detailed
with a party of twenty-five to pursue the
Sioux Indians, and after a successful skir
mish captured six, who were carried to the
fort, but who subsequently escaped. By the
command of General Sully, Mr. Cook was
assigned to the quartermaster's department,
in which he remained until the expiration of
his term of service. His corapany built the
first buUding at Fort Sully. And as wagon
raaster, under a strong Indian guard, he
drew the logs for the first warehouse erected
at Fort Rice.
He has been elected to several town
ofifices, and appointed justice of the peace.
In his political faith he is a Republican.
Mr. Cook is affiliated wilh Caledonia
Grange, No. 9, of Hardwick, is a raeraber of
the Congregational church, and a teacher
in the Sabbath school.
Mr. Cook married, Nov. 14, 1865, Katha
rine, daughter of Capt. Charles and Han
nah (Lewis) Kallamyer. Captain Kallamyer
left the service of the German Emperor for
political reasons, and afterwards entered the
regular army of the United States.
COOLIDGE, JOHN C, of Plymouth,
son of Calvin G. and Sarah A. (Brewer)
Coolidge, was born in Plymouth, March 31,
1845.

JOHN C. COOLIDGE.

His great-grandfather, Capt. John Cool
idge, a Revolutionary soldier, came from
Lancaster, Mass., and settled in Plymouth in

1 78 1. His father was a prominent farmer
of that place.
John C. CooUdge was educated at the
comraon schools and at Black River Acad
emy. Although a farraer, he is well known
as a merchant and business man, having
been engaged successfully in trade from the
age of twenty-three.
He was captain of Co. K, 10th Regt. Vt.
State Militia, and has held the usual town
ofifices ; has been deputy sheriff and consta
ble alraost continually for more than twenty
years, and is a director of the Ludlow Sav
ings Bank & Trust Co.
As a Republican, he represented Plymouth
in the biennial sessions of i872-'74-'76,
serving on the committees on claims and
reform school.
On May 6, 1868, he was married to Vic
toria J., daughter of Hiram D. and Abigail
(FrankUn) Moor of Plymouth. One son, J.
Calvin, was born to them, and one daughter,
Abbie G., who died at the age of fourteen.
Mr. CooUdge's wife died in 1884, and in
1 89 1 he was united to Carrie A., daughter of
George and Marcella L. (Moore) Brown, a
descendant of Lieut. Bowman Brown, a
soldier of the Revolution.
COOPER, A LAN SON Lawrence, of
, Newport, son of Silas and Rosalinda (Hub
bard) Cooper was born March 14, 1824, in
Rochester and is a lineal descendant of the
seventh generation of John Cooper, who
carae from England previous to 1636, and
setded at Cambridge, Mass.
His eleraentary training was received m
the coramon and select schools of Roches
ter, and he also studied for a short time at
Newbury Seminary. He taught several
terras in Pomfret and Rochester, also in
Cayuga and Wayne counties, N. Y.
Entering the Verraont Conference of the
M. E. Church in 1846, Mr. Cooper was
stationed in several towns in Vermont, but
in 1856 was obliged frora UI health to retire
frora the work. In 1857 he entered Garrett
Biblical Institution, Evanston, IU., where he
graduated in 1859, after devoting himsel
especially to theological and biblical
branches of study. Previous to his gradua
tion he joined the Wisconsin Conference,
but later he was transferred to that of Ver
mont and was stationed at Woodstock,
where he continued for two years. Since
that time he has filled many of the first
positions in the conference as pastor and
presiding elder, and by his conscientious
ministry has won the approval of aU asso
ciated with him. ,
Mr. Cooper is an adherent of the Repu»-
lican party and a strong Prohibitionist. He
has held the ofifice of superintendent ot
schools in Cabot and Springfield, and has

COTTON.

COWLES.

8i

been trustee of the Verraont Methodist
Seminary for many years. He was one of
the charter raerabers of the State S. S. Asso
ciation, and was president of the association
in i875-'76.
He married. May 17, 1853, Lucinda M.,
daughter of Jeremiah and Serepta (Hincher)
Atkins. Their children were : Mary E.
(married Rev. C. M. Ward), Emma Louise
(raarried Rev. Carlos L. Adaras), Alice
Etta, who died Feb. 12, 1872, and Rosa
May.

lutionary army from Connecticut, serving
five years under Washington's immediate
command, whUe his grandmother first saw
light on the Adantic Ocean, as she was born
during the passage of her famUy from Hol
land. The only educational advantages received
by Mr. Cotton were those of the district
schools of W'eybridge and Shoreham, and
for sixty years he has lived upon the farm he
now occupies.
Elected justice of the peace and clerk
and treasurer of his school district for many
years, he was chosen to represent Weybridge
in the Legislature of 1882, and has often
fiUed the position of juryman in many cases,
notably at the trial of Chaquette for raurder.
Mr. Cotton has of late been rauch em
ployed in the settlement of estates, and has
not been able to accept aU trusts of this nat
ure ofifered to him. He is a constant reader
and has devoted much attention to the law,
of which he has acquired considerable
knowledge. He is a cultured gentleman of
strict integrity, and much respected by his
fellow-citizens.

ALANSON LAWRENCE COOPER.
In i863-'64 he was stationed at Mont
peher, and whUe there Mr. Cooper was
elected chaplain of the House of Represen
tatives. During the civil war, he was busily
engaged in charitable efforts to improve the
condition of our gaUant soldiers in the field,
and in the hospital at Montpelier.
He received the degree of Bachelor of
Divinity in 1880, and, nine years later, that
of Doctor of Divinity, from the Garrett Bibli
cal Institute, and has been occasional con
tributor to the Vermont Christian Messen
ger, and Zion's Herald. He is also endowed
with some talent for poetical composition.
He represented the Verraont Conference
as a delegate to the general conference of
his church in Chicago in 1868.
COTTON, JOSHUA Franklin, of Mid
dlebury, son of WUliam and Dorcas (Finch)
Cotton, was born at Weybridge, Jan. 27,
1820. His parents were of English and Dutch
stock ; his grandfather enlisting in the Revo-

JOSHUA FRANKLIN COTTON.
He married, Dec. 20, 1844, Abby C,
daughter of Olive Lathrop of Weybridge.
Mrs. Cotton died in February, 1888.
COWLES, ASAHEL READ, of New
port, son of Leonard and EmeUne (Gray)
Cowles, was born in Craftsbury, May 26,
^^45- . „ ^
Having removed to Coventry in 1851, he
received his education in the public schools.

82

COWLES.

CRAMTON.

the Brownington Academy, and the high
school at Coventry. He studied vocal rausic
with James and Albert W^hitney of Boston.
For twenty years of his life he has devoted
himself to teaching vocal music, four years
in New Y'ork. He is extensively engaged in
the sale of musical instruments and sewing
machines. He has stores for the sale of
these articles in Newport and MorrisviUe.
JT He is a raeraber of the Repubhcan party,
a Master Mason and member of Memphre
magog Lodge, No. 64, Newport ; belongs to
the Methodist Episcopal church in Newport,
and is now leader of its choir.

ASAHEL READ COWLES.
He married, Dec. 30, 1S71, Hattie E.,
daughter of ^ViUiam P. and Lydia (Andrus)
Titus of Craftsbury, and by her had two
sons : Harry E., and Percy W.
COWLES, Elmer Eugene, of Wey
bridge, son of S. B. M. and Lucy M. (Weth-
erbee) Cowles, was born in New Haven,
August 21, 1 86 1.
He graduated first from Beeman Acad
emy, New Haven, 1877, and at Middlebury
College in the class of 1884 with high hon
ors. Devoting his Ufe to teaching, for two
years he was corapeUed to resign this calling
by the failure of his eyesight and since that
tirae has been occupied in agricultural pur
suits, raaking a specialty of breeding \aluable
stock — notably Merino sheep. Mr. Cowles
has held several minor appointments, but
has never sought ofifice. He has been town
superintendent and secretary of the county

board of education, and a member of the
board of selectmen. He holds to the gen
eral principles of the RepubUcan party, but
in politics is conservative. He is a member
of the Delta Upsilon.

ELMER EUGENE COWLES.

Mr. Cowles married in 'Weybridge, Sept.
25, 1887, Sarah, daughter of L. J. and
Margaret Wright.
CRAMTON, JOHN Willey, son of
Elihu and Lois Cramton, was born in Tin
mouth, Nov. 10, 1826.
Receiving the customary education of that
time in the schools of Tinmouth, Mr. Cram-
ton, after working the home farra for several
years, changed the scene of his labors to
Templeton, Mass., where for more than
three years he was engaged in the business
of peddling.
In January, 1853, he carae to Rutland,
where he began the manufacture of tin
ware ; a business which he still continues.
But in addition, in i860, he became the
proprietor of the Central House, at that
tirae a hotel well known in Rutland county.
In 1864 he purchased the BardweU House,
where he now resides. Mr. Cramton is
raost widely and creditably known through
out the state. A description of the various
positions he has fiUed, both in a private and
public capacity, would far exceed the
allotted space of this sketch. In 1886 he
became a trustee of the Howe Scale Co.,
then in financial straits ; and upon its re
organization, he was chosen vice-president,

^^-^y^^-^^^^^^-.^-,.^^

COYNE.

CRANE.

which position he holds today. For more
than ten years he was director of the state's
prison, being appointed by Governor Bar
stow to that post. He is president of the
Baxter National Bank, the True Blue Marble
Co., the Steam Stone Cutter Co., and the
Rutland Street Railway ; and has acted as
chief executive ofificer of the village corpor
ation of Rutiand for several terms. Nor
does Mr. Cramton confine his efforts to
financial trusts. He is also an extensive ag-
riculturahst of the progressive type, owning
large estates in Rutland and Clarendon, one
of which is devoted to the produce of the
dairy ; and all are noted for the breeding of
fine horses and blooded stock. During the
war Mr. Cramton was largely engaged in
buying horses for the army ; and he is now
director of the Vermont Horse Breeders'
Association. For raore than twenty years
his voice has been potent as a director of
the State Fair Association, and he has also
held many offices in the Fair Association of
Rutland county.
Strongly attached to the principles of the
Republican party, he has never paid much
attention to political office-seeking, but has
held it sufificient to confine himself to the
duties of a good citizen and kind-hearted
neighbor ; in appreciation of which he was
chosen senator of Rutland county in 1888.
He was raarried Oct. 3, 1882, to Florence
Belle, only daughter of Jacob and Mary
Bucklin Gates.
Mr. Craraton has not confined his pecu
niary transactions to Vermont, but has
varied and extensive interests in many other
states. His religious creed is that of the Protes
tant Episcopal church, and he has entered
the ranks of F"ree Masonry, being a Knight
Templar attached to Killington Command
ery. He also belongs to the Knights of
Pythias and the Plymouth Rock Association.
It wiU be seen that Mr. Cramton has led
a most busy life. It is miich to his credit
that he has filled so successfully the many
and varied responsibUities that his active
and honorable career has thrust into his
hands. COYNE, Peter M., of Maidstone, son
of Michael and Sabrina (Connor) Coyne,
was born at Spiddle, Ireland, March 14,
1847. Mr. Coyne came to this country a father
less boy at the age of nine years. After re
maining about two years at Island Pond, he
went to Lancaster, N. H., and received his
education in the comraon schools of that
town. Having his own way to raake in the
world under adverse circumstances, he re
raained in Lancaster until 1876, laboring on
farm and raUroad, untU by patient industry

and thrift, he acquired an ample property.
He then went to Maidstone where he pur
chased a large farra on which he now re
sides. He has also given considerable at
tention to lumbering on the Connecticut
river. Affiliated with the Deraocratic party, from
his ability and faithfulness he has been
elected by his townsmen to many positions
of trust, and was a useful raeraber of the
Legislature in 1888.
Mr. Coyne enlisted in the 14th New
Hampshire Regiment, but being a minor
could not gain the consent of his guardian,
and was not received into the service.
He was married in March, 1878, to Mary
E., daughter of James and Margaret Malone,
and their union has been blessed with five
chUdren : Eddie M., James, Mary, Theresa,
and Peter.
CRANE, Joseph Adolphus, of
Greensboro, son of Romanus and Asenath
(Goodrich), Crane, was born at Greensboro
August 26, 1842.
Attending the public schools of Greens
boro, he completed his course of study in
the academies at South Hardwick and Barre,
and then taught school for several winters,
working for his father in the summer. At
his father's death in 1879 he succeeded to
the estate, which he sold in 1881, and took
up his residence in the village. He has
made a specialty of dairy produce and grade
Jerseys. Mr. Crane entered into partner
ship with L. F. Babbitt in 1887 and the firm
did a general mercantile business. Later he
bought out his partner and continued the
business in connection with E. O. Randall.
Republican in his political faith, he has
served as a member of the town committee,
as a justice for several terras, and as super
intendent of the pubhc schools. He is an
Odd Fellow and belongs to LamoiUe Lodge,
No. 26, at East Hardwick.
A member of the Congregational church
for twenty-five years, he for a long time per
formed the duties of parish clerk and super
intendent of the Sunday school.
He was united in marriage to Irene S.,
daughter of Elihu and Ruth (Bean) Wright,
Jan. 25, 1 87 1. Of this union there was one
child : Jennie Asenath.
CROFT, LEONARD F., of North Clar
endon, son of William and Ruth (Palmer)
Croft, was born in Wallingford, May 25,
1851. After receiving a coramon school educa
tion in the schools of his native town, sup
plemented by a course at Burr and Burtoft
Seminary at Manchester and Kimball Union
Academy at Meriden, N. H., he entered St.
Lawrence University at Canton, N.Y., where

CROSSETT.

CUDWORTH.

85

he remained a year. He then entered
Union College of Schenectady, N. Y., where
he graduated with high honors in the de
partment of civil engineering in the class of
1873. After completing his education, he
engaged in railroad and raining engineering
in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and for
about three years was the mining engineer
in charge of the Penn Gas Coal Co. near
Pittsburg. Returning to his native state in
1878, he purchased a large farra in Clar
endon, on which he has since resided. He
has been successful in this agricultural en
terprise and found it remunerative, still he
has given some attention to engineering,
especiaUy in cases which have come before

LEONARD F. CROFT
the courts. He is an extensive dairy farraer
and breeder of Holstein catde, and has .also
been successful in breeding fine road horses.
He has filled nearly aU the ofifices of trust
in his adopted town, and represented Clar
endon in the Legislature of 1890.
Mr. Croft, from his natural abilities and
superior educational advantages, is naturally
an influential raan in' his town and section
of the county.
CROSSETT, JANUS, of Waterbury, was
born in Duxbury, Nov. 12, 1823. His par
ents were Edward and Hannah (Carter)
Crossett. Edward Crossett was a prorainent citizen
and farraer of the town of Duxbury. His
father dying when Janus was twenty-one

years old, frora that time the entire care and
support of the family devolved upon Janus.
Mr. Crossett comraencing as a farmer, soon
devoted his attention to the luraber business,
which he has since carried on for raore than
thirty years. He is a practical raan, with a
bent for statistics, and during the last forty-
four years he has kept a careful record of
business raatters, which has been of rauch
use as the basis of various settiements.
A RepubUcan in poUtics, he has held one
or more town offices constantly for the last
forty years. He represented Duxbury in the
Legislature in i8s5-'56-'57, and was elected
assistant judge in 1871. A devoted advo
cate of temperance, he has never used Uquor
or tobacco, and carries his three score and
ten years as actively as most raen do fifty.
For forty years he has been a member of
the ^Vinooski Lodge, No. 49, F. & A. M., of
Waterbury. He married, Nov. 27, 1844, Eureta R.,
daughter of Amos and Fanny (Wheeler)
Crosby. They have two chUdren : Menta
F. (Mrs. E. W. Huntley), and James E.
CUDWORTH, ADDISON EDWARD, of
South Londonderry, son of Abijah Whiton
and Sarah M. (Simraonds) Cudworth, was
born in Savoy, Mass., July 3, 1852.
His early education was obtained at the
common schools, and he was fitted for col
lege at Green Mountain Perkins Academy,
South Woodstock. Entering Dartmouth
College in the class of 1877, at the end of
the sophomore year he left school on
account of failure of eyesight. His parents
successively removed to Winhall, Weston,
and finally, in 1869, to South Londonderry,
where he has since resided. In the faU of
1876 Mr. Cudworth began the study of law
in the ofifice of Hon. J. L. Martin ; was ad
mitted to the bar in September, 1879, and
entered into partnership with Mr. Martin,
which connection continued till the removal
of the latter to Brattleboro, since which
period Mr. Cudworth has continued the
business by himself. In 1880 he was elected
state's attorney for his county, and four years
later he represented the town in the General
.Assembly. Mr. i. udworth is a direct de
scendant in the ninth generation of Gen.
James Cudworth of Scituate, Mass., who
came to the country in 1632.
He was married April 15, 1880, to Mary
Esther, daughter of James Martin and
Louisa (McWhorter) Rogers of Hebron, N.
Y. A son and daughter have been issue of
this alliance : Clyde E., and Ina S., both
of whora died in December, 1892.
CUMMINGS, HARLAN P., of North
Thetford, son of Eben and Betsey J. Cum
mings, was born Jan. 19, 1837, in Thetford.

86

CURRIER.

CURRIER.

Eben Cummings was one of the first set
tlers of the town. He served in the war of
1812 and assisted in proving land war
rants for the soldiers, who took part in the
struggle, and their widows. He occupied
the farm where Harlan P. now resides, and
was one of the most trusted and influential
citizens of the town.
Obtaining his educational training in the
comraon schools and at Thetford Acaderay,
he has devoted his whole life to agricultural
pursuits and has made raising Merino sheep
a specialty. He has always been an enter
prising and public-spirited raan and was in
strumental in introducing the creamery
which has contributed so much to the pros
perity of the town. He contributed largely
toward the buUding of the church and Lyme
bridge, and has been clerk of these corpora
tions nearly forty years.
Mr. Cummings is much interested in the
cause of education and is a trustee of Thet
ford Academy. He has a large amount of
probate business, holding in trust a great
amount of property, a fact which shows he
enjoys to a high degree the confidence and
respect of the community.
He has for a long time been chairman of
the Republican town coraraittee and presi
dent of the political club of the town.
Twenty-five years since he was elected jus
tice of the peace, holding this office contin
uously, and in 1876 was chosen to the Gen
eral Assembly by a large majority, and was
postmaster at North Thetford frora 1866 to
1876. Mr. Curaraings enlisted in Co. A, 15th
Regt. Vt. Vols., and continued with it every
day during its entire term of service. After
the close of the war he became an active
member ofthe E. B. Frost Post, G. A. R.
CURRIER, JOHN WlNNICK, of North
Troy, son of John and Mary (Elkins) Cur
rier, was born in that town, April 5, 1835.
Mr. Currier is a fine representative of
American self-made men. When only nine
years old he graduated frora the "Uttle red
schoolhouse" and went with his father into
the cotton mills at Palmer, Mass., and frora
this date he has only himself to thank for
his success in life's struggle and for the lib
eral education which he has derived from
keen observation, undaunted energy and
honorable ambition. After leaving the cot
ton niiUs he reraoved to Holyoke, where he
learned the jeweler's trade, and in 1854 went
to Boston to take charge of a wholesale jew
elry store.
In 1854 he enhsted in the Springfield City
Guards under Col. Henry S. Briggs, and
when the civil war began he hastened frora
Pennsylvania to join his corapany, which
had volunteered its services in response to

President Lincoln's first caU for troops.
After doing duty for a time af the U. S.
Arsenal in Springfield, he was enrolled for
three years. May 31, 1861, and mustered in
as sergeant in Co. F, loth Mass. Infantry,
serving with his regiment at the Washington
Navy Yard and Arsenal till August 9, 1862,
when he was sent to Massachusetts to assist
in recruiting a regiment. January 6, 1862,
he was discharged for promotion. Made
adjutant of the ist Va. Vols., Nov. 26, 1862,
he was appointed additional paymaster U. S.
Vols. Jan. 14, 1863, which post he decUned
in order to accept from the provost marshal
of the Array of the Potomac a position for
furnishing mihtary clothing and equipments,
being stationed at City Point, Va.

JOHN WlNNICK CURRIER.

In 187 1 he returned to North Troy,
bought the old homestead and erected an
elegant residence thereon, and has created a
raodel farra from the estate. His winters
are mostly spent in Boston or on his South
ern plantation.
Mr. Currier is a very pubhc-spirited man
and has done much for the benefit of his
native village. He planned and was chiefly
instruraental in constructing the present fine
system of waterworks.
He is a raeraber of Post BaUey, No. 67,
G. A. R., one of the largest posts in the
county, and gave Carap J. W. Currier, S. of
v., No. 81, a fine flag. He is also president
of the Orleans County Veterans' Associa
tion, and an honorary meraber of the State
National Guard.

CURTIS.

CUSHING.

In poUtics a strong adherent of the Dem
ocratic party, he has been entrusted with
nearly all the town ofifices, was made town
representative in 1878 and again in 1882.
He has been Democratic ca.ndidate for
member of Congress and Lieutenant-Gov
ernor, and has attended every national con
vention since 1872, nearly always as delegate
or alternate, and was U. S. Deputy Marshal
for four years under President Cleveland's
first administration.
In religious profession he is an Episco
palian. Since 18 71 Mr. Currier has extensively
engaged in the manufacture of lumber and
has erected at North Troy a flouring mUl
with a capacity of one hundred barrels per
day. He was interested in building the
Clyde River R. R., now a part of the C. P.
R. R. system, and was one of the original
constructors of the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe. He has given much attention to
the formation of companies for handling
patent rights and developing mines. He is
naturally very social in his tastes and is a
Free Mason, and a raeraber of the Scotch
Charitable Society in Boston, the oldest
organization of the kind in Araerica.
Noveraber 9, 1866, he married Eveline,
daughter of John E. and Laura (WUlard)
Chamberlain of Newbury. Of this union
were two sons: John (deceased), and
Charles Elliot. An adopted daughter is the
wife of T. L. Wadleigh, of Meredith, N. H.
CURTIS, JOHN, of North Dorset, son
of Daniel and Betsey (Bowen) Curtis, was
born in that town, Dec. 24, 1819.
He received his education in the com
mon schools, and fitted for coUege at the
Burr Seminary of Manchester and the Cas
tieton Academy, and after this preliminary
instruction graduated from the U. V. M. in
1847. During his school-boy days, in con
nection with his brother, he made many ex
periments in electricity, proposing to com
municate instantaneously from one place to
another by this means through a wire prop
erly arranged. While he was pursuing his
collegiate course, he was greatly dismayed
to learn that Professor Morse had invented
the magnetic telegraph, which he had put in
operation, and thus anticipated all efforts of
Mr. Curtis in that direction. After his
graduation he stiU continued to devote him
self to mechanics, and thus became a scien
tific and mechanical engineer. He was
soon employed by the state of New York to
look after the engines and other mechanical
appliances used in the state's prison at Dan-
nemora. Being convinced of the impor
tance of using steam expansively, he soon
constructed a valve which he attached to the
engine in the machine shop, whereby it was

forced to use steam in this manner, and the
experiments proved remarkably successful.
At this time the U. V. M. honored hira with
the degree of A. M.
Soon after he left Dannemora and
returned to his native place, where he was
interested in the construction of the Ben
nington & Rutland R. R. Mr. Curtis has
made various improvements in engines, on
three of which he has obtained patents. It
is in no small raeasure owing to his efforts in
this direction that he has the satisfaction of
seeing the engine of today doing its work
with less than one-fourth part of the fuel
formerly required.

JOHN CURTIS.
Mr. Curtis was married in 1 851. to the
widow of the late Dr. Cochran of Dorset.
The 6th day of July, 1865, he was again
united to Nancy Mosher, daughter of Alba
and Rebecca (Mosher) Marshall of Troy,
N. Y. Two children have been born to
them : Marion Ada, and John Daniel.
He has always been a strong Republican,
but without any disposition for ofifice seek
ing. Always interested in education he has,
however, been superintendent of the schools
continuously for about twenty years. In 1884
he consented to the nomination of state
senator for Bennington county, and was
elected to that iraportant position.
CUSHING, Daniel L., of Quechee,
son of TheophUus, who was an early settler
of Hartford, and Lucinda (Richardson)
Cushing, was born in that town, August
4, 1834-

88

CUSHING.

CUSHING.

Commencing his education in the cora
raon schools and graduating at Newbury
Seminary in 1851. Having fitted himself
for a civU engineer he entered the city
engineer's ofifice of Hartford, Conn. WhUe
there he laid out the grounds and buildings
of the Colt manufactory of fire-arms, since
destroyed by fire. In 1854 he entered the

DANIEL L. CUSHING.
service of the state of New York where he
had the practical oversight of that portion of
the enlargement of the Erie Canal extend
ing from Rochester to Lyons. Afterward,
removing to the West, Mr. Cushing built
thirty miles of railroad under raost dis
couraging circumstances and his success in
this undertaking proved his unusual energy
and executive ability. When the civil war
broke out Mr. Cushing manifested great
zeal in recruiting volunteers and raised two
companies for the service of his country.
Returning to Hartford, for family reasons,
he concluded to remain and invested in real
estate and mercantile interests. In 1886, he
with others, helped organize and construct
the Hartford Woolen MUls. Mr. Cushing
has settled many difficult estates and held
many public ofifices in his native place and
has ably represented it in both branches of
the Legislature
Mr. Cushing is a Free Mason and a mem
ber of Hartford Lodge of Hartford.
In September, 1867, he married Ellen F.,
daughter of WiUiam and Eveline (Porter)
Clark, of which union have been born six

children . Henry Clark, Mary Porter, Edwin
L., Annie L., Daniel T., and Frederic G.
CUSHING, Haynes Porter, son of
Matthew and Resia (Woodruff) Cushing,
was born in Burke, June 10, 1816.
He received his education in the district
schools of Burke, at Lyndon Academy and
Newbury Seminary. Eraphatically a self-
made man, he often related with pride the
fact that when he started for the last named
institution he left home with his parents'
blessing and just fifty cents in raoney.
Commencing his life's career as an educa
tor, he was successful in his vocation in many
towns in New Hampshire and Vermont,
and especially so at Newbury Seminary.
In 1844 he joined the Vermont Metho
dist conference in full connection, and filled
some of the most important appointments
in the gift of that body. 'When he had
been preaching only nine years, six of the
best parishes in Vermont sought his minis
tration, for he had always proved a most
successful pastor, alike popular with old
and young. Faithful, devoted, earnest, fear
less in espousing his convictions, gifted with

HAYNES PORTER CUSHING.
great persuasive power and deep piety, it is
not to be wondered at that at his death,
Oct. 21, 1890, an utterly irreligious man
should pay this tribute to his memory : "He
was a true minister and was a friend to
sinners." Mr. Cushing was united in marriage to
Miss Nancy Maria, daughter of Alanson S.

CUSHMAN.

CUTLER.

and Gratia (Fletcher) Shaw, who died Dec.
31, 1877. To thera were born three chil
dren ; Ella C. (Mrs. A. L. Finney of Lyn-
donviUe), Charles E., and another who died
in infancy. February 26, 1879, he con
tracted a second aUiance with Miss Delia
Grace, daughter of WiUiam and Nancy
(Calef) Huntington of Washington, Vt.
Interested in educational affairs, Mr.
Cushing held the ofiice of superintendent of
schools for many years in the dififerent
scenes of his professional labors. A strong
Republican in principle and vote, he repre
sented Barton in the Legislature during the
war, and upon hira devolved the duties of
chaplain of the House in 1857 and 1878.
During the civil war he was twice offered
the post of military chaplain, but was obliged
to decline on account of feeble health.
Ever active in the cause of temperance,
he joined the society of Good Templars in
1865, holding many of the highest offices
and being their delegate to the R. W. G. L.
when the latter held their sessions in Bos
ton, Detroit, Richmond and Bloomington,
111. He served as Grand Lecturer, and in
this post worked raost zealously and effect
ively to promote the interests of the order.
His life in general was consecrated to good
works, and he was a good and faithful serv
ant in the discharge of every duty and
responsibUity. CUSHMAN, 2ND, Henry T., of Ben
nington, son of J. Halsey and Martha Louise
(Thayer) Cushman, was born in Benning
ton, May 6, 1866.
His education was obtained in the graded
schools of the village, and he comraenced
his active business life in the capacity of
grocer's clerk ; but, before a year had
elapsed, in 1880, he became an operator in
the Bennington Telephone Exchange and
was soon promoted to be superintendent.
He then, for a short period, entered the
employ of the New Haven (Conn.) Clock
Co., but returned to Bennington, in 1885,
and engaged in his forraer occupation until
the exchange was closed, when for a few
raonths, he worked in the ofifice of the
Bennington Banner, with the intention of
learning the trade of a printer. Abandon
ing this atterapt, in 1887, he coramenced to
read law in the ofifice of WilUam B. Sheldon,
and was admitted to the bar after three
years study. The Hon. Mr. Cushman was
admitted to practice at the general term of
the supreme court, in 1890, and was ap
pointed master in chancery two years
later. He entered into partnership with his
forraer instructor, and they now enjoy a
large and lucrative practice. Mr. Cush
man was of counsel for the defence in the
case of State vs. Bent and Roberts (64 Vt.),

and associate counsel, for the defence, in
State vs. Bradley, an important crirainal
case, that attracted rauch attention.
He has taken an active part in political
afifairs, and, as a Republican speaker, did
much effective service in the presidential
campaign of 1892, in Bennington county.
He has been chosen clerk of the Ben
nington graded school district, and is at
present president of the Bennington Village
Corporation. In 1882 he was appointed
assistant state librarian, and in 1891 offici
ated as one of the commUtee of fifty of the
battle monument and state centennial cele
brations, especiaUy devoting his efforts to
the entertainment of the guests, serving as
chairman of that committee. He was one
of the charter members and organizers ot
the State Fireman's xAssociation, of which
institution, in 1892, he was elected presi
dent, and re-elected in 1893.
Mr. Cushman is an enthusiastic and
worthy member of the Improved Order of
Red Men, and is the Chief of Records of
the local tribe. He is also a member of the
Masonic fraternity, and interested in
brotherhood work, following in this respect
his honored father, who was widely known
as a Free Mason. He is a Congregation
alist in his religious faith.
CUTLER, Henry Ralph, is a native of
Glover, his parents were Henry and Cordelia

HENRY RALPH CUTLER.

(Skinner) Cutler, and he was born Dec. i,
i860.

90

CUTTING.

CUTTING.

In early life he attended the public schools
of Glover and Barton, and afterwards was a
pupil of the St. Johnsbury Academy. With
this preparatory education he coraraenced
his business life as clerk for J. W. HaU of
Barton, but afterwards entered the eraploy
of D. L. DwineU of Glover, with whom he
remained five years. Since 1883 he has
represented the large clothing house of
Cushing, Olmstead & Snow of Boston, Mass.
He is a Repubhcan in his pohtical pro
fession, and was appointed a colonel on Gov
ernor Page's staff.
Colonel Cutler is a member of Lodge No.
55, Free and Accepted Masons, of Barton,
and of the Commercial TraveUers' Union of
Boston. Though liberal in his religious
beUef, he attends and contributes to the
Congregational church at Barton.
June I, 1889, he married Ahce E., daugh
ter of J. E. DwineU of Glover.
CUTTING, Hiram Adolphus, son of
Stephen C. and EUza (Dariing) Cutting,
was born in Concord, Dec. 23, 1832, and
died AprU 18, 1892.
Though of distinguished ancestors, both
on father's and mother's side, he derived no
adventitious aid from ancestry or wealth.
Receiving his eariiest instructions in the dis
trict school, he diUgently availed hiraseU of
whatever advantages it had to offer. From
his sixteenth year until he attained his major
ity he taught school from three to five
months annually. He also attended school
,at the St. Johnsbury Academy in the spring
and fall — sometimes both — and served
therein as assistant teacher.
Desiring to enter the medical profession,
from the age of fifteen he studied its theory
and practice, under the tuition of Dr.
George C. Wheeler of St. Johnsbury, but
his health gave way and for a tirae he be
carae a land surveyor. At the age of nine
teen he becarae assistant to D. H. HuU, one
of the first proprietors of an itinerant
daguerreotype-car in Vermont. He contin
ued in this employment until he entertained
a proposition from his uncle, John G. Dar-
hng, a successful merchant of Concord, who
proposed that he and Cutting should open a
store at Lunenburg. The proposal was ac
cepted and the new firra began business on
the ist of January, 1855. The connection
thus established lasted successfully for twenty-
five years, when Mr. Cutting purchased the
entire stock and business. After that he
conducted the enterprise alone. In July,
1870, a fire consumed the store, together
with raost of its contents. His loss was
heavy, and was aggravated by the destruction
of a very extensive geological coUection and
of more than a thousand volumes — raainly

scientific works — that had been placed in
the second story of the building.
In 1870 he recommenced his medical
studies privately, under the tuition of Prof.
E. E. Phelps of Dartraouth CoUege, and
soon after received a diploraa from this
institution. At the close of the war he took out a
license as claim-agent, and prosecuted hun
dreds of claims to a successful issue. In
June, 1873, he was appointed examining
surgeon. In addition to this oflfice, he held
those of special notary public and master in
chancery.

HIRAM ADOLPHUS CUTTING,

Dr. Cutting was appointed state curator of
the cabinet by Gov. John W. Stewart in
1870, and in the same year he received the
further appointment of state geologist, was
reappointed by Gov. J. Converse, and was
subsequently confirmed in the ofifice until
change should be necessary. In 1880 he
was appointed by Gov. RosweU Farnham to
a position in the board of agriculture, and
was elected its secretary. As chairman of
the Fish Commission of Vermont, in which
position he was placed by. Governor Farn
ham, Dr. Cutting was no less useful than in
other relations. In 1868, Norwich Univer
sity conferred the degree of A. M., and that
of Doctor of Philosophy upon him the fol
lowing year. In consequence of his scien
tific attainments he was made a member,
active, corresponding, or honorary, of no less
than seventy-nine scientific, Uterary, and

CUTTING.
medical societies scattered throughout Amer
ica and Europe. As geologist, metallurgist,
mining expert, practical and consulting
scientist, he was perhaps not exceUed in New
England, if indeed in the United States.
Dr. Cutting was the possessor of a library of
twenty thousand volumes and a cabinet of
minerals and curios containing thirty thous
and specimens.
He was married on the 3d of February,
1856, to Marinda E. Haskell of Lennox-
vUle, Canada East.
CUTTING, Oliver B., of West Con
cord, son of FrankUn and Prudence (Isham)
Cutting, was born in Concord, Sept. 12, 1837.
Mr. Cutting was brought up a farmer, re
ceiving his education at the common and
high schools in Concord and Waterford. At
nineteen years of age he commenced teach
ing in the winter and working in the summer
on the farra. In 1868 he began business as
a druggist and book dealer, to which occu
pation he StUl devotes himself. He has been
appointed local agent for the Vermont Mutual
Fire Insurance Co.
A memiber of the Republican party, he
was appointed postmaster in 1877, and held
that ofifice eight years.
EnUsting as a private in the Union army,
August 20, 1864, he was wounded at the
battle of Cedar Creek, Oct. 19 of the sarae
year, and discharged frora the hospital in
May, 1865.
He is a Master Mason and a meraber of
the Grand Array.
He was first married Feb. 23, 1865, to
Lavina, daughter of Russell and Louisa
Powers. One child, Ursula M., was born to
them, and his wife died May 3, 1868. He
contracted a second marriage with Lois B.,
daughter of Austin and Abigail Robinson,
Feb. 7, 1872. They have two children :
Clarence F., and Susie L.
CUTTING, William B., of Westmin
ster, son of Samuel and Hannah (Brackett)
Cutting, was born in Green River, Nov.
20, 1827. Receiving a coraraon school
education, at the age of sixteen Mr. Cut
ting commenced his business life as a clerk,
and afterwards engaged in the manufacture
of paper in connection with other mercan
tile pursuits.
In 1853 he removed to Boston and entered
the employ of the Old Colony R. R., and
also started in the grocery trade. In 1854
he coramenced to work for the IndianapoUs

CUTTING.

91

and Cincinnati Railroad Co., continuing
until April, 1861, when iU health compelled
his removal to Kalamazoo, Mich., where he
formed a partnership to carry on the grocery
and produce business, also the manufacture
of lumber and barrel staves. He was again
forced by sickness to return to the East,
where he took up his residence at Spring
field, Mass., afterwards in Brattieboro, and
finally, in 187 1, settied on a farm in West
minster West, where he now resides.

WILLIAM B. CUTTING.

A Free Soiler prior to the formation of the
RepubUcan party, Mr. Cutting took an active
part in the Freraont and Lincoln poUtical
carapaigns and continued for some time to
act with that party, but differs frora it on the
tariff question, and is now an Independent.
Elected to the state Senate in 1882, he has
held most of the town offices, and has been
justice of the peace for twenty years. He
has been a meraber of several organizations
of the I. O. O. F., and Master of Maple
Grove Grange of Westrainster West. Mr.
Cutting is a Unitarian in his rehgious views.
He raarried, August 12, 1851, Mary A.,
daughter of Grant W. and Matilda (Camp
beU) Ranney. By her he had six children :
WilUam L., Mary R., Charies C, Frank H.,
Stella M., and Nelly G.

92

DAMON.

DALE, George N., of island Pond,
son .of James and Jane (Needham) Dale,
was born in Fairfax, Feb. 19, 1834.
After attending the coramon schools in
Waitsfield, he studied two or three years at
Thetford Academy. Resolving to become
a lawyer, Mr. Dale commenced his studies

GEORGE N. DALE.
in the office of Dillingham & Durant at
Waterbury and was adraitted to the bar at
the March term of the Washington county
¦court in 1856. He then entered into part
nership with Hon. W. H. Hartshorn at
Guildhall, where he continued to practice
till 1 86 1. At that time he removed to
Island Pond and for several years pursued
his profession, both by himself and whh the
firms of Dale & Robinson at Derby and Bar
ton, and with Dale & Carpenter in Charies
ton, but since 1882 he has confined his
ofifice work to Island Pond.
Governor Dale is afifiUated with the Masonic
fraternity, being a raeraber of the following
organizations : Island Pond Lodge No. 44,
Haswell Chapter, St. Johnsbury, and North
Star Commandery Knights Templar, of
Lancaster, N. H.
He married, Oct. 6, 1865, Helen M.,
daughter of Porter and Mary P. (Wilder)
Hinman, and their union has been blessed
with three children : Porter H., Helen Inez,
and Mary Lettie.
Governor Dale has been honored with
many ofifices in the gift of the people. He

was state's attorney for Essex county for four
years from Deceraber, 185 7, and was chosen
to the Legislature frora GuUdhaU in i860.
Soon after he received the appointment of
Deputy Collector of Customs and was put
in charge of the port of Island Pond. This
ofifice he resigned in 1866 but was reap
pointed in 187 1 and discharged its duties
till 1882. He was a member of the state
Senate for four consecutive terms from 1866
and in 1870 was elected Lieutenant-Gover
nor of the state. In the Legislature of 1892
he represented the town of Brighton.
Governor Dale was president of the Ver
raont Bar Association in 1886. As an advo
cate and orator he commands the admira
tion, and, as a man, wins the love of those
who know him.
DAMON, Charles, of victory, son of
Benjamin and Fanny (Jaseph) Damon, was
born in Kirby, Jan. 9, 1824.

CHARLES DAMON.
His educatioual advantages were derived
from the common schools, and he adopted
the trade of a tanner and currier, which
in connection with the boot and shoe busi
ness he pursued for eighteen years in the
Dominion of Canada. In 185 2, Mr. Damon,
allured by the golden promises of California,
emigrated to that state, and for five years
was alternately eraployed in raining and the
milk business. Returning to Coaticook, P.
Q., he purchased a farm and gave much at-

DANA.

DANA.

93

tention to breeding Morgan horses, in which
he met with great success, raising some very
valuable stock. In 1873 he reraoved to
Victory, where he stiU devotes hiraself to
stock raising and agriculture.
He was married at West Concord, Dec.
20, 1874, to Ehzabeth A., daughter of
Richard T. and Joanna (Bandfield) Boyce,
and by her he has had one daughter :
Lilian A.
Mr. Damon held the ofifice of school cora
raissioner and councilor, at different tiraes,
while a resident of Coaticook, and while in
Victory he has been selectraan, town treasu
rer and agent, as well as lister. For two
terms he has been the choice of a Repub
lican majority to represent thera in the
lower branch of the state Legislature.
DANA, Charles S., of New Haven, son
of Hon. Edward S. and Mary (Squier) Dana,
was born in New Haven, Sept. 13, 1862.

nuraber of years, and has taken an active
interest in poUtics since attaining his ma
jority. For six years he was a member of the Re
publican town committee, has served as a
delegate in state, district and county con
ventions, and enjoys the distinction of hav
ing been the youngest man ever elected, in
New Haven to be moderator of the annual
town meeting. He was one of a com
mittee of three to raise money to build the
present Congregational church of that place.
He was census enumerator in 1890.
In 1880 Mr. Dana was assistant door
keeper of the Vermont state Senate, and
assistant secretary of that body in 1890.
He now holds the position of secretary of
the Addison County Agricultural Society,
and in 1893 was appointed as a meraber of
Co. 19, Columbian Guards, at the World's
Fair. Mr. Dana is a member of LInion
Lodge, No. 2, F. & A. M., and takes a
lively interest in all matters pertaining to the
agricultural, political 1 and moral welfare of
Vermont. DANA, Marvin Hill, of Stillwater, in.
Y., son of Edward Summers and Mary Howe
Squier Dana, was born in Cornwall, March
2, 1867.
Having obtained his earUer education at
Beeman Academy, he afterwards graduated

CHARLE S. DANA.
His father, Hon. E. S. Dana, was for
many years assistant clerk of the National
House of Representatives at Washington, one
of the leading Free Masons of the state, and
served in both branches of the state Legis
lature. Charles S. Dana follows the vocation of a
farmer, and in connection with his mother
is possessor of one of the finest estates m
Vermont. He is also the owner of the
largest private library in Addison county.
He has acted as newspaper correspondent
for many daily and weekly newspapers for a

MARVIN HILL DANA.

at Middlebury College, the Sauveur School
of Languages, the law department of Union
University, and the General Theological

94

DARLING.

DARLING.

Seminary in New York City. He also took
a post-graduate course at the University of
New York. He received the degrees of
A. B. and A. M. from Middlebury CoUege
and L. L. B. frora Union University. After
studying law in the ofifice of Judge Lyraan
E. Knapp, Mr. Dana practiced his profession
in Missouri and Malone, N. Y., but was sub
sequently ordained in AU Saints' Cathedral,
Albany, by Bishop Doane, June ii, 1893,
and is now pastor of St. John's Episcopal
Church, at Stillwater, N. Y.
As an author he has contributed to various
periodicals, both in prose and verse, and
has pubUshed a volume of poems entitled :
"Mater Christi and Other Poems," which
has met with a ready and flattering sale. A
volume of prose tales and sketches is soon to
be issued. He has frequently been selected
as class poet at the institutions where he has
been a student, and he was chosen by the
alumni of Middlebury College to deliver the
annual poem at the commencement of 1894.
Mr. Dana possesses eminent musical abil
ity and a marvellous raeraory, being able to
repeat any list after once hearing or reading,
and is distinguished as a linguist — reading,
writing, and speaking English, Gerraan,
French, Itahan, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic,
Latin, and Greek, and reading Hebrew,
Syreac, and Romaic.
He is the present head of the Society of
St. Paul in America. In 1892 he was nomi
nated councilor of the "American Institute
of Civics," and in 1893, Fellow of the Royal
Geographical Society of Great Britain.
DARLING, JOSEPH Kimball, of Chel
sea, son of Jesse and Rebecca (Whitaker)
Darling, was born March 8, 1833, at
Corinth. He received his educational training at
Corinth Acaderay and at the hands of a
private tutor. Being desirous to see some
thing of the world beyond the boundaries of
his native state, in 1853 Mr. Darling went
to California, where he was eraployed in
surveying and mining tUl 1861. Returning
to Corinth he purchased a farm, upon which
he labored for two years. Feeling that it
was his duty to give his services to his
country in the civU war, he enlisted, August
16, 1862, as a private in Co. H, 12th Vt.
Regt., and was raustered out at Brattleboro,
July 14, 1863.
He then for some years pursued a mer
cantUe life and was also the postmaster at
East Corinth frora 1864 to 187 1. At this
time he formed a resolution, somewhat late,
perhaps, to study law and coraraenced read
ing with Hon. Roswell Farnham. Having
been admitted to the bar in 1874 he prac
ticed at East Corinth for ten years, when

he removed to the town of Chelsea, where
he now resides.
Mr. Darling has affiliated with the Repub
lican party ; was for several years the chair
man of the Orange county Republican com
mittee ; was chosen state's attorney in 1882
and is now the deputy clerk of the Orange
county courts. He was elected from Chelsea
to represent the town in i890-'94 and while
a meraber of the Legislature served upon the
temperance, judiciary and election com
mittees, of which last body he was the chair
raan. During his latter terra of office he
was raeraber of the judiciary, ways and
means coraraittees and chairraan of the
committee on military afifairs.

JOSEPH KIMBALL DARLING.

He is attached to Ransom Post, No. 74,
G. A. R., a member of the Congregational
church at Chelsea and has been for twenty
years superintendent and teacher of a Sab
bath school.
He was married Oct. 6, 1859, at Corinth
to Marv Alice, daughter of Deacon Joseph
and Mary (Robie) Knight. She died Octo
ber, 1873, leaving four chUdren : Charles K.,
Eraraa L., Hale Knight, and Eben, the last
dying in infancy. Mr. Darling's second
raarriage was in Chelsea to Emma, daughter
of Rev. Harvey and Laura Webster. She
died AprU 5, 1885.
DARLING, J. R., of Groton, son of
John and Jennette (Brock) Dariing, was
born in Groton, Nov. 16, 1823.

DARLING.
Receiving his education at the Peacham
and DanviUe Academies, Mr. Darling re
solved to follow a business career, and
through a long and honorable life has
strictly devoted himself to mercantile and
agricultural pursuits. From 1847 to 1857
he was a member of the firm of Welch,
Darling & Clark in the town of Groton.
Since that time he has been engaged in gen
eral trade, lumbering and farming, and in
1883 he entered into a copartnership with
his sons under the firm name of Jonathan
R. Darling & Sons. Their business has
been carried on in Peachara and Groton, in
which latter place Mr. Darling owns and runs
a large saw mill.

¦^..

J. R. DARLING.
An old-time whig tiU 1856, Mr. Dariing
joined the RepubUcan party at the period of
its formation and is an ardent advocate of
the protection of American labor and indus
tries. He has held many offices of trust and
responsibihty; has been town clerk for
thirty-three years; was representative to
the Legislature in i857-'58, and state sena
tor in i88o-'8i. He was chosen assistant
judge of Caledonia county in 1869, which
position he held for three successive years.
Judge Dariing was united in marriage,
July I, 1849, to Sarah M., daughter of John
and Phebe (Heath) Taisey of Groton.
Eight children have been born to them, of
whom six are stiU living : Cyrus T., Eva-
lona, John T., Robards N., Elmer E., and
Walter Brock.

DAVENPORT. 95
Judge DarUng has never been a member
of any secret or social society.
DAVENPORT, CHARLES NEWTON,
son of Calvin N. and Lucy W. Davenport,
was born at Leyden, Mass., Oct. 20, 1830.
He received a common school education
in his native town, which he afterwards sup
plemented by study at the Shelburne Falls
Academy, and the Melrose Acaderay in
West Brattieboro. Electing to foUow the
profession of the law, he prepared to do so
by entering the office of Oscar L. Shafter of
Wilmington, Vt., where he continued for
three years. At the April term of 1854 he
was admitted as an attorney to the 'Windhara
county bar, and iraraediately entered into a
copartnership with his preceptor, but this
association was soon dissolved and Mr.
Shafter removed to California. Mr. Daven
port purchased his law library and practice
and succeeded to his position among the
legal fraternity. In 1856 he was admitted
to practice in the Vermont Suprerae Court.
He was studious, careful, earnest and am
bitious to attain professional distinction,
and quickly took position as a leader of the
bar in Windham and Bennington counties,
which he vigorously maintained for more
than a quarter of a century. In April, 185 1,
Mr. Davenport received his former law pupil,
Kittredge Haskins, into partnership, and this
connection continued for ten years. In
March, 1868, he transferred his residence
and practice frora Wilmington to Brattle
boro, which town he thenceforward raade
his horae. In June, 1875, he received his
friend, Jonathan G. Eddy, into copartner
ship. In the Federal courts of the Ver
raont district he gained great distinction and
frequently appeared before the Supreme
Court at Washington, where he was admitted
to practice in 1876.
Mr. Davenport was a Democrat, but
always erratic, and in his later years usually
styled himself an Independent. In the cara
paign of i860, the distinction between the
Douglas and Breckenridge faction was most
clearly marked and bitterly fought among
the Verraont Deraocrats. Mr. Davenport
rapidly rose to the leadership of the Douglas
wing until it gained the control of the party
in the state. Several times he was the Dem
ocratic candidate of his district for election
to Congress. In 1865, and again in 1868,
he was the Democratic nominee for Gov
ernor. Painful and deep-seated disease
brought him to his deathbed, April 12,
1882. His funeral from the Baptist church
of Brattleboro was largely attended by the
citizens and by raerabers of the Masonic
fraternity, to which he had long belonged.
He was married on the 12th of December,
1854, to Louisa Haynes of Lowell, Mass.,

96

DAVISON.

DAVIDSON.

who bore him six children, of whom four
died young. Two stiU survive : Charles H.,
and Herbert J. Mrs Davenport died Sept.
30, 1870, and he contracted a second aUiance
on the 6th of November, 187 1, with Roxanna
J., widow of Henry Dunklee of Brattieboro.
She died May 22, 1881.
DAVISON, Amory, of Craftsbury, son
of Amory and Nancy (Mills) Davison, was
born in Craftsbury, June 29, 1830.

«^

AMORY DAVISON.

He came of an old Revolutionary family,
and his grandfather served in the Conti
nental array.
Mr. Davison was educated at the schools
of Craftsbury and at Bakersfield and Crafts
bury Academies. He commenced his busi
ness career as a farraer in 1854, and followed
that occupation for twelve years, but at the
end of that period, turned his attention to
buying and selling neat stock, in which busi
ness he StiU continues to engage, though he
has never lost his interests in agricultural
pursuits. In x868 he was elected director
of the Irasburg National Bank, and con
tinued to act in that capacity until the affairs
of that institution were wound up in 1875.
When the Barton National Bank was organ
ized in 1875, he was chosen to fiU succes
sively the ofifices of director, vice-president
and president, which last position he stiU
retains. A whig of the Horace Greeley school, he
joined the Republican party at its inception

in 1854, and no less ardently adheres to-
their " principles now as thirty-nine years
since, or during the war of the rebelUon.
He has been selected to fill about all of
the town ofifices, and has served as select
man fourteen years ; was sent to the Legis
lature in i860, and was a state senator from
Orleans county in 1892. Appointed railroad
commissioner by Governor Page, he was
again assigned to this post by Governor
Fuller in 1892.
He was united in marriage, June 26, 1855,
to A. Augusta, daughter of Merrill and
Lauretta (West) Williams of Greensboro.
Three children have been the fruit of their
marriage : Portus W., Amanda, and Julius E.
DAVIDSON, MiLON, of Newfane, son
of Alvan and Ann (Howe) Davidson, was
born in Unity, N. H., Nov. 28, 1834. In
his early childhood his parents removed to
Acworth, N. H., where he was brought up to

MILON DAVIDSON.

his father's occupation, that of a farmer.
Frora the age of fourteen to seventeen he
was in the eraploy of Capt. JSamuel Mc
Clure, a neighboring farmer.
. His early school advantages were Umited,,
for he had only one term a year, from the
age of ten to twenty-one, but his evenings
were devoted to his books, and he generally
rose three or four hours before sunrise to
study by the light of the fire or a tallow can
dle. He fitted for college at Meriden and
at New London, N. H., and, continuing his-

DAVIS.

DAVIS.

97

Studies under great privations and discour
ageraents, graduated at Dartraouth in 1862.
He then taught as principal — mostly in
academies — twelve years, reading law, as
opportunity offered, with Mr. Soule of Fair
fax and Hon. A. Stoddard of Townshend,
and was adraitted to the bar in 1872. In
1874, without solicitation on his part, he
was chosen treasurer of the Windham County
Savings Bank, and stiU holds that office. The
business of the bank increasing, he has, in
recent years, necessarily devoted more of
his tirae to that, and less to the [practice of
law. He is a raeraber of the executive commit
tee, trustee and treasurer of Leland and Gray
Seminary, treasurer of the Windham County
Creamery Association and a director in the
Union Mutual Fire Insurance Co. of Mont
pelier. He has been director in the Brat
tleboro & Whitehall Railroad Co., superin
tendent of schools and president of the
Christian Aid Association.
Formerly as a Democrat and more recently
as a Prohibitionist, he has received the votes
of his party for town representative and
state's attorney. He was a delegate to the
national convention of the Prohibition
party in 1888; a candidate on their ticket
for presidential elector the same year, and
for state treasurer in 1892.
He married Gratia E., daughter of Sarauel
A. and Rachel (Woodworth) Andrews, of
Richraond, Nov. 28, 1864. They have one
child : Lula Estella.
At the centennial celebration of Acworth,
N. H., Mr. Davidson read an original poem,
which is published in the history of that
town, and at the opening of the B. & W.
R. R. he wrote a lengthy metrical composi
tion — coraraeraorating that event — which at
tracted rauch attention.
Mr. Davidson is a raeraber of the Baptist
church, but has liberally aided other denomi
nations. He has a reputation for strict hon
esty and high raoral character ; yet he is
best appreciated by those who know him
most intimately.
DAVIS, Dennison, of Putney, son of
Alanson and Experience (Orvis) Davis, was
born in Putney, May 3, 1819.
His early education was obtained at the
district schools of his native town and at a
select school in Dumraerston.
Mr. Davis spent raost of his life on the
home farm, branching out into the horse
and cattle business as a side issue. For
many years past he has devoted a large
share of his time to the importation of Can
adian horses and the shipment of cattle to
the markets at Brighton.
Mr. Davis has in turn held every im
portant town ofifice except town clerk and

treasurer, since he attained his majority,
and represented his town in the General
Assembly of 1880.
Mr. Davis was married in 1840 to Cather
ine M., daughter of Zora and AbigaU (Orvis)
Scott. Mrs. Davis died in 1878. There
was one son frora this union, who died in
1876, leaving two children, a daughter and
son : Hattie E., and Dennison P.

/^r- ^:

DENNISON DAVIS.
He has been chosen administrator of
many estates and always performed the ser
vice with honor to himself and satisfaction
to all concerned.
Mr. Davis was again married in 1886 to
Abbie Jane (Joslin) Evans, and now lives
on the Lorenzo Davis farm one mUe north
of Putney Village.
DAVIS, FRANK E., of Davis Bridge,
son of Freeborn G. and Sara (Brown)
Davis, was born in Whitinghara, May 22,
1847. His faraily were among the earliest settlers
of the town. His progenitors for three
generations have successively lived on the
farm where Mr. Davis now resides.
His education commenced at the Leland
and Gray Seminary, Townshend, but later he
studied at Arms Academy, Shelburne FaUs,
Mass., and was graduated frora Burnham's
Business CoUege, Springfield, Mass.
After his graduation Mr. Davis was first
eraployed as a traveUng agent, but in 1868
he engaged his services as a clerk at Reads-

DAVIS.

DAVIS.

boro and later became a member of the
firm of Stearns l^ Davis. After three years'
connection with this concern, he moved to
Turners Falls, at which place he engaged in
business for a year. He then returned to
Whitingham, and though possessing a farm,
he has worked much of the time for E. J.
Bullock & Co. of Readsboro as salesman.
In 1887, on account of the faiUng health of
his parents, he moved to the horaestead
where he now resides. During the summer
season Mr. Davis is the manager of the
Spring Hotel at Sadawga, and is now the
station agent at Whitinghara for the H. T.
& W. R. R.
In politics he has been a Repubhcan and
was the nominee of that party for repre
sentative in 1870. He has been chairman
of the board of selectmen for two years, re
ceiving the unanimous vote of his towns
men, and has also discharged the duties of a
lister for many terms. In 1892 he was made
a justice of the peace.
Mr. Davis afifiUates with the Deerfield Val
ley Lodge, I. O. O. F., at Readsboro, and is
the V. G. of the sarae. He is a member of
the M. E. Church at Wilmington. He was
married in Whitingham, August 21, 1873, to
Ida M., daughter of J. and Olive (Sweet)
Bullard. They have three children : F.
Rockwell, Sara, and F. PUliot.
DAVIS, Frank William, of Bakersfield,
son of Joel C. and Martha (Montgomery)
Davis, was born in Honeoye Falls, N. "V.,
July 31, 1850.
He received a good coramon school edu
cation. At the age of twenty-four he com
menced his business career at East Fairfield,
but in 1878 removed to Belvidere, where he
has ever since raade his horae, with the
exception of two years, when he was engaged
in trade at Bakersfield.
Mr. Davis was raarried at Bakersfield to
Emeroy F., daughter of Ira F. and Mahala
A. Dean, by whora he has had three chil
dren. From 1889 to 1893 he has been in part
nership with several others in the manu
facture of butter tubs at Belvidere Centre,
and the enterprise has proved remunerative
and been of much benefit to that com
raunity. Mr. Davis has filled aU the town ofifices,
and for five years has been an active member
of the LamoiUe county RepubUcan cora
raittee. He represented the town in 1888,
and served on the Grand List coraraittee, and
was its secretary.
He belongs to both the Masonic frater
nity and the order of Odd Fellows, being a
member of Mount Norris Lodge F. & A. M.,
of Tucker Chapter R. A. M. at MorrisviUe,

and of BurUngton Council, and he is in good
standing with Sterhng Lodge, I. O. 0. F., at
Hyde Park.
DAVIS, George, of East Montpelier,
son of Timothy and PauUne (Stevens)
Davis, was born in East Montpelier (then a
part of Montpelier), March 13, 1835. Clark
Stevens, his maternal grandfather, was the
weU-known pioneer and Quaker preacher of
the town of MontpeUer, and Mr. Davis was
brought up in the peaceful tenets of that per
suasion. The public schools of Montpelier fur
nished him his early educational training,
and his life has been passed upon the fine
old farm where he was born. From this last
statement it is needless to name his calling.

GEORGE DAVIS.

but Mr. Davis is a speciahst in his profes
sion, and is known far and wide for his herd
of Devon cattle. Specimens of these have
brought him many a preraiura at the state
and New England fairs, while as a breeder of
Light Brahraa fowls he is unrivalled. Mr.
Davis is also interested in the breeding of
colts, and for a long tirae was accustomed to
serve as the starting judge at horse races, in
which position he always raanifested the
needed quahties of firmness and decision.
He is a raost excellent judge of aU farm ani
mals, and consequently is much demanded
as a member of the awarding committees at
county fairs and all gatherings of a Uke
nature ; for this ofifice his conscientious im-
partiahty especially fits him. He has been

DAVIS.
many years a director and vice-president of
the State Agricultural Society.
Mr. Davis received the Repubhcan vote
and the election for raeraber of the General
Assembly in 1884, and served on the com
mittee on highways and bridges.
DAVIS, Gilbert A., of Windsor, son
¦of Asa and Mary (Hosmer) Davis, was born
Dec. iS, 1835, at Chester.
Receiving an education liniUed to the
¦district school and Chester Academy, he
commenced to teach when he was fifteen
years of age. In 1852, he reraoved to New
Jersey, where he pursued the same profes
sion for four years, giving instruction at
Belvidere and other places in Warren and
Hunterdon counties. Here he began to

DAVIS.

99

GILBERT A. DAVIS.
read law with Hon. J. G. Shipman of Belvi
dere. Returning to Verraont, he continued
the study of his profession in the ofifice of
JHon. WiUiam Rounds of Chester and later
with Messrs. Washburn (P. T.) & Marsh
(Charies P.) of Woodstock.
Mr. Davis was admitted to the bar at the
May terra of the ^V"indsor county court in
1859. He remained with his last instruct
ors about a year and then removed to
FelchviUe in Reading. Here he reraained
for nearly twenty years, and laid the founda
tion of a large and successful practice, and
-stUl keeps an ofifice in FelchviUe since his
.removal to Windsor in 1879.
He has always been identified with public
improvements, is a director in the Windsor

Electric Light Co., has been a trustee of the
village, and when the water works were con
structed he was one of the comraissioners
for that purpose, and is the president and
treasurer of the Windsor Machine Co.
Mr. Davis is a raeraber of the Republican
party and has held raany important town
ofifices. In 1858 and 1861 he was assistant
clerk of the House of Representatives and
to him was intrusted the task of making out
the grand list. He served as Register of
Probate for Windsor county for five years,
and represented Reading in 1872 and 1874,
serving both years on the committee on
education, of which he was chairman at the
session of 1874. He was elected to the
Senate in 1876, where he was a member of
both educational and judiciary committees.
He was state's attorney for Windsor county
for the term of two years, i878-'86. In 1874
he was selected by Governor Peck to com
pile the school laws of Vermont and he has
also published a history of Reading. At the
celebration of the centenary of that town,
he delivered the address, and was also the
orator at the centennial celebration of the
adoption of the constitution and narae of
the state, held at Windsor, August 9, 1877.
Mr. Davis has been for many years an
ofificial of the Vermont Historical Society ; a
member of the Vermont Comraandery of
Knights Teraplar, the clerk of the Congre
gational Society of Windsor and the super
intendent of the Sabbath school.
He was a raember of the Republican
national convention at Chicago in 1888,
and a meraber of the Triennial CouncU of
Congregational Churches at Worcester in
1889 and Minneapolis in 1892.
In AprU, 1862, he was married to Delia
I. BoUes, at Turner, IU., and their union has
been blessed with four children, two of
whom are now living : Mary I., and Gil
bert F.
DAVIS, Samuel Ray, of Troy, son of
Ray and Hannah (Brown) Davis, was born
in Troy, April 19, 1837.
His father was one of the first settlers of
the town, having moved there in 1833 from
Lexington, Mass.
The subject of this sketch received his
education in the schools of the town, and at
Bakersfield Academy. At an early age he
acquired a taste for general reading, which
has increased with increasing years, and his
well-stocked library of carefully selected
books bears witness that his taste has been
well cultivated. Mr. Davis has always re
sided in his native town. He is known as a
progressive farmer whose success may be
largely attributed to his untiring energy,
together with good judgment and sound
sense.

DEAVITT.

DEAVITT.

In pohtics he is a staunch RepubUcan;
though of an unassuming nature he has been
often honored by the confidence of his
fellow-citizens. He has held the various
town offices, from juryman to selectman, and
represented Troy in the state Legislature in
1867 and '68. He was one of the county
road commissioners in i886-'87, and assist
ant judge for two terras from 1888.

SAMUEL RAY DAVIS.
He is a close observer, and his extensive
reading combined with a retentive meraory
serve to keep him abreast with the leading
topics of the day.
An evolutionist in his behef, his religious
preferences are liberal, though he supports
and attends the Congregational church.
Judge Davis was married in 1858 to
OrceUa Kenney of Fairfield, by whom he
has had four children.
DEAVITT, JOHN James, of St. Albans,
son of John and Anna (Manley) Deavitt,
was born in Brunswick, N. Y., May 3, 1808.
During the winter of 18 19, he was a
student of the Lancastrian School of Troy,
N. Y., and seven years subsequently entered
the St. Albans Academy after which, having
made choice of his profession, he read law
in the offices of Royce & Hunt and Hon.
David Read. Mr. Deavitt was a cadet at
the U. S. Military Acaderay at West Point in
1828, and stood high in his class.
In 1 831' he was employed in the ofifice of
Judge Cushman at Troy, N. Y., and soon

after became a partner of Henry Wilson,
Esq., city attorney. He then removed, first
to St. Albans, and afterwards to Johnson,
where he was assistant of Cornehus Lynde,
the postmaster. After an interval of district
school teaching, in 1833 he located in St.
Albans and forraed a law partnership with
Hon. Orlando Stephens, at the expiration of
which he was appointed deputy coUector and
inspector of U. S. Customs for Franklin,
where he became a resident and practiced
his profession for sixteen years in conjunc
tion with his duties as a 'United States
ofificial. In 1853 he returned to St. Albans,
having an ofifice in connection with Judge
WilUam Bridges tiU 1870.
Mr. Deavitt has been a staunch and lifelong
Democrat, yet he was elected from FrankUn
in November, 1842, as a delegate to the
Constitutional Convention held in Montpelier
during the following year. He was appointed
postmaster of St. Albans under the adminis
tration of President Buchanan, and held the
ofifice under President Lincoln till 1862. He
was admitted to practice in the United States
District Court at Windsor in May, 1848, and
seventeen years after he received a similar

JOHN JAMES DEAVITT.

privilege at Washington with respect to the
Supreme Court of the United States. In
April, 1874, he was elected municipal judge
by a large majority, three-fourths of the
voters being Republicans, and unanimously
chosen at a second election, after which he -
declined to serve. He was a delegate to the

Deavitt was united in
1830, at St. Albans, to
of Willard and Sarah

wedlock
Patience, (JeweU)

DEMING.
national Democratic convention held in
New York in 1868. He has acted as chair
man of jail commissioners of Franklin
county. Judge
Nov. 25,
daughter
Wing. This venerable old man was present at the
laying of the corner stone of the present
college edifice at BurUngton in July, 1825,
and distinctly remembers witnessing the
reception of LaFayette and his son George,
as they were escorted into Burlington by
Governor Van Ness.
Judge Deavitt has given largely to chari
table objects, and he has ever been liberally
munificent to friends and relatives. He is a
firm believer in the Christian religion, and
has been both director and president of the
First Congregational Society of St. Albans.
He still takes a great interest in courts and
judicial proceedings, and is an indefatigable
reader of history, keeping himself well in
forraed with regard to aU subjects of current
interest. Judge Deavitt is reputed to be an
able lawyer, and an eloquent and persuasive
jury advocate.
DEMING, Franklin, of Wells River,
son of Benjamin F. and Eunice (Clark)
Deming, was born in the town of Danville,
Sept. II, 1828.
His early educational training was received
in the public schools of Danville and at
Derby Academy and the PhilUps Academy
in his native town. His father was an old
resident of the place, for a long tirae judge
of probate and county clerk, and afterwards
a member of Congress.
Mr. Deming was six years of age when he
had the raisfortune to lose his father, and
after completing his education he worked as
clerk in a store for seven years. When he
became of age he removed to Wisconsin,
where he remained a year, and then settled
in St. Johnsbury, where he engaged in the
clothing business as a member of the firm of
Boles & Deming. In 1857 he moved to
WeUs River, and has resided there ever
since, engaged in general trade. He was
first chosen a director of the National Bank
of Newbury in 1874, and then president, a
position he stiU holds. He also is president
and half owner of the Adams Paper Co. of
Wells River.
He has always been a Repubhcan, and
was a useful meraber of the Legislature of
1888, serving on the coraraittee on banks.
For twenty-five years he was postmaster.
He has taken the degree of Royal Arch
Mason in Haswell Chapter of St. Johnsbury.
Mr. Deming married, October, 1854,
Catherine, daughter of Francis Bingham, of

DEWEY.

St. Johnsbury. Two children have been born
of this union : Katie B. (Mrs. Dr. H. H. Lee
of WeUs River), and AUce K.

FRANKLIN DEMING.
Mr. Deraing coraraenced his business
career with a very modest capital, but, with
judgment and foresight, he has raanaged his
affairs raost advantageously, and is regarded
as a sound and conscientious financier.
DEWEY, Charles, of MontpeUer,
oldest son of Dr. Julius Y^eraans and Mary
(Perrin) Dewey, was born in MontpeUer,
March 27, 1826. He was fitted for college
at the Washington county grammar school,
and graduated at the University of Vermont
in 1845.
In September, 1845, he was appointed
assistant secretary of the Verraont Mutual
Fire Insurance Co. ; was elected secretary
of that company, January, 1850, and held
that ofifice until Nov. i, 1871. He was a
director of that company for thirty years.
He was appointed a director of the
National Life Insurance Co. in January,
185 1, vice-president in 1871, and has been
president of that company since 1877, when
his father, who was the founder of the com
pany and its president, died. In 1865 he
was elected a member of the first board of
directors of the First National Bank of
MontpeUer; in 1878 was elected vice-presi
dent, and in January, 1891, president.
For several years he was director and vice-
president, and was elected president of the

DEWEY.

Lane Manufacturing Co. of MontpeUer in
189T. He has served as trustee of the A^'ashing-
ton county grammar school since 1864 and
as president of the board since 1879; also
trustee of several boards appointed by the
Episcopal diocesan convention of Vermont.
He was for many years a delegate from

CHARLES DEWEY.

Christ Church, MontpeUer, to the diocesan
comention, and in 1886 a lay delegate from
the diocese to the general convention of the
Episcopal ¦ church, held that year in Phila
delphia. He has been for over forty years a
vestryman and for more than nineteen years
a warden of Christ Church, MontpeUer.
He was three times elected a state sena
tor, serving as such in i867-'68-'69. He was
appointed state inspector of finance by Gov
ernor Barstow in 1882 and served two years,
but declined a reappointment by Governor
Pingree. May 3, 1848, he was raarried to Betsey
Tarbox, daughter of Lund and Susan (Edson)
Tarbox, of Randolph. Three sons and six
daughters blessed their union. AU save one
daughter, EUa L. (Mrs. CarroU P. Pitkin),
survive : Frances I. (Mrs. Henry E. Fifield),
WilUara T., Jennie D. (Mrs. Edward D.
BlackweU), Mary G., George P., Gertrude
M., Kate D., and Charles Robert.
DEWEY, Charles Edward, of Ben
nington, son of Jedediah and Hannah Eldred
Dewey, was born in Bennington, Nov. 29,
1826.

His education was received inthe common
schools, and in early life he was prominently
connected with the ochre trade, but he has
always made farming his principal occupa
tion. He was born in the old Dewey house
built in 1774, around which cluster many
interesting historic associations. It is one
of the oldest houses in Vermont, and under
its shelter sorae of the hardy rangers reposed
before the battle of Bennington. In this
house Mr. Dewey and his father first saw
the light.
Here the worthy son of worthy sires has
received raany distinguished guests desirous
of visiting a spot hallowed by so many strik
ing memories of the past. The surrounding-
farm has been somewhat dismembered by
cutting off portions for building lots, but
much of it yet remains, which however, must
soon be absorbed for the sarae purpose, as-
it lies in the residential portion of the village...
Mr. Dewey is an adherent of the Repub
lican party, and a CongregationaUst in re
ligious faith. He has been incumbent of
several town ofifices, notably that of select
man, while he has been prominently con
nected with the schools of Bennington as-
trustee, and one of the building committee

CHARLES EDWARD DEWEY.
of the graded high school. He is a charter
member of the Vermont Historical Society,,
and the Bennington Battie Monument As
sociation. He was actively associated with
the committee in the construction of the:

DEWEY.

DEXTER.

103

monument and the celebration at its com
pletion. Mr. Dewey was married Feb. 5, 1856, to
Martha, daughter of Samuel I. ,Hamlen of
Cleveland, Ohio. Seven children have been
born to thera : Mary (Mrs. Charles MerriU of
Bennington), Arthur J., Sarah (Mrs. B. C.
Jenney of Bennington), George H., Charles
H., Edward E., and Edith M.
DEWEY, Hiram Kinne, of Barton, son
of Lyman F. and Laura (Kinne) Dewey,
was born in Waterford, July 22, 1832.

HIRAM KINNE DEWEY.

He obtained his education at the public
schools of his native town and the acade
mies of Peacham, Mclndoes Falls and St.
Johnsbury. For five years after leaving
school he was engaged in teaching in Ver
raont and New Harapshire. In 1861 he
was made chief clerk, and had charge of
the 'U. S. Pension Agency at Concord, N.
H., untU 1865. In 1868 he held the posi
tion of engrossing clerk in the N. H. Legis
lature. In the fall of that year he moved to
Lyndonville and was in trade and in the em
ploy of the Connecticut & Passumpsic R. R.
for three years. In 1869 he received the
appointment of postmaster at LyndonviUe
which ofifice he resigned in 18 71 to accept
the position of cashier of the Irasburgh
National Bank of Orleans, where he re
mained tiU 1875, when he was elected
cashier of the Barton National Bank at Bar
ton which position he stUl holds.

In politics Mr. Dewey has always been a
Republican and has several times been
chosen to ofifice in the towns in which he has
resided. In 1870 he was appointed clerk
in the House of Representatives. In 1892
he represented the town of Barton in the
Legislature and was a useful member of the
committee on banks and the library. His
religious preference is Congregational.
Mr. Dewey was raarried March i, 1866,
to Susan Augusta, daughter of Calvin and
Ann (Fifield) Gerrish of Concord, N. H.,
and they have had three children : Fred,
Edie, and Lena. The first named died in
infancy. DEXTER, Avery J., late of Wardsboro,
was the son of Charles and Lucinda (Bas-
comb) Dexter, and was born in Wardsboro,
April 27, 1818, and died April 19, 1893.
He was educated at the common schools
in the town, and worked on the home farm.
In 1848 he began the manufacture of chairs
and furniture, which business he carried on
for two years. In 1850 he established a
general merchandise store in Wardsboro,
which he continued until 1880, carrying on
a farm at the same time.

Mr. Dexter is a raan of character and abil
ity, and enjoyed the confidence of his fellow-
townsmen, which wiU be readily gathered
frora the following facts.
He has been justice of the peace for over
forty years, and has held the ofifice of first

104

DEXTER.

selectman for twenty-three years, also town
clerk since 1864. In 1858 and 1859 hewas
elected to the General Assembly, and served
creditably in the first session held in the new
State House, when Senator Edraunds was
speaker. He was re-elected in 1864 and
1865, during the St. Albans raid, and voted
for the confirmation of Lincoln's eraancipa
tion of slavery. He was again elected in
1878 and 1879, and also in 1886.
Mr. Dexter was married March 12, 1841,
to Miss Mary Durant, daughter of Daniel
and Mary (Durant) White of Gloucester,
Mass. Of this union were nine children, six
of whom are still living : Charles D., Ger
trude I. (Mrs. Marshall O. Howe), Frederic
H., Mary A. (Mrs. Brownson Matteson),
Luna J. (wife of D. L. Smith), and Effie E.
Mr. Dexter was fairly successful in his pri
vate business. He was generous, according
to his means ; to accumulate a large property
was never the aim of his life. He has
left what is "better than riches — a good
name." His unselfish and kindly interest in
others, the sympathy and counsel that he has
freely extended to those who have sought his
advice, will long be held in grateful remem
brance by many whom he has thus befriended.
DEXTER, Charles D., of Wardsboro,
son of Avery J. and Mary D. (White)

CHARLES D. DEXTER.

Dexter, was born in Ward.sboro, Nov. 22,
1843. He attended the coramon schools of his

native town, and then pursued a course of
study at the Leland and Gray Seminary in
Townshend. For some tirae he devoted himself to the
interests of education as a teacher, and then
removed to Baltimore, Md., where he en
gaged in business for a considerable period.
In 1864 he returned to Wardsboro, and after
some years began the manufacture of sieve
hoops, which business he has carried on up
to the present time. Mr. Dexter has also
been engaged in farraing to sorae extent.
In his poUtical preference he is a staunch
Republican, and was elected to the Legis
lature in 1890.
He was raarried Dec. 25, 1870, to Rosa
L., daughter of Jason S. and Carrie (Thomp
son) Knowlton of Wardsboro. Their union
has been blessed with three children : Carrie
M., Jaraes A., and Charles K.
Mr. Dexter has held many and varied
positions of honor and trust in his town, and
has a strong hold upon the esteem of his
fellow- townsraen as an able and conscien
tious citizen, a kind friend and good
neighbor. DEXTER, Eleazer, of Reading, was
born in Hardwick, Mass., July 7, 1813, and
was the son of Eleazer and Charity (Will
iams) Dexter. His father foUowed the
business of farraing in Hardwick, and feU
fighting bravely in the service of his country
at the battle of Plattsburg in 18 14. Eleazer,
Jr., was the youngest of a family of fifteen
children and received such an education as
could be obtained in the coramon schools
of those days. Manifesting a great taste for
music, at the early age of thirteen he began
to travel with his brother, whom he assisted
in giving entertainments, of which music
formed the principal part. Soon his ambi
tion led him to higher aspirations and he
becarae a facile composer of music of a light
character, many of his efforts being received
with great approbation. In 1843 Mr. Dex
ter located at Reading to give instruction in
band music.
He has never entered political Ufe, but in
1880 was elected representative from Read
ing. Receiving excellent instruction in his art
from erainent musicians in Boston, he be
carae an eminent teacher of both vocal and
instrumental music, and has had for his
pupils raany who have since found both
profit and fame in their profession, notably
the Stratton Brothers, George M. Clark,
Hank White, O. A. Whitmore and Theodore
J. Allen, both well known solo performers on
the clarinet and cornet, aU of whom were
originally citizens of Reading.
During the war of the rebellion Mr. Dex
ter travelled extensively through New Eng
land, New York and Canada exhibiting a

DICKEY.
panorama of the principal events of that war,
accorapanying the entertainraent with both
vocal and instrumental music. He com
posed at the time raany patriotic songs,
which proved to be very popular.
Notwithstanding his four score years, Mr.
Dexter lives peacefully in the enjoyraent of
a good old age, cheered by memories of the
past and in confident hope for the future.
DICKEY, Asa M., of Bradford, son of
Adam and Anna (MerriU) Dickey, was born
at East Orange, March lo, 1821.
His grandfather Adam with his two broth
ers served in the Revolutionary war, in which
struggle the two latter lost their lives.
He received his education in the comraon
schools and the Methodist Seminary at

DICKINSON.

105

ASA M. DICKEY.

Newbury. During his struggle for an edu
cation, he defrayed a part of its cost by
teaching school and at the time seriously
thought of making this profession his life
long occupation, but the law proved a
stronger attraction to his active mind and
he coramenced to read with Hon. John
Colby of Washington, completing his studies
with Hon. Levi B. Vilas of Chelsea. He
was admitted to the bar at the June term in
1845. Soon after Mr. Dickey met with a
lifelong misfortune in an impairment of
vision, but he nevertheless persevered in his
chosen profession, and opened an ofifice at
West Topsham, where his success was
raarked and immediate. He was elected

state's attorney of Orange county in 1850
and was re-elected the succeeding year.
Mr. Dickey then forraed a partnership with
Hon. C. B. Leslie of Wells River and re
mained there tiU 1856, when he opened an
office at Bradford, where he did a large and
increasing business. In 1870 he moved to
St, Johnsbury and entered into partnership
with Walter F. Smith. At this time he was
again troubled with his eyes, but he soon
attained a large and lucrative practice in
Caledonia, Orleans, \Vashington and Essex
counties. After a serious illness, he re
turned to Bradford and although seeking no
business, he has been retained in many im
portant cases.
In 1853 he was chairman of the Demo
cratic state coramittee and was appointed
chief of staff' with the rank of colonel by
Governor Robinson. He was a delegate to
the national convention of 1864 and in 1869
represented Bradford in the Legislature,
was candidate for speaker and a meraber of
the judiciary coraraittee. For two suc
cessive years he was Deraocratic candidate
for Congress and one year his party's candi
date for U. S. senator. He was also ap
pointed by President Cleveland postraaster
at Bradford.
Colonel Dickey was largely instruraental in
the organization of the Merchants National
Bank of St. Johnsbury, and is president of
the village corporation of Bradford.
He was united in raarriage July 9, 1846,
to Harriet M., daughter of John and Lucy
Wood Chubb of Corinth. Three children
have been born to thera, two daughters —
who died in early life — and one son, George
A., a weU-known young lawyer of Bradford.
Colonel Dickey is a prominent member of
the M. E. Church and was appointed by the
bishop lay delegate to an ecumenical coun
cU in London. Professionally he is best
appreciated in his jury practice. His in
timate knowledge of huraan nature and cor
rect judgment of motives have raade hira a
master of the art of cross-examination. His
strength as an advocate lies in the clear ex
position of his case, his logical deduction
from the evidence, and his earnest sincerity.
DICKINSON, Albert Joyce, of Ben
son, son of Isaac and Cornelia (Coleman)
Dickinson, was born in Benson, April 5,
1841. His education was that of the common
schools of the time, and after he had grad
uated frora them he continued the pursuit of
knowledge at the Castleton Seminary. Born
and reared upon a farm, he has naturally fol
lowed that occupation, and has always lived
in the place of his birth, except an interval
of four years, extending frora 1873 to 1877,
when he reraoved to the town of West Haven.

io6

DILLINGHAM.

DILLON.

At duty's call he enroUed himself in Co. D,
14th Vt. Vols., and with this organization was
present at the battie of Gettysburg, receiving
an honorable discharge at the expiration of
his terra of enlistraent.
In his political affiliations he is a Republi
can, and so far merited the confidence of
his fellow-citizens, that they chose him a
member of the House of Representatives in
1886, and elected him as senator from Rut
land county in 1890.
He is a member of the Masonic frater
nity, having associated himself with Acacia
Lodge, No. 91, in which he has been caUed
to fiU the Master's chair. He also belongs
to John A. Logan Post, No. 88, G. A. R.,
and is enroUed araong the Sons of the Ameri
can Revolution.
Mr. Dickinson was married at Benson,
Oct. 7, 1867, to Helen Goodrich, daughter
of Benjamin and Ursula (Goodrich) Bascom,
of which marriage have been born : Florence
Bascom, Fannie Coleman, John Quincy, Ben
jamin Horace, Charles Albert, and CoUeen
Amelia. DILLINGHAM, WILLIAM Paul, third
son of Paul and Julia (Carpenter) DUling
ham, was born in Waterbury, Dec. 12, 1843.
His great-grandfather, John DUlingham, was

WILLIAM PAUL DILLINGHAM.

kUled at Quebec while serving under Wolfe,
and his grandfather, Paul DiUingham, served
three years in the Revolution, and settled in
Waterbury in 1805.
WiUiam, after attending the comraon

schools, went to Newbury Serainary and to
KirabaU Union Acaderay at Meriden, N. H.
He read law with his brother-in-law. Matt
H. Carpenter, in MUwaukee from 1864 to
1866, and then with his father, Gov. Paul
Dillingham, at Waterbury, and was admitted
to the bar at the Septeraber term, 1867, of
Washington county court.
He was, in 1866, appointed secretary of
civil and military afifairs to fill a vacancy
occasioned by the resignation of Charles M.
Gay, Esq., and was again secretary of civil
and mUitary afl'airs during the administra
tion of Gov. Asahel Peck, 1874 to 1876.
Mr. Dillingham was elected state's attor
ney for Washington county in 1872, and re
elected in 1874. The trial of Magoon for
the murder of Streeter, and that of MUes
for the Barre bank robbery, both of which
resulted in conviction, were events in his
time as prosecuting ofificer that attracted
much public attention, but they represented
but a small part of his labors, for the docket
was then crowded with crirainal causes.
He represented Waterbury in the House
in 1876 and again in 1884, and was a sena
tor frora Washington county in 1878 and
1880. In 1882 he was appointed commis
sioner of state taxes under the new tax law
of that year, and held the ofifice of commis
sioner for six years. In 1888, as the Repub
lican candidate for Governor, he did effect
ive work as a campaign speaker for Harri
son and Morton, and was elected Governor
by the largest majority ever given in the
state to a candidate for that position.
He has practiced law since his admission
to the bar, and was, till his father retired, a
meraber of the firm of P. DiUingham & Son,
and thereafter for some years was in prac
tice alone. Upon the expiration of his term
as Governor in October, 1890, the partner
ship of DUlingham & Huse was formed. In
1892 Fred A. Howland became a member
of the firra which is now Dillingham, Huse
& Howland.
Mr. Dillingham married, Dec. 24, 1874,
Mary E. Shipman, daughter of Rev. Isaiah
H. and Charlotte R. Shipman of Lisbon, N.
H. They have one son, Paul Shipman, born
Oct. 27, 1878.
Governor Dillingham is a Methodist, and
was a lay delegate from Vermont to the
General Conference of the M. E. Church at
Omaha in 1893. He is president of the
board of trustees of the Vermont Methodist
Seminary. DILLON, John W., of Putnamsville,
son of William and Sarah (Megaw) DUlon,
was born in East Montpelier, July 17, 185°-
He received the usual privileges of a
farraer's son, attending the district schools
of his native town and the Washington

DIMICK.

DIX.

107

county graramar school. Soon after he went
into a railroad ofifice and learned the art of
telegraphy. Subsequently he acted as book
keeper for John C. Dow & Co., of Lawrence,
Mass., and afterwards entered into an en
gagement with C. C. Putnam Sz Son of Put-
namsviUe to perforra the duties of clerk,
bookkeeper and overseer of their extensive
business, and with thera he reraained four
teen years.
Mr. Dillon is now interested in the
granite and insurance business at Barre, and
he has also become the owner of some valu
able granite properties near Hardwick.
He was appointed postmaster by the Re
publican adrainistration of 1881, and held
that position tiU his resignation in July, 1892.
He has been justice of the peace during
nearly his entire residence in Middlesex,
which town elected him representative in
1892 and he served on the general com
mittee. He has always been interested in
public afifairs and when called to office has
conscientiously discharged his duties and
responsibilities to the general satisfaction of
those who have entrusted him with the
various positions he has assumed.
Mr. Dillon was married Dec. 15, 1880, to
Belle M., daughter of G. M. and Mary S.
(Putnam) Whitney of Middlesex. They
have one child living : Grace E. A son,
Paul, died Feb. 13, 1890.
DIMICK, George Washington, of
Windham, son of Nathan and Tabitha
(Fairbanks) Dimick, was born in Sherburne,
Nov. 7, 1837.
Mr Dimick received his early education
at the common schools of Bridgewater ; also
at Windsor high school and Black River
Academy. During the winters he followed
the occupation of teacher in the district
schools, and in the summer labored on the
farra. In Oc'ober, i860, he reraoved to
Windham, where he purchased a property,
and on this he has since resided.
Mr. Dimick has served as selectraan sev
eral terras and also represented the town in
the state Legislature in 1872 and 1882. He
has discharged the duties of superintendent
of schools, town agent, and trustee of public
raoney, while as a business pursuit he has
foUowed the shipping of produce for twenty-
five years.
Mr. Dimick was married, March 28, i860,
to Belle P., daughter of Alvah and Cherry
(Davis) Peck.
DIX, Samuel Nevins, of Montgomery
Center, son of Samuel and Maria B. (Church)
Dix, was born in Troy, May 4, 1839.
The boyhood and youth of Mr. Dix were
spent in the useful occupations of a farmer's
life, and he gleaned somewhat scanty instruc

tion at the district schools of Troy, Derby,
Coventry and Albany ; attending the Albany
Academy for a brief period.
After attaining his raajority, he was era
ployed in agricultural la'bor until the civil
war, when in 1862 he enlisted as a private
in Co. I, 15th Regt., Vt. Vols., and was dis
charged after his term of nine months'
service. When Mr. Dix returned from the scene of
action and resumed the occupations of civil
life he pursued his former vocation for some
tirae, and then entered the employ of Dun
can Harvey, of Peacham. In 1870 he trans
ferred his services to Columbus Green, of
Montgomery. In 1875 Hon. W. H. Stiles
purchased the business, and Mr. Dix faith-

SAMUEL NEVINS DIX.
fully served him tiU 1878, when he was taken
into partnership, and the arrangement lasted
until the death of Mr. Stiles in 1891.
He is of Republican poUtical faith, has
been entrusted with the positions of select
man, justice of the peace, and town grand
juror, was a member of the Legislature in
1880 and again in 1882, was for a time
assistant postraaster, and has been entrusted
with the settlement of raany estates.
Mr. Dix was married, Oct. 28, 1875, to
Annette L., daughter of Hon. 'WilUam H.
and B. M. Stiles. One chUd has been born
to thera : Alfa May.
He is a charter raeraber and Past Cora
mander of Charles Haile Post, No. 95, G. A.
R., of Montgoraery. Mr. Dix is a man of
affable address and a successful financier.

io8

DODGE.

DODGE.

DODGE, Andrew Jackson, of Low
ell, son of Andrew and Artimissa (Kelton)
Dodge, was born in Montpelier, Jan. ii,
1825, and in AprU, 1848, reraoved with his
parents to Lowell.
Educated in the schools of Montpelier,
when he arrived at man's estate he began to
teach in Montpelier, Middlesex, LoweU,
Westfield, and Eden. In eariy life he pur
chased his present valuable farm of one
hundred and sixty acres. Besides his regu
lar farm work he has paid considerable at
tention to lumbering and has dealt exten
sively in Barre plows. For forty years Mr.
Dodge has been an agent for the sale of
unoccupied real estate, and since 1855 has

ANDREW JACKSON DODGE.

been the business manager in Lowell of the
Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Co., of
which he was a director.
Mr. Dodge has been a strong Republican
ever since the forraation of that party and
his feUow-citizens have bestowed upon him
raany of the town offices, selectman, lister,
first constable ; fifteen years he was town
superintendent of schools, and justice of the
peace most of the time for the last forty
years. He was a raember of the state Leg
islature at the regular sessions of i859-'6o
and the special session of '61. He was
elected sheriff of Orleans county in 1872
and held the ofifice two years,
September 9, 1855, he was married to
Sarah C, daughter of E. S. and Irene Snow
of Montpelier. By her he had three chU
dren, of whom two are now living : Clar

ence, and Clara (Mrs. J. K. Little of Boston).
He was again united, to Lucinda C, daugh
ter of E. S. and Irene Snow, Oct. 14, 1864,
and from this marriage there were three
children : Sarah, Alton, and Andrew Jack
son (aU deceased).
Mr. Dodge has always been liberal in his
religious beliefs and a public-spirUed man,
ready to help in all worthy enterprises.
DODGE, Harvey, of Post Mills, son of
Eliphalet S. and Mary (Cox) Dodge, was
born at Thetford, August 26, 1821.
Eliphalet S. carae to Thetford in 1802 and
purchased one-half of the original Post farm,
on which most of the thriving village of
Post MiUs is located, and pursued the occu
pations of a farmer and lumberman. EUph-
alet S. was uncle of the well-known George
Peabody, the millionaire banker and philan
thropist of London, who, whUe he was a
poor boy, resided nearly two years with
Mr. Dodge upon his farm and received
frora him rauch kindness and encourage
ment. Mr. Harvey Dodge was brought up upon
the farm and has always resided there ex
cept four years which he spent in Norwich,
He successfully devotes hiraself to farming
and stock raising.
" Cast thy bread upon the waters, for thou
shalt find it after many days." Mr. Peabody
in reraembrance of his early associations
has endowed the village of Post MUls with a
public library, his own name has been given
to the institution and his cousin Harvey who
gave the site holds the position of librarian.
By the terms of the bequest, three members
of the Dodge family, while such members
survive, are made permanent trustees and
with thera are associated other elective
raerabers and the resident rainister or minis
ters of the parish. This library contains
nearly six thousand well selected volumes.
Mr. Dodge was unUed in raarriage April 9,
1846, to Sarah Jane, daughter of Halsey and
Mercy (Burton) RUey. They have had four
children, two of whora are living : Burton R.,
and Henry M. In a second union he was
raarried to Martha E., daughter of Frederic
and Anna (Chandler) Ladd.
Mr. Dodge has held raany positions of
trust and honor. He has always been Re
publican and as such has been deputy
sheriff fourteen years and justice of the
peace for sixteen consecutive terms. He
was elected to represent Thetford by a large
majority in 1870, and was made assistant
judge of Orange county court in 1876. For
twenty years he has belonged to Crystal
Lake Lodge, I. O. O. F. The standing of
Judge Dodge in town and county is attested
by the raany iraportant positions to which
he has been chosen.

DODGE.
DODGE, John Locke, of Barton
Landing, son of WiUiam P. and Nancy L.
(Locke) Dodge, was born in Irasburg, Oct.
2i> 1833.
His educational advantages were limited
to the comraon schools and the acaderaies
of Derby and Brownington.
When nineteen years of age, he com
menced his active career as a teacher, but
three years later was seized with the western
fever and went West, where he engaged in
the hotel business, but returned to his native

DODGE.

109

JOHN LOCKE DODGE.

state in i860, and has been since that year a
Verraont farraer.
Since the forraation of the Repubhcan
party, he has given it his steady adherence,
and for his loyalty and ability has been en
trusted with raany ofificial responsibihties
both by the town and county. For twenty-
five years he has most creditably discharged
the duties of these, and in 1892 was chosen
to represent Irasburg in the Legislature.
Mr. Dodge is an earnest supporter of the
Congregational church in Irasbuirg, and has
contributed by his influence and energy to
its success.
He was united in marriage, Oct. 15,
1 86 1, to Sarah Jane, daughter of Hiram and
Ruth (Cogswell) Merrill, by whom he has
one son : Carlos A.
Mr. Dodge stands high in (he esteem of
his fellows and can boast of a useful life, the
honor and probity of which have been duly
appreciated by his friends and neighbors.

DODGE, Prentiss Cutler, of Bur
Ungton, son of Robert and Alma C.
(Wheeler) Dodge, was born in East Mont
pelier, Feb. 13, 1849.
Obliged to abandon school at the early age-
of eleven years, Mr. Dodge was apprenticed
to the late Hiram Atkins. He remained
with him, serving his time, and then worked
as a journeyman printer in Burlington,
Springfield, Boston and NewYork. In 1872
he raade an extensive tour through the-
southern states, and upon his return followed
the calling of coraraercial traveler in various
lines of business.
In 1889 Mr. Dodge entered into an
engageraent as Burlington correspondent of
the Rutland Herald, and in the following
year purchased the Burlington Independent,
which enjoys the distinction of being the
only Democratic paper in Northern Ver
raont. In 1890 he put in a job ofifice, which

PRENTISS CUTLER DODGE.
now requires three presses to turn out his
commercial work, and his business is in
creasing rapidly.
Mr. Dodge raarried, Dec. 8, 1874, in Buf
falo, N. v., Nelia M. Kent of Rorae, N. Y.
He has never held political ofifice, nor
does he belong to any secret societies, ex
cept that he is a member and Past Chancel
lor Coraraander of Champlain Lodge, No. 7,
Knights of Pythias of Burlington. Though
without school advantages since the age of
eleven, he has come to the editorial chair by
an exceUent and weU proved route — the

DONNELLY.

DOTY.

Greeley route ; a hard climb that once made
gives strength for and good assurance of
permanent success.
September i, 1893, Mr. Dodge received
the appointment of immigrant inspector, suc
ceeding Gen. W. W. Henry of Burlington.
DONNELLY, JOHN H., of Vergennes,
son of Thomas and Mary (McDonald)
Donnelly was born in Keesville, N. Y., Feb.
i9> 1855. ^
His early education was obtained m the
Vergennes graded school and afterward
from a course of instruction at the coUege
at Ottawa, Canada, He commenced the
active career of his life by entering the
employ of the Vermont Seat & Roller Co.
as a clerk and in this continued for about
five years; and in 1878 he commenced the
occupation of merchant tailoring, and has
established one of the largest and most
extensive retail trades in the state.
Mr. Donnelly is a firm behever in the
doctrines of the Deraocratic party and has
been alderman of the city of Vergennes for
three years. He has also served on the
board of council and as a Democrat has
been highly honored by his party, of which
he is one of the chief leaders in the state.
In the last two Deraocratic conventions at
St. Louis and Chicago he has been appointed
delegate, and has also been norainated for
various town and county ofifices. He is
prorainent and takes a deep interest in all
the firemen's organizations of the state. He
is a raember of the Vergennes Volunteers
and is one of the executive coraraittee of
the Fireman's Association of Vermont.
DOTY, George W., of Morrisville, was
born in MontpeUer, Feb. 16, 1838. At the
age of two years he was adopted by O. L.
Metcalf, a farraer of Morristown.
Mr. Doty received his education in the
comraon schools and the People's Academy,
paying his expenses by his labor and the
care of the building. At the age of nine
teen, under the auspices of the Emigrant Aid
Society, he went to the then Territory of
Kansas, where he joined a party of forty
young men from Verraont, who, under the
leadership of William B. Hutchinson, estab
hshed themselves at a point on the Osage
river, about fifteen miles from the Missouri
Une. This settlement they named Mapleton.
During the next three years and a half,
young Doty was both a witness of and an
actor in the most exciting scenes of that
remarkable period. As soon as the town
ship of Mapleton was organized, he was
elected first constable, and joined the Free
SoU forces of Captain Bain and Colonel
Montgomery. He was also a member of the
force under Col. Jim Lane that dispossessed

the bogus Lecompton Legislature. Later, as a
Free State man, he was driven out of Colum
bus, Mo., at midnight, barely escaping with
his life.
In the late faU of i860 Mr. Doty returned
to his native state, and was the first man in
LamoiUe county to enlist at the outbreak of
the civil war. In conjunction with U. A.
Woodbury he recruited sixty raen, who after
ward becarae members of Co. E, 3d Vt. Vols.
He hiraself was mustered into the United
States service as a private in Co. F, 2d Vt.
Vols., and followed the fortunes of that com
mand throughout most of the bloody battle
fields. He was present at the first struggle
at Bull Run, and was with the command
during the seven days' fight on the peninsula.

GEORGE W. DOTY.

2d Bull Run, and in the Maryland cam
paign, 1862. A member of the 2d Vt. Color'
Guard, he was not absent from duty a single
day till he was wounded at Fredericksburgh
by a minie baU, which he carries in his
right knee. Being thus disabled, he was
transferred to the Veteran Corps, and served
until the close of the war. He was several
times promoted, being a sergeant when
wounded, and would have been commis
sioned in a short time.
Mr. Doty is a staunch RepubUcan, and
soon after his return from the army, was
appointed deputy sheriff, and later was
elected sheriff, holding this position three
years. For fourteen years he has been a
raember of the prudential committee of the

DOWLEY.

DRAPER.

People's Academy and MorrisviUe graded
school. For thirty years he has been a Free
Mason, a raeraber of Mt. Vernon Lodge,
and has held every position in that body, as
weU as in the chapter. A charter meraber
of J. M. Warner Post, G. A. R., he served as
its commander for eight consecutive years.
Mr. Doty also acted as the aid of Com
manders-in-Chief Earnshaw and Alger, G. A.
R., and in 1891 was unanimously elected
Senior Vice-Comraander, Dept. Vt., and in
1893 received a like corapUment when pro
moted to be Commander of the department.
He married, April 30, 1863, at Brattle
boro, Flora A., daughter of Loren and
FedeUa (Paine) Bundy. Of their children
one son died in infancy, and two daughters
survive : Anna G. (Mrs. L. M. Jones, of
Johnson, Vt.), and AUce C.
For twelve years Mr. Doty was station and
express agent and telegraph operator on St.
J. & L. C. R. R., at Morrisville. For the
last ten years Mr. Doty has been successfully
engaged in Morrisville as a furniture dealer
and undertaker.
Mr. Doty requited the kindness of his fos
ter parents by providing them a horae in
their old age.
DOWLEY, George S.; son of Darius
L. and Austis (Baldwin) Dowley, was born
in Wardsboro, August 16, 1843.

GEORGE S. DOWLEY.

His parents removed to Bratdeboro when
he was of early age, and he received his

education in the public schools there, grad
uating from the high school, after which he
studied for two years under a former princi
pal of the West Brattleboro Academy.
Upon the close of his studies he entered
the local office of the Vermont & Massachu
setts RaUroad Co., where he remained for
several months, when the position of teller
in the old Bank of Brattleboro — now the
Vermont National Bank — was ofifered hira,
which he accepted. Four years afterwards
he became cashier, and continued as such
until his election in 1889 as president. In
addition to his official duties in the Vermont
National Bank, he has enjoyed raany posi
tions of trust in his town and county, the
duties of which he has always raet with
characteristic abUity and sterhng honesty.
Mr. Dowley has served many years as
treasurer of his town and the village school
district and is also county treasurer as well
as a director in the Vermont VaUey Railroad
Co., and various other organizations, and has
several times been prorainently raentioned
as the Republican candidate for State Treas
urer of Verraont.
He raarried. May 17, 1870, Miss Ada E.,
daughter of WUliara H. and Adeline S.
(Thayer) Estabrook, of Brattleboro.
DRAPER, Joseph, late of Brattleboro,
was born in Warwick, Mass., Feb. 16, 1834.
He was of New England ancestry, both
father and raother being natives of Massa
chusetts. His early education was obtained in the
common schools and in the academies at
Brattleboro, and Deerfield, Mass. After he
entered upon the study of medicine, he at
tended lectures at one of the medical
schools in New York and also at the Jeffer
son Medical CoUege, Philadelphia, where he
graduated in 1858. After a considerable
period in general practice he became an
assistant of Dr. Rockwell in the Vermont
Asylura for the Insane at Brattleboro, where
he remained until January, 1865. He left
this position for that of an assistant surgeon
in the United States General Hospital at
Brattleboro, in which he remained a few
months, and in May, 1865, became an
assistant in the state asylum at Worcester,
Mass. He was also acting superintendent
of that institution for one year. In 1870 he
became an assistant to Dr. Buttolph in the
state asylum at Trenton, N. J., where he
remained until February, 1873, when he
was appointed superintendent of the Ver
mont Asylum, where he remained until his
death. Dr. Draper was in closest touch and sym
pathy with everything that concerned psy
chiatry and psychology, and was very
jealous of the reputation of our hospitals

DREW.

DUBOIS.

and asylums. His sympathies were quick
and large and went out to all who came in
his way needing them, so that during his
long residence in Vermont his name became
a household word and familiar to a large
portion of people, by whom he was held in
the highest esteem.
He was united in marriage to Mary J.
Putnam, who survives him.
Dr. Draper was a diligent student and
yearly prepared papers which he read before
medical societies. He is also the author of
a history of the Vermont Asylum, covering
its first fifty years. At the tirae of his death
he was president of the New England Psy
chological Society. He had been president
of the Verraont Medical Society.
DREW, LUMAN Augustus, of Burling
ton, son of John Y. and Alraira (Atwater)
Drew, was born in Burlington, Oct. 27, 1832.
He was educated in the pubhc schools of
Burlington and for a year pursued his studies
at Bakersfield Academy
When he became of age he was associated
with his father in a wholesale and retail
market in the town, which business is stUl
continued under the firm name of L. A. &
A. A. Drew. He then took a contract in
the construction of the Burlington & La
moille R. R. In connection with his brother
he is much engaged in breeding horses,
chiefly of the Ethan AUen stock, having sent
forth many " flyers " from their establish
ment, who have made a record in the 2 :30
class. Mr. Drew was a promoter of and a
large stockholder in the Vermont Horse
Co. and later took a lively interest in the
Vermont Horse Breeders Association and
was chief marshal at the first meeting of the
latter body. He was appointed by the
commissioners superintendent of the Ver
mont state building at the World's Fair at
Chicago, 1893, and performed the duties of
that responsible position with much credit
to himself and to the general satisfaction of
the whole state, as the many handsorae
newspaper notices testify.
Before the city of Burlington was chartered
he was chosen constable ; was elected to
the position of chief of police ; then sheriff
of Chittenden county, which he held thir
teen years, when he resigned both ofifices.
In 1887, he was appointed by Governor
Orrasbee one of the board of cattle com
missioners and three years after acted as
doorkeeper in the House of Representatives.
In 1890 he became associated with H.
N. Parkhurst of Barre in the granite busi
ness under the firm name of Drew, Park
hurst & Co.
Mr. Drew has always taken a lively in
terest in fireman's organizations, and in
early boyhood was an active member of the

Boxer Engine Co., of Burlington. Now
honorary meraber of the Ethan AUen Co.
He was largely instruraental in sending and
going with the Barnes Hose Co. to Chicago
in 1877 to participate in the national fire
man's tournament in which they won the
first prize of ^500 in gold, and also brought
back a silver trophy belt which was pre
sented to the city of Burlington, the com
pany reserving the right to display it at any
time upon parade by depositing ^200 with
the city treasurer for its safe return.
Mr. Drew espoused, April 18, i860
MatUda R., daughter of Phineas and Persis
(Nichols) Parkhurst of Barre, by whom he
has issue one daughter : Carrie L.
He has held raany ofificial positions in the
Green Mountain Lodge, I. O. O. F., is a
Mason of the 3 2d degree and Knight
Templar. He was a charter raember of the
first council A. A. S. R. established in Ver
mont. He belongs to the Burlington Re
publican Club and in his religious belief is a
Methodist. At the tirae of the St. Albans raid he was
quartermaster in the mUitary regiment of
the state and took an active part in the pur
suit of the raiders.
Dubois, William Henry, of West
Randolph, son of Earl C. and Anna (Lam-

WILLIAM HENRY DuBOIS.

son) DuBois, was born in Randolph, March
24, 1835.
He received an academic education in his

Dubois.

J13

native town, and whUe engaged in his studies
at the West Randolph Acaderay, worked more
or less in his brother's store in the vUlage,
and there acquired a taste for mercantile life.
Being ambitious for a broader field of
labor, he procured a situation at Randolph,
Mass., and from there, when but eighteen
years of age, he went to Boston and entered
the wholesale boot and shoe store of his
uncle, Wales Tucker, taking the position of
bookkeeper. In 1856 he was admitted as a
partner in the firm of James Tucker & Co.,
wholesale dealers in boots and shoes in Bos
ton, where he continued until 1864, with
successful results, but with impaired health.
During the next two years Mr. DuBois
sought rest and strength in the healthful
cliraate of his native state, and finding his
health restored, he went to New York in
December, 1867, and became a partner in
the wholesale boot and shoe jobbing house
of DuBois, Magovern & Co. In the autumn
of 1872, he retired permanently from active
mercantUe life, and occupied hiraself the
next two years in building a horae in his na
tive vUlage. There he has ever since resided,
and actively interested himself in local im
provements and educational raatters. He
was largely instruraental in estabHshing there
the West Randolph graded school, which is
at this time one of the best schools in the
state. He has also been treasurer of the
vUlage of West Randolph since it was incor
porated in 1876. Up to that tirae the town
of Randolph had never had any organized
banking institution, and seeing the great
need of banking facUities, Mr. DuBois pro
cured a charter and organized the Randolph
National Bank of West Randolph. Mr. Du
Bois was chosen president at its commence
ment, and StiU retains the position. He is
chairman of the board of water commis
sioners of the village of West Randolph, and
of the board of auditors of the town of
Randolph. In politics Mr. DuBois has always been a
firm Republican. In 1876 he was elected a
meraber of the General Asserably frora Ran
dolph, by the largest raajority ever given a rep
resentative in that town. In that Legislature
he served on the coraraittee on banks and
education. The same year he was appointed
inspector of finance by Gov. Horace Fair
banks, and reappointed by Governor Proctor
in 1878, and again by Governor Farnham in
1880, holding the office for six years, when
he was elected State Treasurer in 1882,
which office he held for eight years.
Mr. DuBois was the first state ofificer to re
commend to the Legislature a direct tax upon
corporations in Verraont. Governor Proc
tor in his message to the same Legislature
comraended the suggestion of the inspector
on this subject, and such a law was passed.

In 1892 Mr. DuBois was elected senator
from Orange county, serving with ability as
chairman of the committee on finance and
on the joint standing coraraittee on state
and court expenses, and a member of the
railroad coramittee, and of several special
coraraittees. Recognizing Mr. DuBois' faraUiarity with
the finances and financial affairs of the state.
Governor FuUer appointed him inspector of
finance in Deceraber, 1892, which position
he now holds.
Mr. DuBois was married Jan. i, 1862, to
Anne Eliza, daughter of Myron J. Gilbert
of Brandon. She died May 31, 1887 ; they
had nine children, four of whom died in in
fancy, and five are now living ; Mary Susan,
Charles GUbert, Clara Adelaide, Anne Lam
son, and John Henry. Mr. DuBois was
again married June 5, i888, to Miss Ada-
line L., daughter of Horace and Lucy Smith
Moulton of West Randolph.
DUNLAP, Thomas Hiram, of South
Shaftsbury, son of MarshaU and Thalia
(Mattison) Dunlap, was born in Arlington,
August 13, 1853.

THOMAS HIRAM DUNLAP.

Comraencing with the public schools of
Arlington and Shaftsbury, he concluded his
educational career at Burr and Burton Sem
inary, and Bryant & Stratton's Business Col
lege at Manchester, N. H. After a brief
experience as teacher and farmer, he ob
tained a position as clerk in White Creek,

114

DUNNETT.

DUNTON.

N. Y., reraaining until the spring of 1878,
when he returned to Shaftsbury and again
engaged in agricultural pursuits. In the fall
of 1882 he entered the eraploy of W. P.
Mattison & Co. as clerk, remaining there
to the present time.
Mr. Dunlap was census enumerator in
1890 and two years after represented Shafts
bury in the Legislature, in which he was
assigned to the committee of highways,
bridges and ferries.
In sectarian views he is a Baptist, and has
taken the obligations of Free Masonry,
being actively connected with Tucker Lodge,
No. 48, of North Bennington.
Mr. Dunlap raarried, June 10, 1891,
Addie, daughter of Williara B. and Harriet
(Cole) Mattison of South Shaftsbury.
DUNNETT, Alexander, of St. Johns
bury, son of Andrew and Christiana (Gal-
braith) Dunnett, was born in Peachara, Nov.
29, 1852.

ALEXANDER DUNNETT.

Having received a preparatory education
in the public schools of Peacham, Newbury
and Ryegate, he was graduated from the
Randolph Norraal School in the class of
1874. Resolving to study law, he entered
the ofifice of Nelson L. Boyden of Randolph,
and in the spring of 1875 he pursued his
professional studies at Boston University,
until he was adraitted to practice at the bar
of Orange county at the June term, 1877.
WhUe at school he employed the winters in

teaching at Munroe, N. H., Topsham, Ran
dolph and Rochester. He coramenced the
practice of his profession at South Ryegate
and two years later was appointed master in
chancery in Caledonia county. In 1883 he
removed to St. Johnsbury where he entered
into partnership with A. F. Nichols, Esq.,
which connection continued three years.
Since that tirae he has been alone. In 1866
he was elected state's attorney for Cale
donia county and held that ofifice for four
years. Mr. Dunnett is one of four partners who
are the proprietors of the Ryegate Granite
Co., which is the largest granite manufactory
in Caledonia county.
He belongs to the Repubhcan party. He
was appointed town superintendent of
schools in Ryegate and for several years dis
charged the duties of moderator in that
town and since in St. Johnsbury.
He was united in raarriage AprU 2, 1879,
to Ella J., daughter of James and Anne C.
White, who died March 23, 1881. Decem
bers 23, 1884, he married Sarah M., daugh
ter of Silas M. and Harriett Towne of Barre,
who passed away August 8, 1888. He con
tracted a third alliance with Mrs. Ella
Chalmers, widow of Rev. John R. Chalmers
of St. Johnsbury, April 29, 1890.
In his religious belief Mr. Dunnett leans
toward the Unitarian church. He has been
an active and influential Free Mason, having
served as Master of the Blue Lodge and
High Priest of the St. Johnsbury Royal
Arch Chapter ; he is also a raember of the
order of Knights Templar.
DUNTON, Charles H., of Poultney,
son of Elijah and Mary Ann (French) Dun
ton, was born in UnderhiU, Jan. 24, 1844.
He received his preparatory education at
the New Hampton Institute, at Fairfax, and
was graduated from the University of Ver
mont in the class of 1870. He then for a
year suppUed the Methodist church at John
son, and in 187 1-' 7 2 took a post-graduate
course at the Boston University. Having
been admitted to the Troy conference of the
Methodist Episcopal church, for two years
he discharged the duties of pastor at Man
chester and East Dorset. In 1874 hewas
elected a teacher of natural science in the
Troy Conference Academy, at Poultney, an
institution which, after some years of sus
pension, was at that time reopened. After
serving three years in this subordinate
capacity, he was elected principal of the
institution in 1877. This position he has
occupied ever since, spending most of his
summer vacations in travelling abroad, and
among the states.
As a social leader and popular educator.
Dr. Dunton is too weU known for comment.

DUNTON.

DWINELL.

115

He has placed the Troy Conference Acad
emy in the first ranks of the schools of the
state. In his poUtical views he is RepubUcan,
but his lifework and energies have been
more especially devoted to his professional
duties. In 1883 he was one of the state

DWINELL, Frank A., of Montpelier;
son of Albert and Irene D. (Rich) DwineU,
was born at East Calais, May 23, 1848.
He received his education from the cora
mon schools of his native place and gradu
ated from Barre Academy in the class of
1868 ; began business in active life in his
father's store at East Calais, reraaining until
1874, when he removed to Plainfield and
engaged in the mercantile business, which
he successfully carried on for a number of
years. In 1885 the Farraers' Trust Co. was or
ganized. Mr. Dwinell was elected presi
dent, at once taking an active interest in the
management, which position he has retained
up to this time. Under the conservative
policy and prudent management inaugur
ated, and which has always been maintained,
a strong financial corporation has been
buUt up. In consequence of his connection
with this corapany, he moved to Montpelier
in the spring of 1890.

CHARLES H. DUNTON.
representatives to the interstate convention
held at LouisviUe, Ky., which originated the
Blair biU. Three years after this time he
received the degree of D. D. from Syracuse
University, and for a long period has, by
successive appointments, been state exam
iner of normal schools.
Dr. Dunton was married at Johnson, June
26, 1872, to Nettie W., the accomplished
daughter of Judge Samuel and Flavilla (Wat
erman) Belding.
In his denomination. Dr. Dunton is with
out question the foremost man in the state,
and his own reputation and that of his
school are of such a character that words of
commendation are superfluous. His untir
ing energy and great educational ability
have met with well-merited success in the
chosen walk of Ufe to which he has devoted
so much inteUigent and industrious effort.
In 1892 he was a member of the General
Conference of the M. E. Church.
In the civil war he proved his patriotism
by enUsting in Co. F, 13th Vt. Regt., and
after six months of creditable service, was
honorably discharged on account of physical
disability.

FRANK A. DWINELL.

Mr. DwineU has identified himself with
several local institutions, being a director of
the Wetraore & Morse Granite Co., a direc
tor and vice president of the Montpelier
BuUding & Construction Co., also a direc
tor in the First National Bank.
In politics Mr. Dwinell is a Republican,
takes an active interest in political affairs
and has held various public ofifices ; was for
a number of years town clerk and treasurer
of Plainfield. He was elected to the Gen-

ii6

DWINELL.

DWINELL.

•eral Assembly of 1878, and in 1890 was
elected senator from 'Washington county and
was elected president pro tempore of the
Senate, also served on several important
committees. He was united in raarriage at East Mont
pelier, Dec. 15, 1870, to Hattie A., daughter
of Lawson and Asenath (Clark) Hararaett.
Two chUdren are the issue of this raar
riage : Elbert Hammett, and Melvin Ray
mond. DWINELL, Joseph Elmer, of Glover,
son of Joseph Hamraond and Almira (Hol
brook) Dwinell, was born in Keene, N. H.,
AprU 30, 1830. His ancestry, of French

/•^ #?\

JOSEPH ELMER DWINELL.

origin upon the father's side, can be traced
back to an early date in the settlement of
the New World. His grandfather of six
generations back settled in Topsfield, Mass.,
in 1672, where he becarae the possessor of
an extensive property, owning all the land
frora Middleton to Wenhara. His raother's
ancestor, Thoraas Holbrook, was English
and carae frora the mother county in 1624,
becoming one ofthe original settlers of Wey
mouth, Mass., where he died at an advanced
age, a prominent and wealthy man.
The subject of the present sketch pos
sesses in a marked degree the suavity and
ideality of a Frenchman, corabined with the

pride and energy of an Englishman. When
he was about two years of age, his father
moved to Glover, which has since been his
home, except for a short time, when he was
at St. Johnsbury, White River Junction, and
Island Pond. He received his education in
the coramon and high schools of the town
his school days coming before the founding
of the Orleans Liberal Institute, of which
institution he has long been a trustee, treas
urer, and much of the time chairman of the
executive coramittee.
In 1853 he bought a half interest in his
father's business of furniture dealer, manu
facturer, and undertaker. His brother
Charles soon assuraed his father's place in
the firm, and under the narae of J. E. &C.
H. Dwinell, they carried on the largest and
raost flourishing furniture trade at that time
in Orleans county, keeping warerooms at Bar
ton, Barton Landing, and Greensboro. He
still has an interest in the business, though
not as actively engaged in it as formerly.
He has filled many offices of trust in town
and county with abUity, acting for several
years as constable, collector and deputy
sheriff. He has employed much of his time
in the settleraent of estates, for which work
he seems eminently adapted. He has been
for the last ten years, one of the directors of
the Barton National Bank. During the
years i873-'74 he was a partner with his
brother, the late D. Lyman DwineU, as a dry
goods merchant in Glover. He has at times
been quite extensively engaged in the lum
ber trade.
He is at present chairraan of the town
school board, ever working for the best in
terests of education in his beloved state.
Mr. Dwinell is passionately fond of music,
and was one of the original founders of the
Orleans Musical Association. He has had
great influence in bringing that organization
to its present enviable position, having
served as one of its officers from the lowest
to the highest grade. He has been a mem
ber of the choir in Glover for fifty-three
years, and chorister of the Congregational
church for twenty years.
He is a staunch Democrat in politics, and
a firm Universalist in religious preference,
though he ever advocates that a spirit of
brotherly love should unite aU sects. He
was for raany years superintendent of the
Universahst Sunday school.
He married, Oct. 9, 1856, Eliza M., daugh
ter of the late Amos Phelps and PhUa (Sart
weU) Bean, of Glover. Eight children have
been born to them, four of whom lived to
maturity : Fred Elmer, Harley Joseph, Alice
Eliza (Mrs. Henry Ralph Cutler), and Edith
May (Mrs. Arthur Charies McDoweU).

EATON.

XI7

EATON, Fred LAURINE, of MontpeUer,
son of Arthur G. and EUen M. (Chase)
Eaton, was born in Calais, July 10, 1859.
At an early age he removed with his
mother to Montpelier and obtained his edu
cation at the Union and Washington county
grararaar school. After this he was for a few

EAYRES, George Nelson, of Rut
land, son of Jaraes and Anna (Bingraan)
Eayres, was born in Rutland, Dec. 12, 1824.
He was educated in the public schools
and at Castleton Seminary and by experi
ence as a teacher in various educational in
stitutions in the towns of Rutiand and Pitts
ford. Bred upon a farra, Mr. Eayres continued
with his father till 1855, when he reraoved
to Pittsford, and purchased the estate
known as the "Hitchcock" farm, where he
remained for more than twenty years, when
he again changed his residence and located
at Rutland, leaving his property in the care
of his oldest son. After a prolonged visit to
the West, chiefly in Wisconsin where he had
important business interests, he returned to
Rutland and in 1879 received the appoint
ment of superintendent of the Vermont
House of Correction, the duties of which
office he continued to discharge to May i,
1893.

FRED LAURINE EATON.
years employed as a clerk, and was made, in
1877, teller in the First National Bank, where
he remained tiU 1881, when he was engaged
as the cashier of the National Bank of Barre.
After four years of this employment he ex
changed to the First National Bank of Mont
peher, which he has served as cashier to the
present time. He has been for years both
town and village treasurer, and has acted as
the treasurer of the Wetraore & Morse Granite
Co., of the R. C. Bowers Granite Co., and
of the Verraont Quarry Co. Of the last two
corporations he is also a director.
Mr. Eaton raarried, Oct. 15, 1884, at
Barre, LilUan, daughter of Lewis and Lu
cinda (PettingiU) Gale. Two children have
been born to them : Stanley, and Dorothy.
He was a charter member of Gen. Stephen
Thomas Camp, S. of V., receiving the com-
pUraent of being elected their first captain,
and in 1888 was promoted to the colonelcy of
the Verraont division of that organization.
Mr. Eaton belongs to the various Masonic
bodies and is now serving as the Eminent
Coramander of the Mt. Zion Comraandery
of Knights Templar.

GEORGE NELSON EAYRES.

In the early part of his life a whig, Mr.
Eayres has acted with the Republican party
since the tirae of its organization and has
held raany ofifices in the gift of the people,
representing PUtsford in the Legislature of
1876. He was joined in marriage to Almira A.,
daughter of Eliphalet and Almira (Thomas)
Allen, Sept. 19, 1849. Six chUdren have
been the fruit of this union, four of whora
are now living and have faraUies — two sons
in Pittsford and two daughters in Rutiand.

ii8

EDSON.

EDMUNDS.

EDSON, Ezra, of Mendon, son of
Cyrus and Hannah (Hudson) Edson, was
born in Turner, Me., Jan. 12, 1813, one of
seven children, himself and one brother
being the only survivors.
His parents, descended from Puritan an
cestry, removed frora Bridgewater, Mass.,
first to Maine, and afterwards to Shrewsbury,
in 181 7, but finally took up their abode in
South Mendon. Here the son was educated
in the coraraon schools and West Rutland
Acaderay, never losing an opportunity to
iraprove his mind by private study and read
ing. Though having a strong predilection
for the legal profession, the force of circum-
¦ stances caused hira to learn the trade of a

EZRA EDSON,

blacksmith, and in this capacity he was for
sorae tirae in the employment of the Ames
Co. at Bridgewater. He then returned to
Mendon, purchased a farm, but after some
years removed to the village, devoting him
seU to the labors of the forge and deaUng to
a considerable extent in real estate.
Socially and politically he is eminent in
his section, has held every important ofificial
position in the town, which he ably repre
sented in six sessions of the Legislature,
serving on several important committees.
For nearly haU a century he has honor
ably andl conscientiously discharged the
duties of a justice of the peace. In early
life he became a member of the Rutland
Baptist Church, which yet in his later years
he regularly attends.

Mr. Edson married in Bridgewater, July
I, 1837, Angehna, daughter of Zenas and
Lydia (Whitman) Washburn. Four chil
dren are the fruit of this union : Lucien
Lucien Otis, Hannah Whitman (Mrs. Mar
quis E. Tenney), and Mary Jane. The two
sons and last daughter died young. His
wife died in 1882, and his daughter, Mrs.
Tenney, her husband and two granddaugh
ters are living with him where he has lived
for forty-two years.
EDMUNDS, George Franklin, of
Burlington, son of Ebenezer and Naomi
(Briggs) Edmunds, was born in Richmond,
Feb. I, 1828.
His preliminary education was had in the
public schools and under a private tutor.
When but eighteen he began the study of
law in Burlington, and continued it at Rich
mond in the ofifice of his brother-in-law, A.
B. Maynard, in i846-'47. In the two fol
lowing years he was a student in the office
of SmaUey & Phelps in Burlington. In
March, 1849, ^^ was admitted to the bar of
Chittenden county, and to partnership with
Mr. Maynard at Richraond. The new firra
was very successful. In November, 185 1,
he removed to Burlington, which thencefor
ward became his home. At the time of Mr.
Edmunds' removal to Burlington the legal
fraternity of the state was exceptionally
strong. Ex-Governor Underwood, D. A.
SmaUey, E. J. Phelps, L. E. Chittenden, and
others were formidable competitors, but he
soon worked his way to the front. In 1866,
when he was first appointed to the National
Senate, he had secured the largest and most
lucrative practice in that section of Vermont.
The services of George F. Edmunds fill
some of the cleanest, brightest pages in the
legislative history of the state and nation.
In 1854 he raade his first appearance in the
field of local politics as the raoderator of the
Burlington March meeting, and he was soon
afterward elected representative of the town
to the Legislature. A member of the House
in the years i854-'55-'56-'s7-'58-'S9, he
was also speaker during the last three ses
sions. In 1864 he served in the joint com
mittee on the state library, and also in the
committee on the judiciary. In 1855 he
was made chairman of the latter body.
In 1 86 1 Mr. Edraunds was returned,
against his protest, to the state Senate from
Chittenden county, and was chairman of its
judiciary committee. Re-elected in 1862,
he served on the same committee. In each
of these years he was also president pro
tempore of the Senate. In 1866, United
States Senator Solomon Foote died and Mr.
Edmunds was appointed his successor by
Gov. Paul DiUingham. AprU 5, 1866, he
began that long senatorial career which so

EDMUNDS.

ELDREDGE.

honored himself, his state, and his country.
He was afterwards elected by the Legisla
ture for the remainder of the term ending
March 4, 1869, and in 1868, 1874, 1880, and
1886 received elections for the full senatorial
term. In 1891, after more than a quarter of
a century's service, he resigned. His impress
on national legislation was greater than that
of any other man of his time, and he had
for years been the foremost senator. No
one thinks of his pro tempore presidency of
the Senate, so overshadowed is it by his real
leadership. In the winter of 1876 came a crisis in the
history of the United States, the great dan
ger of which is year by year realized. The
nation was threatened with all the evils of
disputed succession to the chief magistracy.
Senator Edraunds coraprehended the situa
tion, and led from danger to lawful safety.
He first submitted the draft of a constitu
tional amendment, which remitted the duty
of counting the electoral votes to the Su
preme Court of the United States. But this
was rejected by a vote of 14 to 31. On the
1 6th of December he called up the message
frora the House of Representatives, an
nouncing the appointraent of a coramittee of
seven to act in conjunction with a commit
tee of the Senate in advising sorae raethod
of counting the electoral vote ; and sub
raitted a resolution referring the message of
the House to a select committee of seven
senators, having power to prepare and re
port, without unnecessary delay, such a
measure as would secure the lawful count
of the electoral vote, and the best disposi
tion of the questions connected therewith,
and that this committee have power to
confer with the coraraittee of the House
of Representatives. The resolution was
adopted, the coraraittee appointed and
Senator Edraunds was made its chairman.
In the discussions which followed he devised
the electoral commission bill.
On the 13th of January, 1877, Mr. Ed
munds reported the proposed measure,
which provided for the appointment of an
electoral commission, and which defined the
duties of its members. The bill passed into
law. Senator Edmunds was appointed a
member of the electoral coraraission on the
part of the Senate, and contributed effi
ciently to the lawful solution of the problera
in which so many dangers lurked.
The anti-polygaray law now in force is
rightly known as the Edmunds law. But a
list of good measures passed and bad meas
ures defeated by his efforts and under his
leadership would be interminable.
Unsought by him, in 1880 and 1884 many
of his party, who wanted it to make its first
statesman its leader, earnestly worked for
his nomination for the presidency in the

RepubUcan national conventions of those
years. In 1891 he resigned his seat in the
United States Senate, and has since devoted
his time to the practice of his profession.
ELDREDGE, LOYAL D., of Middle
bury, son of Julius and Polly (Cowles)
Eldredge, was born at Stockholm, N. Y.,
Feb. 5, 1831.
At the completion of his preparatory
studies he graduated at Middlebury College
in 1857 and was admitted to the bar in 1859,
Mr. Eldredge practiced his profession at
Alburgh Springs for three years and was
elected state's attorney for Grand Isle county
in 1861 and '62. In the latter year he re
raoved to Middlebury, and has resided there
ever since, devoting hiraself to the practice
of law and other avocations.
Frora 1864 to 1870 he held the ofifice of
assistant assessor of internal revenue, and
deputy collector, and in 1870 was appointed
first deputy collector of internal revenue of
the District of Vermont. He was elected to
the state Senate in 1876, and was a member
of the lower House in 1888. Six years
previous to this period he was made a trus
tee of Middlebury College and in 1884
treasurer of that institution. Both of these
ofifices he holds at the present time.
Hon. L. D. Eldredge married, July 29,
1858, AVealthy A., daughter of Ralph and
Martha (Kneeland) Parker of Waterbury.
One daughter was the fruit of this union :
Julia A. (Mrs. C. G. Leavenworth of Cleve
land, Ohio).
ELDRIDGE, LOVELL JACKSON, of St.
Johnsbury, son of Lewis J. and Rosa J.
(Tracy) Eldridge, was born Nov. 19, 1863,
at Montgomery.
When eight years old, he was left an
orphan, without friends or property. By
dint of persistent work on the farra, he paid
his own way in district schools until he was
eighteen years of age. MeanwhUe he saved
raoney enough to provide for himself a sup
plementary course of one year's study at the
State Normal School, Johnson, and three
years at People's Academy, MorrisviUe. At
both schools he took a select course of study
and thorough drill, preparatory for business.
Great credit must be given hira for avaiUng
hiraself to the fullest extent of his oppor
tunities, and for his honorable struggle,
when a youth, to obtain the best education
afforded by his narrow circurastances. On
leaving school and facing, for the first time,
the business world, Mr. Eldridge was handi
capped by no cash debts, nor burdened
with the consciousness of having had
material favors frora relatives or friends. His
first venture was to canvass eleven of the
western and central states, in the stencil

ELDRIDGE.
.and stamp business, with headquarters at
Madison, Wis., raanufacturing, largely, his
own goods. Returning to Verraont to re
gain his health, for three years he taught
school in Enosburgh and Hyde Park. From
1887 to 1890, he was travelling salesman
and collector in the New England states for
a large pottery firm of Trenton, N. J. He
was then appointed local agent at Morris
ville for the Connecticut General Life In
surance Co., remaining there two years,
when he was placed in charge of the general

LOVELL JACKSON ELDRIDGE.
agency of the same corapany, with head
quarters at St. Johnsbury, where he now has
a large and prosperous business.
He married, Oct. 19, 1892, at Platts
burgh, Clinton county. Mo., Katie A., daugh
ter of Col. Charles W. (banker of that city)
and Mary E. (Eunkhouser) Porter.
Mr. Eldridge has been a raeraber of the I.
O. O. F. since 1891, and also of the Sons of
Veterans, Camp No. 50, at MorrisviUe. He
has never taken any part in politics nor held
political ofifice.
He became an.active member of the First
¦Congregational Church of DanviUe, in 1890,
and later of the Young Men's Christian
Association of St. Johnsbury.
Mr. Eldridge has been president of the
MorrisviUe Lyceum Bureau, and, in 1890,
joined the Vermont Life Underwriters Asso
ciation, of which he was elected one of the
vice-presidents in 1891.

ELLIOT. I 2 I
ELLIOT, Lester Hall, of Waterbury,
son of Ezra and EUza (HaU) Elliot, was
born in Croyden, N. H., August i, 1835.
Commencing his primary education in the
district schools, he entered the University of
Vermont, frora which he graduated in 1861,
completing his scholastic career in the
Union Theological Seminary of New York
City, where he was graduated in 1864.
Being licensed to preach by the Brooklyn
(N. Y.) Congregational Association, he
commenced by supplying the pulpits of the
Congregational churches of Colchester and
Winooski and on May 21, 1866, he was
ordained and installed as pastor of the
church in the latter place. This position he
occupied for six years and then reraoved to
Bradford, where he continued his ministra
tions till 1880, when, after temporary en
gagements, in several parishes in this state
and KeeseviUe, N. Y., he finally became sec
retary and agent of the Verraont Bible
Society in 1884, in which occupation he
has continued tiU the present time, with res
idence at Waterbury. Mr. ElUot was dele
gate to the National CouncU of Congrega
tional Churches, held at Oberlin, Ohio, in
November, 187 1. While residing in Wi
nooski he was made superintendent of pubhc
schools, and he represented the town of
Waterbury in the Legislature of 1892.
During that session he was a member of the
committee on education and chairman of
that on the insane.
He was wedded, Oct. 21, 1866, at Greens
boro, to Lois Maria, daughter of Enoch
and AbigaU (Cook) Tolman, who died in
Winooski, Jan. 6, 1871. Their children
were : Anna M., and Henry T., both of
whom died in infancy.
He was again married, Nov. 30, 1875, at
Campton, N. H., to Phebe Elizabeth,
daughter of Ezekiel H. and Almira (Dole)
Hodgdon. They have one son : Henry
Hodgdon. ELLIS, Edward Dyer, of Poultney,
son of Zenas C. and Sarah (Dyer) Ellis, was
born in Fair Haven, August 31, 1850. His
father. Judge Ellis, was well known and
prominent in the county and state.
Mr. Edward Ellis, having obtained a thor
ough preparatory training in the schools of
Fair Haven, later attended Kimball Union
Acaderay at Meriden, N. H., which he left in
1869 to enter Middlebury College and from
this institution he graduated in 1874. He
then devoted himself to a course of profes
sional study in the medical department of
Harvard University frora which he received
a diploma in 1877. In 1878 he settled in
Poultney as a practicing physician in which
capacity he has since remained, raeeting
with success and establishing in connection

122

ELLSWORTH.

ELLSWORTH.

with his professional labors a druggist's busi
ness. He is an adherent of the principles of the
Republican party, but has devoted the raajor
part of his tirae to his professional pursuits,
never seeking official preferment, though he
is at present chairman of the Republican
town coraraittee.

EDWARD DYER ELLIS.

Dr. Ellis is vestryman and treasurer of
St. John's Episcopal Church, was formerly
the president and secretary of the Rutland
County Surgical and Medical Society.
He was married at Hampton, N. Y., Oct.
2 1, 1885, to IsabeUa, daughter of R. T. and
Lydia (Stowe) Ray. Of this alliance four
children are issue : Sarah Blanche, Lydia
Stowe, Hannah Dyer, and Rodney Ray.
Dr. Ellis is highly esteeraed by his ac
quaintances for the firmness of his character
and general ability. He is conservative in
his ideas and has met with well-merited suc
cess both in public and private life.
ELLSWORTH, JOHN Clark, late of
Greensboro, son of John and Sarah (Strong)
Ellsworth, was born in Chatham, Conn.,
Feb. 22, 1793. His great-grandfather,
Capt. John Ellsworth of East Windsor,
Conn., married Anna, daughter of Timothy
Edwards, and sister of the celebrated Jona
than Edwards. John C. Ellsworth, the
fourth of his name, and his father were the
first of the family to emigrate to A^ermont,
arriving in 1798, and the father was the first
judge of probate in Orleans county. They

settled on a farra in Greensboro and here
John Clark eagerly availed himself of the
limited educational privileges open to him,
attending the public schools and Peacham
Academy, then under charge of his uncle,
Ezra Carter, who was the first principal of
that institution. He also was instructed to
some extent by his father, who was a man of
much literary abiUty for that time.
At the outset of his active hfe he sen'ed
as a clerk in the employraent of his uncle.
Deacon Strong, at Hardwick, but in the fall
of 1 82 1 he accepted a call to missionary
work araong the Cherokee Indians and in
the corapany of Rev. Austin Worcester and
others he proceeded to Brainerd, Ga., con
tinuing his labors araong the savages until
1836, when he returned to Greensboro on
account of the ill health of his wife and the
removal of the Cherokees from Georgia by
Gen. Andrew Jackson. Mr. Ellsworth pur
chased a farm adjoining that of his father;
previous to his death he purchased a farm
near the village, and in the cultivation of
this property eraployed himself tiU the time

JOHN CLARK ELLSWORTH.

of his death, July 11, 1861. In his experi
ence as Indian missionary he encountered
many hardships and obstacles, but these he
cheerfuUy and laboriously overcame, being
assisted in his unselfish work by his noble
wife, who was the matron of the Indian
school, of which he was the superintendent.
Those interested in Indian mission work
will obtain valuable information by a perusal
of the letters of Mr. EUsworth in the Mis-

ENRIGHT.

123

sionary Herald frora 182 1 to 1836. He
early becarae attached to the cause of aboli
tion and while in Georgia, with his corapan
ion, Mr. Worcester, suffered rauch persecu
tion for righteousness' sake, being arrested
and narrowly escaping imprisonment on
account of their active sympathy with the
downtrodden Indian, and their labors in the
cause of Christianity and the welfare of the
aboriginal race received little or no encour
ageraent frora the white portion of the sur
rounding community. The greater part of
his long and peaceful life was devoted to
study and literary pursuits, and "far from the
busy hum of men" he tranquilly enjoyed the
pleasures afforded hira by the perusal of his
books. He was the representative of Greensboro
to the Legislature at an early period, but
though much interested in politics as a
staunch RepubUcan he never took an active
part in public Ufe.
Mr. Ellsworth first married EUza, daughter
of Thomas Tolman, a soldier of the Revolu
tion, later a Congregational minister, who
died April i8, 1856. His second wife,
whom he wedded March 17, 1857, was Mary
E., daughter of Charles B. Bailey and Abi
gail (Cobb) Field of Greensboro, but for
merly residents of Peacham.
EMERY, Curtis Stanton, of Chelsea,
son of Amos and Sarah M. (Hibbard)
Emery, was born Nov. 6, 1861, in Brook
field. He reraoved, with his parents, to Chelsea
in the spring of 1869.
After receiving his education at the cora
raon schools and at Chelsea Academy, he
read law with the late Hon. C. W. Clarke
and A. S. Austin at Chelsea. He was ad
mitted to the bar of Orange county in 1883
and to that of the Supreme Court at Mont
pelier in 1886.
Mr. Emery commenced practice at Chel
sea at the time of his admission to the
courts, and continued for three years, when
he was appointed cashier of the First
National Bank of Chelsea, which position
he resigned in February, 1893. He then
resumed his profession, doing also a general
insurance, loan and collection business.
Since 1888 he has been a director of the
Union Mutual Fire Insurance Co., of Mont
pelier. Mr. Emery has held many town offices
and was elected commissioner for Orange
county in 1885, a position which he holds to
the present time. He was elected to the
Legislature of 1888, being the youngest
member of the House, and serving on the
committee on elections. By a curious coin
cidence, his father sat in the House at the
same tirae, being a member from the town of

Sharon. He is now county auditor for
Orange county.
He was united in marriage May 12, 1887,
to Hattie J., daughter of Franklin and
Maria R. Ordway of Tunbridge. They have
two children : Sallie Helena, and Donald.
Mr. Emery has held nearly all the ofifices
in George Washington Lodge, No. 51, F. &
A. M. of Chelsea and at present occupies
the Master's chair.
ENRIGHT, JOSEPH Cornelius, of
Windsor, son of Rev. Joseph and Catharine
(Wier) Enright, was born in Morgan, Dec.
2, 1852.
He graduated from Dartraouth College in
the class of 1878, and comraenced to study
law in the same year. He was admitted to
the Windsor county bar in 1881, and since
that time has been in the practice of his
profession in Windsor, being also largely
interested in insurance and real estate.

JOSEPH CORNELIUS ENRIGHT.
In 1879 Mr. Enright was appointed super
intendent of schools in Hartland, and suIdsc-
quently served in the same capacity in the
town of Windsor, where he has been first
selectraan since 1891. In 1890 was elected
to represent Windsor in the General Assera
bly, and served as chairman of the state's
prison committee. He was again called to
the same body in 1892, and in that session
was chairman of the coramittee on claims.
In 1893 he was chosen school director for
three years.

124

ENRIGHT.

ESTEY.

He is a meraber of the Masonic order, in
which he has taken every degree frora the
ist to the 32d, inclusive; he has served as
secretary and warden of Vermont Lodge
No. 1 8, recorder of Vermont Commandery
No. 4, and secretary of Verraont Lodge of
Perfection. He was united in raarriage July 23, 1882,
at Brorapton, P. Q., to Clara J., daughter of
Araos and Matilda (Alger) Varney. One
daughter has been born to them : Daisey
Maud. ENRIGHT, John j., of Buriington,
was born in South Burlington, April 6, 1862.
In 1878 he was graduated from the Bur-

»;<

JOHN J. ENRIGHT.

lington high school and began the study of
law in the ofifice of Judge Hamilton S. Peck
and later with Hon. Henry Ballard. At the
age of twenty-one he was admitted to the
bar of Chittenden county, and had charge
of Mr. Ballard's ofifice for a year while that
gentieman was absent in the West, doing
quite a large business at that time. He
then opened the ofifice which he now occu
pies. These quarters are nicely furnished
and equipped, covering the whole ground
floor, and his clientage is steadily on the in
crease, he having been obUged to eraploy a
stenographer the past three years to assist
him. In politics Mr. Enright has always been a
strong Democrat and has a large following
in the Deraocratic ranks. In 1882 he was a
candidate for the Legislature from South

Burlington and was only beaten by one
vote. In 1892 he was a candidate for the
ofifice of Secretary of State.
Mr. Enright has unusual business ability
and has been long identified with several
business enterprises in his city. He is one
of the owners of Mirror Lake Hotel at Lake
Placid in the Adirondacks and is interested
in the Hotel Burlington. He is also some
what interested in real estate in Burlington.
Mr. Enright takes great pleasure in owning
and driving fine horses and he enjoys the
reputation of possessing the finest driving
horses at all tiraes. He is well known
among horsemen and has sold several valu
able horses at a large figure. He has risen
to a prominent position as a lawyer in this
county and has a lucrative legal business,
ranking as one of the best commercial at
torneys in the state.
ESTEY, Jacob, late of Brattleboro, son
of Isaac and Patty (Forbes) Estey, was
born in Hinsdale, N. H., Sept. 30, 1814.
Isaac Estey, his grandfather, was a farmer
and resided in Sutton, Mass. The eldest
son, Isaac (father of Jacob), and his brother
Israel settled in Hinsdale, N. H., where they
built a sawmill and engaged in the manu
facture of lumber. The enterprise, how
ever, proved far from prosperous, and as the
statute law then permitted imprisonment for
debt, under its provisions Isaac Estey was
arrested and thrown into the county jaU, as a
debtor. Upon his release he resorted to
agriculture for the support of himself and
faraily, and passed the remainder of his life
in that pursuit.
The subject of our sketch was adopted
when four years old by a wealthy family in
Hinsdale. After spending nine years under
their roof, at the age of thirteen he left his
foster parents and walked to Worcester,
Mass., where one of his elder brothers
resided. The following four years he labored
upon farms in the towns of Rutiand, Mill-
bury and vicinity. When seventeen years
old he apprenticed himself to T. & J. Sutto^;:
of Worcester, in order to acquire a mastery
of the plumber's trade, and of the manufact
ure of lead pipe.
Before the attainment of his majority he
resolved to establish himself in business,
and for this purpose removed to Brattieboro,
where he was successfiil frora the beginning,
and established the reputation for ability and
probity, which he always retained.
In 1848, he erected a large buUding and
rented the upper part of it to the proprie
tors of a sraaU melodeon factory, but as they
were unable to pay the stipulated rent, Mr.
Estey accepted, in 1850, an interest in their
business in liquidation of his claims, and a
few years afterwards purchased the entire

^;

126

ESTEY.

ESTEY.

establishment. To this new industry he
gave close attention, striving for its enlarge
raent and the developraent of its proraising
possibilities, and in the course of a few years,
he deemed it expedient to dispose of his
plumbing business, and to devote himself
exclusively to the making of organs. W'ith
this determination he erected a second and
larger buUding, but in the fall of 1857 a con
flagration consumed both structures. Though
at once rebuUt, another fire in 1864 destroyed
the new creation, and a very rauch larger one
was proraptiy erected in order to furnish
ample room for the storage of the immense
quantities of material that were needed for
the prosecution of the business.
In 1866 his son-in-law, Levi K. FuUer, and
his son, Julius J. Estey, were admitted to
partnership with himself. In 1869 the sud
den overflow of the streara near which their
factory was located, caused the death by
drowning of one of their workraen, carried
off luraber to the value of several thousand
dollars, and greatly endangered the safety of
the manufactory. To avoid the repetition
of similar disasters, the company selected
higher ground, and on this have erected
nine large factories, each three stories high,
together with large dry houses and the neces
sary buildings for boilers and engines, with
immense storage and packing houses.
Mr. Estey was ever a strong advocate of
the principles of the Republican party, and
in i868-'69 he represented Brattleboro in the
state Legislature. He was also a member
of the state Senate from Windham county
in the biennial sessions of 1872 and 1874,
and rendered most excellent service in that
body. He was one of the principal raovers
in the organization of the First Baptist
Church in Brattleboro in 1840, and was dur
ing life one of its most active and liberal
supporters. His death, on AprU 15, 1890,
was a great loss to the community in which
for so raany years he had lived.
He was married on the 2d of May, 1837,
to Desdemona, daughter of David and Anna
Kendal Wood of Brattleboro. Three chil
dren were the fruit of their union, the eldest
of whora is not living ; the two reraaining
are: Abby E. (Mrs. Levi K. Fuller), and
Julius J.
ESTEY, Julius j., of Brattieboro, son
of Jacob and Desderaona (Wood) Estey,
was born in Brattleboro, January, 1845.
He was educated in the pubhc schools of
his native place and at the celebrated Nor
wich Mihtary University. He did not com
plete the fuU course, however, as he was
admitted by his father into the business
estabhshed in 1846 — which has now be
corae so justly faraous — the manufacture
of the Estey organs. At his majority in

1866, he was adraitted as a fuU partner in
the firra of J. Estey & Co. (afterwards
known as the Estey Organ Co.), which was
composed of Jacob Estey, Julius J. Estey,
and Levi K. Fuller. As treasurer, before
and since his revered father's death in 1890
he has contributed greatly to the large and
highly successful business of organ manu
facturing. General Estey is, and has been
for years, the president of the Peoples
National Bank of Brattleboro, one of the
soundest and raost progressive banking insti
tutions in the state.
Mr. Estey is first and foremost a thorough
business man, but he is also a leading factor
in state affairs, having represented the town

JULIUS J. ESTEY.

of Brattleboro in the Legislature in 1876,
and having served as state senator from
Windham county for the biennial term be
ginning in 1882, his services in both bodies
being particularly creditable both to his
party and hiraself. He was appointed a del-
egate-at-large frora Vermont to the Republi
can national convention of 1888, where his
infiuence and good work was felt and appre
ciated by his associates.
At an early age he became interested in
military affairs, serving in the National
Guard of Vermont. In 1874 he was elected
captain of Co. I, known since as the Estey
Guard. In 1876 he was appointed by Gov. Hor
ace Fairbanks a member of his mUitary
staff with the rank of colonel, and in 1881

FAIRBANKS.

FAIRBANKS.

127

was elected Ueutenant-colonel of the Ver
mont National Guard, which position he
held until his election as colonel in 1886.
In 1892 he was promoted to the command
of the brigade, with the rank of brigadier
general, which position he stiU holds.
It is a matter of record that General
Estey has always commanded one of the
finest and best discipUned miUtary bodies in
the New England states. He is considerate,
polite and popular with his raen, who love
and respect their leader as few sirailar
organizations do. This is due as much per
haps to the strong Christian character of the
man as to his soldierly qualities, for not the
least portion of his life has been exerted in
active service for his church, where he has
always successfully endeavored to inspire
higher and nobler work in the denomination
to which he belongs.
In 1867 he raarried Florence, daughter of
Dr. Henry Gray of Cambridge, N. Y., from
which union he has been blessed with three
sons : Jacob Gray, Julius Harry, and Guy
Carpenter. He has been president of the Baptist
State Sunday School Association, and for
the past ten years has held the presidency of
the board of managers of the Baptist state
convention. He has been a great benefac
tor to and worker in the Sunday school of

his church, which he has fostered and en
couraged to the utmost.
Among the educational institutions of the
state which he has particularly promoted is
the Vermont Academy of Saxton's River,
which is now one of the foreraost institu
tions of learning in Verraont. For sorae
years he has been the treasurer of this insti
tution. He has for raany years been a
raeraber of the board of trustees of the
school for young raen at Mount Hermon,
Mass., and the Northfield Seminary, for
young ladies, at Northfield, Mass., both of
which were estabUshed by Mr. D. L. Moody,
the evangeUst. Of the latter institution he
is also treasurer.
Since the organization of the Young
Men's Christian Association of Brattleboro
General Estey has served as its president
and been one of its raost Uberal supporters
and trusted leaders. His interest in this
organization, however, is not confined to the
local organization, but he has for years been
active in the state gatherings and chairman
of the state executive committee.
His benevolence and charity to deserving
objects is too weU known to require especial
mention. He has won the highest en
comiums of his associates and fellow-men
and has always led an active and upright life.

FAIRBANKS, Franklin, of St. Johns
bury, son of Erastus and Lois (Grossman)
Fairbanks, was born in St. Johnsbury, June
18, 1828.
He received his early education in the
public schools x>t his native town, the Pink
erton Academy, Derry, N. H., and in the
academies at Peachara and St. Johnsbury.
At the age of seventeen he entered the
scale works and by actual labor in the
various departments, and having a natural
genius for mechanics, made himself farailiar
wUh everything that had to do with the
making of a scale. He afterwards was clerk
in the store and. in all the departments of
the ofifice of the establishment, and these
years of practical experience in the shop,
store and office served as a school to give
hira a technical and business education.
When he was twenty-seven years of age
he was admitted as partner in the firm of E.
& T. Fairbanks & Co. For many years he
was superintendent of the works, a position
for which he was prepared by his practical
knowledge of all the operations of the estab
lishment. To his efificient management is
due rauch of the success and growth of the
company. He naturally assuraed the prac
tical, while his brother Horace undertook

the business adrainistration. He was active
in the construction of the St. Johnsbury &
I>ake Champlain R. R., a work demanding
courage, the raost skiUful engineering, and
great executive ability. In 1876, at the or
ganization of the firra as a corporation he
was elected vice-president, and at the death
of his brother in 1888 he was made presi
dent and has held this ofifice to the present
time. While Colonel Fairbanks has not been in
politics, he has always manifested a consist
ent and active interest in public affairs. He
was elected by the Republican party as rep
resentative from St. Johnsbury to the state
Legislature in 1870 and again in 1872, at
the latter session being chosen speaker of
the House. He has been a meraber of the
state Republican coraraittee for raore than
twenty years. He was appointed aid-de
camp with the rank of colonel in Governor
HaU's staff in 1858. He received the sarae
appointraent in 1861 from Governor Fair
banks. At this time he did effective service
in raising troops, caring for their disposition
and arranging for their comfort at the front.
Since 1888 he has been president of the
First National Bank of St. Johnsbury. He
is also president of the Ely Hoe & Fork Co.

FAIRBANKS.

FAIRBANKS.

of the same town. He is a trustee of the
Northfield (Mass.) Serainary, the Soldiers'
Home, the. St. Johnsbury Academy, the
Athenfeura, and Museura of Natural Science.
From his boyhood Colonel Fairbanks has
had an earnest and intelligent interest in
natural science. When a young man he
became a collector of Ulustrations of an
thropology, mineralogy, and ornithology.
These studies have been his recreation and
at tiraes have shared, while they have re
lieved, his business cares. Having a con-

-^'. - --«'*-.-.

FRANKLIN FAIRBANKS.

viction that a raore extended knowledge of
the sciences would elevate the community,
he erected and presented to the town a
museum of natural science, which was dedi
cated in December, 1891. This museum
has been by his liberality fully equipped for
scientific study, and amply endowed.
Since 186 1 Colonel Fairbanks has been
superintendent of the Sunday school of the
North Church of St. Johnsbury, a continu
ous service of thirty-two years. For ten
years he was a member of the international
lesson coraraittee.
December 8, 1852, Colonel Fairbanks
married Frances A. Clapp, daughter of Rev.
Suraner G. and Pamelia (Strong) Clapp.
They have had four chUdren : Alfred, Mary
Florence (now Mrs. Joseph T. Herrick of
Springfield, Mass.), Margaret Jane, and
Ellen Henrietta, of whom two, Mrs. Her
rick and Ellen H., now survive.

FAIRBANKS, Henry, of St. Johnsbury,.
son of Thaddeus and Lucy Barker Fair
banks, was born in St. Johnsbury, May 6
1830. When ten years old he spent a year in
Pinkerton Academy, Derry, N. H., and then
entered the St. Johnsbury Academy, which
the brothers, E., T. and J. P. Fairbanks,.
established in 1842, to provide instruction.
for their children. He was graduated from
this academy in 1847, from Dartmouth Col
lege in 1853, and from Andover Theologi
cal Serainary in 1857, having spent a year in:
Europe in i848-'49, and six raonths in 1856.
In the latter year he went with Dr. S. H.,
Taylor, the honored teacher of Phillips An
dover Acaderay, as far as Egypt and Pales
tine, and completed his tour of Europe by
the ascent of Mt. Blanc. After graduation
he took the charge of a large number of
horae missionary fields, not only preaching,
but directing the vacation labor of students
and others in them, and gathering up the
fruits of their work. In i860 he went to
Dartmouth College as professor of natural
philosophy, taking afterward the department
of natural history.

HENRY FAIRBANKS.

After eight years in this service he returned
to St. Johnsbury, where he developed various
inventions, securing raany patents, and at the
sarae. tirae preached as his health allowed.
He led the evangelistic work of the Young
Men's Christian Associations in the state,
and as president of the State Missionary

FAIRBANKS.

FAIRBANKS.

129

Society had opportunity for rauch work in
this direction. He is a trustee of Dartraouth
College, and president of the St. Johnsbury
Acaderay, and, in 1891, went to London as
a member of the International Congrega
tional Council. For several years he ha?
been secretary of the corporation of E. &
T. Fairbanks & Co.
He was married in 1862 to Miss Annie,
daughter of Prof. D. J. Noyes of Dartraouth
College, who lived ten years. In 1874 he
raarried Ruthy Page of Newport. He has
six children ; the eldest. Rev. Arthur Fair
banks, Ph. D., is a meraber of the faculty of
Yale Divinity School, and the second, Robert
N. Fairbanks, is in business in New York.
FAIRBANKS, THADDEUS, born in
Brimfield, Mass., Jan. 17, 1796; died in St.
Johnsbury, Vt., April 12, 1886.
The first of the name came to this coun
try in 1633, Jonathan Ffayerbanke, from
Sowerby, near Halifax, on the west border
of Yorkshire ; and Richard, who was the inn
keeper and first postmaster of Boston. Jon
athan, the ancestor, so far as known, of all
the American famiUes, built in 1636 a house
in Dedham, Mass., which with the additions
made later is still standing. The "Item —
two vices and one turning laeth and other
seuch thinges," and "Item — many smale
tools for turning and other the hke work,"
in the inventory of the estate of Jonathan
F. in 1668 seem to indicate thus early the
mechanical taste of the faraily, while the
plan of the house, the finish, and many little
arrangements show taste and skiU. George,
the second son of Jonathan, carae with his
father from England, lived in Dedham, and
in 1657 removed to Sherborn, where he was
selectraan and a leading citizen. His fourth
child, EUezur, was born in 1655 and becarae
a prominent man in Sherborn. His young
est child was "Captain" Eleasur, born in
1690, whose eleventh child, born in 1734,
known in Sherborn history as "Deacon"
Ebenezer, moved to Brimfield, Mass., in
1783. His second son, Joseph, born in
Sherborn in 1763, moved with his father to
Brimfield, bought a small farm, and in 1 790
raarried Phoebe Paddock of Holland, Mass.,
whose ancestor came to America with Gov
ernor Carver, and raarried into the family of
Governor Bradford, and whose brother.
Judge Ephraim Paddock, and others of the
family, coming to Vermont, became honored
and prominent citizens. To thera three
sons were born: Erastus, Oct. 28, 1792;
Thaddeus, Jan. 17, 1796, and Joseph Pad
dock, Nov. 26, 1806.
Thaddeus, though born upon the farra,
was a slender child, nervously organized,
growing too fast to be strong, suffering in
his plays with rougher children, then as aU

his life lacking physical vigor, so that in his
later years he said that he did not know
that he ever in all his life felt weU, an expe
rience that led to such care of hiraself and
such pains to raake the most of himself that
few men have accomplished more or lived
longer than he. He describes himself as
exceedingly timid, exceedingly bashful, so
that when sent on his mother's errands to
the store in the evening no one could know
what a struggle it cost him to pass the grave
yard, made terrible by the talk of the boys,
under the dark trees on the way, or to nerve
himself to speak to the storekeeper as he
must. What costs another nothing develops
in such a child a true manliness, a real hero
isra. And because it was not easy for him
to speak he thought the raore, and gained
the habit, so marked in all his life, of not
beginning to speak until he had thought the
raatter through and was quite prepared to
speak inteUigently. The boy who preferred
to be with his mother instead of playing
with boys outside was learning to consider
every question so thoroughly that later his
advice was sought and heeded by probably
more men than ever came to any one else in
the state.
His father, Joseph, was a carpenter as weU
as farmer, and Thaddeus, who was afraid to
speak to the storekeeper, when five years old
was found running as fast as a child could
around and around upon the plates of a
building partly raised ; and very early he
began to use his father's tools with a skiU
that seemed inborn, setting in raotion Uttle
raachines driven by the brook back of the
house, or raaking various things for his
mother's convenience.
His father at that time had met with sorae
losses, there was httle money in the country,
and the years when Thaddeus should have
gone to some acaderay were years when the
crops failed, so that he had only the oppor
tunities furnished by the comraon schools,
when he was well enough to attend. Books
were expensive. He often in later years
spoke of how large a sum the dollar that
must be paid for a new arithmetic seeraed to
hira, and many a student coming to him for
aid has had occasion to be glad that he re
membered how ,in his boyhood and young
manhood he longed for educational priv
ileges, which he raissed so much that he was
glad to help others to gain them.
Joseph Fairbanks and his sons were too
enterprising to be content with the hard
work and sraall returns of the life on the
rather rough farm. The new settlements of
Verraont attracted thera, and in May, 18 15,
he sold his property in Brimfield, purchased
the falls of Sleeper's river, in what is now
the southwest part of the viUage of St.
Johnsbury, and moved his family into a

130

FAIRBANKS.

FAIRBANKS.

litde cabin of rough boards there, in which
they lived two and one-half years, as pio
neers live.
He and his son Thaddeus worked to
gether, and being skilled mechanics, built a
dam upon the streara, which, coming from
the then wooded country, was of some size,
and erected and operated a sawmill and a
gristmUl where the Fairbanks scale factory
has grown up. Meeting thus the necessities
of the new country they began to prosper.
In a shop over the gristmill they also made
carriages, doing so good work that in 1892
an old gentleman drove into St. Johnsbury
with a wagon which he said had been used
every year since his father purchased it of
Thaddeus Fairbanks in 18 19. In the suraraer
of 18 18 Thaddeus built a two-story double
house in which his parents lived the rest of
their life, and to which he, marrying in Jan
uary, 1820, brought his wife, and lived there
until 1838. The work of the mills and the
shops increased, and for ten years he
boarded frora three to seven raen, as the
exigencies of that work required.
The maternal uncles of Thaddeus Fair
banks were iron workers, the newly opened
iron mine at Franconia, N. H., attracted
his attention, and in 1823 he started a small
iron foundry, and was joined in 1824 by his
brother Erastus, who gave up his store in
Barnet, the elder uniting his business expe
rience with the mechanical and practical
skUl of the younger, as they formed the
firm of E. & T. Fairbanks. Besides some
job work they made, cooking and parlor
stoves, patenting one which sold well. Thad
deus also patented a cast iron plough, an
unheard of thing, which the farmers said
would " break all to pieces " but which, as
made by the inventor, soon displaced the
wooden ones with steel point, the only kind
before known. For stoves and ploughs,
Thaddeus raade not only the plans, but also
the patterns with his own hands, raoulding
many of thera and attending to the melting,
improving the blast furnace, and overcom
ing the faults that appeared in weak or
porous castings. What he learned by this
experience of making strong iron was in
valuable to hira in all the later business.
In 1829 and 1830 the attention of the
farmers of New England was directed to
the raising of hemp, and machines for
dressing it were required. E. & T. Fair
banks built three of the immense Haynes
raachines, thirty-two feet long, and each
having one hundred and thirty fluted rolls
arranged in pairs and geared together so
that the hemp stalks were crushed between
them as they were drawn from one end to
the other of the machine. Mr. Fairbanks
made the gear wheels, a machine for fluting
the rollers, and parts that required skiUed

work, besides planning and superintending
the buUding of the new shop and store
rooms, and patenting an improved hemp
dresser. He was also made manager of the
St. Johnsbury Hemp Co.
His duties as manager, purchasing hemp
by weight, developed a necessity, which
with such a man as he must prove the mother
of invention. That which cost from ten to
fifteen dollars per ton raust be accurately
weighed. The only weighing machine for
carts then known consisted of a stick of
timber suspended high in the air, from one
end of which two chains hung down with
rings at the ends which could be slipped
over the ends of the axle, while from the
other end of the timber lever hung a plat
form upon which weights were pUed until
the cart swung clear of the ground. The
first device of Mr. Fairbanks consisted of a
platforra upon which a cart could be driven,
resting and balanced upon a long knife-
edge, or upon two in line, fixed upon a
triangular lever, of which the apex hung by
a steel-yard rod frora a beam pivoted and
graduated like the old Roman steel-yard,
while the base rested upon proper bearings
at the other end of the scale. To keep the
platform balanced upon the supporting knife
edges, a stifif post was fraraed into it, from
the top of which level chains extended to
posts set in the ground on either side which
being level neither lessened nor increased
the load resting upon the lever under the
platforra. The scale which Mr. Fairbanks built upon
this plan to weigh hemp worked so well that
his brother thought that some might be sold
as town scales, and an agent was to take the
early morning stage and make the attempt.
Mr. Fairbanks says : "While sitting up watch
ing for the time to call him, the principle
upon which we now build our scales sud
denly carae to my mind. I told the agent
that he must wait a few days until I could
make plans and patterns in accordance with
ray new discovery, and said to my wife that
I had just discovered a principle that would
be worth more than a thousand dollars.'
If such an arrangement of compound levers
had ever been suggested before Mr. Fair
banks did not know it, for it had not been
put into practical use, and he obtained a
patent for it early in 1831, as his invention.
His was the first real improvement upon the
scales buried in the destruction of Pompeii.
The first hay scale was rude, having wooden
levers with cast iron bearings, but it was
vastly better than anything before made,
and in a few weeks several were sold.
Mr. Fairbanks at once saw that the com
bination of levers in the hay-scale, in which
the four pivots upon which the platform
rested should all stand in the same relation

)j\j\joJyJ^>-~K_j^jKj), ''^M.x^./OcH.^^yvJVv/b

132

FAIRBANKS.

FAIRBANKS.

of leverage to the indicating beam from
which these levers hang, would be equally
adapted to scales of other sizes for other
uses. He at once set about making plans
and patterns with his own hands for store
scales. These and the counter scales, as
well as the railway and canal boat scales
which he designed later were new articles of
manufacture, and everything about them
must be originated. He says : " I had to
consider the strength of material, the shape
that would secure the greatest strength with
the least material, and the syraraetry and
beauty of outside appearance. These, es
peciaUy the last, required a great araount of
study. No one can be sure beforehand
what the taste of the public wiU approve.
That I succeeded in what I airaed at is
shown by the fact that now after the lapse of
fifty years the scales are raade after the
same design and aU other makers follow the
same. My evenings and soraetiraes nights
were spent in this study, for I must be at
the shop all day. My habit was to make
the plans complete in my mind before com
raencing to put them upon paper."
The scale was a comparatively simple in
vention, but raany of the machines invented
by Mr. Fairbanks for facilitating the man
ufacture were exceedingly ingenious, one for
engraving the sides of the scale-beams being
capable of so raany adjustraents that the old
foreman used to say that it could do every
thing but talk. Invention was not laborious
— to see a result desirable was to devise a
mechanism for accomplishing it. The real
struggle was with poverty, and unskilled
help and with iU-health. The deraands of
the business growing so rapidly could not
be raet from its earnings, and he raade
scales for fifteen years with only the rude
tools which he fitted up hiraself, and for
fifteen raore bought only a little machinery.
Trained mechanics could not be hired in
the country, and he had only such assistants
as he could educate himself. No business
was ever carried on at greater disadvantage,
or by its success attested raore manly quali
ties in its manager.
The invention of the scale met at once a
great want, and gradually changed so en
tirely the methods of doing business, that
now it is as essential as the steara engine or
the telegraph. Alraost nothing is measured
or counted, everything is weighed, from the
minute prescription of sorae potent drug to
the loaded freight train or canal boat. And
Mr. Fairbanks lived to see scales de
raanded for such a variety of uses that some
five hundred modifications were sent out
frora St. Johnsbury. The scale has become
a most potent factor in modern civUized
life, the arbiter between buyer and seUer,
and by its accuracy is always teaching ex

actness in business raethods, and enforcing
strict integrity in business transactions.
His invention was a scale, not a pair of
scales. It takes its narae from the graduated
beam, the scale of equal parts (scala, lad
der) , and not from the two scales (shells) of
the even balance.
Mr. Fairbanks obtained early an English
patent, and others later. The first was sold
to H. Pooley of Liverpool, who thereupon
established what is still the leading manu
factory of Great Britain. The scales made
at St. Johnsbury are also sold in England,
and to other countries the export is very
large. These scales are graduated accord
ing to the standards of all the nations of the
world, and are sent everywhere, Russia,
Japan, China, Australia and the South
American states furnishing large markets.
These scales and their inventor have re
ceived abundant recognition and honors,
awards, diplomas, medals, frora mechanics'
and agricultural fairs, the Philadelphia Cen
tennial, the London, Paris and Vienna Ex
positions, and as a posthumous tribute to
Mr. Fairbanks, as well as an honor to the
house which he established, twenty awards
by the judges of the Colum'bian Exposition
of 1893. More personal than these, after
the Vienna Exposition he received from his
"Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty"
the Emperor of Austria, the knightly decora
tion of the Imperial Order of Francis
Joseph ; from the King of Siam the decoration
Paspamula, the gold raedal of Siam, with the
heathen prayer, " May the Power which is
mighty in the universe keep him and guard
him, and grant him all happiness and pros
perity ;" and from Mohararaed es Sadok,
Pasha, Bey of Tunis, the decoration " of our
Order of Iftikar," and the Mohammedan
invocation, " May you wear it in peace and
prosperity." Mr. Fairbanks was not only a scale maker,
but having occasion to build so much he be
came an architect of no raean ability, work
ing out the details, frora frame to finish, not
only of shops, but of some public buddings,
some fine residences, and a great many
most convenient little houses, sold or leased
to workmen, which are a comfort to their
families and an ornament to St. Johnsbury.
And his inventions were not merely of
scales, for which, and raachines for making
thera, he received thirty-two patents, but he
patented also a herap machine, a stove, a
cast iron plough, a device for creating
draught in chimneys, a steam heater, a
steam water heater, a feed water heater, and
an iraproveraent in refrigerators. This last
consisted in placing the ice above the level
of the articles to be cooled, and the princi
ple has been universally adopted for refrig
erators, fruit houses, raeat packing houses,

FAIRBANKS.

FARM AN.

133

etc. The moisture is condensed upon the
ice, with aU tainted vapors, and the cooled
dry air flows down upon the articles below.
Mr. Fairbanks could not go into new busi
ness, and gave away his patent, which its
new owners later told him was worth at
least a raillion of dollars. A rival company
attempted to cover the claims of this into a
patent of their own by reissue, and to
establish a monopoly. The battles that
followed were among the hardest fought of
patent litigation, and the final decision
established the priority of his invention, the
judge saying : "In this case the evidence is
perfectly conclusive of the construction,
both in 1846 and 1849, by Thaddeus Fair
banks of refrigerators embodying the prin
ciple." In all refrigerating apparatus, as in
the plough and the scale, Mr. Fairbanks' in
vention proved a revolutionary improve
ment. Perhaps it was owing to his own sense of
loss by deficiency of education that Mr.
Fairbanks was led to such intense interest in
giving educational advantages to others.
As a young man we find him interested in a
lyceum, with his employes and others, and
his lectures upon astronomy and heat pre
pared for that audience indicate vigorous
and original thought. St. Johnsbury had
various private high schools before its acad
eray, and he and his noble wife were seldom
without nephews, nieces or others in the
family enjoying these advantages. He and
his brothers established St. Johnsbury Acad
emy in 1842, and twenty years later he un
dertook its support, and still later erected
its buildings, and contributed to its endow
ment fund enough to make his total gifts to
it over two hundred thousand dollars. He
also contributed largely to the funds of
Middlebury College of which he was a trus
tee, and was a constant giver to many
western coUeges and other institutions. He
was likewise for many years the largest con
tributor to home missionary work in Ver
mont, and equally large to foreign missions,
whUe all the societies that naturally ap
pealed to him received liberal regular dona
tions, frora him, and scores of students were
aided by him.
Mr. Fairbanks, while exceedingly taciturn,
was an attractive, impressive raan. Active
to the last, in spite of limitations frora par
tial blindness, he was interested in every
thing, and his last patent was allowed upon
his ninetieth birthday. His was a beautiful
old age. ChUdren loved him, and clung to
him. A little child taken to church for the
first time saw him corae in, and in an awed
whisper asked, "Mamraa, is that Jesus?"
He died after a painful Ulness, frora the
indirect effect of a fall, at the age of ninety
years and three months. On the day of his

funeral all business in St. Johnsbury was
suspended, buUdings were draped in mourn
ing, and great numbers came to look once
more on his face, and joined the procession
to the grave. A man of Christian faith, of
spiritual insight and force, and of fine native
gifts, Mr. Fairbanks was successful above
most men in his chosen lines of work, and
was useful wherever he was successful.
He was married, Jan. 17, 1820, to Lucy
P. Barker, a native of St. Johnsbury, whose
father Barnabas, carae with his father and
the first settlers of the town, and in 1791
brought his bride, Ruth Peck, from Reho
both on a piUion behind him. Mrs. Fair
banks was a woman of marked ability, taking
her full share of the care of the faraily, and
fuU of kindly deeds. Her son. Rev. Henry
Fairbanks, Ph. D., is spoken of elsewhere in
this work. Her daughter, Charlotte, became
the wife of Rev. G. N. Webber, D. D.,
pastor at Hartford, Conn., professor in Mid
dlebury CoUege, and pastor at Troy, N. Y.,
and died March 29, 1869. Mrs. Fairbanks
was born April 29, 1798, and died Dec. 29,
1866.
FARMAN, Marcellus Winslow, of
Westfield, son of Ashley and Harriet (Wins
low) Farraan, was born in Westfield, July
29, 1865. He is ninth in lineal descent
from Kenelm, brother of Gov. Edward
Winslow. Until fifteen years of age he attended the
public schools of Westfield, and then for a
short time pursued his studies at the Nor
mal School at Johnson. For several years
his sight had been faiUng gradually owing to
an internal affection of the eyes, aggravated
by excessive use, and his affection developed
until it terminated in the loss of physical
vision. This was an especial affliction, as
from early boyhood he had evinced strong
literary tastes, but undaunted by what to
many would have proved an insurmountable
obstacle, he again attended the Johnson
Norraal School, receiving his instruction
through the raediura of a reader. In 1887
he entered the University of Verraont, tak
ing a special course to fit himself for a pub
lic speaker, and notwithstanding the disad
vantage under which he labored he attained
high rank in both school and coUege. His
first lecture was delivered in the spring of
1890 before the Burlington Y. M. C. A. and
was attended and received with unqualified
approbation by the president of the LIni
versity, members of the faculty and the
leading men in the city. His lectures cover
political, historical and religious subjects
and have received most complimentary en
dorsement from raany sources.
Mr. Farman has met with raarked success
as a popular and powerful speaker, and in

134

FAULKNER.

FARNHAM.

the campaign of 1892 was eraployed by the
state Republican committee in this capacity.
For several years he has been an occasional
contributor to the press.

MARCELLUS WINSLOW FARMAN.
From early manhood he has been an
active and consistent member of the Con
gregational church, has served on its com
mittee and was formerly a member of the
choir. He is also an efficient worker in the
Y. P. S. C. E.
FAULKNER, SHEPHERD D., of Whit
ingham, son of Williara and Hannah (Dal-
rymple) Faulkner, was born in Whitingham,
March 9, 181 8.
Mr. Faulkner belongs to a faraily promi
nently connected with the history of Whit
ingham, his father being one of its early set
tlers. After such an education as the com
raon schools of the time aff'orded he desired
to devote the energy of his life to farming,
in which occupation by his constant labor
and careful manageraent he has amassed a
considerable fortune. Recently he has not
engaged in any active occupation but has
lived a retired life at JacksonvUle or with his
son WUliam A. Faulkner at Brookline, Mass.
In the days of the whig party Mr. Faulk
ner was one of its merabers, but has been
and is now a staunch Republican. He was
first selectman at the tirae of the draft to
fill the town quota in the days of the civil
war and has ever been one of the substan
tial citizens in the comraunity, holding many
ofifices of honor and trust.

Mr. Faulkner was ' united in marriage
Nov. II, 1845, at Whitingham, to Miranda,
daughter of Alfred and Clarissa (Smith)
Greene. There were two chUdren : William
A., and Eraraa M. (Mrs. Henry Holbrook of
Whitinghara), deceased.
Mr. Faulkner was one of the early found
ers of the Universalist Society in Jackson
vUle, is a firra believer in its doctrine and a
liberal supporter of religious and charitable
organizations. FARNHAM, ROSWELL, of Bradford, son
of Roswell and Nancy (Bixby) Farnham
was born in Boston, Mass., July 23, 1827.
Governor Farnham is of the eighth genera
tion in line of direct descent from Ralph
Farnham, who emigrated from England to
America and settled in Andover, Mass. His
maternal grandfather, Capt. David Bixby,
was a distinguished soldier in the Revolution,
and was present in the actions at Lexington
and Bunker HiU, afterwards doing excellent
service in Rhode Island ; he was also at the
battle of Stillwater, and later went to sea on
board a privateer, and returned home in pos
session of considerable prize-money at the
end of his first cruise. The second venture
was not so fortunate. His vessel was cap
tured by a British frigate, when but a short
distance out of port. He, himself, was con
veyed to England, lodged in Dartmoor
prison, and there, in coraraon with other
American captives, suffered great privations
for seventeen months. The father of Ros
well Farnham was in business on Court street,
Boston. He reraoved to Haverhill, Mass.,
where he began the manufacture of boots and
shoes for the southern market. In 1839, the
great financial deluge which swept so many
fortunes away, ruined hira. In 1840, Roswell
Farnham, Sr., removed his family to Brad
ford. There he purchased a farm on the
Connecticut river, upon which he resided
until within two years of his death, on the
20th of Deceraber, i860.
The subject of this sketch prepared for
college in the acaderay at Bradford, and
while thus engaged assisted in the cultivation
of his father's farm. Lacking the means
requisite to enter coUege when fully pre
pared, he pursued the studies of the fresh
man and sophomore classes at the same
acaderay, and in Septeraber, 1847, he joined
the junior class at the University of Verraont,
from which he graduated in August, 1849,
and received the degree of A. M. in 1852.
Immediately after graduation he entered
upon active duty as a teacher at Dunham,
Lower Canada, now Province of Quebec.
From Dunham, Mr. Farnham removed to
Franklin, Vt., where he took charge of the
FrankUn Academical Institution, and later
he taught the Bradford Academy in this state.

136

FARNHAM.

FARRELL.

. But he did not intend to devote his life to
the profession of teaching, and therefore re
linquished the charge of the seminary. Dur
ing this period he found leisure for the study
of law, and made such progress that he was
admitted to practice at the Orange county
bar in January, 1857.
Mr. Farnham's professional career began
as the partner of Robert McK. Ormsby. In
1859 he commenced practice independently,
soon acquired a remunerative business, and
had the satisfaction of witnessing its gradual
increase. During the same year he was
elected state's attorney for Orange county by
the Republican party, and was subsequently
re-elected twice by the same organization.
As second lieutenant of the Bradford
Guards, Mr. Farnham accompanied the first
regiment of the Vermont Volunteers to the
scene of action, and was stationed for the
greater part of its three months service at
Fortress Monroe and at Newport News, Va.
When the 12th Y't. Vol. Regt. was formed
out of the mihtia companies of the state the
Governor detailed the Bradford Guards as
one of the companies of that organization.
Lieutenant Farnham was elected their cap
tain, but before the regiraent carae to Brat
tieboro, its place of rendezvous. Captain
Farnham was appointed and commissioned
as lieutenant-colonel. For nearly half of the
terra of his new service, he was in coraraand
of the regiment, the colonel being in cora
raand of the brigade. At the expiration of the
second term of service Lieutenant-Colonel
Farnham returned to the practice of law
in Bradford, where he has since resided.
Shortly after, he was the Repubhcan candi
date for representative of the town, but was
defeated by a Democratic raajority. In 1868
and 1 869 he was elected by the RepubUcans
to the state Senate, and served creditably in
that body throughout both terras. He was
chairman of three iraportant committees and
a member of two others. In 1876 he was a
delegate to the national Republican con
vention which nominated Gen. R. B. Hayes
for the presidency. He was also one of the
presidential electors in the same year, and
for three years was a member of the State
Board of Education. He is, and has been,
one of the elective trustees of the University
of Vermont and State Agricultural CoUege.
In 1880 Colonel Farnham was nominated as
candidate for the chief magistracy of Ver
mont, and was elected by a majority of 25,-
012 votes. The number of pohtical sup
porters indicated by the ballot was larger
than any previous candidate had enjoyed.
His two years of ofifice as Governor were
extreraely busy ones, yet he attended faith
fully and efificiently to the duties of his posi
tion, and that to the neglect of his personal
affairs. His administration was as grateful

and profitable to the people as it was hon
orable to himself.
In rehgious matters he is, as might be an
ticipated from what has been said of his
ancestry and education, a member of the
Congregational church.
Governor Farnham was married on the
25th of December, 1849, to Mary Elizabeth,
eldest daughter of Captain Ezekieland Nancy
(Rogers) Johnson of Bradford. Three living
children are the fruit of their union : Charles
Cyrus, Florence Mary, and William Mills.
FARRELL, PATRICK JOSEPH, of New.
port, son of James and Rose Ann Theresa
(Hart) FarreU, was born in Stanstead, P. Q.,
May 10, 1861.
His education was derived from the
WeUs River and Newport Academies but he
mainly relied on his own efforts by private
study to make himself a scholar. Soon
after his birth, his father removed to New
bury and afterwards to Newport. In his
early youth Patrick worked upon a farm and
assisted his father in handling bark, and
eraployed his evenings in studying the art
of telegraphy. In the spring of 1880 he
entered the eraploy of the Conn. & Pass.
R. R., at Newport as billing clerk, and a few
months after was transferred to Lyndon
ville as train dispatcher, then was eraployed
at Stanstead and Derby Line as station
agent, and conductor of passenger trains
running from the forraer town to Newport.
By the death of his father, he was compelled
to resign this position and give his attention
to the business afifairs of the former, suc
ceeding hira as agent for a Boston firm who
dealt in hemlock bark.
He now turned his attention to the legal
profession and in 1884 began studying law
whh Crane & Alfred at Newport, then
entered the ofifice of C. A. Prouty, and was
admitted to the bar in October, 1887. He
was appointed a postal clerk the same year,
his route extending from Newport to Spring
field, Mass., and soon after he was promoted
to the position of chief clerk with his head
quarters at Boston, having charge of the
largest division in New England. He re
signed in 1889 and returning to Newport,
formed a copartnership with C. A. Prouty in
the law business which lasted nearly two
years, when the Orleans Trust Co. was or
ganized and Mr. Farrell was raade its treas
urer, which position he stiU retains and has
also charge of the legal affairs of the bank.
Mr. Farrell has held several public offices
in his town and village, and was, during
three years, chairman of the board of trus
tees of said viUage. He is a strong Demo
crat, having served several years on the
Democratic town committee, and is now a
raember of the Democratic state committee.

137

In 1890 he was his party's candidate for the
office of state's attorney in Orleans county
and in 1892 was one of the Democratic
candidates for Vermont presidential electors
and was an earnest and effective speaker in
the political campaign of that year.
He was married August g, 1883, to Sarah
M., daughter of Patrick and Johanna M.
Brady of Newport. Their children are :
Mary Agnes, Helen Isabel, Charles Henry,
and Charlotte Claire.
Mr. Farrell is emphatically a self-made
man and one of the brightest young attor
neys in the state. He owes his success
alraost entirely to his own unaided efforts to
advance, and deserves the highest credit for
his energy and perseverance. He has not
buried a single talent in the ground, but has
used every honorable raeans to acquire his
present enviable position, which now pre
sents to hira the flattering hope of a stiU
raore prosperous future. He is a raember
of the Roman Catholic church.

FIELD, Henry Francis, of Rutland,
son of WiUiam M. and Minerva (Daven
port) Field, was born in Brandon, Oct. 8,
1843. His ancestors originated in Con
necticut and were descended from Z echariah
Field, who settled in Hartford in 1639.
The education of Mr. Field was obtained
in public and private schools and at the
serainary in Brandon. At the age of seven
teen he entered the Brandon Bank as a
clerk, remaining there for something more
than a year and until, in March, 1862, he
removed to Rutland to take a position in the
ofifice of John B. Page, then the treasurer of
the state. In 1864 he received the appoint
ment of teller in the Bank of Rutland, soon
after reorganized or converted into a national
bank, and three years later was elected to
the cashiership of the Rutland County Na
tional Bank, which position he has held for
the past twenty-six years and stiU retains.
He has also been for many years a director
of the same institution.

FIELD, Frederic Griswold, of
Springfield, son of Abner and Louisa (Gris
wold) Field, was born in Springfield, Jan. i,
1842. His father, Abner, was the first post
master of North Springfleld, several times
represented the town, and was twice elected
to the state Senate. He was an influential
man in his day and much respected for his
probity, energy and decision of character.
Mr. F. G. Field passed through the usual
course of the comraon schools and attended
the Springfield Wesleyan Serainary several
years. Shortly after his raajority he deter
rained to follow the raercantUe profession
and with this view in 1864 opened a store
for general trade in North Springfield. With
the exception of two years he has been suc
cessfully engaged in business there. He is
also an extensive owner of real estate and to
sorae extent is engaged in farming.
As a RepubUcan he has been chosen to fiU
various town ofifices, was representative to
the Legislature from Springfield in i87o-'72,
and elected senator in 1880. He was com
missioner for Windsor county in 1890, and
in 1 89 1 was appointed inspector of finance
to fiU the vacancy occasioned by the death
of Hon. L. O. Greene of Woodstock.
He was married July 2, 1872, to Anna M.,
daughter of Addison and Florella Tarbell of
Cavendish. They have two children : Fred
T., and Bertha I.
The counsel and advice of Mr. Field are
highly esteemed in financial and business
matters and he does a large amount of con
veyancing, besides settUng many estates in
North Springfield and vicinity. He is as
sound a business man as his brother Wal
bridge, the present chief justice of the
Massachusetts Supreme Court, is lawyer.

-- tsm^xsKsj-eiiiim*.'.';."

HENRY FRANCIS FIELD.

He is a member and the senior deacon of
the Rutland Congregational Church, and for
a quarter of a century has been connected
with the Sabbath school of the church as
superintendent or assistant.
Mr. Field raarried, June 21, 1865, Annie
Louisa, daughter of John Howe of Brandon,
who was the founder of the corporation
known as the Howe Scale Co., first organ
ized and established in Brandon and after
wards reraoved to Rutland. The children of

138

FISH.

FISK.

this union are two sons : John Howe, and
^^'iUiam Henry.
Mr. Field's ofificial career commenced as
town treasurer, which ofifice he held for ten
years. He was also, meanwhile, treasurer of
the viUage, and of the graded school district
of Rutland for several years, and has been
treasurer of the county since 1877. He
served as assistant doorkeeper of the Senate
in 1858 and 1859 and was deputy secretary
of state in 1861. He is a Republican in
poUtics, and was chosen a senator frora Rut
land county in 1884, when he was chairman
of the committee on banks, and in 1888 he
represented Rutland in the House, where he
was also chairman of the committee on
banks, and served at both sessions on other
important committees. In 1890 he was
elected State Treasurer and re-elected to the
same ofifice in 1892.
FISH, Frank Leslie, of Vergennes,
son of Frederick A. and Sarah M. (Gates)
Fish, was born at Newfane, Sept. 17, 1863.
He was educated at Leland and Gray
Seminary, and at the Verraont Acaderay,
graduating from the latter in 1886. At this

FRANK LESLIE FISh'
school he took a leading part in the rhetori
cal and literary exercises, aiding in establish
ing and being the first editor of the Ver
mont Academy Life, a successful school
periodical. After completing his academic
course he taught several terms in the district
schools. WhUe engaged as principal of the
graded school at South Londonderry he

coramenced the study of law with A. E.
Cudworth. After further study with Milon
Davidson of Newfane, he entered the office
of Hon. James M. Tyler at Brattieboro, re
maining with hira until Mr. Tyler's acces
sion to the suprerae court, when he entered
the ofiice of Judge Levant M. Reed of
Bellows Falls, continuing his law studies
and acting as register of probate for the
District of Westrainster. When at this place
he edited the local colurans of the Bellows
Falls Times. He was admitted to the bar
at the general term of the Supreme Court,
October, 1889. In January following he
opened an ofifice at Vergennes, where he
now resides.
Though but thirty years of age he has
established a reputation as a successful law
yer ; was elected state's attorney of Addison
county in 1892; is city collector of taxes;
was chosen superintendent of schools for Ver
gennes in 1892, and now holds that position.
Mr. Fish was raarried March 15, 1892, to
Minnie J., daughter of Chauncey and Emer-
etta (Hopkins) Lyon of Waterbury.
FISK, Perrin Batchelder, of Lyn
don, son of Deacon Lyraan and Mary (Spof
ford) Fisk, was born in Waitsfield, July 30,
1837, and from the age of thirteen to
twenty-one labored at his father's trade of
coopering. Strongly determined to obtain
an education, at his majority he entered
Barre Academy. Having chosen the minis
try as his profession, he took a course in
Bangor (Me.) Theological Seminary, where
he graduated in the class of 1863. Inthe
early part of the war of the rebellion he
served as delegate of the Christian Commis
sion in the Army of the Potomac. The
coffee wagon had been sent to the Christian
Commission at City Point, Va., and not
being appreciated by those in authority, it
had been left to' rust by the wayside. Mr.
Fisk finding it, saw it was a good idea and
got permission to try it. It proved a great
success and is remembered with gratitude
by many a veteran.
Leaving Dracut in 1865, the subsequent
pastorates of Mr. Fisk were in Massachu
setts, Vermont, and Minnesota, and for two
years he acted as the field agent of Carleton
College of the last naraed state. IU-health in
his family deraanded removal to a warmer
climate, therefore he served in the home
missionary field in lUinois and Florida for
about five years. Returning to Vermont, he
supplied at Morrisville and afterwards re
moved to Lyndon, where he now resides and
has under his charge the parishes of Lyndon
and St. Johnsbury Centre.
August 25, 1863, Mr. Fisk was united in
marriage to Miss Harriet L., daughter of
Charies E. and Luana (Carpenter) Bige-

FLAGG.
low. They have four children : Flora F.
(Mrs. G. L. Zimmerman), George Shep
hard, Fidelia, and Grace Harriet.
Mr. Fisk was chaplain of the Vermont
Senate in 1869 and 1870, and inaugurated
the custora of daily legislative prayer raeet
ings. He is a poet of more than local rep
utation and a few of his compositions have
been published in the "Poets and Poetry of
Vermont." FLAGG, George W., of Braintree,
son of Austin and Mary E. (Harwood)
P'lagg, was born in that town, AprU 9, 1839.
Educated in the common schools of Brain
tree and Randolph Academy he reraained
upon his father's farm tUl the age of twenty
and afterwards was a day laborer till the
breaking out of the civil war.

FLAGG.

139

GEORGE W. FLAGG.

In May, i86i, he enlisted at Montpelier
in Co. F, 2d Regt., Vt. Vols., and partici
pated in every engagement in which the old
Vermont brigade bore part from Bull Run
to Appomattox. He was constantly on
duty, but for one month was disabled by a
wound received in the Wilderness. May 3,
1864, his brigade was the first to enter
Petersburgh, when General Grant advanced
on Richmond. Mr. Flagg enlisted as a
private, served four years, participated in
twenty-five battles and was promoted to the
rank of sergeant ; he as such raore than once
commanded his company in the absence of
all the superior ofificers. He was honorably
discharged as ist lieutenant with brevet
captain, July 25, 1865.

He was in coraraand and took horae to
the state the only corapany organized in the
capital of the state during the war.
Soon after the close of the war, he raar
ried and settled upon a farra. He now owns
three hundred and fifty acres in the east por
tion of the town, it being the second best in
tovvn, the production of which he has quad
rupled in twenty-four years. He is a well
known breeder of Cotswold sheep and has re
ceived many medals and prizes for specimens
exhibited at New England state and county
fairs. He also possesses an excellent
orchard, for the fruit of which he finds a
ready market.
Eariy in life he showed great aptitude for
collar and elbow wrestiing and was wont,
even when a boy, to display this accoraplish
raent at public gatherings. He gradually so
increased in skill that he was the acknowl
edged champion of the Army of the Poto
mac. From the age of thirty-five to forty-
eight, he travelled extensively in most of the
northern states, giving exhibitions of his
proficiency, and his only rival was H. M.
Dufur with whom he had raany hard fought
battles. At the age of eighteen he lost his last fall
(for business), for fifteen years he knew no
difference in raen, he could throw any raan
he ever raet in five rainutes. He travelled
through Western New York, where he won
raany raatches, also Ohio. He wrestled in
alraost every town of iraportance in Michi
gan where he defeated the renowned Indian
chief Tipsico at a back hold raatch. In
New England he wrestled for agricultural
societies, one of which was the Verraont
State Fair, also at July 4th gatherings to
thousands of people under great excitement.
In his travels he challenged all coraers for
any araount with perfect confidence.
After each carapaign of travels he returned
to work on his farm, never training for a
match or series of raatches.
During Mr. Flagg's wrestling career he
doubtless wrestled two hundred matches.
Athletic sports had a great fascination for
him. A game that was very popular in his
boyhood days, the champion wrestler being
the lion of the day at all public gatherings.
In all of his matches he always manifested
good cheer towards aU, never losing his
teraper, being strictly honest.
As a teraperance raan none were raore
zealous in the cause than he. In all of his
travels he never tasted liquor ; raaking
speeches in the Legislature in the cause of
teraperance, never tiring in advocating its
cause. Mr. Flagg raarried Delia A., daughter of
Whitman and Elmira (Smith) Howard,
May 16, 1865. By her he has had two
children : Lester G., and Bert C.

140

FLANDERS.

FLETCHER.

As a Republican, Mr. Flagg has been
called upon to serve his town in raany rainor
ofifices, and was elected representative to the
Legislature in 1886.
He received his degrees in Masonry in
Phcenix Lodge of Randolph, and has joined
U. S. Grant Post, No. 96, G. A. R., of West
Randolph, and is its present commander.
Mr. Flagg possesses a marked personality,
is fuUy six feet in height with the figure of a
Hercules ; and with his jovial good nature, his
sturdy strength and endurance, his unflinch
ing courage and unselfish patriotism is the
typical Green Mountain Boy of '76 and '61.
FLANDERS, WILLIAM DANA, of Orange,
son of Royal C. and Hannah B. (WilUams)
Flanders, was born in Orange, June 20,
1850. Royal C. Flanders enUsted as a pri
vate in the 2d Regt. Vt. Infantry, and after
wards in the 9th, and when he returned frora
the war, after more than four years service,
he held the comraission of Ueutenant.

WILLIAM DANA FLANDERS.
Dana attended the comraon schools of
Orange, but his father dying when he was
about sixteen years of age, his efforts to
obtain an education were brought to a ter
mination. Before he was of age, he began
as a laborer in a sawmill, and naturally has
followed the business of lumbering frora that
time. In 1879 he forraed a partnership with
Carlos B. Richardson, which lasted six years,
and since that tirae he has carried on the
business alone, in the summer time giving
sorae attention to farming.

Favoring the principles of the RepubUcan
party, he has been thought worthy to fiU the
usual town offices, and was sent to the Legis
lature from Orange in 1892. Here he served
upon the committee on clairas.
Mr. Flanders was raarried at Barre, July
3, 1878, to Cora B., daughter of Carlos B.
and Sarah (Jackson) Richardson. Four
children are the fruit of their marriage, two
of whom died in infancy; Nettie B. and
Fred C. are stiU living with their parents.
Mr. Inlanders is a Free Mason of more
than twenty years standing, is a member of
Granite Lodge, No. 35, of Barre, and also of
the chapter of that place. Though he com
menced life under many disadvantages, he
has made fuU use of his opportunities, and
bears an exceUent reputation in the com
munity in which he lives.
FLETCHER, HENRY ADDISON,of Proc
torsviUe, son of Ryland and Mary Ann,
(May) Fletcher, was born in Cavendish
Dec. II, 1839.
The name of Fletcher for three genera
tions has been a prominent one in the town
of Cavendish. Dr. Asaph Fletcher was a
member of the convention that framed the
Constitution of Massachusetts. Having
raoved to Cavendish in 1787, he was also a
raeraber of the convention which applied to
Congress for the admission of Vermont
into the Union, was several times elected to
the Legislature and was also a county judge
and presidential elector. Of his family of
nine chUdren the three most distinguished
were : Horace, a prominent Baptist clergy
man ; Richard, a meraber of Congress and
judge of the Suprerae Court ; and Ryland,
who becarae Lieutenant-Governor, and was
the first Republican Governor of the state.
Sketches of both the latter appear in Part I
of this work.
Henry A. Fletcher was mustered into the
U. S. service Oct. 23, 1862, as ist sergeant
of Co. C, 1 6th Regt. Vt. Vols., commanded
by Col. W. G. Veazey, was appointed ser
geant raajor March 9, 1863, and com
missioned 2d lieutenant of Co. C, April 2,
1863. A Republican in his political preferences,
he represented Cavendish in the House in
1867, 1868, 1878, 1880 and 1882 and was a
senator from Windsor county in 1886.
Among his other legislative duties he served
on the committees on banks, raUroads, revis
ion of laws and the general committee. In
1878 he was appointed aid on the staff of
Governor Proctor with the rank of colonel.
In 1890 he was elected Lieutenant-Gover
nor of the state. He is a member of
Howard Post, No. ^3, G. A. R. of Ludlow.
Mr. Fletcher is unmarried and is a farmer
residing on the old homestead, which has

FOOTE.
been owned and occupied by the faraUy for
more than a century. His name is equally
associated with the distinguished memory of
an honored ancestry and his own excellent
record as a citizen and a public man.
FOOTE, Rollin Abram, of Cornwall,
son of Col. Abram and Orpha (WiUiam-
son) Foote, was born in CornwaU, Jan. 9,
1832.

FORBES.

141

ROLLIN ABRAM FOOTE.
He obtained his education in the common
schools of his birthplace, settled upon the farm
which has been in the possession of the Foote
faraily frora the first settlement of the town,
and has continued there pursuing his vocation
tiU the present time. The estate has been
enlarged and improved since it carae into
his hands, and he does not complain of
"hard times" in the present depression in
agriculture. He is one of the substantial
men of the county ; where advice is often
sought, and whose influence is wholly on the
side of good order. In 1879, he formed a
copartnership with his son, Abrara W. Foote,
for the sale of hay and agricultural imple
ments, and has built up a prosperous trade
in that Une ; and he has also raade a spe
cialty of breeding raatched horses.
Mr. Foote has held aU the principal ofifices
in the town of his nativity, among which
may be naraed : Lister eleven years, overseer
of the poor seventeen years, and road com
missioner. He inarried, March i, 1854, Miss Jnha
Arabella Sampson, by whom he has had two

children : Abrara Williara, and Frank Samp
son. FORBES, Charles Spooner, of St.
Albans, son of Abner and Catherine Forbes,
was born at Windsor, August 6, 185 1, and
reraoved to St. Albans in 1863.
The public schools gave hira his preUrai-
nary training, and resolving to becorae a
journalist by profession, he coramenced his
newspaper career on the St. Albans Tran
script at the age of seventeen. He has
been connected with various state papers for
neariy twenty years and since 1879 has been
the Verraont correspondent and state mana
ger of the Boston Journal.
Mr. Forbes cast his first vote for President
Grant and was prorainent in the Carapaign
Club of St. Albans in 1872, and has acted as
secretary and treasurer of the local Republi
can clubs afterward formed. He was secre
tary of the RepubUcan state convention of
1886 ; was a delegate and one of the secre
taries of the national convention of Repub
lican clubs held in New York City in 1887 ;
raade secretary of the Republican League of
Verraont in 1888, and assisted in organizing

CHARLES SPOONER FORBES.
one hundred and fifty campaign clubs. He
was appointed captain and aid-de-camp on
the brigade staff, V. N. G., in 1886 and was
a member of the staff of Governor DiUing
ham, with the rank of colonel.
Colonel Forbes has held many honorable
positions in civil life, among them the secre-

142

FORD.

FOSS.

taryships of the Vermont coramission on
the Washington centennial at New York,
the State Press Association, the Vermont
Society of the Sons of the Araerican Revo
lution, the Vermont Historical Society, the
Vermont League for Good Roads, and the
state comraission to the World's Columbian
Exposition. He was elected president of

the Verraont Press Association in i5

In

Deceraber, 1889, he received the appoint
raent of deputy coUector of internal revenue
for the Verraont Division, which ofifice he
held for four years.
The reUgious views of Colonel Forbes are
EpiscopaUan and he is a raeraber of St.
Luke's Church, St. Albans. He has been a
vestryman, treasurer and parish clerk, and
also a delegate to several diocesan conven
tions of the church. Colonel Forbes was
one of the notification coraraittee appointed
at the special diocesan convention in 1893
to inforra Re-\'. Arthur C. A. HaU of Oxford,
England, of his election to the Vermont
Bishopric.

FOSS, James M., of St. Albans, was
born at Pembroke, N. H., Jan. 6, 1829.
His parents were Jeremiah and - Clarissa
(Moore) Foss.
He was educated at Pembroke Academy,
until his seventeenth year, when he deter
mined to supplement his academic instruc
tion with practical information in a direction
that would fit him for the business life to
which he had resolved to devote himself.
To this end he coramenced an apprentice
ship, November, 1846, in the machine shops
of the Concord Railroad Co., at Concord, N.
H. From 1850 to 1862 Mr. Foss worked as
a machinist and locomotive engineer on the
Boston, Concord & Montreal R. R., acquir-

FORD, Samuel W., of Concord, son
of Robert and Lydia (Hale) Ford, was born
in the town of Grafton, N. H., June 16,
1823. When Samuel had arrived at the age of
six years his father moved to Kirby and in
the public schools of that town he received
his early educational training.
Mr. Ford left home when about seventeen
years old and pursued the vocation of farm
laborer untU the age of thirty. He was an
excellent type of his class of that period now
unfortunately so seldom to be found in our
agricultural communities. Sturdy, intelli
gent and industrious he fought his way
through difficulties and obstacles, until he
was able to raarry and settle upon the fertile
farra that he has occupied ever since, where
he has still continued to manifest the thrift
and perseverance of his early life. He has
been most successful in breeding good grade
Shorthorn stock and Shropshire sheep.
Mr. Ford bears a striking resemblance to
the late ex-President Hayes and also is of
the same political creed. As selectraan he
was raost active and energetic in raising the
town quota of soldiers during the civil war.
The requisition was received Saturday and
on the following Thursday sixteen recruits
were enrolled before sunset. In 1876 he
represented the town of Concord in the
Legislature. Mr. Ford was raarried March 8, 1853, to
Sophronia, daughter of Williara and Polly
Willry. Mrs. Ford has been the mother of
four chUdren . EUery, Helen (Mrs. Williara
Lindsan), Dan, and Alraeda (Mrs. Milo A.
Green).

/

JAMES M. FOSS.
ing a thorough familiarity with the details
and practical knowledge of the construction
and operation of railroad machinery. Dur
ing the last portion of his service, he was in
charge of the shops of the last naraed road.
From 1862 to 1865 he was raaster mechanic
of the Boston & New Y^ork air Une, in
connection with the Back Bay Co. In
March, 1865, he returned to Concord, N.
H., as master mechanic of the Concord
Railroad, where he remained until June,
1868, at which time a larger field for the
employment of his ability in his special line
was afforded hira, and he accepted an offer
for the management of the Vermont Central
Railroad Co., as its master mechanic. In
1873 he was raade superintendent of the
motive power and machinery of the Central

FOSTER.

FOSTER.

143

Vermont systera, which comprised the Ver
mont Central, Verraont & Canada railroads,
the Rutland, and other leased Unes. During
this period the corporation constructed its
own locomotives, some half hundred of which
were turned out under the supervision of
Mr. Foss. His efficiency as a railroad man
was recognized by his promotion in 1879 to
the position of assistant general superinten
dent, which was followed by a further ad
vancement, in 1885, to the office of general
superintendent. This appointment he held
until 1892, when impaired health compeUed
him to resign. But the corporation with
which he had been connected for so many
years was loth to part with his services, and
he remained in its employment in the
capacity of assistant to the president, a posi
tion in which the benefit of his advice and
judgment could be availed of, while he could
be afforded more leisure than was possible
while performing the more active duties of
general superintendent. This position of
assistant to the president he stiU retains after
nearly half a century of active railroad life.
Mr. Foss was raarried, Nov. 15, 1855, to
Ellen A., daughter of John V. and Laura
Barron, who died in April, 1871. For his
second wife he wedded, Sept. 18, 1874, Mrs.
Sophia H. (Chester) Locklin (widow of H.
H. LockUn), daughter of John and Mary
Chester, natives of England and residents
at Dudswell, P. Q. Of this union there is
one son : Jaraes Barron Foss, born August
17, 1876, who, with Hortense H. Locklin,
daughter of Mrs. Foss, constitute the faraily.
He is a beUever in the great industry of
Verraont farraing, and has a large area of
land under cultivation, located on the road
from the village to St. Albans Bay.
His business Ufe has demanded aU his
time, and he has found no opportunity to
mingle actively in politics, but he has always
manifested a loyal allegiance to the princi
ples of the Republican party.
He is a raember of St. Luke's Episcopal
Society, and contributes generously to its
support. Mr. Foss is a raeraber of the sev
eral Masonic bodies, and has attained to the
3 2d degree in that fraternity.
He possesses a genial, social nature, and
enjoys the quiet entertainment of a few
friends at his handsome and hospitable home.
FOSTER, Alonzo M., of Cabot, son
of G. W. and Polly (Kelton) Foster, was
born in Calais, Jan. 30, 1830. His father
was an early settler and when rauch of the
town was an unbroken wilderness he cleared
away the land, built farm buildings, and set
out shade trees. Not content with this
homestead, he busied himseh extensively in
reducing wild lands for other farms in the
neighborhood.

At twenty years of age Alonzo M. Foster
bought one-half of his father's estate on
credit and carried on this property success
fully for sixteen years. In 1866 he came
into possession of a valuable property in
Cabot, known as the "Old Camp Ground,"
or "Lyford Farm," where, although doing
general farraing, he has given his raost ener
getic efforts to the manufacture of maple
sugar, producing frora an orchard of raore
than two thousand trees three to four tons
annually, for which he finds a ready sale
both at home and abroad. The products of
"Maple Grove Sugar Camp" are becoraing
known and appreciated throughout the
country, and while Mr. Foster has for years
led the coluran of Verraont producers, it is
now, though unofficially as yet, learned that
his sugar has received the highest award at
the late World's Fair.
Mr. Foster acted with the Free Soil party
in 1852, but since that time has voted the
Republican ticket, and in 1864 and 1865
was sent as representative of the town of
Calais to the Legislature.
He is a member of the Patrons of Hus
bandry, and was for years Master of Wash
ington Grange of Cabot. Remote from city
life, he has spent a useful and quiet existence
among his native hills, esteemed and re
spected in the community in which fortune
has cast his lot.
Mr. Foster was united in marriage, April
20, 185 1, to Elsie W., daughter of Charles
and Susan (Rich) Dudley of Calais. Their
five children are : Charles D., Harry H., Ina
B., Bernard M., and Linnie D.
FOSTER, Austin Theophilus, of
Derby Line, son of Stephen and Mary
(King) Foster, was born in East Mont
pelier, Sept. 20, 1822.
His education was obtained through the
usual medium of the coraraon schools and
an after course of instruction at the acad
emy in Montpelier.
In the. spring of 1836 he went to Derby
Line and entered the store of Spaulding &
Foster just across the Canadian frontier at
Rock Island, P. Q., as a clerk. In 1841 he
was associated in partnership with Levi
Spaulding and his brother Stephen Foster
under the firm narae of Spaulding, Foster &
Co. In 1851 he also opened a general store
at Derby Line which he continued until
1882. In 1865 he purchased frora the
estate of Charles Pierce the shoe factory at
Rock Island which he still owns. Mr.
Foster has been an active business man for
fifty-two years during which he has resided
continuously at Derby Line, he has generally
met with success in his operations. He was
a director in the People's Bank at Derby
Line from January, 1852, till it was merged

144

FOSTER.

FRANCISCO.

in the national bank of that place of which
he has been a director since its organization
and its president since 1871.
He represented the town of Derby in the
General Assembly in 1862 and 1863, being
elected by the Republican vote, and was
chosen senator frora Orleans county in 1886.
He was appointed U. S. Consular Agent in
1869 at Stanstead, P. Q., and served in that
capacity for fifteen years.
Mr. Foster has also been prorainent in
religious circles, receiving the honor of an
election to the presidency of the Universalist
convention of the state of Vermont and
Province of Quebec in 1882 and has been
called to that office every year since by ac
clamation.

'''-m...*

AUSTIN THEOPHILUS FOSTER.
He was united in marriage in 1848 at
Stanstead, P. Q., to Aurelia, daughter of
Harris and Abigail Way of Rock Island, who
only lived about two years after their raar
riage. In 1853 he raarried Sarah H., daugh
ter of Capt. John and Lydia Gilman. By
her he has four children : Harriet (Mrs. F.
M. Hawes, SomervUle, Mass.), John G.,
Mary J., and Stephen A.
FOSTER, Wells A., of Weston, son of
Jeremiah and Mary (Temple) Foster, was
born at Weston, AprU 8, 1837. _• r.o
He was the youngest of a family of three
chUdren, and his father died when he was
five years old. His education was neces
sarUy limited, and was received in the cora
mon schools. When he arrived at the age

of thirteen, he had the raisfortune to lose his
mother, and frora that tirae never knew the
blessing of a horae tiU he had raade one for
hiraself. He labored upon a farm in the
vicinity tiU he was nineteen, and during the
next seven years was variously employed in
mechanical pursuits, first at Mt. Holly, and
later at Boston. In 1863 he was drafted
into the array, but purchased his release.
Soon after he coraraenced the raanufacture
of ash handles for agricultural tools in com
pany with W. S. Foster, and afterward with
R. B. Jaquith. The firra then began to turn
out chair stuff in the rough, and soon after
began raanufacturing finished chair stock.
Now their increased business requires a
force of forty raen, and their buUdings cover
an area of four acres. In 1889 the firm suf
fered the loss of their entire plant by fire,
but with characteristic energy they immedi
ately rebuilt their works, and are doing the
usual araount of business, turning out a
product of ^40,000 a year.
Mr. Foster is a Republican, and repre
sented Weston in the General Assembly in
18S4 and 1886, serving on the committee
on the grand list.
He was married in Mt. Holly, Dec. 23,
1858, to Lavina L., daughter of Austin L.
and Lois (Siraonds) Benson. Of this union
were two chUdren : Ella (Mrs. Walter M.
Wright, of South Gardner, Mass.), and
Vernie A.
Mr. Foster has settled raany estates and
often acted as guardian and has always con
scientiously and ably discharged the duties
of these trusts. He is a director of Chester
National Bank, and one of the trustees of
the Black River Academy, of Ludlow.
FRANCISCO, M. JUDSON, of Rut
land, was born on the 5th day of August,
1835, at West Haven, and was the third son
of John Francisco who moved to West
Haven in 1795, participated in the war ot
18 1 2, and at the battle of Plattsburgh was
one of the famous Green Mountain Boys.
The subject of this sketch left home when
sixteen years old for Ohio, to enter Oberlin
College. After completing his studies there
he passed several years travelling through
the West and South, visiting all the states
then admitted to the Union. He returned
to Vermont in 1859, returning West again in
October, i860, as principal of the North
western Comraercial College at Fort Wayne,
Indiana. Here he resided during the first
years of the rebellion and took an active
part in raising volunteers for the Union
cause, and in circumventing the schemes of
the " Knights of the Golden Circle."
In 1863 Mr. Francisco raarried Margaret
Holraes, daughter of Israel Holmes of Water
bury, Conn., one of the oldest and best:

¦*¦«-*¦'«

146

FRANCISCO.

FRARY.

known farailies of that state. Mr. Holmes
was directly connected with the founding of
the brass industry in the United States and
established a large number of manufactur
ing concerns in Connecticut, notably among
these being the Holmes, Booth & Hayden
Manufacturing Co. ; the Waterbury Brass
Co. ; the Plume & Atwood Manufacturing
Co. ; the ScovUle Button Co. ; the Water
bury Clock Co., and the Wolcottville Brass
Co. Leaving Fort Wayne in 1864, Mr. Fran
cisco accepted the presidency of the
Pennsylvania College of Trade and Finance,
at Harrisburg, where he organized a large
and flourishing institution, in which many
men now at the head of influential corpora
tions received their first knowledge of cora
mercial principles. After several years of.
close application in the management of the
college, faUing health corapelled hira to re
linquish his position, and he returned to his
native state where he found renewed vigor,
and entered upon that sphere of activity
which was destined to be of wider scope
than that of any preceding years. When
the English fire insurance companies were
negotiating for admission into the United
States Mr. Francisco was promptly tendered
and assumed the general management for
Verraont of the North British and Mercan
tile of Edinburgh and the Liverpool and Lon
don and Globe of London. He was later
made manager of the Verraont, New Harap
shire and Northern New York departments of
several other like companies ; it was while
in the service of these corporations that he
made his memorable argument before the
joint committee of the state Senate and
House of E.epresentatives in opposition to
the so-caUed "valued poUcy" bUl. He has
also the distinction of having written the
largest fire policy ever issued in New Eng
land, the face value being §2, 100,000.
In 1887 he was elected president of the
Rutiand Electric Light Co., and since that
time has devoted the best part of his energy
to furthering the success of his different
electrical ventures. In 1887 he also became
a member of the National Electric Light
Association. At the convention of the latter
organization in Kansas City he was elected
one of the executive committee, holding that
position untU the Providence convention
when he was chosen second vice-president.
At the St. Louis meeting he was elected first
vice-president which place he stUl occupies.
His paper on municipal ownership, read be
fore the convention of the National Associa
tion at Cape May, N. J., requhed two
editions to supply the popular demand.
Shortly after this he appeared before the
joint committee of the Senate and House of
Representatives in Washington with a review

of the Postmaster-General's argument for a
limited postal telegraph, and later stiU re
viewed the subject of municipal ownership
before the Massachusetts Legislature. Since
the publication of his book entitled "Munic
ipal Ownership, Its Fallacy," with other
numerous contributions to various scientific
and literary journals Mr. Francisco has been
acknowledged the best authority of the day
upon this problem.
As a citizen of Rutland he ranks as one of
its foreraost and progressive representatives.
He does not aim at political preferment, but
confines his labors to the interest of his
business life, which fact is evinced by the
careful ahd energetic supervision given the
institutions with which he is associated. He
is the senior partner of M. J. Francisco &
Son ; president of the Rutiand Electric
Light Co. ; vice-president of the National
Electric Light Association ; director of the
Rutland Trust Co. ; member of the Rutland
Board of Trade, the Rutland County Asso
ciation of Underwriters, the American Insti
tute of Electrical Engineers ; a Mason of many
years standing and a stockholder or director
in many other corporations outside the state.
Mr. Francisco has two sons : I. Holmes,
and Don C.
FRARY, Solon Franklin, of South
Strafiford, son of Jonathan and Lydia Col-

SOLON FRANKLIN FRARY.

cord (Blaisdell) Frary, was born in Straf
ford, Jan. 27, 1822. He is lineally de-

FRENCH.

FULLER.

147

scended from John Frary, who came from
England in 1638, and was among the earli
est settlers of the town of Dedham, Mass.
The progenitors of Mr. Frary for three gen
erations are buried in the town of Strafiford.
He received his education in the comraon
schools and Norwich University, and com
menced the active business of life in a coun
try store as clerk with Hon. J. S. Morrill and
Judge Jedediah Harris, at Thetford, where
he remained for three years. He then
returned to Strafford, where he continued to
engage in trade till 1890, when he retired
frora the pursuits of active life.
Deceraber 18, 1854, he was united in
marriage to Adeliza, daughter of Benjamin
and Betsey (Kent) GUman. Their children
are : Gertrude, and Bessie Jane.
Mr. Frary has always been a Republican ;
has held the ofifices of town treasurer, town
agent, justice of the peace, and chairman of
the board of auditors. He was chosen rep
resentative of the town in the Legislature of
1872, and was elected in 1888 from Orange
county to the state Senate. He discharged
the duties of postmaster for twenty-eight
years, has often been made chairman of the
Republican town committee, and was one of
the trustees of Goddard Seminary, being one
of the auditors of their accounts and chair
man of the investment coraraittee. He is
liberal in his religious views, and has been a
generous supporter of aU the societies of his
town.
FRENCH, Warren Converse, of
Woodstock, son of Joseph Wales and Polly
(Converse) French, was born in Randolph,
July 8, 181 9. He was educated at the com
mon schools and the Orange county gram
mar school at Randolph. His father was
the oldest son of Gen. John French, one of
the early settlers of Randolph, who was
brigadier-general of state militia at the time
of the last war with England and raarched
with his brigade to Burlington at the time of
the British invasion in 1 814, Jacob CoUaraer,
then a young lawyer at Randolph, being one
of his aids-de-carap.
He studied law with Tracey & Converse
at Woodstock and was admitted to the bar
of Windsor county court at the May term,
1844, comraencing practice at Sharon, where
he reraained untd 1857. Upon the election
of Hon. Jaraes Barrett to the bench, he was
invited by his uncle, Mr. Converse, to
remove to Woodstock and succeed Judge
Barrett in the firm of Barrett & Converse.
In this firm he remained as a partner till July
I, 1865, when Mr. Converse retired frora the
profession and was succeeded by Mr. WiU
iara E. Johnson. This connection lasted
untU July, 1868, after which for some time
Mr. French continued the practice of his

profession by himself. In July, 1879, he
formed a partnership with his son-in-law,
Frederick C. Southgate, and this arrange
ment still exists. He has been in fuU and
active practice, mostly in Windsor and
Orange counties, from his admission to the
bar, ancl has been engaged in many impor
tant civil and criminal cases.
In pohtics he was a whig until the organ
ization of the Republican party, of which he
has since been a steady adherent. He was
a member of the Constitutional Convention
of 1850 ; the first state's attorney for Wind
sor county elected by the people under the
amended constitution of 1850, and state

WARREN CONVERSE FRENCH.
senator in 1858 and 1859. He represented
Woodstock in 1876 and was the same year a
meraber of the national convention which
norainated Mr. Hayes.
In reUgious beUef he is a Congregational
ist, and was superintendent of the Sunday
school for raany years.
Mr. French raarried, Sept. 19, 1849, at
Sharon, Sarah A., daughter of Hon. William
and Lydia (Gleason) Steele. They have
been blessed with six children : Mary (Mrs.
WiUiara H. Brooks, deceased), Anna (Mrs.
Frederick C. Southgate), LilUe (Mrs. Har
old S. Dana), Warren C, Jr., Williara Steele,
and John.
FULLER, HENRY, of Bloomfield, son of
Henry and T. (Bowker) Fuller, was born in
Maidstone, August 26, 1838.

FULLER.

FULLER.

When two years old his father moved to
Bloomfield, where the subject of this sketch
has since resided. His education was con
fined to such instruction as could be had in
the high schools and in Derby Acaderay.
Farming has been the steady occupation
in the life of Mr. Fuller, though he has given
some attention to teaching. Having frora
his early youth a great desire to travel and
see the world outside the narrow limits of
his home surroundings, he was unable to
indulge this longing till he had arrived at the
years of middle Ufe, but in 1892 he gratified
his cherished wish and spent the greater
part of the year in visiting every portion of
his native land from the Atlantic to the
Pacific, traveling raore than eight thousand
railes to effect his purpose.
The grandfather of Mr. Fuller, with his
brother, carae to Minehead, now Bloomfield,
in or about 1800. He raised a family of
ten children, nine of whora lived to the age
of eighty years.
Mr. Fuller has been a Ufelong Democrat,
though in his latter days he has had a ten
dency toward Prohibition. He has been
constable, collector, selectraan, and town
clerk for thirteen years, and has held other
rainor ofifices.
At the age of seventeen he joined the
M. E. Church, and during his whole life has
earnestly labored in the cause. Devoting
himself to the welfare of the parish and Sab
bath school, he has been steward for many
years, and served on various church com
mittees. He raarried. May 31, 1864, Miss Nettie
W. Colby of Whitefield, N. H., which union
was blessed with two sons : Henry Clarence
(died Oct. 9, 1867), and Asa C, now a
preacher in the M. E. Church. Mrs. FuUer
died Jan. 15, 1868. For his second help
meet Mr. FuUer took to wife Miss May L.,
daughter of Mary and Nathan M. Johnson,
of Bloomfield. By her he has had two chil
dren : Earle W'., and Maude M.
FULLER, LEVI K., of Brattleboro, son
of Washington and Lucinda (Constantine)
FuUer, was born in Westmoreland, N. H.,
Feb. 24, 1841.
His parents were of English and German
stock, and his ancestors on both sides served
in the Revolutionary war. He removed to
Windham county in 1845 'with his parents,
and began his active career at the age of
thirteen by learning telegraphy and also the
art of printing. At sixteen, having devel
oped an aptitude for mechanics, he won a
premium for a steara engine improvement at
the Windham County AgriciUtural Society's
fair. Going to Boston, he served an ap
prenticeship as a raachinist, acting for a time
as night telegraph operator at the Merchants'

Exchange. During a great portion of his
residence in Boston he also took a scientific
course at the evening schools. Returning to
Brattleboro in i860, he entered the Estey
works as machinist and mechanical engineer
and later established a shop of his own,
where he manufactured wood-working and
other machinery with success.
In April, 1866, he entered with CoL J. J.
Estey the firm of J. Estey & Co. (now the
Estey Organ Co.), superintending the man
ufacturing department, and for twenty years
has been vice-president of the company.
He has been a most indefatigable inven
tor, his name appearing in the Patent Office
at Washington as the author of a hundred
different inventions, many of great value.
His success in aiding in estabhshing large
European agencies for the corapany, and his
many trips abroad in its interest, have won
for him recognition on both sides of the
Atlantic as a liberal and inteUigent man of
business. On his trip in 1873 he was ten
dered by President Grant the appointment
of commissioner to the Vienna Exposition,
which he was obliged to decline on account
of the press of private business. The
musical trade of two continents acknowledge
his success as a factor in elevating the great
corporation to its present high position.
His last achievement in securing the adop
tion of what is termed in the musical world
"international pitch" for musical instru
raents, now officially adopted by aU man
ufacturers in this country, has been termed
by Mr. Steinway "one of the raost impor
tant, perhaps the raost iraportant, in the
annals of musical history." '
He is an active raember of the American
Society for the Advanceraent of Science, and
of the American Society of Mechanical En
gineers. He is also interested in astronomy,
has an observatory of his own attached, to
his private residence and the finest equa
torial telescope in Vermont. His library
also of scientific and technical works is one
of the raost coraplete in the state.
Organizing the Fuller Light Battery, V. N.
G., as an independent company in 1874, he
has continuously served therewith since,
bringing it to a degree of perfection univer
sally commended by aU regular army in
spectors as second to no military organiza
tion in the country, adding greatiy to the
reputation of the Vermont militia. He was
brevetted colonel in 1887 for long and mer
itorious service. He also served as aid on
the staff of Governor Converse.
Mr. Fuller's private business, however, has
not prevented him from participating act
ively in public affairs, both local and state.
He has held iraportant town and village
ofifices, is a trustee of the Brattieboro Sav
ings Bank and the Brattieboro Free Library.

ISO

FULLER.

FULLER.

In 1880 he was elected to the state Sen
ate, taking an active part in the important
legislation of that session, including what
was then know as the "new tax law," a meas
ure tending to equaUze the burden of taxa
tion and raost satisfactory to the people. As
a member of the Senate he served as chair
man of the committee on finance, upon the
committee on railitary affairs, and that on
railroads. In 1886 he was elected Lieuten
ant-Governor, filling that position with credit
to hiraself and honor to the state, proving
hiraself one of the best presiding ofificers
whose services the Senate has had the good
fortune to enjoy.
Early in life he becarae connected with
the Baptist denomination, and has always had
an active interest in the success of the
church of his choice. His gifts, however,
have never been confined to that faith, but
his Uberality to aU denominations is proverb
ial. His interest in educational matters is
weU known, one of the most important evi
dences of which is the Verraont Academy at
Saxton's River, to which he has largely given
both his time and money, and this institu
tion, under his raanageraent as president of
the board of trustees, has taken a high rank
throughout New England.
He has always been specially interested in
agriculture and the developraent of that
branch of Vermont's industries. His pur
chase of a farra and the presentation of the
same to the Vermont Academy, his intro
duction of finely bred sheep and other stock,
and the inauguration of new, features in con
nection with practical farm educational
work, has attracted wide attention in the
community. Governor FuUer's fitness for the position
of chief magistrate of his state has long
since been recognized, . and in 1892 his
Republican friends bestowed upon him the
highest honor in their power by nominating
and electing hira to the gubernatorial chair.
Mr. Fuller was raarried. May 8, 1865, to
Abby, daughter of Hon. Jacob and Desde
raona (Wood) Estey.
FULLER, Jonathan Kingsley, of
Barton Landing, son of Sarauel Freeman
and EUzabeth (Kingsley) FuUer, was born
in Montgoraery, May 13, 1848.
Mr. FuUer attended the common, select
and private schools of his native town until
twenty-one years of age. His parents being
Umited in their circumstances, and young
FuUer being soraewhat deUcate in health, he
had to forego the great desire of his heart, a
classical education. In 1870 he entered the
law office of John S. Tupper. Here he gave
hiraself earnestly to the study of law, and
having access not only to a large law Ubrary,
but also to a fine coUection of theological

and historical works, his reading covered a
wide field. During this time also, while
teaching school, he felt moved to enter upon
the work of the ministry. The M. E. Church,
of which he was a member, urged him to
take a license to preach, and, forsaking the
legal profession, he began the course of study
prescri'bed by the church. This was con
tinued for four years, and ordination followed
at St. Johnsbury, April 23, 1873. He was
stationed at Eden in i872-'73, at Richford
in i874-'76. At the close of a very success
ful pastorate in this thriving center, he
handed his resignation to the Vermont Con
ference. Uniting with the Congregational church
at East Berkshire, he immediately received a
hearty call to the parish of that denomina
tion in Bakersfield. Free to control and
direct his own labors his congregations in
creased, while a steady demand was made

JONATHAN KINGSLEY FULLER.
for his sermons and other writings upon the
popular questions of the day. Six of the
twelve years of this pastorate he was super
intendent of schools, aiding in the estabUsh
ment of Brigham Academy. As a testimony
of appreciation of such service, he was, on
¦Dec. 15, 1885, made a life member of the
General Theological Library of Boston.
While at Bakersfield, Mr. FuUer devoted
a Uttie time to farming, in which pursuit he
was highly successful. He was a frequent
lecturer before the State Board of Agricul
ture.

FULLINGTON.

FULTON.

151

PoUtically, Mr. FuUer is an independent
RepubUcan. He has written and lectured
often on such themes as " Civil Service Re
forra," "Political Methods," "Pohtical Re
form," "ReUgious and Political Liberty,"
" Moral Training in Our Schools," "Oppor
tunity ; or, the Uses and Abuses of Wealth."
In 1883, Mr. FuUer was made honorary
raember of the A. B. C. F. M. ; in 1885 he
was instrumental in organizing a Congrega
tional church at East Fairfield; in 1888 he
becarae an orignal member of the Congre
gational Club of Western Verraont. In 1 889
he severed his connection with the church
in Bakersfield, and of the several caUs which
he received, accepted the one frora Barton
Landing, where he now rainisters to a thrifty
church in a flourishing coraraunity.
In 1890 he received under Professor Har-
¦ per the appointraent of examiner in the
American Institute of Sacred Literature. In
1 89 1 he was elected to membership in the
American Acaderay of Pohtical and Social
Science in Philadelphia. In this same year
he was chosen superintendent of schools for
the town of Barton, which ofifice he now
holds ; he is also one of the directors of the
Orleans County Suramer School. In 1892
he was constituted a raeraber of the Orleans
County Historical Society. In this same
year he was sent from the state convention
of Congregational churches as delegate to
the Free Will Baptist yearly raeeting. In
1892 he was unanimously chosen chairman
of the board of school directors for the town
of Barton.
Mr. FuUer was married Sept. 16, 1875, to
Gertrude Florence Smith of Richford. Of
this union there have been born : John
Harold, Hawley Leigh, Raymond Garfield,
and Robert Samuel.
FULLINGTON, FREDERICK H., of
East Cambridge, son of John T. and Sylvia
(Carpenter) P'ulUngton, was born in Cam
bridge, Dec. 9, 1 85 1.
Ephraim P'ulUngton came from Raymond,
N. H., nearly a hundred years ago, and set
tled on the farm which has continued the
property and residence of the family for four
generations. The present possessor of the estate re
ceived his early education in the district
schools of Cambridge, and afterward pur
sued a course of study at the Johnson Nor
mal School. The second of a family of four
sons, he early displayed such energy and
industry that he was the chief reliance of his
father. When he becarae of age he rented
the property, and has conducted it ever
since, at the same time giving his father the
shelter of a home. Dairying and the manu
facture of maple sugar and syrup are his
principal resources. His sugar orchard,

numbering over tvvo thousand trees, is one of
the finest in the state, and has averaged four
pounds to the tree in annual production.
Mr. FuUington was chosen to the Legis
lature of 1888 by the largest Republican
majority given in the town of Cambridge.
He has been selectman and road commis
sioner, and is now school director and school
superintendent. He is a modest man, the
possessor of good common sense, and of
undoubted integrity.

FREDERICK H. FULLINGTON.
He raarried, March 16, 1875, Eraraa,
daughter of James F. and Clara (Davis)
Taylor of Barton, by whora he has had two
children ; Fred Earl, and Stella Blanche.
FULTON, ROBERT REED, late of East
Corinth, son of Robert and AbigaU (Sraith)
Fulton, was born in Newbury, May 20, 1824.
Mr. Fulton's father was born in Scotland
and emigrated to America in 1801. Irarae
diately on his arrival he reraoved to New
bury and there settled. Mr. Fulton's mother
was the daughter of Col. John Smith of
Revolutionary farae, who moved to Newbury
in 1780. Descended from such ancestry,
frora his boyhood days he won the esteera
and confidence of his townsraen. Although
his early life was spent on one of Vermont's
hill farms, Mr. Fulton received what was for
his generation a liberal education, attending
the Thetford and Corinth Academies.
Besides holding the minor ofifices in his
native town, he was chosen its representa
tive in 1867 and 1868. In 1870 he estab-

152

FURMAN.

GALLUP.

lished himself as a merchant in the village of
East Corinth. He was, in 1888, chosen to
represent Corinth in the Legislature and was
also postmaster for many years, which ofifice
he held till the time of his death, Jan. 18,
1893.

ROBERT REED FULTON.
In politics he was a pronounced Republi
can, and in religion a worthy member of the
Congregational church. A raan of generous
irapulses, unassuming, kind and courteous
was Robert Reed Fulton.
He was married to Annie Halley, in
November, 186 1, daughter of James Halley
of Newbury, who survives without issue.
FURMAN, Daniel G., of Swanton, was
the son of Warren S. and Mary A. (Ware)
Furraan, and was born in Elizabethtown, N.
Y., August 22, 1855.

He was indebted to the New Hampton
Institute at Fairfax for his educational train
ing. Mr. Furraan studied law with George
W. Newton of St. Albans and the Hon. H.
A. Burt of Swanton, and was adraitted to the
bar in FrankUn county, Septeraber, 1876.
He practiced two years in Berkshire, after
which he removed to Swanton, where he has
estabUshed a large and successful business.
As a Democrat, he was elected as the rep
resentative of the town of Swanton in 1888,
and was a candidate for the speakership, and
in 1893 was appointed United States Consul
at Stanbridge, P. Q.

DANIEL G. FURMAN.

Mr. Furraan raarried, Sept. 8, 1880, Miss
Elizabeth M., daughter of Hiram and Eliza
beth (Barr) Best. One daughter and a son
blessed their union : Berenice May, and
AVillis B.

GALLUP, O. M., of Victory, son of
Amos and Emoline GaUup, was born in
Wakefield, N. B., March 21, 1838.
His father was a prominent farmer and
business man. Mr. Gallup received a fair
education in the common schools of the
town, and began his career as a driver of
logs. Mr. GaUup had a great natural apti
tude and desire for large operations and
soon coraraenced railroad building. His
first work being the Hopkinton & MUford
R. R., he next buUt the Acton & Nashua

R. R., and then went to Woods River Junc
tion, R. I., and constructed the railroad there
and afterwards the larger portion of the
Kingston & Narragansett road. He soon
came to Vermont and built forty- one miles
of road from the town of Johnson to the
Lake. He then constructed the Profile &
Franconian Notch R. R., opening up this
iraportant summer resort in the White
Mountains. Later he buUt the docks at
Swanton and the Champlain House at
Maquara Bay, at a cost of 128,000.

GALLUP.
His next enterprise was the link connect
ing Bethlehem, N. H., whh the main line
and after this he constructed thirteen miles
of railroad to Maquara Bay and Rouse's
Point. In 1880 he came to Victory and with C.
H. Stevens bought the mUl now called
" Gallup's MiUs," but his partner soon sold

GAGE.

153

GAGE, Sidney, of Westminster, son of
Williara P. and Laura M. (Richmond) Gage,
was born in Westminster, Nov. 25, 1853.
His education was confined to the com
raon schools of AA'estminster, and after his
soraewhat limited schooling, he engaged in
the employ of his father in the raanufacture
of baskets, and later succeeding his father,
has continued in the same business to the
present time.
He has been caUed upon to assume the
responsibility of some of the town offices in
his native place, and in 1892 represented
Westminster in the General Assembly. Mr.
Gage is a member of the board of trustees of
the Bellows FaUs Savings Institution, having
served in that capacity since 1889. An
earnest, honest, upright citizen, he has won
the esteem and good will of his fellow citi
zens.

O. M. GALLUP.

out. At this time there was not a good
highway in the place, and Mr. Gallup at
once surveyed a route for a railroad at his
own expense and obtained by personal
effort a large part of the subscription for the
enterprise, contributing fifteen hundred
dollars on his own account ; then he took
the contract to build the road at a losing
price, that the town might receive the bene
fit of it. From that time to the present he
has been engaged in his mill, although he
has since built a road for the WUd River
Luraber Co., in the western part of Maine.
Mr. Gallup was elected to the Legislature
in 1892 from Victory as a Deraocrat. He
takes a great interest in every movement
which conduces to the moral and raaterial
weU-being of his community, and has been
a liberal contributor to all worthy enterprises
in the community, having donated land for
the schools and churches of the place
Mr. Gallup was married July 3, 1883, to
Miss Mary A. Cutter, daughter of A. B. Cut
ter of Bradford, Mass. Four children have
blessed their union, of whom two are living :
Annie, and Frank.

SIDNEY GAGE.

Mr. Gage was married in Bellows FaUs,
Feb. 21, 1877, to EUen L., daughter of
Albert E. and Lucy M. (Davis) Leonard of
Grafton. GARDNER, ABRAHAM BROOKS, of
Pownal, son of Samuel J. and Jennette
(Merchant) Gardner, was born at Pownal,
Jan. 6, 1858.
After his education was finished in the
Bennington pubhc schools, he labored on
his father's farm, where he remained until
his twenty-second year, when he bought an
estate of his own.

154

GATES.

GATES.

In 1886 Mr. Gardner was elected to rep
resent his town in the Legislature, an office
which he ably filled for one term. For the
past four years he has been, and is now, one
of the selectmen of Pownal.

-^¦

ABRAHAM BROOKS GARDNER.

He is also a prominent member of the
Masonic body. He is in religious prefer
ence a Baptist.
Mr. Gardner was married in October, 1880,
to Miss Audria M., daughter of D. F. and H.
E. Bates. Their three children are : Flor
ence A., Daniel F., and Jennette M.
GATES, Amasa O., of MorrisviUe, son
of Daniel F. and Lavina (Jordan) Gates,
was born in Morristown, April 25, 1842.
Of Revolutionary ancestry, his education
was obtained in the coramon schools and the
People's Acaderay of Morristown, at which
acaderay he was prepared for Middlebury
CoUege, which he entered in the class of
i860. He remained in coUege till his junior
year, when he enUsted in the Union array.
In Deceraber, 1863, he was mustered into
the service as ist sergeant of Co. C, 17th
Regt. Vt. Vols., and participated in the bat-
ties of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and
North Anna. He was then taken sick and
sent to Campbell Hospital, and then to his
home on furlough. To such a degree was
he reduced by illness, that he was brought
the whole way on a stretcher. At the ex
piration of his leave of absence, he went to
the General Hospital at Montpelier and be

ing convalescent was put in charge of the
muster roUs at Sloan Hospital. He received
an honorable discharge from the service in
1865. Soon after leaving the array, Mr. Gates
entered the drug store of J. C. Brigham of
St. Johnsbury. In 1868 he removed to
MorrisviUe and engaged in the same busi
ness, and built up an exceUent trade, from
which ill health compelled hira to retire in
1893. He was united in marriage, June 7, 1869,
to Florence H., daughter of Col. Jonas and
Delia (Prouty) Cutting, formerly of Stowe.
Their chUdren are : Lillian L. (Mrs. Hollis
M. Chase), who was an adopted daughter,
Henry Franklin (deceased), and Albert
Oscar. Mr. Gates is a Republican in his political
predUections, and has been auditor of ac
counts fifteen years, member of the board of
trustees of People's Academy and is one of
the school directors of Morristown. He has
served upon the Republican committee of
the First District of Verraont and been ap
pointed chief of staff of Governor Fuller
with the rank of colonel.

AMASA O. GATES.

Colonel Gates has for thirty years been
affiliated with Free Masonry, during which
period he has belonged to Mt. Vernon
Lodge. He was a charter raember of J. M-
Warren Post, No. 4, G. A. R., Morrisville,
has held the position of adjutant and for
three years been its coraraander. He has

GIDDINGS.

¦ GLEASON.

155

been for two years inspector of department
of Vermont and twice has been honored
with the ofifice of delegate to the national
encampment. GIDDINGS, WILLIAM H., of Water
bury, son of WiUiam, Jr., and Betsey (Wal
lace) Giddings, was born in Bakersfield,
Oct. 24, 1840.
After the customary coramon school edu
cation in Bakersfield he resolved to follow
the medical profession and for this purpose
coraraenced his studies with Dr. ^V. R.
Hutchinson of Enosburgh. He then entered
the raedical department of the University of
Verraont frora which he received a diploraa,
graduating in the, class of 1866. He com
menced the practice of his profession in his
native town where he remained actively en
gaged until April, 1892, when he was chosen
acting superintendent of the Vermont Asy
lura for the Insane, and the wisdom of his
selection to this position was confirmed by
his appointment as superintendent a few
months after. This ofifice he still continues
to hold.
He was united in wedlock in Bakersfield,
Feb. II, 1868, to Sarah A., daughter of John
and Betsey (Pierson) Perkins, One child
has been born to them : Florence E.
Dr. Giddings was elected a member of
the Constitutional Convention in 1870 and
by the vote of his Republican constituents
he was sent as town representative to the
Legislature ten years after, and was finally
elected senator from Franklin county in
1888, where he served with raarked ability
as the chairman of the committee on the

GILL, Daniel Oscar, of Springfield,
son of Charles and Sophia (Healey) Gill,
was born at Hartland, August 15, 1837.
When Daniel was three years old, he was
adopted by his uncle, Daniel A. Gill, and
educated in the pubhc schools of Springfield
and at Kimball Union Academy at Meriden,
N. H. Mr. GUI was bred a farmer, and
never forgetting " that the cultivation of the
earth is the most independent labor of man "
has reraained a farmer during a long and
useful life. He now owns and superintends
several estates. On one of these his father
was born and lived eighty-nine years. Dur
ing the last five years Mr. Gill has resided
in Springfield, where he has some important
interests, and is a partner in the firm of
Noyes & GiU. He is also a stockholder and
director in the Jones & Lamson Machine
Co., of Springfield. He has been often
caUed upon to settle estates and act as
guardian, all of which trusts he has ably and
faithfully discharged.
As a meraber of the Republican party he

has been caUed continuously for thirty years
to sorae town office and has been a justice
of the peace for nearly a quarter of a cent
ury. In 1886 he represented Springfield in
the House and was a raeraber of the com
mittee on railroads. The only secret society
with which he is affiliated is the Springfield
Grange, P. of H.
Mr. Gill vvas united in raarriage Jan. 27,
1864, to Helen C, daughter of Captain
John and Elizabeth (Clough) Westgate, of
Plainfield, N. H. She died within two years
of their raarriage. He contracted a second
raarriage with Miss Jennie L., daughter of
Rev. George D. and Fanny (White) But
terfield, of Monticello, Iowa. Two chUdren
have blessed their union : Frank D., and
Fred Butterfield.
GLEASON, Carlisle Joyslin, of
Montpelier, son of Huzziel and Emily H.
(Richardson) Gleason, was born in Warren,
Oct. 23, T831.
He was prepared for coUege at the W^est
Randolph Academy, and was graduated
from Dartmouth College with the class of

CARLISLE JOYSLIN GLEASON.

1856, receiving the degree of A. B. In col
lege, he was a raember of the Social Friends
and Delta Kappa Epsilon societies. Enter
ing the law ofifice of Timothy P. Redfield in
Montpelier, he pursued his studies there
until February, 1857, when he was made
principal of the Central grammar school,
Peabody, Mass. During this time he con-

156

GLEASON. .

tinned his legal studies, returning to Mont
pelier in July, 1858, where he resumed his
place in Mr. Redfield's ofifice. He was
admitted to the bar Oct. 4, 1858, but still
continued with Mr. Redfield as student and
assistant tiU Jan. i, 1861, when he becarae a
partner under the firm name of Redfield &
Gleason. He was associated with Mr. Red-
field until the latter was elected, in 1870, a
judge of the Supreme Court. During this
time he was actively engaged in his pro
fession. In 1856 and during the extra session of
1857 he was reporter ofthe Vermont Senate
and in the following year he performed the
sarae duties in the House of Representa
tives. Though alraost a stranger in Mont
pelier, he received the appointraent of
reporter of the Senate in the contest insti
tuted by the late Hon. E. P. Walton, upon
whom at that time devolved the duty of
raaking this appointment. There were ten
or twelve candidates, and just before the
opening of the session. Judge Luke P.
Poland was to deliver an opinion in a case of
considerable iraportance. On the morning
of the day on which the opinion was to be
delivered, Mr. Walton informed the aspirants
that he would appoint the candidate who
should produce the best report of it. Mr.
Gleason's report was judged the best, and he
received the appointraent. In 1859 and
i860 Mr. Gleason was secretary of the Ver
raont Senate.
January i, 1872, he forraed a copartnership
with Henry K. Field, Esq., and they carried
on a successful practice at Montpelier.
Their clients were largely frora Boston and
New York. In 1881 Mr. Gleason retired
from the active practice of his profession.
In 1882 and 1883 he was chairman of the
board of listers and assessors and also justice
of the peace. In the spring of 1885, he
took charge of the American Mortgage and
Investment Co., in Boston, Mass., and acted
as attorney, director and treasurer in closing
up the business of that company. In June,
1885, he was elected director and treasurer
of the American Investraent Co., of Nashua,
N. H., and had charge of the Boston office
of that company till March, 1891, when he
returned to his former residence in Mont
pelier, which he has since made his horae.
He is now a raeraber of the firm of Goss &
Gleason of Vergennes, manufacturers of
kaolin and owners of the Monkton Kaohn
Works. Mr. Gleason clairas to have retired
frora active business, but there are few raen
who are more industriously employed. His
real estate investments in Montpelier and
A\'ashington county require his constant care
and he bears the reputation of being a care
ful and successful financier.
He was married, Dec. 12, i860, to EUen

GLEASON.
Jeannette, daughter of Orarael H. and Mary
(Goss) Smith, of Montpelier.
Mr. Gleason is a staunch Democrat, but
he has not sought political ofifice, preferring
to give his attention to professional duties
and in later years to business pursuits. He
has been United States commissioner since
his appointment by Judge Woodruff in 1873 ;
the office came to hira unsolicited.
GLEASON, HENRY Clay, of Rich
raond, son of Rolla and Jenette T. (Mason)
Gleason, was born in Richmond, March 28
185 I.
His education was obtained from the
common schools of his native town and at
Barre Academy. When quite young he
entered on his business career in a small
way as a speculator in poultry and farm pro
duce ; from the profits thus realized he pur
chased a farra and followed by other invest
ments in real estate. For a period of eleven
years beginning under Grant's last adminis
tration he was raail agent on the Central
Verraont R. R., between St. Albans and Bos
ton, and having half the tirae to devote to
his personal afifairs he continued in other
lines of business and also operated in the
luraber trade in which he is still engaged.
Since leaving the mail service he has given
special attention to farming and dairy ,
products. In this he has been successful
and by his advanced methods has been en
abled to winter sixty cows and four horses.
Among his other enterprises was a creamery
which he started simply as a private affair to
manufacture the butter frora his own dairy.
Frora this sraall beginning it has increased
to such an extent that he is now receiving
the milk of some 5,000 cows from which his
daily raanufacture of butter is more than
3,000 pounds.
He was married in 1879, to Katie D.,
daughter of Albert and Mariette (WUliams)
Town. Two daughters were born to them :
Grace J., and Gladys M.
Mr. Gleason is a sound Republican in his
political faith. His father was an active and
well known politician and the disposition to
take a deep interest in all public matters
seems to have been inherited by the son ;
his private business, however, has occupied
so much of his care and attention that he
has been unable to accept raany of the town
ofifices which have been tendered him. He
represented his town in the Legislature in
1888 and is at the present time serving as
one of the state senators of Chittenden
county. GLEASON, JOSEPH THOMAS, of
Lyndonville, son of George and Sabrina
(Thoraas) Gleason, was born in Lunenburg,
June 18, 1844. He is the seventh in lineal

GLEASON.

GLEASON.

157

descent from John Howe of Sudbury, Mass.,
whose progenitor was John Howe, a War
wickshire squire, and kinsman of Sir Charles
Howe of Lancaster in the reign of Charles
I. John Howe of Sudbury was one of the
petitioners in 1657 for the grant constitu
ting the town of Marlboro, Mass. Both the
paternal and maternal grandfathers of J. T.
Gleason served in the war of the Revolution,
the latter holding a comraission as lieuten
ant in a New Hampshire regiment. His
grandfather, Joseph Gleason, carae to Lunen
burg in 1802 where for half a century he was
deacon in the Congregational church. His
father, George Gleason, eighty-four years of

JOSEPH THOMAS GLEASON.
age, lives in Lunenburg, one of its solid raen,
a forraer captain of railitia and a deacon of
the Baptist church.
After receiving his education in the
schools of Lunenburg Mr. J. T. Gleason en
Usted in December, 1861, in Co. K, Sth
Regt. Vt. Vols., driUed with the regiraent
for a brief period and was then rejected on
account of his extreme youth. Anxious stiU
to serve his country in her hour of peril he
re-enhsted in Co. E, 15th Vt. Vols., in
August, 1862. When the regiment took up
the route for Gettysburg Mr. Gleason, or
dered to the hospital by the surgeon on ac
count of illness, refused to obey and marched
with his command to Gettysburg, serving
with it until it was honorably discharged
at the close of its period of enlistment.
During the war he contracted disabUities
from which he has never fully recovered.

After his return he engaged in agricult
ural pursuits. In 1874 he began the study
of law in the ofifice of Joseph P. Lamson,
Esq., of Cabot, and then pursued his pro
fessional researches under W. W. Eaton,
Esq., of West Concord, untU the spring of
1875, when he opened an ofifice for hiraselfi
He was adraitted to practice at the Vermont
bar in 1876 and entered into copartnership
with O. F. Harvey, Esq., at West Concord
which connection was dissolved in 1877. A
year afterward he removed to LyndonvUle
where he was the first member of his pro
fession to open an ofifice and where he now
resides. Well read in the law and trusted
by the people of the vicinage he has built up
a large general practice embracing the set
tlement of raany estates, while of all the
suits he has brought, he has never lost but
one. His title of judge he derives from his
election to an associate judgeship of the
Caledonia county court. Coraing to Lyn
donville two years before its incorporation
Judge Gleason drew up its charter, put it
through the Legislature and at once took a
prorainent part in settleraent of the many
questions that would naturally arise in the
new town and was identified with every step
of its progress. His readiness of speech
and clearness of statement gave him a prom
inent place in the deliberative assemblies of
Lyndon, where, a staunch Republican, he has
been for several years auditor and modera
tor, also serving since 1886 as chairraan of
the Republican town coramittee.
He owns and resides in one of the hand
some raansions of LyndonviUe, having been
married, Sept. 9, 1884, to Mary S., daughter
of Roswell and Laodicea (Holbrook) Aldrich.
They have one daughter : Louise M.
Judge Gleason is a Congregationalist in his
religious behef and has taken a deep and
abiding interest in the Masonic order, being
a meraber of Crescent Lodge No. 66, F. &
A. M., Lyndonville, and Palestine Com
raandery K. T., Caledonia Council R. & S.
M., HasweU Royal Arch Chapter of St.
Johnsbury. He is serving his second term
as Grand Patron of the Grand Chapter of
the Order Eastern Star of Vermont and is
also a member of Farnsworth Post No. 106,
G. A. R., of LyndonviUe and is its efificient
adjutant. Joseph Thomas Gleason serves as an illus
tration of a typical New Englander, who,
coming out of the war broken in health and
without a dollar, commanded success from
adverse circumstances.
GLEASON, RICHARDSON J., of Waits
field, son of Huzziel and Emily (Richard
son) Gleason, was born in Warren, Dec.
28, 1828.
Mr. Gleason's early youth and manhood

158

GLEASON.

GLEASON.

were passed upon the farm, and he received
such an education as could be obtained in
the coramon schools of Warren and Waits
field. In 1849 he entered the employment
of Mr. Richardson of the latter place and
reraained with hira three years. He then
removed to Royalton and gave his services
to Daniel Tarbell for two years. At the end
of that time he returned to Waitsfield and
was employed as clerk by Cyrus Skinner.
In 1855 he conducted a union store in the
viUage and afterward forraed a mercantile
partnership with Judge J. H. Hastings which
continued for four years. Since then he has
been in trade at Waitsfield, and has been an
iraportant factor in the business life of the
place. Mr. Gleason is a Republican. The esti
raation in which he is held is amply attested
by the trusts conferred upon him. He has
held nearly every town ofifice, settled several
estates and acted as trustee in many ira
portant matters. Among the many impor
tant appointments bestowed upon him are
town clerk and treasurer. These positions
he has occupied for nearly forty years. He
was made assistant postraaster in 1858 and
in 1 86 1 was appointed postmaster, which
place he retained until his resignation in
1889. He was sent to the state Legislature
in 1890 and served on the grand list cora
mittee. He raarried, March 31, 1856, Mary L.,
daughter of Captain CroweU and Almira
Pease Matthews of Waitsfield. Their chil
dren are : Herbert C, Mary E., Jennie M.,
and Louise R.
Mr. Gleason belongs to the Congrega
tional church and for a long time has been
the treasurer of that society in Waitsfield.
GLEASON, Samuel Mills, of Thet
ford, son of Richard Mills and Harriet
(Moxley) Gleason, was born at Thetford,
June 28, 1833.
He was fittted for college at Thetford
Academy, under Hiram Orcutt, and gradu
ated at Dartmouth CoUege in 1858. He read
law with Cornelius W. Clarke, Esq., of Chel
sea, and was admitted to the bar in 1861.
He at once coramenced the practice of
law at Thetford Center, where he has con
tinued ever since. He is one of the best
known and most successful lawyers of this
section. He was state's attorney in 1864
and 1865, and again in 1868 and 1869.
While acting in that capacity he conducted
successfully many iraportant criminal cases.
In the long contested chancery case of Bick-
nell and PoUard against the Vermont Copper
Mining Co., supposed to involve the sum of
^500,000, he was associated with Hon. John
W. Rowell, and argued the case for an entire
day before the general terra of the Suprerae

Court, receiving the congratulations of Chief
Justice Pierpoint. In 1883 he was appointed
receiver of all the immense mining and
other property in controversy (in, the suits
against the Vermont Copper Mining Co.
Vermont Copper Co., and Ely Goddard &
Cazin), which was once valued at more than
a raUlion dollars, and he has successfully dis
charged that trust.
Judge Gleason married. May 19, 1862,
Sarah Lysenbee, daughter of Dr. Enoch Hil
ton and Arvilla Sraith (Brown) PiUsbury ot
Hubbardston, Mass.
He represented Thetford in the Legisla
ture in 1864 and 1865 and was senator in
1880. He is one ofthe trustees of Thetford
Acaderay, and of the State Normal School

SAMUEL MILLS GLEASON.

at Randolph, and was a director and attor
ney of the West Fairlee Savings Bank. He
was elected in 1893 a trustee of the Brad
ford Savings Bank and Trust Co. In 1880
he was appointed by Governor Farnham
chairman of the board of raUroad commis
sioners for two years, and fiUed this respon
sible position to the satisfaction of the
public as well as of the raUroad companies.
He has been town clerk many years, and
was elected judge of probate for the district
of Bradford in Orange county, in September,
1886, by a large raajority, and later by every
vote of both political parties in the district,
which ofifice he now holds.
Judge Gleason is a raan universally es
teeraed for his raany estimable qualities.

GOODELL.

GOODELL.

159

GOODELL, Jerome Winthrop, of
Burlington, son of Ira and SUa (Holmes)
GoodeU, was born in West Townshend, Oct.
29, 1842.
His educational advantages were received
in the Townshend public schools followed by
one term in the Leland & Gray Serainary of
that place. He then worked with his father
and .at Keene, N. H., in a luraber miU, tUl

He has taken thirty-two degrees in the
order of Free Masonry and has held raost of
the ofifices in the various organizations. He
is Sublirae Prince of the Royal Secret and
raeraber of the Vermont Consistory of Bur
lington. He has also taken all degrees in
the order of Odd Fellows, was raade Grand
Patriarch in 1890, Grand Master in 1891
and the foUowing year was elected by the
Grand Lodge as Grand Representative for
Vermont for two years. He is a member of
the Royal Arcanum and the American Legion
of Honor. He adheres to the tenets of the
Methodist church.
Mr. GoodeU married, March 16, 187 1,
Mary C, daughter of Luther and Mary
(Thomas) Sampson of \Vayne, Me.
GOODELL, Tyler D., of Readsboro,
was born in that town, Nov. 10, 1849, the
son of David and Sabrina (Hicks) GoodeU.
The parentage of Mr. GoodeU was of New
England stock and he inherited many of the
characteristics for which New Englanders of
the old school are distinguished.

JEROME WINTHROP GOODELL.
he arrived at his majority. Returning to his
father with whom he remained tiU 1864, he
then changed his residence to Boston, Mass.,
where he was employed as a clerk in a fur
nishing store on Washington street for six
years. In 1870 he commenced to act as a
comraercial traveler for the house of George
M. Glaziel & Co. In 1874 he setded in
Burlington, where he held the ofifice of
superintendent of the Burlington Manufact
uring Co., but two years after the firm of J.
W. GoodeU & Co. was established which
continued untU 1885 when the copartner
ship was dissolved and Mr. GoodeU con
tinued his business alone, engaging in the
working of marble and granite which has
proved both successful and remunerative.
He is also engaged in the manufacture of
patent box binders.
Mr. GoodeU for two years served as alder
man for the 5 th ward of the city of Buriing
ton and since the establishment of a board
of managers for the water system has been
one of the comraissioners. He has been
elected to many minor ofifices by the votes of
the dominant 'party.

TYLER D. GOODELL.
The early life of Mr. GoodeU was spent in
acquiring an education and upon the farm,
and for ten years from his twenty-fifth birth
day he was a stage driver frora Readsboro.
About 1874 Mr. GoodeU purchased the
GoodeU House of Readsboro, and since that
time has successfully conducted that well-
known estabUshment, raaking it a raodel
country hotel and presiding over his guests

i6o

GOODHUE.

GOODENOUGH.

with a grace equaUed only by the boniface
of old.
Mr. GoodeU married, first, June 25, 187 1,
Flora E., daughter of Rev. Jeremiah Gifford.
She died Dec. 26, 1874. The fruits of this
marriage were HaUie T., and Flora E. He
married, second, Feb. 12, 1879, Ida M.,
daughter of E. W. and G. M. Robertson of
Readsboro. Of this union were four sons,
two of whora are Uving : Earl W., and Har
vey E.
Always affiliating with the dominant party
he has received raany honors at their hands.
Besides holding many local positions he has
three tiraes represented his town in the Leg
islature, viz. : in the sessions of 1880, 1886
and 1892.
Although not rabid on the subject of tem
perance, Mr. GoodeU beUeves in the uphold
ing and honoring of the prohibitory laws of
the state, and has fully demonstrated that
Vermont hotels can be successfully con
ducted without seUing liquor.
GOODHUE, HOMER, of Westminster
West, son of Deacon Ebenezer and Lydia

HOMER GOODHUE.

(Ranney) Goodhue, was born in Westmin
ster, March 4, 181 1.
He received his early education in the
common schools of his native town and at
the Deerfield, Mass., and Bennington
Academies, graduating from the latter in
1828, when he returned to Westrainster and

taught school for two winters, spending his
suramers on the farm.
In 183 1 he went to Charlestown, Mass.
where he was eraployed as an attendant in.
the McLane Asylura for the Insane, from
which place he was proraoted, after three
years of service, to that of supervisor, which
position he held for eighteen years, when he
resigned and returned to 'Westminster in
1852. In i853-'54 Mr. Goodhue travelled ex
tensively in the United States and British
provinces, in the company of a private
patient under his care.
After his return Mr. Goodhue took a lead
ing part in town afifairs, and since that time
has held all the various town ofifices, and
represented his town in the Legislatures of
1863 and 1865. He was also elected state
senator in 1866 and 1867, and filled the
position creditably to himself and acceptably
to his county and state. He served as
county commissioner from i860 to 1875,
and was appointed by the Legislature in
1867 a commissioner of the insane, and re
appointed in 1868.
In 1882 he was chosen one of the state
board of supervisors of the insane, which
position he has continuously held since that
tirae, serving the board as chairmain during
the past eight years. Mr. Goodhue has
never yet failed to be present at the regular
monthly meetings of the board in Brattie
boro and generally in Waterbury. He has
had raore practical experience in the care
and manageraent of the insane and insane
asylums than any other man in Verraont, and
probably in New England. His judgment
has often been sought by persons engaged
in this specialty.
Mr. Goodhue was married March 8, 1855,
to Delyra, daughter of Jaraes and Patience
(HaUett) TuthiU. She died Nov. 21, 1893.
GOODENOUGH, Jonas Eli, of
Montpelier, son of Alonzo E. and Elizabeth
(Roulston) Goodenough, was born in Berlin,
Oct. 22, i860, on the farra originally bought
and settled on by Joseph Goodenough in
1794. He was educated in the district schools
and Washington county grammar school,
taught school several winters, and studied
dentistry with Dr. O. P. Forbush of Mont
pelier, receiving a certificate of qualification
from the state board of dental examiners.
August I, 1884, he entered the Montpelier
post-office as clerk under Postmaster George
W. Wing, and was appointed assistant post
master June 16, 1888, which position he re
tained till the expiration of the term of Mr.
Wing's successor, Mr. Morse, when Mr.
Goodenough was appointed postmaster by
President Harrison, taking possession of the

GOODWIN.
office August i, 1892. He has administered
the duties of the ofifice to the satisfaction of
the entire community and made many im
provements in the service.
He is a raember of Aurora Lodge, No. 22,
F. & A. M., of which he has been Master.
He is also a member of King Solomon
Lodge, Royal Arch Chapter, and Mount Zion
Comraandery.

GOSS.

161

JONAS ELI GOODENOUGH.
Mr. Goodenough raarried, Feb. 18, 1889,
Ehza P., daughter of James H. and Cathar
ine B. Holden of Middlesex.
GOODWIN, Elam Marsh, late of
Hartland, son of Israel and Betsey (Mel-
endy) Goodwin, was born in Plainfield, Dec.
22, 1828.
Comraencing his education in the cora
raon schools of Plainfield, he continued pur
suing his studies at the People's Acaderay of
MorrisviUe and concluded them af the Green
Mountain Perkins Institute of South Wood
stock. In early life he evinced a taste for
the natural sciences, and was always a great
reader and careful student in this field. He
had collected a very choice and weU-selected
cabinet of minerals, shells, reUcs, and arch
aeological curiosities. When he was twenty-
one he went to the West for a year, but re
turned well satisfied to make Vermont his
horae. In 1862 he purchased the farra on
which he resided until his death in 1890.
He was a successful teacher both before and
after he devoted hiraself to agricultural pur
suits, and was a valuable member of the State
Board of Agriculture.

^Mr. Goodwin was an earnest Republican
and has held many ofificial positions. He
was town superintendent of schools in Flart-
land and for many years town agent. He
represented Hartiand several terms in the
House, was county commissioner, and sen
ator from Windsor county in 1882. In the
House and Senate as elsewhere he was an
able and fluent speaker. The duties of
executor, trustee, guardian, referee and au
ditor constantiy devolved upon him with the
increasing confidence of his associates.
Mr. Goodwin was married March 17,
1869, to EUen A., daughter of Seth and Ehza
Densmore Brewster of Hartland. Their only
child is Fred Marsh.
He was a Universahst, and during his
long life was a shining example of probity,
maintaining a high standard of rectitude
araong his friends and neighbors.
Ex-Governor Pingree in his memorial ad
dress said : "He was ranked by all as a man
conspicuous for his natural and acquired abil
ities, raost of the tirae filUng ofificial posi
tions in his town and county and constantly
attaining a wider and more pronounced rec
ognition for qualities of heart, head and
character as a public man."
GOSS, Story N., of Chelsea, son of
.\bel and Amanda (Hebard) Goss, was born
in Waterford, Feb. 7, 1831. His father was
a farraer, and Story reraained upon the farm
until he was twenty-three years old.
Educated at the public schools of Water
ford and later at the academies of St. Johns
bury and Chelsea, he coraraenced to study
medicine with Doctors Bancroft and NeweU
at St. Johnsbury and afterwards with Prof.
E. R. Peasley of Dartmouth College. He
graduated in 1856 from the raedical depart
raent of Dartmouth College and in 1857 he
received a degree from the Medical CoUege
of New York. Later he accepted an ap
pointment as senior physician on the staff"
of Dr. Sanger at Blackwell's Island. Re
maining there one year he returned to Ver
mont and commenced the practice of his
profession in Georgia, where he continued
to live till the breaking out of the civil war.
Dr. Goss was married Jan. 4, 1858, to Ann
Eliza daughter of Stephen and Phoebe
(Hale ) Vincent of Chelsea, and four children
have been born to them : Arthur Vincent,
Harry Hale, Walter Story, and Annie E.
Dr. Goss was coraraissioned assistant sur
geon 9th Regt. Vt. Vols., Sept. 26, 1862, and
ordered to report to the general hospital at
Brattleboro. Here he reraained till AprU
when he received orders to join his regiraent
in the field, previous to which he was pre
sented with a sword by the patients and at
tendants pf the Brattleboro institution in
token of their high appreciation of his valu-

l62

GOVE.

able services. Continuing with the 9th Regt.
in the vicinity of Yorktown, he was com
peUed to resign in October, 1863, as he was
stricken down with malarial fever. Par
tially recovering, his zeal for the cause led
hira to re-enlist as acting assistant surgeon,
U. S. A., and was ordered again to Brattle
boro and shortly afterwards to Fairfax Semi
nary Hospital, A^a., at the tirae when the
battles of the Wilderness were fought. For
a third tirae he was stationed at Brattleboro
and later at Burlington until the close of the
war. After his dischargefrom the service he re
turned to Georgia and reraained there tiU
1870, when he settled in Chelsea and has
practiced his profession there ever since.
Dr. Goss was one of the original raembers,
who constituted Waterson Post, No. 45, G.
A. R. He has been a Republican from his
youth. He was for several years superin-

GRANGER.
Academy, and at the New Hampton (N. H.)
Institute. After graduating from that institute, he
taught school in Lincoln and Starksboro
three years. He coraraenced business in
the faUof 1873 by opening a retaU boot and
shoe store, and continued in the same until

*s

MOSES B. GOVE.

STORY N. GOSS.
tendent of schools at Georgia and also at
Chelsea. Dr. Goss stands high in his pro
fession as a public-spirited citizen and has
been for a long time the public health officer
of the town in which he resides.
GOVE, Moses B., of Lincoln, son of
Daniel and Sarah (Taber) Gove, was born
in Granville, N. Y., Sept. 28, 1847.
His parents removed to Lincoln when he
was five years old, where he has since re
sided. He received his education at the
coraraon schools of that town, at Barre

October, 1890, when at the organization of
the Lincoln Luraber Co., he became one of
the stockholders, and was elected secretary
and treasurer, and has held that position up
to the present time.
Mr. Gove has been prominently identified
with his town, and has held many positions
of honor and trust, having been a justice of
the peace continuously since 1874, town
clerk and treasurer since 1875, postmaster
from 1877 to the time of his resignation in
1890, assistant judge of Addison county
court, i89i-'92, and a school director in
1893. Judge Gove has been a raember of the
Methodist Episcopal church for more than
twenty years.
He was married May 10, 1870, to Miss
Mary E., daughter of Asa and Fanny Purin
ton, and they have had three daughters, one
of whom died in infancy, and two are living:
Amy Pearl, and Fanny EsteUe.
GRANGER, Pliny Nye, of West
Burke, son of John and Eunice (Owen)
Granger, was born in Bethel, Nov. 26, 1823.

GRANGER.

GREENE.

163

His education was received at the public
and private schools of Bethel and Wood
stock. The faraily having removed to Wood
stock when he was seventeen he assisted his
father, who was a carpenter and joiner by
trade, and afterwards was concerned in the
business of a butcher tUl 1845, when a strong
desire for adventure induced him to embark
at New Bedford on a whaling voyage as
ship's carpenter. This voyage extended
through three and a half years.
Returning in the fall of 1848 Mr. Granger
resumed work at his carpenter's bench at
which he continued to labor till the spring
of 1853, when he was admitted to the M. E.
Conference and immediately began to preach
in various towns in the state. He continued
his duties as pastor for twenty years and
then assumed the position of agent for the
State Temperance Society, lecturing all over
Vermont and making his residence at
Peacham. Returning to his ministerial labors,
he is now stationed at West Burke. He has
.always been a successful preacher, ever mak
ing additions to the societies of which he has
had the pastoral charge. He has had few
.active revivals bufbelieves in constant regu
lar work.
Mr. Granger's ancestors emigrated from
the old country to Amherst, Mass., and Suf
field, Conn.
He was united in marriage May 28, 1849,
to Sophia, , daughter of Loring and Susan
(Metcalf) Richmond of Woodstock, who
¦died Dec. 24, 1878, leaving issue : John
Lormg (deceased), Sarah J. (deceased),
Guy R., George H., one of a surveying
party which went up the Pearl river in 1880
.and was never heard from; Susan L. (Mrs.
Harrison McClachlin of Peachara), and
Frank P. Septeraber 7, 1880, Mr. Granger
raarried as his second wife Ellen E., daugh
ter of Nathaniel P. and Lydia (Rollins)
Stevens of Derby.
Mr. Granger has occupied the responsi
ble position of superintendent of schools in
the towns of Walden, Holland and Lyndon,
represented Peacham in the Legislature in
1872. In 1S74 he was chosen a senator
from Caledonia county. He has served
eight years as commissioner both in Orleans
and Caledonia county. In 1880 and 1884
he was selected as delegate from the Ver
mont annual conference to the General M.
E. Conference and has been for several
years trustee of the Verraont M. E. Serai
nary, trustee and treasurer of the Preachers'
Aid Society and also served for a consider
able time as steward of the M. E. Conference
and upon several other standing committees
of the church. Mr. Granger was presiding
elder of St. Albans district from 1878 to
1882 and of St. Johnsbury district from 1882
to 1886. He has always been a steady ad

vocate of temperance and has been erainent
in the order of Good Teraplars : was a
charter raeraber of Lodge No. 7. He has
also served as delegate to the Grand Lodge
of Verraont and to the Right Grand Lodge
when it asserabled at Detroit, Mich.
GREENE, Olin D., of Warren, son of
Milton and Aurora (Goodno) Greene, was
born Sept. 21, 1856, in Rochester.
Brought up as a farmer, he obtained his
education in the coramon schools of Roches
ter and the State Norraal School at Ran
dolph. Concluding to adopt the medical
profession, he studied for three years with
his brother. Dr. L. M. Greene of Bethel, and
meanwhile attended lectures at the U. V. M.,
from which institution he graduated M. D.
in 1879.
Dr. Greene coraraenced practice in Roch
ester, remained there one year and then re
moved to Warren where his devotion to his
chosen profession has secured to him a large
and steadily increasing practice. He is a
meraber of the State Medical Society.
He was married March 4, 1879, to Emma
L., daughter of Richard and Clara (Ray
mond) Bee of Rochester. Their only child
is Mabelle S.
Dr. Greene belongs to the Republican
party, and though never an eager aspirant
for poUtical honors, has occupied the ofifice
of justice of the peace and in 1888 was
elected to represent Warren in the Legisla
ture, where he was a useful member of the
committee on raanufactures.
Two brothers of Dr. Greene occupy the
pulpit, one in Lowell, Mass., and one in
Wakefield of the same state.
GROUT, Don D., of Waterbury, son of
Luraan M. and Philura J. (French) Grout,
was born in MorrisviUe, April 24, 1849.
Educated at the People's Acaderay, Mor
risville, he taught for a time in Stowe and
HolUston, Mass., and was the principal of
the acaderay at West Charleston.
Deciding upon a professional career he
began the study of raedicine under Dr.
George A. Hinraan of Charleston and later
with Dr. Edward S. Peck of New York.
This was followed by attendance at several
courses of lectures at Dartraouth and the
University of Vermont from which latter in
stitution he graduated M. D. in 1872. Upon
his graduation Dr. Grout received the ap
pointraent of assistant physician in the
Kings County (N. Y.) Hospital and later
filled the same position at the asylum for the
insane at the sarae place. He began the
practice of his profession at Wolcott in 1873,
and in 1875 removed to Stowe where he
built up a lucrative practice, which he re
linquished in the spring of 1890 to enter

I 64

GROUT.

GRIFFIN.

upon a larger field of activity, which he found
at Waterbury, where he has since resided
and is actively engaged in his profession.
Pohtically, Dr. Grout afifiUates with the
dominant party of Y'ermont, and that his ef
forts have been appreciated by his party is
evidenced by the positions of honor and
trust which have been given him. He was
superintendent of schools while in Wolcott ;

DON D. GROUT.

while a resident of Stowe he represented that
town in the Legislature, serving on the cora
raittees of pubhc health and lunatic asyluras,
and had charge of the biU to locate and con
struct a state asylura for the insane, and was
appointed by Governor DilUnghara one of the
trustees for said institution, and had the per
sonal supervision of the construction of a
portion of the buildings. He has held raany
town offices and is at present one of the
Waterbury viUage trustees.
Dr. Grout has been three times raarried.
In July, 1873, he married Nettie A., daughter
of John and Susan Jones of Barre, by whom
he has had two children, Inez L., and Luman
M. December 20, 1881, he married Angle,
daughter of Venon and Ehza Wilkins of
Stowe. She left him four children ; Annie
M., Josie R., Benjamin Harrison, and Angle.
In 1892 he married his present wife, Ida E.,
daughter of D. J. and Jane Morse of Water
bury. Dr. Grout is an active member of the Ma
sonic fraternity, being a member of the
Winooski Lodge, Waterbury Chapter, of

Royal Arch Masons and of Waterbury Coun
cU of Royal and Select Masters. He has
for the past two years been the Worshipful
Master of Winooski Lodge.
GRIFFIN, Benoni, of Sudbury, son of
Benoni and Abigail (Ray) Grififin, was born
in Sudbury, March 26, 1809. The family
came originaUy from England and the name
of Benoni has descended frora father to''son
for many generations both here and in the
old country. His educational advantages
were Umited to the common schools of Sud
bury and he went from these to labor upon
the farra. Mr. Griffin cultivates with great
success a large farm of three hundred acres
in extent. He also trades extensively in
cattie and is known as an honorable and
energetic dealer in those hnes of business to
which he has given his attention.
As an adherent of the RepubUcan party
he has held aU the ofifices which could be
conferred upon him by his feUow townsmen,
and he was elected member for Sudbury to
the state Legislature of 1880. Mr. GrifSn
was employed as a recruiting ofificer during
the war of the rebeUion.

BENONI GRIFFIN.

Mr. Griffin; was united to Sarah W., daugh
ter of Thomas and Dorcas (Murray) MiUer,
March 12, 1840. Their children are: La-
Roy S., Edna J., Florence S., Ella C. (Mrs.
E. C. Spooner), Ernest B., Rolla C, Mary
A., Nettie M., and Irwin B.

GROUT.

GROUT.

1 65

GROUT, Josiah, of Derby, son of
Josiah and Sophronia (Ayer) Grout, was born
of American parents in Compton, Canada,
May 28, 1842.
'When six years of age his father removed
to Vermont and he received his education in
the public schools and Orleans Liberal In
stitute at Glover. He also commenced a
course of study at the St. Johnsbury Acad
emy, which he left to enlist Oct. 2, 1861, as
a private in Co. I, ist Vt. Cavalry. He
was mustered in on the organization of his
corapany as 2d lieutenant, proraoted to cap
tain in 1862, and in 1864 was appointed
major of the 26th N. Y. Cavalry which was
organized for frontier service after the St.
Albans raid. WhUe serving with the ist Vt.
he participated in seventeen different en-

JOSIAH GROUT.
gagements and was badly wounded in a
skirmish with the partisan leader Mosby,
AprU I, 1863.
At the termination of the war he entered
the law oflfice of his brother. General Grout,
at Barton where he continued tUl December,
1865, when he was admitted to practice in
the Vermont courts. The foUowing year he
reraoved to Island Pond where he had
charge of the Custora House for three years
and also served the sarae space of time in
the same capacUy at St. Albans and New
port. In 1874 he changed his residence to
Chicago and afterwards to Moline, 111.
WhUe at Newport, before going West, he
practiced his profession with very great suc
cess, ranking high as a lawyer and espe

cially excelling as a jury advocate. In 1880
he returned to Vermont and has since
devoted himself solely to his extensive raodel
stock farm, his chief delight being farming —
and it well done. Major Grout's efforts as
an agriculturist and stock raiser have met
with great success and he possesses sorae of
the finest Jersey cattle, blooded Morgan
horses and Shropshire sheep in the Green
Mountain state.
Major Grout was united in raarriage,
October, 1867, to Harriet, daughter of Aaron
and Nancy (Stewart) Hinraan, one of the
leading fataUies of Derby. They have one
son : Aaron H.
Major Grout is an earnest Republican.
He represented Newport in the Legislature
in 1872, 1874, and Derby in 1884, 1886 and
1888. He was one of the Orleans county
senators in 1892. He was speaker of the
House, in 1874, 1886 and 1888. He has
served as the chief executive ofificer of the
Republican Club at Derby, and was four
years vice-presdent and one year president
of the Verraont League of Republican Clubs.
He is liberal in his religious belief and has
been raised to the sublirae degree of a
Master Mason. During the three years he
was in Chicago, he built up a nice law
practice which was reluctantly exchanged
for business prospects at Moline, where for
tvvo years he was one of the supervisors of
Rock Island county. He devotes hiraself
industriously and with conscientious purpose
to the accomplishment of all his undertak
ings and can be literaUy regarded as one of
those who dpes with his might whatever his
hands find to do. Particularly is this
characteristic of faithfulness noticeable in
the work he has bestowed in improving and
developing his farm and stock, which with a
pardonable pride he so cheerfully shows all
who call to see him.
GROUT, SELIM E., of St. Johnsbury,
son of Theophilus and Hannah (Chick)
Grout, was born in Kirby, June 11, 1836.
His father first saw the hght in the old
homestead now inthe possession of Gen. W.
W. Grout, M. C, and died when Sehm was
only eleven years old. At that time the
farm was sold and Selira was thrown upon
his own resources to fight the battie of life
without paternal guidance at a critical age,
but he possessed the characteristic faraily
traits of courage, versatility and enterprise.
Beginning his education in the comraon
schools at Concord, he attended later the Lyn
don Acaderay. He worked upon the farm,
learned the trade of a shoemaker, carriage
maker and harness maker, acted as clerk,
then engaged in selling ice in New York
and creditably encountered the rough edge
of the world in many and varied capacities.

i66

GROUT.

GROUT.

Later he carried on the carriage and harness
business, and when the P. lS: 0. R. R. was
completed in January, 1872, he was ap
pointed the first station agent at West Con
cord and acted nearly twenty years in that
capacity. During the latter part of this
period he gave his attention to manufactur
ing chair stock, bobbins, and dressed lumber
until his works were burned down in 1890.
He also owned and carried on a large grist
miU at West Concord for several years.

SELIM E, GROUT.
Mr. Grout was raarried at Concord Sept.
18, 1862, to Annette, daughter of Benjamin
and Sophronia (Richardson) Hutchinson of
Waterford. They have adopted Arthur Mur
ray and Florence C. Grout.
Mr. Grout was a charter member of Essex
Grange P. of H. and also one of the original
members of Moose River Lodge, No. 82, F.
and A. M., and has passed through the chairs
of J. and S. W. For two terras he served
his lodge as Worshipful Master.
From the beginning Mr. Grout has been
an active RepubUcan. A man of benevolent
irapulses, he has been a useful and public-
spirited citizen, obliging and accommodating
often to his own loss. He represented Con
cord in the Legislature of 1880. His stand
ing in the community may be inferred from
the fact that he has been deputy and high
sheriff of Essex county for seventeen years,
auditor for six years, and was elected state
senator from Essex county in 1890.

GROUT, William W., of Kirby, was
born of Araerican parents in Compton, P. Q.^
May 24, 1836. His ancestry is traced back
to Dr. John Grout who came from England
in 1630 and settled in Watertown, Mass. His
great-grandfather, Elijah Grout, of Charies-
town, N. H., served as comraissary in the
Revolutionary war. His grandfather, Theo
philus Grout, settled on the Moose river in
the new state of Vermont upon land after
ward included in the present town of Kirby,
in the year 1799, and there cleared a large
farra which his father, Josiah Grout, after
wards owned and on which he lived till near
the tirae of his death.
^\'iUiam W. Grout received a common
school and academic education, and was
graduated at the Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) Law
School in 1857. Hewas admitted to the bar
in Deceraber of the sarae year, and settled
in the practice of the law at Barton. In July,
1862, he was norainated by the Republicans
of the county to the office of state's attor
ney, but declined the noraination and en
hsted in a corapany then being raised in Bar
ton for the civil war. On its organization he
was made daptain, and subsequently was
promoted to be Ueutenant-colonel of the
15 th Regt., which was attached to the brig
ade of General Stannard, afterward so famous
for the repulse of Pickett's charge at Gettys
burg, The 15 th Regt. did not remain at
Gettysburg till the close of the battie, but on
the afternoon of the second day was ordered
to the defence of the ist corps train, then
on the way to Westminster, and Uable to at
tack from Stuart's cavalry, which were prowl
ing in the rear of, the Union army. A few
days after the regiment joined the brigade
at Funkstown, and the next day brought up
in front of the eneray at Hagerstown, and
Colonel Grout with two hundred men from
the 1 6th Regt. went upon the skirmish hne
against which the eneray was actively de
monstrating, while Lee with the bulk of his
army was crossing the Potomac. In August,
1863, Colonel Grout was raustered out with
his regiment on account of expiration of
term of service.
In the faU of 1864 the enemy raided St.
Albans, robbing banks, etc., and by order
of the Governor of Verraont, Colonel Grout
was placed in command of the provisional
forces raised on the east side of the moun
tain to guard the Canadian frontier. The
Legislature then in session organized three
brigades of militia, and Colonel Grout was
elected brigadier-general and assigned by
the Governor to the command of one of
them. In 1865 he was elected state's attorney
of Orleans county, and was re-elected in
1866. He represented Barton in 1868, 1869,
1870, and 1874. In 1876 he was elected

i68

GROUT.

GROUT.

to the state Senate frora the county of Or
leans, and on organization was raade presi
dent pro tempore of that body.
In 1878 he was norainated for Congress
by the Republicans of the third district, but
was beaten by Bradly Barlow, a greenbacker.
In 1880 he was elected to the Forty-seventh
Congress frora the third district. By the
tenth census Vermont lost a raeraber, and the
third was absorbed by the first and second
districts. General Grout was a candidate for
noraination in the second district in 1882,
but was beaten by Judge Poland, ex-raember
of both House and Senate, and ex-chief judge
of the Supreme Court. In 1884 General
Grout was nominated by the RepubUcans of
the second district and was elected to the
Forty-ninth Congress by a majority of nearly
thirteen thousand, and has since been re
elected to the Fiftieth, Fifty-first, Fifty-sec
ond, and Fifty-third Congresses, invariably
running ahead of his ticket. He has served
on the committees on territories, levees and
improvements of the Mississippi River, edu
cation, District of Columbia (of which he
was chairman in the Fifty-first Congress),
expenditures in the interior and treasury de
partments, and upon the coraraittee on ap
propriations, of which he is now a member.
Meantime General Grout has been en
gaged in an active law practice till quite re
cently, and all the time interested in agri
culture. He now owns and resides upon
the old homestead in Kirby where his grand
father settled in 1799, and which has been
in the family ever since.
General Grout married Loraine M. Smith
in i860, who died in 1868. He buried two
children in infancy. He has not remarried.
GROUT, THEOPHILUS, of Newport,
son of Josiah and Sophronia (Ayer) Grout,
was born in Compton, P. Q., Sept. 3, 1848.
His early education was received in the
public schools of Concord followed by an
academic course at the institutions at St.
Johnsbury, Newbury and Mclndoes Falls,
after which, as he had resolved to adopt the
legal profession as his life work, he com
raenced his studies in the office of Bisbee
& Grout and was admitted to the bar of
Orleans county at the September term in
187 1. He commenced to practice in the
town of Newport and with the exception of
one year which he spent in Galveston, Tex.,
he continued his professional career in that
place, having sorae of the tirae been in
partnership with his brother Josiah and C.
A. Prouty, Esq , but chiefly by hiraself. In
1878 he was made state's attorney and he
has been connected with many important

cases in the county. In 1880 Mr. Grout
was chosen raeraber of the Legislature to
represent Newport, in which body he served
with marked ability on the committees to
which had been entrusted the revision of the
statutes and the rules. In educational af
fairs, he has always taken an active interest
has acted as superintendent of schools and

THEOPHILUS GROUT.

trustee of Newport Acaderay. In these
duties his eariy experience raust have been
of service, for he had been an instructor in
his youth, having taught in several educa
tional establishments in the northern part of
the state.
He was united in marriage Nov. 25, 1873,
to Ellen A., daughter of Charies and Mary
(Stubbs) Black of Galveston, Texas, and of
this union there are issue : Charles T., and
Addie Lou.
Mr. Grout is a member of the Protestant
Episcopal church, in which he is a warden
and lay reader and is active in the work of
the Sunday school.
In Free Masonry he has received the
honors of the 3 2d degree and he is the act
ing prelate of Malta Commandery No. 10,
of Newport. When he withdrew from pro
fessional practice in 1891 he became editor
and proprietor of the Newport Express and
Standard, which journal he continues to
publish till the present time.

HAILE.

169

HAILE, Benjamin Harrison, of Mont-
-gomery, son of Nathan and Mary Ann (Tar
bell) Haile, was born in Montgomery, Dec.
26, 1846.
The faraily of HaUe carae frora Scodand
to Rhode Island at an early day in the col
onial period. Nathan Haile was an early
settler in Montgomery, a farmer and a lum
berman. Benjamin was the fourth child of a family
of five, and was born on the farra where he
now resides. He received his education in
the schools of Montgomery. Early inured
to the labor of a farra, he developed a
sturdy physique and unusual executive abUity,
and from the time of his arrival at raan's
estate has taken charge of aU the business
appertaining to his father's farm and also of
other propertifes which he has purchased
from time to tirae. In the winter he devotes
his attention to lumbering. In every calling
he has met with merited success. He was
largely instrumental in establishing a co
operative creamery at Montgomery.
Like his namesake Mr. HaUe is a stalwart
Republican, and he has filled many public
positions. In his native town, composed
largely of a foreign element, his wise counsel
and prudent advice have been influential
and beneficial in the management of public
affairs, and he was a useful member of the
House of Representatives in 1888. He has
been county commissioner.
Mr. HaUe raarried in 1880, Hattie, daugh
ter of A. P. and Harriet (Rawson) Richard
son. Their children are : John Rawson, and
Clarence Hamilton.
HALE, Harry, late of Rindge, N. H.,
Windsor and Chelsea, was born in Rindge,
N. H., Feb. 10, 1780. His father. Colonel
Nathan Hale, who had been at horae after
July, 1777, upon his limited parole to return
within the enemy's lines at the end of two
years, if not sooner exchanged, had left home
pursuant to the terms of his parole, to return
within the enemy's lines, and at the time
of his son's birth was a prisoner of war in
the hands of the British at New Utrecht,
L. I., where he died, Sept. 23, 1780, without
again visiting his home, so that the subject
of this sketch never saw his father. His
training, of course, devolved upon his wid
owed mother, a woman of remarkable energy,
decision, and intelligence. He was educated
at the common schools in Rindge, with the
addition of a term or two at New Ipswich
Academy, but succeeded in acquiring a
thorough practical education, and was al
ways reraarkable for his coramand of pure
and forcible English both in writing and in
speech.

When about twenty years of age he joined
his brother Nathan at ^Vindsor, and either
then or on arriving at his majority, entered
into copartnership with him under the firm
name of N. & H. Hale as country merchants,
having a store at Windsor street and, after a
few years, another at the West Parish, now
West Windsor. He removed from Windsor
to Chelsea in 1807, and there continued for
some years in partnership with his brother
Nathan. On the dissolution of their partner
ship he formed a business connection with
Joshua Dickinson for several years, carrying
on a country store under the firm narae ot
Hale & Dickinson. They built the structure
on the west side of the north common, since
known as the Dickinson store. Somewhere
about 1825 he retired from trade, and
thenceforth devoted himself to the raanage
raent of his grist raill and his farms.
He was early chosen a captain of militia
and was best known by the title of Captain.
He was frequently elected to town ofifices,
selectraan, lister, town agent, etc. F'or many
years he was justice ofthe peace. In 1828,
1832, and 1836 he represented Chelsea in
the Legislature. For several years he was
county clerk of Orange county and bank
commissioner of the state. He was repeat
edly moderator of the town meetings, and in
all respects a leading citizen of his town.
He always took an active interest in politics ;
was an early Federalist, but when John
Quincy Adaras became a candidate for the
presidency warmly supported him against
the violent opposition of many ofthe leaders
of the old Federal party. On the breaking
out of the anti-Masonic excitement about
1827 and 1828, Mr. Hale, who had never
been a Mason, fully sympathized with the
hostUity to that institution, and was first
elected to the Legislature as a candidate of
that party. Subsequently he acted for many
years with the whigs, but on the organiza
tion of the so-called "Liberty Party," his firm
and unyielding hostility to slavery led him
to join it, and to it adhered till his death.
In 1843 he received its noraination for state
treasurer on the ticket with Lawrence Brain
erd as Governor, and this compliment was
renewed for several years. It may be added
that he never sought ofifice, and that all his
nominations and elections came unsought.
In all the relations of public and private
life, he bore an honorable and unsullied
character, and his whole career was marked
by integrity and uprightness. Perhaps his
most distinguished characteristic was his
firm and exact adherence to justice, which
made hira a safe umpire not only between
his neighbors, a duty he was often called to,
but an almost equally safe arbitrator between
himself and his neighbor.

HALE.

HALE.

171

He was a most liberal supporter of the
Congregational church, with which he wor
shipped, but never becarae a member until
1838. He was never a rich man, but never failed
to "pay one hundred cents on the dollar,"
and but once while in business was com
peUed to ask so rauch as an "extension of
tirae" from his creditors, which was most
freely and wUlingly granted, and within
which his indebtedness was fully met. The
generous education which he gave his chil
dren was a continual drain on his resources
which he never regretted, although it left
him in moderate circurastances, financially,
in his old age. He died at Chelsea, June,
1861. Mr. Hale raarried, first in Rindge in 1802,
Phebe, daughter of David and Phebe (Spof
ford) Adaras. She died at Chelsea, Jan. 13,
1815, having been the mother of eleven
children, six of whom survived her. He mar
ried, secondly, Nov. 14, 1818, at Chelsea,
Lucinda, daughter of Ephraira and Mary
(Safford) Eddy. She bore hira seven chil
dren. AU her own children and four of her
step-children survived her. She survived her
husband and died at Chelsea, August i, 1871.
On the renovation of the Congregational
church in Chelsea in 1876 a meraorial win
dow of stained glass was placed in the rear
of the pulpit, which describes Mr. Hale as
"Foremost among those who builded this
house to the worship of God, 1810," adding
the text selected by his children, "One that
ruleth well his own house, having his chil
dren in subjection with all gravity."
HALE, Mark, son of Harry and Phebe
Hale, born August 20, 1806, was appointed a
midshipman in the navy in 1825 and re
signed in 1832. No tidings have been re
ceived of him since his resignation, and he
probably died many years ago. He is de
scribed in a letter written by one of his ship
mates to his father as a young raan of fine
person, prepossessing raanners, and as highly
respected both in his private and official
capacity by his brother officers in every
grade. HALE, Thomas, son of Harry and Phebe
Hale, was born in Chelsea, June 21, 1813.
He was adraitted to the bar in 1844, but
never practiced the legal profession to any
extent. Most of his life was spent in jour-
nalisra. He was for raany years editor of
the Vermont Journal at Windsor, and also
founded and edited the New England Ob
server at White River Junction. He was
also the editor of the Sentinel at Keene, N.
H., and of various other papers in New
England. As a journalist he was very suc
cessful, continuing in that profession untU

he was corapelled to abandon it by the fail
ure of his sight.
He was married to Sarah Ballou Potter in
1869, and died in Plainfield, N. J., on the
4th of March, 1893, leaving his widow and
one son (Thoraas) surviving hira.
HALE, Henry, son of Harry and Phebe
Hale, was born in Chelsea, June 21, 1814.
Graduating at the University of Verraont
in 1840, he studied law and practiced his
profession first at Orwell, Vt., then at Pough
keepsie, N. Y., and reraoved to St. Paul,
Minn., in 1855, where he resided until his
death in December, 1890. Not long after
he reraoved to St. Paul he gave up profes
sional labor and devoted his time mainly to
the care of the estate which he accumulated
there, and to travel, making frequent visits to
Europe, where he spent a large portion of his
time. He raarried, just before his removal to St.
Paul, Mary Elizabeth F'letcher, daughter of
Paris Fletcher, Esq., of Bridport. He had
two children, who both died in infancy, and
left only his widow surviving. By his will he
left a large portion of his fortune to the city
of St. Paul for the purpose of founding a free
library and free dispensary. He was a man
of great reading and ability and had a high
standing in his profession.
HALE, Safford Eddy, eldest son of
Harry and Lucinda Hale, was born in Chel
sea, Oct. 26, 1818, and received his pro
fessional education in the raedical depart
raent of Dartraouth College. In 1842 he
went to Elizabethtown, N. Y., where he
entered upon the practice of medicine,
which he continued untU within a few
months of his death, which occurred AprU
18, 1893.
With an acute and cultivated mind, pol
ished raanners, agreeable presence, lively
wit, fine professional attainraents and skiU,
absolute integrity and fearless independence,
he at once becarae and continued to the end
to be one of the raost respected citizens of
Elizabethtown. He felt a lively interest in
all raatters of public concern, and although
not an active politician or desirous of office,
he frora tirae to tirae served the community
in such positions as justice of the peace,
commissioner of highways, county treasurer,
etc. He was for one term president of the
Essex County Medical Society and its secre
tary raany years.
He raarried Elizabeth Palmer ChurchiU,
daughter of Joseph ChurchUl, Esq., of Wood
stock. She died March 8, 187 1. He left
surviving hira three chUdren : Frederick G.
(a lawyer at Chicago), Joseph C. (of Lead
ville, Col.), and Clara L., who resided with
her father, and stUl resides in Elizabethtown.,

172

HALE.

HALE.

HALE, Robert Safford, second son
of Harry and Lucinda Hale, was born in
Chelsea, Sept. 24, 1822. He graduated at
the University of Verraont in 1842, and re
ceived from that college the degree of LL.D.
He studied law in Elizabethtown, N. Y., and
was adraitted to practice in 1847, continu
ing in that professon at Elizabethtown untU
his death, which occurred Dec. 14, 1881.
The following extract frora the memorial
minute adopted by the Board of Regents of
the State of New York on the occasion of his
death, gives a concise and clear sketch of
his public life :
"In 1856 he was elected judge of Essex
county, and in 1859 a regent of the univer
sity. In i860 he was appointed a presiden
tial elector, and in 1865 he was elected to
Congress. In 1868 he was employed as
special counsel of the Treasury before the
Court of Claims of the United States. In
1870 he was nominated as a judge of the
Court of Appeals, but, with the majority of
his party candidates, was not elected. In
1871 he was appointed agent and counsel of
the United States before the mixed corarais
sion of clairas under the treaty of Washing
ton. In 1873 he was again elected to Con
gress, and in 1876 he was appointed by the
Legislature one of the coraraissioners of the
state survey.
"To the discharge of these various pro
fessional and public duties, Mr. Hale
¦brought a singular combination of powers.
His fine natural ability was admirably trained
by various study and accomplishments. His
mind was a treasury of well ordered knowl
edge. His eloquence was clear, forcible and
brilliant ; and his quick sympathies, his pro
fuse and delightful huraor, his raoral earnest
ness and courage raade him one of the most
delightful of corapanions, as he was one of
the most persuasive of advocates and most
upright of magistrates. His political, like
his professional career, was distinguished by
that independence which is as rare as it
is manly, and which of itself is a public in
fluence of the highest character. In this
board, Mr. Hale's service was constant and
efficient. In all its deliberations his sound
judgment, his clear perception and his
great experience were invaluable, and the
board are but too sadly conscious that his
loss cannot be replaced."
He married Lovina Sibley, daughter of
Jeremiah Stone of Elizabethtown, who sur
vives him. He also left five children : one
son Harry (who is a practicing lawyer in
Elizabethtown), and four daughters, three
of whom are still living with their raother at
Elizabethtown. HALE, Rev. John Gardner, third
:son of Harry and Lucinda Hale, was born at

Chelsea, Sept. 12, 1S24. He graduated at
the University of Verraont in 1845, and
Andover Theological Serainary in 185 1. In
1852 he was sent by the Horae Missionary
Society to Grass Valley, Cal., where he re
sided for several years. Before his depart
ure to California he had raarried Jane P.
daughter of Israel Dwinell of East Calais
and after a few years he returned to Ver
raont, and was settled successively at East
Poultney, Chester and Stowe. liis health
was always rather delicate and the climate of
Vermont somewhat severe, therefore he
again went to California, and settled at Red-
lands, where he resided untU his death in
March, 1892. At all his places of residence
he was respected and loved as an able, sin
cere and earnest minister of the gospel. He
left surviving him, one son. Rev. Edson
Dwinell Hale (a Congregational minister in
California), and three daughters.
HALE, William Bainbridge, fourth
son of Harry and Lucinda Hale, was born in
Chelsea, July 20, 1826. He had not the
benefit of a college education, but was a
great reader and had a wonderfully retentive
memory, and was really a better educated
raan than raost college graduates. He was
for many years president of the First Na
tional Bank of Northampton, Mass., and a
prominent and influential citizen of North
ampton. The following frora the Spring
field Republican is a just tribute to his
raeraory. ' In Northarapton he was interested in
various raanufacturing enterprises as weU as
banking, and for several years was president
and raanager of the old Florence Sewing
Machine Co. in its palmy days. He was
also interested in the Knapp dovetailing
machine and other industries. He was
identified with the afifairs of the old town of
Northarapton, and, in i860, as president of
the Young Men's Institute, did much in
bringing about the establishment of the
present large and flourishing free library.
In town meetings he was a ready and fluent
speaker, and always took an active hand in
debates, frequently having stirring discus
sions on educational and other questions
with Judge Bond, the late Charles Delano
and others.
" Mr. Hale was a man of more than ordi
nary ability, of wide reading and possessed
an extraordinary gift of language, which af
times raounted to eloquence. He spoke in
public readily and fluently, and with great
effect. His raanner was autocratic; often
he expressed hiraself with impolitic vigor;
his likes and dislikes were apt to be ex
treme ; but his weight of character overbore
all the traits that raight have made enemies.
He was never persuaded to run for office,

173

and his transparent unselfishness increased
his influence."
He raarried, first, Harriet Araelia, daugh
ter of Wright Porter of Hartford, who died
Dec. 10, 1882. July 7, 1886, he married
Mrs. Victoria Morris of Grassdale, Va., who
survives hira. After his second raarriage, he
removed to Grassdale, Va., where he con
tinued to reside until his death in Novera
ber, 1892. He left two sons, children of
his first wife : Philip, an organist and musi
cal critic of Boston, Mass., and Rev. Edward
Hale, a graduate of Harvard, who is now a
Unitarian rainister at East Orange, N. J.
HALE, Matthew, youngest son of
Harry and Lucinda Hale, was born in Chel
sea, June 20, 1829. He graduated at the
University of Vermont, in 185 1, and after
wards received from that coUege the degree
LL.D. He studied law with his brother
Robert S. at Elizabethtown, N. Y., and was
adraitted to the bar of New York in 1853.
He settled first in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., then
for a few years in New York City ; after
wards in Elizabethtown until 1868, since
which time he has been engaged in the
practice of his profession at Albany, N. Y.
He was a member of the New York state
Constitutional Convention of 1867, and ofthe
New York state Senate in 1868 and 1869.
In 1883 he was the Republican candidate
for justice of the Supreme Court in the
Third District, but was defeated by the Hon.
Rufus W. Peckham. He has been an active
meraber of the New York State Bar Asso
ciation from the time of its organization, and
has been its president. In 1886 he was ap
pointed by the New York Legislature one
of three comraissioners to investigate and
report the most humane and practical
method of carrying into effect the sentence
of death in capUal cases ; and in pursuance
of the recommendation of this commission,
the New York Legislature in 1 888 enacted
that the punishment of death should there
after be inflicted by causing to pass through
the body a current of electricity of sufificient
intensity to cause death. This mode of in
flicting the death penalty has ever since pre
vailed in the state of New York, and has
proved more efificient and less painful and
revolting than the old method of inflicting
capital punishment by hanging.
Since 1884 Mr. Hale has been an inde
pendent in pohtics. He has been quite
prorainent in the advocacy of pohtical re
forras, and is now (1893) president of the
New York State Civil Service Reforra League.
He raarried in 1856, EUen S., daughter of
the late Hon. Augustus C. Hand, justice
of the New York Suprerae Court. She died
in 1867. In December, 1877, he married
his present wife, Mary, daughter of the late

Col. Francis L. Lee, forraerly of Boston,,
Mass., by whom he has five children, three
daughters and two sons, the eldest of whora
was born in January, 1879. He still resides
and practices his profession in Albany, and
is now the only surviving son of his father.
HALE, Franklin D., of Lunenberg, son
of .Sprague T. and Nancy M. (Moulton)
Hale, was born in Barnet, March 7, 1854.
He alternately attended school and worked
upon the farra, receiving his preparatory in
struction in the coraraon schools of Concord,
and after continuing his studies at the high
school of Northfield and at St. Johnsbury
Acaderay, finally graduated in the law de
partraent of Michigan University in 1877.
After being admitted to the bar, Mr. Hale

FRANKLIN D. HALE.
became a raember of the firra of Hutchin
son, Savage & Hale at Lewiston, Me., and
sorae time afterwards spent two years in
traveling in the western states. In 1881
he settled in Lunenberg as a lawyer, and also
engaged in farming. Here he has continued
to reside.
Mr. Hale was raarried Nov. 2, 1881, to
Addie L., daughter of Hon. Levi and Susan
(Powers) SUsby. Their chUdren are : Susie
M., and Charles S.
The usual town ofifices have been entrusted
to him. He was, in 1884, representative
and senator from Essex county in 1886 in
the state Legislature, elected by Republican
votes. He was state's attorney from 1883 to

174

i888. In 1892 he was elected auditor of
accounts of the state of Vermont. He also
received the appointraent of town site trustee
in Oklahoraa Territory in 1891.
Mr. Hale belongs to the Masonic frater
nity, and is a raember of the Knights of
Honor ; also a raember of the Congrega
tional church.
HALE, James Buchanan, of Newbury,
son of John and Laura Burns (Hutchins)
Hale, was born in Haverhill, N. H., July 13,
1855, and removed to Newbury in 1867 with
his parents, entering the employraent of the
well-known firra of F. & H. T. Keyes & Co.,
May 22, 1871. Mr. Hale's instruction in the
mercantile profession was thorough and prac
tical. In 1882 he bought the stock of gen
eral merchandise and good-wiU of Deacon
Henry H. Deming in Newbury vUlage, where
he StUl continues, and by his energy and
exceptional business ability has built up a
large and prosperous concern.
In 1889 Mr. Hale was elected town treas
urer, which office he still holds, and is also a
trustee of the Bradford Savings Bank and
Trust Co., located at Bradford.
In politics Mr. Hale is a Democrat, in
religion a Congregationalist, of which church
and society he is a raember and officer.
December 7, 1880, he married Carrie M., only
daughter of Daniel P. and Melissa (Keyes)
Kirabail. Mr. Hale by this happy union has
had one daughter, Mary K., and one son,
Harold B. Mr. Kimball has for many years
been a resident of Newbury, and one of the
largest and most progressive farraers in the
Connecticut VaUey ; an upright Christian, a
deacon of the Congregational church, a raan
honored by his townsraen and a raember of
the Legislature in i88o-'8i.
HALL, Alfred Allen, of St. Albans,
son of R. H. and Mary E. (Crowley) Hall,
was born in Athens, Dec. 31, 1848.
He received his education in the comraon
schools and at Leland &: Gray Seminary,
Townshend. He read law with Davis &
Adaras at St. Albans and was adraitted to the
bar in April, 1873.
Soon after he was adraitted to the Supreme
Court of the state and to the United States
district and circuit courts. In 1874 he
formed a law partnership with W. D. Wilson
at St. Albans, where they have since enjoyed
a lucrative practice. Mr. HaU served as
president of the board of trustees in 1880-
'81. For six years he was a member of the-
school board, and during three years its
chairraan. For many years he has been one
of the trustses of the Franklin county gram
mar school. He has served seven years as
moderator of the town, and has been for fif
teen years treasurer of the public library. In

i882-'84 he was state's attorney. In 1892
he was elected to the Vermont state Senate
and was made president pro tem of that
body. In June, 1893, he was appointed by
the Governor chairman of a commission
upon the revision of the laws of the state.
He comes of good Revolutionary stock,
and is a member of the Sons of the Ameri
can Revolution. He was a member of the
National Guard from 1876 to 1886, being
proraoted from private to the non-commis
sioned and commissioned staff, and in 1884
was appointed by Governor Pingree colonel
and aid-de-carap.
Mr. Hall has had an erainent career as a
Mason. He is past Grand Master, past Grand
High Priest and past Grand Commander,
being the first Mason in the state to receive
all these honors. He has repeatedly repre
sented the various bodies of his state at the
national gatherings of the order throughout
the country, and has attained the 33d and
highest degree in the Scottish Rite.

ALFRED ALLEN HALL.

June 15, 1874, he raarried Abbie L,
daughter of John H. and Loantha Z . Austin.
They have two children : Harrie Vaughn,
born Feb. 2, 1878, and Leroy Austin, born
August 10, 1887.
HALL, Charles Taylor, of Mont
gomery, son of Sarauel S. and Martha M.
(Taylor) Hall, was born in Montreal, P. Q-,
Feb. 23, 1862. He received his early edu
cation in the public schools of Waltham,

HALL.

HALL.

¦175

Mass., and completed his education in the
high school at Montreal.
His father was a manufacturer of wooden-
ware, and the son, raanifesting a natural
aptitude for the business from the early age
of sixteen, had the practical management
and was foreman of the factory, reraaining in
that capacity until he was twenty years old.
In 1882 the factory was burned, and he
engaged in the manufacture of veneering for
five years, at the expiration of which time he
purchased an interest in the large butter-tub
works of The W. H. StUes Company, at
Montgomery Centre, and has been ever
nsice the junior partner and business man-

CHARLES TAYLOR HALL.
ager of the concern. The company also
engage in the raanufacture of floor boards
and bobbins, and have been so successful in
their operations that they are about to largely
increase their plant, and have recently pur
chased one thousand acres of spruce timber
land, thus providing a sufficiency of material
for the next twenty years.
Though taking a lively interest in politics
as a member of the RepubUcan party, Mr.
HaU has never sought or held pubhc office,
and of secret societies he is a member of the
Masonic fraternity only.
He was married to Etta L., daughter of
H. P. and Ann (Fogg) Foss, of Franklin,
March, 1886, by whom he has had one
daughter. HALL, EMERSON, of St. Johnsbury, son
of John and Jane (Graham) HaU, was born
in Cabot, Jan. 9, 1816.

He obtained his education in the schools
of Cabot and Peachara Acaderay, for some
time labored on his father's farm, then came
to St. Johnsbury, where for six years he was
eraployed in the hotel of that place. In
1846 he became engaged in general trade
and continued in this occupation for twenty-
eight years. He has been for a long time
one of the substantial business men of the
town ancl by his personal integrity and in
dustrious energy has won an enviable posi
tion in the community.
He has discharged the duties of deputy
and high sheriff at a time when the insuffi
ciency of the pohce force made these duties
raore arduous than at the present time. He
received the appointment of postmaster
under President Lincoln, but resigned be
fore the expiration of his term to represent
St. Johnsbury in the state Legislature in
i868-'69. In this body he served on the
committee on banks.
Mr. HaU wedded, June 19, 1850, Mary S.,
daughter of Isaac W. and (Blount) Stanton
of DanviUe. Three children have been born
to them : Mattie J., Carrie May, and Eliza.
The last naraed died in early childhood. In
1859 he was elected trustee of the Passump
sic Savings Bank and for the last thirty years
has been one of the executive ofificers of that
institution, and for the last fifteen years its
president. A staunch Republican since the
formation of the party, he cast his first presi
dential baUot for Gen. WilUam Henry Har
rison in 1840.
Mr. HaU is a Congregationalist in his re
Ugious beUef, attending the North Church of
St. Johnsbury.
HALL, Isaac N., late of Groton, son of
Henry and Susan (Burnham) HaU, was born
in Rumney, N. H., June 3, 1808. He was
of EngUsh descent and came from a long-
lived family. His grandfather lived to
eighty-six years and his great-grandfather
died at ninety-three years, while his raater
nal great-grandmother, Lydia Bradley, at
tained the age of one hundred and four. An
ancestress of the latter was taken captive by
the Indians near HaverhiU, Mass., in the
early colonial times.
The parents of Mr. HaU were not in af
fluent circumstances, and his only educa
tional advantages were those afforded by the
district schools in the time of his early youth.
At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to
his uncle Moses Burnham, a noted carpenter
and builder, with whora he served his tirae
and upon his raaster's reraoval to Groton
the young apprentice accorapanied hira and
at the expiration of his term of service set
tled in that town and has remained there
ever since. In 1826 he lost his father, and
his mother immediately after her husband's

iy6 HALL.
death moved to Groton and made her home
with her son, living to the age of eighty-one.
Mr. HaU married EUzabeth, daughter of
WilUara Taisey of Groton, April 28, 1829.
Nine children have been born to them, seven
daughters and two sons. Of these five are
Uving ; Judge T. B. HaU of Groton, Maria,
(Mrs. Stephen Vance of Albany, Vt.), Helen
(Mrs. George Willard of W'aUham, Mass.),
Theresa (Mrs. Alex. Cochran of Groton),
and Lydia (Mrs. ^Vhitney of San Fran-

was put into the hands of the bondholders,,
and its president frora 1873 to 1877. V Ina
sketch of the early settlers of Groton it is,
said of him :
"His agency and usefulness in aU matters
of public interest wiU be discovered in all
that relates to the growth and prosperity of
the town for the last sixty years. There is
no man who has exerted a greater influence
for good or who has advanced the interests
and morals of the town in a greater degree."
In early life he joined and was ever after
an earnest and consistent member of the
Methodist Episcopal church. He was a
delegate to its general quadrennial confer
ence held at Cincinnati.
Judge HaU, while with Mrs. HaU at the
residence of her daughter, died at South.
Chicago Nov. 21, 1S93, and Nov. 25, 1893,
he was buried at Groton.
HALL, Samuel Baker, of Bennington,.
son of MarshaU Carter and Sophia B. (Dem
ing) Hall, was born in Bennington, Feb-
17, 1846.
His education was obtained in the Ben
nington public schools and seminary, and
also at the Rock Point Episcopal Institute
at Buriington, and PhiUips Exeter Academy
of Andover, Mass.

k.

ISAAC N. HALL,
Cisco). The first Mrs. HaU died Nov. 11,
1873, and he contracted a second alUance
with Mrs. Louisa A. (Webster) HaU of Ply
mouth, N. H.
In can be truly said of Judge HaU that he
enjoyed the confidence of the people in a re
markable degree, as shown by his election to
many responsible offices. He was justice of
the peace and town clerk for raore than a
generation, and represented his town in the
Legislature in 1835, 1836, 1840, and 1867.
He was elected assistant judge of Caledonia
county court in 1842, 1844, and 1845, and
in 1848, i860, and 1861 was senator for that
county. Judge Hall was appointed a state's
prison director in 1868 and 1869, and was a
delegate to the Constitutional Convention in
1850 ; he was also made one of the directors
of the bank at Newbury, at Wells River, and
served as United States assistant assessor of
the second district of the state of Vermont.
He was one of the first projectors and build
ers of the MontpeUer & Wells River R. R.,
and was one of its directors until the road

SAMUEL BAKER HALL.

When his school life was completed he
comraenced his business career as a clerk in
a dry goods commisson house in New York
City. In the faU of 1867 he received the:

HAMILTON.

HAMILTON.

177

appointment of bookkeeper of the First
National Bank at North Bennington, and in
1873 was promoted to the position of cashier
of that bank, which ofifice he still continues
to fill. In 1890 he was elected treasurer of
the Bennington & Rutlancl R. R. He is
interested in real estate and also in the bank
with which he is connected.
Politically Mr. Hall is a Republican but
has never taken an active interest in politics
as he has been compelled to give the princi
pal part of his time and attention to his
business affairs, but he has served the viUage
at different times in local offices and is at
present chairraan of the North Bennington
school board.
He is a liberal supporter of the Congre
gational society at North Bennington and an
attendant of that church.
Mr. Hall was united in raarriage Oct. 3,
1870, to Sarah, daughter of George W. and
Jane (Hinsdill) Robinson of Bennington.
Their chUdren are : Deming, Robinson,
Francis H. (deceased), Sarauel Carter, and
Charles Lincoln.
HAMILTON, JOSEPH, of St. Johnsbury,
son of Jaraes and Mary (Hamraond) Hara
Uton, was born in North Gore, P. Q., May
12, 1839.

JOSEPH HAMILTON.

His- early education was received at La
Chute Acaderay in Canada, and he has
since taken the course of study prescribed
by the Methodist Episcopal Church for all

who enter her conferences. He came to
Vermont in 1865 and joined the Vermont
Conference on trial in April, 1S66. His
first appointment was Kirby where he re
mained two years. His second appoint
ment was Marshfield, and in April, 1868, he
was ordained deacon by Bishop Ames and
admitted into the conference in full con
nection. In 1870 he was ordained elder by
Bishop Simpson. In 1869 he was appointed
to West Berlin and GouldsvUle. In 1870
to Waitsfield ; during his stay here a new
church was buUt costing ^6,000. In 1871
he was sent to Marshfield ; 1872 Plainfield ;
1875 Groton; 1877 he was sent to Roches
ter ; during his three years here he took
eighty-five members into the church ; 1880
hewas sent to WUraington; 1883 to West
Fairlee ; 1886 to Woodstock, where he raised
§3,200 to repair the church, making it one
of the most convenient churches in the con
ference ; in 1888 he was appointed to White
River Junction and while here he organized
a Methodist church at Olcott and raised
$2,000 and succeeded in buUding a new
church worth $3,000. Fie served the church
at Northfield frora 1890 to 1892 at which
tirae he was appointed presiding elder of the
St. Johnsbury district and through his efforts
a district parsonage was purchased in the
village of St. Johnsbury. During his rainis
try he has baptized three hundred and forty-
eight persons and attended three hundred
funerals. In political raatters he is a Prohibitionist
and has voted with that party.
April 27, 1879, he raarried Charlotte E.,
daughter of Dr. J. Q. A. and Lavina A.
(Newton) Packer of Marshfield. Of this
union six chUdren have been born : four
sons and two daughters.
HAMILTON, Merrill Thomas, of
Newport, son of Hannibal and Juha E.
(Thompson) Hamilton, was born in Berk
shire, Franklin county, AprU 7, 1849.
Obtaining his education in the pubhc
schools of Berkshire, Richford Academy and
the Northampton Institute at Fairfax, in 1869
he entered the dental ofifice of Gilman &
Sheerar at St. Albans, where for three years
he studied dentistry. In 1871 he reraoved
to Newport where he has been established
ever since. Dr. Hamilton is unusually pro
ficient in his profession in which he takes
the highest rank and has enjoyed a very ex
tensive practice, not only in the state, but
also in Canada. In 1884 he becarae inter
ested in the raanufacture of brick in Derby
and also at Barton Landing, but three years
subsequently sold out his interest in the
business. He was united inraarriage August 22, 1873,
to Clara F., daughter of Warren and Emily

HAMMOND.

HANRAHAN.

(RoweU) FuUer of Newport, whom he had
the misfortune to lose after three years of
wedded life. One son was born to them,
Harry FuUer. Dr. HamUton contracted a
second alUance May 24, 1878, with Etta L,
daughter of Eleazer and Mary A. (Culver)
Porter of Troy. Of this marriage there have
been issue : Lavina FuUer, and Samuel Wor
cester Fuller.
Dr. Hamilton is an expert horseman and
takes much interest in equine matters. He
possesses two large farms in North Troy,
making a specialty of dairy products. Demo
cratic in his political views, he has never
taken any active part in public affairs, but
conscientiously devoted his whole tirae to his
profession. For many years he has been
the treasurer of St. Mark's Episcopal Church
in Newport, and he has taken the degrees of
Ancient Craft Masonry in Memphremagog
Lodge of that place.
HAMMOND, FRED BURTON, of Troy,
son of Oscar and Martha (Cole) Hammond,
was born in Derby, Oct. 12, 1859.

Notwithstanding his political faith,, he be
ing a very strong Deraocrat of the conserva
tive class, he has been elected clerk and
treasurer of the town, also one of the trustees
of the public money. He was appointed
postmaster under the Cleveland administra
tion in 1885, and on the re-election of Mr.
Cleveland he was reappointed postmaster
which position he is now filling. Although
Troy is a strong Republican town he was
elected town representative, serving on the
committee on claims.
Mr. Hammond is an enthusiastic member
of the Masonic fraternity, being a member
of Masonic Union Lodge No. 16, at Troy,
member of Cleveland Chapter No. 20, and
Malta Commandery No. 10, of Newport.
He also afifiUates with the Mount Sinai Tem
ple at Montpelier. He was District Deputy
Grand Master of the tenth Masonic district
in 1890 and 1891.
May I, 1884, he married Frances M.,
daughter of Robert B. Chandler of North
Troy, and has two daughters : Adeline
Moore, and Rachel Frances.

FRED BURTON HAMMOND.
His education was obtained in the pub
lic schools of Derby and at Newport Acad
eray. He served his raercantUe clerkship in the
Boston clothing store at North Troy, be
carae raanager of the same store in 188 1
and in 1884 he bought a half interest in the
general store of Hiram K. Stewart of Troy.
The firm dissolved partnership in 1885 ; Mr.
Hammond then erected the buUding he now
occupies.

HANRAHAN, JOHN DAVID, of Rut
land, son of James and EUen (O'Connor)
Hanrahan, was born in Rathkeale, county
Limerick, Ireland, Jan. 18, 1844.
He attended the National schools in the
place of his nativity till his father removed
with his faraily to New York City. Here he
became a pupil of the free academy, then
entered the New York Medical University,
where he remained tiU 1861, when at the
breaking out of the rebellion he entered the
U. S. Navy as surgeon. During i86i-'62-'63
he served in the Potomac flotilla, and on
the 23d of August, 1863, the vessel on which
he was serving was captured and aU on board
made prisoners. After being in Richmond
six weeks he was paroled and transferred to
Washington. While a paroled prisoner in
Washington he attended a course of medical
lectures at the medical department of the
Georgetown University. In the early spring
of 1864 was exchanged and ordered to duty
in the North Adantic squadron, where he
served under Admirals Lee and Porter until
discharged in July, 1865. Two years subse
quently he received his diploma from the
medical department of the New York Uni
versity, practiced in New York until the
spring of 1869, when he removed to Rut
land, where he has since resided and built
up an extensive general practice.
Dr. Hanrahan has been connected with
various medical societies, in which he has
taken an active interest and held many posi
tions of trust and responsibility. Outside
of his professional duties, he has been largely
influential in both town and state affairs, has
been trustee of the village of Rutland, as

-^

^ od7'^^^>^-^--»-''^<-^^Ks^.^ __)'

HAMMOND.

HARMAN.

well as the president of the board, was ap
pointed president of the Rutland county
pension board in 1885, the duties of which
he so acceptably discharged that, notwith
standing his loyal adherence to the Demo
cratic party. President Harrison continued
him in ofifice until his resignation to accept
the position of postraaster of the city of
Rutland, which appointment he received
from President Cleveland in 1893. A strong
Irish Nationalist in his views. Dr. Hanrahan
has been a potential factor in the Rutland
Land League and a delegate to aU the na
tional conventions. He has served as chair
raan of the Rutland county Democratic
committee and has frequently been a mem-
of the state coraraittee ; has been a delegate
to the Democratic national conventions of
1884 and '88 and chairman of the delegation
of 1892. Has always been a warra sup
porter of President Cleveland. Dr. Hanra
han is also prorainent in G. A. R. circles.
He is a raeraber of the local post and has
served on the staff of Commanders-in-chief
Veazey, Palmer and Weissert, and has been
medical director of the Department of Ver
mont. In his religious creed he is a Roman
Catholic, worshiping with the congregation
of St. Peter's in Rutiand.
Dr. Hanrahan was united in marriage Feb.
12, 1870, to Mary, daughter of Bernard and
Ehzabeth (Halpin) Riley of WaUingford,
who died April, 1882. October 31, 1883,
he was again married to Frances, daughter
of John C. and Mary (Hughes) Keenan of
Rutland. Five children have resulted frora
their union . May, Anna, Hugh, Frances,
and John.
Hammond, Lowell G., of Ludlow, son
of Jedediah and Clara (Bent) Hamraond,
was born Feb. 1-7, 1824, in Mt. Holly.
A farm-bred boy, he received his education
in the coramon schools of Mt. Holly, and at
twenty-two years of age located at Ludlow,
where he engaged in the grocery trade. Then
he formed the partnership of Mason & Ham
mond, deaUng in dry goods and groceries
during four years. Since 1854, he has con
ducted an extensive business in general mer
chandise. In 1871, meeting with a severe
disaster from the loss by fire of his large store
and a partial loss of his stock, he iraraediately
constructed a much larger and finer block,
containing one of the finest haUs in the coun
ty, where he has carried on his business ever
since. He has always voted the Republican ticket
and repeatedly held positions of trust in vil
lage and town ; being chosen representative
in 1886. He was married in August, 1847, to
Maryette, daughter of Dr. LoweU W. and
Sally (Pettee) Gurnsey, of Shewsbury. Their

children are : Leonora M., Norris G., and Ad
die W. For almost forty years Mr. Ham
mond has been a raost important factor in the
business life of Ludlow, and an active pioneer
in new features of trade. He has taken a
lively interest in pubUc improvement and has
been a generous donor to educational and
religious enterprises. He is vice-president of
the trustees of the Black River Academy, of
Ludlow.

LOWELL G. HAMMOND.

He is a Universalist in his religious prefer
ences ; for more than forty years has belonged
to the order of Odd Fellows, being a member
of Altamont Lodge, of Ludlow.
HARMAN, George Washington, of
Bennington, son of Nathaniel and Alice
(Hascall) Harman, was born ' in Pawlet,
May 7, 1812.
He acquired the rudiments of his educa
tion in the common schools, this being sup
plemented by six terms at the academy, and
private instruction. He read law with his
father, and was admitted to the bar at Rut
land in Septeraber, 1833. He practiced his
profession at Pawlet untU 1848, when he re
moved to Bennington, and for twenty years
was cashier of a bank in that village. In
1859 he resumed the practice of law, and is
looked upon as one of the sages of the pro
fession. In 1843 he represented Pawlet in
the Constitutional Convention, and was one
of the county commissioners in i846-'47.

HARDIE.

HARRIS.

Mr. Harman has held most of the local
ofifices in Bennington, including that of mun
icipal judge, but he has never had any poUt
ical aspirations. He has been from the very
first one of the strongest advocates and sup
porters of the bar association, and at various
tiraes has been importuned to accept its
presidency, but has always firmly declined.
Mr. Harman is the author of several arti
cles which have met with high approval from
those interested in the subjects to which he
has devoted his literary efforts. Among
these raay be mentioned a sketch of the life
of John Burnham, the first lawyer of Ver
mont, which was published in the records of
the Vermont Bar Association, a historical
paper on BattenkiU and Ondawa, another on
AUen at Ticonderoga, pjoving conclusively
that Benedict Arnold was present when that
post was surrendered ; several papers relating
to the battle of Bennington, and various
others.

GEORGE WASHINGTON HARMAN.
Judge Harman's whole hfe has been pre
eminently marked by principles of order,
industry and perseverance, three character
istics which always contribute in a great
measure to make an honorable and success
ful life.
HARDIE, Robert Gordon, of Brat
tieboro, son of Robert Gordon and Frances
(Hyde) Hardie, was born in Brattleboro,
March 29, 1854.
He received his early education at the
public schools of Brattleboro and Rutland.

In 1874 he began his studies as an artist at
the Acaderay of Design and Art Students'
League in New York, and in 1878 went to
Paris, France, to continue sarae at the Gov
ernment Ecole-des-Beaux-Arts under the in
struction of MM. J. L. Gerome and Alex-

^¦%/^mf'.

ROBERT GORDON HARDIE.
andre Cabanel. Exhibited in the Salon in
the years i879-'8o-'8i-'82. Returning to
America in 1883.
The first work which brought Mr. Hardie
prominently before the public was the por
trait of Hon. David' Dudley Field, painted
in 1888 and now in the Capitol at Albany,
N. Y.
In the same year he married Catharine,
second daughter of Hon. S. M. CuUom, U.
S. senator from lUinois.
HARRIS, BROUGHTON Davis, of Brat
tieboro, son of Wilder and Harriet ( Davis)
Harris, was born in Chesterfield, N. H.,
August 16, 1822.
Mr. Harris began his preparation for col
lege in the Chesterfield Academy, and later
attended KirabaU Union Acaderay at Meri
den, N. H. Matriculating at Dartraouth in
1 84 1, he was graduated with high honors in
the class of 1845, being a raember of the Phi
Beta Kappa and Alpha Delta Phi societies.
After graduating Mr. Harris began the
study of law under Judge Asa Keyes, and
continued it later in the ofifice of Edward
Kirkland, Esq., of Brattleboro. \\'hile thus
engaged he also entered the ranks of journal
ism, and for a year edited the A'ermont

HARRIS.

HARRIS.

Phcenix. In August, 1847, together with
WiUiara B. Hale, long president of the First
National Bank of Northampton, Mass., he
founded the Eagle, a semi-weekly news
paper devoted to the interests of the whigs.
On his departure for Utah in the spring of
1851 the paper was given over to the con
trol of others. On his return in the fall of
1852 Mr. Harris again became editor and
proprietor of the Eagle, which he changed
into a weekly paper. During those days of
great excitement in the political situation of
the country the Eagle maintained the po
sition of a successful and popular contem
porary of the ablest journals ever published
in the state, and Mr. Harris won for hiraself
the distinction of being classed with the raost
skillful and forcible writers then in the ranks
of journalism. His connection with the
paper ceased by sale in 1856.

BROUGHTON DAVIS HARRIS.

In the faU of 1850 his Ufe-long friends.
Senators Collamer and Foot, without his
knowledge, procured for Mr. Harris the ap
pointment of first secretary of the new terri
tory of Utah frora President FiUmore. In
his administration of this ofifice many dififi-
culties and obstacles were interposed by the
Mormons. The first Governor of Utah was
Brigham Young, and the ideas and opinions
of the two officials were so radically antago
nistic that there was soon friction and later
an open rupture between the Governor and
the secretary. So defiantly did the Governor
and his phant Legislature disregard the pro
visions of the enabling act of Congress that

Secretary Harris, after earnestly expostulat
ing, finally positively refused to disburse the
raoney coraraitted to his care by the United
States governraent for the benefit of the ter
ritory. He wrote an able letter assigning
excellent reasons for this refusal, and as a
result the Morraon Legislature waxed wroth
and passed a series of resolutions requiring
him forthwith to deliver over the money to
the Mormon United States marshal of Utah
on pain of instant arrest and imprisonment.
The secretary, firmly adhering to his original
conviction of duty and loyalty to his govern
ment, peremptorily refused to comply with
this deraand, and, amid threats of violence
and assassination, returned to \\'ashington
and restored every dollar of the coveted ap
propriations to the United States treasury.
The adrainistration heartily endorsed his
action, and shortiy afterward tendered him
the ofifice of secretary and acting Governorof
the territory of New Mexico, an offer which
he proraptiy dechned.
In 1847 Mr. Harris was register of pro
bate in W'indhara county. In i860 he was a
member of the state Senate and served on
the committee on railroads. Being re-elected
in 1861, he was assigned to the important
post of chairraan of the committee on mih
tary affairs at the breaking out of the rebel
lion, when nearly aU legislation pertained to
miUtary matters. In the celebrated Peace
Congress, which asserabled in Washington
on the invitation of Virginia, just before the
war, Mr. Harris was a delegate appointed by
Gov. Erastus Fairbanks, together with Ex-
Gov. Hiland Hall, Lieut.-Gov. Levi Under
wood, Gen. H. H. Baxter, and Hon. L. E.
Chittenden. As senior raeraber of the well-known firm
of Harris Brothers Sz Co., he was engaged
for many years very extensively and success
fully in the construction of railroads, being:
connected with some of the niost important:
lines in the country.
Although never an ofifice seeker, Mr. Har
ris's name has often been raentioned in con
nection with congressional service, and many
prominent raen and leading newspapers have
at tiraes urged hira to become a candidate
for the chief magistracy of the state. Mr.
Harris is one of the corporate members of
the Brattieboro Savings Bank and for many
years has been, and now is, president of that
sohd and prosperous institution.
Mr. Llarris was married on the 24th of
March, 1851, to Sarah Buell, daughter of Ed
win i\I. HolUster of New York City (now
deceased). Their wedding journey was to
Utah, there being then no white settiement
between the Missouri River and Great Salt
Lake. They have but one child, who is now
the wife of John Seymour Wood, lawyer and
author, of New York City.

HARRIS
HARRIS, Charles A., of East Burke,
son of Amasa and Ruth (Tarbox) Harris,
was born in Lyndon, Sept. 2, 1820.
His educational advantages were hmited
to the pubhc schools of Lyndon, supple
mented by a course of study at the acaderay
of that village.

HARRIS.

183

rZ:

entire satisfaction to the pubUc during his
adrainistration of the office. Mr. Harris has
held numerous town offices in Derby and
East Burke, and was the representative of the
latter town in the Legislature of 1874, where
his services were creditable. Since 1884 he
has been justice of the peace. In his reUg
ious belief he is a Congregationalist, and he
has long been an active member of this
denomination. Mr. .Harris was married, Oct. 20, 1847, to
Euphamea Ramsey, daughter of Eben and
Mary (True) Blake. Two children have
been born to them : Charies E., and Mary E.
HARRIS, John Edward, of Hardwick,
son of Erasmus B. and Caroline (Brown)
Harris, was born in Danville, July 27, 1858.
He received his educational training in
the coramon schools and at PhUlips Acad
emy at Danville.
In 1874 he reraoved to Montpelier and
read law in the ofifice of Messrs. Randall &
Durant. At the completion of his course of
study he was admitted to practice at the
Septeraber term of the Washington county
court in 1879. For two years he followed

CHARLES A. HARRIS.
As soon as he had arrived at man's estate,
he commenced his business career by enter
ing the employ of the Farmers and Mechan
ics Mercantile Co., of St. Johnsbury, where
he remained more than two years, when, in
company with associates, he bought the busi
ness, and under the style of John Bacon &
Co. they continued till 1847. He then went
to Derby and reraained two years pursuing a
sirailar" occupation, after which he connected
hiraself with Mr. Harry Himman, under the
firra name of C. A. Harris & Co. For twenty
years Mr. Harris remained in business in
Derby. In March, 1867, he reraoved to
East Burke, where he purchased a sraaU farra
and also a store in company with Daniel
Townsend, and engaged in trade tiU March,
1872, after which time he continued by him
self tiU 1893, when he gave his stock to his
children and retired from the active cares of
life. '
His reputation as an able financier has
been proved by his services as director of
the LyndonviUe National Bank for six years
and his election to the presidency of that
institution in 1889.
He was made postmaster of both the towns
of Derby Centre and East Burke, and gave

*%,

JOHN EDWARD HARRIS,

his profession in Montpelier and DanvUle,
then he purchased the St. Johnsbury Index,
now the Republican, which he sold in 1885
and moved to Burlington, where he bought
a half interest in the Burlington Clipper.
This he parted with in 1889, when he trans
ferred his business to Hardwick, establish-

HARTSHORN.

HARVEY.

ing the Hardwick Gazette, of which paper
and the accompanying job office he is now
proprietor. Mr. Harris is an absolute independent in
his political course and has always con
ducted the newspapers with which he has
been connected on liberal principles, subject
to no party control.
He married in 1879, Carrie, daughter of
N. K. and Susan (Moody) Brown of Bur
lington. She died June 20, 1892, leaving
three chUdren : Charles B., Frances N., and
Edward J.
Mr. liarris has done special journalistic
work on the Boston Globe, the Washington
Post, Chicago News, and Springfield Repub
lican. He is an Episcopalian and a member of
the I. O. O. F., having held all the offices
but the first in Caledonia Lodge of St. Johns
bury. HARTSHORN, JOHN WiLLARD, of
Lunenburg, son of Colburn and Elizabeth
(Fay) Hartshorn, was born in Lunenburg,
Oct. I, 1815.

JOHN WILLARD HARTSHORN.

The public schools of Lunenburg gave him
his educational training, and when he arrived
at raan's estate he left his native town to
seek his fortune in the world. He went to
Sterling, Mass., and remained three years,
during which period he witnessed the com
pletion of the first railroad from Boston to
Worcester. Then he returned to Lunenburg,

and purchased a large farra for ^800 and a
hundred barrels of cider, ten of the latter
to be paid annually. At the time of the
famous cider and log cabin campaign in
1840, the orchards of Mr. Hartshorn mani
fested "active partisanship" by producing
twenty-one hundred bushels of apples. For
raany years he was a noted farmer, drover
and stock breeder, and he acquired some
local reputation as an auctioneer, and satis
factorily settled many estates in the neigh
borhood. He was one of the original direc
tors of the P. & O. R. R., and retained that
position untU the road passed into the hands
of a receiver.
From the tirae of his return untU 1878,
when he received an alraost fatal injury from
a fall, Mr. Hartshorn was continuously in
the service of the town as lister, overseer of
the poor, moderator and justice of the peace
for fifty-one years. He has been chosen to
both branches of the state Legislature, mem
ber of the House in i852-'53, and senator in
i870-'7i, and been honored by two terms as
judge of probate in i856-'57. For seven
years he was one of the directors of the
state prison.
Judge Hartshorn married, Nov. 16, 1840,
Ann, daughter of Chester and Betsey
(Hutchins) Smith of Lunenburg, and four
chUdren have been born to them : Hon.
Elden J., of Eraraettsburg, Iowa, Elizabeth
(Mrs. George H. Eraerson, deceased), Harry
C, and Cora (Mrs. Edward LoweU), of Lew
iston, Me.
HARVEY, RONEY M., of Topsham, son
of John and Margaret (Hight) Harvey, was
born in Topsham, May 20, 1843.
He was educated in the coramon schools
of the day, and also attended Newbury Semi
nary, Peachara Academy, and a select school
at East Topsham, taught by Rev. N. R.
Johnson. In his youth he became noted as a "ped
agogue," and was always in demand to ad
minister discipline in the notorious hard
schools of the times. In 1866 he visited the
Pacific coast with the view of making his
horae in that country, but was soon recalled
by the sickness and death of his father. He
went to West Topsham in the spring of 1867,
and at once coramenced the study of law m
the ofifice of J. O. Livingston, Esq., and was
admitted to the bar at the December term of
Orange county court, 1869. He , soon
opened a law ofifice at West Topsham, where
he now resides. Mr. Harvey was united in
raarriage to Cora I., youngest daughter of
Hon. Roswell M. Bill, late of Topsham,
Dec. 28, 1870. Three children have been
born to thera : Erwin M., Laila J., and
lohn N.

HASELTON.

HASELTON.

185

A RepubUcan of the raost pronounced
type, Mr. Harvey has held many and various
town ofifices, was state's attorney in 1878,
and has twice represented his town in the
Legislature. Here he served on iraportant
committees, and was elected one of the super
visors of the insane. In 1890 he was elected
state senator frora Orange county. He still
continues his law business at West Topsham,

RONEY M. HARVEY.
and is weU known in his section of the state.
His success in many important cases in
which he has been employed is principally
due to his Scotch pluck and the personal
interest which he takes in aU his work. In
addition to the law, Mr. Harvey has become
weU known as a dealer in lumber and real
estate. He is a hurried raan of business,
and his raany cares allow hira little tirae in
which to enjoy the quiet of his horae.
HASELTON, SENECA, of Buriington,
son of Rev. Araos and Amelia (Frink)
Haselton, was born in Westford, Feb. 26,
1848. His early education was obtained in the
public schools of Jericho, Underbill and the
academies of UnderhUl and Barre. He then
entered the classical department of the U.
V. M., from which he graduated whh high
honors in 187 1. During his college course
he taught several terms in Barre, Shelburne,
Richmond and Waterbury, and for a year
after his graduation from the university he
occupied the position of associate principal
of Barre Acaderay. In 1873 he began the
study of law in the ofifice of Wales & Taft at

Burlingtpn, but soon after accepted the chair
of instructor of mathematics in the Univer
sity of Michigan, at the same time pursuing
his professional studies in the law depart
ment of that institution. Later he returned
to BurUngton where he has since reraained,
attaining a very high rank as a general prac
titioner. Judge Haselton is a strong adherent of the
Democratic party and has always taken an
active and leading part in both city and
state politics. For many successive terms he
was city judge and in 1886 represented Bur
lington in the Legislature, serving on the
judiciary committee. In 1888 he was ap
pointed a meraber of the state examining
committee on admission to the Vermont bar,
and the following year served as chairman
of the same. Two years later he was chosen
mayor of the city of Burlington to which
position he has been twice re-elected. His
term of ofifice has been characterized by ex
ceptional prosperity on the part of the city.

SENECA HASELTON.
A school buUding of rare beauty has been
erected and an important modification oi
the systera of the city has been determined
upon and is in progress. An electric rail
way has been secured through a contract
which raakes the enterprise especially ad
vantageous to the business interests of Bur
lington. Since Mayor Haselton has been in
ofifice the rate of taxation has been consider
ably reduced and now compares favorably
with that of any other progressive city in
New England.

i86

HASKINS.

HASTINGS.

HASKINS, KITTREDGE, of Brattleboro,
son of Asaph and Amelia (Ward) Haskins,
was born in Dover, April 8, 1836. His great
grandfather, grandfather and father served
respectively in the French war,[the Revolu
tionary, and the war of 181 2. ^^^- .~-' £-
Educated in the public schools^'of his
native town and by a private tutor, he com
menced the study of the law in the ofifice of
Messrs. Shafter & Davenport at Wilming
ton ; was admitted to the bar of Windham
county court, April 14, 1858, and immedi
ately entered into a copartnership with the
Hon. Charles N. Davenport at Wilmington,
which was dissolved in the spring of 1861,
when he removed to the village of WilUams-
ville, where he opened an ofifice. He has

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KITTREDGE HASKINS.
been admitted at various dates a counsellor
of the Supreme Court of the State of Y'er-
mont, a counsellor, attorney, proctor and
soUcitor of the Circuit Court of the United
States for the District of Y'ermont at Wind
sor, and counsellor of the Supreme Court of
the United States at Washington, D. C. In
November, 1863, he removed to Brattieboro,
pursuing the practice of his profession with
marked success.
In poUtics he was a Democrat until the
breaking out of the rebeUion, when he be
came a supporter of the administration ol
President Lincoln, and has acted with the
Republican party since.
He has been a justice of the peace since
Dec. I, 1861 ; state's attorney for Windham
county ; was town representative of Brattie
boro in 1872, and was elected to the state
Senate in 1892. He was appointed by Pres-
dent Hayes and also by President Arthur
United States Attorney for the District of
Vermont, holding the ofifice until June 21
1887. In January, 1893, he was appointed
by the Governor of Vermont one of the
coraraissioners to establish, in conjunction
with a sirailar commission on the part of the
State of Massachusetts, a boundary line
raonument between the two states. At the
organization of the Brattleboro Free Library
in 1883 he was elected one of its trustees,
and has served in that capacity and as pres
ident of the board to the present time.
He enUsted as a volunteer, and on the
organization of Co. I, i6th Regt. Vt. Vols.,
Sept. 20, 1862, he was elected and commis
sioned rst lieutenant of the company. He
resigned and was honorably discharged, by
reason of disabilities incurred in the service.
On his return home he immediately entered
the government service as a civU employe
in the ofifice of the assistant quartermaster
of volunteers at Brattleboro, doing duty there
and at Burlington, St. Albans and Mont
peUer until the close of the war. He was
appointed and commissioned captain of Co.
H, 1 2 th Regt. Vt. MiUtia, and was appointed
colonel and aid-de-camp of Governor Peter
T. Washburn.
He is a 32d degree Mason and has been
prominently connected with the order since
June, 1857. He has been M. E. Grand
High Priest of the Grand Royal Arch Chap
ter of Vermont ; was president of the Order
of High Priesthood for many years, R. E.
Commander of the Grand Commandery of
Knights Templar of the state, and in the M.
^V. Grand Lodge of Vermont, has served as
Grand Junior and Grand Senior Warden,
and in June, 1893, was elected to the office
of R. W. Deputy Grand Master, which posi
tion he now holds. He has been a member
of the Grand Army of the RepubUc for
many years.
He married Esther Maria, daughter of
Maj. Adna B. Childs of Wilmington, July i,
i860, and had one child, who died in 1864.
He is an Episcopalian and for many years
has been one of the vestry of St. Michael's
Church of Brattieboro. He has been quite
constant in his attendance upon the conven
tions of the diocese as a delegate from his
parish, and was elected as one of the lay
deputies by the diocesan convention to the
general convention of the church, which met
in Chicago, IU., in 1886, again at the city of
New York in 1889, and at Baltimore, Md.,
in 1892.
Hastings, Jonathan Hammond, of
Waitsfield, son of Garinter and Hannah (01-
cutt) Hastings, was born in Waitsfield, Feb.
HASTINGS.

HATCH.

187

12, 1824. His father came from New Hamp
shire to Waitsfield in 1823, where he fol
lowed the business of farraing, innkeeper, and
loaning raoney. "With no educational advan
tages but those of the coraraon schools he has
acquired in his extensive business relations a
wide knowledge of the world, and a large
stock of general information. Owing to the
iU health of his father he was early caUed to
the management of his financial affairs which
he safely conducted for him until his decease
in 1857. Since 1856 he has retired from ag
ricultural pursuits as his other business de
manded his sole attention. For four years he
was in partnership with R. J. Gleason, engag
ing in general trade. The pubhc has reposed
such confidence in him, that he has been
caUed upon to settle a majority of the estates
in the town for the past twenty-five years, also
acting as guardian, trustee, referee, commis
sioner, and business adviser. He has been a
director of the National Bank of Waterbury,
since 1856, and is now vice-president of the
same. Naturally Judge Hastings has been sought
after to fill the various ofifices of the town
where he resides, and the county also has
sought his services as deputy and sheriff from
1847 to i860. He was elected by a large
Republican majority in 1862 and 1863 to
the Legislature and was further honored by
being the choice of that party to represent
them in the Senate of which he was a mem
ber frora 1869 to 1872, serving as committee
on clairas, and chairman of the committee
on banks. Elected assistant judge in 1880,
he held that ofifice four years, and has acted
as justice of the peace for more than thirty
years. Again in 1892 his townsmen saw fit to
make hira their representative in the House,
where he served on the coraraittee of ways
and means. He is now trustee of the pubhc
raoney and law agent for his town. Ener
getically devoted to the cause of teraperance
he was a charter member of Waitsfield Lodge
I. O. G. T.
Judge Hastings was married Nov. i, 1848,
to Miss Ellen M., daughter of Hon. Samuel
and Hannah (French) Merriam, of Johnson.
Six children have been born to them of whom
two only are now Uving : Abbie M. (Mrs. J.
C. Joslyn, of MinneapoUs, Minn.), and Lucy
H. (Mrs. John W. Gregory), of Waitsfield. '
Judge Hastings was again married Sept.
29, 1892, to Orris, daughter of John C. and
Charlotte (LoveU) Paddock of St. Johnsbury.
HASTINGS, Stephen J., of Passurapsic,
son of Warren and Lydia (Richardson) Flast-
ings, was born in '\Vaterford, Feb. 10, 1850.
His grandfather and father were reputable
citizens of the town, the latter being a mera
ber of the Legislature of 1864 and 1865. He
gave his son the benefit of a coramon school

and academical training, completing his edu
cation by sending him to Dartmouth CoUege,
where he graduated in 1873.
At the age of twenty-one Mr. Hastings mar
ried Althea C, daughter of Amos and Cosbi
(Parker) Carpenter, and six children have
been born of their union : Warren J. (de
ceased), Althea L., Ruth B. (deceased),
Harold S., Frank B., and Dora E.
Soon after his marriage he settled on a,
farm in AVaterford, now Passumpsic, and has
devoted special efforts to the breeding of
blooded Jersey stock. His attempt has 'been
most fortunate, and his herd of twenty-three
cows averaged 414 pounds of butter per cow

STEPHEN J. HASTINGS,
in 1892. He is also a large maple sugar
producer. After discharging the duties of
several pubhc ofifices, he was sent to the
Legislature in 1882, and in the following
year was appointed by Governor Barstow as
one of the Vermont representatives at the
Farmers' Congress in New York City, and
again served in that capacity by request of
Governor Pingree.
Mr. Hastings has passed the portals of
Freemasonry and Odd Fellowship, is a
Knight Teraplar of Palestine Commandery,
of St. Johnsbury, and has been Noble Grand
of Caledonia Lodge, as weU as C. P. of
Moose River Encampment I. O. O. F.
HATCH, Royal A., of Strafford, son of
Royal and Marian (Chandler) Hatch, was
born in Strafford, Sept. 3, 1838.

i88

HAY.

HAYWARD.

He passed the usual time in the public
schools of Strafford and continued his studies
at Thetford Acaderay, and later at the acad
eray at Chelsea when Judge Ross was prin
cipal of the school.
Finishing his educational training at the
age of seventeen, he returned to Strafiford
and helped to raise the frarae of the buUd
ing which has been the scene of his active
labors for nearly forty years. He early dis
played an aptitude for mechanics, and his
father erected this shop to give him an op
portunity to indulge his favorite pursuits
and at the sarae time to develop the re
sources of the town. He has engaged in
the raanufacture of bedsteads for almost
forty years, introducing new machinery to
accoraraodate the changing deraands of the
market. Mr. Hatch was married to Mary E.,
daughter of Samuel and Almira (Ripley)
Cobb, of Hanover, N. H. Their chUdren
were : Mabel Ripley, Marian Chandler,
Laura Alice, Caroline B. (deceased), and
Royal. Although of Democratic stock he is a be
liever in protection, and consequently has
acted with the Repubhcan party. His busi
ness engagements have not allowed him
much time to take an active part in public
affairs, yet he has served his town in several
important , capacities. He now holds the
posUion of agent for the Vermont Mutual
Fire Insurance Co., and is director for
Orange county, having filled both places for
many years.
Mr. Hatch has been for more than thirty
years a Free and Accepted Mason, and
affiliates with Temple Lodge, No. 54, of
Strafiford. He was a charter meraber at the
organization of Bishop Lodge, No. 31, I. O.
G. T., and is now treasurer of the Grand
Lodge of Verraont.
He is well known as a reliable business
man; enterprising and substantial, is re
spected by all, and is an important factor in
the aff'airs of the town, where he has the
good fortune to be surrounded by a refined
and interesting family.
HAY, Barron, of Bradford, son of
James and Laura (White) Hay, was born in
Bradford, Sept. 26, 1828.
His education was acquired in the com
mon schools of Orford and Bradford, and at
Bradford Academy. His father was a soldier
in the war of 1812, and when Barron was
ten years old he went to Orford, N. H.,
to live with L. D. Corless, Esq. Here he
reraained for seven years, working upon the
farm and attending school in the winter
terms. In 1845 he returned to Bradford,
where he has since resided. Having re
solved to devote his energies to business, he

entered the store of G. & E. Prichard as
clerk, and has been connected with the firm
for forty-two years, during twenty of which
he has laeen a partner in the house.
Mr. Hay is a Democrat in his pohtical
faith. He has held the position of town
treasurer for seventeen years, was town clerk
in 1875, and in 1891 was elected a member
for five years of the board of water com
missioners. He has been a justice of the
peace, and in i866-'67, and in 1884 was sent
to the House of Representatives.
He is a careful, capable, and honest bu,5i-
ness raan, and owes his success in the world
solely to his own efforts.

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BARRON HAY.
He was united in marriage to Jeanette
C, daughter of Levi and Almira (Abbey),
Smith, Oct. 16, 1854. They have had two
children : Fred E. (deceased), and John
Barron. The Bradford Opinion, on the event of
Mr Hay's sixty-fifth birthday, says: "We
can truthfully say of him that he detests
meanness and trickery in whatever form it
shows itself, and is accredited by all with
being the best type of an honest man. These
traits are so conspicuous that to some he at
times seems 'cranky,' but, just the same, he
is honored by those who have known him
for a half century, as weU as those of more
recent acquaintance."
HAYWARD, Henry R., of Tunbridge,
son of Reuben and Maria (Cushman) Hay-
HAZEN.

ward, was born in Montpelier, March 29,
1841. He was educated in the common schools,
and moved in 1854 to Tunbridge, where he
has since resided.
In 1861 he enlisted in Co.E., 2d Regt.Vt.
Vols., as 3d sergeant, and served three years.
He was promoted to 2d heutenant, and was
honorably discharged a.t the expiration of his
terra of service, when he returned to Tun
bridge and engaged in the lumber and grist
milUng business, which he has since followed.
He has been commander of Whitney Post
No. 21, G. A. R., ever since its organization,
with the exception of two years, and also held
various town offices, serving as selectman,
hster, overseer of poor, etc. Mr. Hayward
represented Tunbridge in the Legislature of
1880. He was married, Nov. 17, 1864, to Miss
Susan E., daughter of Mason and Celenda
(Thompson) Farnham, of Tunbridge, and
they have had six children, five of whom are
living. HAZEN, LUCIUS DOWNER, of St.
Johnsbury, son of Lucius and Hannah B.
(Downer) Hazen, was born in Hartford,
Jan. 19, 1834.

LUCIUS DOWNER HAZEN.
The coramon schools of his native town
furnished the facilities for his early educa
tion and he afterwards attended KirabaU
Union Acaderay at Meriden, N. H., where
he pursued a commercial course and coni-
menced at the age of fifteen to assist his

father in his store and on the farra. In
1863 his father died in possession of the
largest farm in Vermont and, two years after,
the subject of this sketch removed to Barnet,
where he was employed in purchasing wool
for the Caledonia Manufacturing Co. He
then made a heavy investment in timber
lands in Whitefield, N. H., and in 1872 com
raenced the raanufacture of luraber, extend
ing his operations to the towns of Groton,
Victory, MiU's Pond and Richford, Vt. In
1890 he sold 16,000 acres of timber land in
Victory to the Olcott Falls Co , previous to
which sale he was the owner of one half of
the township.
He was wedded Jan. 12, 1862, to Orinda
G., daughter of Lloyd and Lois (Griswold)
Kimball of Mclndoes Falls. Four children
have been the issue of their union : Lucius
K., Mary L. (Mrs. N. H. Houghton),
Charles D., and Margaret E.
Mr. Hazen was selectman of Newbury
during the four years of the war and in 1869
was chosen by a Republican constituency to
represent the town of Barnet in the Legisla
ture. He represented St. Johnsbury in 1888
and served on the coraraittee on the insane
and also on that of banks. He has been
director and vice-president ofthe Merchants
National Bank of St. Johnsbury for fifteen
years, this being a longer terra of service
than that of any other director. In 1892 he
was appointed a delegate at large to the
national Republican convention at Minne
apolis. He is a deacon in the North Con
gregational Church and a meraber of the A.
B. C. F. M., and also of the American Home
Missionary Society.
HEATH, Charles Henry, late of Mont
peher, son of EUas and Ruth (Blanchard)
Heath, was born in Woodbury, Nov. 4, 1829.
His earlier education was received -in the
pubhc schools of Woodbury, the W' ashington
grammar school and the People's Academy
at MorrisviUe. He then entered the Uni
versity of Vermont, frora which he graduated
in 1854, receiving three years later the de
gree of A. M.
For two years after his graduation he was
principal of the academy at MorrisviUe,
which during that time ranked as the best
school of its kind in the state. He then com
menced the study of law in the ofifice of Thom
as Gleed, of MorrisviUe, and was admitted to
the bar of LamoiUe county court in Decem
ber, 1858. Until 1872 he practiced at Plain-
field, but then removed to Montpeher. Early
in the sixties he served as state's attorney
for the county for two years, and in 1868,
1869, and 1870 was elected to the state Sen
ate, and was subsequentiy made a trustee of
the State Library.

190

HEATON.

HENDEE.

Mr. Heath was married Feb. 9, 1859, to
Sarah Eliza, daughter of Dr. David Wing and
Rebecca (CaldweU) Putnam, of MorrisviUe.
His death occurred July 12, 1889.
Mr. Heath's hfe work was not aU done in
the law nor in the House where laws were
raade, but his outlook was as broad as the
interests of humanity extend, and whatever
commanded itself as helpful to these was
sure to enUst his hearty co-operation. He
possessed a marvelous memory and whatever
he observed seemed indehbly irapressed
upon his mind.
The cause of temperance had in him an
ardent supporter, and firraly beheving in the
principles of Free Masonry he was a staunch
adherent of the order, being advanced to the
degree of Knight Templar.

CHARLES HENRY HEATH,

A Repubhcan in politics, a liberal Christ
ian in his church relations, he attempted no
disguise of his beUefs or disbeUefs, but de
clared thera openly, forcibly and often.
HEATON, Homer Wallace, son of
Dr. Gershom and Polly (Wallace) Heaton,
was born in BerUn, August 25, 181 1.
Having received his early education atthe
schools of his native town, he continued his
studies at the St. Lawrence Acaderay, Pots
dam, N. Y., and the Washington county
grammar school at Montpeher.
He comraenced the study of law with J.
P. MiUer, Esq., and N. BayUes, Jr., in Mont
peUer, and was adraitted to the Washington

county bar, Noveraber terra, 1835. Atthe
dissolution of the firm of Miller & Baylies
he at once formed a partnership with Mr.
Miller under the firra name of Miller & Hea
ton, and when Colonel Miller retired in 1830
he took as a partner Mr. Charles Reed, and
under the style of Heaton & Reed they con
tinued to practice until the death of the lat
ter in 1873.
Mr. Heaton was united in marriage July
I, 1 841, to Harriet, daughter of John Stearns.
Of this union were four sons, three of whom
are now hving : Charles H., James S., and
Homer W. Mrs. Heaton died April 26,
1859. Mr. Heaton was state's attorney in 1839-
'41, '60, and '61, and represented Montpe
lier in 1 848. He has always been a staunch
Democrat and was the Democratic candi
date for Governor in 1869 and '70, and for
Congress in 1872 and '74. Of late years
Mr. Heaton has kept out of the practice of
the law all that he could to devote himself to
the care of his own property and the man
agement of the Montpeher Savings Bank and
Trust Co., of which he has been presi
dent since its organization in 187 1.
HENDEE, George Whitman, of Mor
risviUe, son of Jehial P. and Rebecca
(Ferrin) Hendee, was born in Stowe, Nov.
30, 1832.
George ^^^ Hendee was educated in the
common schools, and at the People's Ac
aderay at Morrisville. His parents were
poor, and all his educational advantages
were obtained by his own strenuous and
unaided exertions. At the age of twenty he
coramenced the study of law in the oflSce of
W. G. Ferrin of Johnson. He was admitted
to the LamoiUe county bar in 1855. It was
an era of frequent justice and jury trials.
'Phe industry, pleasing address, and clear in
sight of the young advocate were soon re
warded with an ample and constantly increas
ing practice. A large proportion of the
more important cases were soon committed
to his charge, and nearly aU of his recent
practice has been in the county and supreme
courts of the state and U. S. circuit and
district courts. During the last twenty-
five years the discharge of important pohti
cal duties, and the management of great
business enterprises, have at times withdrawn
the attention of Governor Hendee hom his
professional labors. He was one of the
pioneers in the construction of the P. & 0'
R. R., and gave his entire time to it for a
period of seven years, and is now the only
director who has given the road continuous
service since the organization of the corpor
ation. He has been for three years, and iS
the president of the Montreal, Portland «
Boston R. R. of Canada. His connection

192

HEBARD.

HENRY.

with banking interests has been varied and
extensive. He is a director and the vice-
president of the Union Savings Bank and
Trust Co. of Morrisville. He was receiver
of the National Bank of Poultney, and of
the Verraont National Bank of St. x'\lbans,
and was national bank examiner from 1879
to 1885.
Governor Hendee is and always has been
a Repubhcan. ^\'hen he was twenty-one
years old, he was elected to the office of
superintendent of schools, a position he has
since repeatedly and worthily filled, and dur
ing the alraost forty years since that time
there has been no year in which he has not
been caUed by the pubhc to discharge some
ofificial trust. He has many tiraes acted by
order of court as auditor, trustee, and special
master. He was a member of the Vermont
House of Representatives for Morristown
two sessions, i86i-'62, state's attorney for
LamoiUe county in 1858-59, deputy provost
marshal during the war, senator for LamoiUe
county in i866-'67, and 1868, and Lieutenant
Governor in 1869.
Sworn in as Governor by Judge Steele on
the death of Gov. P. T. Washburn, he served
the reraainder of the term. He was a raem
ber of the Forty-third, Forty-fourth and Forty-
fifth Congresses, and there served on the
committee on private land claims, and on
the District of Columbia. He was largely
instrumental in drafting and securing the
passage of the law which raade an entire
change of the forra of governraent of the
District, under which it has since existed,
and which has placed it on an entirely
sound financial basis.
During his long pubhc career Governor
Hendee has served his town in raany and
varied capacities, and the grateful apprecia
tion in which his services, both public and
private, are held, is weU known. He is now
serving his third terra as president of the
board of village trustees. During the last
ten years he has sought relaxation in agri
cultural pursuits. He is largely interested
in the breeding and development of first-
class light carriage horses of the Morgan
type and blood. He is a raember of the
Masonic fraternity; married Nov. 17, 1855,
Millissa, daughter of Stevens ancl Caroline
(Johnson) Redding. Their only child was
LilUan Frances, now deceased. His wife
died in 1861, and he married, Dec. 23, 1863,
Yhola S., daughter of Loren and Fidelia
(Paine) Bundy.
HEBARD, Salmon B., son of Hon.
William Hebard, was born Nov. 15, 1835,
and was educated at the Orange county
graramar school of Randolph, and at Chel
sea Academy. [For an extended sketch of
Hon. WiUiara Hebard see historical portion
of this work.]

He entered his father's ofifice as a law stu
dent when he was nineteen years of age, but
at twenty-one he was appointed clerk of
Orange county court and held that office
until i860. He was adraitted to the bar in
1 86 1. In the faU of that year he enUsted
and was made 2d heutenant of the istVt.
Light Battery and served in the Department
of the Gulf until Noveraber, 1863, when he
returned to Chelsea and resumed legal prac
tice, soon forming a partnership with his

SALMON B, HEBARD,
father which continued until the death of
the latter. He has been town agent ever
since 1875, and deputy clerk of Orange
county court most of the time since i860,
and on the death of Hon. L. G. Hinckley
in 1887 was appointed clerk. In 1880 he
was elected state's attorney for Orange county
and in 1884 senator.
Mr. Hebard is an earnest, reUable raan of
good judgment and abiUty.
HENRY, William Wirt, of BurUngton,
son of Jaraes M. and Matilda (Gale) Henry,
was born Nov. 21, 1831, in Waterbury.
His educational advantages were limited
to the district and village schools of Water
bury and one terra in the People's Academy
of MorrisviUe.
He was in California in 1852, whence he
returned in 1857, and entered into partner
ship with his father and brother. Selling out
his interest in 1 861, he enUsted as a private
in Co. D, 2d Vt. Vols. Proraoted ist Ueuten
ant, Co. D, he was present at the first battle

HEWITT.

HEWITT.

193

of Bull Run, and a few months afterwards he
was mustered out on a surgeon's certificate.
He again entered the service, August 26,
1862, as major of the loth Infantry, Vt. Vols.,
and successively was promoted to the grade
of lieutenant-colonel and colonel, and finally
to brevet-brigadier-general for gallant and
meritorious service during the war. He
comraanded his regiment at the battles of the
Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Tol-
opotomy Creek, Cold Harbor, Petersburg,
Cedar Creek, Va., and Monocacy, Md.
Slightly wounded at Cold Harbor and Mon
ocacy, he was hit four tiraes at Cedar Creek.
Congress granted hira a medal for gallantry
at Cedar Creek.
The first entry of General Henry into
pubhc life was his appointment as constable
in White Oak township, Eldorado county,
California, in 1856. After the war he was
twice elected state senator from Washington
county, and also from Chittenden county, in
1874. He was appointed United States
marshal for district of Vermont, in 1879,
which office he held for seven years. He
was mayor of BurUngton in i887-'88, and
appointed immigrant inspector in 1892.
General Henry was married August 5,
1857, to Mary Jane, daughter of Lyman and
Mary (Sherman) Beebe. Five children were
born to them : Bertram Beebe, Mary Matilda,
Ferdinand Sherman, Katie Beebe, and Carrie
Ehza. His second wife was Valera, daughter
of Timothy J. and Susan P. (White) Heaton,
whora he married at Watertown, Dec. 3,
1872. After his return frora the war. General
Henry again re-entered the old firra and the
business was removed to Burlington. This
partnership was dissolved in 1870, and from
it sprung the firra of Henry, Johnson & Lord.
General Henry has been prorainent in the
Masonic fraternity and miUtary societies in
stituted since the civil war. He received his
first degrees in Masonry in Aurora Lodge,
Montpeher, in 1858 ; .was a charter member
and Past Master of the lodge at Waterbury ;
also charter meraber of Burlington Lodge,
Burlington. He has enjoyed the honor of
Past Grand Master of the I. O. O. F. and de
partment coramander of the G. A. R. of
Vermont. He has been admitted to the
military order of the Loyal Legion, the Soci
ety of the Army of the Potomac, and the
Knights of Pythias.
HEWITT, Alexis B., of Putney, son of
William and Abigail (Holman) Hewitt, was
born in Windham, Nov. 29, 1822.
He received his early education at the
common schools of the town, and had
several terms at the old Saxton's River
academy, where he received a teacher's
certificate.

In i842-'43 he taught school in London
derry, but becoming dissatisfied with the
small pay teachers received in those days,
he removed to Putney, in the early part of
1843, ^^^ found employment in a woolen
mill, where he remained for twelve years,
being superintendent for nine years of the
tirae. Here he acquired sufificient capital
to establish hiraself in business, and in the
spring of 1857 he bought a one-half interest
in "The Old Corner Store" with Mr. Baker,
continuing for fourteen years. In 1869 Mr.
A. F. Kelley, now Kelley Bros., bankers,
Minneapolis, Minn., bought the interest of
Mr. Baker, and the firra narae of Hewitt &

ALEXIS B. HEWITT,

Kelley was adopted. This firm continued
the business for three years, untU 1872,
when Mr. Hewitt bought the interest of his
partner and continued it until 1882.
Mr. Hewitt has always been a raan of
high character and standing in the corarau
nity, and has held raany positions of trust,
to which he has been both appointed and
elected. In 1862 he received from President Lin
coln the ofifice of postmaster ; holding the
office continuously until 1882, when he re
signed. In 1857 he was elected town treas
urer, a position of trust which he stiU holds.
In t868 he was elected town clerk, and since
that time he has been elected each year.
He has also been receiver of taxes since
1884. In 1890 and 1892 he represented his town
in the General Asserably at Montpelier, and

194

HILL.

HILL.

was a delegate to the national Republican
convention at Minneapolis in 1892.
Mr. Hewitt was raarried August 4, 1845,
to Miss Abbie F., daughter of John B. and
Harriet Moore Pierce.
A man of quiet habits, unostentatious, but
of liberal views, having much sympathy for
the unfortunate, and always taking a deep
interest in the welfare of the town and its
people ; he is beloved by the coraraunity,
and raost by those who know hira best.
HILL, George W., of Lunenburg, son
of Carleton and Amanda M. (Carr) HiU, was
born in DanviUe, Dec. 18, 1842.
His father moved to Concord when George
was three years old, and he received his ed
ucation in the coramon schools of that town
and of Lunenburg.

GEORGE W. HILL.

At the age of eight he had the mis
fortune to lose his mother, and five years
afterward he left home and found employ
raent in various places in Concord until
1856, when he returned to Lunenburg and
there engaged in farm labor untU his patri
otic impulses led him to serve in the army
of the Union. Enlisting in Co. K, 8th
Regt. Vt. Vols., under the coramand of Col.
Stephen Thomas, he shared in the vicissi
tudes of the Louisiana campaign. He was
present at Boutes Station, Bayou Teche,
Fort Bisland, Port Hudson, Donaldson, Win
chester, Va., Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek.
Severely wounded in the first naraed engage
raent, he refused an honorable discharge and

returned to his regiment. He entered the
service a private, was promoted through
every grade to 2d lieutenant, and as such
returned with his corapany at the close of
the war.
After the termination of the struggle
Lieutenant Hill returned to Lunenburg, en
gaged in farming and finally settled on the
place where he now resides.
He was united in marriage, Nov. 7, 1865
to Amanda M., daughter of Sylvanus and
Martha Lane. Four children have been the
fruit of their union : Harry S., George W.
(deceased), Clara M., and Madge E.
Mr. Hill is an adherent of the RepubUcan
party and has repeatedly been charged with
the responsibilities of many ofifices in the
gift of his fellow-townsmen. He ably repre
sented Lunenburg in the Legislature of 1890.
He is a prominent member of Howard Post,
G. A. R., and for three years was commander.
He is noted for energy and perseverance, is
a good financier and successful farmer.
HILL, Harlan Henry, of Lowell, son of
Samuel and Jane (Fairbanks) Hill, was born
in Greensboro, April 16, i860.
He is one of the most successful physi
cians in Orleans county, and has an univer
sally large practice. Dr. HiU is a self-made
man and after leaving the public schools of
Greensboro, by a hard and diligent struggle
procured sufificient funds for a more extended
education in the Liberal Institute of Glover,
and the Eclectic CoUege of Physicians and
Surgeons, of New York City, from which lat
ter institution he was graduated in 1883, af
ter an extensive experience in hospital
i:)ractice at Bellevue and Blackwell's Island.
After graduating he pursued his profession
a few months with his former preceptor.
Dr. Templeton, of Glower, with whom he had
studied three years, going from Glover to
Morgan. In the faU of 1884 he moved to
Lowell, where he soon acquired an extensive
practice. In 1886, Dr. HiU was elected town
superintendent of schools.
He is a member of the Vermont Eclectic
Society and in 1892 was elected vice-presi
dent. Politically, he is a strong RepubHcan ;
in religious preferences he is a liberal.
May 12, 1884, he married Zana B. Drew,
of Glover.
HITCHCOCK, Aaron Charles, of
^^'estfield, son of Medad Smith and Patty
(Hitchcock) Hitchcock, was born July i9>
1823, in Westfield. He is seventh in de
scent from Luke Hitchcock, who settied in
New Haven, Conn., in 1644, from which
place his two sons, Luke and John, removed
to Springfield, Mass., building a log house
on the present site of the old court house,
which habitation was burned down when

HITCHCOCK.
Springfield was attacked and pillaged by the
Indians. I'he great-grandfather of Aaron
was the first white settier who remained
through the winter in Brimfield, Mass., and
was One of the original proprietors of that
town, from where Capt. Medad Hitchcock
removed to Westfield in 1805 and there
buih the first grist and saw mill and the first
frame barn, the latter serving as church and
schoolhouse for a tirae.
The Hitchcock faraily have always been
prorainent in Westfield, and no raeraber
more so than A. C. Hitchcock, whose edu
cation was received in the public schools.
His father died when he was seventeen
years old and on hira devolved rauch re
sponsibihty (ably borne) as the eldest of a
family of six. Mr. Hitchcock has devoted

HOBART.

19s

AARON CHARLES HITCHCOCK.

his life mainly to agricultural pursuits and
was a pioneer in fruit growing in his section,
and as a farmer and business man has been
eminently successful. He is a large owner
of real estate in Orleans county and also in
Iowa and Dakota. In 1873 he purchased a
half interest in a general store at Troy for
his son Edward and a year later bought out
the other partner. This property, however,
he sold after his son's death.
He was married March 12, 1849, to Cal-
ista L., daughter of Johnathan and Lydia
(RoweU ) Jenkins of Kirby, who is a direct
descendant of the faraous Hannah Dustin.
They have had three children : Charles S.
{deceased), Edward A. (deceased), Erama
C. (Mrs. Hiram O. Miller).

Since the formation of the Repubhcan
party, Mr. Hitchcock has been a sturdy ad
herent of the sarae, and, while in no sense a
politician, he has often been called upon to
serve his town. In i860 and 1861 he was
fitly chosen to represent Westfield in the
state Legislature and at the special session in
April, 1 86 1. He has been a trustee of the
\'\'estfield graramar school since its incor
poration and for thirty years was its treasurer
and one of the prudential committee. At
the age of twenty-five he becarae an active
member of the Congregational church to
which he has been a most liberal contributor
and supporter, always active in Sunday
school work and taking much interest in
horae and foreign missions.
The success of Mr. Hitchcock in the
course of a long and active career has been
the result of his personal energy, coramon
sense, and natural good judgraent.
HOBART, John White, of St Albans,
son of Thoraas S. and Mary (Packard) Hob
art, was born in Randolph, August 23, 1829.
The subject of this sketch is of EngUsh
descent, and was educated at Orange county
graramar school, and at Thetford Acaderay,
under the tuition of Hiram B. Orcutt. The
traits of character which were to bring suc
cess to young Hobart early manifested them
selves, and before reaching man's estate he
was fighting the battie of hfe unaided. At
the age of eighteen he entered the employ
ment of the Vermont Central Railroad in the
train department. In 1848, several raonths
before the road was completed, and during
the period of this employment, he had more
or less to do with the construction of the
Une. In 1849 the road was opened to Mont
pelier on the 4th of July of that year, and
Mr. Hobart was appointed station agent at
the Capital. Ten years of faithful service in
this capacity was rewarded by a further
recognition of his abihty and usefulness, and
in March, 1859, hewas raade master of trans
portation. This position he held fourteen
years, and at its close had completed a
quarter of a century of active service for the
Verraont Central corporation, commencing
his second quarter as general superintendent
of the road and its leased lines in 1873. The
growth of the road, and its extension by
branch roads built, and other roads leased,
furnished a large field, requiring more ex
tended supervision, and in 1883 Mr. Hobart
was raade general manager of the Central
Vermont system.
Continued application will teU on the
strongest constitution, and though capable
of more physical endurance than the average
man, Mr. Hobart had to succomb to ira
paired health, and on June i, 1891, for that

196

HOBART.

HOBSON.

reason, resigned his position, after having
been in the eraployment of the company
forty-three years.
During a large part of the period of his
service as general superintendent and gen
eral manager, the railroad management was
harassed by vexatious htigation, extending
over a long period, and making heavy de
mands on the tirae and abUity of the presi
dent, the late ex-Governor John Gregory
Sraith, and compelUng him to depend
largely, and at times entirely, upon his gen
eral superintendent and manager in aU affairs
connected with the operations of the rail
road ; how thoroughly and ably the many

Jacobs (Lyraan) Howe. They have one
son : Norman L.
He never aspired to any poUtical office
though in 1870 he was elected a member of
the Constitutional Convention.
He is a member of the several local
branches of the Masonic fraternity, and was
district deputy grand master for a term.
Mr. Hobart is associated with many of
the local enterprises in the town of St.
Albans, to which his well-balanced judgment
and business instincts are a tower of strength.
He is a member of St. Luke's Episcopal
Church, and a generous contributor to its
support. His genial disposition and uni
versal courtesy makes him essentially a man
of the people. No corporation ever had a
manager who so generally commanded the
esteem of aU classes of employes.

JOHN WHITE HOBART.

duties of the latter were performed is shown
by its prosperity, notwithstanding it was so
heavily handicapped during that period, a
prosperity that John W. Hobart helped to
raake possible.
His reputation as an able railroad raan
ager has extended far beyond the borders of
his native state, and he has several times
received offers from corporations, notably
the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, and the
New Orleans & Mobile. These offers with
large salaries connected with them would
have persuaded many less unselfish natures,
but through them all his loyalty to the old
Central Vermont never swerved, nor his love
for the Green Mountain state in which he
was content to pass his life.
He was married in Royalton, Jan. 18, 1853,
to Mary Jane, daughter of Luther and Mary

HOBSON, Samuel Decatur, of island
Pond, son of Samuel and Hannah (Sawyer)
Hobson, was born in HolUs, Me., Oct. 5,
1830. Mr. Hobson is of English descent and was
educated in the comraon schools and at Lim
erick Academy. In 1852, he removed to
Island Pond, and aided in the erection of the
first building in the village. He continued
the business of builder and contractor until
1857, when he was engaged by Isaac Dyer,
of Portiand, as foreman of his mill and lum
ber business, and he remained with him two
years, when he becarae the agent of St. John
Smith of the same place, whose interest he
soon purchased. After continuing here for
three years Mr. Hobson bought the Wood
bury MiUs at East Brighton in 1886, and
"Hobson's MiUs" has since that time been
his residence, until, in 1890, he removed to
Island Pond, and his sons have been associa
ted with him. In addition to their regular
trade, they raaintain an extensive mercantile
establishment and carry on a large stock
farm. Mr. Hobson was united in marriage in
January, 1854, to Mary E., daughter of Eben
and Sarah (Haley) Sawyer, of HolUs, Me.
To them have been born : Harry Howard,
Helen M. (Mrs. K. B. Fletcher, Jr., of Lan
caster, N. H.), John E. (deceased), Eugene
F., Sarah M., Albion W., Mary C, and Elsie G.
Mr. Hobson is an active and influential
Republican. Having performed the duties of
the various town ofifices he was chosen to the
Legislature in 1856, and again in 1882 and
1883. The foUowing year he was elected
to the Senate from Essex county and was
appointed by Governor DiUingham a mem
ber of the comraitte to locate the new state
asylum for the insane. In i860 he received
the honor of an election as assistant judge of
the county court.

HOLBROOK.

HOLBROOK.

197

Judge Hobson is a Uberal and pubhc-spir
ited raan of strong teraperance views and a
consistent member of the M. E. Church. He
possesses good judgment and remarkable en
ergy, in consequence of which he has been
financially successful.
HOLBROOK, Arthur T., of Leming-
ton, son of Thomas P. and Olive (Bufifington)
Holbrook, was born Nov. 8, 1839, in Leming-
ton. His father, Thomas, came to Lemington
frora Belchertown, Mass., as one of the earli
est settlers, in 1805. Here in the corapara
tive wilderness he reared, amid his rough
surroundings, a family of eighteen sturdy
children, who though accustomed to hard
ships and toil from early infancy, all lived to
raaturity. Arthur attended the schools of his native
town and the neighboring academy of Cole-
brook, N. H., when not engaged in labor
on the farm. He now is in possession of a
fine fertile estate, embracing six hundred and
forty acres, which he manages with great
abiUty, producing two tons of maple sugar
annually. A dutiful son, he has remained
upon this farra his whole life long, and
cherished the dechning years of his father
who died in 1873, at the ripe old
age of eighty-eight ; and of his mother who
still survives, and though nearly four score
and ten, is a pleasant and intelligent old
lady, retaining fuU possession of her mental
faculties. Mr. Holbrook is a prominent Repubhcan,
but though Uving in a Democratic town, has
been pronounced worthy of alraost aU the
ofifices in its gift, and was complimented by
an election to the Legislature in 1874. He
has also been called upon to fiU the responsi
ble position of justice of the peace and town
clerk for thirty and twenty years respectively,
while his assistance has been frequently
sought in setthng estates. In 1870 he was a
member of the Constitutional Convention.
He was married in Colebrook, Jan. 17,
1880, to Marial C, daughter of Judge Elias
and Clarissa (Sraith) Lyman. Two children
have blessed their union : Maude Lyraan, and
Harold Arthur.
Mr. Holbrook is a raeraber of the Patrons
of Husbandry. He is independent in his
judgraent, honest, moral, industrious. Of
frank and hospitable nature, one is always
assured of a hearty welcome in his pleasant
and corafortable home.
HOLBROOK, JOHN, late of Brattle
boro, son of John and SybU (Lane) Hol
brook, was born in Weymouth, Mass., July
10, 1761, and soon after he became of age
moved to Newfane (reporting himself to
Hon. Luke Knowlton, who assisted him to
employment as a land surveyor, as he had

been taught drawing and the surveyor's art
by British officers stationed at Dorchester
Heights). Young Holbrook ran town and
division lines in the vicinity of Newfane
hiU. At the age of twenty-five he married
Sarah, daughter of Luke and Sarah (Hol
land) Knowlton. Luke Knowlton was one
of the first judges of the Suprerae Court of
Vermont, and was one of the very earliest
settlers, coraing frora Shrewsbury, Mass.,
where raost of his family were born.
At that time the settlers sought high ele
vations in order to protect themselves from
roaming Indians who were wont to attack
frora arabush along the valleys, and also to
escape the malarial fevers. Mr. Holbrook
soon opened a small general store in the L
of what is now about the only house left of

JOHN HOLBROOK.

the early ones built on Newfane hiU. He
took his produce and articles of barter on
pack-horses over a bridle path defined by
raarked trees along the West River valley
down through Brattleboro, then unsettled, to
Greenfield, where they were exchanged for
dry goods and groceries. After accuraulat-
ing his first thousand dollars he raoved to
Brattleboro, buying the old miUs which
stood where Hines & Newman afterward
buUt their shop, and also buying the house
which is now known as the American House,
of which his faraily occupied a part, he
opening a country store in the other part.
He finally formed business relations with

HOLBROOK.

HOLBROOK.

David Porter, a leading merchant in Hart
ford, Conn., under the firm name of Porter
& Holbrook at Hartford, and Holbrook &
Porter at Brattleboro. Mr. Holbrook was
one of the original directors of the old
Phoenix Bank of Hartford, and is said to
have brought the first bank notes here for
circulation. He started the first flat bottom
boats on the Connecticut river betweefi here
and Hartford, and for many years these
boats were the principal raeans of exchang
ing heavy freights with the seaboard. He
also buUt a slaughter house on the island
across the river, where large quantities of
beef, pork, haras and tongues were cured
for market, and which were sent raainly to
the West Indies by the Hartford firra in ex
change for goods of that country. About
the year 1809 he sold his property to
Francis Goodhue, who carae to Brattleboro
frora Wethersfield.
Mr. Holbrook removed to Warehouse
Point, Conn., where he lived for two or
three years or until the death of his son-in-
law, William Fessenden, who left a small
family and an extensive business, which
made it necessary for Mr. Holbrook to re
turn and assume charge of the concern,
which he subsequently extended and enlarged
after taking as a partner Joseph Fessenden,
brother of William, and, under the firm
name of Holbrook & Fessenden, the busi
ness was continued for raany years. In
1 794 Mr. Holbrook was appointed post
raaster and served tiU July i, 1804. At the
age of sixty, he retired frora active business
and built a house for his own occupancy on
extensive grounds in the north part of the
village, where for the reraainder of his life
he devoted himself to fancy gardening and
to the beautifying and cultivation of his
home farm. Fie was the second raember of
the original board of trustees of the Ver
mont Asylum under the Marsh bequests, and
died in office in 1838.
HOLBROOK, FREDERICK, of Brattle
boro, ex-Governor of Vermont, was born in
East Windsor, Gonn., Feb. 15, 1813. His
father was John Holbrook. [See preceding
sketch.] Frederick Holbrook received a sound Eng
hsh education in the progress of which he
devoted rauch attention to raatheraatics. For
two years he was a dihgent student at the
Berkshire Gymnasium, Pittsfield, Mass., an
institution then under the direction of Pro
fessor Dewey, and held by many to be the best
private school in the country at that time.
When twenty years of age he crossed the
Atlantic to obtain the advantage of a Euro
pean tour. Returning home in 1833, he set-
tied in Brattieboro and confined his energies
mainly to agricultural pursuits.

Frederick Holbrook was raarried on the
13th of January, 1835, to Harriet, daughter
of Joseph ancl Sarah (Edwards) Goodhue of
Brattleboro. Their children are : FrankUn
F., WilUara C. [see following sketch], and
John. Public ofificial life with Mr. Holbrook be
gan in 1847, when he was elected register of
probate for the district of Marlboro. In
1850 he was chosen to the presidency of the
Vermont State Agricultural Society, of which
he was one of the founders. The first ad
dress delivered before the association was'
frora his lips. Eight consecutive annual-
elections followed his first elevation to that
most useful and honorable post. In 1849
and 1850 he was returned to the state Senate
as the representative of his feUow-citizens in
Windham county. A\'hile a member of the
Senate, and acting as chairman of a special
committee on agriculture, he proposed and
prepared a memorial to Congress setting
forth the usefulness and urging the estabUsh
ment of a National Bureau of Agriculture..
The project received the indorsement and
commendation of the President of the United
States in his message to Congress. It was
no less favorably received by the representa-:
tives of the several states, and by their action,
approved by the chief raagistrate, the depart
ment of agriculture soon passed from the-
domain of possibility into that of reaUty.
His essays and other writings for the agri
cultural press for several years first attracted
public attention to hira. His style of writ
ing, the result of careful training in the for
mation of good composition, and clear, con
cise statement, was said to be graceful and
forceful, and, later on, conspicuous in his
state papers and ofificial correspondence.
Qualities so useful and pubhc service so
beneficial naturally led to Mr. Holbrook's
ele\ation to the gubernatorial chair of Ver
mont In 1 86 1 he was placed therein by a
gratifying raajority of votes. The choice was
one of special honor to the subject, inasmuch
as the tirae was one of the darkest and most
portentous in the whole of our national his
tory. Responsibilities of the gravest char
acter de-\'olved upon the executive head of
the state and burdensome and incessant labor
was required of him.
While Governor of Verraont Mr. Holbrook'
was called upon to assist in devising means
for the preservation of injured Union sol
diers. Under his guidance Vermont was the
first state in the Union to provide hospitals
for its soldiers. Thereby many were saved
from sinking into untimely graves. There
were no precedents to guide action. Good
practical sense alone availed to work out the
problera. But few raistakes attended the
atterapted solution, and briUiant success
crowned it in the outcome.

^^^j^^^^^^^^JW^^^^ ^^s/z>-/'-^^/^2r^a-A

I. ;

200

HOLBROOK.

HOLDEN.

Since he was Governor he has decUned
aU overtures of public ofifice, preferring the
quiet, honored, and eminently useful life he
is now leading. As an authority on many
and diverse subjects, his opinions are eagerly
sought and largely followed by an ever-
widening circle of friends and acquaintances.
Appointments from general government
have sought his acceptance, but have been
declined. Never an ofifice-seeker, and com
paratively seldom an ofifice-accepter, when
ever he has been persuaded to don the ofificial
harness he has always been noted for the
efficiency, thoroughness and beneficence of
his work. The best ends, the wisest raeans
to the ends, and the highest rule of action
have entered into aU his meditations, plans,
and deeds of pubUc activity.
Chairraan of the board of trustees of the
Vermont Asylura for the past forty years, he
has incessantly sought the best good of the
patients and the best welfare of the institu
tion. Legislator, Governor, and pubUc ben
efactor, his career has been one of dutiful,
loving UtiUty. In the tranquil but prolific
department of agriculture his position, if
vacated, would be extremely difficult to fiU.
HOLBROOK, William C, of New
York, son of Frederick and Harriet (Good
hue) Holbrook, was born in Brattleboro,
July 14, 1842.
He comraenced his education in the pub
Uc schools of Brattleboro, and afterwards at
tended a private school for boys under the
charge of the Rev. Addison Brown. He first
engaged in mercantile pursuits in Boston,
Mass. Returning to Brattleboro on the out
break of the war of the rebelUon, and enlisting
as private in Co. F, 4th Vt. Vols., he accompa
nied that regiment to Washington as ist heu
tenant, and was shortly afterwards made act
ing adjutant. Subsequently he was promoted
to major of the 7th Vt. Vols., which organi
zation he accompanied to Ship Island, Miss.,
and was commissioned colonel of the com
mand in August, 1862. He served as such
and as brigade commander until after the sur
render of aU the rebel armies. Colonel Hol
brook actively participated in sieges and the
batties of Vicksburg, Grand Gulf, Baton
Rouge, Jackson's Bridge, Gonzales Station,
Spanish Fort, Blakely, Whistier and Mobile,
and he re-enlisted in the 7th Regt. for three
additional years service or for the war on the
expiration of its first term of service.
At the close of the struggle he entered the
Cambridge Law School and began there the
study of law. In 1868 he went to New York
City, was there admitted to the bar and has
since been actively engaged in the practice
of the law. He has also been adraitted a
raember of the bar of Windham county, and
of the circuit and district courts of the United

States, of various departments in New York
New Jersey, and Western Pennsylvania.
Colonel Holbrook was married in New
Y'ork City, Jan. 17, 1872, to Anna Morrison,
daughter of Thomas and Margaret Chalmers.
Three children are issue of the union : Mar
garet Chalmers, Marion Goodhue, and Chal
mers. Colonel Holbrook is allied with numerous
civil and military social organizations, among
which raay be named Sedgwick Post, No. 8

WILLIAM C. HOLBROOK.
of Brattleboro, G. A. R., the military order of
the Loyal Legion, the societies of the Army
of the Potomac, of the Ofificers and Soldiers
4th Vt. Vols., of the \\'indham County Veter
ans, of the Windsor County Veterans, of the
19th Army Corps, of the Vt. Ofificers, of the
Veteran Ofificers and Soldiers of the 7th Vt.
Y'ols. Of the three last named he either is,
or has been, president. He also belongs to
the Association of the Bar of the City of New
Y'ork, and is a life raeraber of the New Eng
land Society of that city.
HOLDEN, Charles Reed, of Holden,
son of Fitch and Chloe (Todd) Holden, was
born in Mt. Holly, June 3, 1840.
After the customary pubhc school educa
tion he pursued a course of study at the
Springfield Methodist Seminary, after which
he went to Illinois, following the occupation
of farmer and stock raiser for six years.
Though meeting with success, he returned
to the East in 1865, where after a temporary
residence in several towns, he finally settled

HOLDEN.

HOLDEN.

in Chittenden, and there has engaged ex
tensively in the lumber trade, paying sorae
attention also to agriculture. So highly has
Mr. Holden been esteemed in the coraraun
ity where he resides that when the U. S.
governraent established a new postofifice in
that part of the township known as North
Chittenden, it received the titie of Holden
as a deserved compUment to him.
He espoused, June 4, 1859, M. Ellen,
daughter of Beeman and Rhoana Bixby,
from which connection have sprung : Jennie
May, Charles R., Jr., Agnes J., Ada R., Ottie
L., and Guy B.
Mr. Holden has passed through the rou
tine of office in his town and represented
Chittenden in 1878, giving his services to
the coraraittees on elections and debentures.
HOLDEN, James Henry, late of Mid
dlesex, son of Elijah and Orpha (Steele)
Holden, was born in Middlesex, May 26,
1829. His father afterwards raoved to Barre and
then to Waitsfield, and James, whose educa
tion was limited to the comraon schools of
those towns,by taking advantage to the utraost

JAMES HENRY HOLDEN.

of his opportunities was enabled to raaster aU
the branches there taught. He became a
fine penman and a good bookkeeper. He
also gave rauch attention to music, and for
many years was leader of the choir in his
native village. Remaining upon his father's
farra in Waitsfield until his majority, he was
for seven years afterwards employed as a

clerk in Waitsfield, and Danvers, Mass. In
1856 he coraraenced business for himself in
Middlesex, in which he continued for thirty-
two years, until the time of his death, en
gaging in various partnerships during that
time. Always honest and conscientious in
his dealings he retained the confidence and
respect of all his customers during his whole
business career, and was the leading mer
chant of that town.
In his early years he joined the Repub
lican party in which he acted a prorainent
part during the rest of his life. He repre
sented the town of Middlesex in the Legis
lature of i860, and from 1872 to 1876 was
assistant judge of the county court. Judge
Holden was selectman of the town during
the period of the war, and rendered good
service to his country in enlisting and send
ing soldiers to the front. He has frequently
acted on town and county committees, and
was for two years county commissioner under
the prohibition law of the state. For more
than twenty years he was postmaster at Mid
dlesex, and in every position of pubhc trust
proved himself a capable and faithful steward
of the people.
An active member of the Masonic lodges
at Moretown and Waterbury, he was buried
with the customary funeral ceremonies of
the order. He was a member and a worthy
chief of the Good Teraplars, and in aU moral,
social, and benevolent enterprises in the
town he gave freely his time, his talent, and
his money.
Judge Holden married at Fayston, July
16, 1855, Catherine, daughter of EU and
Pluma (Sherraan) Bruce, frora which union
there were : Pluraa Eliza (Mrs. J. E. Good-
enough of MontpeUer), WilUara Allen (de
ceased), and Jaraes Harry.
HOLDEN, Sylvanus Marsh, of South
Londonderry, son of Philemon and Sally
(Faulkner) Holden, was born in London
derry, Feb. 14, 1838.
His education was received in the com
raon schools of Londonderry and at the
West River Academy, from which he gradu
ated in 1858. After leaving school he
remained on the homestead until i860, when
he went to Brattleboro and learned the trade
of a jeweler. In 1861 he started in this busi
ness at South Londonderry, continuing untU
1865, when he comraenced to deal in general
merchandise, and was thus employed until
1 87 1. He then bought the farra where he
has since resided, devoting himself to agri
culture and dealing in cattle and real estate.
He is now also conducting a farm in Lon-
,donderry, where he has started a general
merchandise store in addition to his agricul
tural operations, and is now the possessor of
a large property in South Dakota.

HOLDEN.

HOLLAND.

He has served his town as chairraan of
hsters for ten years, beginning in 1881, and
as justice of the peace for the past six years.
Mr. Holden was raarried, Nov. 28, 1861,
at North Adams, Mass., to EUen S., daughter
of Thomas and Mary (Wiley) Jaquith.
There were born to them three children ;
WiUie S. (deceased), Archie W. (deceased),
and Arthur H.
HOLDEN, ORSEMOR S., of FelchviUe,
son of Joel and Priscilla (Whitmore) Holden,
was born in Reading, July 30, 1843.
He received the school advantages of his
native town. His father died when he was
only seven years of age. From his father's
faraily he inherited a rare taste and gift for
rausic, which he has cultivated during his
whole life, and of this accomplishment he
has availed himself at tiraes to earn his liv
ing. For about twenty-eight years he has
followed the occupation of a house, sign and
carriage painter, though he has meanwhile
traveled extensively with concert troupes.
In 1864 he commenced an engageraent with
Whitraore & Clark's Minstrels during their
seasons, and, this lasted five years. Mr. Hol
den is a popular ballad singer, possessing a
baritone voice of great compass and power.
He enlisted three times during the civil
war, but could not pass the medical-
examination. He has received his degrees in Mt. Sinai
Lodge, No. 22, I. O. O. F. of ProctorsviUe.
He is an earnest member of the Republi
can party ; has been eight years justice of
the peace, and ten years a selectman, eight
years chairman of the board. He has been
twice elected to the Legislature from Read
ing, in 1886 and 1890, serving on the com
mittee on claims. He is now road commis
sioner, town agent and auditor.
He contracted marriage July 2, 1873, with
J. Ella, daughter of Sarauel H. and Julia A.
(Spaulding) Nutting of Andover.
HOLDEN, JOHN Stedman, of Ben
nington, son of Lewis and Eliza A. (How-
let) Holden, was born in Charlton, Mass.,
May 9, 1845.
He was educated in the public schools of
Charlton but was sent to Nichols Acaderay
at Dudley, when sixteen years of age ; and
afterwards entered upon a course of study at
the Weslyan Acaderay, Wilbraham, Mass.,
and finally graduated from Poughkeepsie
Business College.
The business experience of Mr. Holden
has been widely varied. When nineteen he
was employed as a clerk in Hartford, Conn.,
and for two years engaged in the roofing
business in that city ; he next served three
years on the police force of Hartford.
Abandoning this occupation in 187 1, he

entered into a copartnership with his brother
to trade in general merchandise at Palmer
Mass., under the firm name of H. P. & J. s!
Holden, and whUe here they established two-
branch stores. This connection was dis
solved in 1879, when Mr. J. S. Holden
established himself in the oU businesss at
MiUer's Farm, near Titusville, Pa., where he
purchased the Crystal OU Works and manu
factured refined oU, but in 1880 sold this
property to the Standard OU Co., and then
for two years did a wholesale trade in this
article. He then erected woolen mills at
Palraer, Mass., which he operated till 1889
when he sold the establishraent, bought the
Hunt & Tillinghast woolen mills at Ben
nington, and entered into partnership with
Charles W. and George F. Leonard under
the firra name of Holden, Leonard & Co.
Here they employ about three hundred
hands during all the year in the manufact
ure of woolens, and in connection with this
they have a large store. Mr. Holden has
large interests in tenement house property
in Palmer, Mass., and is president of a wire
corapany in that town. He also is a direc
tor in the Bennington County National Bank
and its vice-president.
He is a raember of the Congregational
church and an ardent supporter of the Ben
nington Y. M. C. A.
Belonging to the Republican party he was
chairman of the committee of that organiza
tion in Palmer. He is trustee of the village
of Bennington, a thorough protectionist, and
though interested in politics, has no desire
for ofificial positions.
He was married Oct. 21, 1868, to Jennie
G., daughter of Cyrus and Almha (Burr)
GoodeU of Hartford, Conn. Five children
have been born to them : Arthur J., Alice A.,
Lula J., Florence E., and Clarence L.
HOLLAND, Emerson, of vergennes,
son of Stephen and Achsa R. (Bixby) Hol
land, was born in Hinsdale, Mass., May 21,
1829. He received a good education by attend
ing the common schools of Panton, to which
town his parents raoved when he was yet,
young. Later he attended a private classical
school at Vergennes, and the academy at St.
Albans. He spent the years 1854 and 1855 'D
Kalamazoo, Mich., as a clerk in a store and
warehouse. When his father died, he was
obliged to return and has since been a farmer
and surveyor, and as both has been actively
employed. He holds many positions of trust
and has assisted by appointment of probate
court in settUng fifty-six estates.
In politics Mr. Holland is a Republican
and has held various town ofifices. He was
town treasurer for seventeen years and nve

\

204

HOLTON.

HOLTON.

years selectman, after which he resigned. He
represented Panton in 1864 and 1865, and
served as chairman of the committee on mile
age and debentures. He was census enum
erator for Panton and Walthara in 1890. In
1892 he was elected associate judge for
Addison county.
Judge Holland is unmarried, and his sister,
Jessie M., presides over his household at the
old homestead.
Judge Holland has a good library of classi
cal works. He has raade a raost conservative
record in the positions of honor which he
has held, but is a quiet, unassuming man and
despises office-seeking. He is of a dignified
bearing, and though naturally reserved is
friendly and sincere in his relations, and is
one of the able and respected men of Addi
son county.
HOLTON, Charles O., of Canaan,
son of John and Abbie (Morse) Holton, was
born in Charleston, Jan. 8, 1855.
His early educational advantages were hm
ited to the opportunities afforded by the com
mon schools of Charleston.

CHARLES U. HOLTON.
^ After laboring on his father's farm till he
was twenty years of age, he grew interested
in the art of photography and practiced it in
Charleston and later on in Sherbrook, P. Q.,
and North Troy. In 1875 he was employee^
in reproducing and enlarging pictures at the,-
Centennial exposition in the city ofVhikdeb
phia. He then returned to Charleston and
engaged in the drug business with his brother.

In 1880 he reraoved to Canaan, where not
withstanding his limited capital, he has stead
ily prospered in business, addi'ng to his orig
inal trade the sale of jewelry, silverware and
fancy goods.
Mr. Holton has served as town clerk and
superintendent of the schools and in 1872
was complimented by an election to the
state Legislature.
He was married Dec. 11, 1879, to Ida M.
daughter of George W., and Mary (Green)
Hamilton of Charleston. They have one
child : Neil.
HOLTON, Henry Dwight, of Brattie
boro, son of Ehhu D. and Nancy (Grout)
Holton, was born at Saxton's River, July 24
1838. Having prepared himself for coUege, he
decided to forego the regular collegiate
course and to at once enter into the profes
sion he had chosen for himself; therefore he
immediately began to study the theory and
application of medicine under the tuition of
Dr. H. J. Warren of Boston. Subsequently
he continued under Professors Valentine
and A. B. Mott, in New York, and also at
tended the lectures in the medical depart
ment of the University of New York, from
which he graduated in March, i860. .4fter
his graduation, Dr. Holton went to Brook
lyn, N. Y., where for six months he acted as
physician to the 'Williamsburg Dispensary.
In Noveraber, i860, he removed to Putney
from whence, after seven years successful
practice, he went to Brattleboro where he
located permanently.
Being always a firm believer in. the bene
fits accruing from the association of medical
practitioners. Dr. Holton, in 1861, became a
member of the Connecticut River Valley
Medical Association ; in the year following
he was made its secretary, a position ably
fiUed by hira for five years, when he was
elected president. In 1873 he was elected
president of the '\'erraont Medical Society,
which he entered in 1861, and of which he
was a censor for several years. In 1864 Dr,
Holton becarae a raeraber of the American
Medical Association and was elected to its
vice-presidency in 1880. During the ses
sion he was made a member of the judicial
council to which was submUted for arbitra
tion aU questions concerning professional
ethics. He was sent as a delegate to the
International Medical Congress held at
Brussels in 1875. WhUe abroad, during a
visit to England, he was made a member of
the British Medical Association. He is also
a member of the American Public Health
Association and was elected its treasurer at
the meeting held in the city of Mexico in
1S92. He is also a member of the Boston

206

HOLTON.

HOLTON.

Gynaecological Society, and the New York
Therapeutical Society.
Dr. Holton is the recipient of many grati
fying testimonials to his raedical erudition
and skill, not only from raedical associa
tions, but also from the authorities of his
own state. In 1873 he was appointed medi
cal examiner to the Vermont Asylum for the
Insane, by the court ; and in the sarae year
he was elected by the Legislature one of the
trustees of the University of Verraont, in the
medical department of which institution he
was for some years professor of materia
medica and general pathology; and in 1881
he received frora the same institution the
honorary degree of A. M.
Dr. Holton has been an extensive trav
eler in both the Eastern and Western
Hemispheres. In 187 1 he crossed the con
tinent to San Francisco in order to attend a
meeting of the Araerican Medical Associa
tion, at which he was elected to membership
in the Rocky Mountain Medical Association.
He has been a frequent contributor to
current medical literature and his essays in
turn have been published in various raedical
journals and in the transactions of the
societies. He reported " Mott's Cliniques "
for the press.
Dr. Holton has avoided that entire re
striction of active energy to one pursuit
which sometimes subjects individuals to the
charge of narrowness. For twenty years he
has been an active meraber of the Brattle
boro school board, and during a large por
tion of this time its chairraan. He was one
of the first trustees of the Brattleboro Free
Library ; has been a director of the Verraont
National Bank for fourteen years ; and presi
dent of the Brattleboro Gas Co. for twelve
years. Politically, Dr. Holton is a staunch Re
publican, and in 1884 was elected to the
state Senate frora Windham county, serving
in that body as chairman of the committee
on education, chairraan of the committee on
insane asylura, and a meraber of the joint
coramittee on the house of correction. In
1888 he was elected representative frora
Brattleboro to the General Asserably, where
he was a member of the committees on
education, ways and means and public
health. He served for three years as sur
geon of the 12th Regt. Vt. MUitia.
Dr. Holton was instrumental in the or
ganization, and is president of the board of
trustees of the Pan-American Medical Con
gress, which, under the patronage of the
governraent, raet in Washington in 1893.
(This organization was one of the most
important in the medical profession, and
was organized for the purpose of scientific
discussion and more intimate relations of
the raedical fraternity of the Western Hemi

sphere, and undoubtedly wiU have an indi
rect influence upon the political relations of
the United States and these countries.) He
was appointed commissioner for Vermont of
the Nicaragua Canal convention, held in
New Orleans in December, 1892; was also
one of the commissioners for Vermont of
the Columbian Exposition.
He is a raeraber of Brattleboro Lodge,
No. 102, F. and A. M.
He married, Nov. 19, 1862, Ellen Jane,
daughter of Theophilus and Mary Damon
(Chandler) Holt of Saxton's River. They
have one adopted daughter : (Mrs. Clifton
Sherman of Hartford, Conn.)
HOLTON, Joel Huntington, of
BurUngton, son of Erastus Alexander and
Hannah Brainard (May) Holton, was born
in Westminster, Nov. 15, 1841. He is a
direct descendant of Kenelm, brother of
Gov. Edward 'Winslow of the old Plymouth
colony.

JOEL HUNTINGTON HOLTON.

Mr. Holton obtained his education in the
schools of Westminster and the academies of
Barre. and West Brattleboro. In 1857 he
coramenced to learn the trade of a silver
plater and continued in this employment for
five years, when, prompted by his patriotic
impulses, he enlisted August 18, 1862, as
private in Co. I, 12 th Vt. Regt, in which
organization he was promoted to the grade
of sergeant, and served till the regiment was
raustered out, July 14, 1863.

HOOKER.

207

After his return from the army he was
employed as clerk in a hardware store at St.
Albans ; he then purchased a half interest in
a plating and saddlery concern at Derby
Line. In 1871 he removed to Burlington,
where he forraed a copartnership to do a
wholesale and retail trade in hardware, sad
dlery and builders' suppUes. He shortly
becarae sole proprietor in the wholesale
department, and is now the most extensive
hardware dealer in Vermont.
A staunch adherent of the Democratic
party, he has taken an active part in city
and state politics, has been the incumbent
of many iraportant offices, was elected alder
man from a strong Republican ward of the
city, and nominated for mayor in opposition
to the Hon. U. A. Woodbury.
Mr. Holton married, Oct. 29, 1863, Emma
J., daughter of Sylvester and Amanda (Far-
man) Diggins of Westrainster, who died
June 16, 1 88 1. Three children were the
fruit of their union: Frank E. (deceased),
Harry Sylvester, and Susie May. Mr. Holton
was again united in marriage, June 25, 1883,
to Kate E., daughter of Thomas W. and
Rebecca (Richardson) Wiley of Westrain
ster. He is commander of Stannard Post No. 2,
G. A. R., and is much interested in G. A. R.
work. He united with the Congregational
church of Burlington, and is now serving his
second term as raeraber of its prudential
coramittee.
HOOKER, George White, of Brat
tleboro, son of Sarauel S. and Esther (White)
Hooker, was born at Salem, N. Y., Feb. 6,
1838. He attended the common schools of Lon
donderry, and his scholastic education was
subsequently supplemented in the West
River Academy. Comraencing life as a
clerk, he continued at Londonderry and at
Bellows Falls, and then went to Boston as
traveling salesman.
In August, 186 1, he enlisted as a private
in Co. F, 4th Vt. Vols., and soon after he
was made sergeant-major. In the spring of
1862 he received the commission of 2d
lieutenant, and in the suraraer that of ist
lieutenant. After the battle of Antietam he
dechned a captaincy in the Une, and was
appointed to the staff of Gen. E. H. Stough
ton. Frora thence he was afterward trans
ferred to that of Gen. George J. Stannard.
In June, 1864, he was appointed assistant
adjutant-general- of volunteers by President
Lincoln, and held that position until raus
tered out, with the rank of Ueutenant-colonel
in 1865. After the triumphant close of the
struggle Colonel Hooker returned to Boston,
and traveled through the eastern and west
ern states. In the spring of 1876 he was ad

raitted as junior partner to the firra of WiUiara
Belden & Co., bankers and brokers, in New
York. In 1876 he reraoved to Brattleboro,
which has since been his home.
Colonel Hooker has very properly raani
fested patriotic interest in the political affairs
of his adopted state. In 1878 he was ap
pointed chief of staff with the rank of colonel,
by Governor Proctor. In 1880 he was a
delegate-at-large to the national RepubU
can convention in Chicago, and in the sarae
year was chosen a member of the national
Republican committee. In the faU of 1880
he was chosen to represent the citizens of
Brattleboro in the state Legislature, and re
elected in 1882. During the first session he
was unanimously elected judge-advocate-
general by the Legislature.
Colonel Hooker was chosen sergeant-at-
arras of the House of Representatives at the
beginning of the Forty-seventh Congress.
In 1879 he was elected departraent cora
mander of the Grand Army of the Republic
in Verraont, and was again elected in the
following year. He also received the unusual
compliment of nomination for the third
term, but positively dechned re-election.
Colonel Hooker was married on the 28th
of January, 1868, to Minnie G., daughter of
James and Love (Ryan) Fiske of Brattle
boro. One son is the fruit of their union :
James Fiske.
HOOPER, Marco B., of Fletcher, son
of John W. and Polly (HaU) Hooper, was
born in Bakersfield in 1837. John W. Hooper
was a soldier in the war of 181 2, and died
from the effect of wounds received in the
same. Marco was one of a family of twelve chil
dren and was left an orphan at the age of
seven years by the death of both his parents.
He was thus corapeUed in early youth to face
the hardships and difficulties that beset his
path, in which undertaking he had httle as
sistance frora educational facilities, as his ad
vantages in this respect were limited to the
district school. Soon after he was fourteen
he entered the employment of B. F. Bradley
of Fairfield to learn the carriage maker's
trade and he remained with him until 1861.
After a residence of some years in East Fair
field he went back to Fairfield and engaged
in business in Mr. Bradley's shops. Subse
quently he labored on a farm for eight years
in Fletcher. In 1885 he bought the house
and shops of the late S. E. Chase of Fletcher
and gave his attention to carriage repairs
and bucket manufacturing until 1892, since
which time, in conjunction with his sons, he
has occupied and cultivated a large farra in
the town.
Always a Republican since he cast his first
ballot for Abrahara Lincoln, Mr. Hooper was

208

HORTON.

HOWARD.

sent to the Legislature as the meraber frora
Fletcher in 1892 and served on the raanu
factures and distributing committees. He is
a Baptist in his rehgious faith.
He married, May 31, i860, Mary, daugh
ter of Joseph and Junia (Montague) Robin
son Fletcher, belonging to one of the oldest
famiUes of that place. A goodly faraily of
six sons have blessed their union : Elraer J.,
W. Burton, John W., H. Arthur, Samuel R.,
and Joel A.
HORTON, Edwin, of Chittenden, son
of John N. and Elsie (Potter) Horton, was
born in Clarendon, August 25, 1841.

town for three terms and in 1884 '"'as elect
ed senator from Rutland county, and served
on the committee on claims. In 1890 he was
again comphraented by an election as repre
sentative and in that session of the Legisla
ture his previous experience placed him at
once araong the leaders of the House.
Mr. Horton was married in Bethel, August
4, 1862, to EUen L., daughter of Zenias
and Harriet (Brown) Holbrook. Their
children are : Bertha A. (Mrs. Harley Baird
of South Boston), Fred E., Ida M. ( Mrs. D.
F. Spaulding of South Boston), and Hattie E.
When the war which imperiled the exist
ence of the Union comraenced Mr. Horton
although restrained by his parents was re
solved to participate in the struggle. He there
fore deserted towards the front and enlisted
in Troy, N. Y., June 15, 1861, serving for
one year in Co. G., 2 2d Regt., of that state
and in 1862 was discharged from the U. S.
service. ^Vhen the draft took place in 1863
Mr. Horton was the only one of the fifteen
drafted from the town whom fortune selected
to fight for their native land, to fulfill this
duty. He iraraediately joined the 4th Vt.
Regt., and saw hard service in the battles of
the Wilderness and at Petersburg and was
twice wounded while in action, but remained
with the regiment and was discharged when
the regiment was mustered out in 1865.
Mr. Horton has a large acquaintance
throughout the state and many friends. He
is a member of Roberts Post, G. A. R., of Rut
land, and of the society of Vermont Officers.
He has taken the vows of the Masonic order,
uniting with Otter Creek Blue Lodge, Daven
port Chapter and Council, and KilUngton
Commandery of Knights Templar, and Mt.
Sinai Teraple ; he is also a member of Kill
ington Lodge, Otter Creek Encampment, and
Canton Rutland of Odd FeUows.

EDWIN HORTON.

He was reared araong the usual surround
ings of the youth in his time, dividing his
time between an attendance at the common
and select schools of Clarendon and Black
River Acaderay of Ludlow, and labor upon the
paternal horaestead. Being desirous of a more
extended education than that afforded by the
course of study which he had pursued he de
voted rauch tirae to private research and read
ing. He settled in Chittenden in 1858, where
he has principally followed the calling of a
farraer, but has been obhged to devote rauch
tirae to those official duties which his upright
character and keen intelligence have brought
to him. He has held at various times different
town ofifices, especially that of lister. For
twenty-three years he served as constable and
collector, resigning these positions in 1893.
He was the Republican representative of the

HOWARD, Charles W., of Shore
ham, son of WUlard and Sarah (Page)
Howard, was born in Windham, Dec. 4,
1846. He was educated at the common schools
in Windham and afterward fitted for col
lege at Chester Acaderay. He entered Mid
dlebury CoUege in 1868 and graduated with
honors. In 1874 he received a degree from
the raedical departraent of the University
of Verraont at Buriington. During the next
year, he studied raedicine with Dr. Eddy of
Middlebury, and afterward, for a year, was
in the hospital at Hartford, Conn., remov
ing to Shoreham in 1875. From that time
he has applied himself to his professional
duties and built up a large practice. He
has risen from the condition of a poor boy
by steady work to that of a man of influence
and repute, while he has also acquired some
property.

HOWARD.

HOWARD.

209

Dr. Howard has no aspirations for politi
cal preferraent, but has held several ofifices,
serving continuously as town clerk since
t88i, and also as town treasurer. He has
been honored with the town superintendency
of schools since 1883, and has been a raem
ber of the coraraittee on the county board of
education.

CHARLES W. HOWARD.

He is highly esteemed by his citizens, not
a.s a church member or society man, but for
his true worth and high principles. He was
a member of the Delta UpsUon fraternity
during his college course, and is an atten
dant of the Congregational church.
On Nov. 28, 1876, in the town of Shore
ham, he was united in wedlock to Lottie N.,
daughter of Edwin B. and Naomi Douglass.
Frora this union is one daughter : Florence.
HOWARD, Henry Seymour, of Ben
son, son of Judson J. and Persis (Pierce)
Howard, was born in that town, Feb. 26,
1841. His education was obtained in the schools
of Benson, the Castleton Seminary, and from
a course at the high school at West Rutiand.
After the corapletion of his school training,
he taught school for a tirae, and being anx
ious to lend his personal aid in the defence
of his country's welfare, he enlisted, August
29, 1862, in the 14th Regt. Vt. Vols., and
was soon promoted to the grade of corporal.
He participated in all the hard service which
fell to the lot of his brigade. Upon his

return from the South, he was for a few years
employed in an estabhshment for the raanu
facture of flour, at Brandon, and in 1868 he
established hiraself in the hardware trade in
Benson, in which business he has continued
to the present tirae.
Mr. Howard was married in Benson, Sept.
13, 1864, to Eunice P., daughter of John and
Ruth (Pratt) Balis. Two children are the
fruit of this marriage : Judson BaUs, and Hal-
lie Maud.
Mr. Howard has been selectman, lister,
and is town clerk and notary public, besides
having held raany other offices of honor and
trust. As the candidate of a Republican con
stituency he represented Benson in the
House of Representatives in 1884, serving
on the committee on public buildings. He
was a charter member of Acacia Masonic
Lodge, No. 91, of Benson, in which he has
fiUed the chair of junior warden. He is also
a comrade of the G. A. R. For a quarter of
a century he has been a respected and hon
ored raember of the Congregational church,
and has long served as chorister in the soci
ety of this persuasion in Benson.

HENRY SEYMOUR HOWARD.

By his unquestioned sincerity, his honora
ble deahng in business and the pubhc spirit
which he has ever manifested when the prog
ress and welfare of his native place were in
question, he has won the respect of all his
friends and neighbors, and is considered a
leading and influential citizen of the state.

HOWARD.

HOWARD.

HOWARD, Roger S., was born in
North Thetford. Mr. Howard was educated
at the district schools of his native town and
at KimbaU Union Academy, Plainfield, N. H.
Being reared upon a farm he has naturaUy
followed that avocation, and has dealt largely
in lumber as a side issue.
Mr. Howard has afifiUated with the Demo
cratic party. Has been selectman of his
town for seven successive terms, and was
honored by his constituency with two elec
tions to the lower branch of the Legislature,
in 1884 and 1886, and took an active part
in the legislation of those sessions.
Mr. Howard married, March 5, 1868,
Kathere T., daughter of S. C. and Mary
(Reed) Taylor. Of this union is one son :
Frederick T.
He is prominently connected with the
Masonic fraternity and has taken the chap
ter degrees.
A man of sterling worth, Mr. Howard has
had the love and respect of the community
in which he has resided.
HOWARD, Walter E., of Middle
bury, son of William Bickford and Louisa
(Cilley) Howard, was born in Tunbridge,
May 29, 1849.

WALTER E. HOWARD.

Receiving his early education in the
Springfield Wesleyan and Leland and Gray
seminaries, he entered Middlebury CoUege,
from which he graduated in the class of
1871. After leaving this institution he foL
lowed the profession of a teacher and at the

same tirae studied law. In 1876 he was
appointed principal of the State Normal
School at Castleton, and five years later
began the practice of his profession in Fair
Haven. In 1889 Mr. Howard received the
appointment of professor of history and
political science at Middlebury College.
Always a strong Republican, he was sent
to the state Senate from Rutland county in
1882. In this body he served as chairman
of the special committee on amendments to
the state constitution, and was also a mem
ber of those on federal relations, education
and the library. Shortly afterwards he was
made U. S. Consul at Toronto, Can., and in
1892 received a similar appointment at
Cardiff, Wales. He represented the town of
Fair Haven in the Legislature of 1888, where
he was chairraan of the committee on elec
tions and a member of that on the judiciary.
In September, 1893, he resumed the profes
sorship of history and political science in
Middlebury College.
HOWARD, William Sumner, of Con
cord, son of James and Sarah (Adams) How
ard, was born in Ludlow, Sept. 7, 1822.
Educated in the public schools of Ludlow
and Concord, he made the best use of the
opportunities afforded him. Hisfather moved
to Concord and purchased the Howard home
stead when WiUiam was about fourteen years
old, and the son assisted the father in build
ing, clearing, and developing their estate.
Under his careful management, and by tak
ing advantage of all the resources in his
power, he has now one of the very best up
land farms in town, well supplied with every
modern appliance and excellent stock. Here
he has always resided, enjoying the fruits of
his energy and industry.
Always a Republican since the formation
of the party, such a man would naturally be
called upon to discharge the duties of various
town ofifices, and Mr. Howard has been
prominently connected with educational
affairs, serving as district clerk for more than
thirty years and for more than forty as trus
tee of the Essex county grammar school,
founded by Rev. Samuel Reed Hall as a nor
raal school, the oldest in the United States.
Mr. Howard was a charter member of Es
sex Grange P. of H. of West Concord.
He was united in wedlock, June 8, 1843,
to Lucinda F., daughter of WilUam and Ra
chel (Wilcox) Gorhamof Kirby, and of this
union there are issue : William Elmore,
George S., and Mary Elizabeth (Mrs. L'VV.
Macam of Moncton, N. B.). ,
HOWE, Elhanan Winchester, of
Northfield, was the son of Joel and Rebecca
(Wakefield) Howe, and was born in the town
of Winhall, March 2, 1825.

HOWE.

HOWE.

He was one of a family of fifteen children,
and as his parents were poor he had to push
his way in hfe unaided and alone. He re-
-ceived his education in the coramon schools
in the town of Manchester.
He commenced the marble business in
South Dorset in 1853 and continued the
same at Northfield in the firm of Howe &
Sawyer. He also was interested in an enter
prise of the same nature at Montpelier. In
i860 he formed a business alliance with

aged to surmount, a practical education in the
schools of Clarendon and Troy Conference
Academy of Poultney. Subsequentiy he taught
school and while teaching studied and im
proved his opportunities. For some time
he was engaged in farming in Clarendon and
WaUingford, but moved to Mt. Tabor in 1854.
Mr. Howe has served with credit in vari
ous ofificial capacities, first as an old-time
whig and later as a loyal RepubUcan. His
residence in the town has seen him hster,
town clerk, constable, collector, selectman
and deputy sheriff". He has done good ser
vice as town representative in four different
sessions, 1856, 1861, 1863, 1864, acting on
iraportant committees and finally was deeraed
worthy of a seat in the state Senate in 1874,
where he was a meraber of the agricultural
and general coraraittees.
He is aUied both to the order of Free
Masons and Odd FeUows.

ELHANAN WINCHESTER HOWE.
•George W. Soper, and later becarae a part
ner in the firm of F. L. Howe & Co. at
Northfield, which at present is one of the
most prominent in the state, carrying a very
large stock of ornamental work.
Mr. Howe was married in Dorset, July 3,
1848, to Miss PameUa J., daughter of John
-C. L. and EUza (ViaU) Soper. Their chUdren
.are : F'rank L., Wilbur C, and Helen M.
Mr. Howe was appointed postraaster at
South Dorset in 1850 and held the office
five years. He has served as deputy sheriff
•of Washington county for twenty years, and
has been its sheriff since 1890. He has ever
been a strictiy temperate raan, and has proved
a rehable and efficient ofiicer in the enforce-
raent of the law. As a Master Mason he is
•affiliated to DeWitt CUnton Lodge, No. 15.
HOWE, LUTHER Proctor, of Danby,
son of Joseph and OUve (Scott) Howe, was
born in Ludlow, Jan. 6, 1821.
Descended from a well-known ancestry, he
obtained, despite difiiculties which he man-

LUTHER PROCTOR HOWE,
He married at Clarendon, Oct 23, 1845,
Mary Ann, daughter of Ozial H. and Avice
(Harrington) Round. To them were born :
Addie (Mrs. Joel C. Baker), and Charles
Luther. November 2, 1865, he formed a
second alUance with Helen Maria, daughter
of Judge Austin and Betsey M. Baker. They
have one son ; Luther Proctor, Jr.
HOWE, Marshall Otis, of Newfane,
son of Otis and Sally (Marsh) Howe, was
born in Wardsboro, Oct. 4, 1832.
His early education was acquired at the
district school, supplemented by a few terras

HOWE.

HOWLAND.

at the academy. In early life he read sev
eral of the standard elementary treatises on
law and civil government. He has a general
knowledge of the leading branches of the
natural sciences, and has made a collection
of minerals, grasses, etc. He was agricul
tural editor of the Vermont Phrenix frora
1880 to 1890, and has been a paid writer

MASHALL OTIS HOWE.

for other publications. An article corapar
ing, according to the census statistics, the
agricultural products of Verraont with those
of other eastern states and the leading agri
cultural states of the West, which he con
tributed to the New Y'ork Tribune, showed
a surprisingly favorable result for Vermont,
and the article was copied and commented
upon by nearly aU the papers in the state.
Mr. Howe has since more fully elaborated
the coraparative statistics of Vermont pro
duction in many newspaper contributions,
and in vols. Ill and XI of the reports of the
Verraont Board of .\griculture. He has
treated of the "Past and the Present Pro
ducts of the Soil" in vol. V of the Vermont
agricultural reports.
Mr. Howe has been a school superin
tendent for nine years, and now holds that
office in the town of Newfane. He has been
for many years statistical correspondent of
the department of agriculture for W'indham
county. He was census enuraerator in 1880,
and in 1882 he represented Newfane in the
Legislature, where he attended strictly to his
duties, never but once faihng to be present

and vote when the yeas and nays were
caUed. In 1890, on recoramendation ofthe
Vermont delegation in Congress, he was ap
pointed supervisor of the eleventh census
for the district of Vermont.' For the past
twenty-five years Mr Howe's home has been
in Newfane.
He was married in 1866 to Gertrude I.
daughter of Avery J. and Mary (White)
Dexter of Wardsboro. They have five sons ;
MarshaU A., Hermon A., Arthur O., Carlton
D., and Clifton D. MarshaU A. Howe, the
eldest son, is now a member of the faculty
of the University of Cahfornia.
HOWLAND, FRANK GEORGE, of Barre,
son of George and Angelina (BuszeU) How
land, was born in Boston, Mass., August 27,
1863. His father's employment was that of
farmer and auctioneer and he has been a
resident of East MontpeUer since April, 1866.
He has been the incumbent of several im
portant town ofifices and was sent to the
Legislature in 1882.

FRANK GEORGE HOWLAND.

Frank G. Howland pursued the usual
course of instruction in the public schools
and then graduated frora the Vermont M. E.
Seminary at MontpeUer, in the class of 1884.
An adherent of the Republican party, he
represented the town of Barre in the Legisla
ture of 1892, and served creditably as a mem
ber of the committee on banks.

HUBBARD.
He was united in marriage March 29,
i888, to Mary, daughter of Sidney and Irene
A. (Heath) WeUs of Barre.
Mr. Howland was elected teUer of the Na
tional Bank of Barre, Feb. 16, 1885, and
two years later was proraoted to the position
¦of cashier. He was largely instrumental in
securing the charter for the Barre Savings
Bank and Trust Co , which coraraenced busi
ness Feb. 27, 1893, and of which institution
he is treasurer. He is considered in the
•community in which he resides as an active,
energetic, and efificient man of business;
shrewd, intelligent, and honorable in aU his
transactions. HUBBARD, GEORGE A., of Guildhall,
son of John and Susan D. Hubbard, was
born in Guildhall, Sept. 10, 1850.
At the age of seven he reraoved to Lunen
burg to attend the coramon schools of that
place. Here he reraained tiU he was seven
teen, at which tirae he returned to GuildhaU
and completed his education at the Essex
county grararaar school.
For raany years Mr. Hubbard made his
residence at the place of his birth, and for
rtiost of that period was eraployed in farra
ing, but after his marriage he removed to
the home of his wife, where he remained
untU 1892, when his position of county clerk
required his immediate presence at the
•county seat.
He was united in marriage at Lunenburg,
Oct. 13, 187 1, to Ida M., daughter of Lor
enzo and Ann (Woods) Manning of GuUd
haU. One son was born to them and died
in infancy. One daughter, Addie Manning,
and an adopted chUd, Ethel May, are living.
Mr. Hubbard is an active Republican, and
has been selectman for five consecutive
terms. He has also been town superintend
ent, and was elected to represent Guildhall
in the Legislature of 1890.
He is a quiet, self-respecting raan of good
moral principles, and gives promise of a long
career of usefulness.
He has been a raeraber of the P. of H. at
Guildhall. HUBBARD, LORENZO W., of Lyndon,
son of Richard and Loraine (Weeks) Hub
bard, was born in Lyndon, Feb. 3, 1841.
He received his education in the coraraon
schools of his native town and at Lyndon
Acaderay. September i, 1863, he enlisted in Co. M,
nth Regt. Vt. Vols., and on the completion
of its organization he was appointed ser
geant. Serving in this capacity one year he
was raade hospital steward of the regiment
and served as such until the close of the war.
He then studied raedicine at the Bellevue
Hospital Medical CoUege, New York, frora

HUBBELL.

213

which he graduated March i, 1867. In the
following AprU he went to Lunenburg, where
he practiced raedicine six years; then
located perraanentiy at Lyndon.
Dr. Hubbard represented Lyndon at the
General Asserably in 1882 and 1886. In
each session he was a raember of the cora
mittee on the insane, and offered in the
House the joint resolutions requesting the
Governor to appoint a coraraission to inves
tigate as to the advisability and location of a
separate building for the care of the crirainal
and convict insane, which resulted in the
construction of the asylura at Waterbury.
In 1883 Dr. Hubbard was made president
of the St. Johnsbury board of examining sur
geons for pensions, which office he accept
ably filled for more than two years.
Dr, Hubbard is a deacon of the Congre
gational church. He is a practitioner of the
regular school and since 1867 has belonged
to the White Mountain Medical Society ; he
is also a meraber of the Vermont Medical
Society, and was one of its license censors
two years and has served as treasurer of the
Lyndon Republican Club.
He is a raember of Crescent Lodge F. &
A. M., Lyndonville, and of Chamberlin Post
G. A. R., No. I, of St. Johnsbury. He has
taken great interest in the academy and
graded schools of Lyndon, serving on the
coraraittee for the past twelve years.
Dr. Hubbard was raarried, Nov. 10, 1868,
to Mary E., daughter of Bela and Martha
(Perry) Halton. Of this union there was
issue: Charles Bela, May E. (deceased),
and one son who died in infancy.
HUBBELL, Myron R., of Wolcott, son
of Seth and Sylvia (Spaulding) Hubbell, was
born in Wolcott, April 6, 1835. His grand
father was the first settler of the town of
Wolcott. Coming there in 1789, he endured
privations and hardships, carrying his corn
on his back twelve mUes to miU for several
years. Under such conditions he reared a
family of seventeen children. Seth, the father
of the subject of the present sketch, was a
life-long resident of the town, and Myron R.
was brought up among the usual surround
ings of a New England farm.
Completing his education in the common
schools, when he arrived at man's estate he
went to the Northwest on a tour of observa
tion, but soon returned to the paternal home
stead, devoting himself to the care of his
parents during their declining years. At
their death he sold the farm and removed
to the village.
Mr. Hubbell has a decided talent for in
vention and for twenty years has devoted
hiraself to this pursuit, constructing his own
raodels and patterns, and has obtained in
all fifteen patents. He has devoted much

214

HUDSON.

HUMPHREY.

time and thought to improving reversible
plows, and is the originator of the theory
that the draught attachment of a reversible
plow should be adjusted to the right and left
furrows, alternately, at each turn of the
raouldboard. To accomphsh this object he
devised and patented the shifting-lever clevis
now so generally used on reversible plows,
and also patented the rod running length
wise of and swiveled to the beam for the
sarae purpose.

MYRON R. HUBBELL.

It is unnecessary to say more in reference
to this matter, as the great value of his im
provements in reversible plows are generally
and widely known. He has also invented
and patented a car-coupler, which those who
are conversant with this subject unhesitat
ingly declare to be far in advance of all
others they have ever exarained. Mr. HubbeU
and W. W. Gate, of ^Volcott, are joint invent
ors in a spiral rotary cyUnder for planers,
which is now in operation and is doing
superior work.
He married, April 2, 1862, Miss Mary,
daughter of Ralph and Sybil (Powers) Mar
tin, of Wolcott ; their only living child is
Ralph M., of Wolcott. Mr. HubbeU has
always been attached to the Repubhcan
party, but has never cared for or accepted
ofificial positions. He is a member of Min
eral Lodge, No. 93, F. & A. M., of Wolcott.
HUDSON, Solomon S., of East Haven,
son of Calvin and Philoraelia (Powers) Hud
son, was born in Athens, July 22, 1836.

He was an industrious pupU of the public
schools, and made the best use of his limited
opportunities to obtain an education.
At the early age of nineteen he took to.
himself a wife, and with this responsibility
commenced to clear a farm in the unbrokea
wilderness, carrying his worldly possessions
on his back. In this enterprise he was en
gaged five years, when he was summoned to
the field by the outbreak of the civU war.
In 1862 he enhsted in Co. A, loth Regt.
Vt. Vols. He remained in the army about
three years, most of the time on detached
service, and was discharged when the regi
ment was mustered out. Returning to his
farm at the close of the war, he remained
there untU 1886, when he moved to his
present location in East Haven vUlage, and
has since been engaged in general trade.
Mr. Hudson has held raany responsible
positions in town, having been for many
years justice of the peace and selectman..
He represented East Haven in 1880, and
under a Republican administration received
the appointraent of postraaster, a position
which he worthily filled fiar six years.
In 1855 he married Eunecia L., daughtei
of RusseU and Almira Hosford. She died
Jan. 29, 1881. He contracted a second alli
ance with Lydia Gero, daughter of Holden
and Viantha Partlow.,
Mr. Hudson has received the first three
degrees of the Masonic fraternity, and is a
member of Island Pond Lodge, No. 44. He
also belongs to Erastus Buck Post, G. A. R.,
of that place. He stands prominently forth
in the comraunity as a moral, industrious
and energetic raan of good judgment and
ability. HUMPHREY, Charles Timothy
Allen, of East Burke, son of Timothy and
Sabrina (Cushing) Humphrey, was born in
St. Johnsbury, Jan. 2, 1822.
His father was one of the early settiers ofthe
town and Mr. Humphrey received only such
educational advantages as were afforded by
the public schools. At the age of fourteen
he commenced to labor for a hvelihood. Four
years after he bought his tirae from his father
for Si 25, chopped cord wood and drove
teams from Boston to Portland in order to
reimburse his father for the time he had pur
chased. In 1840 with twenty dollars in his
pocket he started for the West. Arriving at
Conneaut, Ohio, he reraained two or three
years in this place, engaging in farming and
trading ; then removed to Geneva, in the
sarae state, and in 1847 returned to Burke,
and finally took up his abode in East Burke,
where he employed himself in general trade.
Mr. Humphrey has held raany responsible
offices. Has been justice of the peace, Uster,
overseer of the poor, notary public, and town

HUMPHREY.
agent to settie claims. He received the honor
of an election by Repubhcan votes to the
"war session" Legislature of i86o-'6i. In
1877, he was elected associate judge of the
Caledonia county court, serving the fuU term
of two years. He has been director of the
Merchants' National Bank, of St. Johnsbury,
for more than eleven years; has been the
administrator for many valuable estates, and
has acted as guardian in many cases. He
attends and supports the Methodist church
of that place.

HUNTER.

215

CHARLES TIMOTHY ALLEN HUMPHREY.
He was united in wedlock Sept. i, 1841, to
Flavilla Pameha, daughter of Matthew and
Resia Cushing, of Burke, who died April 11,
1880. Four children were born to thera :
Violetta M. (Mrs. Olin Sraith, of Springfield,
Mass., deceased), Edwin Payson (deceased).
Rose Sabrina (deceased), and Celia C. (wife
of Dr. Frederick NeweU, of Barton).
Judge Humphrey contracted a second
alUance Sept. 14, 1880, with Mary L., daugh
ter of Sarauel and Eraily (Harvey) Prouty,
of Burke.
HUMPHREY, Julius Augustus, of
East Burke, son of Erastus and Hannah I.
(Johnson) Huraphrey, was born in that town
Nov. 3, 1830.
His father came from Connecticut to East
Burke very early in the present century and
Mr. Humphrey attended the pubUc schools
until seventeen years of age ; since that tirae
he has always lived and labored on the farm
where he was born and which he purchased

in 1889, gi'ving especial attention to the
breeding of Devon cattie, and horses of the
Wilkes strain of blood. F'or forty years he
has been caUed upon to discharge the du
ties of various ofifices of the town and was
sent to the Legislature as the representative
of a RepubUcan constituency in 1868, 1869
and 1882, giving his service to the commit
tees on the grand list, highways and bridges,
and on pubUc buildings. Being drafted for
service in the army he was rejected on ac
count of physical disability. He is a mem
ber and for several years has been steward
of the M. E. Church in Burke.
Mr. Humphrey married, Feb. 25, 1856,
Lucia A., daughter of Benjamin F. and Annie
(Miner) Belden, of Burke. Four children
have been born to thera : Mary Helen (Mrs.
Sumner G. Prescott of Lyndon), Frank Eras
tus, Annie B., and Inez L.
HUNTER, Ellsworth M., of Fair
Haven, son of Mahlon and Susan Hunter,
was born in the town of Hubbardton, April
II, 1862.

ELLSWORTH M. HUNTER.

He received his early educational train
ing in the comraon schools and afterwards
took a course of study at a business college.
At the age of twenty-one, Mr. Hunter, who
had adopted journaUsm as his profession,
was made business manager of the Rutland
DaUy Review, and in the following year was
eraployed as an editorial writer on the Platts
burg (N. Y.) Telegrara, afterwards founding

2l6

HUNTLEY.

HUSE.

the Clipper at Fort Ann. He returned to
his native state in 1887, and for the last
four years has fiUed the position of editor
and raanager of the Verraont Record.
He was united in raarriage Sept. 5, 1886,
to E. Alida, daughter of Lyraan and Marie
(Broughton) of Fort Ann, N. Y". Of this
raarriage there have been three children :
Gertrude, Anna, and Frances M. •
In 1886 Mr. Hunter was elected a raem
ber of the Republican county committee of
Washington county, N. Y., and with four
others composed the executive board of that
committee. After his return to Vermont he
entered poUtics and assisted in 1888 in
forraing several Republican league clubs,
and was secretary of the John A. Logan
Club at Castleton. Twice he was elected a
delegate to the RepubUcan state convention
of Vermont. He was a delegate to the press
congress of the World's Fair. He was
elected justice of the peace for two succes
sive terms, being nominated on the tickets
of the Republican, Democratic and Labor
parties, the last named of which norainated
hira for assistant judge in 1890, when his
vote was much larger than that of his party.
Mr Hunter is a charter meraber of Fair
Haven Lodge, No. 52, I. O. O. F., of which
he is an ofificer.
HUNTLEY, EBER W., of Duxbury, son
of Gilbert and Mary E. (Nash) Huntiey,
was born in that town, Nov. 11, 1839.
He availed himself of the school training
of his native town and then pursued a course
of study at the Peoples Academy of Morris
ville. He early raanifested an aptitude for
raechanical pursuits, and soon after his raa
jority commenced working at the carpenter
and joiner's trade, and later was a raiUwright
and house builder.
In the faU of 1886 he purchased the raiU
site in Duxbury, near Waterbury, a wonder
ful natural water privilege. There he re
built the miU and put in a large plant for
planing, dressing and matching hard and
soft wood luraber, which is sold as a finished
product. A large share of his stock is pur
chased in the neighborhood and thereby the
farraers are furnished with a convenient
horae raarket for their surplus wood products.
Mr. Huntley was elected by the RepubU
cans of Duxbury to the Legislature of 1882,
where he was a raember of the coraraittee on
corporations. His personal standing in the
community has resulted in his being caUed
to the occupancy of many town ofifices since
he was twenty-one, and among these he has
been the incumbent of the town clerkship
and also town treasurer for more than a score
of years.
He has received the degree of the Blue
Lodge in the order of Free Masonry, and
has twice occupied the chair in the east.

He married, August 26, 1863, Minta F.
daughter of Janus and Eurette (Crosby)
Crossett, of Duxbury. One child is issue of
this union : Mertie E.
HUSE, Hiram Augustus, of Montpe
lier, son of Hiram Sylvester and Emily Mor
gan (Blodgett) Huse, was born at Randolph,
Jan. 17, 1843.
His parents moved to Wisconsin in 1845
and that was his horae till 1868. In the
West he went to school at the red school-
house, at Willard Serainary in Watertown,
Wis., and at Dixon 111., and taught district
school several terras. In i860 he went to
Randolph where he fitted for coUege (in
part under Edward Conant), at the Orange
county graramar school, and also taught dis
trict school again, and in i87i-'72 was Mr.
Conant's assistant in the State Normal
School.

HIRAM AUGUSTUS HUSE.

He graduated from Dartmouth CoUege in
1865, and from the Albany Law School (of
which Araos Dean, formerly of Barnard, was
then the head) in 1867, and was admitted
to the New York bar in Albany. After a
year at his home in Wisconsin, he moved to
Vermont, where he was adraitted to the Ver
mont bar in Orange county, June term,
1869. WhUe in coUege he enlisted August 19,
1862, at Randolph and served as a private
in Co. F, 1 2th Vt. Vols., tiU the regiment
was mustered out July 14, 1S63.

HUTCHINSON.
He moved to Montpelier in 1872, begin
ning the practice of law, and for some ten
years served as editorial writer on the Green
Mountain Freeman.
He has been state librarian since 1873,
represented Montpelier in the Legislature of
1878, and was elected state's attorney in
1882. January i, 1883, a law partnership was
formed by Clarence H. Pitkin and himself
under the firm narae of Pitkin & Huse,
which continued seven years. At the close of
WUliam P. DUhngham's terra as Governor in
October, i8go, the partnership of Dillingham
& Huse was forraed, and by the admission
of Fred A. Howland in 1892, the firm is
now DiUingham, Huse & Howland.
Mr. Huse married at Randolph, Jan. 30,
1872, Harriet Olivia, daughter of Melzar and
Eunice Harriet (Smith) Woodbury. They
have two children : Harriet Emily, and Ray
'Woodbury. Mr. Huse's mother died at his horae in
Montpelier, May 29, 1890, and his father
now resides with hira.
He is a corarade of Brooks Post, G. A. R.,
and a meraber of Aurora Lodge, F. & A. M.,
and of the Sons of the American Revolution.
HUTCHINSON, James, of West Ran
dolph, son of James and Sophia (Brown)
Hutchinson, was born in Randolph, Jan. i,
1826. The grandfather, John Hutchinson,
was one of the earUest settlers of Braintree.
Noted for his industry and honesty, he was
much in public life and represented the town
in the Legislature for seventeen years, while
his father, James, was an enterprising and
prosperous farraer, enjoying the confidence
and respect of the neighboring coraraunity.
The education of the subject of the pres
ent sketch was obtained first in the district
and then in a private school in West Ran
dolph, and after this course of instruction he
was engaged in teaching for three consecu
tive winters.
November 2, 1847, Mr. Hutchinson was
united in the bonds of wedlock to Miss Abby
B., daughter of Elijah and Patience (Neff)
Flint, of Braintree (who died May 4, 1879).
He settled upon' the old horaestead in
Braintree, where he lived tiU 1869, when he
raoved to West Randolph. While in the
forraer place he filled many town ofifices and
was elected delegate to the state Constitu
tional Convention in 1856. For two years,
1864 to 1866, he was associate judge of the
county. Judge Hutchinson was elected state sena
tor in 1 868, and also in the following year,
while in 1870 he received the appointment
of county commissioner, and was in 1872

HUTCHINSON.

217

chosen a delegate to the national Repubhcan
convention at Philadelphia. He was ap
pointed postmaster at West Randolph in
1872, which ofifice he held tiU 1887. With a
few others, Judge Hutchinson petitioned the
Legislature of 1889 for a charter for a savings
bank in West Randolph, and on the organiz
ation of the institution, he was elected its

JAMES HUTCHINSON

president, a position in which he continues
to the present time.
Araong the earhest founders of the Repub
lican party, he was always an active worker
in its behalf, and even pre^•ious to its exist
ence, in the days of anti-slavery agitation, he
was an enthusiastic disciple of Garrison and
PhiUips, ever extending a hearty welcome to
all who were interested in the cause of aboli
tion. For five years he filled the ofifice of
vice-president for Vermont of the New Eng-
England Anti-Slavery Society. During the
troubles in Kansas, Judge liutchinson was
connected with the Emigrant Aid Society,
and in the company of the state agent visited
several places in the state to raise men and
money to aid in freeing Kansas from the
trararaels of the slave-holders, and at one
time he himself accorapanied an expedition
for this purpose. He has held leading posi
tions in the teraperance societies of Vermont
and has always been a devoted adherent of
the cause, strongly ad^•ocating the law of
prohibition.

2l8

IDE.

JACKMAN.

IDE, Henry Clay, of St johnsbury, son
of Jacob and Lodaska (Knights) Ide, was
born in Barnet Sept. i8, 1844.
He conducted his preparatory studies at
the St. Johnsbury Academy and then entered
Dartraouth College frora which he graduated
with the highest honors of his class in 1866.
He was principal of St. Johnsbury Acad
eray from the tirae of his graduation until
the summer of 1868, when hewas appointed
head master of the high school of Arling
ton, Mass., which position he fiUed tiU the
autumn of 1869, when he read law with the
late Judge B. H. Steele of St. Johnsbury tiU
December, 1870, when he was admitted to
the bar. He immediately began to practice
in St. Johnsbury and in 1873 formed a part
nership with Hon. H. C. Belden which con
tinued tiU 1884, when the firra of Ide & Staf
ford was formed, which in 1890 was changed
to that of Ide & Quimby. This last partner
ship was dissolved in 1892 and since then
Mr. Ide has practiced alone. In 1890 he
was admitted to the bar of the United States
Supreme Court. During this period Mr. Ide
was engaged in much of the raost important
litigation in Northern Vermont, and stood in
the front rank of his profession.
He was united in wedlock, Oct. 26, 187 1,
to Mary M., daughter of Joseph and Sophia
Matcher, of Stoughton, Mass., who passed
frora life April 13, 1892. Of this raarriage
four children were born : Adelaide M., Annie
L., Harry J. (deceased), and Mary M.
Mr. Ide has been honored with many of
fices in the gift of his fellow-citizens. For
three years he was state's attorney for Cale
donia county and was twice sent to the state
Senate, in which he served on several im

portant committees. He was prominent in
carrying through measures securing the prop
erty rights of married women, simpUfying
legal procedure, etc. In 1884 he presided
at the Republican state convention, and was
chosen delegate to the national convention
at Chicago in 1888 where he served on the
coraraittee on credentials.
Mr. Ide was appointed by President Har
rison a coraraissioner on behalf of the United
States to act with others appointed by Eng
land and Gerraany to settle the disputes in
Samoa. Chosen by that commission as its
chairman, he rendered iraportant service in
organizing, formulating and carrying on its
work. In November, 1891, he resigned this
appointraent on account of sickness in his
family, returning to this country with expres
sions of regret from the King of Samoa, his
associates, and all other officials with whom
he had come in contact in the course of
his ofificial duties. On his return he also re
ceived from the president a letter of thanks
for his efficient and valuable services as com
missioner. He has been for years a director of the
First National Bank of St. Johnsbury, the
Passumpsic Savings Bank — one of the largest
institutions in the state — the Tredegar Na
tional Bank of Jacksonville, Ala., and in va
rious manufacturing and railroad corpora
tions, all of which trusts he has carefully
and honorably fulfilled.
In 1893 he was appointed chief justice of
Samoa, and on the 6th of October left St.
Johnsbury and on the 20th of that month
sailed from San Francisco to enter upon his
new and most important duties in those dis
tant islands of the South Pacific.

JACKMAN, A. M., of Barre, son of Abel
and Dorothy (True) Jackman, was born in
Corinth, March 2, 181 3. His father came
from Sahsbury, Mass., and was one of the
early settlers of Corinth.
The son, left an orphan at an early age,
went to Barre and learned the trade of a
wool carder and cloth dresser. His oppor
tunities for education were Uraited to the
coraraon schools of Corinth and a few terms
at the Barre district schools.
Working with untiring industry and Uving
prudently, laying up and not squandering
the liberal wages he received, he was enabled
in 1836 to hire and three years after to pur
chase the mill in which he was employed,
and he conducted the business until the
factory was destroyed by fire in 1853. In
February, 1856, Mr. Jackman bought an

estate in Barre. Much of this he has sold,
and this portion of the property is now occu
pied by the thriving village of Barre. When
he commenced his business everyone, with
perhaps the exception of the doctor, lawyer,
and clergyman, wore homespun, the product
of the faraily loora, woven and fashioned in
the horae circle, and there was but one cloth
manufactory in the state, that of Governor
Paine of Northfield, the only product of
whose mills was exclusively indigo blue
broadcloth. Mr. Jackman has Uved to see
an entire change in the population of the
town of Barre, and he is the only one that
remains of the bygone generation of Barre
village. He took to wife, April 11, 1837, Christina,
daughter of David and DeUa (French)
French. Their union was blesssd with four

JACKMAN.
sons and one daughter : Orvis French (a
soldier of the Union, deceased in 1885),
John, George W., Eveline (Mrs. F. H. Rob
erts), and Charles Edgar (deceased). Mrs.
Jackman departed this Ufe in 1885.

JAMES.

219

A. M JACKMAN.

Mr. Jackman has always been a Democrat,
and has taken an active interest in town and
county affairs. For twenty-five years he was
sheriff or deputy sheriff, and also justice c f
the peace. He was strongly in favor of a
resolute prosecution of the war for the pres
ervation of the Union, and one of his sons
lost an arm in the service. Mr. Jackman
carries the cares and labors of his four score
years bravely, with form stiU erect and his
raental faculties unimpaired.
JACKMAN, Henry A., of East Corinth,
son of Winthrop T. and Mary (Elkins) Jack-
man, was born in Barre, Feb. 18, 1829.
His mother died when he was four years
old and for two years he resided with an aunt,
then he was compeUed to push his own way,
working on a farm tiU he was twenty-one
and obtaining such instruction as the winter
terms of the district school afforded. After
attaining his majority he went to Boston where
he reraained nine years engaged in teaming.
At the commencement of the civil war Mr.
Jackman enhsted in the 2d Mass. Light Bat
tery. This battery was first stationed at
Baltimore and afterwards sent to Fortress
Monroe and witnessed the naval contest be
tween the Monitor and Merrimac. Soon

after he accompanied the coramand to Ship
Island and New Orleans in General Butier's
expedition. He was present at the first at
tempt of Farragut to capture Vicksburg, and
afterwards participated in almost aU the bat
tles and hostile expeditions in the depart-
of the Gulf including the successful attack
upon Mobile. When his term of service ex
pired he proraptiy and patriotically re-enhsted
as a veteran volunteer, and with his coramand
marched from Mobile to Montgoraery and
thence to Vicksburg, where he reraained till
honorably discharged in August, 1865, after
more than four years of active and continuous
service, during the latter part of which he
acted as quartermaster-sergeant.
Soon after his discharge he carae to East
Corinth, and, in corapany with his brother,
purchased and carried on the grist miU in that
place for four years. In 1876 he raoved to
Topsham and engaged in the manufacture of
bobbins and spools and to this end he has
just erected a plant that promises much for
the future prosperity of the coraraunity.
Mr. Jackman was married at Bradford in
October, 1869, to Mrs. Nancy (Crown) Row
land, and four children have been born to
them : .Ylfred C, Winthrop T., Henry A., Jr.,
and Mary E.
He is an ardent Republican, a raan of few
words, but prorapt, decided and resolute in
action and with a persistence that in the end
is bound to succeed in whatever he under
takes. He has always avoided rather than
sought ofifice, as the deraands of his business
are imperative. For several years, however,
he served as selectraan and represented Tops
ham in the House in 1876. He is a raera
ber of the G. A. R. and for two years served
as coraraander of Ransora Post, No. 7, of
East Corinth.
JAMES, JOHN A., of Middlebury, son
of Sarauel and Susan (Payne) Jaraes, was
born in Weybridge, AprU 7, 1853.
Descended frora a family of undoubted
worth and respectabUity, he received his
earlier education in the schools of Wey
bridge and afterwards studied at the high
school of Middlebury.
His chief occupation has ever been that of
a farmer and he resides on the old homestead
which has been in the possession of the
Jaraes famUy since 1 788. Here he has stead
ily pursued his calling and like raany farraers
of his county gave rauch attention to sheep
breeding, but in recent years he has devoted
more effort to the dairy, and breeding of fine
horses. His property yields him fine returns
and he is one of those who find farming re-
nuraerative. Mr. James is a Republican and he has
been honored by his fellow-townsmen with
more ofifices than he cared to accept. He

JANES.

JENNE.

was chosen representative of the town of
Weybridge in 1890 and served on the com
mittee on agriculture. While in the House
he was an intelligent and conservative raem
ber. He was married in Weybridge, AprU 15,
1874, to Orpha, daughter of Philo and fUiza
(Landon) Jewett. Four children have
blessed their union : Grace E., Emma C, J.
Perry (died in youth), and Sarauel E.

to follow that profession. He was made suc
cessively the principal ofthe graded and high
schools of Northfield and of Middlebury.
His popularity and success in these posi-
tions, and his superior qualities as scholar
and instructor, attracted the attention of the
college authorities and his services were en
gaged as professor of Latin and French in
Middlebury college, and he has occupied
that chair since 1891.
While at the University of Vermont, Pro
fessor Janes was an active and prominent
member of the local Delta Psi society, and
in Boston joined the Theta Delta Chi frater
nity, of which he has ever been an active
and loyal member.
He is a raeraber of the Congregational
church and has been actively connected
vvith local county and state Christian Endea
vor societies, energetically furthering their
work and usefulness and holding their high
est ofifices. Though one of the youngest
professors in the state he has won the
respect of all who have come into contact
with him, and has gained a wide reputation
in social and educational circles.
JENNE, James Nathaniel, of St.
Albans, son of John Gilbert and Charlotte
(Wordworth) Jenne, was born in Berkshire,
Dec. 21, 1859.

JOHN A. JAMES.
Mr. James is a raeraber and liberal sup
porter of the Congregational church of his
town, to which the James family has ever
been attached. He is esteemed a true and
hearty supporter of the principles he pro
fesses, and all who know hira predict for
hira a useful and honorable career in his
county and the state.
JANES, Arthur Lee, of Middlebury,
son of Charies W. and Mina (Anderson)
Janes, was born in Montgoraery, August 22,
1867. His early education was obtained in the
public schools of St. Albans, where he fitted
for college. After a course of hard and un
remitting study he entered the University of
Vermont, following the classical course in
that institution. In the fall of 1887 Mr.
Janes changed the scene of his labors to
Boston University, from which he graduated
in 1889. During the tirae that he was thus
employed in completing his education, he
had at intervals engaged in teaching with
rauch success, and on graduation deterrained

JAMES NATHANIEL JENNE.

Having received his preparatory educa
tion at the Enosburg Falls graded schools,
he entered the medical department of the
U. V. M. and graduated therefrom in 1881.

JENNINGS.

JENNINGS.

He afterward attended for four years the
regular courses of the Post Graduate Medical
School of New York, from which he took a
diploma in 1890.
Dr. Jenne began the practice of raedicine
at Georgia, remaining there until 1887, when
he estabUshed hiraself at St. Albans, and at
once attained a high standing in his pro
fession, and won an enviable reputation as
a skillful surgeon. Elected a raeraber of the
Franklin County Society, Chnical Society of
New York, American Medical Association,
and the Vermont State Medical Society, he
was raade president of the latter in 1890.
Previous to this date he was a raember of its
board of censors, and he has been a dele
gate on several occasions to the societies of
other states, and to the American Medical
Association. In 1890 he was chosen a
meraber of the board of consulting surgeons
of the Mary Fletcher Hospital, to which posi
tion he has been elected annually since that
tirae. In 1892 was invited to fiU the chair
of adjunct professor of materia medica in
the raedical departraent of the U. V. M., and
in 1893 to the chair of materia medica.
In 1889 Dr. Jenne was commissioned as
sistant surgeon ist Regt. V. N. G., and the
foUowing year was promoted to the office of
surgeon, which was subsequently followed by
his advanceraent to the position of brigade
surgeon with the rank of heutenant-colonel,
which ofifice he now holds.
He is a raeraber of the A. O. F. of A., and
of the Masonic fraternity ; in the latter or
ganization he is afifiUated with Franklin
Lodge, Champlain Chapter, and Lafayette
Cammandery. Dr. Jenne was united in marriage in
September, 1883, to Abbie, daughter of
Hiram and Miranda (Gilmore) Cushraan.
JENNINGS, Cyrus, of HortonvUle, son
of Justin and Harriet (HUl) Jennings, was
born in Hubbardton, Feb. 23, 1838.
Having received his education in the
coramon schools he adopted farming as his
profession, in which pursuit he has been
vigorously engaged to the present tirae.
Strongly Deraocratic in his political faith,
he has enjoyed the confidence of his fellow-
townsmen to such an extent that they have
seen fit to entrust him with the offices of
selectman and Hster. In 1876 he was caUed
upon to represent his native town in the
General Assembly, which honor was sup
plemented by an election to the Senate in
1890. Mr. Jennings was united in raarriage,
Nov. 13, 1861, to Alice E., daughter of N.
H. Eddy. Four sons have blessed this
union : WiUiam A., Edward J., Elraer E.,
and Joseph S.

JENNINGS, Rev. Isaac, late of Ben
nington Centre, son of Isaac and Anne
Beach Jennings, was born in TrurabuU, Conn.,
July 24, 1816.
While yet a lad he removed to Derby of
that state and there his early days were
passed. Having obtained his preparatory
education in accordance with the admirable
New England system in the common school
and preparatory academy he graduated from
Yale College in the famous class of 1837,
which numbered among its nurabers such
prorainent raen as Hon. William M. Evarts
of New York, Chief Justice Morrison R.
Waite, Hon. Edwards Pierpont, Samuel J.
TUden and others; and the thoroughness of
his mental training was apparent in all his
after life.
Fresh from collegiate honors, he cora
menced the active career of life as the prin
cipal of a school in Washington, Conn., in
i837-'38, but transferred the scene of his
labors to New Haven, where he took charge
of the Hopkins graramar school, and num
bered araong his pupils Dr. Timothy Dwight,
afterward president of his alma mater, but
he soon abandoned the profession of a
teacher to study for the Christian ministry,
pursuing a course of theology at New Haven,
Conn., and subsequently at Andover, Mass.
From the theological seminary of the latter
place he graduated in 1842. Though
earnest in church work, he never lost his
interest in schools, a fact fully substantiated
by his connection with those of Akron, O.,
where he comraenced his rainistry, becom
ing pastor of the Second Congregational
Church of that city June 14, 1843. There
he labored with untiring zeal to carry out
measures of reform in their then defective
school system, and his energetic efforts were
rewarded, for he inaugurated there the sys
tera of graded schools, now so coraraon
throughout the country. To such an extent
did he leave his irapress upon the interests
of education in that section that he has
been justly styled in the annual reports of
the board of education, "The Father of our
PubUc Schools."
February 17, 1847, he was raarried to
Sophia, daughter of Matthias and Sophia
(Loorais) Day of Mansfield, Ohio. They
had nine chUdren : Isaac, Jr., Walter
Loorais (deceased), Sophia Day (deceased),
Frederic Beach, Matthias Day (deceased),
Charles Green Rockwood, Robert Gould,
PhUip Burton, and WUliam Bigelow.
After a successful pastorate at Stamford,
Conn., commencing in 1847, Mr. Jennings
removed to Bennington, where he was in
staUed over the First Church of Christ,
Bennington Centre, Sept. 21, 1853, and
here the reraainder of his useful and Chris
tian life was passed. For over thirty-four

JENNINGS.
years he presided over his flock— a typical
"New England hiU-side parish," as he hira
self quaintly termed it. With repeated op
portunities to go to larger fields, and with
prospects of larger financial gain, Mr. Jen
nings steadily refused to leave his people in
historic Bennington, preferring to live and
die among them. In 1859 he made a Eu
ropean tour and returned with fresh vigor
and enlarged powers for his life work.
Of his published writings the "Memorials
of a Century" is probably the best known,
and will go down to posterity as a history of
Bennington and the old First Church. One
of the most reraarkable pulpit efforts of Mr.
Jennings was his centennial discourse deliv
ered in the old church on its one hundredth
anniversary in 1863, which wiU long be re
raerabered by those who were privileged to
listen to it. Ever zealous and active in all
matters pertaining to the welfare and credit
of the town from the inception of the enter
prise he took great interest and an influen
tial part in the erection of the Bennington
battle monument. He was an active raem
ber and vice president of the association,
and a member and secretary of the board
of directors, while his last public utterance
pronounced the benediction which closed
the ceremony on laying the corner stone of
the raonument. A model pastor, faithful and
beloved to an erainent degree, a public-spir
ited citizen, an enthusiastic proraoter of good
works, his useful and Christian life was
brought to a close August 25, 1887.
JENNINGS, FREDERIC B., son of Rev.
Isaac and Sophia Day Jennings, was born in
Bennington Centre, August 6, 1853.
After completing the preparatory course
he entered WiUiaras CoUege, where he grad
uated in 1872 with high honors. He subse
quently studied law at the Harvard Law
School, taking his degree therefrom in 1874,
and from the University Law School in New
York City in 1875 '^^^^ honors.
Mr. Jennings entered the office of William
M. Evarts in New York City in 1874, where
he remained in successful practice several
years, after which he established his present
law firm of Jennings & Russell, 30 Broad
street. New York City.
While his tirae and energies have been
chiefiy devoted to his law practice, many
other business interests have shared his at
tention. Mr. Jennings is the vice-president
of the American Trading Company, a large
and prosperous concern engaged in business
with China, Japan and London. He is also
vice-president of the Bennington & Rutland
Railroad Co., and of the First National
Bank of North Bennington. He is a trustee
of the Free Library Hall at Bennington, as
well as a trustee of public schools in the

JOHNSON.

223

city of New York, and a director or trustee
in several other business enterprises in. New
York.

FREDERIC B, JENNINGS,

Mr. Jennings married, July 27, 1880, Laura
Hall, daughter of Trenor W. and Laura V.
D. S. Park, and a granddaughter of the late
Governor Hiland Hall. Their chUdren are :
Percy HaU, Elizabeth, and Frederic B., Jr.
JOHNSON, Leonard, of Pawlet, son
of James and Ruth (WilUams) Johnson, was
born at Pawlet, Nov. 28, 1828.
Having received the usual educational ad
vantages of the comraon schools, he was a
tiller of the soil till he arrived at his raajority,
when his active disposition raaking him de
sire a change, he entered the employment of
the R. & W. R. R. Co. as station agent, and
has continued in this occupation for forty
years. During the late civil war he acted as re
cruiting officer and assistant provost mar
shal. In 1852 he became a member of the order
of Odd Fellows, joining Hopkins Lodge,
Hartford, N. Y., and he has been a Free and
Accepted Mason for thirty-five years.
Mr. Johnson was raarried at Pawlet, Feb.
26, 1857, to Harriet, daughter of Harry and
Harriet Viets. Of this union were born
three children : Wayland, R. G. M., and
Anna A. As his second wife he wedded
EUen, daughter of Charles and Julia Wright,
of Hartford, N. Y.

224

JOHNSON.

JOHNSON.

In his pohtical career he has been re
peatedly elected selectman, and has been
justice ofthe peace in Pawlet for thirty-eight
years. Twice has he represented his native
town in the state Legislature, and been
deemed worthy of fiUing the responsibUe
position of senator frora Rutland county for
two successive terras. In all these positions
he has never failed to merit the confidence
reposed in him by those through whose in
strumentality he has been called to ofifice.
JOHNSON, Russell Thayer, of
West Concord, son of Ransel and Sally
(Farmer) Johnson, was born in Newark,
April 4, 1 84 1.

««*«^_

RUSSELL THAYER JOHNSON.

The public schools furnished hira with his
early educational training and he fitted for
coUege in the Charlestown (P. Q.) Acad
eray, after which he studied medicine with
Dr. Charles S. Cahoon of Lyndon, and
graduated frora Bellevue Hospital Medical
College, New York City, in 1867.
Dr. Johnson began the practice of raedi
cine in Stanstead, Canada, and in 1869 he
reraoved to Concord, and since that tirae
has had an extensive practive not only in
that, but also in adjoining towns. In 1862
he enlisted in the nth Regt. Vt. Vols., and
served nearly three years, most of the tirae
in the raedical department of the Sixth
Army Corps and since 1872 has been ex
amining surgeon for pensions.

He is a Republican, and was member from
Concord in the Legislature of 1884. In
1886 he was vice-president of the Vermont
State Medical Society. For nine years he
has been supervisor of the insane. He has
been honored with several town ofifices, and
at present is town treasurer.
He is a prominent Mason and Odd Fel
low and is also a raeraber of the G. A. R.,
having held several iraportant offices in the
departraent of Vermont.
Dr. Johnson was raarried, March 29, 1869,
to Asenath A., daughter of Samuel and
.\lmira (Currier) Weeks of Wheelock.
JOHNSON, William Edward, of
^\'oodstock, son of Eliakim and Harrie A.
(Collamer) Johnson, was born in Wood
stock, June 26, 1 84 1.
He received his preparatory education at
KimbaU Union Acaderay, Meriden, N. H.,
and entered Dartmouth College from which
he graduated in the class of 1862.
He studied law with Gov. P. T. Washburn
and Hon. Charles P. Marsh of the firm of
Washburn & Marsh, and was admitted to
the bar of Windsor county at the May
term, 1865. He has from that time on

WILLIAM EDWARD JOHNSON.
been actively engaged in the practice of his
profession at Woodstock. A noticeable thing
in his legal work is the large number
of cases referred to him for decision, and
for findings of fact, more perhaps than to
any other lawyer in the state. Mr. Johnson

JONES.
is the grandson of the late Hon. Jacob
CoUaraer. He has proved his business capacity, and
is a director in the Woodstock National
Bank, the Woodstock Hotel Co., and the
Aqueduct Co.
He has been always attached to the prin
ciples of the RepubUcan party, and was
elected to the state Senate in 1888. From
1872 to 1874 he was state's attorney for
Windsor county.
Mr. Johnson was united in marriage,
August 20, 1866, at Woodstock, to Miss
EUzabeth, daughter of Philo and Elizabeth
M. (Fitch) Hatch. Of this union there is
one child : Margaret L.
JONES, Edwin Kent, of South North-
field, son of Daniel and Rhoda (Pratt) Jones,
was born in the town of Randolph, June 4,
1828. He was the youngest of a family of
five children, and his mother dying when he
was an infant, he found a good home in the
household of Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Kent, of
Warren, in the schools of which|place he re
ceived his education.

JONES.

25

EDWIN KENT JONES.
He removed to Northfield when he was
twenty years of age and becarae a house car
penter. He erected the first academy and a
large number of dweUing houses in North-
field during the thriving and prosperous
times that followed the advent of the railroad.
In i860 he went to South Northfield to settle
the estate of his brother-in-law, George S.
Edson, and soon after formed a partnership

with his uncle, engaging in trade and at the
same time giving some attention to lumber
ing and the manufacture of chairs. By his
various enterprises he has added materially
to the prosperity and welfare of the village.
Mr. Jones is a RepubUcan in his politi
cal preferences, has served the town in vari
ous capacities, as justice, selectraan and as
town representative in 1866 and 1867. He
is the author of the militia law which is the
basis of the present systera. In 1882 and
1884 he was elected senator from ^V'ashington
county. He has been prominently connected
with the Dog River VaUey Fair Association as
its treasurer and president.
He is a member of the DeWitt Chnton
Lodge, F. & A. M.
He was married Dec. 30, 1852, to Har
riet E., daughter of Samuel and Harriet
(Gardner) Dodge, of Northfield. Four
children have been born to them, of whora
three are living : Fred A., Susie E.( deceased),
Minnie A. (Mrs. E. H. Prince of Chicago),
and Jessie A.
JONES, Henry R., of Benson, son of
Henry and Loderaa (Crawford) Jones, was
born in Shorehara, Dec. 11, 1822.
He received his early instruction in the
public schools of Shorehara and Newton
Acaderay and afterward as a student at Burr
Serainary in Manchester, frora which he
graduated in 1844. After teaching a pri
vate school for one year he commenced the
study of raedicine with Dr. Joel Rice of Brid
port. He attended his first course of lect
ures at the raedical coUege in Castleton, con
tinuing his studies with Dr. Joseph Perkins,
professor of obstetrics and materia medica
in that institution, and graduated in the faU
of 1-849. The following year he comraenced
his professional labors in New Haven, but
left to attend a post graduate course at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons in New
York City. Devoting several raonths to hos
pital practice and attending lectures, he re
turned to Verraont and settled at Benson,
where he has since enjoyed a large and
lucrative practice.
In educational matters he has taken great
interest and was for a long time town super
intendent of schools. Dr. Jones has always
voted the Republican ticket, both national
and state, up to the tirae of President Cleve
land's nomination in 1884 ; since then he has
been independent in his political views.
In the winter of 1863 he was appointed by
Governor Holbrook one of the board for the
county of Rutland to examine those liable to
military duty with a view to selecting the fit
test subjects to choose from in case of a
draft. He represented Benson in the House
in the years 1868 and '69, serving each ses
sion on the coraraittee on education, and

226

JONES.

JONES.

contributed largely to obtaining a special
charter for a railroad frora Fair Haven or
WhitehaU to sorae point on Lake Champlain.
Early in its history he became a member
of the State Medical Society. In 1884 he
was chosen delegate to the Araerican Medical
Association and to the Burhngton Medical

cultural pursuits chiefly for many years, cul
tivating the estate which has been in the
family for over a century. He formerly
made a specialty of breeding Durham cattle
and Merino sheep, but of late years has
devoted his attention more especially to
sheep and horses. Mr. Jones and S. S.
Rockwell originated the business of export
ing iraproved sheep, sending away the first
lot in 1843. This enterprise first extended
to the Mississippi river, and in i860 to the
Pacific coast. He made many trips west
before any railroads were built in that sec
tion, and reraained on that coast five years,
having his horses and sheep shipped to him,
his headquarters being at San Francisco.
Mr. Jones was forraerly a whig, and be
carae a Republican when that party was
formed. He has been elected four times to
the House of Representatives from his town.

HENRY R, JONES,

CoUege at its annual examination of students
preparatory to graduation. In the organiza
tion of the Rutland County Medical and Sur
gical Society he took an active part and was
early elected its president.
lie was united in marriage at Benson,
May 18, 1853, to Louise R., daughter of
Hon. Isaac and Louise C. (Chase) Norton.
Five children have been the fruit of this
union, three of whom stiU survive : Eraraa
S., Henry R., Jr., M. D., and Charles N.
JONES, Rollin J., of West Corn
wall, son of Arnzi and Hepzibath (Harvey)
Jones, was born in Cornwall, Nov. 12, 18 19.
His mother was a relative of Jaraes Hervey,
M. A., one of the most popular EngUsh
authors of the eighteenth century. His
father was a great-grandson of Benjamin
Jones, who was an ofificer in the EngUsh
army. His progenitors came to America in
the early settleraent of the country.
He received his early education at the
common schools in Cornwall, and afterward
went to Hinesburgh Academy and frora
thence to the high school at Saco, Me.
He owns one of the raost productive
farras in the state, and he has followed agri-

ROLLIN J. JONES.

in 1849, 1850, 1867, and 1868, and three
times to the Senate, in 1853, 1854, and 1869.
He was a raeraber of the Constitutional Con
vention in 1857. In 1870 he accepted the
coUectorship of internal revenue for the first
congressional district under President Grant,
at the sarae tirae refusing to. have his name
considered for the position of Lieutenant-
Governor of the state. He was a popular
candidate, having never been beaten in con
vention or at the poUs, and has declined
being a candidate for many important offices
that seemed easily within his reach. He re
tired from politics early in life, peferring to

JONES.

JONES.

227

-devote his time to the manageraent of his
estate. Mr. Jones has been a member of the Bap
tist church since 1840. He is one of the
board of managers of the state Baptist con
vention for helping destitute churches and
one of the board of managers of the Baptist
State Historical Society. He has also held
for many years the position of a trustee of
Saxton's River Academy.
He was married in Hinesburgh, on Sept.
15, 1842, to Flora, daughter of Sarah and
-Austin Beecher. From this union two
daughters were born : Martha Grace, and
Alice May, both of whom died in youth.
Mr. Jones has been a hberal contributor
to the Sheldon Museum of Middlebury. He
is a man of literary tastes, quiet and unas
suming in his raanner, yet withal possesses
-an extended acquaintance and is largely
influential in the state.
JONES, Walter Alonzo, late of
Waitsfield, son of Hirara and Laura (Car
penter) Jones, was born in Waitsfield, July
27, 1840. His father, Hiram Jones, was
prominent in town and county afifairs.

WALTER ALONZO JONES.
The boyhood and youth of Mr. Jones were
spent upon his father's farm, and he received
his primary education in the public schools,
after which he fitted for coUege at Barre
Academy. In the faU of 186 1 he entered
the University of Verraont, but was obliged
tto leave in his sophomore year on account

of Ul-health. He was graduated frora the
medical college at Pittsfield, Mass., in 1865,
and practiced his profession for a short time
at Fabius, N. Y., and afterwards in his native
town. In 1868 he, with others, bought the
somewhat extensive mercantile business of
his uncle, and this soon after carae into his
hands exclusively, for which reason he relin
quished the practice of his profession and
devoted hiraself to business pursuits.
Dr. Jones was actively identified with town
aff'airs, especially interesting hiraself in edu
cational progress, and to him more than any
other is due the great iraproveraent and
enviable reputation of the schools of Waits
field. He represented his town in 1880 and
1882, serving each terra as chairraan of the
grand list committee. His well demonstrated
capacity for afifairs, the high esteem in which
he was held, easily gave hira the noraination
to the state Senate in 1888. This was his
last public service.
Dr. Jones was a leading and consistent
member of the Congregational church and
had its interests always at heart. For four
teen years he acted as superintendent of the
Sunday school.
He raarried, at Waitsfield, Nov. 17, 1869,
Elvira, daughter of Jedediah and Naomi
(Joslin) Bushnell, and of this union there
were born two sons : Matt B., and Walter E.
Dr. Jones died Feb. 9, 1892, not before the
people of Washington county, and indeed
of the state of Vermont, had learned and
appreciated his worth, so that they sorrowed
for the loss of a good raan, a valuable citi
zen, a wise counseUor, and a trusted friend.
JONES, Walter Frank, of West
Dover, son of WilUara H. and Diana (AlUs)
Jones, was born in Dover, April 7, 1840.
His educational advantages were obtained
in the coramon schools of Dover and at WU
raington high school, from which he gradu
ated in i860. After the completion of his
studies he entered his father's store as clerk,
in which he remained for sorae years, and
then took charge of the hotel in West Wards
boro. Remaining there a year, he again
returned to his native town and entered into
partnership with his father to do a general
merchandise trade, which connection lasted
seven years.
Mr. Jones was raarried, April 23, 1862, to
Miss Annette, daughter of Levi and Nancy
(Rice) Snow, of Soraerset. Of this union
are two children : Orrin H., and H. Jennie.
Mrs. Jones died Dec. 16, 1881. He was
united to Martha A., daughter of Wells P.
and Mary Ann (Bowker) AUis, who died
Dec. 29, 1892, leaving one child: Martha A.
Mr. Jones held the ofifice of postraaster for
ten years, being appointed under President
Lincoln in 1861, and from tirae to time has

JOYCE.

JOYCE.

filled nearly every one of the town ofifices ;
for ten years he was town clerk and treas-

WALTER FRANK JONES.
urer. He was elected to the General Assem
bly frora Dover in 1888, an honor which he
again received in 1892.
JOYCE, Charles H., of Rutland, son
of Charles and Martha E. (Grist) Joyce, was
born in Wherwell, England, Jan. 30, 1830.
He carae to this country with his parents
in 1836, and settled in Waitsfield. He
worked on a farra and attended the district
school, winters, untU he was eighteen years
old, when he left the farra and completed
his education at the Waitsfield and North-
field Academies and at Newbury Serainary.
He was a page in the Vermont House of
Representatives three sessions, assistant
librarian one year, and librarian one year.
He taught school several terms, at the same
time pursuing his legal studies under Hon. F.
F. MerrUl of Montpeher, and the late Col. F.
V. RandaU of Northfield. He was adraitted
to the bar of Washington county at the Sep
tember term, 1852, and coraraenced the prac
tice of law at Northfield in Deceraber, 1855.
In Septeraber, 1856, he was elected state's
attorney of Washington county, and re-elected
in 1857. During the last year of service as
state's attorney he greatly distinguished hira
self in the prosecution and conviction of one
Ariel Martin, for the raurder of two raen in
Calais. Hon. Jaraes Barrett presided at the
trial and Martin was defended by Paul
DUlinghara and Luther L. Durant.

In June, 1861, he was appointed by Gov.
Erastus Fairbanks major of the 2nd Regt'
Vt. Vols. Infantry, the first three years'"
regiment to leave the state, and in June
following he was promoted by Governor
Holbrook to lieutenant-colonel in the same
regiment. He fought gallantly with his regi
ment in the first battle of Bull Run ; at Lees
Mills ; at Williarasburgh ; at Golden's Farm •
at Savage Station ; at White Oak Swamp ¦ at
the second Bull Run ; and at Fredericks
burg. In several of these battles he was
specially mentioned by his superior officers
for gallant conduct upon the field. In Jan
uary, 1863, he was compeUed to resign his
commission on account of a severe disa
bility contracted during the campaign of
1861. On his retirement from the army Colond
Joyce removed to Rutland and resumed the
practice of his profession. At the March

CHARLES H. JOYCE.

term, 1869, of the Rudand county court, the
case of State against Ziba, Fred and Horace
Plumley for the raurder of one John Gilman
was tried ; Colonel Joyce had charge of the
defence, and his argument for the respond
ents attracted wide attention and placed
him at once in the front rank of jury advo
cates in this state. In 1874 he was engaged
to assist the state's attorney in the prose
cution of John P. Fair for the murder of one
Anne Frieze at Rutland under the most
horrible circumstances. The case attracteo
wide attention and it was said by the daily

JOYCE.

JUDEVINE.

229

press of the day that Colonel Joyce's closing
argument was a masterly effort and highly
appreciated by the bar and the vast audience
present at the trial. But probably the great
est effort ever made by him and the most
splendid victory he ever achieved at the bar,
was in the celebrated case of Calvin S. Inman
of Poultney, tried for the shooting of Patrick
Sennott, at the Septeraber terra of Rutland
county court, 1889, and acquitted. The
colonel made the closing arguraent for the
defence and during its delivery the large
court room was packed with people from all
parts of the county. A death-like stUlness
was preserved by the vast audience until he
closed, when the deep murraur of applause
showed the efifect produced by the fiery and
eloquent words of the advocate. The Rut
land Daily Herald speaking of the arguraent
said : " Colonel Joyce was eloquent and im
pressive. It was the effort of his life. He
was inspiring ; he was pathetic ; and with
the magical witchery of a silver tongue he
painted a portrait so touching, so saddening
that at tiraes there was scarcely a dry eye in
the audience. Again in characterizing the
affray, and that which led up to it, he gave
full reign to his terrible power of denuncia
tion." In 1869 he was elected a raember of the
state House of Representatives from the
town of Rutland, and in 1870 was again
elected for two years, during which time he
was speaker of the House. In 1874 he was
elected to Congress from the first congres
sional district, and re-elected in 1876, 1878
and 1880. Colonel Joyce took an active
part during his eight years service in the
national House of Representatives, in the
discussion of raost of the iraportant ques
tions which carae before Congress. In 1876
he made speeches on the death of Vice-
President 'Wilson ; on the presentation of the
statue of Ethan AUen ; on early resumption
of specific payments ; on the centennial cele-
'bration of the Araerican independence ; in
1878 on the repeal of the resumption act
-and the remonetization of silver ; on the
election of President and Vice-President ;
on the tariff ; on an araendment to the Mexi
can war pension bill, to exclude rebels from
the pension roU ; in 1879, on the policy of
the Democrats in forcing an extra session of
Congress by failing to pass the regular ap
propriation biUs; in 1880, on coramercial
reciprocity between this country and Canada ;
¦on the alcoholic liquor tariff; and in 1882,
on Chinese immigration ; on the apportion
ment of representatives to the national Con
gress ; and on the policy of the government
in relation to pensions. Many of these
speeches attracted the attention not only of
the people of Vermont, but of the whole
country and were widely circulated.

In politics Colonel Joyce has always been
an earnest, thorough-going Republican, and
has in every presidential campaign since 1852
done effective work upon the sturap for his
party, not only in Verraont, but in New
Hampshire, Connecticut, Indiana and New
York. He has long been ranked among the lead
ing platform orators in the country ; a fine
voice, an earnest, impressive manner, a thor
ough knowledge of his subject, and a firm
conviction of the truth of what he utters, are
among the elements which make hira one of
the raost eloquent and efifective speakers be
fore a popular audience in this country.
During aU the years of his busy and labor
ious life, in his profession and in Congress,
he has found time to respond to aU the nura
erous caUs made upon hira for the 4th of
July orations, addresses at agricultural fairs,
Meraorial Day addresses, and lectures upon
a great variety of subjects. He has always
been a close and thorough student and a
keen and interested observer of raen and
things. His favorite books outside of the
law, are the Bible, Shakespeare, Milton, Bun-
yan's Pilgrim's Progress, Scott's works and
Dickens', while history, biography, poUtical
economy and general literature make up the
catalogue. The esteera in which Colonel
Joyce has always been held by the people of
his adopted state is fully shown by the posi
tions of trust and honor to which they have
so often called him.
He was married, Feb. 21, 1853, to Rouene
Morris, daughter of Gurdon and Laura
(Scott) Randall, of Northfield. Of this
union there are now Uving one son and one
daughter. The son, Charles Pitt F., gradu
ated at Princeton in 1887 and at Dartmouth
Medical College in 1892. The daughter,
Inez Rouene (educated at Tilden Seminary,
Lebanon, N. H., and Teraple Grove, Sara-
togo, N. Y.), was raarried, March, 1877, at
Washington, D. C, to Theron C. Crawford
of Michigan.
JUDEVINE, Harvey, of West Concord,
son of Cornelius and Lucy (Wetherbee)
Judevine, was born in Concord, March 28,
1820. The narae of Judevine has been prom
inent in the annals of the town of Concord
for almost a century. Cornelius Judevine
came thither in 1805, was the first merchant
who settled there, and had a large and pros
perous trade, yet he found some leisure to
attend to public affairs, for he represented
the town in the state Legislature twice.
The raaternal grandfather of Harvey, Capt.
Sarauel '\\'etherbee, was a captain in the
Revolutionary war and raarried Susannah
Johnson, who with her father's family was
captured by the Indians, August 29, 1754, at
Charlestown, N. H. She had a sister named

230

JUDEVINE.

KELTON.

Captive (from the fact that she was born on
the march of the prisoners to Canada) .

HARVEY JUDEVINE

Harvey Judevine passed through the usual
educational course in the coraraon schools.

KELTON, FRANCIS P., of East Mont
pelier, son of Sarauel S. and Ursula (Sprague)
Kelton, was born in East Montplier, May 6,
1 84 1. The name of Kelton has been well
known and honored in this town for three
generations. The grandfather of Francis P.
settled in town in 1798. His son Samuel S.
Kelton was prorainent in official aff'airs for
sixteen years ; was assistant judge of Wash
ington county court for two years. He
moved to Montpelier in 1876 and died there
March, 1892.
Francis P. was born and reared on the
paternal horaestead, receiving sueh educa
tion as the coramon schools afforded, sup
plemented by a course of instruction at Dr.
Spaulding's Academy at Barre.
He married, Jan. 19, 1876, Joanna A.,
daughter of Capt. Edwin J. and Mary (Wig-
glesworth) Colby of Salisbury, Mass., of
which marriage there is issue : Mary H.,
Raymond A., and Robert S.
Mr. Kelton has successfully pursued the
vocation of a farmer on the farra which his
father occupied. He has raade a specialty
of dairy products and raising thoroughbred
Jerseys. Here he lives, respected by his

and then was admitted to the Concord gram
mar school. He also attended the academy
in Plymouth, N. H.
At the time of his raajority, Mr. Judevine
becarae practically the superintendent in the
manageraent of his father's affairs until the-
death of the latter in 1862. For years he
has been in active business, being engaged in
the manufacture of luraber. He is best known
however, as a real estate operator and farm.
manager and is the owner of a very exten
sive property including no less than seven.
different farras.
On the 23d of August, 1846, he was
united in raarriage to Florilla Jane, daughter
of Rev. Josiah Morse of Concord. Their
only child, Luthera M., died at the age of
sixteen. Mr. Judevine contracted a second
alliance, Feb. 27, 1861, with Angle, daughter
of Ebenezer and Lepha (Joslin) Holbrook,
also of Concord.
Mr. Judevine is a staunch Republican,.
and, beginning with constable, has held al
raost every town ofifice and is now chairman
of the board of school directors. He was-
representative from Concord in 1865 and
fifteen years later senator for Essex county,,
serving in the Senate on the grand list
committee. He is of a raarked and original personal
ity, serious and refiective, but with an under
lying and spontaneous vein of wit and humor.
For nearly half a century his influence in
town afifairs has been extensive and contin-

FRANCIS P. KELTON

KELTON.

KEMP.

231

townsmen, all of whom recognize his private
worth and hearty interest in all good works.
He belongs to the majority party of the
state, has been selectman and held other
civU ofifices, as well as representing East
Montpelier in the state Legislature in 1890.
KELTON, Truman Chittenden, of
East Montpeher, son of Naura and Fanny
(Vincent) Kelton, was born in the town of
MontpeUer, May 11, 181 7. The father was
an early pioneer, born in Warwick, Mass.,
1778, coraing to MontpeUer in 1798. He
was an excellent farmer, a successful teacher
and five times a representative of the orig
inal town of Montpelier.
The son received his education in the
comraon schools and learned the trade of a
raason, which he followed for raore than
thirteen years. He is, however, better
known as a farmer and business man. He
has successfully cultivated an estate of raore
than two hundred acres, the basis of which
has been owned and occupied by the Kelton
faraily for nearly a century. He is esteeraed
a man of excellent judgment and thoroughly
conscientious in every work he undertakes.

TRUMAN CHITTENDEN KELTON.
Such a raan would naturally and properly
be sought for public ofifice, accordingly we
find him acceptably filUng the positions of
town treasurer for fourteen years, town clerk
thirty-one years, and justice of the peace
twenty-five years; while in 1863 and 1864
he was called upon to represent East Mont
peUer in the Legislature.

In 1846 he married Emehne E., daughter
of Joel and Ruba (Metcah) Bassett. Their
raarriage has been blessed with six children,
five of whom survive : George, Herbert,
Henry, Fanny (Mrs. A. D. Coburn), Walter
(deceased), and Edwin, all residing in this
vicinity. In recent years he has acted as a local
counsel in business afifairs, has executed
nearly aU deeds required in his neighbor
hood, performed all the ofifices of a convey
ancer and settled more than twenty-five
estates, sorae of them involving extensive
interests. KEMP, Dean Gustavus, of Montpeher,
son of Phineas A. and Betsey (Blanchard)
Kemp, was born in W'orcester, Nov. 8, 1841.

.i^ft^.^

DEAN GUSTAVUS KEMP.

He resided with his father until he was
about eighteen years of age, and spent his
time in attendance at the district school and
in hard work on the farra. He then went to
Montpelier, and became a pupil in the W'ash-
ington county grararaar school. In 1862 he
entered the ofifice of Dr. W. H. H. Richard
son, as a raedical student, and afterwards
attended a course of lectures at the BeUevue
Hospital Medical CoUege of New York City,
where he graduated March 26, 1866, and
comraenced the practice of his profession
with his first instructor. Soon after, he pur
chased the residence of Dr. Richardson and
succeeded him in a large and successful prac
tice, which he retains to the present time.

232

KENFIELD.

Dr. Kemp was a meraber of the board of ex
amining physicians for pensions under the
adrainistrations of Presidents Garfield, Arthur
and Harrison, and has been for years the
treasurer of the Verraont Medical Society and
was its president in 1886. He has been sec
retary of the Montpeher school board for
several years and is a director of the Mont
peher Electric Light and Power Manufact
uring Co.
He was raarried to Annette C, daughter of
George W. and Laura (Cady) Maxhara, of
Northfield, Sept. 5, 1866.
In poUtics he is a Repubhcan ; and is a
raeraber of Bethany Congregational church.
KENFIELD, FRANK, of Morrisville, son
of Asaph and Eliza (Shephard) Kenfield, was
born in Sterling, now a part of Morristown,
March 13, 1838. George Kenfield, the
grandfather of Frank, was a soldier of the
Revolution. Asaph was the first male child
born in Morristown, and followed farming as
his life occupation. He was born June 26,
1794, and died Oct. 11, 1866.

FRANK KENFIELD.
Frank was educated in the common
schools, and at the People's Academy,
MorrisviUe. After he was of age, he went
to Massachusetts for a year, where he taught
school and then made a tour of observation
through the West and South. In the spring
of i860 he returned from his wanderings,
built a saw mill at Morristown Corners and
commenced the lumber business, but this

KENISTON.
was interrupted by the call to arms, that
resounded through the land in 1861.
He enhsted Sept. 24, 1862, as a private
in Co. E, 13th Regt Vt. Vols., was immedi
ately elected 2d lieutenant, and soon after
promoted to be ist lieutenant. He was with
his regiment every day of its service, and
when General Pickett made his furious
charge at Gettysburg he had the good fortune
to capture a confederate captain, whose
sword is stiU in his possession. In the latter
part of this engagement he received a severe
wound. On his recovering he again entered
the service, recruited Co. C, 17th Regt.,
was coraraissioned its captain, and mustered
in, Feb. 8, 1864. The third attempt at
battalion drill of this regiment was on the
bloody field of the Wilderness, and there
Captain Kenfield was again severely wounded,
sent to the hospital at Fredericksburg and
allowed a thirty-days' furlough. At the
battle of Petersburg Mine, July 30, 1864, his
company was almost annihilated, and he was
captured and sent to Columbia, S. C. After
seven months' iraprisonraent he was trans
ferred to Wilmington, N. C, and paroled.
He was raustered out of U. S. service. May
15, 1865.
Since his return frora the army Captain
Kenfield has been actively engaged in mer
cantile pursuits, but more recently he has
given attention to farming and stock and
produce buying.
He has been entrusted with nearly every
town oflfice, and was sent to the Legislature
in 1884, where he served on the general and
mihtary committees. He was influential in
securing the appropriation for the soldiers'
home, and was appointed one of its trustees.
He holds the ofifice of assistant quarter
master-general of the department of Vermont
G. A. R.
He married, Sept. 5, 1866, Lamott C,
daughter of Lomis and Catherine Wheelock
of Montpeher ; she died in 1872, leaving one
daughter, Kate B. (Mrs. Cari Smith). Feb
ruary 9, 1874, he forraed a second alliance
with Mrs. Margaret Lyraan, daughter of
David and Ann Cruller.
Captain Kenfield is a raember of the
Loyal Legion, and has served as commander
of J. M. Warren Post, G. A. R., of Morris
ville. F'or more than thirty years he has
been nurabered among the brotherhood of
Free Masons.
KENISTON, Nathan, oi Greensboro,
son of Nathan and Grace (Currier) Kenis-
ton, was born in Cabot, Feb. 5, 1816. His
father was a native of Portsmouth, N. H.,
and was one of the earliest settlers of Cabot.
The son received his scanty education in
the district school and remained at home
till he was twenty-two years of age when he

KENISTON.

KIMBALL.

233

removed to Greensboro and was eraployed
as laborer on a farra in that vicinity, but be
ing desirous to see soraething of the world
outside the narrow circle to which his pre
vious life had been limited, he walked with
a companion to Boston, a distance of more
than two hundred mUes, where he engaged
in the occupation of brick making in the
suraraer season whUe he drove a general
delivery wagon between Dover and Boston
during the winter. He remained in Boston
and vicinity about five years, then returned
to Greensboro, where he bought a sraall
farm which he managed raost successfully in
spite of the serious apprehension of his
friends that he would fail in this atterapt,
but this word was not to be found in his
dictionary and he struggled on, bought ad
joining land — in all, five hundred acres— and
devoting a large part of his efforts to dairy
products, brought this enterprise to a pros
perous issue by his unflagging zeal and indus
try. In addition to his ordinary occupation
he plied the trade of brick raason and plasterer
and as he had no rival in the place he did a
remunerative business. In 1858 he bought the
grist miU at Greensboro Village, made exten
sive repairs and thus had another source of in
come ; not content he added to his other
properties a saw raill privilege, built and
equipped the raUl with the first circular saw
ever used in the place, then took as a partner
Hiram Blaisdell. These mUls they afterwards
exchanged for a large agricultural property in
Hardwick. Having obtained some knowl
edge of the trade of carpenter and joiner, he
abandoned his farm in Greensboro and built
the house where he now resides in Greens
boro Village and in addition erected other
dweUings in that place and St. Johnsbury.
Mr. Keniston was married. May 4, 1845,
to Abigail, daughter of Zaccheus and Jennet
(Atwood) Thompson, who died Nov. 12,
1866. He was a second time wedded,
August 19, 1868, to Mary E. EUsworth,
daughter of Charles B. and AbigaU (Cobb)
Field. No children have been the fruit of
either union, but in 1848 he adopted EUoit
F. Rollins, who lost his life in the war of the
rebellion, and in 18 71 he adopted Myrtle
Thompson who died about two years later.
In political choice he has been a life-long
Deraocrat, yet has never desired or sought
preferraent. He has been elected justice of
the peace, raember of the school board and
highway surveyor. In 185 i he united with
the Congregational church and he has ever
been a generous donor to the society in
Greensboro as weU as a liberal contributor
to home and foreign missions, with which he
has especially identified himself by becoming
an honorary member of the American board
and making Mrs. Keniston a life raeraber of
the American Horae Missionary Society.

Mr. Keniston is the last survivor of a very
large Bible class and has always taken a
lively interest in church affairs, but his
generous heart does not confine itself to the
outward forms of religion, for his kindly
charity is extended to all in need or sorrow.
KEYES, Thomas C, of Newbury, son
of Freeman and Emeline C. (Jewett) Keyes,
was born in Newbury, Jan. i, 1844.
He was educated chiefly at Newbury
Seminary, and then passed through a course
of instruction at the Commercial and Colle
giate Institute of New Haven, Conn.
In 1864 Mr. Keyes was adraitted as a
partner in the raercantUe firra of F. & H.
T. Keyes & Co., and since his father's death
in 187 1, he has owned and continued the
business. He is a Republican in his political sym
pathies, and was appointed postmaster in
1875, which ofifice he continued to hold for
ten years. He was elected to represent
Newbury in the House in 1886, and has
long been a raeraber of the Republican
town coraraittee.
Mr. Keyes was united in marriage, Nov.
24, 1881, in Chicago, IU., to Martha »P.,
daughter of John and Elizabeth (Hosmer)
Morse, of St. Jonnsbury.
KIMBALL, ROBERT JACKSON, of Ran
dolph, son of Hirara and Jerusha (Bradish)
Kirabail, was born in Randolph, Feb. 16,
1836. His ancestors vsfere EngUsh and his
grandfather and great-grandfather both served
in the Revolutionary war in Col. Samuel B.
Webb's 3d Conn. Regt. His grandfather
removed frora Porafret, Conn., to Randolph
about the year 1795.
He was educated at the West Randolph
Academy and coramenced business at the
early age of thirteen as a newsboy on the
Verraont Central R. R. ; was afterwards a
telegraph operator and expressman and has
been interested in telegraph and railroad en
terprises to a considerable extent ever since,
and is now director in the old Vermont &
Boston Telegraph Co. He engaged in the
banking business at Toronto, Canada, in
1862 and in 1865 estabhshed a banking house
in New York, which stiU continues as R. J.
KirabaU & Co. In 1872, owing to a great
decline in securities, he was unable to raeet
his engageraents in fuU and settied with his
creditors within forty-eight hours after his
failure by the payment of twenty-five cents
on the dollar and received his discharge
from any further obbgation. In 1881 he
paid the other seventy-five per cent together
with nine years' interest at six per cent, the
whole amounting to many thousands of
dollars. He was an aid-de-camp on Governor

2 34 KING.
DiUingham's Staff, 1888 to 1890; represented
the town of Randolph in the Legislature in
1890 and 1 89 1, and served on the coraraittee
of ways and raeans, banks, and special joint
coramittee on the World's Columbian Expo
sition, and was consular agent at Toronto in
1864. He is vice-president of the State
RepubUcan League, also the Repubhcan
Club at Randolph, and a trustee of the State
Normal School at Randolph.
He raarried Martha L., daughter of Charles
A. Morse, in 1863.
While he has for many years been a meni-

ROBERT JACKSON KIMBALL.

ber of the Baptist church, his Uberal support
to the cause has not been confined to that
denomination. He has shown his gener
osity and public spirit in many ways in differ
ent enterprises in his native town. He has
a horae in Brooklyn, N. Y., where he was
instruraental in forming a flourishing society
of Vermonters, of which he was made presi
dent, and is connected as a trustee in various
important religious, charitable and other in
stitutions in that city. He has maintained
his home in West Randolph since 1864.
KING, Aaron N., of Tunbridge, son of
Eld. Nathaniel and Lydia (Noyes) King, was
born in Randolph, July i, 1820. His father
Elder King was one of the earhest settiers of
Tunbridge, and was one of the first preachers
of the FreewiU Baptist denomination west of
the Connecticut river. So raarked was his
abihty many were the revivals that followed

his preaching. Through his efforts largely
was the first conference of the denomination
organized at Tunbridge. To him came the
coraraittee appointed to prepare the articles
of faith, and the doctrines outhned by him
and written down by the coramittee were the
articles of faith found in the Treatise of the
denomination. He preached from stumps
in the woods, in barns and later in houses of
worship. The days not spent in preaching
were spent in labor and by his frugality and
industry he accumulated a large property.
He represented Tunbridge in the Legislature
thirteen years and held raany ofifices of trust,
he found time however for study and was
noted as a Bible student and theologian in
the yearly meetings of the denomination in
this state.
Mr. A. N. King was the youngest of thir
teen children. In his earher business Ufe he
was a farmer and was succesful in this pur
suit. Deceraber 2, 1841, he was raarried to Eliza
B. Nutter at Northfield. Two sons were the

AARON N. KING.

fruit of this union : Heber A., and Millard T.
In 1854 Mr. King embarked in mercantile
business in Tunbridge, and is still engaged in
it. At about the same time he engaged in
banking and was for several years a director
in the Royalton bank. He was also a director
in the Orange County National Bank, of
Chelsea, and for several years, until its suc
cessful close in 1893, president of the First Na
tional Bank, of Chelsea. At the expiration
of the charter of this bank the National Bank

KING.

KING.

235

of Orange County was organized through his
efforts, and he was elected its first president.
He has nearly completed forty years service
as a bank ofificer. He has bought farm after
farm until he is one of the largest landed
proprietors of Orange county, and, at an age
when other men retire from active business,
is continually at work looking after various
interests. He has been an active meraber of the
Repubhcan party since its organization and
represented TunlDridge in the Legislature in
1868 and 1869, was for twenty-five years
postraaster, several years town treasurer and
has held other ofifices in Tunbridge.
His elder son, Heber A., was early asso
ciated with hira in his mercantile business,
continuing in this until his death, Dec. 2,
i88g. The younger son, after getting his
education at Randolph Academy, entered the
store of his father and has for a long term of
years been the junior meraber of the firm of
A. N. King & Son. He, like hisfather, is an
active member of the Republican party and
represented Tunbridge in i884-'85 and was a
senator frora Orange county in i888-'89. Has
been treasurer of the town the greater part of
the tirae since 1881. He has been post
master several years and is a director of the
National Bank of Orange County.
KING, Charles W., late of Lunenburg,
son of WiUard and Laura L. (Ladd) King, was
born at Lunenburg, Nov. 9, 1832. His
father. Captain Willard King, was an old
resident of the place, industrious, frugal,
conscientious, and ever a most zealous
worker in the cause of teraperance and
religion. He started in life with no capital
but his two hands and an axe, cleared for
hiraself a farm about three and one-half
miles from the present vUlage, and there
lived, labored and reared his faraily of eight
chUdren. Charles W. was early trained to labor, and
his opportunities for an education in the
district school were but meagre. After the
crops were harvested he was able to attend
school a few weeks, boarding at horae and
walking seven raUes. But he had an insa
tiable desire for knowledge, and every spare
moment was spent in reading and studying.
He taught school at seventeen, and at
twenty-one was elected superintendent, and
for several years was an important factor in
educational moveraents in his town and
county. Mr. King was bred a farraer, and
to this occupation was given his chief atten
tion, though he was also successfuUy engaged
in other business. He was everywhere re
cognized as a man of keen insight, at once
sure and rapid in his conclusions, and of
excellent general abUity. He was frequently

trusted with the raanageraent and settleraent
of estates, invested funds for others, and
occupied responsible financial positions in
large enterprises. January 18, 1884, he was
elected treasurer of The Browns' Luraber
Co., of Whitefield, N. H., and occupied that
position tiU his decease. He was for a long
time a director of the First National Bank
of St. Johnsbury, and was in his last years
its vice-president.
Republican in politics, as such he repre
sented Lunenburg in 1874, and served on
the committee on education, and was influ
ential in 'abolishing the board of education
and electing a state superintendent. In
1878 he was chosen to the state Senate from
Essex county, and again served on the com
mittee on education. He was trustee of
Johnson State Normal School and two years
county road commissioner, also many years
justice of the peace. In all of the varied
and private trusts committed to his hands
Mr. King was faithful, diligent and efificient,
and earned the respect and esteera of his
associates. He married, Dec. 25, i860, Jennie, daugh
ter of Reuben and Fannie Chandler. Their
children are : Charles C, and Willard G.
Mr. King died at Whitefield, N. H., August
12, 1893, regretted by all to whora he had
become known by his public, business and
social life.
KING, Charles M., of Benson, son of
Mosley F. and Juliette King, was born in
Benson, Feb. 26, 1849.
He received a careful training in the com
mon schools of Benson and Barre Academy,
forming the industrious habits and sound
ideas which were to render him efificient ser
vice in the events of his after life. Like so
many citizens of the Green Mountain state,
Mr. King has devoted himself to farming in
the town where he was born. This vocation
he has pursued in aU its branches, and by
patient and unremitting toil has met with
merited success, attaining a high position
among the citizens of Benson. He is a Re
pubhcan in his pohtical faith, and has dis
charged acceptably the duties of selectraan
and other town ofifices. He has been for
raany years a director of the Rutland County
Agricultural Society, and is also a director in
the Western Verraont Agricultural Society.
His high reputation for intelligence and
energy met with a fitting reward in his
choice as representative of Benson to the
Legislature in 1888, where he manifested the
sarae careful and attentive consideration
which had always characterized his private
life, in his attention to his legislative duties,
giving his services to the coraraittee on agri
culture.

236

KING

KINGSLEY.

Mr. King united with the M. E. Church in
1 88 1, and is now filUng the ofifice of one of
its stewards.

CHARLES M, KING.
He was married at Fair Haven, March 31,
1880, to Martha J., daughter of Nathaniel and
Dorcas(Kenyon)Fish. They haveone daugh
ter and one son : Candace D., and Carl F.
KING, Royal Daniel, of Benson, son
of Horace and Eunice (Belden) King, was
born in Benson, Nov. 17, 1824. His grand
father, a Revolutionary veteran, after the war
of independence moved from Connecticut
and settled in the town of Benson.
Mr. Royal D. King received his preUra-
inary instruction in district and private
schools, fitted for coUege at Castleton Sera
inary, and graduated from the University of
Verraont in 1846. His Ufe has been raainly
devoted to the profession of teaching, though
he spent some time in the law office of
SmaUey & Phelps of Burlington. He has
been an instructor both in his native state
and in IlUnois.
His first presidential vote was cast for
Henry Clay, and he has acted with the Re
pubUcan party since its inception. He has
taken an active part in the public work of
Benson, serving for a long period as town
superintendent of schools, and being select
man at the outbreak of the rebeUion he was
especially energetic in the enUstment of
soldiers, tiU he himself was raustered into the
United States service Sept. 10, 1862, in Co.

D, 14th Regt. Vt. Vols., with which command
he honorably served till after the victory of
Gettysburg, when he was raustered out with
the regiment July 30, 1863.
Mr. King received the corapUment of an
election as representative from Benson to the
Legislature in 1852 and 1854 and was ap
pointed a meraber of the committee on edu
cation in both sessions. He was reappointed
town superintendent and held the position
up to March, 1880. He was also elected
senator frora Rutland county in 1880, where
he again served on the coraraittee on educa
tion and also on that of the library.

ROYAL DANIEL KING.
For several years he was secretary of Aca
cia Lodge, F. & A. M.
KINGSLEY, JEROME Orlando, of
Athens, son of BiUy Gray and Lucy (Pal
mer) Kingsley, was born in South Wood
stock, Sept. 29, 1822.
Receiving a limited education in the dis
trict and select schools of South Woodstock,
he lived at home untU he was twenty-six
years of age, teaching in district schools
during the winter and laboring on the farm
in summer. In 1849 Mr. Kingsley went to
Plymouth and bought a farra, where he
lived eleven years, during which period he
held the ofifices of first selectraan and super:
intendent of schools for three and four
years respectively. In i860 he sold his farm
property and purchased an estate in Chester
in 1 86 1, where he remained for seven years,

LADD.

LANDON.

237

until 1868, acting as selectman during two
years of his residence in that place. He
then sold his farm and removed to Athens,
where he has since lived.
In 1870 he was the delegate frora Athens
to the Constitutional Convention, and repre
sented the town in 1870 and 1884. He has

discharged the duties of lister and justice
of the peace, and selectman for several years.
Mr. Kingsley was raarried on the 29th
day of March, 1849, to Angeline E., daugh
ter of John and Rebecca (Eaton) Sargent.
Of this union there was one chUd : Eugene
S. His wife died August 27, 1884.

LADD, Chester M., of Worcester, son
of Mark P., and Harriet (Hildreth) Ladd,
was born in Worcester, March 16, 1848. In
early life his father was a Methodist preacher,
and later a large and successful farmer, still
continuing occasionally to labor in the
former vocation in Worcester.
The son divided his time during the days
of his boyhood between farra labor and an
attendance of the schools of Worcester, and
upon the death of his father, went to Chicago,
where in connection with his brother he
estabhshed a mercantile business and also
dealt in real estate. In 1882, on account of
the failure of his wife's health, he returned
to Worcester and bought the large luraber
miU which he has since conducted with an
abihty that has met with weU-deserved suc
cess. His business has steadily increased
and he is now able to turn out one miUion
feet of lumber annuaUy. At the sarae tirae
he is an agriculturist, owning an exceUent
meadow farm which he cultivates with in
dustry and care, thus giving to himseh a
pleasant rural horae.
Mr. Ladd is a member of the M. E.
Church, and is a Republican in his political
aUegiance. He represented Worcester in
the Legislature of 1892, serving on the com
mittee of highways. He is a meraber of the
school board, and has held other town
offices. He was united in raarriage Sept. 2, 1868,
to Ella S., daughter of WiUiam and Lydia
(Carr) Bruce of Worcester. They have two
children : Mildred E., and Mark P.
LANDON, Mills J., of New Haven, son
of Ehsha H. and Charlotta (Hoyt) Landon,
was born in New Haven, Dec. 14, 1845.
He received his education at Beeman
Academy at New Haven, and Black River
Academy at Ludlow. He is and always has
been a practical farmer and dealer in young
stock. He has made a specialty of the dairy
business, breeding Durham cows to quite an
extent, has a weU-laid-out and productive
farm which he carefuUy cultivates, and is one
of the successful farmers of Vermont.
In political faith he is a RepubUcan and
has held many town ofifices, including select
man, lister, and justice of the peace, which
last position he has held for many years past.
He represented his town in the Legislature

of 1886, and served on the committee on the
grand list. While there he made a most
conservative record, and reflected credit
upon the place of his nativity.
Mr. Landon is a Free Mason and is afifiU
ated with Libanos Lodge, No. 47. He has
been a raeraber of the Congregational church
since 1868, and has held for raany years the
position of treasurer of the society. He also
served as chairman of the building commit
tee of the beautiful church recently erected
in New Haven.
He was married on Feb. 25, 1868, to
Harriet L., daughter of Deacon Oliver and
Louisa Dexter, of Windham county, of this
marriage three children survive : Charlotta L.,
Mary Ann F., and Ralph Dexter.
Mr. Landon is a man of energy and un
questioned integrity. He is yet in the prime
of life and has a career in the future as one
of the leading men of his town and county.
LANDON, O. B., of Johnson, son of
John S. and Lucy (Hinckley) Landon, was
born in South Hero, June 28, 1839.
He attended the comraon and private
schools of his native town and this, with three
months' instruction at the Coramercial Col
lege of New Haven, Conn., completed his
education. Mr. Landon labored as a farraer in South
Hero tiU he was nearly thirty years of age
and then took up his abode in Colchester,
where he engaged in the manufacture of lura
ber and land plaster. Removing to Milton,
for seventeen years he continued in the same
employment and also conducted an exten
sive grist raiU. In Johnson for sorae tirae
he has been doing a business in feed and
western grain, but his chief enterprise has
been the erection of a crearaery in connec
tion with his raiU. This he coramenced to
operate in 1892, and he has increased the
original capacity of the plant, which was
5,000 pounds of railk daily to nearly five
times that amount. By his careful and sys
tematic management it is calculated that
thirty per cent more product is realized than
under the old systera.
He raarried, June 4, 1867, Ahce M., daugh
ter of Horatio and Beulah (Bhss) Chapin
of WiUiston, who has borne hira two chil
dren : Persis L., and Wilbur A.

238

LANE.

LANE.

Mr. Landon enlisted in August, 1862, in
Co. C, 12th Regti Vt Vols., comraanded by
Col. A. P. Blunt, served out his term and re
ceived an honorable discharge when the
regiment was raustered out of service. Since
that time he has been a member of Old
Brigade Post, G. A. R., of Johnson. Though
an ardent Republican he has never sought
for nor accepted any political ofifice.
LANE, Edwin, of Lanesboro, son of
Willis and Laura (Cutler) Lane, was born in
Barre, AprU 2, 1835.
His father moved to Orange when he was
a chUd, and he received his education in the
coraraon schools of that town and at Barre
Acaderay. Soon after attaining his raajority,
he was engaged for six years in buUding at
Barre, and later in the wood and luraber
trade at Montpelier. In 1867 he desired to
see soraething of the world, and visited the

EDWIN LANE.
State of Michigan on a tour of inspection,
where he was eraployed as a millwright and su
perintendent. Two years afterwards, he
buUt a steara mill in Marshfield, and soon
forraed a partnership with his father, which
continued about twelve years. He then form
ed a partnership with his uncle, Dennis Lane,
which continued till the death of the latter,
and entered upon a simUar enterprise at
Montpelier, running the Pioneer Mills of
that place, and finally located his business
at Lanesboro, where he has buUt up a large
and successful lumber business. During his

residence at South Marshfield, in two years
his mills were thrice burned, and a man with
less courage and determination would have
surrendered hiraself to despair ; and again
in 1892 he suffered a loss of $7,000 by the
destruction of his plant at Lanesboro, but
his energy and force of character were now
called into action, and in less than two
months the present large, convenient and
well appointed miU was constructed. He
has always been considerate in his treatment
of his employes, and consequently has never
suffered from the inconvenience of a strike.
Mr. Lane was united in marriage in De
cember, i860, to Ann L., daughter of WiU
iam and Ann Perrin, who died two years
after their union. He contracted a second
alliance with Lilian, daughter of Jerry and
Mary Webber of Rochester, N. Y., with
whom he lived eleven years. In 1881 he
married Efifie P., daughter of Nathan and
Philena Skinner, who passed from earth
January, 1893. By his first wife he had one
child : LUian A. Lane. Of the second mar
riage there were issue : Arthur E., Glen C.
(Mrs. Charles M. Bennett of Montpelier),
and Fred C. Hallie E., and Effie were the
children of his last marriage.
Mr. Lane was Republican in his politics,
but with one exception has always refused
the honors of ofifice. He, however, con
sented to represent the town of Marshfield
in the Legislature of 1892.
He is a Free Mason, afifiUated with Granite
Lodge, No. 24, of Barre.
LANE, Henry Clark, of Westminster,
son of Ithamar and Lucinda (Clark) Lane,
was born in Westminster, Jan. 26, 1824.
He received his education in the common
schools of his native town and Walpole
Academy, Walpole, N. H., from which after
a four years course he graduated at the head
of his class. Mr. Lane's arabition was to
quaUfy hiraself for a professional life, but
upon his graduation the duties of a son to an
invahd father so strongly irapressed him,
that he voluntarUy relinquished his ambitious
hopes and assumed the cares and responsi
bilities of his father's estate, which he found,
in consequence of his parent's Ul-health, to
be seriously burdened with debt. Having
decided as to what was his present duty, he
applied himself to the work and in due time
the obligations were fully discharged. He
had, however, now reached that age which
made it practically impossible for him to
take up and prosecute his studies again
with any hope of realizing his early ambition,
and finding farming a congenial pursuit he
continued to follow this vocation untU the
age of thirty, when he gave his attention to
the settleraent of estates and devoted him
self largely to the public aff'airs of the town.

LAIHROP.

239

In 1866, Mr. Lane was elected a select
man and held that ofifice continuously for
twelve years, during which tirae the state
erected the Williara French monuraent, and
the raanageraent was given by Governor
Converse into his hands, which duties he
discharged with credit to himself, and to the
satisfaction of the state. Republican in his
political creed he was elected in 1874 a
justice of the peace and has continued in
this ofifice to the present date, and it is
doubtful if any other justice in this section
of the state has heard so raany cases as he

HENRY CLARK LANE.

has. Mr. Lane has an unusual faculty for
financial affairs and in 1881 was elected a trus
tee in the BeUows Falls Saving Institution,
in 1882 was advanced to its presidency, and
has continued to fill that postion to the
present time.
Hewas married, Sept. 11, 1850, to Mary
P., daughter of Frederick and Elizabeth
T. (Peniman) Nutting. Of this union were
four chUdren : Fred I., Emma E., Caroline
L., and NeUie V., aU of whom are raarried.
Mrs. Lane died March 19, 1874.
LANE, Henry James, of East Burke,
son of Sylvanus and Martha (Balch) Lane,
was born in Lunenburg, March i, 1855.
He received his preparatory education in
the pubhc and graded schools of Lunenburg,
entered the U. V. M. in 1881, and four years
later graduated from the classical depart
ment. In 1887 he received the degree of
M. D. from the Burhngton Medical College,

and soon after fixed his abode at East Burke
where he entered upon the practice of his
profession and where he stiU continues to
reside. Born and reared upon a farm, during his
educational career he partiaUy gained his
support by employment as a clerk at Burke
in the intervals of study. Dr. Lane has been
appointed to serve on the state board of
health and is special health ofificer for Burke
and East Haven, has been raade superin
tendent of schools, and in 1892 was elected
as a Republican to the lower branch of the
Legislature, where he was a raeraber of the
joint .special coraraittee for public health and
reform, also on special- committee on elec
tions in Caledonia county.
May 20, 1876, he espoused Sarah E. Phil
Ups. By her he has had issue : Jessie E.,
and Charles S.
Dr. Lane is an ardent advocate and
staunch supporter of the cause of temperance
and served on several special committees in
the Legislature appointed to consider this

HENRY JAMES LANE,

important subject. In his religious creed
he is Congregational, and is a meraber of
Union Lodge, No. 4, I. O. O. F., Lyndon
ville. He also takes an active interest in the
order of Good Teraplars and by aU means
in his power labors to advance the cause of
total abstinence and prohibition.
LATHROP, Cyrus U., of williams
town, son of Urbane and Eliza (Wiggins)
Lathrop, was born in Chelsea, Oct. 31, 1839.

240

LATHROP.

LAVIGNE.

He was the youngest of a family of six
children, and his mother, left a widow when
he was only three years of age, by great
industry and prudence raanaged to keep the
famUy together. Cyrus comraenced at the
coraraon school, and by strong personal
effort was enabled to continue his studies at
the Chelsea and Newbury Academies. At
the age of twenty-two he purchased a farra
at Williarastown, and the cultivation of this
estate has been his principal occupation

CYRUS U. LATHROP.
ever since. He was one of the pioneers in
the formation of the Williamstown Granite
Co., and chairman of the board of raUroad
coraraissioners for the town of WiUiamstown
in their bonding and contracting for their
railroad, and is at present chairman of the
WiUiamstown Construction Co. He has
settled many estates and gives an active
support to every wise measure for the ad
vancement of the interests of the town.
When the Union of the states was threat
ened with dissolution by the slave aristoc
racy, Mr. Lathrop determined to battle for
his country's flag, and he enlisted for three
years in Co. C, Sth Regt. Vt. Vols., under
the leadership of General Stephen Thoraas.
He followed the standard of his regiraent in
every engageraent after his enlistraent until
the war was ended, and he received an
honorable discharge from his miUtary duties
in June, 1865.
He has ever been a stalwart Republican,
and been thought worthy by his party to

hold raany responsible offices in town and
county. For four years he was associate
judge of the Orange county court, and in
1892 was elected to represent WiUiamstown
in the present Legislature..
Judge Lathrop is a corarade in the G. A.
R. He was a raember of Waterson Post,
No. 45, of Chelsea, but later became charter
member and coraraander of William Wells
Post, No. 113, of Williarastown.
November 24, 1861, Judge Lathrop was
united in marriage to Frances A., daughter
of Denison and Eliza (Luce) Hopkins, of
Williamstown. One son, Frank D., has been
the fruit of this marriage.
LAVIGNE, JOSEPH W., of Winooski,
son of Henri and Francoise (Beausoleil)
Lavigne, was born in the town of St. Da-
raasse, district of St. Hyacinth, Province
Quebec, July 14, 1844.

JOSEPH W. LAVIGNE.

In 1848, the father with his family came
to Williston, where they continued to live
tiU 1852. He then moved to Essex, and
remained there two years. From this place
he removed to Indiana and remained two
years, coming back to Essex in 1856, where
they lived tiU 1864. In Essex, Joseph, as a
boy and young raan, attended the coramon
schools and the classical institute, and re
ceived his education which he subsequenuy
iraproved by reading and studying at home.
Frora the age of sixteen tiU he reached
twenty-four, he assisted his father in the

LAWTON.

LAVl'TON.

241

raanufacture and sale of brick. In 1872 he,
entered the eraploy of the J. & J. Rogers
Iron Co. of Ausable Forks, N. Y'., in the
brick manufacturing business, where he
continued about thirteen seasons. He then
entered the wholesale grocery house of
George W. Kelley of Burhngton. At the end
of a year he established himseU in a retail
grocery store in Winooski, where he has
carried on the business ever since, and in
which he built up an extensive and lucrative
trade. In this business, as well as in his
previous career, he has earned the reputa
tion of being an honest and upright man.
These qualities, together with good business
qualifications and sound judgment induced
his fellow-townsmen to elect hira to various
town and village ofifices, araong which may
be mentioned that of member of the board
of school commissioners, which he held for a
period of eight years, selectman, grand juror,
trustee of the village, and town representa
tive, which he was elected in 1892. In
politics he is a Deraocrat, and has been a
hard worker and influential raeraber in the
local councils of the party.
In 1865 he was united in marriage to
Adeline Desautels, daughter of Francis and
JuUa (Le Claire) Desautels of St. Jean
Baptiste, P. Q., on the 21st day of April. By
her he had three children : Helen (Mrs.
Capt. M. H. Daniels of Vergennes), J.
Henry, and Arthur. His wife died Oct 9,
1870. Subsequently he married Mary A.
Chagnon, daughter of John and Celeste
(Trudeau) Chagnon, by whom he had four
children : LilUe A., Luke L., Lizzie C, and
George W.
Mr. Lavigne is a meraber of the Roman
Catholic church, and also of St. Jean Bap
tiste Benevolent Society.
LAWTON, ShaiLER EMERY, of Brattle
boro, son of Benjamin and Jane E. (Nettle-
ton) Lawton, was born in Goshen, Conn.,
Oct. 3, 1853.
He attended the public schools of his na
tive town untU 1863, when he removed with
his parents to Great Barrington, Mass.,
where he took a course at the Sedgwick
InstUute, in the meantime assisting his
father, who was a merchant. Mr. Lawton
went to Bridgeport, Conn., in 1873, and
engaged in mercantUe pursuits, continuing
for a year, when his desire for the study of
medicine prevaUed, and he returned to
Great Barrington and was enrolled as a stu
dent under the watchful eye of that distin
guished physician, Clarkson T. Collins. He
continued his studies here for a year, and
then pursued a two years' course at the Col
lege of Physicians and Surgeons of New
York City, but owing to a lack of funds he
was not able to remain. Learning from a

friend of the medical department of the
University of Vermont, of the exceptional
opportunities offered there, he began anew,
and availing hiraself of all the advantages of
fered by that institution, he was graduated
M. D. in 1 88 1. During the vacation tirae of
his school years he was eraployed as attend
ant at the Hartford (Conn.) Retreat, where
he was afiforded special opportunities for the
close study of mental diseases.
In 1 88 1, after graduating. Doctor Lawton
came to the Verraont Asylura for the Insane
at Brattleboro, to fiU the place of assistant
physician during the temporary absence in
Europe of Doctor Draper. In the fall of
1 88 1, at the resignation of Doctor Phelps, he

SHAILER EMERY LAWTON.

was appointed second assistant physician,
and during thewinterof i88i-'82he received
the appointment of first assistant physician,
to succeed Dr. J. W. Clark, holding that po
sition untU the fall of 1889, when he resigned
to fulfil a long-cherished design of spending
a year in a special course of study in neuro
logical and psychological medicine. His
resignation was not, however, accepted, and
he was voted a year's leave of absence by
the board of trustees. He spent six raonths
of his year's leave at the Post-Graduate
Medical School in New York, and the bal
ance of the tirae in travel abroad, visiting
and studying at the principal institutions of
the old world.
Doctor Lawton returned to Brattleboro in
Noveraber, 1891, and again took up the du-

242

LEACH.

LEACH.

ties of first assistant physician, which position
he held until March 19, 1892, when, at the
death of Doctor Draper, he received the
appointraent of acting superintendent, and
was elected superintendent, April 20, 1892.
He was united in raarriage, June i, 1893,
to Mary LiUian, daughter of Capt. James M.
and Croline (Stamds) Upton, of Roxbury,
Mass. LEACH, Chester K., of Fletcher, son
of Joseph and Olive (Burton) Leach, was
born in Fairfield, Jan. 17, 1830.

(Thoraas) Montague, and four children have
been the issue of the union : Justin S., Zeha
J. (Mrs. D. C. Robinson), Byron L. and
Myron C, the two last being twin brothers.
After his discharge frora military duty
Captain Leach, like Cincinnatus, returned to
the plough, and, after cultivating different
farms, finally settled on the old homestead,
where he still remains. He is a successful
dairyman and also produces a large crop of
sugar frora his orchard of raore than two
thousand maple trees.
Captain Leach has received the blue lodge
degrees of Free Masonry and unites with
the Mt. Vernon Lodge of Morrisville. He
has also a membership in J. M. 'Warner
Post, No. 4, G. A. R.
He was elected as the Republican candi
date to the state Senate in 1878 and was a
raember of the coramittee on military affairs
and agriculture. Besides this position he
has also held many qfifices of minor impor
tance in the town where he resides.
LEACH, Moses J., of Wolcott, son of
Ervin and Mary Ann (Scott) Leach, was
born in Craftsbury, Dec. 22, 1837. He can
trace his lineage back to the old Puritan

CHESTER K. LEACH..
He was one of a faraily of seven children
and his early history is that of hundreds of
young men in his native state, born and bred
upon the farm and in the intervals receiving
a' meagre education in the district schools.
Frora 1856 to the time of the civil war he
was employed in the vocation to which he
had been brought up, but sharing in the
general outburst of patriotism that followed
the faU of Fort Sumter, he enlisted in the 2d
Regt. of the old Vt. Brigade and was mus
tered into the United States service June 20,
1861. He was immediately made 2d Lieut.
of Co. H., and participated with his regi
ment in the first battle of BuU Run. After
this defeat he was present at every important
battie and engagement in which that veteran
regiraent took part, and received his dis
charge as ist Lieut, after three years of gal
lant and arduous service.
Captain Leach was raarried, Oct. 8, 185 1,
to Ann A., daughter of Sarauel and Hannah

MOSES J. LEACH

Stock that made the glory of New England,
to within ten years of the time when the
little band of pilgrims first landed on
Plymouth Rock.
When he was nine years old his father
moved to Wolcott where the son received

LEAVENWORTH.

LEAVENWORTH.

243

whatever educational advantages the com
mon schools afforded and afterwards at
tended the People's Academy of MorrisviUe.
He reraained in the employment of his
^father one year after his majority to repay
him the amount spent in his academic train
ing. Soon after young Leach went to Massa-
¦chusetts where he was employed in a saw
.miU until the early winter of that historic
year, 1861. In August, 1862, he enlisted in
Co. E, 13th Regt. Vt. Vols., and participated
with that organization in the famous flank
moveraent of General Stannard's brigade
which repulsed General Pickett's great
-charge at Gettysburg. He wore a corporal's
•stripes and was not absent frora his cora
pany a single day.
Upon his return to civil life he " beat his
:Sword into a pruning hook " and established
.hiraself upon a farra which he cultivated
tUl 1869, then sold the property and re
moved to the centre of the village where he
buUt the first drug store ever erected in the
town and has carried on this business since
that time.
Mr. Leach was united, March 16, 1864, to
EUen B., daughter of Moody and MUliscent
(Moulton) Parker of Wolcott.
Naturally he is a comrade of Gen. George
P. Foster Post, G. A. R,, and has filled
•several important ofifices in the departraent
-and national encarapment of the order.
He has received the three first degrees of
Ancient Craft Masonry in Mineral Lodge,
No. 93,, of Wolcott.
Mr. Leach cast his first presidential vote
for Abrahara Lincoln and has continued a
Republican ever since. He has done
thorough and successful work in many town
¦ofifices, having served as town clerk con
tinuously since March, 1872, and was ap
pointed postmaster in December, 1890.
Several times he has been selected as a
•delegate to county and state conventions,
.and under no circumstances has he betrayed
a trust reposed in him.
LEAVENWORTH, ABEL EDGAR, of
•Castleton, son of Abel and Anna (Hickok)
Leavenworth, was born in Charlotte, Sept. 3,
1828. Having obtained his preparatory educa
tion at the district schools of Madrid, N. Y.,
and Charlotte, he continued his studies at
Hinesburgh Academy, and afterwards en
tered the University of Vermont, from which
he graduated in 1856, on his return from
the South.
He commenced his career as a teacher in
1846, taught district schools five winters and
becarae successively the principal of Bolivar
(Mo.) Acaderay, and the acaderaies of
Jlinesburgh, Brattleboro and New Haven. In
.1870 he secured the incorporation and en

dowment of Beeman Academy at New
Haven, the position of principal of which,
after a most successful adrainistration, he
resigned in 1874 to becorae principal ofthe
State Norraal School at Randolph, leaving
the forraer institution with an endowment
fund of twelve thousand dollars. Leaving
the Normal School at Randolph in 1879,
after having greatly increased its facilities
and the number of the pupils, he spent two
years in institute work and the coUection of
a large and choice cabinet of rainerals,
while recruiting his irapaired health. In
1 88 1 he purchased the school building and
equipraent of the Rutland county grararaar
school, and was appointed principal of the
State Norraal School at Castleton under its
patronage. Since that date Mr. Leaven-

ABEL EDGAR LEAVENWORTH.
worth has devoted his energies to the inter
ests of the school, and has always given
special attention to the training of teachers,
having signed six hundred and thirty-nine
certificates whUe principal of the various
institutions under his charge.
Mr. Leavenworth is a veteran of the civil
war, and soon after his enlistraent as a pri
vate in Co. K, 9th Regt. Vt. Vols., was pro
raoted through the ranks of sergeant and
ist lieutenant to that of captain. He was
raade assistant inspector general of Wistar's
brigade of the United States forces on York
Peninsula, of the 2nd division of the i8th
army corps, and of the provisional brigade
at Bermuda Hundreds. He also served as

244

LE BARRON.

LELAND.

assistant adjutant general of the last named
command, later of the 2d brigade, 3d divis
ion, 24th army corps, and led the skirmish
line into the city of Richmond, AprU 3,
1865. He was appointed assistant provost
marshal of that city and subsequently assist
ant adjutant general of the district of Appo
mattox. He was mustered out of the service
at Richmond, June 13, 1865, having received
highly coramendatory letters from the gen
erals on whose staff he had served.
Mr. Leavenworth was married at Corning,
N. Y., Sept. 14, 1853, to Mary Evehna,
daughter of Samuel and Sally (Hubbard)
Griggs of Cazenovia, N. Y. To them were
born : Anna Maria (deceased), Francis Abel
(deceased), Samuel Edgar, Clarence Green-
man, WiUiara StoweU, Emily Reynolds (de
ceased), and Philip Reynolds. Mrs. Leav
enworth died July 30, 1877, and he con
tracted a second aUiance at Linden, Md.,
August 12, 1889, with Lucy Elizabeth,
daughter of Marcus N. and Julia M. (Burt)
Wadsworth of Oswego, N. Y.
At the age of twelve he united with the
Congregational church, with which he has
continued his connection, serving the local
congregation as deacon and delegate to
county associations and state conventions.
Never sectarian in belief or practice, he has
ever raaintained raost friendly relations with
all branches of the Christian church.
He was one of the founders of the Delta
Psi fraternity in the U. V. M., and in early
life was an active Mason, Odd FeUow, Son
of Teraperance, and Good Templar, having
been presiding officer in each, as also in
various county and state teachers' organiza
tions, and later in the Grand Array, from
which body he was a delegate-at-large for
Vermont at the twenty-fifth national encamp-
raent at Detroit, in August, 1891. He has
also been a member of the American Acad
emy of Political and Social Science frora the
first year of its organization.
LE BARON, Isaac Newton, of Morris
viUe, son of ApoUos and Rhoda (Sanger) Le
Baron, was born in Calais, AprU 30, 1839.
He received his early education at the dis
trict school, and afterwards was a pupil of the
academies of Barre and Morrisville. Com
raencing his life as a farraer, he met with
great success in his chosen vocation. In
1866 he began the manufacture of brick,
which he continued for four years, but unfor
tunately the financial result was not propor
tionate to the skiU and industry displayed by
Mr. Le Baron in the business. The lack of
fortune was followed by a large decrease in
the value of real estate in his vicinity, and
after an ineffectual struggle, he was obhged
to abandon the old homestead upon which
he had so long and earnestly labored, but

though suffering pecuniary loss, he could now
solace himself with the comforting reflection
that his honor and respectable standing in
the community still remained.
Casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln
Mr. Le Baron has ever since remained a
strong adherent of the principles which that
vote professed. Repeatedly he has been
caUed upon by his townsmen to fiU the differ
ent positions of trust and importance in their
gift. As Uster, selectraan, justice of the peace
and superintendent of schools, he has always
merited their confidence and in 1888 he rep
resented their interests in the state Legisk-
• ture where he made a manly and satisfactory
record. Mr. Le Baron is an active and conscien
tious meraber of the Universalist church to
whose interests he has devoted much active
effort, for seven years serving as the sup
erintendent of their Sabbath school. In
years past he has been the faithful secretary
of the old LamoiUe County Fair.
He was united in wedlock to Maria L,
daughter of Malachi and Patience Barrows of
Morristown. Frora this raarriage there are
seven children : Dana F., Eva J., Ada C.
(deceased), Daisy M., Washington Irving,
and Isaac Newton, Jr.
LELAND, George Farnham, of
Springfield, son of Charles A. and Susan
(Farnham) Leland, was born in Baltimore,
Jan. 25, 1858.
His education was obtained at the public
schools of Springfield, and at seventeen
years of age he entered the employment of
his father, Charies A. Leland, of North
Springfield, as clerk, reraaining with him
two years. After that, his father having sold
his business to Hon. F. G. Field, he con
tinued four years as clerk for him. In April,
1882, in corapany with his father, he formed
a business partnership under the title of C.
A. Leland & Son, and purchased the stock
and good-will of Cobb & Derby of Spring
field, to deal in general raerchandise, and
they have conducted their business on the
principle of a farraers' exchange, which
raethod has given wide and general satisfac
tion in the community where they reside.
This has enabled thera to greatly increase
their stock, and they now do the largest
general country trade of any establishment
in their vicinity.
Mr. Leland has filled raany town offices,
and as a Republican candidate was sent to
represent Springfield in the Legislature of
1892, served on the grand list committee
and was chairman of that on rules.
He is an enthusiastic Mason, and is pas'
master of St. John's Lodge, No. 4h and m
Royal Arch Masonry has held the highest
office in Skitchewaugh Chapter, No. 25, of

LEWIS.
Springfield and Ludlow. He is also a
member of Vermont Commandery, No. 4, of
Windsor. Noveraber 8, 1881, Mr. Leland raarried
Nellie A., daughter of Edson X. and Mary
(Barrett) Pierce. Their union has been
blessed with two chUdren : Arthur F., born
August 28, 1886, and Mary A., born June
2, 1890.
LEWIS, Frank W., son of Albert R.
and Eraily (Holt) Lewis, was born in Mid
dlesex, Oct. 21, 1852. He is a grandson of
the late Dr. Joseph Lewis, Jr., whose father,
a surgeon in the Revolutionary array, was by
the, side of General Montgoraery when the
latter feU in the unsuccessful attempt to storm
Quebec.

LEWIS.

245

FRANK W. LEWIS.

The school privileges enjoyed by Mr.
Lewis were rather limited and soraewhat
irregular, but this lack was compensated in
a measure by the fact that he was, frora
childhood, an omnivorous reader and a diU
gent student, and that for sorae years he had
-access to extensive hbraries. He was usually
graded with pupils much older than himself,
managing even then to lead his classes, and
at fourteen had mastered such elements of
,an education as were afforded by district
schools of the better grade, besides giving
•some attention to the study of languages.
At fifteen he entered an advanced class in
the high school at Canton, Mass., after leav
ing which he continued his studies, mainly

without assistance. Later he pursued the
course in "English Literature and Science"
prescribed for the candidates for the rainis
try of the Methodist Episcopal church, and
the four years' course in "Biblical, Ecclesi
astical and Literary" studies required after
admission on trial, passing his examinations
with credit.
Being dependent for support and educa
tion chiefly on his own efforts, littie of Mr.
Lewis' boyhood and youth was exempt from
hard work, even when attending school. He
was variously eraployed, gaining sorae in
sight into pursuits of several kinds, raercan
tUe and mechanical, as well as those of the
farm, and in city as well as country, having
spent some years in Boston. He has taught
several terras of district school, and for a
year had charge of the Weston high school.
In the faU of 1877 he united with the
Methodist Episcopal church, entered actively
into its work, and was at once singled out
as having qualifications for, and an un
doubted call to, the ministry. Yielding to
the conviction that duty lay in this direction,
and urged forward by what seemed providen
tial indications, he passed the required ex
aminations the following spring, was licensed
to preach, and appointed by Bishop Gilbert
Haven to supply the pulpit at Topsham. A
year later he was admitted to the Verraont
conference, ordained deacon in 1881, and
elder in 1883. He was appointed to Barton,
his present charge, in 1890, where he is
serving his fourth year.
Mr. Lewis has never taken any active part
in pohtics, but has served as superintendent
of schools and in some other rainor ofifices.
He has been statistical secretary of Verraont
conference since 1883, and for several years
on the conference board of exaraination.
He wedded, March 26, 1879, Miss Ella F.,
daughter of David H. and Fideha (Thresher)
Whitney of Granville. Their marriage has
been blessed with three children : Bessie
Ethel, Lula Miriam, and Annie Louise.
Mr. Lewis is considered one of the most
efificient, inteUectual, and well educated
young divines on the St. Johnsbury district.
Whatever recognition his merits have re
ceived, in promotion or otherwise, has been
bestowed unsolicited. No raan in the con
ference has surrendered the designation of
his work raore entirely into the hands of
the constituted authorities of his church.
LEWIS, L. Halsey, of Hyde Park, son
of David and Julia (Sraith) Lewis, was born in
the town of Blooraing Grove, N. Y., Dec. 2,
1853- He'recelved his education in the schools
of New York City and Michigan, and when
his education was completed, learned the
printer's trade at Middletown, N. Y'.

246

LEWIS.

August 18, 1878, he settled in Hyde Park
and purchased the LaraoUle News. Three
years after he united that paper whh the
Vermont Citizen. Since that time he has
conducted the combination of the two
papers under the tUle of the " News and
Citizen " with ofifices at MorrisviUe and
Hyde Park. The News and Citizen is un
swerving in its advocacy of Republican
principles, and under Mr. Lewis' raanage
raent Us influence is strongly feU throughout
the state. Notwithstanding the active part
he takes in politics, Mr. Lewis has never
found tirae to hold political office, as his
newspaper business monopolizes all his time
and personal attention.
Notwithstanding his devotion to journal
ism, he has however found time to devote
to the two great secret societies of Odd
Fellows and Free Masons. He is a mem
ber of Mt. Vernon Lodge, F. & A. M.,
Tucker Chapter R. A. M., Burlington Coun
cU, and Burlington Commandery. He also
belongs to Sterling Lodge, No. 34, I. O. O. F.
Mr. Lewis was married, Nov. 4, 1880, to
Alice D., daughter of Russel S. and M. M.
Page. LEWIS, Rodney M., of Wells, son of
Benjamin and CherUna (Culver) Lewis, was
born in WeUs, June 30, 1839.
He obtained his education by a course
in the coraraon and select schools, supple
mented by raore advanced studies in North
Hebron Academy, N. Y.
Mr. Lewis has devoted his whole business
life to the manufacture of woolen goods,
chiefly cashmeres and knit underwear, being
until 1875 a partner with his father under
the firm title of B. Lewis and Son. At that
time he took charge of the business and has
managed it individuaUy ever since. H,e. is
also the proprietor of the Lewisville cheese
factory and of a large farm, the cultivation of
which he carefully oversees.
He married, at Castleton, Dec. 31, 1859,
Maria A., daughter of John and Agnes Fos
ter, and by her has had two children ; Helena
(Mrs. George D. Carter), and Genevieve.
Mr. Lewis is an adherent of the Repub
hcan party and has been caUed upon to dis
charge various public trusts appertaining to
town and county for periods varying from
one to sixteen years. While considering the
hst of offices whose duties he has discharged,
it is difficult to see how he has had oppor
tunity to manage his private affairs. Araong
other positions raay be mentioned that of
state representative for four years from 1870
to 1874.
He has also found opportunity in his- busy
life to give sorae attention to the ancient
craft of Masonry, being a raember of Morn
ing Star Lodge and Royal Arch Chapter of

LINCOLN.
Poultney, in one of which he has held the-
position of scribe and in the other of junior-
warden. LINCOLN, Benjamin Franklin, of
Lyndon, son of Benjamin and Sophia
(Makepeace) Lincoln, was born in Ware-
ham, Mass., Sept. 4, 1831.
He was educated in the coramon schools
of his native town, and at twelve years of age-
went to New Bedford, Mass., where he lived
for six years and then moved to Wilmington,.
Del., and there learned the tinner's trade.
At twenty years of age he visited California,
spending one year in mining, and thence re
moved to Oregon where he engaged in the
hardware business, remaining four years,.
when he returned to New Bedford, Mass.

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN LINCOLN.

In 1862 he came to Vermont and engaged
in the hardware business at Lyndon. In
AprU, 1866, he commenced the luraber busi
ness in which he has been employed for
twenty-five years, operating in Michigan and
Vermont jointly.
As a Republican, he represented his town
in the General Assembly in 1876, 1878, and
1888, and was elected to the state Senate m
1890 and 1892.
Mr. Lincoln is a raember of Crescent
Lodge, No. 66, F. & A. M., is now presi
dent of the Lyndon National Bank, also
president of the Caledonia Publishing Co.,
of St. Johnsbury.
He was raarried at Acushnet, Mass., Nov.
28, i860, to Annie A., daughter of John A.

LIVINGSTON.

LOCKWOOD.

247

and Sophronia (Skinner) Lombard. Five
children are the issue of this union : Alice S.
(Mrs. Homer C. Wilson), Mary S., Benja
min, John E., and Charlotte C.
LIVINGSTON, FRED B., of Morrisville,
son of WilUam R. and Anna S. (AUard)
Livingston, was born in SchuylerviUe, N. Y.,
August II, 1852.

Mr. Livingston was married to Stella L.,
daughter of Alnon D. and Susan (Bingham)
Thomas of MorrisviUe, Jan. i, 1875. Three
children have been born to them : Florence
B., Gertrude A., and Stella (deceased).
He is a memlDer both of the Odd Fellows
and Masonic societies, belonging to the
Sterhng Lodge, No. 44, I. O. O. F., and
holding the office of treasurer of Mt. Vernon
Lodge, No. 8, F. & A.M.
As a Repubhcan he was elected repre
sentative from Morristown to the state Leg
islature in 1890 where he served on the
committee on rules, and that of ways and
means, and in the extra session of 1891 he
was made chairraan of the \Vorld's Fair
committee. He introduced the agricultural
college biU, and labored earnestly for its
passage. AU his service in the Legislature
was ably perforraed and duly appreciated by
those whose vote secured hira the position of
representative. LOCKWOOD, Albert H., of Ludlow,
son of WiUiara and SaUie (Griswold) Lock-
wood, was born in Springfield, Oct. 18, 1840.

FRED B. LIVINGSTON.

His educational advantages were derived
from the pubhc schools, and a course of
study at the Cambridge Washington Acadmy.
At the age of seventeen, while acting as
station agent at Cambridge, N. Y., he mas
tered the art of telegraphy, and followed
this as his occupation for some years in Rut
land and Burhngton, but in the latter city
faihng health compelled him to resign his
position. After a short rest to regain his
health, he came to MorrisviUe and settled on
a farm, where he has been engaged ever
since in extensive agricultural operations,
making a specialty of dairy products and
maple sugar and syrup. With a sugar
orchard of three thousand trees, an un
developed resource, of nearly an equal
amount, and using aU modern improvements
in the raanufacture, he has built up an ex
tensive trade, sending the product to all
parts of the world. In 1880 he received the
sweepstakes prize on butter at the New
Orleans exposition, accompanied by a raedal
and a pecuniary testiraonial of seventy-five
dollars.

ALBERT H. LOCKWOOD.

He is the youngest and only surviving
member of a family of four children. When
less than a year old, by the death of both of
his parents he was left an orphan, and was
entrusted to the care of Mr. and Mrs. Bucklin
Burnham of Springfield, with whom he re
mained tiU he was seventeen years old, and
whose kindly care he repaid by support
during their declining years. While under

LYFORD.

LYMAN.

the roof of Mr. Burnham, he received such
education as the coraraon schools could
afford. In 1858, he carae to Ludlow, a poor boy
without influence but with a firra resolve to
push his way and win a support by his own
unaided effort and after twelve years spent in
the subordinate position of a clerk he forraed
a partnership with Charles Raymond to deal
in clothing, boots and shoes. In 1876, he
moved to the West but the experience of one
season expedited his return and he made his
residence in Ludlow, where he was for five
years associated in business with Edward E.
Parker, but is engaged at present by himself
as a dealer in boots and shoes in that town.
He married, June 10, 1863, Mary A., daugh
ter of Albert and Dolly Adams, of Evansville,
Wis. They have two children : AUce M., and
Edward A.
For eighteen years Mr. Lockwood has been
an active member of the Congregational
church and a liberal contributor to the same.
He has also chosen to ally himself to the
charitable organization of Freemasonry, re
ceiving the first three degrees in Lafayette
Lodge No. 53 and afterwards passing through
the higher grades of Royal Arch Masonry and
Knight Templar. He is treasurer of his
chapter and is a Sir Knight of KiUington
Commandery No. 6, of Rutland.
As a Republican, he received the appoint
ment of postmaster in 1884 and continued in
ofifice four years. He is now, and has been
for ten years, treasurer of both town and cor
poration. In 1888 he represented his town
in the Legislature and served on the cora
mittee on claims. Notwithstanding the early
disadvantages against which he was obUged
to struggle, Mr. Lockwood, by his own un
aided and persistent effort has amassed a
handsorae corapetency.
LYFORD, Horace W., of Warren, son
of Hazen and Electa (White) Lyford, was
born in that part of the old town of Mont
peher which is now East MontpeUer, Feb.
16, 1835.
After he had passed through the usual
educational course at the schools of East
Montpelier and also in Montpelier village,
he learned the sash and blind trade frora his
uncle, and while thus occupied raanifested a
natural aptitude for mechanical pursuits. At
the age of nineteen he formed a partnership
with his father, under the titie of Hazen
Lyford & Son, to manufacture sash and
Winds. Horace was from the first the busi
ness raanager, and soon became sole proprie
tor of the concern. In 1861 he exchanged
this property for a hotel in Warren, which
he has since conducted in a manner satis
factory to the public. In 1865 he engaged
in the tin and hardware trade, and followed

this by the raanufacture of pail-bail handles
and clothes-pins. During the last ten years
he has devoted his attention to the manu
facture of butter-tubs, and has invented sev
eral appliances that not only turn out a
superior article, but result in an immense
saving of labor.
Mr. Lyford is an earnest Republican and
has held many public positions of trust and
influence. He was first selectman in Warren
in the years of the war, and was many years
deputy sheriff. He was from 1872 to 1876
sherifif of ^\^ashington county. He has been •
justice of the peace continuously for twenty-
nine years. In 1888 he was elected assistant
judge of Washington county court, and was
re-elected in 1890.

HORACE W. LYFORD.

Judge Lyford was united in marriage,
Sept. 9, 1858, to Sarah R., daughter of John
and Sarah (Chamberlain) Vincent, of East
Montpelier. He has been long and prominently identi
fied with the Masonic fraternity, being a
meraber of Aurora Lodge, No. 22, of .Mont
pelier, King Solomon Chapter, No. 7, of the
sarae place, Montpelier Council, No. i4i *
Knight Teraplar of Mt Zion Commandery,
No. 9, of the A\'ashburn Lodge of Perfection,
No. 14, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite,
and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine.
LYMAN, Charles a., of Royalton, son
of Jabez and Abigail (Woodbury) Lyman,

L\'NDE.

249

was born in Royalton, Oct. 21, 1831, and
has always been a resident of that town.
He received the customary coramon
school education in Royalton. He has
chiefly followed the vocation of a farmer but
has also practiced the trade of a carpenter
and given much attention to the manufact-
nre of lumber. He has been entrusted with
many responsible positions, araong which
may be mentioned those of selectman, over
seer, lister, auditor, and trustee of the sur
plus revenue fund. He has always dis
charged these duties with honor to hiraself
and profit to his feUow-citizens. In 1892
he was elected by a strong Republican
majority to represent the town of Royalton in

CHARLES A. LYMAN.
the General Assembly, where his energetic
action in behalf of his constitutents merited
the approbation of those who had entrusted
hira with that position.
Mr. Lyraan was united in wedlock, March
8,*i854, to Hannah W., daughter of Horatio
and Sarah (Walcott) Freeraan. Four chU
dren were born to thera, of whora only one
(Mrs. NeUie M. Doyle), is now surviving.
He contracted a second alliance, July 5,
1866, with Laura J., daughter of Williara and
Elizabeth (Walcott) Fay. Four chUdren
were issue of this second marriage, three of
whom are now living : Albert F., Ida C, and
Elizabeth W.
LYNDE, George W., of W^ilUamstown,
son of John and Dolly (Smith) Lynde, was
born in WiUiamstown Feb. 3, 1849.

He was educated at the comraon schools
and at Randolph ancl Barre acaderaies.
When twenty years of age he comraenced
extensive operations in the lumber business
in Groton and these he carried on in part
nership with his father-in-law for fifteen
years. He then removed his plant to MiU
Village and has since employed it in running
the grist and saw mill, and polishing works.
Mr. Lynde was united in raarriage, March
16, 1871, to Frances, daughter of Richard
L. and Phebe (Moore) Martin, by whora he
has had two children ; Fred G. (deceased),
and John Richard.
In 1 886 he reraoved to the farm formerly
belonging to his father-in-law and has con
tinued there the latter portion of his life.
He raay be styled the typical Verraont farmer,
so large is the scale on which he conducts
his operations and so great the success he
meets with in aU his enterprises. He is also
the possessor of a fine maple grove and one
of the four owners of the \\Tlliamstown gran
ite quarry.
Mr. Lynde is a Republican in his political
sympathies ; and in rehgious belief a Univer
salist. After having filled the usual town
ofifices he was sent to the Legislature in 1888,
where he served on the general coramittee.
He is active, pubhc-spirited, and influential
in every social and business enterprise, and
a highly esteeraed member of the commun
ity in which he resides.
LYNDE, John, of WiUiamstown, son of
Cornelius and Rebecca (Davis) Lynde, was
born in WUliamstown, August 6, 1810. Cor
nelius Lynde left Harvard CoUege at his
country's call, enlisted in the Continental
array and served through the Revolutionary
war, attaining the rank of raajor. In 1786
he moved from WUliamstown, Mass., to the
town of the same name in Vermont, and
was one of the original proprietoTs. He laid
out and aUotted the land to his associates,
was justice of the peace and first town clerk.
He constructed the first saw miU in the
town, was representative frora 1791 to 1795,
meraber of the state council, first postmas
ter, and associate judge for two years. In
the first year of the century at a raeeting in
his house, a Universalist society was organ
ized, believed to be the earliest in the state.
The mother of John Lynde was the oldest
daughter of Col. Jacob Davis, the pioneer of
Montpelier. The subject of the present sketch was
educated at the common schools of WiU
iamstown, and at the early age of sixteen
began to teach, working in the suraraer on
his father's farra.
He raarried at the age of twenty-two,
uniting himself in the bond of wedlock to
Dolly Smith. She bore him twelve children.

^50

LYNDE.

LYON.

nine of whom stiU survive : EUen (Mrs. W.
B. Bass), John, Martha (Mrs. Jerry Kenis
ton), Rebekah (Mrs. Nat Simons), George
W., James K., Laura (Mrs. Harvey L.
Cheney), and Eraraa (Mrs. Dr. WUliam B.
Mayo of Northfield, Vt.), and Dr. Cornelius
V. Two ofhis sons, John and Charles (the
latter deceased), served in the civil war.
His first wife died in July, 1881, and he was
again married in 1882 to Laura E., daughter
of Norman Davis.

JOHN LYNDE.

Mr. Lynde was a farraer till 1865, and
after that was engaged in trade untU 1887,
when he sold out his interest to his son,
James K., and again returned to farming. He
has been very prominent in all social and
public aff'airs, has setded raany estates, and
was a general counsellor in business and
legal matters. For more than ten years he
was one of the directors of the Northfield,
and later of the Barre bank.
Forraerly a whig, but now a Republican,
he has been for forty four consecutive years
justice of the peace, has held every town
ofifice, and was twice town representative
before the war and three times afterwards,
and was chosen senator in 1876. He was
assistant judge of Orange county court for
two terms.
Judge Lynde has ever been a liberal donor
to all benevolent and religious enterprises, a
pubUc-spirited cuizen, and has given to aU
his chUdren every educational advantage
that was in his power to bestow."

LYON, JOHN Stanley, of Fair Haven,
son of Seth S. and Jane (Barnard) Lyon
was born in Winhall, Jan. 28, 1861.
He received his early education at Black
River Acaderay, Colgate University, Hamil
ton, N. v., and the University of thp City of
New York. In coUege he developed marked
taste in the fields of raental philosophy, poUt
ical science, literature and oratory, and was
especially interested in Greek and Latin
Uterature. He was class poet in both acad
emy and college, and also editor of the
college magazine. In his early youth he
taught the district school. In 1885 hewas
caUed to the position of instructor in Greek
and Latin in Friends' Serainary, Stuyvesant
Square, New York City, which position he
held for five years ; and, though not a
Quaker, was appointed vice-principal of the
institution at the end of the third year.
While thus eraployed he was actively engaged
in church work, and feeling called to the

JOHN STANLEY LYON.

gospel ministry, he resigned the chair of
classics, and was ordained in the Fair Haven
Baptist Church, Feb. 26, 189 1.
Mr. Lyon raarried EUa G., daughter of
John E. and Almina White, of Mount Holly,
Dec. 29, 1886. He has two children: Clif
ford S., and Raymond F.
Of rare natural abiUty and attainments,
and withal an earnest and impressive speaker.
Rev. Mr. Lyon has placed the church at Fair
Haven among the leading Baptist congrega
tions of the state. Enthusiastic in his work

LUND.
and watchful for opportunities to advance the
interests of his people, he has won many
friends in his chosen field of labor, a fact
which fuUy attests his Christian, manly char
acter. He is deeply and actively interested
in aU public matters but especially in those
that advance the welfare of his beloved Green
Mountain state.
LUND, Henry W., of Canaan, son of
Hezekiah and Mary (Shores) Lund, was
born in Granby, Oct. ii, 1854.
He comraenced his education at district
school No. 2, of Granby, from which more
teachers an,d professional men have corae,
than any other district of its size in that
section of the state. He continued his
studies at St. Johnsbury Acaderay and then
coraraenced reading law with Hon. H. C.
Bates of St. Johnsbury, completing his pro
fessional training with George W. Harts
horn, Esq., at Canaan. He was admitted
to the bar of Essex county at the March
term of 1884, and iraraediately opened an
ofifice in Canaan in which locality he has
reraained and by assiduity and energy has
secured a large connection and profitable
practice. Mr. Lund is a self-made raan and by
teaching paid aU the necessary expense in
curred in obtaining his education and while
pursuing his legal studies. When only
twenty-one he was elected superintendent of
schools in Granby and he has held a simUar
appointraent in the town of Canaan. In
1892 he was made state's attorney and still

McFarland.

251

fiUs that ofifice. He is a young raan of keen
observation, ready wit and resolute will, and

HENRY W. LUND.

wiU undoubtedly, if he so elects, becorae
prorainent in town and county aff'airs.
He was married in 1881 to Carrie V.,
daughter of Sylvester P. and Carrie (Col
burn) Jones of Canaan and formerly of
Farmington, Me.

MCFARLAND, HENRY MOSES, of Hyde
Park, son of Moses and Livonia (Leach)
McFarland, was born in Waterville, August
5, 1852-
Mr. McFarland's great-grandfather served
in the war of the Revolution, coming out of
the service with the rank of major. His
father also served his country in the civil war
as captain of Co. A, 8th Regt. Vt. Vols., and
was a brave and resolute ofificer, having at
various times received honorable raention
for meritorious conduct on the field of battle.
He received his preUminary educational
training in the schools of WaterviUe and the
People's Academy, working his way through
the University of Vermont, where he grad
uated as valedictorian in the class of 1878.
After his collegiate course he came to
Hyde Park, for three years teaching in the
academy, and at the same time reading law
with Messrs. Brigham & Waterman. In 1881
he was admitted to the bar and coraraenced
to practice, being elected three years after
ward state's attorney for LamoiUe county.

In connection with his law practice, he. has
built up an extensive insurance business, his
agency being by far the largest in this sec
tion of the state. Mr. McFarland served his
town for several years as superintendent of
pubhc schools. He was secretary of civil
and miUtary affairs under Governor Page in
1890. He was the first vice president of the
LamoiUe County Savings Bank and Trust
Co., and in 1892 was elected to a similar
position in the LamoiUe County National
Bank of Hyde Park.
He has joined both the orders of Free
Masons and Odd Fellows ; was a charter
member and the first N. G. of the local pr-
ganization of the latter institution in Hyde
Park, and has received not only the degrees
of Ancient Craft Masonry, but those con
ferred by Tucker Chapter, as weU as being a
Knight Templar of Burlington Comraandery.
Mr. McFarland was united, Dec. 22, 1881,
to Julia, daughter of Hou. Waldo and Ellen
(Noyes) Brighara of Hyde Park. Three
children are the issue of their raarriage.

2!;2

mackie.

MACOY.

MACKIE, George CaRDNO, of Barre,
son of John and Ann (Clark) Mackie, was
born in Fraserburg, Aberdeenshire, Scotland,
May I, 1849.
He received his education by attending
the public schools of his native land, and
when seventeen years of age was appren
ticed to the trade of a granite stone cutter.
He emigrated to America in 1 87 1 and worked
at his trade in many states of the Union. At
this tirae the art of cutting and poUshing
granite was in its infancy and mostly all of
the finished work of this description was im
ported from abroad. Mr. Mackie came to
Barre in 1880, accompanied by his half-
brother, Jaraes C. Simpson, and entered the
employment of Wetmore & Morse. They
were the first Scotchmen to ply their trade
in that community, though at present there
are probably a thousand of their countrymen
engaged in similar pursuits in and around

'^

'%.

»:..

GEORGE CARDNO MACKIE.
the neighborhood. In 1884 he commenced
business in partnership with his brother.
They met with great success and at the end
of -three years found theraselves the owners
of a valuable property and employing sixty
men. At this tirae they made an advan
tageous sale of their business to Jones Bros.
of Boston and for five years Mr. Mackie con
tinued to act as their superintendent, during
which time the firm has been very prosper
ous, owing not a littie of their success to the
industry and executive abihty of their raana
ger. Since parting with his interest in the

quarry, Mr. Mackie has invested largely in
real estate and to the care and improvement
of this he has devoted much of his time and
energy. In 1893 he bought out the firm of
Sortwell & Morse and now owns one of the
best raanufacturing plants in Barre, consist
ing of about six acres of land, a fine water
power, with some very valuable granite cut
ting machines. His sons, James and Will
iara, are now his business partners.
He was raarried in 1869 to Mary, daughter
of William and Jane (Scott) Cameron, of
Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and they have four
sons living : James, WilUara, John, and
Robert. Mr. Mackie belongs to the brotherhood of
the "square and corapasses" and is treasurer
of Granite Chapter, R. A. M., of Barre, and
is also trustee of the Burns Club of that
place. He is an adherent of the Repubhcan
party, and has held the ofifice of village
bailiff. He has had to raake his own way in
life, and affords a notable example of what
can be accomplished by energy, intelligence
and public spirit.
MACOY, Byron Grafton, of Cam
bridge, son of Daniel and Laura (Downer)
Macoy, was born in Cambridge, Jan. 8,
1844. Daniel Macoy was a long-time resi
dent of the town, and when a boy of twelve
years paddled the Vermont Volunteers bound
for the seat of war at Plattsburg, across the
river at JeffersonviUe in a log canoe.
Byron was one of a faraily of seven chil
dren, and was educated in the public and
private schools of Carabridge. In 1858 he
went to live with his brother, H. N. Macoy,
who was a lumber merchant in Cambridge
and built the first steam and circular saw
mill in LamoiUe county. During the six
years that he remained with his brother, he
turned his natural mechanical dexterity to
good account, doing all kinds of work that
required this species of skiU. He then
rented the miU for a year of his brother, who
meantime had gone to Ottumwa, la. Byron
soon joined him there, but a year's experi
ence removed all desire to remain in the
West, and he returned to Cambridge in
1866. He, with his brother, W. D. Macoy,
and two others, built the large steam saw
mill now established there. IU-health soon
corapelled hira to relinquish the business, and
during the last twenty years he has been en
gaged in the occupation of a furniture dealer
and undertaker.
He married. May 16, 1871, Emma, daugh
ter of Joseph Riley.
Mr. Macoy is a Republican and was elected
to the Legislature in 1890; served on the
committee on manufactures. As one of the
committee for the construction of the Con
gregational church he was largely instru-

MANCHESTER.

MANLEY.

253

mental in securing the services as architect
of his brother, H. N. Macoy.
Mr. Macoy, by his integrity of purpose and
interest in the general welfare, enjoys in a
large raeasure the esteem and confidence of
his townsmen.

Dr. Manchester has always belonged to
the Republican party, but his professional
duties have not allowed him to raingle rauch
with poUtical affairs. He is a member of
the Republican county coraraittee and chair
raan of the Republican town coramittee in
Pawlet. He is secretary of Morning Flower
Lodge, F. & A. M., and has also regularly
passed the chair in the same body, and is a
meraber of the chapter R. A. M., and of the
council R. & S. M. at Poultney, as well as a
Sir Knight of KiUington Commandery K. T.
of Rutland. A Congregationalist in his
creed, he is both clerk and treasurer of the
church of that denomination in his place of
residence. MANLEY, JOSEPH E., of West Rutland,
son of Fobes and Wealthy (Hill) Manley,
was born at Sutherland Falls, then a portion
ofthe town of Rutland, Feb. 15, 1831.
The subject of this sketch was of English
and Scotch descent, and one of twelve chU
dren of a typical New England faraily. His
father was stern in discipline and of sterling
religious character, leaving the irapress of

BYRON GRAFTON MACOY.

His devotion to the principles of the
Masonic order has given him all the honors
his local lodge could confer upon him. He
is a member of Warner Lodge, No. 50, F.
& A. M., of Cambridge, and has filled all
the chairs of that organization.
MANCHESTER, HiRAM Levi, of Pawlet,
son of Levi W^ and EveUne (Shaw) Manches
ter, was born in Hampton, N. Y., Dec. 28,
1855. He attended the coraraon schools tiU the
age of seventeen and for a year pursued his
studies at Castieton Serainary. He cora
menced his raedical education in Burlington
and received his diploma from the University
of the City of New York, from which institu
tion he graduated on the i8th of February,
1879. Dr. Manchester began the pursuit of his
profession in Fair Haven with Dr. T. E.
Wakefield but after three months opened an
ofifice in Pawlet, in June, 1879, where he has
since remained and built up a large practice.
He raarried, July 8, 1879, in WhitehaU, N.
Y., Flora A., daughter of Harry and Annis
(Benjarain) Bartholomew. Two children
have blessed their union : Paul R., and
Hazel A.

JOSEPH E. MANLEY.

his teachings upon the minds of his children.
Mr. Manley early in life was educated in the
comraon schools, but after attaining his raa
jority, being desirous of higher educational
advantages, he entered Castleton Seminary,
a then leading institution under the charge
of Rev. E. J. Hallock, graduating therefrom

254

MANN.

in 1854. During this tirae he provided for
his support by teaching school in the winter
and eraploying his vacations in agricultural
labor. He was wedded August 19, 1857, to Electa
A., daughter of Ebenezer Porter of OrweU.
Two chUdren were born to thera : Wilbur
P., and Lillian E.
After he left the serainary he engaged in
the marble business, and is considered as an
expert in all matters relating to the deposits
of this stone, and has published an article
on the "Marbles of Rutland County," which
can be found in the first report of Professor
Collier of the Verraont Board of Agriculture.
He is a staunch Republican and believes
in Deraocracy from a Republican stand
point. At the age of twenty-eight he was
chosen justice of the peace for Rutland
county, receiving the compliment of thirteen
consecutive elections, during which time he
has tried raany hundred cases, both civil
and criminal, and his decisions have been
characterized by such justice and impar
tiality, that jury trials were resorted to in
only two instances, and one appeal only
from his decision was reversed in the county
court. During his term of service he secured
a small but well selected library, and occu
pied his leisure hours with the study of the
law. He entered the ofifice of Hon. C. H.
Joyce of Rutland in 1874, and at the March
term of the following year was admitted to
the Rutland county bar, since which time he
has been in successful practice. His ser
vices have been especially sought in the set
tleraent of estates as administrator and com
missioner. Mr. Manley is philanthropic in
spirit, and has done much in the aid of the
church and the cause of temperance ; held
the ofifice of special prosecutor for six years
prior to 1892 ; was secretary of the Rutland
County Temperance Society for ten years, and
for a considerable period dischared the du
ties of president. He was elected a resident
meraber of the Webster Historical Society
of Boston in 1884, and evincing an early
taste for literary metaphysical study he has
written and published many articles on
standard and popular subjects.
In his religious belief he is a Congrega
tionalist, and united with the First Church at
West Rutiand, July 4, i860. During a resi
dence of over thirty years at West Rutland,
he has taken a lively interest in promoting
the welfare and prosperity of the village,
having invested to a large extent in real
estate. He has erected raany structures,
both dwelling houses and for business pur
poses, and ever raanifests a strong desire to
promote the progress of the town and state.
MANN, Charles David, of Ira, son of
Benjamin S. and Harriet (Thornton) Mann,

MANN.
was born in Middletown Springs, Dec. 21
i860. He is of mixed English and Scotch
descent and his paternal grandfather took
part in the carapaigns of 18 12. His parents
moved from Middletown Springs to Ira in
i'86i, from which place his father enlisted in
Co. B, 9th Regt. Vt. Vols. Benjamin was
taken a prisoner at Harper's Ferry and was
sent to Chicago on parole where he died of
fever. Charles D. Mann received the usual edu
cational advantages of the public schools and
was afterwards a pupil in the Vermont Acad
emy at Saxton's River. His father's death
left his mother and one brother to face the

CHARLES DAVID MANN.

Struggle of hfe alone. Since Mr.. Mann
reached his majority he has always devoted
himself to some extent to pubhc affairs. He
comraenced his public career by an appoint
ment as constable and coUector of his native
town which latter ofifice he has held until the
present time. He has also been made
school superintendent and was the choice of
the county convention in 1892 to discharge
the duties of coraraissioner. In 1893 Gover
nor FuUer conferred upon him the honor of
a commission as justice of the peace. He
has been actively connected with the wtirk
of the Baptist church since the age of six
teen and even while at the academy he was
largely interested in the Y. M. C. A. He
was one of the charter members of Camp
John A. Sheldon S. of V., and for a time
acted as their quartermaster. He follows

MANN.

25s

principally the calling of a farraer but pays
considerable attention to pension clairas and
insurance. MANN, HOSEA, Jr., of Wilmington, son
of Hosea and Maria (Grousbeck) Mann, was
born in Wilmington, July 13, 1858.
He received his early education at the
comraon schools of his native town, and at
the Brattleboro Academy and Eastman's
Business CoUege, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. After
leaving school he commenced the study of
the theory and practice of law with the Hon.
O. E. Butterfield, was adraitted to the Wind
hara county bar in 1882, and at once began
the practice of his profession at Wilmington.

HOSEA MANN, JR.
In 1879, as soon as Mr. Mann had reached
his raajority, he was elected treasurer of the
Wilmington Savings bank and town clerk of
the town of Wilmington, both of which posi
tions he held until 1885, when he resigned
to devote his tirae to other matters. In 1886
he was elected state's attorney for Windham
county, and served in that capacity for a full
terra of two years. He was elected to the
General Assembly for the successive terms,
1886, 1888, and 1890, and served with great
credit, giving valuable assistance in putting
through many important measures. In 1890
his abiUty as a legislator was recognized, and
he was elected speaker of the House, being
one of the youngest raen who ever received
that honor.
Mr. Mann is interested in raany financial
and industrial enterprises, and has given a

great deal of his tirae and money to the de
velopment of his own town and state as a
place of suraraer resort.
He was married, February, 1880, to Eva
A., daughter of Rev. Jeremiah and Jane
Gifford of Wilmington. Of this union is one
son : Ralph Hosea.
MARSH, Charles Phelps, late of
Woodstock, son of John and Amstis Marsh,
was born in Wethersfield, Jan. 7, 18 16.
He carae of distinguished ancestry, the first
progenitor of the family being John Marsh,
who organized a colony in Connecticut in
1635- The subject of this sketch graduated frora
the University of Verraont in 1839, com
menced the study of law in the office of
Chandler & BiUings of Woodstock, and was
adraitted to the bar in 1843 at the May
term of the Windsor county court. A year
later Mr. Marsh formed a partnership with
Peter T. Washburn, Esq., which continued
for a quarter of a century. During these
years of active professional life he held sev
eral high positions of honor and trust, and
for four years was state's attorney for Wind
sor county. He was in 1870 a meraber of
the Constitutional Convention, and in 1886
and 1888 represented Woodstock - in the
House of Representatives. He was for raany
years one of the assistant judges of the
Windsor county court, and the bar of his
own county and lawyers frora other counties
having cases at Woodstock were content with
his judgment and rulings as with those of a
regular presiding judge from the suprerae
bench. Politically, he was an original Harrison
and Clay whig, and naturally becarae an
adherent of the Repubhcan party when it
was formed in 1854. In 1842, while a law
student, he edited the Whig Advocate, a
carapaign paper, and with such care and
abiUty that it attained a great circulation and
won hira deserved praise.
Judge Marsh was always a strong friend of
education, an earnest advocate of morality
and whatever tended to the promotion of
the pubhc good. His talents both in busi
ness and in a judicial way were particularly
adrainistrative, and he ever evinced a mas
tery of the situation whatever might be the
emergency. His life was such in aU his re
lations with his fellowmen that it is not to be
wondered at that his death, which occurred
Jan. 13, 1893, was so generally raourned in
Verraont. Judge Marsh was married on the 5 th of
July, 1844, to Mary EUzabeth, daughter of
Rev. Worthington Wright. Four sons were
born to them, the oldest of whora alone sur
vives : John W. Marsh, Esq., a lawyer now
residing in Chicago. Mrs. Marsh died in

256

MARSH.

MARSHALL.

1854 and Judge Marsh contracted a second
alUance, in 1859, with Araelia Brayton of
Swanton, who survives him.
He wasa member of the Masonic fratern
ity, and the society of Odd Fellows.
Judge Marsh was a gentleman of a school
that, if it was not the old school, yet was old
enough to carry memory back to pleasant
days "before the war." A stranger would
hardly have selected hira as one to lead in
an "end of the century" body of legislators,
yet in a House of two hundred and forty
members, raade up largely of farmers, this
faultlessly dressed lawyer of courtly and not
new-fashioned raanner did lead. The secret
was an open one. He was a clear-headed,
candid gentleraan, one fit to represent
Woodstock. MARSH, PLATT T., of SiraonsvUle, son of
Col. Sylvanus and Sarah D. (Thorn) Marsh,
was born in the town of Andover, Jan. 5,
1 844. His father served with distinction in
the war of 181 2.
He was educated in the public schools of
Andover, and has always devoted himself to
the occupation of farming. He has a very
pleasant home, around which cluster the
cherished memories of kindred running back
for more than a hundred years. Here he
cultivates his fertile acres, making a specialty
of the dairy and in addition possessing a
fine orchard of maple trees, from which he
annually gathers an abundant crop of sugar
and syrup.
He married, April 13, 1869, Abbie H.,
daughter of Mills and Emily (Lockwood)
Redfield. Their children are : Mary A.
(Mrs. George P. Stickney), Henry P., and
Arthur R.
Mr. .Marsh is a strong Republican and for
several years has performed the duties of
selectman, while he has been called upon to
fill many ofifices of trust and responsibility in
the town where he resides. In 1890 he was
elected to the Legislature and again in 1892.
In this body he served on the coraraittee of
the grand list and that on the insane, and
has always discharged his duties creditably
and conscientiously.
MARSHALL, JESSE, late of YVest Burke,
son of Jesse and Sarah (Hall) MarshaU, was
born in Ludlow, Dec. 12, 181 7.
Receiving his education in the public
schools of Guildhall and Burke, to which
latter town his parents reraoved in 1833, he
first purchased a sraall farra which he cleared
but sold in 1854. He then bought a much
larger property, on which he lived during
the rest of his days, bringing it up to a fine
state of cultivation, and devoting especial
attention to the breeding of Devon cattle
and Morgan horses. Mr. Marshall was

eminently successful in aU his agricultural
enterprises, and was one of the substantial
men of the town whose good judgment and
sound sense was esteeraed by aU who came
in contact with him. He becafine a large
stockholder in the Fairbanks Scale Co., in
various banks, and was largely interested in
real estate in the town of Burke and its
vicinity. He was united in marriage July 20, 1843,
to Calista A., daughter of John and Nancy
(Bemis) Martin, of Burke, whom he had
the raisfortune to lose by death, June 18,
1862. By her he had: Carrie (deceased).

JESSE MARSHALL.

Benoni HaU, and Fayette (deceased). He
was again married, July 30, 1862, to Isabel
M., daughter of Joshua and Sarah M.
(Allen) Thoraas, of Burke.
Mr. Marshall for very raany years had
served as selectman, overseer, lister and
auditor of the town in which he resided, and
enjoyed to such an extent the confidence of
the community, that, in 1870 and 1872, he
was called by a Republican constituency to
represent Burke in the Legislature where he
rendered important service upon the grand
list and other coraraittees. He was intrust
ed with the duties of adrainistrator of many
estates. A strong Universalist in his relig
ious belief, he attended and supported the
UniversaUst church. He was a very charit
able and pubhc-spirited man, and his death,
which occurred May 21, 1892, was sincerely
raourned as an irreparable loss by a
circle of friends and acquaintances.

MARSHALL.

257

MARSHALL, OSCAR AZOR,lateof Brat
tleboro, son of Azor and Ann (Estabrook)
MarshaU, was born at Oak Grove, Wis.,
August 9, 1858.
He was educated in the public schools of
Brattieboro, and entered the employment of
the Vermont National Bank, May 31, 1875.
He became assistant cashier of the People's
National Bank in 1883, and cashier in 1886,
which position he held to the time of his
death. He was a director of the People's
National Bank, and also a trustee of the
Brooks Library. Mr. Marshall was one of
the incorporators of the Brattleboro Savings
Bank, the Verraont Savings Bank of Brattle
boro, and the Wilmington Savings Bank.

OSCAR AZOR MARSHALL.

Mr. MarshaU represented Brattieboro in
the Legislature of Vermont in the sessions of
1890 and 1 89 1. He was a useful member,
and ably served his town and state. He
introduced the first bill providing for a
secret ballot law in the state, basing it upon
the Austrahan system, and it was largely
through his painstaking efforts that this be
came a law. He held numerous minor town
offices, in aU of which he proved himself a
conscientious, scrupulous, honorable gentie-
raan. He was one of the rising young raen of
the state, enjoying the full confidence and
esteera of all who knew him, and his death
was universaUy regretted, for no raan in the
comraunity was more beloved. A good
citizen, a faithful friend, and a pubhc bene

factor, he was most sincerely raourned when
he passed from this mortal hfe.
Mr. MarshaU was married Sept. 25, 1883,
to Katherine R., daughter of Francis W.
and Matilda C. (Smith) Brooks. Of this
union are two children : EUzabeth G., and
Brooks. MARTIN, Frank J., of Barre, son of
Kirabail P. and Delana (WUey) Martin, was
born in Washington, Oct. 22, 1858. The
Martin faraily carae to Verraont frora Con
necticut. PYank Martin's progenitors were
early settlers of WiUiamstown and their de
scendants forra no inconsiderable share of
the population of that town.
The early life of Mr. Martin was on a farra,
and raore than ordinary tasks devolved upon
him in consequence of the sickness and early
death of his father. In spite of his increased
duties he managed to secure such a share of
knowledge as was aff'orded by the schools of
Barre and Williamstown and some attend
ance at the Barre Acaderay.
For four years after he had entered active
life he divided his attention between eraploy-
raent as a clerk in the winter season and
labor on the farra in suraraer. In 1880 he
had acquired sufficient funds to take a four
years' course of study at Worcester Academy,
Mass. This he accomplished in three years
and graduated in June, 1883. He then
taught school in Connecticut and in Will
iarastown, and after eraployraent as a clerk
in Massachusetts and Verraont, he com
menced, in 1887, the study of law in the
ofifice of Frank Plumley, of Northfield, re
maining there tiU May, 1888, when he went
to Montpelier, and whUe deputy-clerk of the
Washington county court studied with M.
E. Smilie, tUl AprU, 1890, when he entered
the ofifice of H. A. Huse, of Montpelier.
He was adraitted to the bar at the general
term, 1890.
In December, 1890, with F. P. Carleton,
he began practice at Barre in the firm of
Martin & Carleton, which continued tiU Mr.
Carleton's removal to Montpelier in 1892.
December, 1892, he and L. P. Slack formed
the firra of Martin & Slack.
Mr. Martin, Dec. 28, 1892, espoused Ida
M., daughter of Samuel G. and Lucy M.
(Wheeler) Norris.
He is a Republican and is one of the
town grand jurors and one of the listers of
Barre. In 1890 and 1892 he was second
assistant state librarian. He has taken the
blue lodge degrees and affiliates with
Granite Lodge, No. 38, F. & A. M.
MARTIN, JOSEPH Gray, of Manches
ter Center, son of James and Lucy (Gray)
Martin, was born in Landgrove, Oct. 8, 1850.

25 8 JIARTIN.
His education was obtained in the schools
of Landgrove and Londonderry and for a
tirae he enjoyed private instruction in the
latter place and Peru. After a visit to the
South he returned to his native place on
account of ill-health, and in 1869 he studied
law with his brother J. L. Martin in South
Londonderry. Here he remained tUl 1874
when he was for a short time with Jon
athan G. Eddy of Jamaica. He was ad
raitted to the bar at the April term of the
Windham county court in the sarae year,
and soon after opened an ofifice in London
derry where he reraained till 1881 when he
reraoved to Manchester Center. Mr. Martin
has been admitted to practice in the Suprerae
Court and both the district and circuit
courts of the United States. By meritorious
exertion he has arrived at a large general

JOSEPH GRAY MARTIN.
practice, has been retained as attorney for
two national banks and employed as counsel
for either the state or the respondent in
several important criminal cases. In 1886
he forraed a copartnership with Frank T.
Spring, which continued tUl the death of the
latter, and in 1888 he forraed a partnership
with Frank Archibald, state's attorney, which
arrangeraent stUl continues. In 1894 he
organized the Verraont Spring Co., of which
he is president. This corporation owns a
large tract on Putney raountain containing
chalybeate and sulphur mineral springs.
January 14, 1873, Mr. Martin was umted
to Mary E., daughter of Joshua and Lydia
A. (AValker) Barnard of Winhall, who died

MARTIN.
March 9, 1886, leaving four chUdren: Lucy
E., Willard B., Lucius P., and James G.
(deceased). Mr. Martin belongs to the dominant
party of the state but has held only a few
rainor offices. He is an Episcopalian in
religious belief and has taken the Masonic
degrees conferred in Anchor Lodge, No. on
F. & A. M. of South Londonderry.
MARTIN, James Loren, of Brattieboro,
son of Jaraes and Lucy (Gray) Martin, was
born at Landgrove, Sept. 18, 1846.
His early education was in the district
schools, and at Londonderry and Marlow
(N. H.) acaderaies. In 1867 he became a
student of Judge H. H. Wheeler, and pursued
his legal studies as tirae and opportunity
perraitted. The following year he went to
the law school in Albany, N. Y., from which
he graduated, and was admitted to the Ben
nington county bar at the June term in
1869. He practiced law in Londonderry
from that time until January, 1882, when he
bought out the law business of the late Charles
N. Davenport, and moved to Brattieboro. In
1888 he forraed a copartnership with Hon.
E. L. Waterman, and later George B. Hitt
becarae a member of the firm. He com
mands a leading position as a lawyer.
In 1886 he was elected president of the
Brattieboro Tool Co., and two years later was
appointed tax commissioner by Governor
Dillingham, which ofifice he still holds. In
the fall of 1 89 1 he forraed a partnership with
L. E. Holden, for the raanufacture of lumber,
and the firra is now conducting a large busi
ness. He is also president of the Martin &
Fitts Lime and Cement Manufacturing Co.
Mr. Martin's political career began with
his election to the Legislature as representa
tive of Londonderry in 1874, in which body
he served on the coraraittee on education,
having charge of the bill to abolish the board
of education and for the appointment of a
state superintendent. Two years later he
was again returned to the Legislature, serv
ing as chairraan of the committee on elec
tions, and a raeraber of the judiciary com
mittee. In 1878 he was for a third time
elected to the sarae position, and was chosen
speaker of the House on the second ballot
He was elected to the House in 1880 and
1882, and at both of the last-named sessions
was again chosen speaker. His thorougn
knowledge of parliamentary law, and singular
aptitude for the prompt dispatch of business
rightfully won for him his reputation as a
raodel speaker. In 1892 he represented
Brattleboro, and declined being a candidate
for speaker. He was chairraan of the judic
iary coraraittee, second on the ways and
means committee. At this session he won the
reputation of being a painstaking, hard-

MARTIN.

MARTIN.

259

¦working, and a very useful raeraber of the
House of Representatives.
He was first married, Nov. 19, 1869, to
DeUa E., daughter of Lewis and Mary
(Aiken) Howard. She died Dec. 14, 1881.
'Three children were born to them, none of
whom survive.
On the loth of January, 1883, he married
Jessie LiUey, daughter of Capt. Edward and
.Susan (LiUey) Dewey, of MontpeUer. They
have three children : Margaret Susan, Helen
Ruth, and Katharine Gray.
MARTIN, Milton, 'of Williamstown, son
¦of Jaraes and Martha (Coburn) Martin, was
born in Williarastown, Feb. 19, 1809.
He was one of a family of nine children,
and a brother of the late ex-Lieut.-Gov.
Burnam Martin, and lived the frugal life of a
farmer's boy until he was eighteen years old.
During this time he obtained what educa
tional advantages he could from the comraon
schools of WiUiamstown. Abandoning his
original occupation he resolved to learn the
trade of a blacksmith, and was apprenticed
for three years to Enoch Howe, with whora
he served his time.
Shortly after he went to Wolcott and there
married, in 1832, Mary Martyn, by whora he
had seven children, three of whom are living :
,Albert R., Lenora (Mrs. Austen H. Young of
Minneapolis), and Fred R. His wife died
-in 1868, and he espoused Mrs. Nancy (Whit-
.ney) Covil, who passed away March 12, 1875.
He has contracted a third aUiance with Mrs.
Nancy (Martin) Chamberlain. Mr. Martin
reraained in W^olcott for five years, pursuing
his trade, and then returned to Williarastown,
where he continued at the forge, until his
eldest son had gained skill and experience
sufificient to succeed him, when he turned his
attention to farming and also the manage
ment of the village inn. He bears his years
hghtly and "the grasshopper is not a burden"
in his ripe old age, and though somewhat
deaf all his physical and mental faculties are
unimpaired and active.
Mr. Martin may properly be designated a
Jacksonian Democrat, for he cast his first
presidential vote for "Old Hickory" and he
has adhered to that party ever since. He
has been honored with ofificial trusts both in
Wolcott and WiUiamstown ; was postmaster
for five years and justice for fifteen in the
latter town, which place he has twice repre-
resented in the Legislature. He has also
been a director in the MontpeUer Sr White
River R. R.
MARTIN, William, late of Plainfield,
son of William and Sabrina (Axtell) Martin,
¦was born in the town of Marshfield. His
¦grandfather, Jesse Martin, was a veteran of
Bunker Hill, and his father, Hon. WUliam

Martin, was a man of raark, who represented
Marshfield for thirteen years in the Legisla
ture, was colonel of a cavalry regiraent, and
associate judge of the county court.
WiUiam Martin passed through the usual
experience in his boyhood days, receiving
his education in the common schools. The
rough and constant labor of the farm devel
oped his energy and endowed hira with un
common physical strength and endurance
He was always a prodigious worker, and for
a time was a manufacturer and merchant,
but for many years devoted his chief atten
tion to the occupation of his youth. He is
a large owner of real estate, possessing at
the tirae of his death several extensive farms
in this and neighboring towns, and he was
also the proprietor of a large saw mill, which
is carried on by his sons.
Mr. Martin was an enthusiastic adherent
of the dorainant party in the state, and held
raany public ofifices ; representing Marshfield
in the Legislature.
He was strongly in favor of a vigorous
prosecution of the civil war, and one of his
sons, WiUiara E. Martin, served as 2d lieu
tenant in Co. C, 13th Regt. Vt. Vols., under
the coramand of Col. E. V. Randall, and
was promoted to ist lieutenant before that
regiraent was mustered out. He then en
listed in the 17th Regt., and was kiUed at
the battle of Petersburg Mine, July 30, 1864.
In honor of his memory the local organiza
tion of the Grand Army of the Republic in
Plainfield received its title of the WUliam
E. Martin Post.
The subject of this sketch was wedded
Jan. II, 1838, to Vienna L. Perrin, by whom
he has had eight chUdren : Julia S. (Mrs.
Walter Page, deceased), Williara E. (kUled
at Petersburg, Va., as stated above), Curtis
A., Cassius L., Charles P., Edwin B., Harry
H., and Benjarain F.
MARTIN, Willard S., of Plainfield,
son of Joshua B. and Betsy (Sheppard)
Martin, was born in Marshfield, Jan. 26,
1827. He enjoyed only the privileges of the
coraraon school, but by active observation
and assiduous reading he is practically a
weU educated raan.
In i860 he moved to Plainfield and pur
chased a fine property of nearly six hundred
acres, and he has made his horae here ever
since. He has been an extensive dealer in
and breeder of fine stock. A public-spirited
raan of kindly and syrapathetic nature, he
has met with some serious losses in generous
attempts to assist his neighbors and friends.
Mr. Martin was united in marriage, Feb.
21, i860, to Fannie, daughter of Orlando
and Ceciha (Nash) Lewis of East Mont
peher, who died May 7, 1889. Five chil-

26o

MASON.

MATTHEWS.

dren are the issue of their raarriage : K.
Ahce, WiUard S., Jr., Orlando L., Arthur R.
(deceased), and Edgar L.
Mr. Martin is a Republican in his pohtical
belief and has been entrusted with raany
responsible positions in his town. He has
held the ofifice of Justice of the peace for
thirty years and was chosen to the Legisla
ture in 1864 and 1865. He received the
election of associate judge in 1874, and con-

WILLARD S. MARTIN.
tinned on the bench for four years. He was
elected senator from Washington county in
1882. He was six years director of the Barre
National Bank, and two years president of the
Washington County Agricultural Society.
Judge Martin is a Universahst, has always
taken a hvely interest in educational matters,
and for a long tirae has been a trustee of
Goddard Seminary of Barre.
MASON, Charles W., of Vergennes,
son of Lawrence S. and Sarah (French)
Mason, was born in Potsdam, N. Y., Nov. 6,
1837- He was educated at the coraraon schools
and acaderay at New Haven, receiving a
thorough preparation for after life. He has
always devoted his attention to farming, and
by industry and skill from smaU beginnings
has increased the value of his property to
such an extent that he has now one of the
best farras of Addison county, consisting of
over four hundred acres of productive land.
He is a breeder and dealer in thoroughbred
Merino sheep, and has raised many of very

high value. These have been exported to
nearly all states of the Union, and he has
also shipped many to Africa, being one" of
the first to estabUsh this enterprise. He also
is a breeder of high-blood horses.
Mr. Mason is a Republican, and has been
honored with various town ofifices, and is
popular and prorainent in Addison county.
He enhsted in Co. G, 14th Vt. Vols., when
they organized Sept. 9, 1862, and was
raustered in in October of the same year,
holding the position of 2d heutenant. Re
turning to Verraont in July, 1863, he raised
Co. E for the 3d Vt Mihtia Regt., and was
commissioned captain by ex-Gov. J. Gregory
Smith. He was present and took part in the
bloody struggle at Gettysburg, and has a war
record of which one may well be proud.
He belongs to the Masonic brotherhood,
being a member of Libanus Lodge, No. 47,
of Bristol, and the Chapter and Royal Arch
Lodge of Vergennes. He has been a mem
ber of the Congregationalist church for a
quarter of a century, and is one of the ex
amining and building coramittee of the
church recently erected.
Mr. Mason is a well-informed gentleman
on state and foreign raatters, and an intelli
gent and pleasant conversationalist.
MATTHEWS, CHARLES W., of Granby,
son of Jonathan and Nancy F. (Bell) Mat
thews, was born in Granby, August 31, 1857.
Jonathan Matthews came to Granby in
1838, and has ever since been a resident of
that place, purchasing the farm on which he
now lives. The son received an excellent
education in the district school, and com
pleted his instruction at the St. Johnsbury
Acaderay. He has always remained on the
paternal estate, and is an enterprising and
substantial farmer, an enviable lot in these
days of bustling and by no means remuner
ative toil in other branches of money getting.
He belongs to the ruling party of Vermont,
and has received the ofifices of Uster and
selectman, and enjoyed the honors of town
clerk and treasurer for nearly fifteen years.
He has served as county commissioner, and
also was a member of the House of Repre
sentatives in 1880 and 1892. Though a
young raan, Mr. Matthews has been promi
nent in town and county affairs, and gives
promise of a career of much usefulness.
He is a prominent meinber of the 1. 0. 0. F.
Mr. Matthews was married June 25, 1879,.
to Hettie, daughter of Loomis and Adeline
(Farr) WeUs. They have one child : Leila.
MATTISON, William P., of South
Shaftsbury, son of Reuben and Eunice (Slye)
Mattison, was born in Shaftsbury, Dec. 22,
1828. His great-grandfather, Thomas Matti
son, came from Rhode Island in the latter

MA1TIS0N.

MATTISON.

261

half of the i8th century, was chosen the first
town clerk of Shaftsbury, and the earliest
deed on record in that town bears his signa
ture. The opportunities for early education en
joyed by William P. were those afforded by
the schools of his native town, supplemented
by a short course at North Bennington Acad
emy. For several succeeding winters he was
employed in teaching in Bennington and
HiUsdale, N. Y'. On his return to Shaftsbury
he gave his attention to the raanufacture of
squares for several years, stiU continuing at
intervals his former profession and devoting
all his spare time to the study of law, which
he hoped to adopt as a profession.

WILLIAM P. MATTISON.
Mr. Mattison was united in wedlock August
9, 1853, to Sarah C, daughter of WiUiara P.
and Catherine (Sharts) Stickle, of HiUsdale,
N. Y. Five children were the fruit of the
union : Katherine A. (Mrs. Charles F. Chapin
of Waterbury, Conn.), Frederick L., May V.
(Mrs. George A. Bruce of South Shaftsbury),
WiUiam R. and Clayton S.
Some time after his marriage, he removed
to Hillsdale, and during a period of about
five years engaged in teaching and farming,
and also became a partner in a general store.
In 1 86 1 he again returned to Shaftsbury,
and entered the employment of the Eagle
Square Co. He had always taken great in
terest in the affairs of this corporation, giv
ing much time to the study of square-making
and improved machinery therefor. In 1864

the Eagle Square Co., which tiU then had
been organized as a partnership, was incor
porated and three years later Mr. Mattison
was elected secretary and treasurer. In
1883 he was promoted to the position of
vice-president, which office he holds at
the present tirae. In 1880 the plant of the
company, which had been repeatedly en
larged to accommodate the manufacture of
bedsteads, sash and bhnds, and boring raa
chines, was destroyed by fire, with the excep
tion of the square-finishing department, and
it was principaUy owing to the active and in
telligent efforts of Mr. Mattison that the works
were reconstructed. To him was entrusted
the responsible task of erecting the necessary
buildings and providing a new plant on a
larger scale than the former, equipped with
the most improved machinery. In this en
terprise he was eminently successful and the
company is now raore prosperous than ever
before. His success as the chief acting execu
tive ofificer of the Eagle Square Manufacturing
Co. for a long terra of years stamps him as a
representative raember of that large and
valued class of New England manufacturers
who have done so much to win the high repu
tation which these states enjoy as industrial
centers. Pohtically, Mr. Mattison has been a Repub
lican since the inception of the party. His
natural ability and energy have made him a
fit candidate for many ofificial positions in
both Shaftsbury and Flillsdale. In 1872 he
represented his town in the Legislature, serv
ing as a member of the committee on land
taxes and taking an active part in all matters
affecting the raanufacturing interests of the
state. Six years subsequently he was chosen
state senator frora Bennington county, in
which body he was a raember of several
highly iraportant coraraittees.
Mr. Mattison, by an accident received in
1858, had the misfortune to lose the sight of
his right eye, which disquaUfied him for ser
vice in the late war.
In his reUgious preferences he inclines to
the Baptist faith. He has always taken a
lively interest in the welfare of his native
town to whose material welfare he has been so
large a contributor.
MATTISON, FRED LELAND, of South
Shaftsbury, son of William P. and Sarah
(Stickle) Mattison, was born in Hillsdale,
N. Y., AprU 20, 1857.
His educational advantages were received
in the public schools of Shaftsbury, the
graded school of North Bennington and the
Wilbraham (Mass) Academy. He cora
raenced the active business of Hfe as a clerk
in his father's store in South Shaftsbury and
afterwards became bookkeeper of the Eagle
Square Co. tiU the year 1884 when he was

262

McCULLOUGH.

elected secretary and treasurer of that cor
poration, which position he still retains, and
since the illness of his father has had the chief
control ofthe business. He is one ofthe stock
holders in that company which was founded
by Silas Hawes in 1812. In 1878 Mr.
Mattison purchased a third interest in the
general store owned by W. P. Mattison &
Co. In his political sentiments he is Republi
can and he supports and attends the Metho
dist church.

FRED LELAND MATTISON.
He married, Nov. 29, 1881, Jennie,
daughter of Clark and Sarina Bates of South
Shaftsbury. Four children have blessed the
union : Raymond, Louis, Irwin, and Dorothy.
MAY, Elisha, of St. Johnsbury, son of
Preston and Sophia Stevens (Grout) May,
was born in Concord, Dec. 12, 1842.
He was educated at the comraon schools
and at St. Johnsbury Academy. After his
preliminary studies he read law with Jona
than Ross, Esq., at St. Johnsbury and was
adraitted to the bar at the Deceraber term
in Caledonia county in 1867. The following
year he served as assistant clerk in the House
of Representatives under John H. Flagg. At
one time a partner of Henry E. Belden, Esq.,
Mr. May is now associated with Hon. Henry
C. Bates.
Forraerly a raember of the RepubUcan
party, he withdrew his allegiance in 1884,
being a pronounced opponent of the doc

trines of the protectionists, and is now a
strong Cleveland Democrat of the independ
ent type, who believes in principle rather
than party.
Mr. May was raarried Dec. 12, 1872, to
Miss Eunice A. S., daughter of Sumner 'w..
and Rosette (Eastraan) Arnold. Three chil
dren have been the issue of this marriage ;,
Florence Joanna, Eunice Rosette, and Bea
trice Sophia.
During the war he made an attempt to en-
hst in the 17 th Regt. Vt. Vols., but was re
jected. A second effort was more successful,
and he was enroUed in the 26th Regt. New
York Cavalry under Col. Ferris Jacobs. He
received a coramission frora Governor Fen
ton as ist lieutenant and regimental com
raissary, but was not present at any battle of
the war.
Mr. May has also knelt at the shrine of
Free Masonry, having taken the degrees of
blue lodge, chapter and teraple and he is a
raeraber of Charaberlain Post, No. i, G. A. R.
A modest and unassuming man, notwith
standing his hberal and advanced view of
the present aspect of pubhc affahs, he has
never sought for political promotion, but he
was the candidate for auditor of accounts on
the Democratic ticket in 1890 and 1892,
and is a raeraber of the Democratic state
committee for Caledonia county. Mr. Ylay
was in 1893 appointed bank examiner in
Verraont by President Cleveland, and is at
present director of the state prison and house
of correction.
McCULLOUGH, JOHN GRIFFITH, of
Bennington, son of Alexander and Rebecca
McCuUough, was born in Newark, Del. He
is of raingled Scotch and Welsh ancestry,
and the circumstances which surrounded his
early youth did not present a rosy prospect
for his future ; for his father died when he
was three years of age, and his mother when
he was seven. His early educational advan
tages were meagre, but with unwearied in
dustry he made the raost of them, and suc
ceeded in graduating frora Delaware College
with the highest honors before reaching his
twentieth year. He then commenced the
study of law in the office of St. George
Tucker Campbell of Philadelphia, dividing
his tirae between study and practical expe
rience in the ofifice and attendance atthe
law school of the University of Pennsyl-'
vania, frora which institution he received
the degree of LLB. In 1859 he was ad
raitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania. At this rime impaired health
rendered a change of climate and surround
ings necessary, and he set saU in that year
for San Francisco, but the severity of the
seacoast winds induced him to remove to
Sacramento, where he was admitted to the

^Jjgy|/^C.^5<^£^<MX^^

ff?a

264

McCULLOUGH.

bar of the Supreme Court of California.
Even here the cliraate was too rough for his
delicate condition, and he soon changed his
residence to Mariposa, at the foot of the
picturesque Sierra Nevadas. California at
this tirae was passing through her trying
pioneer period, and her precarious situation
was about to be complicated by the bursting
of the war cloud of the rebellion, and the
young lawyer arrived on this rough scene in
time to perforra his part in the draraa. A
terrible struggle between the Secessionists of
Southern California and the Unionists ap
peared inevitable, when the arrival of Gen
eral Sumner, sent by the government to su
persede Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, then
in command at Fort Alcatraz, frustrated the
scherae of Southern syrapathizers to separate
California from the Union. In young Mc
CuUough, whose loyalty to the Federal
governraent was intense. General Sumner
found a ready and efificient supporter and
coadjutor. Ascending the stump, in spite
of his delicate health which precluded active
service in the field, by his courage and elo
quence, he did yeoraan service for the cause
of freedora and national unity.
Having secured the adrairation and confi
dence of the Union element, he was nomi
nated for the General Assem'bly in 1861, and
elected by a triumphant coalition of Repub
licans and Douglas Democrats. In 1862 his
constituents returned him to the state Senate,
though the district up to that time had been
overwhelmingly Democratic. Such was his
success and vigor in shaping legislation, that
notwithstanding his youth and his brief ex
perience as a practical lawyer, he was norai
nated the next year by the state convention
of the Republican party as attorney-general
of California, and elected by an overwhelm
ing majority. In this position he labored
with signal skill and success in the interest
of and for the honor of the state. Renomi
nated in 1867, he faUed of a re-election,
though receiving the largest vote of any can
didate on the Republican ticket. For four
succeeding years as the head of a well-known
law firm in San Francisco, he enjoyed a
highly renumerative practice and the en
viable reputation wUh court, counsel and
client, of a practitioner scrupulously accurate
in statement and in every action or position
governed by the nicest sense of professional
honor. In 187 1, while on a visit to the eastern
states. General McCuUough raarried Eliza
HaU, daughter of Trenor W. and Laura V. H.
Park of Bennington. They have four chib
dren : HaU Park, EUzabeth L., Ella S., and
Esther Morgan.
Two years after his raarriage, having
acquired an ample fortune, he reraoved to
Southern Verraont, where he interested him-

McDUFFEE.
seh in railroad, commercial and banking
enterprises. His active operations in these
directions have made him for some months
in the year a resident of New York, where a
portion of his tirae is passed, but his home
and permanent and favorite residence is in
the Green Mountain state. Some disap
pointed individual has said that Vermont
was a good state to emigrate from ; the sub
ject of this sketch believes rather that it is a
good state not only to emigrate to, but to
marry into also. He is an ardent admirer
of those Vermont raethods and principles by
which, the Grecian statesman said, a small
state may be made great, and a great state
greater stiU.
Frora 1873 to 1883 he was vice-president
and general raanager of the Panama Railroad
Co., and from the latter year until his resigna
tion in 1888 he was president and directing
genius of the corporation. He was elected
a director of the Erie R. R. in 1884, and
since 1888 has been chairman of the execu
tive committee. He was the first president
of the Chicago & Erie R. R., a position
which he still holds, and is president of the
Bennington & Rutland Railroad Co. He
is also president of the First National Bank
of North Bennington, a director in the New
York Security and Trust Co., of the Fidelity
and Casualty Insurance Co. of that city, and
is largely interested in many other corpora
tions. Araerican politics have always possessed
the liveliest interest for General McCuUough,
and he has suffered no political campaign to
pass by since i860, in which his voice has
not been heard in earnest and efficient
advocacy of the raen and principles of the
Republican party, yet he entertains no
ambition in the direction of public ofiice.
His genial nature and social tastes have won
hira hosts of friends, and his home life in
the state of his adoption is singularly happy
and contented.
MCDUFFEE, HENRY CLAY, of Bradford,
son of John and Dolly (Greenleaf) McDuffee,
was born at Bradford, Oct. 3, 1831. John
McDuff"ee was one of the first settlers of the
town. He was a teacher and later a railroad
projector and civU engineer of distinguished
abUity and extended reputation.
Henry C. was educated in the Bradford
pubhc schools and at Bradford Academy.
He lived upon the farra where he was born
untU 1868, when he removed to his pleasant
home on Main street in Bradford where he
now lives. He learned surveying at an
early age and has always pursued that voca
tion more or less. After the death of his
father, and brother Charies, who were agents
for Joseph Bell of Boston, an extensive land
owner in Canada, New England and the

McDUFFEE.

McGETTRICK.

265

western states, Mr. McDuffee was appointed
agent, having coraplete control of the man
ageraent and sale of this large property, and
discharged that trust with rauch credit.
During that time and since, he has had
charge of many other complicated estates
in dififerent parts of the country, and has
also conducted a widely extended business
in buying and seUing real estate in the
South and West. F'or a number of years
Mr. McDuffee had the manageraent of some

HENRY CLAY McDUFFEE.
large oil wells and coal mines in Ohio.
Afterwards he was manager of a linen mill
in Claremont, N. H., where he remained
tintU 1870, when he returned to Bradford.
Mr. McDuffee has always been a public-
spirited man, and greatly interested in any
thing which he thought was for the true in
terest of his town. He was one of the
organizers of the Bradford Savings Bank
and Trust Co., personaUy secured Us char
ter and for many years was one of the
directors. He was also influential in estab
lishing the Bradford Opinion and soon after
wards became the principal owner. He has
been for many years a trustee of Bradford
Acaderay. Mr. McDufifee is a raan of large
business experience and has traveled exten
sively. He was for some time engaged by a large
banking establishment of Boston to inspect
and to establish loan agencies throughout
the West and along the Pacific Coast.
He is a loyal Republican and is a man
who has the courage of his convictions. He

has held nearly all the important town
ofifices. He was elected as representative
from Bradford to the General Asserably of
1870 and 1871, being the first RepubUcan
representative ever elected in that town.
He was re-elected in 1872 receiving at this
time the largest Republican vote ever polled
in Bradford before or since. He was high
bailiff of Orange county for 1872 and 1873 ;
assistant U. S. Assessor from 1871 to the
time the ofifice was abolished, and was
elected state senator frora Orange county in
1884 serving at this time on the coraraittees
of finance, railroads and banks. He was
also for many years chairman of the Orange
county Republican coraraittee and in 1888
was one of the presidential electors.
He is a raember of Charity Lodge 43 and
Chapter of F. & A. M. of Bradford.
March 12, 1863, he married Laura Water
man of Lebanon, N. H., who died the fol
lowing September. He raarried his present
wife, Rosie M., daughter of Hon. Roswell
M. and Marinda (Nelson) BUl of Topshara,
June 8, 1869. They have one child : Ernest
BiU. McGETTRICK, FELIX WILLIAM, of St.
Albans, .son of Michael and Mary (O'Con-
neU) McGettrick, was born in Fairfield,
Nov. 20, 1847.

FELIX WILLIAM McGETTRICK.

The educational facilities which Mr. Mc
Gettrick enjoyed before the war were exceed
ingly liraited, as he lived nearly three railes
frora the nearest district schoolhouse, but

266

McLAM.

McLEAN.

after his return frora the battiefields, of Vir
ginia he took a partial course of study at the
New Hampton Institute at Fairfax, and then
placed hiraself as a private pupU under the
charge of Mr. C. J. Alger at Burhngton, in
whose ofifice he coraraenced the study of law,
which he afterward continued with the firra
of Edson & Rand at St. Albans.
In 1870 he corabined his legal studies
with the teacher's profession, but two years
later he began to practice at St. Albans.
He has been engaged in several iraportant
cases and ranks high as an able criminal
lawyer, and as an advocate he has no supe
rior in the state, possessing great command
of language, and is both forcible and elo
quent as a speaker.
Mr. McGettrick enUsted, when a lad of
sixteen, in Co. E, 2d Regt. U. S. Sharp
shooters, and in the winter of 1864 the com
mand were in camp around Brandy Station
and Culpepper, Va. He was present at the
batties of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania,
and in the latter engagement was seriously
wounded. He was discharged at the close
of the war.
He is actively interested in politics, being
a staunch supporter of the principles of the
Democratic party. He has been town grand
juror and member of the school board, as
weU as town agent for prosecuting and de
fending suits. He was sent as a delegate to
the Democratic national convention in 1880,
and seven years afterward was appointed
special inspector of customs. He was the
nominee of his party for Congress in 1892,
and the foUowing year received the appoint
raent of superintendent of construction of
the new United States custora house and
postofifice at St. Albans.
Mr. McGettrick was married, January,
1872, to EUzabeth, daughter of Thomas and
Mary (Burke) Morris of Fairfield. They
have three children : Edward Thoraas,
Charles Henry, and Mary Catherine.
McLAM, James R., of Topsham, son of
James and Agnes (Leech) McLara, was
born in Ryegate, Nov. 24, 1841. His parents
carae from Scotland to Caledonia county
about 1830, and Jaraes received a good prac
tical education in the schools of Ryegate,
supplemented by a course of instruction at
the Caledonia grammar school and at Mcln
does Acaderay. He remained with his father
upon the farra until he was twenty years of
age, when he went to Boston, Mass., and en
gaged in the business of trucking for three
years. After spending a year in Iowa, he returned
to Ryegate, and finally reraoved to Topshara,
where he engaged in general trade for four
years, and then parted with his interest in
the business to Mr. Stewart, who had been

connected with hira. For several years he
gave his attention to insurance, pensions and
town affairs. He then went back to his old
stand, and taking A. C. Wormwood, of Bos
ton, as a partner, they successfuUy conducted
the business tiU 1892, having a practical
monopoly of trade in the village, when Mr.
McLam sold out to Mr. Wormwood.
February i, 187 1, he married SusanJJ.,
daughter of Daniel and Jeanette (Cochrane)'
Worrawood, and of this union were issue:
Elraer D. (deceased), George L., Cora J.,
and Agnes M.

JAMES R. McLAM.

Though not a farmer, he has given'both
tirae and raoney to the estabhshment of a
co-operative creamery in East Topsham, and
is a director and secretary of the company.
MCLEAN, Albert, of Norton Mills, son
of John and Mary (Carieton) McLean, was
born in Alna, Me., August 31, 1849.
He received his education in the pubhc
schools of Alna and at Eastpitston (Me.)
Acaderay. His father was a farmer and merchant
and to these vocations he added a large ship
ping business, finding opportunity, neverthe
less, to discharge the duties of town clerk
for a period of fifty years. Albert remained
with him until his majority, in his extensive
operations, when he moved to Norton MiUs
and engaged as clerk for Wilmot Nelson,
reraaining about four years. Afterward he
went into partnership with Mr. Nelson as

MlM.ASTER.

McQUIVEY.

267

A. McLean & Co., and continued in trade
until the business was sold to A. M. Stetson
& Co., in 1889, when he' entered their em
ployraent as head clerk.
Mr. McLean is a Republican and a Free
Mason, having received his degrees in Island
Pond Lodge No. 44.
When the town was organized in 1885 he
was chosen town clerk and has served most
faithfully and acceptably ever since. He
also has made a raost efificient town treasurer
for five years. He is obUging and of sterl
ing moral worth.
He was wedded, in 1885, at Island Pond,
to Ella B., daughter of William and Margaret
Libby of East Machias, Me., and by her he
is the father of two children : John Walter,
and Cora Emma.
MCMASTER, WILLIAM D., of Wood
stock, son of John and Nancy (Burke) Mc
Master, was born in Ireland, Nov. 28, 1833,
and emigrated with his parents to Vermont
when a child.
His education was obtained in the pubUc
schools, and from the experience derived in
an apprenticeship served in a printing ofifice.

C. (Demary) Raymond. Two children were
the fruit of their union : Charles E., and
WiUiam R., both deceased.
Democratic in his poUtical faith, he has
served on state, county and town coraraittees,
was postmaster of Woodstock during Presi
dent Cleveland's first adrainistration, hold
ing the ofifice for four years and ten raonths,
and several times has iDeen the candidate of
his party for town representative. During
the period of the rebeUion of the slave states
his paper heartily endorsed and supported
aU measures leading to a vigorous prosecu
tion of the war.
MCQUIVEY, ALSON N., of Bread Loaf,
son of Nathaniel and Plraily E. (Dunham)
McQuivey, was born in Ripton, Feb. 3,
1851.

WILLIAM D. McMASTER.
Mr. McMaster has followed the vocation
of printer, editor and publisher. From Jan.
I, 1861, he has been the proprietor and pub-
hsher of the Spirit of the Age. He is now
the oldest journalist as regards continuous
service in the state.
Mr. McMaster was married July 10, 1867,
to Maria F.., daughter of Wilder and Eliza

ALSON N. McQUIVEY.

He passed through the common schools
of Ripton, the high school of Middlebury
and the Vermont Methodist Seminary at
Montpelier. After corapleting his educa
tional training he settled down as a farraer
near Bread Loaf Mountain, a noted suraraer
resort, where he has methodically and suc
cessfully pursued his business. He has
dealt somewhat extensively in real estate and
is rauch interested in breeding driving
horses. He was unUed in marriage at Middlebury,
Jan. 25, 1876, to Mary, daughter of Carlos
afld Marcia Hooker. Shortly after her
marriage she died and he then espoused
Florence A., daughter of WUliara N. and

268

MEAD.

Joanna B. (Fletcher) Cobb. Three chil
dren have been born to them : Agnes A.,
Gordon D., and Arthur.
Mr. McQuivey belongs to the dominant
party in the state and for six years has fiUed
the ofifices of superintendent of schools,
auditor, lister and selectman. He was
appointed census enumerator in 1890, ancl
two years afterwards was called upon to
represent the town of Ripton in the Legisla
ture, where his services were given to the
coraraittee on the library.
He belongs to the order of Odd Fellows,
and is specially attached to Lake Dunraore
Lodge, No. II. He forraerly affiliated with
the state Grange, and is at present a raem
ber of the Congregational church. Mr.
McQuivey is one of the leading men in the
town, and is prominently connected with all
affairs of social and political life.
MEAD, Elisha Ferguson, of starks
boro, son of WilUam and Mandana (Fergu
son) Mead, was born in Hinesburgh, June
25, 1824. His grandfather, Alpheus Mead,

ELISHA FERGUSON MEAD.

was born in Greenwich, Conn. He was a
soldier in the Revolutionary war, was cap
tured and confined in the old sugarhouse in
New York. He was one of the early settlers
of Hinesburgh, where he died in 1837. The
mother of the subject of this sketch was the
daughter of Elisha Ferguson, of Starksboro.
His grandmother on his mother's side was a
sister of EUjah Hedding, one of the early
bishops of the Methodist church.

Elisha Ferguson Mead was educated in the
common schools .and in the Hinesburgh
Academy. He studied law in the ofifice of
Hon. Asahel Peck, at BurUngton, and was
admitted to the bar of Chittenden county, in
1847. He practiced in Chittenden county
until 1855, when he raoved to Michigan,
where he opened an ofifice at Romeo, and
had a large practice in that and the sur
rounding counties, and in the United States
circuit and district courts. He was elected
to the Legislature of Michigan in 1866, and
served on the judiciary coramittee, was re
elected in 1868, and was appointed chairman
of that coraraittee, and filled the position
satisfactorily the next two years. He prac
ticed law in Michigan until 1874, when, he
retired frora professional life and has since
resided at Starksboro.
MEAD, John Abner, the subjectofthls
sketch, was born in Fairhaven, on the 20th
day of April, 1841. His ancestors were En
glish and the faraily was an ancient and hon
orable one. There is in Westrainster Abbey
a monuraent erected to the raemory of Rich
ard Mead, M. D., one of his ancestors, who
was the friend and physician of the talented
though not amiable George II, and of Queen
Anne. Col. Richard K. Mead, aid-de-camp
to General Washington frora 1777 to 1783,
attained the rank of colonel and rendered
valuable service throughout the war of the
Revolution. He was with the commander-in-
chief in aU his principal battles and person
ally superintended the execution of Major
Andre, a duty which he was accustomed to
say, he was not able to perform without shed
ding tears. The Rt. Rev. WilUam Mead,
Bishop of Virginia, was also of the same
family. Richard W. Mead, another ancestor,
born in Chester county, Pa., in June, 1778,
was said to be the first importer of Merino
sheep into the United States. The great-
great-grandfather of the present sketch, Col.
James Mead, was the first white settler in
Rutland and in the valley of the Otter creek,
and was a descendant frora one of the two
farailies of Meads who emigrated from En
gland about 1642. He was born at Horse-
neck, N. Y., August 25, 1730, and married
Mercy Holmes of the same place. Having
purchased seven thousand acres of land at
six cents an acre, situated on either side of
Otter creek and near the falls at Center Rut
land, Colonel Mead left Manchester, Vt., on
the raorning of the 28th of September, 1769.
with his wife and eleven children and a son-
in-law, and starting out into the unbroken
wilderness, arriving at Central FaUs on the
evening of the 30th, having been en route
three days and two nights. An extract from
the inaugural address of Mayor Mead on the
organization of the city government graphi-

2-JO

MEAD.

MEAD.

¦tally describes the experiences of the first
settler : "Go back with rae for a raoraent
for one hundred and twenty-four years, and
picture, if you will, that raan, the first settler,
with his wife and eleven children ; one pair
of oxen with the old-style sledge piled high
with aU their earthly belongings ; the mother
and girls riding alternately upon two smaU
horses ; the father and boys in turn driving
the oxen, and closely behind, their two cows.
At Manchester, Vt., they leave all roads and
strike out into the unbroken forest; they
push their way, slowly but surely, along the
sides of the mountains. There are no settlers
along their route to point the way or shelter
them by night. They move along that rocky
crest and after three days and two nights,
they arrived at their destination, the Central
Falls, as they were known upon the old
survey, viz., the falls at Center Rutland.
They stopped the first night near the present
village of Dorset, the second night near that
of Danby ; they passed through Tinmouth,
West Clarendon, and finaUy arrived at the
horae of the Caugnawaga. One of the chiefs
met him at the door of his wigwam, talked for a
few rainutes in an unknown tongue to his
squaw, and papooses and other Indians, and
then throwing his hands high in the air and
wide apart, he exclairaed in EngUsh, 'Wel
come, Welcome !' The father allowed the
cattle to feed upon the leaves in the under
brush near by, the boys arranged to sleep
near the sled, while the mother and girls,
kneehng in a circle, utter their feeble prayers
in the Indian wigwam, thirty miles from the
nearest white settler. If sickness threatens
the parents or their children, there are no
neighbors to help and to sympathize, there
is no physician to consult or reheve their
anguish, and should death overtake thera in
this wilderness, the parents must hew from
the trees of the forest the coffin for the loved
one, and bury their dead alone in the lonely
wilderness ; there are no friends, no bearers,
no chapel, no church, and no pastor to soothe
and minister and to ask divine sustenance in
this hour of anguish ; there are no stores, no
shops, no miUs of any kind, no fields of grass
or grain, no roads or paths, except an occa
sional Indian trail."
At the organization of the town govern
ment on the 2d Tuesday of October, 1770,
CoL James Mead was made the first raodera
tor, first selectman and first town representa
tive of Rutland, and the old farm cleared by
Colonel Mead stiU remains in the Mead
family, having been deeded frora father to
son for one hundred and twenty-five years,
the original purchase having been from the
Caugnawaga Indians.
Abner, son of Col. Jaraes Mead, was great
grandfather of Mayor Mead, frora whom he
derived a portion of his name. He married

Ameha, daughter of Rev. Benjamin Roots
the first clergyman in Rutland. John A. was
the only child of Roswell R. and Lydia A.
(Gorham) Mead. His father was a success
ful farraer and merchant in West Rutland till
his death in 1875. His raother died when
he was but six months old. Her father served
in the war of 181 2, and so raaternal and pa
ternal ancestors give hira a loyal claim on
the country. John A. Mead was educated
in the coraraon schools of West Rutland
and at F'ranklin Acaderay, Malone, N. Y.
graduating from Middlebury College in 1864,
and in 1868 received his diploma of M. D.
frora the College of Physicians and. Surgeons
in NewYork City. He iraraediately accepted
a position as house physician in the Kings
County Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y., remaining
there until Deceraber, 1870, when he removed
to Rutland, where he successfully practiced till
1888. At this tirae he was tendered a "chair"
in the raedical departraent of the University
of Verraont and for sorae time he hesitated
as to whether he should or not continue in
his chosen profession, but he finally and re
luctantly retired from professional pursuits in
order to give his whole attention to his ex
tensive business interests. During his career
in medicine he was appointed surgeon-gen
eral of the state on the staff of Gov. Redfield
Proctor, was medical superintendent of the
house of correction from the time it was es
tabUshed tiU he gave up his profession, wasa
member of the pension examining board for
eight years, and was appointed surgeon-gen
eral of the Verraont state encampment ofthe
G. A. R. in 1890.
Dr. Mead is now one of the largest real
estate owners in Rutiand, was director and
cashier of the old National Bank of Rutland
for several years, was treasurer of the Rut
land R. R. and director and treasurer of the
Addison R. R. for nearly five years, director
of the Clement National Bank since it was
organized, vice-president of the State Trust
Co. since its organization, and continued as
such tiU he was elected its president.
He is president of the New England Fire
Insurance Co., of the P. E. Chase Mfg. Co.,
and the Rutland board of trustees, and
trustee of Middlebury College of Middle
bury. In 1888 he reorganized the Howe
Scale Co., and is now president and execu
tive officer of that corporation. The history
of this corportion had been unfortunate since
its first organization in 1857, but in his new
sphere Dr. Mead proved more successful
than ever before, as the wonderful growth
of this corapany fully testifies. Within five
years under his adrainistration he made this
corapany second to none other manufactur
ing a weighing machine. In addition to
the production of the renowned Howe
scales, he added the truck department, and

MEAD.
in two years they developed over a thousand
varieties, and manufactured more trucks
than any other company in America. Letter
presses were added, and soon a large busi
ness in this hne was established. A full line
of lifting jacks was also added to their out
put, increasing their sales largely. In 1893
he contracted for the sole manufacture of
the Cyclone coffee mills, forraerly made in
Portland, Me., and aU the patterns have been
removed to Rutland and become a part of
the business of the Howe Scale Co. The
Harrison Conveyor Co. was also added to
the manufactured products of this company,
and today they are melting more iron than
any concern in the state, and are producing
raore scales than any corporation in the
¦world. In the adrainistration of the financial and
a supervision of the raechanical affairs of
this corapany. Dr. Mead has exhibited rare
executive a'bihty. His watchful care of
every detail, and his judgraent of huraan
nature, enabling him to select corapetent
assistants in the varied departraents, and
his untiring perseverance have contributed
largely to the reraarkable success of this in
dustry. He has always shown a kindly interest in
the welfare of his employes, and of the
workingraen, and has never hesitated to
champion their cause whenever their de
mands were reasonable and in his judgment
just, and they in turn evinced their apprecia
tion of his efforts in electing hira to the
state Senate in 1892 by a large raajority, and
again in 1893 by raaking him the first mayor
of the city of Rutland by over three-fourths
of the total vote cast for the candidates for
this ofifice.
Dr. Mead is most emphatically one of that
large class of New Englanders who are the
sole architects of their reputations and for
tunes, having acquired his academic educa
tion by his own efforts in the school room
and on the farm. He left his studies for a
year to acquire means to begin the study of
his profession, and on his receiving his
diploraa in raedicine, he found himself a
debtor to quite an extent, and, in short, on
leaving the hospital and starting in private
practice in Rutland, it was an absolute ne
cessity that financial success should attend
his first efforts, or he could have raaintained
himself but a few weeks.
Impelled by patriotic duty. Dr. Mead
enUsted in Co. K, 12th -Vt. Vol. Regt., serv
ing in the campaign of 1862 and 1863, and
returning to college he graduated with his
class in 1864. He is a meraber of Roberts
Post, G. A. R., and has always felt a warm
interest in matters pertaining to the "Boys
in Blue." He was a member of the staff of
General Alger and of General Veazey when

MEAD.

271

they were commanders-in-chief of the Grand
Army. Dr. Mead is a staunch adherent of the
Republican party, and as state senator was
chairman of the committees on claims, and
of the World's Fair, also a meraber of the
committees on raanufactures and banks. He
is a meraber of the Congregational church,
and for raany years has been one of the ex
ecutive committee, and is vice-president of
the Congregational Club of AVestern Ver
mont. He was united in marriage, Oct. 30, 1872,
to Mary M., daughter of Hon. WiUiam N.
Sherman, a prominent citizen of Greenwich,
R. I. Dr. and Mrs. Mead bave one child,
a daughter : Mary Sherman.
MEAD, John B., late of Randolph, was
born in Stratham, N. H., March 15, 1831.
In 1841 he came to Randolph and lived
with Dr. and Mrs. P. D. Blodgett, who were
childless.

JOHN B. MEAD.

His education was obtained in the district
school and in the Orange county grammar
school, and was supplemented by discipline
obtained by teaching school both in Ver
raont and New Jersey.
The first year of the rebellion found hira,
at the age of thirty, settled with wife and
two young chUdren on what had been the
Dr. Blodgett farra, just south of Randolph
Center, where Mrs. Blodgett stiU lived, receiv
ing love and care from him in his raanhood

272

MEAD.

MEAD.

as he had received them from her in his
boyhood. Late in 1861 he enlisted, raaking
such arrangements as he could for the well-
being of the faraily left behind him.
Colonel Mead's railitary service, and that of
no soldier was more honorable, was in the
8th Vermont Regiraent, where he held every
commission from 2d lieutenant to colonel,
¦His record is this : 2d lieutenant Co. G.
Jan. 7, 1862 ; ist lieutenant Co. G, AprU 2,
1863 ; captain Co. G, May 5, 1863 ; major,
July 26, 1864; lieutenant-colonel, Nov. 24,
1864 ; colonel; March 4, 1865 ; taken pris
oner at Bayou des AUeraands, Sept. 4, 1862 ;
wounded Oct. 19, 1864, at the batde of
Cedar Creek ; raustered out June 28, 1865.
At the close of the war Colonel Mead re
turned to the farm, and was in 1867 and
1868 elected to represent Randolph. In
1878 hewas a senator frora Orange county.
In 1875 he was a meraber of the State Board
of Agriculture, and from 1878 to t88o was
state superintendent of agriculture. In
1884 and 1885 he was coraraissioner from
Verraont to the New Orleans Exposition,
and in 1886 was the coraraissioner from
New England to the New Orleans Exposi
tion of that year, and was a meraber of its
board of management.
He was a practical farmer on raodern
lines, and was an importer and breeder of
red-polled cattle, and in 1883 spent some
time in England selecting stock for impor
tation. Colonel Mead was frora young raanhood
an active raeraber of the Congregationalist
church, and for raany years a deacon there
in. He was an earnest advocate of tem
perance and held the highest ofificial posi
tions in the organization of Good Templars.
Full of zeal in all educational matters he
was for raany years a raeraber of the board
of trustees of the Randolph State Normal
School and secretary of the board, and with
public spirit invested thousands of dollars in
erecting a large boarding house, which he
and others thought necessary for the better
condition of the school.
He was engaged at the last in an enter
prise looking to the settlement by Ver
monters of a large tract of land in North
Dakota. Colonel Mead died suddenly at his horae
in Randolph, Dec. 16, 1887 — his death
doubtless hastened, and it is believed, caused
by the lingering effects of his years of raili
tary service.
He raarried in May, 1858, at Randolph,
Orpha O., daughter of Elias and Orinda
(Blodgett) Carpenter. Their children were ;
Charles C., born in 1859 ; John F., born
August 16, 1861; Nellie O. (Mrs. W. F.
Morse of Barre), born in 1864; Myra B.,
born in 1866 and died in 1879, and Orinda

C, born in 1868 and died in 1885. Mrs.
Mead died May 6, 1877. In August, 1880,'
Colonel Mead raarried Laura C, daughter
of Hiram and Jerusha (Bradish) Kimball.
Mrs. Mead and their daughter, Annie K.
born in 1882, now reside in West Randolph.
Colonel Mead was of commanding pres
ence and soldierly bearing — earnest, elo
quent, and brave physically, intellectually
and morally. He was a real and, so far as
in man lies, the ideal Christian citizen and
soldier. MEAD, JOHN F., of Randolph, son of
John B. and Orpha O. (Carpenter) Mead,
was born in Randolph, August 16, 1861.

JOHN F. MEAD.

His education was received at the Ran
dolph Normal School and St. Johnsbury
Academy, and during his earlier life he
reraained with his father on the farm, acting
as his foreraan during his frequent absences.
He now owns the horaestead at Randolph
and a large cattle ranch in North Dakota,
the latter property jointly with his brother
now located in that state. He is engaged
in dairying and horse breeding, and has the
character of an enterprising, industrious and
successful farraer. He held the appoint
ment of assistant commissioner of Vermont
at the International Exhibition at New
Orieans in 1885, and in 1886 was superin
tendent of the second division of the first
Minneapolis Exposition. He has traveled
in every state but one this side of the

MEECH.

MELENDY.

273

Mississippi, and for a man of his age pos
sesses wide knowledge of raen and afifairs.
He is one of the trustees of the Randolph
Normal School, has held town ofifices, and
in 1892 was representative from Randolph
and served on the committees on education
and the Worid's Fair.
MEECH, Leonard E., of East Monk-
ton, son of Henry B. and Jane E. (Burritt)
Meech, was born in Hinesburgh, Oct. 27,
1844.

LEONARD E, MEECH.

His education was principally received at
the academy of Hinesburgh, but he supple
mented his school instruction by a long
course of judicious reading and horae study.
He served in the civil war in Co. G, 14th
Regt. Vt. Vols., in which command he was
proraoted to the grade of corporal and a
little later was compelled to accept his dis
charge on account of disability.
He has always foUowed the occupation of
a general farmer, especially devoting his at
tention to the breeding of Jersey cows, and
horses of a high class.
Well informed in political aff'airs he has
been chosen to nearly all the ofificial posi
tions in his town, and in 1884 represented
Monkton in the state Legislature where he
gave his services to the committee on the
state's prison.
Mr. Meech was married in Monkton, July
3, 1865, to Edna S., daughter of Daniel S.
and Frances M. (Deming) Ladd. Frora

this union were four children, only one of
whom, Daniel, survives.
He is aUied with the Masonic fraternity,
and for twelve years has been a meraber of
the Methodist Episcopal church in which
he has served for sorae tirae as steward.
Sincere and unassuraing, his straightforward
and honorable dealings have won for hira a
nuraerous body of warra friends in his cora
raunity. MELENDY, JONATHAN WASHBURN, of
South Londonderry, son of Emery and
Jerusha (Pierce) Melendy, was born in Lon
donderry, Nov. 18, 1845.
His education was derived from the cora
raon schools and the West River and Saxton's
River academies, and after its completion he
engaged with his father in the trade of a
blacksmith, which he had learned during his
boyhood. Later he devoted his attention to
agriculture, and in conjunction with his
brother has operated the home farra to the
present tirae.

JONATHAN WASHBURN MELENDY.
He was twice elected first constable and
collector, and was selectman of the town for
nine years, during six of which he served as
chairman of the board. In 1879 he was
made town railroad coraraissioner and was
instrumental in the building of the B. & W.
R. R. In 1 8 71 he was appointed deputy
sheriff, which position he held by successive
appointments until 1878, when he was
elected sheriff of Windham county, dis-

2 74

MERRIFIELD.

MILES.

charging the duties of that ofifice for six
years, and was afterward appointed by his
successor as a deputy, which position he stiU
retains. In 1890 he was elected a state sen
ator from Windham county, and served on
the committee on claims, and was chairman
of that on fish and game.
He is a raeraber of Anchor Lodge, No.
99, F. & A. M., of South Londonderry, in
which he has fiUed the Master's chair, and
of Adoniram Chapter, No. 15, of Manchester.
Since the construction of the B. & W. R.
R. Mr. Melendy has been a director of the
corporation. Since 1880 he has been en
gaged with his brother in the undertaking
business at South Londonderry.
Mr. Melendy has been a pubhc-spirited
man and prorainent in aU moveraents for the
benefit of his town and coraraunity.
He was married, Nov. 26, 1868, to Carrie
L., daughter of Hon. David and Lydia
(Dudley) Arnold of Londonderry. Of this
union is one child . Eraery A.
MERRIFIELD, JOHN HASTINGS, of
WiUiarasville, son of John A. and Louisa W.
(Williaras) Merrifield, was born in Newfane,
June 12, 1847.
He received his early education in the
coraraon schools and the Springfield Wes
leyan Serainary.
Working on his grandfather's farra, and
finally conducting the same, he coraraenced
his business career by the purchase of a gen
eral merchandise store, which he carried on
till 1 88 1. The following year he went to
Dakota and for four years was connected
with the Vermont Loan and Trust Co., when
he returned to WilliamsviUe, and since 1887
has been acting station agent of the B. & W.
R. R.
Mr. Merrifield was married, Feb. 24, 1886,
to Miss Ella R., daughter of Asa and Polly
M. (Morse) Stratton, of Newfane.
He has discharged the duties of Uster,
selectman, and superintendent of schools in
his native town, which he represented in the
Legislatures of 1878 and 1880. In 1874 and
1876 he was engrossing clerk of the Legisla-
lature, second assistant clerk of the House in
1882 and 1888, first assistant clerk in 1890,
and clerk in 1892.
MILES, LORENZO Dow, of Newport,
son of Orrin and Eunice (Clark) Miles, was
born in the town of St. Johnsbury, Sept. 26,

He received his preparatory education in
the schools and academy of Johnson, and
was contemplating a college course, which
design he was unable to carry out on ac
count of the bursting of the war cloud in
1861. He enlisted in Co. E, 3d Vt Regt,
whUe yet a schoolboy, but was detached on
special service with Battery F, sth U. S.

regulars, with which organization he re
raained till early in the winter of 1863, when
he returned to his regiment, with which he
served till he was honorably discharged at
Buriington, July 27, 1864. He participated
in all the battles in which the Sixth Army
Corps were engaged, except the seven days'
fight in front of the rebel capital, including
Lee's Mills, Antietam, both engagements at
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg,
Wilderness, Petersburg, Welden Station, Cold
Harbor and Fort Stevens. In all these
bloody struggles he escaped unscathed, nor
was he ever captured by the enemy, but did
his duty every day during the three years of
his service except a period of three months,
which he spent in the hospital, sick with
typhoid fever. At the expiration of the war
Mr. MUes came to Albany, where he settied
down as a farraer.

LORENZO DOW MILES.

March 14, 1865, he was united to Harriet
E., daughter of Eben K. and Jennett (Gregg)
Lord ; they have three children : Carrie E.,
Eddie F., and Frank E.
In 1874 Mr. MUes was appointed deputy
sheriff" and successively re-elected until he
was made sheriff" ten years later. Since the
fall of 1878 he has resided in Crafts
bury, Barton, Irasburg and Newport, hut
finally made his place of abode in Al
bany. He has been concerned in the arrest
of many prominent criminals and was active
ly employed in search of the murderer
Almy.

MILES.
Republican since the formation of the
party. He is a member of Baxter Post, G.
A. R., of the K. of P., and in the Masonic
order is a raember of the K. T. He is liberal
in his religious preferences.
MILES, Willard Wesbery, of Barton,
son of Orin and Eunice (Clark) Miles, was
born in Albany, Feb. 6, 1845. His ances
tors were among the early settlers of this
country and his father's and raother's grand-
iathers were Revolutionary soldiers and set
tled in Vermont at the close of the Revolu
tionary war.
Mr. Miles, after a course in the public
¦schools in Albany, fitted for college at the
Barnston and Hatley academies in the Prov
ince of Quebec, at the time intending to
complete his education at college ; but being
compeUed to rely upon his own resources
and financial means, consisting principally
of good health, a robust constitution and

MILLER.

275

WILLARD WESBERY MILES.
freedom frora expensive habits, he finally
decided to abandon his purpose to take a
.college course, and devote the tirae necessary
to coraplete that course, to the study of law.
Previous to entering an ofifice, he took pri
vate lessons in Greek and Latin of Rev. S.
K. B. Perkins. For sorae tirae he taught in
the common schools in Albany and vicinity
and two terras in each of the acaderaies of
Albany and Craftsbury, eraploying his leisure
time in reading law. In 1866, he entered
the office of Charles I. Vail, Esq., then of

Irasburgh, where he remained for two years.
He then went to Ann Arbor, Mich., for the
purpose of entering the law school at that
place, but on account of iU-health he was
compelled to return to Verraont, and in the
faU of 187 1, entered the ofifice of Hon.
WiUiam W. Grout at Barton, where he re
mained until the Septeraber terra of Orleans
county court, 1872, at which time hewas ad
mitted to the bar and was appointed master
in chancery.
He coraraenced the practice of law at
South Albany, where he reraained tiU June,
1873, when he reraoved to North Craftsbury,
and there opened a law ofifice. He prac
ticed law at this place until AprU, 1881,
when he removed to Barton, and formed a
copartnership with Gen. WiUiam W. Grout,
under the name of Grout & Miles. That
firm did a large and remunerative business
during its continuance, and was engaged in
many of the iraportant suits in that part of
the state. In 1888, on account of congres
sional duties. General Grout withdrew frora
the firra, since which time Mr. MUes has
conducted that business alone at Barton,
where he is now located. Since the dissolu
tion of the firm of Grout & Miles, he has
retained and continues to hold the clientage
of that firm.
Mr. Miles is a strong Repubhcan and has
ever felt a deep interest in the prosperity of
the Republican party. He has been entrust
ed with ofificial positions both in Albany
and Craftsbury, holding the ofifice of town
clerk in the latter naraed town for several
years and until his removal to Barton. In
1872, he was sent to the Legislature to rep
resent the town of Albany, serving on the
committee on elections, and in 1878 he rep
resented the town of Craftsbury, serving on
the judiciary coramittee of which Judge
Poland was chairraan. In 1 890 he was elect
ed state's attorney for the county of Orleans,
which ofifice he still holds.
He is a raeraber of Meridian Sun Lodge
of F. & A. M., No. 20. In his religious be
lief, he is Congregationalist and a raeraber
of the Congregational church at Barton.
Septeraber 29, 1872, he married Ellen M.,
daughter of Luther and Lavinia (Dewey)
Dow of Albany. They had three children :
Ida M., Mabel A., and Orin L. (deceased).
MILLER, Crosby, of Pomfret, son of
John and Hannah (Crosby) Miller, was born
in Pomfret, June 6, 181 1.
Educated in the coramon schools and
afterwards at Chester Academy, he has
devoted the principal energies of a long life
to farming, but has found opportunities to
discharge many other duties which have de-
devolved upon him in consequence of the
high reputation for integrity and ability

276

MILLER.

MILLER.

which he has always raaintained in the cora
raunity. In politics he was a whig until the Repub
hcan party was forraed, since which he has
steadfastly adhered to its principles. For
several years postmaster, and having held
most of the town ofifices, including treasurer
for thirty years, he was sent to the state Sen
ate in 1 85 1 and 1852, and for four terras was
the representative frora Porafret, commenc
ing that service in i860. He has been
county commissioner and United States as
sistant assessor, and was made assistant
judge of the county court in 1872, which
ofifice he held for ten years. The hmits of

CROSBY MILLER.
this article are hardly sufificient to enumerate
a tithe of the trusts which have devolved
upon hira. As a farraer. Judge Miller was
president of the Windsor County Agricul
tural Society, and a director and vice-presi
dent of the State Agricultural Society, a
director of the Champlain Valley and Con
necticut River societies, while as a financier
he has held for seventeen years the position
of director of the Royalton National Bank,
and that of its president for ten years, and
vice-president of the Otter Queche Savings
Bank. For a long time past he has been a
trustee of the U. V. M. and State Agriculural
College, and a meraber of the board of con
trol of the experiment station since its
establishment. Judge Miller's wisdora as to
what is best to be done and how to do it is
the reason of his having been caUed to so
raany and iraportant duties.

Judge Miller raarried, AprU 5, 1835, in
Pomfret, Orpha, daughter of Joseph Denni
son and Rebecca (Miller) Hewitt. Their
five children were : Melvin, Ellen Matilda
(Mrs. A. B. Chandler), IsabeUa (deceased),
Crosby Park, and Emma Lucy (Mrs. H. h!
Mclntyre). MILLER, JOSEPH, of East Dummerston,
son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Wilson) Miller
was born in Dumraerston March 3, 1817.
His great-grandfather, Capt. Isaac Miller
who surveyed the township of Dummerston
in 1767, gave in 1775 the land, which was
lot No. 37, containing one hundred acres, to
his eldest son, Capt. Vespasian Miller. Ves
pasian had been a soldier in the old French
war in 1759, afterward followed the sea until
1775 when he carae to Duramerston and in
1778 raoved his faraily to this town.
Mr. Joseph MiUer received a somewhat
limited education in the public schools, but
availed himself of his opportunities so profit
ably that for five winters he was an instructor
in the village schools and was made town
superintendent in 1857. The business of his

JOSEPH MILLER.

life has been the tillage of the soil, and his
intelligent and industrious efforts have been
rewarded with merited success. His farm is
pleasantly situated in the eastern part of the
town and produces exceUent crops. He has
a large orchard frora which he manufactures
the best quaUty of maple sugar. Some
friends of Grover Cleveland during his first

MILLER.
terra as President bought a box of this pro
duct and sent it to him, and to be strictly
impartial a sirailar purchase was made and
sent to President Benjamin Harrison. His
sugar was especially noticed by the French
commissioners at the Centennial in Philadel
phia in 1876, and received an award at the
Columbian Exposition in 1893.
Mr. Miller's political life began at the age
of thirty-two, when he was chosen town
clerk, and having held the ofifice for forty-
four years, he was re-elected at the last March
meeting. From 1850 until 1884 he dis
charged the responsible duties of a justice
of the peace, and has represented his town
in the state Legislature for two successive
terms (in 1862 and 1863). Soon after the
war he was chosen town treasurer, holding
that ofifice at the present tirae, and was made
census enumerator of the United States for
the township of Dumraerston in 1880. His
long experience in pubhc business makes
him a valuable officer and reliable legal
counseUor in raatters pertaining to town af
fairs. His assistance and advice are often
sought in raaking wills and the settleraent of
estates. He is an excellent penman, and the
town records kept by him can be as easily
read as typewriting.
Mr. Miller was first united in marriage,
March 3, 1 841, to EUza A., daughter of Isaac
and AbigaU (McWayne) Reed, who died
Nov. 26, 1843. His second wife was Sophia,
daughter of WiUiam and Polly (Frost) Arms,
whora he espoused Dec. 25, 1844. She de
ceased July 26, 1883. Of this marriage there
are three children now living : J. Arms, Adin
F., and Ansel Irwin.
MILLER, JOSEPH Arms, of East Dum
merston, son of Joseph and Sophia (Arras)
MiUer, was born in Duraraerston, August 22,
1847. Mr. Miller was born and bred upon a
farm, and in the intervals of hard and unre
mitting labor availed himself of such educa
tional advantages as were afforded by the
district schools of Dumraerston. He has
always followed the occupation in which he
was brought up, and the instruction of his
youth, added to the experience of riper
years, has brought hira a well-earned cora
petency, derived from comraendable care,
industry and punctuality.
For four successive years he was chosen to
perform the duties of first selectraan, and
refused at the beginning of the fourth year
to longer hold the office. He was consid
ered a fitting individual to represent Dum
merston in the Legislature of 1890, and
¦several tiraes has been selected to minor
ofifices in that town.
Mr. Miller was married, Jan. 10, 1871, to
.Sarah M., daughter of Thoraas L. and Maria

MILLER.

277

(Rarasdell) Read.
issue of this union

Ten children have been
: WilUe A., Addie S., J.

JOSEPH ARMS MILLER.

Warren, Arthur L., Avery E., Earnest G.,
Florence E., Dwight R., R. Irving, and
Floyd S.
MILLER, Harris M., of West Fairlee,
son of Madison M. and Sarah E. (Vesper)
MiUer, was born in West Fairlee, May 24,
1852. 'He was brought up on the farra of his
father, who, in addition to cultivating his
property, bred and extensively dealt in
horses. The son received his educational
training in the coraraon schools of the town
and at Thetford Academy. When he arrived
at his raajority, Mr. MUler resolved to see a
little of the outside world and consequently
made a tour of observation through the
Northwest, visiting Iowa, Minnesota and
Dakota. This trip occupied two years, and
on his return he determined to engage in
business as a butcher and on account of the
growth of population frora the working of
the Ely copper mines he soon enjoyed a
trade of ^20,000 per annum. At this tirae
he purchased the property where he now
resides and he has erected thereon a cora-
raodious and elegant raansion.
Mr. MiUer was united, Nov. 16, 1878, to
Katie A., daughter of A. J. and Mary (Piper)
Abbott of Medford, Minn. They have one
son : Llewellyn M.
He is a member of Jackson Lodge, No.
60, F. & A. M., in which he took his degrees

278

MILLER.

MILLER.

when he was twenty-one years of age, has
filled all the chairs and is its present Wor
shipful Master.
Mr. Miller is an active and influential
Democrat and has repeatedly served his
party as chairraan of the county convention
and upon the county coramittee. After
serving as lister, selectraan and constable
he was elected the representative frora
West Fairlee in 1890 and coraphraented by

of what energy and industry can effect on a
Green Mountain farm, for he has paid off an
encumbrance of $7,000, iraproved his prop
erty, and retired to enjoy his latter days in
peace and dignity in Shelburne village, sell
ing at a profitable advance his estate, which
at tiraes has produced thirteen hundred bar
rels of apples annually.
Mr. Miller was marled, Feb. 8, 1844, to.
Ann Maria, daughter of Asahel and Frelove-
(Irish) Ballard, of Lawrence, N. Y.
He was brought up a Deraocrat of the
Jackson school, but, when the Kansas agita
tion occurred, becarae a Free Soiler, and
finally a Republican, to which party he has
steadfastly adhered and given a hearty sup
port. He has been entrusted with many
town ofifices, is now town clerk and justice of
the peace, and was sent to the lower branch
of the Legislature in 1890, where he served
with credit on the coramittee on elections.

HARRIS M. MILLER.

a re-election in 1892. For six years he
actively and vigorously discharged the duties
of deputy sherifif, proving himself to be a
most able and efificient executive ofificer.
For a raan of his age he is widely known
and deservedly popular in his town and
county. MILLER, Norris Robinson, of Sheb
burne, son of Caleb and Polly (Naramore)
Miller, was born in Charlotte, Jan. 23, 1822.
He is of mixed lineage, for his grandfather,
an old Revolutionary veteran, was a Scotch
man, while his mother was of Dutch descent.
The former was an early settier of Char
lotte, where Norris enjoyed the limited edu
cational resources of the comraon schools,
and was a tiUer of the soil until he was of
age, when he relinquished agriculture in part
for the calUng of a carpenter. He continued
working at his trade in Lawrence, N. Y^, tiU
1868, when he purchased a fruit farm in
Shelburne and comraenced to raise fruit for
the Boston raarket. He is a raarked proof

NORRIS ROBINSON MILLER.
Mr. MiUer becarae a raember of the Meth
odist Episcopal church in 1839, and has
been honored with raany of the official
positions which a layman can hold in that
church. He has also been a member of the
Patrons of Husbandry.
MILLER, Adin Franklin, of East
Duramerston, son of Joseph and Sophia
(Arras) MUler, was born in Dummerston,
July 16, 1850.
Born and bred on a farra, he commenced
his education by attendance in the common

MORRILL.

279

schools and then pursued a course of in
struction at Power's Institute of Bernards-
ton, Mass.
He has been all his life a farmer, devoting
his entire effort to this honorable calling,
reaping where he has sown and winning a
comfortable and well earned subsistence
frora the soU.

ADIN FRANKLIN MILLER.

Mr. MiUer has been called upon to serve
in many ofifices in his native town. For
nearly ten years he has been constable and
collector and represented Dumraerston in
the General Asserably of the state of Ver
raont in 1888.
He was united in marriage, Dec. 31, 1874,
to Hattie Alice, daughter of Deacon Adin A.
and Fannie (Kathan) Dutton.
MORRILL, Justin Smith, of Strafford,
son of Nathaniel and Mary (Hunt) MorriU,
was born at Strafford, April 14, 18 10, and
now resides there.
He received his early education in the
public schools of his native town and at
Thetford and Randolph acaderaies, begin
ning business life at the age of fifteen, enter
ing a local store as a clerk, afterward going,
in 1828, to Portland, Maine, where he also
was eraployed as a clerk with a raerchant en
gaged in the West India shipping trade and
then with a wholesale and retail dry goods
estabUshment. In 1831 he returned to Straf
ford, and became the partner of the late
Judge Jedediah Harris, the leading merchant
in Strafford, but this business connection was

terrainated by the death of Judge Harris, in
1855. For raany years he was one of the
directors of the Orange County Bank, of
Chelsea. Mr. MorriU ceased to give his per
sonal attention to mercantile business in 1848,
and devoted hiraself chiefly to agricultural
and horticultural pursuits.
Frora his boyhood Mr. MorriU had given
his unoccupied working hours to careful and
diUgent perusal of standard and classical
authors and while a clerk had read such works
as "Blackstone's Coraraentaries." He was
thus storing a retentive raeraory with facts
and fitting hiraself consciously or uncon
sciously for public life and national usefulness.
Until he was forty-four years old, however, he
had neither sought nor held any office higher
than that of a justice of the peace, although
in the circle of his numerous acquaintances
he had become known as a man of rauch
more than ordinary intellectual ability, of
remarkable balance of judgment, of raarked
business capacity, of uniforra courtesy, and
of pleasing personal address. Suddenly he
stepped to the front. In 1854, the late
Andrew Tracy, of Woodstock, representative
of the second congressional district in Con
gress, after a single terra declined to be a
candidate for re-election. Mr. MorriU was
suggested by sorae discerning friends as a fit
man to succeed him. The suggestion found
favor, and he received the noraination of
the whig party convention of the district. It
was a notable corapliment to be paid to a
quiet and studious man, who had never
even represented his town in the Leg
islature. Mr. Morrill was elected by a smaU
majority, as there were then three political
parties in the state, and took his seat in the
Thirty-fourth Congress, on the 3d of Decem
ber, 1855. He had been elected as an anti-
slavery whig, but the whig party was then in
the throes of dissolution, and when he ap
peared in Washington it was as a representa
tive of the new Republican party, in the
organization of which in Verraont he had
taken part, and of whose principles he be
carae the earnest advocate. He soon raade
his raark as an inteUigent legislator. He
opposed the tariff of 1857 in a speech which
attracted wide attention. He carried through
the House the first biU against Morraon
polygamy. Conscious that a coUege educa
tion would have been of great value to him
self in pubUc life, he resolved to do what he
could through national legislation to promote
liberal and scientific education for the youth
of the land. He introduced the first biU to
grant public lands for agricultural, scientific
and industrial coUeges, and advocated it in
an able speech. It was vetoed by President
Buchanan, but was again introduced by Mr.
Morrill in 1862, and through his able man
agement became a law. Under this act forty-

1

h

%,^MA^sj%'^%^i4>^

MORRILL.

MORSE.

281

^even or more land-grant coUeges have been
successfully estabUshed in various states, with
five hundred professors and over five thous
and students. The national bounty has
caUed out state aid in large amounts and the
act supplemented by the recent act (also
carried through by Mr. Morrill) increasing
the fund at the disposal of these institutions,
has given an immense impulse to liberal,
scientific and industrial education, and will
confer incalculable benefits upon the rising
generations of our land. Mr. Morrill was five
times re-elected to the House by majorities
ranging frora seven thousand to nine thous
and, and grew steadily in standing and influ
ence in the lower branch of Congress till, in
the Thirty-ninth Congress he held the leading
position of chairman of the committee of
ways and means ; and it was said of him, with
truth, that his influence in the House was
greater than that of any other member with
the exception of Thaddeus Stevens. Among
the important speeches made by hira during
the critical period before the civil war was
one in support of a report, also made by him,
in opposition to the adraission of Kansas
with a pro-slavery constitution. During the
war he had charge of all tariff and tax bills in
the House of Representatives — a herculean
task — and raade arguments thereon, and the
¦"MorriU tariff" of 186 1, a monument of indus
try and practical wisdom, and the internal
revenue tax system of 1862 connect his narae
indissolubly with the financial history of the
tirae. In 1866, after twelve years of honorable
service in the House, Mr. Morrill was trans
ferred by the Legislature to the U. S. Senate.
He took his seat with an established national
reputation as a statesman. Subsequently as
chairman of the coraraittee on finance in the
Senate, he held a most important position
of power and influence, and his service as
chairraan of the committee of public build
ings and grounds, and as a raeraber of the
coraraittee on education and labor, has
been of the most laborious and useful char
acter. He is authority in Washington on
questions relating to finance and taxation,
and his opinion on any subject carries rauch
weight in Congress. Mr. MorriU's period of
service in the national Legislature is as re
markable for its duration as it is distin
guished for its usefulness. His fifth election
to the Senate, at the age of four score, was
an event without a precedent, and wiU prob
ably remain without a parallel. If he sur
vives to the end of his present terra it wiU cora
plete forty- two years of service. The longest
previous continuous terra of service in Con
gress was that of Nathaniel Macon of North
CaroUna, which was thirty-seven years, or
twenty-four in the House and thirteen in the
Senate. Mr. MorriU already looks back upon

nearly thirty-nine years of congressional life,
and he is now younger in raind and body
than most raen of three score.
It is the crowning glory of such a career
that it is absolutely spotless. No act of dis
honor or word of discourtesy was ever
charged to hira. He has uniforraly held the
highest respect and esteera of his brother
legislators of all parties, as well as the citi
zens of Verraont.
Mr. MorriU has been too busy in affairs of
the state to give rauch tirae to literary labor,
though raaking sorae contributions to the
Forum, and to the North Araerican Review,
but a volurae entitled "Self-Consciousness of
Noted Persons," being a collection of ex
pressions of self-appreciation on the part of
raany faraous raen and women, gathered by
him in the course of his wide reading, was
published in 1882, and a second edition in
1886. Mr. Morrill was raarried in 185 1, to Ruth,
daughter of Dr. Caleb and Ruth (Barrill)
Swan of Easton, Mass. Of this union there
is one son living : Jaraes S.
Mr. MorriU has been for twenty-six years
a raeraber of the board of trustees of the
University of Vermont and State Agricultural
CoUege, and for raany years one of the
regents of the Smithsonian Institution. The
degree of M. A. has been conferred upon
hira by Dartmouth College, and that of LL.
D. by the Pennsylvania University, and also
by the Verraont University, and the State
Agricultural CoUege. Of Senator Morrill's
speech on the tariff, raade in the Senate Dec.
13, 1893, George Alfred Townshend, the
veteran and up-to-date correspondent, says :
"I fell to wondering whether Daniel Webster
ever raade a speech in better hterary form
or with more sense of proportion." Charac
terizing the senator himself— the Nestor of
the Senate — Townshend uses not unfitly the
words, "our Gladstonian friend."
MORSE, George a., of East Elmore,
son of Ira and Huldah S. (Ainsworth) Morse,
was born in Plainfield, Oct. 22, 1848.
Descended frora a grandsire who was a sol
dier in the Revolutionary war, his boyhood
was spent upon his father's farra, and in the
intervals of labor he attended the common
schools and then continued his studies at
Hardwick Academy, teaching school win
ters. For two years after attaining raanhood he
worked upon dififerent farras but in 187 1 re
raoved to East Elmore and bought a saw-
mUl, engaging in the manufacture of lumber.
At first his capital was very liraited, but by
his industry and strict attention to business,
his resources soon increased, and he is now
in possession of two thousand acres of timber
land and turns out a miUion and ahalf feet of

MORSE.

MOULTON.

boards per annum, while the product of his
plant is StiU increasing He lets the logging
principaUy to the neighboring farmers. By
diligence, energy and good manageraent he
has accuraulated a handsorae property, sold
his raill and has reraoved to Morrisville.
Mr. Morse is president of the Morse Manu
facturing Co. of Wolcott, and is owner of a
large portion of the stock ; he also is a di
rector of the Hardwick Savings Bank and
Trust Co.

,*

GEORGE A. MORSE.
He has been appointed to raany of the
town ofifices, has been constable, selectraan,
justice, and coraraissioner, and chairman of
the school board. He received the position
of postmaster under the administration of
President Grant, and is stUl the incumbent
of the same, having had the care of the
ofifice for about twenty years. He was
elected by the Republicans to the Legisla
ture in 1882, and was chosen senator for
LamoUle county in 1890, in which he was a
meraber of the finance committee and chair
man of that on the grand hst.
Mr. Morse has taken the three degrees of
Ancient Craft Masonry, and is a member of
Mineral Lodge, No. 93, of Wolcott.
He espoused, Jan. i, 1874, Alice M.,
daughter of William and Pheoba (Olmstead)
SUleway of Elmore. Two children have
blessed their union : George G., and Ethel
Glee.

MOULTON, Clarence F., of West
Randolph, son of Horace and Lucy (Smith)
Moulton, was born in Randolph, March 1 1
1837. He spent the early years of his life on the
farm, and in the intervals of agricultural toil
he attended the coraraon schools of Ran
dolph and later the New London Literary
and Scientific Institute, where he received
his preparatory instruction for Dartmouth
College, from which he graduated in the
class of 1863. Soon after his graduation he
went to New York and entered the ofifice of
Austin Corbin & Co., bankers. After this he
became a partner in the mercantile house of
Clapp, Braden & Co., importers of milUnery,
having also the charge of Mr. Clapp's private
estate and acting as guardian for his minor
nephews and nieces, after his death. In 1877
he became a raeraber of the firm of A. F.
Roberts & Co., comraission merchants in
flour and grain. He now became the pro
prietor of a seat in the Produce Exchange,
and was raade a director of the Hanover
Fire Insurance Co., of New York. He is
also a raeraber of the New York ConsoUdated
Exchange, but his early fondness for the soil
of Verraont brought Mr. Moulton back to the
scenes of his boyhood and youth. In 1882
he bought the place where he now resides.

CLARENCE F. MOULTON.

Mr.

ivii. Moulton was united in marriage in
1875, to Annie J., daughter of Addison F.
and Mary (Sherman) Roberts. Three chil-

MUNSON.

MUNSON.

283

dren have been born to thera : Sherman Rob
erts, Horace Freeman, and Desier Clapp.
In his poUtical affiUations Mr. Moulton is
a RepubUcan, but he has never been an act
ive partisan in pubhc affairs, since he has
devoted his active energies to business and
his leisure to reading and social enjoyraent.
Mr. Moulton is one of the proprietors and
the secretary of the Green Mountain Stock
Farra Co., an estabhshraent which raust be
seen to be fuUy appreciated. Here a plant
has been erected, with every detail and
appointraent perfected, regardless of ex
pense, and a raagnificent herd of nearly
three hundred registered Jerseys are kept
under ideally perfect conditions with respect
to feed and care. The result is butter of
great perfection, which was found worthy to
take the gold raedal at the Paris Exposition,
1889, also the gold raedal at the World's
Fair at Chicago in 1893.
MUNSON, Loveland, of Manchester,
son of Cyrus and Lucy (Loveland) Munson,
was born in Manchester, July 21, 1843.
The first ancestor of Mr. Munson to be
corae a resident of Verraont was Jared Mun
son, who eraigrated frora Lanesboro, Mass.,
in 1778 and settled on a portion of the land
on which Manchester viUage now stands.
His son Rufus was born in 1762 and accom
panied his father to Manchester, where he
died at the early age of thirty-five in 1797.
Cyrus Munson, son of Rufus, was born in
Manchester, Jan. 22, 1790, and was twice
married. His first wife, to whom he was
married on the loth of August, 181 1, was
Catherine Walker, who died in 18
On the 1 6th of November, 1841, he married
Lucy, daughter of Deacon Asa Loveland. Mr.
Munson led the life of a quiet, industrious
farmer, was honored by election to different
town ofifices, and died on the ist of October,
1857- Loveland Munson received a good acad
emical education. Choosing the legal pro
fession, he began the study of law in 1862
in the ofifice of Ehas B. Burton. Adraitted
to the bar of Bennington county in June,
1866, he at once entered into copartnership
with his forraer preceptor. The firra of Bur
ton & Munson, while it continued, had a
good practice, as did afterward its junior
member when alone.
Mr. Munson occupied for many years a
prorainent place in the political affairs of the
state. About 1866 he was elected raeraber
and afterward chairman of the Republican
county coramittee and served as such for
several years. After his selection for this
position he was raade chairman of the Re
pubhcan district coraraittee, and was con
tinued in this for several years. Frora 1863
to 1866 Mr. Munson edited the Manchester

Journal and his interest in Uterature he has
always kept ahve. In 1882 he delivered an
excellent address on "The Early History of
Manchester" which was afterward published.
Frora 1866 to 1873 he was town clerk of
Manchester, and in the latter year declined
further election because of the pressure of
professional pursuits. . Frora December, 1866,
to December, 1876, he was register of pro
bate for the district of Manchester. He was
a member of the faraous Constitutional Con
vention of 1870.
In 1872 Mr. Munson entered the Vermont
Legislature as the representative of the town
of Manchester. During the session of that
year he served on the committees on the
judiciary and on railroads, and also on a
special joint committee appointed to inves
tigate the affairs of the Central Verraont
R. R. The latter assembled after the ad
journment of the Legislature and raade its
report to the Governor. Again elected to
the House in 1874, he served in the session
following as chairraan of the judiciary com
mittee. He received a large vote for the
speaker's chair in competition with Judge
PI. H. Powers. In 1878 he represented
Bennington county in the Senate, and re
ceiving the honor of an election to the presi
dency /^(j tem, was for that reason excused
from all coraraittee service, except that on
rules, of which coraraittee he was chairman.
Mr. Munson was again returned to the
House in 1882, and by the action of his
friends was raade a candidate for the speak
ership against Hon. J. L. Martin, but the lat
ter was elected. At this session he was chair
raan of the general coraraittee and was also
a raeraber of the judiciary coraraittee. His
sound sense and absolute sincerity gave him
the leadership on the floor of the two Houses
in which others carried off the honors of the
speakership. Strong in debate, his speeches
uniforraly coraraanded the close and respect
ful attention of his coUeagues, and alraost
always their hearty support of raeasures ad
vocated by hira.
In May, 1883, he received the appoint
raent of judge of probate for the district of
Manchester, succeeding Judge Ranney How
ard, deceased.
He was appointed by Governor Orrasbee
in 1887 chairman of a coraraittee authorized
by the Legislature of 1886 to revise and re
draft the school laws and incorporate with
their revision new features to iraprove the
schools and present the same in the form of
a bUl. The bUl so drafted with some few
changes became the school law enacted in
1888. Judge Munson was, in Septeraber, 1889,
upon the resignation of Judge Veazey, ap
pointed sixth assistant judge of the Supreme
Court, and in 1890 was elected fourth assist-

284

NEEDHAM.

NELSON.

ant judge of that court which position he
now holds by re-election in 1892.
Judge Munson's fairness, studious habit,
and literary skUl rendered him a most valu
able acquisition to the bench, and his pe
culiar ability as a presiding ofificer helps to
keep up the well-deserved reputation the

Vermont trial courts have won as places
where the law is administered with fit dignity
and decorum.
Judge Munson married. May 4, 1882,
Mary B., daughter of Rev. Alexander B. and
Anna M. (HoUister) CarapbeU, of Men
don, 111.

NEEDHAM, LEWIS Cass, of Leicester
Junction, son of Benjamin E. and Amanda
(Page) Needham, was born in Shrewsbury,
April 6, 1843. His parents were early set
tlers of Massachusetts, and his great-grand
father, Benjarain Needhara, was one of the
founders of the town of Shrewsbury. Owing
to his being the only dependent of a widowed
raother and her younger children, Mr. Need
hara is about the only raember of his family
who is without a personal war record His

LEWIS CASS NEEDHAM.

great-grandfather was a soldier in the Revo
lution ; his grandfather, father, and an uncle
were soldiers in the war of 181 2 ; an uncle,
Horace Needham, served in the Mexican
war, and raany others of the faraily were
engaged in the war of the rebelUon.
The early education of the subject of this
sketch was obtained in the schools of Shrews
bury during the fall terms, his summer and
winter months being spent in farm labor and
teaching. Mr. Needham resolved upon a
business career, and pursued a course of
study in the Eastman Business CoUege of

Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Subsequently he re
turned to his birthplace and lived with his
widowed mother until her death. In 1868
he went to Rutland and commenced work in
the employment of the Rutland Railroad Co.
In 1878 he moved to Leicester and since
then has been agent for the Central Vermont
Railroad Co. in that place.
He represented Leicester in the Legisla
ture in the session of 1884 ; has been justice
of the peace since that time, and superin
tendent of schools since 1890. He was
chairman of the Repubhcan town committee
in 1890, and takes an active interest in
political affairs.
Mr. Needham becarae a raeraber of Centre
Lodge, F. & A. M., at Rutland, in 1865, and
afterward affiliated with St. Paul's Lodge at
Brandon, in 1890. He becarae a member
of KiUington Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Rutland
in 1870, and was a zealous and efificient
worker in the order. He united with the
Congregational church at Rutiand in Janu
ary, 1875, and was transferred to the church
in Whiting in 1885, where he has been a
deacon since 1887.
Mr. Needham was married, Jan. 23, 1879,
to Ella, daughter of Nelson and Nancy
(Farr) Brown of Rutland. Of this union
there are two chUdren : Martha E., and
Florence R. Mrs. Needham is a grand
daughter of Solomon Brown of Lexington,
Mass., who was a Revolutionary soldier, and
fired the first gun in the battle of Lexington.
The gun is a keepsake in the Brown family.
NELSON, Wilmot G., of Norton's
MUls, son of Nathaniel and Eliza (Green-
liaf) Nelson, was born in Alna, Me., May 9,
1850. His education was derived from a course
of study at the common schools, at the coni-
pletion of which he entered his father's
shop to learn the tanner's trade and engaged
in this calling tUl he arrived at his majority,
when he entered the employ of the Norton
MUls Co., as clerk. When the company
failed in 1874, Mr. Nelson went to Island
Pond, but soon returned and rented a store,
in which he carried on the principal retail
general trade of the place. In 1884 he
entered as senior partner the firra of A.
McLean & Co. This concern five years

NEWELL.
after sold their interest to A. M. Stetson &
Co., by whora Mr. Nelson was engaged as
foreraan of the establishment.
Mr. Nelson was united in marriage, August
7, 1874, in Boston, to Cora A., daughter of
William and Margaret Libbey of East
Machias, Me. Four chUdren have been the
fruit of their union ; Frank M. (deceased),
Gertrude E., Edward J., and Edith M.

NEWTON.

285

WILMOT G. NELSON.
He has taken the several degrees of the
blue lodge, working with Island Pond Lodge,
No. 44, and is also a Royal Arch Mason and
a member of the lodge of Odd FeUows in
that town.
When the town of Norton was organized
in 1885 Mr. Nelson acted as moderator and
first selectman, which ofifice he held for
three consecutive terms. He has also been
postmaster for fifteen years and deputy
sherifif for twelve years. His business en
gageraents have been so pressing and ira
portant, that he has avoided ofifice. He is
an outspoken Republican and his influence
can be seen in the constantly increasing
vote of that party in the town, which, not
withstanding the large foreign eleraent, gave
a majority for Harrison in 1892. His in
fluence in the community has been con
stantly on the side of good morals and
progress.
NEWELL, LYMAN Merrifield, of
Wardsboro, son of Jackson and Sarah (Mer
rifield) Newell, was born in Wardsboro, April
14, 1833.

Having availed hiraself of the educational
advantages derived frora the common
schools, he was employed as clerk in his
father's store untU 1855, when he bought
his father's interest and continued the busi
ness for four years. He then retired from
active mercantile life and bought a farm,
which he has conducted up to the present
tirae. He was united in marriage AprU 20, 1855
to Sylvan D., daughter of Calvin and Orrilla
(Choate) Taylor.
For twelve years past Mr. NeweU has been
town treasurer and town agent. For many
years he was lister and constable, and also
trustee of public raoney. He was a raera
ber ofthe Constitutional Convention in 1870,

LYMAN MERRIFIELD NEWELL.
while for four years, 1867, 1868, 1872 and
1873, he represented the town in the General
Assembly. An upright citizen, Mr. Newell
has the respect of the comraunity in which
he resides.
NEWTON, William S., of Brattleboro,
son of WUUiam and Betsey (Harris) New
ton, was born in Marlboro, June 26, 1822.
He was of the seventh generation on the
line of descent frora England. Cotton New
ton, his grandfather, was a soldier in the
Revolutionary war, and was at the battle of
Stillwater. His educational training was obtained
in the common schools and at the Brattle
boro Academy, and when seventeen years of

286

NICHOLS.

NICHOLS.

age he left the farm upon which he was
born, to take his first step in active business
life, being employed as clerk in the store of
Jesse Cone at the center of the town, which
was then located on the present site of the
raeeting house. Subsequently he came to
Brattleboro, where he obtained a sirailar
position in the store of Gardner C. Hall, in
whose service he reraained for two years.
Again he returned to the place of his nativity,
but in 1852 accepted a position in the
eraployraent of the Verraont & Massachu
setts RaUroad Co., at Brattleboro ; frora
thence he transferred his services to the
post-office under the administration of
Samuel Dutton. In March, 1859, he forraed a
copartnership whh Nathaniel Cheney and
engaged in the grocery business. This con
nection was dissolved in July afterwards and
he continued the trade at the old stand tUl
Dec. I, 1887.
He was elected town clerk, March 3, 1863,
and justice of the peace at the Septeraber
Freeraen's meeting afterwards ; elected a
trustee of the Vermont Savings Bank in
January, 1882, and vice-president in Jan
uary, 1 89 1. In all of these capacities he
has given universal satisfaction by the exact
itude, impartiality and conscientiousness
with which he has discharged the sorae
what delicate duties of his ofificial position,
and the unwavering rectitude and constant
probity of his daily life have earned the
entire respect of the community where he
resides. Gifted with a keen sense of the ridiculous,
no one more appreciates the comic side of
life or enjoys with raore hearty zest the droll
occurences that are continually arising to
relieve in sorae degree the irksome toil to
which poor huraanity is otherwise con
deraned. His religious preference is the Congrega
tional faith.
Mr. Newton was united in wedlock, March
30, 1858, to Lucinda W. Harris, daughter of
David VV. and Salome (Wheeler) Goodrich,
of Chesterfield, N. H.
NICHOLS, William Henry, of Brain
tree, son of WiUiam and Betsey (White)
Nichols, was born in Braintree, Dec. 23,
1829. He descends from old New England
stock, which has exhibited the virtue of good
citizenship through successive generations.
Isaac Nichols, his great-grandfather, was a
colonel in the Revolutionary army, and a
participant in the battles of Bennington and
Saratoga. He came to Braintree with his
wife and seven stalwart sons and one grand
child in October, 1787, and took up his
residence on Quaker HUl, buUding a rude
log hut, covered with bark. From that time
to the present, the family has been promi

nently and ofificially connected with public
afifairs. Isaac was the first representative
repeatedly holding that position ; and he and
his wife were original merabers of the First
Congregational Church, of which he was for
a long time a deacon, and which was organ
ized in 1794. His wife, Dorcas (Sibley)
Nichols, was a woraan of unusual mental
and physical vigor, of great celebrUy as a
nurse, and lived to the reraarkable age of
one hundred and four years and ten months.
His youngest son, Rev. Arami Nichols, was
a clergyman for two-thirds of a century.
Betsey White, mother of Judge Nichols,
was a lineal descendant of Peregrine 'White,
the first born of the Pilgrims, and the old
family homestead, now occupied by the son
of Judge Nichols, has been the home and
unencumbered property of the family for
more than a century.
William H. Nichols attended the Orange
county grararaar school and West Randolph
Acaderay, and graduated from Middlebury

WILLIAM HENRY NICHOLS.

CoUege in the class of 1856. He studied
law with John B. Hutchinson, meanwhile
teaching several terms of the Orange county
grararaar school and West Randolph Acad
eray. He was adraitted to the Orange
county bar in 1857, and continued to prac
tice untU the fall of i860, when he estab
lished himself as a lawyer at Cedar Falls,
Iowa. On the breaking out of the war he enlisted
as a private, served in the departments of

NIMBLET^

NORTON.

287

Mississippi and the Gulf, at Vicksburg,
Shiloh, the siege and second battle of Cor
inth, and capture of Mobile, and was
wounded at Corinth. He served at tiraes as
drill-raaster, and ordnance and coramissary
sergeant. After being raustered out he carae
to Braintree and took charge of his father's
farm. A Republican in poUtics, he has discharged
many public and ofificial trusts. He was a
raember of the last Constitutional Conven
tion ; representative from Braintree in 1870 ;
judge of county court, 1872 to 1874; has
been superintendent of schools, and was for
a long time clerk and treasurer, a position
that has been held by successive raerabers
of the faraily for nearly three-quarters of a
century. In 1879 ^^ ^^s elected judge of
probate, and has since creditably fiUed that
position. Judge Nichols married, August 3, 1856,
Ann Eliza, daughter of William A. and
Abby (Curver) Bates. Their chUdren are :
Henry Hebert, WiUiam Bates, Edward H.,
and Anna.
Judge Nichols is a whole-souled gentle
man, and in all of the various relations of
civil and railitary life has discharged his
duties ably and faithfully. He has been for
thirty-six years a member of Phoenix Lodge,
No. 28, F. & A. M., and is also a comrade
of U. S. Grant Post, No. 36, of West
Randolph. NIMBLET, OSCAR L., of Monkton, son
of Hosea and Althea (Williams) Nimblet,
was born in Monkton, Jan. 16, 1832.
His scholastic training was received at the
public and private schools of his native town
and at Bakersfield Acaderay. Immediately
after leaving Bakersfield he comraenced the
study of medicine by attending lectures at
Dartmouth College, and afterwards graduated
¦with high honors frora the raedical depart
ment of the University of Verraont, receiving
his diploraa in the class of 1854. Returning
to Monkton, he practiced successfully in that
town and vicinity.
Doctor Nimblet was married at Mont
peher, August 16, 1853, to Sarah V., daugh
ter of David and Hannah (Prescott) Mason,
by whora he has had issue : Ida A. (Mrs.
Moses Sears, of WiUiston), Katie L. (Mrs.
Alfred HuU, of Hinesburgh), Altha S. (Mrs.
WilUam Stone, of WiUiston). Mrs. Nimblet
died Dec. 2, 1884, and Doctor Nirablet was
united, Jan. 2, 1886, to Mrs. Eliza C. Weller.
Doctor Nimblet has always been an ardent
-supporter of Repubhcan principles. On ac
count of his interest in educational matters,
he has been caUed upon to act as superin
tendent of schools for a quarter of a century,
besides serving as school director and town
agent. He represented Monkton in the Leg

islature of 1888, giving his services to the
committee on the insane, in which capacity
he estabhshed a most desirable record. He
has enroUed himself a raember of the Ma
sonic fraternity, and though a believer in
Christianity, is not a member of any particu
lar sect.
He possesses raarked literary abihty, and
has often contributed to papers and periodi
cals. He is a fluent and eloquent speaker,
and has often displayed his oratorical powers
in lectures and on pubhc occasions in vari
ous parts of the state.
NORTON, LUMAN Preston, of Ben
nington, son of Julius and Maria (Spooner)
Norton, was born in Bennington March 20,
1837. Mr. Norton is directly descended
frora WUliam C. Spooner, signer of the De
claration of Independence, and his great
grandfather, John, fought in the Revolution
ary army in which he held the rank of
captain.

LUMAN PRESTON NORTON.
He received his prelirainary education at
the public schools of Carabridge, N. Y., and
afterward pursued his studies at the acad
emies of Randolph and Bennington and also
that of Bloomfield, N. Y. Entering Union
College, Schenectady, N. Y., he graduated
in June, 1858, and the following year forraed
a copartnership with his father at Benning
ton for the manufacture of pottery, a busi
ness estabhshed by his great-grandfather in
1793. After his father's death in 1861 Mr.
Norton continued in the concern for twenty-

OLMSTEAD .

OLMSTEAD.

one years, when he sold his entire interest
to his partner and removed to Bisraark, Dak.,
for the benefit of his impaired health. On
his return to Vermont he accepted the gen
eral agency of the Northwestern Mutual Life
Insurance Co. He was elected the first
president of the Bennington County Savings
Bank and also of the viUage of Bennington.
He is largely interested in real estate both in
Verraont and in the West.
A RepubUcan in his political preferences,
he has taken little active part in public af
fairs, though confidence in his integrity and
financial capacity have caUed hira to the
office of trustee of Bennington village, repre
senting that town in the Legislature of 1874,
being assigned to iraportant coraraittees.

In Mt. Anthony Lodge, No. 13, F. &A.
M., he has been the incumbent of all the'
ofifices with the exception of that of master •
is a charter member of Bennington Histor
ical Society, and belongs to the Improved
Order of Red Men. He is a communicant
of the Protestant Episcopal church. He is.
auditor of the diocese of Vermont and has.
been for many years lay delegate to the dio
cesan convention.
Mr. Norton married, Oct. 12, 1858, Alice
L., daughter of Bradford Godfrey. Four
children have been issue of this union i
Luraan S., Agnes C. (wife of Judge Charles
H. Darling of Bennington), Ahce Mabel,
and Julius Philip.

OLMSTEAD, ALNER ALLYN, of South
Newbury, son of Isaac H. and S. Ann
(Allyn) Olrastead was born at Newbury,
June 15, 1850. He is of English-Scotch
descent.

ALNER ALLYN OLMSTEAD.
He received his education at Newbury Sera
inary and Verraont Methodist Seminary at
Montpeher. In 187 1 he coraraenced the study
of law with Orrin Gambell of Bradford, but on
account of difificulty with his eyes he was
corapelled to abandon his hopes of entering
that profession, and formed a partnership
with his father for the manufacture of chairs,
which trade he had learned in his minority.

This business connection continued untU the
death of his father in 1878. The next year
Mr. Olmstead built a large and commodious.
chair factory, costing about ^6,000, and since
that time he has successfully conducted the
business, with the addition of the lumber
and furniture trade. He is a farmer and
breeder of blooded horses, of which he is a
great lover, owning twelve at the present
tirae. He is enterprising and possesses a
raarked degree of will power, with that con
tinuity that raakes it painful to give up. He
is a director, treasurer, and manager of the
Orange County Canning Co., which he was
instrumental in organizing.
Mr. Olmstead is a Democrat, and although
his town is strongly RepubUcan, in 1890 he
was elected a meraber of the General As
serably, a position not held in Newbury by a
Democrat since Henry Keyes, thirty-five
years before. He served on the committee
of raanufacturing and on the joint special
coraraittee of the \\'orld's Fair. He gained
the reputation of being a prudent and care
ful legislator, and won the confidence and
esteera of his associates. His townsmen
honored him with a re-election in 1892, when
he served on the coramittee of grand hst,
and, being a staunch teraperance advocate,
was placed on the coramittee of temperance,
where he did good work. On the 5 th of
May, 1892, at the Democratic state conven
tion in Montpelier, Mr. Olmstead was chosen
a member of the "Vermont Democratic state
committee, and now holds that position. On
the 13th of June, 1893, J. Sterhng Merton,.
Secretary of Agriculture in Mr. Cleveland's
cabinet, appointed Mr. Olrastead to the posi
tion of state statistical agent for Vermont at
a salary of ^600 per year.
He joined the M. E. Church in 1870, and
has been an active raeraber, ofificer and lib
eral supporter since. He was made a Mason.
in 1874, and is now a Royal Arch.

ORVIS.

ORVIS.

On May 27, 1880, at South Newbury, he
raarried Miss Jennie M., daughter of John
and Susan C. (FuUer) Thorapson, a noble
Christian woman, "who did him good and not
evU aU the days of her life." She died Dec.
25, 1889.
ORVIS, Franklin Henry, of Man
chester, was born on the 12 th day of July,
1824, and is the eldest child of Levi Church
and Electa Sophia (Purdy) Orvis. His
father, Levi Church Orvis, and grandfather,
WaitstiU Orvis, were likewise natives of Ver
mont, though born east of the mountains.
His raother was descended from Reuben

FRANKLIN HENRY ORVIS.
Purdy, who wiU be remembered as the head
of one of the oldest and most highly re
spected pioneer farailies of the town of
Manchester. Levi Church Orvis carae to
Manchester about the year 1820, living for a
time in the faraily of Ephraim Munson, and
attended HiU's School. Shortly afterward
he married Electa Sophia Purdy. He was
engaged in the mercantile and marble busi
ness at Manchester up to the time of. his
death in 1849.
It was in his father's store that Franklin
H. Orvis obtained his early business train
ing. He was educated in the comraon
schools of the town, and at the Barr Serai
nary, and the Union ViUage Acaderay at
Greenwich, N. Y., frora which last institution
he graduated in 1842, being then eighteen
years of age. The next two years were
passed in Wisconsin and Illinois in raercan-

tile pursuits, but in 1844 he went to New
York City as a clerk in the wholesale dry
goods house of Marsh & WilUs, which posi
tion he held for about two years. In 1846,
Mr. Orvis, in association with Elijah M.
Carrington, forraerly of Poultney, under the
firm name of Carrington & Orvis, engaged in
the wholesale dry goods business, which he
continued until about the year i860, when
he retired to give his whole attention to the
hotel which he had established some eight
years before. But the Equinox of Man
chester, as is very weU known, has been con
ducted as a suraraer resort exclusively ; there
fore, when Mr. Orvis withdrew frora his
occupation in New York City, the winter
months became to him a season of compara
tive inactivity, except during the period of
his connection with the Manchester Journal,
which paper he purchased in 187 1, and con
tinued with gratifying success. In 1872 Mr.
Orvis became proprietor of the St. James
Hotel at Jacksonville, Fla., which he con
ducted as a winter resort In 1875 he pur
chased the Putnam House at Palatka, Fla.,
enlarged it and continued its management
untU it was destroyed by fire in November,
1884. In 1880 Mr. Orvis leased the Wind
sor at Jacksonville, conducting this and the
Putnam at Palatka until the latter was burned,
since which the Windsor has occupied his
time during the winter, and the Equinox at
Manchester during the summer. The suc
cessful conduct of a large hotel caUs for as
rauch of tact and good judgraent as the raan
ageraent of any other extensive enterprise.
These necessary traits and quaUfications are
possessed by Mr. Orvis in an abundant
degree ; and while to him is due the credit
of having built up these large enterprises,
and raade for them a reputation second to
none in the country, acknowledgment should
be made of the efificient assistance rendered
by his sons, who have inherited much of the
business thrift and energy of their father.
He was raarried Nov. 17, 1852, to Sarah
M., daughter of Paul and Sarah R. Whitin, of
Whitinsville, Mass. Six children are the fruit
of this union.
It will seera frora the foregoing brief
resurae, that the life of Franklin H. Orvis has
been one of busy activity for raore than half
a century. While he has been thus engaged
with his business affairs he has nevertheless
found tirae to participate in the various
events and raeasures looking to the welfare
and improvement of his native town. Every
enterprise tending to its advancement has
found in hira an earnest advocate, and every
worthy charity has received frora him sub
stantial aid. In the faU of 1869 he was
elected to the Vermont Senate from Benning
ton county as the candidate of the Republi
can party, of which party he has been an

290

OSGOOD.

OWEN.

active meraber since 1861. In 1892 he was
again elected to the Vermont Senate for two
years. Although now in his seventieth year
he is actively engaged as the head of the well-
known Equinox Spring Co., of Manchester.
OSGOOD, Charles Wesley, of Bel
lows FaUs, son of Peter and Rebecca Osgood,
was born in North Andover, Mass., Nov. 14,
1841. His early education was received at the
comraon schools of Andover and supple
mented by a short course of study at Phil
Ups Acaderay. At the age of fifteen he
ended his brief schoohng and coramenced
to learn the trade of a machinist. Having
mastered this, after various vicissitudes Mr.
Osgood came to Bellows Falls in 1871 and
entered into partnership with William G.
Barker, under the firm narae of Osgood &
Barker, to do a general trade. When they
started they eraployed but one man, but the
firra was successful and business steadily in
creased. Ten years after the forraation of
the concern Mr. Barker died, and since then
Mr. Osgood has owned and operated the
plant and he is now chiefly occupied in the
raanufacture of paper-raaking raachinery.
In 1883 his shops were burned, but in 1891
he purchased the estate known as the Island
House property and erected a spacious
building thereon, in which now nearly a hun
dred raen are employed.
Though a strong Republican, Mr. Osgood
has neither cared for nor sought ofifice.
He married at North Andover, Mass., Fan
nie M., daughter of B. Gardner Searle. Three
children have been issue : Edward Gardner,
Charles Herbert, and Fannie Rebecca.
OWEN, Clarence Philander, of
Glover, son of Philander and Irene (Knapp)
Owen, was born in Glover, March 31, 1844.
He is of Puritan lineage, being a descendant
from Samuel and PrisciUa Owen, who erai
grated frora' Wales about 1685, settled in
Salera, Mass., but not finding sufficient re
ligious liberty there, went to Roger Williaras
colony at Providence, R. I.
His great-grandfather, Capt. Daniel Owen,
was the president of the first state conven
tion of Rhode Island, which adopted the
Constitution, and drafted the letter which
informed General Washington of the organ
ization of the state government. He was
also chief justice of the state and Dept.-
Governor from 1786 to 1790, and with five
others was granted the exclusive privUege of
coining money for a term of twelve years,
then was a partner in an iron foundry with
the celebrated John Paul Jones untU the
breaking out of the Revolution. At the
close of the war, with others, he received a
grant of land in the towns of Westfield and
Barton.

Mr. Clarence PhUander Owen obtained
his education in the public schools, the
Orleans Liberal Institute of Glover and
Barre Acaderay. After a course of legal
study in the office of Knapp and Wright of
Keosaukqua, Iowa, in the faU of 1866 he
was admitted to the Van Buren county bar
of that state, but never practiced his pro
fession, for he was immediately appointed
United States inspector of customs for the
First Iowa district. While visiting his home
in 1868 he was seized with a dangerous ill
ness the nature of which precluded all in
door occupation, and he became a farmer,
In this employraent he has always remained,
raaking a specialty of Jersey stock and Mor
gan horses.

CLARENCE PHILANDER OWEN.

He was united in raarriage Feb. 4, 1869,
to Anna, daughter of WUliam and Fanny
(Randall) Chase, of Wheelock. Two daugh
ters have been born to them : Maud L-
(Mrs. WUliam S. Mason of Glover), and
Kate (Mrs. ^^'iUard C. Leonard of New
London, N. H.)
Mr. Owen has been earnestly interested in
public affairs, is a raeraber of the Repub
lican party, has served on the county com
mittee, held raost of the town offices and is
county auditor, now serving his third year.
In 1886 and 1888 he was elected associate

the fiill
inted

judge for Orleans county, serving
terra of four years, and in 1892 represe:
the town of Glover in the General Assembly,
serving on the ways and means committee.

OWEN.

OWEN.

291

Judge Owen is a Congregationalist, and a
Free and Accepted Mason, affihating with
•Orleans Lodge, No. 55, of Barton, and
¦Cleveland Chapter, No. 20, of Newport.
OWEN, JOSEPH, of Barton, son of Jos
eph and Esther (Colwell) Owen, was born
in Glover, Feb. 18, 1818. He is the grand-
.son of Hon. Daniel Owen, Governor of Rhode
Island, to whom part of the towns of Barton and
Westfield was granted in 1781. The young-
.est son of the Governor, and father of the sub
ject of this sketch, in corapany with other
settlers carae to Barton in 1 798, thence floated
•down the river to Newport, raade an excur
sion through the woods to Westfield, where
they built camps on their own lots, subse-
¦quently settling in Barton.

by aU for his personal integrity and financial
abiUty. He has taken smaU share in political or
town raatters, nevertheless he has served as
coUector and selectman in Barton. He has
always voted with the RepubUcans since the
dissolution of the whig party.
For fifty-seven years he has been a mem
ber of the Methodist church of which he has
been one of the stewards since his early
manhood. He has been a faithful instructor
in the Sunday School besides being a liberal
and generous benefactor to the church.
He raarried, Dec. 14, 1848, Diana, daugh
ter of Daniel and Sally (Gilman) Shaw, of
Sutton, who died August 23, 1884, leaving
two chUdren . Ella F. ( Mrs. Waldo Mossman,
of Barton), and George W. July 22, 1886,
he was married to Mrs. Abbie B. Bickford, of
Montpeher, daughter of Reuben and Eliza
beth (Sawyer) Giffin. He has now retired
from business, enjoying the fruits of his
labors. OWEN, Oscar Daniel, of Barton,
son of Daniel and Sarah (Barnard) Owen,
was born in Barton, Oct. i, 1842. His

JOSEPH OWEN.

The present Joseph Owen obtained his
¦education in the schools of Barton and Glover
.and afterwards at Browington Academy. He
comraenced the active business of life as an
instructor in Westfield, Barton, and Sutton,
and after eraployment as a clerk in the latter
place removed to Barton and settled upon a
farm, the greater part of which is now occu
pied by the village. He was a farraer, and
tiUed the soil for the love of it, and conse
quently raade it a success ; and he stoutly
afifirras that a young man now, with pluck
and courage for capital stock, can acquire
wealth on a Verraont farm. Mr. Owen has
been one of the raost prominent busines men
in Orleans county and was much respected

OSCAR DANIEL OWEN.

ancestors came to tbis country frora Wales
in 1685 for the better enjoyraent of civU and
religious liberty and to seek a wider field for
agricultural labor than they could find in
their native land. They setded in Rhode
Island and from thence the grandfather of
Mr. Owen reraoved to the Harapshire Grants

292

ORMSBEE.

ORMSBEE.

and was one of the earliest settlers of the
town of Barton.
Mr. Owen passed through the customary
course of instruction at the coraraon schools
and acaderay and at the age of nineteen
raade his first step in an active business
career by being employed as clerk in the
local store. He then took his departure for
Rockford, IU., and worked in the sarae
capacity for two years, after which he trans
ferred his abode to Boston, Mass., where he
StiU continued to hold a siraUar position.
Having by this tirae a wide and varied
knowledge of business afifairs, in 1869 he
returned to Barton, where he coraraenced as
a raerchant on his own account. By his
energy, thrift and industry, he has been
more than successful, has built up a most
flourishing trade and deservedly acquired a
handsome fortune by honorable and straight
forward dealing. In 1875 he had the mis
fortune to lose his entire stock and store by
fire, but, undismayed by this stroke of ill-
luck, with characteristic pluck, he imme
diately commenced the erection of his
present business block at that tirae the finest
in the vicinity. He is largely engaged in
buying and shipping Vermont butter and
dairy produce in general.
Mr. Owen married, Nov. 5, 1874, Mary
A., daughter of Judge Fordyce S. and
Martha H. French of Barton. One daugh
ter, Julia, is issue of their union.
ORMSBEE, Ebenezer JOLLS, of Bran
don, son of John Mason and Polly (Willson)
Ormsbee, was born in Shoreham, June 8,
1834. He received the education afforded by the
coraraon schools of the state and the acade
raies at Brandon and South Woodstock,
dividing his tirae between the farm and the
school until his majority, when he taught
school winters while acquiring the higher
branches taught in the academy. He began
the study of the law in the ofifice of Briggs &
Nicholson, at Brandon, in 1857, and was
adraitted to the bar of Rutiand county at the
March term of court in 1861.
Instead of entering upon the practice of
his profession, however, he enUsted in the
"AUen Grays," a miUtary company of Bran
don, in April, 1861 ; this corapany becarae
Co. G of the ist Regt Vt. Vols., and having
been elected 2d heutenant thereof, he was
coraraissioned as such, AprU 25, 1861, and
was with his corapany in the service of the
United States during the term of its enhst
ment, being mustered out of the United
States service, August 15, 1861. Returning
home, he again enhsted in Co. G of the 12th
Regt. Vt. Vols., was elected captain of the

company, and commissioned Sept. 22, 1862.
This regiment was attached to the 2d Vt'
Brigade, coraraanded by General Stannard,'
which becarae the 3d Brigade in the jd
Division of the ist Army Corps, Army of the
Potomac, and taking a most noteworthy part
in the Gettysburg carapaign. Captain Orms
bee was with his corapany during its term of
service, sharing the dangers and hardships
of his raen, and was again raustered out with
thera, July 14, 1863.
Taking up the duties of civil life, he com
menced the practice of law at Brandon, as a
partner of Anson A. Nicholson, in 1864, af
terwards entering into a like business con
nection with Hon. Ebenezer N. Briggs, with
whose son he is now engaged in the practice
of his profession at Brandon. Was appointed
assistant United States internal revenue as
sessor, in 1868, serving as such untU 1872.
Was elected state's attorney for Rutland
county, 1870 to 1874; town representative
from Brandon in the General Assembly of
the state in 1872, and senator from Rutland
county in that body in 1878. Appointed
and served as a trustee of the Vermont re
form school, from 1S80 till 1884, when he
was made Lieutenant-Governor of the state,
and was chosen Governor of the state in
1886. Araong many other positions of trust to
which he has been called, and in which he
has served with eminent abiUty, is that of
chairraan . of a comraission to treat with the
Pi Ute Indians, at Pyramid Lake, Nevada,
concerning the rehnquishment of a portion
of their reservation to the United States, to
which he was appointed by the President in
1891 ; the sarae year he was appointed by
the President as the United States land com-
raissioner at Samoa, the duties of which of
fice he discharged until May 16, 1893, when
he returned to this country and resumed the
practice of his profession.
The subject of this sketch has been hvice
married: In 1862, to Jennie L. Briggs,
daughter of Hon. E. N. Briggs, of Brandon;
and in 1867, to Frances (Wadhams) Daven
port, daughter of William L. Wadhams, of
Westport, N. Y.
Always an ardent RepubUcan in poUtics,
he has been an active member of the state
Republican committee, and a firm supporter
of the principles and policy of that party.
He is a raember of St. Paul's Lodge F.and
A. M., of Brandon, and has long been a
corarade of C. J. Orrasbee Post, No. 18, G.
A. R., an order at whose annual memorial
services he has been a speaker and partici
pant for many years.
His religious preference is that of Episco
paUan. He is now (1894) engaged in law practice
at Brandon.

0»-'C«.<-»^t-<.-4x-*^ J C.4feyix».*>4-'oLc-«--' -

294

PAINE.

PAGE.

PAINE, Milton Kendall, of Windsor,
son of Isaac and Martha Locke (Riggs)
Paine, was born in Boston, Mass., July 15,
1834. He is of English descent. When
Washington assuraed the command of the
Revolutionary forces at Cambridge, Milton's
great-great-grandfather, WiUiam Paine, then
in the eighty-third year of his age, entered
the camp accorapanied by his son and two
grandsons, and when the general questioned
him with regard to his own presence there,
he rephed that he was there to encourage his
son and grandsons and see that they did
their duty to their country.
Milton K. Paine received his educational
training at the coramon and high schools of
Chelsea, but before attaining his fifteenth
year he entered the drug store of A. & H.
Wardner of Windsor as clerk, and seven
years afterward started in that business in the

MILTON KENDALL PAINE.

same town, with a capital of S30, running in
debt for his entire stock. So successful was
he, owing to his prudence and energy, that
in two years he was free frora all pecuniary
obligations and had built up a trade that was
ever widely increasing. A raan of original
mind and natural inventive faculty, deveb
oped by careful observation, even in his
youthful days, he began the preparation of
perfumes by processes originated by himself,
and later compounded the "Wild Cherry
Tonic," which had an immense sale, not
only in the state, but in various parts of the
Union. His crowning effort was the inven

tion of Paine's Celery Compound, of which
the local sales were immediately enormous
and the medicine is now known and used'
throughout much of the civilized world. Mr,
Paine has also originated many appliances
for the economical manufacture of medi
cines, and has received several U. S. patents-
for articles of practical value. His health
failing after nearly forty years of arduous
application to his profession, he disposed of
his stock in trade, and on March 19, 1887,,
sold his interest in the Celery Compound to'
AVells & Richardson Co. of Burlington. He
retired from active business April 20, 1888,.
one of the oldest and most widely known
druggists of the state.
Mr. Paine was raarried in May, 1857,10
Helen A., daughter of Dr. Horace Austin of
Athol, Mass., whom he had the misfortune
to lose by death in Septeraber, 1864. She
left one daughter, Jennie Louise Paine, now
Mrs. W. R. Sheldon of Charlestown, N. H.
On May 6, 1872, he wedded Mrs.. Mary
(Lemmex) Smith, daughter of WUliam H.
and Elvira (Warner) Lemmex of Windsor.
Colonel Paine is an active Republican,
attesting his faith by his works, and hasheld
several ofificial positions. He was a member
of the staff of Governor Farnham in 1881,
receiving the rank of colonel, and in 1888
was elected the Windsor county member of
the state Republican coraraittee, which posi
tion he StiU holds. He is a justice of the
peace, and was for two years president of
the Vermont Pharmaceutical Association.
He was an incorporator, and has been for
four years past the treasurer of the Vermont
society, Sons of the American Revolution.
He is treasurer of the Old South Congrega
tional Church at Windsor, and superinten
dent of the Sabbath school.
In the Masonic order Colonel Paine has
ever taken a deep and abiding interest, and
in this has attained an eminent position,
having reached the 33d degree. He is one
of the senior members of the Supreme
Council in the state of Verraont.
PAGE, Carroll Smalley, of Hyde
Park, son of RusseU S. and Martiia Malvina
(Smalley) Page, was born in Westfield, Jan.
10, 1843.
He was educated at the People's Academy
at Morrisville, the Lamoille county gram
mar school of Johnson, and the Lamoille
Central Acaderay of Hyde Park.
Governor Page is identified witii many of
the iraportant business enterprises of his
county and state, being president of the
LaraoUle County Savings Bank and Trust
Co., of the LaraoUle County National Bank,
of the Hyde Park Hotel Co., and of the
Fife Luraber Co. He is the treasurer of the
Hyde Park Lumber Co., of the Morse Man-

ufacturing Co., of the Buck Lumber Co., and
a director of the St. J. & L. C. R. R.
Although always a very busy man he has
found tirae to give good service to his party
and to his state. He represented Hyde
Park in the House from 1869 to 1872, was
senator from LamoiUe county from 1874 to
1876, and was county treasurer and reg
ister of the probate court for the district of
LamoiUe for about ten years. In 1880 he
was a delegate to the Repubhcan national
convention at Chicago, that norainated
Jaraes A. Garfield for President. Frora 1872
to 1890 he was a member of the Repubhcan
state coraraittee, serving frora 1878 to 1884
as its secretary, and from 1884 to 1890 as its
chairraan, his chairmanship covering the
notable campaign of 1888.
As a financier he became weU known to
the people of the state while filUng the office
of inspector of finance (examiner of savings
banks) from 1884 to 1888. In 1890 hewas
elected Governor — the highest office in the
gift of the people. To this position, which
he fiUed tiU 1892, he brought the same ad
ministrative ability that has characterized
the conduct of his private affairs.
But first and always a business raan, it is
not in political or official life that Governor
Page's reputation has becorae most widely
extended, but rather as a dealer in Green
Caff Skins, in which line of business his trade
is confessedly the largest in Araerica, if not in
the world, extending not only to the Pacific
coast, but through aU the British provinces
in Araerica, and to England, France and
Gerraany. Governor Page is a Mason, an Odd Fel
low, and a raeraber of the Society of the Sons
of the Araerican Revolution.
AprU II, 1865, Mr. Page was united in
raarriage to Ellen F., youngest daughter of
T. H. and Desderaona Patch, of Johnson.
They have three children : Theophilus HuU,
RusseU Sraith, and AUce.
PARK, Trenor William, late of Ben
nington, son of Luther and Cynthia (Pratt)
Park, was born in Woodford, Dec. 8, 1823.
His parents reraoved to Bennington when
he was two or three years of age, and as they
were poor he had few educational advan
tages, but in his earliest youth hg contrived
to contribute something to the famly sup
port. Resolving to adopt the legal profes
sion he began to study law in an office in
the town when only sixteen, and a few years
later he vcas adraitted to the bar. In 1852
a political appointraent changed the whole
current of his life, and interrupted a suc
cessful professional career in Bennington.
His father-in-law, ex-Gov. Hiland Hall, had
been selected by President FiUraore as
chairraan of the U. S. land coramission of
California, to settie disputed land tities in

the territory lately acquired from Mexico.
This appointment induced Mr. Park to re
move to San Francisco, where his skill and
success in the manageraent of his first case
attracted the attention of the newly estab
Ushed firm of Halleck, Peachy & Billings
and he was invited to become a member of
that concern. This offer he accepted, and
the firm soon became, and continued for
years, the raost erainent one in California.
Mr. Park becarae prominentiy identified
with the reform moveraent in San Francisco
in 1855, and assisted Jaraes King to estab
lish the San Francisco BuUetin, and after
the assassination of that editor in the streets
of the city, he becarae the attorney of the
historic vigilance coramittee, which de
livered San Francisco from the reign of
terror established by lawlessness and ruffian
ism. The coramercial panic of 1858 swept
away a considerable portion of the large
fortune which Mr. Park had acquired, but he
soon recovered his lost ground. About this
time he became interested in politics, and
was a candidate for U. S. senator, lacking
but few votes of an election. Returning to
Verraont in 1863, he estabhshed the First
National Bank at North Bennington, and
soon after was elected to the Legislature,
exercising great influence in that body. He
now gave his attention to a number of rail
road enterprises in his native state, assisted
in the reorganization of the Vermont Central,
and was one of the original incorporators of
that company under its new title. He pur
chased the '\\^estern Vermont R. R.,
and coramenced the construction of the
Lebanon Springs R. R., hoping to make
Bennington an important railroad cen
ter, but not raeeting with adequate co
operation he sank a large fortune in this
latter patriotic enterprise. In 1872 Mr.
Park was associated with General Baxter in
the ownership and conduct of the famous
Eraraa Mine, and he was for many years a
director of the Pacific Mail Steamship Co.
In 1874 he was elected president of the
Panama R. R., holding the ofifice till the
tirae of his death. Under his skillful man
ageraent, and with the able assistance of
Gen. J. G. McCuUough the stock rose from
par to three hundred cents on the dollar, at
which price it was sold to the De Lesseps
Canal Co. Mr. Park was pre-eminently a
public-spirited man. When a trustee of the
U. V. M. he donated to that institution the
art gallery which bears his narae. He was a
liberal contributor to the New York Tribune
"Fresh Air Fund," estabhshed the Benning
ton Free Library, and with ex-Governor
Prescott of New Harapshire, ex-Governor
Rice of Massachusetts, and E. J. Phelps of
BurUngton, constituted a committee on the
design of the Bennington battie monument.
He also contemplated a raagnificent chanty

PARKER.

PARKER.

to be entitled the "Park Home," to be
established in Bennington, a refuge for desti
tute women and children. Unfortunately
his death occurred before his plans could be
completed, and a large property which had
been secured near the town as the site of
the new charity was donated to the state by
his heirs and is now occupied by the Soldiers'
Home. Mr. Park was married Dec. 15, 1846, to
Laura, daughter or ex-Gov. Hiland Hall, of
Bennington. He had the raisfortune to lose
this estimable lady in June, 1875. He es
poused as his second wife, Ella, daughter of
A. C. Nichols, Esq., of San Francisco. His
own death occurred in 1882, while en route
to Panama. One son, Trenor L., and two
daughters (Mrs. J. G. McCuUough and Mrs.
Fred B. Jennings), survive him.
The energy, perseveranc, and public spirit
of Mr. Park carried hira from the humblest
circumstances in youth to a manhood of
noble attainments, and his enterprises pro
cured for him the possession of great wealth,
a large portion of which he conscientiously
eraployed, not in selfish self-indulgence, but
for the benefit and assistance of his fellow-
raen. PARKER, Charles S., of Elmore, son
of Henry C. and Mary (Batchelder) Parker,
was born in Barre, Nov. 2, 1820.
He availed himself of the educational fa
cUities afforded by the comraon school and
acaderay of the tirae, and in early life was
both teacher and farra laborer, but soon de
voted aU his attention to the tillage of the
soil and has followed this occupation through
the course of a long and honorable life. He
has now practically retired frora active pur
suits, but can look back with satisfaction
upon his career, contented with the success
he has achieved.
Mr. Parker prides hiraseU upon the fact
that he was the first to introduce the breed
ing of J ersey cattle into Lamoille county and
he possesses at the, present time a fine herd
of thirty thoroughbreds. For two years he
has been the president of the Lamoille
County Agricultural Society, and is a recog
nized authority in aU matters pertaining to
the cultivation of the farm or the breeding
of stock.
Frora the formation of the party Mr. Par
ker was a Repubhcan, but since 1884 he has
identified himseU with the Prohibitionists.
He has served as sheriff of Lamoille county
and was elected associate judge in i867-'68,
county commissioner in 1867, and repre
sented the town of Elmore in i863-'64. He
has also been county baiUff and justice of the
peace. He has been a meinber of the M. E.
Church for raore than fifty years, and is the

oldest living steward of that church in town.
He has also been adraitted to the Masonic
fraternity and is a raeraber of Mt. Vernon
Lodge in MorrisviUe.

CHARLES S. PARKER.

Judge Parker was married, Oct. 17, 1842,
to Eliza A., daughter of Seth and Susan
(Sherman) Town. To them have been born
five children : Carlos S., Natt S., Henry C,
Candace A. (wife of Rev. D. B. McKenzie
of Troy, N. Y.), and Ellen F. (widow of the
late J. H. Batchelder of Barre).
PARKER, Harry Elwood, of Bradford,
son of Charles and Ameha (Bennett) Parker,
was born in the town of Lyman, N. H., June
II, 1853- , , ,
His education was received in the local
schools of Lyman and at Lisbon Academy,
in which town his family took up their resi
dence in 1863. Possessing fine musical
ability, he devoted himself to the study of
this art for several years, and at the age of
sixteen was the leader of a military band in
Marion, Va. In 1869 he commenced to
learn the trade of a printer, reUnquished it
for a time, but resumed this occupation in
1872. Five years later he commenced the
publication of the Lisbon Globe, a small five-
column sheet, and in 1881 he removed to
Bradford, consolidated the rival papers of
the place and established the United Opinion.
Under his able management the circulation
of the paper has largely increased. Mr.
Parker is also half owner of the Record,

:..jd.

PARKER

PARKER.

299

Plyraouth, N. H., and the Northern Herald
of Lisbon, N. H., in addition to which he
does a large job printing business, the ar
rangements for which, including a spacious
and convenient buUding, are said to be supe
rior to any country establishment of its kind
in New England. He is president of the
Opinion Mfg. Co. (newspaper folders), and
president of the Bradford Loan and BuUding
Association.

HARRY ELWOOD PARKER.
In 1878 he was chosen engrossing clerk
of the New Hampshire Legislature, a lucra
tive and responsible position, to which he
was again elected in 1879 and 1880. His
busy life has not given him rauch leisure for
attention to public afifairs, but he was ap
pointed postraaster for the town of Bradford
in 1890. He is the president of the Ver
mont Editors and Publishers Association for
1893, and he has been selected by Governor
Fuller to serve as aid-de-camp upon his staff
with the rank of colonel.
Colonel Parker is very prorainent in the
circles of Odd FeUowship, being P. C. P. of
Trotter Encarapraent of Bradford, and grand
secretary of the Grand Lodge of Verraont,
having held that position since 1887. He
is also a Free Mason, affiliating with Char
ity Lodge, No. 43 ; Mt. Lebanon Chapter,
No. II, R. A. M. ; Bradford Council, No. 11,
of Bradford; Palestine Coramandery, No. 5,
of St. Johnsbury, and Mt. Sinai Teraple,
Nobles of the Mystic Shrine of Montpelier.

He is deputy suprerae regent of the Royal
Arcanura. He was raarried at Nashua, N. H., Sept.
24, 1873, to Anna M., daughter of WUliara
S. and Sarah (Emerson) Weston. Five
children have blessed their union : Leslie
Weston (died in infancy), Katherine Louise,
Sarah Knowles, Charles, and Levi.
Colonel Parker is a spirited advocate of
all village improvements, heartily devoted
to the interests of his town and section,
always on the alert to introduce new enter
prises, and a progressive and popular editor.
PARKER, Henry J., of Andover, son
of Benjamin and Betsey (FuUara) Parker,
was born in Plainfield, N. H., May 2, 1836.
After attending the common schools, he
continued his educational course at the
Wesleyan Seminary of Springfield, and the
KimbaU Union Academy of Meriden, N. H.
In the spring of 1855, he found eraployment
in Boston, Mass., as a bookkeeper, but soon
went to Ottawa, 111., where he obtained his
living by teaching and also served as a
clerk in various establishments for four
years, when he returned to Springfield.

HENRY J. PARKER.
He was united in raarriage, Nov. 9, 1859,
to Adelaide E., daughter of Timothy and
Emily Putnam of Springfield. One child
has blessed the marriage : Edwin H.
Mr. Parker in response to the call for
volunteers to serve for nine months, enlisted
Sept. I, 1862, in Co. H, i6th Regt., from

300

PARKER.

PARTRIDGE.

the town of Weston and was raustered out
with that coraraand.
After his return from the scenes of the
struggle, he purchased an estate in Andover
and this has since been his residence. He
has made many improvements in the
property, since he understands both the
theory and practice of farming, making a
specialty of dairy produce and maple sugar.
For a quarter of a century he has been the
general state agent for the Granite State
Mowing Machine Co., of Hinsdale, N. H.,
and has traveled several years in the in
terests of A. P. Fuller & Co., dealers in
granite and marble. He was one of the
incorporators and a trustee of the Chester
Savings Bank and since its forraation direc
tor and treasurer of the Andover Dairy Asso
ciation. Through the confidence of his Republican
associates, Mr. Parker has held nearly all
the positions of trust and responsibility in
the town, which he represented in 1874.
Fourteen years later he was caUed to a seat
in the Senate frora Windsor county. Both
these positions he filled with dignity and
credit. PARKER, LUTHER Fletcher, of
Peacham, son of Isaac and Arabella (Cobb)
Parker, was born in Coventry, Sept. 22,
1821. The early education of Mr. Luther Parker
was obtained in the schools of Coventry and
in Brownington and Peacham Academies,
and whUe a student he taught in Coventry
and the neighboring towns. In 1844 he
entered the U. V. M., but after remaining
two years was obliged to leave the university
on account of Ubhealth, when he again
taught for two years at Coventry FaUs. He
then coraraenced the study of raedicine in
the office of Dr. G. W. Cobb, of Peachara,
and after the latter's death continued with
his successor. Dr. Farr, attending a course
of lectures at Dartmouth and Woodstock.
He was subsequently requested by Dr.
Brewer, of Barnet, to assurae his large prac
tice, which he retained tUl his reraoval to
Peachara, when he purchased the profes
sional connection of Dr. Farr. In 1864 he
received the diploma of M. D. from Dart
raouth CoUege. For forty years he has had
a large and extensive practice, has kept
fully abreast with the great advance of
raedical science for the past half century,
and has gained a high reputation as a con
sulting physician in all the surrounding
country. Dr. Parker is the proprietor of a
farra in Peacham, which he hiraself operates.
Forraerly a whig, but now a Republican,
though often sought for political ofifice, he
has always refused to serve, except in 1886
and 1888, when he represented Peachara in

the Legislature, in both sessions being a
raember of the temperance and ways and
means committees. He has always been
active in securing and enforcing prohibitory
laws. He was sent, after the batde of the
Wilderness, in charge of a sum of money
collected in Peacham for the sanitary com
raission. When he arrived at the front the
exigency of the occasion was so great that
he gave his professional services freely to
the wounded in that great battie.

LUTHER FLETCHER PARKER.
He has been a raeraber of several medical
societies, of Peachara Congregational Church,
the Verraont Horae Missionary Society, and
always a generous contributor to different
religious organizations.
Dr. Parker married, June 6, 1850, Louisa,
daughter of Deacon Moses and Jane Adel-
aine (Martin) Martin, of Peacham. Of this
union are issue: Mrs. E. C. Hardy, of
Fraraingham, Mass. ; Mrs. W. H. Bayley, of
Peacham ; Mrs. G. B. M. Flarvey. of New
York; H. M., of Minneapolis, Minn., and
Lizzie A.
PARTRIDGE, FRANK CHARLES, of
Proctor, son of Charies F. and Sarah A.
(Rice) Partridge, was born in East Middle
bury, May 7, 1861. ,
He graduated from the Middlebury hign
school with the class of '77, and followed
this with one term at Middlebury College.
Entering Amherst CoUege in the faU of 1876,
he graduated in 1882 at the head of his class,
receiving the degree of A. B., and was pres-

PARTRIDGE.

PARTRIDGE.

301

ident of his class. In the faU of 1882 he
entered Columbia CoUege Law School, and
graduated in 1884 with the degree of L. L. B.
Mr. Partridge was admitted to practice in
the Supreme Court of Vermont in 1885, and
in the United States Supreme Court in 1 89 1 .
He was assistant manager of the Producers
Marble Co. of Rutiand from 1884 to 1885,
when he removed to Proctor, where he be
came treasurer of the Verraont Marble Co.,
serving in that capacity until 1890, since
which tirae he has been vice-president. He
is also vice-president of the Clarendon &
Pittsford Railroad Co., and a director of the
Proctor Trust Co.

FRANK CHARLES PARTRIDGE.
Politically, Mr. Partridge has always been a
Repubhcan, and though young in years has
been honored with elections to raany posi
tions of trust. He was a page in the Senate
of 1876, page to the Governor in 1878;
town clerk of the town of Proctor, i887-'90,
and town agent and school trustee. He was
private secretary to Secretary of War Proc
tor from 1889 to 1890. June 10, 1890, he
was appointed solicitor for the Departraent
of State by the President to succeed Walker
Blaine. He served as law ofificer of that
department during the last two years of Sec
retary Blaine's adrainistration, and under the
adrainistration of Secretary Foster until Jan.
25, 1893, when he was appointed Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
of the United States to Venezuela, which
position he stiU holds.

A young raan of great native abihty and
strong character, Mr. Partridge owes his
success in hfe to his own energies.
PARTRIDGE, HENRY V., of Norwich, son
of Capt. Alden and Ann Ehzabeth (Swazey)
Partridge, was born in Norwich, Dec. 10,
1839. His father, Capt. Alden Partridge,
was born in Norwich, Jan. 12, 1785, and was
the son of a Revolutionary soldier. Captain
Partridge graduated frora West Point in
1806, having entered that institution in 1805,
his junior year at Dartraouth CoUege. The
following year he was appointed professor of
mathematics at the military school of the
United States and the September foUowing
was made professor of engineering. After
ward he was proraoted to the post of super
intendent of the school and discharged the
duties of that position, with one or more in
termissions, until 18 18, when he resigned
and went out in charge of a surveying party
sent to the northeast frontier of the United
States in order to determine the boundary
line. In 1820 Captain Partridge founded
the American Literary, Scientific and Mili
tary Acaderay at Norwich, which he taught
with rauch success until 1825 when he re
raoved the school to Middletown, Conn. In
1832 Captain Partridge returned to Nor
wich and reopened the school. Two years
after a charter was obtained from the Legis
lature and the academy became a military
college with Captain Partridge as its first
president. Under his supervision the insti
tution ranked second only to the National
Academy. Captain Partridge died at Nor
wich, Jan. 17, 1854.
The subject of this sketch received his
education in the public schools of Norwich,
from private instruction, and at Bristol Col
lege, Penn. In 1859 he went to IlUnois
where he entered an ofifice for the purpose
of raaking himself a member of the legal pro
fession, and a year after removed to Warren,
Penn., to continue his studies.
In April, 1861, he responded to President
Lincoln's first call for troops and raised a
corapany of the 39th Regt. Pa. Vols, (roth
Reserves), McCaU's Division. He partici
pated first in the battle of Gainesville and
afterward in McCleUan's Peninsular cam
paign, but was dischaarged for physical dis
ability in August, 1862. In 1863 he was
appointed to a position in the paymaster
general's ofifice at Washington and reraained
in that capacity about three years. Then
he became an attorney for the Union Paper
Collar Co. of New York, continuing in their
service for five years. Since that time he
has raade his residence at Colbrook, Conn.,
and Norwich, frora which latter town he was
elected to the Legislature in 1882.

302

PEARL.

PEASE.

PEARL, ISAAC L., of Johnson, son of
Zimri A. and Eliza (Blake) Pearl was born
in MiUon, Nov. 17, 1832.
His father was a woolen raanufacturer,
and, after pursuing the customary educa
tional course at the public schools and the
MUton Acaderay, the son concluded to
follow the same business ; and in order to
give himself a thorough training in his
chosen occupation, he commenced to work
in the Winooski "Woolen MiUs. He then
shifted the scene of his labors to the estab
lishment of Messrs. S. & D. M. Dow in
Johnson, and, on the death of the latter,
purchased a half interest in the factory,
where, in partnership with Stephen Dow, he
continued the business eight years. Mr.
Dow then withdrew, but after some changes
in the firm again renewed his interest. In
April, 1871, the mill was burned and irarae
diately rebuUt and since then for twenty
years the business has been successfuUy con
ducted by the firra of I. L. Pearl & Co. Mr.
Pearl coraraenced at the foot of the ladder,
learning every detail of the business and
from the completeness of his early training,
has been able successfully to mount to the
top, and has seen the fruition of his hopes in
the fine factory and increased business, that
have crowned the efforts of his lifetime.
He was raarried, March 11, 1858, to
Hattie N., daughter of Sylvester N. and
Caroline (Green) Tracey. Four children
are issue of their aUiance, three of whom are
living : Jed. A., Flora A., and Lizzie H.
Mr. Pearl is a director of the Lamoille
County National Bank of Hyde Park, and
has been for a long time secretary of the
board of trustees of the Johnson State Nor
mal School. Four times he has filled the
chair of Worshipful Master of Waterman
Lodge, No. 83, F. & A. M., of Johnson, and
he is also a member of the I. O. G. T.
In his political preference a Republican,
he was elected judge of probate of Lamoille
county in 1870, was county coraraissioner
for four years and for a quarter of century
has been auditor. He was honored by be
ing the choice of his fellow-townsraen to
represent thera in the state Legislature of
1888, and in that body was chairraan of the
raanufacturing coraraittee.
PEASE, Allen Luther, of Hartford,
son of Luther and Harriet (Cone) Pease, was
born in Hartford, Sept. 8, 1843. His father
was a successful and enterprising business
raan in Hartford, in whose pubhc affairs he
was always prorainent.
Mr. A. L. Pease passed through the cus
tomary course of education in the common
schools and then received a higher grade of
instruction in Kimball Union Acaderay, of
Meriden, N. H.

Shortly after he arrived at man's estate, he
emigrated to Kansas and there engaged in
mercantile pursuits, being an active partici
pant in the stirring scenes of that period.
After remaining six years, he returned to
Hartford and became a raeraber of the firm
of L. Pease & Son, dealers in hardware and
agricultural impleraents. This business he
has successfully conducted for twenty-three
years, during the last seventeen of which he
has been sole proprietor. He has also been
largely interested in real estate and has
erected many buildings, notably the Pease
Hotel. Mr. Pease has been a director of the
White River Savings Bank, and was one of
the incorporators of the Capital Savings Bank
and Trust Co., of Montpelier.

ALLEN LUTHER PEASE.

An ardent adherent of the RepubUcan
party, he was sent to the Legislature in 1884,
where he served on the committee on corpo
rations. In 1890, he was chosen senator
from Windsor county, and in this branch of
the Legislature was chairman of the state
prison committee and raeraber of that on
claims. He held the appointment of post
master from 1881 to 1884.
Mr. Pease espoused, Jan. 28, 1869, Sophia
M., daughter of Chandler and Roxanna
(Huntting) Ward, of Lawrence, Kan.
He is an eminent meraber of the Masonic
fraternity in which he has taken a deep and
abiding interest for thirty years. During this
period he has passed through the va riou
bodies of the craft, until he has attained

PECK.

PECK.

303

the 32d degree. At the present time
he sits in the master's chair in Hartford
Lodge No. 19, is a raeraber of Windsor Chap
ter No. 6, R. A. M., Windsor Council No. 8,
R. & S. M., and Verraont Comraandery No.
4, K. T.
PECK, Cicero Goddard, of Hines
burgh, son of Nahura and Lucinda (Wheeler)
Peck, was born in the quiet village of Hines
burgh, Feb. 17, 1828. His father, Nahura
Peck, was a distinguished lawyer, and at the
tirae df his death was the oldest practitioner
in Chittenden county. Cicero G. Peck is a
descendant in the eighth generation frora
Joseph Peck, who in 1638, with other Puri
tans of Beiton, Yorkshire, England, fled
frora the persecution of the Established
church to this country to secure for them
selves freedom of' thought, speech, and
action.

CICERO GODDARD PECK.
Cicero G. was educated in the common
schools and at the old Hinesburgh Academy,
in which institution he prepared, at the age
of twenty, for a regular coUegiate course,
but his health failed and he was forced,
though reluctantiy, to abandon his cher
ished hope of a Uberal education, and to
seek outdoor employment. He therefore
engaged in agricultural occupations, in which
he has been quite successful, and has,
therefore, reraained on a farra all his life,
though he has devoted a good deal of time
to other affairs, having been called on fre

quently to act as executor or administrator
in the settlement of iraportant estates in the
vicinity. He has enjoyed the entire confidence of
his townsraen, as is evinced by the fact that
he has been caUed to every ofifice within
their gift, and several of these he has fiUed
many times. He has been chosen to fiU the
position of selectman seven consecutive
years. He has always taken an active
interest in aU pubUc institutions or in any
movement to advance the welfare of the ag
ricultural portion of the community. In
1864 he took a leading part in organizing
the Valley Factory Cheese Co., which has
been in successful operation under his super
vision, and has been a great financial benefit
to the farraers of the town.
In early life he identified hiraself with the
Free Soil party, and was always a strong op
ponent of the aggressions of the slave power,
and since the organization of the Republican
party has been a firra adherent to its princi
ples. In 1878 the Repubhcans of Chitten
den county, recognizing his loyalty to the
political principles which he professes, and
his fitness for the position, elected hira to
represent the county in the state Senate,
where he served on the coramittee on edu
cation, grand Ust, and chairraan of the cora
raittee under the fourth joint rule. In 1890
he was chosen by his townsmen to represent
his town in the Legislature, also being a
member at the extra session of 189 1. As
a member of the House he served on the
committee of joint rules, as chairman of the
joint special coramittee on industrial mat
ters, and again on the committee on educa
tion, taking an active part in urging the
adoption of the town systera of schools.
He has always taken a lively and active
part in all educational raatters, has been a
member of the school board for fifteen years,
and town superintendent frora 1877 to 1884,.
inclusive, and again frora 1891 to 1894. Un
der the school law of 1888 he was chosen a
member of the board of education, which of
fice he filled while this law reraained in force.
By this board he was chosen coraraittee for
the selection of text books for the county,
having twice before served on a like com
mittee. At the session of 1892 he was nora
inated by Governor Fuller and confirmed by
the Senate as trustee of the state reforra
school for six years, from Dec. i, 1892. In
June, 1893, he was honored by Governor
FuUer as one of the appointees to the inter
national congress of charities, correction and
philanthropy, held at Chicago, June 12-18,
1893. He has been an outspoken and earnest
advocate of temperance, always favoring all
organizations having for their chief aim the
suppression of the vice of intemperance, and

304

PECK.

PECK.

for several years when the order of Good
Teraplars was active, was worthy chief of the
lodge in his town. In early life he identi
fied hiraseU with the Methodist Episcopal
church, and has always been an active and
liberal supporter of all the interests of the
church of his choice.
He was raarried at Hinesburgh, March 29,
1854, to Maria P., daughter of Selah and
Phoebe (RusseU) Coleman, of Hinesburgh.
He has no children of his own, but has an
adopted daughter, Lucy, now married to
Rev. M. R. France, of Cobleskill, N. Y.
PECK, Marcus, of Brookfield, son of
Reuben and Hannah G. (Edson) Peck, was
born in Brookfield, Jan. 26, 1834. Reuben
Peck was a life-long resident and successful
business raan in the town of Brookfield, and
inseparably connected with the agricultural,
coramercial and raanufacturing interests of
the place, living to the patriarchal age of
eighty-five.

\

MARCUS PECK.
Marcus received his educational advan
tages in the common schools, and at the
academies of Newbury and Barre. Soon
after he arrived at years of discretion he
coraraenced the sale of hay forks, and has
pursued this occupation more or less ever
since. He has had the general management
of the manufacture and sale of this article
since 1870, and is now sole proprietor of the
business, which is conducted under the firm
name of Peck, Clark & Co. They also turn
out garden rakes, hoes and cant hooks, for

which they find a ready sale throughout
New England and New York, and the merit
of the product is too well known to require
comment. Mr. Peck was formerly largely
interested in cheese factories, and at the
present time is extensively engaged in farm
ing in Brookfield and adjoining towns.
He was elected by the Republican vote
senator from Orange county in 1880, serv
ing on many iraportant coraraittees. He was
a charter raeraber of Mystic Lodge, No. 97,
F. & A. M., the position of worshipful mas
ter of which he has filled nine terms.
Mr. Peck married, June 26, 1859, Mary
E., daughter of Erastus and Electa (Brown)
Wilcox, who bore hira four children : One
who died at the age of eleven, Bessie Fran
ces (deceased), Mary Stella (Mrs. Arthur
Lyraan of Rutland), and Marcia L. His
first wife died in 1872, and he contracted a
second alliance in January, 1873, ''^ith Mrs.
Adeline (Abbott) Wheatley, daughter of
Walter and Sarah Abbott.
Mr. Peck has been active in church work
for over forty years, and has been one of the
ofificers ofthe Second Congregational Church
for the last fifteen years.
PECK, Theodore Safford, of Burl
ington, was born in Burlington, March 22,
1843. He enlisted at the age of eighteen as
private in Co. F, ist Vt. Cavalry, Sept. i,
1 861; raustered into the United States ser
vice, Nov. I, 1861 ; transferred to Co. K,
and discharged for proraotion, June 25,
1862 ; appointed, by Col. George Jerrison
Stannard, regimental quartermaster-sergeant,
9th Regt., Vt. Infantry, June 25, 1862 ; pro
moted 2d Ueutenant, Co. C, Jan. 7, 1863;
proraoted ist lieutenant, Co. H, June 10,
1864; acting regiraental quartermaster and
adjutant, also acting assistant adjutant-gen
eral, aid-de-camp, and brigade quartermas
ter, 2d Brigade, 2d Division, i8th Army
Corps ; promoted captain and assistant quar-
terraaster. United States Volunteers, March
II, 1865 ; assigned to ist Brigade, 3d Divi
sion, 24th Army Corps. He served on the
staffs of Brevet Maj. Gen. George J. Stan
nard, Brig.-Gen. Isaac J. Wistar at Suffolk,
Va., Brig.-Gen. Joseph H. Potter, Brevet
Brig.-Gen. Michael T. Donahue, and Brevet
Brig.-Gen. Edward H. Ripley, in the trenches
in front of Petersburg and Richmond, Va.
In the Vermont cavalry he was present in
action at Middletown and Winchester, Va.,
May 24 and 25, 1862 ; in the 9th Regt.,
Winchester, August, and Harper's Ferry,
Va., Sept. 13, 14 and 15, 1862 (captured
and paroled) ; siege of Suffolk, Nansemond,
Edenton Road, Blackwater, May, 1863;
Yorktown and raid to Gloucester Court
House, Va., July and August, 1863; action
of Young's Cross Roads, December, 1863;

PECK.

PECKETT.

305

Newport Barracks, Feb. 2, 1864; raid to
Swansborough and Jacksonville, N. C, May,
1864 ; Fort Harrison, Sept. 29 and 30, 1864 ;
Fair Oaks, Va., Oct. 29, 1864; was present
in New York City commanding a battalion,
9th Vt. Regt., in Noveraber, 1864, at the
second election of President Lincoln. He
was also present in the siege (winter, 1864,
and spring, 1865) and capture of Richraond,
Va., and was with the first organized command
of infantry (3d Brigade, 3d Division, 24th
Army Corps) to enter the confederate capital
at the surrender on the raorning of April 3,
1 865 ; his brigade was also provost guard of the
city for two weeks after its capture. He was
wounded Sept. 29, 1864, in the assault of
Fort Harrison, Va. He received a medal of

THEODORE SAFFORD PECK.

honor inscribed as follows : "The Congress
to ist Lieut Theodore S. Peck, Co. H, 9th
Vti Vols., for gallantry in action at Newport
Barracks, N. C, Feb. 2, 1864."
Captain Peck was mustered out of the
UnUed States service on account of the close
of the war, June 23, 1865, having served
nearly four years as a private in the ranks,
an officer in the line and on the staff, a raera
ber of the cavalry corps and also of the
ist, 4th, 9th, i8th, and 24th army corps in
the armies of the Potomac and the James.
The governraent at the close of the war offered
him two commissions in the regular army,
which were declined.
Upon his return to Vermont he was ap
pointed chief of staff, whh rank of colonel,

by Governor John W. Stewart ; afterwards
colonel of the first and only regiraent of in
fantry of the state, which position he held
for eight years. In 1869 appointed assist
ant adjutant-general of the G. A. R. depart
ment of Vermont, and by his energy and tact
saved the order frora going to pieces ; in
1872, senior vice coramander, and in 1876-
'77 department commander. In 1881 he
was appointed adjutant-general of Vermont,
with rank of brigadier-general, and is on
duty in this ofifice at the present time. He
is a charter member of the A^erraont Com
mandery Military Order of the Loyal Legion
and was a vice president-general of the
National Society, Sons of Araerican Revolu
tion. He had four ancestors in the Revolu
tionary war and one in the war of 181 2.
General Peck was appointed by President
Harrison a raeraber of the board of visitors
at the United States Military Acaderay at
West Point in 1891.
He is a resident of Burlington, following
the business of general insurance, and repre
senting fire, life, raarine and accident cora-
panies, the aggregate capital of which
araounts to about ^300,000,000, the business
extending throughout the United States and
Canada. On the 29th of October, 1879, he raarried
Agnes Louise, daughter of the late WiUiara
Leslie of Toronto, Ont. They have one
chUd : Mary Agnes Leslie.
General Peck is a raan of public spirit and
enterprise. In politics he is a loyal Repub
lican. He is a raeraber of the Masonic and
other fraternities, and was for ten years grand
raarshal of the Grand Lodge of 'Vermont.
PECKETT, John Barron, of Brad
ford, son of John Barron and Martha (Til
ton) Beckett, was born in Bradford, IDec.
19, 1822, and has always resided there.
His education was received at the public
schools of Bradford. His father was a dealer
in lumber, a farmer, and a business man who
was a prominent figure in the early history
of the town, of active energy and robust,
vigorous frarae. The son, though not cast
in the sarae iron mould, inherited many of
the raental traits of his parent.
At the age of fourteen years he entered
the eraployment of Asa Low, Esq., a prorai
nent merchant of the town. At his majority
he formed a partnership with Adaras Preston,
Esq., which continued three years. He then
engaged with his forraer employer and re
raained with hira until April, 1854. He
then purchased an interest in a large grist
raill and saw mill in Bradford, and formed a
partnership with Col. George W. Pritchard
& Sons, and for thirty-seven years was the
active raanager of this estabhshraent during
the existence of four firms. An immense

3o6

PECKETT.

PEMBER.

business was carried on in wood, lumber and
grain during the entire period. Mr. Beckett's
masterly raanageraent caused the respective
firras to stand high in financial circles, and
the business among the leading enterprises
of the state.
He enhsted in 1861 in the Bradford
Guards, ist Regt., and as ist Lieut, of that
company was present at the battle of Big
Bethel, being mustered out at the expiration
of his term of service. He is a meraber of
Washburn Post, No. 17, G. A. R.

JOHN BARRON PECKETT.

Mr. Peckett has held raany town ofifices,
but is perhaps best known as justice of the
peace, the duties of which he has perforraed
for twenty years.
He was united in marriage, Sept. 9, 1847,
to Carohne H., daughter of Asa and Lucinda
(Brooks) Low of Bradford. Two sons and
two daughters have been born to thera : Asa
Low (who at this writing is engaged in the
clairas departraent of the Boston & Maine
R. R. at Boston, Mass.), John B., Jr. (who is
an attorney at law at Bradford), Caroline
Frances (deceased at twenty), and Martha
L. (died in infancy).
Fie has conducted his business in such a
systeraatic raanner as to conduce both to
private and public prosperity. He has been
thoroughly identified with the financial pros
perity of the town of Bradford, and has
constructed raore buildings than any other
individual in the place. By his dilligence
and energy he has acquired a handsome
competency.

He was very influential in opening a road
on the west side of Lake Morey, in Fairiee
and frora the head of said lake to Bradford'
line. He has built a fine summer residence
upon a beautiful and comraanding point of
the shore of said lake, and is greatly interested
in the developraent of the locaUty.
The faraily for three generations have been
strong advocates of teraperance and emphat
ically in favor of an impartial enforcement
of the legal enactments to suppress the Uquor
traffic. PEMBER, Emmett R., of Wells, son of
Russell and Eraily (Bid well) Pember, was
born in Wells, Sept. 21, 1846.
He enjoyed such educational facilities as
were afforded by the public schools of Wells,
supplemented lay a course of study at the
Troy Conference Acaderay at Poultney, and
the Fort Edward Institute of Fort Edward,
N. Y. His arabition terapted him to follow
a professional life, but filial duty induced
hira to remain with his parents on the home
stead, and here he has devoted the larger
part of a useful life to agricultural pursuits.
Mr. Pember was united in matrimony at
Caroline, N. Y'., Oct. 3, 1872, to Carrie,
daughter of William and Julia A. (Barton)
Winchell. This union has been blessed
with five daughters and one son : Grace E.,
Celesta M., Julia E., Ernest W., Ruth A.,
and Ruble Alice.
Mr. Pember is an ardent Republican and
has continuously been the incumbent of
some town ofifice since he was twenty-one
years of age. He has served sixteen years
as chairman of the Republican town com
mittee and also several years on the Repub
lican county coramittee. He was elected
senator from Rutland county in 1880, serv
ing on the committees on agriculture and
highways and bridges. He enjoyed the dis
tinction of being the youngest member of
the Senate during that term, but notwith
standing his youth established a high reputa
tion as a careful, considerate and inteUigent
legislator. For two terras he has served
acceptably on the State Board of Agriculture.
He also has knelt at the altar of Freemasonry
and is connected with Morning Star Lodge,
No. 37, of Poultney. He has always been
actively identified with educational work
both in our common schools and Sunday
schools and several years of his earlier Ufe
were spent in teaching. Whatever tends to
promote the raoral, religious or material
interests of the community in which he lives,
or the state at large, ever finds in him a
faithful and zealous advocate.
PERKINS, Marsh Olin, of Windsor,
son of Henry Olin and Mary Eloise (Gid
dings) Perkins, was born in Rutiand, Feb.
7, 1849.

PERRY.

307

His early education, including a coUege
preparatory course, was obtained in the
public schools of Rutland. He entered
Middlebury CoUege and graduated in the
class of 1870. While stiU pursuing his
studies he made his first essay as an in
structor, and taught at Bridport, Hydeville
and Wallingford. He was raade principal
¦of the South Woodstock Acaderay in 1870.
The following year he was elected to a sirai
lar position in the Windsor high school,
which he occupied until 1880, when he
becarae editor of the Vermont Journal.
Mr. Perkins has always acted with the
Republican party and held many ofifices of
trust and responsibihty, among which raay
be mentioned that of school director con
tinuously from 1881 of both the town and
vUlage of Windsor. He was elected a mem
ber of the Legislature to represent the town
in 1882 and 1884, and four years after was
chosen a senator for Windsor county. In
1888 he was appointed by Governor DiUing
ham a raeraber of his staff with the rank of
•colonel. In Masonic circles Colonel Perkins has
been especially prominent, and at various
times has been the presiding ofificer of all
the bodies of the order in Windsor. He has
also most creditably fiUed a similar position
in the Grand Lodge, Grand Chapter and
Grand Comraandery of the state, and in
1884 was made honorary meraber of the
Suprerae Council Northern Masonic Juris
diction, A .. A :. S :. R .., U. S. A. In 1891
he was elected an active raember of the
same and deputy for Verraont.
He was united in raarriage, Dec. 31, 1878,
to Clara Alice, daughter of Lyraan J. and
Abbie (Locke) Mclndoe. Five chUdren
have been born to them : Locke Mclndoe,
GaU Giddings, Margaret Florinda and Ma-
:rion Eloise (twins), and Herbert Marsh.
PERRY, Elbridge, of Pomfret, son of
Asa and Martha Ann (Spooner) Perry, was
born at Pomfret, Sept. 2, 1846.
Educated in the public and private schools
¦of Barnard, at the age of twenty he left the
paternal roof and labored on various farms
for a period of five years. In April, 1872, he
purchased the estate on which he now resides
and which he has cultivated till the present
time. He is a substantial farmer and has
enjoyed a contented, though perhaps a sorae
what uneventful, career. On his farra he
raises large numbers of cows and sheep.
He belongs to the Republican party ; has
been road coraraissioner, school director, and
town representative to the Legislature of
1892. He has also served the town as select
man. Mr. Perry was raarried Jan. 26, 1870, to
Tiola, daughter of Smith and Caroline M.

(Hackett) Hodges, of Porafret. Five chil
dren have been born to thera : Mima A.,
Hermon S., Arthur A., Seth E., and Mildred
H. PERRY, James M., of Barre, son of
Daniel A. and Dulcina (Freeman) Perry,
was born in Plainfield, Feb. 28, 1838. His
father was a farraer of English descent, and
during his whole life resided in Plainfield,
where he was prorainent in civU life, and
was twice a raeraber of the Legislature. The
boyhood of James was passed on the old
homestead, where he divided his time be
tween labor on the farm and an attendance
at the common schools of Plainfield, and
Barre Academy.

JAMES M. PERRY
At the age of twenty-one Mr. Perry cora
menced his mercantUe life as a clerk in the
Union store of Barre ; this was a good
school, for the estabUshment was a financial
success. In 1864 he returned to his native
town and engaged in trade for four years.
He then, perceiving a fine business oppor
tunity in Barre, opened a large store in that
village, where he still continues to reside,
carrying on a large trade in dry goods and
boots and shoes. He is recognized as a
safe and successful financier and has been
prorainently identified with the monetary in
terests of the village. He has been for
twelve years and is still a director of the na
tional bank and also holds the ofifice of
president of the Barre Savings Bank and
Trust Co.

3o8

PHELPS.

Mr. Perry was married Feb. 16, 1869, to
Alma H., daughter of AUen and Betsey
(Nelson) Martin, of Barre. Four children
are issue of this union : J. Frank, Carl M.,
Edna D., and Dean H.
The orders of Masonry and Odd FeUows
claim Mr. Perry as a member. He belongs
to Granite Lodge, No. 35, F. & A. M., of
Barre, and to Royal Arch Chapter, No. 26,
and was one of the founders of Hiawatha
Lodge, No. 20, I. O. O. F.
He is a Repubhcan, and has received sev
eral ofifices in the gift of that party, has been
chairman of the board of village trustees and
also an active member of the town committee.
In 1890 he was elected to the House of Rep
resentatives and did good service as a mera
ber of the committee on claims.
PHELPS, BRIGHAM THOMAS, of ^Vest-
rainster, son of John and Judith H. (Brig
hara) Phelps, was born in Grafton, May 4,
1 84 1. In 1849 ^^ removed with his parents
to Walpole, N. H., reraaining there six years,
and from there to Westminster where he
now resides.
He was educated in the coramon schools
of Walpole, N. H., Westrainster Academy
and at the Bryant & Stratton Comraercial
College of San Francisco, Cal. He entered
business life m the eraployment of Brigham
& Balch, wholesale comraission merchants of
San Francisco, and there continued until
failing health admonished him that an out
door life was a necessity, and upon delibera
tion he decided to remove to Westminster
and engage in tobacco raising and general
farming, which he did in 1870.
Mr. Phelps is a Republican and is in full
sympathy with his party. In 18 71 he was
appointed deputy sherifif of Windham county
which office he held for ten years. He has
been called to serve his town in raany
ofificial capacities, as first constable, auditor,
tax coUector, and to represent it in the
Legislature, being elected to that body in
1888 and serving on the coramittee on
agriculture. Mr. Phelps responded to the nation's call
and in August, 1862, enlisted in Co. I, of
the 12th Vt. Vols., and was a corporal ofhis
company. His regiraent was ordered to the
defenses at Washington and was there in
Casey's Division and was afterwards attached
to the first corps (General Reynolds) of the
Array of the Potoraae, and honorably dis
charged July 14, 1863. In 1864 recruited
and was elected ist lieutenant Co. B, 12th
Regt. Vt. State Militia.
In social life Mr. Phelps takes a deep
interest. He is a meraber of E. H. Stough
ton Post, G. A. R., No. 34, of BeUows Falls,
and was its coraraander for two years, 1891-
'92, and of the Teraple Lodge, F. & A. M.,

PHELPS.
of Bellows Falls, also of the Chapter and of
the Hugh De Payen's Commandery of
Keene, N. H.
He was married, July, 1874, to Annie C,
daughter of Nodiah L. and Eliza A. (Bur
roughs) Holton of Westminster.

BRIGHAM THOMAS PHELPS.
Mr. and Mrs. Phelps are the inventors of
the Excelsior square systera of cutting ladies'
and chUdren's garments, which is of such
value that it has found its way into every
state in the Union. In recent years Mr.
Phelps has also conducted this business in
connection with the manageraent of his farm.
PHELPS, Edward John, of Burling
ton, son of Hon. Sarauel S. Phelps, was born
in Middlebury, July 11, 1822.
He received his education at Middlebury
college, graduating in 1840, and studied law
at the law school of Yale University, and in
the ofifice of Hon. Horatio Seyraour in Mid
dlebury. He was admitted to the bar in'
Addison county in Deceraber, 1843, and
after soraething more than a year of prac
tice in Middlebury, established himself as a
lawyer in Burlington.
In 185 1 the ofifice of second comptroller
in the treasury was unexpectedly offered to
Mr. Phelps by President Fillmore. As its-
duties would not require a cessation of pro
fessional practice, he accepted the office,
and held it through Mr. FiUraore's adminis
tration. He represented Burlington in the
Constitutional Convention of 1870, and was
raade president of the Araerican Bar Asso-

\

.^v-^.

310

PHELPS.

PHELPS.

elation in 1881. Mr. Phelps has been for
more than twenty years a trustee of the
Vermont State Library. He was appointed
professor of law in Yale College in the same
year, and gave a short course of lectures
before the law school of Boston University
upon constitutional law. Mr. Phelps was a
whig while that party continued organized
and active. Since that party ceased to be he
has regarded hiraself as an independent in
politics, not bound in fealty to any organized
party. In the raain, however, he has voted
for Deraocratic nominees. Inthe year 1880
he was the candidate of the Democratic
party of Vermont for the ofifice of Governor,
and received the largest vote ever cast in
Vermont for a Democratic aspirant to that
ofifice. Mr. Phelps was married in August, 1846,
to Mary, daughter of Hon Stephen Haight
of Burlington. Of this raarriage there are
surviving two sons and one daughter : Ed
ward, Mary (Mrs. Horatio Loorais of Bur
lington), and Charles Pierpoint.
The faculties and qualities by which he is
chiefly known and regarded have been mani
fested mainly in his vocation as a lawyer.
Yet, not only his arguraents to courts and
juries, but also his occasional addresses and
his professional lectures, show hira exten
sively conversant, frora scholarly study and
extensive reading, with a wide range of
learning outside of the law, and deeply ira-
bued with the text and spirit of the best
classics of our language, and familiar with
the current literature of the day.
Outside of the court room the public ex
hibitions of Mr. Phelps mark hira as one of
the best furnished, best-judging, and most
cultivated and accomplished of public speak
ers. There is but one expression in this
respect by those who heard his address on
Chief Justice Marshall at Saratoga before
the Araerican Bar Association in 1880, or his
address two years after on Araerican Legis
lation, or witnessed his presidency of the
Bennington Batde Centennial in 1877, or
heard him on Judge Prentiss before the Ver
mont Historical Society in 1882, or any
other of his public addresses.
Mr. Phelps has never cast his fortune or
plumed his arabUion in the line of politics.
What has been before stated as to his politi
cal relations and action as a citizen and
voter sufficiently explains him in this re
spect, however congenial and gratifying polit
ical life and political preferment might have
been to him under other auspices and con
ditions. His chosen status in his relation
to politics attests the ingenuousness of his
views, discordant as they raay be with the
common conception and sentiments of the
raajority of his state.

In 1885 he was appointed by President
Cleveland United States Minister to the
Court of St. Jaraes, and no one could have
more faithfully, ably and elegantiy discharged
the duties of that responsible ofifice. He
was leading counsel for the United States
before the Behring Sea Board of Arbitration
which held its sessions in Paris in 1893.
Although the public performance of this
most high professional engagement was in
the second Cleveland adrainistration his em
ployment and preparatory work in this great
international lawsuit was in the time of the
Harrison administration.
PHELPS, FREDERIC B., of Irasburg,
son of William and Maria ( Forward) Phelps,
was born in Belchertown Mass., Feb. 8,
1829.

^^^HP* VSh,

FREDERIC B. PHELPS.

\\'hile fitting for coUege at the academy
at Belchertown he was allured by the golden
promises of wealth offered in California in
1 849, ancl eraigrated to that state, where he
reraained for eight years, during which time
he acquired a thorough practical knowledge
of Spanish and other European languages.
On his return to the East he resumed his
studies and graduated frora the Hartford
Theological Serainary in 1870. He was
ordained and installed pastor of the Congre
gational church at Lowell, Oct. 18, 1870,
where he continued his ministerial services
for nine years, the latter portion of the time
also preaching in Westfield. In both these

PHILBRICK.
places many members were added to the
church through the energetic efforts of the
pastor. In 1879 he was installed at St.
Johnsbury East, where he remained four
years and finally, after six years of minister
ial labor in Massachusetts and New Harap
shire was called to Irasburg, where he is now
engaged in the labor of his profession.
During the twenty-three years of his pastoral
labors he has lost but three Sabbaths frora
sickness, and he has frequently aided in
revival work in parishes other than his own.
Rev. Mr. Phelps has twice entered the
married state. His first wife was Daraaris
S., daughter of Jared and JuUa (Storrs)
Clark, to whom he was united at Belcher
town, Mass., Jan. 10, 1859. She died five
years later having been the mother of two
sons, both of whom died in infancy. He
was again wedded at North Amherst, Mass.,
AprU 19, 1865, to Sarah T., daughter of
Daniel and Tararay (Eastraan) Dickinson.
By her he has had seven children : Frederic
William (deceased), Charles Dickinson,
Edith Sophia (deceased), Myron Austin, JuUa
Eastman, Florence Dell, and Isabelle Maud.
Mr. Phelps has been a Republican since
the formation of the party and was a mem
ber of the state convention that nominated
John A. Andrew for Governor of Massachu
setts. For four years he was superintendent
of schools in Lowell, and also served on
school committes' in Erving, Mass., and Sulli
van, N. H.
For sorae tirae he was chaplain of Mt.
Norris Lodge of G. T. at Lowell, and he
held a sirailar position in the lodge at
Erving, Mass.
PHILBRICK, JONATHAN, of Guildhall,
son of Thomas P. and Susan (Boston) PhU-
brick, was born at Bartlett, N. H., Oct. 26,
1836. His father was for many years a stage
driver ofthe old school, an eraployraent that
has fallen into disuse under the aggressive
and universal advance of the iron horse. He
reraoved to Maidstone when Jonathan was
six years old.
The latter received his education in the
schools of that place and also in those of
GuUdhaU. Leaving the paternal roof when
he had attained his eighteenth year, he was
for a period eraployed on various farras in
the vicinity. Later he reraoved to Holyoke,
Mass., and labored in a paper raill for two
years. He then made his residence in Bos
ton where he was engaged by the Boston and
Providence R. R. Corporation to serve them,
first as fireman and afterward as locomotive
engineer, and in this responsible capacity
he remained, careful and dUigent in the per
formance ofhis duties for twenty-nine years.
In 1858 he purchased the estate where he
now lives and as a solace to the declining

PHILLIPS.

311

years of his father, settled his parent in this
comfortable horae and thirty years after took
possession of the property hiraself and frora
that time has made it his abode. In every
way he has iraproved the farra which, under
his vigorous and successful raanageraent, has
always furnished abundant and reraunerative
crops. Mr. PhUbrick is a Democrat, but though
belonging to the minority party, received
the compliment of an election to represent
GuUdhaU in the Legislature of 1892, and he
has also filled the position of selectraan in
the town. He is a raeraber of the Brother
hood of Locomotive Engineers.
He was united to Amelia F., daughter of
E. M. and Mary (Boston) Hayes of Boston,
Oct 25, 1876.
PHILLIPS, GEORGE HENRY, of Put
ney, son of Aaron Jones and Susan (Walker)
PhiUips, was born in Athol, Mass., May 3,
1836.

¦f

»¦

GEORGE HENRY PHILLIPS.
He raoved with his parents to WinhaU at
an early age, and it was here that he received
his early educational training by attending
school during the winter season and laboring
during the suraraer on the farm, as was cus
tomary in those days.
On the 28th day of August, 1862, Mr.
PhiUips enlisted as a private in Co. C, 14th
Vt. Vols., and was proraoted through suc
cessive grades to that of orderly sergeant,
which rank he continued to hold until his

312

PHILLIPS.

PHINNEY.

discharge in 1863. He is a member of
Greenwood Post, No. 90, G. A. R., of Put
ney, and has always taken an active part in
its work.
In 1864, after his return frora the war, he
bought a farra at Winhall and carried it on
for one season, when the weU-known Dr.
Ranney farra in West Townshend was thrown
on the raarket, and he sold his WinhaU inter
ests and purchased the latter place, which
he succes-sfully conducted until 1870, when
he reraoved to Putney, where he has since
resided and carried on farraing, as weU as
real estate business and the shipping of
cattle to Brighton.
Mr. PhilUps has served the town of Put
ney for three years as lister, for two years as
selectman, and in 1882 as a raember of the
Legislature. Mr. Phillips was raarried, Nov. 25, 1864,
to Helen Mar, daughter of Holman and
Lucretia (Whipple) Barrows.
PHILLIPS, WINFIELD SCOTT, of Arl
ington, son of Charles and Marietta (Bennett)
PhilUps, was born in Silver Creek, N. Y.,
.Dec. 9, 1841.
When he was six years old his father re
moved to Pawlet, where Mr. PhiUips was
educated in the pubhc schools. After a
short experience as teacher, he studied
raedicine with Dr. Munroe of West Pawlet,
reraaining with hira till the doctor's death ;
he then put himself under the charge of Dr.
Mosely of Arlington. He attended the
Albany Medical CoUege in 1866, and was
graduated from the raedical departraent of
the U. V. M. in 1867. After a brief con
nection with Dr. Mosely, he took a special
course in the Burlington Medical CoUege, and
soon after estabhshed hiraself at Arhngton
where he has built up a large and prosper
ous general practice.
He has confined hiraself very closely to his
professional duties, but in 1890 was sent as
representative to the Legislature by the Re
publican vote, where he gave his attention
to special coraraittees on teraperance, and
was raade chairraan of the coramittee on the
insane. Dr. Phillips was a charter member,
and for three or four years censor, of the
Union Medical Society, and now holds the
office of president of the Bennington County
Medical Society. He is also associated with
the Medical Association of the state, and
was for six years master of Red Mountain
Lodge, No. 63, F. & A. M., raeraber of
Adonirara Chapter, Manchester, of Taft
Comraandery, No. 8, Bennington, and for
one year served as deputy district grand
master. He is a raember of the Episcopal
church. On Oct. 23, 1869, he was united in
marriage to Lone, daughter of Clark and

Sarissa (White) Parsons of Arlington. Two
children are issue of this union : HalUe Lone,
and Charles Winfield.
PHINNEY, TRUMAN C, of Montpelier,
son of Elisha and Priscilla (Wentworth)
Phinney, was born in Middlesex, April n,
1827. At the age of seventeen he left his father's
farra and went to Brandon, where he learned
the jeweler's trade. In 1849 he came to
Montpelier and went into the jewelry busi
ness with Capt. A. A. Mead, under the firm
narae of Phinney &: Mead. This firm con
tinued in business until 1856, when Mr.
Phinney sold his interest to his partner, and
started alone in the same business. Here he
continued in business until 1863, when he

TRUMAN C. PHINNEY.

sold out to Stephen Freeman. After spend
ing a year in California, he returned to
Montpelier and engaged in business with
Denison Dewey, under the firm name of D.
Dewey & Co. In 1869 he sold his interest
to Mr. Dewey, and immediately thereafter
bought the Ballou bookstore. For the next
sixteen years Mr. Phinney prosecuted a gen
eral book and stationery business, at what
became known as the Phinney bookstore,
disposing of the business in 1885.
. Mr. Phinney was elected sergeant-atarms
by the Legislature of 1870, and has held this
ofifice continually by successive elections un
til twenty-three years have been passed by
hira in this ofifice. During this period, and
in addition to his custoraary duties, he has

PIER.

PIERCE.

313

superintended the preparation of the ground
for the new state library building, the intro
duction of a new systera of heating and ven
tilating the Capitol building, and the several
extensive repairs by which the utility and
beauty of the chief public buildings in the
state have been greatly enhanced. Since
1885 Mr. Phinney has devoted his whole
tirae to state service, merging with the duties
of sergeant-at-arms those of deputy secretary
of state, to which position he was appointed
in 1891.
For the last twenty-three years Mr. Phin
ney has served the interests of local educa
tion upon the school board, and for several
years has also served upon the board of ves
trymen of Christ Church. He has been
prorainently identified with local Masonry
for nearly forty years, for seven years holding
the position of master of Aurora Lodge, and
for fourteen consecutive years that of T. I.
Master of Montpeher Council, R. and S. M.
He is a member of the Sons of the American
Revolution. Mr. Phinney married Miss Sarah E.
Barnes, daughter of W'illiam S. and AdeUne
P. (Howe) Barnes, of Albany, IU., Sept. 11,
1855. Their family consists of three daugh
ters and one son : Mary A., Jennie P., Anna
W., and Robert T.
PIER, FREDERICK BALDWIN, of Rawson-
ville, son of Rev. Orvis and Eunice (Sraith)
Pier, was born in Westford, July 26, 1847.
He received his early education at the
coraraon schools and graduated from the
Black River Academy, at Ludlow, in 1864.
He then learned the trade of a carpenter in
Jamaica, which occupation he followed for
eleven years. In 1875 he estabhshed hiraseU
as a merchant in RawsonviUe, where he has
since resided. In 1877, through the unre
mitting labor and work of Mr. Pier, the gov
ernment estabhshed a postofifice in the place,
and he has since been postmaster. At the
age of twenty-five he was elected justice of
the peace, and has since continuously held
the position, while his ability and energy have
called him to various other posts of trust and
responsibihty. Mr. Pier married, Jan. 2, 1868, at Bond-
ville, Helen A., daughter of Charles R. and
Faustina (Barrus) WiUiams. There are two
children living : Gladys M., and Frank W.
PIERCE, Charles Alexander, of
Bennington, son of James and Dorcas Bayard
Pierce, was born in Chester, August 22,
1839. He was educated in the common schools,
and at the age of sixteen entered the ofifice
of the Brattleboro Phoenix, where he served
his apprenticeship. In 1861 he established
the Manchester (Vt.) Journal, which he con

tinued to publish for nine years, but finally
purchased the Bennington Banner, which he
now owns, and in connection with this is
the proprietor of one of the largest job
printing, bookbinding and pubhshing estab
lishments in the state. He was appointed
postmaster at Bennington in 1891 by Presi
dent Harrison.
He enlisted in Co. C, 14th Regt. Vt. Vols.,
of which corapany he was ist sergeant, and
on account of an accidental injury received
his discharge in May, 1863.
Mr. Pierce wedded Abby, daughter of
Isaac W. and Maria Gibson, of Londonderry.
Their chUdren are : Charles W., Warren A.,
and Nettie M.
PIERCE, GEORGE W., of Brattleboro,
son of Nathan G. and Roxana (Reach)
Pierce, was born in Westrainster, Dec. 3, 1854.

GEORGE W. PIERCE.

He received his education inthe coramon
and private schools of his native town and
assisted his father on the farm until he was
twenty-four years of age, when he entered
the eraployraent of the Verraont Asylum for
the Insane at Brattleboro. For eight years
he served as supervisor of the male depart
ment, and at the expiration of that time he
was selected for the management of the farm.
For the past six years Mr. Pierce has been
the raanager of the asylura farra department,
a position which he still holds.
His name has been very prominent in the
agricultural interests of the town and of the

314 PIERSON.
State. In 1892 he received the appointment
as a meraber of the State Board of Agricul
ture, which office he soon resigned, his busi
ness relations not allowing him to hold the
same. In the same year he also refused the
candidacy for town representative. At the
present time he holds the ofiice of secretary
of the Verraont Dairyraan's Association;
also is master of Protective Grange, Brattie
boro. Mr. Pierce is an active member of the
Universahst church, now being a meraber of
the board of trustees of the First Universal
ist Society in Brattieboro.
In 1884 Mr. Pierce married Ida M., daugh
ter of Alvah and Sylvia Weed of Saratoga, N.
Y., by whom he has four children : Milton
W., George E., Frederick W., and Weed K.
PIERSON, James Smith, of Burhng
ton, son of Smith F. and Lydia R. (Tabor)
Pierson, was born in Shelburne, Dec. 8, 1840.

JAMES SMITH PIERSON.

After attending the public schools of Bur
lington untU he was seventeen years of age
he went to JanesvUle, Wis., where he found
eraployraent as a clerk in his brother's store
for a few raonths ; then returned to Burling
ton where he was occupied with learning the
trade of a raachinist till 1862, when he
enlisted as a private in Co. C, 12th Vt. Vols.,
but was discharged on account of sickness
before his terra of service expired. For
nearly five years owing to disease contracted
while in the array the state of his health pre
vented any active eraployment. He next
removed to the city of New York and gave

PIERPOINT.
his attention to the developraent of Professor
Lowe's invention of water gas, the success of
which is due largely to the iraprovefnents he
invented and perfected in the apparatus for
manufacturing the gas, which is now univer
sally used in America, and has reduced the
cost of gas to the consumers in the United
States, mUlions of dollars per year. He was
for several years engaged in constructing gas
works in most of the large cities in this
country and for two years was general super
intendent of the United Gas Improvement
Co. of Philadelphia, the largest gas cor
poration in the world. After accumula
ting a fortune he retired frora active busi
ness in 1886 and returned to Burlingtoii,
where he purchased his father's old farm
and has since occupied hiraself with the im
proveraent of the same. He is a director in
the Burhngton and Waterbury (Conn.) Gas
light companies and president of the latter,
also a director in the Burlington Electric
Light Co., and has ofificial connection with
various other water gas companies.
Mr. Pierson married, Dec. 7, 1872, Lu-
cUle, daughter of James and Elenor (Pellea-
true) Blake of Brooklyn, N. Y. They have
an adopted daughter : Constance.
He is an adherent of the Republican
party but has never sought or held any
ofifice. He belongs to several social organ
izations in the city of Burlington and attends
the Protestant Episcopal church.
PIERPOINT, EYELYN, of Rutland, son
of Hon. Pierpoint and AbigaU (Raymond)
Pierpoint, was born in Rutland, June 10,
18 16. He is descended from the Rev. James
Pierpoint, who was the second clergyman of
New Haven,- Conn. [For a sketch of his
father. Judge Pierpoint, see Part I of this
work.] The subject of this sketch received the
custoraary education in the public schools
in Rutland, foUowed by a short course of
study in Bennington Acaderay. When twelve
years of age he was employed as a clerk in
Rudand post-office, and served a term of
years as clerk in a general merchandise
store in that place. In 1837 he took charge
of the store of the Brandon Iron Co., and
later formed a partnership with WUliam Y.
Ripley at Centre Rudand. He was for a
number of years engaged with a dry goods
jobbing and importing house in New York
City, and was engaged in trade for four years
in Lansingburgh, N. Y. He then returned
to Rutland, and after engaging in business
with his father-in-law for four years, erected
in Mendon the first steam saw mill in Ver
raont, and during the building and operation
of the Rutland & Buriington R. R. was en
gaged in the lumber and bridge building
business. In 185 1 he engaged in the real

PINGREE.

315

estate business, and has been directly inter
ested in the purchase and sale of many of
the prominent transfers in his growing city.
He was a member of the Council of Censors
in 1854 and 1855, and was one of five dele
gates to the national convention in Phila
delphia in June, 1855.

EVELYN PIERPOINT.

Politically Mr. Pierpoint is a Republican,
and was justice of the peace and for a nura
ber of years town treasurer ; was inspector of
finance under Governors Washburn, Hendee
and Stewart ; was one of the directors and
cashier of the National Bank of Rutland ;
was also one of the incorporators and direc
tors of the Merchants' Bank in that city.
Mr. Pierpoint vi^as one of the founders of
Otter Creek Lodge of I. O. O. F., and is the
only surviving charter member of that body.
He also belongs to the Masonic Lodge of
Rutland, and is a Congregationalist in his
religious preference.
June 4, 1841, he was united in marriage
to Sarah J., daughter of James and Miriam
(Buttrick) Barrett, of Rutland, who departed
this life May 7, 1893. Five chUdren were
the fruit of this union : Kate Frances (de
ceased), Alice J. (deceased), Charles E.
(deceased), Mary E. (deceased), and Annie
Evelyn, now at home with her father.
PIKE, PAPHRO D., of Stowe, son of
WilUara and Nancy (Hitchcock) Pike, was
, born in Morristown, Dec. i, 1835.
He passed the days of his youth in labor
on the paternal acres, and gained his educa

tion in the coramon schools of Morristown,
and later at Johnson Acaderay. When he
had arrived at raan's estate, as he had a nat
ural taste for mechanical pursuits, he pur
chased a saw miU, which furnished hira with
eraployraent tiU i860, when he raoved to
Stowe and engaged in a similar enterprise,
constructing a raill in that town.
When President Lincoln issued his call for
volunteers he enhsted in Co. D, nth Regt.
Vt. Infantry, and followed the fortunes of
that organization during its entire service,
including the last grand advance on Rich
mond. During this period he was constantly
at his post, with the exception of two months
spent in the hospital, and was honorably dis
charged in July, 1865.
Mr. Pike wedded Abigail, daughter of
Luke J. and Eunice (Camp) Towne, of
Stowe, Nov. 7, i860. Three sons are the
issue of this union : Arba A., Lewis A., and
Fred M.
After his release from the army he was
variously employed as carpenter and mill
wright for several years, and in 1871 he
coraraenced the manufacture of butter tubs.
In this he continued for fourteen years, when
he sold the business and went to Brooklyn,
N. Y., and was eraployed in the Hatters Fur
Cutting Co., but after a tirae returned to
Stowe and again purchased his old mill,
where with iraproved raachinery the firm of
P. D. Pike & Sons are now engaged in the
manufacture of butter tubs, making use of
several iraproveraents in the raechanical
appUances of the trade which have been
patented by himself, and from smaU begin
nings has derived an increasing and prosper
ous business.
Though favoring the political principles of
the Repubhcan party, Mr. Pike has not
found much time for official life, so urgent
and various have been the demands of his
private affairs, but he has faithfully discharged
the duties of those town ofifices which have
been conferred upon hira. He was elected
to a seat in the House in the Legislature of
1880, and served on the coraraittee on
manufactures. PINGREE, Samuel E., of Hartford,
son of Stephen and Judith (True) Pingree,
was born in Salisbury, N. H., August 2,
1832. Moses Pengre, his earUest Araerican
ancestor, was the proprietor of salt works in
Ipswich as early as 1652, was selectman of
that town, deacon of the First Church, and
deputy of the general court in 1665, and
frora this worthy, Sarauel E. Pingree is the
sixth in lineal descent.
After the usual preUminary studies pur
sued in the academies at Andover (N. H.)
and Mclndoes Falls, he entered Dartmouth
College, from which he graduated in 1857.

3i6

PINGREE.

PITKIN.

Selecting the profession of law, he studied in
the ofifice of Hon. A. P. Hunton of Bethel,
and was admitted to the bar of Windsor
county at the Deceraber term of 1859, after
which admission he began to practice at
Hartford with fair prospects of success.
At this juncture the war for the preserva
tion of the Union commenced, and Mr.
Pingree promptly responded to President
Lincoln's caU for troops by enUsting as
private in Co. F, 3d Regt. Vt. Vols., and was
soon chosen ist lieutenant of that organiza
tion. In August, 1 86 1, he was promoted to
captain, commissioned raajor 27th of Sep
tember, 1862, for meritorious conduct, and
finally received the grade of lieutenant-
colonel on the 15th of January, 1863. In
his first important engageraent, that of Lee's
Mills, Ya., he was severely wounded and con
fined for ten weeks in hospital at Philadel

phia, but returned to his coramand irarae
diately upon his recovery, and was present
in most of the important battles in which
the Army of the Potomac was engaged. In
the second day's battie of the Wilderness,
Lieutenant-Colonel Pingree was placed in
command of the famous 2d Vt. Regt. (aU the
field ofificers of that regiment having been
kiUed or wounded), and this honorable posi
tion he retained until that organization was
mustered out of the U. S. service. After
participating in the battles of Spottsylva
nia Court House, North Anna River, Cold
Harbor, Petersburg, and in the sanguinary

struggle for the possession of the Weldon R.
R., in which last affair he narrowly escaped
capture with a portion of his command, he
concluded his military service by assisting
in repulsing the moveraent of General Early
on Washington, arriving with his comrades
of the 6th Corps just in time to save the
capital of the nation frora destruction. He
was honorably mustered out of service July
27, 1864.
After his return to civil life Colonel Pingree
resumed the practice of his profession at
Hartford. In i86S-'6g hewas state's attor
ney for Windsor county and during his term
of ofifice Hiram Miller was indicted. and tried
for the murder of Mr. and Mrs. Go\yan, and
it was chiefly owing to the careful preparation
and the efificiency with which Colonel Pingree
conducted the prosecution that the accused
criminal was duly convicted and suffered the
extreme penalty of the law.
Though not an office seeker Colonel Pingree
has never shunned responsibihties of ofificial
position. He has been town clerk of Hart
ford for thirty-four years, less the time he was
in the war, and in' 1868 was chosen delegate-
at-large to the national Repubhcan conven
tion at Chicago. Two years subsequentiy he
was made president of the Reunion Society
of Verraont Ofificers, before the members of
which association he delivered an excellent
and scholarly address in 1872. In the fall
election of 1882 Colonel Pingree was chosen
Lieutenant-Governor of the state by the
Repubhcans, his popularity being indicated
by the fact that his vote was the largest of
any cast for the state ofificials and two years
later his merit was still farther recognized by
his election to the ofifice of Governor. His
administration was characterized by the same
efficiency and zeal which he has ever dis
played as soldier, lawyer and citizen. Upon
the establishing of a state railway commission
ex-Governor Pingree was appointed chairman
of the board, in which position he is now
serving. Governor Pingree was married Sept. 15,
1869, to Lydia M., daughter of Sanford and
Mary (Hinman) Steele, of Stanstead, P. Q.
PITKIN, PERLEY Peabody, late of
Montpelier, son of Truman and Rebecca
(Davis) Pitkin, was born in Marshfield,
March 9, 1826. It was his raisfortune to
early lose his mother, Rebecca (Davis-) Pit
kin, but his subsequent good fortune to be
guided in his future conduct and studies by
his grandfather. Gen. Parley Davis of Mont
pelier Centre, who was the first general sur
veyor of Washington county, and with his
cousin, Col. Jacob Davis, first permanently
settled in Montpeher. The general's grand
father was Major Stephen Pitkin, one of the
first settiers in Marshfield. Through these

^e-^i^-^.

t:^^*"-?-^

31^

PITKIN.

ancestors General Pitkin inherited the com
mon attributes of great energy, a good judg
ment, and a strong mind, a kind and court
eous disposition.
His education was secured at the district
schools and completed in the Washington
county grararaar school. Until the war he
resided at East Montpeher. When the gold
fever struck the community Mr. Pitkin
visited CaUfornia and for three years was em
ployed in trading and raining.
After his return to East Montpeher he
represented that town in the General Assera
bly during 1859 and i860 and in the extra
session, convened to take action on the war.
Mr. Pitkin very soon raade up his raind as
to the action which he would personally take
and so, on the 6th of June, r86i, he having
meantirae volunteered his service, he was
coraraissioned quartermaster of the 2d Regt.
Vt. Vols. In April, 1862, he was proraoted to
be assistant quarterraaster of the volunteers
with the rank of captain, and July 8, 1864,
to the rank of colonel. In November, 1864,
obedient to the wishes of his Governor, Col
onel Pitkin resigned from the army to assume
the ofifice of state quarterraaster general,
which office he retained for a period of six
years. During that tirae he had charge of
the state arsenal with its large quantity of
railitary stores, the major part of which he
afterward disposed of to foreign govern
ments, turning the proceeds into the treasury
of the state.
Upon his return frora the South, he located
at Montpelier in business with Dennis Lane
and Jaraes W. Brock, and frora that tirae on
exerted a large influence both in the affairs
of that corapany and the town. In 1872
General Pitkin represented Montpeher in
the Legislature. He was first selectraan dur
ing 1868-' 70 ; i874-'77 ; i879-'8o; a cora
raissioner of Green Mount cemetery frora
March 2, 1880 ; a director of the First Na
tional Bank frora Jan. 9, 1866; a director
of the National Life Insurance Co. and
raember of its finance committee, from Jan
uary, 1878; a trustee of the 'Washington
county graramar school from 1868 ; and for
some years president of the Montpeher
school board.
His principal business was in the manage
ment of the Lane Manufacturing Co., of
which corporation (which sends its saw
mills as far as Japan) General Pitkin was
president, from the death of Dennis Lane in
1888, to his death.
Every movement in town or village mat
ters that contemplated a true and probable
progress, received his encouragement, his
service, and his support. He was a man of
fine physique and commanding appearance,
and his presence fiUed the eye. His own
eye, dark and clear, beamed with kindness

and glowed with power. His personal influ
ence, born of the general respect which was
had for his judgraent and his fairness, was
very great — in a word, it was a coramanding
influence. His work in the war was such that to enter
upon any account of it would be idle, with
the space at coraraand. In the memorable
campaign of 1864 the wagon trains of the
Army of the Potomac were under his direc
tion ; the supply of food, clothing and am
munition was largely under his management.
General Grant wrote his memorable "fight
it out on this line if it takes aU summer" dis
patch while General Pitkin waited to take it
to Washington. In "Benedict's Vermont in
the Civil War" wiU be found a clear sketch of
General Pitkin's military service, while in L.
E. Chittenden's "Personal Rerainiscences" is
a chapter devoted to hira — a very readable
chapter, too, though sorae of it will bear a
little salting.
Mr. Pitkin raarried, April 14, 1848, Caro
Une M., daughter of James Templeton, of
East Montpelier. Their four sons are : Clar
ence H., CarroU P., Fred E., and Frank I.
Mrs. Pitkin died Dec. 11, 1883, and General
Pitkin married, July 26, 1886, Mrs. Jennie
(Dewey) Poland, daughter of Denison
Dewey. PITKIN, John G., of Fair Haven, son
of Joseph and Lucinda (Smith) Pitkin, was
born in Poultney, Sept. 6, 1826.
He received his education in the public
schools of Poultney, and at the age of twen
ty-one reraoved to F'air Haven where he has
since resided, with the exception of three
years (frora 1852 to 1855), which he spent
in California. In 1855 he engaged inthe
grocery and provision business in which he
continued for ten years, when he and his
brother, W. W. Pitkin, forraed a partner
ship, under the firra narae of Pitkin &
Brother, to do a general hardware trade, in
which enterprise they have been successful
to the present tirae.
In politics, Mr. Pitkin has always been an
ardent Repubhcan. He has held nearly aU
of the town ofifices, and has always fiUed
them with credit to himself and honor to the
town. In 1872 he represented Fair Haven
in the state Legislature, also in 1886 and in
1892 was elected to the state Senate from
Rutland county.
Mr. Pitkin is a meraber of Eureka Lodge,
No. 75, F. & A. M. of Fair Haven, and has
been raaster of the lodge six-years. He has
served as D. D. G. M. of the Fourth Ma
sonic district three years. He is also a
member of Poultney Chapter, No. 10;
Morning Star CouncU, No. 10, of Poultney;
and of KiUington Comraandery, No. 6, Rut
land.

Mr. Pitkin was raarried in Fair Haven,
Dec. 31, 1855, to Miss Susan J., daughter of
Sarauel and Marinda (Brown) Howard. Of

JOHN G. PITKIN.
this union only one chUd is issue, a daugh
ter : Hattie M. (Mrs. W. H. Childs of New
York City).
PLATT, Myron, of Larrabee's Point,
son of Elmore and Betsy (Peck) Piatt, was
born in Glens Falls, N. 'V., on August 15,
T830. Until eleven years of age he attended the
district schools of his town and then entered
Glens FaUs Acaderay. In 185 1 and 1852
he took a special course at the Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, N. Y. Shortly after he went
into business in Glens Falls where he re
mained until 1858 when he moved to Shore
hara, purchasing a large farra on Lake
Charaplain at Larrabee's Point. Here he
has reraained since, devoting himself to farra
ing and stockraising.
Mr. Piatt has held all town ofifices which
he could be persuaded to accept. He was
inspector of elections in Glens Falls, N. Y.,
in the presidential election in 1856, in
which carapaign he supported Fremont, the
Republican candidate, and the principles of
this party Mr. Piatt has steadfastly believed
in. He has been a justice of the peace since
1868, receiving his comraission frora each of
the Governors since. For the last twelve
years he has been the only trial justice in
Shoreham. He was elected assistant judge

PLUMLEY. 319
of the Addison county court in 1886 and
whUe upon the bench established a reputa
tion for sound sense in the discharge of his
duties. Judge Piatt raarried in Shoreham, August
6, 1856, Sarah Elizabeth, daughter of L. D.
and Mary Larrabee. From this union three
children have been born: Mary L. (Mrs.
Robert O. Bascom of Fort Edward, N. Y.),
Fred Elmore, and Nellie.

MYRON PLATT.

Judge Piatt is a member of no church or
society but known throughout the county as
an honorable raan and true to his principles.
PLUMLEY, FRANK, of Northfield, was
born in Eden, Dec. 17, 1844.
Reared upon a farm and educated in the
coramon schools of the town and the People's
Academy, of MorrisviUe, he adopted for a
time the profession of a teacher, but in 1866
coraraenced the study of the law with Powers
& Gleed, at Morrisville, and a year after
entered the law departraent of the University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he also pur
sued a selected course of study in the hterary
departraent. After three years of professional
training he was adraitted to the bar at the
May terra of the LaraoUle county court, 1869,
and afterwards carae to Northfield, and
entered the ofifice of Hon. Heman Carpenter.
The firm of Carpenter & Pluraley, forraed in
1870, was disolved by rautual consent in
1876. Mr. Pluraley has attained a leading
position at the bar. He was state's attorney
frora 1876 to 1880 inclusive, and among his

•320

PLUMLEY.

PLUMLEY.

iihportant cases were the Carr and Meeker
murder trials. He was appointed in 1889 by
President Harrison, United State's attorney
for Vermont.
Mr. Plumley possesses the entire confi
dence of his townsmen in every walk of life.
He is a member of the M. E. Church and for
twelve years has been superintendent of the
Sunday school.

FRANK PLUMLEY.

He is now serving his fourth consecutive
term of three years each, as a raember of the
board of directors of the Northfield graded
and high schools, of which body he is chair
man, and for several years has fiUed the same
position on the board of village trustees. He
is also a trustee of Norwich University, and a
trustee of the Northfield Savings Bank.
He was married August 9, 1871, to
Lavinia L., daughter of Hiram and Mary
(Sraith) Fletcher of Eden. They have two
children : Charles Albert, and Theodora May.
Mr. Plumley is a Republican, and an
ardent temperance man. Elected repre
sentative from Northfield to the Legislature
in 1882, he served with abihty on the judi
ciary coramittee, and also on that on the
insane. He was chairman of the Repub
hcan state convention in 1886, and was ap
pointed one of the delegates from Vermont
to the anti-saloon conference, held in New
York in the spring of 1888, and was the
fourth delegate-at-large to the Republican
national convention of 1888, in which he

was a member of the coraraittee on the plat
form, and was the author of the resolution
presented to that committee pledging the
cordial sympathy and raoral support of the
national Republican party to all weU-directed
efforts to temperance reform. It was pre
sented on the floor of the convention by Mr.
Boutelle of Maine and adopted with
slight verbal alterations. Mr. Plumley has
a national reputation as an interesting and
effective campaign orator, and in the strug
gle of 1884 he was sent to Michigan by the
national coramittee, to which state he has
been recalled at each successive state and
national carapaign since that time. Mr.
Plumley has served four terras as the wor
shipful raaster of DeWitt Clinton Lodge, No.
15, F. & A. M., and is also a member of
Northfield Lodge, No. 19, I. 0. 0. F., and
of Northfield Lodge, No. 175, I. O.-G. T.,
and was the first and the present W. C. of
Northfield Lodge, which contains two- hun
dred and forty merabers.
For five years he was grand secretary of
the Grand Lodge I. O. G. T., and represent
ative frora that body to the Right Worthy
Grand Lodge of the World at its New York
and Topeka sessions. For three successive
years he filled the ofifice of grand chief
teraplar in the state. He is a lecturer on
constitutional law at Norwich University,
which institution conferred on him the de
gree of A. M. at its comraenceraent in 1892.
PLUMLEY, FRANK M., of Sherburne,
son of Adolphus and Lucy (Dexter) Plum
ley, was born in Shrewsbury, March 27,
1840. He received his early educational training
in the coramon schools and later supple
mented this by a course of general reading.
A lover of books he has collected a small
but well selected library. After the comple
tion of his schooling he followed the calling
of a comraercial traveler for a few years and
then settled down upon a farra in his native
town, to which vocation, after a short time,
he added a luraber business which he
carried on successfully for thirty years. In
1885 he removed to Sherburne and engaged
in the lumber trade in that town untU 1893
when he purchased an estate on the Wood
stock road on which he now resides.
Mr. Plumley was married in Shrewsbury,
Nov. 30, 1862, to Eliza N., daughter of
Curtis and Eliza Hale. To them have been
born three sons : Rush, Ralph, and Albert.
He has always been an earnest Republi
can ; has held the offices of selectman, road
commissioner, justice of the peace, as weU
as other positions of honor and trust, and
was chosen to represent Sherburne in the
state Legislature of 1892, where he served

POLAND.

POLAND.

with credit on the coramittee on manufact
ures. Being yet in the prime of life he will

FRANK M. PLUMLEY.

Legislature. After four years' connection
with this paper, Mr. Poland returned to
Montpelier and established the Green
Mountain Freeraan as the organ of the new-
ly-forraed Liberty party. This publication
he continued, with raarked success, untU the
close of the presidential carapaign of 1848,
during which period the vote of the party in
the state increased to raore than 15,000,
and in the nation to 300,000. He served as
chairraan of the state coraraittee, and large
ly as general organizer of the party, during
a large portion of these years— a period
raade ever raeraorable as witnessing the
birth of that wonderful moral and political
revolution which, a few years later, elevated
Abraham Lincoln to the presidency, and
struck the fetters from every Araerican slave.
About 1882, the late Hon. E. P. Walton
justly wrote : "Mr. Poland raay properly in
dulge in the double boast of hira that girdeth
on the harness and of hira that putteth it off,
having lived to see Araerican slavery, not
only forever extinguished by the organic law

probably becorae raore prorainent in county
and state afifairs within the next few years.
POLAND, Joseph, of Montpelier, son
of Luther and Nancy (Potter) Poland, was
born in Underbill, March 14, 1818. His
father, Luther Poland, was born in Brook
field, Mass., March 11, 1790, raoved to
Vermont in 1814, and .died at Montpelier,
June 16, 1880.
The family raoved from UnderhiU to Wa
terville (then CoU's Gore), in 182 1, and till
1835 Joseph worked on the farm, meanwhile
attending the district school and Johnson
Acaderay. In Septeraber, 1835, he carae to
Montpelier, and as an apprentice entered
the ofifice of the Vermont Watchman, where
he remained untU 1839. He was confirmed
in anti-slavery opinions by witnessing the
riotous conduct of those who, in October
1835, disturbed the raeetings at the State
House and the "Old Brick Church," at
which Rev.- Sarauel J. May lectured.
January i, 1839, he began the publication
at MontpeUer of the Voice of Freedora,
the first distinctly anti-slavery periodical of
the state, but in less than a year was cora
pelled to dispose of the property on account
of broken health.
In June, 1840, he was able to resurae
his chosen profession, and established the
LaraoUle Whig at Johnson. While residing
there he served as assistant clerk in the state

JOSEPH POLAND.
of the land, but remembered only with such
detestation that history blushes at the record."
In 1849 ^i- Poland was chosen a director
and secretary of the Farmers' Mutual Fire
Insurance Co., positions which he held
during the entire life of the company, more
than thirty years. In i852-'53 he served as
judge of probate for Washington county ; in
i858-'6o was a meraber of the state Senate,
and in i870-'7i represented the town of

322

POLAND.

PORTER.

Montpeher in the Legislature. In 1861 he
was commissioned by Governor Fairbanks
(and afterwards by President Lincoln, in
connection with Hon. John B. Page and
Hon. John Howe, Jr., under an act of Con
gress providing for allotment commissioners)
to visit the Vermont regiraents in the field
and procure frora each soldier an allotment
of such portion of his monthly pay as could
be spared during his enlistment, to be trans
mitted to his family, or any depository he
might select^ In 1863, under a coraraission
frora Governor Smith, Mr. Poland purchased
what was then denominated tlie "Fair
Ground," but now "Seminary Hill," in Mont
pelier, and erected thereon the buildings
constituting "Sloan Hospital," which was
raaintained for many years, first by the state
and subsequently by the general government,
as a rendezvous for invahd soldiers. He has
been a trustee of the Verraont State Library
since Nov. i, 1859. From 1861 to 1869 he
held the position of collector of internal reve
nue for the First Congressional District of
Vermont. In March, 1868, Judge Poland in
connection with his son, J. Monroe, purchased
the Verraont Watchman, which he continued
until 1882, when he permanently retired from
active business. He left the paper with far
more than double the circulation it had when
he assumed it. Mr. Poland was also favor
ably known to the Congregational churches
of 'Vermont and New Harapshire as the pub
lisher and proprietor of both the Verraont
Chronicle and the New Hampshire Journal.
Of Mr. Poland's long service in the editorial
field, space allows us only one or two brief
expressions of his brethren on his retirement.
The Rutland Herald said : "The Watchman
and Journal, under his hands, has always
hewed straight to the line on all great ques
tions of deep public concern in morals and
politics. A man of exceUent abiUty as a
thinker and writer, of discreet action and
sagacious judgment in pohtics, Mr. Poland
has acted well his part in Vermont journal
ism. His influence has been large, and it has
been uprightly exerted." The St. Albans
Messenger said : "But it is not so much in
relation to the public as an able and con
scientious journahst that we feel moved to
write, but rather in his relations to the editors
and pubhshers of the state. In these rela
tions Mr. Poland has been most exception
ally free from the petty jealousies, the spirit
of detraction and disparagement, the rancor
and unwarranted personal abuse which have
prevailed too generaUy among the editors of
the state, and in this respect he leaves to his
professional brethren a very worthy example."
Mr. Poland becarae a communicant of
Bethany Church in 1839, and has been since
the death of Hon. E. P. Walton its senior
deacon ; also served as superintendent of its

Sunday school, which relations he sustained
to the Congregational church in Johnson,
during his residence there.
Judge Poland has been for half a century
by voice, pen and earnest work an untiring
friend and advocate of the teraperance cause.
During his long residence in Montpelier
Judge Poland's political and personal influ
ence has been far-reaching and effective, and
has been freely sought and acknowledged in
connection with raost of the pubhc men and
measures of his tirae. Proverbially public-
spirited, he has ever moved far in advance
of men of much larger means in encourag
ing every business, benevolent, or social
enterprise in his community ; the sick and
the suffering have always found in him a
friend and benefactor, and the worthy young
raen are by no raeans few whom he has en
couraged and assisted to enter upon a
successful business career for themselves.
July 7, 1840, Mr. Poland married Mary Ann,
daughter of the late Joseph RoweU. Of their
seven children, but one, Edward R., is
living ; three died in infancy : Clara A., an
accoraplished daughter of twenty-one, died
in 1865 ; Charles F. died in 1875, in early
raanhood, and J. Monroe formerly adjutant
of the 15th Vermont, died Sept. 16, 1891.
Mrs. Poland died in 1862, and Feb. 8, 1873,
Judge Poland married Julia M. Harvey,
daughter of James K. and Caroline (Coburn)
Harvey, of Barnet.
PORTER, Charles Walcott, son of
Judge John and Jane Francis (Foster) Por
ter, was born in Hartford, July 11, 1849.
His early education was received in the
schools of Hartford and the Kimball Union
Academy of Meriden, N. H. He then en
tered upon a course of study at PhilUps
Academy, Andover, Mass., graduating in
1870. Two years afterwards he was setfled
in Montpelier and began the study of law in
the office of Hon. B. F. Fifield. He was ad
mitted to the bar in 1874, at which time he
forraed a partnership with C. H.Pitkin, Esq.,
and his forraer instructor, under the firm
name of Fifield, Pitkin & Porter, and later a
new firm was organized under the titie of
Pitkin and Porter, which arrangement re
mained unchanged until 1880, when Mr.
Porter withdrew from the concern and con
tinued to practice his profession without a
partner until the tirae of his death, August i,
1891. He was always a Repubhcan, and in 1872
he received the appointraent of deputy sec
retary of state and held that position for
twelve years. He also was made deputy in
surance commissioner. In 1884 he was
elected secretary of state and by successive
re-elections was continued in that ofifice for
six years. Mr. Porter was president of the

POWERS.

POWERS.

323

Berlin Granite Co. frora its organization in
1887 to the tirae of his death.
He was married July 16, 1885, at Mont
pelier, to Florence, only daughter of Charles
W. and Olive (Eaton) Bailey.
POWERS, Heman A., of Braintree, son
of Heman and Isabel (Nash) Powers, was
born in East Montpeher, June 22, 1827.
Mr. Powers obtained his education in the
schools and academy of Montpelier. At the
age of seventeen he went to Milford, Mass.,
entered a shoe manufactory, and soon be
carae an expert in bottoming boots, which
occupation he pursued in thirteen different
states, traveling for his employer, Mr. Whit
ney, who challenged the country to produce
his equal in skill or rapidity. At the age of
twenty-five he returned to Verraont and
coramenced farming in the town of Plain-
field, but sorae quarter of a century since he
purchased the "Judge Waite" estate in Brain
tree and has made it his residence frora that
period. Mr. Powers believes that Vermont
is the best state in the Union for farraers and
proves his faith by his works, for he raost

HEMAN A. POWERS.

successfully cultivates one of the best farms
in the state. He has a large herd of cows,
mostly graded, but generally selected for in
dividual merit, and has sent about ^4,000
worth of butter to the Narragansett Hotel of
R. I. annually for the last fifteen years, dur
ing which time he has not failed in making
his regular four shipments a week. For

merly his farra was considered the raost pro
ductive one in Orange county, but Mr. Pow
ers has doubled its capacity, obtaining enor
mous crops of hay, oats, corn, and potatoes.
Although a Democrat in a strongly Re
publican coraraunity, he has been entrusted
with many local puJDlic offices of importance,
and represented Braintree in 1884. He is
a man of jovial disposition, keen insight, and
remarkably sound judgment, who is highly
respected and very popular in the commun
ity. He was formerly much interested in
checkers, of which game he was a champion
player. He was united in marriage in 1850 to
Sarah J., daughter of Shubeal P. and Betsy
(Sanborn) Short, of East Montpelier. Eight
children have been issue of this marriage,
five of whom survive : Bettie M. (Mrs. C.
B. Ford of Idaho), Laura (deceased), Sadie
(Mrs. M. Bruce), Ahce, Elsie, and Herman
Earl. POWERS, Horace Henry, of Morris
ville, son of Horace and Love E. (Gilman)
Powers, was born on the 29th of May,
1835, in Morristown, a descendant of Walter
Powers, who emigrated to this country in
the early part of the 17 th century.
He prepared for his coUege course by
study in the People's Acaderay at Morris
town, entered the University of Verraont,
and graduated therefrora in 1855. The two
years iraraediately following his graduation
were passed in teaching school at Hunting
don, Canada East, and in Hyde Park.
During this period he began the study of
law under the direction of Thoraas Gleed of
Morristown, and subsequently continued it
under that of Child & Ferrin of Hyde Park.
Adraitted to the bar of Lamoille county in
May, 1858, he settled in Hyde Park, and
there practiced his profession until March,
1862. He then formed a law partnership
with P. K. Gleed at MorrisvUle, and con
tinued with hira until December, 1874, when
he was elevated to the bench of the Supreme
Court. Throughout the whole of these years
his firm enjoyed a large and coraparatively
lucrative practice in the counties of LamoiUe,
Orleans, Caledonia, and FrankUn. His pro
fessional standing was fully equal to that of
the best in northern Vermont.
Independently of his high judicial posi
tion. Judge Powers has worthily and satis
factorily filled many other public ofifices. He
represented Hyde Park in the Verraont Leg
islature of 1858, and had the distinction of
being the youngest raember of the House.
In the session of 1872 he represented La
moiUe county in the Senate, served on the
judiciary committee, and officiated as chair
raan of the coraraittee on railroads. In the
years 1861 and 1862 he was state's attorney

H. HENRY POWERS.

PRATT.

325

for LamoiUe county. In 1869 he was raera
ber of the last CouncU of Censors, and in
1870 raade his personal influence powerfully
felt in the state Constitutional Convention
which effected the change frora annual to
biennial sessions of the Legislature. He
acted as chairraan in committee of the
whole. His sole connection with financial
institutions is that of director of the Lamoille
County National Bank, an office he has held
since 1865.
In 1874 he represented Morristown, was
chosen speaker of the House and received
his first election to the bench. In 1890
Judge Powers was elected to the Fifty-second
Congress from the first Verraont district, and
in 1892 was chairraan of the Verraont dele
gation to the Republican national conven
tion at Minneapolis, and was elected to the
Fifty-third Congress.
As lawyer, legislator, or jurist. Judge
Powers has always coraraanded the adraira
tion of his fellow-citizens.
Judge Horace H. Powers was raarried
Oct. II, 1858, to Caroline E., daughter of V.
W. and Adeline Waterman of Morristown.
Two children are the issue : Carrie L., and
George M.
PRATT, Daniel Stewart, of Brattie
boro, son of Rufus and Maria (Estabrook)
Pratt, was born in Brattieboro, August 3,
1826. He is of Scotch and EngUsh de
scent. His namesake and maternal great
grandfather. Col. Daniel Stewart, was a
soldier in the Revolutionary army in which
he served as captain, and after his retire
ment to private life held raany important
positions. His grandfather, Maj. Jaraes
Estabrook, was born at W'arren, R. I., in
1775, carae to Bratdeboro with his parents
when he was four years of age, and was
both conspicuous and popular in the local
mihtia, in which he obtained the rank of
major. The early boyhood of Daniel Stewart
Pratt was spent upon a farm, and his educa
tion was received in the pubhc schools of
Brattleboro. Frora the age of fifteen to the
tirae he attained his majority, he was era
ployed in the raarket estabUshed by his
father in the town. He then entered as a
clerk the store of Wheeler & Pratt, who did
a general dry goods and grocery business,
and continued in their service tiU the firm
was dissolved in 1850. He then became a
member of the firra of Pratt, Wheeler &
Go., of which his brother, Lucius G., was the
senior partner. This concern continued to
do business most successfully for four years,
doing a general dry goods, milUnery and
grocery trade, their sales the last year
amounting to $100,000. At the expiration
of the time of partnership, it becarae evi

dent that a radical change must ensue in the
raanner of conducting their business, as the
trade deraanded that the different lines of
goods should be carried in greater variety
and in separate stocks. His brother, O. J.
Pratt, assuraed the dry goods and raiUinery
department, which he has carried on for
nearly thirty-five years, while the firra of D.
S. Pratt & Co. conducted a custora and
ready made clothing business. In i860
this partnership was dissolved, and that of
Pratt, Wright & Co. was formed, which con
tinued in the general clothing trade till
1873. Iu addition to the above hnes of
business Mr. Pratt has been extensively en
gaged in farraing and the breeding of horses.
Shorthorn cattie and Southdown sheep, and
it is very doubtful if there is a man in the
state who has received higher prices for his
thoroughbred stock. The adjoining country
has been much benefited by the large num
ber of fine animals which he has bred, and
while his Shorthorn cattle have been largely

DANIEL STEWART PRATT.
sold to go South and \\'est, he has even
exported a few head to the mother country.
He has the credit of selling to Robert Hal-
loway of IlUnois, the finest cow that ever
stood in that state, while for one bull, which
he owned in connection with the Messrs.Wins-
low, he obtained the sum of S9000. Mr. Pratt
was made chairman of the board of select
men in 1879, which was the year of the
great freshet, when the bridges and roads in
. the town were nearly aU destroyed, but under

326

PRAY.

his energetic and skillful management they
were repaired and rebuilt in the most sub
stantial and satisfactory manner. He has
been a director for the last thirty years in
some bank in town, and at present is serv
ing as one of the board of investment of the
Vermont Savings Bank, where his counsel
and advice are influential from his knowledge
of the value of property in the West, where
he has had a wide experience in the hand
ling of real estate, both for himself and other
people. He becarae interested with others
in the Vermont Live Stock Co. in 1884, and
has filled the office of vice-president and
president of this organization.
During the war Mr. Pratt rendered valua
ble service in recruiting Co. B, i6th Regt.
Vt. Vols, several of the enhsted raen receiv
ing substantial aid from hira in obtaining
their outfit, while he liberaUy contributed to
the support of their famihes during their
absence. He sent a paid substitute to the
front, and after the close of the struggle was
made quarterraaster of the ist Vt. Regt. of
the National Guard, in which capacity he
creditably served until honorably discharged.
He has always been a staunch Republican,
though dechning aU offers of political pre
ferment, as his tastes do not run in this
direction. Mr.' Pratt was united in marriage Feb. 14,
1850, to Caroline Paraelia, daughter of Ed-
raund and Betsey (Wright) Hoar of Bedford,
Mass. Six children have been born to thera :
Charles Stewart (deceased), Edraund Rufus,
Mary Alice, Carrie Maria (deceased), Jennie
S. (deceased), and Walter Stewart.
PRAY, Rufus M., of South Woodbury,
son of Thoraas and Polly (King) Pray, was
born in Calais, AprU 8, 1844.
His father's calling was that of a carpen
ter and joiner, who was a long time resident
of the town, in the schools of which Rufus
received his education. The latter, a mere
lad of seventeen, did not resist the patriotic
impulse that moved him to enter the ranks
of the Union army, and enlisted in the 2d
N. H. Regiment, which for three raonths
garrisoned at old Fort Constitution on the
seacoast of that state. On his journey home
wards, he stopped at St. Johnsbury, where
Co. K, of Calais, 3d Regt. Vt. Vols, were
engaged in their daily drill, and such was
the enthusiasm of the young volunteer, that
he at once re-enlisted without even bidding
farewell to the loved ones at home or cross
ing the paternal threshold. Mr. Pray shared
the fortunes of the gallant third in all its
numerous engagements from LewinsviUe
and Lee's MUls, to the bloody battles of the
WUderness, where he was wounded in foot
and forehead, and was sent to the S. A.
Douglas hospital at Washington, frora thence

transferred to the U. S. General Hospital at
Montpelier, from which he boldly returned
to active duty before his wounds were wholly
healed. He then experienced the vicissi
tudes of Sheridan's Shenandoah campaign,
and at Cedar Creek, while on the skirmish
line, received a dangerous wound in his hip,
which was traversed by a minie-baU. He
was carried twelve railes in an army wagon
to Sheridan Hospital, then sent to Frederick,
Md., and later to Montpelier, where he re
ceived an honorable discharge after a gab
lant service of four years, one month and
twenty-six days, during which tirae he was
not excused frora duty a single hour, except
when wounded.
Since his return frora the army, though
for more than a year a cripple, he has been
able to labor a little at his trade of carpen
ter and joiner, and to cultivate with effort a
small farm.
Mr. Pray was raarried August 8, 1864, to
NeUie A., daughter of David and Sabrina
(Chase) Whithara of Woodbury. One chUd
has been the fruit of this wedlock : LiUian
M. (Mrs. Robert B. Tassie of Montpelier).
Mr. Pray is still a raeraber of that party
for whose political principles he fought and
bled. He was appointed postmaster at
South Woodbury, July 12, 1889, under
President Harrison, and held that position
till his resignation on being elected to the
Legislature of 1892 by an unusual majority.
He was town treasurer in i89i-'92.
PRIME, Merrill Foster, of Barton„
son of Dr. Thoraas M. and Amity (Paige)
Prime, was born in Brorae, P. Q., Sept 26,
1859. His earlier education was received in the
schools and academy of Knowlton, Canada.
After matriculating at the College of Physi
cians and Surgeons in Toronto, he entered
McGiU Medical School, where he remained
two years, tiU the spring of 1878. The fol
lowing faU he entered the University of the
City of New York. From this institution he
graduated in the spring of 1879. Returning
to McGiU he took his fourth year in special
work, and the year following passed before
the CoUege of Physicians and Surgeons of
Montreal, receiving the degree of L. C. P. S.
Dr. Prime, while in New York, took private
lessons in diseases of women and physical
diagnosis. He began practice with his
father in Knowlton, P. Q. Early in 1882 he
settied in Barton, where he has since re
mained and built up a large and profitable
practice. He is a Deraocrat in his pohtical faith, a
member of the Episcopal church and also
of the State Medical Society. Has been
health officer for the town of Barton for
three years. In August, 1893, he was ap-

PRICHARD.

PROCTOR.

327

pointed pension examining surgeon for the
Bureau at Newport.
He raarried. May 25, 1882, Cora A.,
daughter of Elbridge G. and Amanda (Ball)
Shaw, of Waterloo, P. Q. Their two chil
dren are : Lucile, and Hazel Winifred.
PRICHARD, JOHN B. W., of Bradford,
was the son of George W. and Elizabeth
(Pearson) Prichard, and was born in Brad
ford, Sept. 26, 1839.
His educational acquirements were limited
to the town schools and a course of study at
Bradford Academy.
He comraenced his active life as clerk for
his father, who was a raerchant, and also
served his brothers in a sirailar capacity.
When the slave-holding aristocracy at
terapted to secede from the Union, Mr.
Prichard was a meraber of the noted Brad
ford Guards, a company of the ist Vt. Regt.,
and accompanied thera when they left the
state at the outset of the struggle. He was
present at the battle of Big Bethel, and was
mustered out with the regiment upon their
return from the field in August, 1861.
He was married, Jan. 21, 1862, to Orissa
J., daughter of Sargent and Melissa (Green-
lief) George. ' Two children have been the
fruit of this union : Fred E., and Warren H.
When discharged from the service Mr.
Prichard returned to Bradford and bought
out his brother's stock and store, which he
continued to carry on for three years. Then
he went to Massachusetts and was engaged
in trade until 1869, when he again returned
to his birthplace and formed a partnership
with Barron Hay to engaged in a general
mercantile business, and this arrangement
has lasted tiU the present time.
The esteem in which he is held as a busi
ness man may be inferred frora the fact that
he was elected town clerk in 1870, and with
the exception of a single year he has been
the incumbent of that ofifice ever since. He
has thrice been honored by the position of
selectman and was elected as a Repubhcan
to represent Bradford in the state Legisla
ture in 1882.
Mr. Prichard has fiUed aU the chairs of
Charity Lodge, No. 43, and two terras has
presided in the east. He was a charter
raeraber and has been adjutant and cora
mander of Washburn Post, No. 17, G. A. R.
PROCTOR, REDFIELD, of Proctor, son
of Jabez and Betsy (Parker) Proctor, was
born in ProctorsviUe, June i, 1831.
The American branch of the Proctor
faraily springs frora an excellent Enghsh
stock. The first ancestor in this country
was Robert Proctor, who as early as 1645
was living at Concord, Mass.

Redfield Proctor received an excellent
preparatory education, and was graduated
frora Dartraouth College in 1851. Three
years later he received the degree of A. M.
frora the same venerable institution. Select
ing law as his profession, he pursued the pre
liminary studies at the Albany Law School in
New York. After graduation in 1859 hewas
adraitted to the New York bar at Albany,
and also at Woodstock, Vermont. During
a portion of the years i860 and 1861 he
practiced his profession in the ofifice of his
cousin. Judge Isaac F. Redfield, the erainent
jurist, at Boston, Mass.
Upon the outbreak of the rebellion in
1 86 1 he immediately returned to Verraont
and enlisted in the 3d Vt. Regt., was com
missioned as lieutenant and quartermaster,
and repaired to the front. In July of the
same year he was appointed on the staff" of
Gen. Williara F. ("Baldy") Sraith, and in Oc
tober was proraoted and transferred to the
5th Vt. Vols., of which he was commissioned
major. With this regiment he served nearly
a year in the neighborhood of Washington
and on the Peninsula. In October, 1862,
Major Proctor was proraoted to the colonelcy
of the 15th Vt. Vols., and in the raeraor
able and decisive engageraent at Gettysburg
this command was stationed on the famous
Ceraetery Ridge during a part of the second
day's struggle.
Redfield Proctor was raarried May 26,
1858, to Emily J., daughter of Hon. Salraon
F. and Sarah J. Dutton of Cavendish. Five
children, four of whora are living, are the
issue of their union . Arabella G., Fletcher
D., Eraily D., and Redfield, Jr.
After his return to Verraont, Colonel Proc
tor established hiraself in Rutland, entering
into law partnership with Wheelock G.
Veazey, afterwards a judge of the Verraont
Suprerae Court, and now a meraber of the
U. S. Interstate Commerce Comraission.
Thrown into the conduct of business matters
in settling the affairs of a concern cf which
he had been appointed receiver. Colonel
Proctor found that it was more to his taste
to do things than to talk about them. The
attraction that business life has for a raan of
pronounced executive ability soon withdrew
hira frora active practice of law, and in
1869 he becarae raanager for the Sutherland
Falls Marble Co. In 1880 the Sutherland
Falls and Rutiand Marble companies were
consolidated under the name of The Ver
mont Marble Co., with Governor Proctor as
its president. Under his management this
company enlarged and so increased its busi
ness as to becorae the largest concern of the
kind in the world.
The public ofificial career of Redfield
Proctor began in 1866 as a selectraan of the
town of Rutland. In 1867 he represented

PROCTOR.

PROCTOR.

329

his town in the state Legislature, serving as
chairraan of the coramittee on elections of
the lower House. Again a member of the
House in 1868, he served as a meraber of
the coramittee on ways and means. Elected
to the state Senate in 1874, he was chosen
¦president pro tempore oi that body. In 1876
he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of the
state, and in 1878 was norainated by the
Republicans and elected Governor of Ver
mont. He was delegate-at-large to the Re
publican national convention in 1884, and
also in 1888, and in the latter year was
chairman of the Verraont delegation. In
1888 the Legislature of Verraont unanimously
recommended hira for a cabinet position,
and in March, 1889, President Harrison
appointed hira Secretary of War. Senator
Proctor won national reputation by his con
duct of the war portfolio, and his adrainis
tration is considered one of the ablest in the
history of the departraent.
On the retireraent of Senator George F.
Edmunds from the United States Senate,
Governor Page appointed Secretary Proctor
to fill the unexpired term, and Oct. 18,
1892, he was elected by the Vermont Legis
lature to fiU both the unexpired and full
terms, the latter ending March 4, 1899.
Senator Proctor speaks well and always to
the point, but is best known as a strong man
who does things — a man of action, guided by
wisdora. He has long had the full confidence
of the people of Vermont, and his abihty and
experience will enable hira to dignify the
high ofifice to which they have caUed him.
PROCTOR, FLETCHER Dutton, of
Proctor, son of Hon. Redfield and Emily J.
(Dutton) Proctor, was born in Cavendish,
Nov. 7, i860.
His early education was foUowed by in
struction at the Rutland Military Institute
and the Middlebury high school. He then
entered Middlebury College, but soon after
matriculated at Amherst College, from which
institution he graduated in 1882. After the
completion of his educational course he
entered the eraployraent of the Y^erraonf
Marble Co., and coraraenced his business
career by learning the trade of a machinist,
and after this occupied various positions,
until in 1885 he became the superin
tendent of the corapany. Frora that time
he has been active in its manageraent, and
in 1889 he was elected president, which po
sition he now holds. In Septeraber of the
sarae year he was chosen to fiU a similar
ofifice in the Clarendon & Pittsford R. R.,
which corporation operates some fifteen or
twenty railes between the towns of Pittsford,
Proctor, Rutland, and West Rutland. Upon
the organization of the Proctor Trust Co., in
1 89 1, he was raade director and president.

Since he has had charge of the affairs of
the Verraont Marble Co. that corporation
has purchased the raarble business of Gilson
& Woodfin, Ripley & Sons, and raade a
thirty-year lease of the property of the
Sheldon Marble Co., so that now the Ver
mont Marble Co. has in its eraploy over
eighteen hundred raen, and is by far the
largest producer of raarble in the world.
Mr. Proctor was a raember of the Verraont
National Guard, enlisting in Co. A in 1884,
and was promoted to the grades of 2d and
ist Lieut. He resigned in 1886, and was
appointed inspector of rifle practice on the
staff of Colonel Greenleaf, which position he
resigned in 1887. In 1883 he was elected the
first perraanent colonel of the Verraont divi
sion of Sons of Veterans and during his
adrainistration the division increased frora
three to twenty-seven camps.

FLETCHER DUTTON PROCTOR.
He was united in marriage May 26, 1886,
to Minnie E., daughter of Hon. Asher C.
and Erminnie Robinson of 'Westford. Two
children have been born to them : Eraily,
and Mortimer Robinson.
Mr. Proctor has served nuraerous terras as
selectraan, both in Rutland and Proctor, and
has been a meraber of the school board for
the latter village since 1883. He was sec
retary of civil and railitary affairs under Gov.
Orrasbee, was elected to the Legislature from
the town of Proctor in 1890, and was chosen
a senator frora Rutland county in 1892.

33°

PUTNAM.

PUTNEY.

PUTNAM, Christopher C, Jr., of
PutnarasviUe, is the son of Christopher C. and
EUza (Stone) Putnara, and was born in Mid
dlesex, August 26, 1839. His grandfather emi
grated to Middlesex in 1784, and here his
father was born in 1810, and for fifty years
has been an extensive lumber dealer and
manufacturer.

CHRISTOPHER C. PUTNAM. JR.
C. C. Putnam, Jr., obtained his education
in the district schools of the town, at the
^\''ashington county grammar school and at
Newbury Seminary. For several years he
divided his time between teaching and assist
ing his father in the management of his affairs.
The latter has invested very largely in the
timber lands of Middlesex, Worcester, Calais
and Elraore, and frora these a vast quantity
of boards and other finished products are
distributed through New Y'ork and the New
England states. The father and son are prob
ably the raost extensive dealers in luraber in
central Vermont, having formed a partner
ship after the latter's return from the army.
In 1862, Mr. Putnam, Jr., joined Co. I,
13th Regt. Vt. Vols., as a private, was prorao
ted to sergeant, was present at the memorable
charge of Gettysburg, and was discharged
when the regiment was mustered out of the U.
S. service.
In connection with their business the Put-
naras operate three saw mills, a planing mill,
a store, and a farra.
Mr. Putnara was united in raarriage, Octo
ber, 1868, to Mary E., daughter of Abel and

Mary Whitney, of Middlesex, who died four
years after their union. For his second wife
he wedded, Sept. 22, 1874, Jennie, daughter
of Medad and Mary Jane (Mclntyre) Wright,
of Montpeher. Two children have been
born to them : Ralph W., and Eula W.
He is a man of industry, energy, and good
judgment and has often been called upon to
act as referee and coraraissioner of important
and weighty raatters. Mr. Putnara has held
many town ofifices. He has always been a
Republican, andin 1886 represented Middle
sex in the Legislature.
PUTNEY, Charles Edward, of St
Johnsbury, son of David and Mary (Brown)
Putney, was born in Bow, N. H., Feb. 26,
1840. F'-'^
He received his primary instruction [in
the public schools of Bow, fitted for college
at New London, N. H., and was graduated
frora the classical department of Dartmouth
in 1870, having attained high rank in his
class.

4:

n

CHARLES EDWARD PUTNEY.
With the exception of three years service
in the army, Mr. Putney's hfe has been that
of an educator of the highest type. He com
menced the practice of his profession while
yet an undergraduate, teaching in various
schools in the neighborhood of the college
and also in Massachusetts. F'or three years
after the completion of his college course he
was the principal of the Boys' Boarding

RAMSAY.

RAMSAY.

331

School of Norwich, then carae to St. Johns
bury as assistant in the acaderay at that
place, and was finally chosen principal of
the institution, which position he stiU oc
cupies. He has been state examiner of the
Randolph and Johnson Normal Schools and
has served as president of the Caledonia
county board of education.
Mr. Putney was united in marriage, July
26, 1876, to Abbie, daughter of Rev. Jonathan
and Phebe Foxcroft (PhiUips) Clement of
Norwich. They have two daughters : Mary
Phillips (Wood), and EUen Cleraent.
Frora purely patriotic raotives and at great
personal sacrifice he enlisted in Co. C, 13th
Regt. N. H. Vols., in which he rose to the

rank of sergeant. His regiraent served with
the arraies of the Potoraae and Jaraes, and
he participated in eight regular engageraents,
having the good fortune never to be wounded
or taken prisoner.
He is a raember of Charaberhn Post, No.
I, G. A. R. of St. Johnsbury; has always
taken much interest in the St. Johnsbury Y.
M. C. A. ; is affiliated with the Congrega
tional church, and has always a class of
students in the Sunday school.
Probably no man in Vermont has exerted
a greater or more beneficial influence upon
young people, for his aim has ever been not
only to train their inteUects, but to broaden
their whole lives.

RAMSAY, George Lafayette, late of
Leraington, was the second son of Robert
and Jane (Morgan) Ramsay, being born in
the town of Wheelock, Oct. 3, 1829. His

GEORGE LAFAYETTE RAMSAY.
father, who was at that time one of the largest
sheep owners in the state, carae to the green
hills of the new state frora his native town of
Londonderry, N. H., and setded in Wheel
ock, in the immediate vicinity of the place
StiU known as "Ramsay Corners" about the
beginning of the present century.
George was educated in the district schools
of Wheelock and Brownington, and at the old
stone acaderay of the latter town, under the
discipline of Professor IVilight, received

what was at that time a far better education
than the average farmer thought necessary to
bestow upon his son.
About the year 1850, when the gold fields
of Cahfornia had become known, the young
Vermonter had reached his majority and the
next two years were spent amid the rocky
hiUs of the "Golden State ;" returning east
he began work in the "Old Faneuil HaU
Market" at Boston, afterwards entering the
employraent of Briggs, Guild & Co. With the
exception of a short tirae spent on the road
as travehng salesraanfor the firra, he reraained
till i860 with these sarae employers, during
the last few years as confidential business
clerk. About a year previous to the war of
the rebelUon, Mr. Ramsay's health, which
had been gradually failing, gave way from
overwork and confinement and he was com
pelled to leave the city and return to his
native state, purchasing in the town of Lem
ington, five miles south of Colebrook, N. H.,
one of the finest meadow farras in Verraont.
Here he settled and lived contentedly in the
possession of a typical Verraont horae, dis
pensing hospitahty with a liberal hand to aU
who caUed upon hira, until the date of his
death in 1892.
He was raarried Feb. 20, 1862, to An
nette Eugenia, daughter of Col. George C.
and Jane (Royce) Dyer, of Sutton, P. Q.,
and rarely has a raan been raore blessed in
the choice of a hfe companion. His married
life was blessed with six children : Eugene D.,
Jane M., Jeanette R., Gertrude, George R.,
and Mary M., who with his widow survive
hira. During the latter years of his life he
entered more extensively into the lumber
business and for the five years preceding his
death manufactured annually about $3,000
worth of last blocks from the hard wood of
his forest.
In politics Judge Rarasay was a Repub
lican. Casting the only vote for Abraham

332

RANDALL.

RANDALL.

Lincoln in his town in the faU of i860 he
was subjected to many disparaging reraarks,
and in reply to the taunt of a neighbor re
phed proudly, "My ¦\'ote wiU shine hke a
golden eagle amid a lot of rusty coppers."
He was a prominent figure at county conven
tions, and in 1883 and 1884 held the office
of assistant judge of Essex county court.
Through life he was a raan of the finest
principle, a strong teraperance advocate,
ever practicing what he preached. During
his stay in Boston he joined St. Johns Lodge
of Free and Accepted Masons, the oldest
lodge in the Bay state, and was during his
life a working raeraber and a regular attend
ant at the meetings of the order.
In personal appearance Judge Ramsay was
a raan who would attract attention araong a
gathering of raen ; fully six feet in height,
erect and weU proportioned, of fine personal
appearance and great courtesy. Men whora
he had antagonized by his outspoken adher
ence to what he beheved was right, were
forced to adraire him and recognize at once
his abUity, and the superior manhood which
characterized his life.
His death, which occurred on Dec. 29,
1892, after only an hour's illness from valvu
lar disease of the heart, was a great loss both
to his family, town and county.
RANDALL, ELIAS ORLANDO, of
Greensboro, son of Erastus and CaroUne M.
(Smith) Randall, was born in Greensboro,
Sept. 16, 1833.
After an attendance at the public schools
of Greensboro and Craftsbury Academy, and
sorae experience in teaching in Craftsbury
and Glover, frora 1850 to 1852 he labored
on his father's farm, and at the expiration of
the latter year purchased a saw mill in
Glover. He continued in the lumber busi
ness in connection with carpentering and
the construction of buUdings tiU 1866, and
then purchased a general merchandise store
in West Glover, which he carried on in con
nection with an extensive produce business
for twenty-three years. During this time he
was also engaged in agricultural pursuits,
owning and operating farms in Glover and
Greensboro to the amount of three hundred
and fifty acres. In 1890 he removed to
Greensboro where he now remains, having
entered into partnership with J. A. Crane to
engage in general trade, and at the sarae
tirae continuing his farraing business.
Mr. Randall raarried, Sept. 13, i860,
Eleanor R., daughter of John and Eliza A.
(Lyman) Clark of Glover. They have one
adopted daughter : LUa A. Tucker.
For over a score of years he fiUed the
offices of postraaster and justice of the peace
in Glover, and was the incumbent of many
other positions of trust and responsibility.

For two successive terras, 1884 and 1886, he
represented that town in the Legislature,
giving his services to the committees of ag
riculture, state prison, Bennington battle
monuraent, and joint rules. Mr. RandaU is
a strong Republican, and has always labored
for the interests of that party. During the
war he acted as recruiting officer and filled
out the quota required frora the town. For
raany years he served on the executive cora
raittee of the Congregational church in
Glover, of which church he was an active
member and a liberal supporter.
RANDALL, GEORGE W., of Waterbury,
son of Oliver C. and Electa (Coffin) Ran
dall, was born in Waterbury, Sept. 18, 1825.

GEORGE W. RANDALL.

He was bereft of paternal guidance when
five years of age and by this sad loss was
thrown on his own resources. Having re
ceived such instruction as was afforded by
the comraon schools of Waterbury, at the age
of sixteen he was apprenticed for three
years to learn the blacksmith's trade, during
which engageraent in the intervals of labor
he still continued his educational course and
later at Stowe and Bakersfield academies,
paying his expenses as he advanced. After
teaching successfully for a short period, he
entered the law ofifice of Hon. Paul DilUng
hara of Waterbury, but, attracted by the
newly discovered golden wealth of California,
he departed in August, 1849, to seek his for
tune in that remote quarter of the Union, and

RANGER.

RAYMOND.

333

after running the gauntlet of yeUow fever in
his passage across the Isthraus of Panaraa
and raeeting with lively adventures at Aca-
pulco, he finally reached San Francisco, paid
50 cents for sleeping on a pile of shavings,
and next day received $5 for striking five
hours at a blacksraith's forge. He then
went to the mines and seventeen months
after returned to Waterbury with |6,ooo
worth of gold-dust. Two years later he again
returned to California, contracted yellow fever
and was the only survivor of a company of
thirty. Mr. RandaU's health did not perrait
hira to remain, and again returning to his
native state he has since been engaged in
farming and dealing in real estate and lum
ber. Besides being possessed of large tracts
of timber land, he owns and operates saw
mills both in Bolton and Waterbury.
Mr. RandaU is a Repubhcan and has been
repeatedly caUed upon to serve the town in
almost every ofificial capacity. As a raera
ber of the Legislature in 1872 he was influ
ential in securing appropriations for the re
form school, and in 1882, while again serv
ing in the House, he was a member of the
coraraittee on railroads. Washington county
elected him in 1890 to the Senate and he
did good service as a raember of the cora
mittee on claims and chairman of that of the
insane. Mr. RandaU was raarried June 21, 1854,
to Leefie, daughter of John White, who died
in 1874. He then was united to BeU, daugh
ter of Henry and Betsey (Woodward) Glea
son, of which union there are two children :
Pearl, and George W., Jr.
RANGER, Walter Eugene, of Lyndon
Centre, son of Peter and Eliza M. (Smith)
Ranger, was born in WUton, Me., Nov. 22,
1855. He received his early instruction in the
pubhc schools and WUton Academy, was
graduated frora Bates College in 1879, and
four years after received the degree of A. M.
frora his alma mater. During his collegiate
course he comraenced the practice of the
profession to which he has since devoted
hiraself. Comraencing his career by serving
as principal of the Nichols Latin School at
Lewiston and of the Lenox high school at
Lenox, Mass., in 1883 he was appointed
principal of the Lyndon Institute, which
position he still retains. During his adrain
istration the number of students has been
trebled, the standard has been raised, and
extensive additions have been made to the
buUdings of the institute. Mr. Ranger has
devoted some attention to newspaper writ
ing, done a great deal of literary work, both
in verse and in prose, chiefly in connection
with educational matters, and has also de
livered many addresses before social, religious
and political organizations. He has been

president of the associations of the Berkshire
County (Mass.) Teachers, of the Alurani of
Bates College, and of other bodies. He has
always taken great interest and an active
part in the educational meetings held in
Verraont under the state superintendent and
other ofificials, and in 1891 was president of
the Verraont State Teachers' Association.
Mr. Ranger was united in raarriage, Nov.
25, 1879, to Mary, daughter of Capt. WiUiara
Snowman, of Portland, Me., of whom he was
bereft in August, 1885. She left two chUdren,
neither of whora survive. July 30, 1889, he
raarried Mabel, daughter of Ira W. and
Laura (Day) Bemis, of LyndonvUle. By
her he has one son.

WALTER EUGENE RANGER.
Mr. Ranger is a strong Republican, and
has been delegate to both district and state
conventions of that party.
He fiUs the chair of junior warden, Cres
cent Lodge, No. 66, F. & A. M., and is
affiliated with Haswell Chapter and Palestine
Comraandery. He is the senior past sachera
of Wannalancet Tribe, No. 11, I. O. of R.
M., and is D. G. S. at present for the same.
He is an active meraber of a nuniber of
other social, fraternal, scientific and educa
tional organizations, both state and national.
He is a member of the Free Baptist Church,
and has often preached in the churches of
Lyndon and of many other towns.
RAYMOND, Albert C, of stowe, son
of Asa and Jane (Lovejoy) Rayraond, was
born in Stowe, Feb. 10, 1842. His father is

334

RAYMOND.

READ.

a prominent and lifelong resident of Stowe
and has arrived at four-score years after a
busy and successful career.
Albert C. studied in the pubhc schools and
in Barre Acaderay, then under the charge of
Professor Spaulding. Immediately after the
completion of his educational career in 1862
Mr. Rayraond enUsted in Corapany E, 13th
Regt. Vt. Vols., and July 3, 1863, helped to
stem the tide of Pickett's charge at Gettys
burg. Never absent frora duty a single day,
at his discharge he re-enhsted in the 17 th
Regt. and was in every general engagement
frora the Wilderness to Apporaatox. On
July 26, 1864, Lieutenant Raymond was
wounded in the face and temporarily lost the
use of his eyes, but he rejoined his com
mand in October. His company in the bat
tle of Petersburg Mine was reduced to a cor
poral and eight men, and it was as captain
of this gallant little band that the subject of
this sketch was mustered out at the expira
tion of his terra of service.
On his return frora these exciting scenes
he determined to push his fortune in the
West, and for eight years made his residence
in the state of Iowa, where he engaged in
farraing. Here his children were born and
here he had the raisfortune to lose their ex
cellent raother. Soon after this sad event he
returned to his native town and engaged in
various occupations including the care and
labor involved in a sraall farm, while in addi
tion he has given his attention to the settle
ment of estates and has acted as guardian
and trustee.
He raarried, June 11, 1865, Priscilla,
daughter of John and Louisa (Town) Moody
of Stowe. Their union was blessed with three
children : Louis H., Louise (Mrs. Fred Fogg
of Enfield, N. H.), and Maud B. Mrs. Ray
mond died in 1872, and Mr. Raymond later
espoused Martha, daughter of Hirara Smalley
of Greensboro, who departed this life in
April, 1882. Mr. Raymond's third alUance
was contracted in 1883 with Alice, daughter
of Medad and Patty (Miller) Hitchcock. Of
this union three sons were issue, one of
whom, Paul, alone survives.
Mr. Raymond for many years has dis
charged the duties of selectraan and town
clerk, was raade postraaster in 1889 and still
holds that position. He was also a meinber
of the General Asserably in 1886 and served
on the special committee on the division of
the town of Rutland.
He belongs to the order of the Loyal Le
gion and is past commander of H. H. Sraith
Post, G. A. R., of Stowe. Thirty years since,
he becarae a Free Mason, and has repeat
edly fiUed the raaster's chair in Mystic
Lodge, No. 56, which holds its communica
tions in his native town.

READ, Levant Murray, of Bellows
FaUs, son of Charles and Olive C. (WUlard)
Read, was born in Wardsboro, Dec. 26, 1842.
He was educated in the coramon schools
of his native town and in Leland and Gray
Serainary, Townshend. He then studied law
with Hon. H. H. Wheeler, then of Jamaica,
and was admitted to the bar in 1869, at the
April terra of Windhara county court. He
began practice at Jamaica, entering in part
nership with Hon. Hoyt H. Wheeler. In
1872 Mr. Read removed to Bellows Falls,
continuing to practice his profession, and
was elected judge of probate for Westmin
ster district in 1876, which ofifice he has con
tinuously held to the present time. Mr.
Read was state's attorney of Windham
county in 1880 and 1882.
In politics Judge Read is a staunch Re
publican, and while closely identified with
the interests of his party, has been too
busily engaged in the practice of his profes
sion to admit his acceptance of poUtical
honors at the hands of his fellow-citizens.
He was elected to the Legislature from the
town of Rockingham in September, 1892.
He enhsted in Co. H, 2d "Vt. 'Vols.,
in 1863, was in the battles of Rappahanock
Station and Mine Run, and the bloody
struggle of the WUderness, in which contest
he was wounded, and was discharged August
20, 1865.
He was the first coraraander of E. H.
Stoughton Post, No. 34, G. A., R., and was
afterwards twice re-elected. Also a member
of the Mount Lebanon Lodge, F. & A. M.,
of Jamaica, of which he was master for four
successive terms. He was elected to the
chair of grand raaster of the Grand Lodge
in 1878, and held that erainent position tiU
1 88 1. He was first dictator of the subordi
nate lodge of K. of H., and also grand dic
tator of the Grand Lodge.
He married, Dec. 13, 1876, Sarah A.,
daughter of Jared R. and Sarah A. Perkins
of Bellows Falls. They have one daughter :
Mary Ahce.
Judge Read has served upon the commit
tee appointed by the Suprerae Court upon
admissions to the bar, and was, in 1892,
elected president of the Verraont Bar Asso
ciation. READ, Carleton W., son of Orrin and
Juha (Powell) Read, was born in Charlotte,
Oct. 21, 1834. He is of English lineage
and his earUest ancestors in. this country
date back to John Read, 1598, who settied
in Rehoboth, near Boston. His family was
afterwards scattered, emigrating to different
parts of the country. John Read, ancestor
of the subject of this sketch, was related by
marriage to Governor John Winthrop. He
possessed a large estate, and acted as referee

REED.
and commissioner, and was high sheriff of
his county for several years.
Carleton W. Read received a comraon
school education at Charlotte, and supple
mented this by a course of study at Bakers
field Academy, Bakersfield, under the tutor
ship of J. S. Spaulding, principal.
Mr. Read was inarried at Charlotte, Oct.
31, 1855, to Vienna M., daughter of Deacon
Homer and Alvirah Clark. Of this union
there were two daughters: Edna J. (deceas
ed), and Carlotta C.
Mr. Read is a Repubhcan and has been
unusually honored by his town and county,
and yet he is of a retiring disposition. He
has always taken an active part in all matters
pertaining to the best interest of the town,
county, and state in which he resides. In
1882, he had the honor of a seat in the state
Senate and acted on the committees of rail
roads and agriculture. He was also a dele
gate to the Republican national convention,
held in Chicago, in June, 1888, and cast his
vote for Benjamin Harrison. He has been
town treasurer since 1884. His social and
business connection with prorainent raen,
throughout the state, as well as his extensive
dealings in wool, stock, etc., make him favor
ably and widely known.
He was one of the first interested in the
Farmers' National Bank at Vergennes, having
been a director for ten years, and is at this
tirae its president
Mr. Read is quite liberal in all his views,
both reUgious and poUtical, believing Araeri
can people should have free thought and a
free ballot, thus enabling them to act upon
their own convictions of right and wrong.
His father's advice to him when a boy was to
be a farraer. Therefore, he moved to Addi
son in 1858, and shouldered a debt of §7,000,
on two hundred acres of land, which has been
paid, and raore property added to the orig
inal purchase. Mr. Read believes that farra
ing will pay.
REED, Marcus L., of West Concord,
son of Sarauel S. and Louisa (JosUn) Reed,
was born in Kirby, Feb. 5, 1839.
Mr. Reed received an excellent coraraon
school education in Kirby and Concord, to
which town his father removed when Marcus
was seventeen years old. As soon as he
arrived at his majority he went to Burlington,
where his brother was extensively engaged in
business pursuits. Here he remained a short
period and then returned to engage in the
shoe trade.
Thinking that his country had need of all
her sons, he enhsted, Feb. 24, 1864, in Co.
G, 17th Regt. Vt. Vols., which suffered
heavier losses for its time of service than
any other organization that left the Green
Mountain state, and in its ranks fought in the

REED. 335
fierce struggle of the Wilderness, and at
Spottsylvania, where he was wounded. Sent
to Washington, he soon returned to the
front, only to be stricken down by sickness
while in camp at the Weldon R. R. Again
he was transferred to Washington and de
tailed to take charge of the ordnance and
knapsack room of Harwood Hospital, AVash
ington, D. C, which duty he performed tiU
his discharge as acting orderly in July, 1865.
Mr. Reed was married at Concord, Sept.
13, 1866, to Eraily C, daughter of Theophilus
and Hannah Chick Grout. They have two
children : WiUiara Livingston, and George W.

MARCUS L. REED.

When he returned frora the South he
raoved to Granby, where he occupied hiraself
in farraing tiU 1878, when he reraoved to
West Concord and frora thence in 1886 to
the exceUent farra he now occupies.
While residing in Granby Mr. Reed was
elected to aU local offices, and represented
that town in 1869 and 1870. In 1892 he
was a raember of the Legislature from Con
cord. He is an excellent presiding ofificer,
a raan of dignified yet genial manners and of
exceUent judgment.
For thirty years he has belonged to the
Masonic brotherhood. Four terms he has
served as worshipful master of Moose River
Lodge of West Concord and he is a Sir
Knight of Palestine Coramandery. After
his return from the war he also became a
raeraber of Woodbury Post, G. A. R.

336

ROBERTS.

ROBERTS.

ROBERTS, Daniel, of Burlington, the
son of Daniel and Almira Roberts, was born
at Wallingford, May 25, 181 1. Daniel Rob
erts, senior, was the son of a Revolutionary
soldier, and after serving a seven years'
apprenticeship to the cloth dresser's trade,
becarae a wandering schoolraaster, and with
his young wife carae to Wallingford, where
be pursued his regular vocation for thirty
years or raore and then reraoved to Man
chester. Here he purchased and cultivated
a farra. Both parents of the subject of this sketch
were raore than usually intelligent and noted
for their musical ability, a talent which their
son naturally inherits. He entered Middle
bury College at the age of fourteen, gradu
ating in the class of 1829. He then studied
law with Hon. Harvey Button, of Walling
ford, and was admitted to the bar of the
Rutland county court at the September terra,
1832.

DANIEL ROBERTS.
In the following Noveraber he started out
to seek his fortune, with ninety dollars in his
pocket, and after various adventures in New
York and Ohio finally reached Grand Gulf
and Natchez, Miss., in which latter place he
was adraitted to the bar on public examina
tion in court. After a short sojourn in New
Orleans the young traveler took passage up
the Mississippi on the steamer Yellowstone,
which raade an annual trip in the Indian fur
trade. He endeavored to secure a chance
of eraployraent in that trade during the
spring voyage, but was unsuccessful. His

disappointraent was his good fortune, as was
probably his departure frora New Orleans
for the cholera prevailed there during the
season of 1833 and raade sad havoc on the
steamer. He then sought out and visited
his kinsfolk in Winchester, 111., where he
spent the suraraer of 1833 in the woods
shooting squirrels and wild turkeys and con
tracting the ague as corapensation. He then
went to Jacksonville, IU., and formed a busi
ness connection with Murray McConnell.
In the suraraer of 1835 Mr. Roberts returned
to his native state, in which he has resided
ever since. He took the oflfice and suc
ceeded to the business of Milo L. Bennett,
of Manchester, afterwards a judge of the
Suprerae Court, and reraained in practice
there for twenty years, when he removed to
Burlington, where he forraed a partnership
with Lucius E. Chittenden, afterwards regis
ter of the treasury. It is now more than
sixty-one years since Mr. Roberts was ad
mitted to the bar, fifty-eight years of which
period he has been in active practice in this
state. His name first appears in the state
reports in the case of Kimpton vs. Walker,
9th Vt. Reports, 191, February Term, 1837,
and can be found in every volume from the
ninth up to the present time.
His earhest pohtics were strongly anti-
slavery, and as a Liberty-party raan, free soiler
and the like, in the then prevaihng state of
public opinion, ofifices did not seek him ; for
two years, however, he was bank commis
sioner, and from the spring of 1865 to that
of 1866 he was a special agent of the United
States Treasury Department. In 1868 he was
elected state's attorney for Chittenden
county, and during the first term of Presi
dent Grant's administration he was offered
the position of solicitor of the United States
Treasury Departraent, but dechned the honor.
He has served the city of Burlington as city
attorney for three terras. Although never in
the Legislature, Mr. Roberts has had marked
influence in guiding the legislation of the
state. His hand is clearly seen throughout
the general statutes by those famihar wifli
their history and development. In particu
lar he has been instrumental in securing by
the statute, simplification of the ancient rules
of criminal pleading, and enlarging the prop
erty rights of married women. His views
upon law reform he developed at length in
an address before the Vermont Bar Associa- .
tion as president thereof in 1880. Two years
previous, under a contract made with the
judges of the Supreme Court by authority of
the Legislature, he completed a digest of the
decisions of that court down to, and includ
ing, volume 48 of the Vermont Reports, en
titied "Roberts' Vermont Digest" This
work is accepted among the profession in
Verraont as a model digest for its terseness

ROBERTS.

ROBERTS.

337

accuracy of statement and for bringing out
the very point of the decision. In 1889 he
published a supplement to this digest, em-
'bracing volumes 49 to 60 inclusive.
At the Verraont centennial celebration at
Bennington, August 16, 1877, he was the ap
pointed orator of the occasion. His dis
course is inserted among the published pro
ceedings of the day, is a valuable historical
document and a good specimen of Mr. Rob
erts' impressive and scholarly style. In 1879
at the semi-centennial gathering of his college
class he received the degree of L. L. D. frora
his alraa raater.
Mr. Roberts was united in raarriage, July,
1837, to Carohne, daughter of Rev. Stephen
Martindale, of WaUingford. She died on
the 14th of June, 1886. Four children are
the issue of this union : Mary, Carohne M.,
Stephen M., and Robert.
Besides his engageraents in the U. S. Cir
cuit Court, the practice of Mr. Roberts has
been raainly in the counties of Chittenden,
Rutland, Addison and Bennington. Araong
the crirainal cases in which he has appeared
which possess some dramatic interest or
involve some intricate principle of the law,
may be named that of the State \'s. Archi
bald Bates, Bennington county. Mr. Rob
erts and Harmon Canfield were assigned by
Chief Justice WilUams to defend Bates for
the crime of murdering his brother's wife.
In spite of their strenuous efforts the jury
brought in a verdict of guilty, and Bates was
hung on Bennington HiU on the 8th of Feb
ruary, 1839. This was the last pubhc execu
tion in Verraont. Since that time all
executions have been within the waUs of
the state prison. Mr. Roberts has said of
this trial that, although he defended the pris
oner with aU the earnestness possible, he
never spoke to him before, during, or after
the proceedings, nor even went to see him
hung. State vs. McDonald, 32d Vt. Reports,
491, is a leading case involving the law of
homicide. Mr. Roberts' brief in the case is
particularly pointed and, as well as the opin
ion of Chief Justice Redfield, is worth study.
On a second trial McDonald was very prop
erly convicted of manslaughter and sentenced
to state's prison for hfe, where during his
confinement he died of consumption. Such
of the civil causes in which Mr. Roberts has
been engaged as have been sent to the
Suprerae Court are to be found scattered
through nearly sixty volumes of the state
reports. He stiU continues busily engaged
in his professional labors.
ROBERTS, Ellis G., of Fair Haven,
son of Robert and Janette (Griffith) Roberts,
was born in Bontnewydd near Carnarvon,
North Wales, August 25, 1850.

Educated in National and British schools
of that country he carae to Araerica in 1873,
settled in Scranton, Pa., being associated
with a prominent physician in a drug store.
Returning to Wales in 1878, he entered the
Royal University, Belfast, Ireland, as an
undergraduate, studying medicine and sur
gery during the years i878,-'79-'8o. Return
ing to Araerica in 1883, he entered the Uni
versity of Pennsylvania, graduating in the
course of raedicine and surgery, in May, 1884.
Engaging in the practice of his profession

ELLIS G. ROBERTS.

in Fair Haven, iraraediately after, he has ac
quired a large and successful practice and is
well known as a genial associate and a phy
sician of sterling ability and character. He
was appointed health officer in 1891, which
position he now hplds, and is the accredited
raedical exarainer of aU the leading life
insurance associations. He has traveled
extensively in this and foreign countries.
In politics a staunch RepubUcan, he is
active in aU that pertains to the welfare of the
state and nation.
He is a raeraber of the Presbyterian church ;
Eureka Lodge No. 75, F. & A. M. ; of
Poultney Chapter, No. 10, R. A. M. ; KiUing
ton Commandry, No. 6, Rutland ; Noble of
Mt Sinai Teraple A. A. O. N. S., MontpeUer,
and various other organizations.
He was raarried to Jennie, daughter of
Evan D. and Winifred Huraphrey, at Fair
Haven, AprU 18, 1889.

338

ROBERTSON.

ROBERTSON.

ROBERTS, Elbert James, of Jackson-
sonvUle, son of Benjarain Franklin and Cor-
sanda (Brown) Roberts, was born in Whit
inghara, May 9, 1866. He belongs to a
family of purest New England stock, and one
long and honorably connected with the town,
being a great-grandson of the Hon. James
Roberts, who was one of its original settlers.
His education was acquired in the schools of
JacksonvUle, and from three years attendance
at Arms Academy, Shelburne Falls, Mass.
For a while after leaving this institution he
taught school, but soon entered the employ
ment of W. A. Brown as a clerk in his store
at JacksonviUe. In the faU of 1889 Mr.
Roberts started for himself purchasing the
Porter grist and saw mUl, where he has done
a prosperous and flourishing trade. To this
occupation he has added a widely spread
traffic in fertilizers, all kinds of farming im
pleraents and machinery, and also conducts
a large business in vehicles and a livery
stable. He is, besides, a speculator to a
considerable extent in wool and all kinds of
live stock.
He was united in raarriage, March 11,
1891, to Clara, daughter of J. W. Sawyer of
Sadawga. Mr. Roberts is an active Demo
crat and raost loyal to his party. He takes
a very active interest in all village, town and
county affairs. For three years he has been
the first constable of his town, and has acted
as the treasurer of the North River Manu
facturing Co.
He belongs to the Universalist church,
and has also joined the Masonic fraternity,
being an active raeraber of Unity Lodge,
No. 89, of Jacksonville.
ROBERTSON, JOHN, of Bellows Falls,
son of WilUara and Christian (Ross) Rob
ertson, was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia,
Oct. 4, 1824. The parents of Mr. Robert
son carae frora Scotland and settled and for
a tirae hved in Putney, but afterward re
moved to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where they
remained about three years. When he was
about a year old his parents returned to Put
ney, where his father enga,ged in the manu
facture of paper.
He was educated in the common schools
of Putney and in the larger school of life,
which so eminently quahfies raen for its
duties and responsibihties. He entered upon
the paper raaker's trade with his father at an
early age, and by hard work and diligent
study acquired a thorough knowledge of the
raethods and management of the business
and was fully qualified for his after life. At
the age of eighteen he was given his time,
and, in connection with a brother, began the
manufacture of paper on his own account in
Putney. In 1872 he began business in Bel
lows Falls, under the firm name of Rob

ertson, Moore & Co. In 1882 this co
partnership was dissolved and the firm of
John Robertson & Son was forraed and con
tinues to the present time. In 1882 their
spacious factory which they now occupy was
built. The same year he raoved to BeUows
Falls, still continuing to hold a large interest
in the Putney mills in addition to the Bel
lows FaUs concern.
Mr. Robertson is a consistent advocate of
RepubUcan principles, and was elected rep
resentative to the General Court from Putney
in 1867 and 1868, serving on the committee
of raanufacturing and corporations. Upon
his becoraing ehgible in 1884, he was chosen
by his fellow-citizens of Rockingham to rep
resent them in the Legislature.

^^^m¥"

¦f^ ...

JOHN ROBERTSON.

Mr. Robertson is a member of the Golden
Rule Lodge, F. & A. M., and has filled the
ofifices of J. W., S. W. and Master, and is a
firm believer in the principles of the order.
He was raarried, Oct. 5, 1846, to Nancy
J., daughter of Jaraes and Mary (Smith)
Black. Of this union were : Mary C, Charles
E., Helen C. (deceased), Jennie M., and
Jennie C. (deceased). Mrs. Robertson died
August 15, 1886. On Oct 10, 1888, he was
again married, to Stella M., daughter of
Thomas and Mary (Chilson) Dana. One
child, Marion D., was born to them. Mrs.
Robertson died June 11, 1892.
ROBERTSON, William, of Putney, son
of George and Margaret (Benson) Robertson,
was born in Hartford, Conn., June 15, 1822.

ROBERTSON.

ROBINSON.

339

His parents moved to Putney in 1823,
¦where he received his early education. After
locating in Putney his father formed a
partnership with his brother for the raanu
facture of writing paper, which continued
until 1828, when he put up a raiU in the vil
lage for the manufacture of the sarae by
hand. No sooner was this completed than
a freshet carried it away but he soon erected
.a new miU and operated it until 1837, when
he comraenced the manufacture of straw

WILLIAM ROBERTSON.
paper, young Robertson working with him
¦untU 1840 when on account of serious re
verses his father and he failed. Young Robert
son without a doUar bought the raill and fol
lowed the business untU 1865, when he began
the manufacture of tissue paper with fresh
machinery and a new raill and is now carry-
,ing on the business.
At the time of the St. Albans raid the state
mihtia was organized and Mr. Robertson was
made captain of Co. B. This force was
maintained for several years, but was never
called on for service.
Captain Robertson is a Republican and
has represented his town in the Legislature,
doing creditable service in that body.
Captain Robertson was married in Mont
peher, Oct. 2, 1834, to Abbie A., daughter of
Dr. Amore and Abigail (Drown) Benson, of
Landgrove. Of this union are three chil
dren : Frederick E., Frank M., and Helen.

He is a prominent Mason, belonging to
the Golden Rule Lodge, of Putney, and the
Brattleboro Coramandery and Chapter.
ROBINSON, George Wardsworth,
late of Bennington, son of Capt. Heman
and Betsey (Wardsworth) Robinson, was
born in Bennington Centre, Jan. 14, 1819.
Grandson of Gen. David Robinson, who took
part in the battle of Bennington. He was
educated in the public schools and academy
of Bennington, and when he arrived at raan's
estate he took his departure for New York
City, where he was employed as a clerk in a
carpet store, but at the soUcitation of his
grandfather returned to Bennington in 1843,
taking charge of the general's estate. Later
he became proprietor of the WaUoomsac
House, and was also eraployed as an
auctioneer. PoUtically Mr. Robinson was a Deraocrat
and was forraerly postraaster at Bennington
Centre. ' He was a charter raember and the
first president of the Bennington Historical
Society, to which he devoted much tirae and

GEORGE WARDSWORTH ROBINSON.
labor. He was also much interested in the
erection of the Bennington battle monument,
and he is the fortunate possessor of a very
fine coUection of relics relating to the battle
which are of much historical interest.
Mr. Robinson was united in raarriage,
April 8, 1840, to Jane E., daughter of Joseph
N. Hinsdill, of Hinsdillville. To them nine
children were born : David, Mrs. Fannie

340

ROBINSON.

ROGERS.

Harrison of San Francisco, Chester H.,
Heman, Agnes J., Sarah Fay (Mrs. Samuel
B. HaU), Carrie H., Jennie E., and George A.
ROBINSON, John C, of Jamaica, son
of John P. and Mary R. (Cheney) Robin
son, was born in Jamaica, Sept. 12, 1840.
He pursued the usual educational course
in the comraon schools of his native town,
and supplemented this by study at the Le
land and Gray Seminary at Townshend and
the Methodist Seminary of Springfield.
After leaving school, at the age of twenty,
he opened a photographer's estabhshraent,
in which he was employed for five years ; he
then closed out his business and gave his
services to the West River National Bank of
Jamaica as teUer, reraaining there until 1875.
He was elected treasurer of the Jamaica Sav
ings Bank in 1873 and has since held that

¦^N

Jtr-

JOHN C. ROBINSON.
position. When the charter of the national
laank expired in 1885 the savings bank
bought its building and has since carried on
a business which has greatly prospered under
the able management of Mr. Robinson.
Mr. Robinson was wedded June 10, 1878,
to Ella J., daughter of John and Maria
(StoweU) Cheney. Four children have been
born to them : John S., Carroll C. (who was
a messenger in the Legislature of 1892), Roe
E., and Mary, aU of whora are living.
He has been the incumbent of several
ofificial positions, was made coUector of taxes
in 1882, and was superintendent of schools

for several years ; also justice 'of the peace
town agent and town grand juror.
Mr. Robinson is a Repubhcan and was
postmaster from 1877 to 1885, and in 1892
he was elected to represent Jamaica in the
General Assembly.
ROGERS, Nathaniel Sewall, of New
port, son of Nathaniel and Mary (Smith)
Rogers, was born in Moultonboro, N. H.,
June 7, 1840. When he was five years of
age his father moved to Newport Centre,
where he commenced to clear and cultivate
a farm, in the labor of which his son assisted,
whUe pursuing his studies at the pubUc
schools. The father, at the age of fifty-
seven, entered the array Oct. i, 1862, in Co.
H, 15th Regt. Vt. Vols., fighting in defence
of the Union. On March 9, 1863, was taken
prisoner by Mosby, at the tirae General
Stoughton was taken, and confined in Libby
Prison and finally exchanged, when he re
turned to his horae completely broken in
health. During this period the subject of this
sketch took his father's place, supporting the
faraily during his absence. After his father's
return, prompted by a conscientious desire
to serve his country (having been prevented
up to this time by iUness), he enlisted Sept.
15, 1863, as a private in Battery M, ist Vt
Heavy ArtUlery. Having been mustered
into service in Brattleboro, Mr. Rogers first
served in the defences of Washington, and
subsequently, in the battle of Spottsylvania,
was the first man wounded in his regiment,
in consequence of which disaster he lost his
right leg, and was discharged from the Mont
pelier Hospital Sept. 14, 1865.
At the conclusion of the war he returned
to Newport Centre, and, having previously
purchased his father's farm, continued to
carry it on tUl the death of his parents. In
1880 he moved to his present village resi
dence. He was naturally a Republican, and as
such has held many positions of trust. Was
justice of the peace for fourteen years ; and
in September, 1892, was elected assistant
judge of Orleans county.
Judge Rogers was united in marriage
Sept. 25, 1866, to Mary E., daughter of
Rufus and Philinda (Oaks) Whipple of
Newport Centre. Three chUdren were the
issue of this marriage : Elraer C, Ernest
S., and Jennie G.
Judge Rogers has been adjutant, chaplain,
and coraraander of T. B. Alexander Post,
No. 26, G. A. R., and for the past year held
the office of assistant inspector department
Vt. G. A. R. He has been connected with
the executive committee, and teacher and
member in the Sunday school of the Free

ROONEY.

ROOT.

341

Will Baptist Church, -with which he united
at the age of nineteen years.
ROONEY, MICHAEL F., of Mendon,
son of Thomas and Ellen (McLaughlin)
Rooney, was born in West Rutland, Dec. 27,
1863.

y 1-

payment bill, which measure becarae a law
of the state. He was largely influential on
the coraraittees on highways and bridges.
Two years afterward he again received the
same compliment, though opposed by one
of the strongest and ablest RepubUcans of
the town. In this Legislature he also dis
played the same vigor as at first, doing duty
again on the same committees as before.
In his religious preferences Mr. Rooney
is a Catholic, but he has always been a
hearty and liberal supporter of all Christian
institutions. ROOT, Henry Green, of Bennington,
son of Ehsha and Betsey (Moseley) Root,
was born in Greenfield, Mass., Sept. 18,
1818. His early education was received in the
pubhc schools of Greenfield, and this was
supplemented by a course of study at FeUen-
burg and Deerfield academies.
At the age of seventeen he entered the
employ of Boynton & Whitcomb, at Temple
ton, Mass., to learn the manufacture of tin
ware. Four years later he formed a partner
ship with Luther R. Graves and soon after

MICHAEL F. ROONEY.
Receiving his early education in the pub
lic and private schools of West Rutland and
Clarendon, he has later devoted rauch at
tention to study and reading, especially in
matters relating to state legislation. In
1888 he setded in the town of Mendon,
where he engaged in farraing and lumber
ing. His business has steadUy increased in
magnitude and prosperity, and he is now
running a steam saw mUl, which employs a
large force of hands. Though yet a young
man arid living in a rural comraunity, he has
met with unusual success financially and po
litically. A Deraocrat in political faith, and a resi
dent of a strongly Repubhcan town, he has
been the recipient of many responsible posi
tions at the hands of his feUow- citizens, and
has always discharged these trusts with
credit to himself and satisfaction to his con
stituents. In 1890 he was elected the rep
resentative from Mendon, an ample proof of
his popularity and the high esteem in which
he is held by aU his friends and neighbors.
In his first legislative experience he showed
hiraself an active and conservative raeraber
¦of the House, securing an appropriation for
his town, also introducing the fortnightiy

HENRY GREEN ROOT.
they estabhshed themselves in Bennington,
under the firm name of Graves Sz: Root, which
firra existed raore than fifty years, and for
raany years they were the largest producers
of tinware in Verraont. They estabUshed
the second National bank in Verraont, of
which Mr. Graves was president, and Mr.

342

ROPES.

ROSS.

Root vice-president, which ofifices they hold
at the present tirae.
He was a director of the board of the Ben
nington Battle Monuraent Association, and
chairraan of the executive coramittee at the
centennial celebration at that place.
He has been for raore than thirty years a
director of the Verraont State Agricultural
Society, serving three years as its president.
Forraerly a whig he is now a staunch ad
herent of the Republican party, was for sev
eral years raember and chairman of the state
committee and represented Bennington in
the Legislature in 1850 and 1857. In i860,
as elector at large, he voted for Abraham
Lincoln, and six years later he served two
successive terras as senator frora Bennington
county. Since 1857 he has been a raeraber of the
Congregational church, of which for several
years he has been a trustee.
Mr. Root raarried, Dec. 23, 1846, Cath
erine L., daughter of Sarauel H. and Sylvia
(Squires) Blackraer, of Bennington, who
died in Septeraber, 1887. Two children
were the fruit of the union : Sarauel H., and
Catherine E. (Mrs. WilUara A. Root). On
Jan. 23, 1889, Mr. Root raarried Mary A.,
daughter of Dr. Nathan and Esther (Conkey)
Gale, of Orwell.
ROPES, Arthur, of MontpeUer, son of
George and Miriam (Johnson) Ropes, was
born in Newbury May 5, 1837.
He obtained. his early educational train
ing in the coraraon schools and St. Johns
bury Acaderay, and was for a time a raeraber
of the class of 1864 in Dartmouth CoUege.
He became a teacher in the comraon schools
of Verraont, then was assistant in St. Johns
bury Acaderay and afterwards promoted to
be the principal of the high school of that
viUage. Impaired health induced him to
spend a year in outdoor hfe in the Lake Su
perior region. He then gave his attention
to business affairs and was eraployed as tel
ler in the Passurapsic National Bank, which
he quitted to become the cashier of the
Northfield National Bank of Northfield. He
next engaged in manufacturing at Waterbury
and Montpelier and in 1880 he entered the
business ofifice of, and soon becarae a writer
upon the editorial staff of the Verraont
Watchman. During Mr. Prescott's owner
ship of the Watchman Mr. Ropes was its ac
tive editor. In 1886 he began the publica
tion of the Rural Vermonter at Montpelier,
and in 1888 his enterprise and energy dis
played itseU in the formation of an associa
tion of business men in Montpeher and
Washington county, entitied the Watchman
Pubhshing Co., for the purpose of purchas
ing the Watchman and uniting with it the
Vermonter. This was accomplished and

Mr. Ropes has since filled the editorial chair
of the Watchman and is the business mana
ger of the company, of which he is a direc
tor and the clerk.
Though a Republican he holds no politi
cal ofifice and his arabition does not run in
that direction, but in that of conducting~a
newspaper influential in advancing the ma
terial and moral welfare of the people of the
state.

ARTHUR ROPES.

Mr. Ropes was married June 28, 1864, to
Mary J., daughter of George W. and Char
lotte (McNider) Hutchins. They haveUwo
daughters : Charlotte, and Laura L.
ROSS, Jonathan, son of Royal and
Ehza (Mason) Ross, was born AprU 30,
1826, at Waterford. Jonathan Ross, the
grandfather of the judge, moved from Massa
chusetts to \\'aterford in or about the year
1795. There he cleared away the forest and
cultivated a farra on which he supported
himself, wife and family of six children, of
whom Royal, the father of the subject of this
sketch, was the second son.
Jonathan Ross received the excellent ed
ucation ordinarily imparted in the common
schools of Verraont, and fitted for college in
the academy at St. Johnsbury. Matriculating
at Dartraouth CoUege in 1847, he graduated
frora that institution in 185 1.
Up to the close of his twenty-first year
Mr. Ross had a practical acquaintance wit:h

agricultural labor on his father's farm.

His

summers were occupied in the cultivation

ROWELL.

ROWELL.

343

of its acres, and his winters, between the
ages of eighteen and twenty-five, in teaching
'n the pubhc schools of Verraont, New
Harapshire, and Massachusetts. In this
pursuit he achieved unusual and decided
success. After graduating frora college he taught in
Craftsbury, and was principal of the acaderay
at Chelsea. While residing in the latter
town he studied law in the ofifice of Judge
WilUara Hebard, and was adraitted to the
bar of Orange county Jan. i8, 1856.
In 1856 Mr. Ross contracted a legal co
partnership with A. J. Willard, Esq., of St.
Johnsbury, which continued for nearly two
years. After that he practiced by hiraself
until 1865, when he was associated with G.
A. Burbank, Esq. This connection lasted
for twelve raonths, and was succeeded in
1869 by partnership with Mr. W. P. Smith.
The latter relation existed until the follow
ing year, in which Mr. Ross was elected a
judge of the Supreme Court.
Judge Ross has taken an active and influ
ential part in the public affairs of Vermont.
From 1858 to 1868 he was treasurer of
the Passumpsic Savings Bank. Under his
fiduciary management the corporation never
lost a doUar. In i862-'63 he was state's
attorney for Caledonia county. In 1865,
1866, and 1867 he was sent to the Legisla
ture as the representative of St. Johnsbury,
and served effectively on the judiciary and
other committees. lie was for sorae years
before 1870 an active and influential mem
ber of the state board of education. In
1869 he was a member of the last Council
of Censors held in the state. In 1870 he
was returned by Caledonia county to the
state Senate, and in the sarae year was
elected sixth assistant judge of the Suprerae
Court. In 1890 he was elected chief judge
of the Supreme Court, which position he
now worthily fills.
Mr. Ross was married on the 2 2d of No
vember, 1852, to Ehza Ann, daughter of
Isaiah and Carohne (Bugbee) Carpenter.
Eight children were born to them ; Caroline
C, Elizabeth, Helen (deceased), JuUa (Mrs.
Dr. Aldrich, of Somerville, Mass.), Martha,
Edith, Edward Harlan, and John. Mrs. Ross,
who was a sister of Judge Alonzo P. Carpenter
of the New Harapshire Supreme Court, died
some years since, and Judge Ross married
for his second wife. Miss Helen Daggett.
ROWELL, George Barker, of Bar
ton Landing, son of Adonirara Judson and
Lucy A. (Richardson) RoweU, was born in
North Troy, March 30, 1846.
After the usual course of instruction in the
common schools, his educational training
was pursued in the Missisquoi Valley and St.
Johnsbury Acaderaies, and subsequently he

graduated frora the Burlington Medical Col
lege, June, 1872, as a practitioner of the
homoeopathic school. For some time he
was employed as a teacher in the Richford
graded and public schools, but soon after his
graduation commenced the practice of his
profession in his native town. He reraoved
to Irasburg in 1873, where he continued in
the sarae occupation till 1891, when he
carae to Barton's Landing. Here he be
came a general dealer in horses, cattle, wag
ons and other articles. In connection with
a partner he purchased a large farra at Iras
burg. During the war Mr. RoweU served as a
clerk in the quarterraaster's department un
der Captain Dunton, at City Point, Va., in
1864. For four years he discharged the
duties of town superintendent of Irasburg.
In his political creed he inclines to the
principles of the Republican party and is a
Congregationahst with respect to his rehg
ious preferences.
He is a master Mason in good standing
and unites with Missisquoi Lodge, No. 9, at
Richford. He was united in wedlock Jan. i, 1873, to
Isadore, daughter of Daniel and Susan (Per
kins) Darhng of MasonviUe, P. Q., who died
August 20, 1876. Mr. RoweU contracted a
second aUiance Sept. i, 1891, with Etta,
daughter of Hugh and Jennie (Rowan)
Grant of Pembroke, Ont., the fruit of whicli
union is one son : Hugh Grant.
ROWELL, JOHN W., of Randolph, was
born in Lebanon, N. H., June g, 1835.!
The early education of Judge Rowell was
received in the common schools and at the
West Randolph Academy. There he was
thoroughly prepared for admission to college
a year in advance. Circumstances, however,
conspired to prevent his graduation. Choos
ing the profession of law, he entered in
1856 upon its study in the ofifice of Jefiferson
P. Kidder, ex-Lieutenant Governor of Ver
raont, afterwards one of the judges of the
Suprerae Court of Dakota, and a delegate
to Congress frora that territory. From 1857
to the winter of 1858 he studied in the ofifice
of Judge Edmund Weston, and also attended
a course of lectures in the law coUege es
tablished by Judge Hayden and other gen
tieraen at Poland, Ohio. At the June terra
in 1858 he was adraitted to the bar of
Orange county. Mr. Rowell at once asso
ciated himself in partnership with Judge
John B. Hutchinson. This connection con
tinued untU the latter part of 1859, when
Judge Hutchinson accepted the position of
cashier of the Northfield Bank, which he
held untU 186 1. He then returned to Ran
dolph and again entered into partnership
with his old business associate. This new

344

ROYCE.

ROYCE.

relation lasted until 1866, when it was dis
solved by reason of the Ul-health of Judge
Hutchinson. Mr. RoweU removed to Chi
cago in February, 1870, and entered into
business connection with John Hutchinson,
formerly U. S. Consul at Nice. In Septem
ber, 1871, he returned to Randolph, re
sumed legal practice in his old horae, and
has since made it his perraanent residence.
During the legislative sessions of 1861 and
1862, Mr. Rowell represented Randolph in
the General Asserably, and was distinguished
as the youngest raember, except one, of the
House. He served both sessions upon the
judiciary committee. He also rendered ex
cellent service on other committees. In
1862 and 1863 he efificiently filled the ofifice
of state's attorney for Orange county.
In 1874 he was elected a state senator
from Orange county and served as chairraan
of the committee on the asylum for the insane
and also on the committee on the judiciary.
From 1872 he was for eightyears reporter of
the decisions of the Supreme Court. Mr.
RoweU had by his learning in the law and
his great skill in active practice become one
of the leaders of the Vermont bar when Gov
ernor Farnham, Jan. 11, 1882, appointed hira
sixth assistant judge of the Supreme Court.
The appointraent was to fiU a vacancy on the
bench occasioned by the promotions conse
quent on the death of Chief Judge Pierpoint.
Judge RoweU now holds the position of
second assistant judge of the Suprerae Court.
Judge Rowell was forraerly a director of
the Northfield Bank, and has been a director
and vice-president of the Randolph National
Bank since itsprganization.
He was raarried on the ist of August, 1858,
to Mary L., daughter of Rev. Leonard and
Hannah (Gilraan) Wheeler, of Randolph.
ROYCE, George Edmund, of Rut
land, son of Alpheus and Harriet (Moore)
Royce, was born in Orwell, Jan. i, 1829. He
is the seventh in lineal descent frora Deacon
Edmund Rice, who emigrated to America
from Birkhamstead, Hertfordshire, England,
in 1638, and settled in Sudbury, Mass. His
great-grandfather, Adonijah Rice, was the
first white child born in Worcester, Mass.,
and here resided until the latter part of his
life when he raoved to Bridport. He served
in several campaigns in the old French and
Indian war, and was one of the celebrated
band of scouts known as Rogers' Rangers.
His grandfather, Jonas Pice, held a comrais
sion as first lieutenant in the regular array
under General Washington, was present at
the crossing of the Delaware, the battles of
Trenton and Princeton, and shared in the
raisery and privations of Valley Forge. At
the close of the war he settled in Orwell and
was united in marriage to Elizabeth Carver,

a direct descendant of John Carver, first
Governor of Plymouth Colony. His father,
Alpheus Royce, bore the name of his ances
tors until middle life, when he changed the
orthography of the appellative to Royce, al
leging as his reason for the alteration that
the faraily of Rice was becoraing too numer
ous and would soon be likely to outnumber
the Smiths.
George Edmund Royce received his edu
cation in the public schools, followed by two
terms at the Troy Conference Academy. As
sisting his father in the labor of the farm
untU the age of nineteen, he was then em
ployed in the store of John Siraonds as clerk
at Watch Point, Shorehara, where he re
raained two years. PYora there he removed
to New York in 1850 and labored for one
year as salesman for Dibble, Frink & Co.,
wholesale dry goods dealers, then gave his

GEORGE EDMUND ROYCE.

services to Lathrop, Ludington & Co., who
were in the sarae line of business, and with
whora he reraained about seven years. In
1859 he, with others, organized the firm of
Robbins, Royce & Hard, wholesale dry
goods dealers, and two years after the con
cern was changed to Robbins, Royce &
Acker, which arrangement continued until
Jan. I, 1864, when, aUhpugh the business
was very successful and satisfactory, the
partnership was dissolved on account of the
faUing health of Mr. Royce and he removed
to Rutland, where he still resides. In 1865
he became interested in the Wardwell stone

RUGG.

RUSSELL.

345

channelling machine, which resulted in the
forraation of the Steam Stone Cutter Co., of
which corporation he became and has con
tinued one of the trustees and treasurer, also
being its general manager.
Mr. Royce was first married to Meriara
E., daughter of Samuel and Eliza M. (Bot
tora) Brewer, of Orwell, Feb. 5, 1857 ; she
died March 2, 1866 ; he then wedded Mar
tha A. Brewer, sister of his first wife, Sept. 6,
1866 ; he contracted a third alliance with
Ellen C. White, of OrweU, Nov. 4, 1875. His
children by his first wife were : Fannie E.
(Mrs. Charles N. Drowne), George B., Julia
M. (died in infancy), Kate M. (Mrs. C. H.
Hyde, of Rutland) . By his second wife he
had : Jane M., Robert S. (died, in Naples,
Italy, Jan. 27, 1890), Julia E. (Mrs. Freder
ick Forest Dowlin, of North Adaras, Mass. ;
died Oct. 13, 1893). Frora his last raar
riage there are issue : Edmund W., Thomas
J., Pauline M., Albert A., Henry M., Richard
H., and John C.
Mr. Royce was one of the original incor
porators and directors of the True Blue
Marble Co., and since 1887 has been its
treasurer and raanager. Since the organiza
tion of the Baxter National Bank he has also
been a director of that institution.
He is a Deraocrat in his political prefer
ences and a bi-metalist, and has five tiraes
been elected to the position of selectman in
the town of Rutland, besides holding many
other local offices. He has large real estate
interests in Rutland and the West. He is a
Universalist in his religious creed, and
one of the trustees of St. Paul's church, Rut
land, and a sustaining meraber of the Y'. M.
CA. RUGG, David Fletcher, of Hartland,
son of William W. and Rachel (Dodge) Rugg,
was born in Londonderry, Dec. 15, 1852.
He received his education at the West
River, Chester and Black River Academies,
and from the early age of fifteen was a
teacher during the winter terms in the
schools of Winhall, Shaftsbury, Ludlow and
Weathersfield. While thus engaged he stUl
found time to pursue the study of medicine,
to which profession he had resolved to de
vote the labors of his life. Commencing his
researches in the ofifice of Dr. W. F. Eddy,
of Londonderry, he became a student in the
medical department 'of U. V. M., and after
wards entered the same department of Dart
mouth College, and finally graduated frora
the U. V. M., 1876, as valedictorian. He
received the facuUy prize for best thesis.
In the same year he took up his abode in
Hartland, and, occupied in practicing his
profession, has continued to make this town
his residence.

Dr. Rugg was united in raarriage, Dec.
28, 1881, to Julia A., daughter of Albert D.
and Sarah (Goddard) Hagar. One child
has been born to thera : Harold Goddard.
An active Republican, Dr. Rugg has been
for years a member of the town committee.
He has been chairman of the State Board of
Censors, town superintendent of schools, and
also served on the County School Board.
For raany years he has been a raeraber of

DAVID FLETCHER RUGG.

the I. O. O. F., and he is enrolled in the
Verraont Medical Society, of which he was
vice-president in 1883, and in the Araerican
Medical Association, White River VaUey and
Connecticut River Valley Societies. He was
also a raember of the Ninth International
Congress of Physicians, held at Washington,
D. C, in 1887.
RUSSELL, Chandler Miller, of Wil
mington, son of Jordan H. and Harriet L.
(Partridge) RusseU, was born in Wilming
ton, Dec. 7, 1842.
His early education was received in the
pubhc schools and he fitted for coUege at
Wesleyan Academy, graduating in 1865.
In 1862, while pursuing his academic
course, he returned to his native state and
enUsted in Co. F, i6th Vt. Vols., and partici
pated with this regiment in the battle of
Gettysburg, being raustered out of service
August 10, 1863.
Subsequently he creditably filled the posi
tion of principal of the 'Wilmington high
school, and in 1867 engaged in mercantile

346

RUSSELL.

RUSSELL.

business in that town, which pursuit he fol
lowed until 1878. Three years later Mr.
RusseU again resuraed the profession of
teaching, and in 1882 entered the National
College of Elocution and Oratory at Phila
delphia, graduating in 1884. In connectio'n
with Mrs. RusseU he then traveled through
New England and New Y'ork, giving pubhc
readings, which were received with raarked
favor. For the last six years Mr. RusseU
has traveled extensively, lecturing upon pop
ular subjects, in which enterprise he has
been unusually successful.

CHANDLER MILLER RUSSELL.
He was united in raarriage in June, 1877,
to Gertrude E., daughter of Lorenzo and
Beulah (Blanchard) Bowen of Readsboro.
Of this union one child was born : Blanche
Leone. Mr. Russell was one of the incorporators
of the Mount Vernon Institute of Elocution
and Languages of Philadelphia, and at pres
ent holds the position of director. He has
held raany iraportant local offices, always
discharging faithfully and conscientiously
the trusts reposed in hira. In 1891 he was
elected a counciUor of the Araerican Insti
tute of Civics, New Y'ork City. He is a
frequent contributor to the colurans of vari
ous newspapers and periodicals, and is now
coUecting raaterial for a history of the i6th
Vermont Regiment, and, with the aid of an
excellent private library and his own per
sonal endeavor, keeps weU informed with
regard to all matters of current interest.

For nearly thirty years Mr. RusseU has
been a Free Mason, holding various honora
ble positions in the order, and he is promi
nent in the G. A. R.
He is the raanager of an extensive insur
ance business, but stiU devotes sorae time to
filling engagements on the platform.
RUSSELL, George Kendal, of Bel
lows Falls, son of Willard and Abigail E.
(Ward) Russell, was born in Cabot, AprU 11,
1841. Having received his early education at the
common schools and the Frankhn (N. H.)
Academy, he raoved with his parents to Law
rence, Mass., and frora thence to Exeter, N.
H., where he engaged in the raanufacture of
paper with his father, coraraencing his busi
ness career at the early age of seventeen.
Like so raany of our youth, he felt the
raartial ardor of the time and in 1862 enUsted
in Co. E, ISth N. H. Regt., and served till
that organization was mustered out of service.
In 1870, he purchased the interest of his
father in the Exeter mill and continued by
himself tiU 1873, when he disposed of the prop
erty and removed to Bellows FaUs, where he
again entered into a business connection with
his father, buying a paper mill which the firm
operated tiU 1879, when, the father seUing
his interest to the son, the latter erected a
pulp mill. Twelve years afterwards he sold
this to the Fall Mountain Paper Co., and,
after disposing of his other manufacturing
property to the Robertson & Coy Paper Co.,
retired frora active business life.
Always a. Repubhcan he held raany ofificial
positions in the towns of Brentwood, N. H.,
and Exeter, and has also devoted rauch time
to Free Masonry, being a raeraber of King
Solomon's Lodge, No. 45, of Bellows FaUs,
Abenaqui Chapter, and Beauseant Com
raandery, of Brattleboro, while his name is on
the roU of Mt. Kilborn Lodge, K. of H., and
E. H. Stoughton Post, No. 34, G. A. R.
Mr. Russell, Nov. 9, 1863, espoused Annie
A., daughter of Mark and Elizabeth (Flagg)
Colbath. Of this union there are three hving
children : Willard T., Lizzie W., and Grace L.
RUSSELL, JULIUS W., of Burlington,
son of William P. and Lydia (Miner) Rus
seU, was born in Moira, N. Y., Sept. i, 1846-
Receiving his early instruction at the
academies of WiUiston and Shelburne, he
entered W^esleyan University, Middletown,
Conn., September 1864, where he remained
two years, then changed to Yale CoUege,
where he graduated in 1868. He was then
principal of Hinesburg Academy until De
cember, 1 869, when he entered the law ofifice
of Judge WilUam G. Shaw of Burlington,
continuing with him tiU 1870, when he went
to New York City, where he attended the

RUTHERFORD.

RUTHERFORD.

347

Colurabia Law School. During the summer
of 187 1 he was in the ofifice of L. B. Engles-
by, Esq., of Burhngton, and was admitted
to the bar of Chittenden county at the Sep
tember term of the sarae year. He has made
Burhngton his home since that time, and
has made a specialty of commercial law.
Mr. RusseU married, Dec. 31, 1872, Kate,
daughter of Dr. Elraer and Emeline (Dud
ley) Beecher of Hinesburg. Their children
are : Flora E., WilUam J., and Elmer B.
For two years he was state's attorney and
was city attorney of Burhngton from 1889 to
1891. He has served as grand juror and
also school commissioner, and for tvvelve
years has been a justice of the peace.
He is a member of Washington Lodge, F.
& A. M., of BurUngton. His reUgious 'pro
fession is Congregational, and he is a
member of the Y. M. C. A.
RUTHERFORD, JOSEPH C, of New
port, son of Alexander and Sally (Clifford)
Rutherford, was born at Schenectady, N. Y.,
Oct. I, 1 818. His parents came to Vermont
in 1826, and settled at Burhngton in 1830.
It was in the high schools at Burlington he
received the principal share of his education.
At the age of twenty years he started out in
the world for himself. He early expressed
the desire to study raedicine, but his cir
cumstances were such that he was unable to
do so until 1842, when he entered the office
of Dr. Newell, then of Lyndon and after
wards of St. Johnsbury.
In May, 1843, he located at Derby, and
in December of that year was married to
Hannah W., daughter of Hon. Jacob Chase.
Of this union were five children, three of
whom are still living : Dr. Jacob C. of
Providence, R. I., Mrs. John S. Colby of
Chicago, and Mrs. George S. Woodward of
Chicago. In 1844 he resuraed the study of medi
cine in the oflfice of Dr. Moses F. Colby,
Stanstead, P. Q., and graduated at Woodstock
in 1849. 1° T851 he went to Blackstone,
Mass. In 1857 he returned to Derby, frora
where he reraoved to Newport in i860,
which place has been his horae since that
tirae. At the breaking out of the war of the re
bellion in 1861, he was coraraissioned sur
geon by Governor Fairbanks, and exarained
recruits for enlistment. He held this posi
tion until coraraissioned by Governor Hol
brook as assistant surgeon of the loth Vt.
Vols. Mustered into the U. S. service, he
iraraediately started for the front, where the
regiraent was assigned to duty in the defences
of Washington, D. C, and was stationed
near Edwards Ferry, Md. The regiment
remained here and in this vicinity about nine
months. When the army of the Potomac

was ordered to Gettysburg, Pa., the loth
Vt. was sent to Monocacy Station, Md., to
guard the rear of the array and the supplies.
After the battle of Gettysburg, the loth Vt.,
joined the army of the Potomac, and was
enrolled in the 3d division 3d army corps.
His first experience on the battlefield was
Nov. 26, 1863, at Locust Grove, Va., where
he received an injury that nearly cost hira
his life, and which resulted in a broken con
stitution and a crippled frarae. Notwith
standing its serious character, he reraained
at the post of duty, and was in every battle
in which his regiment participated, until
near the close of the war. In March, 1865,
he was promoted to be surgeon of the 17th
Vt. Vols., which regiment had but one battle
after he joined it, that of Petersburg, April
2, 1865. He was raustered out of the U. S.
service with the 17th Vt. Vols, in July, 1865,
after having served within a few days of
three years. His relations with the two
regiraents were, and with their survivors
have been to the present tirae, of a very
pleasant character. He won the respect
and esteera of both ofificers and raen, and
the ties of friendship that were there ce
mented with blood and hardship, have be
come stronger and stronger as time has sil
vered the locks of the surviving comrades.
And today, nearly thirty years after the war,
his comrades speak of Surgeon Rutherford
with deep feelings of gratitude and respect.
Directly after being raustered out of the
service he returned to his home in New
port, where he has since resided, and re
suraed the practice of medicine in civil life.
In 1866 he was coraraissioned examining
surgeon for pensions, which place he has
held to the present tirae, 1893.
He joined the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows in 1844, was made a Free Mason in
1866, and has taken all the degrees up to
and including that of the Knight Templar.
At an eariy day the doctor took a deep
interest in the anti-slavery cause, and was a
delegate to the first convention held by that
faction in Vermont. His first vote for pres
ident was cast for William Henry Harrison,
and when the Republican party was organ
ized he joined it, and has voted with it ever
since. In 1880 he was chosen by the Legis
lature a supervisor of the insane, which ofifice
he held for two years.
After a busy hfe of hardship and toU for
the relief of the sufferings of others, he has
retired frora the active practice of his pro
fession, and is now living in his quiet and
pleasant home in the peaceful enjoyment of
the fruits of his labors. His kindness to the
poor and destitute is limited only by his
means, and he is ever ready by kindly words
and deeds to cheer and solace the woes he
cannot altogether heal.

.348

SANBORN.

RYTHER, FRED E., of Dover, son of
Eaton and Mary A. (Morse) Ryther, was
born in Dover, August 26, i860.
He was educated in the schools of Dover
and has followed the vocation of farraing
since early raanhood, with the exception of
sorae tirae spent in teaching.
An ardent Deraocrat in poUtical faith, he
has been honored by his townsmen with
many positions of honor and represented
Dover in the General Asserably of 1890.

He enjoys the distinction of being the first
Deraocrat to represent the town since the
organization of the Republican party. He
has also served the town as selectman for
two terms and as superintendent of schools.
Mr. Ryther is an energetic and popular
young man, who has a life of much useful
ness before him, and that he is meeting the
expectations of his friends is evidenced by
his career.

SANBORN, ISAAC Wheeler, of Lyn
donviUe, son of Deacon Benjarain and Abi
gaU B. (Stanton) Sanborn, was born in Lyn
don, Feb. 16, 1833. His grandfather came

/

ISAAC WHEELER SANBORN.

to Wheelock from Sanbornton, N. H., which
was named in honor of the Sanborn faraily.
Isaac W. Sanborn received his education
in the schools of Lyndon, the Lyndon and
St. Johnsbury acaderaies and Newbury Sera
inary, finishing his school studies in 1855.
He has always been an extensive farraer,
owning originally, with his father, the land
•on which the village of LyndonviUe stands,
and has large interests in real estate and
banks. He is president of the Lyndon Sav
ings Bank, of the Caledonia County Publish
ing Co., and of the board of school direc
tors of the town of Lyndon. He has been
a justice of the peace for twenty years.

Pohtically, Mr. Sanborn is a RepubUcan
and cast his first presidential vote for John
C. Freraont in 1856. For thirty-five years
he has discharged the duties of the town
clerk and treasurer. For a quarter of a cen
tury he acted as secretary of the Caledonia
County Agricultural Society and served the
Y^oung Men's Teraperance Society of that
county in the sarae capacity.
He has always been identified with the
cause of education ; was one of the incorpor
ators and is at present secretary and treas
urer of the Lyndon Institute and Commer
cial College, to which he has been a liberal
contributor, so much so that the Sanborn
Student's Home, a fine boarding house
erected in 1891, was named in his honor.
To his financial abiUty have been entrusted
the funds of the \'illage of LyndonviUe since
its organization, and for several years he
acted as town superintendent of schools. In
1870 and 1872 he represented Lyndon in
the Legislature, serving on the committees on
education, the standing joint committee and
on the House coraraittee on rules. He was
assistant clerk of the House for two sessions,
and in 1870 delegate to the Constitutional
Convention. Mr. Sanborn has decided hterary tastes, is
a regular correspondent of the St. Johnsbury
RepubUcan, and in his earher days was a
frequent contributor to several leading New
York and Boston periodicals. At the cen
tennial celebration of the organization of the
town of Lyndon, July 4, 1891, Mr. Sanborn
was chairman of the executive committee.
In his religious behef he adheres to the Bap
tist denomination, and is a liberal contrib
utor to aU benevolent enterprises.
SARGENT, Caleb Cushing, of Cor
inth, son of Jonathan and Sarah (Marston)
Sargent, was born in Candia, N. H., Dec.
24, 1835. His ancestors in each family
branch were of English extraction. His pa
ternal ancestor, ^^^lliam Sargent, son of Rich
ard Sargent of the Royal Navy, was born in
England, in 1602, and came to Araerica, it is
said, on the Mayflower and landed at Ipswich,

SARGENT.

SARGENT.

349-

Mass., about 1630. He was one of the
twelve men who coraraenced the settleraent
of Ipswich, in 1633, and afterwards helped to
form settlements in Newbury and Hampton,
and in 1 640 was one of the eighteen original
proprietors, or commoners, who settled New
Salisbury, now known as Amesbury, Mass.
His great-grandfather, Moses Sargent, of
¦Candia, N. H., was a soldier of the Revolu
tion and one of the original proprietors and
leading raen of the early days of that town.
The early life of the subject of this sketch
was spent on his father's farm until he was
about eighteen years of age, when, under the
inspiration of his raother's counsels, he re
solved upon the attainment of a liberal edu
cation ; but the accomphshment of his pur
pose lay along the way of hardships and araid
difificulties whose solution seeraed at tiraes
uncertain and disappointing to his youthful
aspirations. However, by the dint of unmit
igated industry and perseverance, and by
resources derived from his individual effort,
mainly directed in the line of school teaching,
he was enabled to attain the purpose of his
early arabition. He pursued his preparatory
studies at Blanchard Acaderay, Pembroke, N.
H., and entered Dartraouth CoUege in 1856,
frora which he graduated in class of i860.
Iraraediately after corapleting his college
course he coraraenced the study of law in the
ofifice of Clark & Sraith, of Manchester, N.
H., and in 1861 carae to Corinth, and for
the corapletion of his legal studies entered his
name in the law ofifice of Robert Ormsby, of
Bradford. In 1857, Mr. Sargent was as
sistant at Blanchard Academy, and for four
years next previous to 1864, was principal of
the Corinth Academy, at Corinth ; and a
trustee and prudential officer of that institu
tion until its union with the CookviUe graded
school in 1876.
In 1863, being corapelled by inauspicious
circurastances to defer for a tirae his life
purpose of the legal profession, he devoted
himseU to trade, and since then has been
engaged chiefly in mercantile and general
business pursuits, with agriculture as a col
lateral avocation, and under different business
associations, but mainly in Corinth.
In i878-'79 Mr. Sargent discharged the
duties of assignee of the Union Mining Co.
of Corinth, and later was paymaster, clerk
and treasurer of the Vermont Copper Mining
Co.; also of the Y'erraont Copper Co., in
their several business operations at Pike HiU
and Vershire, until their suspension in 1883.
The noted Ely riot of July 2, 1883, which
necessitated the caUing out the state militia
to accompUsh its suppression, was conse
quent upon this suspension. At its early
inception it appeared to involve the destruc
tion of aU the company's valuable works, if
not the life of sorae of its officers, so intense

and uncontroUable was the maddened furor
of the men on the raorning of its first out
break. While rauch of truth and considera
ble of conjecture has been written relative
to the causes, scenes, and affairs of that
disastrous occasion, yet one fact reraains —
on the afternoon of that ominous Monday,
when the infuriated mob had taken the
control of affairs into their own hands, and
had surrounded the residence of the sick
president, left unprotected by police or
sheriff, and were howhng threats of violence
and devastation in every window and door
way, and the lives of the inmates seemed to
hang on the doubtful mercy of the frantic
assailants, that it was very largely due to the
heroically cool, frank, and conservative
action of the treasurer, in his conciliatory
efforts with the men on that occasion, and
unaided, that peace and order were terapo-
rarily restored and the backbone of the riot
partially broken, which doubtless saved the
great property frora destruction that in the
councils of the frenzied rioters was to have
been destroyed in early raorning.
For five years subsequent to 1863 Mr.
Sargent held the position of captain in the
state militia and becarae early in life a mera
ber of the Masonic order, officiating as raas
ter of Minerva Lodge for twelve years.
In the cause of teraperance reforra he has
taken an active interest, both in town and
state, having fiUed the ofifices of counselor
and treasurer in the Grand Lodge of Good
Teraplars and represented that grand body
in the Right Grand Lodge at Madison, ^^'is.,
in 1872, and has since been a grand ofificer
in the order of the Sons of Teraperance.
Judge Sargent is a Republican in his po
Utical proclivities and was a raeraber of the
first state Repubhcan convention, at Con
cord, N. H., in 1855, and has served as
member and chairman of the Orange county
republican coraraittee for several years. In
raatters of town he has occupied responsible
and conspicuous positions ; was superin
tendent of schools, justice of the peace, town
agent and selectraan for several years in suc
cession. For nineteen years he discharged
the duties of postmaster, was delegate to the
Constitutional Convention of 1870, and was
representative from Corinth in the Legis
lature of 1878, where he was an influential
raeraber of the House, serving as chairman
of one of its larger coraraittees. In 1886 he
was elected assistant judge at ttie county
court and re-elected in 1888, and in 1890
and 189 1 discharged the duties of county
auditor. In his rehgious preferences Judge Sargent
is a Congregationalist and has been an ac
tive raeraber and ofificer of that society in
Corinth for more than a quarter of a century.

35°

SA'WYER.

He married. May 28, 186 1, Cordelia Viva,
daughter of Theodore and Ruth Allen
(Tenny) Cooke of Corinth. Four children
were born of this union : Carl Theodore,
Edward Houghton, Carrie Delia, and Jennie
BeU.
SAWYER, Edward Bertrand, of
Hyde Park, son of Joshua and Mary (Keeler)
Sawyer, was born in Hyde Park, AprU 16,

'W<!^:

EDWARD BERTRAND SAWYER.
His education was obtained in public and
private schools, to some extent under the
care of a tutor, and during one term at the
People's Academy. His father was his first
instructor in the law, the study of which he
comraenced at eighteen years of age, reading
also in the ofifice of Hon. W. W. White, then
of Johnson. Appreciating the defects of his
early schooling, he adopted a systera of self-
education, taking Fowler's " Self Education,
Coraplete " for a guide and Benjarain Frank
lin for his model.
Three years of his early life he spent with
a brother who was engaged in trade in the
Province of Quebec, and while with him he
received a somewhat varied business train
ing, but he had a fixed inclination to the
practice of the law, and after the preparatory
study above referred to, was admitted to the
bar of LaraoUle county, at the June terra of
1849, 3.nd iraraediately coraraenced to prac
tice with his father. The same year he was
appointed clerk of the court, which ofifice he

held, with the exception of two years, until
September, 186 1, when he resigned to enlist
for the war. He again held this appointment
from 1868 to 1875, when he a second time
resigned, and since then has continued in
the practice of his profession.
In 1865 he interested hiraself in the arti
ficial breeding of trout, and was probably the
first raan in the state to engage in this enter
prise. Two years after he abandoned this
undertaking, to purchase the Lamoille
Newsdealer, a paper which he revivified
and edited for three years, devoting a large
share of its colurans to the advocacy of the
Portiand & Ogdensburg R. R. In 1870
he sold this journal and varied his experi
ence by becoraing the proprietor of the
American Hotel, and after seven years' man
agement of this concern, retired to resume
his professional labors, and since 1877 has
given these his exclusive attention.
Mr. Sawyer devoted aU his time from the
beginning to the end of the war to the
service of his country. He enUsted Sept
14, 1 86 1, having first raised and organized
Co. D, 5th Vt. Regt., and raised Co. I, ist
Vt. Cavalry. Upon the organization of this
body he was unanimously elected captain,
and in the retreat of General Banks down
the Shenandoah Valley received a severe
injury by a fall off his horse. Having been
previously promoted to major, though dis
abled, he did not suffer his energy to remain
idle, but recruited two hundred raen for the
regiraent at large, and in addition organized
Co. L and Co. M, forraing the sixth squad
ron of the regiraent, of which he was
colonel, when not in charge of a brigade or
detached on special service, until he resigned.
He was placed in the coramand of the 2d
brigade of Kilpatrick's division when that
general raade his raid upon Richmond, and
upon that occasion and raany others was
complimented for his efificient services by his
superior ofificers, though no record can be
found of his asking for promotion. In Sep
tember, 1863, he was wounded in the cheek
by a rebel sharpshooter, and though in no
great battles during the war was more than
forty times under fire. Colonel Sawyer or
ganized and was the first coramander of
Aaron Keeler Post, G. A. R., which was
named in honor of his raaternal grandfather,
a veteran of the Araerican Revolution.
Colonel Sawyer was raarried in June, 1849,
to Susan Alraira, daughter of Hon. Isaac
and Dorcas (Titus) Pennock. Of this mar
riage four children were issue ; Myra Ellen
(Mrs. F. N. Keeler), Edward B., Mattie
Helen, and Bertha Mary (deceased). In
August, 1866, he wedded Helen M. Pennock,
the sister of his first wife, by whom he had :
Alma Dorcas, Clarence Parsons, and Lucy
Etta.

SCARFF.

SCOTT.

351

Colonel Sawyer came from old Federal
and whig stock, and sang Harrison songs in
the political campaign of 1840. He was in
the convention which instituted the Repub
lican party in Vermont, and in that of 1856,
which nominated Ryland Fletcher for Gov
ernor of the state. He advocated Fremont's
election, and spoke in his favor in every
town in the county. An incident which
fell under his observation during his resi
dence in Canada, attracted his attention to
the subject of Araerican slavery, and he be
came a most bitter opponent of that institu
tion. He was privileged to hear some of
the joint debates of Douglas and Lincoln,
and ever after reraained an enthusiastic ad
mirer of the latter. He was the junior
raeraber and secretary of the Verraont dele
gation to the national convention of i860,
and an uncorapromising advocate of Mr.
Lincoln's noraination. He represented Hyde
Park in the Constitutional Convention of
1870, and favored the change to the bien
nial session. He is now a firra believer in
the theory that law, and law only, makes
money, and that the government can make
a dollar out of any material.
SCARFF, Charles Wayland, of Bur
Ungton, son of Emanuel H., and Mary
(Bowen) Scarff, was born in Bella, Iowa,
June 3, 1858.

CHARLES WAYLAND SCARFF.

His early education was received in the
public schools of that town, and he gradu
ated from the Iowa Central University in

1878, four years afterward receiving frora
his alma raater the degree of A. M.
Commencing his active life as a teacher
in the Marion county public schools, he
soon after located on a tract of governraent
land near Grand Island, Neb., where he was
eraployed as a book-keeper in a wholesale
hardware firra till 1885, when he went into
'the real estate business. As secretary of the
Grand Island Board of Trade he was largely
influential in securing the location of the
Baptist University for that place, and for this
institution he raised nearly thirty thousand
dollars while on a visit to the East, which
he raade for that purpose. He was also en
gaged in the erection of a business block
and a fine hotel of his own in Grand Island,
and in 1887 organized its Street Railway Co.
He has been a liberal benefactor to the
Baptist University, having contributed ten
acres of land for the building site, as well as
a large araount of tirae and raoney to supply
its various needs.
Mr. Scarff was married, June 3, 1882, to
Lestina, daughter of Daniel and Eraily Shep
ard Lebatt, of Grand Island, Neb. They
have had four children : Eraanuel (de
ceased), Eleanor May, Lestina Meda, and
Walter Talraage.
In the spring of 1891 Mr. Scarff came to
Burlington, where he has extensively engaged
in real estate and manufacturing operations,
mainly in developing and building up the
Scarff addition to Burlington. He is a Re
publican in his political views, but has never
accepted any office.
SCOTT, Olin, of Bennington, son of
Martin BiUings and Mary Ann (Olin) Scott,
was born in Bennington, Feb. 27, 1832. He
derives his hneage on his father's side from
Landlord Fay, of the historic Catamount Tav
ern, General Safford, Major Samuel BiUings,
and Jonathan Scott, while among his moth
er's ancestors were Capt. Moses Sage and
GUes OUn, aU of whom were pioneers in the
early settiement in the southern part of the
state and identified with the disputes concern
ing the New Harapshire Grants as well as
taking an active part in the war of the Revo
lution. The early educational advantages of Mr.
Scott were liraited to the district school, and
at the age of eleven he found eraployraent as
clerk in Troy and Albany, N. Y. In 1846-
'47, he attended the LTnion Acaderay, at
Bennington, supporting hiraself by his own
exertions. He then served an apprentice
ship of three years to learn the trade of raiU
wright, at the sarae time pursuing a systematic
course of study in engineering, and to increase
his proficiency in this science he attended the
North Bennington Academy for a year, then
worked at miU buUding untU he becarae fore-

352

SCOTT.

SENTER.

man of the Eagle Foundry and Machine
Shops in Bennington. Here he remained
tiU 1858, when he entered into a partnership
with Hon. S. H. Brown, of that place, to
operate the Bennington Machine Works.
This arrangement continued until 1863, when
he purchased the interest of his partner, and
in 1864 purchased the business and plant of.
the Eagle Foundry and Machine Shops. In
1865 after purchasing a property suitable for
that purpose, he erected thereon new build
ings, to which he transferred the plant of the
Eagle Foundry and also that of his own es
tablishment thus consoUdating the business
of both, carrying on the concern from that
tirae in his own name. A large part of the
raachinery used in the raanufacture of gun
powder during the war of the rebelhon and
since, was built by Mr. Scott, who has also
exported raachines for this purpose to various
parts of the world. In 1869 he built the

agent for the Laflin & Rand Powder Co., of
New Y''ork, and the DuPont Powder Co., of
Wilmington, Del. ; which position he still
holds, at the sarae tirae operating the Ben
nington Machine Works. His next venture
was the estabhshraent of a corapany for mak
ing machinery for the raanufacture of wood
pulp into paper stock and his improved New
England pulp grinder has acquired great
popularity in all parts of the United States
and Canada. In 1892, he was chosen to and
still holds the presidency of the Lasher Stock
ing Co., organized at Bennington, for the
manufacture of men's half hose. In addi
tion to the other business operations named,
he has continuously operated the Benning
ton Machine Works, to the management of
which he still gives his personal attention.
Mr. Scott was united in marriage in 1856
to Celeste E., daughter of Sarauel and Lydia
Gilbert of Salera, N . Y. Two daughters and
one son were the fruit of this union, none of
whora survive.
He has been for many years a member
and trustee of the Second Congregational
Church, and a meraber of the Masonic fra
ternity, in which latter he has taken the de
gree of Kt. Templar. He was one of the
originators of the plan for building the Ben
nington battle monument, is a director and
recording secretary of the Monument Asso
ciation and has ever taken an active part in
carrying out their designs. In this, as in
many other enterprises, Mr. Scott has well
served the interests of the community in
which he dweUs.
For many years he was town auditor and
has also served the village graded schools
and savings bank in the sarae capacity and
has acted as a trustee of the graded school,
being for two years chairraan of the board.
Mr. Scott for four years held the commis
sion of captain of Co. K., ist Regt, N. G.
v., and served two years on the staff of Gov
ernor Farnham with the rank of colonel.

OLIN SCOTT.

Lake Superior powder mills, at Marquette,
Mich., and became a stockholder in the same
and four years later became general superin
tendent of the Laflin & Rand Powder Co., of
NewYork. In 1882 Mr. Scott formed the
Ohio Powder Co., at Youngstown, Ohio, of
which company he was for several years vice
president and director. In 1884 he organ
ized the Pennsylvania Powder Co., Liraited,
at Scranton, Pa., of which corapany he was
president and director. In 1887, he sold his
interests in the above naraed powder com
panies and became consulting engineer and

SENTER, JOHN Henry, of MontpeUer,
son of Dearborn Bean and Susan C. (Ly
ford) Senter, was born in Cabot, Nov. 11,
1848. Having received his education in the com
mon schools and the high school of Concord,
N. H., he for many years was a school
teacher, having taught forty-three terms. He
studied law with Clarence H. Pitkin, Esq.,
and was adraitted to the bar in MontpeUer
at the March terra of 1879. Subsequently
he practiced his profession in Warren, but
in 1885 moved to Montpelier and formed a
partnership with Harian W. Kemp, the firm
doing both an insurance and law business,
which arrangement continued untU 1891. In
1885 he was elected a director and secretary

SENTER.

SHATTUCK.

353

of the Union Mutual Fire Insurance Co. at
Montpeher, which position he stUl retains.
For some years Mr. Senter has been the
attorney for Montpelier village and he is now
secretary of the Montpelier Board of Trade.
In 1888 he was admitted to the bar of the
United States circuit and district courts in
Vermont. Mr. Senter was raarried at Plattsburgh, N.
Y., Nov. 30, 1876, to Addie G., daughter of
Carlos and Mary (^Ainsworth) Martin. They
have five children : Frank Ginevra, Clarence
Hirara, Mabel Addie, John Henry, and Clara
May.

JOHN HENRY SENTER.

He is a Democrat and for twenty-one
years has been secretary and assistant sec
retary of the Vermont Deraocratic state com
mittee, has held the ofifice of justice of the
peace, superintendent of schools and other
minor positions. Mr. Senter was appointed
national bank exarainer under the first ad
ministration of President Cleveland. August
24, 1886, he was made United States cir
cuit court commissioner for the district of
Vermont, being appointed thereto by Judge
H. H. Wheeler. In January, 1894, Mr. Sen
ter was appointed by President Cleveland
and confirraed by the Senate United States
district attorney for the district of Vermont.
He is a member of I. O. O. F., affiliating
with Vermont Lodge, Thomas Wildey En
campment and Canton Montpelier.
While in Warren he was an untiring and
persistent advocate of the town system of
schools and after years of effort saw its

adoption in that town many years before it
becarae in 1892, by general law, the systera
for the state.

SHATTUCK, Martin, of Eden, son of
RandaU and Mary Ann (Thoraas) Shattuck,
was born in Belvidere, Feb. 5, 1842.
Mr. Shattuck received his intellectual
training at the comraon schools of Belvidere,
but his practical education was derived from
hard labor upon his father's farra where he
reraained till he was twenty-two years of
entered his cousin's store at
clerk. After two years at
raarried and went home to

age, when he
Waterville as
Waterville he
reside. Having decided to engage perraanentiy in
trade he returned to Waterville, first enter
ing business with his father-in-law, but soon
buying hira out. After continuing alone for
more than a year, in May, 187 1, he raoved to

MARTIN SHATTUCK.

Eden and with a very liraited capital to start
with for twenty-two years has conducted a
general country store with a constantly in
creasing volume of business. He is also
engaged in farraing and the production of
maple sugar. He is recognized where
ever known, as a safe and successful finan
cier and a liberal donor to public and re
ligious enterprises.
Mr. Shattuck married, Jan. 31, 1866,
Meribah Esther Hyde, daughter of William
and Betsey (Fuller) WUbur of WaterviUe.

354

SHAW.

SHAW.

They have two sons : Merton Carroll, and
Harlan William.
He has always favored the Republican
party in his political inclinations and while
at WaterviUe was raade assistant postmaster,
and after his removal to the town of Eden
he was appointed postmaster which position
he continued to fill for a period of about
twenty-two years. He has been raade select
man, auditor and trustee of public money
and in 1880 was sent to the Legislature,
being appointed a member of the coraraittee
on ways and means.
He has also knelt at the altar of Free
Masonry, being a meraber of Mt. Norris
Lodge of Eden, No. 69, and of Tucker
Chapter R. A. M.
SHAW, Albert J., of St. johnsbury,
son of John and Elizabeth (Harriman) Shaw,
was born in Barnet, March 2, 1830.
His educational advantages were confined
to the district and high school of Stephens-
ville, foUowed by a course of study in
Peacham Academy.
He naturally turned to those business pur
suits in which his early life had been passed,
and has devoted his attention to agriculture
and the manufacture of luraber. He re
sided in Victory from 1859 to 1890, when he
moved to St. Johnsbury.
His political record coraraenced in 1868,
when he was raade justice of the peace.
Two years later he was a delegate to the
Constitutional Convention from Victory, and
was the Republican representative of that
town in 1876 and 1884. For twenty years
he fiUed the position of town clerk and
treasurer, and then declined re-election,
while he manifested his interest in the cause
of education by acting, for nine successive
terras as the town superintendent of schools.
Mr. Shaw, actuated by patriotic zeal, en
listed in Co. I, 3d Regt., and was raustered
in at Burlington and iraraediately afterwards
dispatched to New Haven, Conn., where he
contracted a severe cold whUe on guard
duty, which was followed by heraorrhage of
the lungs, which trouble necessitated his
discharge Nov. 24, 1864, and frora which he
has never fully recovered.
For three years he held the office of chap
lain in Woodbury Post, G. A. R., of West
Concord, but on his removal to St. Johnsbury,
he transferred his membership to Chamberlin
Post of the latter place.
He was married, June 16, 1859, to Francis
J. M., daughter of N. S. and Sarah M. (Story)
Damon, of Kirby. Four sons have been
issue of this alliance : Albert H., Edward C,
William O., and Herbert J.
SHAW, Henry HatRIC, of West Brat
tleboro, son of John and Elizabeth (Harri

man) Shaw, was born in Barnet, Dec. 21
1842. His education was obtained at the Cale
donia grammar school and Middlebury
College, and he afterward pursued a course
in theology under the private instruction of
President Lord. For nearly three years he
also gave his attention to the study and
practice of the law in the ofifice of Mr. Hale
of Barnet. Resolving to devote his life to
the profession of teaching, he prepared him
self for his occupation by mastering the
Oswego Normal course. He had some ex
perience in his profession whUe preparing
for and during his college course, and acted
as principal for the New Haven Academy
for a year before his graduation. During a

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14 ,
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,^
^i^P
¦f^
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-  ' ^
HENRY HATRIC SHAW.
period extending frora 1865 to 1881 hewas
successively principal of the Chester-Acad-
eray, the Springfield high school, the Burr
and Burton Serainary of Manchester, and of
the Northfield graded school. In t88i he
was called to the charge of the Glenwood
Classical Serainary, in West Brattieboro,
where he still reraains.
Mr. Shaw was united in marriage, August
20, 1867, to Lucy F., daughter of John G.
and Frances Whiting, of Saxtons River.
This union has been blessed with three
chUdren: Harry WhUing, Anne Whiting
(died in infancy), and Minnie Whiting.
In 1870 Mr. Shaw was licensed to preach
by the Springfield and the Claremont Asso
ciation for the terra of four years, and two
SHAW.
years subsequently received the sarae privi
lege for life frora the Rutiand and Benning
ton County Association of Congregational
Ministers and Churches.
SHAW, Wilfred C, of GranviUe, N.
Y., son of James M. and Helen (Carver)
.Shaw, was born in Pawlet, Oct. 25, 1852.
His education was acquired in the cora
mon schools of Pawlet and also at the acad
emy of that place. After the completion of
his studies he engaged in the occupation of
farming on the place where he was born, and
to this he devoted the efforts of his life.
From the careful, methodical manner in
which he has pursued his vocation he has
raet with raerited success. His perceptive
powers and sound judgment backed by un
questioned integrity and indomitable energy
have placed him in the ranks of the leading
raen in his comraunity and have secured to
hira raany ofifices of honor and trust at the
hands of his fellow-townsmen, including that
of selectman and justice of the peace.
He was raarried at Middle Granville, N. Y.,
Jan. 14, 1874, to Mary, daughter of Benja
min and Margaret (Parry) Williams. Two
children have been born to them, one of
whom, Helen, is living.
SHEDD, William R., of Wells River,
son of Timothy and Susan (Reed) Shedd,
¦was born in Newbury, August 23, 1816.
His educational acquirements were ob
tained in the public schools of Newbury and
at Kimball Union Academy. His father,
who was a tanner, carae frora Rindge, N. H.,
to Wells River early in the present century,
bought an estate in that village, erected a
tannery and foUowed his trade for more than
twenty-five years He was a man of marked
sagacity and unusual business ability, and
his ambition increased with his opportuni
ties. He soon became engaged in farming,
lumbering, and general trade.
WUliara R. Shedd was the fourth of a fara
ily of seven, and has always lived in Wells
River with the exception of twenty years'
residence in the adjacent village of Newbury
prior to 1892. He remained with his father
tiU the tirae of the death of the latter in
1857, assisting him in the varied detaUs of
his business, and after his decease was for
some tirae employed in the administration
of the estate. About this time Mr. Shedd
transferred the tannery into a grist raill, and
after running this for a few years, sold it, as
weU as the raercantUe establishment, about
i860. He was united in marriage, May 28, 1850,
to Charlotte, daughter of Peter Biitler, of
Oxford, Mass. She died AprU 12, 1885,
leaving one daughter : Ruth Annie.

SHELDON.

355

Mr. Shedd has been for forty years offi-
ciaUy connected with the National Bank of
Newbury as director and president. For
five years he was a dhector of the state
prison, and under his management and that
of his colleagues the institution was made
remunerative.

WILLIAM R. SHEDD.
A loyal Republican from the outset, he
has been caUed to fill various positions of
public trust. Serving as lister repeatedly, he
was selectman for many years and chairraan
of the board during the trying period of the
civil war. His good judgraent, faithfulness,
and ability in public afifairs are evidenced by
his representing his town in the Legislatures
of 1863 and 1864 and his election to the
Senate frora Orange county in 1872.
SHELDON, Charles, late of Rutland,
son of Medad and Mary (Bass) Sheldon,
was born in Rutland, July i, 1814.
His early education was liraUed to the
district schools of the period, and at the
completion of his studies he labored for two
years upon his father's farm at Waddington,
N. Y. He then entered a cabinet shop and
learned the trade, but finding this occupa
tion uncongenial to his tastes, sought and
obtained eraployraent as a clerk in a coun
try store, but afterwards went to Montreal,
where at the age of eighteen he becarae
captain of a steam craft, and was afterwards
the master of a fine vessel plying on the St.
Lawrence and Ottawa rivers. He next en-

CHARLES SHELDON.

SHELDON.

SHEPARD.

357

¦gaged in the lumber trade with varied suc
cess in Troy and New York City, but in 1850
returned to his birthplace where he com
raenced the marble business, forraing a
partnership with David Morgan, Jr., and
Lorenzo Sheldon. After sundry changes in
the concern, in 1865 he associated with
hiraself his sons, Charles and John A. Shel
don. Subsequently a third son, 'WiUiara K.,
was adraitted as a partner, and in 1889 the
ifirra was incorporated as the Sheldon Marble
Co. Their business has been uniforraly
successful, and though twice teraporarily
suspended by fire, on each occasion the
works were rebuUt on a more extensive plan
than before, and upon the death of Mr.
Sheldon they consisted of three large mills
fully equipped, constituting one of the
largest raarble producing concerns in extist-
ence, which is well known throughout the
world. Mr. Sheldon has ever been the
practical head of this iramense business,
a,nd to his able management is chiefly ow
ing the prosperity which it has enjoyed.
He was united in marriage June 13, 1838,
to Janet, daughter of John and Janet (Som-
erviUe) Reid. To them were born seven
•sons and one daughter : John A., Charles
H., James S. (died in infancy), George P.,
Richard K., Janet S.(died in infancy), Archie
L., and William K. Mrs. Sheldon departed
this life in F^ebruary, 1859, and on Jan. i,
1862, he was united to Harriet D. Pierce,
daughter of Hon. George Redington of
Waddington, N. Y., who survives hira.
While Mr. Sheldon was a resident of the
state of New York he was an active partici
pant in poKrical afifairs, being a staunch
•whig, and at ome time an influential mera
ber of the whig\ state committee. He was
the political associate and friend of Horace
Greeley and Thurlow Weed, and was later
identified with the Free SoU party. He was
a warm admirer of James G. Blaine, and
his adrairation for the brUliant statesraan
was intensified by a soraewhat intimate per
sonal acquaintance. After his return to Rut
land, though firequently urged, he would
never accept public ofifice, devoting himself
•exclusively to his extensive business inter
ests. He died of pneumonia Nov. 3, 1889,
¦and was buried in the family vault in Ever
green cemetery. He was • a pleasant and
kindly raaster, and as thorough a workraan
¦as any of his subordinates. That he always
coraraanded their esteera and respect is a
fact araply demonstrated by the presence of
the five hundred men who came to partici
pate in the closing scenes of the draraa of
their eraployer's hfe, and the loss which the
•community sustained by his death was em
phasized by the closing of aU places of busi
ness during the hours of the funeral, out of
respect for the deceased.

SHEPARD, John Franklin, of South
Royalton, son of Isaac Stevens and Lucy
(Wheat) Shepard, was born in Sharon, Sept.
4, 1835. His great-grandfather was Moses
Shepard who was of Scotch descent, carae
frora Connecticut and was one of the first
settlers of Sharon. On his mother's side his
ancestors were English.
He received his education at the public
schools and at Royalton Academy. His
father moved frora Sharon to Royalton in
1848 and this town has been his home since,
with the exception of the years 1858 and
1859 when he went West, but returned to
Royalton before the breaking out of the
irebeUion.

JOHN FRANKLIN SHEPARD.

He enlisted in September, 1861, in the
2d Regt. Co. E, of Berdan's U. S. Sharp
shooters frora Verraont, and was one of the
few raen of that corapany who carried his
own rifle. In the winter of 1862 he con
tracted rheuraatisra and for that reason was
discharged from Judiciary Square Hospital,
Washington, D. C, April 19, 1862. Return
ing to Royalton he partially regained his
health, and in AprU, 1863, bought of his
father a part interest in the horae farm (Mill
Brook Farra) and miU property, and in 1866
bought out the entire property of his father
and engaged in farming and raanufacturing
luraber. Mr. Shepard is a staunch Republican and
represented Royalton in the Legislature of
1886. He has taken an active part in town
afifairs, has held various ofificial positions and

358

SHEPARDSON.

SHERMAN.

at present is chairman of the board of school
directors. Fie was a charter member of
OrviUe Bixby Post, No. 93, G. A. R., and has
taken an active part in that order. He is
also an energetic Patron of Husbandry and
in 1 89 1 and 1892 was Master of White River
Valley Pomona Grange.
November 25, 1863, he married Mary
Flynn, daughter of Jesse and Ann (Havens)
Button. They have five chUdren : Charles
F., Lucy A. (Mrs. A. B. Fowler), George S.,
John C, and Fred J.
SHEPARDSON, Samuel C, of West
Fletcher, son of Joel and Huldah (Good
rich) Shepardson, was born in Fairfax, Dec.
20, 1824. His father, Joel Shepardson, was
a man of excellent business ability, but his
principal vocation was farraing.
Sarauel was brought up at horae, receiving
his education in the schools of Fairfax and
Fletcher, and when he was fourteen years
old raoved with his faraily to the farra which
he now occupies. Possessed of a powerful
frarae, quick perceptions and unusual en
ergy, he soon developed a great capacity for
shrewd and skiUful farm management. He
has also been a successful financier, and
ranks among the raost wealthy citizens of
the town. Dairying and the production of
raaple sugar are his chief resources. He
has an orchard of 1400 trees, and raanufact
ures a raost excellent and remunerative
grade of sugar. He has solved the vexed
labor question by rearing two sons, who with
his assistance are fully capable of carrying
on the farm.
Mr. Shepardson was united in marriage,
Oct. 3, 1850, to Eraily, daughter of Joseph
and Junia (Montague) Robinson of Fletcher.
Of their four children, Joel A. died at
twenty-three, Mary in infancy, and Willie S.
and Herbert D. survive, being associated
with their father. WUhe is quite promi
nently co.nnected in town afifairs, having
been lister, and is at present a selectraan
and one of the school directors.
Mr. Shepardson is a Republican, and was
elected to the House in 1884, where he
served efificiently on the coramittee on agri
culture and federal relations.
His widely-known reputation for impartial
judgraent and strict integrity has often called
hira to the settleraent of estates, but he has
not accepted town ofifices though raany tiraes
urged to discharge their duties.
SHERMAN, OSCAR L., of WilliamsviUe,
son of Nathan and Mary (Howard) Sher
man, was born in Dover, Nov. 20, 1831.
The common schools furnished him with
his education. Leaving school at the age
of eighteen he labored for sorae tirae upon
his father's farra, and then raoved to WiU

iarasville, where he was eraployed for twO'
years as clerk in a general store. Attracted^
by the reports of the golden wealth of Cali
fornia, he eraigrated to that state and was a
successful rainer. Returning to Williams
viUe in 1855, he entered into partnership.
with G. L. Howe to do a general country
trade, and after the death of Mr. Howe, in
1865, Mr. Sherraan continued the business-
alone. In i860 and 1861 he was elected to the
Legislature as the candidate of the Demo
cratic party. In this body he served cred
itably during that important and critical
period. For four years he was postmaster
under the administration of President Buch-

OSCAR L. SHERMAN.

anan, which ofifice he resigned at the end of
his term. He is now vice-president and
director of the People's Bank of Brattieboro,
and the latter position he has held ever since
the organization of that institution. He
was also a trustee of the Windham County
Savings Bank for six years. Mr. Sherman
has been in his present store for thirty-seven
years, and is well known and respected as.
an upright business man, and a generous.
and kind-hearted neighbor.
He was raarried Sept. 10, 1856, to Betsy
C, daughter of Captain Aaron C. and Betsy
(Crosby) Robinson of Newfane. Three-
children have been born to thera, of whoirii
two now survive : Robinson M., and Al
bert N.

SHERMAN.

SHERMAN.

359

SHERMAN, Sidney Harvey, of Bratde
boro, son of Joseph and Chloe (Howard)
Sherraan, was born in Dover, May ii, 1828.
His ancestors, originally frora Germany,
emigrated to the neighborhood of London,
whence they came to Connecticut, at length
removing to Shrewsbury, Mass. His great
grandfather, Joseph Sherman, served in the
Revolutionary war, and his grandfather,
Nathan Sherman, after participating in Shay's
rebellion, eraigrated to Vermont and settled
in the eastern part of what is now the town
of Dover about 1790.

SIDNEY HARVEY SHERMAN.
Mr. Sherraan enjoyed the common advan
tages of the district schools, and only three
short terms in the vUlage academies, and
coraraenced his business career as a clerk in
the store of P. F. Perry, in Dover Center, in
1847, but being dissatisfied with his liraited
opportunities went to the city of New Y'ork,
where he engaged as book-keeper for the
New York Wire Mills. A year later he went
to Amherst, Mass., where he was employed
as a clerk for the next six years. After this
he engaged in trade on his own account at
WUliamsville, but sold out to his cousin, O.
L. Sherman, and went to Illinois, locating
on Fox river, in the town of Geneva, where
he remained about two years. He then re
turned to Dover and erected a store in the
vUlage of Rock River, and was instruraental
in establishing the postofifice at that place,
called East Dover, where for many years he
held the ofifice of postmaster. At the com

mencement of the war he was elected first
selectraan of the town, and becarae actively
interested in filling the required quota of
soldiers and in raising the requisite share of
the war expenses, in which he was so suc
cessful that no debt was left against this
smaU township, which raised no less than
$16,000 in a single year, although the popu
lation was but little raore than 600 individ
uals. In the spring of 1869 he associated
with hiraself in business Mr. L. H. Gould,
under the firra narae of Sherraan & Gould,
and in 1870 was chosen a delegate frora the
town to the Constitutional Convention at
Montpelier. He was for several years town
clerk of the town, and for eight years justice
of the peace, and at one time or another has
filled all the prorainent offices in the gift of
his town. He was elected to represent
Dover in the Legislature of the state for the
biennial terra of i872-'74.
Mr. Sherman was always actively interested
in the growth of the viUage of East Dover,
erecting new houses, a parsonage, remodel
ling the Baptist church and purchasing the
raUls in that place, investing therein several
thousand doUars and running the first circu
lar board saw ever used in the town, where
he carried on a very successful business in
the raanufacture of luraber, chair stock, sap
buckets and paUs, giving eraployment to a
number of raen. He also put in the first
portable grist raUl in town.
In 1875 he sold raost of his real estate in
Dover and raoved to Brattleboro. He was
engaged in the hardware store of C. F.
Thompson & Co. for one year, when he
bought out the insurance business of B. R.
Jenne, taking into partnership Clarence F.
R. Jenne, who becarae his son-in-law.
He was one of the original incorporators
of the Brattleboro Savings Bank and at one
time its vice-president, and has held for sev
eral terras the ofifice of justice of the peace,
which he holds at the present tirae. He has
always been identified with the social, relig
ious, and business interests of the town.
Mr. Sherman is by faith a Baptist and was
largely instrumental in raising the funds with
which to hquidate the debt incurred by the
erection of the present Baptist church struct
ure in Brattleboro, and served as one of the
building coraraittee when that edifice was
reraodeled in 1889. He is now and has been
for several years the clerk and treasurer of
the Windhara County Baptist Association.
Mr. Sherman wa^s chosen treasurer of the
Connecticut River Mutual Fire Insurance
Co. at a tirae when it had become financially
embarrassed, and by his arduous and judicious
labors the affairs of the corapany were set
tled upon a satisfactory basis and its debts
liquidated.

360

SHIPMAN.

SHORES.

In addition to his own nuraerous business
interests, his services have been frequently
sought after in the settleraent of estates and
other business relations.
Mr. Sherman was first raarried at Dover,
July 20, 1854, to Artie H., daughter of Aaron
P. and Hannah Perry. Of this union there
was one child, which died in infancy at
Geneva, IU. Mrs. Sherman died at Dover,
Feb. 16, 1858. Mr. Sherman again raarried
at North Leverett, Mass., Jan. 2, 1859, Mary
E., daughter of Joseph and Anna (Nichols)
Farnsworth, of Halifax. Of this union were
three children : Ida May (Mrs. Clarence F.
R. Jenne), Della M., and Clifton L. (editor
of the Hartford, Conn., Courant).
SHIPMAN, Elliot Wardsworth, of
Vergennes, son of Williara W. and Elizabeth
(Reed) Shipraan, was born in Brooklyn, N.
v., July 12, 1862. Both his paternal and
raaternal descent are frora old and weU-
known families who early settled in the val
ley of the Connecticut, and he is directly
decended from the daring Wardsworth who
concealed the charter of the province in the
old oak to preserve it frora the clutches of
the tyrannical Governor, Sir Edraund An-
dros. Mr. Shipraan received a most thorough
and exhaustive education and after the usual
prelirainary training entered the University
of New York frora which he graduated in
1883 having devoted his attention to a classi
cal course. He then entered the coUege of
Physicians and Surgeons of New York and
received a special diploma from the Univer
sity of Verraont, where he graduated in 1885,
being honored with second prize as a reward
for an essay upon a subject connected with
his profession. He then served a year of
active apprenticeship in the Charity and
other hospitals of New York City, after
which he practiced in New York City for a
year and then took up his residence in Ver
gennes, where he has been a practicing
physician up to the present tirae, raaking a
special study and practice of diseases of the
eye and ear. In this specialty he is the only
practitioner between Rutland and Burling
ton. In order to increase his skUl and keep
up with all raodern iraproveraents in the
manner of deahng with these diseases he
spends a portion of the winter in New York,
where he has established a connection with
a New York specialist in eye, ear, nose and
throat work.
Dr. Shipman though taking a deep interest
in aU matters pertaining to the public wel
fare, is so entirely devoted to his professional
life that he cannot give much of his valuable
tirae to discharging the duties of any public
ofifice, but he is nevertheless health ofificer of
the city and secretary of the board of trade.

is a raeraber of Verraont State Medical
Society and Burlington Clinical Society. He
has been prominently connected with the
Lake Champlain Yacht Club and is one of
the executive coraraittee of that institution.
He is a vestryman of St. Paul's Episcopal
church of Vergennes.
He raarried, Nov. 15, 1889, Martha T.,
daughter of Charles O. and Mary E. (Par
ker) Stevens.
Dr. Shipman ranks high among the pro
fession of Verraont, as well as in his own
comraunity. SHORES, Ethan Prescott, of Granby,
son of Levi P. and Sarah (Prescott) Shores,
was born in Victory, Feb. 7, 1842. His
father who stUl survives was one of the early
settlers of the town and Ethan was from boy
hood inured to hardship and privation,
but this severe training developed Hercu
lean frame and iron constitution.
He reraained at horae till the age of nine
teen, dividing his attention between labor and
such schooling as in rare intervals he could ob
tain, but when the RebeUion came he resolved
to devote that strength and manhood to the
service of his country. He enUsted in Co.
K, Sth Regt. Vt. Vols., and remained with it
during the entire tirae of service, except thirty
days which he spent in the hospital recover
ing from a wound, which he had received in
action. At the battie of Cedar Creek, the colors
of the regiment were nearly captured, for
the standard bearer had been shot and the
regiment was in full retreat. Shores seized
them, but too late, and with one comrade was
cut off and surrounded by the enemy, who de
raanded the iraraediate surrender of the flag.
He shot one and bayonetted another of the
rebels, while his comrade likewise stretched
StiU another on the field, then breaking
through the ranks around them, they rejoined
their regiraent which had formed in battle
hne a short distance in the rear. Here Ser
geant Shores dehvered the colors to the proper
ofificer, who in five minutes was shot dead,
and then their forraer brave defender bore
thera throughout the reraainder of that bloody
fight. At another time, though severely wounded
and raade prisoner, he contrived to break
from his guards and after two nights and
three days of weary travel and perilous ad
venture, reached the Union lines. After
more than three years of brave and con
stant service he received an honorable dis
charge. Mr. Shores settied upon the farm which he
now occupies, then but an uncleared lot, and
has devoted that energy and courage so sig
nally displayed upon the tented field to the
subjugation of the virgin soil.

SHUMWAY.
He was wedded, Feb. 7, 1867, to Susan
Maria, daughter of Charles and Harriet
(Silsby) Gleason. Their union has been
blessed with four children : Etta E., Elwin
P., Winifred J., and Maud E.
Mr. Shores has been appointed to raany
posts of honor and influence, and was se
lected to represent the town of Granby in
the Legislatures of 1876 and 1878. He is a
prominent meraber and has been W. C. T. in
the Granby Lodge of I. O. G. T.
He is blunt and outspoken, of strong
convictions and prejudices, but with his
heart in the right place, he is always to be
found on the side of teraperance and right
living. SHUMWAY, JOHN Quincy, of Jamaica,
son of Lewis and Sally (Mason) Shumway,
was born in Jamaica, May 19, 1835.

SHURTLEFF.

361

JOHN QUINCY SHUMWAY.
He was educated at the pubhc schools of
his native town. At nineteen years of age
Mr. Shumway began his business career, and
established a factory for the manufacture of
butter tubs. He continued this business
until 1870, when he sold out and took the
position of foreman in a boot and shoe man
ufactory, the first and only establishment of
the kind in Windham county.
In 1878 he received the appointment of
deputy sheriff and resigned his position to
accept it. He also took the agency of
several leading insurance companies and
devoted his entire attention to his official

duties as deputy sheriff and his insurance
business. He continued in this Une until
the faU of 1888, when he received the nomi
nation of sheriff of Windham county at the
hands of the Republican party, and has since
that time held the position, being twice re
elected. Mr. Shumway has been justiy
popular in his own town, and has been
chosen to perforra many of the iraportant
pubhc duties. He was first constable and
collector of the taxes frora 1881 to 1889. In
i89i-'92-'93 he was elected first selectman,
has served as auditor, and represented his
town in the Legislature of 1886, refusing a
renomination in 1888, preferring to serve
his county as sheriff. Since 1886 Mr. Shum
way has been a trustee of the Jamaica Sav
ings Bank, one of the successful financial
institutions of the state.
He is also very prominent in social
circles, and has twice been elected worship
ful master of Mt. Lebanon Lodge, No. 46, F.
& A. M., of which he was for ten years sec
retary. Mr. Shumway was married August 13, 1858,
to Miss Olive Ann, daughter of Chandler
and Polly J. Waterman. Of this union there
were three children : M. Agnes, Arthur E.,
and Olive E.
SHURTLEFF, JOHN TAYLOR, of Ben
nington, son of Jonas and Ehzabeth (Tay
lor) Shurtleff, was born in WilUamsport, N.
Y., Dec. 31, 1834. Mr. Shurtleff's great
grandfather, having a plantation near Tren
ton, N. J., furnished cattle for the Revolu
tionary array in camp near Philadelphia,
and General Washington was godfather to
the planter's son. His grandfather, Benoni,
served in both land and naval battles of the
Revolution. The subject of this sketch received his
early education in the pubhc schools of
Bridgewater and Phillipsbury, Penn., and
afterward pursued a course of studies in the
WaterviUe Institute in the state of Maine,
and in St Mary's Acaderay, P. Q. In 1851
he carae to Woodstock, where he entered
the raedical college. In 1857 he found era
ployraent as prescription clerk in the store
of Hageraan, Clark & Co., New York City,
and later took a raedical course in the Ann
Arbor Medical College.
For two years he was eraployed in drug
stores at Otturawa, la., and Springfield, 111.,
and in 1859 estabUshed hiraself in the drug
business in Bennington, where he has built
up one of the largest trades in this line and
has patented several valuable remedies of
his own.
He has fiUed raany rainor pubUc positions
and in 1886 was sent as representative from
Bennington to the Legislature, serving on
the general committee and that on banks.

362

SHURTLEFF.

SILSBY.

He is a director of the Bennington County
National Bank since first organized, trustee
and formerly treasurer of the Bennington
County Savings Bank, and a member of the
Bennington Monuraent Association, which
organization he has served as director and
one of the finance committee.
Mr. Shurtleff has been actively associated
with the Masonic fraternity, for twelve years
presided over Mount Anthony Lodge, No.
13, for many successive terms has filled the
positions of High Priest of Temple Chap
ter, No. 8, and past Grand King of the
Grand Chapter of Verraont. He is also past
coraraander of Taft Comraandery, No. 8, and
for many years has acted as senior warden
and treasurer of St. Peter's Episcopal Church
of Bennington.
June 26, 1862, Mr. Shurtleff was united in
marriage to Maria E., daughter of Samuel and
Julia Mower, of Woodstock. She departed
this hfe in September, 1881, leaving two sur
viving children : George Henry, and Mary
Elizabeth. SHURTLEFF, STEPHEN CURRIER, of
Montpelier, son of Abial and Rebecca (Cur
rier) Shurtleff", was born in Walden, Jan. 13,
1838. He is descended from William Shurt
leff, the first of the name in the United
States, who was killed by lightning at Marsh
field, Mass., June 23, 1666.

/w

STEPHEN CURRIER SHURTLEFF.
He received his early educational training
in the comraon schools of Walden, and
farther pursued his studies at the academies

of Glover, Newbury and Morrisville. Re
solving to follow the profession of the law,
he studied at Plainfield with C. H. Heath,
Esq., and was admitted to the bar of Wash
ington county at the March term, 1863. In
the following May he comraenced to practice
at East Hardwick, but in Septeraber of the
sarae year reraoved to Plainfield, where he
practiced until 1876. In this year he estab
lished hiraself at Montpelier, where he has
since resided.
He was united in raarriage AprU 28, 1868,
to Elizabeth M., daughter of John Augus
tine and Arminda M. Pratt, of Marshfield.
By her he has had two chUdren : Harry C,
and Maud L.
Mr. Shurtleff has always been a Democrat,
and in 1874 he represented Plainfield in the
Legislature, and in 1886 and 1888 was the
Democratic candidate for Governor.
Self-reliant and strong, Mr. Shurtleff, from
the first, has steadily advanced to his present
enviable position at the bar. He has been
for many years the counsel of the Montpe
lier & 'Wells River R. R., and his practice
extends well over the state. He also has a
good practice in the United States courts,
especiaUy as a patent lawyer. In 1890, in a
Legislature strongly adverse politically, he
received an alraost successful support for a
seat on the supreme bench of the state.
SILSBY, WENDELL, of West Burke, son
of Harvey and Ceha (Bloss) Silsby, was born
in Lunenburg, March 28, 1846.
After attending some of the pubhc schools
of Westmore until the age of sixteen, he
enhsted as private in Co. E, nth Regt. Vt
Vols., in which coraraand he was one of the
youngest soldiers. Though a raere youth he
did his duty raanfuUy in the battles Of Spott
sylvania and Cold Harbor, and having been
seriously wounded he was transported to the
hospitals at Annapohs and MontpeUer,
where he reraained until he was honorably
mustered out of the U. S. service, May 22,
1865. After his recovery, for some time he
united with his brother in the manufacture
of luraber, and he has been engaged in this
occupation raore or less since that time. In
1872 he purchased an estabhshment of his
own in Westmore, which he operated untU
1890. In 1884 he added to his possessions
a shingle miU of large capacity, and two
years later a saw-miU, finally constructing a
dressing miU in 1892. Mr. SUsby has acted
as hster in Westmore and Burke, and for
six years has discharged the duties of justice
of the peace in the latter place. He has
represented both towns in the Legislature,
serving on the committee of raanufactures in
both sessions. For two years he was iht
commander of D. Rattray Post, No. 9, G. A.
R., is an Odd Fellow, and has no marked

SILVER.

SKINNER.

363

rehgious preference, yet attends and sup
ports the Methodist church.
AprU II, 1873, Mr. Silsby married Ada,
daughter of Elbridge and Sarah (MarshaU)
Gaskell. Three children have been born of
this raarriage : Charles E., Harvey W., and
Mabel. SILVER, William Riley, of Bioorafieid,
son of Arad and Sophie (Nichols) Silver, was
born in Bioorafieid, March 27, 1820.
Arad Silver came to Bloomfield (then
called Mine Head) in 1805, and WUliam R.
remained with him on his large farra until
his majority. The latter was one of a faraily
of ten children and enjoyed only the raost
limited educational advantages, walking to
school two and one-half miles, journeying
over the state line to Columbia, N. H., but
he carefully improved the liraited opportun
ities afforded him. His first essay in active
hfe was a passage down the river to Middle-
town, Conn., on a lumber drive and raft, and
for five years he labored in the woods near
the banks of the Connecticut river. When
he returned to Bloomfield he purchased a
fine estate on the Connecticut river, which
ever since he has made his place of resi
dence. He has been successfully engaged
in general farming and for fourteen consecu
tive years has won the first preraiura for seed
corn at Upper Coos and Essex county fairs.
He has raade sheep husbandry a specialty.
He is remarkably vigorous and well pre
served for his years, and can read without
glasses. He signed the temperance pledge
at the age of ten years and has never drank
a glass of liquor in his life.
His political record has been that of a
Republican, for which party he with two
others deposited the first ballot in town.
Representing Bloomfield four terms in the
Legislature, he always served on the cora
mittee on agriculture. In 1876 he received
the appointraent of associate judge of Essex
county court. Judge Silver is recognized in
the community as a man of benevolent im
pulses, keen judgraent and prudent foresight,
possessing the respect and good-will of all
his acquaintances and friends.
In 1849 he was raarried at Bloomfield,
to Relief, daughter of Adin and Nancy
(Clough) Bartlett. By her he has had issue
eight chUdren: George, Louisa (deceased),
Elvira, WUliara R., Henry, Fayette, Bernice,
and Alice (Mrs. Edson Holden).
SIMONDS, David Kendall, of Man
chester, son of David and Anna (Byam)
Simonds, was born in Peru, April 5, 1839.
His education was received in the pubhc
schools of Peru, Burr and Burton Seminary,
Manchester, and was graduated from Middle
bury College in July, 1862, ranking fourth in

his class. In order to defray his expenses
during his collegiate career he taught in the
Westfield grammar school, in North Troy
village and for two years was principal of
Champlain Academy, N. Y., at the sarae
tirae keeping up his studies with his college
class. In June, 1863, he visted Tennessee
and Mississippi as correspondent of the Chi
cago Tribune, Missouri Repubhcan, and the
NewYork World. Later he studied law with
Crane and Bisbee, at Newport, and was ad
raitted to the bar of Orleans county in 1865.
Here he practiced his profession for four
years during which tirae, in connection with
Royal Cummings, he organized the Newport
Express, which he edited for sorae tirae, and
then he removed to St. Johnsbury. There
he founded and took charge of the St. Johns
bury Tiraes, and soon after accepted a sirai
lar position frora C. A. Pierce, proprietor of
the Bennington Banner. In 1871, he trans
ferred his labors to Manchester, where he
bought the Journal of that place, which he
StiU owns and edits. Mr. Siraonds has been
the author of several books and paraphlets.
He was united in raarriage, August 7,
1873, to EUen M., daughter of Rev. Asa and
Mary (Siraonds) Clark, forraerly of Peru.
Two children are the fruit of this union :
Louise, and Clark.
For three raonths during the war Mr.
Siraonds served in the 3d Tennessee Regi
ment, and as correspondent he followed
Grant and Sherraan to Atlanta.
Repubhcan in his pohtical views, he has
held many ofifices in the gift of the people in
both Newport and Manchester and represen
ted the latter town in the Legislature in 1886,
giving his services in that body as chairraan
of the educational coraraittee. Two years
later he was chosen senator frora Bennington
county, where hewas chairraan of the corarait
tee on federal relations and a raember of the
committees on education and military affairs.
Mr. Simonds has taken the Masonic vows
in Adoniram Lodge, Adoniram Chapter, and
Taft Commandery. In 1888 he was Grand
Patron of Vermont for the order of the East
ern Star, and he has taken much interest in
the Verraont Press Association, belongs to
the Manchester Congregational Church, and
is one of the executive committee of the
W^estern Vermont Congregational Club. He
is also a trustee of Middlebury CoUege, and
of Burr and Burton Seminary.
SKINNER, ELIAB Reed, of Montpelier,
son of Simeon and AbigaU (Reed) Skinner,
was born in Brookfield, Dec. 25, 1819.
He received a comraon school education
in Brookfield and Chelsea, to which latter
place his parents had reraoved in 1826, and
he also attended a private school under the
tuition of Rev. Mr. Dow, a noted divine of

364

SKINNER.

SKINNER.

the period. When he arrived at raan's estate
he coraraenced active business as a butcher,
in which occupation he reraained until 1852,
when he coraraenced at Chelsea a wholesale
traffic in staple and fancy goods, raoving to
Montpelier in 1858, then extending his trade
through the entire northern part of the state.
In this he continued tiU 1875, ever increas
ing the business, and eraploying raany four-
horse tearas to travel, not only in this state,
but also through northern New York. At
this tirae he resigned the personal superin
tendence of the business, which, however,
he still continues to transact by means of
traveling agents. In 1880 he purchased a
controlling interest in the Montpelier Gas-

ELIAB REED SKINNER.

light Co., to which he devoted his principal
attention till 1892, when the plant was pur
chased by the Standard Light and Power Co.
Mr. Skinner was married, March 27, 1848,
to Laura A. Bean, daughter of WiUiam and
Mary Wilson of Chelsea.
He is a good type of the old-time mer
chant, one who always minded his own busi
ness and minded it well, and who enjoys
with the ample competence it has given
him the good-will and respect of his towns
men. SKINNER, Richard Baxter, of Bar
ton, son of Dr. Jonathan Fitch and Sophia
(Stevens) Skinner, was born in Barnet, May
I, 1834.
His education was obtained in the schools
of Barnet, Brownington Acaderay and the

Lyndon and Peacham Academies. After his
graduation from these institutions he at
tended a course of lectures in Castleton
Medical College and in the medical depart
raent of Harvard University, from which
latter he graduated in 1858 with the highest
honors in his class. The following summer
he began in Barton the practice of his pro
fession with his father, with whom he re
mained till 1 87 1, since which time he has
been by himself. Dr. Skinner has an ex
tensive practice all over Orleans county and
is in great deraand as a consulting surgeon
in doubtful and critical cases. For the sake
of recreation he has purchased a smaU farm
and was one of the earliest breeders of
Jersey cattle in the county.
In i860 he received a commission as
surgeon of the Third MUitia Regiment of
Vermont from Governor Hall.
He has been a staunch Republican since
the formation of that party, and in 1880
represented Barton in the Legislature. He
was chairman of House coraraittee on the
house of correction rendering efificient ser
vice on that coramittee.
For several years he was one of the trus
tees of Barton Acaderay and town superin
tendent of schools. He was one of the
early raembers of the Orleans County Medi-

RICHARD BAXTER SKINNER.

cal Association and also a member of the
Vermont State and White Mountain Medical
Associations. He was a raember of the
Newport board of examining surgeons for

SMALLEY.

SMILIE.

365

pensions at Newport for the four years of
President Harrison's adrainistration.
From his early manhood he has been an
active raeraber of the Congregational church.
Dr. Skinner was raarried, Feb. 24, 1864,
to Marcia A., daughter of Araos C. and
Eliza E. Robinson of Barton, who died Nov.
27, 1882.
SMALLEY, Bradley Barlow, of Bur
Ungton, son of Judge David A. SraaUey, was
born in Jericho, Nov. 26, 1836.

BRADLEY BARLOW SMALLEY.

His father, David A. Smalley, was one of
the most eminent citizens of Vermont, and
when Bradley was four years of age he re
moved to Burlington. There the son dili
gently availed himseU of the exceUent op
portunities afforded him to obtain a good
comraon school and academical education.
This completed, he decided to adopt the
legal profession, beginning the requisite
studies in the ofifice of his father, where he
also finished his professional education under
the supervision of that admirable expositor
of the law, and was adraitted to the bar of
Chittenden county in 1863. Two years prior
to the latter event he received the appoint
ment of clerk of the United States courts in
Vermont, which position he held till 1885
when he was appointed coUector of customs
by President Cleveland. He was coUector
,tiU 1889 and was again appointed to the
same ofifice in 1883 and is the present in
cumbent.

Mr. SmaUey's pohtical afifihations are with
the national Democratic party. That or
ganization seeras to be in the permanent
rainority in Verraont, but notwithstanding
this Mr. SraaUey wields rauch influence and
has raade his raark on the legislative history
ofthe state. In 1874 and again in 1878 he
represented Burlington in the Legislature,
and established his reputation as a practical
working raember. He has also held muni
cipal ofifices in the city of Burlington. In the
councils of the Democratic party, both na
tional and state, Mr. SraaUey has been and is
an influential participant. He has been a
raeraber ofthe national Deraocratic commit
tee since 1873, and since 1876 has been a
meraber of the national executive corarait
tee. As such he has devoted nearly the
whole of his tirae to the service of his party,
during the later presidential carapaigns hav
ing charge of one of the departments. He
has been a delegate from the state of Ver
mont to nearly, if not all, the national Derao
cratic conventions for twenty years. He is
in possession of the fuUest confidence of his
feUow-Deraocratic leaders, and exhibits al
raost unhraited power for active pohtical
work. Mr. SraaUey was one of the World's Fair
Coraraissioners frora Verraont.
Mr. SraaUey has raanifested much and
raost inteUigent interest in the railroad
affairs of the state, and was a director of the
Central Verraont R. R. up to the tirae of its
reorganization. He is now one of the direc
tors of the Southeastern systera of railroads,
and is also a director of the Burlington
Trust Co.
Thorough and dihgent in business, excel
lent in civil life, and efificient in all things by
hira undertaken, he is respected equally by
political friends and political opponents.
Bradley B. Smalley was married on the 4th
of June, i860, to Carohne M., daughter of
Hon. Carlos Baxter, late of Burlington.
Five children have been the fruit of their
union. SMILIE, Melville Earl, of Montpel
ier, son of Earl and Matilda B. (Thurston)
SmiUe, was born in Canbridge, August 21,
1844. His father raoved to Madison, Wis.,
in 1852, where he died in 1855, and Mel
viUe returned to Verraont in Septeraber,
1856. He received his preparatory education at
the coramon schools and Underbill Acad
emy, and in 1861 entered the University of
Vermont, but left that institution at the end
of his sophomore year on account of failing
health. After leaving college he was era
ployed as a clerk in a store until he began the
study of law. Shortiy afterward he raoved to
Montpeher, where he continued to read law

366

SMILIE.

and was appointed deputy county clerk. He
was adraitted to the bar of Washington county
March 15, 1866, and acted as the reporter of
the Senate during the session of that year.
^Vhen that body adjourned he engaged in
the practice of his profession at Waterbury,
where he remained seven years, during two
of which he was employed as principal of
the high school of that place.
Mr. Smilie was elected state's attorney for
Washington county in 1868, and served for

MELVILLE EARL SMILIE.
two successive terms. He was also superin
tendent of schools in Waterbury. In 1874
he raade his residence at Detroit, but the
following year returned to MontpeUer, taking
charge of the county clerk's ofifice during
the last year of Clerk Newcomb's life. He
was appointed county clerk the 27 th of Jan
uary, 1876, and has discharged exceUently
the duties of the position to the present
time. He was raade president of the village
corporation of MontpeUer in 1890, and for
the last eight years has served as justice of
the peace. For raany years Mr. Smilie has
been a raember of the Montpeher school
board. He is a director and a raeraber of
the executive board of Verraont Mutual Fire
Insurance Co.
He has entered the Masonic fraternity,
afifiUating with Winooski Lodge, No. 49, of
Waterbury, in which he has fiUed the raas
ter's chair ; he also unites with the chapter
and council.
Mr. Smilie was married in \Vaterbury, May
26, 1870, to Ellen, daughter of Heraan and
Beulah (Demnion) Pinneo. They have one
son : MelviUe E.

SMITH, Charles Carroll, was bom
in Sharon, Conn., June 11, 1830, the sixth
in a family of eight children of Ransom and
Lydia (Burtch) Sraith.
His boyhood was spent on a farm under
circumstances adverse to acquiring a liberal
education, though he had longings in that
direction. From the age of eight to eighteen
years, a three-months' winter school in his
native district was his annual allowance, but
he so iraproved his meagre opportunities
that he taught successfully the remaining
winters tiU he reached his majority.
He then, for a short time, attended the
State Normal School at New Britain, Conn.,
the better to fit himseU for Umited teaching
in the coraraon schools, but his early long
ings for an academic education so followed
hira, that he finally took a preparatory course
at the Green Mountain Liberal Institute of
South Woodstock, and the full course at
Middlebury CoUege, from which he was
graduated in August, 1862.
His patriotic irapulses at once led him to
enter the Union array, as secession was
then elated with victories won. He accord
ingly enUsted, August 30, in Co. E, 14th .
Regt. Vt Vols., and with a creditable record
served out his tirae, and was honorably dis
charged when his regiraent was raustered out
of the service of the United States.
Deciding to devote his life to the heaUng
art, he began its study with Prof. Walter
Carpenter of Burlington, and received his
diploraa frora the medical department of the
University of Verraont, in June, 1865 ; but
wishing for further opportunity to study dis
eases before starting in private practice, he
obtained a position on the staff of physicians
attached to the Citizens' Hospital of Flat-
bush, L. I., where he reraained about a year.
He then settled in the village of Gaysville,
in Stockbridge, and has been favorably re
ceived as an intelligent and faithful medical
practitioner in that coraraunity. He is a
raeraber of the White River Medical Associa
tion, and the choice for its presidency has
raore than once fallen to hira, which shows
his standing in the profession. He is also a
raeraber of the Vermont Medical Society.
He has always taken an active interest in
public affairs, and has served faithfully and
acceptably in various ofifices in the town
where he resides.
In politics he is a firm Republican, and as
such represented his town in the state Leg
islature in 1872 and 1884. In 1890 he was
a senator from Windsor county, and as a
meraber of the coraraittee on education and
of several other coraraittees, rendered im
portant service.
Dr. Sraith belongs to the G. A. R. ; he
was a raeraber of Daniel LilUe Post, No. 61,
located at Bethel, at its organization ; was

SMITH.

SMITH.

367

its first coramander, and had several re-elec
tions to that position. But the veterans of
his town desiring to raeet nearer horae, in
1891, Gen. H. H. Baxter Post, No. iii, was
organized at GaysvUle, of which he was a
charter member.
October 17, 1862, he married Mary L.,
daughter of Bela R. Perry of Hancock. To
thera three chUdren have been born : Ran
sora Perry (deceased), Mabel Gertrude, and
Leda Florian.

in a shoe store, then as a butcher, after which
he carried on the business of a sale stable
for about six years. He then returned to
Topshara and his original occupation, devot
ing rauch attention to the raising of poultry,
and also entered to sorae extent into the
butter trade. Soon he purchased a stock of

SMITH, Clement F., of Morrisville,
son of Daniel and Betsey (Pike) Sraith, was
born in Morristown, July 29, 1856.
Mr. Sraith is one of the best known and
energetic young farraers in this vicinity. He
was brought up on the farm where he now
resides. After having availed hiraself of
such educational advantages as were offered
by the common schools and People's Acad
emy of Morrisville, he purchased his father's
farm and stock, paying ^10,500 with only
^500 to pay down. Besides having his pay-
raents to raeet, he has greatly improved the
farm and buUdings, and has now one of the
best Jersey dairies in Verraont. He keeps
about forty cows, raostly pure bred, which
average to produce nearly four hundred
pounds of butter each per annum. He keeps
abreast of the times in using all modern
machinery, usually being the first one in his
vicinity to try the raerits of a new raachine
or device that comes upon the market. He
has been agent for and sold a large amount
of farm and dairy machinery in his county.
His was the third silo that was built in Ver
raont. He was the first raaster of Lamoille
Grange and has held several town ofifices.
Laport Dairy, as he calls his farm, is pleas
antly situated about three miles frora Mor
risville on the. road to Stowe.
Since he was twenty years of age he has
been continuously a steward of the M. E.
Church. In politics he is a teraperance
Republican. Mr. Sraith raarried, Sept. 25, 1878, Mary
A., daughter of Mark P. and Rhuharaah A.
(Stevens) Burnham of Enfield, N. H. They
have been blessed with six children : Mabel
C, Lily A., Grace B., Ramy M., Alice B.,
and Mark B., all of whom are living.
SMITH, Charles F., of Topsham, son
of Edmund H. and Huldah (Kidder) Sraith,
was born in Topsham, Dec. 11, 1854.
He was early made acquainted with agri
cultural labor, being bred upon his father's
farm, and thus gaining an araount of experi
ence that proved largely of benefit in his
after life. He gleaned such education as he
could in the schools of Topsham, and before
he had attained his raajority he found his
way to Boston. There he went to work first

rtp»

CHARLES F SMITH.
groceries and general raerchandise, and
never oraitting a favorable chance to
buy or sell a horse when opportunity offered,
carried on the business of a country mer
chant, and in addition ran the village saw
mill. In the fall of 1892, seeing a better
opportunity to realize a competency, he
purchased the good-wiU and stock of the
preparation styled the " Green Mountain
Liniraent and Cough Elixir," and to this he
added the well-known Green Mountain Sar-
saparUla, with a wholesale drug line. His
expectations appear to have been realized,
and he is laying the foundation of a widely-
extended, reputable and lucrative trade.
A raan of so rauch energy could scarcely
escape the responsibUities of pubUc ofifice,
and as the natural consequence of his exec
utive ability he has been chosen to discharge
the duties of constable, coUector and deputy
sherifif. He is a Republican, and was for
five years assistant in the post-ofifice, and
postraaster, and was in 1890 elected repre
sentative frora Topsham to the General As
sembly. He is now sheriff of Orange county.
Mr. Sraith was raarried, June 17, 1877, to
R. Augusta, daughter of Jaraes and Rachel

368

SMITH.

SMITH.

(Anderson) Perkins, of Boston, Mass. Their
union has been blessed with a son and
daughter : Bessie May, and Bradley P.
Sheriff Sraith is a meraber of Hiawatha
Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Barre.
SMITH, Cyrus H., of Townline, son of
Elisha and Ellen (Whitford) Smith, was born
in Addison, March 5, 1855. His education
was obtained at the coramon schools of Ad
dison, at Ft. Edward Institute, Fort Edward,
N. Y., and at the Vermont Methodist Sem
inary at Montpeher. But raore iraportant
than this school training was that of kindly
disciphne, regularity and self-culture, which
he received in the home circle. Always
taught to regard the interests of business
rather than the pursuits of idle pleasure, the
result of the inculcation of these principles
has rendered Mr. Sraith one of the leading
farraers and raost energetic business raen in
his native town. He is both inteUigent and
conservative and strictly attends to his own
private affairs. He has especially devoted
himseU to the breeding of Merino sheep and
now owns an excellent flock. He is some
what interested in horses and advocates the
raising of the Black Hawk-Morgan breed as
best suited to the wants of the comraunity.
He was wedded in Bridport, Jan. 31, 1877,
to Alraa E., daughter of John 0. and Char
lotte (Sanford) Hamilton. Their marriage
has been blessed with four children : Mary
H., CarroU C, Mabel E., and Herraan E.
Mr. Sraith is a strong Repubhcan, and,
although a coraparatively young raan, has
been called upon to fiU many of the town
offices, including selectman, auditor, hster,
and justice of the peace, and at present is
serving as one of the school directors of the
town. He is a progressive and substantial
citizen. SMITH, Elisha, of Townline, son of
Hiram and Anna (Starkweather) Sraith, was
born in Bridport, Dec. i, 1828. His grand
father, Nathan Sraith, was one of the earliest
settlers of Bridport. He was twice taken
prisoner in the war and carried to Canada,
but made his escape each time, and after
raany perUous adventures and great priva
tions, finaUy succeeded in reaching the town
of Pittsford.
Elisha Smith received his primary educa
tion at the coraraon schools of Bridport,
foUowed by a course of study at the acade
mies of Williston and Bakersfield, obtaining
what was considered at that time a liberal
education. He was raarried in Panton, Dec. 18, 185 1,
to EUen Whitford ; four children have been
issue of this union : Anna L. (Mrs. Edward
T. Gough, of Addison), Cyrus H., Benjamin
W., and Cora E.

After his marriage he moved from Brid
port, and settled on one of the lake farms
in Addison county, and, in 1864, he pur
chased and made his home upon the estate
which he now possesses in the vaUey of
Lake Champlain, where he devotes his at
tention to general farraing, stock raising and
wool growing.
Mr. Sraith is one of the sturdy representa
tive yeomen of the state, never seeking
ofifice or personal distinction, but a strict
man of business and true worth, one hon
ored and respected, who despises the profes
sional politician. He originally belonged to
the old whig party, but joined the ranks of
the Republicans in 1856. He was select
man during the crisis of the civil war and
represented Addison in the state Legislature
in 1872, serving as chairman of the cora
raittee on raileage and debentures. For
many years he has been a believer in the
efficacy of the law of prohibition. He be
longs to no secret societies, and though he has
not lived for the sake of show or distinction,
is very influential in his town and county.
SMITH, Emery L., of Barre, son of
Alvin and Susan (Lewis) Sraith, was born in
Northfield, Oct. 11, 1842.
His raother died in his early boyhood and
the family was broken up in consequence of
this sad loss, but Emery was fortunate enough
to find a comfortable home in the household
of Mr. Joseph Gold, of Roxbury. He ap
plied himself diligently to labor on the farm,
receiving in the intervals of toil such instruc
tion as the coramon schools afforded, and
after his return from his military service he
raanaged to attend two terras at the. Orange
county grammar-school at Randolph.
Before he had arrived at his majority he list
ened to the caU of patriotic duty and enrolled
hiraseh a raeraber of Co. G, 6th Vt. Vols.,
and before his first year of active service had
expired, was taken prisoner and sent to Rich
mond where he languished in captivity some
months, was then paroled and immediately re
joined his comrades, ^^'ith this exception and
a brief service as recruiting ofificer, on which
he was detached as a raark of appreciation of
his raeritorious conduct, he was constantly at
the front during his terra of service of three
years. Mr. Smith was married, Oct. 11, 1866, to
Mary, daughter of EUphalet and Lucy (Par
ker) Hewitt, who bore him four children-.
AUce L., and Corrie A., then twins who died
in early infancy. Mrs. Sraith died Nov. 22,
1875. He married Martha, daughter of
Clark and Emily (Carter) Day, AprU 12,
1887, by whom he has had one child : Harry
D. (deceased).
"When Mr. Smith removed to Barre, for
raore than a year he worked for his father-

SMITH.

SMITH.

369

in-law, Eliphalet Hewitt, who was the pion
eer stone cutter of the place, but in the
spring of 1868 he began business on his own
account, and has continued till the present
time a stone cutter and granite dealer, hav
ing during that period been a partner in
several firms. He was the first to quarry
granite in the winter season, also to use a
permanent derrick, for which he invented a
special capstone to increase the power. He
was first to see the advantages of the steam
drill and the electric battery, and introduced
their use. His present partners are John E.
and Donald Smith, and the firm possesses
one of the best plants in New England,
employing a large nuraber of men.
Mr. Sraith is a raan of independent polit
ical convictions and has the courage to live
up to thera. Of late he has acted with the
Democratic party. He has been village
baiUff, is a public-spirited citizen who has
always predicted a prosperous future for the
town of Barre, and does his utmost to real
ize his anticipations. W'hen he carae here
there were about a dozen raen engaged in
quarrying and stone-cutting, but now in its
various branches there are a hundred firras,
employing a working force of over eighteen
hundred laborers.
P'or nearly thirty years Mr. Sraith has
been a member of the Masonic fraternity,
and he is also a member of R. B. CrandaU
Post, No. 56, G. A. R., of Barre. He joined
many years ago the Knights of Honor, and
StiU continues to afifiliate with that society.
SMITH, FREDERIC Elijah, of Mont
peher, son of EUjah and Anna (Robertson)
Smith, was born in Northfield, June 11,
1830. His grandfather served in Thomas
Barney's Co., in Col. Ira AUen's regiment
during the Revolutionary war.
Mr. Frederic Smith pursued his studies
in the coraraon schools until sixteen years
of age, then entering Newbury Seminary,
graduated from that institution, and in 1848
became a clerk in Loomis & Camp's dry
goods store in Montpeher. In 1853 he
estabhshed hiraseh in Montpelier as a drug
gist, which occupation he was pursuing with
great success when the civil war broke out.
Leaving the concern in charge of his clerks
he entered the service of his country, to
which he had been summoned by Gov.
Erastus Fairbanks to take charge of the
arming, equipping and subsistence of the
6th Regt. Vt. Vols. With this regiment he
was sent by the Governor to the front in
order to settie with several quartermasters
who had left the state with their accounts un
adjusted. While in discharge of this duty he
was, Nov. 23, 1 86 1, appointed quartermaster
of the Sth Vt. Vols., and immediately re-
tiirned to commence his new duties, assist

ing Col. Stephen Thomas in enUsting raen,
and afterwards taking charge of thera while
rendezvoused at Brattleboro. He accom
panied the regiment which had been ordered
to join the command of Major-General But
ler to Ship Island, and later to New Orleans.
Soon afterwards he was stationed at Algiers,
on the west side of the Mississippi, where he
was post quartermaster, and made provost
judge by appointment of the department
commander. He next served as commissary
of subsistence on the staff of Gen. Godfrey
Weitzel in the department of the GuU, till
Deceraber, 1863, providing for the array in the
field during all of its marches till they finally
arrived at Port Hudson.
After the war he returned to Montpeher
where he engaged in mercantile pursuits tiU
when he moved to New York, where

he reraained for three years. In 1872 he
returned to Montpeher, where he becarae

FREDERIC ELIJAH SMITH.

engaged in raanufacturing, establishing fac
tories in different towns, and having stores
in several places in the United States.
Mr. Sraith was raarried, Oct 12, 1852, to
Abba MorriU, daughter of Nathan and Bet
sey (Dole) Hale of Danville. Three sons
were the issue of this union : two died in
infancy, the third, Walter Joseph, was born
May 9, 1862, and died May 9, 1881, one
whose bright and lovely youth had given
promise of a noble raanhood.
Colonel Sraith is now president of the
Watchraan Publishing Co. ; of the Mont-

370

SMITH.

SMITH.

pelier Public Library (from its foundation) ;
the Colby Wringer Co., of Montpelier ; the
Maplewood Improvement Co., of Tennesee ;
and of the boa'rd of trustees of the Diocese
of Verraont ; he is vice-president of the First
National Bank of Montpelier ; of the Ver
raont Mutual Fire Insurance Co. ; and the
Bowers Granite Co. ; a director in the Na
tional Life Insurance Co., and a meraber of
its finance coramittee ; in the Vermont
Quarry Co., and in the Wetraore & Morse
Granite Co. Colonel Sraith was for four
years prior to 1 89 1 , president of the Vermont
Mutual Fire Insurance Co., an office which
the pressure and iraportance of private inter
ests compeUed him to resign. Since the war
Colonel Smith has raaintained in the Grand
Array of the Republic and Loyal Legion his
military associations, and for many years
has been secretary of the Vermont Officers
Reunion Society. He is also a raeraber of
the Sons of the Araerican Revolution.
He has always taken a deep interest in the
educational interests of the state, and is a
trustee of the Norwich University and Wash
ington county grammar school, and was for
some years president of the Montpeher
school board. He has long been junior
warden of Christ Episcopal Church in Mont
peUer, a trustee of the Verraont Episcopal
Institute, Bishop Hopkins' HaU, a raeraber
of the board of investraent of the aged and
infirra clergy fund, and has been a delegate
to the triennial conventions of his church in
New York and Baltiraore.
In 1876 he was appointed aid to Gov
ernor Fairbanks with the rank of colonel,
and in 1886 and 1888 served two terms as a
senator for Washington county. In 1892 he
was raade delegate-at-large to the Repubh
can National Convention at Minneapohs.
SMITH, Myron W., of Fairlee, son of
Grant and Rebecca (Swift) Sraith, was born
in Fairlee, July 26, 1834.
His educational advantages were limited
to the common schools of Fairlee and Thet
ford, but he has always been a most diligent
and judicious reader of books, and may fairly
lay claim to the title of a seh educated man.
The cares of the family devolved upon hira
at nineteen years of age on account of the
death of his father, corapelling him to forego
his cherished desire to obtain a liberal edu
cation. From 1850 to 1868 he lived in
Thetford, but since the last date he has
passed his time upon his farm in Fairlee, de
voting hiraseU to the congenial employment
of an agriculturist, to reading and to the dis
charge of the many ofificial duties which his
appreciative fellow-townsraen have intrusted
to his charge.
Mr. Sraith has acted with the Republican
party from the tirae of Freraont to the ad

ministration of Benjarain Harrison. He has,
at various times, held many of the ofifices in
his town, acting for nine consecutive years
as superintendent of schools. He was elected
to the lower branch of the Legislature in
1880 and again in 1890; in both these
bodies earnestly advocating reform in the in
terest of equal taxation.
Mr. Sraith was united in raarriage, Dec.
28, 1859, to Anna A., daughter of Johofla-
than and Mary (Colcord) Bryant. The
grandfather, Daniel Bryant, served for three
years in the Revolutionary war. Their union
has been blessed with two children : Irving
G. and Carrie M.
The great-grandfather (Swift) on the
raother's side, was also a soldier of the Revo
lution for several years and a United States
pensioner. Several generations of this family have
made their name a synonym for bravery and
patriotism. David Smith, in the eighth gen
eration, emigrated from the north of Ireland
and settled in New Boston, N. H., where he
was taken prisoner by the Indians, but set a
neighbor and himself free from two Indian
guards the first night by a sudden act of des
perately determined bravery. The grand
father of Mr. Sraith was coraraissioned cap
tain of the Fairlee militia in 1778, and served
as a minute man, also as scout in the Cham
plain Valley. Grant Sraith, though exempt
frora military service by reason of his ofifi
cial position, went with the Fairlee company
at the time of the battle of Plattsburg. New
ton W., a younger brother, died in the United
States service Feb. 5, 1864, a meraber ofthe
3d Vt. Battery, Light ArtiUery. Myron W.
enUsted in Corapany A, 15th Regt, Col.
Redfield Proctor, in 1862, served his time,
and was mustered out with his regiment.
He is a charter member of the original and
also of the reorganized Washburn Post, No.
17, G. A. R., and was also a member of Val
ley Grange P. of H. of Fairlee. He has been
an active member of the Congregational So
ciety and church for many years.
SMITH, Walter Perrin, of St johns
bury, son of John S. and Sophronia M.
(Perrin) Smith, was born in Hardwick, Nov.
4, 1841.
Judge Sraith prepared for college at the
Hardwick and MorrisviUe academies and
graduated frora the University of Vermont
in 1867. He studied law at the University of
Michigan and with Powers & Gleed at Mor
risviUe, and was admitted to the Lamoille
county bar at the May term, 1869. Thefol-
lowing autumn he removed to St. Johnsbury
and formed a partnership with Hon. Jona
than Ross. He continued the practice of
his profession until elected to the ofifice, of
judge of probate for the distrfct of Cale-

SPAFFORD.

SPAFFORD.

371

donia in 1882, which position he now holds.
He was state's attorney for Caledonia county
from 1874 to 1876 ; represented the town of
St. Johnsbury in the Legislature of 1880,
and has been superintendent of schools.
He was for several years a director in the
Merchants National Bank of St. Johnsbury ;
is at present a director in the First National
Bank, and a trustee and one of the board of
investors in the Passurapsic Savings Bank,
-and president of Carrick Bros. Granite Co.

boro. He again sought service in the same
regiment, was promoted to ist Lieut, and
quartermaster, and appointed a member of
the staff of Gen. George P. Foster, and Gen.
Lewis A. Grant. He was acting quarter
master of the Vermont Brigade during the
last part of its service, and when the com
mand left the field for Vermont, he was
again raustered out with his regiraent at
Burhngton. Soon after the close of the war he was
employed as bookkeeper in the large hide
and leather house of Laphara & Clarendon
in New Y'ork City, but irapaired eyesight
caused by exposure in the army corapeUed
hira to give up his position. On Jan. 16,
1867, he again entered the service of the
Bennington and Rutiand Railway Co. as sta
tion agent at North Bennington. He was
successively promoted to general freight
agent and to general passenger agent, both
of which offices he holds at the present time.

gim ^

WALTER PERRIN SMITH.

August 15, 1876, he was married to Miss
Susan A. Holbrook of Lyndon, daughter of
Dr. Periey R. and Louise M. (Lawrence)
Holbrook, and they have one son : Robert H.
In pohtics he has always been a RepubU
can, and in reUgious faith a Congregationahst.
SPAFFORD, HENRY W., of Rutland,
¦son of Williara H. and Eliza (Rumrill) Spaf
ford, was born in Weathersfield, Nov. 2,
1840. He received his education in the district
schools of his native town and Cavendish,
.and in Springfield Seminary and Chester
Academy. At the outset of his active hfe he
was eraployed as station agent at Danby,
and North Bennington.
Enhsting in Co. A, 4th Regt Vt. A^ols.,
Sept 4, 1 86 1, he was promoted to commis
sary sergeant, and after being confined m a
rebel prison in Richmond for seven raonths
he was mustered out of service, at the expira
tion of his three-years' enlistment, at Brattie-

^M 'k

HENRY W. SPAFFORD.

Mr. Spafford was married, Oct. 5, 1864, to
Mattie E., daughter of WiUiara and Fanny
(Spring) Kingsbury, of Chester. Mrs. Spaf
ford died June 3, 1877, leaving four children.
He was again married, Dec. 5, 1879, to Lydia
Ella, daughter of Jared and Almira (Eaton)
Marsh, of Chester, of which union there are
five chUdren.
Mr. Spafford lived in North Bennington
froQ* January, 1867, untU April, 1882, when
he reraoved to Rutland, where he now
resides.

372

SPEAR.

STANLEY.

SPEAR, 'Victor I., of Braintree, son of
Jacob A. and Caroline (Flint) Spear, was
born in Braintree, Sept. 20, 1852.
His preparatory education was received
in the schools of Braintree and at the West
Randolph Acaderay. He then entered Dart
raouth CoUege, where he pursued the usual
course of study, and was graduated with the
degree of B. S. from that institution in 1874.

VICTOR I. SPEAR.

Having a strong natural aptitude for
mathematics, he ardently desired to adopt
the profession of a civU engineer, but yield
ing to the wishes of his parents, after some
time spent in the profession of teaching, he
returned to the paternal farm. Here, in
connection with his father, he has corabined
various branches of business with farraing and
stock raising, their specialty being registered
Merino sheep, of which they usually keep
about two hundred. In 1884 he began the
business of shipping sheep to Montana, and
the venture proving successful, he has sent
one or raore carloads of sheep annually to
that locality. He usually purchases on cora
mission from fifty to one hundred thousand
pounds of wool every year, and is quite an
extensive land owner. He is also engaged
in the manufacture and sale of orchard pro
ducts. He was united in marriage Dec. 29, 1886,
to Mrs. Abbie M. Davis, daughter of Lieut.
Jaraes and Maria E. (Slack) Welch, of
Randolph.

He is a strong Republican, and as such
represented Braintree in 1880, and was
chosen a senator frora Orange county in
1886. Four years later he was appointed
by Governor Page a raeraber of the board
of agriculture, and discharged his duties
with great devotion and efficiency, acting as
secretary in the laborious task of coUecting
statistics of the unemployed resources of
the state. He was reappointed to the board
in 1892, chosen statistical secretary, and
prepared the Ulustrated booklet on Vermont,
of which 40,000 copies were distributed
from the Vermont buUding at the Colum
bian Exposition, Chicago. He secured re
turns of dairying, sheep husbandry and
maple sugar products in the state for 1892,
and has in charge the general raatter of col
lecting statistics and publishing lists of un
occupied real estate that is on the market
Mr. Spear is well and favorably known
throughout the state, and was a prominent
candidate for Governor before the Republi
can state convention in 1892. He is a gen
tleman of unassuming manners, undoubted
integrity and excellent judgment, combined
with genuine public spirit and quite exten
sive experience of men and aff'airs.
STANLEY, Albert E., of Leicester,
son of Silas W. and Electa (Eastman) Stan
ley, was born in Leicester, June 4, 1833.

ALBERT E. STANLEY.

His education coramenced in the common
schools in Leicester. At an early age he

STANTON.

START.

373

went to HaverhiU, Mass., where he lived
during his rainority, enjoying the benefits of
the grararaar and high schools of that noted
town. He contemplated a coUegiate career,
and entered Kirabail Union Academy, at
Meriden, N. H., to complete his preparatory
course. FaUing health not permitting him
to carry out his intention, he returned to
Leicester, where he has since resided. For
thirty-six years he has been clerk and treas
urer of the town, and for twelve years was
postmaster. For thirty-five years he has
been an active and efficient agent of the
Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Co., and
for ten years secretary and treasurer of the
Queen City Park Association, whUe he is
constantly acting as administrator in the
settlement of important estates.
As a Republican he represented Leicester
in the Legislature of 1872, and was the only
meraber of the county who received the
corapliraent of a re-election in 1874. He
was again elected to the Legislature in 1882,
and was chosen a member of the Senate
frora Addison county in 1886, and served
on the special coramittee on the division of
Rutland. He was also chairraan of the
coramittee on the insane as well as a raem
ber of the general coraraittee and the joint
coramittee on the library.
In his doctrinal belief Mr. Stanley is a
Spiritualist in the proper sense of that word,
though holding no less the essential tenets of
the Unitarian faith. He has widely lectured
upon religious themes and performs accept
able service on funeral occasions throughout
the state.
June 3, i860, he was united in raarriage
to Ada, daughter of Simeon and Amanda
McCanon, of Bennington, N. Y. Two sons
have been the offspring of this union : Ned
A., and Fred D., both located in New Bed
ford, Mass. — one a dentist, the other an
attorney-at-law. STANTON, Zed S., of Roxbury, son
¦of George B. and Lucretia (Sulloway) Stan
ton, was born in Roxbury, May i, 1848.
After attending the district schools of the
vicinity he pursued a course of study in the
Northfield graded school. He afterwards
worked on the railroad, then taught school
and whUe teaching resolved to adopt the law
as his profession and enrolled himself as a
student in the ofifices of A. R. Savage and
Frank Plumley of Northfield, and subse
quently in the ofifice of L. L. Durant of
Montpelier. He was adraitted to the bar of
the Washington county court, March 15,
1880. In 1882 he was adraitted to practice
in the Supreme Court, and in the U. S. Cir
cuit Court in 1892.
Since 1873 with the exception of one year
Judge Stanton has continuously held town

office, and has occupied the positions of
selectman, lister, agent, constable, moder
ator, superintendent of schools and school
director and trustee. He represented Rox
bury in the General Asserably during the
sessions of 1884 and 1886 and in legislative
work and debate becarae a leading raeraber.

ZED S. STANTON.
In 1884 and 1886 he was elected an assist
ant judge of Washington county court and
has since 1890 served raost efificiently as
state's attorney for Washington county,
which office he stUl holds.
Judge Stanton was raarried. May 31, 1880,
to Mrs. Jennie S. (Smith) Walbridge of Rox
bury. They have one child : Jessie Lu
cretia. START, Henry R., of Bakersfield, son
of Simeon Gould and Mary Sophia (Barnes)
Start, was born in Bakersfield, Dec. 28, 1845.
He was educated in the common schools
and in Bakersfield and Barre acaderaies, and
served in the army as a member of Co. A,
3d Regt. Y't. Vols.
After the close of the war he studied law,
and was admitted to the Franklin county
bar in April, 1867, and began practice the
sarae year in Bakersfield. Frora 1876 to
1878 Mr. Start was state's attorney for
Franklin county. Forraing a partnership
with A. P. Cross, of St. Albans, he retained
his residence in Bakersfield, and the firm of
Cross & Start had a large practice. The
active conduct of the trial of cases largely

374

START.

STEARNS.

fell on Mr. Start, and when he was elevated
to the bench it was at once noted that his
wide experience as a trial lawyer had given
him good preparation for the right conduct
of trials as presiding judge in the county
courts. In i8So Mr. Start was elected a senator
frora Franklin county, and served on the
judiciary coraraittee and as chairraan of the
joint standing coraraittee on the reform
school. From 1880 to 1888 he was one of
the trustees of the Verraont reform school,
and was, the last-named year, one ofthe pres
idential electors who cast the vote of Ver
raont for Harrison and Morton.
In 1890 he was elected representative
frora Baiiersfield, and at the beginning of
the session of that year was chosen speaker
of the House of Representatives, and at its
close was without opposition elected fifth
assistant judge of the Suprerae Court. His
service on the bench, which he continues by
unaniraous re-election in 1892, has com
raended itself to the entire bar of the state
as excellent judicial work.
Mr. Start married, June 10, 1869, Ellen S.
Houghton, daughter of StUlman S. and Sarah
E. Houghton. Their children are : S. Gould,
Guy H., Mabel S., and Bennett H. Mrs.
Start deceased July 12, 1890.
START, Simeon Gould, of Bakers
field, son of Moses and Margaret (Gould)
Start, was born in Bakersfield, July 28, 1805.
Capt. Moses Start emigrated to the state in
the latter part of the last century, and was
an active and prorainent figure in the town.
Simeon G. was one of a large family, and
spent his youth in the labors of the farm.
His education was obtained in the district
schools, but to this he added a wide fund of
general information in his maturer years.
His early life was devoted to agricultural
labor, and a clerkship in a country store,
but he soon invested his modest savings in
a farm in Bakersfield, where he remained
tiU 1865, when he moved into the village,
and until the last few years has been chiefly
engaged in the public affairs of the town.
Mr. Start was formerly a Democrat, but
acted with the Repubhcan party during the
war, and since 1872 has been an inde
pendent in his pohtical views. Honorably
discharging the duties of many town offices,
he has been the principal trial justice of the
place for more than a quarter of a century.
He represented his town in the Legislature
of 1872, and was ever considered a man of
marked and original personaUty.
He raarried, Oct. 2, 1833, Mary Sophia,
daughter of Corafort and Sophia (Corse)
Barnes. Of this raarriage there were born :
Rolla N., Ozro G. (assistant judge of Frank
Un county court), Charies N. (formerly at

torney-general of Minnesota, and now judge
of district court at Rochester, Minn.),
Lorenzo B., Merritt L., Henry R. (judge of
the Supreme Court of Vt.), and Ella S. (de-

SIMEON GOULD START.

ceased). Mrs. Start died April 22, 1862,
and he married Mrs. Betsey Perkins, April
10, 1865.
STEARNS, Charles H., of Johnson, son
of Otis W. and Mary S. (Carpenter) Stearns,
was born in Johnson, Feb. 7, 1854.
After prehminary instruction at the com
raon schools he received the balance of his
education at the Norraal School at Johnson
and the Vermont M. E. Seminary at Mont
pelier. His father was a manufacturer of
butter tubs and an inventor, and the son
spent much of his boyhood and youth in his
father's shop, where he became acquainted
with every detail of the business and had en
tire charge of the estabhshment before he
arrived at man's estate. In 1875 0. W.
Stearns & Son built the miU now owned by
the latter at Johnson. The senior partner
in the firra possessed considerable inventive
genius and has devised and applied nearly
aU of the raachinery now used by them,
especially a contrivance for sraoothing the
outside surface of the staves lengthwise with
the grain, thereby avoiding the use of sand
paper and giving a finer and raore delicate
finish, also a labor-saving device for spUtting
and rossing blocks. Since 1888 Mr. C. H.
Stearns has been sole proprietor of the con-

STEARNS.

STEARNS.

375

cern, and novv runs a large luraber business
in connection with the factory, getting out
about 1,000,000 feet of lumber annuaUy. The
company manufactured 7,000 tubs during
their first year's experience and in 1892 had
the satisfaciton of turning out the enormous
total of 320,000. Five-pound butter boxes
and packing crates are extensively manu
factured and sold. In 1890 Mr. Stearns, in
company with his cousin, Mr. M. L. Stearns,
erected an extensive plant at Lyndonville for
the raanufacture of butter tubs and luraber,
shipping the stock for this factory frora their
raiU in Canada. In addition to these different

He has been a meraber of the Masonic
fraternity since he was twenty-one years old,
has filled aU the chairs of the lodge, and in
1892 was elected G. J. D. of the Grand
Lodge of Verraont. He also claims member
ship in the I. O. O. F.
STEARNS, JOHN C, of Bradford, son
of John and Ehzabeth (Chandler) Stearns,
was born in Chelsea, Feb. 11, 1831.
His education was received in the com
mon schools and Bradford Acaderay, and he
comraenced his business career as a clerk in
a general store in Bradford. For six years
he was a member of the firra of Brooks ¦&
Stearns, which was engaged in trade in AVor-
cester, Mass., in which place he became a
member of the Massachusetts raUitia, and on
his return to Verraont enhsted in the Brad
ford Guards, in which latter organization he
was promoted to the position of heutenant.
At the breaking out of the civil war he en
hsted as a private in Co. D, was promoted

branches of the lumber trade Mr. Stearns is
also extensively interested in granite, owning
and operating a quarry and cutting sheds at
Hardwick, employing in aU these different
Unes of business from seventy-five to one
hundred men.
He was raarried Dec. 28, 1876, to Viola
A., daughter of Jessie A. and Rebecca (Mc
Laren) HaU of Johnson. They have one
child : C. Arthur.
Mr. Stearns has been chairman of the Re
pubhcan Lamoille county committee for the
last four years and has also served on that of
the town. He was seven years town treas
urer and was in 1886 elected to the Legisla
ture in which he was a valuable member of
the general committee. He is a director of
the Union Savings Bank and Trust Co. of
Morrisville, and, for a man of his age, is
widely known in business and political
circles.

JOHN C. STEARNS.
to the rank of sergeant-major of the ist Vt.
Vols., and at the expiration of their terra of
service was appointed ist Lieut, and adjutant
in the 9th Regt., but was corapeUed to re
sign, June 30, 1863, on account of disabiUty.
During his active service he was a meraber
of the staff of General Trirable of Ohio,
and participated in engageraents at Cloud
MiUs, Winchester, Suffolk, and Harper's
Ferry, at which last place he becarae a pris
oner upon the surrender of his regiment

376

STEVENS.

STEVENS.

with Others under General Miles, and after
being paroled was sent to Chicago, IU., where
he did guard duty tiU May, 1863.
After his return from the war he employed
himself in the general insurance business
and farming, in which occupation he has
continued to the present time.
Mr. Stearns was a whig, and has been a
Republican since the forraation of the latter
party. He was appointed U. S. Assessor
of Internal Revenue of the Second District
of Vermont by President Grant, and U. S.
CoUector of Internal Revenue for the state
by President Garfield, June, 1881, in which
ofifice he continued tiU July, 1885. Six years
subsequently he was selected by Hon. Red-
field Proctor, Secretary of War, as a commis
sioner to mark the Unes of battie of the Army
of the Potomac, the Confederate Army of
Northern Virginia, and the position of the U.
S. Regulars at the battle of Antietam, in con
nection with the Confederate General Harry
Heth of Virginia, and he is now engaged in
that work. In 1867 he was appointed colo
nel and aid-de-carap on the staff of Gov.
John B. Pag,e, and he also held the position
of ist Lieut, and adjutant of the ist Regt.
V. N. G. Colonel Stearns represented Brad
ford in the House of Representatives in
1886, and served in 1878 as a senator from
Orange county. He was appointed delegate
to the national Repubhcan conventions held
at Chicago that norainated U. S. Grant and
Benjarain Harrison. He was one of the
original trustees of the Y'erraont Soldier's
Home, and in 1890 was elected its treasurer.
He is a meraber of the Vermont Com
raandery of the Loyal Legion, of Washburn
Post,G. A.R., and Charity Lodge, F.& A.M.
Colonel Stearns raarried, Sept. 12, 1863,
Martha F., daughter of John Barron and
Martha (Tilton) Becket, of Bradford.
STEVENS, ALONZO JACKSON, of
Winooski, son of Alonzo and Susan (Sin
clair) Stevens, was born in Essex, April i,
1828. He was educated in the schools of Essex,
and after reaching his raajority engaged in
the occupation of carpenter and joiner. In
1855 he carae to Winooski, and there was
employed as a millwright by the firra of
Edwards & "White. Soon after the death of
the junior partner, Mr. White, the shops
were destroyed by fire, and in 1858 the land
on which they had been erected was pur
chased by A. B. Edwards in conjunction with
Mr. Stevens, and under the designation of Ed
wards & Stevens, these two gentieraen built
up an extensive business. The firm remained
unchanged until 1868, when Mr. Frank
JubeU was adraitted to the concern. Under
the title of Edwards, Stevens & Co., they
largely raanufacture raiU-gearing and shaft

ing, iron and brass castings and wood-work
ing raachinery.
In 1858, Mr. Stevens was raarried to Mary
J., daughter of Hirara and Mary (Shelden)
Rood of Colchester. Of this union there
are issue : Mary Ella, Charles H., and
Hattie M.
He was a charter raember of the Winooski
Savings Bank, and has been a director of
the institution since its organization.
In his political views Mr. Stevens is
thoroughly RepubUcan, and has several
tiraes been elected one of the selectmen of
Colchester. He represented that town in
the Legislature in 1869 and 1870, and was
elected a senator frora Chittenden county in
1886. The esteem and confidence in which
he is held by his fellow-townsmen has been
raanifested by the raany positions of trust
and confidence to which he has been called.
STEVENS, Charles, of Maidstone, son
of Charles and Erailine (Batchelder) Stevens,
was born in Maidstone, Jan. 18, 1842.

CHARLES STEVENS.
His father a farraer and stock raiser. At
the age of twenty-one he left his home,
arriving in Boston, Mass., whh two doUars.
He first found employraent as foreman on a
farra at Chestnut Hill, then was engaged as
foreman on the water works there for four
years. After this he started for the "West
where he visited Omaha and Kansas City ;
frora thence he raade his way to Memphis
on a flat boat and then on foot to Jefferson

STEVENS.

377

in Texas. Here he was eraployed as sub
contractor on a railroad, but his health fail
ing he removed to Duvals Bluff where he
was occupied in bridge buUding until he was
corapeUed to return to his native town by
a severe attack of malaria. After his re
covery he made New York the scene of his
labors, buUding a section of the Harlem
railroad. He next took up his abode in
Boston where he was engaged in the con
struction of sewers. In 1879 he went to
Colorado and giving his attention to mUling
and raining operations he purchased prop
erty of the latter description and also con
structed a large mUl. For two years he
continued and then departed to explore the
country three hundred miles west of Roseita
in Gunnison county where he discovered
and started nine mines. In 1884 he re
turned to the farm which he had purchased
in Maidstone, and has been occupied since
in improving this property.
Deraocratic in political faith, he has been
selectraan several times, is now justice of the
peace, and represented the town in i890-'9i.
He was wedded, March 30, 1876, to
Sarah A., daughter of Williara M. and Ruth
M. (Jordan) Perkins.
STEVENS, Charles Phelps, of Troy,
son of Charles Deming and Murilla (Cob)
Stevens, was born at Huntington, July 9,
1836. The history of his life is a record of one of
the most successful self-raade business raen
in Vermont. Receiving only the scant edu
cation to be obtained in the district schools
of Duxbury, yet possessing abundant health
and indomitable courage, this boy, who was
brought up in a saw miU, has now become
one of the largest manufacturers of lumber
in the state. Brought up to the carpen
ter's trade, in his early youth he secured his
first financial start in the construction of
dweUing houses by contract. From the
profits which he saved he purchased a lot of
timber land and in 1862, by the advice of
the late Leander Hutchins, president of the
Waterbury Bank, who furnished the neces
sary capital, he invested largely in property
of the same nature in Duxbury. This ven
ture was very successful, so much so that
in 1862 he became proprietor of a lumber
miU in Dnxbury, which he operated tiU 1866,
at which time he built another in Bolton,
Can., stiU retaining the management of the
first for two years. This property he
sold in 1868, substituting another in Jay
devoted to the same business. He now
made Troy his place of residence, and frora
their first erection operated aU his mills night
and day tiU 1870, when he parted with those
in Jay and Bolton, entering into partnership
with D. H. Buck of Troy, with whom he

commenced a general raerchandise business
and in connection with this constructed a
clapboard miU at Phelps FaUs in Troy, Mr.
Buck retaining the raanageraent of the store,
and Mr. Stevens of the raiU. C. P. Stevens
and D. H. Buck then formed a copartner
ship under the narae of C. P. Stevens & Co.
They afterwards erected at the Falls a
large saw raill and the first factory for the
raanufacture of veneer in Orleans county, if
not in Verraont, which, however, was soon
transforraed into a large feed and fiour
raUl. In 1876 they constructed extensive
mills in Richford, around which a viUage
has grown up, known as Stevens' MiUs.
He is a partner in very raany enterprises
of this description, and a very extensive

ff*f"

CHARLES PHELPS STEVENS.

owner of tiraber-bearing real estate in Bolton
and Jay, beside having a financial interest
in several raanufacturing concerns. He
also possesses three farms in Troy con
taining as fine tillage land as can be found
in the Missisquoi valley, which under his
scientific manageraent clearly proved that
farraing can be raade to pay in the Green
Mountain state. It raay be easUy iraagined
that Mr. Stevens has not had rauch tirae to
devote to public afifairs, although soon after
he arrived at man's estate he was appointed
justice of the peace, his comraission being
signed by the late Gov. Paul DUlinghara. In
1882 he represented Troy in the Legislature,
serving on the coraraittees of railways and
manufactures. Six years later he was chosen

378

STEVENS.

STEVENS.

to the Senate frora Orleans county, giving
valuable aid to the coraraittees on rules,
manufactures and railways, also the joint
standing committee on game and fisheries,
while he was actively influential in passing
the ^25,000 appropriation for the Soldiers'
Home. In the Senate as in private life his
unusual capacity for aff'airs was recognized.
In his political preferences he has always
been an ardent and loyal Republican.
Mr. Stevens has been twice married. He
first wedded, February, 1862, Francis M.,
daughter of Truman Morse, who departed
this life after their union had lasted ten years,
and in 1873 he married Annette C, daughter
of Eli Sherman, by whom he has two chil
dren ; Lena, and Charles Sherraan.
Mr. Stevens is liberal in his religious
creed, but has always attended and supported
the Congregational church in Troy, of which
society for twenty years he has been the
trustee. STEVENS, JONAS T., of Hyde Park,
son of Araasa and Martha (Sraith) Stevens,
was born in Eden, June 3, 1842.
His father, Araasa, was a long-tirae resi
dent of Eden, was prominently connected
with public affairs, and for a considerable
period was associate judge of the county
court. Jonas T. Stevens obtained his education
in the common school, and for a tirae gave
his services to neighboring farmers, being
also employed in mills in the vicinity of his
birthplace. Acquiring a sraall but well-
earned capital, he invested it in a saw mill,
when his business plans were suddenly in
terrupted by the breaking out of the civil
war. He was too good a patriot to remain
behind, when so many of his countrymen
were thronging to the field, and abandoning
his mUl he enlisted in Co. I, ist Vt. Cavalry
and participated in nearly seventy engage
ments, in which that gallant corps were
engaged. He had three horses shot under
him, but escaped unhurt and was only pre
vented by a four weeks' sickness, when he
was sent to the hospital, from being always
present for duty. He recovered, however,
in tirae to be present in the Winchester
fight, where he had the satisfaction of seeing
the rebel General Early sent "whirling
down" the Shenandoah Valley, and AprU i,
1863, he had the raisfortune to be taken
prisoner at the engagement at Broad Run,
and sent to Libby Prison, but was fortunately
paroled and rejoined his regiment within
less than six months, eager and ready for the
fray. He was discharged after almost three
years service, having been promoted through
every grade to ist Lieut, ofhis corapany.
After his gaUant service in the array, he
returned to the vocation he had deserted at

the coraraenceraent of the war, and for
twenty-three years was engaged in the man
ufacture of luraber at Eden MUls. Since
that period he has occupied himself with
farming to sorae extent, but a large share of
his time has been devoted to public affairs.
For eight years he was deputy sheriff" and
held that office till 1878, when he was
elected sherifif of the county, serving two
years, and again he discharged the duties of
a deputy, tiU he was re-elected to sheriff in
1892. He has been entrusted with various
ofifices, and was elected representative in
1872 and 1874 by Republican votes, doing
good service as a meraber of the committees
on general claims and corporations.
Mr. Stevens was united, in 1867, to Emma,
daughter of Charles A. and Eunice White of
Eden. One son has been born to them :
Edson M.
Mr. Stevens is a raeraber and past com
mander of Aaron Keeler Post, No. 91, G. A.
R., and has received seven degrees in Free
Masonry, afifiliating with Mt. Morris Lodge,
No. 69, of Eden, and Tucker Chapter, R. A.
M., of Morrisville.
STEVENS, James V., of WatervUle, son
of Valorous and Rebecca K. (Morse) Stevens,
was born in WaterviUe, Jan. 12, 1850.
Commencing his education at the common
schools, in his twelfth year he served a short
time as clerk with William Wilbur, of Water
viUe, then returned to his studies and con
tinued them tiU he was seventeen. At that
age he entered the employment of Mr. E. H.
Shattuck, with whom he reraained seven
years, when he was admitted as partner having
an equal interest in the business. He re
mained in the concern five years, untU 1880,
when he left Waterville and engaged in busi
ness in Boston, but soon returned to his
native place, which since has been his resi
dence. Mr. Stevens is attached to the principles
of the Republican party; has held aU the
town offices in the gift of his fellow-citizens
and is now town clerk and treasurer as well
as trustee of U. S. surplus money.
He is a member of Warner Lodge, No. 50,
F. & A. M., and SterUng Lodge, No. 44, I.
O. O. F.
He was united in marriage, August 20,
1874, to Ann, daughter of Clark and Mary
Jane Wilbur.
STEVENS, Thomas B., of East Mont
pelier, son of Stephen F. and Rachel (Byrd)
Stevens, was born in the town of Monkton,
Nov. 28, 1833. In 1790 Clark Stevens, a
member of the Society of Friends, came to
Vermont from the town of Rochester, Mass.
He finally settled on a farm in Montpelier
upon which his grandson, Thomas B., now

STEVENS.
resides. Clark Stevens became a Quaker
preacher, and to him belongs the honor of
organizing the first religious society and
erecting the first structure for public worship
in Washington county. He was in his youth
a soldier in the Revolutionary army and
afterwards a sailor. D. P. Thompson wrote
of hira as "a prince in appearance, but a
chUd in humUity," and the meraory of no
raan is more revered. He died Nov. 20,
1853, having lived to the patriarchal age of
eighty-nine years, and departed after having
reared a faraily of eight children, of whora
one, Stephen F., after pursuing his trade of a

STEVENS.

379

generations for their industry, frugality,
energy and sterling worth.
Such a man must have naturally been
selected by his fellows for every ofificial posi
tion he would accept ; and besides holding
the usual town offices he was elected by the
Republicans to represent the town of East
Montpelier in the Legislature of 1872.
Mr. Stevens was raarried in Deceraber,
1862, to Jane, daughter of AUen and Lydia
(Edgerton) Bliss of Calais, who bore hira
one daughter : Lenora Rachel.
STEVENS, William Blanding, late of
Bradford, was born in Newbury, AprU 9,
1822. He was the second son of Caleb and
Mary (Matthews) Stevens, and received his
education frora the coraraon schools and
acaderaies of the vicinity.
The independent and seU-reliant spirit that
governed his whole career raanifested itself
at the early age of ten, when he worked for
the neighbors at a shiUing a day, or its
equivalent.

THOMAS B, STEVENS.

cabinet maker at Monkton for a few years,
returned to the old horaestead in Montpelier
and there cared for his parents till their
decease Tbis faithful son was honored and
respected by all the community.
Thoraas B. Stevens purchased the paternal
estate, four railes from the state capitol, and
has devoted a useful and contented life to
agricultural pursuits, improving the property
and adding to it till he now is the fortunate
possessor of many of the most fertile acres
in Washington county or indeed in the state.
Constructing a commodious dwelling house
with ample outbuildings, which are raodels in
their appearance and convenience upon a
site commanding an extensive view, he has
devoted his efforts raainly to dairy farraing.
He is no unworthy scion of a faraUy which
has been known and honored during three

WILLIAM BLANDING STEVENS.
At fifteen he coraraenced his business life
as a clerk at South Newbury, whh James
Chadwick, and afterward entered the store
of F. & H. Keyes, at Newbury Street, where
he continued until he forraed a partnership
with his brother, at Pierraont Crossing, in
185 1. Here they developed a profitable
trade, and a few years later they reraoved to
the village of Bradford, where the firra has
remained, with several changes in the part-

38o

STEVENS.

STEVENSON.

nership, untU the day of Mr. Stevens' death,
March 2, 1893. His business career was
upright and honorable, receiving the hearty
and frank approval of his patrons and com
petitors. A Boston raerchant says : " Mr.
Stevens I have known for over forty years ;
and in all that time I have the pleasantest
recoUection of his manly and genial presence
and strict honor, estimating him as one of
the noblest gentlemen and merchants that
Vermont has had the honor to produce."
In the many improvements and enterprises
of Bradford, Mr. Stevens was always one of
the first to be consulted, as he was looked
upon as a ready and safe adviser. In the
day of Bradford's calamity, when its business
centre was swept away by fire, in the spring
of 1883, Mr. Stevens proved his faith in the
town by the erection of a brick block that
still stands as a memento of his confidence
and energy. He did rauch to increase busi
ness in Bradford these later years. The new
hotel, the creamery, the grist raill, all owe
their success largely to the influence of his
liberal spirit and financial support. Every
thing that tended to the prosperity of the
town had frora Mr. Stevens hearty and sub
stantial aid.
In politics Mr. Stevens was a Republican,
and held raany town ofifices. He was a
loyal supporter of the North during the war
and of the loyal veterans since the struggle.
In religion he was a Congregationalist, and
though not a raeraber of the church, he gave
its business interests the sarae practical at
tention that he did his own. He had rauch
to do with the buUding of the present church
structure, and his religious belief was a
potent factor in his life.
He married, in 1856, Miss Harriet E.,
daughter of Austin and Miriam Ladd,
of HaverhUl, N. H. They had four chUdren,
one of whom, Helen Luella, died in infancy.
The others are : Carrie (Mrs. Albert W.
Porter of New York), and May (Mrs. O. R.
Baker of Bradford).
The horae of Mr. Stevens was one of the
happiest in the village, with all that love and
care could give it.
As a citizen Mr. Stevens sought to live
peacefully with aU men. He was naturally
kind of heart. Those that worked with him
as partners, and for hira as assistants, always
found hira pleasant, agreeable and indulgent.
Mr. Stevens departed this life March 2,
1893. An old citizen writes of him that he
" took an active interest in the prosperity of
the viUage, being liberal in his support of
both churches and schools, and rendering it
one of the most thriving communities of the
state. His sterling virtues and enterprising
business habits endeared him to a large
circle of friends, and raade hira one of the
foreraost citizens ofthe town."

STEVENSON, iRVIN, of Lowell, son 01
Irvin and Eliza (Fletcher) Stevenson, was
born in Lowell, April 5, 1885, and is one of
the reliable, substantial young business men
in the town. Mr. Stevenson was educated
in the Lowell and 'Westfield public schools
and at the KirabaU Union Acaderay, Meri
den, N. H. He is also a graduate of the
National Business College, New Haven,
Conn., and taught several terms in the
public schools.
Not choosing to be a practical farmer Uke
his father, in the fall of 1885 he went into
the mercantile business in Lowell in com
pany with A. A. Aseltine, of Enosburgh
Falls. A year and a half later he became
sole proprietor of his present large store, and
carries a fine stock of general raerchandise.
Politically he is a strong Deraocrat with
conservative tendencies, and was postmaster
during Cleveland's first administration. Mr.
Stevenson is and has been for many years
town superintendent of schools, and in 1892
was elected town treasurer. He is also quite
actively interested in town aff'airs.
He has been for eighteen years an exem
plary raember of the Congregational church,
and is an energetic proraoter of the welfare
of that denomination in LoweU.
Noveraber 13, 1879, he was united in
raarriage to Mary L., daughter of Henry
Smith, of Chatham, N. Y., and has by her
one daughter : Louise.
STEWART, JOHN WOLCOTT, of Mid
dlebury, son of Ira and Elizabeth (HubbeU)
Stewart, was born in Middlebury, Nov. 24,
1825. The first ancestor of Governor Stew
art's family on the paternal side, whose
record has been preserved, was Robert
Stuart, of Edinburgh, Scotiand. Samuel,
his son, emigrated first to Londonderry,
Ireland, and secondly, from thence with the
historical Scotch-Irish colony which crossed
the Atlantic and settled in Londonderry,
N. H., in the early part of the eighteenth
century. John Stewart, grandfather of John
Wolcott, farailiarly known as Captain John,
was born in Londonderry, N. H. He was
a man of marked characteristics, full of
martial energy, and took an active part in
the French and Revolutionary wars. At
the early age of fifteen he first killed an
Indian in a notable fight in the forest.
Subsequently he became a member of a
courageous band of frontiersmen known as
Rogers' Rangers. He accompanied the iU-
fated expedition of General Montgomery
against Quebec, and was in the immediate
neighborhood of that gaUant ofificer at the
time of his death. He happened to be in
Bennington, paying his addresses to the
lady who afterward becarae his wife, when
Burgoyne's invasion took place, and he at

382

STEWART.

STICKNEY.

once volunteered and led a corapany of
patriot soldiers in the decisive conflict that
followed. John W. Stewart prepared for raatricula-
tion in the MiddlelDury Acaderay, entered
Middlebury College and graduated frora
that institution in 1846. Adopting the legal
profession, he began to qualify hiraself for
practice by reading law in the office of
Horatio Seymour, in Middlebury, and re
mained there until January, 1850, when he
was admitted to the bar of Addison county.
Commencing practice at Middlebury, he
conducted it alone untU 1854, when he con
tracted a copartnership with ex-U. S. Sena
tor Phelps, and maintained the connection
until the death of the latter in April, 1855.
His association with Senator Phelps proved
to be very valuable in raany respects.
Early in his professional career Mr. Stew
art identifled hiraself with the political aff'airs
ofhis native state. In the years 1852, 1853
and 18.54 he held the ofifice of state's attor
ney for Addison county. In 1856 he was
elected to the Legislature as representative
of Middlebury, and served therein as chair
man of the committee on railroads. His
services proved to be so acceptable to his
constituents that he was again elected in the
foUowing year, and was also re-appointed to
his forraer position on the railroad commit
tee. In January, 1857, the State House at
Montpelier was destroyed by fire, and a
strong movement was set on foot to make
Burlington the capital of the state. This
movement Mr. Stewart resisted. Although
one of the members from the west side of
Vermont, he was influentially active in the
legislative debates on the question of re
moval, and favored the retention of Mont
pelier as the capital. His logic was weighty
and powerful, and was largely instruraental
in carrying the point in favor of the old
location. In 1861 Mr. Stewart was returned
to the state Senate frora Addison county,
and served on the judiciary coraraittee.
Elected for a second term to the Senate of
1862, Mr. Stewart again served on the judi
ciary committee and as chairraan of the
committee on rules. In 1864 he was re
turned to the House frora Middlebury, and
served on the coraraittees on joint rules and
judiciary. In 1865, 1866 and 1867 he was
a raeraber of the House, and at each session
was elected speaker. One of the changes
in the organic law of the state, effected by
the Constitutional Convention of 1870, was
that by which the biennial systera was
adopted. Mr. Stewart was the first Gover
nor of Vermont elected under the new order
of things, and was chief magistrate of the
state, to his and its honor, from 1870 to
1872. He was in 1876 again a member of
the House, and was again its raodel speaker.

He has not given his whole tirae to the
practice of his profession, but has devoted a
portion of it to the manageraent of financial
institutions. He was chosen a director of
the Middlebury Bank in 1858, and for several
years prior to 1881 he served as president
with great acceptability and gave strong
evidence of entire fitness for the position.
In 1 88 1 the pressure of other engagements
upon his time forced him to decline a
further re-election.
In 1882 Governor Stewart was elected by
the Republicans of the new First Con
gressional District to the Forty-eighth Con
gress. His long service in both branches of
the Vermont Legislature and his exceUent
gubernatorial administration gave promise
that was amply fulfiUed of good and influen
tial service in national legislation. He was
re-elected to Congress in 1884, 1886 and 1888.
Since the expiration ofhis eight years in Con
gress Governor Stewart has returned to the
active practice of law — to the work of a pro
fession which he adorns and whose members
are all his admirers and friends.
John Wolcott Stewart was married, Nov.
21, i860, to Emma, daughter of Philip and
Emma Hart Battell of Middlebury, a grand
daughter of the late Hon. Horatio Seymour
of Middlebury. Five children were the fruit
of their union. Three of these, two daugh
ters and one son, are still hviing.
STICKNEY, George Washington,
of Andover, son of Joseph and Ann (Hos
mer) Stickney, was born in New Ipswich, N.
H., Oct. 25, 1804. Joseph Stickney, Sr., his
grandfather, was a veteran ranger in the old
French war, and Joseph, Jr., his father,
served with credit in the Revolutionary strug
gle. George's raother, Ann Hosmer, had
often gazed upon Paul Revere, and her father,
AVilliam Hosmer, raUied with his comrades
upon the green at Lexington.
George W. Stickney was of the third of
four generations, three of which have acted
an honorable part in three famous wars, for
his son Cassius was a brave soldier of the
Union and died in Libby Prison of wounds
received in battle. George W. received only
the limited educational advantages of the dis
trict school, but is a raan of remarkable in
telligence and force of character. At the
age of eighty-nine his raind is clear, his
memory retentive, and he stiU labors in the
field. His uncle. Moody Stickney, cleared
the farm in 1790 where he now resides, and
this property for more than a century has
been in possession of sorae raeraber of the
faraily, where to-day four generations are
sheltered under the roof tree of the old
horaestead and gather around its hospitable
board. Five soldiers of the Revolution set-
tied in this school district in Andover, and

STICKNEY.

STILES.

383

fifteen sons of these worthy sires served in
the bloody struggle to preserve the Union,
six of whom never returned.
Mr. Stickney was united in raarriage Nov.
22, 1832, to Roxillana, daughter of Araos and
Roxillana (Utley) Burton. To them have
been born eight children : Nancy (Mrs.
Alonzo C. Gutterson, deceased), Warren (de
ceased), Byron, Jane (deceased), Cassius
M. (killed in the war), EUza (Mrs. Warren
Beard of Chester), Preston L., and Eva J.
[¦*:Mr. Stickney was from the outset a pro
nounced abolitionist, casting his first presi
dential vote for John Quincy Adams and his
last for Benjarain Harrison, and deposited
his ballot at every intervening election. He
has been called upon to serve in aU town
offices, has acted as justice of the peace for
over half a century and for six terms repre
sented Andover in the Legislature, while dur
ing the civil war he discharged the duties of
deputy United States marshal and enrolling
ofificer. STICKNEY, JOSEPH TREADWAY, son
of Tyler and Laura (Tread way) Stickney,
was born in Shorehara, on the 28th of July,
1835-

JOSEPH TREADWAY STICKNEY.
His primary educational training was ob
tained at the comraon schools of his native
town, and he afterwards graduated at New
ton Acaderay, in Shoreham. He has always
devoted his life to agricultural pursuits and
to the breeding of blooded stock, in which
he has met with great success. He has de

voted great attention to raising Spanish
Merino sheep, and was honored with the
first prize for the best flock at the inter
national exhibition in Philadelphia, in 1876.
Like all Vermonters, he is rauch interested
in the breeding of horses, preferring those of
the Morgan variety, while in cattle his preju
dices are in favor of the Durham stock.
Mr. Stickney adheres to the principles of
the Republican party, and very deservedly
represented his town in the Legislature of
1886, where he was a useful meraber ofthe
general coraraittee. He has been the choice
of his fellow-townsraen for many positions of
trust, including that of selectman and over
seer. For three years he served on the
committee on pedigree in the Verraont
Sheep Breeders' Association. He has a
large acquaintance, and is a raan of exceed
ing popularity, but does not avail hiraself of
this advantage in office-seeking, nor does he
desire proraotion in the raanageraent of
public aff'airs, but quietly works for the good
of his party, enjoying the esteera and confi
dence of all his friends and acquaintances.
Mr. Stickney has never entered the raar
ried state, and has also avoided membership
in clubs and societies, and is not officially
connected with any church organization.
STILES, Frank W., of Springfield, son
of A\'ilUara L. and Betsey A. (Sargent) Stiles,
was born in AV^indsor, Dec. 27, 1849.
His education was somewhat liraited, being
confined to the pubhc schools of Windsor,
but during his youth and early raanhood,
under many disadvantages, he pursued quite
an extended course of reading and study.
His father being subject at times to mental
derangement, the support of the family de
volved largely upon the son, and frora
necessity he early acquired habits of indus
try and self denial. In 1864 the faraily
reraoved to Springfield, and Frank entered
the eraployment of the Novelty Works Co.
and other lausiness houses. After ten years
experience in this vocation, he established a
job printing business, and, Jan. 4, 1878,
issued the first number of the Springfield
Reporter, a four column folio devoted to the
promotion of local interests. The prospect
of success was not very encouraging, as seven
dififerent attempts in journalism had pre
viously failed in that locality, but Mr. Stiles
persevered and through his energy and un
ceasing effort, soon saw the circulation and
influence of his newspaper rapidly increase
tiU it reached its present enviable position,
resting on a flrra financial basis, entirely due
to the business and editorial abihty of its
founder and promoter. From this success
other good fortune has been derived, and
Mr. Stiles is now the owner of valuable real
estate in the town and its vicinity.

584

STILLSON.

STILLSON.

He has always been an outspoken and
staunch supporter of the Repubhcan party,
but has never sought or held pubhc ofifice.
He has received the first three degrees of
Masonry in St. John's Lodge, No. 41, of
Springfield. Mr. Stiles was united in raarriage June 5,
1879, to Ann ,S., daughter of Daniel and
Mary (Boyle) Hayes of Plyraouth. To
thera have been born : George Hayes, Louise
May (deceased in infancy), Bessie Ann
(deceased in infancy), Harold F. W., and
RusseU WiUiara.
STILLSON, Henry Leonard, of Ben
nington, son of EU Bennett, and Eliza Ann
(Leonard) Stillson, was born in GranviUe,
N. Y., Sept 19, 1842.
He received an academic education, sup
plementing that of the common schools, and
has devoted his life chiefly to journalism and
literary pursuits. He coramenced his career
by lending his services during the war to the
Rutland Herald. After four years thus em
ployed he embarked in the insurance busi
ness, but soon resumed his original vocation,
and since 187 1 has resided in Bennington,
where for twenty years he has been con
nected with the Bennington Banner.

^

HENRY LEONARD STILLSON.
This is a very brief abstract of the hfe of
a man whose reputation as a historian is
widely extended on both sides of the At
lantic. He was the editor-in-chief of the
"History of Freemasonry and Concordant

Order," a standard work which has gone
through several editions, and had the un
precedented sale of 33,000 copies during the
first year, thus making his narae a familiar
one among Masons, both here, in Canada
and in Europe. He is connected with a
number of journals devoted to interests of
Freemasonry, and the I. O. 0. F., and is a
frequent contributor to "Frank LesUe" and
other periodicals of that description. In
1892 he had the signal honor to be made a
raember of the correspondence circle of the
"Lodge Quatuor Coronati" of London, Eng.,
a select circle of antiquaries, and is also a
member of the Araerican Historical Associa
tion. His abiUty as a writer in his chosen
class of subjects has been heartily endorsed
by leading journals of America, England,
and those upon the continent.
Mr. Stillson has consecrated some of his
best literary efforts to the Masonic fraternity
in which he holds an eminent position, and
for whose welfare he has ever labored with
enthusiasm and energy. He is affiliated with
Mt. Anthony Lodge, No. 13, of which he is
past master ; Plattsburg Chapter, No. 39, R.
A.M.; Taft Comraandery, K. T, No. 8;
Gyrene Preceptory and Priory, K. T., No. 29,
of Toronto, Canada, and Mt. Anthony Chap
ter No. I, O. E. S. He has been called
upon to discharge the duties of grand patron
of the last naraed body, is an honorary Pre
ceptor of the Sovereign Great Priory of
Canada. He is past grand raaster and past
grand representative of the I. 0. 0. F., and
has also written the history of that order in
the state of Vermont. The biography of Mr.
Stillson's works occupies two pages in the
annual report of the American Historical
Association for 1893, among the latest of
which was the "Vermont Centennial History,"
issued last year.
Mr. StiUson was united in marriage, August
5, 1868, to Josephine Sophia, daughter of
Benjamin and Maria (Buckman) Woodruff,
of Plattsburg, N. Y. Mrs. Stillson died Feb.
18, 1880, leaving one daughter, Frances
Emily Stillson, now living, and a son, Benja
rain Leonard Edward, since deceased. Sep
teraber 6, 1881, he was wedded to Helen
Kenyon, of Manchester, Vt., and to them
four children have been born : Bessie, Ruth
Katherine, Adah Caroline, and Lee Hascall,
none of whom survive.
Mr. StiUson has always acted with the
Republican party and has represented Ben
nington in state and county conventions but
has never sought for or held any other pohti
cal preferment. He is the present health
ofificer for the viUage and town of Bennington
and North Bennington graded school district
— the executive for three boards of health.

STONE.
STONE, Charles Marshall, son of
Charles and Sarah (WeUs) Stone, was born
in Lyndon, April i8, 1833.
He left his father's farm in 1849, when six
teen years of age, and entered the ofifice of
the St. Johnsbury Caledonian in which he
acquired a thorough knowledge of the print
ing and pubhshing business, having received
his education in the pubhc schools and the
Lyndon and St. Johnsbury academies. In
1855 he purchased a haU interest in the
paper, two years later becarae sole editor
and proprietor and so reraained to the last
year of his life when his eldest son entered
the concern as assistant editor.
Mr. Stone was married in 1858 to Sarah,
daughter of Gov. Erastus and Lois (Cross-
man) Fairbanks. Four children were born
to them, three of whom survive. After a
short illness, Mr. Stone died, March 12,
1890, at JacksonviUe, Fla. He was a veteran
in Vermont journahsm, having conducted the
Caledonian for thirty-six years. Ever de
voted to his caUing, possessed of breadth of
thought, courage of utterance, sincerity and
strength of conviction, which quahties
marked his entire hfe, he wielded an influ
ence that was felt and acknowledged not
only in his own state, but also far beyond its
borders. STONE, Arthur Fairbanks, of St.
Johnsbury, son of Charles M. and Sarah
(Fairbanks) Stone, was born in St. Johns
bury, Feb. 18, 1863.
His preparatory education was the usual
one received in the public schools and he
fitted for coUege in the St. Johnsbury Acad
emy, where he was graduated in 1881. He
then matriculated at Amherst College, Mass.,
frora which he received his diploma as a
bachelor of arts, in 1885.
After his graduation, he resolved to de
vote himself to the profession of journalism
and as his first essay, was employed as a
reporter on the staff of the Northampton
(Mass.) Daily Herald for two years. He
then changed the scene of his labors and
served in the same capacity for a year in
connection with the Fall River Daily News.
In 1889 he purchased a half interest of the
Caledonian at St. Johnsbury and after the
death of his father, in 1890, continued its
publication, discharging the duties of the
editor-in-chief of that newspaper.
Mr. Stone was united in marriage, Jan. i,
1890, to Helen, daughter of A. J. and
Harriet E. Lincoln of Northampton, Mass.
They have one daughter : Edith L.
He is attached to the Republican party,
but though advocating its principles has
never sought ofificial preferment. Mr. Stone
is president of the local Natural History
Society, is the present clerk of the village of

STONE.

385

St. Johnsbury and has efificiently served as
the secretary of the Verraont Press Asso
ciation. STONE, Mason SERENO, of Mont
peher, son of Orson N. and Candace (Mason)
Stone, was born at Waterbury Center, Dec.
14, 1859.
His early education was received in the
pubhc schools and seminary of that place,
and he afterwards attended the People's
Acaderay of Morrisville. He was graduated
frora the classical departraent in the Uni
versity of Verraont in 1883.

MASON SERENO STONE.

Having had sorae experience ''as an in
structor during his coUege course, he resolved
to devote his life to the cause of education,
and during the next six years filled the
ofifice of principal of the Williston Acaderay,
Bristol high school, and People's Acaderay,
MorrisviUe. In 1889 he was elected super
visor of schools in Orleans county, and in
the next year organized the first suramer
school in Vermont. In 1891 he was ap
pointed tutor in raatheraatics in the Uni
versity of Vermont to fiU the position left
vacant by the absence of the regular in
structor. While at the university he was
appointed chief of the educational division
of the Indian Bureau at Washington, but
dechned the position, preferring to accept
the ofifice of superintendent of schools for
the district of Easthampton, Mass., which
post he resigned a year later, when he was
elected superintendent of education for the

386

STOWELL.

STRANAHAN.

State of Verraont, the duties of which ofifice
he continues to discharge.
Mr. Stone is independent in his politics.
For several years he has been a raeraber of
the Congregational church in Morrisville,
and has always manifested a lively interest
in the religious work of the young people's
societies. Mr. Stone is a self-reliant and
energetic raan, possessing the happy faculty
of arousing the enthusiasra and interest of
those with whom he comes in contact in the
professional work to which he has hitherto
devoted his life.
STOWELL, JOHN Wesley, of Put
ney, son of Asa and Mary (Colby) StoweU,
was born in Putney, Sept. 29, 1835.

-f"

chairs, continuing until 1883, when Mr.
StoweU bought the interest of his partner
and continued the business untU 1885.
Mr. Stowell has given much of his spare
time to inventions, the raost successful of
which was the Gera folding table, on which
he received letters of patent in 1885, and for
the manufacture of which he organized the
Stowell Manufacturing Co., of which organi
zation he was elected president and general
manager. Mr. Stowell was married at Winchendon,
Mass., May 6, 1856, to Helen M:, daughter
of Jaraes and Lydia Hosley, of Marlow, N.
H. Of this union there were three children.
Mrs. StoweU died April 24, 1 8 70. Mr. Stowell
was again united in raarriage, Oct. 29,
1873, to Miss Olive J. Farley, of Coleraine,
Mass. Mr. Stowell is prominent in Masonic
circles, and has held all the ofifices of his
lodge, as well as that of deputy grand master
of the Sth Masonic district of Vermont for
two years. He is also prominent as a mem
ber of the Knights of Honor.
STRANAHAN, FARRAND STEWART, of
St. Albans, son of Farrand Stewart and Mary
Caroline (Curtis) Stranahan, was born in
New York City, Feb. 3, 1S42.

**,. ,

JOHN WESLEY STOWELL,
He received his early education in the
pubhc schools of Putney, and at eleven years
of age began life for himseh. His first era
ployraent was in a chair stock factory at
Royalston, Mass., where he reraained for
three years, removing thence to Ashburn
ham, Mass., where he was fortunate enough
to raeet Professor Burrage of Amherst Col
lege, who took an interest in young StoweU
and instructed him privately.
In April, 1861, Mr. StoweU returned to
Putney and began the business life which has
led him to success. His first venture was in
the raanufacture of chair stock with J. N.
Underwood,which business he continued until
1873, when he forraed a partnership with R.
C, Hitchcock for the raanufacture of toy

FARRAND STEWART STRANAHAN.
He was educated in the public schools ot
the raetropoUs, and in 1859 came to Ver
mont. He was raade paymaster on the Ver
mont Central R. R. in 1865. From 1867 to

STURTEVANT.
187 1 he was engaged in business in St. Al
bans. At the close of this period he was ap
pointed treasurer of the National Car Co.,
which position he stiU retains. In 1886 he
becarae cashier of the Welden National Bank
of St. Albans, of which institution he was
raade vice president in 1892. Mr. Strana
han is also a director in the Central Verraont
and the Ogdensburg and L. C. R. R. Cos.
and is vice-president of the Missisquoi road.
Repubhcan in pohtical preference, he has
served as trustee of the village of St. Albans
and represented the town in 1884. Four
years afterward he was elected to the state
Senate, was a trustee of the state reform
school from 1888 to 1892, and was made
Lieutenant-Governor in 1892.
He was united in marriage, August 26,
1862, to Miranda Aldis, daughter of Hon.
Lawrence and Fidelia (Gadcomb) Brainerd,
from which alliance two children were born :
Mabel Fideha (deceased), and Farrand
Stewart. Mr. Stranahan enhsted in the United States
service in August, 1862, and was succes
sively promoted from the grade of ist ser
geant to the rank of 2d and ist heutenant
of Co. L., ist Vt. Cavalry and shared in aU
the batties in which that regiment partici
pated tiU the winter of 1864, when he was
appointed aid-de-carap on the staff of Gen.
George A. Custer, serving in every engage
ment in which that briUiant general took
part tiU September, 1864, at which time
Lieutenant Stranahan received an honorable
discharge and returned to his adopted home.
He is a raeraber of A. R. Hurlbut Post G.
A. R., of which he has been coramander,
and he also is enrolled in the military order
of the Loyal Legion.
STURTEVANT, WiLBER R., of Hart
land, son of Cullen F. and Harriet (Morey)
Sturtevant, was born in Hartland, Nov. 22,
1844. He comes of Puritan lineage, being
the grandson of Friend Sturtevant, who was
born in Halifax, Mass., and settled in Hart
land in 1804, where he was a medical prac
titioner. His mother was a near relative of
Capt. Samuel Morey, of Fairlee, whose
claims as the original inventor of the steam
boat have been lately urged with so rauch
authority and force.
Mr. Sturtevant received the customary
course of school instruction in the town of
Hartland, and then served an apprentice
ship in his father's mill to learn the art of
woolen manufacturing. His father was
widely known as the raaker of the Sturte
vant Sheep's Grey, an article noted for its
extrerae durability. At the age of twenty-
three Mr. Sturtevant comraenced his busi
ness career as a merchant in the town of
Hartland, where he has continued till the

SULLOWAY.

387

present time, conducting a successful and
remunerative trade, and winning the respect
of all by the honorable and straightforward
manner in which he has dealt with the
community. He was appointed postraaster in 1880,
and has held the ofifice since that time,
except under President Cleveland's adrain
istrations. He has creditably filled the
position of town clerk for raany years and
been called to various other ofifices of public
trust, in which he has never disappointed
the expectations forraed of his ability and
integrity. In 1886 he represented Hartland
in the Legislature.

WILBER R. STURTEVANT.

Mr. Sturtevant has knelt at the altar of
Free Masonry and is united with Verraont
Lodge, No. 18, of Hartland.
He was wedded, Oct. t8, 1871, to Lenora,
daughter of Cornelius and Mary (Pike)
Robinson. Their chUdren are : Florence H.,
Alice R., and Helen R.
SULLOWAY, LORENZO, of St Johns
bury, son of Lorenzo and Sabra (CampbeU)
Sulloway, was born in Wheelock, July 17,
1839. His education was received in the schools
of Wheelock, and he comraenced his busi
ness career as a coraraercial traveler for a
sugar evaporator corapany. Afterwards he
formed a partnership for general trade with
B. F. Taylor in his native town, where he re
mained tiU 1873. In 1867 he was appointed

SUMNER.

SUMNER.

deputy sheriff, which office he held tiU 1878,
when he was elected sheriff of Caledonia
county, and removed to St. Johnsbury. This
ofifice he now holds, having been elected in
1878, 1880, 1882, 1884, 1886, 1888, 1890,
and 1892, by large majorities. In 1890, he
was the regular nominee of both the contend
ing parties. During his term of ofifice he has
ably taken charge of a great raany notorious
criminals. In 1876, he was considered a
fitting person to represent Wheelock in the
Legislature where he served on the general
coraraittee. He raarried, Nov. 2, 1870, Lizzie, daughter
of John and Jane (Herron) Ranney, of
Wheelock. One son has been born to thera :
Ralph C.

LORENZO SULLOWAY.

Mr. Sulloway is a member of many secret
and social organizations, among which may
be naraed : Crescent Lodge, No. 56, F. &
A. M., of Lyndon, in which he has fiUed all
ofificial positions save that of raaster ; Has
well Chapter, Palestine Comraandery, No.
5, Mizpah Lodge of Perfection, Caledonia
Lodge of Odd FeUows, Knights of Pythias,
Olive Branch of Daughters of Rebekah, the
Order of the Eastern Star, and the Mystic
Club. He is a Methodist in his religious
belief. SUMNER, Hiram S., of Bristol, son of
Thoraas and Dorcas (Fuller) Sumner, was
born in Potsdam, N. Y., May 24, 1834.
He was an only son, and, at the age of
eighteen accompanied his parents, who

settled upon a farm in Addison. His early
education was chiefly derived from the
schools of Middlebury, where his parents
were residing -in 1843. In i860 he pur
chased a large farm in Bristol Flats, where
he has since raade his residence. In ad
dition to his successful farraing operations
he has been actively engaged as agent for
the sale of farraing irapleraents and ma
chinery. He was united in raarriage at Addison in
the suraraer of 1855 to Olive A., daughter of
Erasmus and Lucy (Carpenter) GuUey.
Four children were born to thera : Charles
E., Bertha M., Henry G., and Maude M.,
the last of whom died after a short illness,
Feb. 18, 1891.
Mr. Sumner is a Republican in his poUti
cal preferences, and has always taken an
active interest in the welfare of his party.
He has held the ofifice of selectman, and was
on the board of listers at the quadrennial
appraisal at two different tiraes, and has held
other positions of honor and trust.

HIRAM S. SUMNER.

He is a raeraber of the Congregational
church at Bristol. He is prominently con
nected with the Masonic faternity, and for
nearly thirty years has afifiliated with Libanus
Lodge No. 47, at Bristol. He has united
with MunseU Council, and Giff"ord Chapter
No. 25, at Bristol, and is a Knight Templar
of the Mt. Calvary Comraandery at Middle
bury.

SWAIN.

389

SWAIN, Albert Nathaniel, of Bel
lows FaUs, son of Nathaniel and Lucia
(Stow) Swain, was born in Reading, July 12,
1828. He received his literary instruction in the
coramon schools, but his practical education
was derived from the printing ofifice. In
this latter he served an apprenticeship of
three years, commencing in 1847 in the
ofifice of the Vermont Journal at Windsor,
during which he gave sorae attention to the
study of Latin. After this he continued for
a sirailar period as journeyman with the
sarae eraployer, when seized with an ara
bition to becorae a journalist he reraoved to
Brattleboro and there found a position as
printer and assistant editor of the Verraont

ALBERT NATHANIEL SWAIN.
B.epublican then pubhshed by O. H. Piatt.
In 1856 he came to BeUows FaUs, where he
becarae edUor and soon after proprietor of
the BeUows FaUs Tiraes, which he continued
to publish, in connection with conducting a
job printing establishment, for more than
thirty-two years, when he retired frora active
life still raaking that town his place of resi
dence. Mr. Swain was raarried, Nov. 13, 1856, to
.Susan W., daughter of John L. and Phebe
(Town) Putnam of Brattleboro.
He was an early member of the anri-
slavery party and cast his first ballot for the
candidates of the old Liberal party, when it
could poU but six votes in his town. In
1852 he voted for John P. Hale, and after

the organization of the Republican party
gave to it a steady and loyal adherence.
In 1870 Mr. Swain was elected a meraber
of the Constitutional Convention by the
unanimous vote of his feUow-townsraen.
This asserably he regards as the strongest in
abUity of any legislative body with which he
has been connected, being composed of the
strongest raen in the state, araong them ex-
Governors, congressraen, judges, and that
erainent lawyer, Hon. E. J. Phelps. The
raost prominent question debated and de
cided in that convention was that of the bi
ennial sessions of the Legislature, the adop
tion of which measure received the earnest
support of Mr. Swain. He was also a rep
resentative in the Assemblies of 1872 and
1876, and was chosen senator from his
county in i886. He was assigned to various
coraraittees, including those on education,
printing, joint rules, raUroads, and federal
relations. On the first three he served as
chairman. Mr. Swain was one of the originators as
well as earliest merabers of the Verraont
Press Association, and for four years acted
as president of that body. He served as
postraaster of Bellows Falls under the ad
ministrations of lincoln, Johnson and Grant,
giving general and marked satisfaction in
this position during a period of twelve years.
He has been a trustee of the Bellows Falls
Savings Bank since 1882, president of the
Rockingham Free Library since its organiza
tion, and has held raany other positions of
trust and responsibUity, in aU of which he
has never disappointed the expectations of
those who have coraraitted these duties to
his care.
TAFT, Elihu Barber, of Burlington,
son of Eleazer and Ellen (Barber) Taft, was
born in WiUiston, March 25, 1847.
After the advantages of a good home edu
cation and one in the coramon schools and
WUhston Academy, he entered the Univer
sity of Verraont in 1867, graduating in 1871.
Four years after he received the degree of
A. M. frora his alma mater. He entered
his name as a law student in 1870 with the
weU-known attorneys, Messrs. Wales and
Taft at Burlington, and pursued his legal
studies with them during his last year in the
university. Being admitted to practice at the
bar of Chittenden county court in 1873, ^6
took up his residence in Burhngton and was
adraitted some time after to practice in the
Supreme Court in the same county. On the
motion of Hon. E. J. Phelps, at the Febru
ary term, 1879, he was admitted as an attor
ney in the United States district and circuit
courts. He was appointed United States
deputy coUector of internal revenue of the
third district of Vermont in 1874 and served

a.J^

TAFT.

391

until he resigned in 1881. Mr. Taft has
been a successful lawyer for over twenty
years in Burhngton and his professional in
tegrity and abihty have never been ques
tioned. He was raarried, AprU i, 1875, to Lucia
A., daughter of Anson S. and Agnes (Stuart)
Johnson, who died Dec. 15, 1S75.
Mr. Taft is a RepubUcan in his pohtical
faith and has been honorably recognized by
his party and the people. He has served
several terras as school commissioner and as
one of the board of aldermen, being presi
dent of the board for three terms. In 1888
he received the honor of an election as a
senator frora Chittenden county, and during
the session of that year was made chairman
of the general committee, one of the most
iraportant in the Legislature. He is a life
member of the American Society for the Ad
vancement of Science. His hfe-long study
of natural history entitles him to rank among
the foremost of amateur naturalists, to which
fact his large private cabinet of birds, fos
sils, shells and minerals wiU bear ample tes
timony. He has been a most extensive traveler,
not only in the New but also in the Old
World. He visited the Centennial at Phila
delphia, the region of the great lakes and
copper mines of Michigan, is famUiar with
the scenery on the western side of the
Rocky Mountains, the Yosemite Valley, the
Yellowstone National Park and the Pacific
coast frora San Francisco to Puget Sound.
Nor has he neglected places of interest
nearer his native state but has raade exten
sive tours through Canada, sailing down the
St. Lawrence, and up the glooray Saguenay.
The winter and spring of 1887 he spent in
the South and Southwest, seeing New
Orleans, Galveston and the City of Mexico,
also raaking a trip to the top of the volcano
Popocatepetl, to the petrified forest of
Arizona and the Grand Canon of the Col
orado. His last and most extended journey was
in 1889, to the raost iraportant cities and
countries in the Eastern Hemisphere, in
cluding Paris, Rome, Bombay, Calcutta,
Benares, Cairo, Jerusalem, Smyrna, Athens,
Constantinople, Vienna, Venice, Cologne
and cities of Denraark, Russia, Sweden and
Norway, Scotland, England and Ireland and
Holland, concluding with a visit to Paris
where ten days were occupied at the great
exposition before he turned his steps horae-
ward. He has ever been a zealous Free Mason
and as soon as he had arrived at raan's
estate received the obligations of Ancient
Craft Masonry in Webster Lodge, No. 61, of
Winooski. He was a charter raeraber of
Burlington Lodge, No. 100, at Buriington,

of which he is a past raaster. He is past
grand recorder and past grand treasurer
of the Grand Coraraandery of Verraont ; a
raember of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine
and has attained the 3 2d degree in the
Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. In
most of the dififerent bodies of this last
order he has worthily presided.
Mr. Taft has ever raaintained the char
acter of an upright man, an honest and able
lawyer and a good ditizen.
TAFT, Russell S., of Burhngton, was
born in WiUiston, Jan. 28, 1835, and went
to BurUngton in 1853, where he resided until
May, 1 88 1, when he returned to Williston,
but is now living again in BurUngton. He
was educated at the common schools and
academies ; read law, and was admitted to
the bar of Chittenden county in November,
1856 ; was selectraan of the town of Burhng
ton from 1 86 1 to 1864, and alderraan of the
city of Burhngton from 1865 to 1869; was
state's ahorney for Chittenden county from
1862 to 1865 ; a senator for that county in
1865 and 1866; city attorney forthe city
of Burhngton in 187 1 and 1872 ; register of
probate in the district of Chittenden frora
1863 to 1880, and Lieutenant-Governor of
the state in i872-'74. In 1880 he repre
sented the city of Burlington in the Legisla
ture ; was elected sixth assistant judge of
the Suprerae Court. He has since been bi
ennially re-elected to the bench, and has
been since 1890 first assistant judge of the
Suprerae Court.
Judge Taft is especially conversant with
Verraont decisions, and in disposing of cases
is rauch raore inclined to apply to thera the
law as it is in Vermont than the law as it
may be in other jurisdictions.
TAPLIN, Merrick Mansfield, of
Barton Landing, son of Richard and Susan
(Ordway) Taphn, was born in Irasburgh,
June 8, 1851.
After attendance at the public schools of
Irasburgh and Orleans Liberal Institute he
decided to devote himself to a business ca
reer and in 1868 commenced to deal in
cattle and horses. In 1884 he added to his
former occupation a trade in wagons, sleighs
and agricultural irapleraents. At the sarae
time forming a copartnership with Dr. Geo.
B. Rowell under the firra narae of Taplin &
Rowell, and they own and operate a large
dairy farm in Irasburgh. He is largely inter
ested in real estate. He with his partner have
recently taken a haU interest in the St. Johns
bury Carriage Co.
Mr. Taplin is a strong Republican; was
for ten years Uster in Irasburgh, and served as
selectman and lister after removing to Barton
Landing.

392

TAYLOR.

TAYLOR.

His religious preferences are Congrega
tionahst and be is a musician of abihty. He
has been an ardent supporter and president
of the Orleans County Musical Association.
Mr. Taphn married, March 23, 1887, Susie
E., daughter of Hon. Charles and Mary
(Melvin) Rogers.
TAYLOR, Giles Galusha, of Fletcher,
son of Giles and Cynthia (Leach) Taylor,
was born in Fletcher, Feb. 11, 1813. His
father was the first blacksmith of the town
in which he was one of the earliest settiers,
and was a veteran soldier of the war of 181 2.
The son received a scanty education in
the district schools, and at the early age of
eighteen married, and then settied upon a
section of land near Metcalf pond, a lonely
sheet of water araong the hUls, where with a
woodman's axe- he cleared a farra frora the
native wilderness. By dint of unceasing toil
he slowly increased his resources, gradually
purchasing raore land, until he is now the pos
sessor of an estate of three hundred aCres and
resides upon a farra adjoining his original
homestead, which has been in the posses
sion of the family for three-quarters of a
century. The dairy and the sugar orchard
are the principal sources from which he
derives his income. In his manufacture of
raaple sugar he uses the best of modern ap
pUances with successful and remunerative
results. Mr. Taylor has also a fine apiary.
He is a true-blue Deraocrat of the Jack
sonian school, and cast his first presidential
vote for Martin Van Buren. For raore than
forty years he has been raoderator in town
meetings, and has always presided with
dignity and irapartiality. Such is the con
fidence reposed in hira that though a mera
ber of the rainority party, he has been
elected to fiU various town ofifices, and was
called upon to represent Fletcher in the
Legislature of 1890, in which body he was
the oldest member.
Four score years have left their traces
upon his form, yet his mental faculties are
nearly as active as in his youthful days, and
he StUl enjoys a joke and hearty laugh as
well as any raan in FrankUn county.
Mr. Taylor married, Feb. 15, 1831, Lydia,
daughter of James and Abigail (Aldrich)
Chase. F"ive chUdren were issue of this
wedlock: Lorinda (Mrs. WiUiam Leach,
deceased), James B. (deceased), Ehza (Mrs.
A. B. Case of Carabridge), Florilla (de
ceased), and Abbie P. (Mrs. W. J. Spauld
ing)- TAYLOR, Herbert Edward, of Brat
tleboro, son of Jeremiah and Mary (Edwards)
Taylor, was born in GuUford, Oct. 13, 1837.
He was educated at the common schools
of GuUford, at the Westminster Serainary,

and Powers InstUute of Bernardston, Mass.,
spending his vacations on the home farm,
where he also passed the early years of his
life. In 1 86 1 he enlisted with Co. F, 4th Regt
Vt. Vols., and served three years, receiving
his discharge in September, 1864. He
was severely wounded in the battie., of
the Wilderness, May 5, 1864, and was
disabled for manual labor, and has since
constantly suffered frora the effects of his
wounds. Returning from the battiefield he
located on the home farra, where he re
raained until the early spring of 1865, when
he removed to Brattleboro and engaged in
the clothing and furnishing business, which
he continued until 1875.

HERBERT EDWARD TAYLOR.
In 1879 hs was appointed deputy-collector
of internal revenue of the District of Ver
mont, in which capacity he served the
governraent untU 1885. In 1886 Mr. Taylor
was elected a deputy-sheriff and also tax
collector for the town of Brattleboro, to
which position he was re-elected successively
for four terms. He was also door-keeper of
the House of Representatives in 1888.
Mr. Taylor served in the Verraont National
Guard, frora 1886 to 1888, as captain and
provost-raarshal of the ist Regiraent ; and
also, frora 1888 to 1890, as colonel and aid-
de-carap on the stafif of Gov. WiUiam P.
DUlinghara. Colonel Taylor has been ac
tively and prorainently identified with the

TAYLOR.

TEMPLE.

393

G. A. R., and in 1888 was elected cora
mander of the Departraent of Vermont.
In social matters Colonel Taylor has also
taken a prorainent part. He is a meraber
of Colurabian Lodge, No. 36, F. & A. M.,
and a raeraber of Beauseant Commandery
of Knights Templar, as well as a meraber of
the Sons of American Revolution.
Col. H. E. Taylor was raarried, Oct. 7,
1867, to Eraeline, daughter of Stephen and
Electa (Sargent) Dutton, of Dummerston.
Of this union is one son : Linn Dutton Tay
lor, of Brattleboro. Mrs. Taylor died in
1877. Colonel Taylor was appointed, Nov. 23,
1889, by Secretary of the Treasury Windora,
to the position of special inspector of cus
toms, with ofificial station at St. Albans, a
position which he held tiU Nov. i, 1893,
operating upon the northern frontier and in
Canada, and was instrumental in preventing
and detecting smuggling and other frauds
upon the Treasury Department. After the
termination of his service for the govern
ment, he returned to his home in Bratdeboro
and engaged in the insurance business with
his son.
TAYLOR, Harvey Edson, of West
Cornwall, son of Samuel and DrusUla
(Briggs) Taylor, was born in Sahsbury, Jan.
3i> 1839. ..,..•
He coraraenced his education m the dis
trict schools, and finished by pursuing ^ a
course of study at the grammar school in
Middlebury and at Fort Edward Institute.
In early life he coramenced the study of the
law, but forsaking this, became interested in
breeding and selling sheep in the West. For
five years he was engaged in trade in West
Cornwall, but is now a farmer and sheep
breeder. He has devoted hiraself particu
larly to the RambouUett strain, having im
ported frora the flock of Victor GUbert, of
France, in 1884. Mr. Taylor has a large
trade throughout the country.
He was united in marriage, at Troy, N.
Y., Sept. I, 1864, to Kathleen Liola, eldest
daughter of WUliam and Martha (Murray)
Hanks, of Addison.
He is an adherent of the Republican party
and received the comphment of an election
to represent CornwaU in the Legislature of
1890. He served with credit on the com
mUtee on claims, and introduced the bUl to
abolish the commissioner of emigration, in
which attempt he was successful. He urged
this raeasure because he was firmly con
vinced that it was poor state policy to pay
salaries to agents to decry the agricultural
advantages of Verraont. Mr. Taylor has
ever led an active and useful life, in the firm
behef that it is better to wear out than to
rust out. He has never become a meraber

of any secret society or organization, since
he sees no benefit resulting from such con
nection. TEMPLE, George G., of Lunenburg,
son of Frank G. and Lucy (StockweU) Tera
ple, was born in Concord, April 14, 185 1.
His educational advantages were restricted
to the public schools of Concord and when
he was twenty-two years of age he removed
to Lunenburg, where he purchased the prop
erty known as the John W. Hartshorn farm
and since that time he has been successfully
engaged in agricultural pursuits, to which he
has added stock raising. He has also been
busily occupied in buying and seUing cattle.
Mr. Temple is a raan of strong physique and
tireless energy.
He has always been successfiU in his va
rious enterprises, is strongly Republican in
his political preferences and has served
several terms as selectman and road com
missioner. So strong is the confidence re
posed in hira by his fellow-townsraen that he
was sent to represent them in the lower
branch of the General Assembly of 1886.
TEMPLETON, HORATIO, of Worcester,
son of Joel H. and Abigail (Austin) Temple
ton, was born in Montpeher, May 29, 1819.

HORATIO TEMPLETON.

He is one of a family of nine children and
carae to ^^'orcester with his parents when he
was six years old, and received his education
in the comraon schools of the town. His

394

TENNEV.

father was not in affluent circurastances and,
after his schoohng was completed, Horatio
worked under his father's supervision at the
trade of a carpenter and joiner. As soon as
his resources enabled him to do so, he rented
a saw-miU, which he carried on for several
years with such success that in 1849 he was
able to buUd one for himseU and soon after
to purchase an adjacent farra which he stiU
possesses. Until i860 he was busily engaged
in the raanufacture of staves, barrel heads and
luraber, but just before the war he rented his
property, purchased the hotel in ^Yorcester
and as proprietor conducted it for about
eight years. During the war he was actively
engaged as a recruiting officer under state
authority. For a considerable period subse
quently he was occupied in trade with his
son-in-law at Worcester, the firm being Tem
pleton & Vail, but sold his interest, and since
that time has been principally eraployed in
the affairs of the town, in setthng estates and
as agent for the Verraont Mutual Fire Insur
ance Co.
He was raarried, Sept. i, 1839, to Rhoda
S., daughter of Mathias and Elizabeth (Stev
ens) Fulsora. Seven children are the issue
of the union ; Horatio M., Amanda R. (Mrs.
E. L. Wright, deceased), John S., Abbie Ann
(Mrs. H. D. Vail, of ^^'orcester), Emma J.
(Mrs. H. W. Lilly), Charies F., and LilUan
M. (Mrs. J. L. Stone).
Mr. Templeton was forraerly attached to
the Repubhcan party, but since 1872 has
afifihated with the Deraocrats. For nearly
thirty years he has discharged the duties of
justice of the peace, and has also served as
treasurer and constable. He represented the
town with credit and fidehty in 1858 and
1859 and, in spite of his political views, was
again representative from Worcester in 1882
and 1890. He has long been a member of
Aurora Lodge, No. 32, F. & A. M.
TENNEY, John Allen, late of Corinth,
son of Dr. Joshua and Susanna (AUen) Ten
ney, was born, Feb. 21, 1815, in Corinth.
He received his education in the schools
of Corinth and at Bradford Acaderay. Mr.
Tenney embarked on his business career as a
salesman of paper for Mr. Low of Bradford,
and afterward forraed a partnership for the
sale of general merchandise with Theodore
Cooke of Corinth. At the sarae tirae he
also engaged in farraing. In 1859 he re
moved to Indian Village, Tama Co., Iowa,
and while there engaged in trade and also
dealt largely in real estate. After four years
experience of western life, he returned to
Corinth and again pursued the business of a
raerchant combined with that of a farmer.
Here he raade his abode until the tirae of
his death.

He was a Repubhcan, and represented
Corinth in the Legislature in 1848 and 1849.
He was town clerk and register of probate
for many years. For nine years he dis
charged the duties of judge of the probate
for Bradford district, and held the position of
assistant judge of Orange county court for
two years by election, and one year by ap
pointraent to fiU the place of a former
incumbent who had resigned. While in Iowa
he was raade county supervisor.
Judge Tenney belonged to the Masonic
fraternity, and occupied a high position in
the brotherhood.
He was raarried at Corinth, Jan. i, 1844,
to Mary, daughter of Henry and Jennie
(McKeen) Doe of Corinth, who died May
7, 1847. His second wife was Lydia Doe,
who died Jan. 29, 1889, by whom he had
one child : Mary I. He contracted a third
alUance with Mary Raymond, June 23, 1892.
Judge Tenney died, regretted by a large
circle of friends and acquaintances, Oct i.

TERRILL, George EdRICK, of Under
bill, son of Londus F. and Susan (Fernald)
TerriU, was born in Underbill, July 30, 1861.

GEORGE EDRICK TERRILL.

He was educated in the common schools
of his native town and the Green Mountain
Academy at UnderhiU Centre. After leav
ing school in 1876 he was engaged as a clerk
in the mercantile establishraent of his father
where he continued untU 1884, when he pur
chased a hah interest and reraained a part-

TEWKSBURY.

THAYER.

395

ner untU 1889. He then bought out his
father and has since successfully continued
the business.
He was raarried in Plattsburg, N. Y., June
II, 1878, to Ida J., daughter of Cyrus and
Lucy (Mead) Prior. Of this union are two
children : Efifie A., and Scott E.
He is a meraber of McDonough Lodge,
No. 26, F. & A. M., and has been its secre
tary for six years and also its junior warden.
He joined Burhngton Chapter in 1882 and
also Burhngton Council and later the Cora
mandery of which he was standard bearer.
He joined Burhngton Chapter, No. 3, R. A.
M., and Burhngton Council, No. 5, R. &
S. M., in 1883 j Burlington Commandery,
No. 2, K. T., in 1884; Mount Sinai Temple,
Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic
Shrine, Nov. 16, 1892 ; Vermont Consistory,
A. A. S. R., 32d, March 31, 1893. He also
belongs to Green Mountain Lodge (Odd
Fellows), No. 4. He is a member of Gen.
George A. Custer Camp, No. 7, S. of V., was
its first captain in 1884. He was success
ively promoted in this organization to the
rank of raajor, lieutenant-colonel and colonel
of the Division of Vermont, and was a dele
gate to the national encampraents at Min
neapolis, Minn., Helena, Mont., and Cincin
nati, Ohio.
As a Republican he represented his town
inthe General Asserably of 1892, was a mem
ber of the committee on railroads, and has
been town treasurer since 1885, and for six
years past has been chairman of the Repub
lican town coraraittee.
TEWKSBURY, AMOS BRADFORD, of
West Randolph, son of Araos W., and Annis
(CarapbeU) Tewksbury, was born in New
Boston, N. H., April u, 1832. His father
reraoved to West Randolph frora New Bos
ton in 1854. He was widely known as a re
liable business raan and acted in the official
capacity of town clerk and treasurer. He
engaged in general trade and soon possessed
the deserved confidence and patronage of a
wide circle in his neighborhood. During
the twenty-eight years which he passed in
West Randolph as a merchant and manu
facturer the town progressed in development
with great rapidity, and Mr. Tewksbury con
tributed his fuU share to its welfare. He died
at West Randolph, August 16, 1883, with a
high reputation for liberahty and strict in
tegrity. The son inherited his father's practical
and sterhng qualities, and after receiving his
education in the common schools of New
Boston and the Merrimac Normal School he
entered the firra with which his father had
been connected, and his business experience
has developed a keen insight, a judgraent
both ready and reliable, and an ability to at

tend to all petty and various details in his
transactions which is rarely equalled araong
business raen.
The trade of A. W. Tewksbury & Sons is
one of the raost extensive in the state. They
have extensive sawraills and manufacture
large quantities of lumber. In addition they
have a door, sash and blind factory, besides
an estabhshment for raaking adjustable win
dow screens.
Mr. Tewksbury has deservedly been in
trusted with raany ofificial positions, and in
1882 he was chosen representative of the
town of Randolph ; but he has best served
the interests of the place by therein con
ducting a large and profitable business on
liberal principles.
He was united in raarriage, July 19, 1864,
to Anna M., daughter of Abner and Hannah
Dodge. Of this marriage there are two chil
dren : George D. (deceased) , and Edward W.
THAYER, Lewis Paige, of West
Randolph, son of W. H. H. and Sarah A.
(Lewis) Thayer, was born in Barnard, Oct.
23, 1851.
In his earlier years he pursued his studies
at the academy at West Randolph, and the
Randolph Norraal School. Resolving to
devote his life to journalisra, he commenced
to study the practical part of his profession
in the ofifice of the Green Mountain Herald,
then owned by the Rev. E. Gerry. Having
mastered the printer's trade and obtained
some knowledge of editorial duties, he
purchased the paper, and from a list of 275
subscribers worked up a circulation of 4000.
In 1879 he raoved to Montpeher where he
coramenced the pubUcation of the Verraont
Farraer, and after about two years sold the
journal to Mr. George H. Richraond, having
raade the paper a success. He then returned
to the Herald, but has not confined his at
tention to this sheet alone, having been
associated with the Northfield News, Bur
lington Clipper, and other papers.
Mr. Thayer is at present the chairman of
the executive committee of Vt. Press Associa
tion. He has never desired, sought for, or
held political ofifice.
He was united in raarriage, August 29,
1879, at Yankton, Dakota, to Ahce M.,
daughter of A. A. and Betsey A. Smith. Two
children have been born to thera : Maurine,
and Harrison Smith.
THOMAS, HORACE, of Salisbury, son of
Isaac and MatUda (Hubbard) Thomas, was
born in Salisbury, August 15, 1809. Mr.
Thoraas is a raember of a faraily of old New
England stock, which was one of the first to
find its way into Verraont.
He took advantage of the scanty course
of instruction afforded by the neighboring

396

THOMAS.

THOMAS.

schools, and when he came of age, acceded
to his father's wish that he remain at horae
and assist hira in the labors of the farm. At
his father's death, he purchased the interest
of the other heirs, and stUl remains on the
old Thomas horaestead.
He married, Dec. 3, 1835, Anna B.,
daughter of William and Eunice Wainwright,
of Salisbury. Of this union there were five
sons and one daughter : William W. (who
died at Middlebury in 1879), Willard H.
(who died at Salisbury in 1887), Walter J.
(a veteran of the war), Robert B., Delia A.
(Mrs. Frederick Eraerson, of AdamsviUe,
Mich.), and Edson H.
Mr. Thomas has always been identified
with the Republican party, and is an active
promoter of the interests of his native town,
where he is universally honored and respect
ed. For thirty-four years he has been town
treasurer, and has enjoyed many successive
terms as selectman. He was chosen as rep
resentative to the Legislature at its first
biennial session in 1870. He has been for
raany years an active and influential mem
ber of the Congregational church at Salis
bury village, and has long served as a trus
tee of that society.
THOMAS, Stephen, of Montpeher, son
of John and Rebecca (Batchellor) Thoraas,
and grandson of Joseph and Hannah (Vick
ery) Thoraas, was born in Bethel, Dec. 6,
1809. His grandfather Joseph served in the
Revolutionary war, and was a lieutenant in a
New Harapshire regiraent in the Saratoga
carapaign, and his father John was a soldier
in the 31st Regt., U. S. Inft., in the war of
1 81 2, and died frora exposure in service at
Plattsburgh. Stephen was but four when hisfather died,
and his widowed mother's circumstances
were such that he had to go to work when a
mere boy. He went to district school in
Thetford, and at eighteen was apprenticed
to a woolen manufacturer, and followed his
trade in Thetford, Strafford and West Fair
lee. He started manufacturing for hiraseU
at Hartland, but was burned out and went to
work in Thetford, and finally settied in West
Fairlee. Here he did a good deal of sheriff
business, and also pension business, and was
soon the leading raan of affairs in town.
He represented West Fairlee in the House
in 1838, 1839, i845> 1846, i860 and 1861,
and was a state senator frora Orange, county
in 1848 and 1849. He was a delegate to
the Constitutional Conventions of 1843 and
1850; register of probate for the district of
Bradford from 1842 to 1846, and judge of
probate for that district from 1847 to 1849.
Judge Thoraas was active in politics, and an
earnest Democrat tiU the rebellion began.
He was an alternate to the Democratic na

tional convention of 1848, and a delegate to
the next three conventions, those of 1852
1856, and i860. At the sessions of the
convention of i860, at Charleston, S. C, and
Baltimore, he became convinced of the set
design of southern Deraocrats to break the
Union if they could not control it. He was
the Deraocratic candidate for Lieutenant-
Governor in i860, and earnestly advocated
the election of Douglas.
At the special session called by Governor
Fairbanks at the outbreak of the rebelUon
in April, 1861, the greatest sura proposed to
be raised for war purposes was haU a milKon
dollars, but Judge Thomas urged with energy
that it be a miUion — and his fiery zeal carried
the appropriation which he well knew would
be needed.

STEPHEN THOMAS.

November 12, 1861, he was made colonel of
the Sth Vermont, which regiraent he raised and
led to the South, reraaining its colonel till
Jan. 12, 1865. Feb. i, 1865, hewas com
missioned brigadier-general of volunteers,
and served as such till August 24, 1865. He
was elected Lieutenant-Governor in 1867
and 1868, and under commission from Pres
ident Grant was pension agent for Vermont,
with headquarters at Montpeher, from 187010
1877. He is now president of the U. S. Clothes
Pin Co. of Montpeher, which does a large
jobbing business in lumber and house find
ings, and not only extends its clothes-pin
trade over the whole country, but does a
large export business. The corporation now

THOMPSON.

THOMPSON.

397

employs fifteen hands. He is also president
of the North HaverhiU Granite Co.
General Thomas served with distinction
in the departraent of the Gulf till 1864, when
his regiraent was ordered North, and in the
suraraer of that year put under Sheridan in
the Shenandoah Valley. His services at the
battles of Winchester, Fisher's HiU, and
Cedar Creek were of the highest order. He
was comraended in general orders for ser
vices at Winchester, Sept. 19, 1864, when he
charged with the Sth Verraont and 12th
Connecticut, under his coraraand on his
own responsibihty. It is not unjust to other
brave ofificers to tell the truth, that at all
soldiers' reunions the applause always gets
to its highest when General Thoraas appears.
He was the idol of the common soldier, and
the veterans seem to add year by year to
their enthusiasm for the bluff — sometimes
gruff and always brave — old general.
General Thoraas married Ann Peabody of
Reading, who died at West Fairlee, Jan.
8, 1877. They had two children: Hartopp
of Junction City, Wis., and Amanda T.,
¦widow of Luther Newcomb, who was raany
years county clerk at Montpelier.
General Thoraas has, since the death of
his wife, raade his horae at Montpeher with
his daughter, Mrs. Newcorab. He has held
the highest places of honor in the gift of the
various veteran associations in the state, the
camp of the Sons of Veterans at the capital
is "Stephen Thomas Camp," and so the
sons, Uke the fathers, regard hira as the type
of the American citizen soldier — exemplar
by descent of those who in battle founded
and defended, and in person of those who in
battie preserved, the great Republic.
THOMPSON, Laforrest Holman, of
Irasburgh, son of Levi S. and Irene (Hodg
kins) Thompson, was born in Bakersfield,
Jan. 6, 1848.
His father moved from Bakersfield to
Cambridge about 1855, reraained there one
year and then moved to Potton, Canada,
where Laforrest's raother died. The boy
worked on the farm until 1865, having
scant schooling but reading and studying
much for himself. From 1865 he studied at
the graramar school (now the Norraal school)
at Johnson, and at KirabaU Union Academy
at Meriden, N. H., and taught school himseU.
In 1869, he was fitted for coUege but his
health was not such as to permit hira to
enter. He taught instead at Craftsbury and
Irasburgh, and studied law raostly by him
self. In March, 1871, he was admitted to the
Orieans county bar and at once began prac
tice at Irasburgh. He has always been an
indefatigable worker and he soon fought his
way to the front rank of his profession. In

1874, he was elected state's attorney and
from 1876 to 1881, when his law practice
deraanded his whole time and caused him to
resign, he was judge of probate.
In 1880 and 1882, Judge Thorapson rep
resented Irasburgh and was, the latter year,
chairraan of the judiciary coraraittee of the
House. In 1884 he was a senator from
Orleans county and president pro tempore of
the Senate.
In 1890 Judge Thompson again repre
sented Irasburgh in the House, and was
again chairman of its judiciary coraraittee.
Atthe session of 1890 he was elected sixth
assistant judge of the Suprerae Court, which
ofifice he now fiUs.
His election brought to judicial service at
once the ardent student, and the man of
affairs giving the right reason for the right
decision. Mr. Thompson married, August 24, 1869,
Mary EUza, daughter of Hon. A. P. Dutton
of Craftsbury, who bore hira four children.
Mrs. Thompson died March 29, 1881, and
Judge Thompson afterwards married Harriet
C. Kinney, by whom he also has children.
THOMPSON, Sumner Shaw, late of
LyndonviUe, son of Jacob and Esther (Shaw)
Thompson, was born in Halifax, Mass., April
12, 1823. He was a descendant of Lieut.
John Thorapson, who raarried a daughter of
Francis Cooke, one of the Mayflower pil
grims. His education was obtained in the public
schools at Plympton, Mass., and at the age
of nineteen he received a contract from his
brother to build a part of the New Bedford
& Taunton railway, and for forty-seven years
until his death he devoted himself to rail
road construction. He was concerned in
building the Verraont & Canada, Central
Verraont, New Harapshire Northern, Atlantic
& St. Lawrence, New London Northern,
Boston, Concord & Montreal, Newport &
Southeastern, Passurapsic, Frankfort (Mich.)
& Southeastern, Montreal, Portland & Bos
ton, Woodstock, Soraerset, Saratoga & Sack
ett's Harbor, and several railways now incor
porated with the Old Colony & Southeastern
system. At the time of his death he was president
of the Frankfort & Southeastern R. R. in
Michigan, a director of the Connecticut &
Passumpsic, and vice-president of the Mont
peher & WeUs River R. R., of which latter
he was appointed receiver, managing the
property so ably that it increased in value
while in his hands. He was also a director
in the Lyndonville Savings Bank, and the
First National Bank of St. Johnsbury, of
which latter corporation he was also vice-
president He was director of the Verraont
Mutual Fire Insurance Co., and one of the

398

THOMPSON.

founders of the St. Johnsbury Republican.
He also presided over the board of trustees
of the Lyndon Classical Institute, to which
he was a most generous contributor.
He was staunchly RepubUcan in his poUt
ical views, representing Lyndon in 1866 and
1867 in the House, in which he did efificient
service on several important coraraittees. In
1876, and again in 1878, he was chosen a
senator frora Caledonia county, and in 1880
was raade a presidential elector.
While residing in Massachusetts he became
a member of the Mayflower Lodge, I. O. O.
F., and was afifihated with the Christian Bap
tist church.
Mr. Thorapson was united in marriage,
April 10, 1847, to Harriet Stark, daughter of
America and Mary (Chandler) Wiley of
Fryeburg, Me. Two children were born to

SUMNER SHAW THOMPSON.
thera : Ella E. (wife of Hon. Sarauel W.
McCaU of Winchester, Mass.), and Hattie
W. (Mrs. Charles S. LeBourveau, Jr., of
Lyndonville). Mr. Thompson died at Frankfort, Mich.,
Oct. 24, 1889.
He was an exceUent example of a self-
made man, and though deprived of a colleg
iate education, he early learned its value
and took great pleasure in aiding young men
without raeans in the pursuit of their studies,
and also in donating large sums of money to
institutions of learning. Unlike many raen
who have been forced to make their own way
in the world, he was very generous and char

itable, never neglecting any appeal for
assistance which came frora a worthy per
son. His benefactions were ever unobtrus
ively offered and quietly bestowed without
ostentatious display.
TIFFANY, Eli, of Bennington, son of
John and Ehzabeth (Marsden) Tiffany, was
born in Horbury, in the West Riding of
Yorkshire, England, Nov. 9, 1830.
He attended such schools as were provided
at that tirae for factory operatives till he was
fourteen years old. He then worked in
woolen raiUs tiU the spring of 1851, when he
eraigrated to this country, making his abode
at Waterbury, Conn., to operate new machin
ery for the Waterbury Knitting Co. In
1856 he removed to Meriden, Conn., where
he reraained two years eraployed in a similar
capacity by the firra of PoweU & Parker. He
next visited Glastonbury, Conn., where he
invented an automatic rib knitting machine
for which he received a patent May i, i860.
In 1858, previous to the issuing of the above
patents, he moved to Thompsonville, Conn.,
and there connected hiraseU with George
Cooper in the raanufacturing of the above
raentioned raachinery, then in 1866 he re
moved to Cohoes, N. Y'., and formed a co
partnership under the titie of ^^^iUiam Wood
& Co., for the purpose of producing knit cuff
and drawer bottoms for the knitting mUls in
general. Finally in 1870 he removed to
Bennington, where the firra of Tiffany &
Cooper was forraed for the purpose of
building rib knitting machinery, and an ex
tensive business in this Une was bulk up.
In 1874 his original patents were extended
and in 1880 he started a new indushy
with his brothers, which was independent
from the firra of Tiffany & Cooper, the arti
cles produced by the concern of Tiffany
Bros, being knit underwear, the quaUty^ of
which has built thera up a very fiourishing
and prosperous business. During the eariy
part of 1886 the firm of Tiffany & Cooper
was dissolved. Mr. Tiffany purchasing the
interest of his partner for whom he substi
tuted his son Frank M., and continued the bus
iness under the firm of E. Tiffany & Son
until 1890, when Louis L. was admitted to
the firm making it E. Tiffany & Sons, which
are now conducting a very large and pros
perous business in the line of rib knitting
raachinery, and have not only thoroughly in
troduced these machines in the United States
and Canada, but have also sent several to
South America within the past few months.
Mr. Tiffany possesses a special talent for
the invention of knitting machines, no less
than fifteen different patents having been
issued to him for different devices in this
article. During the last year he has made
some of the most valuable and important im-

TIFFANY.

399

provements, especially in circular raachines,
for which applications for patents are now
pending. In 1888 he purchased an interest in the
Colurabian Navigation and Coramercial Co.,
of which he is vice-president, and which is
conducting a very successful business in
trading, carrying freight and passengers
along the coast and up the rivers of the
United States of Colombia, S. A.
He is a public-spirited man, always giv
ing liberally to any cause which he con
siders worthy, and which will tend to help
his fellowmen ; this has secured for hira the
respect of the coraraunity in which he lives.

ELI TIFFANY.

Sorae twenty years ago Mr. Tittan) /isited
his old horae in England, spending several
months roaming about the country in which
he spent his boyhood days, visiting his old
friends and enjoying himseh in general.
Then during the suramer of 1893 he made
quite an extended trip, visiting his old
home once raore, then saihng via the West
India Islands, visiting Carthagena of the
United States of Colombia, where his busi
ness called hira, and returning once raore to
his adopted and beloved home in America.
He was united in raarriage, August, 1863,
to Phoebe E., daughter of Jaraes and Ann
(Glover) Cooper, of ThorapsonviUe, Conn.,
who died April 29, 1893, leaving three chib
dren : Frank M., Louis L., and WiUiara J.
Though holding to the principles of the
Repubhcan party, Mr. Tiffany has never

sought political preferraent. For the past
ten years he has been a trustee of the Ben
nington graded school.
TINKER, Charles Francis Orsamus,
of St. Johnsbury, son of Francis and R.
EUzabeth (Hutchinson) Tinker, was born
in Ashby, Mass., June 23, 1849.
The days of his schoohng were spent in
Leorainister, Mass., and at the age of seven
teen he reraoved with his parents to South
Dedham, now Norwood, in that state. He
entered the drug store of his father where he
reraained until 1870 when he becarae a stu
dent in the raedical department of Harvard
University, completing the course in 1873.
Intending to engage in the practice of dent
istry, he was employed in the office of E. D.
Gaylord, Boston, for two years, then after a
short interval in Norwood, he took up his
residence in Johnstown, N. Y., where he
practiced his profession for four years. While
in that place he becarae a raeraber of the
Fourth District Dental Society of New York.
Returning to his native state he still pursued

CHARLES FRANCIS ORSAMUS TINKER.
the practice of his profession in Boston and
Norwood, but in 1885 came to Verraont and
settled in St. Johnsbury where he stiU re
raains. During his residence in this state he
has been raade a meraber of the Vermont
State Dental Society.
In pohtical faith he is a Repubhcan. He
joined Apollo Lodge, No. 2, Knights of
Pythias, as a charter member. In this or
ganization he has been actively interested

400

TlTUS.

TOLMAN.

and exceedingly prominent, having been
elected to the positions of Prelate, Chancel
lor, Commander, and Sir Knight Captain.
This last ofifice he resigned in order to accept
the position of colonel and aid-de-camp on
the personal staff of Gen. James R. Caran-
hara, who commands the uniformed ranks of
the Knights of Pythias of the world. When
the Grand Lodge of K. of P. was embodied,
in i88g, he served two successive terms as
Grand Chancellor of the state, at the expir
ation of which he was chosen Supreme Rep
resentative to the Suprerae Lodge for four
years. Mr. Tinker is afifiliated with the North
Congregational Church of St. Johnsbury,
and a raember of the Mystic Club of that
place. He was united in marriage, July 14, 1870,
to Ann Ehza, daughter of Albert and Martha
W. (Swain) Wellington, of Ashby, Mass.
This union has been blessed with three chil
dren : Orra Gertrude (deceased at the age
of seven), WelUngton Hutchinson, and
Earnest Francis.
TITUS, Edward, of WUraington, son of
Alonzo and Mary (MiUer) Titus, was born
in WUraington, Oct. 25, 1833, and he has
always resided in his native town.

EDWARD TITUS.
He received his early education in the
public schools and completed a regular
course of study at the Wilmington high
school. He taught a number of terras with
raarked success.

Mr. Titus married Carrie Bills, adopted
daughter of David and Harriet (Palmeter)
BiUs, May i, 1859. Of this union therewas
one child : Frank Edward, born Sept. 4,
1864, who for a nuraber of years has carried
on a successful business in Brooklyn, N. Y.
Soon after raarriage Mr. Titus engaged in
the manufacture of various articles of wooden
ware, which occupation he successfully fol
lowed for over twenty-five years. Since 1869
he has been justice of the peace and for the
greater part of this tirae the principal trial
justice. Many iraportant and difficult cases
have been heard before hira, but his decis
ions have invariably been fair and correct,
being rendered in strict accord with the law
as understood and with the facts of the case.
In addition he has held nearly every town
ofifice in the gift of his townsmen, discharg
ing the duties thereof with scrupulous fidel
ity. In December, 1891, he was elected
meraber of the board of trustees of the WU
raington Savings Bank and constitutes a
raeraber of the finance coraraittee. Recog
nizing his competency and superior abiHty
in the consideration of legal questions and
his integrity of character as a man, he was
elected assistant judge of the Windham
county court in 1892, the duties of which
honorable position he discharges with credit
to hiraself and to the perfect satisfaction of
the pubhc.
Mr. Titus is a true and loyal Vermonter,
a self-raade raan, an upright, active and en
terprising citizen. He has ever been iden
tified with public iraproveraents and enter
prises and deservedly enjoys the respect and
esteera of all who know hira.
TOLMAN, Henry Stanley, of Greens
boro, son of Enoch and AbigaU (Cook)
Tolraan, was born at Greensboro, Sept. i,
1825. His grandfather (Thoraas Tolman),
an ofificer in the Revolutionary army, was
one of the early settlers of that town, and
was appointed first town clerk and assistant
secretary of state.
Mr. Henry Tolraan was a pupU of the
public schools of Greensboro and Peacham
Acaderay. At his father's death, which oc
curred just before the son arrived at major
ity, he took charge of the homestead, to the
care of which in addition to several other
farms he has devoted the efforts of his hfe,
making a specialty of dairy products and
raising horses and sheep. He has ahalf in
terest in the luraber firra of Tolman, Simp
son & Co., has been a director and stock
holder in the St. Johnsbury & Lake Cham
plain R. R., and president of the Caledonia
National Bank at Danville.
He has served on the town and county
Republican coraraittee, was for twenty years
selectraan, and held nuraerous other ofificial

TOWLE.

TRUAX.

401

position in the town which he represented
for three terms in the state Legislature in
1866, 1867 and 1888 ; he was elected senator
from Orleans county in 1874, and during the
war discharged the duties of recruiting ofifi
cer, also drawing the money due to soldiers'
wives. For forty years he has been a consistent
meraber of the Congregational church, serv
ing on the executive coramittee.
Mr. Tolraan married Martha A., daughter
of J. C. and Clara (Livermore) Jackson of
Greensboro, who died May 11, 1862, leav
ing one son : Alpha E. He was married a
second tirae to Fannie P. Waterman Eaton,
daughter of Arunah and Mehittible (Dodge)
Waterman, who departed this life March 5,
1890. By his second wife Mr. Tolman had
one daughter : Martha A.
TOWLE, Edwin RUTHVEN, of Franklin,
son of Jonathan and Lorena (Daines) Towle,
was born in Franklin, August i, 1833. His
grandfather, Reuben, after honorable service
in the war of the Revolution, came to this
part of the state, accompanied by his son,
frora New Hampshire, when Franklin county
was as yet comparatively a wilderness, and
here engaged in the occupation of a farraer.

EDWIN RUTHVEN TOWLE.
The education of Edwin R. was obtained
in the district schools, and he was a student
at the Franklin Acaderay when that institu
tion was under the charge of Hon. RosweU
Farnham, afterwards Governor of the state.
Although anxious for greater educational

advantages, as an only son Mr. Towle felt it
his duty to reraain at home and follow the
occupation of his father. He did not, never
theless, neglect any opportunity for self-
iraproveraent, but devoted all his leisure
time to profitable reading and also gave
much attention to the art of composition.
This probably caused him in early life to
resolve to becorae a journalist. In 1870 he
found opportunity to exercise his talents as
the agricultural editor of the St. Albans
Messenger. This he stUl reraains, laboring
to the best of his ability to render his efforts
successful in the occupation to which he has
devoted so large a portion of his life.
February 14, 1856, he was wedded to
Caroline E., daughter of Jacob and Mary
(Kirby) Truax. Frora this union have been
born two sons : Herraan E., and Edwin J.
In 1 88 1 he received the honor of an ap
pointment to the State Board of Agriculture
at the hands of Governor Farnham, the
duties of which position he discharged raost
satisfactorily for a period of five years. In
addition to the usual work of a member of
this body he prepared reports of the meet
ings for the use of the press and of the
board. Many years ago he wrote a histori
cal sketch of the town of Franklin for Miss
Hemenway's Gazetteer of Vermont, and a
similar paper for the History of Franklin
County, pubUshed in 189 1. In 1892 hewas
the editor of a genealogy of his faraily, a
work which required rauch tirae and labor.
While in no sense a politician, he has always
been a thorough believer in the principles of
the Republican party. He has held several
positions of trust in the town and also in the
Methodist church, of which he has been a
faithful and active member for nearly half a
century. TRUAX, Albert B., of Montpelier, son
of George and Elizabeth (Briggs) Truax,
was born in Swanton, Feb. 28, 1835.
His education was hmited to the district
school, followed by a course of study at
Swanton Acaderay, but by industrious appli
cation he has taken araple advantage of his
opportunities and has arrived at a high
degree of scholarship.
His father was a blacksraith and he was
early initiated into this trade. Albert B., at
seventeen, becarae a member of the M. E.
Church under the ministrations of the Rev.
Orrin Gregg, of the Troy Conference. For
a year he labored as the leader of a young
people's class, and soon after was caUed to
preach. He was first licensed to exhort and
then perraitted to act as a local preacher,
which privUege was granted untU he entered
the traveUing connection. He served under
Presiding Elder Morris as junior preacher
in the Carabridge circuit. He joined the

402

TRUAX.

Troy Conference in the spring of 1858, and
two years later was ordained deacon by
Bishop Osraon C. Baker, when by a change
of boundaries he becarae a member of the
Verraont Conference, in which he was or
dained elder by Bishop Baker in 1862. He
looks back with grateful reraembrance upon
thirty-five years of effective service in the
church, having never enjoyed a vacation of
raore than two weeks at any tirae, and losing
only five Sabbaths frora illness. Serving his
fifth year as presiding elder, he has not failed
thus far to raeet every appointraent. The
following charges have been entrusted to his
care : those of Winooski, Johnson, Under
hiU, Bakersfield, Alburgh, West Berkshire,

A., Ada E. (deceased), Josephine E., Car
lotta May, and Albert W.
TRULL, Daniel N.,late of Lyndon, son
of Joel and Cynthia N. Trull, was born in
Burke, June 12, 1835.
In 1847 the faraily reraoved to Lyndon,
where he was educated at the academy of
that place till 1852, when he coraraenced the
study of medicine with Dr. Selira NeweU.
After the usual course of lectures in Wood
stock and Hanover, he graduated at the
Dartraouth Medical College in 1855. He
then commenced the practice of medicine in
company with Doctor Newell in St. Johns
bury, but owing to too close application to
business his health failed, and he was com
pelled to discontinue his chosen profession
after two years.
On the 1 6th of Deceraber, i860, he was
married to Cornelia C, daughter of Hon.
S. B. Mattocks, and they spent the winter in
Virginia for the benefit of the doctor's
health. In the spring of 186 1 they returned
to Lyndon, where the doctor accepted the
position of recruiting ofificer, in raising men
for the army.

ALBERT B. TRUAX.
Waterbury, Northfield, Bradford, Brattleboro
and BeUows Falls. Having completed a
successful six years' term as presiding elder
of Montpelier district, he was, in the spring of
1893, appointed pastor at Enosburg FaUs.
While stationed at Bradford he served as
town superintendent of schools. He has
lectured in the state for the past twenty
years, particularly on the subject of temper
ance, and has delivered many meraorial
addresses on Decoration Day. Mr. Truax
was formerly a raeraber of the Grand Lodge
of Good Teraplars of the state, in which
body he served two years as grand chaplain.
He was married, Feb. 6, 1 860, at Winooski,
to Sarah D., daughter of Theron and Joseph
ine R. (Kingsbury) Winslow. Their union
has been blessed with five children : Wilbur

DANIEL N. TRULL.

From 1864 to 1869 he was engaged in the
carriage business. Upon leaving this busi
ness he made several changes of residence,
spending another winter in the South hoping
to regain his health.
Becoraing interested in banking, he was a
director of the Lyndon Bank for eight years,

TRUSSELL.

TUCKER.

403

and served several terras as its president. In
1890 he removed to St. Johnsbury, where he
resided tiU a few raonths before his death,
which occured Dec. 31, 1892.
Doctor Trull was a well-read physician,
and had health permitted, would have be
come eminent in his profession. As a busi
ness man he was sagacious, far-seeing, cau
tious, and prudent ; as a counselor, no man
was raore frequently consulted by neighbors,
to whora he ever gave intelligent considera
tion, helpful suggestions, and useful advice.
He was quick to respond to appeals for
charity, and always ready to assist the de
serving poor.
TRUSSELL, Jacob, of East Peachara,
son of Joshua and Electa (Curtis) Trussell,
was born in Sutton, Sept. 20, 1833.
His education was obtained in the schools
of Danville, supplemented by instruction at
Phillips and Caledonia County acaderaies.
After sorae experience in the profession of
teaching, he studied law with Mordecai Hale
and Edward Harvey of Mclndoes, and for a
short tirae was under the care of Judge
Jonathan Ross. In i860 he was adraitted
to the Verraont bar and iraraediately began
to practice at Peachara.
'When the civil war commenced Mr. Trus-
seU patriotically enUsted in Co. D, ist Vt.
Cavalry and served mostly with the Array of
the Potoraae, participating in raany batties,
raids and skirmishes. He was severly wounded
in Wilson's raids, June 23, 1864, and was soon
.after discharged as ist lieutenant. When the
ist Regt. was completely routed at Broad
Run, Mosby, the guerrilla, pursued Trussell
eight miles to the picket lines and nearly
succeeded in capturing him, being very de
sirous to obtain possession of the particularly
fine horse which Mr. TrusseU bestrode. After
the close of the war he raade an expedition
to Virginia City, Mont., driving fifteen hun
dred railes across the plains. He then turned
his steps to Sioux City, Iowa, taking charge
•of a gang of men who were completing the
raihoad to Omaha ; he then engaged as con
tractor on the Union Pacific R. R. till it was
completed to Ogden, Utah, when he returned
to Peachara and bought a large farra on
which he remained fourteen years. In 1882
he returned to the practice of law at Dan
viUe and ten years later became engaged in
trade at South Peacham.
A Democrat untU the breaking out of the
war he is now a strong Republican. Repre
sented his town in the Legislature of 1884
where he served on the military committee.
He attends and supports the Congrega
tional church, and is a meraber of Passurap
sic Lodge, F. & A. M., of St. Johnsbury, and
Stevens Post, G. A. R.

Mr. TrusseU was united in wedlock Oct. 4,
1 87 1, to Flora M. Blanchard of Peacham,
who died August 16, 1886, leaving two sons :
Nathaniel B., and WilUam. He married for
his second wife, Nov. 9, 1888, Mrs. Marietta
C. Walbridge, widow of Augustus J. Walbridge.
TUCKER, Melvin Ellis, of Hardwick,
son of Amasa and Diancy (Ellis) Tucker,
was born in Calais, AprU 27, 1849.
He availed hiraself of the educational ad
vantages offered by the schools of Calais and
Hardwick, followed by one term at the Ver
raont Methodist Seminary at Montpelier.
As his mother died when he was a mere lad,
he was entrusted to the care of Stephen M.
Richardson of Hardwick, with whom he re
mained till he was eighteen and after this
period he was wholly dependent on his own

MELVIN ELLIS TUCKER.

resources. He first served an apprentice
ship at the trade of a carpenter and raiU
wright, but in 1873 comraenced as a dealer
in luraber at Eden Mills. Two years later
he reraoved to Hardwick, where he operated
a saw mill in connection with a farm. Mr.
Tucker has been interested in seven miUs
devoted to the manufacture of luraber and
has a financial interest in several others.
He is now busily engaged in the manufact
ure of lumber frora lands he owns in Eden
and Lowell. His remarkable success is due
to his untiring industry and energetic spirit,
for he has had to rely on his own unaided

404

TUTTLE.

efforts without the assistance of friends or
capital. He was married, Nov. 12, 1870, to Lizzie
L., daughter of Marvin and Sally Smith of
Calais. They have had six children : Mary
D. (Mrs. W. S. Bunker of Hardwick), Alice
B., lona R., Vena E., Florence S. (died in
infancy), and Earl Bartlett.
Mr. Tucker has been too busy a raan to
take rauch active interest in political move
raents, but has been called to the ofifices of
selectraan and assistant judge of Caledonia
county, the duties of which he carefully and
conscientiously discharged. In i8go he
represented the town of Hardwick in the
Legislature, where the course he pursued
was satisfactory to his Republican constit
uents. Judge Tucker has taken the obligations
both of Odd FeUowship and Free Masonry,
is treasurer of Caspian Lake Lodge, No.
87, of the latter body, and a raeraber of
LaraoUle Lodge, No. 21, I. O. O. F. He is
a Methodist in his rehgious preferences.
TURNER, Edwin R., of North Con
cord, son of Henry and Charity (Washburn)
Turner, was born in Concord, July 22, 1826.
His father carae to Concord in 1810 and
settled on the farra where his son was born.
Here he remained for sixty years, dying at
the age of eighty-nine.
Edwin received his education in the pub
hc schools of his native place and then set
tled on the homestead, where he remained
till he was forty-two, caring for his aged
parents tiU their death. He then removed to
Waterford, where he resided for two years,
but at the end of that tirae returned to
North Concord, where he purchased a fine
raeadow farra, which he has operated with
great success, carrying an exceUent stock of
cattie, and enjoying the reputation of being
one of the best farra raanagers in his county.
By his inteUigent assiduity he has araassed a
handsorae corapetence, and is a fine speci-
raen of the sturdy New England yeoman.
A Repubhcan in his pohtical creed, he
has held many important town ofifices, and
has served two terms, frora 1884 to 1888, as
assistant judge of Essex county court, and
has been county road coraraissioner four
years, frora 1888 to 1892.
Judge Turner is regarded as a prudent,
careful and judicious adviser in all raatters
relating to finance and the affairs of the
town. E. R. Turner was united in raarriage at
Concord, Dec. 3, 1852, to Jane, daughter of
FareweU and Mary (Nichols) Hutchinson
of Waterford. Three children have blessed
their union : Frank H., Irvin, and Ina D.

TUTTLE, Albert Henry, of Rutland,
son of George A. and Susan J. (Cutter)
Tuttle, was born in Granville, N. Y., May
25, 1838.
He is a direct descendant of WilUam
Tuttle, who carae from England to Boston
in 1635, soon after becoming a prominent
settler of New Haven, Conn.
The education of Mr. Tuttle was received
in the public and high schools of Rutland,
and in 1854 he began the business of life as
a clerk in the service of his father, who was
the owner and proprietor of the Rutiand
Herald. Here he reraained till he received

ALBERT HENRY TUTTLE.
an appointraent from President Abraham
Lincoln in the New York naval office' in
1 86 1, where he fiUed various responsible
positions untU he resigned in 1864 on ac
count of his father's ill-health.
On his return to Rutland he became one
of the proprietors of the Herald, taking
active control of the paper, in connection
with which were operated a book store, and
a book-publishing, binding and job printing
estabhshment for the next ten years. In
1873 he abandoned these employments and
took sole charge of the daily and weekly
Herald. He was appointed postmaster by Presi
dent Grant in 1874, and reappointed 1878,
and was continued in ofifice by President
/Arthur, but was suspended in 1885, one
year before his coraraission expired, by Presi
dent Cleveland to raake way for a Demo-

TYLER.
erat, having been the longest incumbent of
any postmaster in Rutiand.
Mr. Tuttle possesses an unusual degree
of executive ability, and always familiarizes
hiraself thoroughly with every detail of any
business which he undertakes. In 1887 he
sold the Herald to Mr. P. W. Cleraent, but
for several years reraained its business raan
ager. Subsequently, in company with his
son, he purchased the Bates House, a prom
inent hotel in the city, which he stiU retains.
He was largely infiuential in the construc
tion of the Rutland Street Railway, and for
several years was its treasurer. He has been
president of the village of Rutiand, was
a member of the board of village trustees
at the tirae of his appointraent as post
master, compelUng his resignation as trustee ;
has been a director of the Clement Bank,
and a member and clerk of the village
school board.
He was married in October, 1858, to
Emma M., daughter of David G. and Eme
hne S. (Cluff) McClure, of Rutland. Two
children have blessed their union : Cora A.
(Mrs. Frank A. Barnaby of Brooklyn, de
ceased Feb. I, 1889), and George D. (de
ceased) .
Mr. Tuttle belongs to aU the Masonic
orders, having taken every degree from
entered-apprentice to the thirty-second inclu
sive ; is treasurer of the Rutiand Royal
Arcanum Council ; treasurer of Protection
Lodge, Knights of Honor ; treasurer of the
Royal Society of Good Fellows, and a mem
ber of the Mystic Shrine. He belongs to the
Rutland Congregational Church. He has
been much interested in the Vermont Press
Association, having served as president and
chairman of the executive coraraittee. He
has ever been an enthusiastic worker in the
Republican party, giving his services to the
town or county coraraittee ever since his re
turn frora New York to the present tirae.
For fifteen years he has been a raember of
the First district Repubhcan coramittee in
which he has fiUed the ofifice of secretary,
treasurer and chairman.
TYLER, ERASTUS, of Vernon, son of
Erastus and Harriet (Johnson) Tyler, was
born in Windham, July 4, 1832.
Mr. Tyler's educational advantages were
hmited to the pubhc schools, and he has
always followed the occupation of a farraer
in his native town.
He is a strong Repubhcan in his political
preference and has held several iraportant
ofificial positions, having been elected chair
man of the board of selectmen for the years
1880, 1881, and 1882. In 1886 he was
called upon to represent the town in the
Legislature, and for the last four years has

TYLER.

405

discharged the duties of a raember of the
board of hsters.
He was united in raarriage at Brattleboro,
Nov. 10, 1858, to Martha A., daughter of
Edward A. and Juha (Butterfield) Graves.
Their union has been blessed with nine
children : Anna R., George E., Charies H.,
Juha H., Edward A. (now proprietor of the
Brooks House at Brattieboro), Bert L., WiU
iam J., F. LesUe, and John C.
TYLER, James M., of Brattleboro, son
of Ephraira and Mary (BisseU) Tyler, was
born in Wilmington, April 27, 1835.
He received his education in the district
schools of Guilford, to which town his
parents moved in 1840, and at Brattleboro
Acaderay ; studied law, and was admitted to
the Windham county bar at the September
term, i860. He then returned to 'VVilming-
ton and began the practice of his profession
in partnership with Gen. S. P. Flagg, which
connection continued until Deceraber, 1864,
when he reraoved to Brattleboro, forraing a
partnership with the late Hon. C. K. Field,
which terrainated with the latter's death in
1880. In i863-'64 and at the special session of
1865 Mr. Tyler represented the town of
Wilmington in the General Assembly and in
i867-'68 was state's attorney for Windham
county. He represented the Second District
of Vermont in the sessions of the Forty-
sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses, where
he served on several iraportant committees.
His most notable speeches were delivered
upon bills relative to the apportionraent of
representatives in Congress, internal reve
nue, the tariff, education in the South, and
Chinese immigration.
In 1887 he was chosen chairman of the
board of coraraissioners to revise the school
laws of the state, but resigned to accept
frora Governor Orrasbee the appointment of
judge of the Supreme Court, which position
he still holds by successive elections by the
Legislature. Judge Tyler has been proraoted frora time
to tirae until he is now third assistant judge.
His work upon the bench has fully demon
strated his exceUent quaUfications for this
high and honorable position.
He was married Dec. 11, 1861, to EUen
E., daughter of WilUam F. and Sophia
(Plummer) Richardson, who died Jan. i,
1871. He was again married, Sept. i, 1875,
to Jane P., daughter of Soloraon P. and
Sarah E. (Appleton) Miles, of which union
there was one son : Appleton, who died in
infancy. Judge Tyler was for raany years vice-presi
dent and trustee of the Verraont Savings
Bank of Brattleboro, but resigned when he
received his appointraent to the bench. He

4o6

TYLER.

has been a trustee of the Vermont Retreat
for the Insane since 1875, and for several
years a member of the board of trustees of
the Brooks Library.
In pohtics he has always been a Repubh
can ; in religion he is a Congregationahst.
TYLER, ROYALL, of Brattieboro, son of
Chief-Justice Royall and Mary (Palmer)
Tyler, was born in Brattieboro, April 19,
1812.

'§«!-,

/

ROYALL TYLER.

He was fitted for college at Phillips
Academy, Exeter, and entered Harvard as
a sophomore in 1831. He graduated in

VALENTINE.
1834, and immediately begaii the study of
law in the office of Charles C. Loring, a very
prominent lawyer on Court street, Boston.
Mr. Tyler was admitted to the bar in 1837,.
and in the foUowing spring returned to Brat
tleboro. He was admitted to the bar of
Windham county on a certificate from the
Massachusetts courts in 1840. Within a
year afterwards he entered the ofifice of Asa.
Keyes, the firm being known as Keyes &
Tyler. Shortly after this, Mr. Tyler went to
Newfane to attend to the business of Charles
K. Field during his absence in the West.
On the latter's return a year later, Mr. Tyler
resumed his practice in Brattleboro. In the
meantime he had been elected state's attor
ney, a position which he ably fiUed for two
years, though he stUl devoted himself to his
private practice. In 1846, having then
served as register for the two previous years,
he was appointed judge of the probate
court for the district of Marlboro. He was
elected county clerk in 185 1, when he dis
continued his practice of the law. The
oflfice of county clerk since 185 1, and that
of judge of probate since 1846, Judge Tyler
has conscientiously and ably fiUed to the
present time. He has also represented his
town in the Legislature. He has, whUe
clerk, regularly attended every session of the
county and supreme courts in Windham
county since 1851.
In 1 84 1 he married Laura B., daughter of
Asa and Sarah B. Keyes, and they have had
three children, one of whom died in infancy.
The elder daughter (Mrs. Allan D. Brown)
died 1877, while the younger is Mrs. G. W.
Piatt, of Great Barrington, Mass.
Judge Tyler is a gentleraan of the old
school, and if there are any gentiemen of a
school better than the old school, he is one
of them.
Judge Tyler is a prorainent raember of
St. Michael's Episcopal Church.

VALENTINE, A. B., of Bennington,
son of Joel and Judith (WeUs) Valentine,
was born in Bennington, April i, 1830. He
is descended frora Richard Valentine, who
was one of the original proprietors of Herap-
stead, L. I., where he settled in 1647.
The educational training of Mr. 'Valentine
was received in the Bennington coraraon
schools. Union Acaderay and at Suffield,
Conn. When he had arrived at raan's estate
he coraraenced business' with his father
under the firra narae of Joel Valentine &
Son, but later attracted by the gold fields of
California, he eraigrated, in 1852, to the
Pacific coast where for two years he was
engaged in mining and trade. Then he re

turned to Bennington where he established
a grist-mill in the buUding formeriy occupied
by his father.
In 1856 he was united to Alma L., daugh
ter of Luther W. and Cynthia (Pratt) Park.
Five children are issue of this marriage:
May (Mrs. A. B. Perkins of Bennington,.
deceased). Park (deceased), Jennie A.,.
Wells v., and Lilian.
July 31, 1862, Mr. Valentine received a.
comraission as lieutenant and quartermas
ter of the loth Regt. Vt. Vols., and two
years later he was proraoted to the rank of
captain and commissary of subsistence and
was assigned to duty in the old ist Vermont
Brigade. He also received a commission.

4o8

VALENTINE.

VEAZEY.

as brevet-major given for meritorious ser
vices. On leaving the service of his country
Major Valentine returned to his native town
where he purchased his father's property
and converted it into a knitting raill. This
enterprise raet with success and though the
raill was destroyed by fire, it was soon re
built, and the business reorganized and in
corporated under the narae of the Valentine
Knitting Co.
He was actively engaged in the establish
raent of the graded schools in Bennington
viUage and in the erection of the fine school
buUding of which Bennington is so justly
proud. He took a prorainent part in the
celebration of the centennial anniversary of
the battle of Bennington, being chief raar
shal on that occasion, and was actively in
terested in the Bennington Battle Monu
raent Association and in the construction of
the raonuraent itselt It was largely through
his efforts that the Soldiers' Horae was
established in Bennington, and in G. A. R.
circles he is well known, having been depart
ment commander of that organization for
two years (in 1882 and 1883).
Though pohtics as such possessed no great
teraptation for Major Valentine, in 1886 he
was prevailed upon to represent his county
as one its state senators. In the session of
that year he was identified with many im
portant raeasures in connection with the
Soldiers' Home and the amendment of the
laws relating to the National Guard of Ver
raont, which latter legislation resulted in
great benefit to that body. As he had been
especially active in educational legislation,
he was appointed by Governor Orrasbee one
of the committee of three to select text
books to be used in the schools of the state
and to contract for the purchase of the same.
Subsequently he was selected by Governor
DUlinghara to fill the position of commis
sioner of agriculture and manufacturing in
terests of the state. Major Valentine was a
member of the Repubhcan national conven
tion in 1884, was one of the original incor
porators and directors of the Bennington
County Savings Bank and is now president
of that institution. He was for many years
president of the board of trustees of the
Bennington graded schools, and was a char
ter member of the Verraont Commandery of
the Loyal Legion. He is now (1894) presi
dent of the Verraont Ofificers Reunion So
ciety. His knit goods manufactory is the
largest in the state, and its reputation is
second to none in the country.
In his reUgious belief he is an agnostic,
though he attends and supports the Congre
gational church, contributing liberally to
religious and charitable enterprises. Major
Valentine has traveled much, is Uberal in his

ideas, proud of his village, and above all
things desirous of its prosperity, being ever
ready to unite with his neighbors in adding
his influence to any scheme which tends to
the iraproveraent of his native town.
VEAZEY, WHEELOCK Graves, of Rut
land, son of Jonathan and Annie (Stevens)
Veazey, was born in Brentwood, N. H., Dec.
5, 1835. Brentwood was the horae of his
ancestors back through raany generations.
He received his early scholastic education
at PhiUips (Exeter) Acaderay, matriculated
at Dartmouth College and graduated there
from in the class of 1859. Having selected
the practice of law for the future labor of his
life he studied in law ofifices and in the
law school at Albany, N. Y., and graduated
there in i860. He began practice in Spring
field in November, i860, and was admitted
to the Vermont bar at the next December
term of the Windsor county court.
Mr. Veazey was actuated by clear convic
tion of duty and animated by patriotic en
thusiasm when he enhsted as a private in
Co. A of the 3d Regt. Vt. Vols. When the
company was organized in the month of
May, 1 86 1, he was elected to the captaincy,
and in the following August received promo
tion to the ranks of major and Ueutenant-
colonel, and continued to hold the latter
rank until sent horae to bring out a new
regiraent in the fall of 1862. On the 27th
of Septeraber, 1862, he was elected colonel
of the 1 6th Regt Vt Vols. With this gab
lant body of raen he continued to serve untU
August 10, 1863, when, with his regiment at
the expiration of its terra, he was mustered
out of the service of the United States.
General Hancock then assured him a briga-
diership if he returned to the service, but his
health would not permit. During his mili
tary experience Colonel Veazey took part in
raany of the battles of the Army of the
Potomac. For some time he was a member
of the staff of Gen. W. F. (Baldy) Smith, and
on several occasions was placed in command
of other regiments besides his own. In the
seven days' batties before Richmond, in
1862, he was a participant, commanding
either his own regiraent or some other to
which he was temporarily detailed. At Get
tysburg the 1 6th Vt. formed a part of the
third division of the First Army Corps under
General Doubleday, and actively shared in
the sanguinary encounters of the three days
of the greatest battle of the war. In the
battie of the second day, near its close, his
regiraent was in the fight between the corps
of General Sickles and the rebel forces un
der General Longstreet.
That evening Colonel Veazey was ordered
to take his regiraent and others and estabHsh
a picket hne along that portion of the field

410

where the battle of the second day had been
fought. The position of the Sixteenth in
that Une was along that part where Long-
street's corps raade the faraous charge of the
third day. This is popularly known as Pick
ett's charge. Veazey's regiraent was, there
fore, in the pathway of Pickett's division,
and not having been relieved on the morn
ing of the third, on account of the difificulty
of doing it, owing to the severity of the skir
mishing on the picket line during the morn
ing, was the first to be struck by the charg
ing column. Under Veazey's order tbe men
resisted the rebel skirmishers, but when their
raain hnes approached, Veazey, instead of
faUing back through the Union Unes, moved
his men to the left just far enough to uncover
the rebel front, and thereby had them in
position to attack their flank as the column
passed hira. About that tirae General Han
cock, then coramanding aU that portion of
the Union lines, dashed down to the danger
point where Pickett's charge was aimed, and
was there wounded and bleeding on the
field as Veazey moved his regiment back
and to right to take position on the left of
the Thirteenth Vermont in the deadly as
sault made by these regiraents, which crushed
Pickett's right flank. In this raovement
Veazey passed where Hancock was bleeding
and refusing to be taken from the field. The
latter watching and appreciating the raove
ment, said to Veazey : "That's right. Colo
nel, go in and give 'era heU on the flank."
Veazey's next move was to get his men into
line, as they were scattered over the field
gathering in prisoners, and again change
front to the left and charge the flank of
Perry's and Wilcox's approaching brigades,
which he crushed, capturing many hundred
prisoners and two stands of colors. This
was the substantial close of the battle of
Gettysburg. This young officer's feats in
the battle gave hira a national reputation,
and secured hira a medal of honor, under a
resolution of Congress, having upon it an
inscription as follows : "The Congress to
Col. Wheelock G. Veazey, i6th Vt. Vols.
For Distinguished GaUantry at the Battle of
Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863."
Colonel Veazey returned to Verraont in
1863, and, as soon as health badly shattered
in the service would permit, resumed the
practice of his profession at Rutiand, and
continued in practice until October, 1879.
From 1864 to 1873, by virtue of eight con
secutive elections, he served as reporter of
the Suprerae Court, and in this capacity pre
pared nine voluraes of the Vermont Reports.
In 1872 and 1873, he represented the citi
zens of Rutiand county in the state Senate,
and officiated in that body as chairraan of
the coraraitee on raihtary affairs and also in
the coraraittee on the judiciary. In 1874 he

received the appointraent of register in bank
ruptcy, and retained it untU the repeal of
the bankrupt law. In 1878, he and Hon.
C. W. WiUard were appointed commission
ers by Governor Proctor to revise the laws of
the state. The revision was duly made, re
ported, adopted by the Legislature in 1880,
and is now in force as the revised laws of
Verraont. In the same connection Judge
Veazey also made a searching investigation
and report to the Legislature upon the sub
ject of court expenses, which resulted in a
reduction of the sarae to a very large amount.
The elevation of a lawyer so competent
and judicious to the bench was simply a
question of time. It carae in 1879 by his
appointraent as judge of the Supreme Court
to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation
of Judge Dunton. Beginning with 1880,
and including 1888, Judge "Veazey was at
each biennial session elected a judge of the
Supreme Court. This position he resigned
in 1889 to accept an appointment as a
meraber of the interstate comraerce commis
sion, the duties of which iraportant place he
continues to perforra.
In the educational, financial and cor
porate institutions of the state. Judge Veazey
was naturally deeply interested. He was
one of the trustees of Dartraouth college
frora 1879 and until his resignation in 1891 ;
he has also been trustee or director of other
educational as well as industrial institutions
in and out of the state. Before going upon
the bench. Colonel Veazey was active in
public and political affairs. He was a
delegate-at-large to the national Republican
convention at Cincinnati, which nominated
Rutherford B. Hayes for President. He has
always taken the greatest interest in his
comrades of the war, and been connected
with thera in their organizations, state and
national. Colonel Veazey was one of the
early department comraanders of the Grand
Army of the Republic in Vermont, and has
been president of the Reunion Society of
Vermont Officers. In 1890 he was elected
commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of
the Republic, a position than which there is
none more honorable in the Union. In all
the high places held by him — in mihtary and
civil hfe — he has kept the respect, won the
admiration and had the affection of his old
comrades, and of his fellow-citizens. He
received the honorable degree of LL. D. from
Dartmouth college in 1887.
He was married on the 22d of June, 1861,
to Julia A., daughter of Hon. Albin and
JuUa A. Beard, at Nashua, N. H. They
have had four children, two of whom are
living. VAIL, HOMER W., of North Pomfret,
son of Joshua and Harriet (Warren) Vail,

VAIL.

411

was born in Pomfret, August 5, 1843. -"^
direct descendant of Lieut. Thomas Vail,
who was an ofificer in the old French and
Indian war, and fought through the bloody
struggles at the capture of Fort Niagara and
in the Montreal campaign.
Homer W. received his education in the
public schools of Pomfret and the select
school. For five years after his majority he
was eraployed in a publishing house in Bos
ton, but was suraraoned horae by the faUing
health of his father, who shortly afterwards
died and left to his care his mother and her
younger chUdren.

HOMER W. VAIL.

of H. and is also aUied with the Masonic fra
ternity as a member of Woodstock Lodge,
No. 31, of Ottaquechee Chapter and a
Knight Teraplar of Vermont Commandery.'' I
He married, March 9, 1880, Sarah A.,
daughter of Jackson and Sarah (Angler) Vail
of Montpelier. Four sons have blessed their
union: Ralph (deceased), Solon J., Henry
G., and Horaer J.
VIALL, George Marcius, of East
Dorset, son of I. G. and Helen A. (Roberts)
ViaU, was born in Dorset, May 5, 1849.
Of mixed English and Scotch descent.
His early educational advantages were the
customary ones given in the public schools,
and he afterward fitted for college at Elrawood
Institute, Lanesborough, Mass. Entering
the classical department of Union Univer
sity, Schenectady, N. Y'., he graduated at the
head ofhis class, in 1874, with the degree of
A. B., receiving the additional honor of A. M.,

Mr. VaU was one of the earliest stock
raisers in the state to give great attention to
the breeding of Jersey cattle. He has made
a specialty of dairy products, and at the Na
tional Food Exposition held in New York in
1892, he obtained the gold medal sweep
stakes for the best butter on exhibition.
After holding most of the minor ofifices in
his native town, he was elected by the Repub
Ucans to represent Pomfret in the Legisla
ture of 1874 and was chosen a senator frora
Windsor county in 1892. He is president
of the Windsor County Agricultural Society
and was appointed a raember of the board
of agriculture by Governor Ormsbee in 1886
and has served continuously in this capacity
ever since. He has held for three years the
position of New England director of the
American Jersey Cattie Club. He has been
associated with the Banner Grange of the P.

GEORGE MARCIUS VIALL.
in 1877. Resolving to devote his life to the
medical profession, he comraenced his stud
ies in the medical department of the same
institution, receiving his diploraa in 1876.
For a short tirae he practiced in Dorset, but
was corapelled by the death of his father and
grandfather to devote hiraself to faraily in
terests. Accordingly, he took the raanage
raent of a large farra on which he has since
resided. In addition he has acted as admin
istrator and assignee in the settleraent of
raany iraportant estates, and has held the

412

VIALL.

VINCENT.

offices of town clerk, treasurer, lister, and
trustee of public money.
Politically, Mr. ViaU is an adherent of the
Democratic party, was elected to the state
Senate from Bennington county in 1882, and
to the House of Representatives frora Dor
set in 1886, serving on several iraportant
coraraittees. He was united in raarriage in February,
1876, to Lucy E., daughter of David E. and
Hannah E. (Curtis) Deming, of Lanesbor
ough, Mass. Of this marriage there are two
children : Lucy Deraing, and Helen Eliza.
Mr. ViaU is a raeraber of the Episcopal
church, but believes that all wiU be rewarded
or punished according to the deeds done in
this life without respect to creed or doctrine.
VIALL, William B., of West Randolph,
son of A. Boynton and Lucy (NewhaU) A'iall,
was born in Dorset, Oct. 19, 1842.

.^'

,,.y'

WILLIAM B. VIALL.

Receiving the custoraary education of the
public schools in 1862 he entered the em
ployraent of the Vermont Central R. R.
Comraencing at the foot of the ladder with
the position of brakeman, he soon displayed
qualities suitable to a higher class of work.
He has served the corporation in various
capacities and is now holding the respon
sible position of adjuster of claims. Though
not a lawyer, he is constantly called upon to
act for the company in cases involving both
business and legal difficulties, and is univer
sally recognized as a man of quick percep
tions, acute judgraent and wide general in

formation, while from his pleasing address he
is deservedly popular. For some years he
held government contracts for the greater
part of the Star route hnes of the Western
states, besides some in New England.
In 1878 he took up his residence in West
Randolph where he served as postmaster
during President Cleveland's first adminis
tration, and in 1892 was the nominee of the
Democratic party forthe office of Lieutenant-
Governor. He was united in wedlock, Jan. 29, 1868,
to Eunice L., daughter of Alden and Clarissa
(Rice) Lamb of GranviUe, and they have
one daughter : Lucy Clarissa.
VINCENT, Walter H., of Orwell, son\
of Horace and CyUnda (Wing) Vincent, was
born in East Montpelier, March 31, 1858.
His great-grandfather, a physician, came from
New Bedford, Mass., when his grandfather
Captain Isaac Vincent was thirteen years old,
to Montpelier, at a time when there was only
one frarae house in what is now MontpeUer
viUage, having an ox team for conveyance.
Coraing to the end of the road it then being
a dense forest, he cleared the timber off and
located his future home and Uved there untU
his death. The farmhouse, over one hundred
years old, is now occupied by Horace Vin
cent. The farm proving to be the best in
that part of the state, where four genera
tions have thus far spent their Uves. It
being the old muster grounds for June
trainings made so much of years ago. There
has been a physician in each generation of
the family of which Walter H. is the present
Mr. W^alter Vincent received a good early
education, graduated frora Goddard Semin
ary in the coUege preparatory course, June,
1880, afterwards entered the raedical depart
raent of the Uni-sersity of Y^erraont. Took
three regular courses of lectures in the Uni
versity Medical CoUege of A^ermont In the
faU of 1883 he removed to New York City,
where he becarae a student at the University
of New York, graduating in 1884. He had
also profited by the instruction of Dr. Charles
M. Chandler, of MontpeUer. For three
raonths he was employed in the nursery and
hospital of New York as assistant house
physician, and then settled in the town of
Orwell, July 28, 1884, where he has estab
lished a profitable practice.
He is an enthusiastic Repubhcan and true
to his party afifihations. Recently appointed
for three years as health ofificer for Orwell,
Whiting and Leicester, he is also one of the
board of school directors of his town.
In 1889 he was appointed delegate from
the Verraont State Medical Society to that of
the state of Rhode Island, and has been the Ad
dison county councilor of the former associa
tion. In 1802 he was honored with the ofifice of

WADLEIGH.

WAITE.

413

vice-president of the State Medical Society,
and was one of two delegates chosen to be pres
ent at the exaraination of the medical students
of the University of Vermont. He is a mem
ber of the Rutland County Medical Society ;
in 1893 he was appointed as a delegate from
the Vermont State Medical Society to the
American Medical Association at Milwaukee.
Dr. Vincent is a prorainent member of the
Masonic order, and is at present worshipful
master of Independence Lodge, No. 10, of

Orwell, and afifiliated with Farmers' Chapter
of Brandon, and is also a Sir Knight of the
Mt. Calvary Commandery of Middlebury.
He is a thoughtful and considerate man
and those who have known hira longest speak
of him most highly as a gentleman and phy
sician, a kind friend and generous neighbor.
He was married at Rutland, Oct. 8, 1890,
to Kate, daughter of A. M. and Harriet
Winchester. One son, Paul Winchester, was
born August 23, 1892.

WAD
Concord,Wadleigh 23, 1829.

LEIGH, Benjamin F., late of
son of Eliphalet and Ruth (Pressey)
, was born in Sutton, N. H., Dec.

BENJAMIN F. WADLEIGH.
He was principally educated in the public
schools of Kirby, to which place his father
had reraoved when the son was a small boy,
and the latter found a good home with Hon.
E. W. Church, of Kirby, upon whose farra
he was employed until he attained the age
of twenty-three years. Forty years ago he
settled in Concord, where he gave his atten
tion to trade and was also the proprietor of
a hotel. He then raade West Concord his
place of residence, where he reraained untd
his death in September, 1891. For a time
he foUowed various occupations, but later
engaged in insurance business, acting as
agent for the Vermont Mutual Fire Insur

ance Co., at the sarae tirae cultivating a
sraall farra near the village. He was well
known and universally popular in the cora
raunity, deservedly possessing the esteem
and confidence of all his acquaintances.
He was raarried at West Concord, Feb. 6,
1859, to Caroline Elvira, daughter of Elmore
and Nancy (Taggard) Chase. Six chUdren
were issue of the raarriage, only three of
whora survive : F. Eugene, Elmore E., and
Marion I.
Mr. Wadleigh was affiliated with Moose
River Lodge, No. 82, F. & A. M., and in
his political creed was a Republican with
independent tendencies. He had been jus
tice of the peace for several years ; and in
1872 was elected town clerk and treasurer,
which position he ably filled until his death.
In 1882 he was elected to the Legislature as
representative from Concord.
WAITE, HORACE, of Hyde Park, son of
Smith H. and Lucinda (Goodenough) Waite,
was born in Fairfield, May i6, 1826.
His education was obtained in the com
raon schools of Sheldon and at Bakersfield
Academy. Left an orphan at the age of
five he found a home with Asa Grant with
whom he remained tUl he arrived at man's
estate and for whora he worked seven years
after attaining his raajority.
In 1854 he invested his carefully saved
earnings in the purchase of a large farra in
Eden, where he resided until 1877 when he
reraoved to Morrisville to secure better edu
cational advantages for his faraily. He has
continued to give rauch attention to his farra,
raaking the dairy its principal feature.
Hewas united in raarriage, Feb. 16, 1853,
to Lovisa J., daughter of Benjamin H. and
Lydia (McAUister) Leach. Four children
are the issue : Sraith B., Abbie L. (deceased),
Eva B. (Mrs. Solon Abbott of Biddeford,
Me.), and Martin P.
Mr. Waite has always been a meraber of
the Republican party, has often been called
to office and when the town of Eden adopted
the town systera of schools under the optional
law, Mr. Waite was elected chairman of the

414

WAKEFIELD.

WALBRIDGE.

board. In 1865 hewas elected to represent
Eden in the General Asserably and served
on the grand list coramittee. He has also
served as county commissioner and was
assistant judge of LamoiUe county frora 1882
to 1886.
Since the death of his wife Judge Waite
has resided with his son, Smith B. Waite, at
Hyde Park. The judge possesses in a rare
degree the confidence of his townsmen and
has been often called upon to act as audi
tor, referee and guardian in the settleraent
of nuraerous estates in his vicinity.
Mr. Waite is an ardent votary of teraper
ance, signing the pledge at eight years of
age and keeping it inviolate.
WAKEFIELD, WILLIAM WALLACE, of
Westfield, son of Alvah and Hannah (Kimp
ton) Wakefield, was born in Orleans county,
June 27, 1844.

WILLIAM WALLACE WAKEFIELD.
He received his early education in the
Lowell public schools, and during his third
terra at Johnson Academy was one of several
students who went to Morrisville and enlisted
in Co. M, nth Vt. Vols., in September, 1863.
He remained with his command to the close
of the war, receiving his discharge in Oc
tober, 1865, was engaged in all the batties
from the Wilderness to Petersburg, includ
ing Spottsylvania, North Anna River, Cold
Harbor, and, with four hundred of his regi
raent, was captured in the engageraent near
the Welden R. R., but with forty of his com

rades he had the good luck to make his
escape the very first night after he was taken
prisoner. After his return to Lowell he engaged in
farming tiU 1875, when he became inter
ested in the luraber business at Eden, where
he reraained two years and then formed a
partnership under the firra narae of Hoyt &
Wakefield, to engage in the same line of
trade at AVestfield. His sterling qualities,
both as a citizen and a business man, have
called him to many official positions, among
which may be enumerated those of select
man, auditor, lister, first constable, and
deputy sheriff, which latter position he holds
to the present time. In 1892 he was elected
high bailiff of Orleans county, and the same
year was sent as town representative from
Westfield to MontpeUer, where he served
creditably on several general and special
coraraittees. Mr. ^Vakefield has for a long tirae been a
meraber of Masonic Union Lodge No. 16,
of Troy, and twelve years since passed
through the Royal Arch. He is connected
with the Baptist church in Lowell, and has
taken a prorainent part in Hazen Post, G.
A. R. He has always been a strong Re
publican, and an active worker in the party.
February 11, 1866, he married Ruth E.,
daughter of Daniel and Amanda Newton of
Lowell. Of their five children four survive :
Erama, Florence, Helen, and Maude.
WALBRIDGE, JOHN HiLL, of West
Concord, son of Henry and Almira (Hill)
Walbridge, was born in Plainfield, June 30,
1847. His mother dying in his earUest infancy,
he was put under the charge of his maternal
grand uncle, Chauncey Hill, an extensive
farmer and highly respected citizen of Con
cord. Henry moved to St. Johns, Mich.,
soon after the death of his wife, estabUshed
hiraself there as a successful lawyer, and
during the civil war served as captain in the
33d Mich. Vol. Infantry.
After having received his early education
at the public schools of Concord and St.
Johnsbury Acaderay, Mr. J. H. Walbridge
graduated frora Lombard University, Gales
burg, 111., in the class of 1870, in which year
he returned to West Concord, and at the
earnest solicitation of his foster parents de
cided to remain with them during the remain
der of their lives. Soon after this time he
raet with severe reverses in business, from
the loss by fire of the Essex woolen mills at
West Concord, and subsequentiy through his
liability as bondsman and by the failure of
debtors. Since these losses he has been
principally engaged in agricultural pursuits,
and is locally weU known as a successful
breeder of sheep, dairy stock and colts.

WALBRIDGE.

WALES.

4^5

He was wedded, April 19, 1872, at West
Concord, to Cynthia H., daughter of Elmore
and Cynthia (HiU) Chase. They have three
children : Henry Chase, Blanche May, and
Winifred. For nearly a quarter of a century Mr. Wal
bridge has been affiliated with Moose River
Lodge, No. 82, F. & A. M., and for three
terms has presided in the East.

JOHN HILL WALBRIDGE.
He has conscientiously and honorably dis
charged the duties of raany ofificial positions,
among which may be numbered supervisor
of schools for Essex county, to which post
he was almost unanimously elected. He has
been appointed county examiner, justice of
the peace, grand juror, and superintendent
of schools. In 1888 he was elected, by the
largest Repubhcan majority ever given in
Concord, a member of the state Legislature,
where he labored actively on the committee
of education, and was recognized as an in
dependent and forcible debater. He drew
and presented a bill reducing the limit of ex
emption from taxation in savings banks, and
also reducing the percentage that those in
stitutions and trust companies could invest
in Western securities, this last measure be
coming a law. He also drafted and pre
sented the bill which became the present
law for the protection of horse owners. Mr.
Walbridge is one of the trustees of the John
son Normal School. He is an interested
student of history and of current political
and economic questions. His hearty good

will to aU, and genial manners, have gained
him a wide circle of friends.
WALES, Torrey ENGLESBY, of Bur
lington, son of Danforth and Lovisa S.
Wales, was born in Westford, June 20, 1820.
He graduated from the U. V. M. in the
class of 1 84 1 ; studied law with Hon. Asahel
Peck of Burhngton, and was admitted to the
bar of Chittenden county in 1846, and soon
after comraenced the practice of law in Bur
lington. In 1857, he formed a law partner
ship with Judge RusseU S. Taft, under the
name of \Vales & Taft, which continued
twenty-one years. In 1882, he and his son,
George W. "Wales, becarae law partners under
the narae of A\'ales & Wales ; this firra was
dissolved by the death of George W. Wales,

TORREY ENGLESBY WALES.

Judge Wales was state's attorney for Chit
tenden county, in i854-'55-'56 ; mayor of
the city of Burlington in i866-'67 ; acting
mayor in 1870, and for several years he was
one of the aldermen of the city. He was a
raeraber of the House of Representatives frora
Burlington, in i868-'69, — iSje-'Tj. In 1862
he was elected judge of probate for the dis
trict of Chittenden and has ever since held
the ofifice by continuous re-elections.
He is one of the original nine incorpora
tors of the Mary Fletcher Hospital, chartered
in 1876, and has been its treasurer frora the
beginning, He is a raeraber of the board of
trustees of the University of Verraont. He
is president of the Burlington Law Library

4i6

WALKER.

Association ; of the Burlington Manufactur
ing Co. ; of the Home for Aged Women, at
Burlington ; of the Farmers' and Mechanics'
Savings Institution and Trust Co., and vice-
president of the Merchants' National Bank.
He has been twice married. His first
wife was EUzabeth C., daughter of Silas 4nd
Prudence N. Mason ; she died in 1868. For
his second wife he married Mrs. Helen M.
White, of Boston.
He is a member of the Congregational
church. WALKER, Daniel C, of North Cara
bridge, son of Lyraan and Adeline (Chase)
Walker, was born in Carabridge, Dec. 11,
1 84 1. W'iUiara W^alker, his grandfather,
carae here frora Brookfield, Mass., in 1800,
and located in the north part of the town,
on the farm where Lyman was born, and
resided there to the tirae of his death in
1879, and where Daniel stiU resides.
Receiving the custoraary education of the
public schools, and afterwards pursuing his
studies at Bakersfield Acaderay, Mr. Walker,
at the age of twenty, enlisted as a private in
Co. D, ist Vt. Cavalry, sharing in aU the
nuraerous engageraents in which his regi
raent took part. Constantly on duty, except
six weeks when he was confined by sickness
in the hospital, he was thrice wounded, but
not severely, received a proraotion to the
grade of sergeant, and was honorably dis
charged frora the service June 21, 1865.
After his return frora the war, being gifted
with considerable raechanical ingenuity, Mr.
Walker was eraployed for several years as a
carpenter and joiner, but his principal occu
pation has been that of an agriculturist, his
chief attention having been given to the
dairy and the raaple orchard. He has held
raany of the ofifices of the town, was lister,
selectraan, justice and school director and
was appointed postraaster under President
Grant, which ofifice he held until his resig
nation in 1892. The sarae year he received
the honor of an election to the Legislature
as a Republican, serving on the coraraittee
on agriculture.
He joined and has been the commander
of Post 10, G. A. R., of Carabridge. Mr.
Walker is a raodest raan of solid worth, who
possesses the respect and confidence of his
neighbors. His sterling qualities of char
acter have often called him to act as admin
istrator and agent in the settleraent of
estates. He was united in marriage, April 16, 1867,
to Kate M., daughter of Josiah and Mary
(Stone) Converse, of Bakersfield.
WALKER, Franklin William, of Ben
son, son of Rufus and Susannah (Raymond)
Walker, was born in Sudbury, June 23, 1812.

In 181 7 his parents reraoved to Benson
where raost of his Ufe has been spent. His
early educational advantages were limited to
the district school, but being possessed with
a love for study and a strong resolution to
have all there was for him, he devoted him
self to the improvement of his mind by study
and reading in his leisure moments while
employed as a clerk in his brother's store, in
Benson, between the years of fourteen and
twenty-one. When he arrived at his majority
his enterprising spirit led him to try the
perils and adventures of an unbroken wilder
ness in the then territory of Michigan. He
bought land of the government in Lenawee
county in the present town of Morenci, built
a log hut and cleared away the surrounding
forest, and took long journeys through the
thickly-wooded country in corapany with
other young men of like adventurous spirit,
undaunted by cold or fatigue, the experiences

FRANKLIN WILLIAM WALKER.
of which tended to make him a man of nerve
and courage. Mr. Walker returned East in
1836, and feehng the need of a better educa
tion before entering upon business for life
determined to spend some tirae at school in
Castieton. After this he formed a partner
ship with his brother, a raerchant in Benson,
which was dissolved in 1846, after which he
continued as sole proprietor tiU 1871.
He is one of the oldest residents of the
town, esteeraed and respected by aU. He
enjoyed to such an extent the confidence of
the community that he was sent to the

417

House of Representatives in 1857 and 1858.
He was a staunch Democrat until the ques
tion of slavery was agitated when he joined
the RepubUcan ranks, and has since reraained
a loyal supporter of their principles. In
1843 he was appointed trustee of the U. S.
deposit raoney and since tbat tirae has been
honored with raany official positions of re
sponsibility, and is the present town treasurer
(1894) and has been justice of the peace
over forty years.
He is one of the seven raerabers who es
tabhshed the M. E. Church in Benson in
1838, and is still a loyal raeraber of the
same. At St Louis, Mo., June 3, 1861, Mr.
Walker was married to Elvira A., daughter of
Albert G.and Margaret (Honsinger) Sherman
of Benson, then a teacher in Lindenwood Fe
male CoUege, St. Charles, Mo. Three chil
dren have been born to them : William
Franklin (now cashier of the First National
Bank of Fair Haven), Susie Sherman (wife
of Dr. C. A. Belden of Torrington, Conn.),
and Rufus Rayraon (merchant in Benson).
WALKER, WILLIAM Harris, of Lud
low, son of Ephraim and Lydia (Harris)
Walker, was born in Windham, Feb. 2, 1832.
His parents removed to Londonderry in
1838, where he received his primary educa
tion in the district schools of the town. He
fitted for coUege at Leland aud Gray Semi
nary and Black River Acaderay, and in
1858 graduated frora Middlebury CoUege.
While pursuing his studies he was elected as
sistant secretary of the Vermont Senate in the
year 1857. In order to secure the necessary
funds to complete his coUegiate course he was
allowed by the faculty of the college to teach
in a graramar school in Orleans, Mass., and
served one term as principal of the West River
Seminary at South Londonderry. Soon after
his graduation he was appointed principal
of the acaderay at Little FaUs, N. Y., where
he reraained for two years, during which
time he entered his name as a student at law
in the ofifice of the Hon. Arphaxed Loomis.
In i860, resigning his position as instructor
and removing to Ludlow, he finished his
studies with Hon. F. C. Robbins, was admit
ted to the bar of Windsor county at the
Deceraber terra, 1861, and immediately
opened an ofifice at Ludlow, where he re
mained in practice untU he was chosen an
assistant judge of the Supreme Court by the
Legislature in 1884.
Judge Walker represented the town of
Ludlow in the Legislatures of 1865 and 1866,
and 1884, serving on several iraportant com
mittees, and as chairman of the judiciary com
mittee in 1884. In 1867 and 1868 he was
elected a senator from Windsor county,
serving on the judiciary and other commit

tees. He ably fiUed the position of state's
attorney for Windsor county for two suc
cessive terms. In 1878 he was appointed
by Governor Fairbanks a coraraissioner to
make examination of the insane asylum,
being associated with Dr. Goldsmith of Rut
land, and Dr. Fassett of St. Albans, and was
a supervisor of the insane for two years end
ing December, 1880.

WILLIAM HARRIS WALKER.

The integrity, ability, and judicial fairness
of Judge Walker have often caused his ap
pointment as referee in cases pending in the
courts of several counties in the state. In
1878 he was elected judge of probate, dis
charging the duties of that ofifice to the sat
isfaction of the people. He was a judge of
the Suprerae Court frora 1884 until Septera
ber, 1887, when he was obliged to resign on
account of irapaired health. He has always
been a strong Republican in his political
views, and cast his first presidential baUot
for General Freraont.
He is one of the trustees of Middlebury
CoUege, and president of Black River Acad
emy. In this last he has taken an active
interest, and was largely influential in the
construction of a new buUding in 1888, at a
cost of nearly Si 6,000.
In 1862 Judge Walker entered the patriot
army and was elected captain in the i6th
Regt. of the Vt. Vols., but was obliged to
resign this honorable position on account of
a severe attack of typhoid fever. For a
quarter of a century he has belonged to the
Masonic order.

4i8

WALLACE.

WARD.

In 1859 Judge Walker was united to Miss
Ann Eliza, daughter of Dr. Ardain G. and
Ruth (Pettigrew) Taylor, of Ludlow. One
son has been born to them : Frank Ardain.
WALLACE, James B., of Concord, son
of Hiram and Lavinia (Pike) Wallace, was
born in Concord, Dec. 12, 1838.
He remained on the old homestead with
his father, who was a respected farmer, until
he arrived at his majority, and received such
education as the schools of Concord and the
Essex county grammar school could afford.

JAMES B, WALLACE.

At the age of twenty-four he was united in
marriage to Mary, daughter of James and
Jane D. (Hudson) Kenyon, by whom he had
the following children : Jennie (Mrs. Free
man Hutchinson), Hiram J., and WiUie.
After his marriage he was extensively en
gaged in agricultural pursuits, purchasing a
large estate in 1864. Soon afterwards exten
sive copper mining operations were cora
raenced on a farra in the neighborhood and
Mr. Wallace was engaged as manager of the
property and the boarding house thereon.
In this business he reraained for flfteen years,
and was then engaged by R. B. Graves to
superintend his large farra in the town.
When this property was sold to Mr. L. D.
Hazen, and in connection an extensive lum
ber business was started, Mr. Wallace was
StiU retained as superintendent of the estab
lishment.

In 1880 Mr. W^allace was elected trial jus
tice of peace, a position which he filled cred
itably until his election to the judgeship. In
1888 he was elected an assistant judge of
Essex county court and two years later re
ceived a similar coraphraent.
His genial face and rotund figure were
familiar in the Essex county Republican con
ventions of which he was a constant and
prominent member for twenty years.
Judge Wallace has held the usual town
ofifices, was for ten years chairman of the
board of trustees of the Essex county gram
mar school and has always raanifested a
raarked interest in all educational affairs.
He is now county auditor and has often been
called upon to act as guardian and to assist
in the settlement of various estates. He is -
well and favorably known in the county,
where he enjoys the reputation of a cordial
and hospitable host, extending a hearty web
come to all who visit him.
For about twenty years he has been an
active meraber of Moose River Lodge, F. &
A. M.
WARD, Hiram Owen, of Moretown, son
of Earl W. and Elizabeth (Munson) Ward,
was born in South Duxbury, Jan. 10, 1842.

\

HIRAM OWEN WARD.

His education was obtained first in the
common schools of Duxbury and Barre
Acaderay, whUe later he took a course at
Eastman's Business CoUege, at Poughkeep
sie, N. Y.

WARDWELL.

WARDWELL.

419

His early labor on his father's farm proved
-a severe but wholesorae training, and fitted
him well for the duties of his after life. In
1878 he sold the farm which he had inher
ited, and raoved nearer Waterbury, where he
purchased a sawraill and box factory. Sell
ing his boxes at cash prices, he took his pay
in rausical instruraents, deriving a large
profit in these transactions. In 1889 he
¦came to Moretown, where his business has
constantly expanded tUl he is now a large
proprietor of plants for the manufacture of
¦clapboards, boxes and shingles, as well as a
grist mill and a grocery store.
Mr. Ward married, June, 1866, May A.,
daughter of Harrison and Caroline (Canar-
dy) Sraith. Three children have been issue
of the union : Clinton H., Burton S., and
Clair W.
Mr. Ward has held many ofifices both in
Duxbury and Moretown, and has represented
each place in the state Legislature, in which
he served on the committee on claims. In
business matters he is esteemed both shrewd
and prudent, is a genial companion and a
public-spirited and intelligent citizen.
WARDWELL, GEORGE JEFFORDS,
¦of Rutland, son of Joseph H. and Lydia
(Howard) Wardwell, was born in Rumford,
Me., Sept. 24, 1827. Mr. WardweU traces
his descent from a faraily that settled in
Salera in the old colonial days. One of the
family was executed during the witchcraft
delusion in that place, and another was an
¦officer in the Continental Army during the
Revolutionary war.
Mr. \Yardwell's somewhat limited educa
tion was received frora the pubhc and private
schools of Ruraford, Me., and a short course
of study at Bridgeton acaderay. x-\t the age
of thirteen he was apprenticed to his cousin,
who was a general raechanic, and he cora
menced his career by the manufacture of
sleighs in Rumford and vicinity. Later he
moved to Lowell, Mass., where he was
engaged in constructing looms. He then, in
partnership with his brother, took a contract
to build forty of these articles, but the broth
ers had the raisfortue to lose their shop and
its contents by fire. Still they fulfilled their
agreeraent, and after fitting up a sraaU shop
in Hanover, Me., they were eraployed in
the raanufacture of sleighs, and sashes and
doors for the California raarket. Here they
met with more than one disaster, and in
1852 the partnership was dissolved. After
carrying on the business for sorae time
alone, Mr. Wardwell raoved to Andover, Me.,
where he occupied hiraseh in the various
vocations of inn-keeper, postraaster, and
manufacturer of furniture. Always posses
sing great mechanical skill, in 1854 he

invented and received a patent for the first
pegging raachine for raaking boots and
shoes, but unfortunately he did not reap the
results of his skill, owing to the dishonesty
of his partner.
After a short sojourn in Hatiey, Can., he
reraoved to Moe's River, again forraing a
partnership for the manufacture of furniture
and sleighs, then changed the scene of his
labors to Coaticook, P. Q., where he worked
at his trade and gave rauch attention to his
various inventions, the principal one of which
was a stone channelling raachine, for which
he secured a patent in 1859. The first one
was placed in Sutherland Falls quarry in
1 86 1, where it worked successfully, but owing
to the depressed financial condition at that
tirae, he was corapeUed to give up the
developraent of the machine and continued
working at his trade in Canada until 1863,
when he obtained a new patent on an im
proved machine which accomplished the
work of fifteen laborers, cut a channel from
three to four feet deep, and was employed in
the Sutherland Falls quarry for seventeen
years. As he was still unable to reap any
practical result from his discovery, he con
tinued for some time with the company con
structing stone-boats. Soon after he received
a contract on somewhat unreasonable terms
to build several of these machines for various
parties, and subsequently was enabled to dis
pose of his patent to the Steam Stone Cutter
Co., receiving $1,500 in cash and $33,520 in
the stock of the corporation, of which he was
raade superintendent. One of the raachines
was exhibited at the Paris exposition in
1867 and was sold in France. The sarae
year he parted with his forei.gn patents to
the Steam Stone Cutter Co., for over $17,000
in stock. At this tirae several parties con
structed raachines in direct violation of his
patent, the validity of which after a tedious
litigation was established, and injunctions
were issued against the sale and use of the
ilUcit raachines. The invention has proved
itself of iraraense practical value, and from
calculations raade up to 1886, it has been
proved that over $7,000,000 have been saved
to the stone producers in the working of their
quarries. As a testiraonial of its worth Mr.
Wardwell received a gold medal from the
Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Associa
tion in 1865 ; and its value was recognized
by the presentation of a silver raedal frora
the Paris exposition, in 1867 ; he afterwards
received a sirailar recognition frora the Cen
tennial exhibition at Philadelphia. In 1874
he invented and patented two different forras
of valveless steara engines, which also received
medals at Philadelphia. At present he is
the largest stockholder in the Steam Stone
Cutter Co., at Rutiand, having taken out

^^. ^. f^e^^ir-c-U^yLX^

WATERMAN.

421

twenty-five patents for the channelling and
other machines in this country and Europe.
October 4, 1850, Mr. WardweU was united
in marriage to Margaret, daughter of Thomas
and Margaret (Dickey) Moore of Hatley,
¦Canada, who departed this life Nov. 10,
1883. She left issue four children, two of
whora alone survive : Lizzie Olina (Mrs.
Thoraas Mound of Rutland), and George
Alvin. August 22, 1888, Mr. Wardwell es
poused his second wife, Kittle C. E., daugh
ter of Hirara W. and Mary M. (Huntoon)
Lincoln of Danby. To them one child has
been born : Charles Howard.
For nearly thirty years Mr. Wardwell has
been a hard and laborious student, a fact to
which his large library araply testifies, mak
ing a specialty of chemistry and geology.
He possesses a very large coUection of spec
imens relating to the latter science, and a
weU fitted, practical laboratory. He has
made several visits to Europe for the pur
pose of studying the geological forraation of
the country, especially with reference to
-quarries. He is a meraber of the Masonic
fraternity, being a past erainent commander
¦of Knights Teraplar, and belonging to the
Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the
Mystic Shrine. For raore than twenty years
he has been afifihated with the Araerican and
British Association for the Advanceraent of
Science. He is an adherent of the Demo
cratic party ; has fiUed various ofificial posi
tions of trust in Rutland ; is the vice-presi
dent of the board of trade in that city, and
one of the coraraittee of fifteen who framed
its charter. He is also a director of the
Merchants' National Bank of Rutland, and at
the present time president of the board of
school commissioners of the city of Rutland.
Mr. WardweU is liberal in his religious
views, and has been a generous supporter of
the Universahst church. He is eminently a
¦self-made raan and possesses great inventive
¦genius, having fully overcome the defects of
his early education by a long course of ardu
ous study and able and successful efforts for
self-iraproveraent.
WARREN, Charles Carleton, of
Waterbury, son of Charles W'. and Juha
(Perry) Warren, was born in Hartland, Feb.
II, 1843.
He was educated in the schools of the
place of his nativity and at KirabaU Union
Acaderay, Meriden, N. H. In 1862, at the
age of nineteen, he joined the band attached
to the ist Brigade Vt. Vols., with which he
reraained till they were discharged from ser
vice. After his return from the war he was
for some time employed in a tannery be
longing to his father, but in 1868 he leased
¦ a large estabhshment in Waterbury which he
¦subsequently purchased and where he has

since conducted an extensive and constantly
increasing business, raaking a specialty of
raanufacturing harness leather. In 1887 Mr.
Warren extended his operations by the pur
chase of a large farra, which he successfully
devoted in great measure to dairy products.
This he afterwards sold to the state as a site
for the new asylum for the insane at Water
bury viUage. He holds strong Republican
views, and in 1890 was appointed a member
of the board of fish commissions that estab
lished the first fish hatchery in the state.
Though hampered at first by insufficient
appropriations and other obstacles, the board,
owing largely to the persevering efforts of
Mr. Warren, has finaUy met with great
success.

CHARLES CARLETON WARREN.
He was united in raarriage Dec. 15, 1873,
to EUa F., daughter of Jerry and FloreUa
(Broadwick) McElmore of Middlesex. Two
children have been born to thera : Kate
Grace, and Charles Carleton, Jr.
Mr. Warren is a meraber of Edwin
DiUingham Post, G. A. R., of Waterbury,
and has also taken the obligations of the
Masonic order, uniting with Vermont Lodge,
No. 18, of Windsor.
WATERMAN, ELEAZER L., of Brattle
boro, son of Chandler and Polly J. Water
man, was born in Jamaica, July 25, 1839.
He was educated in the coramon schools,
and at Leland Seminary, and, adopting the
legal profession, studied law with Butler &
Wheeler, and was admitted to the bar of

422

WATERMAN.

WATSON.

Windham county at the September terra,
1863. He comraenced practice in ^^'il-
mington, from which town he was sent as
representative to the General Assembly in
1867 and 1868. Four years later he was
made state's attorney for Windham county,
and in 1876 was elected a state senator from
Windhara county, and was chairraan of the
Senate judiciary coraraittee. In 1870 he
moved to Jamaica, and afterwards to Brattie
boro, stiU continuing his professional labors,
and is now the senior partner of the law firm
of Waterman, Martin & Hitt. In 1891 he
was appointed special U. S. attorney to ap
pear for the government in claims originat
ing from the late war of the rebeUion.
Mr. Waterman was united in marriage.
May 15, 1864, to Jennie E., daughter of
Aaron and Juha D. Bemis of Windham. By
her he had issue three sons and three
daughters : Mabel J. (now the wife of Dr. D.
P. Webster of Brattleboro), Halbert L. (now
a practicing physician at FitzwilUam, N. H.),
Hugh A. (now of New York), Ernest J.,
Ethel L., and Alice M.
WATERMAN, HEMAN A., of Johnson,
son of Thomas and Eleanor (Dodge) Water
man, was born in Johnson, Nov. 3, 1830.
His family is of mixed Welsh and Scotch
descent. Araunah Waterman (grandfather)
came to Johnson in the first year of the cen
tury, purchasing 1,200 acres of land where
the village now stands, paying 4,000 Spanish
silver dollars for the property. About two hun
dred acres of that purchase is now owned by
Heman A. He served in the Revolutionary
war, was an intimate associate of the Chitten
dens, and for many years represented John
son in the General Asserably. Thoraas, who
was a captain in the railitia that served at the
battle of Plattsburg, erected the first hotel in
the village and was its genial host for forty
years. Politically a Henry Clay whig, he was
also a raeraber of the Legislature several
years and a judge in Franklin county court
before LamoiUe county was organized.
His youngest son, Heman A., received the
customary education of the common schools
of Johnson and afterwards attended the La
moiUe county grammar school. For forty
years he has been a prominent farmer and
real estate operator. He has also been a
practical surveyor, has acted as trustee and
referee, and has been largely identified with
the business interests of the place.
A stalwart Repubhcan, he has repeatedly
held every ofifice in the gift of his townsraen.
He was a raeraber of the Legislature from
Johnson in 1878 where he served as chair
raan of the general coramittee. For several
years he performed the duties of United
States assistant assessor and deputy collec
tor. From his various ofificial positions he

has acquired and raaintained a large acquaint
ance with the public raen of the state.
For nearly forty years he has been a Free
Mason, was a charter raeraber and for several

HEMAN A. WATERMAN.

years was the first Worshipful Master of
Waterman Lodge, named in honor of his
father. He also affiliates with Tucker Chap
ter, R. A. M.
Mr. Waterman was raarried Oct 9, 1855^
to Augusta L., daughter of Stephen and Tir-
zah (Lampson) Hoxsie, who were early set
tlers of Milton. Their three children are :
Elizabeth (Mrs. W. D. Welch of Johnson),
Frank H., and Thomas A.
WATSON, JOHN HENRY, of Bradford,,
son of Asahel and Adelpha (Jackson) Wat
son, was born in Jamaica, May 12, 1851.
His parents were of hmited means and
the education which he received in the com
mon schools and academy was freely inter
spersed with active labor on the farm. He
coraraenced his life career by the study of
law in the ofifice of Orin GarabeU, Esq., of
Bradford, where he continued tUl he was ad
raitted to the Orange county bar in Decem
ber, 1877. He iraraediately formed a part
nership with his instructor, and after six
months' experience, at the dissolution ofthe
firm, Mr. Watson assumed the full control of
their varied and iraportant business, which
he has ably conducted since that time. He
has the control of one of the largest and
most lucrative practices in Orange county.

WEBB.

WEBSTER.

423

He was elected state's attorney of Orange
county in 1886, and in 1892 was elected
from the county to the state Senate, where
he gave his services to the judiciary and
general committees, and was chairman of
that on railitary affairs. He is one of the
trustees of the Bradford Savings Bank and
Trust Co., and also of Bradford Acaderay.
In 1882 he was elected captain of the Brad
ford Guards, and was afterwards proraoted
to the post of major ofthe ist Regt., V. N.
G. During the riot at the Ely Copper Mine
in 1883, he rendered efificient service in
quelling the mob by capturing the powder
magazine which was in their possession, re
ceiving rauch credit for the gallant raanner
in which he performed this difficult and
arduous duty.

homestead, a beautiful place, where he has
resided for more than half a century. Here
in the neighborhood of the pleasant and
historic village of Guildhall he has followed
the peaceful but prosperous pursuit of agri
culture, respected and honored by aU who
have the pleasure of his acquaintance.
He was inarried, Jan. 17, 1850, to Lucre
tia Gates, daughter of Thoraas F. and Sally
(Duncan) Webb. Five chUdren have been
born to thera : Charles F., Isabel L. (Mrs.
Richard Beattie), George W., Sarah E., and
Mary B.
For nearly half a century Mr. ^Vebb has
filled the office of town clerk ; is Democratic
in his pohtical principles, and represented
Maidstone in the Legislature in the years
i86o-'6i-'7o, and at the special session of
1 86 1. He carries his years weU and is a
most interesting and agreeable gentleman of
the old school. His home circle is cheered
by the presence of his three younger children,
who are the prop and stay of the dechning
years of their parents.
WEBSTER, Dan PEASLEE, of Brattle
boro, son of Rev. Alonzo and Laura (Peaslee)
M'ebster, was born in Northfield, Dec. 7, 1 846.

JOHN HENRY WATSON.
Mr. Watson married, March 25, 1879,
Clara L., daughter of Darwin A. and Laurette
L. (Fitts) Hammond, of West Wardsboro;
of this union are two chUdren : John Henry,
and Hugh.
WEBB, JOHN W., of Maidstone, son
of Azariah and Elizabeth (Weeks) Webb,
was born in Lunenburg, Nov. 8, 18 14.
He received his education in the schools
of Lunenburg, Concord Normal, Lyndon and
Lancaster Academies. Employed upon his
father's farm until 1840, he made a tour of
the West as far as Iowa, participating in the
stirring scenes of the log cabin carapaign.
When he returned he settied on the old

DAN PEASLEE WEBSTER.
His prehminary education was receved in
the conimon schools and the Newbury Acad
emy. After graduating from the medical
departraent of the University of Vt., in 1867,
he successfully practiced his profession in
Putney, for sixteen years, when he raoved
to Brattleboro where he has continued till the

424

WEEKS.

WELLMAN.

present time, having by his energy and skiU
secured a large and remunerative business.
In 1872, and again in 1874, Dr. Webster
was elected to the Legislature to represent
the town of Putney, and in 1878 he was
chosen a state senator from Windham county.
During the faU of that year he was made
railroad coraraissioner, discharging the duties
of this ofifice tiU 1880. He was surgeon-
general on the staff of Governor Asahel Peck
and again holds that position on the staff of
Governor Levi K. Fuller, and for a long tirae
served as surgeon of the FuUer Light Battery.
During the civil war he accompanied his
father, who was chaplain of the i6th Vt. Regt.,
and was present at the battie of Gettysburg.
Dr. Webster has been an active and en
thusiastic Free Mason, having served as
deputy grand raaster of the Grand Lodge of
Vt. from 1876 to 1881, and he is at present
the eminent commander of Beauseant Com
mandery, K. T., of Brattleboro. He is a
meraber of the Connecticut River and Ver
raont State Medical Associations.
He was wedded, Jan. 9, 1868, to Ada,
daughter of Charles H. and Maria White, of
Putney, Vt. Mrs. Webster departed this life
in South Carolina, March 14, 1887, leaving
three surviving children : Hattie A., Harry
A., and Dan C. Noveraber i, 1889, he
contracted a second aUiance with Mabel
Julia, daughter of Hon. E. L. and Jennie E.
Waterman, of Brattleboro.
WEEKS, John E., of Sahsbury, son of
Ebenezer and Ehzabeth (Dyer) Weeks, was
born in Sahsbury, June 14, 1853. He is
descended frora early New England stock,
and among his maternal ancestors was John
Alden of Mayflower fame. His grandfather
carae to Salisbury when it was yet a wilder
ness, and his father was prominent in both
town and county affairs.
After receiving his education in the schools
of Sahsbury, and the Middlebury high
school, Mr. J. E. Weeks early engaged in
stock and wool buying in the vicinity, in
which business he is stiU interested. He
soon settied upon the farm of his father, of
whom he has been the successor in the in
surance business, acting especially for the
Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Co., of
which he was for a time a director. In 1892
he becarae the junior member of the firm of
Thomas & Weeks, hay and grain dealers, at
Middlebury. Mr. Weeks was united in raarriage, Oct.
17, 1879, to Hattie J., daughter of Frank L.
and Lucretia (Graves) Dyer of Salisbury.
He has been quite prorainent in political
and social affairs. He was appointed as
sistant census taker in 1880, and four years
later was elected as assistant door-keeper of
the Senate. In 1888 he was sent to Mont

pelier to represent Sahsbury, and served on
the coraraittee on manufactures, and on
special committee in the matter of a bridge
between North and South Hero, Grand Isle
county. In 1892 he was elected an assistant

JOHN E. WEEKS.
judge of Addison county court Judge
Weeks has long been a member of and clerk
and treasurer for the Congregational church
of Salisbury.
WELLMAN, LEIGH RICHMOND, of
LoweU, son of Rev. JubUee and Theda
(Grout) WeUraan, was born in Warner,
N. H., Jan. 4, 1835, and obtained his edu
cation in the public schools of Warner,
Westrainster, Cavendish and ProctorsviUe.
In the latter he was a classmate of Senator
Redfield Proctor. He pursued a further
course of study at Craftsbury and Bakersfield
academies. His family reraoved to LoweU
in 185 1, where his father was the first settled
Congregational rainister in that town, and
with the exception of a few years has re
sided there ever since. In 1858 he was em
ployed as a clerk in a store in Greenville,
Ala., returning North AprU 11, 186 1, the day
of the beginning of the bombardment of
Fort Sumter. The boat ran in close enough
so that the ruins of the fort and the steamer
that took off the garrison after the surrender
could be seen with a glass. In 1861 he
commenced a mercantile trade in Lowell,
which continued for eight years, when he
began the manufacture of lumber. In 1872

WELLS.

WESTON.

425

he was obliged to visit the West on account
of his health, where he spent nearly two
years as a clerk in a store in River Falls,
Wis. When he returned to LoweU, in 1874,
he purchased his present commodious store,
where he carries a large stock of general
merchandise. Mr. WeUraan assisted in organizing and is
a raember of Mount Morris Lodge, No. 69,
F. & A. M., and did not miss a single meet
ing during the seven years he occupied the
master's chair. He also belongs to Tucker
Chapter, MorrisvUle.
In 1867 he was married to Bertie L.
Cheney, who died in December, 1873, leav
ing one son : Leigh B. In 1878 he married
Mrs. Emily B. Mustard, by whora he had
two children : Harry R., and Theda G.
Mr. A\'ellraan although a strong Deraocrat
of the conservative order has held raany
town ofifices, was for fifteen years justice of
the peace, from 1868 to 1872 selectman, and
for many successive terms town treasurer.
WELLS, Edward, of Burlington, son of
Williara Wellington and Eliza (Carpenter)
Wells, was born in Waterbury, Oct. 30, 1835.
He was educated in tbe comraon schools of
Waterbury and at the Bakfrsfield Academy.

EDWARD WELLS.

At the age of seventeen years he entered
a dry goods store at Montpelier as clerk,
where he reraained one year. From 1856
to 1 86 1 he was employed in his father's
stores at Waterbury and Waterbury Center.

He enhsted in the band of the 5th Regt.
Vt. Vols., Sept. 26, 1861, and served about
six months. Mr. Wells held the position of
transportation clerk in the Array of the
Potomac, under Gen. P. P. PUkin, for about
three years. On his return home, in 1864,
he received the appointment of clerk in the
ofifice of the quartermaster-general of the
state of Verraont, which ofifice he held until
1866. He then entered the ofifice of Hon.
John A. Page, state treasurer, where he re
mained untU 1868.
In March, 1868, he became a partner in
the firm of Henry & Co., wholesale druggists,
at Waterbury, who had just transferred their
business to Burlington. In 1872 the firra
name was changed from Henry & Co. to
Wells, Richardson & Co., and in 1883 was
incorporated under the narae of Wells &
Richardson Co. He is president of the
WeUs & Richardson Co. and the Burlington
Trust Co., and a director in the Burlington
Cotton MiUs. He was elected to the Legis
lature in 1890, and served as chairraan of
the committee on banking, and also on the
committee on ways and raeans.
Mr. 'WeUs raarried, April 26, 1858, Martha
Frances, daughter of Lucius Parraelee, of
Waterbury. One daughter was the issue of
this union. Mrs. Wells died Nov. 25, 1876.
Mr. Wells raarried as his second wife, Oct.
14, 1879, Effie E. Parraelee, sister of his
first wife.
WESTON, EUGENE Sydney, of New
fane, son of Freeraan F. and Sarah J. (Evans)
Weston, was born in Cavendish, August 14,
1847. His early education was obtained in the
district schools and Chester Acaderay. Hav
ing decided upon the raedical profession he
entered the ofifice of Dr. Z. G. Harrington of
Chester as a student and attended lectures
in the raedical departments of Dartmouth
CoUege and the University of Vermont, re
ceiving his diploraa from the latter in 187 1.
After graduation he first located in Heath,
Mass., but soon removed to Coleraine, where
he had a large practice for three years. In
1874 he moved to Pittsfield, Mass., and re
mained there two years being town physician
and also physician at the house of cor
rection. In 1879 he located in Newfane
where he has since resided. He has been a
meraber of both the Massachusetts and Ver
raont Medical Societies.
Fie is a prorainent Free Mason and for
nearly a quarter of a century he has been an
active worker and has taken a deep interest
in the welfare and prosperity of the order.
He has served three terras as W. M. of
Blazing Star Lodge, No. 23, of Townshend ;
has been high priest of Fort Duraraer Royal
Arch Chapter in Brattleboro ; is grand

426

WHEELER.

WHEELER.

lecturer in the Grand Lodge and grand
scribe in the Grand Chapter of Verraont.
For two years he was district deputy grand
raaster of the Sth Masonic District, and has
held appointraents on sorae of the standing
committees in Grand Lodge and Chapter
for several years.
Republican in politics he was elected in
1892 to represent Newfane in the General
Assembly.

^Pfc»i^

1^-

EUGENE SYDNEY WESTON.

Dr. Weston enlisted during the civil war,
at the age of seventeen, as private in Co. C,
7th Vt. Vols., and served till the close of the
struggle, when he received an honorable dis
charge. His only battle was at the siege of
Spanish Fort near Mobile, Alabama. He
has always taken an active part in matters
pertaining to the G. A. R., and is a raeraber
of Birchard Post, No. 65, of which he is a
past coraraander.
Dr. Weston was raarried, June 6, 187 1, to
Eva S., daughter of Richard H. and Mary
E. (Crowley) Hall of Athens, and has four
children: Lena M., Alfred F., Bertha E.,
and Grace F.
WHEELER, Charles Frederick, of
BurUngton, son of Dr. Frederick P. and Mary
A. (Doude) Wheeler, was born in Bristol,
Sept 8, 1843.
His attendance at school (in the district
schools and academy in Bristol), terminated
in 1859, and for five years he was employed
as a clerk in a country store. He then
moved to the city of Burlington and entered

the estabhshment of Peck Bros., where he re
mained for eleven years, when he received
the appointment of assistant postmaster and
served in this capacity till his term of ofifice
expired in 1887. He then engaged in the
retail clothing trade, in which he is still oc
cupied. In 189 1 under a RepubUcan admin
istration he was appointed postraaster of
Burlington. This is the only first-class ofifice
in the state, doing a business of $80,000.
Mr. Wheeler has never held any other ofifi
cial position.
He is an Odd Fellow, is a sustaining mem
ber of the College Street Congregational
Church, and is an active member of the Burb
ington Y. M. C. A.

CHARLES FREDERICK WHEELER.
He was married, June 30, 1884, to Louise
M., daughter of Rev. F. W. and Mary
(McCotter) Olrastead. Their three children
are : Mary Louise, Frank Olmstead, and Cora
Marguerite.
WHEELER, Charles Willard, of
Irasburgh, son of AVillard and Maria (Page)
Wheeler, was born in Enosburgh, AprU 13,
1839. Obtaining his education in the common
schools and academy at Enosburgh, he first
engaged in mercantile pursuits in St. Albans,
and later in Burhngton.
In obedience to his patriotic impulses, he
enhsted in Co. I, loth Regt. Vt. Vols., went
at once to the field in the summer of 1862,
being actively identified with its movements

WHEELER.
inthe campaigns of 1862 to 1S65. Inthe
midst of the most exacting duties of field
service, which had becorae to be attended
with great privation and peril, he declined
to accept the proffer of a year's service at
horae as a recruiting ofificer, choosing to
remain at the front.
After five months' service in the adjutant-
general's office, and nine months in the
division commissary department, with offers
for a discharge from the service and employ
ment as a civilian with lucrative pay, he
obtained his release frora these positions and

WHEELER.

427

CHARLES WILLARD WHEELER.
joined his regiraent when General Grant
took command of the Array of the Potomac,
and from the commencement of that officer's
campaign he participated in every battle to
the close of the war ; was promoted through
the grades of corporal, sergeant, orderly ser
geant, second lieutenant, first lieutenant, to
regiraental quartermaster. He was wounded
at Cedar Creek, and on account of his injur
ies was absent forty days from railitary duty.
He received an honorable discharge at the
close of the war, and carae to Irasburgh,
where he opened a general store, in which
he has since continued, and at the sarae time
operated in real estate.
He has been a Republican since the for
mation of the party, and has been honored
with many ofificial positions in Irasburgh.
Mr. Wheeler represented Irasburgh in the
Legislature in 1886, and in 1890 was elected
frora Orleans county to the Senate, in which

body he introduced the secret ballot act,
and labored hard for its enactment.
He is a successful man, and always rehed
on his own resources, never receiving help
from others.
He is a CongregationaUst in creed, and a
member of George G. Post, No. 99, G. A. R.
He was united in marriage, June 7, 1871,
to Louise E. Nichols, daughter of Levi N.
and Elizabeth Dow of Enosburgh. The
issue of this union were : George E. (de
ceased). May L., and Lucy H.

WHEELER, HOYT HENRY, son of John
and Roxanna (HaU) Wheeler, was born in
Chesterfield, N. H., on the 30th of August,
1833. His great-grandfather, Peter Wheeler,
eraigrated frora Littieton, Mass., in 1762, and
was a capenter by trade, while the raother of
Judge 'Wheeler was a granddaughter of
Joseph Titus, one of the first settlers of
Chesterfield. His father, John Wheeler, re
sided in Chesterfield until 1849, when he
raoved to his present residence at Newfane.
Hoyt H. Wheeler first saw the light on the
farra where two generations of his ancestors
had lived and died. His early education be
gan in the coraraon schools of the neighbor
hood and was corapleted at the Chesterfield
Academy, in 1853. Graduating from this
institution he taught school for sorae tirae,
and also studied law as opportunity afforded
in the ofifice of Charles K. Field, of Newfane.
Subsequently he studied the sarae subject
under the direction of Jonathan D. Bradley
and George B. KeUogg, and was adraitted to
the bar in September, 1859. He then entered
into partnership with John E. Butler, Esq.,
under the title of Butler & Wheeler. The
new firm began professional practice in Ja
maica. Mr. Butler died in 1867, and after
that Mr. Wheeler practiced law by himself.
Early in his career he obtained a very large
practice in Southern Verraont, and in the
county and Supreme Courts acquired the
reputation of a thorough lawyer and a safe
counselor. In 1867, he represented Jamaica in the
House, and served on the judiciary commit
tee. In 1868 and 1869, he was returned to
the state Senate from Windham county, and
served during each session on the judiciary
coraraittee. While a raeraber of the House
he secured the charter of the West River
R. R., which is now known as the Brattle
boro & WhitehaU R. R. In the following
year what was designated the "enabling act"
was adopted, under his raanageraent, iDy the
Legislature. By virtue of this statute the
towns along the route were perraitted to in
vest raunicipal funds in the bonds of the cor
poration, the success of whose undertaking
was thus assured.

428

WHEELOCK.

WHEELOCK.

In 1869, Mr. AVheeler was elected an as
sistant judge of the Supreme Court, was re
elected in 1870, and again at each biennial
election until and including 1876. Of
judicial temperaraent, wise, and learned in
the law, he made a model judge. Without
sohcitation on his part or that of his friends.
Judge A\'heeler was, in March, 1877, ap
pointed by President Hayes district judge
of the United States for the district of Ver
raont in place of Judge David A. SraaUey,
deceased. Resigning his seat on the Supreme
bench of Verraont, Judge Wheeler at once
entered upon his new duties. They do not
wholly caU him to work in Vermont, and a
large share of his judicial labors are per
formed in New York City, where he has
among the merabers of the New York bar
the sarae reputation as a just judge of pro
found learning that he has araong their
brethren in Verraont.
With corporate institutions of financial or
other character, Judge Wheeler has held but
shght connection. For se\'eral years he has
been a director of the West River National
Bank of Jamaica, but beyond that has not
accepted any ofificial position.
Judge \\'heeler was married on the 24th
of October, 1861, to Minnie L., daughter of
John Maclay of Lockport, N. Y.
WHEELOCK, Edwin, of Cambridge,
son of Samuel and Patty (Adams) Wheelock,
was born in Cambridge, Nov. 17, 1822.
His maternal grandfather was a near rela
tive of President John Adams, and he coraes
of good New England parentage on both
sides of the house. After an attendance at
the district school he fitted for coUege at the
old Burlington Acaderay, entered the U. V.
M. and graduated frora tbat institution in
1849. For four years he was employed as a
teacher in the Mountain Academy in West
Tennessee, then returned to Cambridge,
where he coramenced and has continued his
ministerial labors in the Congregational
church of that community. For forty years
he has continued his pastorate in that town,
during which tirae he has conducted more
than 1,200 funeral services and officiated at
800 marriages. He was an original member
of the Lamoille Association of Congregational
Ministers, and is stiU an influential factor in
this organization.
For fourteen consecutive years Mr. Whee
lock has been superintendent of schools in
Cambridge, was a raember of the House in
i866-'67, and was chosen senator frora
LaraoiUe county in 1876. Four years later
he was raade chaplain of the Senate. He
has been an honored member of the Masonic
order and has served as chaplain of the
Grand Lodge since 1886 until now (1894),
rarely, if ever, having raissed a raeeting of

the Grand Lodge since he has belonged to
the order.
He was raarried July 30, 185 1, to Laura,
daughter of Daniel and Lucy AVheelock
Pierce, who bore him six children, four of

EDWIN WHEELOCK.
whom survive : Mary Ella (Mrs. B. R. Holmes
of Cambridge), Lucy (of Boston, Mass.), Ab
bie Laura(Mrs. C. F. Hulburd of Cambridge),
and George L. of New York.,
WHEELOCK, Martin W., of Berlin,
son of Joseph W. and Laura E. (Phillips)
Wheelock, was born in Montpelier, March
18, 1853. In 1854 his parents moved to
Berhn, and he has since resided there, re
ceiving his education in the schools of
Montpelier. Eraployed from his earhest years in his
father's bindery, it was but natural that he
should follow that vocation, and upon the
death of his father, in 1876, Mr. Wheelock
succeeded him in the business of the Mont
peher Bookbindery, which he has since suc
cessfuUy conducted, adding to his force from
tirae to time, untU he now employs fifteen
to twenty people. After Montpelier estab
lished its present systera of water supply, he
introduced and placed in operation the first
water motor in town, and procured the first
exhibit of electric lighting in Montpeher
from power derived from water motors, and
caused to be put up the " police signal light,
so called.

WHIPPLE.

WHITCOMB.

429

At the age of twenty-one he was elected
town superintendent of schools and repre
sented Berlin in the Legislature of 1880,
and has held rainor offices of responsibUity
and trust, and for the last eighteen years
has been town clerk, treasurer and justice
of the peace in Beriin. He is at present
one of the directors of the Montpelier Board
of Trade, was, in 1893, president of Volun
teer Hose, No. I, and is stUl a raeraber of
the fire departraent, and is a member of
the New England Order of Protection and
of Vermont Lodge, No. 2, I. O. O. F.
He raarried Julia A. MUes, of Montpelier,
daughter of Otis G. and Mary A. (SmUh)
MUes, March 16, 1878, and they have three
daughters : Mabel E., Florence M., and
Winona. Mr. Wheelock is deeply interested in the
prosperity of his native place, and is an
earnest believer in the investment of capital
in horae enterprises — a course that experi
ence proves is not only for the good of the
coraraunity, but as safe — to say the least —
for the individual invester.
WHIPPLE, EDWARD O., of Danby, son
of John and Clarica (Oakes) Whipple, was
born in Athens, June 20, 1821.

also for a tirae in attendance at the Bellevue
Hospital in New York City.
Dr. Whipple took up his residence in
Danby in 1848 and has buUt up an extensive
practice in that and the adjoining towns. A
strong Republican, he has never consented
to accept any political ofifice, choosing
rather to devote hiraself entirely to his pro
fessional duties, but his sterling worth and
abUity have gained him the highest esteem
of the comraunity in which he resides.
Dr. Whipple has received the degrees of
Ancient Craft Masonry, afifiliating with
Marble Lodge, No. 46, of Danby. He has
also taken all those conferred in the I. O. O.
F. He is an active meraber of the Rutiand
County Medical and Surgical Society and
also of that of the state.
, He was raarried in West Townshend, Sept.
25, 1848, to Augusta, daughter of Zadock
and Sarah Sawyer. They have one son :
Frank E., a physician of Danby.
WHITCOMB, Ervin Jackson, of
Ludlow, was born in Ludlow, Feb. 24, 1822.

EDWARD O. WHIPPLE.

He received his schooling in Albany and
afterwards studied medicine with Doctors P.
D. Bradford and Samuel W. Thayer, subse
quently graduating from the Castleton Medi
cal School in the class of 1847. He was

ERVIN JACKSON WHITCOMB.
He lived on a farm raost of the tirae dur
ing his rainority, was educated at the cora
mon schools, and Black River Acaderay, and
occasionaUy was occupied in teaching.
In 1844 he engaged in trade, dealing in
general country merchandise, in which oc
cupation he remained five years. After a
sojourn of three years in Ontario, where he
was engaged in mercantile pursuits, he re-

430

WHITE.

WHITE.

turned to Ludlow, where he dealt in horses,
farm produce and agricultural implements
until 1862. He then forraed the partner
ship of Whitcorab & Atherton, conducting a
wholesale and retail feed, flour and grain
business in connection with a grist miU. In
187 1 the firm erected Whitcorab & Atherton
block, and added a bakery to their business.
In 1887 he retired frora active business.
He wedded, Sept. 29, 1846, Ehzabeth
Goddard, daughter of Hon. SewaU and
Eunice Howe (Goddard) FuUara of Ludlow.
The fruit of their union is one child : BeUe E.
Mr. Whitcorab is the only surviving grand
son of Jonathan Whitcomb, a Revolutionary
soldier. He has been for many years a
raember of Black River Lodge, No 85, F. &
A. M. In religious belief he is a Univer
sahst, has taken deep interest in and been a
liberal donor to the church. He is a trustee
of the state convention, and also of Goddard
Seminary. He was formerly a whig, but is now a
Republican, and, after having discharged the
duties of several tovvn ofifices, was chosen
representative frora Ludlow for the two suc-
¦ cessive biennial terms of 1870 and 1872,
and four years later was elected a senator
from Windsor county.
WHITE, Elliot G., of Cavendish, son
of George W. and Clara M. (Swift) White,
was born in Cavendish, June 8, 1856.
His education was received in the cora
raon schools of Cavendish, and after its
corapletion he entered the service of his
uncle, Hon. F. E. Swift. Later he moved
to Boston, where he entered the eraployraent
of a horse car company and next vvas en
gaged as a clerk in a hotel near Bar Harbor,
Me., but soon after returned to Cavendish,
where he married and engaged in trade.
Comraencing business during a period of
general depression caused by the loss by fire
of the woolen miUs in that place, by his un
tiring energy and good manageraent he has
built up a profitable and remunerative busi
ness in a general country store, dealing, in
addition to his ordinary trade, in feed, grain,
and luraber. He is also interested in real
estate. Noveraber 10, 1880, he was raarried to
Nella C, daughter of Peter P. and Chloe
(Adams) Wheeler of Cavendish.
For fourteen years Mr. White has held
the positions of town clerk and postmaster ;
for several terms he has served as selectman
and is now the chairraan of the board. He
is one of the trustees of the Chester Sav
ings Bank, a director in the Chester National
Bank, and also librarian of the Fletcher
Library of Cavendish. He has always voted
with the Republican party, and for four
years discharged the duties of deputy sheriff..

He is a raeraber and past master of La
Fayette Lodge, No. 53, F. &. A. M., of Cav
endish, and is afifiliated with Skitchewang
Chapter of that order.
WHITE, HEMAN ALLEN, of Washington,
son of Thaddeus and Rebecca (Gleason)
White, vvas born in Washington, Sept. 21,
1817. His father, Thaddeus, joined the pa
triot army at sixteen years of age, served
under the gallant Lafayette, and after the
close of the struggle was one of the earUest
settlers who came to Washington, threading
his way on horseback through the dense for
ests by a line of blazed trees. He posted the
notice of the earliest Freemen's meeting,
Sept. 2, and in 1794 was elected the first
representative to the Legislature. He died in
185 I, at the advanced age of ninety-two.

HEMAN ALLEN WHITE.

Heman was the youngest son, and enjoyed
only the advantages of the coramon school
until he arrived at his raajority, when he at
tended Newbury Acaderay, supporting him
self whUe pursuing his course there. In
1840 he coraraenced studying law with Hon.
John Colby at Washington, was admitted to
the Orange county bar at the December
term, 1843, and is today the senior practic
ing member of his profession in that county.
Since 1848 Mr. White has been town
clerk; he represented Washington in the
General Asserably in 1857, '58, '63, '64, '65,
and '76, and was chosen a senator from Or
ange county in 1870. In 1866 and '67 he

WILCOX.

431

was state's attorney for Orange county. He
cast his first and last presidential vote for a
Harrison and in 185 6 was elected judge of
probate for the district of Randolph, having
previously served two years as register.
Judge White possesses the entire confidence
and respect of all who know him.
He was united in marriage, Nov. 23, 185 1,
to Mary, daughter of Ziba and F. A. Spen
cer, by whora he had one child : Dora M.
(Mrs. R. G. Spafford, deceased). In AprU,
1861, he contracted a second alliance with
Mariette A., daughter of Cutting S. and Mar
tha H. (Paine) Calef.
WHITE, H. C, of North Bennington,
son of John and Clarissa (Castle) White, was
born in North Bennington, Dec. 25, 1847.

plant of twice the capacity of the one burned,
and since then has enjoyed an uninterrupted
career of prosperity. Mr. White has inven
ted several iraproveraents in stereoscopes,
which he has patented, giving hira alraost a
monopoly of the stereoscope business.
Mr. White married Margie L., daughter
of WiUiam Watson of Brooklyn, N. Y., by
whora he has issue four children.
WILCOX, Henry Clay, of Granby, son
of Edraund W. and Matilda (Farnsworth)
WUcox, was born in Carabridge, August 20,
1842. After receiving the educational advan
tages of the Carabridge and Johnson public
schools, at the age of nineteen he found
employment in the U. S. Armory, at Spring
field, Mass., where he remained tiU the close
of the civU war, when he returned to Johnson
and for three years labored on his father's
farm. For the next seven years he was
variously employed as a manufacturer of
butter tubs, clerk of a hotel in Hyde Park,

H. C. WHITE.

After receiving his education at the public
schools of North Bennington, at the age of
twenty-one he removed to the city of New
York, where he entered into partnership with
B. G. Surdam, and engaged in the manufact
ure of stereoscopes and lenses. There he
remained four years and after attaining the
necessary skiU he returned to his native town,
where he started in the same hne of business
for himself.
In 1877, he removed to his present site
and erected a large plant, and successfully
carried on the business of manufacturing
lenses, writing desks, and stereoscopes. In
1886, his entire estabhshment was consumed
by fire, but he immediately erected a larger

HENRY CLAY WILCOX.
and foreraan in different establishraents en
gaged m the luraber trade. In 1882 he
assuraed the general superintendence of the
Buck & WUcox Luraber Co., a very impor
tant and responsible position, the duties of
which he satisfactorily discharged up to
1885, when they sold to C. H. Stevens &
Co., since which time he has been in the
employ of C. H. Stevens & Co. and the
Northern Lumber Co.
Mr. Wilcox was forraerly deputy-sheriff at

432

WILKINS.

WILLARD.

Johnson, and since his removal to Granby
has been the incumbent of several important
ofifices, serving as justice and selectraan ;
he was the Republican representative of
Granby in 1886 to 1890, and a prorainent
candidate for senator frora his county in the
convention of that party in 1892. Mr. Wil
cox is regarded as a raan of sound business
capacity and great general intelligence.
For raore than a quarter of a century he
has belonged to the Masonic fraternity, has
held the office of W. M. in Eden Lodge,
No. 69, H. P. of Tucker Chapter, and Dis
trict Deputy G. M.
WILKINS, George, of Stowe, son of
Uriah and Nancy (Kittredge) W'ilkins, was
born in Stowe, Dec. 6, 18 17.

GEORGE WILKINS.

After enjoying the educational privUeges
of the coramon schools and the academies
of Johnson and Montpelier, Mr. Wilkins
studied law with Messrs. Butler and Bingham,
and vvas admitted to the LamoiUe county
bar at the December term of 184 1. He
then forraed a partnership with O. W. But
ler, Esq., which was continued tiU 1845,
when he purchased that genderaan's library
and alone has conducted the practice of the
firm since that tirae.
He espoused, July 12, 1846, Maria N.,
daughter of Sarauel and Sarah (Blanchard)
Wilson of Hopkinton, N. Y. They have
adopted Charies B., son of Capt. J. H. Swift
of VVashington.
In 1852 he was elected state's attorney,

and in 1856 a delegate to the Constitutional
Convention. He vvas chosen senator from
LaraoUle county in 1859 and was subse
quently delegate to the union convention at
Philadelphia ; a presidential elector from
the Third District and a raember of the
national Republican convention that nomi
nated General Grant.
Mr. Wilkins is everywhere recognized as
an astute and able trial lawyer, a graphic
and interesting writer and an earnest,
thorough, and resolute advocate. Always
interested in educational afifairs he has been
a liberal donor of books and apparatus to
the schools in his vicinity. The manage
raent of several large farras purchased by
him in the town and its neighborhood has
recently engrossed the chief share of his
time and attention.
WILLARD, Andrew Jackson, of Bur
lington, son of Neheraiah Batchelder and
Hannah (Eraerson) Willard, was born in
Harvard, Mass., March 19, 1832. Among
his progenitors, the lineage being the same

ANDREW JACKSON WILLARD.

as Miss Frances Willard's, he numbers Major
WiUard of colonial fame, and President
W^illard of Harvard College, while on the
mother's side he is a scion of the weU-
known Emerson faraily, which has given the
country so raany erainent teachers of re
ligion and philosophy, including the " Sage
of Concord," Ralph Waldo. The Willards
and the Eraersons seera to be happUf
blended in the subject of our sketch.

WILLARD.

WILLARD.

433

Having lost his father in early youth, Mr.
WiUard was placed by his widowed mother
in the academy at Lancaster, Mass., but he
finished his preparation for coUege at the
-Walnut Street high school of Worcester,
Mass. At the age of seventeen he was ad
mitted to Yale college, where his career was
in every way creditable. Though his studies
were to sorae degree impeded by impaired
health and eyesight, he took raany prizes for
excellence in debate and EngUsh coraposi-
tion, and he graduated with high honors in
the "faraous class" of 1853. He then spent
three years in the study of theology at the
Yale Theological Seminary. He was licensed
to preach by the New Haven Association of
Congregational Ministers. After a brief
residence as licentiate at Andover, Mass., he
was called in January, 1857, to the pastorate
of the Congregational church at Upton,
Mass., one of the oldest and largest in
Worcester county. Here he spent nearly
nine years of honorable service, when he
was o'bhged by failing health to resign his
charge, and later stiU to give up entirely the
ministerial profession.
Rev. Mr. WiUard removed to Burlington
in 1865, and for about five years he supphed
the pulpits at Essex Centre and Essex
Junction. In 1870 and 1871 he was the
superintendent of the pubhc schools in Bur
hngton. While trying to regain his shattered
health he, as it were, accidentally attended a
medical lecture at the University of Ver
raont, and was thereby led to the study of
medicine, and graduated from the medical
department of the university in 1877. At
this time he was appointed valedictorian, but
dechned the honor. He was awarded the
prize for the best thesis, the subject of which
was "Medical Cheraistry," which received
the unusual coraphraent from the raedical
faculty of a recoraraendation to pubUsh.
Having spent several raonths in special study
in New York City, he had just coraraenced
to practice raedicine in Burhngton, when he
was appointed instructor in chemistry and
assistant professor in that science in the U.
V. M. Later he was appointed special pro
fessor of hygiene and sanitary science.
These positions he held tiU 1890, when
increasing professional duties connected with
his specialty obliged him to resign his active
connection with the university, but he has
continued to retain, up to the present tirae,
the honorary position of adjunct professor
of chemistry in that institution.
Soon after graduation in medicine Dr.
WiUard was made superintendent and resi
dent physician of the Mary Fletcher Hospi
tal in Burhngton. In December, 1886, he
retired from this position after nearly six years
of unremitting devotion to the interests of
the hospital. There can be no question that
he did a good work whUe there, to which

many grateful patients bear wilUng witness.
One of his first achievements was the foun
dation of the Mary Fletcher Hospital Train
ing School, for nurses, which is still in suc
cessful operation. He early saw, when at the
hospital, the need of special treatment for
diseases of the nervous system, and therefore,
for this purpose, he founded an institution in
Burhngton, known as " Dr. WiUard's Rest
Cure and Nervine EstabUshment." Its
present name, however, is the " Willard
Nervine Horae." In raany respects the
success of this institution has been phenorae-
nal. In addition to the main building on
North Prospect street, a summer retreat has
been estabhshed on the shores of Lake
Champlain, called "The White Birches," to
which Dr. WiUard frequently takes his con
valescing patients.
Dr. Willard was married May 19, 1857, in
Burlington, to Harriet Buell, daughter of
Henry Pearl and Maria (BueU) Hickok.
Five children have blessed their union :'
Henry Hickok, Albert Eraerson, Helen Eliza
beth, Julia Maria, and Frederick Buell.
In politics Dr. Willard has always been a
staunch Republican. In religion he has been
a Congregationalist, until quite recently,
when he joined the Episcopal church.
WILLARD, George F. B., of Ver
gennes, son of George and Delana D.
(Lake) WUlard, was born in Boston, Mass.,
on the 26th of July, 1853.
He received a liberal education for his
chosen profession, graduating frora the high
school at Middlebury in 1872, and frora
Middlebury CoUege in the class of 1876.
He later pursued a course of study at the St.
Louis Medical College, frora which he re
ceived his diploma of M.D. , in 1883. The
sarae year Doctor Willard settled at Ver
gennes, where he has deservedly won a lead
ing position araong the physicians of the city
and surrounding country.
He was raarried at Washington, D. C,
Dec. 26, 1883, to H. Ada, daughter ofl. D.
and S. E. Vedder, of WhitehaU, IU., and
frora this union there are issue five children :
Delana E., Ada Hopkins, George Vedder,
Lucy Araelia, and Sarah Lake.
Doctor Willard has always strictly devoted
himself to his professional duties, never seek
ing publicity or political ofifice, but at present
fiUs the ofifice of alderman and is a member
of the school board of Vergennes. He be
longs to the Verraont Medical Society, and
whUe in college afifiliated with the D. U.
Friendly and open-hearted, he is very
popular with all classes in his own city,
being esteemed by aU who come in contact
with him.
On account of the illness of Mrs. 'Willard,
the doctor gave up his practice in Vergennes
in 1893, and reraoved to Roodhouse, lUs.,

434

WILLIAMS.

WILLIAMS.

where he is at present buUding up a good
practice. WILLIAMS, FRANK Clifton, of Cov
entry, son of Clifton and Mariette (Loomis)
Williams, was born in Glover, May 12, 1853.
His education was obtained in the public
schools of Glover, in the Orleans Liberal
Institute and Goddard Seminary. Shortly
before he arrived at man's estate he was
employed as clerk in several raercantUe es
tablishments in Glover and Coventry, and in

FRANK CLIFTON WILLIAMS.

1877 entered into a partnership with Homer
Thrasher at Coventry. Four years subse
quently he bought out his partner's interest
and for sorae tirae continued alone, when
Mr. Salraon Nye entered the concern which
continued its operations till 1892, building a
fine block for business purposes on the main
street and besides his regular occupation
Mr.Williams has engaged in lurabering, farra
ing and horse breeding. In this latter
branch he has been very successful, having
turned out a large number of fast trotters,
though he makes a specialty of roadsters of
the Morgan family.
He is liberal in his religious opinions, but
attends and supports the Congregational
church. For raany years he has filled the
ofifices of justice of the peace and town
clerk and treasurer of Coventry, which town
he represented in the Legislature in 1884
where he was a raember of the committee
on clairas.

Mr. Williaras was wedded. May 30, 1877,
to Helen Louise Burbank, daughter of
Samuel and Jane (Coburn) Bowles Bur
bank of Coventry. Five chUdren have
blessed their union : Grace Helen, Florence
Eliza, Sam Clifton, Kate MUdred, and
Harold Frank (deceased).
WILLIAMS, George Abner, of Sax
tons River, son of Russel H. and Mercy
(Waters) Williaras, was born in Westmore
land, N. Y'., July 10, 1853.
His earlier education was obtained in
Whitestown Seminary, Whitesboro, N. Y.
He was graduated from Colgate University
in 1880, and afterwards received the degrees
of A. M. and Ph. D. from the same institu
tion. While in college he specially devoted
himself to languages and mathematics, and

GEORGE ABNER WILLIAMS.

was honored with the valedictory address
upon his graduation. In 1879 he repre
sented his alma raater in the intercollegiate
contest in New York City, winning the
highest honors in the Latin language. Mr.
WiUiams has foUowed the profession of
teaching since 1873. Iraraediately after his
graduation he becarae the instructor in
mathematics and the sciences in Whitestown
Seminary, and subsequently has occupied
positions in the HaraUton (N. Y.) Union
School and Cook Acaderay, at Havana, N.
Y. Since 1889 he has been principal ofthe
Verraont Acaderay, at Saxtons River, which
position he occupies at the present time.

WILLIAMS.

WILSON.

435

He has always displayed great ability as an
instructor, successfully laboring for the in
tellectual and moral improvement of all
pupils who have been entrusted to his
charge. His services have always been
sought for, and he has never been obliged to
make an application for any post which he
has filled. He is a raeraber of the American
Institute of Instruction and of the American
PhUological Association.
While in coUege he was a member of the
Delta Upsilon fraternity, and acted both as
president and vice-president of the Colgate
Chapter. He was a delegate to the conven
tion of the fraternity at Schenectady in 1879.
At graduation he was chosen a meraber of
Phi Beta Kappa.
He was united in raarriage, June 30, 1880,
to Florence Elizabeth, daughter of Rev.
Eliphalet and Martha (Spaulding) Owen.
Four children have blessed their union :
two daughters, Elbertine and Roberta, and
two sons, Maynard Owen and Russel Hill.
Mr. Williams is a descendant on both
sides of the house, from Revolutionary sol
diers, and is a Baptist by inheritance and
conviction. He is the author of a book on
"Topics and References in Araerican His
tory," widely used in schools, and is actively
interested in educational problems in Ver
mont. He was a meraber of the legislative
•committee of the Vermont State Teachers'
Association, which appeared before the ed
ucational committee of that body in 1892,
urging the adoption of the town system of
schools, which measure was finaUy adopted.
Since 1889 he has served upon the state ex
ecutive committee of the Y. M. C. A.
Though always taking an active interest in
¦public affairs, he has never sought or ac
cepted pohtical ofifice. Hitherto a Repubh-
-can in his preferences, he is now strongly
inchned to independent views with regard to
national and state affairs.
WILLIAMS, James Peter, of Sunder
land, son of Peter and Emeline (Jordan)
WiUiams, was born in Auburn, Me., April 5,
1836. His education was obtained in the schools
¦of Auburn, and FitzwilUam, N. H. For
sorae tirae after he arrived at his raajority he
was eraployed in a factory for the raanu
facture of wooden ware, and afterwards re
moved to Sunderiand, in which place, in
1858, he purchased an estabhshment for the
manufacture of clothes-pins, which he after-
Tvards changed to a turning shop. Mr.
Williaras then changed the scene of his
labors to Manchester, where in connection
with Dexter Pierce he manufactured spoons,
and in 1878 dissolving his partnership he
rettirned to Sunderiand, where he continued

in a sirailar occupation, cultivating in ad
dition a farra of about one hundred acres.
August 29, 1866, he espoused Deha,
daughter of George Newbury and Sarah M.
(PhiUips) Olmsted of FitzwiUiam. Four
children were born to thera : Grace Araanda
(deceased), Waldo Frank, Anson Streeter,
and Shirley Olrasted.
A Repubhcan in his poUtical faith Mr.
AVilliaras has never assuraed any ofificial
position, and in regard to his rehgious views
he is an agnostic.
WILSON, James Dunlap, of Greens
boro, son of John and Margaret (Young)
Wilson, was born in Greensboro, Sept. 13,
1848. He was educated in the schools of Greens
boro and in Morrisville Acaderay, and for
some tirae taught in the public schools of
Greensboro. He then, for five years, fol
lowed the occupations of farraer and carpen
ter and subsequently was eraployed in the
Fairbanks scale works of St. Johnsbury.
Since his return to Greensboro in 1880 he
has devoted hiraself to dairy farming and the
manufacture of maple sugar from a large
orchard of 1,200 trees.
Noveraber 22, 1877, he wedded Mariette
T., daughter of James J. and Lilias (MiUer)
Lumsden of Greensboro. Three children
have been born to them : Florence Edith,
John Erwin, and James Harrison.
Mr. Wilson has been selectman and jus
tice of the peace for several years ; has dis
charged the duties of town auditor, was dele
gate to the state convention in 1892 at
Montpelier and represented Greensboro in
the Legislature of 1892, serving on the cora
raittee on land taxes and the canvassing
coraraittee. For four years he was a mem
ber of the RepubUcan town coraraittee.
He belongs to the Presbyterian church, of
which he has been for a long tirae elder and
Sunday school superintendent.
WILLSON, Melvin A., son of Sydney
and Lucy (BoutweU) WiUson, was born iri
LoweU, Mass., July 31, 1847.
He was one of a faraily of four children
and in his early boyhood was thrown upon
his own resources, by the death of his father.
Reraoving to Victory at the age of eight, he
gleaned a scanty education frora the schools
of Lunenburg and Lyndon, meanwhile con
tributing from his earnings to the support of
the family.
He enlisted Sept. 13, 1864, in Co. K, Sth
Vt. Vols, under the command of Col. Stephen
Thoraas, saw service in the Shenandoah cara
paign and was honorably discharged May 13,
1865. After his return frora military service Mr.
WiUson settled in Granby, where he purchased

436

WING.

WINSLOW.

the property on which he now resides. He
has been extensively engaged in general
farraing, raising, buying and seUing stock and
his plain, blunt coraraon sense and shrewd
ness have rendered hira financiaUy success
ful in all these enterprises, making hira an
iraportant factor in the business affairs of the
town. For the last two years he has added
to his other occupations a trade in feed, fiour
and grain.
Mr. 'WiUson is a Republican, but is inde
pendent in his views, and has been elected
to nearly aU the responsible ofifices in the
town of Granby, which he represented in the
Legislature of 1884.
He was united inraarriage March 6, 1872,
to Jean, daughter of Loorais and Adehne
(Farr) WeUs, of which raarriage seven chil
dren have been born : Addie L., Sidney L.,
Leonard H., Sarauel G., Oscar M., John H.,
and Dora M.
WING, George Washington, of
Montpelier, son of Joseph A. and Samantha
Elizabeth CWebster) 'Wing, was born in
Plainfield, Oct. 22, 1843.
He was educated in the district schools,
at Barre Academy, at the Washington county
grammar school, and at Dartmouth College,
from which institution he was graduated in
1866. He has been a resident of Mont
pelier since 1858. He studied law in the
ofifice of his father, Joseph A. Wing, Esq.,
and was adraitted to Washington county bar,
March terra, 1868.
He was assistant state librarian in 1864,
1865 and 1866, and a deputy secretary of
state frora 1867 to 1873. During part of
this latter period he was a clerk in the ofifice
of the state treasurer, Hon. John A. Page of
Montpelier. Concluding this service, he
began the practice of his profession, in
which he has becorae distinguished, both for
soundness of judgment and ability as an
advocate. He was elected to the House of
Representatives from Montpelier in 1882,
and rendered iraportant service to the state
on the ways and raeans and the grand list
coraraittees. He had an iraportant part in
fraraing, and to hira belongs the honor of
forraulating, the corporation tax law enacted
at that session of the Legislature — a law that
was distinguished by the clearness and pre
cision of its phraseology and by the benefits
its well considered provisions conferred upon
the state at large. As a raeraber of the
grand list committee his counsel, practical
judgment and peculiar gift in so formulating
an enactment that it could bear but one, and
the right, interpretation, were brought into
requisition in the act revising and consolida
ting the tax and grand list laws. In advo
cating, explaining and defending these
measures in the debates in the House, and

in his legislative duties generally, he dis
closed the qualities of a wise and capable
law-maker. From 1884 to 1888, during the
administration of President Cleveland, ab
though a staunch Republican, he held the
ofifice of postmaster at Montpelier, to which
he had 'been elected toward the close of
President Arthur's administration. He was
a capable and popular adrainistrator of the
afifairs of the post-office, judicious and
efificient. In 1890 he was elected a trustee
of the ViUage of Montpelier, and in 1892
was chosen president of the corporation.
He is treasurer of the Farraer's Trust Co.
incorporated under the laws of Iowa, and
which has its Eastern ofifice at Montpelier.
Mr. Wing is a raeraber of Aurora Lodge,
No. 22, F. & A. M., and has taken the 32d
degree in Scottish Rite Masonry.
Deceraber i, 1869, he married Miss Sarah
E., daughter of Dr. Orlando P. and MiUie
(Hendee) Forbush, who died in AprU, 1871,
leaving one chUd : Sarah F. October i,
1882, he married Miss Ida I., daughter of
Stephen F. and Caroline C. (Stone) Jones.
Of Mr. Wing, a brother attorney says :
"He entertains and instructs, whether be-^
fore the jury or court, or on the stump. He
is at once scholarly and practical, and has
an enviable power of illustration peculiar to
himself." WINSLOW, DON AVERY, of Westfield,
son of Orlando and Salorae (Hitchcock)
Winslow, was born in Westfield, Oct. 25,
1824. He is the seventh in lineal descent frora
Kenelm Winslow, one of the earliest settiers
of Plymouth county, and also through his
grandmother Winslow, a descendant of the
Adams family of Quincy, Mass. The estate
formerly belonging to Daniel Webster in
Marshfield, Mass., was the original Kenelm
Winslow horaestead, and had been preserved
in that family tiU its purchase by the great
orator and statesraan.
The subject of this sketch, after attending
the public schools of Westfield and Derby
Acaderay, did not care to follow the foot
steps of his father, who was a farmer and
general merchant in the village, and in 1846
found his way to Boston, where he studied
rausic under the instruction of the weU-
known LoweU Mason. Mr. Winslow com
menced his musical career as tenor in an
English opera in the Boston Theater, and
also in a quartette in the Unitarian church
of Bulfinch street in the city. Subsequently,
after instruction in musical composition and
in piano and church organ playing, he
settled in St. Albans, where he was employed
as organist in the Congregational church,
and as professor of music in Swanton Ac
aderay. During this period he composed

WINSLOW.

WINSLOW.

437

both secular and sacred music, and raany of
his efforts have been published in Emerson's,
Perkins', MarshaU's, and other musical
works. For over flfty years he has been continu
ously connected with churches, either as
leader of the choir or organist. After giving
up his profession he was employed for ten
years at Johnson as station agent and tele
graph operator. In 1889 he removed to
Westfield, where he now resides on the old
homestead.

His parents moved to Townshend ten years
later, and he there received the usual educa
tion of the comraon schools, completing his
studies at the establishraent which is now
styled the Leland and Gray Serainary, of
which he was a trustee for twenty-five years.
During his vacations, as was then custoraary
for all farra-bred boys, he assisted his father
in the raanageraent of his property, and in
the winter of 1851 taught school in Athens.
The following spring he went to Boston,
Mass., where he was eraployed as a clerk in a
raercantUe establishraent for raore than three
years. He next turned his steps to Califor
nia, where he was an instructor in the public
schools, but in the faU of 1858 he returned
to Townshend and engaged in general trade,
in which he continued for thirty-one years.
His health failing hira, he sold out his busi
ness in 1 89 1, reraoving with his faraUy to
Araherst, Mass., where he died, Feb. 20,

DON AVERY WINSLOW.
March 27, 1848, he married Mary S.,
daughter of Curtis and Mary (DeWoh)
Newton of Greenfield, Mass. She died Jan.
12, 1882. Five children were born to them :
Edward W^ (drowned in eariy youth), Helen
M. (now p.resident of the Women's Press
Association, Boston), Mary A., Isabel N.
(Mrs. Alexander Conrad of Cooledge, N. .
M.) , and Harriet P. Mr. Winslow contracted
a second marriage. May 5, 1886, with Araanda
M., daughter of Bela and Ann M. Johnson,
of Whitfield, N. H.
He has been a consistent raember of the
Congregational church in Westfield, was
formerly a meraber of the Handel and
Haydn Society of Boston, and was one of the
organizers and early presidents of the Or
leans County Musical Association.
WINSLOW, Samuel Dutton, late of
Amherst, Mass., son of Peleg and Nancy
(Bowles) Winslow, was born in Dummers
ton, April 17, 1832.

SAMUEL DUTTON WINSLOW.
He married, Dec. 6, 1859, Mary E.,
daughter of David and Betsey (Wood) WU-
lis, of East Alstead, N. H. There were four
chUdren born to them, of whora the young
est, Lotie May, alone survives.
Mr. Winslow was quite influential in town
and county affairs, but generally avoided oflfi
cial positions. He was for nearly twenty-
one years president of the Windham County
Savings Bank, and was very active in pro
moting its interests.
He contributed most liberally both time
and money to promote the welfare of the

438

WITHERELL.

WOODBURY.

Congregational church, of which he was a
raember for thirty years, and in which he
served frora 1863 to 1891 as deacon, Sunday
school superintendent and teacher, doing all
in his power to advance its interests and
efficiency. He was a typical New England raan of
active and energetic character, self-depend
ent, and relying solely upon his efforts. He
possessed superior financial ability, was very
successful in his business enterprises, and
honorably and, deservedly amassed consider
able wealth.
WITHERELL, JOHN H., of Bridport>
son of James and Susan (Willis) WithereU,
was born in Bridport, July 31, 1841.

JOHN H. WITHERELL.

He received his early education in the
ochools of Bridport, but supplemented this
instruction by an extended course of reading
and practical and advantageous study. He
has always been engaged in agricultural pur
suits, forraerly on the shores of Lake Chara
plain, but later in the village of Bridport,
where he has since resided. He has been
successful in his efforts and for three years
has acted as manager of the Black Hawk
stock farm. He makes horses a specialty
and has bred already some fine specimens
of the Wilkes and Morgan strain.
Though not one who seeks preferment Mr.
WithereU has held raany town ofifices, araong
them those of selectman and justice of the
peace. He has always been a constant Re
publican and is held in high repute by his

townsmen for his good judgment and hon
esty. In 1880 hewas caUed upon to sferve
in the Legislature, serving on the standing
coraraittee as also on special coraraittees.
He was united in raarriage at Bridport
Sept. 4, 1875, to Anna D., daughter of Judge
Henry and Eliza Sollace. Five children
were born to them, four of whom survive :
Gertrude S.^ Kittle E., Herman S., and
Georgiana. For four years Mr. WithereU was Master-
of the Morning Sun Lodge, No. 5, F. & A.
M. of Bridport, and he is a Sir Knight of
Mount Calvary Comraandery of Middlebury.
WOODBURY, Urban Andrain, of
Burlington, son of Albert M. and Lucy L.
(W'adleigh) Woodbury, was born in Acworth,.
N. H., July II, 1838. His father was a
native of Cavendish, and returned to Ver
raont, after a temporary residence in New
Hampshire, wheti Urban was two years old^
The latter was educated in the common
schools of Morristown and the People's
Acaderay in MorrisviUe, ahd was graduated
frora the raedical departraent of the Univer
sity of Vermont in 1859.

-mi^'

URBAN ANDRAIN WOODBURY.
The subject of this sketch was one of the
first to enlist in the service of his country at
the breaking out of the civil war. He be
came a member of Co. H, 2d Regt. Vt..
Vols., May 25, 1861 ; was iraraediately ad
vanced to the grade of sergeant, taken pris
oner tvvo months after his enlistment, at the-

WOODWORTH.

WOOLSON.

439

battle of BuU Run, in which engageraent he
had the misfortune to lose his right arm ;
was paroled Oct. 5, 1861, and discharged
frora service on account of wounds Oct. 18,
1861. Undaunted by his trying experience,
he again sought to defend his country's flag,
and Nov. 17, 1862, he was coraraissioned
captain of Co. D, nth Regt Vt. Vols. He
was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps
June 17, 1863. In March, 1865, after faith
fully discharging the duties of his position,
he resigned.
Captain Woodbury was married, Feb. 12,
i860, to Paulina L., second daughter of Ira
and Sarah Darling of Elmore. By her he
has six children : Charles Lincoln, Minnie
Stannard, Gertrude Frances, Edward Philo,
LUa Darling, and Mildred Dorothy.
After his return from the war he settled in
Burlington, and became general manager of
the lumber business of J. R. Booth. His
skiU as a financier and his power of apphca-
tion have raade this concern a great success.
He has also engaged in real estate opera
tions, and for twelve years has been the
owner of the Van Ness House property.
Mr. Woodbury is a Repubhcan in his
poUtical views. He was elected alderman
from the second ward in Burhngton in 188 1
and '82, and the latter year was raade presi
dent of the board. In 1885 and '86 he was
chosen raayor of the city, and in 1888 he
was raade Lieutenant-Governor of the state,
serving under the administration of Gover
nor Williara P. DUlingham. In every posi
tion, both pubhc and private, he has made a
most honorable record, and one that justly
entitles him to the confidence and respect of
aU his fellow-citizens to whom he has proved
by his past career that he is worthy of all
honors they can bestow.
Lieutenant-Governor Woodbury is a mem
ber of the Masonic fraternity in which he
has taken the obligations of the 3 2d de
gree and of the Mystic Shrine. He also
belongs to the I. O. O. F. and the G. A. R.,
the United States Mihtary Order of the
Loyal Legion, the Sons of the American
Revolution, and the Knights of Pythias.
WOODWORTH, ARTHUR WELLING
TON, of Enosburg FaUs, son of WiUiara S.
and Patience S. (Stevens) Woodworth, was
born in Berkshire, May 7, 1823.
After receiving his education at the cora
mon schools of Enosburg he was instructed
by his father in the trade of a carpehter and
joiner, at which he worked tUl he arrived at
his raajority. Soon after he was employed
as an agricultural laborer by Judge Aldis
and Lawrence Brainerd of St. Albans. As he
was prudent and industrious, on his return
to Enosburg he was enabled to invest his
well-earned savings in a farra, to which he

has given most of his attention up to the
present time, raaking a specialty of dairy
ing. When the raUroad reached Enosburg
he was elected a director, and purchasing
sorae tiraber land became heavily interested
in the sale of wood and ties to the corpor
ation. He is a joint owner and manager of
the Lumber Manufacturing Co., at Sarapson-
ville. Mr. Woodworth was married, Nov. 15,
1848, to Adaline T., daughter of Alpheus
and Jane (French) Ladd of Enosburg.
One daughter has been born to them : Lin
nie R. (Mrs. Walter P. Phelps).

ARTHUR WELLINGTON WOODWORTH.
He cast his first presidential vote for
Henry Clay, is an ardent Republican and
has fiUed many responsible positions. Al
ways active in the public affairs of his town
and county, he was elected to the Legisla
ture from Enosburg in 1858 and 1859 and
in 1880 was chosen a senator frora Frank
lin county, serving on many important com
mittees. He was a director of the St. Albans Sav
ings Bank and Trust Co., and is regarded
by aU as a man of sound judgraent and un
doubted integrity, and as one who by his
own unaided efforts has been financially suc
cessful and has lent a helping hand to raany
a fellow-raan in need.
WOOLSON, Amasa, late of Springfield,
son of Asa and Ann Woolson, was born in
Grafton, August 6, 181 1.

440

WOOLSON

WOOSTER.

Receiving a common school education,
Mr. Woolson early displayed remarkable
mechanical ability, and frora the age of
fourteen to thirty-five was engaged at Man
chester and Chester in raanufacturing and
finishing woolen cloths and inventing and
making raachinery suitable for this purpose.
In 1846 he reraoved to Springfield, and here
becarae a raember of the firm of Davidson
& Parks, engaging in the raanufacture of
cloth finishing raachinery. Four years later,
upon the death of Mr. Davidson, the con
cern became Parks & Woolson. thus con
tinuing until 1878, when it was raade a
stock corapany. Mr. Woolson invented and
patented the raost effective shearing raachine
now in use, with a set of twenty-two revolving

AMASA WOOLSON

blades. In 1888 Mr. Woolson, in connec
tion with others, purchased the stock of the
Jones & Lamson Machine Co., of Windsor,
raoved it to Springfield and coraraenced the
raanufacture of raachinists' tools of every
description, but soon devoted their ' efforts
to turret raachinery exclusively, using for
this purpose and patenting several valuable
appliances invented by Jaraes Hartness,
superintendent of the works. The company
is now erecting factories which, when cora
pleted, will double the capacity of the
business. Mr. Woolson never aspired to political pre
ferraent, but for nearly forty years was iden
tified with the business and religious life of
Springfield. At the time of his death he was

deacon of the Congregational church, presi
dent of the Jones & Lamson Machine Co.
and ' of the First National Bank of Sprine-
field. ^
As an inventor he held a high rank, and
was awarded seven preraiuras, consisting of
gold, silver and bronze raedals, at different
fairs in Boston and New York, as well as at
the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia.
He raarried, Jan. 15, 1838, Mary L.,
daughter of John Davidson. Their only
chUd, Helen M., died in infancy, and her
mother departed this life a few months later.
He was again united to Mary E., daughter
of Aaron and Lettice Baker, July i, 1863.
Four chUdren were born to them, two of
whom survive : Williara D., and Charles A.
WOOSTER, Jay, of Whiting, son of
Benjamin P. and Hannah (Warner) Woos
ter, was born in Whiting, Oct. 23, 1847.
His educational advantages were confined
to the schools of the town and he resolved to
devote himself to the honorable occupation
of a farraer. He has also speculated largely
in live stock, and for several years has been
extensively engaged in purchasing beef cat
tle for the general market.
Mr. Wooster is a very strong Republican
and an enthusiastic upholder of the national
policy of that party. While never seeking
ofifice he has had all the public positions
thrust upon him, which he cared to accept.
For seventeen years he has discharged the
duties of constable.
He was raarried in Whiting, March 31,
1875, to Mary Pond, daughter of Nelson and
Jane Remeley. Frora this union two chil
dren were born : Robert N., and Egbert R.
Mr. Wooster is a typical Vermonter ofhis
class, of powerful frame and of more than
average intelligence. His acquaintance is
extensive and his friends numerous in the
county in which he resides.
He is a Free Mason, afifiliating with
Siraond Lodge, No. 59.
WYMAN, Andrew A., of Athens, son
of Thoraas and Huldah (Gilbert) Wyman,
was born in Rockingham, March 12, 1830.
After receiving his early education in the
comraon schools of Rockingham, followed
by several terms at the Townshend and
Thetford Acaderaies, he taught school in
the surrounding towns during the winter
and was employed on the homestead in sum
mer. For sorae time he acted as salesman
in the grocery store of his brother at Oam
bridgeport, and afterwards purchased a farm
in Athens, removing in 1871 to the old
homestead. Mr. Wyman, at Chester, Oct. 27, 1857,
was united to Martha, daughter of John and
Martha (Davis) Eastman. One chUd, Stella

S., was the issue of this alliance. Mrs.
Wyman died in October, 1881, and he was
.again raarried Nov. 16, 1882, to Abbie A.,
daughter of Everett P. and Electa WeUraan.
He has been prorainently identified in the
affairs of his town, for a long time served as
justice of the peace and selectman, and was
elected assistant judge of the county in 1878
and held the ofifice six years. For four
sessions (1864, 1865, 1867 and 1872) he
represented his town in the Legislature, and
in 1874 was elected a state senator from
Windham county. All these positions he
has fiUed with credit to hiraself and universal
satisfaction to his constituency. In 1890
Mr. Wyman was appointed upon the board
of cattle coraraissioners by Governor Page,
and in 1892 he was elected county cora
raissioner. He is a public-spirited man, always raani
festing liberal ideas.
WYMAN, Cyrus Warren, of Brattle
boro, son of Thoraas and Huldah (Gilbert)
Wyraan, was born in Rockinghara, Dec. 18,
1823.

WYMAN. 44 1
corapelled hira to withdraw frora active busi
ness. For sixteen years subsequently he
gave his services to the Brattleboro Savings
Bank, and for half that tirae he ably acted
as treasurer of that institution.
As religious and teraperance principles
were strongly inculcated in his early youth,
he has always been a strong advocate of
total abstinence and prohibition.
He was united in raarriage, Jan. i, 1848,
to Charlotte Maria, daughter of James and
Elenor Bruce. Of this union there are three
children : Emma F. (wife of E. C. Crosby),
Helen M. (wife of N. D. Allen), and
Annie L.
WYMAN, Martin L., of Gaysville, son
of Anson and Lydia (Hannaford) Wyman,
was born in Poultney, May 3, 1836.

CYRUS WARREN WYMAN.

In the intervals of his labor upon a farra
he received his early education in the cora
mon schools, and afterwards enjoyed the
advantages of instruction in a seminary. In
early life he followed the occupation of a
merchant in his native town, where he held
for six years the position of postmaster. He
then moved to Bratdeboro, and for a long
period continued in trade, untU failing health

MARTIN L. WYMAN.
His education was obtained in the district
schools of Stockbridge and in the public and
evening schools of Boston, Mass. At the age
of fourteen he comraenced to learn the trade
of a machinist at Boston, and was for a tirae
in the eraployment of the Vermont and
Massachusetts R. R. He spent five years at
Fitchburg working at his trade, and after
ward returned to Boston, where he contin
ued till 1 86 1, when, with Charles E. Moore,
he forraed a copartnership to engage in the
raanufacture of aU kinds of experimental
machinery. He was one of the first to en
gage in the construction of passenger ele
vators for hotels and ofifice buUdings, under
the patent of the late Otis Tufts. The name

442

^'OUNG.

YOUNG.

of Mr. Wyman often appears as the patentee
of many useful inventions, raore especiaUy
those appertaining to elevators. He retired
from active participation in business recent
ly, leaving his son, Charles E., to occupy his
place as treasurer and manager of the Moore
& Wyman Elevator and Machine Works.
An adherent of the Republican party, he
has been selectman, auditor, grand juror,
justice of the peace, and trustee of the pub
lic raoney of the town of Stockbridge, from
which he was elected to the Legislature in
1892, being a member ofthe coramittee on
raanufactures. He raarried, Feb. 12, 1856, Lydia B.,
daughter of Eraerson and Ehza (Barrett)
Hardy, of Harvard, Mass. Five children
have been born to thera : AValter E., Charles
E., George R., Martin L., and Ahce M.
Mr. Wyraan is a raeraber of the Massa
chusetts Charitable Mechanics' Association,
and has been alUed with the Masonic frater
nity for raore than thirty years. He is now
W. M. of White River Lodge, No. 90, of
Bethel, and belongs to Whitney Chapter, R.
A. M., Haswell Council, and Mt. Sinai Shrine.
He is also a Knight Teraplar of Mt. Zion
Coramandery. YOUNG, JOHN StILLMAN, of Troy, son
of John and Sophia (Pike) Young, was born
in Jay, March 6, 1845.
His education was received in the public
and grararaar schools of Jay, AVestfield, and
Troy, after which he taught several terms of
school ; he then entered Bryant & Stratton's
Business College, at Burlington, from which
he graduated in a shorter time than any pre
ceding pupil. He studied law with his
brother-in-law at Derby Line for awhile, but
concluding the raercantUe business would be
raore congenial, he went to Boston, and en

gaged in book-keeping for about two years
and in 1 8 7 1 entered into partnership with L.P.
Jaraes in a general store in Troy. After being
in business one year he sold out to his part
ner and again returned to Boston, where he
remained for two years, but on account of ill-
health returned to Verraont. After a short
connection with the Reed Boot and Shoe
Manufacturing Co. in Westfield he purchased,
in the faU of 1875, a general mercantile es
tablishment in Troy, which he has operated
to the present tirae. In 1891 his store was
consumed by fire, but the foUowing season he
erected one of the finest buildings for the
purpose of trade in Orleans county. He
deals in agricultural implements, furniture
and undertakers' suppUes, besides carrying a
large stock of general merchandise. He has
large real estate interests, and owns the old
homestead in Jay, upon which he was born
and reared.
Mr. Young married, Jan. 25, 1883, Ludelle,
daughter of Albert and Dorcas (Angler)
Hodsden. Till 1886 Mr. Young was a Democrat, but
since then has been a RepubUcan. He has
served the town of Troy in the capacity of
selectman, treasurer, clerk, and auditor for
many years, and frora 1889 to 1893 was the
postraaster of Troy, and in 1893 was elected
chairraan of the board of school directors.
He enlisted at the outbreak of the civil
war, but as he was under age and could not
obtain his father's consent he remained at
horae. He is a raeraber of Masonic Union Lodge,
No. 16, of Troy, and in his rehgious prefer
ences affiliates with the Methodist church.
He possesses rare executive ability, and is
one of the most successful business men in
Orleans county.

PART III.

BIOGRAPHIES OF SONS OF VERMONT.

ALDRICH, Henry O., of Boston, son
of Lyman and Dorothy (Baker) Aldrich, was
born in Hahfax, May 3, 1832. When he was
five years old his parents moved to Guilford,
where they had formerly lived, his grand-

HENRY O. ALDRICH.

father, Otis Aldrich, being one of the early
settiers of that town. About a year later his
father died leaving his mother with a family
of young chUdren, the farm, and other prop
erty, to look after. But with that independ

ent spirit so characteristic of him he resolved
that he would take care of himself and to
that extent relieve his raother's burdens. He
vvas a diligent student in the local schools in
which he gained his education and when
about twenty years of age left the high school
where he was then studying and went to
Boston and entered the eraploy of C. D.
Cobb & Bro. There he remained for about
five years, when he returned to Vermont to
engage in business for hiraseU. Eight or
nine years after, in 1868, he sold out, and
returning to Boston entered into an equal
partnership with his forraer employers. He
has remained with the house ever since and
is now its head, both of the original merabers
of the firm being deceased. Their narae,
however, is retained, the firra name which is
now Cobb, Aldrich & Co. Mr. Aldrich has
been a raost iraportant factor in bringing
its business to its present proportions — the
largest grocery house in the world. He is a
man of tremendous energy and activity, pos
sessing great power as an executive. Systera
has been carried by him to as near perfec
tion as seems attainable and as the buyer for
the house he exhibits shrewdness, judgment
and farsightedness, especially in forecasting
fluctuations in the markets. In 1855 he was
raarried to Bessie A. Phelps, of Halifax, now
deceased, and there were born to thera four
sons — two of whom are now living, one being
associated with his father in business, the
other occupying a responsible position with
the Conveyancer's Title Insurance Co., of
Boston. Mr. Aldrich is a valued raeraber
of the Algonquin Club, the Bunting Club,
the Boston Chamber of Comraerce and the
Y'erraont Association of Boston. He is also
connected with the Masonic order, the
Knights of Honor and other societies.

BARRETT, JOHN, U. S. Minister and
Consul General to Siara, youngest son of
Hon. Charies and Caroline (Sanford) Bar
rett, was born in Grafton Nov. 28, 1866.
His grandfather, Capt. John Barrett, was one
of the conspicuous men of Grafton for many
years, and his father, Hon. Charies Barrett,

who died in 1892, had served both Grafton,
as its representative in the Legislature, and
the county, as State Senator, with honor and
distinction. From his father, Mr. Barrett
inherited the gift of ready speech and argu
mentative ability, and at an unusually early
age he had given evidence of great facihty

BENTON.

BENTON.

in pubhc debate. Leaving the pubUc schools
at Grafton, young Barrett attended Verraont
Acaderay several terras and then went to the
Worcester (Mass.) Acaderay, fitted for Dart
raouth, and graduated from that college in
1889. Then he went to California and
taught for a short period in Hopkins Acad
emy, at Oakland. His next position was
that of associate editor of the Daily Asto-
rian, at Astoria, Ore., for a few raonths. He
finally located at Portland, Ore., where he
was city editor of the Evening Telegrara up
to the tirae of his appointment as Minister
to Siara. Mr. Barrett is looked upon as the
leading young Deraocrat of Oregon. He
was one of the organizers of the Young
Men's Democratic League, of Oregon, was
its secretary for two years, and afterward
its vice-president. He has been president
of the Democratic League of Portland, and
was a delegate to two Democratic State con
ventions, once serving as secretary of that
body. He was one of the alternate dele
gates frora Oregon to the Deraocratic Na
tional convention that norainated Cleveland,
and during this carapaign vvas very active in
behalf of the Deraocracy and raade many
stump -speeches for the party. For his polit
ical work he was honored by Pres. Cleve
land with the appointment of U. S. Minister
to Siara, for which country he sailed in
April, 1894, receiving just before his depart
ure a coraplimentary banquet by the Dem
ocratic League of Portland. While in Port
land Mr. Barrett was a member of several
social and fraternal organizations, among
thera the Asserably Club, the Royal Arca
num and the Knights of Pythias. He was
extreraely popular in Portland and is es
teeraed very highly by everybody there, irre
spective of party afifihations. He bears the
distinction of being the youngest man
appointed by President Cleveland to an
iraportant foreign post. His mother and
an elder brother are now residents of Free-
port, IU.
BENTON, EVERETT C, of Belmont,
Mass., son of Judge Charles E. and Adda
C. Benton, was born in Guildhall, Sept. 25,
1862. His father was one of the promi
nent raen of Essex county and for raany
years held the ofifice of county clerk, being
also at the tirae of his death judge of probate.
The Bentons carae from good old revolu
tionary stock, Mr. Benton's paternal great
grandfather having been a captain in the
Continental Array under Gen. Washington,
at Valley Forge, and his maternal great
grandfather was a meraber of Capt. Johnson's
Minute Men and present at the capture of
Fort Ticonderoga. His Vermont ancestors
were a sturdy family and prominent in the
early history of the state.

In early youth Mr. Benton attended the
public schools of his native town and the
Colbrook and Lancaster Academies in New
Hampshire. At the age of fourteen he was
appointed a page in the Vermont senate and
his political career may be said to have
begun at that time. He was next clerk to
the secretary of state for two years and then
deputy county clerk of Essex county for four
years. Going to Boston in 1882 he entered
the insurance business, in which he is stiU
engaged, being connected with the establish-

EVERETT C. BENTON.
ment of John C. Paige. During his residence
in Massachusetts he has taken an active
interest in politics, and has held various
political offices. For a nuraber of years he
has been a member of tbe town RepubUcan
committee of Belmont; in 1890 he was
elected a raeraber of the Repubhcan con
gressional district committee, in 189 1 a mem
ber of the Republican state committee, in
1892 chairman of committee on towns in
the state committee, and in 1893-4 he vvas
chairraan of the executive committee of the
Republican state committee, and has just
been re-elected to that ofifice for 1895. Dur
ing the state campaign of 1893 Mr. Benton
distinguished hiraself as one of the hardest
workers on the Republican state committee
and when Governor Greenhalge selected his
mihtary faraily he made fitting recognition
of Mr. Benton's exceUent work for his party
by appointing him an aid-de-camp on his
staff with the title of colonel.

BENTON.

BENTON.

Col. Benton is a member of the Republican
Club of Massachusetts and of the Norfolk
Club. He is also a Mason. In Charlestown
January 24, 1885, hewas married to WiUena
Rogers, and of five children born to them
four are living : Jay R., Charles E., Blanche
A. and Dorothy D.
BENTON, Jay B., of Winchester, Mass.,
youngest son of Judge Charles E. and Adda
C. Benton, of GuildhaU, was born in GuUd
haU April 10, 1870. He was educated at

moted to the ofifice of assistant city editor, in
which he distinguished himself as an untir
ing worker and a man of ideas and origi
nality. He reraained with the Transcript
until June, 1894, when he accepted the posi
tion he now fills, that of assistant raanaging
editor of the Boston Journal. In this capac
ity he is largely responsible for the Sunday
edition, in which are to be found many evi
dences of his energy and abihty. He is the
Boston correspondent of the New York
Dramatic Mirror, a popular raember of the
Press Club, the Newspaper Club, and the
Papyrus Club, an organization of literary
men. Mr. Benton is unmarried and resides
at his raother's bome in Winchester.
BENTON, JOSIAH Henry, Jr., of Bos
ton, son of Rev. Josiah Henry and Martha
Ellen (Danforth) Benton, was born in Addi
son, August 4, 1843. His ancestors were of

JAY B. BENTON.
Lancaster, N. H., and at the St. Johnsbury
Acaderay, from which he graduated with
high honors in 1885, being the youngest
member of the class. After leaving St
Johnsbury, young Benton taught school for
a terra or two at Maidstone and then went
to New York city, where, for a year, he fiUed
the ofifice of librarian in the Young Men's
Institute. In 1886, he entered Dartmouth
CoUege, graduating with honors four years
later. While in coUege, Mr. Benton was
editor of The Dartraouth for two years,
president of the Handel society, chorister in
his senior year and assistant librarian of the
coUege for three years. He also became a
member of the Theta Delta Chi fraternity
and of the Phi Beta Kappa society. From
Dartmouth he went to Boston and in the
faU of 1890 joined the staff of the Evening
Transcript, which paper he had represented
as Dartmouth correspondent. For a whUe
he did reportorial work and was then pro-

JOSIAH HENRY BENTON, JR.

Enghsh stock and were among the first set
ders of Connecticut. They were enterpris
ing and patriotic, and more than thirty of
thera served with credit in the Colonial array
during the war of independence. Mr. Ben
ton's grandfather, Sarauel Slade Benton, set-
tied in Vermont about 1800, locating at
Waterford. He married Esther Prouty of
Charlestown, N. H., and they had eleven
chUdren, five daughters and six sons. Of
the sons one became a physician, two cler
gymen, one being Josiah H. Benton, Sr.,

BENTON.

BROWN.

three lawyers, and aU became eminent in
their professions.
J. H. Benton, Jr., studied at the Bradford
(Vt.) Acaderay, and at the New London
Institute, New London, N. H. He served
in the Twelfth Vermont Regiment of Volun
teers in the war for the Union. After the
war he entered the Albany Law School, where
he was graduated, and in 1866 he was admit
ted to the bar. He began his practice in
Bradford, Vt. Later he went to Lancaster,
N. H., where he stayed untU 1873. In 1869
and 1870, he was secretary to the Governor
of New Hampshire; in 1870 and 1872, he
served as clerk of the New Harapshire House
of Representatives. In 1873, he went to
Boston, where he has since lived, and where
he has practiced his profession with briUiant
success. Mr. Benton was general counsel for the
Old Colony Railroad and Steamboat Com
panies frora 1878 up to the tirae of the lease
of the Old Colony property to the New
York, New Haven & Hartford Co , in 1893,
when he became counsel for that corporation
in its Massachusetts interests. Since 1879
he has been a director and counsel for the
Northern raUroad of New Hampshire, and
has been engaged in raost of tbe iraportant
railroad litigation in New Harapshire since
that tirae. His general practice is extensive
and varied, and he is, among his other
important trusts, counsel for the estate of
Frederick L. Ames and also for the Western
Union Telegraph Co. He has for nine years
lectured to the Law School of the Boston
University on the subject of Corporations
and Railroads. In 1894 he was appointed
a trustee for the Boston Public Library In
politics he is a Republican, and is, always
and ever, a wise and public-spirited citizen.
Mr. Benton has varied his busy life by
the preparation of sorae public papers and
addresses of great raerit, araong which raay
be raentioned : "The Veto Power in the
United States, — What Is It?" "Inequality of
Tax Valuations in Massachusetts," "'The Brit
ish Post-Ofifice," "Facts and Figures with
Reference to United States Railroads,"
"What It Is to Flee from Justice," "Influ
ence of the Bar in Our State and Federal
Governraent," "Points in Verraont History,"
and "What Woraen Did for the War, and
What the War Did for Woraen."
Mr. Benton is a member of the Vermont
Association. In his study and in his practice Mr. Ben
ton eraploys the best means for the wisest
ends. Me is a raaster of a pure Enghsh
style, and he has acted, studied, read, and
travelled to great advantage. His life has
been, and is, one of great unselfishness and
of constant progress. His chents find in hira
a wise and courageous counseUor, and his

personal friends rate him as an honest, fear
less, upright gentieman.
BROWN, GEORGE Addison, of Ever
ett, Mass., son of James Smith and Polly M.
(Taylor) Brown, was born in Plymouth Nov.
24, 1854, being the fourth of a family of eight
children, seven of whom are still living.
Mr. Brown's father has been conspicuous in
town affairs for raany years, having been
town clerk, selectraan, justice of the peace,
and he has also represented the town of Ply
raouth in the Legislature. His two brothers
are weU-known merchants in Ludlow and a

GEORGE ADDISON BROWN.
sister, Mrs. Albert J. Holley, of Bellows FaUs,
has achieved quite a local reputation as an
artist. Mr. Brown was educated in the common
schools of Plymouth, the State Normal School
at Randolph, Black River Academy at Lud
low, corapleting preparations for coUege at
KirabaU Union Acaderay, Meriden, N. H.,
graduating in 1873. He then entered Dart
mouth College and graduated with the class
of 1877, ranking the last year second m
scholarship in a class of fifty-two. He re
ceived the general iraproveraent prize of $60,
which is awarded to that member of the
graduating class raaking the raost improve
ment during the college course, and was
twice the first choice of his class for prize
speaking. He was at Harvard Law Schoo
in '77 and '78 and in 1878 became principal

CARPENTER.

CARPENTER.

of the high school at Bellows Falls, which he
taught three years, at the same time contin
uing his legal studies. In 1881 he was
admitted to the Windham County bar, and
opened a law ofifice at BeUows FaUs, con
tinuing in the practice there untU 1891 when
he removed to Everett, Mass., opening an
office in the Ames BuUding, Boston. While
a resident of Bellows FaUs he was three years
chairman of the board of village trustees,
two years chairman of the school board and
was Grand Worthy Patriarch of the Sons of
Temperance of Vermont and a delegate of
that state in 1885 to the Republican anti-
saloon convention at Chicago.
Mr. Brown early exhibited raarked ability
as a public speaker and at the age of sixteen
delivered the Fourth of July oration in his
native town, which attracted considerable
attention and was printed in the local papers.
He has been in great demand as a public
speaker, having given addresses before the
Vermont State Teachers' Association ; a

raemorial on General Grant and President
Garfield ; also Memorial Day addresses at
Brattieboro, Bellows Falls, and many other
places. Since reraoving to Massachusetts he
has built up a large and lucrative law busi
ness, with ofifices in Boston and Everett,
and has becorae well known as a success
ful lawyer and carapaign speaker. When
Everett becarae a city, although having then
been a resident of Massachusetts but one
year, he was appointed city solicitor by
the Mayor, but owing to political consider
ations, failed of confirraation by the board
of alderraen.
Although often urged to become a candi
date for important public ofifices, he has uni
formly declined, preferring to devote his time
to his profession.
He married July, 1877, Flora E. Pierce,
daughter of Edson Pierce and Mary (Barrett)
Pierce, of Springfield, Verraont. He has
three chUdren : Nelson P. Brown, Ruth
Brown and Jaraes B. Brown.

CARPENTER, GEORGE N., of Brook
line, Mass., was born in Northfield, Jan. 26,
1840, his father being Judge Carpenter, one of
the prorainent men of Washington County in
his time and for several years judge of pro
bate. Col Carpenter was educated at the
Northfield and PhiUips Andover Academies
and at the University of Vermont, frora
which he graduated in 1861. At college he
was class president in his senior year, sec
retary and vice president of the Phi Sigma
Nu society and a member of the Delta Psi
fraternity. At the breaking out of the war he
enhsted in the Sth Vermont reg ment, rising
to the rank of captain, receiving later a com
mission as captain of U. S. Volunteers from
President Lincoln. His title of colonel carae
through the appointraent of aid-de-carap on
the staff of Governor DilUnghara of Verraont.
In 1866 Col. Carpenter left Vermont and be
carae a resident of Milwaukee where for a
year he fiUed an editorial position on the
Daily Wisconsin, at the same time serving
the New York Tribune as its Western corre
spondent. Giving up journahsm in '67 he
entered the insurance business, remaining in
the West tiU '74 when he returned East, locat
ing in New York. Three years later he went
to Boston and has since been conspic
uously identified with the insurance interests
of Boston and Massachusetts. He is widely
known as the manager of the Massachusetts
Mu ual Life Insurance Company and also as
an entertaining and thoroughly posted
speaker on insurance topics. He has held
many positions of honor and trust, has been,
in turn, secretary, vice president and presi-
(Jeqt of the Boston Life Underwriters' Assoc

iation, first president of the National Assoc
iation of Life Underwriters and of which he
was one of the founders and now is a life
member of the executive committee. He
was interested in the formation of the Ver
raont Association of Boston and was a raera
ber of the executive coraraittee and its treas
urer for six years. He has been vice presi
dent and president of the Verraont Veteran
Association of Boston and is a member of
the railitary order of the Loyal Legion and
Grand Array of the Republic. In politics he
is Republican. He has been chairman of the
Brookline Repubhcan town committee and
president of the Republican club of Brook
line and is now a raeraber of the election
coramittee of the Republican Club of Massa
chusetts. He has been member of the
Republican state committee, serving as treas
urer of the committee in 1893 and 1894. He
represented Brookline in the Massachusetts
Legislature in 1887, '88, '89, '90 and '91 and
was on the coraraittees on insurance (chair
raan) and federal relations. He is interested
in civil service and is president of Brookline
CivU Service Association. He was for many
years a trustee of Norwich University at
Northfield and is now a member of the
school coraraittee of Brookhne. Col. Car
penter was raarried to Agnes Williaras at
Araherst, Mass., April 27, 1866, and three
children, Edward H., a graduate of Harvard
in '93, and two daughters, are the result
of the union.
CARPENTER, Orrin H., of Maiden,
Mass., son of Henry Bradford and Lucy Ann
(Reed) Carpenter, was born in Grafton, Jan.

DARLING.

DARLING.

17, 1861. He was named after his grand
father, who was a well known and conspicu
ous resident of Kirby, Vt. The family is
descended from Williara Carpenter, who
came to this country in 1638 frora Wherwell,
Eng. During his early youth young Car
penter worked on a farra and attended the
viUage school untU old enough to enter the
high school at Bellows Falls, from which he
graduated, finishing his education at PhiUips
Exeter Academy. Then he read law with
Hon. C. B. Eddy, at Bellows Falls, and was
adraitted to the Vermont bar when just past

S#i ^

ORRIN H. CARPENTER.

his 2 ist year. During his law studies at Bel
lows FaUs he became engaged in newspaper
work as correspondent for the Boston Globe
and as local reporter for several weekly
papers. Through his newspaper work he
became acquainted with the late E. C. Car-
rigan, who induced hira to go to Boston for
the purpose of greater opportunity for study,
and during a course at the Boston University
Law School, he taught in the evening high
school for three years. After a year in the
ofifice of Ex-Gov. Gaston, he was admitted,

in 1884, to practice in the Supreme Judicial
court of Massachusetts, and in '93, in the
United States Circuit Court. Since his ad
mission to the bar, he has been in constant
practice and is associated with William War
ren Towle, vvith ofifices at 10 Tremont street,
Boston. His practice has been mostly de
voted to corporation law and insolvency
cases. Since March, '92, he has been city
solicitor for Maiden, the place of his resi
dence. As corporation counsel he has had
to defend a great raany accident cases and
he has been remarkably successful in the de
fense of these. In two years he lost but cne
accident suit where he has defended the city.
He was elected chairman of the board of
assessors of Maiden in 1885, and held the
position until he resigned to take the more
iraportant office of city sohcitor. He was
one of the organizers of the Massachusetts
Assessors' Association, and held the ofifice of
chairraan of its executive committee. Mr.
Carpenter is popular personally, profession
ally and socially and has a host of friends.
He is a member of the local clubs in Maiden,
and a meraber of Converse Lodge and the
Royal Arch Chapter of Masons, Melrose
CouncU Royal and Select Masters, Beau
seant Coraraandery Knights Templar, Lodge
of the Eastern Star of Maiden, Aleppo
Temple and Massachusetts Consistory of
Boston. He was raade a Sublime Prince of
the Royal Secret 32d degree at Boston,
April 22d, 1894. He is also a member of
the Vermont Association of Boston. He
was married in 1883 to Mary L., daughter
of Alfred and Lydia Dow of Bellows Falls,
and they have three children. Mr. Carpen
ter has a beautiful horae on one of the finest
streets in the city of Maiden. He has ab
ways been a Democrat, though anon-partisan
in raunicipal affairs. He has been a mem
ber of the Deraocratic city committee of
Maiden, and also a meraber and secretary of
the citizens' committee for the city. In 1887
he was the Deraocratic candidate for repre
sentative to the general court and received a
very flattering vote running ahead of his
ticket in every ward in the city.

DARLING, Charles Kimball, of Bos
ton, son of Hon. Joseph K. and Mary AUce
(Knight) DarUng, was born in Corinth,
June 28, 1864. He received his coUege
preparatory course at the Barre, Vt., Acad
emy and in 1881 entered Dartraouth College,
graduating with the class of '85, He was
also a cadet at the U. S. Military Acaderay
at West Point for nearly two years. After
finishing his education in 1887 he went to
Massachusetts and frora that time tiU 1 80 1 was

engaged in railroad work for the Cheshire
Old Colony and Fitchburg railroads at Fitch
burg, Mass. He then became a member of
the stafif of the Fitchburg Sentinel and con
tinued in the newspaper business for nearly
three years In August, 1893, Mr. Darling
was chosen adjutant general of the Sons of
Veterans, U. S. A., on the staff of Com
mander in Chief J. B. Maccabe and removed
to Boston, entering at the same time the
Boston University Law School with a view of

DOWNS.

DUSTIN.

entering the legal profession. On the ex
piration of his term of ofifice as adjutant
general he vvas appointed editor of "The
early laws of Massachusetts," in the office of
the secretary of the Commonwealth and is
now engaged in this work. Mr. Darling has
had an interesting military career. Soon
after he went from Vermont, he joined the
6th Regt., M. V. M. Promotions followed
rapidly and in Sept., 1887, he was made
sergeant raajor, two years later adjutant and
in 1893, vvas advanced to the rank of raajor,
and now holds that position. He is a prom
inent member of several other organizations,
being secretary ofthe council in chief of the
Sons of Veterans, LI. S. .\., a member of the
Sons of the Araerican Revolutions and of the
Fitchburg Athletic Association. He is also an
Odd Fellow. In politics he is Republican
and has served the city of Fitchburg as a
member of its school board and as clerk of
its comraon council and coraraittees.
DOWNS, HENRY W., of Newton, Mass.,
son of Calvin and Elizabeth Downs, was
born in Jamaica Aug. 29, 1844. He vvas

HENRY W. DOWNS.
educated in the pubhc schools of his native
town, and, up to the breaking out of war,
was employed on his father's farra. He
enlisted at the age of 17 in Company I, Sth
Vermont Volunteers, and immediately went
to the front, serving four years, being mus
tered out as second heutenant. Under But
ler and Banks, in the army of the guU, he

participated in a dozen memorable engage
raents, — Port Jackson, Morganzia Bend and
the taking of New Orleans, — as weU as in
the Red River campaign and the forty-four
days' siege of Port Hudson. Afterward his
regiment was transferred to the army of the
Potomac, and under Sheridan, he took part
in the Shenandoah VaUey carapaign, fought
at Winchester, at Cedar Creek and in several
other less iraportant engagements, being
promoted several tiraes for bravery on the
field. In 1 89 1, Mr. Downs received the
Congressional raedal of honor awarded for
conspicuous gallantry in the battle of Win
chester, where he volunteered and bravely
crossed the field, although exposed to a rak
ing fire, to secure aramunition for the regi
ment, its supply being exhausted. At the
close of the war Mr. Downs went to Massa
chusetts and engaged in business as a silk
raanufacturer, in which he continued tUl
1 89 1, when he entered the dry goods and
importing business on Tremont street, Bos
ton, where he is still located. Mr. Downs is
a conspicuous member of several railitary
organizations, being a member and an ex-
president of the Vermont Veterans' Associa
tion, of Boston, and is now its treasurer ; he
is a past commander of Post 62, G. .\. R ,
of Newton, a member of the Loyal Legion
and of the .-^ ncient and Honorable ArtiUery
Co., of Boston, and is assistant quartermaster
general of the Massachusetts department, G.
A. R. In the Massachusetts Volunteer mili
tia, he has also served with honor in time of
peace, as captain of Company C, 5 th Infan
try. In politics be is an ardent Republican,
has served on the ward and city committees
of Newton, and has been a delegate for
many years to tbe Massachusetts State Re
publican conventions. He was married at
Worcester, Mass., in 1867, to Lovisa B. Raw-
son, and their only child, Arthur W. Downs,
is engaged in business with his father, under
the firm name of the H. W. Downs Co.
DUSTIN, JOHN K., Jr., of Gloucester
Mass., son of John K. and Angeline (Heath)
Dustin, was born in West Topsham Jan. i,
1843. He is a descendant in the sixth gene
ration of Thomas and Hannah (Emerson)
Dustin, noted in the early colonial history
for their exploits with the Indians at the
tirae of the Haverhill massacre in 1697. Mr.
Dustin's father, who was a native of Tops
ham, went to Quincy, Mass., at the age of 21
and learned the trade of stone cutter. His
mother, who was a Topsham girl, also resided
in Quincy awhile and when Mr. Dustin
had laid by enough raoney to buy a farra he
married, returned to West Topsham and
there reraained a number of years, but he
finally gave up farming and returned to
Massachusetts.

FOSTER-EDDY.

FOSTER-EDDY.

At the age of 13, shortly after his raother's
death, John K. Dustin, Jr., had an oppor
tunity to go to Wisconsin where he lived for
a year with an uncle who was engaged in
business The business depression of 1857
brought failure to the uncle, and young Dus
tin returned to Massachusetts and entered
school. About this time his father located in
Gloucester, engaging in the stone cutting bus
iness, and there the family has since resided.
When the war of the rebellion broke out,
Mr. Dustin, Jr , was 18 years old, and, stir
red by the general patriotic impulse, he
enlisted in Company C, 23d Mass Volun
teers, one of the regiraents raised by Senator
Henry WUson, and went to the front in
Noveraber, i86r. At Annapolis the cora
raand was raustered into the United States
service and frora there joined the Burnside
expedition, being engaged in tbe hottest of
the battle at Roanoke Island Feb. 8, 1862,
and also taking an iraportant part in the bat
tle of New Berne. Mr. Dustin was with the
regiraent during its stay in North Carolina
and when it joined the expedition sent for
the first attack on Charleston. The fleet
rendezvoused at St. Helena Island and was in
the North Edisto river at the tirae of the
attack on the forts in Charleston harbor by
the iron clads. A rebel raid on Beaufort
caUed the transports back to Port Royal
frora which place the regiraent was hurriedly
sent back to New Berne and Little Washing
ton to relieve General Foster. In the fall of
1863, Mr. Dustin was taken ill and sent to
the hospital, and when partially recovered
vvas detailed as chief clerk of the hospital,
where he reraained until the expiration of
his terra of service, Oct. 4, 1864.
Returning to Gloucester in broken health,
and seeing the necessity for indoor work,
Mr. Dustin secured a position in the ofifice
of John Pew & Son, producers and wholesale

dealers in fish and salt, the leading firm in
the business. Here he has continued as
employe and partner until the present time.
The business of this firm was founded by
the late John Pew in 1849, and has been
uniformly prosperous. Mr. John Pew died
in 1 89 1, and the firm is now composed of
the sons, Charles H. and John J. Pew, and
John K. Dustin, Jr.
Mr. Dustin has always been recognized as
a temperance raan in principle and practice,
though not of the Prohibitionist party. A
Republican in poUtics, he cast his first vote
for Abrahara Lincoln in his second term.
The only public ofifice held by him was
that of clerk of comraon councU in 1874
and 1875. He has been frequently men
tioned, however, and at various times urged
to accept other ofifices from the Mayoralty
down but the absorbing nature of the large
business of his firm has caused him to uni
forraly decline any public position.
Mr. Dustin has been a meraber of the
Trinity Congregational church since 1872
and active in all its work ; has been mem
ber of the parish coramittee, treasurer of the
church and member of the standing com
mittee. He is also a trustee of the Addison
Gilbert Hospital Corporation, and of the
Gilbert Horae for aged and indigent persons,
treasurer of the Gloucester Fish Drying Co.,
and of the Atlantic Wharf Co., director of
the Gloucester Net and Twine Co., the Glou
cester Safe Deposit and Trust Co., and the
Fisherman's Institute, and vice-president of
the Gloucester Board of Trade.
December 17, 1868, he was married to
Lucy Low Davis of Gloucester. They have-
had nine children, five of whom are living,
four girls and one boy. The oldest was
graduated at Sraith College the present year.
One is now in his junior year at Amherst,
and one at Sraith in her sophomore year.

FOSTER-EDDY, E. J., of Boston, son
of Leonard R. and Jane B. Foster, was born
in Moretown, his father being one of the
conspicuous citizens of that place. As a
boy he attended the public schools up to
the age of 15, when he enlisted as a drum
mer in Co. B of the loth Vermont Regt.,
being one of the youngest to go to the front
from Vermont. Shght and fair and much
¦resembhng a girl, he was given the sou
briquet of "Littie NelUe, or Daughter of the
Regiraent," and vvas a great pet araong the
men of the regiraent. At Conrad's ferry in
'63 the surgeon thought best to send the boy
to the hospital for sorae slight indisposition
but his comrades gave him such a frightful
picture of hospital Ufe that he declined to

go and he reraained with the regiment until
it was raustered out of service. On the or
ganization of the regimental band he joined
it and became proficient as a performer.
He won quite a name for hiraself as a soloist
and stiU has in his possession the alto horn
given him by the regiraent Returning from
war he resuraed his studies with a vievv of
entering the medical profession, was driUed
to some extent in allopathy but afterward at
tended the Hahnemann Homeopathic Med
ical College in Philadelphia, from which he
was graduated, receiving the title of M. D.
Afterward he graduated from the Massachu
setts Metaphysical College, receiving a de
gree of C. S. D., and then began the practice
of his profession in Vermont. He came to

FRYE.

FRYE.

Boston in 1889. The year previous he was
legally adopted, under Massachusetts laws,
by Rev. Mary B. G. Eddy of Boston and
Eddy was added to his former name. He is
known in Boston as Dr. Foster-Eddy. He
is a private student in the Emerson College
of Oratory of Boston, is president of the
National Christian Science Association, a

E. J. FOSTER-EDDY.
member of Stetson post, G. A. R., of Water
bury, in which he has held nearly all the
ofifices, was on the staff of Departraent Cora
mander P. T. Blodgett of the Vermont de
partment, G. A. R., and is a member of the
Vermont Veterans' Association of Boston, of
which he is now president. Dr. Eddy Uves
on Coraraonwealth avenue in one of the
most beautiful homes in Boston.
FRYE, James Nichols, of Brookline,
Mass., son of Capt. David and Betsy (Joslin)
Frye, was born in Concord Oct. 3, 1828. In
him raay be found a type of the sons of Ver
mont, whose ambition has led thera to leave
their native homesteads in search of broader
opportunities of endeavor. The family is of
rugged New England stock. Tracing back
its ancestry, it appears that the first of the
name to come to this country left Basing,
County Hants, England, in 1633, and Mr.
Frye's generation is the tenth of the name in
America. His great-grandfather served from
1755 to 1761 as captain in the colonial ser
vice, and was deacon of the church at Sut

ton, Mass. His grandfather moved from
Royalston, Mass., to Verraont, in 1795, and
his torabstone in the quiet burying-ground
at Concord still bears the inscription : " He
was one of the first settlers in the town of
Concord. He lived respected and died
lamented." Through his raother's Une, Mr.
Frye is connected with the old colonial faraily
of Joslin, araong whose ancestors was Sir
Ralph Joshn, Lord Mayor of London in 1464.
Mr Frye passed his boyhood days upon
the farra whose acres had been wrested frora
the wilderness by his grandfather.
His first education, like that of all New
England boys of the tirae, was in the district
school. This was suppleraented by careful
home-training received at the hands of his
father, whose influence and example did
much to ensure his success in later life.
After the death of his father, in 1843, he
remained for a few years upon the farra, and
then, feehng that the opportunities for edu
cation afforded by his native town were not
all that he would wish, he entered the Acad
eray at St. Johnsbury, and his narae is
borne on the roll of alurani of that institu
tion as of the class of 1849. While studying
there he held a position in the local post
ofifice, and through acquaintances forraed in
this connection, he was tendered a situation
in the wholesale hardware house of Mont
gomery NeweU, then at 83 State street, and
went to Boston in April, 1849 It was char
acteristic of his energy of purpose that he
entered upon his duties on the afternoon of
the day on which he reached the city. From
the very outset, he made the interests of his
employer his own, and in five years he was
adraitted to partnership in the concern, which
dated its begining frora 181 6. The subse
quent changes in the style of the firm were,
1853, WeUs, Coverly & Co. ; 1855, Coverly,
Frye & Co. ; 1858, Coverly, Frye & Knapp ;
from i860 to 1864, during the latter three
years of which period Mr. Frye was sole
partner, Coverly, PYye & Co. ; during the
thirty-one years from 1864 until the present
time, Frye, Phipps & Co.
It is worthy of comment, in these days of
frequent changes and reverses in the com
raercial world, that this concern has raain
tained an uninterrupted and honorable exist
ence for four-score years. It has raet and
surraounted crises during that period, as in
1872, when its estabhshment on Federal
street was obhterated by the "great fire,"
yet within twenty-four hours after its store
went down in smoking ruins, the firm had
re-established itself in new quarters, and had
resuraed its business with undaunted deter
mination. To-day it stands high in its line
of trade, and Mr. Frye has been honoied
with the position of vice-president and raem
ber of the executive council of the Massa-

FRYE.

chusetts State Board of Trade, besides being
the representative in]'that body, of the New
England Iron and Hardware Association, of
which he is an active member.

JAMES NICHOLS FRYE.
From his earUest boyhood, Mr. Frye has
been devoted to open-air sport. He is a
finished woodsman. The Adirondacks, the
Rangeley region, and Moosehead Lake
were familiar ground to him long before
they became the beaten path of the
tourist, and with the late Rev. A. J. Gordon,
D. D., Rev. Dr. Jacob M. Manning, and
W. H. H. Murray, he has caraped,
fished, and hunted in every nook of the
Adirondack wilderness. He was an early
raeraber of the Megantic Club, and upon his
withdrawal frora this organization joined the
Winchester Club, whose garae preserves lie
near Caxton, Canada. He was a raember of
the old Tremont Sportsman's Club, of Bos
ton, one of the pioneer trap-shooting asso
ciations of the country, and was one of the
founders of the widely-known Massachusetts
Rifle Association forraed in 1875. Later he
becarae its president, and on his retireraent
was elected honorary life director. When
Creedraoor vvas the Mecca of American rifle
men he was a yearly attendant at the meet

ings of the National Rifle Association and in
188 1 won the coveted gold medal of the
association by twice scoring, at 200 yards
off-hand, strings of five consecutive bulls-
eyes. At that period this performance was
noteworthy, and its achievement practically
carried with it the Araerican rifle champion
ship for the year. Mr. Frye holds many
trophies that have come through his skill
with rifle and shot-gun, but raore highly than
aU he prizes the unbroken health and the
strength of lirab resulting frora his days spent
in field and forest.
Beyond taking a healthy and active inter
est in national and local affairs, Mr. Frye
has refrained frora entering into political
life. A Vermonter by birth, it hardly need
be said that he has been an unswerving
adherent of the RepubUcan party since its
inception. As early as 1850 he became a
meraber of the Mercantile Library Associa
tion, and he always has given his support to
institutions designed like this to promote
good citizenship. At the outbreak of the
war, finding himself alone in the management
of his business and surrounded by a family
of young children, he was unable to take an
active part in the contest, yet he was an
earnest supporter of the Union cause, and
was one of the organizers of a Home Guard
battalion, in which he served until its dis
bandment. Though for so raany years a resident of
another State, he has never lost his affection
for Vermont. The title of his old homestead
in Concord stands in his name, and while
intensely loyal to Massachusetts he yet claims
that he is still a Vermonter. When the Ver
raont Association of Boston was founded in
1886, he was one of the leading spirits in the
undertaking, and at the present time he is
serving as its vice-president.
Mr. Frye was married at Boston, on Jan.
I, 1854, to Sabina Bacheler, daughter of the
late Origen and Charlotte (Thompson)
Bacheler. His wife is a lineal descendant of
John Alden of Plymouth and " Mayflower "
farae. He has had three children, Charlotte
Maria, Ahce Mary, and James Albert. Of
these, the first is deceased, the second
daughter is the wife of Jaraes E. Leach, Esq.,
of the Suffolk bar, and the son, who is
married to the daughter of Hon. Horatio
Colony, of Keene, N. H., is engaged in
literary work.

GREENE.

GREENE.

GREENE, Reuben, of Boston, son of
Alfred and Clarissa (Sraith) Greene, was born
in Whitingham, February i8, 1817, and
came frora a long hne of sound New Eng
land stock, and of the fourth generation
from Robert Greene, who settled in Wales,
Mass., in 1743. The family is believed to
be of Devonshire origin in England, though
it cannot be traced with certainty back of
Robert Greene. Nathan Greene, son of
Robert Greene and the grandfather of Reu
ben Greene, was one of the earliest settlers
of Whitingham, to which he came in 1 780,
soon after his raarriage to Sarah Shields of
Monson, Mass. Nathan Greene was a
prominent man in the early history of the
town. He had great energy, arabition and
decision of character, which appears in
many of his descendents. He reared a
faraily of eleven children, of whom the sec
ond, Alfred, the father of Reuben Greene,
born in Whitingham Nov. 21, 1783, was the
first male child born in the town.
Reuben Greene received the best educa
tion afforded by the pubhc schools and the
academy of his native town. His raother
was frora a literary faraUy, four of her
brothers being clergymen. His parents and
friends were all anxious that Reuben should
study for the ministry, but the boy's natural
inclinations were toward medical practice,
and, finding that he was determined to be
come a physician, they did not oppose him.
He entered upon the study of medicine
and attended lectures at the College of Phy
sicians and Surgeons in New York city. In
pursuing his studies and becoming more ac
quainted with physicians and their dififerent
modes of practice, and believing there was in
progress a great reform, or advance in medi
cal science, he decided to take his degree at
the Worcester Eclectic Medical College.
After graduating he spent three years in
travel and study, and in 1845 settled in
practice at West Acton, Mass.
In this new field of practice he soon won
the respect and confidence of the people,
and by their special request he was ap
pointed postmaster and justice of the peace.
The young doctor served the people accept
ably in these different capacities, but he
soon recognized the fact that to satisfy his
professional ambition his undivided atten
tion would be required. He tberefore re
signed these ofifices, and ever since has
refused political preferment.
Being ambitious and realizing the fact
that the field of medicine was too vast to be
thoroughly comprehended and developed by
any one raind. Dr. Greene decided, so far as
he was concerned, to divide the practice of
medicine into specialties and confine him
self to the study and treatment of nervous
and chronic diseases.

The success which followed such concen
trated efforts in special practice was won
derful and soon attracted to his ofifice diffi
cult cases frora various parts of the country.
This extraordinary success deraanded a
broader field for his investigations, so he re
moved to Boston in 1850, and established
medical ofifice and laboratories in the heart
of the city, where for nearly forty years he
raaintained a reputation as an erainent phy
sician and a skillful surgeon, with a wide
spread practice throughout New England,
and whose monument is now the enormous
medical practice of his sons at 34 Temple
Place, Boston. It wiU thus be seen that Dr.
Greene was one of the first to recognize the
fact that the practice of medicine was too
large and too coraprehensive to be erabraeed
in the study and practice of one man. In
other words, he was one of the founders in
establishing specialties in medical practice.
Dr. Greene has manifested some literary
talent and has written much on topics con
nected with his profession. His style is
simple and straightforward with a faculty of
forceful illustration and weight of sincerity
and earnestness that raake his writing espe
cially efifective. His best known work is
"The Problera of Health," published in
1876, but besides he is the author of raany
rainor articles that have appeared in para-
phlet forra and in medical journals on dif
ferent diseases and their treatment. In 1885
he published a genealogical sketch of the
Greene family.
Dr. Greene is a member of the United
States Medical Society and of the New
England Medical Society of Specialists. He
is a meraber of the Verraont Association,
but he has never joined any of the secret
societies, although he has always been an
active worker in the various benevolent en
terprises of the day. He was present at
Whitinghara's centennial celebration in Au
gust, 1880, and, as a native of the town, was
called upon and raade one of the happiest
speeches of the day. He has always been a
strong teraperance raan, having never used
tobacco or alcoholic hquors, and his thought
ful and earnest articles on teraperance and
against the use of alcohohc stiraulants as
raedicines have been producti-^-e of much
good. He claims that alcohol is neither food nor
medicine. " It cannot add one molecule to
the plasm out of which our bodies are daily
built up," he says. "Alcohol stiraulants raay
serve a purpose in bridging over attacks of
sinking and prostration, and physicians may,
and often do, interpret such momentary ex
altation as favorable to hfe and health, and
so continue their use. Alcohol may keep
up an excitement of the system for a time,
but it cannot nourish or sustain the vital

'^''^^m '•%

REUBEN GREENE.

HALBERT.

HANLEY.

force. Alcohol may spur a weary brain or
nerve a feeble arm to undue exertion for a
time, but its work is destructive and not
constructive." Dr. Greene is a weU preserved old gentle
man, as wiU be seen by the accompanying
likeness, and although 78 years old, retains
much of the vigor and sound comraon-sense
which have won for him the remarkable
success of his life.
He retired from active practice Jan. i,
1884, leaving his extensive business to his
sons, and now he is enjoying a weU-earned
leisure in the serene sunset days of a life so

largely devoted to the welfare of his fellow
men. Dr. Greene has been twice raarried, first,
Oct. 30, 1842, to Lydia Waste of Whiting
ham, who died June 14, 1868, and second,
July 6, 1S69, to Rebecca L. Tilton, who
died Aug. 17, 1893. His first wife bore him
eight children, of whom six survive.
Three of his sons are engaged in the prac
tice of raedicine in Boston, and another is a
dentist in Worcester, Mass. His daughter,
Ella, raarried Dr. Albert J. Marston, of Phil
adelphia, Pa. Flora, the younger, raarried
Geo. W. Armstrong, of Boston.

HALBERT, VERNON W., of Boston, son
of John RusseU and Eunice S. Halbert, was
born on March 3, 1843, at Fairfax, Frankhn
county. Mr. Halbert, Sr., was one of the
prominent raen in that section and for 16
years fiUed the office of postraaster at Fair
fax, where the son received his early educa
tion in the district school, finishing in the
New Hampton Institute, in the sarae town,
then a Baptist school of prorainence. Mr.
Halbert left home at the age of 1 7 and went
to Galesburg, III. At the breaking out of
the civil war the young Vermonter enlisted
in the 17th Illinois regiment and served with
this command during the first 14 months of
the rebeUion. His regiraent joined the first
expedition down the Mississippi river, under
command of Gen John C. Fremont, partic-
cipated in the battles of Forts Henry and
Donaldson, Shiloh, and was with the victors
at the evacu ition of Corinth. At the end of
14 months' service he was mustered out and
returned east. In 1863 Mr. Halbert again
responded to the caU of his country, re-
enhsting in the gallant 6th Verraont regi
ment and was detailed into the old Vermont
Brigade band. In this regiraent he served
throughout the war, his entire war record
covering a period of three years and two
months. At the close of the war Mr. Halbert re
turned to Vermont and entered the era
ploy of the Central Verraont railroad. Be
ginning as brakeman, he worked up through
the various departments of railroading to the
position of conductor, and in the seven years
that he served in this capacity he ran trains
upon every division of the Central Vermont
and consequently becarae well known to
thousands of Verraont people. Frora con
ductor Mr. Halbert was proraoted to the
ofifice of eastern passenger agent of the
Northern Transit corapany, which operated
steamers on the great lakes between Ogdens
burg, N. Y., and Chicago, IU., and later be
carae general passenger agent, altogether

serving five years with this corapany. In
1 88 1 Mr Halbert went to Boston and has
since been connected with the Fitchburg
railroad as eastern passenger agent of the
Hoosac Tunnel route, a position of rank and
responsibihty. Mr. Halbert still retains a
warm interest in Vermont and its afifairs.
He has long been a meraber of the Vermont
Association of Boston, and Mrs. Halbert
(Olive A Randall), fourth daughter of Sara
uel and OUve RandaU, of Richmond, Vt., to
whora he was raarried on Noveraber 4, 1867,
is a raember of the Daughters of Vermont
Association. Mr. Halbert is eligible to raera-
bership in the Sons of the Revolution, his
great grandfather, James Halbert of Pelham,
Mass., having fought for independence in
the revolutionary war.
HANLEY, Thomas H., of Boston, son
of Lawrence and Ellen Hanley, was born in
St. Albans Dec. 14, 1862. Being ambitious
to earn his own living, young Hanley lef .
his studies at the age of 10 and started out
as a bread winner and with a strong deter
mination to make his raark in the world.
He first secured a position as bell-boy in the
Welden House in St. Albans, and in tbis
capacity, won the good will and friendship
of some of the Central Vermont railroad
ofificials who resided in the house, and who
had been attracted to the boy by his bright
ness and natural business instinct. They
kept their eyes on hira and a year or two
later in Septeraber, 1879, when there was a
vacancy in one of the railroad ofifices he
became an employe of the raUroad company.
The opening in the Central Verraont ofifices
was his opportunity and he seized it. His
career since as a railroad man has been one
of rapid advancement, for, in less than a
dozen years, he had risen frora ofifice boy to
his present responsible position of New Eng
land passenger agent of the Central Verraont
systera. Frora boy in the general auditing
departraent, he was, in 1880, proraoted to

LAKE.

LAKE.

the position of entry clerk in the ofifice of
the general passenger agent and later was
successively distributing clerk, chief clerk in
the ticket department and rate and division
clerk of the general passenger department.
Having won a high place in the estimation
of the ofificials of the road, he was, in June,
1887, sent to Boston as assistant ticket agent,
and later was placed in full charge of the
Boston ofifice. In April, 1890, further ad
vancement carae in the appointraent as New
England passenger agent with control of all
the agencies in New England. In this posi
tion Mr. Hanley has shown raarked ability,
he has inspired the confidence and respect
of the public and has also done rauch to
advance the raaterial interests of the road he
represents. Outside of business he is a man
of wide popularity, being the possessor of
raany fine social qualities, and he is a musi

cian of more than local renown. He has a
tenor voice of remarkable range and quality
which has been heard at the rausical con
ventions in Verraont as weU as at many pub
lic gatherings at Boston. In 1884, at Rut
land, Mary Howe, the Brattleboro songstress,
and Mr. Hanley sang together at a compli
mentary concert given in their honor "as
representative singers of the State of Ver
raont." He is a raeraber of the Vermont
Association, the ApoUo Club, a musical
organization, of the Clover Club, of Boston,
and since January of the present year has held
the ofifice of president of the RaUroad and
Steamboat Agents' Association, of Boston.
He was married Oct. 20, 1886, to Caroline
Foster, of St. Albans, a granddaughter of
Hon. Bradley Barlow, and of three chUdren
born to the couple, one is now living. Mr.
Hanley resides at Boston Highlands.

LAKE, Henry E., of Keene, N. H., son
of Clark S. and Mary (Campbell) Lake, was
born in Rockingham, Dec. 11, 1852, on the
old Lake homstead farm two miles west of

HENRY E. LAKE.

Saxtons River village. He is descended
frora English and Scotch ancestors, Daniel
Lake, his paternal ancestor in this country,
who settled in Saxtons River five generations
ago, being an Englishman, while through

his mother he traces relationship with the
noted family of Campbells of Scotland. Mr.
Lake was educated in the town schools,
and at the Black River and Kimball Union
Academies. After leaving school, he taught
day schools for several terms, and then
went to Boston and studied vocal music at
the New England Conservatory and with
prominent private teachers. Returning to
Vermont, he becarae a teacher of music and
had classes in a large number of Vermont
and New Hampshire towns and also gave
instruction in several public schools and
academies. His vocal attainments secured
for him, in 1883, the position of tenor and
chorister in the Second Congregational
Church in Keene, and the following year he
located perraanentiy in that city, opening a
rausic store, which, on account of increasing
business, has several tiraes been enlarged,
and is now one of the raost complete estab
lishments of the kind in New Hamp
shire, with patrons scattered throughout
New England. A man of sterUng in
tegrity, Mr. Lake has won an enviable
reputation for fair and honorable deaUng
and that he is highly esteeraed by his feb
low citizens is attested by the numerous
honors that have been bestowed upon him.
Before Keene became a city he held the
office of selectman for three years, while
under a city government he has twice been
elected a councilman, serving with honor in
this capacity in 1893-94. As a musician
Mr. Lake has attained a conspicuous place
and a noted rausical critic has said of him
that bis singing is not excelled even in the
larger cities. As a chorus driU master and
conductor he has been very successful, and
from Carl Z errahn, the erainent dhector and

MERRIFIELD.

MERRIFIELD.

musician, has received several pleasant and
deserved compliraents, Z errahn once say
ing of an oratorio produced under Mr.
Lake's direction that he should not be
asharaed to give it in Boston Music Hall
without furth'ir rehearsal. Since 1890 Mr.
Lake has been vice-president for Cheshire
County of the New Hampshire State Music
Teachers' Association, is president and one
of the rausical directors of the Keene Choral
Union, is chairman of the executive cora
mittee of the Cheshire County Musical Asso
ciation, and, as remarked by a gentleman

when introducing hira to a stranger, " the
indefatigable worker in all musical events."
He continues to be director of the Second
Church choir in Keene and is a meraber of
the Masonic, Odd Fellows, Red Men and
Golden Cross orders and of the Y. M. C. A.,
of which he was director at the tirae of the
erection of the handsome new Y. M. C. A.
building in Keene. Mr. Lake was raarried
to Virginia I. Wilkins, of Londonderry, Sept.
14, 1876, and of three children born to
thera two boys, Henry C. nnd Clarence R.,
are living.

MERRIFIELD, EDWARD L., of New
York City, son of Lyraan and Hannah Mer
rifield, was born in Jamaica, March 17, 1835.
He received his education in the town

EDWARD L. MERRIFIELD.
schools of Jamaica and at Leland's Serai
nary at Townshend. In 185 1, when only 16
years of age, he left horae to go to New
York to seek his fortune. He had not a
dollar when he arrived there, but he had
what was better than raoney — a stout heart,
a saving disposition, and a determination to
succeed. He took hold of the first thing
that presented itself, and in four years he
was running a cordage business of his own.
He prospered and within a short time had

the largest business in this line in New York.
In 1868, in order to protect a loan he had
made, he had to take upon hiraself the raan
ageraent of the Continental Hotel. Though
totally inexperienced in hotel raatters, his
business instinct soon told hira how the
hotel should be conducted to be made a suc
cess. The different departments were organ
ized on a business basis, and frora a poorly
conducted hotel it became one of the best in
the city. He retained the manageraent of
this hotel until 1876, when it was burned to
the ground By this tirae Mr. JMerrifield
had becorae a thorough hotel-keeper, and
his next venture was in a hotel at Twentieth
street and Broadway, which he rechristened
"The Continental." Though this hotel had
brought financial disaster upon all his pre
decessors, yet he soon had it on a paying
basis, and made it a great source of profit to
himself. When this lease expired, in 1890, he
secured its renewal and furthermore increased
the hotel's capacity. As the Continental
now stands, it covers ten city lots, and con
tains 300 rooms.
Besides his hotel connection, Mr. Merri
field is a director in one of the largest
national banks of New York, vice-president
of a savings bank, and financially interested
in other enterprises in New York and else
where. He has done much to help bring
the Hotel Men's Association of New York
City to its present degree of prosperity and
he has been its president for the past six or
seven years. He is a conspicuous member
of the New York State Hotel Association and
of the Hotel Men's Mutual Benefit Associa
tion of the United States.
Mr. Merrifield was raarried in 1863 to
EUen L. Farrar, of Townshend, Vt., and two
children have blessed the union, Carrie H.
and Mark E., and the latter is growing up
in the footsteps of his father as a hotel

NILES.

NILES.

NILES, EDWARD S., of Boston, Mass.,
son of Nathaniel and Mary (Fish) NUes,
was born in Halifax, in 1853. The Niles
faraily is of Welsh origin and Dr. Niles is a
descendant in the seventh generation of John
Niles, the comraon ancestor of the Nileses
in America, who settled in Dorchester, Mass.,
in 1634. Branches of the family located in
Braintree, Mass., and in Rhode Island, Con
necticut and Verraont. In 1789, Oliver
Niles, grandfather of Dr. Niles, settied in
what is now West Halifax. Nathaniel, his
son, who was a farraer and conspicuous in
church affairs, married in Halifax, and was a
resident of the town aU his life. His wife
was a descendant of Samuel Fish, who came

EDWARD a. NILES.
to this country frora Saxony about the sarae
tirae as the Nileses, and settled in Salera,
Mass. His family, like that of John Niles,
branched out into Connecticut, Rhode Island
and Vermont. Nathaniel Niles was the
father of a faraily of seven children, four
sons and three daughters, of whora four are
living, Jaraes P., a dentist in Watertown,
Mass. ; Adora, who is the wife of Will Carle
ton, the poet and author ; Survier Clark,
wife of Dr. J. M. Clark, of North Adaras,
Mass. ; and Edward S.
Dr. Niles was educated at Brattleboro, and
from there went to Philadelphia where he
attended a business college, finally becoming
a clerk in the ofifice of the German consul.
Next he was a travelling salesman for two
years and at the age of 23, he took up the

study of medicine with a brother-in-law in
North Adaras, Mass., going from there to
Northarapton, where he began the study of
dentistry in the ofifice of Dr. W. H. Jones,
and for a tirae had charge of his ofifice. In
the faU of 1878, he went to Boston, entered
the Harvard Medical School, and two years
later graduated frora the dental department
with the degree of D.M.D. The same year
he established an ofifice on Boylston street,
Boston, where he is stiU located in that por
tion known as Copley square. Dr. Niles
has been remarkably successful in a profes
sional way, has a select clientage and has
prospered financiaUy. He has made a spe
cial study of what is known in dentistry as
the chemistry of decay, was the first to
demonstrate the presence of the phosporic
acid in dental cavities, and explain the uses
and manufacture of phosphate fillings. His
experiments in this Une have been of great
value to the profession. He has written
besides a great deal for medical and dental
publications, and has read papers before all
of the following organizations, of which he is
a meraber : Araerican Acaderay of Dental
Science, New York Odontological Society,
American Dental Association, Mass. Dental
Association, Connecticut VaUey Dental Soci
ety, Harvard Odontological Society, and the
International Medical Congress. At the ses
sion of the International Congress, held in
Berlin, Germany, in 1891, to which Dr. Niles
was a delegate, he was one of the four den
tists who were invited to Potsdam as guests
of the Emperor. Outside of his profession.
Dr. Niles is greatly interested in the work of
the Hebrew Messianic CouncU, an organiza
tion for the proraotion of Christianity among
Jews, of which he is the originator and
founder, as well as director. Associated with
hira in this work, which has been the means
of bringing raany of the Hebrew faith into
the acceptance of Christian truth, are such
men as D. L. Moody, Rev. A. J. Gordon,
Rev. Alex McKenzie, and RusseU Sturgis.
Dr. NUes has written a book entitied " Ex
perience of Christian Teaching Among the
Jews of New England frora 1889 to 1894,"
which has reached its second edition, and
has in print a book entitled "Times and
Seasons of the Messiah."
Dr. NUes is an active meraber of the
Clarendon Street Baptist Church, is a life
raember of the Boston Y. M. C. A., and also
clairas raembership in the Vermont Associa
tion of Boston, and the Congregational and
.Art Clubs. He was raarried AprU 15, 1881,
to Elizabeth P. Wright, of Northampton,
Mass., daughter of William H. Wright, a
descendant of one of the founders of that
city, and has an interesting family of five
children, Eliot W., Helen Adora, Nathaniel
W., David Sands, and Ruth Elizabeth.

POWERS.
POWERS, James L., of Maiden, Mass.,
son of Loren and Jane (Oakes) Powers, was
born in Athens Feb. 19, 1852. His ances
tors on both sides were descended from the
early Enghsh settlers of Massachusetts. A
great grandfather, Abrahara Farrington, was
a private in the Suffolk regiment in the

JAMES L. POWERS.

Rhode Island expedition of 1780 and an
other great grandfather, Nathaniel Oakes, of
Bolton, Mass. was at the battle of Lexing
ton. Seth Oakes, grandfather of Mr. Powers,
was one of the first settlers in Athens, locat
ing there in 1 780.
After going through the common schools

REYNOLDS.
of his native to-\vn, Mr. Powers attended the
academy at Chester and read law with
Winslow S. Myers and the late C. B. Eddy
at BeUows Falls. He was a soUtary student
at the coraraon school, the academy and in
the study of the law No classes seeraed to
fit his case. But with the indoraitable per
severance that has marked his whole course
he kept at it, conquered all difficulties and
shaped hiraself into the weU-read and well-
trained lawyer of today. WhUe at school he
had to pay his own way, earning the raoney
in the suraraer for educational use in the
winter. The driest law books were studied
in his last winter in Vermont whUe he was
chopping cord wood in the deep snow in the
woods in his native town. He would chop
until he was warm and then read untU
he was cold Going to Boston, he exarained
the workings of the law schools and con
cluded to keep out of thera and study alone.
He was the last raan who was exarained
alone and orally in the old-fashioned way
for adraission to the Boston bar. He went
to the city an entire stranger and searched
the town over for a chance to read law, and
finally entered the ofifice of Burbank & Lund,
where he continued his law studies. He
was adraitted to the Suffolk bar March 13,
1874, opened an ofifice at once, and ever
since his rise has been steady and gratify
ing. SociaUy his connections are raany and
pleasant. As a business man he has ac
quired a handsome competence, which he
has largely invested in real estate. He is an
Odd Fellow, an enthusiastic canoist, being a
meraber of the Araerican Canoe Associa
tion, the Vesper Boat Club of Lowell, the
Dedham Boat Club, the Social Law Library
of Boston, the Society of the Sons of the
American Revolution and the Verraont As
sociation of Boston.
He wedded Mary E. Davis of Conway,
N. H., and two children bless their lives,
Blanche and Dwight, both in their teens.

REYNOLDS, JOHN F., of Boston, son
of George A. and Mary Reynolds, was born
in Berkshire, Oct. 15 1863, and was one of
seven brothers, aU of whom located in Bos
ton. His father was a farmer and the
duties that usually faU to the lot of a Ver
mont farraer's son were his during his boy
hood. He had the advantages of the town
schools up to the age of 12, when he left
home and gravitated toward Boston. His
first work on Massachusetts soil was in Lex
ington, where he engaged to a farmer, but
reraained only a short time. He then went
to Boston and turned his hand to the first
thing that presented itself in the form of em

ployraent and did various kinds of work
until he had an opportunity to go into
Brigham's restaurant. There he reraained
five years, working up frora one of the least
responsible positions in the restaurant to the
head of the steward's departraent, in which,
because of his conspicuous abihty, he at
tracted the attention of Messrs. HaU and
Whipple, then proprietors of the Adaras
House and Young's Hotel. They finally
offered hira the position — which he accept;ed
— of assistant steward at Young's, and after
ward he fiUed the sarae position at the
Adaras House. Later he was proraoted to
steward at the Adaras, continuing there until

SANDERSON.

ROBINSON.

1889, when he had an opportunity to branch
out as the proprietor of a hotel of his own.
That year he began to remodel the old In
ternational Hotel, adjoining the Park Thea
tre, which was reopened under the new
name of Hotel Reynolds. He was success-

JOHN F. REYNOLDS,
ful in this venture, and in 1892 a large addi
tion was made, giving it a large frontage
and an entrance on Boylston street. The
Reynolds now has 250 rooms and still another
addition is contemplated, which wiU make it
one of the very largest houses in ihe city.
Mr. Reynolds has never afifiUated himself with

clubs or organizations of any kind. He has
devoted hiraself to his business most assidu
ously and has indeed had a remarkably suc
cessful career for so young a raan.
ROBINSON, Wallace F., of Boston,
president of the Boston Charaber of Com
raerce, was born in Reading, Dec 22, 1834.
He was educated in the public schools of his
native town, and at the age of 22 went to
Boston. He first worked for John P. Squire
lV Co., in Faneuil Hall Market, and Sept. i,
1855, started in business on his own account
at 77 South Market street. There he re
raained for thirty-nine years up to the time
of his retirement, the present year. For the
greater portion of the time his brother,
Charles H. Robinson, was also a raember of
the firra.
Mr. Robinson served in the Boston com
raon councU in 1871-72, and was a member
of the House of Representatives from Ward
II (now Ward 18) for 1874-75.
He was a charter raember of the Produce
Exchange, and its president in 1885-86, at
the time of its consolidation with the Com
mercial (old Corn) Exchange, and the estab
lishment of the Boston Chamber of Com
raerce. He is one of the best known and
most esteemed members of the chamber.
Few business men in the community have so
large a circle of acquaintance, particulariy
araong business raen.
Modesty and sociabiUty are two of his
shining characteristics, and they have en
deared hira to all his associates.
He is a meraber of the Algonquin Club
and the Merchants' Club, and president of
the Consolidated Hand Method Lasting Ma
chine Co.
Mr. Robinson is raarried, his wife being a
Reading girl, and lives on CommonweaUh
avenue.

SANDERSON, CHARLES WESLEY, of
Boston, son of David and Lucy (Elwell)
Sanderson, was born in Brandon, in 1835.
Mr. Sanderson, Sr., was a raan of affairs at
Brandon and took a prorainent part in local
politics and in the town governraent. Mrs.
Sanderson was descended frora an old and
distinguished Massachusetts family— the El-
wells of Dudley — and from her the son in
herited unusual talents for the arts of music
and painting. In his teens he left home,
with a few dollars in his pocket, for Frank
lin, Vt., where he had been engaged by Gov.
Farnham, who was the principal of the then
flourishing institution of that town, to take
charge of the musical and art department.
He becarae very popular as an instructor

and was thus eraployed two years. During
this time young Sanderson had saved enough
from his earnings to go to Boston and put
himself under the best raasters of the piano
forte, in 1855. He becarae known as one
of the foremost instructors of that instru
ment at Boston, which profession he fol
lowed successfully for upwards of twenty
years. With a disabled wrist from over
practice, which difificulty became serious, he
felt the time had come to reUnquish the
pianoforte and take up what was his
first love — painting In 187 1 he went
abroad for travel and study; worked for a
tirae in the English Water Color School at
London; afterwards visited Paris and en
tered the atelier of JulUen, under the direct

SANDERSON.

SPEARE.

instructions of Boulanger and Lefebre, for
the season of 1872. He worked assiduously
and for his proficiency in drawing from the
nude was admitted to the Ecole des Beaux
Arts, with a scholarship for three years.
Death in his family hastened his return to
America. Years after he went abroad again,
and placed hiraself under the instructions of

frora Europe and America. Mr. Sanderson
is a meraber of the Art and the Twentieth
Century Clubs and of the Verraont Associa
tion. He has been professor of art at Wel-
lesley CoUege, has lectured on art topics at
Carabridge and at different schools in Bos
ton and has written raore or less for years
on music and art for the Boston papers.
He has illustrated an edition of selections
from LongfeUow's poems, besides doing oc
casional illustrations for various magazines.
He is the owner of Camp Liana, at Lake
Dunraore, where he has passed raany sum
mers. For two years past he has sumraered
at his villa in Northern Michigan, " Casa
del Mare," at Cedar Falls, in the town of
Harbor Springs, where, with his sisters,
Rachel Sanderson Cuttiso and EUza San
derson Leavitt, he intends passing the sura-
raers hereafter.
SPEARE, AldeN, of Newton, Mass., son
of Sceva and Jane (Merrill) Speare, was born
in Chelsea, Oct 26, 1825. He attended the
public schools in Chelsea in early youth and

CHARLES WESLEY SANDERSON.
Van Borselen and Mesdag at the Hague for
a s'hort season, thus raodifying his style to a
certain extent. His style is said to partake of
the different schools, therefore, versatile, but
nevertheless individual. A distinguished
critic has said of him that " his work is ab
ways sincere and truthful to nature in her
different moods, and reverential," and from
the different countries he visits, that "he
is sure to bring back to his studio unmis
takable evidences of the distinctive charac
teristics of the locality, and yet not photo
graphic, but always artistic and with in
stinctive feeling." His work has won for
him a high place among the water colorists
jf America, examples of which are often
seen at the exhibitions at Boston and New
York. He has also been represented in
London, the Hague and at Munich, where
he had several works in the exhibit of
Munich painters, the present season His
studio, at 20 Beacon street, overlooking the
State House grounds and Back Bay, is one
of the most attractive in Boston, and has
been visited by raany distinguished persons

ALDEN SPEARE.
fitted for college at Newbury Serainary, but
was obhged to relinquish his cherished pur
pose of obtaining a college education because
of the death of his father. He then turned
his attention into the channels of a commer
cial career, went to Boston and entered a
dry goods store as clerk. He worked as
salesman for different houses untU 1851,

THAYER.

SAWYER.

when he went into business with other gen
tieraen under the firra narae of Speare, Burke
L^ Co., oUs and starch. Mr. Speare has since
continued in the same business and is now
special partner in the firm of Alden Speare's
Sons & Co. He is considered one of Bos
ton's most solid men and occupies a high
place in the business world. He has been
president of the Boston Charaber of Com
merce and of the Boston Executive Business
Men's Association, and is now president of
the Boston Board of Trade. He has also
been president of an Arkansas land company,
and among other offices he now holds or has
held, are those of director of the Connecti
cut & Passumpsic River Railroad Co., the
Mexican Central railroad, the Atchison,
Topeka & Santa Fe, and twenty-two other
roads that are connected with or operated
by the Atchison system. Mr. Speare was
mayor of Newton in 1876 and 1877, and for
a term of nine years served on the Boston
school board.
He was for several years director, and, in
1857, president of the Boston Y. M. C. A.
Since 1872, he has been a raeraber of the
board of raanagers of the foreign and home
missionary societies of the Methodist Epis
copal Church, and has also held the ofifices
of trustee and vice-president of Boston Uni
versity. In 1875, '82, '86, '87 and '88 he
was president of the Boston Wesleyan Asso
ciation, owners of the Wesleyan building and
publishers of Zion's Herald. The life of Mr.
Speare has been one of great activity and of
hard, untiring labor, as the history of his
successes wiU bear witness. He has always
retained an interest in Vermont, and that he
has a particularly warm spot in his heart for
the town of his birth, is shown by the recent
gift to Chelsea, Vt., of a site for the new
tovvn haU and site and funds for the erection
ofthe Alden Speare Library, which was dedi
cated with appropriate exercises on Oct. 25,
1894. Mr. Speare was raarried March i,
1849, to Caroline M. Robinson. Six chil
dren were the result of the union and of the
nuraber, Ella M., Lewis R., and Edwin R.
survive. Mr. Speare has a beautiful home

in Newton, where he takes a prominent part
in every raovement looking toward the web
fare of the garden city and its residents.
SAWYER, T. H., of Medford, Mass.,
was born in Reading, Jan. 9, 1S04. He
fitted for college in the district schools, and
then went to Middlebury ; on graduation he
went to Westminster and read theology for
a short time with the late Rev. Dr. W. S.
Balch. Sorae time after Dr. Balch went to
New York City, and while there made ap
pointraents for his friend to preach in a
New Y'ork church. Mr. Sawyer went and
preached so weU that he received a formal
caU at a salary of ^500, with 1 100 more the
next year if he should continue to satisfy
the congregation. He accepted, beginning
a pastorate of twenty-five years.
He soon married a Miss Fisher, a Newton
girl, finely educated and of one of the best
famihes. She died less than a year ago.
Dr. Sawyer went to Tufts' College in 1869,
on the estabhshment of the department of
divinity, of which he is dean emeritus.
From the beginning of his rainistry he
has been a raan with pen in hand. The
voluraes of the Universahst Quarterly con
tain many of his articles. During the Civil
\Var he was editor of the Christian Ambas
sador, in New York City. He was a strong
and ready editor. From year to year he has
had a hand in religious discussions in aU
their variety, but the bUter opponents he
has had in religious controversy are cher
ished as friends.
Dr. Sawyer is not the oldest preacher in
the Universalist Church. He is, however,
one of the three seniors of the denomina
tion. His horae at Tufts College is at 1 14
Professors' Row, in a house he buiU above
twenty years ago. He resides with his son-
in-law, Rev. Dr. George T. Knight, one of
the professors at the college, Mrs. Knight
being his only surviving child. Profi and Mrs.
Knight have four children — two giris and two
boys — in whose corapany, with games and
happy converse. Dr. Sawyer spends many of
the happy hours of his old age.

THAYER, Charles Paine, of Boston,
son of Dr. Sarauel White and Sarah Louisa
(Pratt) Thayer, was born in Woodstock,
Jan. 22, 1843. He resided in Northfield
during his early youth, raoving to Buriington
when about 12 years of age. His father was
interested in the founding of the present
medical department of the University of Ver
mont and did much to help make it a suc

cess in later years. Dr. Thayer was educated
in the public schools of BurUngton and at the
University of Verraont. The war broke out
when he was in the academical department
of the university, which he left to enUst in
Company H, 13th Verraont Volunteers, serv
ing nine raonths and participating in the
battie of Gettysburg. Returning to Vermont
he began the study of raedicine, entered the

THAYER.

WARDEN.

University Medical School, graduating in
June, 1865, Afterward he went to New
York City and took a course in the CoUege
of Physicians and Surgeons. Then, for three
years, he was employed as surgeon by the
Northern Pacific railroad, and returning in
1873 to Burlington, he practiced medicine
untU he went to Boston, in 1878. During
his residence in that city. Dr. Thayer has
built up an extensive practice and stands
high in the profession. He is a member of
the Massachusetts Medical Society, the Suf
folk District Medical Society, and is busi
ness manager of the Tufts College Medical
School, in which he is also professor of
anatomy. Among other organizations with
which he claims membership are the Ver
mont Association, the Vermont Veterans'
Association of Boston, the Loyal Legion,
Gettysburg Post, G. A. R., and the White
Mountain Travellers' Association, of which
he was the second president. He is surgeon
for the American Commercial Travellers'
Mutual Accident Association, and both a
Mason and an Elk. He is a Repubhcan,
but has never entered into pohtics. He was
married in 1872, in Boston, to Mary Ahce
Bemis, and his home and ofifice is in Hotel
Pelham. THAYER, LEWIS CARLOS, of Cam
bridge, Mass., son of Silas H. and Harriet
K. (Spear) Thayer, was born in Braintree,
March i, 1848. At the age of three, with
five other children, he was left fatherless and
his raother was obUged to sell the farm
upon which he was born in order to care
for the faraily. Up to the age of fourteen

the boy lived with a farraer, working long
hours nine raonths of the year, and attend
ing school only during the winter raonths.
Then he becarae his own raaster, but for
three years raore he continued to work at
farming, and when he had accuraulated ^35
he went to Boston, secured a place in a re
tail provision store, and five years later
started in business for hiraself on Carabridge
street. There he continued seventeen years,
during which tirae he prospered, and in
1888 was able to buy out a stall in Faneuil
Hall Market, where he is stiU located in the
jobbing beef business. An instance of Mr.
Thayer's business abihty raay be cited in
the fact that when he went to Faneuil Hall
the concern he bought out was doing a
business of ^50,000 a year, but a year later
it had increased to about ^100,000. Suc
cess has followed Mr. Thayer since and he
has wisely invested his raoney outside of
tbe raarket, being interested in a paying
manufacturing business. Though an ardent
Republican and several tiraes pressed to ac
cept an ofifice, he has never felt that he had
time to devote to politics. He has been a
raeraber of the Verraont Association since
its organization and is also a member of
Amicable Lodge of Masons, Carabridge
Royal Arch Chapter and Boston Com
raandery Knights Teraplar. Mr. Thayer
was raarried Nov. 12, 1874, to Ellen A.
Hersey, of Quincy, Mass., and his beautiful
home in Carabridge is graced by a family of
three children— a daughter and two boys.
The latter inherit a love of music from their
father and are raerabers of the faraous boys'
choir in the Church of the Advent, Boston.

WARDEN, ERSKINE, of Waltham, Mass.,
was born in Barnet, Feb. 20, 1839. He was
educated at the public schools and at Mc
lndoes Academy. Mr. Warden's youth was
passed on a farm and in teaching school.
In 1866 he became connected with the
Perkins Institute for the Bhnd, in Boston,
remaining there untU 1868, when he entered
the grocery business in Waltham He was
elected to the State Legislature in 1885
and served four terms. He was especially
prominent in securing the appropriation of
$200,000 for a school for the feeble-minded.
He opposed each year the salary grab, and
when in his fourth term it was passed he re
fused to take his share of the increase. He
is a member of Monitor Lodge of Masons, a
trustee of the Waltham Savings Bank and
director in the National Bank. In 1892 he

was elected Mayor of ^Valtham and served
the city most acceptably in that capacity
two terms.
WARDEN, JOHN J., of Boston, son of
Alexander and Ann Warden, was born in
Burlington in 1845. He is of Scotch-English
descent. He received his schoohng in Bur
lington, where he lived till the outbreak of
the war, when, at the age of sixteen, he en
listed in the 5 th Vermont Infantry, which
formed a part of the famous Verraont brigade
in the Array of the Potomac. Three broth
ers were in the sarae coraraand and another
was in a New York regiment, making five
brothers in this faraily serving in the war for
the Union. John J. Warden's war record is
a proud one. He was engaged in eleven

WARDEN.

^VARDEN.

battles, coraraencing with the " Overland
Campaign" in the Wilderness, and received
wounds in one of these engagements. When
the 6th Array Corps was detached frora the
Array of the Potoraae and sent to the Shen
andoah Valley under Gen. Phil Sheridan,
Gen. Wright, who coramanded the 6th
Corps, being aware of Warden's gallantry
in action, detailed hira as bearer of dis
patches for corps headquarters, where he
faithfully perforraed service which was equiv
alent to that of a staff ofificer until the close
of the war. Shortly after his discharge frora
"the service, "Warden entered the ofifice of the
Parker House in Boston, where he filled the
position of clerk for nine years and made
thousands of friends. Upon the opening of
the Adams House he was persuaded to leave
Parker's and went to the Adams as chief
clerk, a position he continues to hold. Be
sides being perhaps the most widely known
hotel clerk in Boston, he is also one of the

most popular. He has been conspicuous in
railitary and Grand Array circles for many
years ; is a raeraber of Gettysburg Post, G.
A. R. ; is past president of the Vermont
Veterans' Association of Boston, and is at
present chairraan of its executive committee
He has also held several prominent ofifices
in the national department of the G. A. R.,
having been a member of the staff" of Com
manders-in-chief Alger and Veazey. Ever
since the close of the war Mr. Warden and
Col. U. A. Woodbury, the present Governor
of Vermont, have been warra friends, and
when, soon after his election. Governor
Woodbury decided to appoint upon his
stafif a special aide-de-carap in Boston to
attend to the various duties of a staff ofificer
in that city, he naturally selected Mr. War
den, not alone because of his personal
friendship for him, but because of his gab
lant service during the war and his wide
popularity as a veteran.

ALFORD.

ALFORD.

Lott. At the general election in November
of the sarae year he was elected surrogate for
a fuU term of six years, beginning on Jan. i,
1890, when his terra by appointraent expired.
The araount of business done annually in
the Kings county surrogate's court and the
value of the property administered under its
direction make that tribunal the most ira
portant probate court in the land, with the
single exception of the surrogate's court in
New York City. Speaking of Judge Abbott's
character as a judicial ofificer, " The Surro
gate," a raonthly journal devoted to subjects
connected with the probate law, said, last
year : " Even the limited time which has
elapsed since Mr. Abbott's promotion to the
bench has been sufficient to demonstrate his
exceptional fitness for the high post he
occupies. We have already spoken of his
mastery of the peculiar practice and pro-
ceedure of courts of probate. This gives
hira an ease and facihty in disposing of
routine business not easily acquired except
by years of experience on the bench. In
the higher qualities of the judicial ofifice he
has manifested a vigorous industry, a degree
of painstaking care, a perfect fairness and a
knowledge of legal principles and how to
apply them which has already won for hira
the confidence and approbation of lawyers,
litigants and the public, and assure him a
career of the most honorable distinction
among the surrogates of this state.""
Judge Abbott, in addition to his city resi
dence, is the owner of a fine cottage at
Shelter Island, where he spends his summer
vacation ; and he is a prominent figure in
the social life of Brooklyn, being a raeraber
of the Brooklyn, HaraUton, Excelsior and
Gerraania Clubs there and of the University
Club in New York.
On Nov. 20, 1878, he married Miss Eva
T. Reene of Brooklyn, and has two charm
ing children : a girl eleven years old and a
boy six, to whom he is devoted.
ALFORD, ALONZO, of Brooklyn, N.
Y.,son of Amrai and Clarissa (White) Alford,
was born in St. Albans, Jan. 28, 1837.
He received the educational advantages
of the schools of St. Albans, and at the age
of twenty took a position with A. G. Strong,
hardware merchant of Burlington, and after
four years removed to New Haven, Conn.,
and engaged in the flour and grain business
with Wadhams & Merwin. In 1863 he
located in New York, was a salesman for Mer
win & Bray, predecessors of Merwin, Hulbert
& Co., and a few years later having become
interested in the BaUard Rifle Manufactur
ing Co., was chosen treasurer and manager
of that concern, and subsequently organized
the house of Alford, Berkele & Clapp, which
firm, besides carrying on its own business as

jobbers of fire-arms, was the New York
distributing agents of E. Remington & Sons,
predecessors of the Remington Arms Co. In
187 1, when the Remingtons opened their
New York warerooms, Mr. Alford was placed
in charge of thera as general raanager, oc
cupying that position for eight years, and
then purchased the business frora the then
erabarrassed company, and conducted it
successfully for two years, when he sold it
back to the Remingtons and resumed his
old position as raanager. 1881 he resigned
this position, purchased the controUing in
terest in a tool and cutiery raanufactory in
Massachusetts, and established warerooras
in New Y'ork for the sale of these wares.
The success of this concern began frora the

ALONZO ALFORD.

first, and in 1883 it was incorporated under
the titie of the Alford & Berkele Co., with
Mr. Alford as president, a position which he
StiU occupies. In 1887 the Alford & Berkele
Co. bought out the Avery Sewing Machine
Co., and organized the Avery Sewing Ma
chine Agency, Mr. Alford being elected
president and holding the position at the
present time, June 30, 1893.
Mr Alford is a Republican, and since his
residence in Brooklyn has been chairraan of
the Ward Association, raeraber of the gen
eral committee, and a liberal supporter of
his party.
He is a meraber and one of the deacons
of the Central Congregational Church of
Brooklyn ; a raeraber of the Congregational

ALFORD.

ALFORD.

Club, the Sons of Teraperance ; for twenty
years a raeraber of the directory of the Y.
M. C. A. ; a director of the Congregational
Church Building Society, and of the City
Mission and Tract Society, and president of
the MercantUe Benefit Association. He is a
prorainent Mason and Odd Fellow ; was
treasurer of the Amateur Rifle Club during
its existence, and a life member of the
National Rifle Association, out of which was
organized the American Rifle Team, which
distinguished itself at DoUymount, Wimble
don and Creedraoor.
Mr. Alford was united in raarriage at Ber
nardston, Mass., Feb. i, i860, to Chloe Cor
nelia, daughter of Henry and Sylvina A.
(Hale) Slate. Mrs. Alford is an active
Christian worker, and is treasurer of the
National N. P. W. C. T. U., and for many
years was the publisher of the ofificial organ
of the W. C. T. U., Our Union, now the
Union Signal, and at present publisher of
the Temperance Tribune.
Since the foregoing was written Mr. Alford
has retired frora business, and has taken up
his residence at Bernardston, Mass., where
he has a corafortable country horae.
ALFORD, Albert Gallatin, of Balti
raore, Md., son of Ararai and Clarissa G.
(White) Alford, was born at St. Albans, Oct.
14, 1847, and afterwards reraoved to Water
ville. Death breaking up his parents' horae
while he was yet a boy, Mr. Alford was
thrown upon his own resources, having had
only the advantages of the village schools.
After a short tirae spent in the American
Hotel at Burlington he went to New Haven,
Conn., to learn a trade. At the age of
seventeen he enlisted in the U. S. Engineer
Corps at New Haven, Feb. 21, 1865, and
served three years, having been promoted
an artificer. A taste for mUitary life has
always been fostered ; and while living in
Chicago in 1874, he enlisted in ist Regt. IU.
N. G., and was rapidly proraoted, holding a
heutenant's coraraission at the tirae of his
resignation when he raoved to Baltiraore;
and from 1886 to 1893 held the ofifice of
captain, ordnance officer and inspector of
rifle practice in ist Regt., Md. N. G.
In business life he early became connected
whh the great flrra of gun raanufacturers, E.
Reraington & Sons, and from 1874 to 1883
was their manager of the arms departraent
in Chicago and later general manager of
their entire business in Baltiraore, when in
1883 he established the great sporting
goods house now known as the A. G. Alford
Sporting Goods Co.
Mr. Alford has occupied a leading part in
social organizations and societies. Frora the
George H. Thoraas Post, G. A. R., of Chica

go, he was transferred to Custer Post, No. 6
of Maryland, in 1879, i^^ which post he served
as coraraander ; also as assistant inspector
general ; two terras on coraraander-in-chief s
stafif; junior vice-departraent coramander of
Maryland in 1882 ; and has served continu
ously as department and national ofificer from'
1880 to 1 89 1 in positions mentioned, andi
also as chief mustering ofificer and A. D. C.
He is also a raember of the A. 0. U. W. and
U. S. Benevolent Fraternity ; of the latter he
is one of the supreme ofificers.

ALBERT GALLATIN ALFORD.

Mr. Alford has never sought pohtical pre
ferment, but has always been a RepubUcan,
and in 1893 was the unanimous choice of the
Republicans of his ward for first branch city
council, and although this ward was over five
hundred Deraocratic the year previous, was
defeated by only thirty-three votes.
In 1886 he married Clara Augusta, daugh
ter of William T. and Margaret Robinson, of
Baltimore, and has two daughters : Delia R.
and Bessie P. Mrs. Alford is the depart
ment treasurer of the Woraen's ReUef Corps,
and one of the organizers of the department.
ALLEN, JOHN Clayton, of Lincoln,
Neb., son of John H. Allen, was born in
Hinesburg, Feb. 14, i860.
He received his early education at Hines
burg Academy and graduated from the New
Haven Acaderay, when he associated himself
with his father in the lumber and harness busi
ness in his native town and there continued

ALLEN.

ALLEN.

until 1881. Removing to Lincoln, Neb., in
March, 1 88 1 , he entered the wholesale grocery
house of Raymond Bros. & Co., representing
that firm in southwestern Nebraska and east
ern Colorado, where he remained until 1886.
In that year, Mr. AUen entered into business
on his own account at McCook, Red Willow
county. Neb., and buUt up one of the largest
wholesale and retail general raerchandise
houses in southwestern Nebraska, which he
continued until 1892.

JOHN CLAYTON ALLEN.
Politically, Mr. Allen has held true to his
early training and is a meraber of the Repub
lican party. He was elected a councilraan
in the city of McCook in the faU of 1886,
and served two terms of two years each,
being president of the council during the en
tire term of his incumbency and acting raayor
for six months, resigning that ofifice at the
time of his election as secretary of state. In
1890, he was nominated by the Republican
state convention for the ofifice of secretary of
state, and was elected over four other con
testants with a plurality of 3,800.
In 1892 he was renominated by acclama
tion by the Republican state convention for
a second term, and was elected by 21,209
plurality votes over four others. Mr. AUen
has always been regarded as one of the
stanchest Repubhcans and one of the best
informed politicians of Nebraska, and natur
ally has a large foUowing. He is looked
upon as a representative of the business in
terests of Nebraska, and he has always

enjoyed the confidence and support of the
business men irrespective of poUtical opinion.
He is a member of WUlow Grove Lodge,
No. 42, K. of P., McCook, Neb., and a
member of the Coraraercial Pilgrims of
America. Mr. AUen was united in raarriage, in
August, 1 88 1, to Abbie Stapleford of Ver
mont, IU., a niece of ex-Attorney General
C. J. Dilworth of Nebraska. The issue of
this raarriage is : Ralph C, born Sept. i,
1883. ALLEN, JOHN Clarence, of Brooklyn,
N. Y., son of Rufus C. and Sabrina (York)
AUen, was born July 28, 1848, at WaUingford.
Mr. Allen is frora an ancestry distinguished
in religious constancy. His mother and her

JOHN CLARENCE ALLEN.
ancestors for generations were Baptists ;
while his father and mother were active
Christians from their youth, and sang to
gether in church for thirty-five years. Love
of music and skill in it are family charac
teristics, no less than church work. Mr.
AUen's sister Fanny is the wife of T. J.
Whitaker of Brooklyn.
He was educated at the Wallingford high
school and Black River Academy at Ludlow,
and was graduated with highest oratorical
and other honors at Madison (now Colgate)
University at HaraUton, N. Y., in 1874.
Mr. Allen entered upon his first pastorate in
Newark, N. J., in 1875. Success crowned
his efforts. Following this work he served

ANNIS.

ARTHUR.

the First Church (Baptists) of Elizabeth,
N. J., for five and a half years, performing
loyal work, baptizing raany and raising the
church. The earnest call of the Hanson
Place Baptist Church drew Mr. Allen to
Brooklyn. Here his tireless devotion and
energy found wide scope. During the sura
raer and faU of 1885 he reraodelled the
main audience room and erected lecture and
Sunday school rooms, fitting them with es
sential modern appliances for church work.
In the first year of the pastorate the entire
church debt was pledged and paid off,
araounting to ^40,000. During Mr. Allen's
rainistry thus far he has baptized over five
hundred souls, and has been the raeans of
securing over ^125,000 forthe use ofthe
Baptist denoraination, and has borne an
honorable part in the formation and work of
the Brooklyn Baptist Extension Society.
His activity in teraperance and other re
forra work has been highly commendable.
At the national Prohibition convention, at
Cincinnati, in 1892, he was a delegate. To
many social organizations he has lent his
earnest support and membership. Among
thera are the Phi Beta Kappa Society of
New York ; the Araerican Institute of Civ
ics ; Metropolitan Museura of Art ; Brook
lyn Baptist Social Union ; Brooklyn Society
of Vermonters ; and the New York Alumni
Association of Colgate University, of which
he is president.
Mr. Allen was married in 1874 to Julia I.,
daughter of Rev. Charles T. and Irene
(Buell) Johnson.
ANNIS, Jere Wright, of Osage,
Iowa, son of A. W^ and Laura (Hodgkin)
Annis, was born in Westfield, Jan. 22, 1844.
He received his education at the district
schools of his native town and the ^Vestfield
Acaderay. Upon attaining his raajority he reraoved
to Osage, Iowa, and there forraed a partner
ship with E. O. Hitchcock in the mercantile
business, which was successfully conducted
until 1868, when he formed a partnership
with Judge Hitchcock and J. H. Johnson,
and conducted a large hardware business
under the firra narae of Johnson & Annis,
which was continued until 1885, when he re
ceived the appointraent of assistant cashier
of the Osage National Bank, which was fol
lowed in 1 89 1 by his promotion to the posi
tion of cashier, a position he stiU holds, as
weU as a directorship in the same institution.
Pohtically Mr. Annis has afifiliated with
tbe Repubhcan party, and at the hands of
his party was honored by an election to the
mayoralty of Osage in 1881, and again in
1893, being the present mayor. He is pre
sident of the Osage Board of Trade, presi
dent of the MitcheU County Farmers' Mutual

Fire Insurance Company and Agricultural
Society. He is a member of Osage Lodge, No. 102
F. & A. M., and Osage Chapter, No. 36, and
is Eminent Coraraander of Coeur de Leon
Coraraandery, No. 19.

JERE WRIGHT ANNIS.
Mr. Annis was united in raarriage Nov. 24,
1864, at Westfield, to Lucia S., daughter of
Hirara and Harriet Hitchcock. Four child
ren have blessed this union : Frankhn W.,
Fanny, Laura L., and Homer B.
ARTHUR, Chester A., late President
of the United
States, was born
in Fairfield,
Oct. 5, 1830,
the son of Rev.
Dr. William
Arthur. The
educational an
tecedents and
scholarly tastes
of Dr. Arthur
induced h i m
to give his elder
son, Chester A.,
a thorough
.  J course of in
struction in the
best schools of Union Village and Schenec
tady, N. Y. Classical preparation for coUege
he made his own especial care, and with such
success that the future President was fitted for

ARTHUR.

ARTHUR.

matriculation at Union CoUege when only fif
teen years old. Honorably graduating with
the class of 1848, young Arthur selected the
profession of law for his future activities, and
began the requisite studies in Fowler's Law
.School at Ballston Spa. In 1853 he re
paired to the city of New Y''ork, entered the
law ofifice of ex-Judge E. D. Culver, was ad
mitted to the bar in the same year, and com
menced professional practice.
Mr. Arthur's earhest opportunity of legal
<iistinction was in connection with the fa
mous slave case of Jonathan Lemmon of Vir
ginia. Lemmon had attempted fo carry
.eight slaves through New York on his way
to Texas. His right to do this was disputed
on the ground that they were free because of
his voluntarily bringing thera into free ter
ritory. The case was tried on a case of
habeas corpus before Judge Payne who
ordered the slaves to be released. The judge
-afifirraed that they could neither be held to
servitude in New Y''ork, nor relegated to
slavery under the provisions of the fugitive
slave act. The Supreme Court of New York
-sustained his decision, as did the Court of
Appeals. Not less honorable to Mr. Arthur
was the defence of the legal rights of the
.colored people in 1856, when he was coun
sel for Lizzie Jennings, a colored girl who
had been forcibly ejected from a street car
after she had paid her fare. A verdict
against the company was obtained.
Mr. Arthur's genius was naturally inclined
fo the science and art of politics — in the true
sense of that much abused phrase. His first
active associations were with the Henry Clay
Whigs. Of the Saratoga convention, which
founded the Republican party in New York,
he was a member. Mihtary affairs also in
terested him. Prior to the outburst of the
secessionist rebelhon he held the ofifice of
judge-advocate of the second brigade of the
state mihtia. Under Governor Morgan he
was raised, in i860, to the position of engin
eer-in-chief of the staff. Subsequentiy he
was raade inspector-general, and next quar-
terraaster-general of the state militia. This
latter ofifice he held until the close of Gov
ernor Morgan's magistracy in 1863. In per
formance of his ofificial functions he equipped,
supphed and forwarded the iraraense nuraber
of troops deraanded frora his state. InteUi
gent, sagacious, vigorous and always incor
ruptible, his railitary administration was
notably briUiant and successful.
General Arthur returned to legal practice
in 1863. Flis business was largely that of
collecting claims against the government.
In legislative afifairs he was also greatly in
fluential. Many iraportant enactraents were
drafted by him, and to his labors their
adoption at Albany and Washington was
mainly due. For a brief period he acted as

counsel of the New Y^ork board of corarais
sioners. In local politics he soon becarae
an efificient factor. By President Grant he
was appointed collector of custoras at the
port of New York on the 20th of Noveraber,
1 87 1. A second appointment to the sarae
ofifice followed in 1875, and was at once con
firraed by the Senate, without the customary
formality of reference to a coraraittee. Dif
ficulties between himself and President
Hayes occurred in 1877, in consequence of
an order issued by the latter, which pro
hibited persons in the civil service of the
general government frora personal activity
in political raanageraent. This injunction
was specially onerous on General Arthur,
who was then chairraan of the Republican
central coraraittee of New York City, and
also on Naval Ofificer A. B. Cornell, who was
chairraan of the state central coraraittee.
Both refused to coraply, and both were sus
pended frora ofifice in July, 1878. The suc
cessor to General Arthur, appointed after
his suspension, was confirmed in the ensuing
session of the United States Senate. A
previous attempt to effect Arthur's reraoval
had failed, through refusal on the part of the
Senate to confirra the norainee of President
Hayes. No official dereliction could be
detected by either of two special coraraittees
who investigated the adrainistration of the
ofifice. The probity of his ofificial acts was
unquestionable, and was freely acknowledged
by the superiors who sought to oust hira
frora ofifice. The public desired his reten
tion. AU the judges of the New York courts,
most of the leading members of the bar, and
nearly all the mercantile importers in the
city signed a petition asking that he might
be continued in ofifice. But he hiraself sup
pressed the petition. The only accusation
against hira was that he had disregarded
the President's injunction to refrain, in cora
raon with all civil servants of the public,
from active political manageraent. In a
letter addressed to Secretary Sherraan he
showed that during the six years of his
administration as collector at New York he
had reraoved only two and three-fourths per
cent, of the whole nuraber of subordinate
ofificials, while the percentage of removals
under his three immediate predecessors
average no less than 28 per cent. He also
showed that in ninety-seven out of one hun
dred appointments to important positions,
having a salary of ^2,000 or more, he had
raised the incurabents frora the lower grades
of the service on the recoraraendation of the
heads of the several bureaus. His fidehty
to the best interests of the public could
scarcely have been raore apparent.
Returning to private life. General Arthur
again resuraed the practice of law in the city
of New York. He also zealously guided the

ARTHUR.

ARTHUR.

movements of his political associates, and
assisted in the nomination and election of
Mr. A. B. CorneU to the gubernatorial chair
of the state. He and Roscoe Conkhngwere
closely aUied in the effort to secure the nom
ination of General Grant to a third terra in
the presidency of the national Repubhcan
convention held at Chicago in 1880. Their
lack of success, singularly enough, prepared
the way for his own noraination to the vice-
presidency. James A. Garfield was selected
for the national chief magistracy, and Chester
A. Arthur for the second position. The
latter was nominated by acclamation. In
the exciting canvass that followed he was
one of the principal managers. In his own
state, as chairman of the Repubhcan central
committee, he was particularly effective. His
presidency of the Senate of the United
States, during the special session which
began the 4th of March, 1881, was charac
terized by great personal dignity. In the
contest between President Garfield and U.
S. Senator Conkhng over civil appointments
in the state of New York, and particularly
over the nomination of Judge 'WiUiara H.
Robertson to the coUectorship of New York,
he dechned to participate. He did, how
ever, in harraony with that faithfulness to
private friendships, which was one of his
raost conspicuous and attractive traits, re
pair to Albany after the New York senators
had resigned, in order to co-operate in their
re-election. While the issue was yet unde-
terrained. President Garfield was assassi
nated. The pistol of Guiteau prevented
further electioneering in behalf of Mr. Conk
ling. General Arthur was overwhelraed by
the deepest grief over the terrible tragedy.
The death of President Garfield was an
nounced to General Arthur by telegraph at
New Y^ork. The raembers of the cabinet
expressed the wish that he would repair to
Long Branch on the foUowing raorning.
This he did. But before his departure, and
in harraony with the advice of his friends, he
took the oath of ofifice as President of the
United States in his own house, about 2 a. ra.
of Septeraber 20, before one of the judges
of the Supreme Court of New York. Frora
Long Branch he accorapanied the remains
of his deceased predecessor to Washington.
There he was formaUy sworn into ofifice be
fore the chief justice of the Supreme Court
of the United States on the 22d of Septem
ber, and briefly stated his own appreciation
of the grave possibihties devolved upon him.
His first ofificial act on the same day was to
proclaira a day of general raourning for the
laraented Garfield. A special session of the
Senate was convoked, to begin on the loth
of October, for the purpose of choosing a
presiding ofificer and of confirming such ap
pointments as might be submitted. The

members of the cabinet were requested to
retain their portfolios until the regular meet
ing of Congress in December. All of them
consented to do so with the exception of
Secretary Windora of the Treasury Depart
ment, who insisted on resigning in order
that he raight becorae a candidate for the
Senate frora Minnesota. Ex-Gov. E. D.
Morgan, of New York, was norainated and
proraptiy confirmed as his successor. On
the declinture of the latter gentleman to
serve. Chief Judge' Folger, of the New York
Court of Appeals, was chosen and confirmed
in his room.
After his accession to the presidency
General Arthur made ofificial changes in a
gradual and cautious manner. Robert T.
Lincoln, of Illinois, son of the martyr Presi
dent, was retained in the secretaryship of
war. AU the other members of the cabinet
were replaced by different statesmen. In
February, 1882, he nominated Roscoe
Conkling to the vacancy on the bench of
the Supreme Court, but after that gentieman
had been confirraed by the Senate he re
spectfully declined to accept the elevation. In
August President Arthur norainated General
U. S. Grant as one of two coraraissioners to be
appointed to negotiate a commercial treaty
with Mexico. In all the legislation of that
and the following year he was a wise and
judicious factor. The foreign relations of
the government were undisturbed and satis
factory. The "Monroe Doctrine" was again
asserted by him in relation to the canal
across the Isthraus of Panaraa — the neutral
ity of which naturally and rightfully faUs
under the protectorate of the United States
— in correspondence with the British gov
ernraent. On May 9, 1883, he approved
and promulgated the rules of the civU ser
vice, under which demonstrated fitness is the
only condition of continuance in ofifice.
President Arthur's administration was at
tended by the unexampled prosperity of the
people. Whether in the raeetings of his
cabinet, at his weekly receptions, or in Sab
bath worship at the church, he was ever the
same gentle and unobtrusive gentleman.
But beneath this quietude of aspect was an
enormous reserve of power. Holding an
ofifice to which he was only indirectly elected,
he exercised its functions in a manner that
challenged the unfeigned admiration pf aU
observers. None of the fears entertained by
some at the epoch of his accession were
reahzed. He fuhiUed the highest hopes of
those who knew him best. The respect and
gratitude of the nation were justly and
freely accorded to him. The simpUcity,
the strength, the dignity, the wisdom of his
patriotic service are acknowledged on au
hands.

ARNOLD.

ATWOOD.

Chester A. Arthur was raarried in 1859 to
EUen Lewis, daughter of Captain William
Lewis Herndon, of Fredericksburg, Va.,
Mrs. Arthur died in January, 1880, leaving
two children, viz. : Chester A., aged fifteen,
and Ellen Herndon, aged eight years.
President Arthur died in NewYork Nov. 18,
1886. ARNOLD, Lemuel H., was born in St.
Johnsbury, Jan. 29, 1792, and removed to
Rhode Island at an early age. He gradu
ated at Dartmouth College in 181 1, was
educated for the bar, but turned his attention
to mercantile pursuits. In 1831 he was
elected Governor of Rhode Island, and re
elected in 1832 ; he was a meraber of the
Governor's council during the Dorr rebel
lion in 1842, was a representative in Con
gress from 1845 to 1847, and died in Kings
ton, R. I., June 27, 1852.
ATWOOD, Harrison Henry, of Bos
ton, Mass., son of Peter Clark and Helen
Marion (Aldrich) Atwood, was born in North
Londonderry, August 26, 1863.

HARRISON HENRY ATWOOD.
Soon after his birth his parents located in
Boston, where his school training was obtain
ed. He graduated from the Phillips grara
mar school in 1877, and immediately entered
the law office of Godfrey Morse and John R.
Bullard. At the age of seventeen he took up
the study and practice of architecture as his
chosen profession, and became a student of

Mr. Sarauel J. F. Thayer, where he reraained
for four years, and after spending one year in
the ofifice of Mr. George A. Clough, ex-city
architect, he began practice in the faU of
1886, his prize designs for the Suffolk
county court house and the pubhc library
being his best work as a student. After cora
raencing practice he was at various tiraes
employed by the city of Chelsea, on pubhc
work, and estabhshed a reputation for thor
oughness and care, his First National Bank
building in Chelsea being the finest and
most expensive building in the city. In May,
1889, he was appointed by Hon. Thomas N.
Hart, raayor of Boston, as city architect, in
which position he served during Mayor Hart's
administration, being re-appointed in 1890.
While city architect he completed the legacies
in the way of unfinished pubhc buildings left
by forraer administrations, viz. : The Horace
Mann School for Deaf Mutes, the South Bos
ton grammar school, the Roxbury high
school, and several rainor buildings ; and the
new work laid out, completed or placed un
der contract during his terra of office com
prise four of the finest public school buildings
in New England — the Henry L. Pierce grara
raar school ; the Prince primary school ; the
Bowditch grammar school, and the Adams
primary school. All the new work was placed
by him in one single contract, a method of
doing the public business never before or since
adopted by the architect department. Be
sides these beautiful school buildings, much
work was accomphshed during these two
years for the fire, pohce, water, sewer and
park departraents.
Mr. Atwood was a raeraber of the House
of Representatives of 1887 frora the eighth
Suffolk representative district, was re-elected
in 1888, and honored again in 1889, at
which election he received the highest nura
ber of votes ever cast before or since for
any representative candidate, and this too,
despite the fact that the district was over a
thousand Democratic majority. During his
service in the Legislature, his committee
appointments were among the raost im
portant. His work upon the committees on
state house extension, liquor law, mercantile
affairs and cities was most creditable, and
gained him much in character and reputa
tion. He was elected an alternate delegate
from the old fourth congressional district to
the national Republican convention at
Chicago in 1888, and was again honored by
being chosen as a delegate to the Repub
hcan national convention at Minneapolis in
1892. He has been a raeraber of the Re
pubhcan city coraraittee of Boston since
1884, serving as its secretary for four years,
and for the years i887-'88 was a raeraber of
the Repubhcan state coraraittee. Septera
ber 14, 1892, he was norainated by the Re-

BABCOCK.

BARTO.

pubhcans of the new tenth Massachusetts
congressional district as their standard
bearer in one of the hardest fought pohtical
carapaigns that Massachusetts has witnessed
in raany years. His dignified and raanly
course throughout this raost exciting con
gressional canvass, and especially towards
those of his own party whose support was
given to an independent RepubUcan candi
date, was such as to win even the plaudits of
his pohtical opponents and make even
keener the regret when at the close of what
was at first considered a hopeless task, his

election was defeated by only six hundred
and eighty-five votes with the independent
Republicans attracting the support of over
twenty-two hundred voters.
Mr. Atwood is a meraber of St. John's
Lodge, F. & A. M., St. Paul's Royal Arch
Chapter, and Boston Commandery, is also a
raember of the I. O. O. F.
He was married in Boston, Sept. ii, 1889,
to Clara, eldest daughter of the late John
August and Sophie (Kupfer) Stein; they
have two sons : Harrison Henry, Jr., and
August Stein.

BABCOCK, JOSEPH Weeks, of Nece-
dah. Wis., was born in Swanton Falls, March
6, 1850; reraoved with his parents to Iowa
in 1856, where he received a coraraon school
education ; he is a grandson of the late Hon.
Joseph Weeks of Richraond, N. H., who
was a raeraber of the 24th and 25th Con
gress ; is by occupation a luraberman ; set
tled at Necedahin 1881, where he has since
resided ; was elected to the Wisconsin As
sembly in 1888, and served as chairraan of
the committee on incorporations, and was
re-elected in 1890; was elected to the 53d
Congress as a Republican.
BALDWIN, Melvin R., of Duluth,
Minn., was born in Windsor county, April
12, 1838; reraoved to ^Visconsin 1847 ; en^
tered Lawrence University, Appleton, Wis.,
1855, reraaining through the sophomore
year ; studied law, and then adopted civil
engineering as a profession ; was engaged
on Chicago & Northwestern R. R. till
April 19, 1861 ; enUsted as a private in Com
pany E., 2d Wis. Infantry, brigaded with the
Iron Brigade ; was slightly wounded at the
first, and severely wounded at the second
battle of BuU Run ; promoted to captain of
his corapany; was captured at Gettysburg
and confined in Libby, Macon, Georgia,
Charleston, and Colurabia, South Carohna;
raade two escapes, but was recaptured, and
was finaUy exchanged after seventeen months'
imprisonment. Engaged in operative rail
road work in Kansas after the war ; was gen
eral superintendent four years ; removed to
Minnesota in 1875, and has resided in Du
luth since 1885 ; president of Duluth Cham
ber of Commerce since 1886; always a
Deraocrat; twice dechned Congressional
noraination; norainated by acclamation in
August, 1892, and was elected to the 53d
Congress. BARBER, J. Allen, was born in Georgia,
after a partial course of studies at the Uni
versity of Vermont, studied law and was ad
mitted to practice in 1833 ; in 1837 he

removed to the then territory of Wisconsin,
and settled at Lancaster, where he has since
practiced. He was a member of the first
Constitutional Convention of Wisconsin in
1846; was elected tothe state Assembly of
Wisconsin in 1852, 1853 and 1863, serving
the last year as speaker ; was elected to the
state Senate in 1856 and 1857 ; was elected
a representative frora Wisconsin in the
4 2 d Congress, as a Republican ; was re-elected
to the 43d Congress.
BARTO, Alphonso, of St Cloud,.
Minn., was born in Hinesburgh May 27,.
1834, and was the son of William R. and
Mary (Gage) Barto.
He was educated at the district schools
and under private instruction. At an early-
age he removed to Illinois and engaged in.
farming, which vocation he followed untU
his enhstment in 1861. Upon his return-
frora the war of the rebeUion in 1864 he en
gaged in the raanufacture of furniture at
Elgin, III. Desiring to lead a professional
hfe he studied law and was adraitted to the
bar in 1870. Removing to Sauk Centre,
Minn., in 1869, he began the practice of
his profession and has since followed it with
great success both there and at St. Cloud,,
where he now resides.
He enhsted as a private in Co. K, 5 2d
IU. Inf. Vols., in 1861, and was successively
promoted to second-lieutenant and captain.
Serving three years he was raustered out
Oct. 25, 1864.
A Republican in his pohtical behefs he has.
held raany positions of trust within the gifts
of the people ; was a justice of the peace in
Kane county, IU., for three years, and
treasurer of the sarae county, i867-'69; was-
a raember of the House of Representatives.
of Minnesota, 1871 ; re-elected in 1872 and
elected Lieutenant-Governor of the state of
Minnesota in 1873, serving through a cred
itable adrainistration untU 1875 ; was a mem
ber of the national convention which nomi
nated Blaine in 1884; has held many local
and state ofifices and is now register of the.

BARTO.

BATCHELDER.

U. S. land ofifice at St. Cloud ; was one of
the organizers of the St. Cloud Merchants
National Bank, has been a director since its
organization, and is now its vice-president.
He raarried at Middlebury, in 1854, Har
riet E., daughter of Allen E. and Sarah
Hitchcock, of Whiting. The issue of this
union were : Mary E. (deceased), Lyman
R. (now judge of municipal court at Sauk
Centre, Minn.), and Harriet M. (deceased).
Mrs. Barto died Oct. 13, 1866, and Mr.
Barto married Charlotte, daughter of Will
iam and Mary Ann Allen, of Ferrisburgh,
Oct 17, 1867. Of this union was one
son, William A., who is now about to grad
uate from the University of Minnesota.

\

partment of Minnesota, and a meraber of the
Society of the Army of the Tennessee.
BATCHELDER, GEORGE W., of Fari
bault, Minn., was born in DanvUle, Feb. 18,
1826, the son of John and Alice (Kittredge)
Batchelder. After the usual course at the public schools
he fitted for coUege at PhiUips Academy,
Danville, graduated from the University of
Vermont with the class of '51, receiving the
degree of A. B. and that of A. M. in 1854 ;
was a raember of the Sigma Phi and Phi
Betta Kappa Societies.
Upon leaving college he went to Windsor,
where he took charge of the graded schools
and began the study of the law with the
Hon. Warren Currier. In 1852 he removed
to TazelviUe, Tenn., where he was in charge
of the TazelviUe Acaderay for a year, and
the following year was at the head of Mc-
Minn Acaderay, Rogersville, Tenn., contin
uing his law studies with the firm of Hall &
Walker. He was admitted to the bar in
1854 and returned to Verraont for a short
visit. Resolved to follow the advice of
Horace Greeley, he "went West" and for a

ALPHONSO BARTO.

Governor Barto has been prominent in
Masonic circles, and first afifiliated with
Geneva Lodge, No. 139, at Geneva, IU., in
1 86 1, receiving the chapter degrees and was
exalted to a Royal Arch Mason in Fox River
Chapter, No. 49, at St. Charles, IU. ; was
knighted in Sycamore Commandery, Syca
more, III, and took the Scottish rite degrees
to the 32d in Occidental Consistory,
Chicago ; and has held nearly aU the ofifices
within the local and grand lodges, was grand
master of the state in i89i-'92 ; is prominent
in G. A. R. circles and organized one of the
first posts in Illinois at Elgin in 1866 and
was its first commander ; has been past dis
trict and departraent coraraander in Min
nesota ; a member of the Loyal Legion, de-

GEORGE W. BATCHELDER.

short time practiced his profession at Janes
ville, Wis., but later in 1855 prospected in
Minnesota (then a territory), locating at
the new town of Faribault, in which place he
has made his home and built up a lucrative
practice. His first partner was the late
Judge John M. Berry; frora 1857 to '80 he

BAXTER.

was a partner of Thomas S. Buckhara, now
judge of the fifth judicial district of Minne
sota ; and his present associate is his son,
under the firra name of G. W. & C. S.
Batchelder. Mr. Batchelder has always afifiliated with
the Deraocratic party ; was nominated for
Congress for the Southern District of Minne
sota in 1868, when there were but two dis
tricts in the state ; also for associate justice
of the Suprerae Court, 1888 ; was elected and
served as state senator, t87I-'72 ; was raayor
ofthe city of Faribault, i88o-'8i ; has been
chairraan of city board of education for
twelve years, apd exerted a great influence
in bringing about the union of the parochial
and pubhc schools and the adoption of the
"Faribault Plan," which was so widely dis
cussed by the press and in the Protestant
and Cathohc churches of this country and
Europe, adopted by Archbishop Ireland and
sanctioned by the Pope at Rome.
Having always taken a prorainent part in
the affairs of Faribault, Mr. Batchelder has
been a director of the First National Bank
for twelve years and a director of the Austin
National Bank since its organization.
Mr. Batchelder wedded, in W'isconsin,
July 12, 1858, Kate E., daughter of Cornehus
and Mary Davis. Of this union are three
children : Georgia L., Charles S., and John D.
BAXTER, Luther Loren, of Fergus
Falls, Minn., son of Chauncey and Philena
(Peet) Baxter, was born in Cornwall, June
8, 1832.
He received his education at the district
schools of his native town, suppleraented by
private tuition, a year at Castleton Seminary
and a two years course at Norwich Univer
sity. Commencing the study of the lavv at
nineteen years of age under Lindsley &
Beckwith, and concluding his studies with
Judge Horatio Seymour, he removed to
Illinois in the fall of 1853 and was there
adraitted to the bar in March, 1854. Loca
ting at Geneva, Wis., he practiced his pro
fession successfully until 1857 when he
reraoved to Carver county, Minn., and re
suraed the practice of his profession which
he continued, except during his enlistraent,
until 1885 ; frora 1876 to 1882 at Minne
apolis and since 1882 at Fergus Falls, where
he still resides.
Judge Baxter enlisted in Septeraber, 1861,
as captain of Co. A, 4th Minn. Vol. Infantry
and was assigned with two corapanies to the
coraraand of Fort Ridley ; reraaining there
until March, 1862, he rejoined his regiraent
at Fort Snelling and was proraoted to the
rank of major. In Aprd, 1862, he was
ordered South with his regiment, where he
participated in many battles, but owing to
sickness was corapeUed to resign in October,

1862. Re-entering the service in Novem
ber, 1864, as raajor of the ist Minn. Heavy
Artillery, he was proraoted to the rank of
lieutenant-colonel in February, 1865, and
commissioned colonel the same year and par
ticipated in the battle of NashviUe. He was
elected to the state Senate in the faU elec
tions and was granted leave of absence to
take his seat. Returning to the army in
March, 1865, he was assigned to duty as
chief of artillery of Chattanooga, remaining
with his regiment until raustered out of
service in October, 1865.

LUTHER LOREN BAXTER.

Judge Baxter is a staunch Democrat, and
as such has held many positions of honor
and trust ; was judge of probate for Carver
county in 1858 ; prosecuting attorney for the
4th judicial district, 1859; county attorney
of Scott county, 1863; senator from Scoti
county, i865-'69 ; meraber of the House from
Carver county, 1869 ; senator frora 1869 to
1876 ; county attorney of Carver county,
i877-'79> and member of the Legislature,
i879-'8i. At the hands of the Republican
Governor Hubbard, he received the appoint
ment of judge of the 7th judicial district, in
March, 1885, to fiU an unexpired term, arid
was elected to the same position for a term
of six years at the elections of 1886, notwith
standing the fact that the district cast a Re
pubhcan raajority of 3,500 ; re-elected atthe
last election without opposition, he stiU holds
the position.

BEAMAN.

BELCHER.

13

He has been a Master Mason for thirty-
eight years and is now a meraber of the
Scottish Rites ; afifiliated with the Loyal
Legion and is prominent with the local G.
A. R., being a trustee of the Soldiers' Home.
Judge Baxter was first united in marriage
to Eraraa Ward. She died in June, 1870.
He forraed a second alUance with Barbara
Deuhs, who died in March, 1881. He again
raarried in November, 1883, Hilda Eraraa,
daughter of Lewis and Emma M. Child. He
has only two children : Chauncey Luther, and
Bertha. BEAMAN, Fernando C, was born in
Chester, June 28, 1814; removed to New
York when a boy, and left an orphan at the
age of fifteen ; received a good Enghsh edu
cation at the Franklin County Academy,
studied law in Rochester ; reraoved to Mich
igan in 1838, and coramenced the practice
of his profession ; was for six years prose
cuting attorney for Lenawee county ; was
judge of probate for four years ; was a presi
dential elector in 1856 ; in i860 was elected
a representative from Michigan to the Thirty-
seventh Congress.
BELCHER, ISAAC SAWYER, of San Fran
cisco, Cab, the son of Samuel and Anna G.
(CaldweU) Belcher, was born in Stockbridge,
Feb. 27, 1825.

ISAAC SAWYER BELCHER.

His father was a farraer and young Belcher
worked upon the farm and attended the dis
trict schools until he was fifteen years of

age. He fitted for coUege in the academy at
Royalton and entered the University of "Ver
mont in 1842, graduating with the class of
'46. Having chosen the law as a profession
he entered the ofifice of J. W. D. Parker at
Bradford ancl after a thorough course of
legal study was admitted to practice in the
county courts in 1849 and to the Supreme
Court of the state three years later. He
continued the practice ol his profession in
Windsor county until 1853, when he started
for California, arriving in San Francisco on
the 1 6th of June. He went at once to the
mines in Y''uba county and there practiced
his profession until March, 1855, when he
settled in Marysville in that county and soon
acquired a lucrative practice. Mr. Justice
Field of tbe Supreme Court of the United
States and other distinguished lawyers, were
then practicing at the sarae bars. His
brother, WiUiara C. Belcher, now a leading
member of the San Francisco bar, was asso
ciated with him.
He was elected to the position of district
attorney of Yuba county in 1855, and held
the ofifice untU 1858. He was elected judge
of the tenth judicial district in 1863, and
held that ofifice until 1870. In 1872 he was
appointed by the Governor to fiU a vacancy
in the Supreme Court of the state, and at
the expiration of his terra dechned a nora
ination to succeed hiraself and resumed his
practice at Marysville. In June, 1878, he
was elected a member and served as vice-
president of the Constitutional Convention
which raet that year. In 1 880 he was elected
by the Legislature a trustee of the State
Library, which position he held for eight
years. In 1885 he was appointed a cora
raissioner of the Supreme Court of the state,
and this position he stiU holds.
At the founding of the Leland Stanford, Jr.,
University he was appointed one of its trus
tees and since that tirae has acted as such.
In this connection a local paper says of hira :
"Judge Belcher is a raan of reraarkable
strength of raind and soundness of judgment,
and his fellow trustees wiU find in him a val
uable coadjutor in administering the noble
trust confided to their keeping."
Mr. Belcher vvas united in wedlock, August
12, 1861, to Adehne M., daughter of WilUam
T. and Martha (Tappan) Johnson, of Augusta,
Maine. The fruit of this union are : Martha
A., Richard, WiUiara J., and Robert. He
now resides in San PYancisco, in the fuU en
joyraent of the fruits of an upright, honorable
hfe. BELCHER, William C, of San Fran
cisco, Cal., son of Samuel and Anna G.
(Caldwell) Belcher, was born at Stockbridge,
Dec. 12, 1820.

14

BEARD.

BEARD.

He graduated at the University of Ver
raont in 1843 ; and subsequently taught
several years in the Academy of Bradford.
He was admitted to the bar in that county
in 1855.
In 1856 young Belcher went to California
and has ever since been engaged in the
practice of his profession, and in sorae of
the most important law suits on the Pacific
coast. WhUe in MarysvUle he was a part
ner of his brother Isaac S. Belcher who is
now on the supreme bench, but since mov
ing to San Francisco he has becorae one of
the firm of Mastie, Belcher, Van Vleet &
Mastie.

WILLIAM C. BELCHER.
He has never held any political or judic
ial ofifice, or been associated with any secret
society except the Masons. Mr. Belcher is
a life member of Pacific Coast Association
Native Sons of Verraont, and is highly es
teemed by bis associates, and by the citizens
of the coraraonwealth in which he resides.
BEARD, Alanson Wilder, of Boston,
Mass., collector of the port of Boston, was
born in Ludlow, August 20, 1825.
Leaving his native town at the age of
seven he spent the years preceding his ma
jority at Stockbridge, working on his father's
farra during his boyhood, receiving a com
raon school education, and in addition
private instruction frora the pastor of the
Congregational church, Thoraas S. Hubbard,
who was a man of hberal culture.
Early inured to the hardships of farra life
among the rugged hiUs of Verraont, we find

young Beard at seventeen, strong, hardy, of
wonderful vitality, with a thorough English
education, well equipped for a life work,
that raay now be said to have begun when
he entered the school room as a teacher, in
which occupation he continued with but
little intermission until his twenty-first year.
In the spring of 1847 Mr. Beard began a
mercantile career, opening at Pittsfield in
his native state a country store, which he
kept for six years ; during the tirae he was
postmaster of the town, the first position
under the national government he ever held,
and the only one until he was first appointed
collector of the port of Boston. Both the
postmastership and the storekeeper's life he
gave up to corae to Boston in September,
1853, entering the clothing house of Whiting,
Kehoe & Galloupe, as salesman. Less than
three years after he was in the wholesale
clothing business on his own account ; later
under the firra narae of Beecher, Beard &
Co. His Boston business was continued
until 1879 under the successive firm names of
C. W. Freeland, Beard & Co., Beard, Mod-
ton & Co., Beard, Moulton & Bouve. Dur
ing this tirae he had the raanageraent of
frora two hundred to six hundred employes,
the manufacturing being under his personal
supervision. On the formation of the Repubhcan party,
Mr. Beard, whose early associations had been
with the Whigs, gave his infiuence to the new
political creed and has held that aUegiance
ever since. The year 1864 brought him into
the Republican state coraraittee, there to re
main three years. Subsequently he was
chairman of this coraraittee in 1875 ^^'^ '7^
and again in 1885. In 1868 he was delegate
to the national Republican convention and
again in 1888 he was delegate-at-large to
the national Repubhcan convention. Mr.
Beard was also a meraber of the House of Rep
resentatives for Massachusetts in 1870 and
'71, and again in 1884 and '85. Mr. Beard
served as coUector of the port of Boston,
under appointment of President Hayes, for
the full term beginning March, 1878, leaving
the ofifice in May, 1882. In January, 1886,
he became treasurer ofthe commonwealth of
Massachusetts and that office he held for
three years. In i8go he was again made
collector of the port of Boston, which posi
tion he held untU March, 1894. In every
capacity he has served his party, his state
ahd country faithfuUy and well.
Mr. Beard was married at Wayland, Mass.,
Nov. 27, 1848, to Mary Calista Morgan,
daughter of Harvey and Sophia Morgan, then
of Rochester, Vt. To thera have been born
three sons : Jaraes Wallace, Araherst Wilder,
and Charles Freeland, of whora only Charies
Freeland is living.

Tf>%. r

\

i6

BELL.

Although in his sixty-eighth year, he is
strong and rugged ; a fine speciraan of phy
sical raanhood, six feet and two inches in
height and weighing upward of 200 pounds ;
although of a mihtary appearance and bear
ing, he is a most genial and companionable
man. BELL, Hiram, was born in Vermont, and
was a representive in Congress from Ohio,
from 1852 to 1853.
BENEDICT, ROBERT D., of the New
York bar, was born at Burlington, Oct. 3,
1828. His father was for many years a pro
fessor in the University of Vermont, where
R. D. Benedict was educated 'and where he
was graduated in 1848. After his graduation
he removed to Brooklyn, N. Y., and taught
school for two years in what is now the
Twenty-second ward, after which he entered
the office of his uncle, Erastus C. Benedict,
(afterwards chanceUor of the University of
the State) in New York City. He was ad
raitted to the bar in 185 1, and has practiced
law ever since.
In 1864 he raarried Miss Frances A.
Weaver, of Colchester, and settled in Brook
lyn, which he had left for a few years after
concluding his school teaching. His chil
dren are two sons : Wyllys (also a lawyer in
New York City), Edward G. (who is asso
ciated with his father in business), and a
daughter, EUzabeth Evelyn.
Mr. Benedict is weU known to the legal
profession as the editor of Benedict's Re
ports, in ten voluraes, presenting the decis
ions of the LTnited States district courts.
He has recently prepared a new edition of
Benedict's Adrairalty, which was pubhshed
raany years ago by his uncle, and has been
the recognized eleraentary authority on this
subject. His law practice is largely in the
Admiralty courts.
Frora the foundation of the New York
Tiraes till the death of Henry J. Raymond,
its founder, Mr. Benedict was connected
with that newspaper as a reporter in the
United States courts and as a writer of edi
torials. An address dehvered by him in 1891 on
the centennial anniversary of the granting of
the charter of the University of Vermont,
was published by the University, and a lec
ture on "The Hereford Map of the World
and the Legend of St. Brandon," vvas pub
lished in the proceedings of the Araerican
Geographical Society for 1892.
He was for twenty years a raeraber of Ply
raouth Church. For the last eighteen years
he has been a raember, and is a trustee of
the Central Congregational Church. He was
president of the board of elections in Brook
lyn for several years after its creation, and

BENJAMIN.
was the last president of the Republican
League of that city. For many years he has
been a trustee of the Adelphi Academy of
Brooklyn; is a director of the Lawyer's
Surety Company of New York ; is president
of the New England Society of Brooklyn,
and has been president of the Brooklyn
Society of Verraonters, and of the Congre
gational Club of Brooklyn. He was also a
raeraber of the Kings County Club, and is
now connected with the HaraUton and
the Union League clubs.
BENJAMIN, CHAUNCEY E., late of
Maiden, Mass., son of Josiah and Rebecca
(Eraerson) Benjarain, was born in BerUn,
Feb. I, 1829.
He was educated in the schools of his
native town, and assisted his father on the
home farra untU his majority when he re
moved to Wakefield, Mass. ; remaining there
about a year, he located at Maiden in the
same state and made that place his home
untU his death which took place AprU 15,
1892. During the first year of his residence in
Maiden Mr. Benjarain worked in the rubber
factory, afterwards he joined his brother-in-
law, E. E. Andrews, in the hardware busi
ness, in which he continued with success for
several years. He then established an ex
press line between Maiden and Boston
which he continued for a year when it had
assuraed such proportions as to require
additional assistance and he took in as a
partner George W. Vaughn, with whom he
continued the business until his death.
He took a deep interest in Masonic
matters and was a prominent member of
the local lodge of Odd Fellows.
Mr. Benjarain was raarried in January,
1856, to Lucy J. Stanwood of Maiden.
Three chUdren have been born to them :
Carrie S. (deceased), Georgiana, and Philip
C. BENTON, Jacob, was born at Water
ford, August 14, 181 9 ; received an academic
education ; engaged in teaching for several
years, studied law, and was adraitted to the bar
in 1843 and commenced practice at Lancas
ter, N. H. ; vvas a raember of the state Legis
lature in 1854, 1855, 1856; was a delegate
to the national Republican convention in
i860; was brigadier-general commanding
the state volunteers ; was elected to the For
tieth Congress, as a Repubhcan, and was re
elected to the Forty-first Congress.
BENTON, Reuben Clark, of Minne
apolis, Minn., son of Reuben C. and Almira
(Fletcher) Benton, was born in Waterford,
May 13, 1830.

^-/L.^.^.^^^^

i8

BENTON.

BISBEE.

In 1 84 1 he reraoved with his father's
faraily to Lunenburg, where he resided until
twenty-one years of age. During that tirae by
study at home and at such schools as were in
Lunenburg, and two terms at the St. Johns
bury Academy, he was fitted for college. He
entered the University of Verraont in May,
1851, and was graduated in 1854.
After graduation he went to Johnson,
where he took charge of the academy. Pre
vious to entering college he had read law
with the late Jacob Benton of Lancaster,
and with WiUiam Heywood, then of Guild
haU. WhUe in Johnson he read law with
Whitman G. Ferrin now of Montpeher, and
was adraitted to practice in June, 1855. He
coramenced practice in 1856, remaining in
Johnson until 1858, then removing to Hyde
Park, where he continued until 1867.

REUBEN CLARK BENTON.
March 18, 1856, he was married to Sara
M. Leland. They have had four children,
all of whora are deceased.
At the breaking out of the war of the re
bellion he entered the service as captain of
Co. D, 5th Regt. Vt. Vols., at the organiza
tion of that regiraent in September, 1861,
was present with his regiment until July,
1862, and was wounded at Savage Station in
June of the sarae year. Upon the organiza
tion of the nth Regt. in August, 1862, he
was made heutenant-colonel of that regi
ment, in which position he continued until
the last of June, 1864, when he resigned for
disability.

In March, 1867, he reraoved to St. Albans
where he continued in the practice of his
profession until June, 1875, when he re
raoved to MinneapoUs, Minn., where he
StiU resides.
He was in the years 1879, 1880 and 1881
elected city attorney of the city of Minne
apoUs, which ofifice he resigned December,
1 88 1, to enter the eraploy of the St Paul,
Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway Co., as its
attorney at MinneapoUs. For its successor,
the Great Northern Railway Co., Mr. Benton
and his firra still continue as attorneys, having,
besides, a general practice.
During his practice in MinneapoUs, he
was at first in partnership with his brother,
C. H. Benton, also a Verraonter, under the
firra narae of Benton & Benton ; after the
dissolution of that firra, with WilUam P. Rob
erts, as Benton & Roberts ; and for the past
two years with Mr. Roberts and Rome G.
Brown, the latter a Vermonter, as Benton,
Roberts & Brown, which is the present style
of his firm. Mr. Benton has devoted himself
alraost exclusively to the practice of law since
his residence in Minneapolis, and has won
the position of one of the leaders of the bar
of Hennepin county, and of the state. In
politics he is a Republican, but has no re
ligious affiliations.
BISBEE, Lewis H., of Chicago, IU., son
of David and Sarah Bisbee, was born March
28, 1839, at Derby.
The subject of this sketch (one of the
raost prominent and gifted merabers of the
Chicago bar) was born and reared through
boyhood on a farra. It is not true that the
broad, stimulating and intense conditions of
wealth and city hfe are necessarily suppress
ive of marked individual force and character.
It is true, however, that much of the brawn
and muscle, the hfe and brain, the refine
ment and energy which lead and govern the
real forces of society are developed under
the more quiet and rugged conditions of
.country hfe. It is a raost happy and valu
able fact that the real strength and virtue of
society are being constantly replenished from
the rural and agricultural forces of the coun
try. And there is probably no source from
which is derived a stronger and better rein
forcement of manners and social refinement.
The horae of Hon. Lewis H. Bisbee is in
Hyde Park. It is one of the raost refined
and elegant in the country, and is a promi
nent center of healthful and refining social
influence on a moral and intellectual plane
as high as social developraent has anywhere
attained. Mr. Bisbee's advantages in the common
schools while a lad were good. But he early
conceived the idea of obtaining the higher
and broader education afforded in the acade-

BISBEE.

BISBEE.

mies of Verraont. In suramers he worked
on the farra, attending school in the winters
until the age of sixteen. At this age he fell back
on his own resources and proved himself pos
sessed of the energy and tenacity of purpose
requisite to overcome the obstacles naturally
in his way. He attended the academies at
Glover, Derby, and MorrisviUe in Northern
Verraont and took a course at St. Hyacinth
College, near Montreal, Can., when nineteen
years of age. The course of instruction there
being conducted in the French language, he
becarae a thorough French scholar. Subse
quently he read law with J. L. Edwards,
Esq., a prominent practitioner at Derby,
paying his way raainly by teaching French,
and was adraitted to practice in June, 1862.
The sarae raonth he was adraitted to the
bar he enhsted as a private in Co. E, 9th
Vt. Inf., and was afterward promoted to the
captaincy of Co. H, of the same regiraent.
During his raihtary service his conduct was
raarked by gaUantry and faithfulness. Through
all the hardships of war he was found reso
lute and cheerful, and in battle always at the
front. In 1863 he resigned on account of
sickness and returned to Newport and en
gaged in the practice of law, soon building
up an extensive and lucrative business.
In 1866, Mr. Bisbee was elected state's
attorney of Orleans county, where he then
lived, and was re-elected in 1867, but soon
after resigned to accept the position of deputy
collector of custoras, which ofifice he filled
till 1869, when he was elected to the Legis
lature of the state. He was again elected to
the Legislature in 1870. He proved a most
valuable and efificient raember of that body,
was one of the leaders of his party in the
legislative debates, and a raember of impor
tant coraraittees. In extempore debate,
when the occasion vvas important, he was con
sidered one of the raost vigorous and effect
ive speakers on the floor.
It was in April, 187 1, that Mr. Bisbee
raoved to Chicago, but scarcely had he be
corae weU started in business when the great
fire occurred. In the rebuilding of the city,
the reorganization and re-estabhshment of
order and business, Mr. Bisbee came natur
ally and directly to the front of affairs. He
had an unwavering faith in the future of
Chicago, and the abihty to seize and hold
the front position which he has ever since
occupied. Mr. Bisbee is one of the raost successful
jury and chancery lawyers in the Northwest.
His practice is of the highest and raost lu
crative order. His raanageraent of the case
known as the " B. F. Allen blanket-mortgage
case," for Hoyt Sherraan, especially, was con
ducted with extraordinary ability, and was
highly coraphraented by courts and bar;
also the noted Sturges case, with many

others, might be adduced as confirming his
high reputation as a lawyer.
In 1887 the IlUnois Legislature passed a
law permitting the annexation of the town of
Hyde Park to Chicago. Through the in
strumentality of Mr. Bisbee the annexation
becarae a fact. ¦ Mr. Bisbee was elected to
the coramon council, representing the town
of Hyde Park, but the Supreme Court of the
state declared this law unconstitutional.
Thereupon in 1888-89 Mr. Bisbee secured
the passage of a new law, which resulted in
the annexation to Chicago of the town of
Hyke Park, Lake Jefferson, and a part of
Cicero, containing an aggregate population
of about 220,000 people. This great work
made Chicago the second city in population
of the United States, and araong other ad
vantages enabled it to hold the World's
Columbian Exposition within its corporate
liraits. Mr. Bisbee is the author of the well-known
work entitled "The Law of the Produce Ex
change," which is a standard text book on
coraraercial exchanges in England and
Araerica. In 1878 he was elected to the Legislature
of Illinois, receiving nearly the unanimous
vote of the district, one of the most popu
lous and intelligent in the state. In that
body he was one of the most prominent
leaders as a ready and able debater and an
influential and judicious legislator. He is a
graceful and impressive orator, an incisive
and logical thinker ; and being possessed of
a fine and comraanding presence few men
are his equal in the legal or legislative de
bating arena. In politics he is an ardent
Republican, and in campaigns, when the
principles of the party are at stake, his
voice and eloquence are always conspicuous.
Mr. Bisbee is a member of the Oakland
and Hyde Park Clubs, and one of the foun
ders of the Society of Sons of Vermont in
IlUnois, of which he has been president
He is also a Knight Teraplar, a member of
the St. Bernard Coraraandery.
Personally Mr. Bisbee is a genial and af
fable gentieraen of broad and generous
nature, dignified, courteous and obliging.
In bis profession he is honorable, conscien
tious, painstaking and laborious. Of robust
and hardy nature, refined, cultivated and
learned, he is in the true sense of the term
a seh-raade raan. And the raost of his life,
as the hves of strong raen generally run, is
still before hira.
He was raarried in 1864 to Jane E. Hin
raan, of Derby, Vt., a raeraber of a proniinent
faraily of Orleans county. Their two children
are : Hattie Hinraan, born at Newport in
1867, and a graduate of CorneU University;
and Benjarain Hinraan, born in 1877 in.
Chicago.

BLANCHARD.

BLANCHARD.

BLANCHARD, CHARLES, of Ottawa,
IU., son of Ralph and Maria (Kellogg)
Blanchard, was born in Peacham, August 31,
1829. He was reared on a farm in his native
county, his education being principally ob
tained at the district schools. For three
successive falls he walked frora his father's
farra to the neighboring village, a distance
of two miles, to attend a school which in
those days was called an academy. He at
tended this school six weeks each winter,
part of the tirae tending the fires and ringing
the beU to pay his tuition.

CHARLES BLANCHARD.

After working on his father's farm he
worked for the neighbors until he had earned
forty dollars and in the faU of 1850 started
West with this araount in his pocket, arriv
ing at Peru, III., with but five dollars cash ;
frora there he went to Granville, III., and en
gaged to teach school for the winter at a dol
lar per day and board himseU. The follow
ing spring he went to Hennepin, where he
taught school three years, and during vaca
tions and other leisure tirae he studied law.
At Springfield, IU., he was examined by
Judge Treat and admitted to the bar. Hav
ing taught school to earn enough to pur
chase necessary law books, he opened a law
ofifice at Hennepin, but soon removed to
Peru, where he practiced his profession, and
in December, 186 1, he reraoved to Ottawa.
In November, 1864, he was elected
state's attorney of the district, composed of

La SaUe, Bureau and KendaU counties, and
re-elected in 1868 ; his terra expired Dec. i,
1872. Upon the resignation of Judge Good-
speed of the ninth district, August 1, 1884,
he was appointed by Governor HaraUton to
finish the unexpired terra, and in the June
election of 1885 he was elected for the terra
of six years, and re-elected in 1891.
He was raarried in Hennepin, Putnam
county, in 1852, to Sarah H., daughter of
Isaac and Sarah (Horrael) Cudgel. They
had four children : Sydney, who becarae an
attorney at law ; Mae, Herraan S., and
Charles, who died in infancy. The wife of
Judge Blanchard was a raeraber of the Con
gregational church. She died April 16,
1880, and Judge Blanchard again married,
Dec. 31, 1884, Mrs. Sylvia A. BushneU,
daughter of Jay and Jeannett Garner (now
deceased) forraerly of Athens, Pa.
Judge Blanchard is a raeraber of Occiden
tal Lodge, No. 40, F. Sz: A. M. ; Shabbona
Chapter, No. 37, R. A. M., and Ottawa
Coraraandery, No. 10, and of the IlUnois
Association of the Sons of Verraont.
BLANCHARD, JOHN, was born in Cale
donia county, Sept. 30, 1787.
He spent his boyhood on a farra ; pre
pared hiraself for college, and graduated at
Dartraouth in 181 2; reraoved to Pennsyl
vania and taught school ; read law and was
admitted to practice ; was a representative
in Congress, frora Pennsylvania, frora 1845 to
1849. He died in Columbia, Pa., March 8, 1849.
BLINN, Charles Henry, of San Fran
cisco, Cab, son of Chauncy and Edatha
(Harrington) Blinn, was born in Burlington,
Jan. 27, 1843.
Educated in tbe schools of his native place,
he was prepared for the University of Ver
mont, when he entered the army.
He enlisted, August 21, 1 86 1 , in the faraous
ist Vt. Cavalry, serving three years and four
raonths. He was attached to Sheridan's
Cavalry Corps ; participated in the battles of
Gettysburg, ChanceUorsville, Spottsylvania,
Cold Harbor, Wilderness, Winchester, Cedar
Creek, and twenty-six skirraishes. He was
wounded and taken prisoner at Middletown,
Va., May 25, 1862, in a cavalry charge led
by General Banks ; his horse was killed by a
cannon ball frora a battery stationed within
three hundred yards, feU with sixteen others
and was ridden over by a corapany of the
ist Maine Cavalry; was in prison at Lynch
burg and Belle Island, Va., frora May 25 to
Sept. 17. His regiraent has the honor
of having captured at Cedar Creek forty-two
cannon, the largest nuraber taken by any
regiraent during the war. He was honora
bly discharged at Burlington, Nov. 19, 1864.

BLISS.

BLISS.

After the war he was two years chief clerk
at the Welden House, St. Albans. He went
to Cahfornia in 1868, and for six years was
with the Wells-Fargo Express Co. In 1875
he becarae an editorial writer of the " Alta
California." In 1878 he was appointed chief
perrait clerk in the San Francisco Custom
House, which position he stiU fills.
The positions he has occupied in the
Grand Army of the RepubUc are too raany
for our space ; suffice it to say, he is now
quarterraaster and secretary of Veteran
Guard, G. A. R., George H. Thomas Post,
etc. For five years he has been secretary of
the Pacific Coast Association, "Native Sons
of Verraont." He is a regular attendant and
contributor to Simpson Memorial Methodist
Church. He was raarried, Dec. 15, 1870, to NelUe,
daughter of Albert and Lucy Holbrook, of
Salera, N. H. She is (1894) the leading
elocutionist of the Pacific Coast. Mrs. Bhnn
is a powerful pohtical speaker, and took the
sturap for Hayes, Garfield, Blaine, and Har
rison. Their union was blessed with a son :
Holbrook, born in 1872, graduated at Boy's
high school, spent two years in college, and
is now a rising young actor.
BLISS, Neziah W., of Chicago, III.,
son of ElUson and Mary B. (Worthen) Bhss,
was born in Bradford, Jan. 31, 1826.
His grandfather, ElUs BUss, was a lieuten
ant in the Revolutionary war. His great
grandfather, Ellis Bliss, was the father of
seventeen children. His great-great-grand
father, Rev. John Bliss, graduated frora
Y^ale, then located at Saybrook, Conn., in
1 7 10, and was ordained first pastor of the
Congregational church of Hebron, Conn., in
17 17, was dismissed in 1734, and was a lay
reader in the Episcopal church untU his
death. Dr. Neziah Bhss, our subject's name
sake, served fourteen terras in the Colonial
Legislature of Connecticut, and was the
father of our"pubUc coraraon school systera,"
and was also a son of the Rev. John BUss.
The subject of our sketch prepared for
college at Bradford Academy, and graduated
from the University of Vermont with high
rank, class of 1846, having as classmates
ex-Chief Justice Jameson, and H. R. Steb
bins of Chicago, Judge Belcher, Supreme
Court of California, Judge Nelson, U. S.
circuit court of Massacbusetis, Judge J. W.
May, and Hon. H. 0. Houghton (Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.), Boston.
He taught schools in Vermont and New
Hampshire, after which he studied law with
R. McK. Orrasby in Bradford. He went
West in 1847, located in Ohio, and there
taught school until 1850, then went to
Warsaw, III, continued his law studies, and
was adraitted to the bar in 1854. He forraed

a law partnership with Judge J. W. Marsh in
1856, and becarae attorney for Doan, King
& Co. of St. Louis. In 1867 he was general
superintendent of St. Louis Lead and Min
ing Co., and conducted a large business in
mining, smelting, merchandising and farm
ing. In 1882 he located at Chicago, and
became attorney and counsel for Marshall
Field & Co. ; among the raany iraportant
cases he has raanaged for that firm was one
in which he recovered ^40,000, duties illeg
ally exacted on cartons and coverings, under
tbe tariff act of 1883, the Utigation as to the
constitutionaUty of the McKinley biU, etc.

NEZIAH W. BLISS.

He married Jessie, daughter of General
and Sarissa (Wells) Andrews, at Warsaw, IU.,
Dec. I, 1852. They had eleven children:
Mary and Stella (twins), Ellis Wright, Abby,
Neziah Wright, Jr., Malcolm A., Wyslys K.,
George W., Walter E., Charies K., Harry
Staples, Ralph, Eugene B., and Margaret L.
Mr. Bliss married for a second wife, Louise,
daughter of Jaraes W^ and Catherine (TroxeU)
Baugher, and by her had three chUdren.
Mr. BUss is a raan of fine personal ap
pearance, and strong constitution which his
excellent habits have fostered He is a man
decided in his convictions of right, of per
fect integrity and truthfulness ; his character
is above reproach. Possessed of a pleasing
address, good conversational powers and
genial temperaraent, he has raade hosts of
friends.

BOARDMAN.
He is an Episcopahan, was senior warden
•of St. Bartholomew Church at Englewood,
¦where he resided with his faraily for several
years, and now resides at Longwood, a
suburb of Chicago, located on the highlands
•of the Blue Island ridge.
BOARDMAN, HENRY Elderkin Jew
ett, of Marshalltown, Iowa, son of Rev.
Elderkin J. and Ann (Gookin) Boardman,
was born in Danville, June 21, 1828. He
is a lineal descendant through eight genera
tions of the ancestor Samuel Boardman, who
emigrated frora England about 1635. He
reraoved to Weathersfield, Conn., in 1641.
The narae is first found in the records of
Ipswich, Mass., 1637-1639. The father of
Henry E. J., Rev. E. J. Boardman, was one
•of the first abohtionists of Verraont, publish
ing in 1838 a work entitled "Iraraediate
Abohtion of Slavery Vindicated."

HENRY ELDERKIN JEWETT BOARDMAN.
The subject of our sketch was educated at
Randolph and St. Johnsbury, and Meriden,
N. H., academies. Graduated at Dartmouth
CoUege, class of 1850. He spent six years
in Tennessee, Alabaraa and Maryland as
principal of academies, becoming professor
of languages in the University of East Ten
nessee at Knoxville, and was admitted to the
practice of law in Tennessee.
In 1856 he removed to Marshalltown,
Iowa, and has since been a practicing law
yer in that place and one of the largest land
owners in Iowa. In i869-'79-'88 he traveled
•extensively in the Old World. He has been

BOARDMAN. 23
president of the District Bar Association,
president of the Farmers' National Bank,
director of the First National Bank, of the
City Bank, also of the Central Iowa Railway
Co., of which he was general attorney for
many years, and has been a trustee of the
Iowa College at Grinnell. Was nominated
for supreme judge by the Deraocratic party
in 1877, as district judge in 1870 and again
in 1879, was nominated for congressman,
July, 1879. He was a delegate from the
sixth congressional district, Iowa, to the Na
tional Union Convention at Philadelphia,
August 14, 1866; also a delegate to the Na
tional Deraocratic Convention held in New
York, July 4, 1868.
July 6, 1893, at Des Moines, he was elected
president of the Sons of the American Revo
lution for the state of Iowa. The " Historian
of Iowa" says of him : "His success in pub
lic and private undertakings and his final
recoveries in litigated cases, involving ab
stract legal principles, are marvelous. This
is due to extraordinary powers of generaliza
tion and analysis, and an industry that never
tires. He is solicitous that his acts of benev
olence shaU be known only to hiraself, and
is one of the raost raodest and retiring of
raen." He raarried Miss M. E. WiUiaras (now
deceased) Dec. 7, 1858. Of this union
were three children : Della Louisa, Annette
Gookin, and Clarence Elderkin Carver (de
ceased). BOARDMAN, Halsey J., of Boston,
Mass., son of Nathaniel and Sarah (Hunt)
Boardman, was born in Norwich, May 19,
1834. He is of Puritan ancestry, a descend
ant of Samuel Boardman who settled in Con
necticut in 1 63 1.
He was educated in the pubhc schools of
his native town and at Thetford Academy,
graduating from that institution in 1854 as
the valedictorian of his class. Entering
Dartmouth CoUege in the same year he was
graduated in 1858 with high honors.
After teaching the high school at Leo
minster one year he entered as a student the
law ofifice of Norcross & Snow, Fitchburg,
Mass., and later the law ofifice of PhiUip H.
Sears of Boston. He was admitted to the
Suffolk bar in i860 and iraraediately began
the practice of his profession as senior part
ner of the law firra of Boardman & Blodgett,
this partnership continuing until the junior
partner, Caleb Blodgett, was raade a judge
of the Superior Court ; later partners have
been Stephen H. Tyng and Frank Paul.
During the past few years Mr. Boardman
has been engaged in various manufacturing
and railroad interests which have necessi
tated frequent and prolonged absences from
the state. He is president of the Duluth &

24

BOARDMAN.

BOUTIN.

Winnipeg Railroad Co., and a director of
several other corporations. He is also presi
dent of the Evans Coal Co., a large
producer of anthracite coal in Pennsylvania,
president of the Coraraercial Mining Co. of
Colorado, and a director of the Boston Ma
rine Insurance Co.

HALSEY J BOARDMAN

Mr. Boardraan is a stalwart Republican.
From 1862 to 1864 he was commissioner
of the board of enrolment, under President
Lincoln, for the fourth congressional dis
trict. In 1874 he was chairraan of the Re
publican ward and city coraraittee of the
city of Boston, also a raeraber of the cora
raon councU and in 1875 its president, and
the RepubUcan candidate for raayor the
sarae year. Frora 1883 to 1885 inclusive
Mr. Boardraan was a raember of the Massa
chusetts House of Representatives. He was
a raeraber of the railroad committee during
his entire term and its chairman during the
last two years. In this capacity he was in
strumental in securing a large amount of
legislation calculated to iraprove the railroad
service in this state, including provisions for
the change of railroad grade crossings, safety
couplings on freight cars, regulations against
discrimination in freight rates and for im
proveraent in signals and precautions to be
enforced against color bhndness — all matters
involving exhaustive examination and sound
judgment. Mr. Boardman was elected to
the state Senate in 1887 and 1888 and was
president of that body both years.

He was married in 1862 to Miss Georgie
Hinman of Boston. They have two daugh
ters. BOUTIN, Charles W., of Hampton,
Iowa, son of Joachim and Martha (Warner)
Boutin, was born in Chester, Nov. 8, 1839.
Removing at an early age to Windham he
received such an education as the district
schools of the town afforded and foUowed the
occupation of a farmer until 1858. He then
followed carpentering in Andover and Ches
ter until 1865, when he engaged in the dry
goods business in Chicago. This venture
was of short duration, for in December of the

CHARLES W. BOUTIN.

same year the entire building and stock were
destroyed by fire and he was left without a
dollar. Not daunted, however, he started
out and accepted such employment as he
could find, locating at Webster City, Iowa,
in 1867, where he engaged in the nursery
business, but this proving uncongenial he
sold his interest and removed to Hampton,
where began his life's business — that of an
architect and builder, in which profession he
stands high.
In 1 86 1 he enhsted as corporal of Co. E,
ist. Vt. Regt., and in the foUowing May went
out with the regiraent ; again enhsting August
20, in the 4th Vt. Regt., he was success
ively proraoted ist heutenant, captain and
major. Major Boutin was on duty with his
regiment and participated in aU its batties
until June 28, 1864, when with others of his

BRADFORD.

25

regiment he was captured by the rebels and
held as a prisoner of war until March, 1865,
being confined at Libby, Macon, Savannah,
Charleston and Columbia. After being ex
changed he rejoined his regiment and was
mustered out of service with it in 1865. He
took a prominent part in the organization of
the Iowa National Guards and for sixteen
years has served as captain, raajor, heuten
ant-colonel and colonel of one of the crack
regiraents of the state.
Mr. Boutin raarried at Londonderry, August
25, 1861, Marinda A., daughter of Theodore
and Sarah French. She died in 1864, while
he was a prisoner of war. He married again,
in March, 1869, Julina A. French, a sister
of his first wife. She died in April, 1886. In
November, 1888, Mr. Boutin married at
Ripley, Tenn., Erama S. Kennedy. Of this
union is one son : Charles K.
A staunch Republican, he has never evinced
a desire for pubhc oflfice. He has, however,
been a meraber of the city council, and
county auditor of Franklin county, Iowa, for
two terras ; and twice refused the noraination
for the raayoralty of Hampton.
He has taken a deep interest in matters
Masonic and has held nearly every ofifice in
the gift of the lodge and chapter ; as a Royal
Arch Mason and Knight Tempbir he has knelt
at the altar of the Mystic Shrine. Assisting in
the organization of the local post G. A. R., he
has been adjutant, past coraraander, delegate
to departraent encampment many limes and
a national delegate twice. Becarae a raera
ber of Wisconsin Coraraandery, Loyal Legion,
and assisted in organizing the Iowa Com
mandery of which he is now a member.
BRADFORD, JAMES HENRY, of Wash
ington, D. C, traces his ancestry not only
to Gov. William Bradford of Plymouth
Colony, but three or four generations further
back to Rev. John Bradford vvho after having
been chaplain to the Queen was burnt at the
stake at SmUhfield by Bloody Mary with
John Rogers, Latimer and others. His
mother, who died when he was but four
years old, was the daughter of Thoraas
Dickraan, the first postraaster, printer and
editor of Greenfield, Mass. She was a
woraan of noble character, beloved by all.
Henry attended the district school and at
sixteen mowed his turn with the men in the
hay field for the last tirae, for that autumn
he went to Charleston, S. C, into the dry
goods store of his brother-in-law.
Three years at WiUiston Seminary pre
pared him for Yale with one hundred and
sixty-two others to make the class of '63.
He had jumped from coUege to the Theo
logical Seminary, and the next step was into
the army as chaplain, having received the
unanimous vote ofthe officers ofthe 12th C.

v., for that position. From Hartford to Ship
Island, then up the Mississippi, the first
troops to land at New Orleans, where they
guarded the upper defenses while General
Butler reigned supreme. Up the far famed
Teche to the Red River, thence to Port
Hudson for a forty-two days siege, then
down the river to the old camp ground at
Brasier City ; the regiment re-enlisting re
ceived a veteran furlough. Back to New
Orleans and around to Bermuda Hundred
and Washington and up the Shenandoah
" whirling up the valley " with Sheridan. In
bloody work at ^Vincbester, Fisher's HUl,
Cedar Creek and on up to Staunton and
return. Mustered out of service with the
regiraent, corapleted a war experience of
singular freedora frora sickness or wounds.
He then went as a horae missionary to Hud
son, Wis., on the St. Croix, for two years.
Coming East for reformatory work his ser
vice in Westboro (Mass.) State Reform
School three years ; Connecticut Industrial
School four years, and Masssachusetts Pri
mary School three years gave him a broad
experience and enabled hira to leave his
impress upon hundreds of young lives, that
have none too rauch syrapathy and care. A
few raonths at Howard Mission, New Y'ork,
then to Washington where he has been for
twelve years a part of what is called The
United States Governraent. Preaching
alraost every Sabbath, chaplain in Post and
Departraent of the Grand Array and the
Loyal Legion, active in church, temperance
and charitable work, he has lived a busy life
and not less so has Mrs. Bradford, carrying
all over the country the farae of the " Ben
Hur Tableaux," her own creation ; and train
ing her two girls and two boys into a raodel
family. Chaplain Bradford is never so happy as
vvhen breathing the pure air of Vermont,
which state he visits with delight and leaves
with regret, for her hUls and vaUeys and
people are very dear to hira.
Chaplain Bradford was raarried August
19, 1865, to Ellen J., daughter of Sylvester
and J. Sophia Knight of Easthampton, Mass.
Their chUdren living are : Mary Knight,
Harry BonneU, Horatio Knight, and Faith.
BRIGHAM, HOSEA WHEELER, of Win
chester, N. H., was born at Whitinghara,
May 30, 1837, the son of John and Huldah
(Wheeler) Brighara.
Educated in the schools of his native
town and at Barre Academy he followed
farraing until 1862 when he reraoved, to
Boston, Mass., where he raade his home
untU 187 1. Resolving to follow the legal
profession he entered the ofifice of Judge
Asa French, of Boston, in 1869, and com
pleted his studies under H. N. Hix, of Sad-

26

BROWN.

BROWN.

awga. Adraitted to the Windham county
bar in 1872 he practiced his profession at
Sadawga untU 1881, being admitted, in the
meantime, to practice in the Supreme ancl
United States circuit and district courts.
Reraoving to Winchester, N. H., in 1881,
he was adraitted to the New Hampshire
courts, and has since lived at that place, en
joying a lucrative practice.
Mr. Brigham is a staunch Republican,
was a raeraber of the New Harapshire con
stitutional convention in 1889, member of
the House of Representatives i893-'94,
postmaster at Sadawga i872-'78, justice of
the peace, chancellor, and four years a
member of the Winchester board of educa
tion. He is also town clerk.
Prominent in Masonry, he is a raeraber
of PhUesian Lodge, No. 411, and of the
Royal Arch, Council and Knight Teraplar.
Mr. Brighara married at Whitingham,
Sept. 14, 1858, Florilla R., daughter of
Joseph and Rebecca Farnura. Of this union
are three children : Eva C, Ulric U., and
Maud F.
BROWN, ORLANDO J., of North
Adaras, Mass., son of Harvey and Lucina
(Fuller) Brown, was born in Whitingham,
Feb. 2, 1848.
His early education was received from his
parents, people of sturdy, representative
New England stock, and at the public
schools of his native town, later suppleraented
by several terras at Powers Institute, Ber
nardston, Mass. He began teaching in the
public schools at the early age of sixteen.
Successful in this pursuit, he not only ac
quired an education, but earned the raeans
for fitting hiraself for his early chosen pro
fession, that of medicine.
He graduated from the University of Ver
mont with the degree of M. D. in 1S70.
After studying in the hospitals of New York
for the remainder of that year. Dr. Brown
began his practice of raedicine and surgery
in Adams, Mass., Jan. i, 1871. In 1872 he
moved to North Adams, where he has been
an honored and successful practitioner to
the present time. Determined to keep apace
with the improved methods of practice, he
has taken several special courses of study at
the hospitals and raedical schools of New
York and Chicago. He excels particularly
in the treatraent of diseases of women and
children. Dr. Brown is prominent in the political
and social afifairs of North Adams, and has
a wide reputation throughout the state. He
was appointed one of the state raedical ex-
arainers for Berkshire county in 1882, which
position he stUl holds. In 1889 he was one
of the Republican norainees for representa
tive in the First Berkshire District and was

elected. In the House he was vigilant and'
active, raeriting special credit for his work
with the coraraittee on public health. Dr..
Brown is a raeraber and ofificer of the Massa
chusetts State Medical Society, Massachusetts
Medico-Legal Society, Medical Association
of Northern Berkshire, and Berkshire Dis
trict Medical Society. He has been a health
ofificer of the town raost of the tirae since
1880, and has served the state continuously
since 1878 as a medical officer of the Massa
chusetts Volunteer Mihtia. He belongs to
the order F. & A. M. and other fraternal
and beneficiary organizations, and is a mem-

ORLANDO J'. BROWN.

ber of the First Universahst Church, of
which he has been deacon since 1885, and
superintendent of Sunday school since 1872,
was raember of the building commUtee for
new church in 1892, besides holding other
important ofifices.
Dr. Brown was married, Nov. 22, 1871,
to Eva M., daughter of WiUiam and Amelia
(Blakeslee) Hodskins, who died Oct 14,
1873. Of this union therewas one chUd :
WiUiam O. (deceased) . Of his second mar
riage with Ida M., daughter of Homer and
Martha (Phelps) Haskins, which occurred
Sept. 13, 1876, is one daughter: Agnes 0.,
his only chUd surviving. The mother died
at the birth of a second child, Ida M., in
1 88 1. Dr. Brown's present wife is AUce,
daughter of Edward and Celestia (Stevens)
StoweU, to whom he was raarried Dec. 16,
1884.

BRUCE.

BUTTERFIELD.

27

BRUCE, Eli Mansfield, of Phiiadeb
phia, son of Rev. Mansfield and Grace
'Goddard) Bruce, was born in Wilmington,
AprU 25, 1825.
He was educated in the pubhc schools of
his native town and by hard appUcation dur
ing his leisure time. Fifteen years of age
found hira teaching and his aptitude and
abiUty to gain the good will and esteera of
those under his charge soon placed hira in
ihe front ranks of the instructors of Wind
hara county, and in after years when he was
in Ohio and Ilhnois he had no difificulty in
maintaining^ the reputation of the "Yankee

ELI MANSFIELD BRUCE.
School Master." In 1857 he comraenced a
business Ufe by engaging with the late Dea
con Estey — famous the world over as the
manufacturer of the Estey organs— and he
StUl carries a gold watch taken in exchange
for one of the melodeons. In the winter of
i858-'59 he visited in the East and was in
duced by Deacon Estey to go to Philadel
phia and open a market for the Estey or
gans, and the trip proved so successful that
his teaching was given up and be reraoved
to Philadelphia, where a store for Estey or
gans was opened, in which he is stiU success
fully engaged.
Mr. Bruce enhsted
raonths in the 44th, or
raent" emergency men,
the battie of Gettysburg.
Republican but has never taken raore than a
voting interest. Uniting with the Baptist
church in 1840, Mr. Bruce has led an up-

and served three
'Merchants' Regi-
about the tirae of
In pohtics he is a

right Christian hfe since, and for the past
twenty-eight years has been thoroughly in
earnest in his efforts to pursuade his fellow
men to turn from their evil ways and in his
belief that nothing less than entire and un
reserved consecration is required of every
one who professes Christianity, his energy
and money have been freely given for that
purpose. Mr. Bruce united in marriage Sept. 27,
1843, to Harriet, daughter of Daniel and
Catherine (Moore) Snow, of ^\'ilraington.
Of this union are two daughters : Kate, and
EUenH. The golden wedding of Mr. and
Mrs. Bruce was celebrated Sept. 27, 1893.
BUTTERFIELD, L. ALONZO, of Akron,
Ohio, son of Ezra T. and Mary (Leonard)
Butterfield, was born in WUraington, July
24, 1846.

L. ALONZO BUTTERFIELD.
He was educated at the district schools of
WUraington, Wesleyan Acaderay and the Bos
ton University. Since his graduation he has
devoted his entire tirae to teaching, having
followed that profession for twenty years ; one
year in Wesleyan Academy and several terms
in the Vermont Methodist Seminary, state
normal school and the New Harapton (N. H.)
Literary Institution. He taught for three
years in the Boston University ; was instruc
tor in the Newton (Mass.) Theological In
stitution, and for several years at Dartraouth
College ; was for several years associate prin-
cipalof the Boston School of Vocal Physi
ology, with Prof. Alexander Grabara BeU.

28

CARPENTER.

BUEL.

From 1878 to 1883 Prof. Butterfield developed
an original system of voice culture, and has
become widely known as a specialist in voice
culture for speakers and singers and in the
treatment of all forms of defective speech.
For several years he was a professor in the
Emerson CoUege of Oratory, Boston, Mass.,
resigning in June, 1891, to accept a caU to
the chair of rhetoric and oratory at Buchtel
CoUege, Akron, O., which position he stiU
holds. Dr. Butterfield bas been prominently
connected with summer schools and institute
work, having had charge of the department
of voice culture and oratory at the National
Summer School at Saratoga and Glens Falls,
N. Y^., for five summers, beginning in 1887.
In 1883 he was elected to a fellowship in the
Society of Science, Letters and Art, of Lon
don. He received the degree of Ph. D. from
the Emerson CoUege of Oratory in 1888.
Dr. Butterfield united in marriage, July 3,
1877, to Ruhamah, daughter of Hliram and
Betsey D. (Canney) Felker, of Barrington,
N. H. Of this union is one daughter : AUce.

BUEL, Alexander W., was born in
Rutland county, in 18 13, graduated from
the Vermont University in 1831, taught
school for many years in Verraont and New
'\'ork, during which tirae he prepared him
self for the practice of law. In 1834 he
took up his residence in Michigan; in 1836
was attorney for the city of Detroit ; in
1837 was elected tothe state Legislature;
in 1843 and 1844 was prosecuting attorney
for Wayne county ; in 1847 was again elec
ted tothe Legislature; and frora 1849 to
185 1 was a representative in Congress from
Michigan. BURKE, Edmund, was born in West
rainster, Jan. 23, 1809; was educated by
private tutors, studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1829 ; reraoved to New Hamp
shire in 1833, where he estabhshed in Sulli
van county the New Hampshire Argus. He
was a representative in Congress from New
Harapshire frora 1839 to 1845, and by Pres
ident Polk was appointed coraraissioner of
patents in Washington.

CARPENTER, MATTHEW HALE, son of
Ira and Esther
Ann (Luce)
Carpenter, was
born in More-
town, Dec. 22,
1824. When he was
six years old,
Paul Dillingham
told him to be
a good boy at
. home, and the
best pupil in
school, and
when he was
fourteen to come
to his house and
he would make a lawyer of him. The boy
then bore the narae of Decatur Merritt
Haramond Carpenter, and changed it to
Matthew Hale Carpenter when residing in
Beloit. The lawyer forgot the promise, but
the boy did not, and when he was fourteen
Merritt raade his appearance as requested,
charmed Mrs. DiUingham, as he had her
husband, and the promise was kept.
In 1843 Merritt was appointed a cadet at
West Point, remained there two years, re
signed in August, 1845, returned to Water
bury, resumed the study of law, and was ad
mitted to the W^ashington county bar at
Montpelier in Noveraber, 1847. His mother
died before he left Moretown, and while at
Waterbury he had a home in Mr. DiUing

ham's family, as weU as a student's place in
his ofifice.
Upon admission to the bar he went to
Boston to continue his studies in the ofifice of
Rufus Choate, who came to adraire and love
hira. In 1848 he went to Beloit, Wis.,
opened an ofifice, got a sign painted and
didn't have the fifty cents to pay for it, but
he did have a good library which Mr. Choate
had enabled him to buy by becoming re
sponsible to a Boston firra for payraent.
In 1849 Carpenter was stricken by what
threatened to be permanent bUndness, found
his way to New York, where he remained
sixteen months for treatment. Choate loaned
him raoney to pay his expenses. After his
New York sojourn, and a few weeks spent at
Waterbury, he returned to Beloit There
Matt Carpenter, as he was caUed by every
body in Wisconsin, soon won distinction in
his profession, and in 1858 he moved to
Milwaukee, which was thenceforward his
home. During the rebelUon he was one of those
patriots who were known as War Democrats.
His services as a soldier were not permitted
because of physical disabihty, but he was a
tower of strength to the Union cause through
out the Northwest.
In January, i8(3g, he was elected by the
Republicans of Wisconsin to the United
States Senate. In January, 1875, he was de
feated for re-election, but in January, 1879,
the state again returned her first citizen to

CAMP.

29

the Senate chamber, but he was then in de
chning health and, Feb. 25 1881, he died.
He raarried, Nov. 27, 1855, Carohne DiU
ingham, daughter of Paul Dillingham. Mrs.
Carpenter survives hira. Of their four chil
dren two died in infancy, and two, Lilian,
and Paul D., are living.
No attempt is here raade to even outiine
the work of the raost brilliant personaUty of
aU the Sons of Verraont. His genius was
not only the capacity of taking infinite pains,
but in person, in voice, in grace and charra of
Speech he had no rival. The light of the
inward fire glowed for those who heard and
saw hira. He was a student, as the raidnight
larap bore witness ; profound lawyer, as the
highest courts of the land recognized ; a
statesraan, who gave the logical ground for
his party to stand on in its work of recon
struction, and an orator who raoved not only
juries and courts, but was the idol of the peo
ple, and whose winged words raade true for
hira what he once said when asked to make
a pohtical speech, that the only ceiling under
which to do that was "God's blue sky."
CAMP, ISAAC N., of Chicago, IU., son
of Abel and Charlotte (Taplin) Camp, was
born in Elraore, Dec. 18, 1831. Both
parents were natives of Verraont. His
father, a farmer, was the postmaster and a
leading raan in town, and had charge of a
large tract of land left to the University of
Verraont by Guy Catlin, who gave hira the
disposal of a scholarship in the University ;
the father died Dec. 22, 1890, aged ninety
years. Our subject prepared for coUege at Bak
ersfield Acaderay, paying his board by
teaching rausic. At the age of twenty he
entered the University of Verraont, earning
the raoney necessary to meet his expenses,
graduating in 1856.
He immediately became assistant princi
pal of Barre Academy, where he remained
teaching mathematics and rausic untU i860
when he becarae principal of the high
school at Burlington, a position which he
filled untU his removal to Chicago in 1868,
forraing a partnership with H. L. Story,
firra narae Story & Carap. In 1884 the
Estey Organ Co. bought Mr. Story's interest
and the firm became Estey & Camp, and
has continued such. Mr. Story received
^250,000 for his interest; the capital of the
firra today is close to ^1,000,000, and U is
one of the raost substantial and reputable in
Chicago. ^
In religion, Mr. Camp is a Congregation
alist, a director in the Chicago Theological
Seminary, a member of Union Park Congre
gational Church and president of its board of
trustees.

In pohtics, he is a thorough-going Repub
lican. He is a meraber of the Illinois and
Union League clubs, a director of the Chi
cago Guaranty Life Society and the Royal
Safety Deposit Co. In April, 1891, he was
elected a director of the \Vorld's Colurabian
Exposition, and was a raember of its com
mittee on agriculture and liberal arts.

-1^

/

ISAAC N. CAMP.

Mr. Carap is a man of fine physique,
pleasing address and genial in manner ; gen
erous to church and charitable enterprises ;
the architect of his own fortune ; he is
highly esteemed in the city of his adoption.
He was united in raarriage, Jan. i, 1862,
to Flora M., daughter of the Hon. Carlos
Carpenter, of Barre. The fruit of this
union was four children, three of whora are
now living : The daughter is Mrs. M. A. Farr;
the oldest son, Edwin M., is in business with
his father ; the youngest, WiUiam C., is fit
ting for college. Mr. Camp, with his famUy,
has travelled extensively in Europe and in
the United States.
CARTER, Edmund H., of Wahpeton,
N. D., son of Rev. Ira and Ehzabeth B.
(Shedd) Carter, was born in Springfield,
August 9, 1848. He is a descendant of
Thomas Carter, who carae over in the ship
Planter in 1630 and settled at Sahsbury,
Mass. His maternal great-grandfather was
Col. Jonathan Martin, an ofificer in the
Revolutionary army and a meraber of the
first constitutional convention of New Harap
shire.

30

CASWELL.

CATE.

Edmund's education was begun in the
district schools of Springfield and cora
pleted at the M. E. Conference seminaries
of Springfield and Newbury. He learned
mercantile business of Robbins & White of
Cavendish and Tuxbury & Stone of Windsor,
and for five years frora 1874 was in the dry
goods business at FelchviUe. In 1880 took
up a governraent homestead in the Red
River VaUey, Richland county, Dakota Ter
ritory, where he has since been extensively

EDMUND H. CARTER.
engaged in farming. He owns the Cherry
HiU ranch at Mantodore, N. D., where he
raises Clydesdale horses and Exraoor ponies.
In 1884 forraed, with Hon. R. N. Ink, the
Farm Loan Co. of Ink &: Carter; in 1890
Mr. Ink withdrew, leaving Mr. Carter sole
manager of an extensive loaning business.
It is his proud boast that no investor has
ever lost a dollar through hira. "-I.T.;-
Mr. Carter is a Repubhcan in politics ; in
religion a Methodist.
CASWELL, LUCIEN B., of Fort Atkin
son, Wis., was born in Swanton, Nov. 27,
1827. At three years of age he reraoved to
Fort Atkinson, Wis., vvith his raother, gradu
ated from Beloit College, studied law with
the late Matt. Carpenter, was admitted in
185 1, and began the practice of his profes
sion. Was district attorney, i855-'56 ; mem
ber of the Legislature in 1863, i873-'74 ; was
commissioner of the Second District Enrol
ment Board ofthe state, i863-'65 ; delegate

to national Republican convention, 1880 ¦
elected to the Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth,
Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses.
CATE, George W., was born in
Montpelier, Sept. 17, 1825; received a com
mon school education, studied law and was
admitted to the bar in 1845 at MontpeUer;
removed the sarae year to Wisconsin and
located at Plover ; was elected a member of
the state Legislature in i852-'53 ; was elected
judge of the circuit court in AprU, 1854, and
held that position continuously until March
4, 1875, when he resigned upon being
elected a representative from Wisconsin in
the Forty-fourth Congress as an Independ
ent Reformer
CHAMBERLIN, EdSON J., of Ottawa,
Ont., son of Joseph M. and Roeann (Abbott)
Charaberhn, was born in Lancaster, N. H.,
August 25, 1852.
His early education was accomphshed at
the high school of Bethel and supplemented
by a course of study at the Montpeher Metho
dist Seminary. Deceraber 6, 1871, Mr.
Charaberhn entered the eraployraent of the
Central Verraont R. R. and held success
ively the positions of time keeper in the car
shops at St. Albans, clerk in the paymaster's
departraent and in the ofifice of superintend
ent of transportation. In 1875, he became
corresponding secretary of the general super
intendent, and in 1877 the private secretary
to the general raanager. April, 1884, to Sep
teraber, 1886, he acted as general manager
of the Ogdensburg & Lake Champlain R. R.
and the Central Y'ermont hne of steamers
running between Chicago and Ogdensburg.
September i, 1886, he assumed the position
of general manager of the Canada & Atiantic
R. R.
Mr. Chamberlin has never entered politi
cal life nor has he held town or county
ofifices. He is a prominent meraber of the
Masonic fraternity, belonging to Engelsby
Lodge of Burlington, a past high priest of
Charaplain Chapter, No. i, and a Sir Knight
of Lafayette Coramandery and of the su
preme council Ancient and Accepted Scottish
Rite. He was united in raarriage to Sarah G.,
daughter of Jaraes and Clarissa Place, of
Highgate, Sept 18, 1876.
CHANDLER, ALBERT BROWN, of
Brooklyn, N. Y., was born in West Randolph,
August 20, 1840, and is the youngest son of
Williara Brown Chandler, a raan whose life,
covering alraost ninety years, was marked
by an eminently Christian spirit that em
bodied in its law both of these great princi
ples that were declared as embodying all
the law and the prophets ; and whose

CHANDLER.

CHANDLER.

wife, Electa Owen, was a woraan of rare
merit, possessing uncomraon intellectual
endowments as well as high character ; she
lived to seventy years old, and both, through
out their long lives, were sincerely respected
and loved. Albert Chandler's first ancestor
in America was William Chandler, who
settled in Roxbury, Mass., in 1637. From
the three sons of this raan came the New
England branches of the famUy, araong the
merabers of which were several raen who
distinguished theraselves in civil or. railitary
life in colonial tiraes. The Hon. Zachariah
Chandler of Michigan, United States Senator
frora that state and Secretary of the Interior
under President Grant, was a descendant of
WUliam, the eldest of the three ; the Hon.
William E. Chandler, senator frora New
Hampshire, who was Secretary of the Navy
under President Hayes, and Commander
Benjamin F. Chandler, an ofificer in the
navy, are descendants of Thoraas another
of the three. Albert B. Chandler is a de
scendant of the third brother, John, and he
nurabers also araong his ancestors, in a
direct line, Mary Winthrop, daughter of
John Winthrop, the first Governor of Massa
chusetts, and sister of John Winthrop,
founder of New London and the first Gover
nor of Connecticut.
Of studious tastes, Mr. Albert B. Chandler
raade effective use of the opportunities af
forded him for securing an academic educa
tion, and in the intervals between school
proved his native industry by working as a
compositor in a printing ofifice in his native
town and in Montpeher. There was a tele
graph ofifice located in a bookstore at West
Randolph in connection with the printing
ofifice in which he worked, and this enabled
him to acquire the art of telegraphy. For
a time he was telegraph messenger and oper
ator. In October, 1858, through the influ
ence of his brother, WilUara Wallace Chan
dler, he was appointed manager of the
AVestern Union telegraph office at Bellaire, O.
In February, 1859, he was promoted toaposi-
tion in the ofifice of the superintendent of that
Railway Co., at Pittsburg, and on May i of the
same year he was appointed agent of that com
pany at Manchester, opposite Pittsburg. He
occupied this position with much credit untU
the end of May, 1863, and there became
famiUar with the various branches of railway
service. On the istof June, 1863, he entered
the U. S. railitary telegraph service as cipher
operator in the AA'ar Departraent at Washing
ton, D. C. In October of the sarae year he
was raade disbursing clerk for Gen. Thoraas
T. Eckert, superintendent of the Departraent
of the Potomac, in addition to his duties as
cipher operator. Here he became personally
acquainted with many officers of the govern

ment, and particularly with President Lincoln
and Secretary Stanton.
Early in August, 1866, before the general
consolidation ofthe several telegraph inter
ests into one corapany had becorae fully
organized, he reraoved to New York City
and became chief clerk of the general super
intendent of the Eastern division, and was
also placed in charge of the trans-Atlantic
cable traffic, which had then just com
menced. In addition to these duties Mr.
Chandler was appointed, on the first of June,
1869, superintendent of the sixth district of
the Eastern division. He continued in this
service until January, 1875, when, soon
after the election of General Eckert as pres
ident and general manager of the Atlantic
and Pacific Telegraph' Co., Mr. Chand
ler was made assistant general manager of
that corapany. In June of the same year he
was appointed secretary, and the foUowing
year he vvas raade a meraber of the board of
trustees, and subsequently treasurer and
vice president. In Deceraber, 1879, after
the resignation of General Eckert, Mr.
Chandler was elected president, continuing
in that position until the coraplete absorp
tion of the Atlantic and Pacific company by
the Western Union in 1882. The property
was corabined with that of the Western
Union, as to its operation, in the spring of
1 88 1, and his duties in connection there
with, after that tirae, were only such as were
made legally necessary by its separate cor
porate existence. In the suraraer of 1881
he acted as treasurer of the Western Union
corapany during the absence of that ofificer.
In October, 1881, he accepted the presi
dency of the FuUer Electrical Co., which
was one of the first to undertake the
developraent of the arc systera of electric
lighting. He reraained actively in that
position untU May, 1884. During the sum
mer and faU of that year, having had more
than twenty-five years incessant service, he
spent three months in Verraont, but per
formed during this period of relaxation, a
\ariety of services for the Electrical com^
pany, and also for the Coraraercial Cable
Co., whose system was then in course of
construction. Early in Deceraber, 1884, he was em
ployed as counsel by the Postal Telegraph
and Cable Co., at the instance of Mr. John
W. Mackay, and acted in that capacity
untU June i, 1885, when he was appointed
receiver of the property of tbat corapany by
the Supreme Court of New York, and had
charge of the operation of its lines and the
management of its business while the fore
closure suits, which resulted in the sale of
the property in January, 1886, were pend
ing. Upon its reorganization he was elected
president of the corapany. In connection

CHANDLER.

CHANDLER.

33

with his care of the property of the Postal
Telegraph Co., the general management of
the newly organized United Lines Telegraph
Co., was assigned to him, that company having
purchased the lines formerly known as the
Bankers and Merchants. This property sub
sequently became a part of the Postal. In
the meantime he had been made a director,
a meraber of the executive committee and a
vice-president of the Comraercial Cable Co.,
and of the Pacific Postal Telegraph Co., and a
director, and subsequently president of the
Coraraercial Telegram Co. Mainly through
his efforts the control of the plant of the
latter company was sold to the New
York Stock Exchange for the purpose of
enabling that institution to make simulta
neous distribution of its quotations to its
members, and Mr. Chandler became vice
president and general manager of the New
York Quotation Co., which assumed con
trol of the business in the interest of the
stock exchange. He is also a member of
the board of directors of the Brooklyn Dis
trict Telegraph Co., of which he was presi
dent during the first three years of its
existence. Immediately after the Western Union
Co. acquired possession in October, 1887,
of the telegraph system which had been built
up by the Baltimore & Ohio Railway Co.,
Mr. Chandler was invited by reason of his
weU-known views on the subject of tele
graphic competition, and the necessity for
it, to confer with certain of the principal
owners and ofificers of the Western Union
Co., the conference resulting in an arrange
ment for the discontinuance of rate cutting,
rebating and other destructive methods of
competition which had previously prevailed
whenever any telegraph interest attained
considerable extent. This condition has
ever since continued, with great benefit to
the telegraph companies, and to the public.
Under it, non-paying rates were of course
discontinued; but a stiU larger number of
rates were reduced, the aira being to equal
ize the charges and place the pubhc on a
uniforra basis as to telegraph rates, discrira-
inating neither for nor against any one, and
making excellence of service, in speed and
accuracy, the means of influencing patron
age. This has produced a telegraph service
which is far superior to any that has ever
before been performed, and to Mr. Chandler,
more than to any other one person, the
credit of estabhshing such conditions, both
in connection with land hnes and trans-
Atlantic service, unquestionably belongs —
negotiations respecting the latter having
been intrusted to hira, after the raerit of the
principles involved had become well assured
by experience on the land hnes. An authority
on the history of the telegraph in this

country fittingly alludes to Mr. Chandler as
"a raan of much prudence and conservative
judgment, having an engaging courtesy and
refinement." To Albert B. Chandler the Araerican public
is very largely indebted for the comparative
inexpensiveness of telegraphic communica
tion in these days, when the raost sanguine
ideas that Sarauel F. B. Morse could have
indulged in have been more than realized.
From boyhood Mr. Chandler has been con
nected with the telegraph business, and for
many years he has been prorainently identi
fied with enterprises and raovements that
have been fruitful in bringing this iraraense
interest into its present profitable and useful
condition. During the last five years that
Professor Morse lived, Mr. Chandler was
well acquainted with him, and he has had
the personal friendship of almost every one
of the prorainent promoters, inventors, own
ers, managers, etc., of telegraphic interests
and of electrical enterprises generally, which
have revolutionized the modern world. He
is at the present time president and general
manager of the Postal Telegraph Cable Co.,
vice-president of the Comraercial Cable Co.,
and president of several local companies in
different cities that are allied to those inter
ests. The raagnificent new Postal Telegraph
building erected during the past two years,
on the corner of Broadway and Murray
streets, opposite the New York City Hall, is
the raost recent of Mr. Chandler's important
enterprises. He selected the site, conducted
the negotiations which secured it, was chair
man of the coraraittee which had charge of
its construction and which now controls it.
The buUding is of liraestone, gray brick and
terra cotta, fourteen stories in height over
baseraent and cellar, and is recognized as
one of the handsomest, as well as most cora-
raodious, well-appointed and weU-lighted
office buUdings in the world. The steam
and electrical machinery are of most recent
design, of the highest order of raerit, and are
so extensive and coraplete as to coraraand
the adrairation of experts and scientists as
well as less skUlful critics. The value of
land and buUding is about two and a half
millions of dollars.
In addition to these important trusts, Mr.
Chandler has been caUed upon to give rauch
tirae and careful attention to the raanage
raent of a large estate in Brooklyn of which
he is the executor.
Mr. Chandler raarried Miss Marilla Eunice
Stedman, of West Randolph, Oct. 11, 1864,
and three children have been Ijorn of the mar
riage. The first, a daughter naraed Florence,
died in early childhood ; the others are two
sons, Albert Eckert and WiUis Derwin.
Mr. Chandler owns a handsorae residence
on Clinton avenue, Brooklyn, and has a com-

34

CHANDLER.

CHANDLER.

modius country horae in his native tovvn
where his family passes the suraraer. He is
a man of extremely pleasant manner, very
approachable, and araid his raany cares and
responsibihties finds tirae to cultivate the
graces of social life. His doraestic attach
ments are strong and he is a lover of music
and hterature, cultivating his tastes quite
freely in both these directions. He wields a
ready pen in literary and historical work, and
among his diversions has been the prepara
tion of a genealogical record of his family
that would do credit to a professional searcher.
One of his pecuUar faculties is a remarkable
raemory for names, faces and dates, and
this, with his ease in conversation, his wide
range of information and his companionable
ways, makes hira a very interesting man to
raeet and to know.
CHANDLER, WILLIAM WALLACE, of
Chicago, was born at West Randolph, Jan.
7, 1 82 1. He was the eldest of a faraily of
eight boys, there having been two girls older
and three younger than hiraself. Twelve of
these thirteen chUdren lived to becorae
parents, one girl having died in infancy.
His parents, WiUiara Brown and Electa
Owen Chandler, were raarried at Hanover,
N. H., in 1816, and reraoved iraraediately
to West Randolph, where they resided to
gether for fifty years, lacking four raonths,
when his raother passed to a higher life, —
his father surviving until he was eighty-nine
and one-half years old when he died at the
residence of his son Frank in Brooklyn,
N.Y. His paternal ancestor, WUliara Chandler,
carae frora England to Roxbury, Mass., in
1637, only seventeen years after the landing
of the Pilgriras.
WiUiara Brown Chandler, whose birth
dates back to primitive times, learned the
manufacture of farraing and carpenters'
tools and other branches of handiwork in
iron and steel, frora a horseshoe to articles
and irapleraents requiring far more skUl.
He also owned a farm (less than thirty
acres), where this large faraily were reared,
— the sraaU farra contributing largely to
their support. As was the case in most
Vermont farailies in those days, industry
and econoray were necessary, and as soon
as the Chandler chUdren were able to work
their services were utUized, and they were
never idle, although never overtaxed. When
there was no work, their mother, who was a
natural and competent teacher, managed to
keep them studying, which was a great ben
efit, as the school terras were liraited to
three raonths in suramer and winter.
The subject of this sketch was a robust,
hearty boy, and his services on the httie
farm and araong the neighbors were too val

uable, after he was nine years old, to allow
him to attend school except the three winter
months. From early childhood, he manifested an
inchnation to write in aU sorts of places
where letters could be formed, with a stick
on the sand, or in the smooth snow, and a
new shingle was a deUght to hira. At the
age of fifteen, with very little instruction, and
without the aid of copies of any raerit, he
had succeeded in formulating a system of
penmanship which attracted rauch atten
tion in his native town and throughout the
county. Soon after passing his fifteenth birthday,
he was induced to teach an evening class of
thirty-eight persons in the viUage near his
horae. Not only boys and girls were his
pupils, but their parents also. He possessed
the rare faculty of being able to impart to
others whatever he knew himself. His suc
cess in this, his first school, was regarded as
alraost marvelous. This was before the days
of steel and gold pens, and he provided each
pupil with three quill pens, uniform as to
quality, which they used alternately for each
lesson. The next day the pens were "mended"
for the following lesson.
To make a good quill pen, and hundreds
of thera alike, was "high art" — not one man
in a hundred could do it, but he could, and
afterwards taught thousands to foUow very
closely his raethod. In the autumn of 1843,
at Montpeher, he taught nearly every mem
ber of the Legislature to make a quiU pen,
no one paying hira less than one dollar,
and sorae voluntarily paid him five dollars,
and one senator frora Vergennes handed him
a ten dollar note, remarking as he did so, "I
never paid any money for anything more
cheerfully." The spring after his first school, he at
tended a term at Randolph Acaderay, or as
it was called, " The Orange County Gram
mar School." Soon after he commenced his
studies here, the preceptor asked him to caU
at his room that evening, which he did. He
said : " I have learned of your wonderful
success as a teacher of penmanship last win
ter at the West village. Here are between
one and two hundred students at this acad
emy, very few of whom are able to write
even tolerable. They have no systera what
ever, yet many of them are teachers. Now
I am aware that if you should have classes
in writing, you would be able to do very
little with your own studies, but I am anxious
to have these students instructed and wiU
pay whatever we can agree upon for each
pupil, relying upon rayself to coUect from
thera sufificient to reimburse me. You pro
cure suitable stationery, keep an account of
what you pay therefor, which shall be re
funded. Make three classes — I will arrange

/^5^?^^^^^^^^^^

36

CHANDLER.

CHASE.

for the time of each, — one in the forenoon,
one in the afternoon and one in the evening,
using the acaderay hall. If you find you
have not tirae to set the copies in each book,
lirait your work to blackboard illustrations."
Suffice it to say, most of those students were
his pupUs, and he was well paid for his
services, albeit he was obliged to give up his
studies. When that school term closed an
extensive farraer, who also ran a brickyard,
said : " I want you for three raonths to work
as I raay direct, and will pay you 1 15,00
per month.'' When the time was up the
farmer said, " Here are ^45, that fulfils the
contract, but I ara paying some of the others
I20 per raonth, and your services have been
more valuable than theirs, and no grumbling,
therefore I gladly make you a present of
^15." Farraers of that class are now nearly
extinct. That autumn he attended another academy
for three months, where he also had a class
in penmanship, — not so large, however, but
that he was able to devote more than half
his time towards perfecting his education.
The following winter he taught a district
school in a village, and had a large evening
class in writing. Thus he continued to
work and to study as best he raight be able
until he was nineteen years of age, when he
entered Norwich Military Acaderay, an ex
ceUent school, especially for the study of
raatheraatics, of whichhe was especially fond.
This school he attended nearly five terras, in
the aggregate, teaching raore or less between
tiraes, and this was by far the best opportu
nity he ever had for instruction. Frora that
tirae until he was twenty-four years of age,
he taught penmanship in most of the large
towns of Vermont and some in the state of
New York, in acaderaies, seminaries, col
leges, and rooms which he rented outside of
schools. In June, 1845, he was persuaded to take
a position as advance agent for a concert
troupe, affording him an exceUent opportu
nity to learn men and things, especially to
study geography practically.
In Septeraber following, he returned to his
teaching for nine raonths at Bakersfield
Acaderay, at St. Albans, and other towns in
Northern Verraont.
Having had experience as an advertising
agent, the Cheney faraily (the famous Ver
mont singing raasters), who had organized
as a concert troupe, sought his services in a
similar capacity, making him a very terapt
ing offer, which he accepted, and reraained
with them nearly eight raonths, when they
disbanded at Albion, N. Y. Not long there
after he engaged with another concert
troupe, where he continued until February,
1853, during which experience he visited
twenty states of the Union, traversing some

of them several tiraes over, travehng a great
part of the time with a pair of horses and
buggy— a good way to see the country
thoroughly. March 5, 1853, he entered the employ at
Cleveland, Ohio, of the Cleveland, Pittsburg
& Wheeling R. R., as fourth clerk in a
freight ofifice. In about three raonths he
was proraoted to first clerk, and before the
end of three years he was advanced to the
position of general freight agent of the road,
where he remained nearly nine years, when
he was sent to Chicago upon the organiza
tion of the "Star Union Line," the pioneer
of the through freight lines of this country.
From that tirae untU the present date.
May 10, 1893, he has been the general agent
of that corapany at Chicago. For more than
forty years he has been so constantly em
ployed by the Penna. Co. in different capac
ities as to have received his pay for each
and every day.
AprU I, 1893, his health being somewhat
impaired, he was retired on full pay, retain
ing his rank and title, whether or not he
ever performs any further service.
Mr. Chandler enjoys the distinction of
having invented and put in operation the first
refrigerator cars ever built in this or any other
country. He neglected to procure a patent,
not realizing at the time the raagnitude of
the business which such cars would attain in
a little more than a quarter of a century.
Many thousands of such cars are in daily
use aU over this broad land.
Mr. Chandler has been married three
tiraes, his first wife bearing him two sons,
both of whora died in infancy. The two
sons of his second wife are raarried and liv
ing in New York City : WilUara W. Jr., born
Thanksgiving Day, 1856, and Fred Brown
Chandler, born Thanksgiving Day, 1859, at
Cleveland, Ohio.
He married his third wife, Miss Lavinia
B. Pendleton, August 18, 1 881, in Boston,
her native city, where for several years she
had ranked among the first of that city's fa
raous teachers. She is a lady of thorough
education and refineraent, and besides being
her husband's constant companion is his

araanuensis.

CHASE, LUCIEN B., was born in Ver
mont, and was representative in Congress
frora Tennessee, frora 1845 to 1847, and for
a second term, ending 1849. He was the
author of a work entitled "History of Presi
dent Polk's Adrainistration."
CHEEVER, DUSTIN GROW, of Clinton,
Wis., son of Josiah Rider and Candace Grow
(Bronson) Cheever, grandson of Nathaniel
Cheever, and great-grandson of WiUiam

CHEEVER.

CHEEVER.

37

Cheever, who were pioneers of Hardwick,
was born in Hardwick, Jan. 30, 1830.
He received his education in the public
schools of his native town, and at Derby
Acaderay, where he was a schoolraate of
Hon. Redfield Proctor. Mr. Cheever was
reared on a farm, but spent the winters either
in attending school or teaching. In the
spring of 185 1 he emigrated to Wisconsin,
and settled in Chnton, where he stiU resides.
He at once engaged in agricultural pursuits
with marked success, and has made that his
chief occupation.
Mr. Cheever has ever been an ardent Re
pubUcan, and many times has been honored
by holding positions of trust and responsi
bihty. During the years 1856 and 1858 he
was town superintendent of schools ; in 1857
hewas elected town clerk; 1865 and 1875
he was chairman of the town board of sup
ervisors, and from 1865 to 1873 inclusive was
justice of the peace. During the war of the
rebeUion, frora 1861 to 1865, he was enroll
ing ofificer for the town, was chairraan and
treasurer of the recruiting coramittee to keep
filled the town quota of volunteers. He was
deputy postraaster from 1871 to 1877 and
managed the Clinton postoffice mainly dur
ing those years.
In 1872 he was elected a raeraber of the
Wisconsin Legislature, and re-elected in
1873 ; in 1873 was appointed by Gov. C. C.
Washburn a member of the committee to
visit the charitable institutions of the state
and make reports to the Legislature, was
chairraan of the coraraittee, a meraber of the
coraraittee on claims, and was frequently
speaker pro tem of the Assembly. From
1876 to 1883 was trustee of the Wisconsin
Deaf and Dumb Institute, located at Dela-
van, Wis., and during the entire time was a
meraber of the executive committee ; was
also a raember of the budding coraraittee,
having in charge the construction of its pres
ent fine buildings, erected since the old
ones were destroyed by fire, Sept. 16, 1879.
Early, in life he became connected with
the Baptist denomination and has ever had
an active interest in its welfare. He was a
meraber of the building coraraittee to erect
their present fine church edifice in the vil
lage of Clinton and contributed liberally of
his rirae and means to its corapletion ; has
been superintendent of Sunday school and
for raany years teacher of a Bible class. He
is a raember of Good Samaritan Lodge, No.
135, A. F. &A. M., and was the first man
made a Mason in Chnton. For many years
he served the order either as senior deacon,
junior or senior warden and has been dele
gate to the Grand Lodge ; is a meraber of
Beloit Chapter No. 9, Royal Arch Masons.
He is also a meraber of Hope Temple of
Honor and Teraperance, No. 33, and takes

a deep interest in aU teraperance reforra
work. In years past when business cares
were less pressing he was an active raember
of the I. O. O. F.
Mr. Cheever was married Jan 4, 1853, to
Christiana, daughter of Dustin and Sarah
( Lamson) Grow. Of this union are two sons :
Ralph Wright Cheever, editor and proprietor
of the Clinton Herald, a Republican weekly ;
he is also viUage postmaster, appointed by
President Harrison. The other son, Arthur
Josiah, is a farmer. Mrs. Cheever died Jan.
I, 1873. October 17, 1878, he raarried Mrs.
Dell Louisa (Shuraway) Bailey, who has a
daughter by her first husband, Phebe L.
BaUey, also a resident of Clinton.
CHEEVER, Silas Grow, of San Fran
cisco, Cab, son of Capt. Josiah Rider and
Candace Grow (Bronson) Cheever, was
born in Hardwick, June 23, 1838. His pa
ternal and raaternal ancestors were frora
England. His great-grandfather, WiUiara
Cheever, who was born in Chatham, Mass.,
in 1745, was one of the early settlers of
Verraont. The subject of this sketch received his
education at the schools of his native state
and frora private lessons frora professional
instructors in the West after leaving horae.
During the years of his rainority he worked
on his father's farra until 1856, when he
went to Wisconsin, where his eldest brother,
Hon. D. G. Cheever, resides. He was there
engaged in farming, teaching school and
bagging grain for Chicago, Milwaukee and
Racine markets. In the spring of 1859 he
raoved to Iowa and engaged in farming and
buUding. From there he crossed the plains
to Nevada, where he was interested in rain
ing, and as contractor and builder, until De
ceraber, 1867, when he went to California,
arriving in San Francisco in January, 1868,
where he stiU resides. He then purchased
a half interest in the Evangel, the organ
of the Baptist denomination, and was for
several years associated with Rev. Stephen
Hilton as assistant editor and business man
ager ; and it was during his connection with
that journal that it saw its most prosperous
days. Subsequently he disposed of his in
terest in that paper and engaged in general
advertising, including in his list of papers
the Daily and Weekly Call, also Bulle
tin and several of the leading weekhes of
the Pacific coast.
He has always voted the Republican
ticket, and soraetiraes raade political
speeches at club meetings, but always de
clined to run for ofifice.
He was captain of Co. Q, of the Nevada
state mihtia, and was afterwards appointed
assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of
major and served on Gen. John B. Winter's

38

CHIPMAN.

CRISTY.

staff in 1867. When on the plains, he, at the
head of a company of deterrained men, ar
rested and disarmed a band of rebels and
half-breed Indians who were disturbing and
robbing emigrants, and turned thera over to
the coraraander at Fort Independence on
the Sweetwater river.
He has been an Odd Fellow for raore
than twenty years and is a past grand of
Unity Lodge of San Francisco and was its
representative fo the Grand Lodge in 1877,
and its perraanent secretary and organist
since 1882. He has been a raeraber of the
Handel and Haydn Society and held the
ofifice of financial secretary and trustee.
Having a fine and well cultivated tenor voice
he was in deraand for church choirs and he
has been tenor soloist and director of several
and also superintendent and rausical director
of their Sunday schools. He is a raeraber
of the First Baptist Church of San Francisco,
and also the Pacific Coast Association Native
Sons of Verraont and held the ofifice of secre
tary in 189 1 and 1892, and vice-president.
He is editor and proprietor of the Maple
Leaf, which he publishes in the interest of
the Verraont Association.
He was raarried in 1858 to Miss Anna
WeUs, of Wisconsin, and they had one son :
Edwin Freeraont Cheever, who died in 1863,
and his wife died in 1885. In AprU, 1887,
Mr. Cheever was raarried to Miss Phoebe
H. Carr, and of this union is one son : Earl
Howard Cheever, born Feb. 15, 1890. Mr.
Cheever has two brothers, D. G. and E. W.
B. Cheever, and one sister, Mrs. Adaline L.
Mason. CHIPMAN, John S., was born in Ver
raont, and was a representative in Congress
from Michigan from 1845 to 1847.
CHITTENDEN, L. E., of NewYork City,
was the son of Giles, who was the fifth in
descent frora Thomas Chittenden, the first
Governor of Vermont. He was born at
WiUiston, May 24, 1824.
Educated at the WiUiston and Hines
burgh academies, he studied law with Nor
man L. Whittemore, of Swanton, and was
adraitted to the bar in Frankhn county,
with John G. Saxe and Croydon Beckwith in
Septeraber, 1844. Commencing practice in
Burlington in the spring of 1845, his part
ners in succession were Wyelys Lyman, Ed
ward J. Phelps and Daniel Roberts. In 1 86 1
Mr. Chittenden was appointed by Governor
Fairbanks a meraber of the Peace Confer
ence, which raet at Washington on the invi
tation of the Governor of Virginia, on the
third of February in that year. As he kept
the records of the conference he afterwards
published them in 1864. At the request of
Salmon P. Chase he accepted the position of

Register of the Treasury, which position he
held untU 1864. In 1867 he coramenced
the practice of his profession in New York
City, where he still resides. Mr. Chitten
den has collected, and stiU owns, probably
the largest collection of books printed in
and relating to Vermont. He has pubUshed
the following books and pamphlets : "Ad
dress on the Centennial Celebration at
Ticonderoga," "Address on the Dedication
of the Monument to Ethan Allen at Bur
lington," "RecoUections of Abraham Lin
coln and his Administration," "Reminis
cences from 1840 to 1890," and several
other pamphlets and raagazine articles.
He has been a RepubUcan since the for
mation of the party, and was an organizer of
the Free Soil party in 1848. He is also a life
member of the N. E. Society, of the Repub
lican and Grolier clubs, and the Society of
Medical Jurisprudence.
CRISTY, Austin Phelps, of Worces
ter, Mass., son of John B. and Louisa L.
(Cooke) Cristy, was born in Morristown,
May 8, 1850.
Beginning in the district schools of his
native town, his education was continued in
the high school at Reading, Mass., and the
academy at Monson, Mass., graduating
from Dartraouth coUege in the class of '73.
In 1874 he was adraitted to Hampden
county bar, having studied law with Judge
Chester I. Reed, of Boston, and with Leon
ard and WeUs, of Springfield, Mass. He
practiced his profession in Marblehead and
Worcester, Mass.
In 1884, Mr. Cristy started the Worces
ter Sunday Telegrara, and in 1886, the Wor
cester Daily Telegrara. He is the editor
and chief owner of both ; they have a
larger circulation and advertising patronage
than any other newspapers in New England,
outside of Boston and Providence.
In politics Mr. Cristy is a RepubUcan.
He was raarried in 1876 at Ware, Mass.,
to Mary E., daughter of Henry and Mary
Bassett. Their children are : Horace W.,
Austin P., Jr., Mary L., Rodger H., and
Edna V.

CLARK, Chester Ward, of Boston,
Mass., son of Araasa F. and Belinda (Ward)
Clark, was born in Glover, August 9, 185 1.
Educated at Orleans Liberal Institute and
PhiUips Exeter Acaderay, he began the study
of law in May, 1874, with B. C. Moulton, of
Boston. Adraitted to the bar March 12,
1878, he iraraediately began practice in Bos
ton, and has since assiduously applied him
self to his chosen profession, in that city.
He has attained a great degree of success,
having established a lucrative practice.

CLARK.

39

His residence is at Wilmington Mass.,
-where he is prominent in local affairs, having
served as chairman of various organizations.
He has originated and forwarded numerous
pubhc improvements. The high standard of
WUraington' s public schools is greatly owing
to what he has done for them.

CHESTER WARD CLARK.

Mr. Clark is a member of the following
organizations in Boston : The Congregational
Club ; the Middlesex Club ; the PhiUips Exe
ter Alurani Association and the Verraont As
sociation. CLARK, EZRA, Jr., was born in Ver
mont, and, having removed to Connecticut,
was elected a representative to the Thirty-
fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving as a member of the
¦committee on elections.
CLARK, FRANK G., of Cedar Rapids,
Iowa, son of Theo. F. and Mary A. (Taylor)
•Clark, was born in Roxbury, April 17, 1838.
Fitted for college at South Woodstock and
Barre acaderaies, he graduated at Middle
bury CoUege, class of 1864 ; began the study
of law in the office of General Hopkins,
county clerk of Rutland ; completed his legal
course with Washburne and Marsh of Wood
stock, where, Deceraber, 1866, he was ad
raitted to the bar.
In June, 1867, he opened a law ofifice at
BeUe Plaine, Benton county, Iowa, continu
ing in practice untU November, 1876, whenbe

reraoved to Cedar Rapids, where he is now
engaged in a lucrative practice.
In early life Mr. Clark taught schools in
Bridgewater, Porafret, ProctorsvUle, WUl-
iarastown, and as principal of an acaderay
at Chester. At BeUe Plaine, Iowa, he or
ganized and taught the first graded school,
and was chairraan of the school board for
several years. He has also represented his
county in the state Legislature.
Lawyer Clark has an enviable war record.
He enlisted as a private August, 1862, and
was elected second lieutenant Co. G, six
teenth Verraont Volunteers, W. G. Veazey,
colonel. April i, 1863, he was promoted
first heutenant Co. I. He took part in the
Gettysburg campaign, and actively partici
pated in the raovement that resulted in the
repulse of Pickett's faraous charge on the
afternoon of July 3. Mustered out soon
after and returned to college, graduating the
foUowing summer ; called to take charge of
Chester Academy, fall of '64, he contiuned
there tUl Jan. 4, '65, when he again enlisted,
serving on the Northern frontier until the
close of the war, being mustered out in
June, 1865.
He was united in wedlock at Rochester,
Sept. 5, 1865, to Harriet N., daughter of
David and Sarah Newton, who died Sept. 28,
1892, leaving six children, one of whora,
Charles Newton, had died. The living chil
dren are : Charles F., Paul N., David F.,
Robert L., and Maud. Previous to her
raarriage Harriet N. Newton was widely
known as a very successful teacher, having
taught in Rochester, Granville, Randolph
Williarastown, Barre, Berlin, and the acade
raies at Barre and Chester.
CLARK, Jefferson, of NewYork City,
son of Amasa F. and Behnda (Ward) Clark,
was born in Glover, Oct. 3, 1846.
He fitted for college at Orleans Liberal
Institute, and Newbury Serainary, graduated
frora Araherst in 1867, took his legal course
at Colurabia College Law School. He was
principal of high school at Needham, Mass.
two years, was admitted to the bar in New
York in 1872. In 1875 he forraed a law
partnership with Sanford H. Steele (brother
of the late Judge Steele), under the firm
name of Steele & Clark. In 1884 his pres
ent partnership with Edwin W. Sanborn
(son of the late Professor Sanborn of Dart
mouth CoUege) was forraed under the narae
of Clark & Sanborn, with offices in Mutual
Life building. Lawyer Clark is especially
effective as an advocate before a jury, and
has been engaged in raany important cases,
both in state and in United States courts.
Mr. Clark was a charter raeraber of the
Repubhcan Club of New York, in which
city he says "It takes a genuine Y'ermonter

40

CLARK.

CLARKE.

to be a Republican." He has never held or
sought ofifice.
He is a member of the following organiza
tions : Association of the Bar of the City of
New York, New York State Bar Association,
New York Law Institute, University Club,
Union League Club, of which he has been a
member of the coramittee on political re
form ; American Geographical Society, life
raember of New England Society, Alpha
Delta Phi Club, Phi Beta Kappa Alurani in
New York, National Sculpture Society, Mun
icipal Art Society.

JEFFERSON CLARK.
Noveraber 17, 1885, Mr. Clark married
Cynthia Hawley, daughter of the late Hiram
C. Bennett of New Y'ork.
CLARK, William bullock, of Balti
more, Md., was born in Brattleboro, Dec. 15,
i860. He is the son of Barna A. and Helen
C. (Bullock) Clark. His paternal and ma
ternal ancestry came, the forraer to Plyraouth,
the latter to Salera, Mass., during the first
decade of the colony's settleraent. The rec
ords show them to have been prominent in
the affairs of those towns. A few generations
later his paternal ancestors were among the
pioneer settlers of Westminster, his maternal,
of Guilford.
He graduated from Brattleboro high school,
class of 1879 ; Amherst CoUege, class of 1884,
degree of A. B. ; Royal University, Munich,
Germany, in 1887, degree of Ph.D.; after
wards studied in Berlin and London, being

absent altogether nearly four years in Eu
rope. Mr. Clark was especially fortunate in
receiving instruction at Munich from the
world renowned Professor von Zittel.
In 1887 hewas caUed to the Johns Hopkins
University to organize a course of instruction
in stratigraphical geology and palaeontology.
He has continued a professor in that university,
making Baltiraore his residence, and holding
the chair of organic geology.
In 1888 he was appointed a raeraber ofthe
U. S. geological survey and requested to pre
pare one of a series of reports on the exist
ing knowledge of Araerican geology. The
volume was pubhshed in 1891. In. 1889,
under the auspices of the U. S. geological
survey, he made investigations in the Caro
linas, Georgia, and the Rocky Mountains and
since 1890 has conducted work for the state
and national surveys, in Maryland and New
Jersey, publishing a work on American
fossils. In 1891 Professor Clark became interested
in establishing a state weather service for
Maryland, which was forraed under the aus
pices of the Johns Hopkins University, Mary
land Agricultural College, and U. S. weather
bureau ; the organization was recognized by
the Legislature of the state in 1892, and
he was, by the Governor, appointed the di
rector. Professor Clark was instrumental in form
ing, in 1888, the Brattleboro Society of Nat
ural History, one of the objects of which
was to form a natural history museum to
be placed in the Brooks Library building;
of this society he is secretary.
Professor Clark is a raeraber of many
scientific societies in this country and in
Europe. He was united in raarriage at Boston,
Oct. 12, 1892, to Ellen Clarke, daughter of
Edward A. Strong.
CLARKE, ALBERT, of Boston, Mass.,
son of Jedediah and Mary (Woodbury)
Clarke, was born in GranviUe, Oct 13, 1840.
He received his education in the public
schools of Rochester and at West Randolph
and Barre acaderaies. He studied law at
Montpelier and began practice there in part
nership with Hon. W. G. Ferrin. After
practicing there and in Rochester about six
years (with the exception of a year in the
army) he removed to St. Albans and en
gaged in editorial work upon the Daily and
Weekly Messenger. He bought that paper
and also the Transcript in 1870, consoli
dated thera and pubhshed until 1880, when
he sold out to S. B. Pettengill. After spend
ing a winter in Washington in charge of
some of the congressional work of Hon.
Bradley Barlow, he reraoved in 1881 to Bos
ton, where he engaged in journalisra, attend-

CLARKE.

CLEMENT.

41

ing somewhat at the sarae tirae to raUroad
interests. He was president of the Verraont
& Canada Railroad Co. and assisted in con
soUdating it with the Central Verraont. Pre
vious to this, while at St. Albans, he con
ducted a raeraorable controversy on " rail
road politics."
He was on the staff of the Boston Daily
Advertiser when that paper bolted Blaine's
nomination in 1884, but, not bolting himself,
he resigned and becarae assistant to the
president of the B. & L. R. R., but he re
signed this position to accept a call to Rut
land as editor and manager of the Herald,

ALBERT CLARKE.
where he remained about three years. He
returned to Boston and was elected secretary
and executive ofificer of Horae Market Club
and has been annually re-elected since.
In 1874 he was state senator frora Frank
lin county. In 1892 was delegate from
Massachusetts to Republican national con
vention in Minneapolis, and an active sup
porter of Harrison. Enhsted as a private
in Co. I, 13th Vt. Vols., at Montpelier,
August, 1862, promoted to first sergeant of
that company, and later to first lieutenant
Co. G, which he commanded at the batde
•of Gettysburg. He was mustered out wUh
the regiraent a raonth later ; was colonel on
the stafif of Gov. Paul DilUnghara. In 1887,
'88 and '89 he was secretary and executive
¦ofificer of the Verraont Commission to build
raonuraents at Gettysburg.
Colonel Clarke has given the Home Market
BuUetin reputation, influence and circulation

second to no other economic journal in the
world. He has delivered raany public ad
dresses and spoken in campaigns in several
states ; has held public discussions upon the
tariff with Edward Atkinson, Josiah Quincy,
W. L. Garrison and others of note, and has
written upon it for leading magazines.
He was coraraander of Post Baldy Smith,
G. A. R., at St. Albans ; junior vice-com
mander, Departraent of Verraont ; belongs
to Massachusetts Coraraandery, Loyal Legion
of U. S. In i8go was president of Verraont
Veteran Association of Boston, and has been
four tiraes elected president of the WeUesley
Club. He raarried, Jan. 21, 1864, Josephine,
daughter of Hon. E. D. and Eliza (Hodg
kins) Briggs, of Rochester. They had three
children: Albert Briggs (deceased), Josie
Caroline (deceased), and Mary Elizabeth.
His twin brother, Alraon, was assistant sur
geon loth Vt. Vols., and surgeon ist Vt.
Cavalry. He lives in Sheboygan, Wis.
CLEMENT, Austin, of Chicago, lib,
son of Ebenezer and AdoUne (Lamb) Cle
ment, was born at Bridgewater, Sept. 19,
1842. He received his education in the district
schools of his native town and Hydeville,
with one year at Black River Academy, Lud
low. From fifteen until nineteen he was
clerk in a country store at Hydeville, when,
in 1 86 1, he becarae clerk in a flour raiU in
lUinois. Through the iUness of the owner
the entire responsibihty of the business, for
several raonths, feU upon this boy of nine
teen and so well did he discharge the varied
duties of his position (buying, raanufactur
ing and seUing) that he was offered a better
situation by several business raen. He ac
cepted a clerkship in the leading dry goods
store of the town, taking "fourth place" and
within a year was proraoted to "first place,"
having the raanageraent of the business dur
ing his partner's absence ; who, upon his re
turn, raade hira junior partner. So weU did
he apply hiraself to business that within two
years he was the sole owner. He was for a
while cashier of a bank, which position he
resigned to go to Chicago, where, with an
elder brother and others, he founded the
clothing firra of Cleraent, Ottraan & Co.,
which has continued, with a change or two
in narae (Cleraent, Bane & Co. for the past
fifteen years) for a quarter of a century and
is today one of the leading firras in the
United States. In 1885 the business was in
corporated and Mr. Clement was elected
president. In 1867 Mr. Clement raarried, at Adrian,
Mich., Sarah Montgoraery. They have two
sons : Allan, and Arthur. Allan graduated
at the Chicago Manual Training School,

42

COLTON.

CRAGIN.

learning the trade of a cutter in his father's
factory, and now occupies a responsible po
sition, being a director and assistant mana
ger. Arthur has nearly completed* the

Native Sons of Verraont. When he took the-
ofifice, in 1887, the association was in a crip
pled condition and its dissolution expected,
but upon his retirement it was, and stUl is, a
raost flourishing and prosperous organization.
Mr. Colton is a Mason, a raember of the
A. O. U. W., I. O. R. M., and A. O. F. of
America.

AUSTIN CLEMENT.

chemical engineering course at the Massa
chusetts Institute of Technology. Father
and sons are raembers of the Sons of Ver
mont of Chicago, and often visit the Green
Mountain state to enjoy its beautiful scenery.
COLTON, ALRIC OSWY, of San Fran
cisco, Cab, son of Franklin D. and S. (Has
kins) Colton, was born at West Bolton, Jan.
23, 1852. His father, who studied law with
Hon. George F. Edraunds at Burhngton, was
for several years a prorainent lawyer of Chit
tenden county, and at one tirae a member of
the Assembly. He went to California in
1859, and was for several years one of the
raost prominent attorneys of Sonoma county.
The subject of our sketch was taken to
Petaluma, Cab, at the age of eleven, and
there educated in the public schools and at
the Baptist College of California. In 1874
he went to San Francisco, where he was ad
mitted to the bar the following year, and has
since been engaged in an extensive law
practice, with ofifice in the Mills building.
In politics he has always been an ardent
and active Republican. He has held sev
eral important ofificial positions, and during
1 89 1 -'9 2 served as prosecuting attorney for
the city and county of San Francisco.
Mr. Colton was for four consecutive years
president of the Pacific Coast Association

1
1
&
^
1
4
i
K
ALRIC OSWY COLTON.
He was raarried at San Francisco, June 11,
1879, to Frances, daughter of Samuel and
Margaret Henry.
CRAGIN, Aaron H., was bom in
Weston, Feb. 3, 182 1; adverse circum
stances prevented hira frora obtaining a col
legiate education ; but having studied law,
came to the bar in Albany, N. Y., in 1847,
and the same year reraoved to Lebanon,
N. H. He was a raember of the New
Hampshire Legislature frora 1852 to 1855;.
was elected a representative from that state
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress. In 1859 he
was again elected a member of the state
Legislature. In 1864 he was elected a sena
tor in Congress, frora New Hampshire, foir
the term of six years frora 1865.
CROSBY, HENRY B., of Paterson, N. J.,.
son ofthe late Watson Crosby of West Brat
tleboro, was born in Brattleboro, AprU 13,
1 81 5. His father was frora Cape Cod,
moved into the country a young raan, mar
ried the daughter of Deacon Joseph Bangs
CROSBY.

CULVER.

43

of Hawley, Mass., and lived on so called
"Tater Lane" West Brattleboro, where they
raised a family of ten chUdren of which
Henry was the sixth.
He was early thrown upon his own re
sources. At the age of twelve he evinced a
taste for mechanics and followed that busi
ness until he becarae a raaster of raechanics
and in the year of 1837 went to Paterson
and took charge of Mr. Colt's factory for the
manufacture of Colt's patent firearms, and
was the first to exhibit them before Con
gress. After the failure of Mr. Colt Mr.
Crosby entered into the grocery business in
Paterson with a small capital which proved

HENRY B. CROSBY.

to be the beginning of his success, and
which was enlarged from time to time, untU
k became the largest wholesale and retaU
store in that line in the county of Passaic,
and he was called the " King Grocer of New
Jersey." In 1876 he took his son in busi
ness with him, and they continued together
untU 1886, when he retired and left the
business to his son.
He was a staunch Republican and cast his
first vote for WUliam H. Harrison ; he never
aspired to political promotion, and could
not be called a politician.
He devoted much time and money to the
growth of the city of Paterson, and he has
the credU of doing raost of any raan by way
of every iraproveraent, giving his influence
also to good government, good morals and
the general welfare of the city.

He is one of the first stockholders and
directors of the First National Bank of
Paterson, also is vice-president of the
Savings Bank. He is the president of the
Cedar Lawn Cemetery, also a member of the
Paterson Board of Trade. He was the in
stigator of the public parks, and succeeded
in the city purchasing two large tracts of
land, each side of the city for public parks,
and is now called the "Father of Parks."
His business relations with firms in New
York brought him into prominence there.
He is a raember of the New York Produce
Exchange. Since his retirement from business he has
spent rauch tirae in travels in this and for
eign countries, and has visited nearly all of
the iraportant cities of the Old World.
Mr. Crosby was raarried, Feb. 22, 1840,
to PauUne S. Hathorn, by whora he had five
children, of whom Josephine, Annie and
John Henry are stUl living. Mrs. Crosby
died in July, 1872. He married a second
tirae, in Deceraber, 1875, Harriet Rogers of
Stockbridge, Mass., and by her had two
children : Henry Barry,-and Florence.
He now enjoys the pleasure of talking
over the past with sorae choice friends, and
is proud to say that he has been in business
over forty years and never had a note pro
tested or dishonored, and never paid less
than one hundred cents on a dollar.
He lives in one of the finest establish
ments in the city and gives himself to the
enjoyraent of all he can find in .life, spend
ing his winters in the South.
CULVER, Marshall Lyman, of San
Francisco, Cab, son of Isaac H. and Mary
E. (Hatch) Culver, was born in Montpelier,
Dec. 4, 1844.
He was educated in the public schools of
Lake ViUage, N. H., where his parents
raoved when he was a mere lad. He worked,
at intervals, in the daguerreotype business
until he was eighteen years of age, when he
enlisted in the army. After his discharge he
engaged in raanufacturing hosiery until 1868,
when he moved to Oregon, and under the
auspices of Governor (afterwards U. S. Sen
ator) Grover buUt a hosiery mill, which he
superintended for the next five years. In
1868 he raoved to San Francisco and con
nected hiraself with the Mission Woolen
MiUs as raanager of the hosiery department,
remaining there until 1882, whenbe accepted
a position in the San Francisco postoffice,
where he remained about two years. When
Postoffice Station D (which is the raost ira
portant station in the city) was built Mr.
Culver, on account of efficient service, was
appointed assistant superintendent of that
station, which position he now holds. In

44

CURTIS.

CUTTS.

1889 the Inter Nos Building and Loan Asso
ciation was incorporated with Mr. Culver as
its secretary. Much of the success it has
acquired is due to his management.
He enlisted in the Sth N. H. Vols, in 1862,
and was wounded in the battle of Georgia's
Landing, La. A portion of the tirae he was
under the coramand of Gen. B. F. Butler.
He is a 3 2d degree Mason, and a raeraber of
the G. A. R.

the baking business with his two sons, Wil
bur E. and John E., at 817 Sixth avenue and
806 Third avenue; two years after, two
other sons, Arthur and Nathan, were taken
into the firm which then had two more stores,
one at Fifty-eighth street and Ninth avenue,
the other at Eightieth street and Amsterdam
avenue. In 1893 another estabUshment was
added at 903 Eighth avenue, where Mr.
Cushman now resides. They are doing a
prosperous business.
He was married to Emily Scott at WU
raington, and by her had three children,
one of whom, WeUs S., is Uving. His second
wife was Clarina A., daughter of Lewis and

-;-J!r-./."

MARSHALL LYMAN CULVER.
May 10, 1865, he was united in wedlock
to Henrietta C. Jackins, of Gardiner, Me.
Of this union are : Charles Marshall, and
Nancy BeU, both of whom live in Alameda,
Cal. CURTIS, EDWARD, was born in Ver
mont, graduated at Union CoUege, New
Y'ork, and practiced law in New York City.
He took a prorainent part in the councils
of that city, and was a representative in Con
gress, frora New York, from 1837 to 1841.
He was appointed CoUector of New York by
President Harrison and removed by President
Polk. CUSHMAN, Sylvester, of New York
City, was born in 'Wilmington, April 14, 1824,
the son of Levi and Polly Cushman. He was
educated in the public schools of Wilming
ton. He began business in his native town as a
tanner. In January, i866, he removed to
Genesee, IU., where he engaged in farming
and stock raising. In February, 1887, he
moved to New York City and engaged in

J i

SYLVESTER CUSHMAN.
Sally (Sage) Bills. Of this union there were
eleven children, ten of whora are now Uving.
They are : Wilbur E., Katie A., C. Idell,
John E., L. Arthur, Nathan A., Cilista,
Larimer A., and the twins, Merton L. and
MiUie L.
CUTTS, MarSENA E., of Oskaloosa, la.,
was born at Orwell, May 22, 1833 ; received
an academic education ; reraoved to Iowa
in June, 1855, and has since resided there.
Was prosecuting attorney of Poweshiek
county ; was a raeraber of the state House
of Representatives at the extra session in
May, 1861 ; was a state senator frora Janu
ary, 1864, untU he resigned in August, 1866 ;
was a raeraber of the state House of Repre
sentatives 1 8 70-' 7 1 ; was attorney-general of
the state of Iowa frora February, 1872, untU
January, 1877, and was elected to the Forty-
seventh Congress as a Republican.

DAVIS.

DAVIS.

45

DAVIS, George Warden, of Kansas
City, Mo., son of S. J. and Rosanna (Bray
ton) Davis, was born in Alburgh, Dec. 7,
1851. After attending the pubhc schools of his
native town, and schools in other parts of
the state, his education was corapleted at
the Fort Edward (N. Y.) Classical Institute.
Coraraencing the study of raedicine in
1873 with Dr. M. J. Hyde of Isle La Mott,
the next year he entered the raedical depart
ment of the University of Vermont, attend
ing a two-years' course of lectures, besides
private lectures and dissections given by
various raembers of the college faculty. The
faU of 1875 found him a matriculant at the
University Medical CoUege, New Y^ork City,
graduating in 1876. The didactic work of
college instruction was iraraediately supple
raented by chnical experience in the out
door poor departraent of Bellevue Hospital,
and in the New York Dispensary. Nearly
a year was then passed in preparing for a
corapetitive examination for a position on
the house staff of the New York Hospital,
and on the first day of April, 1878, being
successful, a year and a half was passed in
that institution. Thus was passed nearly
six years in actual medical experience and
study. Iraraediately on leaving the hospital,
the position of assistant to the chair of
chnical surgery at the University Medical
College, New York City, was tendered hira
by Dr. Jaraes L. Littie, then professor of
clinical surgery in that college. Flattering
offers were also made to take charge of St.
Vincent's Hospital, New York City, and of
the Mary Fletcher Hospital, Burhngton, "\'t.
But tiring of the big city, and having no
further desire for hospital life, none of these
positions were accepted, and never having
seen the great West, his footsteps were
turned in that direction.
After a winter of pleasure travel, and be
coming impressed with the unhraited possi
bility of that section of country, he concluded
to locate in Kansas City, Mo., which he did
in the spring of 1880. Being interested in
medical education, soon he associated him
self with others in organizing the medical
departraent. University of Kansas City, Mo.,
now the University Medical CoUege, and was
also one of the founders of All Saints Hospi
tal. His connection with these institutions
has continued ever since and he is now pro
fessor genito-urinary, venereal and skin dis
eases in the college and treasurer for the
board of trustees.
Much time has been given to clinical work
and experimental research, especially in the
coUege dispensary and city hospital, so much
so that little atterapt has been raade to con
tribute to medical literature.

Interest in other things aside frora raedi
cine has engrossed his attention. He has
found time to devote a littie leisure to horti
culture and has kept up a hking for fancy
poultry. At the present tirae he is president
of the Mid-continental Poultry Association,
an organization that not only includes breed
ers in the state of Missouri, but of the four
adjacent states.
Dr. Davis was raarried Sept. 17, 1886, to
Ahce M., daughter of John K. Kiebler. They
have two children : a son and a daughter.
DAVIS, Park, of Sioux Falls, S. D.,
son of EUjah and Miriam (Park) Davis, was
born in Athens, Sept. 24, 1837.
He spent his boyhood days on the farm
and attending the district school. He fitted
for college at Leland Seminary, Townshend,
entering Middlebury in 1858, graduating in
due course in 1862. He studied law with
Butler and Wheeler at Jamaica, and was ad
raitted to the bar of ^Vindham county at the
September term in 1864. He comraenced
the practice of his profession Feb. 3, 1865,
at St. Albans, with Dana R. Bailey under the
firra narae of Bailey & Davis. In the faU of
1879, with Hiram F. Stevens (who was then
his law partner) he went to St. Paul, Minn.,
where, under the firra narae of Davis &
Stevens, he continued to practice his pro
fession until Sept. i, 1881, vvhen he reraoved
to Albany, N. Y., where he engaged in the
wholesale provision business with his broth
er-in-law, A. E. Gray (firm name Gray &
Davis) where he remained five years. Pre
ferring to pursue his profession, he went to
Sioux Falls, S. D., and resumed the practice
of law with his first partner, Dana R. Bailey,
where he is engaged in a large and success
ful practice.
He cast his first vote at a presidential
election for Stephen A. Douglas. Has
since, without exception, voted the Republi
can ticket. He represented St. Albans in
the Verraont Legislature in 1874.
In college Mr. Davis was a member of the
Chi Psi fraternity. He was raade a Mason
in Blazing Star Lodge, No. 23, Townshend,
Feb. 17, 1859; took chapter degrees in
Fort Duraraer Royal Arch Chapter, No. 12,
Brattleboro, March 5, 1863 ; council degrees
in Columbus Council, No. 3, St. Albans,
1865 ; coramandery degrees in LaFayette
Coramandery, No. 3, in 1868. He changed
his affiUation from the Chapter and Cora
raandery at St Albans, to those bodies in
Sioux Falls, still retaining his lodge mera-
bership in Vermont.
He held many official positions in the
Masonic fraternity, the raost iraportant of
which was that of grand raaster of the
Masons of Verraont for the years 1872, '73

46

DAVIS.

and '74, and grand high priest of the Royal
Arch Masons of South Dakota in the years
i890-'9i. He was raarried at Townshend, Oct. 27,
1863, to Deha S., daughter of Alanson and
Sabrina (Pool) Gray. Their children are :
Henry Park, and May Louise.
DAVIS Thomas T.,was born in Mid
dlebury, August 22, 1810 ; graduated at
HaraUton College, New Y'ork, in 1831 ; stud
ied law at Syracuse, and was adraitted to the
bar in 1833 ; in 1862 he was elected a
representative frora New York to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, and re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress.
DELANO, Columbus, was born in
Shoreham in 1809 ; removed to Mount Ver
non, Ohio, in 181 7; was admitted to the
bar in 1831. In 1844 he was elected a
representative from Ohio to the Twenty-
ninth Congress. In 1847 he was a candidate
for Governor, but lacked two votes of a
nomination. In i860 he was a delegate to
the Chicago convention. In 1861 was ap
pointed comraissary general of Ohio, and
fiUed the office untU the General Govern
raent assuraed the subsistence of all troops.
In 1862 he was candidate for United States
senator, but again lacked two votes of
noraination. In 1863 he was elected to the
House of Representatives of Ohio, and was
a prominent raember of that body. In 1864
he was a raeraber of the Baltiraore conven
tion, and chairraan of the Ohio delegation,
zealously supporting President Lincoln and
Andrew Johnson. He was re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress.
DERBY, Philander, of Gardner, Mass.,
son of Levi and Sally (Stratton) Derby, was
born June 18, 1816, in Soraerset.
His career is one which should encourage
all. It is a lesson of industry, sobriety and
perseverance. Remaining on the horae
farra untU his majority, several years were
spent in Massachusetts and at Jamaica, dur
ing which tirae he learned the business of
chair raaking, when opportunity offered to
engage in the business for himself which he
quickly embraced. The trying period frora
1857 to 1861 found him a young manufact
urer in the town of Gardner, Mass., with the
burden of heavy responsibilities resting
upon hira. Nerving himself to raeet the
crisis in a raanly way, he succeeded in going
through the ordeal without serious harm,
raeeting his obhgations, raaintaining his
credit and his honor unirapeached and firm
ly established before the world. Frora that
tirae to the present he has gone on in a
career of exceptional prosperity, due chiefly
to hiraself rather than to fortunate circura

stances, his untiring energy and persever
ance. Mr. Derby though closely confined to the
building up and developraent of his business
interests has not been disposed t'O ignore his
relations to the public nor the welfare of the
coraraunity. He has been ready and happy
to do his full share in supporting the institu
tions of society, to contribute to benevolent
and charitable objects, and to help in enter
prises which he deeraed conducive to the
good order and enduring welfare of the
coraraunity.

PHILANDER DERBY.

Declining invitations to public office, he
has however consented to act as director of
the national bank and is trustee of the sav
ings bank in his own town. A man of prin
ciple, he shares the confidence and regard
of his feUow-cidzens ; a friend of temper
ance, he coraraends the cause by precept
and example.
A Republican in politics, he is true to his
convictions. An orthodox Congregationab
ist in religion, he is tolerant of aU faiths and
seeks to honor his Christian profession by a
Christian life.
Mr. Derby was married, Feb. 27, 1839, at
Petersham, to Viola Dunn, daughter of John
and Abigail Dunn. Of this union were
three chUdren : Mary Augusta, John Baxter
(deceased, July 11, 1842), Ella Viola,
and Arthur Philander.
DEXTER, DANIEL Gilbert, of San
Francisco, Cab, son of David and 'Chloe

DEXTER.

47

(Hazeltine) Dexter, was born in Dover,
March 29, 1833.
He was educated in the common schools
of his native town, the Dover high school,
and Brattleboro Academy. When nearly
fitted to enter coUege business pursuits at
tracted his attention. He was always a
student, and every leisure hour from business
was eraployed araong books, and leading
periodicals of the day. At an early age he
becarae a contributor to various leading
newspapers and magazines, which has era
ployed many happy hours through life.
'While in his teens he was a clerk in a store
in his native town, and before reaching his
majority was a partner in the firra under the
name of Perry & Dexter. A few years later
he removed to Wilmington, and was con

DANIEL GILBERT DEXTER.
nected with the mercantile house of E. & O.
J. Gorham, and afterwards becarae sole owner
of the establishment. For a rime he con
ducted a raercantUe house in Jaraaica, but
returning to Wilmington he continued busi
ness under the firra name of Walker & Dex
ter. In 1866 he closed a most successful
business career in his native state and re
moved to Boston, Mass., where he engaged
in the wholesale boot and shoe business. He
was the financial manager of MeUendy, Dex
ter & Co. He retired from raercantile pur
suits in 187 1 with large property interests,
.having accumulated a fair fortune. The
great Boston fire fell heavily upon him. The
panic of 1873 followed, and seriously im

paired his fortune, leaving hira almost
penniless. In leisure hours he has devoted much
time to literary pursuits, his raind and pen
being always busy. He appears in Miss
Heramenway's " Poets and Poetry of Ver
mont " and has been a contributor to the
leading magazines and periodicals ofthe day.
In 1878 through the urgent solicitations of
leading literary and business friends he
founded the Cambridge Tribune, Carabridge,
Mass., a successful journal frora its initial
number. The list of contributors was un
surpassed. This enterprise stamped the
editor and publisher with ability of the first
order. In 1885 Mr. Dexter sold the Tribune
on account of faUing health and a few
months after went to California. The genial
cliraate of the Golden State restored hira to
health and two years later (1887) he re
moved his famUy to Los Angeles with the
intention of raaking California his horae.
He has been connected with raany lead
ing enterprises in the state and won the
esteem of those with whora he has been
associated. He has written rauch for the
press since his residence in California. In
1 89 1 he reraoved frora Los Angeles to San
Francisco, taking charge of the business of
the Massachusetts Benefit (Life) Associa
tion, Boston, Mass., as general agent for the
state. He is connected with the leading societies
and clubs, secret and otherwise ; is a raera
ber of the First Congregational Church, San
Francisco, and a member of tbe board of
deacons ; a mason and a K. of P.
In pohtics he is a Repubhcan, having cast
his vote for John C. Freraont, in 1856. He
has never been an aspirant for pubhc office
although an active participant in political
affairs. He was a raember of the aldermanic
board in Carabridge, Mass., for two years,
dating from 1869. He was a poUce com
missioner of Los Angeles for several years,
which office he held until his reraoval to San
Francisco. At the tirae of the civil war Mr. Dexter
was engaged in active raercantile business.
He was a generous contributor in many ways
to help put down the great rebellion. He
largely aided in raising two companies of
Vermonters for the array.
Mr. Dexter was married Feb. 6, 1856, to
Ellen, daughter of Asa and Sophia (Lyon)
Siraonds, of Peru, Vt. From this raarriage
two children have been born : Florence BeU
(wife of Prof. Charles H. WisweU, of Boston,
Mass.), and David Hazeltine.
•4-' He is a raan of untiring energy — a genial
and warra-hearted friend and corapanion.
Has a warm hand of welcome to every worthy
person and his charity is unbounded. His
home is always open to friends of yOre and

DEXTER.

DICKSON.

New Englanders enjoy his hospitality with
out stint.
DEXTER, Solomon King, of LoweU,
Mass., son of Parker and Betsey (King)
Dexter, was born in Topshara, May 23,
1839, on the old homestead which, with the
then adjoining farras, now forras the suramer
residence of his family.
His education was obtained in the district
schools of West Topshara. For the past
quarter century business raen of Lowell,
Mass., have numbered Mr. Dexter among
their shrewdest and raost upright produce
merchants, where, at 360 Middlesex street,

SOLOMON KING DEXTER.

Mr. Dexter was married at MontpeUer
Feb. 24, 1863, to Mary Sophia McCrillis, of
Waits River. There are four children in
the faraily : NeUie May (now the wife of
Fred L. Batchelder), born at Waits River
and three others born at Lowell, viz., Jennie
\'., now deceased, Daisy B., and Royal K.
Mr. Dexter has a fine residence at 343
Wilder street, Lowell, where a welcome hand
is always extended to his friends.
DICKSON, James Milligan, of Provi
dence, R. I., was born at Ryegate, Feb. 6, 1 83 1 .
His parents were from Scotland. His father,
Robert Dickson, son of an early settier,
was a successful farmer and a public-spirited
citizen, for years town trustee, and also for
many years an elder in the Reformed Pres
byterian Church of Ryegate. His mother,
who carae frora a suburb of the city of Glas
gow, was a woraan of great refinement and
unusually versed in the Scriptures.
Jaraes was the sixth of a family of ten
children, who have all, we believe, proved
worthy of their parentage. His rudimentary
education was in the public school, but at
fourteen he was sent to Peacham Academy.
Here he was prepared for Dartmouth Cob

he early developed a large and successful
Dusiness of wide extent. A spendid monu
ment to Mr. Dexter's success is the large
•ind elegant buUding erected by him, for the
ise of his business, in 1885. It is a four-
story brick building, trimmed with granite
stone and terra cotta, measuring forty by
one hundred feet, and equipped with every
facility for handling his great comraission
business. Political honors have corae unsought to
Mr. Dexter, as a raeraber of the LoweU city
councU for two terms, and tvvo years repre
sentative in the Massachusetts Legislature,
which office he filled whh honor to himself,
reflecting the worthy confidence reposed by
his feUow-citizens. He is also a director of
the Traders' National Bank and of the Brad
bury & Stone Electric Storage Battery Co.,
both of Lowell.

JAMES MILLIGAN DICKSON
lege, but instead of at once entering he went
West, where he spent some time in study
and travel, and taught one term in a private
school at Cincinnati. Returning to Dart
mouth he entered an advanced class on ex
araination, and was graduated in 1853.

DICKSON.
After his graduation at Dartraouth he was
offered a Greek professorship in a Western
college, but choosing another course he went
to New York City, where after teaching one
year he entered Union Theological Seminary,
from which he was graduated in 1857. He
was ordained to the gospel rainistry that sarae
year, and has since been constantly engaged
in active service, resigning one position only
when he felt he was caUed to another. He
has been pastor of churches in Brooklyn, N.
Y., Newark, N. J., Montgoraery, N. Y., and
New York City, and is now pastor of the
Pilgrim Congregational Church in Provi
dence, R. I.
Shortly after going to New York, in 1883,
he was honored with the degree of Doctor of
Divinity. From an editorial sketch of Dr. Dickson
in the Treasury (New York) of May, 1889,
we quote the following : " To his church
here — the Thirty-fourth Street Reformed
Church, New York City — he was caUed on
the ground of his abiUty as a preacher and
his previous success in the ministry, and for
nearly six years he held the church in its
down-town west side location, and left it
stronger than he found it, notwithstanding
the up-town tendency of population and the
lack of any local constituency for a reformed
church. To his credit be it said that his
most devoted friends are among the people
to whom he has ministered. When he came
to New York our attention was called to him
as a remarkable preacher, and as we have
once and again listened to him we have ap
proved the judgraent expressed." The fol
lowing is taken from a paper read before the
council which instaUed him at Providence
in 1889, which was afterward printed : "I
entered the ministry because I could not do
otherwise. I was consecrated to the work
before I was born by a pious raother who
kept her hand on my early life in view of re
sults. I planned lots of other courses, and
yet, years after she had gone to her reward,
which occurred while I was yet in college, I
marched as straight into the service as
though there had been no possible alter
native, and I have been happy in it."
Dr. Dickson has written considerably for
the press. Some sermons have appeared in
pamphlet forra, and in 1880 he prepared
the GoodwiU Meraorial, a history of the
original Presbyterian church, at Montgom
ery, N. Y., which was substantially the early
history of the town.
Dr. Dickson has been twice raarried, first
to Miss Agnes Annot Morrison, daughter of
John and Mary Nelson of Ryegate, to whora
one son was born, Nelson James ; and second
to Miss Helen Alzina, daughter of William
and Alzina (Holley) West of Dorset,^ to
whora three children were born : WilUara

DILLINGHAM.

49

West (deceased),
MargareUa May.

Clarence Haines and

DILLINGHAM, FRANK, of San Fran
cisco, Cab, youngest son of Paul DiUingham,
late Governor of Verraont, and Julia (Car
penter) DiUingham, was born in Waterbury,
Dec. 9, 1849.
He was educated in the Waterbury gram
mar school, Montpeher high school and
Milwaukee College. Young DUUnghara after
ward lived in the family of and studied law
with his brother-in-law, Hon. Matthew Hale
Carpenter, U. S. Senator from Wisconsin.
At the age of twenty-five years, the subject
of this sketch was elected justice of the peace
in the First and Seventh districts of MU
waukee, on the Repubhcan ticket, receiving
a majority of two hundred and thirty-eight

FRANK DILLINGHAM.

votes over his Democratic opponent, in dis
tricts which usually gave the Democrats a
raajority of about fifteen hundred, and was
also elected chairraan of the Repubhcan
county coraraittee, which office he held for
sorae tirae. He was afterward appointed
deputy coUector of internal revenue for the
first district of Wisconsin, which office he
held until appointed U. S. Counsel to Italy
by President Grant. In 1882 he left Wis
consin for Cahfornia, and has made San
Francisco his home a greater part of the
tirae since.
He organized the Consuraers' Ice Co.
of San Francisco, and was elected sec-

50

DODGE.

DODGE.

retary and general manager of the same, in
which he is stiU interested. His associates
in this enterprise were ex-United States
Senator A. P. 'Williams, E. J. Baldwin, one
of the bonanza kings and owner of the cele
brated Baldwin Hotel, Hon. R. G. Sneath,
ex-president of the Anglo California Bank,
and others.
Mr. Dillingham is now vice-president of
the Horae Benefit Life Association of San
Francisco. He has been four tiraes unani-
raously elected president of the Pacific
Coast Association Native Sons of Verraont,
the largest social organization on the Pacific
coast, and still holds that office.
He is a friend of his native state and
encourages sociabUity araong Verraonters.
Governor FuUer appointed Mr. DUlinghara
one of the honorary coraraissioners frora
Verraont to the Mid-Winter International
Exposition at San P'rancisco, in 1894, where
through Mr. DUhngham's energy and push,
Vermont Day was celebrated in a manner
raost befitting to that state and which re
flected great credit upon its proraoter, Mr.
Dillingham, to whose efforts may be ascribed
the success of the affair. Vermonters from
all sections of the country to the nuraber of
over three thousand were present on the
occasion. He belongs to the Episcopal denomina
tion, and in church work holds the foUow
ing offices : Junior warden of the Church of
St. Mary the Virgin ; director in t'ne Church
Club of San Francisco ; delegate to the
Episcopal convention of California in 1892
and again in 1893, and was a raeraber of the
general raissionary council, composed of
the clergy and laity of the Episcopal church
of America which met in Chicago in Octo
ber, 1893.
Mr. I3illingham was married June 3, 1883,
to Miss Minnie Louise, only daughter of
Hon. Richard G. and Anne Kathryn (Myers)
Sneath of San Francisco. Two children,
Matthew Carpenter, and Julia Louise, bless
their union.
Mr. Dillingham had three brothers, two
of whom are living : Col. Charles Dilling
ham, president of the Houston & Texas
Central Railway Co., and William Paul
Dillingham, ex-Governor of Vermont, and
Edwin Dillingham, major loth Vt. Infantry,
who was kUled at the battle of the Opequan
near Winchester, Va., on the 19th of Sep
teraber, 1864.
DODGE, Henry Lee, of San Francisco,
Cab, was born in Montpeher, Jan. 31, 1825.
He traces his paternal ancestry back to the
earliest settleraent of New England. He was
a son of Nathan Dodge and Hannah Phin
ney, who were also natives of New England.

Both parents nurabered araong the early
settlers of Montpelier.
Mr. Dodge received his early education in
the schools and in the acaderay of his native
tovvn. For his higher education, he entered
the University of Verraont, in 1842, when
seventeen years old. In 1847 he entered
the law office of Piatt & Peck in Buriington,
where he continued his studies until the out
break of the California gold fever in 1849.
Led by its spell, Mr. Dodge determined to
try his fortunes in the mines. He quickly
gathered around him a chosen band of twelve
associates frora araong his friends, and they
entered at once with zeal on their prepara
tion for leaving horae. They decided to try
the unusual and hazardous journey across the

HENRY LEE DODGE.

Repubhc of Mexico. On the first day of
June, 1849, Mr- Dodge and his companions
arrived in San Francisco, having been three
raonths and a bah on the way. After land
ing they pushed off for the mines, where
they soon separated, each following his own
incUnations. Mr. Dodge soon left the mines
and returned to San Francisco, seeking em
ployraent that would deraand soraething else
than raere aniraal strength.
In August, 1849, the Alcade of San Fran
cisco, John W. Geary, appointed him clerk
of his court, and in the following December
he received the additional appointment of
clerk of the Ayuntaraiento, or town councU.
Mr. Dodge fiUed both of these positions
until the Mexican forras of government were

DODGE.

DODGE.

SI

dissolved by the organization of California's
state government and her admission to the
Union. The duties of these positions were
large and responsible. It was the time of
San Francisco's first growth, when the sale of
town lots and of beach and water lots aggre
gated raore than a miUion dollars. To Mr.
Dodge fell the task of making and delivering
the deeds, of receiving the payments, and of
turning tbe money over to the treasury.
Difficult as the deraands were, he discharged
thera all creditably and to the satisfaction of
everybody concerned. After California was
admitted to the Union, in September, 1850,
the government of San Francisco was re
organized on the American system. Colonel
Geary was elected mayor and retained Mr.
Dodge as his clerk, under the new order of
administration. Mr. Dodge retained the
position about a year and then abandoned
it to take up his profession.
About this time Mr. Dodge returned to
his native state, and, in OrweU, was married
on Dec. 2, 185 1, to Oraira, daughter of Hon.
Roswell Bottura of the same town.
In May, 1852, Mr. Dodge was admitted at
San Francisco to practice in tbe Supreme
Court of California, and in the Federal
Courts of the United States. Throwing him
self into his professional work, he soon built
up a large and profitable cUentage, showing,
too, that he had mettle to make a lawyer of
no mean ability.
But raercantile pursuits seemed to promise
more lucrative results than his professional
work. Mr. Dodge therefore closed his lavv
office, and joining his brother, L. C. Dodge,
established a wholesale provision house.- The
business has grown for thirty-five years, with
some shght changes in the firra, being now
Dodge, Sweeney & Co., and has estabhshed a
reputation for stability and honor, second to
none in San Francisco.
In 1 86 1 Mayor Tescheraacher appointed
Mr. Dodge on the board of supervisors of
San Francisco, to fiU the unexpired terra
of a member, representing the sixth ward ;
on the election following he was elected to
a fuU term. He was subsequently elected
on the Union ticket to the Lower House of
the Legislature, and accordingly resigned
his position in the board of supervisors in
January, 1862, and took his seat among the
lawmakers of the capitol. Having served
his term in the Assembly, he was elected
two years later to the state Senate for four
years. He was appointed in June, 1877, on
a Treasury commission, with F. F. Low and
H. R. Linderman, director of the mint, as
associates, to investigate the condition of the
San Francisco Mint and the Custora House.
They performed the delicate duty with rare
skUl and wisdom. Indeed, Mr. Dodge's
work was so weU done that, in the following

Deceraber, he was appointed superintendent
of the U. S. Mint at San Francisco. For
four years and a half he held this posUion,
and when he relinquished it delivered to his
successor upwards of thirty-one raUlion dol
lars, and received frora the accounting offi
cers, not only a certificate of the accuracy
of his accounts, but also the unusual cora
pliraent : "The superintendent of the Mint
at San Francisco has been and is distin
guished alike for abUity, fidelity and accuracy
(having returned to the Treasury about
^100,000 ofthe appropriation unexpended).
This is an exaraple worthy of coraraendation
and iraitation." He was invited by Presi
dent Cleveland, in January, 1886, to serve
on the United States Mint Assay Coraraission,
which was to raeet at Philadelphia in the
following February. He accepted the ap
pointment and served on the comraission.
In January, 1885, he was caUed to the
presidency of the San Francisco Chamber
of Comraerce, and on the following January
he was re-elected to the sarae position.
Mr. Dodge has long been connected with
the Society of California Pioneers, being
president of the society inT879-'8o. He is
also a life raeraber of the San Francisco
Art Union, and other kindred associations.
Lastly, we raay state that Mr. Dodge was
selected as one of the trustees of the
Leland Stanford Jr. University. This raag
nificent endowment, involving property to
the value of several raUlion dollars, is one
of the raost splendid gifts ever bestowed on
a people, and its adrainistration wUl require
not only great earnestness and ripe judg
ment, but also eminent executive ability
and raore than ordinary farailiarity with the
varied deraands of an educational institution
of such extraordinary character.
Since the organization of that party, Mr.
Dodge has ever been a staunch Repubhcan.
With a raoderate taste for art and litera
ture he has accuraulated sorae treasures in
each. Of a quiet and unassuraing deraean-
or, he foUows the light of his own conscience
with an inflexibiUty that no influence can
swerve. His spotless integrity has gained a
reputation for hira in the coraraunity, of
wich liny raan might weU be proud, but
which few can rival.
DODGE, LUTHER C, of San Francisco,
Cab, son of Nathan and Hannah (Phinney)
Dodge, was born in Montpeher Sept. 7,
1821. He was educated in the comraon and
private schools of his native town, and fol
lowed farraing until July, 1841, when he
entered the employ of J. & J. H. Peck &
Co. of Burhngton, as a clerk. In 1847 he
was eraployed by the Troy & Canada Junc
tion Telegraph Co. at Burhngton as operator.

52

DODGE.

DORSEY.

A year later he was elected superintendent
of the company, remaining in this position
tiU 1853. In September, 1855, he went to
Cahfornia, where he was engaged in trade
(wholesale provisions) in connection with
his brother, Henry L. Dodge, tiU 1868, when
he returned to Burlington, remaining there
tiU April, 1877, serving three terms as mayor
of that city in the meantime. He then re
turned to California, engaging in business
with E. W. Forsaith under the firra name of
Forsaith & Dodge. In 1882 he disposed of
his interests in San Francisco and engaged
in the raanufacture of lumber, sash, doors,
etc., in northern Idaho with his two brothers,
O. A. and N. P. Dodge. In the winter of
i883-'84 the miU and factory, together with
a large stock of luraber, sash, doors, glass,
etc., were destroyed by fire. The following
November he, with his wife, returned to San
Francisco, where they stiU reside.
Mr. Dodge has held the office of cashier
in the U. S. internal revenue office at San
Francisco since March, i8go.
He is a hfe meraber of the Pacific Coast
Association Native Sons of Verraont, and
was a raember of the first lodge of Odd
Fellows organized in Vermont.
October 4, 1849, he raarried Lucia Porae-
roy, a native of Burlington, and daughter of
George and Oliva (Sanger) Moore. One
son, George Moore, now a resident of San
Rafad, Cal., is the result of this raarriage.
DODGE, Willis Edward, of Minne
apohs, Minn., son of WilUara B. and Harriet
N. (Baldwin) Dodge, was born in LoweU,
May II, 1857.
The education of the district schools of
LoweU was suppleraented by acaderaical
training at St. Johnsbury Acaderay, where he
graduated frora the college preparatory
course, class of 1879. Entering the law of
fice of his uncle, Hon. F. 'V\^ Baldwin, of
Barton, he was adraitted to the bar in Iras
burg, in Septeraber, 1880. He immediately
went to Fargo, Dak., and was employed in
the law office of Roberts & Spaulding until
January i, when he entered upon the prac
tice of his profession at Jamestown, law
firm of AUen & Dodge, afterward Dodge &
Camp, where he remained until July i, 1887.
During this tirae he was attorney for the
Northern Pacific R. R. Co. and secretary
and attorney for Northern Dakota Elevator
Co. July I, 1887, he became attorney for
St Paul, M. & M. R. R. Co. for Dakota,
and moved to Fargo. Septeraber i, 1892,
he moved to Minneapohs, Minn., as attorney
for the Great Northern R. R. Co., which po
sition he now holds, doing exclusively a cor
poration business.
Mr. Dodge is a stalwart Republican. In
1886 he was elected to the Dakota Senate

from the Jamestown district with a plurality
of 1,270, out of a total of 4,800 votes, over
both the Democratic and Farmers' AlUance
candidates. He was also district attorney
for Stulsraan county in 1882 and city attor
ney for Jaraestown in 1884, '85 and '86.

WILLIS EDWARD DODGE.

Mr. Dodge was a raeraber of the Knights
of the Red Cross in Jamestown, Dakota, and
is now a raeraber of the Minneapohs Club, a,
social organization of a high order.
He was raarried March 27, 1882, to Hat
tie M., daughter of Daniel and Mary Crist,
of Vinton, Iowa. They have two children :
Dora May, and WiUiara Edward.
DORSEY, Stephen W., was born at
Benson, Feb. 28, 1842 ; received an academ
ical education ; reraoved, when a boy, to
Oberlin, Ohio, was one of the first volun
teers in the Union array, in which he served
at Shiloh, Perryville, Stone River, Chat
tanooga, and Mission Ridge in 1864, and
was transferred to the Army of the Potomac
and took part in the batties of the Wilder
ness and of Cold Harbor, serving until the
close of the war ; returning to Ohio he re
suraed business with the Sandusky Tool'
Co., was soon chosen its president, and
on the sarae day he was elected without
his knowledge, president of the Arkansas
Central Railway Co. Reraoving to Ar
kansas he was chosen chairraan of the Re
pubhcan county and state coramittee, was
offered a seat in Congress by the Republi-

DOUGLASS.

DREW.

53

cans of the first district, but dechned and
was elected alraost unanimously United States
senator from Arkansas, as a Republican, and
took his seat March 4, 1873.
DOUGLASS, Stephen A., was born
at Brandon, April 23, 181 3. He lost his
father while in infancy, and his mother be
ing left in destitute circumstances, he en
tered a cabinet shop at Middlebury for the
purpose of learning the trade. After re
maining there several months he returned to
Brandon, where he continued for a year at
the same calling, but his health obliged him
to abandon it, and he became a student in
the academy. His mother having raarried
a second time, he followed her to Canan
daigua, N. Y. Here he pursued the study
ofthe law, untU his removal to Ohio in 1831.
Frora Cleveland he went still further west,
and finally settled in Jacksonville, 111. He
was first eraployed as a clerk to an auction
eer, and afterwards kept school, devoting
all the time he could spare to the study of
law. In 1834 he was admitted to the bar,
soon obtained a lucrative practice, and was
elected attorney-general of the state. In
1837 he was appointed by President Van
Buren register of the land office at Spring
field, IU. He afterwards practiced his pro
fession, and in 1 840 was elected secretary of
state, and the following year judge of the
Suprerae Court. This office he resigned,
after sitting upon the bench for two years, in
consequence of iU-health. In 1843 he was
elected to Congress, and continued a raem
ber of the lower House for four years. In
December, 1847, he was elected to the
United States Senate for the term ending in
1853, was re-elected for the terra ending
1859, and re-elected for another term, but
died in Chicago, June 3, 1861. In i860 he
was the candidate of his party for President
but was defeated.
DREW, Charles Aaron, of ciarinda,
Iowa, was born in Kinsea FaUs, Canada, Jan.
13, 1859, son of Joseph and Eraeline (Ken
nedy) Drew.
His education was begun at Troy, con
tinued in Westfield grararaar school, and
completed at Derby Academy. In the win
ter of i877-'78 he taught his first school at
Morgan Center ; later he taught in Westfield,
Coventry and Troy. An acquaintance was
formed with Rev. Jacob Evans, pastor of
the M. E. church of Troy, into which church
later young Drew was received and of its
Sunday school was superintendent. This
acquaintance was especiaUy helpful to Mr.
Drew ¦ it helped to inspire him with a de
sire for a broader and more useful life. When
not engaged in teaching he worked for the
luraber firm of C. P. Stevens & Co. In the

spring of 1880 he entered Eastman's Busi
ness CoUege at Poughkeepsie, N. Y'., gradu
ating in June of that year. After a short
experience as bookkeeper and salesman at
Springfield he returned to the firra of C. P.
Stevens & Co. In the winter of i88i-'82
he taught in Coventry and becarae ac
quainted with Dr. C. F. Branch of Newport,
superintendent of schools. He began the
study of raedicine with Dr. Branch and
graduated from the medical departraent of
the University of Verraont in June, 1884.
He immediately went as apothecary to the
state hospital for the insane at Taunton,
Mass. ; here he was made third assistant
physician, and, excepting a six weeks' ab
sence to attend the Berlitz summer school of
languages, remained in continuous service
untU the faU of 1887.

CHARLES AARON DREW.

In Septeraber of 1887 he went to New
Y'ork to pursue a six raonths course of spec
ial study in the post graduate raedical schools
and hospitals. There he gave special atten
tion to the eye and ear. In 1888 he returned
to the Taunton hospital, resigning in 1890 to
accept the position of assistant physician in
the governraent hospital for the insane at
Washington, D. C. Since 1888, besides gen
eral hospital work, he has done rauch ophthal
mic work for the patients, who, gratuitously,
have had the benefit of his skiU. In the
American Journal of Insanity for October,
1892, was published his article, "A Plea for
Ophthalmic Work in Institutions for the In
sane," which met the approbation of judges.

54

DUNN.

DUNN.

In February, 1893, he became first assistant
physician of the Iowa hospital for the insane
at Ciarinda, Iowa.
In May, 1890, he married Carrie, daugh
ter of Claudius B. and Agnes Soraers.
DUNN, Charles C, of Minneapolis,
Minn., was born at Ryegate, Feb. 20,
1 84 1. He is of direct Scotish descent on
his father's side, his grandfather having been
born across the water. His father, John
Dunn, was a Vermont farmer, one of the
sturdy class who clung to the old state
through all the excitement and teraptafions
of Western emigration, and lived and died
in the same house which he built when a
young man. The life of the father was in
striking contrast to that of the son. Charles
was the youngest of five sons (there were
also two daughters) and was brought up on
the farm with limited opportunities for
schoolinaf.

CHARLES u. DUNN.
When the war broke out he was twenty
years old. He wished to enter the army and
enlisted promptly, but was rejected on ac
count of his health. Trying another locahty
Mr. Dunn enlisted again, but was again re
jected by the raedical exarainer, and after a
third failure gave it up and engaged with
the firra Craraton & Dunn of Rudand. For
four years he drove a tin cart, selling tin
and japan ware frora house to house, taking
barter in exchange. In 1865 he went into
the wholesale and retail stationery business
under the firra name of Sawyer & Dunn, his

part of the enterprise being to drive a whole
sale cart through northern New York and
Vermont, supplying the trade. After tivo
years the business had greatiy increased, and
sales were raade only by saraples, after the
raore modern style. A httie later the firm
was consohdated with Cramton & Dunn,
dealers in stoves and hardware, the concern
becoming Dunn, Sawyer & Co.
Mr. Dunn maintained a very prosperous
business connection in the new firm until
187 1, when, his health having failed, he went
W^est and invested in timber lands in Wis-
consin. This was the beginning of his suc-
' cess as a manager of Western investment
properties. He organized the Jackson
County Bank of Black River Falls, Wis., and
became one of the directors. Ex-Senator
W. T. Price was president.
In 1878 Mr. Dunn went to St. Paul,
founded a corapany under the name of
Dunn, Thorapson & Co., and buiU the first
refrigerator and cold storage house in that
city. Within a year it was burned out with
heavy loss. Mr. Dunn returned to Rutland
and engaged in farraing and the merchant
tailoring business, but the attraction of the
West and its broader field for his abilities
led bim to dispose of his interests, and in
1885 he became a citizen of Minneapolis.
Entering the real estate business, Mr. Dunn
at once became an enthusiastic "bustier''
and proraoter of the interests of the city.
He has always been loyal and hopeful. One
of his raanifest abilities is a talent for organ
ization. In 1885 and 1886 he engaged in
the mining business at Neguanee, Mich.,
and was one of the organizers of the Buffalo
Mining Co., of which concern he was a
director and vice-president ; the mine was
sold in 1888. Mr. Dunn then organized the
Midland Lumber and Manufacturing Co. of
Wisconsin, of which he is still vice-president,
and in 1892 forraed the Minneapolis Disin
fecting Co., and the Northwestern Fuel and
Kindling Mfg. Co., of both of which com
panies he is general raanager. During his
business career he has organized some twenty
dififerent corapanies.
On account of iU-health and in the course
of bis business ventures, Mr. Dunn has been
an extensive traveler. Soon after the war he
spent some time traveUng through the South,
penetrating on horse-back as far as the ever
glades of Florida, and having numerous ad
ventures incident to the unsettied political
conditions during the Ku Klux times. A
few years later he joined a party of explor
ers in the Black HiUs, and saw some exciting
Indian campaigning.
In 1869, Mr. Dunn was married at Bran
don, to Miss Anna E. Jones. They have one
daughter : Oce J.

DURKEE.

ELLIS.

55

Mr. Dunn was one of the organizers of
the Verraont Association of Minneapolis. At
the time of the census troubles with St. Paul
he proposed the faraous indignation raeet
ing, and was largely responsible for the
successful arrangements for the occasion.
DURKEE, Charles, was born in
Royalton, Dec. 5, 1807. Was a merchant;

removed to Wisconsin, vvas elected to the
Legislature of that state in 1837 and 1838 ;
a Representative in Congress in i848-'5o
frora Indiana, and a United States senator
for six years, coraraencing March, 1855.
He was a delegate also to the peace con
gress of 1861, and in 1865 was appointed, by
President Johnson, Governor of Utah.

EDGERTON, JOSEPH KetchuM, was
born in Vergennes, Feb. 16, 1818; spent
his youth in Chnton county, N. Y'., and re-
¦ceived a coraraon school education, chiefly at
Plattsburg. Read law, settled in New York
City in 1835 and came to 'the bar in 1839,
.and removed to Fort Wayne, Ind., in 1844.
In 1855 he was president of the Fort Wayne
.& Chicago Railroad Co., and subsequently
.financial agent of the same when consoli
dated with the Pittsburg road, and in 1862
he was elected a representative from Indiana
to the Thirty-eighth Congress.
ELDRIDGE, CHARLES A., was born in
.Bridport, Feb. 27, 182 1. When a child he
removed with his parents to New York ;
studied law in that state and carae to the bar in
1846. In 1848, he reraoved to Fon du Lac,
Wis.; in 1854 and 1855 he was a member
of the state Senate; and in 1862 hewas
elected a representative from Wisconsin to
the Thirty-eighth Congress ; re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress.
ELLIS, GEORGE WILLIAMS, of New
York City, son of Zenas C. and Sarah B.
(Dyer) ElUs, was born in Fair Haven, Nov.
2 7, 1848.
His education was acquired at the Rut
land high school and Middlebury College,
where he was graduated in 1868, and Col
umbia CoUege (N. Y.) Law School, which
he attended from 1868 to 1870, when he was
admitted to the bar.
The early years of his professional life
were passed as a student and clerk in the
office of ex-Judge Theron R. Strong, and ex-
Judge John W. Edraunds, and whh Tracy,
Olrastead & Tracy in New York City, era-
bracing a period from 1868 to 1874. He
then began practice of the law at 119 Broad
way, and later at 155 with JohnS. Lawrence.
This association continued until the death of
Mr. Lawrence in 1880, since which time Mr.
Ellis has maintained the business, which is
•one of the oldest in the city, numbering
•among its chents representatives of aU classes
of business.
WhUe pohtics have never actively inter
ested Mr. Ellis, his membership in social
•organizations indicate his taste and varied

acquirements. Araong the societies who
claim his raembership are the New York
state and city bar associations, the Univer
sity Club, the D. K. E. Society and Club,
the Washington Heights Century Club, the
New York Athletic Club, the Metropohtan
Museura of Art, the Araerican Geographical
Society, and the Araerican Academy of Polit
ical and Social Science.
ELLIS, WILLIAM H., late of Greenfield,
IU., son of Barnabas and Belinda (Kidder)
EUis, was born in Fair Haven, June 6, 181 8.

WILLIAM H. ELLIS.
Educated in the district schools and the
Castleton Serainary, he went at the age of
eighteen to WhitehaU, 111., raaking the trip
by the usual conveyances of that time, by
canal frora Whitehall to Bufifalo and by lake
to Cleveland, thence by canal to Portsraouth
on the Ohio river, thence stearaboat to St.
Louis and frora there by stage to his desti
nation, taking six weeks to raake the trip.

56

ELLSWORTH.

EMERSON.

For several seasons Captain Ellis taught
school in the neighboring towns, and drove
cattle to Chicago and horses to St. Louis
and New Orleans, and later raade entry of
sorae governraent land in Greene county,
111., and since 1844 has lived on his farm
now comprising over one thousand acres.
His sterling business qualities met with
public recognition in the election for two
successive terms to the office of county sur
veyor in 1849, and the appointraent by the
county to survey and classify lands acquired
from the government by the state, and 25,-
000 acres were surveyed by him. Governor
French coraraissioned hira captain of the
i8th Regt. Ills. Vols. Captain Ellis did
active work in obtaining a large subscription
to the stock of the Rock Island, Alton & St.
Louis Railroad Co., and in securing the right
of way for the line, and was afterwards
elected a director, and was chairraan of the
committee to make arrangeraents for the
transfer of the road with Judge Green, pres
ident of the Rock Island, Rockford & St.
Louis Railroad Co. In acquiring the right
of way, and building the Litchfield, CarroU-
ton & \\'estern R. R., of which he was a
director, vice-president, and raeraber of the
finance coraraittee. Captain ElUs was promi
nently engaged. He was also trustee of the
Central Hospital at Jacksonville, receiving
his appointraent from Governor Beveridge.
He was a member of Greenfield Lodge,
No. 129, F. & A. M.
Captain EUis was married Nov. 6, 1844,
to Maria, daughter of David and Laura
Wooley. His faraily consists of four chil
dren : Julia, Arthur, Aray M., and Flora L.,
all of whora are raarried.
Captain Ellis died May 27, 1893, at his
home at Greenfield, III. Through a long Ufe
he had won and held the respect and love of
a large circle of friends and acquaintances.
ELLSWORTH, CHARLES C, was
born at Berkshire, Jan. 29, 1824 ; received
a common school and academic education ;
is a lawyer by profession and practice ; was
appointed by Governor Barry prosecuting
attorney of Livingston county, Mich., in
1850; removed to Montcalra county, Mich.,
in 185 1 ; was a raember of the state House of
Representatives in 1852 and '54 ; was elected
prosecuting attorney of Montcalm county
at two successive elections ; was appointed
by the President of the United States a pay
master in the Union army in 1862 and
served until the close of the war and was
elected to the Forty-fifth Congress as a Re
publican. ELLSWORTH, SAMUEL S., was born
in Verraont ; was a member of the NewYork

Assembly in 1840, and a representative in
Congress from that state from 1845 to 1847.
EMERSON, CHARLES Wesley, of Bos
ton, Mass., was born on Nov. 30, 1837, in
Pittsfield. His parents were Thomas and
Mary F. (Hewitt) Emerson. His boyhood
was passed amid the picturesque scenery of
his native place, and his education was
much better than boys of his day commonly
received. He enjoyed the raost excellent
instruction of a father whose taste, culture
and strong intellectual powers developed in
the youth that habit of independent thinking
and original research which have so marked

CHARLES WESLEY EMERSON

his life, and so contributed to his success.
His paternal grandfather was a man of un
usual attainments in history and mighty in
the Scriptures. His maternal grandfather
was a Methodist minister. It is of interest
to know that he came from the same stock
as Ralph Waldo Emerson, the Sage of Con
cord. Their comraon ancestry goes back to
one Thomas Emerson, who was of a family
knighted by King Henry VIII, and who
emigrated frora England to settle in Ipswich,
Mass., in 1638, to becorae the progenitor of
a famous race.
After leaving the tutelage of his sturdy
father, Wesley took courses in medicine, law,
oratory and theology and was ordained to
the rainistry in the Orthodox Congregational
church. He had a treraendous power as a
preacher, and his churches were crowded

EMERSON.
whh eager listeners. He raade hundreds of
converts, raised church societies from a con
dition of decay to one of flourishing life.
But the stock of vitality which he had in
herited from his sturdy ancestors was ex
hausted under the strain which was put
upon him, he was corapeUed to resign for
rest and recuperation, and he spent the
tirae in travel on the continent. Upon his
return, with health rauch restored, he was
elected lecturer on physiology and hygiene
of the voice in Boston University School of
Oratory. Upon the death of Professor Monroe, Mr.
Eraerson opened an independent school of
oratory. This was the beginning of what
proved a most remarkable career in educa
tional work. Under the genius of its presi
dent the school has grown, until today it is
the largest of its kind in the world. It is a
chartered coUege incorporated under the
laws of Massachusetts. Among its lecturers
are naraes weU known in the highest literary
and educational circles. Its course erabraces
a thorough systera of physical culture devel
oped by President Emerson, the resuUs of
which have been almost miraculous in re
storing the heahh of many students ; a sys
tera. of voice culture, largely the result of his
personal study and investigations in the field
of vocal physiology ; literary and scientific
studies, training in expression, studies in
classical art, etc., raaking the course a com
plete education, physical, mental and aesthe
tic. President Emerson's work has become
of the greatest interest to leading educators
•here and in England.
He is a broad scholar, acquainted with the
best of ancient and modern learning. He is
an advanced thinker, bold and independent
and yet withal conservative to a reraarkable
degree, testing every theory by actual work
before announcing it. His success is the
result of a mind thoroughly imbued with
the profoundest principles of philosophy,
reaching frora old Plato to the raodern Sage
of Concord ; acquainted with the largest at
tainraents of raodern science ; saturated with
the spirit of the world's best art and hterature ;
illumined with a lofty faith and throbbing
with a great love for mankind ; and pulsing
with a tireless energy, which knows no obsta
cle to success. His power is that of a great
personality, from which all elements of mere
individuaUsm have vanished in the light of
universal truth. He is beloved by all his
pupils, in every one of whora he takes the
deepest personal interest. His aim is to de
velop not merely readers, but men and women,
who shall give to the public not simply their
acquirements, but theraselves, enriched by
all the culture and consecration which they
achieve.

EWER.

57

In his college work President Emerson is
most ably assisted by his wife, forraerly Miss
Susie Rogers, of Danvers, Mass. She is
hardly second to himseU in zeal and energy,
and stands by his side in the affections of the
pupils. EWER, Warren Baxter, son of Rev.
Seth and Eliza (Bourne) Ewer, was born
April 22, 1814, in Windsor. His father was
a Baptist rainister and a native of Barn
stable, Mass. His mother was a native of
Falraouth, Mass. The Ewer faraily is of
Norman descent, and originated on the Ure
river in the north of France, where the
ruins of the "Eure Castie" are stiU to be
seen. The head of the family was a par
ticipant in the Norman invasion of England,
and after the conquest settled there. Dur
ing the CromweUian war, the faraily became
divided, one portion following CroraweU,

WARREN BAXTER EWER.

the other the King. So bitter was this poUt
ical estrangement that the former changed
the spelUng of the family narae, -adopting
the Scotch name "Ewer." Fourteen years
after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, two
brothers, "Ewer," landed with a colony on
the north shore of Cape Cod, and founded
the town of Barnstable. From those two
brothers all the Ewers of the United States
have descended.
Of six children born to the father of the
subject of this sketch, four were born in
Vermont. Warren, the eldest, attended the

5^

coramon schools until ten years of age, after
which he was sent to the high schools, and
finaUy finished his preparatory studies for
coUege at South Reading, Mass. He entered
Brown University at Providence, in the
summer of 1835. At the close of his first
year his health compeUed hira to leave his
studies, and chance led him to Dedham,
Mass., where he connected himself with the
Dedham Patriot newpaper. The opening of
the Harrison pohtical campaign in 1840
found him sole proprietor of that journal,
and under the advice and patronage of
Samuel G. Goodrich, better known as "Peter
Parley,'' he removed his paper to Roxbury,
changed its narae and entered the campaign
as a supporter of Harrison. He also started
a carapaign paper which he called "The
Harrison Deraocrat," taking for his raotto,
"Things by their right names," claiming
that Harrison, rather than his opponent.
Van Buren, represented the true Democratic
principles. The first pohtical song of that famous
carapaign was introduced at the suggestion
of Mr. Ewer and Mr. Goodrich at a political
raeeting in the Roxbury town hall, and raade
such a decided hit that song singing in pol
itical raeetings soon becarae general, and to
meet the want thus created Mr. Ewer com
piled and published the first poUtical song
book, which was soon after republished and
enlarged by the publishers of the New York
Tribune. Mr. Ewer appears to have been a very
good judge of character. The writer will give
two instances which have an historical as
weU as personal interest.: At the opening of
the Harrison campaign, it was suggested
that sorae good and well-known speaker
should be secured to canvass the towns
throughout the district. Mr. Ewer, on the
contrary, thought it best to secure sorae
promising young man direct from the peo
ple, frora the shop, as better calculated to
arouse enthusiasra, and suggested his friend,
Henry ^^'ilson, a shoemaker of Natick, as a
raan possessing the requisite quahties, al
though he was then unknown out of his own
iraraediate neighborhood. After raany ex
cuses and protestations of unfitness for suCh
services Mr. Wilson consented, and was in
troduced through the papers and to his
audiences by Mr. Ewer as "Henry Wilson,
the Natick cobbler," a sobriquet which fol
lowed hira through life. This engageraent
was Mr. Wilson's first special effort as a pub
Uc speaker and it led him finally to national
fame, to the Vice-Presidency of the United
States, and would probably have given hira
the presidential chair had his life been
spared two years longer.
Another instance of Mr. Ewer's correct
judgraent of character is of equal historic

interest, and occurred in the life history of
the late John B. Gough : Mr. Ewer, while
publishing a "Washingtonian" temperance
paper in Dedham, was anxious to secure the
services of a good speaker, who could in
terest that class of people for whose good the
"Washingtonian" movement was initiated..
He had heard of a reformed man near Wor
cester who was creating sorae interest in that
vicinity. He took his carriage and drove to
one of his meetings in a httle schoolhouse —
listened to his talk, was profoundly im
pressed with its raanner and raatter, and
after it was over introduced himself to the
speaker and finally took him horae with him..
In the quiet of that horae he subsequently
persuaded Mr. Gough that he could do a
great work if he would make the effort. Mr.
Gough at first doubted his fitness or abUity,.
but was finally persuaded, and Mr. Ewer
traveled with hira for sorae tirae, raaking his.
appointraents and looking after his private
wants. Mr. Gough's personal efforts and
the notoriety given thera through Mr.
Ewer's paper, finally attracted the attentioa
of Deacon Moses Grant, at that time one
of Boston's most wealthy and earnest philan
thropists. Through Mr. Ewer the Deacon
sought an interview, which finally resulted in
a year's engageraent for free temperance
lectures. Deacon Grant to pay him a thous
and dollars and his expenses, with an agent
to travel with him. At the expiration of that
engagement Mr. Gough found himself fairly
launched upon that wonderful career of use
fulness which eUcited frora Daniel Webster
the reraark that "John B. Gough had proven
himself the greatest natural orator the world
has ever produced." }
We next find Mr. Ewer in Boston printing
a paper devoted to the interests of the Lake
Superior copper mines, and edited by a
brother of EUas Howe, the inventor of the
sewing raachine. While thus engaged the
wonderful discovery of gold in CaUforniai
was announced to the world. As soon as
that discovery was fully verified Mr. Ewer
made arrangements for the journey, and the
spring of 1849 found hira on his way across
the plains in the first great corapany of gold
seekers. He reached the mines in October,.
mined for gold awhile, but soon dropped the
pick and shovel to teach others, frora his
editorial chair, how to mine for the precious
metal. He first established a paper at Ne
vada City, which he soon sold, and went to-
Grass Valley, where he purchased the Grass
VaUey Telegraph, and also started the Cali
fornia Mining Journal, the first mining paper
in California. To secure a larger field for his
work, he subsequentiy went to San Francisco,.
purchased the Mining and Scientific Press,.
and brought out the first nuraber in his own
narae Nov. 8, 1862. Mr. A. T. Dewey sub-

FAIRCHILD.
sequently becarae interested in that pubhca-
ticm, and continued with him about thirty
years, when the business was incorporated.
In 1870, when agriculture began to assurae
considerable interest in Cahfornia, Mr.
Ewer added an agricultural department to
the M. & S. Press, which attracted so much
attention that the State Agricultural Board of
that year invited him to go to Sacramento
and take the editorial charge of an agricul
tural paper which it was proposed to start in
that city. He dechned the offer, but the
raatter finally resulted in the estabhshment
by Dewey and Ewer of the Pacific Rural
Press in San Francisco, Jan 7, 1871. Both
the Mining and Scientific Press and the
Pacific Rural Press have been acknowledged
from their start as the two leading papers in
the United States in their respective fields
of labor.
Near the comraenceraent of 1893, Mr.
Ewer retired frora active editorial labor,
having been thus engaged fifty-six years,
with only about four years of intermission.
It is doubtful h there is any other person
living who has been so long and so steadily
engaged in active editorial work. Though
now in the eightieth year of his. age, he is
weU and hearty and has never experienced
sickness. He has left editorial work simply
to get more time to attend to his private
business, and to give younger men a chance.
Except during the Harrison campaign of
1840, Mr. Ewer has never taken any active

FAIRCHILD.

59

interest in politics. He has no taste in that
direction except as a citizen. In the early
fifties he was appointed county school super
intendent for Nevada county, unsolicited.
He was also once, without seeking the office,
nominated and elected school director for
San Francisco. Hewas appointed by the
Legislature of 1867 coraraissioner to repre
sent California at the Paris International
Exposition, but knew nothing of it until he
saw the announcement in the papers. Busi
ness compeUed hira to decUne. He was ap
pointed by Governor, now Senator Perkins,
to represent the state of California at the
first Denver mining exposition.
Mr. Ewer has ever been social in his
tastes and belongs to several social and char
itable organizations. He is a raeraber of
the CaUfornia Pioneer Association, a charter
member of the Bohemian Club and a mera
ber of the Native Sons of Vermont. The
only fraternal association vvith which he is
connected is the Masonic, in which he has
taken the Templar degrees.
He has been three times raarried. His
first wife was Miss Hosapher N. Brush, of
Vineyard Haven, Mass. His second wife
was Martha D. Luce of the same place. He
is now living with his third wife, Martha, the
widow of Donald McLennan, the projector
and for raany years superintendent of the
Mission and Golden Gate woolen raills of
San Francisco.

FAIRCHILD, David S., of Araes, lovva,
son of EU and Grace D. Fairchild, was born
Sept. 16, 1847, at Fairfield.
He was educated at the academies of
Franklin and Barre, and during the years
1866 to 1868, attended medical lectures at
Ann Arbor, Mich., and graduated frora the
Albany Medical CoUege in Deceraber, 1868.
He read medicine in the office of Dr. J. O.
Cramton, of Fairfield.
Dr. Fairchild located first in High For
rest, Minn., in May, 1869, but in July, 1872,
removed to Ames, Iowa, where he has since
been continuously engaged in his practice.
In 1873 he was prorainent in the organizing
of the Story County Medical Society and
was its first president. In 1874 he assisted
in organizing the Central District Medical
Society, which includes the central counties
of his state, and was twice elected its presi
dent. He is also a raeraber of the Iowa
State Medical Society, the Araerican Medical
Association, the 'Western Association of
Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the
National Association of Surgeons. In 1876
he was a delegate to the International Medi

cal Congress held in Philadelphia. He
assisted in organizing the Iowa Acaderay of
Sciences, and was chairman of a committee
appointed by the State Medical Society to
prepare a history of raedicine in Iowa, which
was corapleted. In 1877 he was appointed
physician to the Iowa Agricultural College,
and in 1879 was elected professor of physi
ology, coraparative anatoray, and pathology,
ofthe sarae coUege. In 1882 he was elected
professor of history and pathology, in the
CoUege of Physicians and Surgeons of Des
Moines, and was transferred in 1885 to the
chair of pathology and diseases of the ner
vous systera, and in 1887 to the chair of
theory and practice of raedicine and pathol
ogy. In 1884 he became local surgeon for
the Chicago & Northwestern R. R., and
tvvo years later was appointed district sur
geon, and in 1892 consulting surgeon for its
Iowa interests extending over 1,300 railes.
For sixteen years Dr. Fairchild was en
gaged in general practice, but for the past
eight years his practice has been alraost ex
clusively one of consultation, particularly in
surgery. Has contributed raany articles to

6o

FAULKNER.

FIELD.

the medical journals, and to the transactions
of various medical societies.
Outside of his profession he has had no
time for politics or other raatters except in
educational matters and he is at present
president of the board of education of his
citv.

DAVID S. FAIRCHILD.
He is a meraber of the Arcadia Lodge,
three tiraes three (3x3) chapter, and of
Excaliber Coraraandery ; also of the order
of Elks.
May I, 1870, he raarried Welhelmina C,
daughter of Hon. W^ K. TattersaU of High
Forest, Minn., and has three children :
David S., Gertrude M., and Margaret T.
FAULKNER, William A., of Boston,
Mass., son of Shepherd D. and Miranda
(Greene) Faulkner, was born in Whitinghara,
Sept. 14, 1848.
Educated at the district schools of his na
tive town and Powers Institute, Bernardston,
Mass., he prepared himself further for a
business career by a course at Eastman Busi
ness CoUege, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Mr. Faulkner's early life was spent upon
the farm ; but not finding that congenial to
his taste he decided to enter upon a business
career in which he has enjoyed a succession
of proraotions.
Beginning in April, 1872, with a clerkship
in a dry goods estabhshment in Shelburne
Falls, Mass.; in April, 1873, he became
bookkeeper in the Shelburne Falls National
Bank ; in October of the next year he ac

cepted the position of teller in the First
National Bank of Chicopee, Mass. Upon the
organization of the Peoples National Bank
of Brattieboro, in October, 1875, he vvas
chosen cashier of that institution, which he
successfully conducted until October, 1886,
when he was offered and accepted the cash
iership of the National Hide and Leather
Bank of Boston ; in this larger field he was
always found ready to serve his customers
promptly and faithfully, thus making for him
self raany warra friends.
Becoraing deeply interested, and a large
stockholder, in the Traders National Bank of
Boston, hewas elected its president, in 1890.
By his energy and careful, conservative meth
ods the business of the bank was largely in
creased.

WILLIAM A. FAULKNER.
IU-health corapeUed hira to relinquish the
arduous duties of this position in January,
1893. Since which, his tirae has been spent
in travel and in caring for his personal mat
ters and those intrusted to hira by others.
Mr. Faulkner was raarried at Brattieboro,
Sept 21, 1876, to Ahce H., daughter of Par
ley and Clara (Blanchard) Starr. Mrs. Faulk
ner died in March, 1891.
FIELD, ROSWELL Martin, late of st
Louis, was born in Newfane, Feb. 22, 1807,
and was the son of Gen. Martin Field and
Esther S. Kellogg, his wife.
He fitted for college with Rev. Luke
Whitcomb of Townshend, and entered Mid-

FIELD.

FIELD.

6l

dlebury CoUege with his brother, Charies K.
Field, late of Brattleboro, graduating at the
age of fifteen years in 1822. He studied
law with Hon. Daniel Kellogg of Rocking
hara, and was adraitted to the bar in 1825,
at the age of eighteen years, and practiced
in Windham county tiU 1839. He was
' elected state's attorney for said county for
four years in succession, frora 1832 to 1835.
He represented the town of Newfane in the
Legislature of Verraont for the years 1835
and 1836. The special pleas drawn by him
in the libel suit of Torrey vs. Field, reported
in Tenth Vermont Reports were declared
by Justice Story to be masterpieces of spe
cial pleading.
In 1839 Mr. Field removed to St. Louis,
Mo., and continued the practice of his pro
fession ; at first as partner of Miron Leslie,
also frora Verraont, and a man of splendid
talents and great legal attainments. Mr.
Field at once took high rank with the oldest
merabers of the St. Louis bar, araong whora
were Henry S. Geyer, successor of Thoraas
H. Benton in the U. S. Senate, Edward
Bates, attorney-general in the cabinet of
President Lincoln during his first terra, and
Hamilton R. Gamble, provisional Governor
of Missouri during the war of the rebellion.
After a few years the partnership of Les
Ue & Field was dissolved, and for the re
mainder of his life Mr. Field practiced his
profession alone. His practice was large
and remunerative. He was engaged es
peciaUy in numerous and iraportant land suits,
growing out of conflicting Spanish and
French titles, existing before the United
States acquired the territory of Louisiana.
Not only was Mr. Field a great lawyer, but
he was a flne classical scholar and exten
sively informed in, and famihar with, the
best of English literature and general sci
ence. In addition to Greek and Latin, he
was weU versed in the Spanish, French, and
German, and spoke the two latter languages
with great facihty. He brought and tried in
the United States Circuit Court, Missouri,
the celebrated case of Dred Scott, which
gave him a national reputation. In the war
of the rebeUion he was a staunch and promi
nent defender of the government and the
Union, and co-operated with Generals Lyon
and Blair and others in defeating the schemes
of the secessionists to attach Missouri to the
fortunes of the confederacy, and was largely
instrumental in preventing the state from
committing the folly and crirae of secession.
A coramission as judge of the state Supreme
Court was sent to hira by the Governor of the
state in 1865, but he declined the position,
which he would have adorned and dignified,
preferring the quiet of private Ufe.
He was a splendid specimen of physical
manhood, being over six feet in height, well

proportioned and of dignified and imposing
presence. In his social relations he was
genial and entertaining, unsurpassed in con
versational powers, delighting in witty and
epigrammatic sentences, was elegant in his
manners, affable and refined in his deport
ment, and to his other accoraphshraents he
added that of the skiUful rausician.
In 1848 he raarried Miss Frances Reed,
a beautiful, cultured and lovely young lady
from Verraont, richly endowed with all the
doraestic virtues and graces of womanhood.
Their married life was relatively short, as
Mrs. Field died in 1856, and he himself
died in 1869 at the comparatively early age
of sixty-two years.
At the tirae of his death, and for raany
years before, he was regarded as standing at
the head of the bar in the state. He left
two sons, both of whora have exhibited in
later years erainent abUity, though in dififer
ent lines from their father, they having selec
ted the field of journalism and authorship.
The eldest, Eugene Field, of the Chicago
News and Record, has earned and deserves
a high reputation, as a wit and huraorist,
being the author of a prose work entitled
"Profitable Tales," and of poeras entitled a
"Little Book of Western Verse," "A Second
Book of Verse," and "Tin Trurapet and
Drura," and with his brother, Roswell M.
Field, a translation of certain Odes of Hor
ace entitled "Echoes frora the Sabine Farra."
The younger son is Roswell M. Field, for a
nuraber of years employed on the Kansas
City Times and Evening Star, of Kansas
City, Mo., and latterly on the New York
World. As a journalist he has won a favor
able narae and has published a volurae of
sketches entitled "In the Sun Flower Land"
which show marked ability and give prom
ise of still better literary work in the future.
This brief notice of the life and charac
ter of Roswell M. Field, deceased, cannot
be better closed than by quoting the re
marks of Judge Wagner, chief justice of the
Supreme Court of the state of Missouri, in
response to the resolutions of the St. Louis
bar, presented to said court. Judge Wag
ner in behalf of the court responded as
follows :
" The members of this court have heard
with the deepest regret of the death of R.
M. Field, and the warm and deserved tribute
which has just been paid to his raemory
receives an assenting response frora the
hearts of aU who knew hira. In the decease
of our laraented friend and brother, the bar
of Missouri has lost one of its brightest orna
raents. To a naturally keen, vigorous and an
alytical mind he added a thorough mastery of
legal principles, combined with high scholar
ly attainraents. Perhaps no raan atthe bar of
this state ever brought to the consideration

62

FIELD.

FINNEY.

of any question a greater amount of exact
legal learning, or clothed it with a raore ira-
pressive and attractive logic. When he gave
the great energies and powers of his mind
to a cause, he exhausted all the learning to
be had on the subject. He studied law as
a science, and delighted to examine its har
monious structure and explore its philosophic
principles. So deeply was he imbued with
its true spirit, and so great was his reverence
for its excellence, that he maintained them
with the most jealous regard, and would
sooner have failed in success than have won
a case by trenching upon a sound legal rule.
He made no parade of learning, and in his
social intercourse he had a chUdlike sim
plicity. With his professional brethren he
was fuU of courtesy and kindness, and his
whole conduct was raarked by entire integ
rity and perfect truth. He adorned every
circle in which he moved, and so beautiful
was his life, in all its relations, that he won
and enjoyed the esteem and regard of all
who. knew him. It is fit and proper that the
death of such a man should be raarked by
all the honors that we can pay to his raera
ory. It is just that we should pay this last
tribute as an evidence of our appreciation
of his great abilities and exalted virtues. It
is therefore ordered, that the report of the
proceedings of the bar which have been
presented, be entered of record on the
rainutes of this court, and out of respect for
his meraory, it wiU be further ordered that
this court do now adjourn."
FIELD, Walbridge Abner, of Bos
ton, Mass., son of Abner and Louisa (Gris
wold) Field, was born in Springfield, April
26, 1833. His father was a descendant of
the Fields of Rhode Island, and his raother's
ancestors were from Connecticut.
Mr. Field was educated at private schools
and academies until fitted for college, when
he entered Dartraouth and graduated in the
class of 1855. He was tutor in the college
in 1856 and 1857 and again in 1859. He
studied law in Boston with Harvey Jewell
and at the Harvard Law School ; was ad
raitted to the bar in Boston in i860, and
began practice with Mr. Jewell. In 1865 he
was appointed assistant United States attor
ney for Massachusetts under Richard H.
Dana, and reraained with him and with
George S. Hillard untU 1869, when he was
appointed by President Grant assistant at
torney-general of the United States. This
office he resigned in August, 1870, and be
came a partner whh Mr. Jewell and WiUiara
Gaston, under the firm name of Jewell, Gas
ton & Field, and after Mr. Gaston becarae
Governor of Massachusetts, Edward O. Shep
hard was taken into the partnership, and the
firra narae becarae Jewell, Field & Shephard

and so reraained untU Mr. Field becarae asso
ciate justice of the Supreme Judical Court in
1881. Judge Field was a meraber of the Boston
school board in 1863 and 1864 and of the
coramon council in 1865, 1866 and 1867.
In 1876 he was declared elected to the
House of Representatives of the Forty-fifth
Congress of the United States from the Third
District of Massachusetts, but his seat was
contested, and after about a year's service he
was unseated. He was again a candidate
for the House of Representatives, was re
elected, and, taking his seat in the Forty-
sixth Congress, served without contest.
Judge Field was raarried in 1869, to Eliza
E. McLoon, who died in March, 1877, and
by whom he has two daughters : Eleanor
Louise, and Elizabeth Lenthal. In October,
1882, Judge Field was married to Frances
E., daughter of the Hon. Nathan A. FarweU
of Rockland, Me.
FINNEY, Darwin A., was born at
Shrewsbury, August 11, 18 14; reraoved with
his faraily to JVleadvUle, Pa., when a lad;
received a classical education ; graduated at
the Meadville College ; studied law, was ad
mitted to the bar, and practiced at Mead-
\'ille ; was twice elected to the state House
of Representatives, and once to the state
Senate ; was elected a representative from
Pennsylvania in the Fortieth Congress as a
Republican, and served from March 4, 1867,
until his death while traveUng in Europe,
August 25, 1868.
FISHER, Alonzo G., of Chicago, III.,
son of Samuel G. and Catherine (Parker)
Fisher, was born in West Fairlee, Oct 10,
1839. Educated in the district schools of his
native town and Barre Acaderay, he found
his first eraployraent, in 1861, with Denison
Derby, driving a peddUng wagon, and seven
years later he engaged with N. K. Brown &
Co., of BurUngton, as a traveUng salesman
for their raanufacture of patent raedicines,
traveling by team and reaching the wholesale
trade of New England and some of the mid
dle states.
Mr. Fisher located in Chicago in 1876 and
established himself in the wholesale patent
raedicine business, being the Western dis
tributing agent for raany of the largest con
cerns in the country, and his business has
grown to be the largest of its kind in the
West. He is stiU a partner with N. K.
Brown & Co., of Burlington, and spends a
portion of his tirae in the East in the inter
est of this connection and at his elegant
suraraer horae at Foster's Point, Me.
Besides his regular avocation Mr. Fisher
has been a large and successful operator in
Chicago real estate.

FLAGG.

FLAGG.

63

Socially he is very prominent in Chicago,
being a meraber of the Citizens' Committee ;
a weU known meraber of the IlUnois Club,
and an enthusiastic attendant in the Union
Park Church.
A member of the lUinois Society Sons of
Verraont says of him : "For honesty and
integrity in business matters, he has few
equals ; for his kind and generous irapulses
he is well known and rauch adraired."
Mr. Fisher has been twice married. He
married first, August i, 1861, Lois, daughter
of Horatio Nye, of Barton. Of this union
were three children, only one of whom,
Arthur N. (in business with his father), is
Uving. He was raarried a second time, in
1878, to Fannie D., daughter of Moses O.
Crafts, of Bath, Me. They have two sons :
Theo M., and Alonzo G., Jr.
FLAGG, Fred Alvin, of Troy, N. v.,
youngest surviving son of Gen. Stephen P.
and Lucinda (Brown) Flagg, was born in
Wilmington, June 19, 1857.

FRED ALVIN FLAGG.

He received a classical education at WU
hston Serainary, Easthampton, and at WiU
iams College, Mass.
In 1877 he was appointed deputy coUector
of internal revenue for the Tenth Massachu
setts District, with a residence in Greenfield,
Mass., and three years subsequently was ap
pointed cashier and home office deputy cob
lector of the sarae district, with residence at
North Adams. In 1882 Mr. Flagg resigned

his position, and for several years thereafter
was successfully engaged in the coal trade at
North Adaras under the firra name of Rich
ardson & Flagg. During his business resi
dence in Massachusetts he was repeatedly
urged to become a candidate for political
honors, but he uniformly declined such dis
tinction. Retiring from the coal business in
1888, Mr. Flagg, who inherited a fine bass
voice, for a tirae placed hiraself under the
training of his lamented brother, Lyraan,
whose rausical career in Europe is farailiar
to most Vermonters, and his advancement
was such that his raerits found ready recog
nition in oratorio and concert rausic, which
raade him at once prominent in the rausical
circles of New England.
Mr. Flagg becarae connected with the
Fidelity and Casualty Co., of New York, in
1890, and was subsequently proraoted to the
position of superintendent of agencies, and
is now manager of all departments of the
corapany for a large territory, including the
state of Verraont, with his headquarters
and general office at Troy, N. Y'.
FLAGG, JOHN HENRY, of New York
City, son of Gen. Stephen P. and Lucinda
(Brown) Flagg, was born in WUraington,
July II, 1843.
He was educated in tbe pubUc schools of
- his native town, and at Wesleyan Acaderay,
Wilbrahara, Mass. His law studies were
pursued at the Albany Law School, and with
the firm of Flagg & Tyler, ^^'ilmington. The
raerabers coraposing this firm were his
father. Gen. Stephen P. Flagg, and the Hon.
James M. Tyler, now one of the judges of
the Supreme Court of Vermont. Mr. Flagg
was admitted to the bar in Windham county
at the September terra in 1864, practicing
for the first year at WUraington, and subse
quently at Bennington, for a period of four
years. At the October session of the Verraont Leg
islature in 1864, he was elected clerk of the
House of Representatives, and was unani
mously re-elected to the same office for the
succeeding four years. At the first session
of the Forty-first Congress, beginning in
Deceraber, 1869, he was appointed principal
clerk of the United States Senate, which
office he continued to hold through succeed
ing Congresses until the spring of 1878, when
he resigned. He was adraitted to the bar of
the Suprerae Court of the United States in
1870, and on terrainating his connection with
the United States Senate resuraed his law prae ¦
tice, both in Washington and New York, giv
ing special attention to international questions
arising under treaties between the United
States and foreign powers, as well as kindred
subjects. He was prorainent in the pro
longed discussion involved in the earlier

64

FLAGG.

FLETCHER.

legislation of Congress, defining the relation
of our government to the "Geneva Award
Fund," and tbe method of its distribution,
and subsequently prosecuted to a successful
termination a large number of claims arising
under said treaty.
Reraoving to New York City in the year
1880, he has not only continued his practice
before the Federal courts and departments at
Washington, but has given much attention to
corporation law, receiving a lucrative in
come therefrom, being steadily employed by
various corporations prominent throughout
the country. He is an accepted authority
on the law of parliamentary procedure as
weU as of international law, and has had for
chents several foreign governments in this

•¦nw

JOHN HENRY FLAGG.

latter branch of practice, to which so few
lawyers seera to have given special attention.
For many years he has been counsel to va
rious foreign steamship lines, the large pe
troleum corporations of the United States,
railroad corporations and many others.
He is a member of Union League Club,
the chief Republican organization of New
York City, the Metropohtan Club of Wash
ington, a life meraber of the New England
Society of New York, and was one of the
promoters of the Brooklyn Society of Y^er-
raonters, of which he is a raember and one
of the executive coraraittee.
Mr. Flagg was married in June, 1889, to
Peachy J., daughter of Frank F. and Marion
Jones of Brooklyn, N. Y.

FLETCHER, RICHARD, was born in
Cavendish, Jan. 8, 1788 ; graduated at Dart
mouth College in 1806 ; served in the Legis
lature of Massachusetts ; was a judge of the
Supreme Court frora 1848 to 1853; and a
representative in Congress frora Massachu
setts, frora 1837 to 1839.
FOLLETT, JOHN FASSETT, of Cincin
nati, Ohio, was born in Franklin county, his
father reraoved to Ohio in 1837, and settled
in Licking county ; he procured for himself
a classical education, entering Marietta Cob
lege in 185 1, and graduating in 1855 ^^ the
valedictorian of his class ; he taught school
two years ; studied law and was admitted to
the bar in 1858 ; was elected to the Ohio
Legislature from Licking county, in 1865,
and re-elected in 1867 ; was elected in Janu
ary, 1868, speaker of the House of Repre
sentatives; in September, 1868, removed to
Cincinnati to engage in the practice of the
law, and on the asserabhng of the Legislature
resigned the speakership and his commission
as representative from Licking county ; in
1880 was nominated at the Democratic state
convention as one of the electors at large for
Ohio on the Hancock and Enghsh presiden
tial ticket; in 1879 received the degree of
LL. D., from Marietta CoUege ; and was
elected to the Forty-eighth Congress as a
Deraocrat. FONDA, Edmund S., of Osage, Iowa,
son of Stephen H. and Julia (Harwood)
Fonda, was born June 3, 1839, at Rupert.
Mr. Fonda was educated in the common
schools and at Fort Edward (N. Y.) Insti
tute. The usual experience of a farmer's
son was that of Mr. Fonda untU, in 1862, he
becarae a book-keeper and salesman in the
general store of F. Wells, Constantine, Mich.,
which position he resigned after two years,
and entered into partnership with G. W.
Waterson, of the same place, seUing dry
goods and groceries. He continued in the
sarae business untU 1868, when he removed
to his present horae. In the fall of 1869 he
sold out and engaged in real estate, and in
1875 became further engaged in the sale of
farra raachinery, a business he continues in
at the present day.
Mr. Fonda served as chairraan of the raib
way coraraittee ofthe Osage Board of Trade
for five years, during the projecting and
building of the Winona & Southwestern
R. R., aud was largely instruraental in get
ting the company to build to Osage.
Educational matters have had a strong
interest for hira. He was engaged, previous
to erabarking in the raercantile business, in
teaching district winter schools in Vermont,
New York and Michigan. He has served
raany years on the city school board, and

FOOTE.

FOOTE.

65

as a trustee of the Cedar Valley Serainary
has served several years, and is now presi
dent of the board. He is also president of
the Mitchell County Agricultural Society,
holding that honor for thirteen years.
In pohtics he is Republican ; has served
for two years as raeraber of state central
coraraittee. Has never sought office. W^as
elected mayor ofthe city of Osage, in 1889,
receiving, without distinction of party, every
vote cast but one. Was re-elected mayor in
189T, and declined a re-election in 1893.
He had previously served as city councU-
man.

.His early education was received at Bee
man Academy, class of '79, when he entered
Middlebury CoUege. The following year he
entered the United States MUitary Academy
at West Point, graduating in the class of '84.
He afterwards graduated at the United States
Artillery School at Fortress Monroe, Ya., in
the class of '88.
Junei2, 1884, he was appointed 2d Lieut.
4th Artillery U. S. A., and ist Lieut. June 17,
1889. Frora September, 1884, to Septem
ber, 1885, he served at Fort Adaras, New
port, R. I., from 1885 to 1886 at Fort Trura
buU, New London, Conn., and frora 1886 to
1888 in the artiUery school at Fort Monroe.
From September, 1888, to January, 1889,
he passed traveling in Europe, on leave of
absence, and in January, 1889, becarae as
sistant instructor of engineering, and in
charge of non-coraraissioned officers' school
at the artillery school. Fort Monroe. Frora
March, 1891, till July, 1892, he was on duty
with the Intercontinental Railway Corarais
sion in Washington, D. C, and in Central

EDMUND S. FONDA.
In 1893 Mr. Fonda obtained a charter
for hiraself and associates to organize the
Farraers' National Bank of Osage, of which
he is a director. He is now corafortably
situated with a farm of nine hundred and
ten acres, every acre of which is riUable, and
which is situated but two and a half mUes
from Osage, valued at ^45>ooo- ^as a large
irapleraent trade and other interests.
He married, August 18, 1864, in Constan
tine, Mich., Loretta E., daughter of Rulef
and Charlotte A. Crego. They have three
children : Lottie J., Fannie L., and Kate B.
FOOTE, STEPHEN MILLER, United
States Army, son of Henry William and
Rebecca (Dunlap) Foote, was born Feb. 19,
1859, at La SaUe, Mich., and came to Ver
mont, his father's native state, at fourteen
years of age.

STEPHEN MILLER FOOTE.
America. From July, 1892, to February,
1893, he vvas on duty at Fort Barrancas,
Pensacola, Fla. His last service at present
date is with World's Columbian Exposition.
Lieutenant Foote is a meraber of the Chi
Psi Society of Middlebury College.
He was raarried at Fort Monroe, Va.,
April 24, 1889, to Sara, daughter of Maj.
John Brooke of the Medical Departraent U.
S. A., and Esther WiUing Brooke.

66

FREEMAN.

FRINK.

FREEMAN, NELSON ORLANDO, -of
Freeport, IU., was born in Wolcott, Jan. i,
1836. Mr. Freeman acquired his early education
in the village school and the academy at
Johnson, and prepared for coUege at Fort
Edward Institute. Entering Union CoUege
at Schenectady, N. Y., in the class of 1863,
he later was transferred to the University of
Vermont, where he corapleted the course
and graduated in 1869, receiving the degree
of A. M. In further pursuance of a thorough
preparation for the university he coraraenced
a course at the Boston Theological Seminary
in 1869.
Mr. Freeraan began his life work by enter
ing the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal
Church at the conference held at St. Albans.
While attending coUege he was pastor at
Winooski. In 1870 he went westward and
transferred to the Rock River Conference,
and for the past twenty-five years has served
at various places, including the following
churches : St. Charles and Wheaton, and at
Batavia a second terra, four years at Ottawa.
He is now pastor of First M. E. Church,
Freeport, III.
While ever assiduously applying hiraself^to
his chosen profession and raaking no effort
for distinction in social organizations, he is
a raeraber of the Masonic fraternity and of
the Odd Fellows.
Mr. Freeraan's first wife was Francis E.
Richraond, of Woodstock, Vt., daughter of
Baezillar Richmond and Lodoisski Brown.
She died in 1867, leaving one daughter since
deceased. Mr. Freeman again married in
1872, Hattie, daughter of Ezra and Catherine
Sarason, of Waterman, 111. The result of
this union is three children : Charles S.,
Dwight, and Anna Louise.
"FROST, Timothy Prescott, of Balti
more, Md., son of Timothy M. and Mary G.
(Prescott) Frost, was born at Mount Holly,
June 26, 1850.
His education was received in the district
schools of Weston, the Methodist Seminary
of Montpelier, and the Wesleyan University
at Middletown, Conn.
Mr. Frost entered the itinerant ministery
ofthe Methodist Episcopal Church in 1876
and served full terms at Thetford Centre,
Woodstock, Bradford and Montpelier. He
was chaplain of the Verraont Senate in 1886.
He also served two years at St. Johnsbury,
frora which place he went to the Summer-
field Church, of Brooklyn, N. Y., in May,
1889. In April, 1893, he was appointed
pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal
Church in Baltiraore, Md., where he is
located at present.
In 1888 Mr. Frost was chosen one of two
ministerial delegates from the Vermont con

ference to the general conference of the
Methodist Episcopal Church held in New
York City, which is the legislative body of
the church and meets quadrennially.

TIMOTHY PRESCOTT FROST.

Mr. Frost is a raember of the Society of
the War of 1812, and of the Brooklyn
Society of the Sons of Vermont.
He married, Jan. 23,, 1876, Carrie M.,
daughter of Nathan and Lavona (Webster)
Holt, and has two children : Philip Pres
cott, and Florence Virtine.
FRINK, Alden, of Boston, Mass., son of
Luther and Alvatina (ChUds) Frink, was
born in Woodstock, AprU 18, 1833.
Receiving a limited education in the dis
trict schools, he has earned his own living
since he was nine years of age, working on a
farm until the age of fifteen. He then
learned the carpenter's trade and this occu
pation he foUowed for six years in Windsor
and Worcester, Mass., during which time he
learned the draughting" of plans and when
twenty-one years of age he began the study
of architecture in the office of Elbridge
Boyden, Worcester, Mass. After remaining
there three years, in the spring of 1857 he
reraoved to Boston and was employed by the
United States Government as a draughts
man on the new Minot Ledge Lighthouse.
In 1859 he visUed Europe, traveUing through
England, Ireland and Scotland as well as on
the Continent. In i860 he returned to
this country and opened an office at 28 State

GARFIELDE.

GLAZIER.

67

street, Boston, where he has been located
ever since. Mr. Frink has built over fifty
stores ; over one hundred dwellings ranging
from $5,000 to $150,000, and a number of
schoolhouses, engine-houses and police sta
tions for tbe city of Boston. He also built
the New England Manufacturers and Mer
chants Institute building in Boston, which ,
was destroyed by fire in 1886.
Within the past eight or ten years, he has
built quite a nuraber of railroad stations for
the Boston & Maine, Fitchburg, and Old
Colony Railroad Corapanies, at Woburn,
Somerville Highlands, Winter Hill, Prospect
Hill, Wakefield, Marblehead, Lynn Com

mon, Waverly, Marlboro, Athol, Concord
Junction, Stoneham, Wilton and other
places. He has also made extensive ad
ditions to the Lowell station in Boston.
He affiliates with St. Andrew's Lodge of
Masons, and is a prominent meraber of
Tremont Lodge, No. 15, I. O. O. F.
Mr. Frink was united in raarriage at Bos
ton, Jan. 29, 1859, to Roxana, daughter of
Benjarain and Charlotte Folsom of Vienne,
Me. Mr. and Mrs. Frink have two children :
Leonard Alden Frink, born Sept. 22, 1870,
entering Harvard College in 1889 in class of
1893, and is now a student in Harvard Law
School ; and Carrie Roxana Frink, born
AprU 16, 1876.

GARFIELDE, SeluCIUS, was born in
Shoreham, Dec. 8, 1822 ; reraoved to Ken
tucky in early life ; finished his coUegiate
course at Augusta College ; read law and was
adraitted to the Isar in 1849; was elected a
meraber of the convention to revise the
state constitution ; spent the following year
in South American travel ; eraigrated to
California in 185 i; was elected a raeraber
of the Legislature of that state in 1852 and
in 1853, was selected by that body to codify
the laws of the state ; returned to Kentucky
in 1854, was a raeraber of the Cincinnati
national convention in 1856 and an elector
during that canvass ; reraoved to Washington
Territory in 1857, where he fiUed the posi
tion of receiver of public moneys to i860;
in 1 86 1 he was nominated for Congress, but
was beaten by the secession wing of the
Democratic party ; was surveyor general
from 1866 to 1869, when he was elected a
delegate from Washington Territory in the
Forty-first Congress as a Repubhcan; was
re-elected to the Forty-second Congress.
GILFILLAN, JOHN B., of Minneapolis,
Minn., was born at Barnet, Feb. 11, 1835,
graduated at the Caledonia County Academy
in 1855, then removed to Minneapohs,
where he has since resided, studied law, was
admitted to the bar in July, i860, and has
practiced since ; was a member of the board
of education, i86o-'68, was an alderraan of
the city of Minneapohs, i865-'69, was pros
ecuting attorney of Hennepin county, 1863-
'67, and i869-'73; was city attorney, 1861-
64, was a raeraber of the state Senate of
Minnesota, i875'-85, was regent ofthe State
University of Minnesota in 1880, and stiU
holds that office, and was elected to the
Forty-ninth Congress as a Republican.
GLAZIER, NELSON NEWTON, of Green
field, Mass., son of John Newton and Phebe

Cass (Bourn) Glazier, was born Dec. 12,
1838, at Stratton.
His education was acquired in the cora
raon schools, Leland Serainary, Amherst Col
lege, i859-'6i, and at Brown University,
1864, where he graduated in 1866, receiving
the degree of A.B., and from there in 1869 the
degree of A. M. Also three years, i866-'69,
were spent at the Newton Theological Insti
tution (Baptist). In 1865 while a senior at
Brown University he was elected representa
tive frora his native town, and served on the
coraraittee on education. This honor was
again conferred on hira in 1867 and he was
made a member of the coraraittee on elec
tions. Mr. Glazier, August 11, 1862, enlisted in
Co. G, nth Regt., afterwards ist Vt. Heavy
ArtiUery, and served as private, corporal, and
for a tirae acting ordnance sergeant at Fort
Slocura, and in recruiting service in Verraont.
He was raade 2d Ueutenant of Co. A, Nov.
2, 1863, and became ist lieutenant, Jan. 21,
1864. He lost his left arra at Spottsylvania,
May 18, 1864, and was honorably discharged
Sept. 3, 1864, on account of wounds received
in action.
He is a raeraber of Edwin E. Day Post,
No. 174, G. A. R., of Greenfield, Mass.
October 21, 1869, he was ordained to the
work of the gospel rainistry (Baptist). He
was pastor at Central FaUs, R. I., 1 869-' 70,
MontpeUer, i872-'78. South Abington, Mass.,
i88o-'84, "Westboro, Mass. (acting pastor),
i884-'86, and in 1887 he becarae pastor of
the First Baptist Church at Greenfield, Mass.,
which place he now occupies.
From 1872 to 1875 hewas superintendent
of schools at Montpeher. P'rora 1872 to
1878 he was for three consecutive terras
chaplain of the Verraont Senate. His in
terest in religious matters generally has
always been great, and he is closely identi
fied with the rehgious and benevolent work

68

GLEASON.

GOODNOUGH.

of the Baptist denomination, especially in
Massachusetts, and is deeply interested also
in educational matters.
GLEASON, James Mellen, of Boston,
Mass., was born in Wardsboro, Oct. 6, 1833.
His parents were Josiah and Susan Read
(Morse) Gleason, exceUent representatives.
of the Green Mountain state — of a thrifty
and hardy race of people.
He was educated in the public schools of
his native town and at Springfield Wesleyan
Serainary ; for three years he was an effi
cient teacher in the public schools of his
native state.

JAMES MELLEN GLEASON.

The 1 6th of January, 1856, he went to
Boston to coraplete his education, entering
French's Coraraercial College frora which he
graduated in due course. After several
years service as a book-keeper he became
cashier of the John Hancock Mutual Life
Insurance Co., March i, 1870. That he
has carefully and conscientiously discharged,
in an efficient raanner, the duties of his re
sponsible position, no stronger testimony
could be possible than twenty- three years of
continuous service therein.
The politics of Mr. Gleason, like so raany
"Men of Verraont," has been a stalwart
Republican. He has never sought official
position, yet he has not escaped being
sought after by the office, but has as often
declined, having no desire or taste therefor.
Masonry has the allurements for Mr. Gleason

that politics has for so many others. He was
made a Master Mason in Joseph Warren
Lodge of Boston, Feb. 25, 1868; a Royal
Arch Mason in St. Andrews Chapter, Boston,
Jan. 20, 1871 ; a Knight Templar in Bos
ton Coramandery, Nov. 20, 1872. He has
also received the degrees in the Ancient
and Accepted Scottish Rite including the
32d degree. In no way perhaps has Mr.
Gleason become so well known to the Ma
sonic fraternity as in the capacity of Grand
Lecturer, and never was the office more
effectively filled than by him, in the years
'82 to '87. Few men have more kindly en
deared theraselves to their fellow-men than
Mr. Gleason, and among none is he more
highly esteemed than by his brethren of the
craft. Masonry has given his life abundant
social privUeges, which his kindly and gen
ial manner has enabled hira to improve.
He is a raeraber of the Ancient and Honor
able Artillery Co., of Boston, in reality, to
day, Boston's highest social organization, by
no raeans a savage war-waging body of men.
Mr. Gleason is intensely patriotic ; he re
lates as one of the most pleasing experiences
of his life "that he attended the dedication
of the Bennington monuraent with the Ver
raont Veteran Association, of Boston, and
upon their return they elected hira an honor
ary raember."
Such is a brief sketch of a son of Vermont
who in a quiet modest way has done credit
to his native state.
GOODNOUGH, ALGERNON MOR
DANT, of Redding, Cal., was born in Des
Plaines, Ills., on the i6th of March, 1838.
His parents were both from Verraont, and
his raother dying soon after his birth the
discouraged father returned to his old Green
Mountain haunts, where the subject of our
sketch was reared and educated in a state
he has ever been proud to caU his horae and
native land. He was the son of Daniel
Goodnough, a hard working-farraer of Eng
lish descent, and Harriet M. Conant, a
woraan of rare intelligence and gentie Chris
tian spirit, whose faraily were direct des
cendants of the world faraous Huguenots ;.
they and their ancestors through successive
generations gave evidence of the source-
frora which they sprung, not only in their
marked intelUgence and enterprise, but in>
the fact that they were men,
 "Who wore the white lily of a blameless life."
Mr. Goodnough graduated at Middlebury
College in the class of '61, and the foUowing^
year was married to Lucy H., daughter of
Myron Langworthy of Middlebury, who up
to the time of her death in 1890, proved a
true helpmeet and affectionate wife. For
many years an invahd with rheumatism, her

GOODNOUGH.

GOSS.

69

patient, uncomplaining. Christian spirit won
all hearts. Always devoted to her husband's
welfare it is not strange he speaks of her as
" the noblest woman he ever knew, and the
truest friend he ever had."
Shortly after marriage Mr. Goodnough en
gaged in teaching, his last school being in
Barnstable, Mass., after which he pursued a
course of studies in Yale Theological Semi
nary, and subseqently was installed pastor of
the Congregational church in Mystic Bridge,
Conn. Faihng health induced hira to
resign his charge in 1867, when he went
to the Pacific coast with his wife, across the
isthmus, under the auspices of the Araerican
Horae Missionary Society, and was for sev
eral years settled in San Mateo, Cal., where
a coramodious church was built during his
pastorate ; after which he moved to Vallejo,
Cal., and after some years of ministerial

ALGERNON MORDANT GOODNOUGH.

labor there, his health being- stiU deUcate, he
engaged in merchandising, building up a
large trade, by strict attention to business
and honorable deaUng with aU, in musical
instruments. In the character of a rausic
dealer he is now weU and favorably known
on the Pacific coast. As a singer of home
songs he is known to multitudes in Califor
nia, and wherever known is always welcome.
He sings over four hundred songs from
memory, without the sight of words or music,
and there is, perhaps, not another raan in
America who can sing as many from recol
lection only.
For many years he has been an occasional
contributor to various magazines and news

papers, both secular and religious, and his
articles whether in prose or verse, have
always been recognized as possessing a high
order of hterary raerit. Among the most
notable and widely circulated of his writings
we raay mention a reUgious tract entitled
"My Dead Mother," pubhshed several years
ago under the auspices of the M. E. Tract
Society, by Nelson & PhilUps ; speaking of
this tract Bishop J. R. Vincent said : "It
wiU live a thousand years" — a high coraph
raent indeed, coraing frora such a source.
In 1872 he carae East on a lecturing tour,
delivering in Representatives Hall in Mont
pelier, and in raany other iraportant towns, a
lecture entitled : "Five Years in the Sunset
Land." This lecture was spoken of by the
press in raost flattering terras, and received
by large audiences with raarked interest and
pleasure, winning for the lecturer an envi
able reputation as a platforra orator of un
usual abiUty, as well as an enthusiastic Cali-
fornian. In addition to his rausic trade Mr. Good
nough has quite large real estate interests,
consisting of iraproved and uniraproved
properties in the cities of Redding and
Vallejo, Cab, and a large acreage property
in Shasta county, Cal., where he now re
sides. Of unusually, and we raight say unreason
ably, retiring disposition, the subject of our
sketch, desiring no preferraent political or
social, has steadfastly refused to accept any
of the offices which have frequently been
offered hira in the various political, fra
ternal, social and religious bodies to which
he has belonged, being deeply irapressed
with the emptiness of aU earthly fame, since
"The paths of glory lead but to the grave."
In 1 89 1, a year subsequent to the death of
his forraer beloved wife, he married Miss Ida
May Bloyd, a native of California, an amiable
young lady, with a large circle of friends,
and who had been for many years an inti
mate friend of the faraily. This union has
been blessed with one infant daughter : Elsie
Alzette, born August 21, 1893.
As the position in life, financial and social,
which Mr. Goodnough has acquired is due
solely to his unswerving integrity and unaided
efforts, he may justly take pride in the result
of his labors while looking cheerfully toward
the sunset of life, as well expressed in an
original stanza from his pen with which we
close :
I trust when this fast fleeting Ufe reaches sunset
And o'er past are its labors, its troubles and ills,
Beyond the dark night I shall greet the bright morning,
of an unending day on the heavenly hills.
GOSS, Ezra C., was bom in Windsor
county, graduated at the University of Ver
raont in 1806 ; was a representative in Con
gress frora New York, from 1819 to 1821;

70

GOULD.

GOULD.

and was elected to the Asserably of that
state in 1828 and '29, but died before the
close of his second terra.
GOULD, Charles Gilbert, of Wash
ington, D. C, son of Jaraes and Judith
White (Tenney) Gould, was born in Wind
hara, May 5, 1844.
He attended the coraraon schools in his
native town until eighteen years of age,
when he entered the volunteer array of the
United States in the war for the suppression
of the rebellion, his subsequent education
having been received from private tutors
and in the Columbian University at AVash
ington, D. C.

^j^9m' *^

CHARLES GILBERT GOULD.

He enlisted as a private in Company G,
nth Vt. Vols., August 13, 1862, was pro
raoted corporal Dec. 27, 1863, sergeant-
major Feb. 12, 1864, second lieutenant Co.
E, nth Vt. Vols. June 30, 1864, captain Co.
H, 5th Vet. Vols. Nov. 10, 1864, and major
by brevet April 2, 1865. Was honorably
discharged June 19, 1865. During his mil
itary service he participated in the battles of
Spottsylvania, Va., May 15 to 18, 1864;
Cold Harbor, June i to 12, 1864; Peters
burg (four), June 18, 1864; Weldon Raib
road, June 23, 1864; Fort Stevens, D. C,
July 12, 1864; Winchester, Va., Sept. 19,
1864 ; Fisher's Hill, Sept. 21, and 22, 1864;
Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864. He was
severely wounded in the battie of Peters
burg, Va., April 2, 1865, receiving, after en
tering the enemy's works, a dangerous saber

cut in the head, a bayonet wound in the face
and a second bayonet wound in the back,
besides being severely beaten with clubbed
muskets. Was officially reported as the first
one in the assaulting column to enter the
enemy's works, and for distinguished gab
lantry in this battie was breveted major
and also received a raedal of honor from
Congress. Being disabled frora pursuing the more
active avocations of life when discharged
from the array, he accepted a clerkship in
the United States Pension Office at Washing
ton, D. C, in January, 1866, and after serv
ing in various grades and capacities in that
office until October, 187 1, he resigned there
frora to accept the position of chief clerk in
the office of the Water Registrar for the Dis
trict of Colurabia, from which he resigned
on account of iU-health in 1874.
In 1875 he was offered, but declined, the
appointraent as U. S. Consul at Odessa,
Russia. In 1876 he accepted an appoint
raent in the office of the Secretary of the
Navy, which he resigned during the same
year to accept an appointraent in the office
of the Secretary of War. This appointment
he resigned in February, 1877, to accept an
appointment in the United States Patent
Office, in which, after promotion through the
various intermediate grades, he was ap
pointed a principal exarainer July i, 1884,
which position he now occupies.
In politics he has always been a Repubh
can, but has never been a candidate for any
political office.
He is a meraber of West River Lodge,
No. 57, F. & A. M., of Londonderry, and
of Colurabia R. A. Chapter, No. 3, and
Washington Coraraandery, No. i, K. T., of
Washington, D. C, and of the Commandery
of the District of Columbia, in the Military
Order of the Loyal Legion of the United
States, but has always declined office in any
of these organizations. He was a member
of the G. A. R. from October, 1866, until
1872, in which organization he held the
offices of post adjutant, assistant adjutant
general of the Department of the Potomac
and aid-de-carap on the staff of the com
raander-in-chief. He was raarried Oct. i, 1871, to Ella
Cobb, daughter of Hon. Williara and Mary
D. (Cobb) Harris, of Windhara. Two
daughters, Myra Harris, and EUa, were born
of tbis union, but neither wife nor daughters
survive. He was again united in marriage
Sept. 12, 1893, to Frances Lucy, daughter
of Gen. George F. and Ada R. (Cobb)
Davis, of Cavendish.
GOULD, 'Will D., of Los Angeles,
Cab, son of Daniel and Betsa (Smith)
Gould, was born Sept. 17, 1845, at Cabot.

GOULD.

GRAY.

71

Mr. Gould was educated at high schools
and academies at St. Johnsbury and Barre,
-¦and tbe University of Michigan, where he
graduated in 187 1, and was principal of the
graded schools at Passumpsic Village, Marsh
field, and Plainfield. At the March raeeting
next, after becoraing of age, he was chosen
superintendent of schools of his native town.
He studied law in the office of Hon. Charles
H. Heath, and was adraitted to the bar at
Montpeher. Removing to his present home
in 1872, he has been actively engaged in a
large practice, having the oldest law office in
the county. He is a close student, proud of

GRAY, ANDREW Jackson, of Hamp
ton, Iowa, son of Dr. Henry and Margaret
(Carpenter) Gray, was born in Weston,
Feb. 23, 1820. Descended frora the Scotch
on the paternal, and Enghsh on the mater
nal side, young Gray was well- equipped
from his birth to cope with the world.
He was educated at the district schools
and at Bennington and Chester acaderaies,
and settled on a farra in Weston at the age
of twenty-one, where he followed the life of
a farraer for twenty years, removing to
Manchester in i860, in order to better edu
cate his three sons. He was chosen a di
rector of the BattenkiU Bank, of Manchester,
in 1861, and elected vice-president in 1870,
and president in 1880, and continued in
this position until the close of the institu
tion in 1885, when he was appointed agent
to close its affairs, which he successfully
acoorapUshed and paid one hundred and

WILL u. GOULD.

his profession and scrupulously faithful in the
discharge of duty. Having been born and
raised on a farra, agricultural and horticul-
-tural pursuits have always attracted his at
tention, and his thousand-acre farm in the
-valley and foot-hiUs of La Canada and Pasa
dena bears witness of his foresight and
energy. .
In public affairs, local, state, and national,
he I has taken an active interest. He is a
Prohibitionist, and has been the party's can
didate for superior judge, attorney general,
-and member of Congress.
He is a meraber of several social, frater
nal, and commercial organizations, including
¦temperance and Masonic, and Chamber of
Comraerce. , t a 1
Mr Gould was raarried at Los Angeles,
Tune 26, 1875, to Mary L., daughter of Dan
iel and Harriet T. Halt of Katonah, N. Y.

ANDREW JACKSON GRAY.
fifty cents on the doUar to the stockholders.
Mr. Gray reraoved to Harapton, Iowa, in
1885, where he has since resided and carries
on a successful real estate and loan business,
besides being interested in raany other
enterprises. Mr. Gray was united in marriage Nov.
25, 1845, to Mary, daughter of Aaron and
Susan Burton of Chester. Their children
are : L. B., J. B., and Henry.
When Mr. Gray was twenty-one years of
age he was called to Woodstock to act as a
juror in a land case. On repairing to the

72

GRAY.

GRAY.

jury roora he found that the eleven other
jurors had opinions adverse to his, and after
a thorough canvass of the case in his own
raind to find wherein he was wrong, he was
unable to change his opinion, and after
being out twenty-four hours the jury return
ed a verdict in accordance with his opinion.
Always a Deraocrat, Mr. Gray has been
the recipient of many public positions. He
was a grand juror, assessor and justice of the
peace in Weston ; and a grand juror, assessor
and justice of the peace in Manchester.
He has been prorainent in Masonic cir
cles, and has been treasurer of Adoniram
Lodge, No. 42.
A man of sterling integrity, he has always
had the love and respect of all whose good
fortune it was to be numbered araong his
circle of friends.
GRAY, Edgar H., of Oakland, Cab,
was born in Bridport, November, 181 3. Of
Scotch-Irish parentage on the paternal side,
his father being Daniel Gray, a graduate of
Middlebury CoUege in •1805, and his mother
being Aray Bosworth.

-'-Sj. <^'-

EDGAR H. GRAY.

While quite young he learned the printer's
trade, and thereafter fitted for college, partly
at select schools in Bridport, and partly in
Brandon, and graduated from Waterville
College (Maine) in 1838; studied for the
ministry and was for a few years pastor of
a Baptist church in Freeport, Me., having
previously raarried Mary J. Rice of said
state. Sometime between 1845 and 1850,

he was settled in Shelburne Falls, Mass.
and labored there tiU i860, when he became
pastor of the E Street Baptist Church, Wash
ington, D. C. His pastorate at Shelburne
Falls was a very successful one, and he was
much loved and popular araong his people.
In 1852 he was called to the leading Baptist
church in St. Louis, Mo., but his people so
strongly opposed his leaving that he de
chned the caU. In i860, however, he ac
cepted a caU to Washington, where he
officiated tiU about 1878. He was chosen
chaplain of the U. S. Senate, and held that
position at the death of President Lincoln,
and officiated at his funeral.
He had two sons and three daughters by
his first wife, who died during his residence
in Washington, and he subsequently married
a Mrs. Carter, who had interests in Califor
nia, and he reraoved to San Francisco, and
became first pastor of a Baptist church in
that city ; afterwards he was eraployed to
look after and superintend the Baptist
churches in that state. He officiated also
as pastor of a church in Oakland, where he
now resides, and is acting as dean of a the
ological seminary in that city. In 1889 was
the anniversary of his fifty years in the min
istry, and his church in Oakland celebrated
the event as a jubilee occasion, in which
other denominations joined. Many expres
sions frora persons present and absent in
coraraendation of his long, faithful, and use
ful services were presented. These services
and labors had secured for him a large circle
of admiring and affectionate friends. He
had been honored with the degree of D. D.,
and was well equipped for the training of
young raen for the rainistry, in which work
(1893) he is now engaged at nearly eighty
years of age.
Few raen have had the good fortune to
work in the Lord's vineyard as long and
continuously as he, and yet his eye is not dim
nor is his natural force abated.
GRAY, Melvin L., of St. Louis, was
born in Bridport, July, 1815, the son of
Daniel Gray, of Scotch-Irish descent, and
Amy Bosworth.
He was reared on a farra in his native
town, and in the family of the Rev. Increase
Graves, the first settled minister (Congrega
tional) of said town. He attended district
and select schools in the winters and labored
on the farra during the suramers, and in that
way fitted for coHege and mastered the
studies of the freshman year at horae, with
out a teacher, in the winter preceding his
entry of the sophomore class in August,
1836, of Middlebury College, frora which his
father had graduated in 1805. He defrayed
the expenses of his college course by teach
ing winters and graduated in August, 1839,

GRAY.
in a class of thirty-eight, araong whora were
John G. Saxe, the poet, and the Hon. WiU
iara A. Howard, at one time raember of Con
gress from Michigan, and afterwards Gover
nor of Washington Territory.
™He taught in Autauga county, Ala., two
years and in Montgoraery county of said
state six raonths, and then located in St.
Louis in September, 1842, and was admitted
to the bar in that city in May, 1 843, after a
study of law for only seven months, supple
menting that short course by continued
study, after admission. In February, 1844,

GR.AY.

13

MELVIN L. GRAY.

he forraed a partnership with Charles B.
Lawrence, a native of Vermont, afterwards
for raany years on the Supreme Bench of
the state of Ilhnois. As business carae
slowly, Mr. Lawrence removed to IlUnois,
and in 1848 Mr. Gray forraed a partnership
with Frankhn Fisher, a native of Massa
chusetts, who came to St. Louis from Ala
baraa where he had been in practice, and
on his death, in 1849, Mr. Gray ever after
practiced his profession alone.
He married in 185 1 Miss Rith C. Bacon,
of Warren, Mass., daughter of Rufus F. and
Emehne (Cutler) Bacon, but no children
were born to thera, and his wife departed
this hfe in July, 1893.
For several years prior to 1854 Mr. Gray
had a large practice in stearaboat cases,
under the Missouri statute regulating steam
boats, but in that year Judge Robert W.
Wells of the United States District Court for

Missouri decided that the United States
courts had exclusive jurisdiction of ad
miralty causes, as well on the navigable
rivers as on the sea, and, the United States
Suprerae Court sustaining this view, the
state statute becarae inoperative. The
practice of the subject of this sketch was
wholly in civil cases, and embraced the
whole range of legal and equitable causes. It
is beUeved that the first trade raark suits
brought and tried in the state, were brought
by him in the United States Circuit Court for
the Eastern district of Missouri and of which
cases he had a large number, one of which,
McLean vs. Fleraing, 96 UnUed States
Suprerae Court reports, is a leading case in
that branch of the law. He has also acted as
executor, adrainistrator and curator of num
erous estates, many of thera quite large, and
having labored over fifty years in the con
tinuous work of his profession, he has now
withdrawn frora the sarae, though yet vigor
ous, and devotes his tirae to his personal
afifairs and various financial enterprises.
He has never sought or held office, unless
acting as trustee of Drury CoUege of Spring
field, Mo., and other educational institutions
may be considered such. He was originally
a Whig, then a RepubUcan, and during the
civil war, was for the Union and his country,
and was a member of the Horae Guards, an
organization of the elder citizens of St.
Louis for its protection and defense.
GRAY, Henry William, of San Fran
cisco, Cab, son of Benjarain and Nancy Jane
(Vance) Gray, was born in Hardwick, Jan.
18, 1837.
He received his education in the public
schools of his native town, and the acaderay
at Glover. When not attending school he
worked on his father's farra until he had
passed the years of his minority.
In i860 he went to California, and soon
after his arrival in San Francisco he pro
ceeded to the mines, where he was engaged
in raining and raiUing until 1876, when he
located at San Francisco, and engaged in
the hvery and boarding stable business,
which he has followed ever since, being at
present proprietor of the Santa Clara Stables.
Mr. Gray was always very fond of horses, and
on pleasant afternoons is frequently seen driv
ing a handsorae teara through Golden Gate
Park. He is president of the Gray Eagle Gravel
Gold Mining Co., located at Forest Hill,
Cab, and one of the proprietors of a large
timber tract in Mendocino county; also a
large shareholder in two irrigation com
panies in San Joaquin county.
He is a Repubhcan ; a meraber of the
Red Men; A. O. U. W^ and the Pacific
Coast Association Native Sons of Vermont.

74

GREENE.

GREENE.

Mr. Gray was married in San Francisco
thirty years ago to Miss Catherine Sophia
Gerry. Of this union is one son : Frank
John Gray, aged twenty-nine, who is justice
of the peace in San Francisco, having been
elected for the second terra. Mrs. H. W.
Gray died in February, 1892.
GREENE, ROGER S., of Seattle, Wash.,
son of David and Mary Evarts Greene, was
born at Roxbury, Mass., Dec. 14, 1840. He
is a descendant of many of the distinguished
farailies of the Atlantic states, and in his
character can be detected sorae of the
strongest virtues of his ancestry. On the
raaternal side he is the great-grandson of
Roger Sherraan, one of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence, the Articles of
Confederation, and tbe United States Con
stitution. His raother, Mary Evarts, was a
daughter of Jereraiah Evarts, and a sister of

ROGER S. GREENE.

Williara M. Evarts, recently United States
Senator frora New York. His father, David
Greene, was for twenty years corresponding
secretary of the Araerican Board of Com
missioners for Foreign Missions. In his
eighth year the family removed to Westbor-
ough, Mass., and two years later to \\'indsor,
Vt. He received a raost careful education, and
after corapleting an academic course entered
Dartraouth CoUege, frora which he was grad
uated in 1.859. During his coUege life,
being largely dependent upon his own exer
tions for support, he taught school in vaca

tions at Windsor in the winter of i857-'58,,
and at F'alraouth, Mass., in the winter o£
i858-'59. Soon after his graduation he be
gan the study of law in the office of Evarts,
Southmayd & Choate, in New York City, a
firra coraposed of as briUiant raen as ever
adorned the bar ofthe raetropohs of America,
each of whora had at that tirae gained national
renown. In this office as student, and after
ward as raanaging clerk, he had an excellent
opportunity of gaining a valuable preliminary
legal training. In May, 1862, in NewYork
City, he was admitted to practice, but his
loyalty to his country induced him to aban
don his professional career and to enter the-
Union array.
InSepteraber,i862, he enlisted under com
raission as 2d Lieut, of Co. I, 3d Missouri
Inft. ; in March following he was promoted:
to ist Lieut, of the sarae corapany, and stUI
later, in 1863, was raade captain of Co. C,,
51st U. S. Colored Inft., serving as such
until honorably discharged by acceptance of
his resignation in Noveraber, 1865. He
also served during this period as judge advo
cate of the District of '\Ycksburg at the close-
of 1864 and beginning of 1865, and judge-
advocate of the Western Division of Louis
iana frora June, 1865, untU retirement from
service. He received a gun-shot wound
through the right arra in the general assault:
on Vicksburg while in coraraand of his com
pany. May 22, 1863. Just before his miU
tary service. Judge Greene was offered the-
position of Assistant United States District
Attorney for the southern district of New-
York, but declined the office.
In January, 1866, he began the practice of
his profession in Chicago, occupying the
sarae office with Perkin Bass, then United
States attorney, with whom he was associated
in practice.
He reraained in Chicago until his appoint
ment by President Grant, in July, 1870, as
associate justice of the Supreme Court of
Washington Territory, when he settled at
Olyrapia. He was twice re-appointed, hold
ing the office until January, 1879, when he
was commissioned chief justice, at which
rime he removed to Seattie, where he has
since continued to reside. In 1883 he was
re-appointed chief justice and served untiP
the close of his terra in March, 1887. Since
that tirae he has been for the most part en
gaged in the practice of his profession. In
March, 1887, he formed a professional co
partnership with Hon. Cornelius H . Hanford,.
now United States District Judge of the
District of Washington, and Hon. John H.
McGraw, now Governor of the state of Wash
ington, under the firra narae of Greene,
Hanford & McGraw ; afterward, in August,.
the firm was enlarged by the addition of
another raember, Joseph F. McNaught, Esq.,.

GREENLEAF.

GREENLEAF.

75

under the firm name of Greene, McNaught,
Hanford & McGraw. In July, 1888, the
partnership was dissolved by mutual con
sent, aU the partners retiring from practice,
the senior partner on account of temporary
iU-heaUh, Messrs. McNaught and McGraw
to enter other pursuits and Judge Hanford
to become chief justice of the Supreme
Court of Washington Territory. In 1889
Judge Greene resuraed the practice of l§,w,
and in 1890 formed a partnership with L.
Theodore Turner of Seattle, with whora, un
der the firm name of Greene & Turner, he
has been in fuU practice ever since, hand
Ung in course of his practice many of the
raost iraportant interests in the state. In
1889 he was trustee and secretary of the
Seattle Investraent Co. Frora 1890 to the
present time, he has been trustee and secre
tary of the Seattle Trust Co., I5 00,000 capi
tal. From 1890 to 1893 he was trustee and
vice-president of the Rainier Power and
Railway Co., capital §500,000. He has
been successful in business.
Judge Greene is a member of the Seattle
Stevens Post G. A. R., and has repeatedly
been the selection of the Posts of Seattle to
address them on Memorial Day.
Pohtically, he has always been identified
with the Repubhcan party until the year
1888, when he joined the Prohibition move
raent, to which he has ever since adhered.
He was, in 1888, the candidate of the Pro
hibition party for delegate to Congress from
Washington, and in 1892 was the Prohibi
tion candidate for Governor of the state.
Religiously, his parents being Congrega-
tionahsts, his first church connection was
with the church of that denomination in
Windsor, where his membership remained
until after the war. Then he united with
the New England Congregational Church of
Chicago. Afterward he was a constituent
and prominent raember of the Lincoln Park
Church. On removal to Olyrapia he joined
the Baptist church, with which denoraina
tion he has ever since been conspicuously
and influentiaUy identified.
Judge Greene was married August 17,
1866, at Whitewater, W'is., to Grace, daughter
of Jesse and Rhoda (Brockett) Wooster of
Naugatuek, Conn. They have four children :
Agnes Margaret, born Oct 18, 1868; Roger
Sherman, born Sept. 29, 1870; Grace
Evarts, born Jan. 15, 1875, and Mary
Rhoda, born July 27, 1876.
GREENLEAF, HALBERT STEVENS, of
Rochester, was born in Guilford, April 12,
1827. The descent of the Greenleaf family
of New England is "undoubtedly to be
traced," says the compiler of the Greenleaf
genealogy, "from the Huguenots, who, when
persecuted for their religion, fied from

France about the middle of the sixteenth
century." The narae was originally FuiUe-
vert, anglicized Greenleaf, in which forra it
occurs in England toward the close of the
sixteenth century. The comraon ancestor
of the Greenleaf faraily of America was Ed
ward Greenleaf, a silk dyer by trade, who
was born in the parish of Brixham, in the
county of Devonshire, England, about the
year 1600. He raarried Sarah Dole, by
whora he had several chUdren in England,
and with his wife and faraily came to this
country, settling first in Newbury and after
ward in Boston, Mass., where he died in
167 1. A nuraber of the family have distin
guished theraselves in New England by their
intellectual attainraents, which have been of

/

HALBERT STEVENS GREENLEAF.
a high order. One of these, Jeremiah Green
leaf, the father of the subject of this sketch,
was the author of what was known as Green-
leaf's Grammar, and devoted a large part of
his hfe to study, authorship, and instruction
in this special branch of education. He was
also the author of Greenleaf's Gazeteer, and
Greenleaf's Atlas, both exceUent works of
their kind, and highly esteemed at the tirae
they appeared. True to his instincts and
patriotism as a "Green Mountain Boy,"
Jeremiah Greenleaf took an active part in
the war of 181 2, enhsting as a private and
winning his commission as an officer. He
married Miss Elvira E. Stevens, the daugh
ter of Siraon Stevens, M. D., of Guilford, "a
true and noble woraan, of no sraaU degree of
culture."

76

GREENLEAF.

GRINNELL.

Thus the subject of this sketch combines
in his nature, as in his name, the elements of
two characteristic New England famUies of
the old school. His career has been in
many respects a most varied and reraarkable
one. The son of educated parents, it was
quite natural that he should receive a good
education, which was received in part, of
course, at home, and in part at the common
schools and acaderay of his native New
England. His boyhood and youth were spent
in farm hfe, but, from his nineteenth to his
twenty-third year, he taught district and gram
mar schools in the winter raonths, and during
one season — so as to add as rauch as possible
to his funds, worked in a brickyard. At the
age of twenty-three he raade a six raonth's
sea- voyage in the whaling vessel, Lewis Bruce,
serving before the raast as a coraraon sailor.
On the 24th of June, 1852, shortly after his
return frora sea, he raarried Miss Jeannie F.
Brooks, the youngest daughter of John
Brooks, M. D., of Bernardston, Mass., and,
in the raonth of Septeraber following, removed
to Shelburne Falls, Mass., where he obtained
eraployraent as a day laborer at the bench, in
a large cutlery establishraent. A few raonths
later he found a position in the office of a
neighboring manufactory, and in a short tirae
becarae a raeraber of the firm of MiUer &
Greenleaf. On the nth of March, 1856, he
- was commissioned by the Governor of Massa
chusetts a justice of the peace. In 1857, a
railitary corapany having been forraed in
Shelburne Falls, the young raen coraposing
it selected Mr. Greenleaf as their captain,
and he continued in coraraand frora the 29th
of August in that year, until the 3d of March,
1859, when he resigned his captain's cora
mission. The same year he became a raera
ber of the firm of Linus Yale, Jr., & Co., in
Philadelphia, and went to that city to live,
reraaining in business there until 1861, when
he returned to Shelburne FaUs, and organized
the Yale & Greenleaf Lock Co., of which he
becarae business manager.
Making the best disposition he could of
his business, he enlisted as a private soldier
in the Union array in August, 1862, enter
ing the fifty-second Massachusetts regiraent,
to the organizing and recruiting of which he
devoted both his money and energy. He
was coraraissioned captain of Company E,
Sept. 12, 1862, and on the 13th of October
was unanimously elected colonel of the reg
iraent, which was soon afterwards ordered
into service under General Banks in the de
partraent of the Gulf. During Banks' first
Red River expedUion Colonel Greenleaf was
commandant of the post at Barre's Landing,
Louisiana, and for a brief period in cora
raand of the second brigade of Grover's
division. At the head of his regiraent he
participated in the battles of Indian Ridge,

and performed gallant service at Jackson
Cross Roads, and in the grand assault on
Port Hudson, June 14, 1863, and in the
subsequent siege operations resulting in the
surrender of that important confederate
stronghold, he bore a conspicuous part and
distinguished hiraself by his coolness, judg
ment and bravery. At the expiration of his
terra of raUitary service. Colonel Greenleaf
was offered and accepted the coramand of
the government steamer. Colonel Benedict,
on the lower Mississippi.
Soon after the close of the war he took
charge of the extensive salt works of Petite
Anse Island, St. Mary's Parish, Louisiana.
In June, 1867, he removed to Rochester,
N. Y., and on the ist of July following, the
firra of Sargent & Greenleaf, of which he is
the junior raeraber, was organized. The
firra of Sargent & Greenleaf raanufacture,
under patents held by thera, raagnetic, auto-
raatic, chronometer and other burglar locks ;
combination safe locks, padlocks, drawer,
trunk, house, chest, store, door and other
locks, night latches, etc., and so successful
has the firm been, that to-day their locks of
every description have raade their way to
every part of the civilized world.
In the presidential campaign of 1880
Colonel Greenleaf devoted himself with
energy to the support of General Hancock,
the Democratic candidate, and organized
and comraanded the "Hancock brigade"
a political-military organization opposed to
the Republican organization of similar char
acter, known as the " Boys in Blue." In
the early part of February, 1882, he was
elected coraraander of the First New York
veteran brigade, with the rank of brigadier-
general, and unaniraously re-elected to that
position in January, 1883. Although he did
not seek the honor, in the fall of 1882 the
Deraocratic congressional convention, for
the Thirtieth District, at Rochester, nomi
nated General Greenleaf for Congress as a
Democrat, and he was elected, receiving
18,042 votes, against 12,038 for John Van
Voorhis, Republican, and 1,419 for Gordon,
Prohibitionist. He was also elected to the
Fifty-second Congress from the same Repub
lican district, and is at present a raeraber of
the board of trustees of the Rochester Sav
ings Bank ; of the Rochester park commis
sion ; of the St. Lawrence University at Can
ton, N. v., and of the Soldiers' and Sailors'
Home at Bath, N. Y.
GRINNELL, JOSIAH B., was born in
New Haven, Dec. 22, 1821 ; received a cob
legiate and theological education; went to
Iowa in 1855, and turned his attention to
farming ; was a member of the state Senate
for four years ; a special agent for the gen
eral post office for two years, and was elected

GRISWOLD.
a representative frora Iowa to the Thirty-
eighth Congress.
GRISWOLD, William D., of St Louis,
was born Nov. 6, 1815, in Benson. His
father and mother were Isaac and Huldah
Griswold. The son William received his early educa
tion in the common schools and afterwards
took a course in Middlebury CoUege. In his
preparatory studies he was tutored by the
late Rev. Dr. Post, of St. Louis. Soon after
leaving coUege, at the age of twenty years,
Mr. Griswold went to the West and began
the study of law at Indianapohs. After his
-admission to the bar he located in the town
of Terre Haute and began the practice of law
in partnership with John P. Usher, who in
after years was made Secretary of the Inte
rior in President Lincoln's cabinet. The
law firm of Griswold & Usher became weU

GRISWOLD.

77

WILLIAM D. GRISWOLD.
and widely known in the states of Indiana
and Ilhnois, and raany important cases were
committed to its charge. In the practice in
IlUnois Mr. Griswold became intimate with
Abraham Lincoln and Judge David Davis,
and a very sincere regard marked the friend
ship as long as their lives lasted. Having
located at Terre Haute in 1838 Mr. Gris
wold continued his residence there for thirty-
five years.
In the year 1842 he married Miss Maria
Lancaster, of Kentucky, who is still living.
They had two children : A son, who is the

well known hotel raan, owner and proprietor
of the Laclede, of St. Louis ; and a daughter,
wife of Mr. Huntington Smith of St. Louis.
After the expiration of the partnership
with Mr. Usher, Mr. Griswold gradually re
tired from the practice of law. In 1858 he
was placed by a state convention on the
Repubhcan ticket with three others, consti
tuting the bench, for judge of the Supreme
Court. The ticket was defeated at the polls,
whereupon Mr. Griswold took a great inter
est in the railroad developraent of his section
of the country. He built the original Evans-
viUe & Crawfordsville R. R., and operated it
for a period of three years, and was then
caUed to take charge of the Terre Haute,
AUon & St. Louis line, which at that tirae
was rauch involved, badly raanaged, and fast
approaching a state of total wreck. As pres
ident and raanager of this road he deraon-
strated his superior organizing and adrainis
trative ability. Later, in the year 1864, Mr.
Griswold took hold of the Ohio & Mississippi
R. R., and as president and raanager brought
order out of chaos, and put that important
hne into the prorainent place which it has
ever since occupied. It was during Mr.
Griswold's adrainistration of seven years
that the change of the gauge of the road was
reduced from the six foot to the standard
width. The work was all accomplished in
one day, and without any injury to the trans
portation of the line, and at that date was
considered one of the marvels of railroad
building. Mr. Griswold removed to St. Louis in the
year 1872, and has proceeded to invest
within it and near the borders. He was an
exceUent judge of real estate values, and has
unbounded confidence in the growth and
extension of the city. It was this good
judgment which directed him to the pur
chase of a large body of land lying on the
north side of Forest Park between Kings
Highway and Union avenue. The tract was
purchased atthe price of ^1,000 per acre,
and lay for years idle, and in the judgment
of many business men, a dead piece of prop
erty. Time worked wonders with it, how
ever, and justified aU of Mr. Griswold's most
sanguine expectations. Three years ago it
was purchased by a syndicate of weU-known
citizens at the handsome figure of ^5,000 per
acre. It is to-day one of the most attractive
residence portions of the city, where all the
improvements are made upon a scale of
costly elegance. A horae in Westraoreland
Place or Portland Place iraphes wealth and
taste, fulfiUing Mr. Griswold's early concep
tion of the ultimate value of that portion of
the city. Mr. Griswold is at present con
siderably interested in property across the
river in East St. Louis. He is owner of the
gas works of that city. Quite recently he

78

HALL.

HALL.

bought a thousand-acre tract of land in the
American Bottora, lying on both sides of the
Vandalia Railroad, about six railes east of
East St. Louis. He has divided this body
of rich arable land into four farras of 250
acres each, upon which he has put raany im
portant improvements. In this particular
enterprise he has indulged the desire of his
heart to provide for each one of his young
grandchildren a comfortable and coraplete
farra home, which is to pass absolutely to
each one when the youngest reaches his ma
jority. The deed of trust conveying these
lands is to their father, Mr. Huntington
Smith, who at present manages the property.

Mr. Griswold passes his winters and the
cool seasons in St. Louis. In the summer
tirae he takes his family and repairs to his
native state, Verraont, where at the hand
sorae town of Castleton he has provided
another home, which lies one and one-half
hours railroad distance north and east of
Saratoga, near Lake Champlain, where the
winds are cool and refreshing under the
raorning shadows of the beautiful Green
Mountains. Here he finds recreation and
pleasure among family and friends and in
the atmosphere of a life nearly spent.

HALL, ALFRED Stevens, of Boston,
Mass., son of Edward and Frances A. (Tut
tle) Hall, was born in West W^estrainster,
April 14, 1850.

ALFRED STEVENS HALL.

The people of his native parish, in his
boyhood years, were generally of an intel
lectual cast, and highly appreciated educa
tional advantages and attainraents. It is
not strange that a naturally good scholar,
growing up in such surroundings, should
have early possessed good ambitions. After
sorae preparation for coUege in the home
schools, in West Westminster, and at the
WiUiston Seminary and Kirabail Union
Acaderay, Mr. Hall entered Dartraouth Col
lege in 1869 and was there graduated in 1873.

It was necessary for hira to earn the pe
cuniary raeans of his education in the main,
and to do this he taught school some por
tion of each year for several years. He also
taught an entire year, after his graduation
at Dartraouth, in Manchester, N. H., where
also he began the study of law in the office
of Cross & Burnbara.
In the fall of 1874 he went to Boston to
enjoy the advantages of a law school. In
1875 he received the degree of LL. B. from
Boston University, graduating from its law
school. A few raonths afterwards he was
adraitted to the Suffolk bar, and the first of
January, 1876, he began the practice of law
in Boston. He has an excellent clientage
and practice, and has steadfastly continued
at Boston in the pursuit and exercise of his
profession, with the exception of about one
year, since be there began his life work.
Upon hira are also devolved raany corpor
ate and personal trusts in the line of his
professional work and practice.
Mr. Hall was raarried, Oct. 18, 1876, to
Miss Annette M., daughter of Josiah H. and
Martha A. (Charaberlain) Hitchcock, of
Putney, a lady of exceptional graces and
personal worth. She died Sept. 26, 1887,
but is survived by a son, Francis C, and a
daughter, Helen A.
Ever since his marriage, Mr. Hall has had
his home in Winchester, a suburb eight
miles out from Boston, and he is identified
with the public measures and responsibili
ties of his town and coraraunity.
HALL, Christopher W., ofMinne-
eapohs, Minn., son of Lewis and Louisa
(Wilder) Hall, was born Feb. 28, 1845, at
Wardsboro. The Leland and Gray Serainary at Towns
hend, Chester Acaderay and Middlebury
College were the sources of Dean HaU's
earlier educational acquirements, and occu
pied the years from 1864 to 187 1. He was

HATCH.

79

principal of the Glens FaUs, N. Y., Academy
in i87i-'72, and the Mankato, Minn., high
school the two following years and superin
tendent of city schools at Owatonna, Minn.,
from 1873 to '75. From 1875 to 1877 be at
tended the famous University of Leipzig,
Germany, and in 1878 he was called to the
chair of geology and mineralogy in the
University of Minnesota, and has recently
received further distinction frora tbat institu
tion, in becoming the dean of the CoUege of
Engineering, Metallurgy and the Mechanic
Arts. Dean Hall has long occupied a prominent
and active position in his chosen field and is
the author of many valuable papers on
geological and educational subjects. During
the winter term of 1878 he lectured on
zoology at Middlebury College and was later,
that year, and up to 1879, an instructor in
the University of Minnesota. Frora 1879 to
1 89 1 he was a professor of geology, mineral
ogy and biology, and in 1891 became the
professor of geology and mineralogy. Frora
1878 to 1 88 1 he was assistant geologist of
the geological survey of Minnesota and be
came assistant geologist of the United States
geological survey in 1883. The Minnesota
Acaderay of Natural Sciences at Minneapolis
raade him its secretary in 1882 and in 1883
the editor of its bulletins, which positions he
held uninterruptedly to the present time.
Such a busy life has left no time for polit
ical work. While at coUege he was active in
fraternity life, and was elected on graduation
to the Phi Beta Kappa. He is a member of
the Araerican Association for Advanceraent
of Science, and was raade a fellow of
that association in 1883, and also of the
Geological Society of Araerica, of which he
is one of the charter raerabers.
Dean HaU's first wife was Ellen A., daugh
ter of Hon. Mark H. and Sarah B. DunneU
of Owatonna, Minn., whom he married July
27, 1875, and lost while in Leipzig, Gerraany,
on the 2ist of February, 1876. He married
again, Dec. 26, 1883, Mrs. Sophia L. Haight,
daughter of Eli and Sophia Seely of Osh-
kosh, Wis. Mrs. HaU died July 12, 1891,
leaving an infant daughter : Sophia.
HATCH, EGBERT Benson, of Salinas
City, Cab, son of Charles P. and Lydia M.
(Taylor) Hatch, was born in East Hard
wick, Feb. 8, 1 83 1.
The Hatch faraily is one of the oldest in
the state of Verraont. The great-grand
father of the subject of this subject married
Sarah Richards and moved from Preston,
Ct., to Norwich, in 1768; being a surveyor
he made the first survey of that town. He
raised a large faraily. The youngest son,
John, Jr., was the grandfather of the subject
of this sketch, and with his wife, Waity Ens-

worth, raoved to Hardwick in 1809. Feb
ruary, 20, 1815 he was commissioned ist
Lieut, in the 31st Regt. of the Inft., and the
commission is in the possession of the sub
ject of this sketch and bears the signatures
of President James Madison and Secretary
of War James Monroe.
Mr. Hatch prepared himself for the minis
try, and his early education was received at
the academies of WiUiston and Johnson, and
in the Acaderaical and Theological Institu
tion at Fairfax, Vt., while dependent upon
his own resources, teaching school winters
and working suramers in the hayfield, to
provide raeans which the raoderate circura
stances of his parents compeUed them to
deny him.

EGBERT BENSON HATCH.

Mr. Hatch was ordained to the ministry,
in the Baptist denomination, Jan. 3, 1856, at
Lowell, and his whole life has been devoted
to his chosen profession. During these
years of faithful work he has had pastorates
in Clinton, Wis,, Marcellus, N. Y., Reno,
Nev., Y'allejo and Salinas City, Cab, having
been pastor at the latter place for nine years.
His raanner of preaching with the greatest
fiuency without the use of raanuscript has
always been very attractive to his hearers.
He left Vermont in 1857 going thence to
Wisconsin and from there to New York state
in 1865, taking up his present residence in
Cahfornia in 1870. Mr. Hatch has always
been honored by his denomination. In 1892

8o

HAWLEY.

HAYWARD.

he preached the anniversary sermon before
the California Baptist State Convention at
Santa Cruz.
Among the social organizations, the Good
Teraplars have no raore active faithful worker
than Mr. Hatch. The Ancient Order of
United Workraen is another body in which
he has done much good work.
Mr. Hatch was raarried in Johnson, to
Laura W. Butterfield, whose parents were old
settlers of the town of Lowell, having raoved
there when there were only seven faraUies in
the township. Mrs. Hatch died in Septera
ber, 1884, at San Francisco, leaving two
daughters : Mrs. L. H. Cooke of San Fran
cisco, and Mrs. A. F. Bellene of Salinas.
HAWLEY, David, of Yonkers, N. Y.,
son of David and Bethiah (Buck) Hawley,
was born at Ariington, April 14, 1820.

'¦^-

DAVID HAWLEY.

He reraained on his father's farra attend
ing the district school, until nearly twenty
years of age. He then commenced his prepa
ration for coUege at Burr Seminary, Man
chester, and after about eighteen raonths
study, entered Yale College in 1841. Atthe
end of the freshraan year, sickness corapelled
hira to leave coUege, and he spent a year
reading law with Harraon Canfield, Esq., in
his native town. He returned to New Haven
again the following suramer, joining the
sophomore class of 1846, and graduated with
that class. He was an editor of the Yale
Literary Magazine, and a meraber of the Psi

Upsilon and the Skull and Bones societies.
In the spring before his graduation he com
raenced the study of law in the office of
Orsaraus Bushnell, Esq., in New York City,
and was adraitted to the bar in 1848. In
May, 1850, he forraed a partnership in New
York with John H. Glover, a classmate at
Yale. This partnership continued about
twelve years, the firra doing a successful busi
ness and having charge of some important
trust estates. After the dissolution of the
firm of Hawley & Glover, Mr. Hawley con
tinued the practice of law, and having become
counsel for Isaac M. Singer, the sewing ma
chine inventor, went to Paris, in 1870, at his
request, to draw his wiU. In 1873 he relin
quished the general practice of law to take ¦
charge of Mr. Singer's large business inter
ests in this country, representing him as a
director in the Singer Manufacturing Co.
After Mr. Singer's death in 1875, Mr. Hawley
as sole surviving executor of his wiU in this
country, administered on his estate, and
though raany complications arose therein, he
successfully arranged them all, and had the
estate settied and ready for distribution in
the shortest time allowed by law for that pur
pose. He was testamentary guardian and
trustee of the rainor children and devoted a
large share of his tirae to the management of
their estates, and when released from that
trust as they attained their majority he retired
from active business.
In politics he is a Democrat, but has
always decUned pubUc office, except the
positions of water" coraraissioner and school
trustee in the city where he resides.
In August, 185 1, Mr. Hawley raarried Miss
Maria Louisa Whiteside of Cambridge, N.
Y., who died in i860. In October, 1861,
he married Miss Catharine Ann, daughter of
Sarauel and Maria Crosby Brown of New
York. He has two children living : Cath
erine S., and Samuel Brown.
He has raade his horae at Yonkers on the
Hudson siqce 1863.
HAYWARD, LEWIS A., of San Fran
cisco, Cab, son of Lewis and Margaret
(Sraith) Hayward, was born in Dalton, N.
H., Sept. 22, 1847, but claims to be a son of
Vermont, because his parents raoved with
him to St. Johnsbury before he was a month
old, and aU his love centers in the Green
Mountain state.
He received his education in the common
schools of Verraont, having attended school
in St. Johnsbury, St. Albans and Bristol and
at intervals worked on his father's farra dur
ing the years of his minority, and continued
farming in partnership with his father in
Kirby until he was thirty years of age.
Mr. Hayward removed to San Francisco
in March, 1877, where he engaged in the

HAZELTINE.

milk business, which he has followed to the
present tirae. He became the junior partner
of the firm of J. A. Roy & Co. in 1884. He
is now one of the merabers and directors of
the firra known as the Guadaloupe Dairy
Co., a stock corapany forraed and incorpor
ated in 1889, and holds the office of treasurer
and is also manager of the city department
of their extensive business.

LEWIS A. HAYWARD.
He became a Free Mason in 1876, having
joined Moose River Lodge, F. & A. M., No.
82, in West Concord, and is stiU a member
of the sarae lodge in good standing. He is
also a raeraber of the Pacific Coast Associa
tion Native Sons of Verraont.
Mr. Hayward was raarried in San Fran
cisco July 19, 1882, to Margaret S. Hender
son, daughter of John and Jean (Knowles)
Henderson. HAZELTINE, iRA S., was born in An
dover July 13, 182 I ; reraoved to Wisconsin
at an early age; studied law and lectured
for ten years upon scientific and reformatory
subjects ; in 185 1 laid out the town of Rich
mond Centre, now county seat of Richland
county ; received a colonel's commission in
1852 at the hands of Governor FarweU;
was a delegate to the first Repubhcan state
convention in 1854 ; meraber of the Wiscon
sin Legislature in 1867, and estabhshed a
newspaper called the Live Repubhcan at
Richraond Centre; in 1868 reraoved to
Springfield, Mo., and engaged in farraing;
was district lecturer of the grange several

years ; was raember of state grange execu
tive coraraittee ; was delegate to the first
Greenback state convention in 1876 ; was
elected to the Forty-seventh Congress as a
National Greenback Labor candidate. He
still resides at Springfield.
HAZEN, Arthur Herbert, of Sioux
City, Iowa, son of Addison and Jane (Hyde)
Hazen, was born at North Hero, March 9,
1855- Mr. Hazen was educated at the Vermont
Methodist Serainary at Montpelier, and the
Barre Acaderay, entering the University of
Vermont in 1876, and prepared himself for
the practice of the law at Montpelier. At
Fargo, North Dakota, he organized the law
firra of Hazen & Cleraent and was its senior
raeraber frora 1881 to 1885. Mr. Hazen's
business has been largely in banking as well

ARTHUR HERBERT HAZEN.

as in the law, and he has held high positions
of trust in successful Western institutions.
Frora 1883 to 1885 he was the treasurer of
the Northwestern Trust Co., of Fargo, and
from the time of the original organization
of the Farmers Trust Co., of Sioux City,
Iowa, he was its vice-president and Western
raanager which position he now holds. He
is also president of the Red River Valley
Banking Co., which has its office at Fargo,
and a director of the Moorhead National
Bank, of Moorhead, Minn. Mr. Hazen re
sided in Fargo from 1879 to 1889, and
whUe there received pohtical honors as a

82

HIBBARD.

member of the board of aldermen for three
years. In 1889 he reraoved to Sioux City,
Iowa. Mr. Hazen was raarried at Fargo, October,
1880, to Ida A., daughter of WUlard and
Sophronia S. Marsh, of Plainfield, and has
one child ; Ray M.
HIBBARD, GEORGE LOVICTOR, of
Portland, Ore., son of Joel Tyler and Lucy
Elnette (Cleveland) Hibbard, was born in
Troy, July 18, 1835.
He received his early education in the dis
trict schools of his native village until the
age of sixteen years. In 1851 or 1852 he
went to Boston, Mass., where he learned the

GEORGE LOVICTOR HIBBARD.
trade of carpenter, joiner, and ship-builder.
This accomphshed, he became a contractor
in the city of Boston for about a year. When
the vast western country, with her great pos
sibilities, was opened to the world the spirit
of research possessed him, and in June,
1857, he turned westward, spending about
three months in prospecting. Satisfied that
he did not like weU enough to make this new
country his home, he returned to Wellsville,
N. v., and became interested in building
until the spring of 1859.
The Pacific coast at this tirae allured hira
to her shores, so erabarking in an AspinwaU
stearaer, he sailed for San Francisco via the
Isthraus of Panaraa, and after a long and
terapestuous voyage, cast anchor in San
Francisco Bay. Mr. Hibbard spent a raonth
or more among friends in San Francisco, and

set sail for Portland, Ore. The upper Cob
umbia proraised good results in the building
business, consequently he engaged in the
lumber trade, with sash and door manufact
ory at The Dalles, Ore., during the years
i860 and 1861.
In January, 1862, he sold out, and taking
a stock of raerchandise went to the Florence
gold raines in Idaho, sold out, prospected
awhile then returned to The Dalles in the
auturan of the sarae year ; bought out the
hotel "What Cheer House," ran it four
raonths and sold out. He becarae again in
terested in building enterprises untU the
spring of 1863, when, with Mr. Lurchin, he
founded and built up the town of UraatiUa
on the Columbia River in UraatiUa county,
Oregon. He sold out in 1863, took a stock
of goods to Bannock City, Idaho, engaged
in raerchandise a year, sold out and in Jan
uary, 1865, settled permanently in Portland,
Ore. In 1866 he went into the produce, gro
ceries, and general comraission business
until 1872, when in the great fire of that
year he lost everything, and was in debt to
the extent of §15,000, which he afterwards
paid in full with interest. In 1873 he
started in the wholesale produce commission
business, also consignments of boots and
shoes frora his brother, C. A. Hibbard of
Burlington, and C. M. Hibbard of Newport,
now deceased. In 1877 J. W. Brazee be
carae his partner as raanufacturers, import
ers, and wholesale dealers in boots and
shoes, the firm name being G. L. Hibbard
& Co., untU Feb. 14, 1885, when he sold out
to Mr. Brazee. The following month he
went to Boston, bought a stock of goods in
conjunction with his brother, C. J. of New
port Vt., returned in eight weeks and en
tered into the importing of boots and shoes,
the firra name being Hibbard Brothers.
After a run of two or three years, he as
sumed the entire business and still continues
in the importing, wholesale and retail, of
boots and shoes.
Mr. Hibbard is a "pioneer" in its strict
est sense, having seen Portland grow from
an infant village to the full grown, prosperous
city of to-day ; and by his untiring zeal in
every honorable enterprise has contributed
in no smaU degree to the upbuilding of the
raetropolis of Oregon.
Mr. Hibbard, in 1874, was one of the
original charter merabers of the Portland
Board of Trade which was subsequently sub-
raerged into the chamber of corameree, in
which he has continuously been a member
and stockholder, being at present (1894) a
meraber of the raanufacturers coramittee.
Mr. Hibbard has been raany times called
upon to accept public positions, but being
of rather a retiring disposition he has as often
declined overtures.

HOARD.

83

In 1892 he built the Treraont House, one
of the most elegant, complete, and commo
dious hotel properties on the coast.
Mr. Hibbard was raarried, Sept. 17, 1867,
to Josephine, daughter of Hon. Joseph and
Sarah (Hurford) Jeffers. She died May 30,
1878, and he raarried Carrie Jeffers Harned,
sister of his first wife. Of the first union
there were three sons and one daughter, two
of whora are living ; and of the latter union
four sons, all living.
HIBBARD, Harry, was born in Verraont;
graduated at Dartraouth College in 1835 ;
was assistant clerk of the House of Repre
sentatives for New Harapshire in 1839 ; clerk
of the sarae from 1840 to 1843 '> speaker of
the House in 1844 and 1845 ; in the state
Senate from 1846 to 1849; officiating two
years as president ; and was a representative
in Congress frora New Harapshire frora 1849
to 1855.
HIGLEY, Edwin Hall, of Groton,
Mass., son of Rev. Harvey O. and Sarah
(Little) Higley, was born in Castleton, Feb.
15, 1843.
He received his preparatory education at
Castleton Seminary, and then entered Mid
dlebury College, where he graduated in the
class of 1868. For the next four years he
studied music and philology in Boston and
Cambridge, and from 1882 to 1884 at the
Royal Conservatory of Leipsic, in Germany.
Though scarcely emerged from boyhood,
he was inspired with the enthusiasm attend
ing the early outbreak of the war for the
Union, and in 1861 he enlisted in Co. K,
ist Vt. Cavalry. During his service he was
detailed as adjutant and as regimental com
missary and in the latter part of 1863 acted
as brigade ordnance officer on the staff of
Gen. G. A. Custer. During Kilpatrick's
raid he commanded a section of Battery C,
3d U. S. Artillery and had the satisfaction of
shelhng the- rebel capitol. He was wounded
and taken prisoner June 29, 1864, after hav
ing participated in most of the cavalry en
gagements of the Army of the Potomac in
the campaigns of Pope, second Bull Run,
Gettysburg and the Wilderness. Exchanged
March i, 1865, he was coraraissioned captain
of Co. K, and soon after brevet major for
gaUant and meritorious service during the war.
From 1868 to 1872 Major Higley taught
music in Boston, Mass., and then accepted a
professorship of German and Greek in Mid
dlebury CoUege, where he remained ten years.
After his return from Europe, he was teacher
of music and organist in Worcester, Mass.
In 1886 he came tp Groton School as Greek
and German instructor and as choir master
and organist, which position he holds up to
the present tirae.

He raarried, June 2, 1870, in Middlebury,
Jane S., daughter of Oliver and Jane (Shep
ard) Turner. They have one daughter :
Margaret E.
HOARD, Charles B., was born in
Springfield June 28, 1805 ; he was a raechanic
and for several years in early hfe a clerk in
a private land office at Antwerp, N. Y. He
was postraaster under Presidents Jackson
and "Van Buren ; justice of the peace for sev
eral years ; a meraber of the Legislature of
New York in 1838, and county clerk of Jef
ferson county, N. Y., in 1844, '45 and '46 ;
was elected a representative to the Thirty-
fifth Congress and was re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress.
HOLABIRD, William Hyman, of Oak
land, Cal, son of Oscar F. and Adeha A.
(Pierson) Holabird, was born in Shelburne,
Sept. 29, 1845.
Mr. Holabird availed hiraself of the educa
tional advantages afforded by the schools of
Shelburne and the acaderay at WiUiston, and
at the age of fifteen went to Missouri. His
first occupation was as a newsboy on the Han
nibal & St. Jo R. R.
At the breaking out of the war he returned
to Verraont and enlisted in Co. C, 12th Vt.
Vols, and served out his terra. He entered
the navy as first-class fireraan on the U. S. S.
Monadnock in Septeraber, 1864. In Decera
ber of that year he was proraoted to acting
assistant payraaster. He was in the great
naval engageraent at Fort Fisher and resigned
frora the service in 1865 and went to Indiana.
Later he went to Chicago, and was for a tirae
in the eraploy of MarshaU Field & Co., and
J. V. FarweU.
Mr. Holabird began his railroad work in
1876, with the Penn. & Grand Rapids &
Indiana Co., as general traveUing agent. In
1880 he went with the Atchison, Topeka &
Sante Fe R. R., as special agent and for the
past three years has been confidential agent
of President Manvel of that systera. During
his connection with the Atchison systera he
has perforraed rauch important work in rela
tion to the company's lands and the location
of new railroad lines.
In poUtics Mr. Holabird has been an act
ive Repubhcan and while not aspiring to pre
ferraent has generally represented his party
as delegate to local conventions. He has
also been prorainent in various temperance
organizations and Masonic bodies, including
aU orders of the Teraple.
He married, June 9, 1870, Phebe J., daugh
ter of RusseU and Emeline (James) Dorr, of
Middlebury, whose father is a descendant of
the Puritans. They have three children :
RusseU D., Erama A., and Harrison G.

HOLMES.

HOPKINS.

HOLMES, ELIAS B., was born in Fletch
er, May 27, 1807. He coraraenced life as a
teacher, and at the age of twenty emigrated
to Munroe county, N. Y., where he studied
law and was adraitted to practice ; in Con
gress frora New York, frora 1845 to 1849.
HOPKINS, Caspar Thomas, late of
San Francisco, Cab, was the third son of the
Right Reverend John H. Hopkins, first
bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church
in Vermont, and of Melusina MuUer, his
wife, was born at Allegany Town, Penn.,
May 18, 1826. His father was a native of
Dubhn, Ireland, and arrived in the United
States at the age of eight years. His mother
was born in Gerraany. Her father, once a
wealthy shipping raerchant, having been im
poverished by the Napoleonic wars, erai
grated to the United States in 181 2, when
his daughter was thirteen years old, and
settled at Zelienople, Penn. In 1832 the
father of the subject of this sketch, having
been elected Bishop of Verraont, took up his
residence in the beautiful town of Burling
ton, and there his faraily of thirteen children
were educated.
Bishop Hopkins wiU long be remembered
in Vermont for his indoraitable energy and
industry, his varied talents, his peerless ex
pression of his often peculiar opinions, his
unselfish and selfisacrificing devotion to
duty, and his powerful will. In no respect
were his opinions more peculiar than on the
subject of education, and aU his children
were necessarily deeply irapressed by those
peculiarities. They were never sent to any
public school until the boys were old enough
to enter college, but the good bishop opened
a school of his own, erabarking his entire
property and all he could borrow in the
erection of the old Verraont Episcopal Insti
tute, which was located just south of the then
village of Burlington, and a part only of
whose buildings now reraain. In this school
there were no vacations, no plays, no relax
ation frora alternate study, work, and church
attendance, except on Saturday afternoon.
Severe discipline, and frequent punishraent
with the rod or black strap were the only
induceraents to effort — eraulation, rewards,
and even raarks being strictly excluded.
The teachers were nearly all theological
students, the great object of the school being
to train up clergymen for the church. For
several years it was weU attended, but the
hard times of i838-'39 caused the with
drawal of so many of the pupils that the
school closed its doors, and bankruptcy
resulted. Caspar was then fourteen years old and
had been fitted to enter college two years
previously, besides receiving a good ele
raentary training in rausic and French. But

it was now necessary for the boys to go to-
work. A farm of one hundred acres of rocky
land, now known as Rock Point, and the
site of the present Verraont Episcopal In
stitute and Bishop Hopkins HaU was bought
for the bishop by an old Pennsylvania friend.
Here the boys went to work, learning by
daily practice, under the constant lash of
the severest poverty, aU those varied prac
tical lessons which have proved New Eng
land farra life the best of preparations for
success in after years. Four years of farm
ing, wood chopping, raechanical work, quar
rying, building, and boating, while the even
ings were devoted to soUd reading (no
novels being allowed in the house) and Sun
days to church and sacred rausic, laid broad
and deep the foundations of a hard-working,
industrious and energetic character. The
education thus begun was corapleted by the
full four years' course in the University of Ver
mont, during which Caspar supported himself
by playing a church organ Sundays, tuning
pianos, and lecturing. He was graduated
second in the class of 1847, without having
cost his father a doUar, and entirely free
from debt ; the ;?50o he expended for board,
clothing and college biUs during the four
years having been earned by himself.
In the month of Deceraber, 1848, the
California fever broke out, and he was one
of the first Vermont boys to catch the in
fection. On New Year's raorning, 1849, he
left horae for New York with $5 in- his
pocket, and found hiraself June 10, 1849, in
San Francisco without a dollar, ragged, badly
afflicted with land scurvy, and ^600 in debt.
He carae by the Mexican route as a member
of the United Pacific Gold Co., of which he
was elected captain while at the City of
Mexico. His first three years in California
were marked by the sarae risks, adventures,
sudden changes of fortune, hardships, and
romantic but unprofitable experience com
raon to the great raajority of the "Argonauts."'
In 1850, in connection with Herraan Win
chester and H. J. Paine, he organized the
faraous "Samuel Roberts Expedition," which
first explored the Rogue and Umpqua rivers
in Southern Oregon. Hopkins' widely pub
lished description of that region caused its
first settleraent by Americans.
In December, 185 1, he secured a position
in the custora house which he held three
years. Through favorable influences and
thrifty habits he was enabled at the end of
this tirae to return to New York, with the
view of raising capital there to undertake fire
and marine insurance in San Francisco.
Finding it impossible however to get the
necessary money he attempted to secure
agencies of American companies to compete
with the few Enghsh concerns, then doing
business in California, which had formed a

'•"'"/iitiitii

m

W

CC(J .

HOPKINS.

HOPKINS.

close monopoly. New York companies had
not then learned the principles of scattering
their business through distant agencies, how
ever, and he returned to accept employraent
at Sacramento, with a sub-agent of an Eng
lish company. After two years of remarkable
success he returned to San Francisco and ac
quired a third interest in the insurance firra
of McLean & Fowler, who had represented
some old Hartford corapanies with indifferent
success. Mr. Hopkins developed their busi
ness at once to large proportions. Finding
a great opportunity to establish a raarine in
surance business he withdrew frora the firra,
and consuraraated his favorite plan by organ
izing the California Mutual Marine Insurance
Co., in February, 1861, with a capital of
$200,000, of which he was secretary. Suc
cess carae frora the start, and in 1864 the re
incorporation as the California Insurance Co.,
adding fire business to its risks, took place.
In 1866 Mr. Hopkins became the president
of the company, retaining this business until
his retireraent from active business life in
1885. He was now in a position where his
natural energies and varied education were
directly brought to bear not only upon the
interests of his company, but on those of
Pacific coast underwriting generally.
His good judgment brought large profits
to his stockholders, and his persistent refusal
of Eastern business doubtless saved an im
mense loss in the confiagrations of Chicago
and Boston in 1 871, which ruined so many
companies. Mr. Hopkins was a moving
spirit in the organization, in 1864, of the
Board of Marine Underwriters, and wrote
the "iron-clad" constitution of the Board of
Fire Underwriters.
In 1868 and 1869 he was secretary of the
charaber of coraraerce and worked out its
reorganization on the present basis. His
efforts were instrumental in securing light
houses and signals on the Pacific coast. He
advocated and drafted the law creating the
office of insurance commissioner in 1866,
and for many years he worked unceasingly
to establish the insurance business of the
Pacific coast on a firm basis. He promoted
the Merchants and Ship Owners Steara Tug
Co., which destroyed the towage raonopoly.
He wrote the pamphlet entitied "Sugges
tions to Masters of Vessels in Distress "
which was reprinted by the Australian un
derwriters, and by Lloyds coraraittee in Lon
don. Mr. Hopkins found time for numer
ous tasks in the broader field of general
good, and wrote in 1871 a "Manual of
American Ideas." He was also the presi
dent of the California Immigrant Union in
1870 and 1871, the precursor of the efficient
Imraigration Society. He proraoted and
was president of the Pacific Social Science
Association. He was a prorainent member

of the famous coraraittee of one hundred
which undertook to curb the power of the
Southern Pacific R. R. He was a valued
contributor to local periodicals on serious
subjects. Throughout his life in California
he was an ardent raember and worker for
the Unitarian Church, and helped to organ
ize and establish the now flourishing church
of that denomination in Oakland. He raised
§20,000 for this church, and his personal
influence secured also a fine organ for it,
which he played gratuitously for five years.
The above is but a faint outline of Mr.
Hopkins' labors for pubhc good and far from
coraplete. His disposition was to be useful
without other raotive than to be a power for
good in the coraraunity where he lived. He
never pointed out evU except for the sake of
abating it. On his retirement from business
and from San Francisco to Pasadena in July,
1885, both branches of the insurance pro
fession tendered him a handsome acknowb
edgement of his great services, at a com
plimentary luncheon, and presented him
with an elegant service of plate. At Pasa
dena he soon recuperated his waning
strength and became actively engaged in
building operations and the culture of fruits
and in town matters. He contributed large
numbers of volumes to the Library Asso
ciation, as well as a large amount of money
for its building.
Mr. Hopkins married, in 1853, Almira
Burnett, daughter of Daniel Burnett, a New
York capitalist. Mrs. Hopkins died in 1875,
leaving six children. In 1877 Mr. Hopkins
married Mrs. Jane E. Taylor, of Glaston
bury, Conn.
He was indebted for his success to his
own native abilities, assiduous self culture,
indomitable persistence and commendable
self-reliance. He knew how and when to say "No."
In early life he made his choice between
popularity and usefulness, and armed and
equipped with innate honesty and integrity he
fought for his principles with good courage.
It was this characteristic above all others
which made him a marked man in a com
munity where wealth was God — and where
the pubihc did not question methods, so
long as wealth was attained. Mr. Hopkins
died at Pasadena, Cab, Oct. 4, 1893. Mrs.
Hopkins, three daughters and a son survive
him. HOPKINS, GEORGE Wesley, of San
Francisco, Cab, son of Enos Daniel and
Sally Knight (Titus) Hopkins, was born in
Bethel, Oct 18, 1852.
He was educated in the common schools
of his native town and the St. Johnsbury
Acaderay. At the age of eighteen he be
carae bookkeeper for E. & T. Fairbanks &

HOPKINS.

HORR.

87

Co., which position he held four years. He
then engaged as bookkeeper in the Frst
National Bank at St. Johnsbury, remaining
there one year. In 1875 he raoved to Cali
fornia and for two years was an accountant
in the general office of the Southern Pacific
R. R. Co. Subsequently mercantile and fire
insurance business occupied his attention
untU 1883, when his health faUed and he
was compeUed to leave San Francisco. Mov
ing to Los Gatos, he engaged in fruit grow
ing, and after two years regained his health.
He then returned to San Francisco to take
charge of the wholesale produce and cora-

GEORGE WESLEY HOPKINS.

mission business of Getz Brothers & Co.,
occupying this position for two years. He
next forraed a partnership with Nathan C.
Carnall in the real estate business, known as
the CarnaU-Hopkins Company, a corpora
tion of which Mr. Hopkins was vice-presi
dent He has been instruraental in eff'ecting
¦sorae of the most important transfers in both
city and country real estate known in the
history of California. Early in 1894 Mr.
Hopkins withdrew from this firm and has
since engaged in the same line of business
without partners.
In December, 1878, he conceived the idea
¦of forming a society of the sons of his native
state, and with that end in view, inserted
notices in the daUy papers inviting native
Vermonters to raeet at the Palace Hotel.
This movement resulted in tbe organization,
Jan 6 1879, of the "Pacific Coast Associa

tion, Native Sons of Vermont," which is
to-day one of the most flourishing social
societies on the Pacific coast. Mr. Hopkins
was the first secretary of this association,
and held that office until he left the city, on
account of illness, in 1883. He is now one
of its vice-presidents. Much of the success
of this association during its early history
was due to the indefatigable exertions and
good manageraent of Mr. Hopkins.
October 18, 1877, Mr. Hopkins was mar
ried to Miss Francisea Amelia Schafer,
daughter of John F. and Annie M. Schafer.
They have had four children : Lillian Vida,
Florence Pearl, George Wesley, Jr., and
Annie Francisea (deceased).
HORR, Roswell G., of East Saginaw,
Mich., was born at Waitsfield, Nov. 26,
1830 ; reraoved with his parents, when four
years of age, to Lorain county, O., where he
passed his early years ; graduated at Antioch
College, the fall after his graduation was
elected clerk of the court of coraraon pleas
of Lorain county, and was re-elected in
i860 ; at the close of his six years' clerkship
he was adraitted to the bar, and practiced
law two years at Elyria, O. ; in the spring of
1866 reraoved to Southeastern Missouri,
where he was engaged in raining for six
years; reraoved in the spring of 1872 to
East Saginavf, Mich., where he now resides ;
is at present a lumberraan and has been
engaged in that business a large portion of
his tirae since his residence in Michigan ;
was elected to the P'orty-sixth Congress as a
Republican and received other elections to
Congress. HORTON, Valentine B., was born at
Windsor, Jan. 29, 1802 ; was educated at
Partridge's Military Acaderay, and after that
institution was reraoved to Middletown,
Conn., he became a teacher therein. He
studied law at Middletown, and was adraitted
to the bar in 1830, after which he rerpoved
to and practiced his profession in Pittsburg.
He removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1833,
where he followed his profession for two
years, and in 1835 removed to Pomeroy,
Ohio. He was a raember of the Ohio Con
stitutional Convention of 1850, and in 1854
he was elected a representative to the Thirty-
fourth Congress, and was re-elected to the
Thirty-fifth and Thirty-seventh Congresses.
In 1 86 1 he was a raember of the peace con
gress held in Washington.
HOSFORD, Jedediah, was born in
Vermont, and having reraoved to New York,
was elected a Representative in Congress
frora tbat state frora 185 1 to 1853.
HOUGHTON, Henry Oscar, of Cam
bridge, Mass., son of WUliam and Marilla

HOUGHTON.

HOWARD.

(Clay) Houghton, was born at Sutton,
April 30, 1823.
At the age of thirteen he became an ap
prentice in the office of the Burhngton Free
Press, and laid the foundation of his future
career as the head of Araerica's greatest
publishing house, the Riverside Press, of
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. His brother at
this tirae (1836) was in coUege at Burling
ton, and, listening to his advice, he deter
rained to acquire a thorough education. At
the age of nineteen he entered the Univer
sity of Vermont, possessed only of a sub
stantial preparation and dauntless resolu
tion. Graduating after four years, he spent
some time in proof-reading and reporting
on the Evening Traveler of Boston, before
he discovered his life work as a master
printer. In 1849 he joined Mr. BoUes in
establishing a printing office in Carabridge,
Mass. The business was soon removed to
the present site of the Riverside Press, on
the banks of the Charles river, and from

HENRY OSCAR HOUGHTON.

the first Mr. Houghton was its controUing
spirit. The business continued an uninter
rupted career of success, characterized by
the publication of works that satisfied artis
tic feeling as well as literary sense, and be
carae by various alliances possessed of valu
able plates and the literary accumulations
and franchises of a half a century, collected
by leading firras. .Among these treasures
were privileges covering the works of an un
equalled galaxy of the "fixed stars" of
American literature.

A record of the publications of the River
side Press will show a greater proportion of
the works which raake up the best literature
of America, than can be found in the publi
cations of other publishers.
" Do it well or not at all," has long been
the motto of Mr. Houghton, and that sentb
raent is built into the very corner stone of
the Riverside Press. It is hard to exaggerate
the influence for good which this establish
ment has exerted upon the world of letters
and consequently upon tbe world of men.
A high purpose, foUowed through a series of
years, does not fail to accoraplish high re
sults. Mr. Houghton's social life, frora the fact
that by necessity he is thrown into con
fidential relations with raany of the bright
est raen and woraen of the era, is most
charming. He was president of the Boston Vermont
Association for eight years.
Mr. Houghton was married, Sept. 12,
1854. His children are : Henry Oscar, Jr.,
Elizabeth Honis, Alberta Manning, and
Justine Frances.
HOWARD, Charles Webb, was born
in Cabot, Jan. 23, 1831. His father, The
ron Howard, was a lawyer of good repute
and for some time district attorney. His
raother was Calista Webster.
Mr. Howard had the usual experience of
a New England boy of that period, who be
longed to an inteUigent, weU-to-do family,
good opportunities at school, high school
and acaderay, with genial care and sym
pathy at horae. His early inclination to af
fairs and business was manUest. Before he
was of age he had a more than coramon ex
perience of clerkship, partnership and man
agement, and in 1852 he was in Galveston,
Texas, for the repair of broken health, hav
ing given up business. Health restored, the
spirit of enterprise awakened, CaUfornia
offered a brilUant field. On the 2 2d of
January, 1853, he sailed frora New Orleans
for San Francisco via Grey-Town, the San
Juan River and San Juan, Nicaragua. On
the western coast he was washed ashore
from a burning ship, in which catastrophe
more than two hundred lives were lost.
After tedious delays and hardships he ar
rived in San Francisco on the ist of April,
1853. Circumstances brought hira into intimate
relations with the late Oscar L. Shafter, a
native of Verraont, and judge of the Supreme
Court of California. He married Judge
Shaffer's eldest daughter, Emma, in 1862.
The Shaffers (the Judge and his brother,
James McM. Shafter) owned the Point Reyes
ranch, a doraain of about 70,000 acres, in
Marin county, Cal. Mr. Howard's rela-

90

HOWARD

HOWE.

tions with Judge Shafter quickened his raind
and kindled his arabition, and in 1865 he re
tired frora trade and becarae part owner and
raanager of the ranch. His administration
of that property involved many interests
public and private, frora leasing lands to the
building of railroads. It was a field for or
ganizing and executive ability. During this
period Mr. Howard traveled in Europe/ On
his return in 1874, he was associated with
the purchase and management of the Spring
VaUey water works, which supplies the city
of San Francisco. Upon the transfer of this
property tothe new owners in January, 1874,
he was elected president of the corporation
and has held that office continuously since.
The adrainistration of its affairs and property,
valued at ^25, 000,000, requires accurate
knowledge, a faculty for general oversight,
careful deliberation, quick decision, patience,
firmness and courtesy. Mr. Howard, by
natural endowment and experience, unites
these quahties in an unusual degree.
More than is coraraon araong men of busi
ness, he retains that flexibihty and teachable
ness, that can receive suggestions, modify
opinions and carry acquired knowledge and
experience into new circurastances without
that rigidity of raind that in so raany men
becomes a conceit of knowing and cannot be
taught. The public and private relations of the
corporation of which he is president are con
tinuously increasing, affording a school of
wisdora, discretion and honor, and a theatre
for their display. In the first Mr. Howard
has been an apt learner, and upon the last
a successful actor.
Mr. Howard was united in raarriage, Jan
uary, 1862, to Emma, daughter of Judge
Oscar L. and Sarah R. Shafter. Their
chUdren are : Oscar Shafter, Theron, Maud,
Charles Webb, Jr., Frederick Paxson, and
Harold Shafter.
HOWARD, Jacob M., was born in
Shaftsbury, July 10, 1805 ; was educated at
the academies at Bennington and Brattle
boro, and at Williams CoUege where he
graduated in 1830 ; studied law, and taught
in an academy in Massachusetts for a time ;
removed to Michigan in 1832, and carae to
the bar of that territory in 1833; in 1838
he was a meraber of the Legislature of that
state ; frora 1841 to 1843 he wasa represen
tative in Congress frora Michigan; in 1854
he was elected attorney-general of the state,
twice re-elected and serving in all six years ;
and in 1862 he was elected a senator in
Congress ; was re-elected a senator in Con
gress for the terra coraraencing in 1865.
HOWARD, William A., was born in
Verraont, and having taken up his residence

in Michigan, was elected a representative
frora that state, to the Thirty-fourth and
Thirty-fifth Congresses. Having contested
the seat of G. B. Cooper in i860, he became
a meraber of the Thirty-sixth Congress. In
1 86 1 he was appointed by President Lincoln
postmaster at Detroit.
HOWE, Charles M., of Mellette, So.
Dak., son of Benjamin C. and Sabra (Wash
burn) Howe, was born August 4, 1828, at
Woodstock. His education was received in the common
schools. His parents died when he was
about sixteen, and he was thrown upon his
own resources. In 1846 he left Verraont
and passed two years in Massachusetts. In
1 848 he went to sea, and for five years raade
several voyages in the Atlantic and Indian
Oceans, and in the Arctic upon whaling
ships. He left the sea in 1855 and went west,
locating in Rock county, Wis., where he en
gaged in farraing for a few years. He then
engaged in trade at Fulton, Wis., and from
there went to Stoughton in 1863. He again
sold out in 1876, and went into business at
Mazo Manie, Wis., as a general trader. In
1881 he went to Dakota, then a territory,
becoraing one of the first settlers in what
was afterward the town of Mellette. Here
he opened up a general store and lumber
yard, and has accumulated a large property,
including a farm of four thousand acres, upon
which last year's wheat crop amounted to
thirty-five thousand bushels. At the present
tirae his business is that of a farraer and
grain dealer. He also owns an elevator of
large capacity and a coal yard. Mr. Howe
has become a leading citizen, though not a
politician. He is a Deraocrat, and has held
the office of chairman of the board of sup
ervisors since the organization of the town
in 1884.
In social organizations Mr. Howe is prom
inent. He was the treasurer of the I. 0. 0.
F. until elected N. G., and is a Past Grand.
He is also a meraber of the A. O. U. W.,
and is a Past Master of Unity Lodge No. 2 2
of Wisconsin jurisdiction. He is also a
raember of the Daughters of Rebecca.
In charitable work Mr. Howe is a leading
worker, and was appointed a raeraber of the
Board of Charities and Correction upon its
organization, and in 189 1 was elected its
president. This raost iraportant position he
stiU holds, the board having charge of the
hospital for insane at Yankton, the penUen-
tiary at Sioux FaUs, the reforra school at
Plankinton, and the school for deaf mutes at
Sioux Falls.
Mr. Howe was married in Cabot, Feb. 5,
1855, to Mary J. Bickford, and has bad two
chUdren, but one of whom is now living.

HOWE.
HOWE, Thomas M., was born in Ver
mont, and, having settied in Pennsylvania,
was elected a representative in Congress
from 1851 to 1855.
HUNT, Richard Morris, of New
York City, was born in Brattieboro in 1828,
the son of Hon. Jonathan Hunt, M. C, and
Jane Maria Leavitt. After his father's
death his mother moved to New Haven and
his education was commenced at French's
School and was continued at the Boston
high school and latin school. In 1843 he

HUNT.

91

RICHARD MORRIS HUNT.

went to Europe with his faraily and en
tered a school at Geneva, comraencing the
study of architecture with Alphonse Darier.
Frora there he went to Paris and studied
under Hector Lefuel, entering the Ecole des
Beaux Arts in 1845 and remaining until
1855, with intervals of travel over Europe,
Egypt and Asia Minor. In 1854 and 1855
he had an appointment frora the French
governraent as Inspecteur aux Travaux de
la Reunion des Tuileries au Louvre.
He returned to Araerica in 1855, and
coraraenced the practice of his profession by
spending six raonths with the late Thoraas
U. Walter on the capitol at W^ashington. He
then opened an office in New York with an
architectural course for students on the prin
ciple of the Paris Atehers. Messrs. George
B. Post, Professor WiUiara R. Ware, Frank
Furniss, Henry Van Brunt, Charles Gam-
briU and others were members of his studio
at this time.

In 1867 he served as a meraber of the art
jury at the Paris Exposition and in 1876 he
held the sarae office at the Centennial Ex
hibition in Philadelphia. Received the
decoration of the Legion of Honor frora the
French Government in 1882 and was made
corresponding raeraber of the Institute of
France the following year.
In New York and through the country
generally Mr. Hunt ranks among the first
architects. He is a prorainent raember of
the ArchUectural League of New York, the
New York Chapter of the American Institute
of Architects and other similar American
associations. He is one of the three foreign
architects belonging to the Society of St.
Luke, an Itahan body of artists which has
the distinction of being the oldest society of
its kind in the world. He is a raeraber of
the Institute of British Architects, the Cen
tral Society of French Architects, and the
Architects and Engineers' Society of Vienna.
He recently received the gold raedal of the
InstUute of British Architects, conferred by
Queen Victoria, being one of seventeen
foreigners to be so honored. He was several
years president of the New York Chapter of
the Araerican Institute of ArchUects, and
was elected to the presidency of the Insti
tute on the death of the late Thoraas U.
Walter in 1887.
Among Mr. Hunt's principal works are :
Lenox Library buUding, New York City ;
Presbyterian Hospital, New York City;
Delaware & Hudson Canal building. New
York City ; Tribune building. New York
City ; residences for William K. VanderbUt,
Esq., New York City and Newport, R. I. ;
residence for Ogden Goelet, Esq., Newport,
R. I. ; residence for C. O. D. Iselin, Esq.,
New York City ; residence for Henry G.
Marquand, Esq., New York City ; chateau
at Baltimore, N. C, for George W. Vander
bilt ; U. S. Acaderaie buUding, West Point,
N. Y. ; U. S. Gyranasiura building, West
Point, N. Y. ; U. S. Naval Observatory,
Washington, D. C. ; Yorktown raonuraent,
Yorktown, Va. ; Liberty raonument, New
York harbor and Soldiers and Sailors monu
raent, Portland, Me.
He received the degree of LL. D. from
Harvard University in 1892.
The New York Sun, in a recent editorial,
says of hira : "We congratulate our dis
tinguished fellow-citizen, Richard Morris
Hunt, the architect, upon his election as a
foreign associate member of the raost illus
trious body of artists, the Acaderaie des
Beaux-Arts, of the Institute of France. It is
a raerited honor. He is a worthy raeraber.
Mr, Hunt is a raan of genius, and his works
bear the seal of it He has devoted his life
to the noblest of aU the fine arts, that art
which, sufficient unto itself, takes both

92

HUNTINGTON.

HUNTINGTON.

sculpture and painting as its adjuvants. For
forty years he has stood foreraost among
.American architects. He has rendered
matchless service to the art of architecture
in our country, an art, which, at the time he,
when but fifteen years old, began to study it,
had hardly an existence among us. We need
not sound the praises of the artist who left
the Green Mountain state in his boyhood,
and within the past half century has won a
narae of pre-eminent rank among the archi
tects of the world, and now modestly wears
the honors that belong to a member of the
Institute of PYance, as well as those that ap
pertain to the merabership of British, Aus
trian and Italian associations of artists.
Long live our accomplished and amiable
friend, and may yet other honors be his."
HUNTINGTON, De Witt Clinton,
of Lincoln, Neb., son of Ebenezer and
Lydia (Peck) Huntington, was born in
Townshend, April 27, 1830. His parents
were from Connecticut. His father was a
raeraber of the Windhara county bar, but

DE WITT CLINTON HUNTINGTON.
owned a farra, and gave each of his sons a
practical education in that useful industry.
Dr. Huntington was educated in the schools
of his native town, and afterward in a course
in ancient and raodern languages at Roches
ter, N. Y.
In early life he connected hiraseU with
the Methodist Episcopal church, and in 1853
was received into its rainistry. During his

residence in Vermont he served churches of
that denomination in Thetford, ProctorsviUe,
and Brattleboro. At the close of his pastor
ate at Brattieboro he was transferred to the
conference which included the western part
of New York and a portion of Pennsylvania.
Within this territory he has spent three years
in Syracuse, N. Y., five in Bradford, Pa., four
in Buffalo, N. Y., and thirteen in Rochester.
In 1868 the Genesee College conferred upon
hira the degree of D. D. He has twice
filled the office of presiding elder, and has
represented his annual conference in the
legislative body of the church at six success
ive quadrennial sessions. In 1881 he was
appointed a delegate to the Ecumenical
Methodist Conference held in London, dur
ing which year he raade a soraewhat ex
tended tour through the different countries
of Europe. In 189 1 he accepted the invi
tation of Trinity Church, in Lincoln, Neb.,
to becorae its pastor, which, church is his
field of labor at the present tirae.
Dr. Huntington has written largely for the
religious journals of his denomination and
frequently for the secular press. Quite a
number of his serraons have been published
in pamphlet forra, chiefly upon questions of
the day. Those upon "The Death of Presi
dent Lincoln," "The Wrongs of the Liquor
Traffic," "The Cotton King and the Rum
King," "HeU Not Reformatory," and "Selfish
ReUgion," have been widely circulated and
extensively quoted. He has practiced the
theory which he avows : that the pulpit is an
educating force, and that aU subjects which
concern vitally the well-being of man belong
to its discussions. This view has led him not
only to a wide range of topics in his own
pulpit, but frequently to address raeetings
upon political and other pubUc questions.
He began his citizen life by voting for a
Free Soil candidate for President, and from
its organization to 1876 was a firm adherent
of the Repubhcan party. At that time he
severed his connection with the Repubhcan
and gave his influence to the Prohibition
party believing, as he said, that the RepubU
can party would never take up the temper
ance reforra. For tbe success of the Pro
hibition party he has since labored with pen
and voice. In 1886 he was placed in nom
ination for Congress by the Prohibitionists of
the Thirty-fourth Congressional district of
New York, and received the unprecedented
support of soraething raore than 5,500 votes.
In the foUowing year his name was placed at
the head of the Prohibition state ticket as
secretary of state and received nearly 42,000
votes. Both these nominations were, how
ever, against his advice, and the latter in the
face of his positive declinature.
Mr. Huntington has been twice married.
His first wife was Miss Mary E. Moore, daugh-

HUTCHINSON.

HUTCHINSON.

93

ter of Salmon J. and Elisabeth Moore, of
Chelsea, by whom he has two living children :
Thomas M., cashier of the Maverick Bank,
Gordon, Neb., and Horace D., a raerchant
in the sarae town. His second wife was
Miss Frances H. Davis, daughter of Hirara
and Harriet F. Davis, of Rochester, N. Y.,
by whom he has one daughter : Mary
Frances.

HUTCHINSON, Henry E., of Brooklyn,
N. Y., was born at Windsor in 1837. He is
the son of Rev. Elijah Hutchinson and
Laura Manning Skinner. The Rev. Elijah
Hutchinson was pastor of the Baptist church
at Windsor for many years, and held the
offices of president of the Vermont Baptist
Convention, chaplain of the state prison,
trustee of the public schools, and was widely
known in the state. Rev. Ehsha Hutchin
son, the grandfather of H. E. Hutchinson,
was a member of the first class which took
the fuU course at Dartmouth CoUege, grad
uated in 1775, was a chaplain in the war of

HENRY E. HUTCHINSON.
181 2, and preached through an active minis
terial life in the states of New Harapshire,
Connecticut and New York. Mr. Hutchin
son's grandfather on his maternal side, John
Payson Skinner, was one of the prominent
citizens of Windsor in the first half of the
century, owning stage lines before the days
of railroads.

Henry E. Hutchinson, the subject of this
sketch, fitted for college at the Windsor
high school, entered Dartmouth where he
reraained two years, and was transferred to
Araherst where he graduated with honor in
1858. He went to Alabama and taught for
a time in the Franklin Academy at Mont
goraery, read law and was adraitted to the
bar. Returning to the North he entered the
law office of Rufus F. Andrews, in New
Y'ork, and was admitted to the New York
bar on examination, in 1862. MeanwhUe
he had been made assistant to the notary of
the Broadway Bank, and was soon after ap
pointed assistant assessor of United States
Internal Revenue for the fourth district of
the state of New York. Mr. Hutchinson's
residence has been in Brooklyn since he
carae from Alabaraa, and a few years after
he went to that city he becarae secretary of
the Mechanics' Savings Bank, a position
which he filled untU 1877, when the bank
closed its business, going into voluntary liq
uidation and paying all clairas in fuU. On
Good Friday, 1877, Mr. Hutchinson was ap
pointed cashier of the Brooklyn Bank and
reraaining in this position untU elected
president in 1890, upon the retirement of
Elias Lewis, Jr. During his connection with
the bank it has greatly prospered. He is
also a trustee of the Hamilton Trust Co.,
and of the Long Island Safe DeposU Co.
Mr. Hutchinson has long been prominent
in the social and rausical life of Brooklyn.
In 1863 he was raarried to Miss Ella Staf
ford, a daughter of J. R. Stafford of Brook
lyn. Of this marriage two sons and two
daughters are living and four children have
died. Mrs. Hutchinson is a trustee ofthe Brook
lyn nursery and is active in the charitable
work ofthe city. Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson
are comraunicants in the Protestant Episco
pal church and for thirteen years Mr. Hutch
inson was organist and choir-master of St.
Peter's Church. He was also one of the or
ganizers and first musical director of the
Brooklyn Amateur Opera Society, organized
in 1875, whose performances have achieved
a metropolitan reputation. Mr. Hutchinson
has been treasurer and president of the
Brooklyn Choral Society, one of the largest
musical societies in the country, and owing
its honorable position largely to bis efforts.
He is a raeraber of the Union League Club
of Brooklyn ; joined the Alpha Delta Phi
secret society in college and is a member of
the Alpha Deha Phi Club in New York ; is a
member of the New England Society of
Brooklyn ; of the Brooklyn Society of Ver
raonters ; a trustee of the Brooklyn Dispen
sary, and is a trustee of the Union Church at
Arveme-by-the-Sea, Long Island, his suraraer
home.

94

IDE.

INGALLS.

IDE, George Henry, of Milwaukee,
Wis., son of Joseph A. and Lucretia Ann
(Fairbanks) Ide, was born Jan. 21, 1839, at
St. Johnsbury.
Mr. Ide was a farraer's boy and lived at
his birthplace until eleven years of age when
the, faraily raoved to Newport, where they
lived eight years. In the meantime he at
tended the district school and Derby Acad
emy. The faraily again returned to St.
Johnsbury, and he was fitted for Dartraouth
College, where he was graduated, and in 1869
graduated frora the Andover Theological
Serainary.

GEORGE HENRY IDE.

His first pastorate was in Hopkinton,
Mass., where he remained seven years. At
the close of this period he was called to the
Central Church in Lawrence, Mass., and
labored there four years, when he was called
to the Grand Avenue Congregational Church
of Milwaukee, Wis., his present pastorate,
and where he has won more than local fame.
Mr. Ide enUsted in 1862 and was orderly
sergeant of Company K, 15th Vt. Regt.,
Col. Proctor coramanding. The service of
this regiment was mostiy confined to Vir
ginia. He is a raember of Wolcott Post, G.
A. R., of Milwaukee. He is a trustee of
Beloit CoUege and a corporate member of
the American board.
Mr. Ide was married March 16, 1871, to
Mary J., daughter of Dr. Thoraas and Har
riet Sanborn, at Newport, N. H. Two chil

dren were born to thera . Carrie Sanborn
and Charles Edward.
In 1876 Mr. Ide was again raarried to
Kate Emma, daughter of Chandler C. and
Hannah (CogsweU) Bowles of Newport
The following frora the Chicago Inter-
Ocean gives an insight into the character
and personahty of Mr. Ide : " Rev. Dr. Ide,
the pastor, is extreraely popular out of his
church as weU as in it. He is a scholar, an
orator, an aU-round athlete, a conscientious,
hard-working pastor, and a genial gentleman
— a fortunate and unusual combination. He
is reasonably proud of his church and people,
as his people are of him. Mr. Ide may be
described as a tolerant theologian rather than
a hberal theologian. He is considered to be
rather conservative in a doctrinal way, but
there is none of the intolerance about him
which distinguishes many who are raore lib
eral as to doctrine."
INGALLS, Daniel Bowman, of Clin
ton, Mass., son of Jaraes and Mary (Cass)
Ingalls, was born in Sutton, May 25, 1829.

DANIEL BOWMAN INGALLS.

He received his education in the common
schools, and upon his father's removal to
Connecticut, when he was sixteen years of
age, he was apprenticed to learn the trade of
machinist, but at the end of, two years his
employers failed and he reraoved to Clinton,
Mass., where Horatio and E. B. Bigelow were
starting the raanufacture of gingharas and

INGALLS.

INGRAHAM.

95

carpets, and in these mills Mr. IngaUs worked
on machinery until 1849, when he again
changed his locality to 'Windsor, Vt., where
he found similar employraent in the gun
factory of Messrs. Robbins & Lawrence.
WhUe here he was impressed with the won
derful stories of the California gold dis
coveries and went to the Pacific coast and
for two years he labored in that region,
partly in the raines and partly at his trade in
Sacraraento. On his return to Clinton, he commenced
the study of dentistry and later graduated at
the Boston Dental College. His profession
has engaged his attention since 1859, and as
a proof of his success may be raentioned the
fact that he has been president of the Massa
chusetts Dental Society and also of the Mer
rimac Valley Dental Association. He had the
honor of being a meraber of the state World's
Fair committee, which prepared for the great
dental congress held in Chicago Sept. 10,
1893. Mr. Ingalls was raarried in Newbury, Oct.
22, 1850, to Rebecca Nelson, daughter of
Mason and Mary (Nelson) Randall. They
have had six children, all of whora have
passed into the silent land.
A staunch Republican, Mr. Ingalls was a
meraber of his town committee when Abra
ham Lincoln was first elected. He was sent
to the Massachusetts House of Representa
tives in 1880 and to the Senate in i88i-'82,
serving upon the public health coraraittee
and was chairraan of the coramittee on
clairas. For a nuraber of years he was a raember
of the investment committee of the Clinton
Savings Bank, and was a director in the
Lancaster National Bank, Chnton, to within
one year of the time that bank was wrecked
by its president, and at the time of his re
tirement frora office he raade a written state
raent to the stockholders in relation to the
irregularities of that officer, who at the time
held the office of cashier. Mr. Ingalls is now
president of the Chnton Co-operative Bank.
For thirty years Mr. Ingalls has been a
member of the Baptist church in Chnton,
and for more than that period a Free and
Accepted Mason, having served as Master
of Trinity Lodge of that town and twice ap
pointed D. D. G. M. under the Grand
Lodge of Massachusetts.
Though an adopted citizen of the old Bay
state, Mr. Ingalls stiU retains an ardent affec
tion for bis native hiUs and this raotive led
hira raore than a decade ago to take an ac
tive part in the organization of a Verraont

society, of which for many years he was the
honored president.
INGRAHAM, WILLIAM H., of Water-
town, Mass., was born in Peacham in 18 18,
the son of Paul and Thankful (Sears) Ingra-
hara. His father carae frora New Bedford,
where the Ingrahams are well-known settlers.
He received his education at the Cale
donia county graramar school, where he
was fitted for coUege. Instead of continuing
a coUegiate course he went to Framinghara,
Mass., to work for his older brother, who
owned a store. Here he remained untU he
was twenty-one years of age. Six months
later, in company with his second brother,
he bought out the store, and they carried on
the business for several years. Later they
branched out in the manufacture of shoes,
and at one time employed fifty raen. The
firra prospered until the well-reraerabered
financial difficulties in 1848, when, with
nuraerous other sraall houses, they were
crippled and obliged to seU out. Mr. In
graham then went to Watertown, where he
has since lived, and was engaged in various
pursuits untU 1879, when he opened an
insurance office in 'Watertown, which he stiU
conducts. Mr. Ingraham is a highly respected citizen
of Watertown, and as such has been honored
by nearly every office in the gift of the
people. In i848-'i852 and i88o-'93 he
served as one of the assessors ; 1874, 1875
and 1879 as selectraan; town clerk, 1848-
'62 and i88o-'90 ; he was a representative
from his town for two terms, 1879 and 1880,
in the General Asserably ; a justice of the
peace for a quarter of a century and a trus
tee of the Watertown Savings Bank, being at
tbe present tirae a raember of its board of
investraent. Mr. Ingrahara was raarried at Wayland,
Mass., in 1843, to Caroline C, daughter of
Ephraim and Caroline (Hubbard) Brigham.
Their children are : Ralph Waldo, Francis,
and Alice Choate.
Socially Mr. Ingraham has been very
prorainent. He is a raeraber of the Water-
town Unitarian Club connected with the
First Parish Church, was its treasurer in
1 88 1 and is at present a trustee of the
ministerial fund ; is a meraber of the Water-
town Historical Society and has been a
prorainent meraber of the I. O. O. F. for
forty years. A recent article in the Boston
Herald says of hira : " He is kind and
generous and never faUs to act when charity
so deraands. He is one of the most re
spected and honored men in the vicinity."

96

JOHNSON.

KASSON.

JOHNSON, Harvey A., was born in
Vermont, and having reraoved to Ohio was
elected a representative in Congress frora
that state frora 1853 to 1855.
JONES, Gamaliel Leonard, of Audu
bon, Minn., son of Norraan and Ehzabeth
(Gibbs) Jones, was born April n, 1843, in
Hubbardton.

r

J

/

GAMALIEL LEONARD JONES.

Mr. Jones was educated in the common
schools, Castleton Serainary, and Middlebury
CoUege, graduating from coUege in 1868, at

the age of twenty-five. Since that time he
bas almost constantly been occupied in
teaching, passing raany years in the vicin
ity of Dayton, Ohio, and becoraing principal
of Winchester (Ohio) Union School in 1873.
Upon the death of his father in 1874 he
went to Lake Eunice, Minn., purchasing a
large tract of land, which he carried on while
attending to his great work as a teacher in
the vicinity. For four years he was princi
pal of Lake Park graded school, and was
afterwards principal of the Audubon graded
school, at the sarae tirae doing rauch work of
a public nature as town clerk and justice of
the peace, county superintendent of schools,
member of a committee for selecting text
books for the schools of his county, and as
president of the teraperance association, and
secretary of his church for the Northern
Minnesota district.
Social and political organizations have also
taken his attention to sorae extent and his
work for the grange in its early days was
prorainent. In 1882 he was raade an honor
ary raeraber of Lake Park Literary Society,
and has contributed many articles to the press,
and often by request has delivered public
addresses of a political, religious, educational
or scientific nature. It has ever been the
aim of his life to aid in giving liberty and re
lief to the oppressed, establishing equal rights
and impartial justice for aU ; promoting every
raeasure which tends to the prosperity of his
country as a whole, and elevating the masses,
morally and intellectually.
Mr. Jones was married August 19, 1868, to
Althea Maria Pike, in Weston, daughter of
Josiah Wooster and Nancy Maria (Har
mon) Pike. They have five children : Joseph
Charles, Mary CaroUne, Edward Harrison
(deceased in infancy). Earl Grant, and Lulu
Althea Julia.

KASSON, JOHN Adam, of Des Moines,
Iowa, was born at Charlotte, Jan. 11, 1822 ;
graduated at the University of Verraont;
studied law in Massachusetts, and practiced
the profession in St. Louis, Mo., untU 1857,
when he reraoved to Iowa. In 1858 he was
appointed a coraraissioner to report upon
thejcondition of the executive departraents
of Iowa; assisted in 1859 in organizing the
State Bank of Iowa, and becarae director for
that state. In 1861 he was appointed As
sistant Postraaster-General, which office he
resigned in 1862, when he was selected a
representative frora Iowa to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the coraraittee
of ways and means. During the summer of

1863 he was appointed by President Lincoln
a commissioner to the International Postal
Congress at Paris, returning in August. Re
elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress; in
1867 again a U. S. postal coraraissioner to
Europe, where he raade postal treaties with
seven European governments ; six times a
raeraber of the Iowa Legislature ; again
elected to Congress in 1872 and re-elected
in 1874 ; he dechned a renomination and in
1877 was appointed envoy to negotiate treat
ies with Servia and Roumania; was again
elected to Congress in 1880 and 1882 ; re
signed in 1884 to accept the appointment of
Minister Plenipotentiary to Germany ; rep
resented the United States at the Congo

KELLOGG.

KELLOGG.

97

Conference in Berhn ; was chief of the Sa-
moan Commission at Berlin. He now de
votes his time to hterary pursuits.
KELLOGG, William Pitt, of New
Orleans, La., was born at OrweU, Dec. 8,
1831. His grandfather, Saxton Kellogg,
married SaUie Fuller, a descendant of Ben
jamin Franklin, and when a coraparatively
young raan removed from Connecticut to
Vermont. His father was the Rev. Sherraan
KeUogg, a weU-known Congregational cler
gyman, located for many years at Montpelier.
Many of his relatives now reside in Verraont
and have since an early day been identified
with this state.

WILLIAM PITT KELLOGG.
He was educated at the Norwich Mihtary
University. In 1850 he reraoved to Peoria,
IU., where he read law with E. G. Johnson,
a prominent lawyer formeriy of Vermont;
was admitted to the bar in 1853 and prac
ticed lawuntU March, 1861, when President
Lincoln appointed him chief justice of Ne
braska. On the breaking out of the war, at the
request of Governor Yates, he returned to
lUinois and raised the 7th Regt. of IU. Cav
alry, President Lincoln, at the request of
Governor Yates, having given hira six
months' leave of absence for this purpose.
In July, 1 86 1, Governor Yates having com
missioned him colonel, his regiraent was
mustered into service and ordered to report
to General Grant at Cairo. Mr. Kellogg

was soon after ordered by General Grant to
take coramand of Cape Girardeau, Mo. He
was in command of that post until General
Pope moved on Fort Thompson, when Mr.
Kellogg with his regiraent joined him, tak
ing part in the operations resulting in the
capture of Fort Thompson and New Mad
rid until ordered to Pittsburg Landing im
mediately after the battle of Shiloh. He cora
raanded a cavalry brigade under General
Granger, coraposed in part of his own regi
raent, in the operations about Farraington,
Corinth, and Grand Junction. In the sura
raer of 1862, his health having corapletely
failed, he becarae so rauch of an invahd that
he was corapelled to resign.
President Lincoln having allowed the
position of chief justice to reraain open Mr.
Kellogg returned to Nebraska and reraained
until January, 1863, discharging the duties
of chief justice, when he was requested by
Governor Yates to return to Illinois and
accorapany the Governor on a tour of inspec
tion of the Illinois soldiers in the field.
They visited General Grant's headquarters,
and on Feb. 15, 1863, Mr. Kellogg was re
quested by General Grant to proceed ira
raediately to Washington with iraportant
papers, frora General Grant to President
Lincoln. He accepted the mission, and
armed with the following pass, written by
General Grant, which Mr. Kellogg still re
tains, he went to Washington and delivered
the papers : Headquarters Department of
Tennessee before Vicksburg,
Feb. 15, 1863.
The bearer hereof. Colonel Kellogg, is
perraitted to pass through all parts of this
departraent, stopping at such railitary posts
as he raay desire, and traveUing free on
chartered steamers and railitary railroads.
Good until counterraanded.
[Signed] U. S. Grant,
Major-General Coraraanding.
Mr. Kellogg held the office of chief justice
of Nebraska untU April, 1865, when Presi
dent Lincoln tendered hira the appointment
of coUector of New Orleans. Mr. Kellogg
continued to serve as coUector until July,
1868, when a Republican State Legislature
having been chosen, he was elected U. S.
Senator from Louisiana, taking his seat July
17, 1868. He served on the committee on
comraerce and Pacific railroads, was chair
raan of the coraraittee on levees of the Mis
sissippi river, the first coraraittee on the sub
ject appointed by the Senate under a reso
lution introduced by Mr. Kellogg. He was
the author of the Texas Pacific railroad act,
having introduced that biU and was foreraost
in securing its passage. He reraained in
the U. S. Senate untU the faU of 1872, when
having been norainated for Governor by the

98

KIDDER.

KNAPP.

Republican party, he resigned. The long
and notable struggle that followed as a con
sequence of that gubernatorial contest, re
sulting in Mr. KeUogg's recognition as Gov
ernor of Louisiana by both houses of Con
gress, is a raatter of general history.
Mr. Kellogg served as Governor of Louis
iana until June, 1877, when he was again
elected to the U. S. Senate, and served as
senator until 1883. He served on the com
mittees on comraerce and territories, and
was chairman of the committee on Pacific
railroads. At the end of his second term as
U. S. Senator he was elected to the House of
Representatives from the great sugar district
of Louisiana, receiving nearly the entire vote
of the planting interests of that district. In
1884, at the expiration of his term in the
House, Mr. Blaine having been defeated for
President, Mr. Kellogg retired frora active
politics. Mr. Kellogg was a delegate in the conven
tion that organized the Republican party in
IlUnois in 185 1. Hewas a delegate at the
convention in Bloomington which norainated
Governor Bissell, the first Republican Gov
ernor elected in IlUnois. He also led the
delegation frora Fulton county in the Repub
lican state convention in i860, which nomi
nated Governor Yates, the war Governor, and
he was himself chosen by the same conven
tion as one of Mr. Lincoln's presidential
electors. He was a delegate-at-large to the
Chicago national convention in 1868, which
nominated General Grant the first time. He
has since been a delegate and chairraan of
the Louisiana delegation at every Republican
national convention, including the last con
vention of June, 1892, at Minneapohs.
He was one of the 306 delegates who
voted for General Grant to the last in the
national convention of 1880.
He was raarried, June 6, 1865, to Mary E.,
daughter of Andrew WUls, who eraigrated at
an early age to IlUnois from Pennsylvania,
and who was a member of the faraous Wills
family connected with the history of Gettys
burg, Pa. They have no children. Mr.
KeUogg has four sisters residing in Iowa
and one sister and a brother residing in
Kansas — they all have children.
Mr. Kellogg now resides a portion of the
year in Louisiana, where he is connected
with sugar planting, and the reraainder of
the year in Washington, D. C, where he has
large real estate interests.
KIDDER, Jefferson P., was born at
Braintree, was trained to agricultural pursuits,
taught school, received a classical education,
graduating at the Norwich University, and
was a tutor therein ; received in 1848 the de
gree of M. A. frora the University of Ver
raont; studied and practiced law; was a

raember of the state Constitutional Conven
tion in 1847; was a meraber of the state
Senate of "Verraont in 1847 to 1848; was
Lieutenant-Governor of Verraont in 1853-
1854 ; reraoved to St. Paul, Minn., in 1857;
was elected a provisional delegate from Da
kota Territory while visiting there in 1859;
was a raeraber of the Minnesota House of
Representatives in 1861, 1863,-1864 ; was
appointed in 1865 an associate justice of the
Suprerae Court for Dakota Territory, and re
raoved there, and was re-appointed in 1869
and again in 1873, and resigned after having
discharged the duties of that office for ten
years ; and was elected a delegate from Da
kota in the Forty-fourth Congress as a Repub
lican ; was re-elected to the Forty-fifth Con
gress. KNAPP, Chauncy L., was born in Ber
lin, Feb. 26, 1809. He coraraenced hfe by
serving an apprenticeship in a printing office
in Montpelier ; was elected reporter for the
Legislature in 1833 ; was co-proprietor and
editor for sorae years of the State Journal ;
was elected secretary of the state in 1836,
in which capacity he served four years ; and
reraoving to Massachusetts, he was elected
secretary of the Massachusetts Sena'.e in
1851 ; and was elected to the Thirty- fourth
and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress.
To hira was awarded the credit, while edit
ing the Journal, of first norainating General
Harrison for the presidency, which resulted
in his obtaining the electoral votes of Ver
raont four years before he was reaUy elected.
KNAPP, Dexter J., of Sioux Falls,
South Dakota, son of Gardner and Fanny
(Alton) Knapp, was born in Duramerston,
Nov. 30, 1844.
Availing himself of the ordinary school
advantages of his native place, and with an
inherent high sense of honor and integrity
such as has placed many Green Mountain
boys in eminent positions in life, Mr. Knapp
began his business career as a dealer in silks
at New Haven, Conn., in i860. Prospering
in this he went westward in 1867 and locat
ed at Minneapohs, Minn., and engaged in
the loan and luraber business. Profiting by
his experience in the past and his connec
tion with large business transactions, he
reraained here untU 1877 when he went to
Sioux Falls, Dakota Territory, and began ac
tive operations in real estate. This town, at
the tirae but a raere haralet, afiforded a fine
field for his business sagacity and he began
buying large tracts of lands adjacent to
Sioux Falls, also buUding dweUings on the
plateaux overlooking the Big Sioux river,
which a rapidly increasing population raade
necessary. January i, 1894, Sioux Falls had
a population of 15,000, and is located in one

KNAPP.

KNAPP.

99

of the finest wheat and corn belts in the
world. Mr. Knapp was married, Dec. 24, 1877,

DEXTER J KNAPP.
to Fanny M. Harraon, of Sioux Falls, South
Dakota, and has two daughters : Bessy, and
Helen. KNAPP, Lyman E., of Sitka, Alaska,
son of Hirara and Elvira (Stearns) Knapp,
was born in Somerset, Nov. 5, 1837. He
was the fourth in direct line of descent from
Capt. Joseph Knapp, of Taunton, Mass.,
who coraraanded a corapany in Colonel Tit-
comb's regiment, war of the Revolution.
His grandfather, Cyrus Knapp, reraoved to
Dover about the beginning of the nineteenth
century. His first ancestor in this country
carae frora Yorkshire, England, and settled at
Brighton, Mass., in 1640.
The subject of this sketch prepared for
college at Burr Serainary, Manchester, and
graduated with honors frora Middlebury
College in 1862. Directly after graduation
he enlisted as a private in Co. I, i6th Regt.
Vt. Vols., for nine raonths, but was elected
and commissioned captain of the company
before mustered into the United States ser
vice. He received his baptism of fire in the
battle of Gettysburg and was wounded in his
right shoulder by a bullet from a spherical
case shot during the famous bayonet charge of
the T6th Vt. Regt, to raeet the rebel charge
under Pickett. The wound proved not to
be serious, and after discharge from his

first service he re-enlisted, raised a company
of volunteers at Townshend, which was
assigned as Co. F, to the 17th Regt. Vt
Vols., and in command of that company he
served in Grant's faraous Wilderness cara
paign of 1864. The 17th saw very severe
service, was engaged in fourteen of the
historic battles of the war and suff"ered
greater losses in killed and wounded, during
its sixteen months service, than most of the
regiments which put in their fuU terms of
three and four years. Captain Knapp was
engaged whh his regiraent in aU these bat
ties and was wounded in two of thera,
Spottsylvania and the capture of Petersburg,'
though not severely. He was proraoted
major, Oct 25, 1864, and lieutenant-colonel
a few days later. He also received a brevet
coraraission frora the President "for gallant
and raeritorious action " in the battle of
Petersburg, AprU 2, 1865.
At the close of the war he engaged for
a short time in teaching at Burr & Burton
seminary, Manchester, then assuraed the
control and management of the Middlebury
Register, and he was editor of that journal
for thirteen years. During his work in con
nection with that paper, he read law, was
adraitted to practice in the Verraont courts
in 1876, which practice he continued, resid
ing in Middlebury, until his reraoval to
Alaska to assurae the duties of Governor of
that territory, to which he was appointed on
the 12th day of April, 1889.
In i872-'73 he was one of the clerks of the
Vermont House of Representatives. In
i886-'87 he was an influential member of
the sarae body. For twenty years, frora
1869 to 1889, he was the trial justice of the
peace of his county, before whora the raore
iraportant and difficuh cases were brought
for adjudication. He was register of pro
bate for two years and becarae judge of the
same court in 1879, which office he held by
successive elections until he resigned in
1889, to accept the office of Governor of
Alaska. He was chairman of the Republican cora
raittee of his county eight years, and has
served as member of the school board for his
district ; chairman of the county temperance
society ; vice-president of the 'W'estern Ver
raont Congregational Club ; town clerk for a
nuraber of years ; treasurer of the Addison
county graramar school; chairman of the
business coraraittee of the Middlebury Con
gregational Religious Society ; town assessor
of taxes ; chairman of the county evangehza-
tion coramittee, and connected with every
movement for the promotion of morals and
philanthropy which carae within his reach.
Soraetiraes he raade addresses on occasions
hke the Fourth of July, Memorial Day, relig
ious conventions, temperance raeetings and

100

KNOWLTON.

KNOWLTON.

society anniversaries, and wrote editorial
articles and coramunications for periodicals
and newspapers other than his own. These
articles were highly appreciated and rauch
sought after.
In college he was a member of the Delta
Upsilon fraternity and belonged to the hon
orary Alurani society. Phi Beta Kappa, after
graduation, and has held the office of presi
dent of the local chapter. Soon after the
war he became a member of the G. A. R.
and served several terras as commandet of
his post. His interest in the work of the
learned societies never flagged. He is still
a member of four historical societies, includ
ing the Alaska Historical Society of which
he is president, of the National Geographic
Society, of one ethnological society, of the
Araerican Institute of Civics of New York,
whose object is to proraote a higher and
purer citizenship ; and has raade geology and
mineralogy the special study of many of his
summer vacations.
In addition to his professional and official
work he had an extensive loan business of
which he conducted the eastern and western
agencies in Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Da
kota, and Washington, and he had the man
agement of several trust estates. AU these
business connections he laid aside in 1889
on leaving for Alaska.
He became Governor of Alaska on taking
the oath of office, AprU 20, 1889, since
which time he has conducted the business
of the executive of that territory. The
duties of that office have been exceedingly
onerous, and the responsibilities heavy and
wearing. He has made four extended
annual reports, which have been published
and have becorae the authority on matters
embraced therein.
Politically his sympathies were ever with
the Republican party. His first vote for
President was cast for Abraham Lincoln in
i860. He became a member of the Congrega
tional church at the age of fifteen, and he
ever remained devotedly attached to the
principles of that faith.
He was united in marriage, Jan. 23, 1865,
at Washington, D. C, with Martha A.,
daughter of Ebenezer and Corcina (Jones)
Severance. As the fruit of this marriage
they have : George E., Frances A., Lyman
Edwin, and May A.
KNOWLTON, Frank Hall, of Wash
ington, D. C, son of JuUus A. and Mary
EUen (Blackraer) Knowlton, was born Sept.
2, i860, at Brandon.
He was educated in the public schools of
Brandon and Middlebury CoUege, graduating
frora the latter institution in July, 1884, with

the degree of B. S., the first conferred by
this college, and in 1887 received the de
gree of M. S. frora the sarae college. In
1894 he obtained the degree of Ph. D. from
the Colurabian University in Washington
D. C. This degree was the first one of the
kind granted by the university as represent
ing a course of study accoraphshed.
Iraraediately after graduation in August,
1884, he went to Washington, D. C, to be
corae an assistant in the departraent of bot
any in the U. S. National Museura, a posi
tion which he held until July, 1887, when he
was made assistant curator of the depart
ment. He continued in this position untU
April, 1889, when he resigned to assume
charge of the botany of the Century Diction
ary, but his health failed and the following
six months from July, 1889, were spent in
active field work in New Mexico, Arizona
and California as assistant paleontologist of
the U. S. geological survey. In 1887 he was
elected professor of botany in Columbian
University, Washington, D. C, which posi
tion he now holds. He was also engaged in
preparing the botanical definitions for the
Standard Dictionary, a work now approach
ing completion, and has written over 20,000
definitions for it. He is one of the editors of
the American Geologist, and has written many
valuable scientific papers, notably, " FossU
AVood and Lignite of the Potomac Forma
tion," "Fossil Wood of Arkansas," "Addi
tions to the Flora of Washington," "Birds of
Brandon, Vt.," " Flora of Nushagak, Alaska" ;
a complete bibliography of his works would
number 125 articles, including papers and
reviews. His contributions to leading scien
tific journals have been extensive and include
the Araerican Journal of Science ; Araerican
Geologist, geological survey bulletin ; Journal
of Geology ; The Auk ; Proceedings U. S.
National Museum ; Smithsonian Reports ;
The Botanical Gazette ; Forest and Stream ;
Garden and Forest, etc.
At college he was a D. K. E. and has since
been elected to raembership in the foUowing
named societies : American Association for
the Advancement of Science, American
Geological Society, American Ornithologists'
Union, Society of Naturalists of Eastern
United States, Sons of the American Revolu
tion, Philosophical, Biological, Geological,
Botanical and Ornithological societies of
Washington, D. C.
Prof. Knowlton was married at Kingman,
Kan., Sept. 27, 1887, to Annie Sterling,
daughter of William A. and Lydia Moorhead.
She died Jan. 26, 1890, leaving one child;
Margaret. He was raarried a second time
at Laurel, Md., Oct. 3, 1893, to Rena Geni-
veve, daughter of Isaac B. and Lizzie W.
Ruff.

LANGDON.

LADD, Charles Douglass, of San
Francisco, Cab, son of Seneca and Mary S.
(Varnum) Ladd, was born in DanviUe, Sept.
3, 1849.
He was educated at the publfc schools of
DanviUe during the years of his rainority,
and learned the blacksraith's and gunsmith's
trades. In 1869 he went to California, and
for several years worked as gunsmith and
blacksraith, until in 1877 he estabhshed hira
self in business at San Francisco as a dealer
in firearms and sporting goods. In 1881 he
reraoved to his present large establishraent
at 529 Kearney street, where he still con
ducts the sarae business in connection with
the fur business, which he has added during
the last few years. Mr. Ladd is the owner of
several schooners which are engaged prin
cipally in the fur trade.
He is independent and liberal in regard
to pohtics, and votes with the party having
the best candidate for office ; hence, he says,
"I ara both Deraocrat and RepubUcan."
Mr. Ladd raarried Mary S. Lyon of Wood
stock, Conn.
LANGDON, William Chauncy,
grandson of the late Hon. Chauncy Langdon
of Castleton, and son of John Jay and Har
riette Curtis (Woodward) Langdon, being
descended on the mother's side frora the
Wheelocks and Woodwards of Dartraouth
CoUege, N. H., was born in BurUngton,
August 19, 1831.
His childhood and youth were almost
wholly passed at the South, chiefly in New
Orleans, where he was educated by his moth
er. He fitted for coUege at Castieton (Vt.)
Serainary and in 1850 graduated at Transyl
vania University, Lexington, Ky.
Giving his early manhood to scientific pur
suits, he was for a few months instructor in
astronomy and chemistry at Shelby College,
Ky., from which post he was appointed in
185 1, asaistant examiner, and, afterwards,
chief examiner, in the U. S. Patent Office.
He resigned this office in 1856 ; practiced as
a councilor in patent law for two years ; and,
in 1858, was ordained to the ministry of the
Protestant Episcopal Church.
During bis residence in Washington, Mr.
Langdon was actively interested in the
Young Men's Christian Associations, of which
he was one of the earhest American pioneers
and the leader in the organization of these
societies in a national confederation, as weU
as in securing international relations between
¦ them and European bodies.
In the ministry, after a year as an assis
tant in a Philadelphia church, Mr. Lang
don went in 1859 to Rome, Italy, and as
chaplain of the U. S. Legation near the
Holy See founded and was first rector of

the American Episcopal Church in that city ;
also about the same tirae starting a simUar
church in Florence. Returning to the
United States at the outbreak of the civil
war, he accepted in 1862 the rectorship of
St. John's Church, Havre de Grace, Md.
At the close of the war he was sent back to
Italy as secretary of a joint coraraittee of
the General Convention of the Episcopal
Church, charged to inquire into the religious
and ecclesiastical aspects and results of the
Italian Revolution then in progress. In this
charge, h« raade his residence in Florence,
coming into intimate personal relations with
the principal leaders of the Liberal Catholic

WILLIAM CHAUNCY LANGDON.
party in the Italian church, before and dur
ing the period of the Vatican Council, as well
as with some of the early leaders of liberal
Catholicism in Germany. In 1873 Mr. Lang
don was transferred to Geneva, Switzerland,
where he founded Eraraanuel Episcopal
Church, and co-operated in German, French
and Swiss religious moveraents. He was
present at the Old Catholic Congress of
religious movements, of Cologne, 1872; of
Constance, 1873 ; of Friburg, 1874; and he
was a participant meraber of the re-union
conferences of Bonn in 1874 and 1875. He
received the degree of Doctor in Divinity
frora Kenyon College, Garabier, O., in 1874,
"in recognition of his distinguished services
in Italy."

LAWRENCE.

LAWRENCE.

Towards the close of 1875, Dr. Langdon
returned again to the United States ; was
rector of Christ Church, Carabridge, Mass.,
in i876-'78 ; and of St. James' Church, Bed
ford, Pa., from 1883 to 1890; since which
year, in consequence of irapaired health, he
has withdrawn from parish duty and has
been living with his eldest son, Pfof. Court
ney Langdon, of Brown University, Provi
dence, R. I.
Mr. Langdon married, in 1858, Hannah
Agnes, daughter of E. S. Courtney of BaUi
more, Md., and has had five children, aU
StiU living : Prof. Courtney Langdon, George
W. Langdon of Newburyport, Mass., Williara
C. Langdon, Jr., an instructor in Brown
University, and two daughters.
Dr. Langdon has so far pubhshed but two
sraall volumes " Some Account of the Catho
lic Reforra Movement in the Italian Church,"
London 1868; and "Seven Letters to the
Baron Ricasoli," in Italian, Florence, 1874.
He has, however, for some years been
engaged upon a work of sorae raagnitude —
"The Modern Crisis of Latin Christianity."
But he has published a succession of reports
during his residence in Europe, a nuraber
of pamphlets on religious and ecclesiastical
subjects, and a few sermons ; and he has
also been, of later years, a frequent contrib
utor to the Church Quarterly and the Politi
cal Science Quarterly, to the International
and Andover Reviews, to tbe Church, At
lantic, Century and University Magazines,
and to other periodicals.
LAWRENCE, ChaRLES B., late of Chi
cago, was tbe son of Villa Lawrence, a raer
chant of Vergennes, and was born in that
city about 1819 to 1820.
After the proper preparation he entered
Middlebury CoUege, where he continued till
the end of the junior year, when he entered
the senior class in Union CoUege, Schenec
tady, N. Y., frora which he graduated in
1840, and in the winter following he cora
raenced teaching an academy in either Dal
las or Lowndes county, Ala., and remained
so eraployed until 1842, when he entered
the law office of Hon. Alphonso Taft, an
erainent lawyer of Cincinnati, Ohio, after
ward attorney-general of the United States
under President Grant.
In the faU of 1843 he went to St. Louis,
Mo., and studied in the law office of Geyer
& Dayton, tiU his adraission to the bar in
St. Louis in the beginning of the year 1844.
Henry S. Geyer of the firra of Geyer & Day
ton, stood at the front of the St. Louis and
Missouri bar, and succeeded Thoraas H.
Benton in the United States Senate. In
February, 1844, Mr. Lawrence forraed a part
nership with Melvin L. Gray, from Vermont,
just then beginning practice. As both mera

bers of this firra were yqung and inexper
ienced and had few acquaintances and their
practice was mostly waiting and seeking em
ployraent, Mr. Lawrence was induced to go
to Quincy, IU., and form a partnership with
David L. Hough, son of Prof. John Hough,
for many years of the faculty of Middlebury
CoUege. This partnership was soon termin
ated by the appointment of Mr. Hough to
the land agency of tbe Michigan and lUinois
canal. Then Mr. Lawrence became the part
ner of the Hon. Archie WiUiaras, one of the
leading attorneys of northwestern IlUnois,
with whora he continued until 1856. Dur-

CHARLES B. LAWRENCE.

ing this period the firra did a large and
profitable business and Mr. Lawrence at
tained a high rank for learning, professional
skill and ability, and for integrity and up
rightness of character.
^ Iin the raeantirae he had raarried Miss
Margaret Marston, a young English lady,
whose parents had become residents of
Quincy. Being in poor health — a hfe-long
sufferer with asthma— in 1856 he closed his
business, and after attending as a delegate to
the national convention that nominated John
C. Fremont for thfe presidency, he spent a
winter in Cuba and the two years following
in Europe, and on his return to this
country settled on a farm in Warren county,
IU., but was soon elected circuit judge of his
circuit, in which position he showed such
marked judicial qualities that he was soon
elected one of the supreme judges of the

LEE.

103

-state and served in that capacity for many
years. As a judge his standing was one of
the highest, for great powers of analysis, in
tegrity, uprightness and legal attainments.
His opinions are characterized by clearness,
•close logic, perspicuity and force, and are
models of their kind. He was regarded, both
in and out of the state, as one of the strong
est and ablest jurists that ever sat on the
Suprerae Court bench of Illinois. On the
closing of his judicial career, he resumed
practice in Chicago, where it became large
and profitable.
In the controversy for the presidency be
tween Tilden and Hayes, he was sent as one
of the commissioners to Louisiana to investi
gate the results of the election in that state,
and subsequently was much talked of as U.
S. Senator frora Illinois. He was originally
a Democrat, but his residence in the South
had convinced hira of the evils and dangers
of slavery, and he becarae thereafter a
Republican. In February, 1885, to avoid the inclem
ency of the weather on the lake, he started
on a trip to reach the raore genial climate of
the South, but was overtaken by death at
Decatur, Ala.
He had three children, two sons and a
daughter. The eldest son and daughter
died on reaching adult years, and in his hfe-
tirae. The youngest son survived him, but
died soon after his father's death, whUe a
student in Yale College. His wife alone sur-
Tives, and is now residing in England.
LEE, John Stebbins, of Canton, N. v.,
son of Eli and Rebekah (Stebbins) Lee, was
born Sept. 23, 1820, at Vernon.
He was educated in the common schools
¦and fitted for college in Deerfield, Shelburne
Falls and Bratdeboro ; entering Amherst Col
lege in 1 84 1, he graduated with honors in
1845. He taught his first school when
eighteen years of age at Guilford. Frora
1845 to 1847 he was principal of Mount
Csesar Seminary at Swanzey, N. H., and for
two years principal of Melrose Seminary at
West Brattleboro, and at the latter place was
-ordained to the Universahst ministry June
23, 1847. He held brief pastorates in West
Brattieboro, Lebanon, N. H., and Mont
pelier, where be became assistant editor of
the Christian Repository, associated with Dr.
Eh Ballou. ^ ,
In March, 1852, he took charge of the
-Green Mountain Institute at South Wood
stock and labored there twenty-one terras m
succession untU 1857, when wearied with
constant work he removed to Woodstock
•viUage He served as pastor of South Wood
stock, Bridgewater and Woodstock parishes
for seven years, and in April, 1859, he was
called to take charge of the St. Lawrence

University at Canton, N. Y., where he has
since resided. For nine years he was act
ing president of the collegiate department
and college and in AprU, 1869, he was trans
ferred to the theological departraent and
appointed professor of ecclesiastical history
and biblical archaeology which position he
now holds (1894). For nearly fifty-five years
he has been an able and successful teacher,
passing through all grades frora coraraon
schools to college.

JOHN STEBBINS LEE.

In July, 1868, seeking rest frora his' ardu
ous labors he obtained leave of absence and
travelled extensively in England and on the
Continent, Egypt and the Holy Land. His
work and varied historical reading had pre
pared hira to study intelligently classical
scenes and Bible lands, historic and anti
quarian relics, and the results of his obser
vations were written out for several publi
cations whUe abroad. Upon his return,
iraproved in health and mind, stored with
valuable knowledge, he lectured upon his
travels to large audiences in many states.
In 1871 he pubhshed a work entitled,
"Nature and Art in the Old World," and in
1877 another volurae entitled, "Sacred
Cities," devoted to biblical scenes. In ad
dition to these he has written raany articles
for the Ladies' Repository, the Universahst
Quarterly and other journals.
In 1848 the degree of A. M. was conferred
upon hira by Araherst College, and in 1875

104

MARTIN.

LYON.

the honorary degree of D. D., by Buchtel
College, Akron, O.
Mr. Lee was raarried, Feb. 22, 1848, to
Elraina Bennett, of Westraoreland, N. H.
Six chUdren have been born to thera : the
eldest, Ida Limine, died in infancy ; the
other five, Leslie Alexander, John Clarence,
Frederic SchUler, Florence Josephine and
Lulu Gertrude Lottie are living and aU have
taken up the profession of their father and
occupy prorainent positions.

LYON, Lucius, was born in Vermont,
but emigrated to Michigan when quite a
young raan ; devoted hiraself for several
years to the business of surveying the wild
lands of the territory ; was a delegate in
Congress from that territory during the years
i833,-'34)-'35, and a senator in Congress
from Michigan from 1836 to 1840, and a
representative in Congress from 1843 to
1845. His last pubUc position was that of
surveyor-general in the Northwest. Died at
Detroit, September 25, 1851.

MARTIN, Moses Mellen, of Allegan,
Mich., son of Deacon Moses and Almira
(Dana) Martin, was born in Peacham, April
8, 1834. He inherits sterhng qualities and
sound judgment from a good stock of ances
tors, counting araong thera the Chamber
lains and Mellens of Hopkinton, Mass., his

MOSES MELLEN MARTIN.
great-grandfather, Samuel Chamberlain, hav
ing married Martha MeUen, daughter of
Deacon Henry Mellen of that town. His
grandparents, Ashbel and Lydia (Charaber
lain) Martin, were araong the first settiers
of Peachara, having built one of the first
frame farra houses in the town.
Mr. Martin received the rudiraents of
his education in the country district where
his father hved ; he fitted for coUege at
Peachara Acaderay and graduated frora Mid

dlebury CoUege in 1861, and frora the Prince
ton Theological Seminary in 1864. He was
licensed to preach at Peacham by the Minis
terial Association of Caledonia county in
May, 1864, and was ordained at Middletown
where was his first pastorate in 1865. He
entered upon horae raissionary work in Wis
consin the following year and has held pas
torates over Congregational churches in
Prescott, and Mazoraanie, Wis., and in Three
Oaks, and Allegan, Mich., where now he is
pastor of the First Congregational Church.
He has always taken a deep interest in
educational matters, serving for many years
as school inspector and in this capacity visit
ing schools, advising teachers and stiraulat-
ing pupils to raake the raost of themselves,
to desire above everything good character.
Through his infiuence the town library of
Three Oaks grew to be one 'of the best in
southwestern Michigan. In coUege he was
from the first opposed to secret societies and
aUied hiraself with the Delta Upsilon frater-
nitity the highest offices of which he held.
He is an honorary raeraber of the A. B. C. F.
M. His Princeton classmates made him a
life raeraber of the Bible Society ; he received
the title of Doctor of Divinity from Olivet
CoUege, Mich.
In the rainistry his labors have been marked
by great earnestness and exceUent judgment
so that although in every instance his charges,
though at the outset unpromising, became,
under his wise and able leadership, strong
and flourishing churches ; and as an instance
of the regard of his people, one of his
churches, in rebuilding fifteen years after he
left it, called hira back to preach the dedica
tory sermon and surprised hira with their
beautiful " Martin raeraorial window." One
of his raost striking characteristics is extreme
modesty, and every pastorate and every
honor have been unsought. An honor which
he greatly prizes was his election by ballot
by the state association composed of between
three and four hundred churches, to preach
in Ann Arbor the opening serraon at one of
the raost important conventions during the

MASON.

MASON.

105

fifty years of Congregationalism in Michigan
when the subject of state self-support was
to be introduced and acted upon. One Of
the members of the body said the sermon,
the subject of which was " Opportunity,"
presented the initial of aU the intense and
able discussions which followed. He was
also appointed by the church at Peacham to
deliver the historical address at its centen
nial celebration.
His great kindliness, geniality and ready
wit raake him a favorite in all social circles.
His popularity, Uke that of Lord Mansfield,
is "that which follows, not that which is run
after." Mr. Martin was married Jan. 19, 1865, to
Miss Laura A. Kellogg, who died in August,
1870. Mary Louise, the only child of this
union, died in infancy. He was again mar
ried in October, 187 1, to Margaret Johnston,
daughter of Joseph Johnston, one of the pio
neers of Chicago, who died in 1878'. He
was raarried to his present wife, Mary,
daughter of Alva W. and Lydia (Atwood)
Pierce, of Londonderry, in June, 1880. Of
this union are four children : Pauline,
Persis Lydia, Mellen Charaberlain, and
Blanche Elizabeth.
MASON, George, of Washington,
D. C, son ,of Ephraim Hubbard and Pru
dence (Hills) Mason, was born in Putney,
Dec. 31, 1 83 1. His parents removed to
Brookline in 1832, where they resided for
more than thirty years, and where his father
died, having been a prominent raan in the
town which he represented in the Legisla
tures of 183s and 1836. His grandfather,
Anthony Mason, moved to Brookhne from
Warren, R. I., in 1796. He raarried Elizabeth
Temple, of Dummerston, and raised a large
family, of whora Ephraira Hubbard was the
eldest. The maternal grandfather of George
Mason, Sarauel Hills, was a soldier in the
Continental army in the war of the Revolu
tion. He was taken prisoner at Quebec and
paroled, but never exchanged. His two
brothers, Nathaniel and WilUam, were also
sodiers during the Revolution. Their father,
Nathaniel, lived in Swanzey, N. H., where he
and his wife were rauch esteeraed. The
Mason faraily were of English descent.
George Mason grew up very rauch like
other Verraont boys of fifty years ago, at
tending school a few months in summer and
in winter, and working on his father's farra
in spring and auturan. He thus, in boy
hood, acquired sorae knowledge of the ele
ments of an English education and of farming.
As he grew older he became ambitious of
obtaining a more liberal education, and he
succeeded without assistance in raastering
the principles of algebra and surveying, while
with assistance of Prof. L. E. Ward, at

Saxton's River and at \Vestrainster, he ac
quired such knowledge of other branches as
was necessary for adraission to Verraont
University. He graduated frora the univer
sity in the class of 1858, and has since
received the honorary degree of A. M. frora
his alraa mater. During his four years at
the university and even before that time he
earned a great part of the means to pay his
biUs by teaching for a part of each year,
and after graduation he continued to teach
for several years, principaUy in Worcester
county, Mass.

GEORGE MASON

In 1862, June n, he married Josephine
Augusta, daughter of Col. Moses and Louisa
(Pitts) Buffum of Oxford, Mass. Of this
marriage he has two sons : H. Harry Buffum,
and George Ernest.
In 1859 he was raade a Master Mason, in
Putney. In i860 he becarae a charter raera
ber of the Oxford Lodge in Massachusetts,
and its first worshipful master. He was sub
sequently re-elected and installed by the
Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. In 1863
he removed to Washington, D. C, where he
received an appointment in the office of the
paymaster general of the array, and served
for five years, reading law raeanwhile, and
graduating frora the law department of Col
umbia College with the degree of LL. B.
He was admitted, on graduation, to the bar
of the District Supreme Court, and practiced
his profession for sorae years, making a
specialty of bankruptcy law. He subse-

io6

MEIGS.

MEIGS.

quently withdrew from practice and engaged
in the real estate business. In 1869 he was
elected a meraber of the school board of
Washington, D. C, serving one year.
In 1889 he visited Europe with his faraily,
and spent the summer of that year in Paris
at the Exposition. He afterwards traveled
in Great Britain and on the Continent, visit
ing several European countries, witnessing
the celebrated passion play at Ober Ammer-
gau, and spending sorae time in Munich,
Vienna and other capital cities, viewing
their treasures of art and relics of antiquity,
and studying the social and industrial con
ditions of the people as developed under
their various political institutions. In the
winter of 1890 he returned to his native
land, a raore appreciative and ardent lover
of its free institutions.
Republican in politics, his syrapathies are
with and for the race which owes its en
franchisement to that party, and with the
struggling masses rather than with the fa
vored few.
MEIGS, Henry B., of Baltimore, Md.,
son of Captain Luther, and grandson of
Benjarain (pioneers of that town), was born
in Highgate, Nov. 23, 1844.
Reraote frora the district schools of the
locality, his education was very liraited, but
upon attaining the years of raanhood he
became a great reader of current literature
and substantial standard wo'rks almost ex
clusively of history, biography and travel,
and has pursued all through life a self-
directed course of study and reading of
standard and classical authors. Thus stor
ing his raeraory with facts that have uncon
sciously but adrairably fitted hira for a life
of usefulness.
In 1862 he enlisted as a private soldier in
Co. K, 13th Vt. Vols., Col. F. V. Randall
coraraanding, and was with his coraraand
and in the ranks until the raustering out of
the regiraent, and participated in aU of the
varying experiences of his regiraent during
its service, including the raarch to and the
battie of Gettysburg.
Upon the conclusion of the war, Captain
Meigs emigrated to the wUds of the far West
and for six years was engaged in ranching,
merchandising, gold-raining and freighting
across the plains in the days when Indians
were nuraerous and raUroads were unknown
in that country. In 1 871 he returned east
and engaged in the raanufacture of lirae, and
merchandising until 1874 in northern New
York. In pohtics Captain Meigs has never been
interested as an active partisan, with the
single exception of having been a member
of the city council of Julesburg, Cob, in
1867. While residing in northern New

York, Captain Meigs organized the first G.
A. R. Post (WiUiara D. Brennan) at Malone,
in FrankUn county, and was its commander
five successive terms, during which time the
post grew to be the largest in aU northern
New York. While in command of his own
post, he was continuously serving in some
capacity upon the staff of the department
coramander, or of the coraraander-in-chief,
and during those years organized nine posts
and personally mustered into the Grand
Army more than one thousand members.
When a young man he became identified
with the Baptist denoraination and has
always been actively interested in the church
of his choice.

HENRY B. MEIGS.

Special work in life requires special pre
paration, and soraetiraes the training begins
very early. It would seera so in the case of
Captain Meigs, whose early life and sur
roundings admirably fitted hira for the work
he was to accomphsh in the general field of
life insurance. In 1876 Captain Meigs
adopted life insurance as his life's work, and
has since followed it with increasing success,
first in New York and later in Baltimore
until the present tirae.
He went to Baltiraore to take charge of
the Southeastern departraent of the yEtna
LUe Insurance Co., in 1888, and the success
of this departraent has been phenoraenal.
Frora a sraaU beginning he has built up one
of the largest general agencies on the con
tinent, the territory coraprising the states of

MERRIFIELD.

MILLARD.

107

Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware
and District of Colurabia. By his own
endeavors he has steadily pushed to the
front and now stands among the foremost in
his chosen profession. Is a member of the
executive coramittee, Baltiraore Life Under
writers Association, and is vice-president of
the National Association of Life Under
writers. It is a treat to be in corapany with Cap
tain Meigs when he is in a reminiscent
mood ; from his memory flows a streara of
huraorous stories and interesting personal
history which entertain, instruct and benefit.
In 1872 Captain Meigs was raarried to
Alvira, daughter of Abijah Stanley of Ban
gor, N. Y.
MERRIFIELD, WEBSTER, of Grand
Forks, N. D., son of John A. and Louisa W.-
Merrifield, was born at Newfane, July 27,
1852. He attended the coramon schools at WiU
iarasville, the Powers Institute at Bernards-
ton, Mass., the Wilbrahara (Mass.) Aca
deray and graduated with the degree of B. A.
at "Yale College in class of 1877. Frora
1877 to 1879 he was a teacher in a private
school at Newburgh, N. Y. In 1879 he went
to North Dakota with expectation of remain
ing there permanently and opened up a
farm, while reading law in the office of a
local attorney, but in the faU returned to
New Haven and accepted a position on the
faculty of Yale CoUege.
In the early days of the territory he served
as postraaster and justice of the peace. The
State University of North Dakota, at Grand
Forks, has been the scene of his great work.
There he was professor of Greek and Latin
from 1884 to 1 89 1, and subsequently, pro
fessor of pohtical and social science. In
1 89 1 he became president of the University.
By nature, by his literary attainments and by
practical business experience. President Mer
rifield is eminently qualified for the duties
of this responsible position. He is naturally
keen, active and earnest and broadened by
coUegiate training and years of study and
foreign travel. He has been connected with
the University from its start and has always
been an influential meraber of the faculty.
The uniform success of the pupils in his
classes long since demonstrated bis posses
sion of rare faculties as an instructor, while his
active engagement in business pursuits in
sures him the possession of practical ideas,
weU adapted to the needs of the University.
President Merrifield is a member of the
Phi Beta Kappa Society; the Araerican
Oriental Society, as weU as various other
learned societies. Yale CoUege conferred
the honorary degree of M. A. upon hira in

MILLARD, Stephen C, of Bingham
ton, N. Y., was born at Stamford, Jan. 14,
1841 ; was educated at WUliams College,
graduating in the class of 1865 ; read law at
Harvard Law School, and in the office of
Pingree & Baker, Pittsfield, Mass., and was
admitted to the bar of the state of New
York in May, 1867, at Binghamton; has
been in constant practice of the law at Bing
hamton from date of his adraission to the
bar to tbe present tirae ; was chairraan of
the Republican county coraraission 1872-
'79, and was elected to the Forty-eighth
Congress as a Republican ; was re-elected
to the Forty-ninth Congress.
MOORE, Heman Allen, was born in
Plainfield in 1810 ; studied law in Rochester,
N. Y. ; removed to Columbus, O. ; obtained
distinction as a lawyer ; was appointed ad
jutant-general of the state militia, and was a
representative in Congress from that state
frora 1843 to the time of his death, which
occurred in Columbus, April 3, 1844.
MORTON, LEVI Parsons, ll. d.,
ex-Vice President of the United States, the
youngest son of the late Rev. Daniel Oliver
Morton, was born at Shorehara, May 16,
1824. He is a direct descendant of George
Morton, of Bawtry, Yorkshire, Eng., one of
the Pilgrira Fathers who landed at Plyraouth,
Mass., from the ship Ann, in 1623. The
Rev. Mr. Morton, his father, was one of
those noble, old-fashioned, deep-thinking
New England clergymen, who did God's
work as it carae to his hand in pious earnest
ness ; and, although he had a salary of only
six hundred a year, he raanaged to give aU
his children, six in nuraber, a good education.
The subject of this sketch was named after
his raother's brother, the Rev. Levi Parsons,
a man of strong intellectual ability, who was
the first Araerican missionary that went to
Palestine, where he served with great zeal.
Mr. Morton's early life differed httle frora
that of raost Araerican boys who have risen
to farae and fortune. Having finished his
education at the academy in his native place,
he decided on adopting a mercantile career,
and at the age of twenty he engaged in busi
ness at Hanover, N. H., where he remained
about five years. In 1849 he reraoved to
Boston and entered the bouse of Jaraes
M. Beebe & Co., as a clerk. He was ad
raitted to partnership at the same time that
Mr. Morgan, the successor of George Pea
body & Co. of London, joined the firra. In
1854 he reraoved to NewYork and established
the dry goods comraission house of Morton
& Grinnell. In 1863 he engaged in the
banking business, founding the now weU-
known house of Morton, Bhss & Co., of New
York, and in company with Sir John Rose,

^^x^^i^^v-^:^

MORTON.
formerly finance minister of Canada, that of
Morton, Rose & Co., of London, England.
After engaging in the business of banking,
Mr. Morton carefully studied the financial
transactions of the government, and his firm
was one of the several syndicates which so
successfully funded the national debt and
made resumption of specie payment possible
at the date fixed by law. Morton, Rose &
Co., of London, were the first fiscal agents of
the United States government from 1873 un
til 1884, and reappointed in 1889. Mr.
Morton's firms were also active in the syndi
cates that negotiated the United States bonds,
and in the payraent of the Geneva award of
^15,500,000 and the Halifax fishery award
of §5,500,000.
Mr. Morton was appointed by President
Hayes, honorary commissioner of the United
States to the Paris Exhibition in 1878,
and in the same year was elected to the
Forty-sixth Congress from "Murray HiU"
(eleventh) District, in New York, as a Re
publican, receiving 14,078 votes against
7,060 votes for his opponent, a Tammany
Deraocrat. He was again returned in 1880,
frora the sarae district, by a largely increased
vote. Mr. Morton entered Congress, it is
said, as a diversion, but he found the office
to be one of dignity and responsibility
if conscientiously adrainistered. He was
elected from the wealthiest district in the
United States, and devoted himself with
scrupulous attention to the interests of his
constituents and to the affairs of the nation
at large. No raan in Congress led a busier
life. His special aptitude for finance natur
ally led him to pay particular attention to
this department of legislation, and his
speeches in the House on this subject were
notable for their straightforward, plain, busi
nesslike presentation of facts and for the
speaker's logical inferences based thereon.
PersonaUy he was one of the raost popular
raen in Congress. Among its members,
comprising men of aU parties and profes
sions and from every walk in life, he had no
personal enemies. No suspicion of jobbery
ever attached to his name. Possessed of
ample raeans and culture, he stood in our
halls of legislation a typical Araerican, the
blending of the patriot, the gentleraan, and
the business man.
Fond of society and the good things and
pleasures of life, he yet faithfully devoted
hiraself to his duties first, attaching no less
iraportance to his public demands than to
his private business. Indeed, he labored as
dihgently in Congress as if his support de
pended upon it. At the tirae of the present
ation of the so-called " Warner Silver BiU "
in Congress, when the buUion value of the
silver dollar was about eighty-five cents, he
took strong grounds against its unhraited

MORTON.

109

coinage and the unhraited issue of silver cer
tificates against silver bulUon, and in a
speech delivered on May 15, 1879, declared
that he regarded the raeasure as a \-irtual
repudiation of one-sixth part of all indebted
ness, public and private, and could only
designate it as a " bill for the relief of the
owners of silver mines and silver bullion of
the United States and Europe." He advo
cated in a subsequent speech a suspension of
the coinage of silver until sorae action could
be taken jointly with European governraents,
which, in his opinion, would alone enable the
United States to raaintain a double, or gold
and silver standard. Notable among his
other Congressional speeches was one on
" Fish and Fish Culture, Its Importance to
the Industries and Wealth of the Nation," and
also on " Immigration, Its National Char
acter and Importance to the Industries and
Development of the Country." In the latter
he took strong ground in favor of the en
couragement of imraigration, and advocated
the passage of a uniforra national law for the
protection of iraraigrants coming to our
shores. He took a deep interest in international
politics and in the relations of the United
States with foreign countries, which fact
doubtless led to his appointment as a mem
ber of the committee of foreign affairs in
the Forty-sixth Congress. At the Chicago
convention in 1880, after the noraination of
General Garfield, Mr. Morton was tendered
the noraination for Vice-President by dele
gations frora Ohio and other states but
declined to accept on the ground that he
preferred the more active duties of a mem
ber of Congress. Shortly after the election
of General Garfield to the presidency, a
large number of the newspapers of the
country favored his selection as Secretary of
the Treasury. When the cabinet was being
made up, Mr. Morton was offered his choice
of a seat in it as Secretary of the Navy or
the French mission. He chose the latter,
and his name being sent to the Senate by
the President, his appointment as envoy ex
traordinary and minister plenipotentiary of
the United States to France was unanimous
ly confirraed on March 17, 1881. Resign
ing his seat in the Forty-seventh Congress he
proceeded to France and presented his cre
dentials to President Grevy, on August i,
1881. To the duties of that iraportant mis
sion Mr. Morton brought conceded abilities
and qualifies which peculiarly fitted hira for
the position. These, together with his
wealth and hospitatity, speedUy endeared
hira to the French people and governraent,
to whora he proved acceptable in every par
ticular. Through his intercessions the re
strictions upon the iraportation of American
pork were reraoved by the French govern-

NASH.

NASH.

raent in an official decree published Nov.
27, 1883, but the prohibitory decree was
subsequently renewed by the legislative
body. He secured also the recognition of
Araerican corporations in France. Mr.
Morton drove the first rivet in the Bartholdi
statue "Liberty Enlightening the World,"
and accepted the corapleted statue for his
government on July 4, 1884. He was Amer
ican coraraissioner general to the Paris
Electrical Exposition, and the representa
tive of the United States at the Sub-Marine
Cable Convention. Mr. Morton resigned
the raission to France after the inaugura
tion of President Cleveland, in 1885, and
returned to the United States in July of
that year.
He was nominated for the vice-presidency
by the Republican convention at Chicago in
1888, receiving 581 votes against 234 votes
for other candidates. He was elected in
November, 1888, and inaugurated as Vice-
President on March 4, 1889. He proved a
raodel presiding officer, discharging the du
ties of the exalted position with an ability,
impartiality, and dignity which gained the
praises of aU without regard to party dis
tinctions, even at a time when party spirit
ran high over most iraportant raeasures cora
ing before the United States Senate. At the
great encarapment of the Grand Army of
the Republic at Washington in September,
1882, in the name of the United States ; hke-
wise at the dedicatory service of the World's
Columbian Exposition at Chicago, Oct. 21,
1892, he made the address of welcorae, ac
cepting the buildings "in the narae of the
governraent of the United States" and dedi
cating thera to "humanity." Mr. Morton is
noted for his hospitahty, and his historic resi

dence in Washington and his horae, EUersUe,
at Rbinecliff on the Hudson, are aU appointed
and conducted with taste and elegance. He
has been likewise prorainent in works of
charity. When Congress placed the United States
ship Constellation at the disposal of those de
siring to send stores for the relief of starving
Ireland during the great faraine there, and
when the project of forwarding the bread-
stuffs and provisions seemed likely to fail,
Mr. Morton came forward and offered to pay
for one-fourth of the cargo, although his inti
mate friends knew itwas his intention to pay
tbe entire cost rather than have the project
miscarry. Another well remembered case in
which Mr. Morton's bounty was timely and
of great service to a large nuraber of work-
ingmen was that of the Rockaway Beach
Improveraent Co. The originators of that
organization becarae involved in financial
ruin. At least five hundred workingmen
were unable to obtain their wages and
were experiencing aU the sad consequences
of such deprivation. Certificates of indebt
edness were issued instead of money, but
these were of no value to the men who
needed food for the suffering families. At
this critical juncture Mr. Morton's banking
house joined tbat of Messrs. Drexel, Morgan
& Co., and the two houses contributed
Si 00,000 for the immediate relief of the
workingmen. The degree of LL. D. was conferred upon
Mr. Morton by Dartmouth College July 14,
1881, and by Middlebury CoUege in 1882.
Mr. Morton was raarried in 1873 to Anna
L. Street, and bas five children, viz : Edith,
Lina K., Helen, AUce, and Mary.

NASH, Henry H., was born at Benson,
August 19, 1821, tbe son of Levi and Abigail
(Howard) Nash. His boyhood was passed
on his father's farra, and his education was
received in the public schools.
At the age of eighteen he began life for
hiraself as clerk in a dry goods store at
Whitehall, N. Y., afterwards serving as teUer
in the Whitehall Bank. Having accuraulated
a small capital, he became interested in the
operation of a line of boats on the Hudson
River Canal and Lake Charaplain, under
the firra narae of Stark, Nash & Tisdale.
Great prosperity for a tirae followed this
enterprise, but disaster overtook it, and Mr.
Nash found the accuraulation of years sud
denly swept away and was obliged to begin
life anew.
After an experience of two years in the
raanufacturing business at Owego, N. Y^, he

deterrained to move West, aud in 1857
located in Chicago, his judgment convinc
ing him that'it was destined to becorae the
raetropolis of the West. His first employ
ment was in the land departraent of the
Ilhnois Central RaUroad Co. He made
good use of his opportunities, and by close
attention soon established a reputation as a
careful and rehable man, and held a high
place in the confidence and esteem of his
employers. In 1864 he severed his connec
tion with the railroad corapany to accept
the position of cashier at the United States
sub-treasury, which had been recently estab
lished at Chicago. This office, with the
sub-treasuries at Cincinnati and St. Louis,
were the principal offices for the disburse
ment of Government funds in the West and
Northwest. After the commencement of
the war, the city of Chicago was made a

NASH.

NEWELL.

point for the purchase and distribution of
suppUes for the army, and the office becarae
one of rauch importance, the receipts and
disburseraents during the terra of Mr. Nash's
service araounting to upward of forty raiUion
dollars. He resigned his position in the
sub-treasury to accept the cashiership of the
National Bank of Ilhnois, a position which
he held for eight years.

Association of the Sons of Verraont, in the
growth and success of which he took a deep
interest. Mr. Nash was weU versed in literary mat
ters ; kept himself in touch with the trend of
current thought, and this, combined vvith his
clear knowledge of men and things, gained
frora travel and observation, raade hira a
most engaging and instructive conversation
alist. He made friends easily, and in aU his
varied relations sustained the character of a
high-minded, genial gentleraan. He was
reared under Congregational influences, but
his religious views were untrammeled by nar
rowness. He regularly attended the Third
Presbyterian Church of Chicago. In politics
he was an ardent Repubhcan.
On Sept. 6, 1848, he married Miss Lydia,
a daughter of Mr. Florus D. Meacham, of
Whitehall, N. Y"., who survives him.
Henry H. Nash attained to an honorable
place among Chicago's successful business
raen, by energy, enterprise and a strict
adherence to correct business principles.
In his decease, which occured in Novera
ber, 1892, Chicago lost an honored citizen,
and those in close relation with him, a
trusted friend.
NEWELL, Henry Albert, of New
York City, son of Oliver Porter and Orilla
M. (Perkins) NeweU, was born April 26,
1 84 1, at Londonderrv,

HENRY H. NASH.

He was one of the founders of the Chicago
National Bank, which began business in 1882.
He served as cashier of this institution for
five years, wben be was chosen vice-presi
dent and held that office at tbe time of his
decease. During his connection with the
bank he was president of the Chicago Clear
ing House for two terras.
Mr. Nash was always a busy man and in
terested hiraseU in all raatters of pubUc ira
portance. In coraraercial circles he was re
garded as one of the shrewdest and safest of
financiers. His word was as good as gold.
He was a raan of retiring disposition, but
genial, kind-hearted and charitable almost to
a fauh. He took the keenest interest in all
that related to Chicago, its history, growth
and development, and was for raany years an
active raember of the Chicago Historical So
ciety, of which he was treasurer up to the
time of his death. He was a meraber of the
Sons of the Revolution, and Union League
and Illinois Clubs. In early life he belonged
to the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders. He
was a devoted son of the Green Mountain
state was one of the founders of the Illinois

;<^^^^

HENRY ALBERT NEWELL

Mr. Newell was brought up on a farm
until fifteen years of age, and received the

NEWTON.

NEWTON.

advantages of the district schools and acad
eraies, when he went to Boston to enter the
employ of an uncle in the railk business.
After three years' service, he was employed
by the Metropohtan Railroad Co. of that
city, and reraained two years. He then, in
1861, joined the R. Sands Great Araerican
Circus, and eight years later became super
intendent of the Broadway and Seventh Ave
nue R. R. of New York, which position he
held until the acquisition of that property by
the Metropolitan Street Railroad Co., wiiich
operates the Broadway cable road, as weU as
the Seventh Avenue, University Place, Twen
ty-third Street, Thirty-fourth Street, Fulton
Ferry, Brooklyn Bridge, Bleecker Street, Sixth
Avenue, Vesey Street, Desbrosses Street
Ferry, Amsterdara Avenue, and South Ferry,
and of which roads he has been the superin
tendent since they carae under this cora-
pany's control. He is also a director in the
South Ferry R. R.
Mr. Newell is a prorainent Mason, and
raeraber of the Hope Lodge, 244, of which
he has for raany years been treasurer and a
trustee. He is also an Odd Fellow and
meraber of Lodge No. 119. In reUgious
preference he is a Presbyterian.
He was raarried in GranviUe, N. Y., June
23, 1870, to Mattie R. Manley, daughter of
R. F. and Nancy J. Manley. They have five
children.
NEWTON, Charles Marshall, of
Middletown, Conn., son of Marshall and
Nancy (Tufts) Newton, was born Oct. 31,
1846, at Newfane.
Mr. Newton's father, grandfather, and his
uncle. Rev. E. H. Newton, D.D., are promi
nently mentioned in the history of Newfane.
The Rev. James Tufts, his grandfather, for
forty years the pastor of the Congregational
church at Wardsboro, was "a strong man of
wise influence" says the History of Wards
boro. The patriotisra of the faraily'is shown
by the service of Marshall Newton, Sr., his
great-grandfather, an officer in the French
and Indian war ; the seven years service of
his grandfather, MarshaU Newton, Jr., in the
war of the Revolution; the service of his
brothers, John — four years in the i8th U. S.
Inft., and Jaraes HoUand — two enlistraents,
at eighteen and twenty, in the 9th and 17th
Vt. Vols., who was killed while leading his
corapany in the last grand charge at Spott
sylvania, May 12,1864.
The subject of this sketch attended the
district and select schools until the age of
sixteen, when (July i, 1863) he enhsted in
Co. L, ist Vt. Heavy ArtiUery. Mr. Newton's
corapany was ordered to Rutiand to enforce
the draft, thence to Ft. Slocura, Md., and in
the spring of 1864 his regiinent was assigned
to tbe ist Vt. Brigade, Sixth Corps, Array of

the Potomac, in whose battles and hardships
he participated to the close of the war. He
was raustered out as sergeant August 23, 1865.
June 23,. 1864, while before Petersburg,
Sergeant Newton, though disabled and on
hospital roU, insisted on going into action
with his company. During the action
Major Fleming, noticing his condition, or
dered hira to the rear with his horse, to
which circurastance he owes his escape from
capture and iraprisonraent in Andersonville,
being the only raan of his company who
went into the action who was not taken
prisoner. In August following, being dis
abled, he narrowly escaped capture by Mos-
by's men in the Shenandoah VaUey. He
was picked up by an ambulance and con
veyed to Harwood Hospital, Washington,
and on the i st of January following, with his

CHARLES MARSHALL NEWTON.
wound unhealed, he voluntarily joined his
company before Petersburg, to share its
hardships and participate in the closing
scenes and final victory at Appomattox.
These incidents are referred to and highly
commended by bis commanding officer,
LieutenantColonel D. J. Safford, in his en
dorsement of Mr. Newton's army record,
filed at Washington, but now in Mr. New
ton's possession. A pension, to date from
his discharge, was issued to Mr. Newton
AprU 24, 1885.
Since 1872 Mr. Newton has conducted a
clothing business in Middletown, Conn., and
enjoys the confidence of his townsmen as

NEWTON.

NEWTON.

113

shown by his service for several terras in the
court of common council. In 1890 he re
ceived a strong endorsement for postmaster,
but accepted the appointraent of United
States postal card agent, which office he
held from Feb. 10, 1890, to June 15, 1893.
In 1870 and 1871 he was appointed
assistant inspector G. A. R., Departraent of
Massachusetts. He was a charter raeraber
of Dexter Post, No. 38, Brookfield, Mass.,
and is now a charter raember of Mansfield
Post, No. 53, Middletown, Conn. He is
also a member of the Society of the Army of
the Potomac, the Army and Navy Club of
Connecticut, Vermont Officers' Society, and
First Vermont Heavy Artillery. Mr. New
ton is a prominent member of the Republi
can Club and is also a member of McDon
ough Lodge Knights of Honor.
He was married, March 26, 1874, to Mary
C, daughter of Timothy and Julia (Stratton)
Boardraan, and has one son, Jaraes HoUand
Newton.
NEWTON, William Henry, of WaU
ingford, Conn., son of MarshaU and Nancy
(Tufts) Newton, was born June 25, 1850, at
Newfane and received his education there
and at Rev. Jaraes Tufts's school at Monson,
Mass. In 1869 Mr. Newton began his business
hfe with Winslow & Park and remained there
and with their successors, J. D. Holbrook &
Co.,untU 1872. He then raoved to Middle-
town, Conn., and becarae a clerk for his
brother, C. M. Newton, untd 1875, when he
was appointed to a clerkship in the First
National Bank, a position he had desired
since boyhood. His sterhng quahties were
rewarded in the faU of 1881 by his present
position of cashier of the First National Bank
of WaUingford, which institution began busi
ness Jan. I, 1882.
Mr. Newton is an ardent Repubhcan and
takes an active part in local, state and national
carapaigns. He was elected town treasurer
in 1885, receiving a fiattering raajority, al
though the normal vote is usually strongly
Democratic. He also served as treasurer of
the Borough in 1889, was elected to the court
of Burgesses, and the following year was made
warden of the Borough of WaUingford. To
this office he was re-elected in 1891 and again
in 1892. In the 1894 elections Mr. Newton
was again elected to this iraportant position,
and the following is frora the Meriden Repub
lican :
"The result of Saturday's election is a hne
tribute to the high regard the people of the
borough have for its warden. Mr. Newton
has now held the office three terms success
ively, and, although his personal wishes are
and have been to drop the responsibihties of
the chief office of the borough, his fellow citi

zens have been unwUling to perrait him to
do so. His administration of the office has
been characterized by the utmost fairness and
respect for everybody's rights. Possessed
of rare business qualifications they have been
exercised for the welfare of the borough, the
result being seen in the showing made in the
annual reports. The fact that his adrainis
tration of the raunicipal governraent is so
overwhelmingly endorsed by so large a raa
jority of the residents of the borough, not
withstanding an organized effort to defeat
him, is certainly a cause for congratulation,
in which the Repubhcan heartily joins. Mr.
Newton is a staunch Republican in politics,
and the borough is overwhelmingly Derao
cratic. But in bis administration of affairs

WILLIAM HENRY NEWTON.

he has known neither RepubUcan nor Demo
crat, and this with his personal popularity
gave him a majority never before exceeded."
Mr. Newton has also taken an active part
in the mUitary service of his state. In 1887
he was appointed paymaster of the 2d Regt.
C. N. G., by Colonel Leavenworth, and
served on the latter's staff" with rank of
second lieutenant for two years and received
a re-appointment by Colonel Leavenworth's
successor. Col. John B. Doherty, and re
signed his coraraission in 1892.
Mr. Newton is a raeraber of tbe First
Congregational Church, and in social organ
izations he is prorainent, being a Past Mas
ter of Compass Lodge, F. & A. M., and
meraber of Keystone Chapter, of Meriden,

114

NEWTON.

NEWTON.

and of the Republican League Club, of New
Haven, and Arcanura Club, of WaUingford.
Mr. Newton was married, Oct. 13, 1881,
to Alice E. Dickenson, daughter of Dana
D. and Eliza A. Dickenson, of WUliamsville.
They had two children : Elsie M., and
Mabel S. (deceased).
NEWTON, Daniel H., of Holyoke,
Mass., son of Jaraes and Esther (Hale)
Newton, was born in Hubbardston, Mass.,
June 22, 1827.

tive in 1869 to the Great and General Court
at Boston, and was chairraan of Holyoke
Board of Health frora 1880 to 1883.
Mr. Newton is president of the Hoosac
Tunnel & WUraington R. R., director in the
Massachusetts Screw Co., the Chemical Paper
Co., and the Home National Bank of Hol
yoke. Mr. Newton is also a director of the
Holyoke Board of Trade, and a fellow of the
American Geographical Society.
NEWTON, JOHN C, of Holyoke,
Mass., son of James and Esther (Hale)
Newton, is, by adoption at least, a Vermon
ter. His identification with the interests of
our state and the great work of development
which the Newton brothers have pursued in
the southern part of the state entitles them
to recognition in this work. Mr. Newton
was educated at Westminster, Vt., and the
State Norraal School at Westfield, Mass.
The great building and luraber operations of
the firra of Jaraes Newton & Sons in Hob
yoke, Mass., resulted in the construction of
the Harapden Paper MiUs, araong other ex
tensive works, of which Mr. J. C. Newton

DANIEL H. NEWTON.

He removed to Greenfield, Mass., in 1835,
and to Holyoke in December, 1873. Mr.
Newton was educated at Goodale Academy
and WiUiston Serainary, and is one of the
successful firra of Newton Bros., who have
done so rauch toward the developraent of
the Deerfield Valley. Mr. Newton was first
engaged in the luraber business with his
father from 1848 to 187 1, and then for ten
years was a member of the firm of D. H. &
J. C. Newton, raill engineers, builders, and
contractors at Holyoke, and in this connec
tion did rauch toward the upbuilding of that
city. But the greatest work of Mr. Newton
was perforraed in connection with his two
brothers, John C. and Moses Newton, in the
developraent of the Deerfield VaUey, in the
business enterprises of which he has been a
leading proprietor and owner.
Mr. Newton was a meraber of the Green
field school coraraittee in 1855, and the
treasurer of Franklin county, Mass., frora
1 86 1 to 1864. He was elected representa-

JOHN C. NEWTON.

was the projector. Of this corporation he
was the treasurer until the miU was sold in
1871. In 1873, in order to supply the great
needs of the firm for spruce lumber, the ex
tensive steara saw miU at Newport, Vt., was
purchased. Mr. Newton's activity and busi
ness sagacity have been leading factors in
the great enterprises carried on in this state.

NEWTON.

115

The scene of their principal operations in
the state to-day is on the Deerfield River,
where just below the junction of East Branch
and two railes west of the village of Wil
mington, a large dam is being erected to
furnish power for a wood pulp and saw miU
which the Newtons are about to build.
Mr. Newton is president of the Massachu
setts Screw Co. ; president of the Chemical
Paper Co. ; director in the Norman Paper
Co. ; director of the Horae National Bank of
Holyoke ; director in the Hoosac Tunnel &
WUraington R. R. Co. ; director in the Deer
field River Co. ; the National Metal Edge
Box Co., of Readsboro, Vt. ; president of the
WUraington Grain and Lumber Co., and is
vice-president and general raanager of the
Des Moines & Kansas City R. R. Co., of
Iowa. NEWTON, MOSES, of Holyoke, Mass.,
son of Jaraes and Esther (Hale) Newton, was
born in Hubbardston, Mass., Oct. 27, 1833.

MOSES NEWTON.
Mr. Newton was educated at Deerfield,
Mass.', and at Westminster, and was asso
ciated .with his father and brothers m the
manufacture of lumber frora 1848 to 1867,
and in 1868 first engaged in raaking paper
in Holyoke, Mass.
Mr. Newton became interested m the en
terprises of his brothers in the Deerfield
VaUey in 1882 and the great dam at Reads
boro, having a faU of eighty feet, and the
pulp mill at this point were buUt the sarae

year. The narrow gauge railroad frora
Readsboro to Hoosac Tunnel Station on the
Fitchburg railroad was opened in 1885 and
the steara saw miU at Readsboro buUt. In
1S87 the Readsboro Chair Corapany was
organized. In connection with the state of
Vermont and the town of Readsboro the
railroad constructed the high iron bridge,
375 feet long, and the railroad extended
though the village of Readsboro in 1890. In
1888 finding a storage of water necessary for
the use of the mills upon the stream, the
overflow of the Sadawga Pond was raised
six feet, at a large expense. In 1888 the
Wilmington Grain and Lumber Co. was or
ganized. In 1889 the Hotel Raponda was built. This
was enlarged in 1892 to accommodate one
hundred guests, and Hosea Mann, Jr., was
the principal owner and raanager. The rail
road was extended to Wilmington in 1891.
Mr. Newton was a meraber of the Board
of Holyoke Water Commissioners from 1886
to 1892, and is at the present time president
of the Newton Paper Co., of the George C.
GiU Paper Co., treasurer of the Cheraical
Paper Co., and director of the Home Na
tional Bank, of Holyoke, and president of
the Deerfield River Co., the National Metal
Edge Box Co., and the Readsboro Chair Co.,
director in the Hoosac Tunnel & Wilmington
R. R., and the Wilmington Grain and Lura
ber Co.
NOBLE Henry Smith, of Middletown,
Conn., son of A. Sraith and Susan (Patrick)
Noble, was born Oct. 8, 1845, at Hinesburgh.
Dr. Noble made fuU use of the common
schools and the academy of his native town
in beginning his education and also the Green
Mountain Institute at South Woodstock,
where he was a teacher, at the sarae time fit
ting hiraself for raatriculation at Tufts Col
lege. At this college he received the degree
of A. B., graduating second in the class of
1869. He then began the study of raedicine
with Dr. D. W. Plazleton of Cavendish, and
took the 'first course of lectures at Verraont
University, Burhngton, and the second course
and degree of M. D. at the College of Physi
cians and Surgeons in New York City in
1871. Following graduation he passed a year at
the Hartford, Conn., City Hospital and began
the practice of his profession at Chester in
1872, where he reraained until the fall of
1879. In 1880 hewas appointed second as
sistant physician at Hartford retreat and in
1880 became assistant at the Connecticut
Hospital for Insane and occupied the same
position in the Michigan Asylura for Insane
in 1882, returning to the Connecticut Hos
pital in 1884.

ii6

OLDS.

PAGE.

Dr. Noble passed the suraraer of 1886 in
study and recreation in Europe and while
abroad received his present appointraent of
first assistant physician of the Connecticut
Hospital for the Insane.
He is a raember of Ohve Branch Lodge,
F. & A. M., Chester, and of the Middlesex
County Medical Society, and Connecticut
State Medical Society, the American Acad
emy of Medicine, and of the American
Medico-Psychological Association.
Dr. Noble was married March 14, 187 1,
at Rochester, to Edna J. Chaffee, daughter
of John and Rose LoweU Chaffee.

NORTON, JESSE O., was born in
Vermont; graduated at Williams College;
emigrated to Illinois in 1839 '> studied law
and carae to the bar in 1840; was a mem
ber, in 1847, of the state constitutional con
vention ; was a raeraber of the state Legis
lature in 185 1 and 1852; was elected a
representative frora Illinois to the Thirty-
third and Thirty-fourth Congresses; in 1857
was elected judge of the eleventh judicial
district of Ilhnois, holding the office untU
1862; and in 1863 was re-elected a repre
sentative to Congress.

OLDS, Edson B., was born in Verraont,
and a representative in Congress from Ohio,
from 1849 to 1855. In 1862 he was for a
short time imprisoned in Fort Lafayette for
supposed disloyalty, and while there con
fined, he was elected a raember of the
Asserably of Ohio, having previously served
six years in the state Legislature, and has
been speaker of the Senate.
OTIS, JOHN Grant, of Topeka, Kan.,
was born in Danby, Feb. 10, 1838, took an
acaderaie course at Burr Serainary, attended
one year at WiUiaras CoUege, and one year
at Harvard Law School ; was adraitted to the
bar of Rutland county in the spring of 1859 ;
reraoved to Kansas in May, sarae year, and
located at Topeka, where he has since re
sided ; took an active part in recruiting the
first colored regiment of Kansas in 1862 ;
was a member of infantry company in 2d
Regt. of Vols, at the tirae of Price raid ; was
an ardent supporter of Abraham Lincoln;
since the war closed has been a raost un
compromising Greenbacker and advocate of
a new American monetary system in the inter

est of the industrial classes ; for over twenty
years has been engaged in dairy business
near Topeka ; has been a meraber of the
Grange for eighteen years ; is also a raember
of the P'armer's Alliance and Industrial
Union ; was state agent for the Grange from
1873 to 1875, and the state lecturer from
1889 to 1891 ; has always supported prohi
bition and equal suffrage ; was elected to the
Fifty-second Congress as a People's Party
candidate. OLIN, Abraham B., was born in Shafts
bury in 1812 ; graduated at WUliams College
in 1835 ; commenced the practice of law at
Troy, N. Y., in 1838; was for three years
recorder of the city of Troy, and was elected
a representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress
frora New York ; re-elected to the Thirty-
seventh Congress also. In 1863 he was ap
pointed by President Lincoln a judge of the
Suprerae Court of the District of Columbia.
His father, Gideon Ohn, was in Congress
frora Vermont during the administration of
President Jefferson. [See Part I for a sketch
of Gideon Olin.]

PAGE, Frank Wilfred, of Boston,
Mass., son of Lemuel W. and Susan G.
(Saunders) Page, was born in East Wilton,
N. H., August 24, 1843.
His father being a native of Burlington, he
returned with his parents to Burlington when
two years of age, after having also lived with
thera a short tirae in Boston, Mass. He was
educated in the private schools of Burling
ton and at the Union high school or Bur
lington Academy, entering the University of
Vermont in i860, and graduated therefrom
in the class of 1864, receiving the degree of
A. B. and that of A. M. in 1869. He began
the study of raedicine during his junior year
in college, and after graduation continued
the study of raedicine in the office and under
the tutelage of the late Dr. Samuel White

Thayer. He attended lectures in the medi
cal department of the University, and at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New
York City, graduating frora the former in
June, 1866.
He began the practice of his profession
in St. Peter, Minn., where he remained one
year. Returning in the fall of 1867 he
associated hiraself in partnership with Dr.
Olin G. Dyer, of Brandon. For nearly
eleven years he continued in the active
duties of his profession in Brandon. While
a resident of Brandon he becarae interested
in educational and kindred raatters, and for
several years was chairraan of the town
school board. Becoraing interested in ner
vous and mental diseases, on May i, 1878,
he gave up private practice to accept the

PARKER.

117

position of first assistant physician on the
medical staff of McLean Asylum for the
Insane, at Somerville, Mass. On retirement
of the raedical officer in charge, June i,
1879, he became superintendent, a position
he relinquished in December to open for the
managers, P'eb. i, 1880, the new Adams
Nervine Asylura, an institution situated at
Jamaica Plains, Mass., and founded by the
late Seth Adams, a wealthy sugar refiner, for
the benefit of nervous people not insane.
He remained in charge as superintendent
and resident physician until May 13, 1885,
when, after making the institution a great

FRANK WILFRED PAGE.
success, he declined a re-election. The
raanagers in their report for 1855 said of
hira : "He has had charge of the asylum
during the whole period of Us active exis
tence, raore than five years, and Us useful
ness and great success are largely due to his
professional skiU and his faithfulness, energy
and administrative capacity. The managers
desire to acknowledge the indebtedness of
the instUution to him for his valuable ser
vices, and to wish hira a prosperous and
successful future."
On his retirement from the superintend
ency of the Adams Asylum he was elected
one of the board of consulting physicians,
a position he stiU holds. Since May, 1885,
he has been engaged in the practice of his
specialty, that of nervous and raental dis
eases, in the city of Boston. In 1889 he
was e'lected by the trustees of Danvers Hos

pital for the Insane a meraber of the board
of consulting physicians.
Dr. Page was married, in August, 1870, to
Annah Amelia, daughter of Dr. Olin G.
Dyer, of Brandon. She died in Boston,
Sept. II, 1892.
He is a member of various medical socie
ties, and in politcs is naturally a staunch
Republican. PARKER, A. X., of Potsdam, N. Y., was
born in Addison county in 1831 ; reraoved
to Potsdara, N. Y'., at an early age; gradu
ated frora St. Lawrence Academy ; read law
and comraenced practice at Potsdara in 1856 ;
was a raeraber of the New York Assembly in
1863 ; was postmaster under President Lin
coln ; was state senator in 186 7, -'69, and the
first elector- at-large upon the Republican
ticket in 1876; was a raeraber of Congress
in 1883. He stiU practices his profession at
Potsdam. PARKER, George H., of Watertown,
South Dakota, son of Orrin C. and Julia
(Dickinson) Parker, was born at Montgom
ery, April 5, 1 84 1.

GEORGE H. PARKER.
He was educated in the comraon schools
and at Black River Acaderay at Ludlow, and
the New Harapton Institute at Fairfax where
he studied for the rainistry.
Mr. Parker was ordained to the Baptist
ministry at Montgoraery Center, Jan. 31,
1866. He served as pastor for varying pe-

n8

PARKER.

riods of one to five years at Berkshire Center,
Pamton, FelchviUe, Grafton, and North Troy,
at the latter place serving two pastorates cov
ering a period of seven years. During these
long terras he did much active and valuable
work organizing churches and securing need
ed accommodations and members. At East
Frankhn and South Jay he organized churches
and at the latter place assisted in the erec
tion of a church edifice. In 1886 he settled
in Watertown, South Dakota, and served
with marked success for three years.
In 1876-7 he was a meraber of the Legis
lature frora the town of Reading, Vt., and
served on the coraraittee on state prison.
Again frora the town of Troy he was elected
in 1884, serving on the committee on educa
tion and took an active part in all work. In
1890 he was elected county superintendent
of schools, for Codington county, South Da
kota. He was again elected on the Repub
lican ticket in 1892, receiving the largest
vote ever cast.
Mr. Parker enlisted at Bakersfield, August
26, 1861, as corporal of Company A, 5th
Regt. Vt. Vols., and was with the charge at
Lees Mills, in the battle of WiUiamsburg and
the Peninsula carapaign ; was severely wound
ed in the Seven Days fight before Richmond
at Goldens Farra. He was a prisoner at
Belle Isle and released August 3 and dis
charged by reason of his wounds in 1863.
Mr. Parker was twice coraraander of
Bailey Post, G. A. R., North Troy, and of
Freeraan Thayer Post, Watertown, S. D.
He was married at East Enosburg, Au
gust 14, 1864, to Arvilla E. Davis, daughter
of Talraon K. and Eraraa J. Davis, who died
April 23, 1873, leaving three children. He
was again married Nov. 14, 1874, at Wethers
field to Minerva E. Mitchell, daughter of
James and Dolly MitcheU.
PARKER, ISAAC AUGUSTUS, of Gales
burg, IU., son of Isaac and Lucia (Wood)
Parker, was born in South Woodstock, Dec.
31, 1825.
His early life was spent upon the farra and
in acquiring such an education as the dis
trict schools of the tirae afforded, and at sev
enteen he was a teacher in the common
schools in the vicinity of his native place.
Fitting for college at the Black River Acad
eray, Hancock (N. H.) Scientific and
Literary Institute (in which he taught
mathematics at the sarae tirae), and the
Green Mountain Liberal Institute, he entered
Dartraouth CoUege in 1849 and graduated
with the class of 1853. Mr. Parker while in
coUege was a raeraber of the Alpha Delta
Phi Society and at graduation was elected a
raeraber of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.
Soon after his graduation he accepted the
principalship of the Orleans Liberal Institute

at Glover, which he successfully filled for five
years. Hon. W. W. Grout, S. C. Shurtleff, 0.
L. French, and others, who have attained posi
tions of influence, were students in the institute
under his instruction. In 1 85 8 Mr. Parker re
signed his position to accept a larger field of
activity and became professor of ancient lan
guages in Lombard University and held this
position for ten years, when he was elected
WiUiamson professor of Greek in the same in
stitution and StiU holds this position. Profes
sor Parker has been for raore than thirty-five
years connected with Lorabard University
and is recognized on aU sides as one of the
leading instructors of the country, always
striving to inculcate habits of industry and
teaching young people to depend upon
their own resources for that success in life
which is the aira of every young raan.

ISAAC AUGUSTUS PARKER.
Dr. Parker is a raeraber of the board of
trustees of the Galesburgh Public Library and
was honored with the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy frora Buchtel CoUege, Akron, O.,
in 1892.
February 18, 1856, Mr. Parker was raarried
to Sarah A., daughter of WiUiara and Par-
thena (Whitmore) Labareeof Hartland. Of
this union were two children : Izah T., de
ceased, and WilUam A., a civU engineer in
Chicago. Mrs. Parker deceased in June,
1889. PARKER, Myron M., of Washington,
D. C, was born in Fairfax, in 1843, son of

PARKER.

119

TVIelvin V. and EmeUne (Story) Parker;
Tgrandson of Robert and Sophia Cross
Parker ; great-grandson of Robert Parker, a
private in the Revolutionary army ; grandson
-of Elija and Cressy Story ; great-grandson
of Elija Story of Fairfax, a soldier of the
Revolution ; great-grandson of Joseph and
Persis Wheeler Cross (Joseph Cross who
died in 1850, at the age of 103, served at
Lexington and Bunker HUl) ; great-grand
son of John Cressy, a native of Connecticut,
who served with the Continental army at
Brooklyn, White Plains, Brandywine, Ger
mantown, and Yorktown.

MYRON M. PARKER.
Young Parker was preparing for coUege at
the breaking out of the war, when he left
school and enhsted in the ist Vt. Cavalry,
with which command he served until the
-close of the war, and his record as a soldier
is one of the most brilhant. He located m
Washington, and in 1865 he received an ap
pointment in the War Departraent, where he
served several years.
In 1876 he graduated frora the law depart
raent of the Columbian University, and has
ever since taken a lively interest in that in
stitution, donating annuaUy to the post
graduate class the ¦' Myron M. Parker '
prize. In 1879 he was appointed assistant
postmaster of the city of Washington. He
-was secretary of the Washington coraraittee
¦o'n the cereraonies incident to the laying of
the corner stone of the Yorktown monument.
He was grand raaster of Masons in i884-'85

and officiated as such at the dedication of
the Washington raonument. He was chair
man of the triennial coraraittee to receive
and entertain the Grand Encarapment
Knights Teraplar of the United States at its
twenty-fourth conclave held in Washington.
He is the grand representative of the Grand
Lodge of Ireland and the Grand Lodges of
Pennsylvania, Virginia and Delaware. He
was a raeraber of the executive coraraittee
having in charge the inauguration of Presi
dent Garfield, and was vice chairraan of the
inaugural coraraittee for President Harrison ;
he was also chairman of the coraraittee on
civic organizations, and was raarshal of the
fifth division in the inaugural parade. At
the second inauguration of President Cleve
land he was a raeraber of the citizens' cora
raittee, and was a special aid on the staff of
General McMahon, the chief marshal.
Like nearly all Verraonters Mr. Parker is
a Repubhcan, and during the second cara
paign of President Harrison was appointed
on the advisory committee of the national
coraraittee. He has always been interested in the ad-
^'anceraent of Washington and has taken a
leading part in all public enterprises, con
tributing largely of his time and means. He
was one of the promoters of the proposed
constitutional convention in 1 889, the World's
Columbian Exposition in 1892, and was one
of the three selected to present the claims of
Washington before the coraraittee of Con
gress. He is secretary of the Washington
Meraorial Association.
Mr. Parker has been an enthusiastic ex
ponent and behever in the future greatness
of Washington, and has been closely identi
fied with her growth. In 1880 he actively
engaged in the real estate business, meeting
with great success, his annual transactions
running into the miUions, and in which he
has massed a fortune. He has been identi
fied with raany of the financial institutions.
He is also a director in the Colurabia Na
tional Bank, the Araerican Security and
Trust Co., the, Colurabia Fire Insurance Co.,
the Colurabia Title Insurance Co., the Eck-
ington and Soldiers Horae R. R., the Atlantic
Building Co. and the United States Electric
Light Co. He was vice-president of the
Brightwood R. R., and in charitable insti
tutions is a director in the Washington
Hospital for Foundlings, the Training School
for Nurses, and the Emergency Hospital.
He was one of the organizers of the 'Wash
ington Board of Trade, and for several years
¦ was its president.
In 1876 he married Miss Nellie L. Gris
wold. They have four children, three girls
and one boy, and reside on Verraont avenue.
Mr. Parker retains all his old tirae affec
tion and loyalty to his native state, has

PARMELEE.

PARTRIDGE.

always retained interests there, and pays
annual visits to his home in Cambridge,
where his mother and only brother and
sister reside.
Mr. Parker was appointed by Governor
Fuller a delegate at large to tbe National
Ship Canal Convention in 1893.
Mr. Parker was appointed by President
Harrison commissioner of the District of
Columbia on Feb. 14, 1893, and is at present
serving his terra of office.
PARMELEE, EDWARD CARROLL, of
Denver, Colo., son of Lucius and Ann Wal
lace Parraelee, was born at Waterbury, May
16, 1835.
Mr. Parraelee was educated at the pubhc
schools of his native town and at Johnson
Academy and during his younger days was a
clerk in the village store. Seeking to widen
the field of his operations he went W'est in
the spring of 1853 and for the past thirty
years has been extensively engaged in raining
and in abstract business.
The esteera in which Mr. Parraelee is held
by his feUow-citizens is shown by the iraport
ant positions given him at various times. In
1872 he was a raeraber of the Territorial
Legislature frora Clear Creek county ; and
from 1878 to 1882 he held the office of post
raaster at Georgetown.
Mr. Parraelee is prorainent in Masonic
circles, holding the title of Grand Secretary,
F. & A. M., frora 1866 up to the present, and
also of the Royal Arch Masons since 1875.
He is also Grand Recorder of the Knights
Teraplar, holding the office since 1876, and
has received the 33d degree, Scottish Rite.
PARTRIDGE, GEORGE, of San Fran
cisco, son of Oramel and Lucy (Capron)
Partridge, was born in Randolph Centre,
August 22, 1829. His father was a native of
Norwich, and a relative of Capt. Alden Part
ridge, first superintendent of West Point,
and founder of Norwich University. His
mother was born in WiUiamstown.
In his boyhood he learned the trade of his
father, a leading manufacturer of furniture
and sleighs. His mechanical tastes led him
into an adventure, when seventeen years old,
which proved a serious episode in his hfe,
and changed his future plans. For diversion
he made a printing press, though he had
never seen one, and printed a paper called
the Autumn Leat After three issues he made
a larger press, got more type, and launched
the Enterprise, with the help of a few boys.
The editors were the late Rev. G. V. Max
hara and Prof. Truman H. Safford, then in
their teens, the latter then a prodigy in
raatheraatics. This was printed one year,
about one thousand circulation. It was suc
ceeded by The Nonpareil, but unable alone

to carry the undertaking, he arranged its
printing in Hartford, Conn., with an edition
at both places. It was edited by D. W.
Bartlett, since noted in journalisra, and W.
H. Burleigh., It was a beautiful monthly
quarto, its writers eminent in Uterature, and
had a large circulation, but lived only one
year, ending 1850. This interesting period
of his life is narrated to raake a record of
the press of Randolph.

GEORGE PARTRIDGE.

During this play with type and papers,
which proved very serious work, Mr. Part
ridge fitted for coUege at the viUage academy,
improving vacations with the profound law
yer and scholar, WiUiam Nutting, and in 1850
entered Araherst CoUege, graduating in 1854.
He went at once to Alabaraa as a private tutor.
The next year he was professor in Tuskegea
Female CoUege, and then principal of Hous
ton (Tex.) Acaderay, the first graded high
school of that city. In 1859 he settied in
St. Louis as a lawyer, having qualified mean
tirae and been adrahted to the bar. When
tbe war began, it was his fortune to be ap
pointed by General Freraont as attorney of the
first railitary commissions organized by him
for the trial of sorae two hundred rebel pris
oners. This done he was appointed to sim
ilar duty in the department of the provost
marshal general for Missouri, being promoted
to assistant. He had special charge of the
cases of the prisoners in the faraous Gratiot
prison. This position he held under Fre-

PEARSONS.

PEARSONS.

mont, HaUeck, Schofield, Curtis and Ketch-
um, retiring in 1863.
During his residence in the South he wrote
letters for the Springfield Republican on
Southern life and pohtics, and also in St.
Louis a current history of the war in Mis
souri, in aU eight years connected with that
paper as correspondent. In 1872 he was
nominated by the Republicans of St. Louis
for the Legislature.
In 1865 he became interested in the
petroleum industry, desiring a more active
life, and put down nine wells in Kentucky
and Ohio, only one yielding oil and that the
heavy grade practically worthless for want
of market. At this juncture he visited Ran
dolph, in 1866, and placed a few barrels
with miUs and notably induced the incredu
lous Vermont Central R. R. to risk ten gal
lons. This was the first petroleum lubricat
ing oil ever used in Vermont. In a few
months it becarae universal. He returned
to St. Louis, introduced it there, and also
the first high test burning oU, erecting the
third refinery west of Cleveland, and built
up a large wholesale trade. When, in 1877,
the Standard Oil Co. secured nearly aU the
refineries in the United States he sold his
refinery to that corapany, and soon after
retired frora the oU business. He then en
gaged in silver mining in LeadviUe, CoL,
erected a smelter and became as proficient
in mining as he had been in oU. He is now
engaged in oil and raining business in San
Francisco. He is vice-president of the
Pacific Coast Vermont Association.
In i860 he was raarried to A. Augusta
Thompson, of West Avon, Conn., who
became widely known for her Sunday school
writings and work. They have four daugh
ters : Jennie, Alice and Grace (twins), the
latter now Mrs. Ira C. Hays, and NeUie, all
residing in San Francisco.
PEARSONS, Daniel Kimball, of
Chicago, IU., was born in Bradford in 1820.
His mother was a descendant of Israel Put
nara. He was educated in the coraraon schools
and at sixteen years of age began his career
as a school teacher, which he continued five
years. With the funds saved he took a
raedical course at Woodstock, Vt., and he
practiced medicine in Chicopee, Mass.,
untU 1853. In 1857 he went to Illinois and
engaged in farraing, but removed to Chicago
and engaged in real estate business and soon
acquired a reputation as a financier.
He was elected alderman of the first ward
in Chicago. WhUe in this capacity through
pledges on behalf of the city and himself he
secured a large loan at the East, rauch
needed by tbe city, wbich was in a deplor

able financial condition, and thus restored
the credit of Chicago.
Dr. Pearsons is one of the shrewdest busi
ness men in that city and a man of great
benevolence as well, devoting the same at
tention to his benevolence as to his business ;
in all he has given over Si, 000,000. His first
great gifts to educational institutions were in
recognition of the Christian ministry of the
priraitive New England starap, the founders
of acaderaies and colleges, and the leaders of
elevated public opinion. His career of
giving began in 1887 when he gave the
McCorraick Theological Serainary ^50,000
to establish a permanent fund in aid of

DANIEL KIMBALL PEARSONS.
young men studying for the rainistry. To
the Presbyterian Hospital be donated ^60,-
000, besides superintending the construction
of the buUding. He gave g 100,000 to Lake
Forest and §100,000 to Beloit College, and
at an expense of §25,000, buUt Chapin Hall,
afterwards giving the college §100,000 as a
single gift. He has since erected Pearsons'
Science Hall for the sarae institution at a
cost of over §60,000. Taking into account
the rise in value of real estate donated by
him to Beloit, his benefactions raay be esti
mated at $200,000. Dr. Pearsons gave
Knox CoUege §50,000, and at last com
mencement ofifered a like araount on con
dition that the directors Should raise §200,-
000 in two years. In the spring of 1892 Dr.
Pearsons becarae interested in the life and
labors of the late Dr. Ward of Yankton Col-

PERRY.

PERRY.

lege. South Dakota, and ofifered the trustees
of that college §50,000 with which to con
struct a hall to bear tbe narae of Dr. Ward,
on a condition which they easily fulfiUed ; a
similar offer of §50,000 was made to Colo
rado College, and still another of §50,000 to
Drury College.
Dr. Pearsons has been an extensive trav
eler within his own and in foreign lands.
He has visited Europe three tiraes and but
recently returned from Egypt.
Dr. Pearsons is a director of the Chicago
City Railway Co., the American Exchange
National Bank and other financial institu
tions of Chicago. His favorite investments
have been in real property. He purchased
large tracts of tiraber lands in Michigan
which yielded iraraense profits. Dr. Pear
sons is the original founder of the society
Sons of Verraont in Chicago. He was the
fourth president of the society, always a prom
inent advocate and influential adviser in mat
ters of interest to Verraonters and the Vermont
society. A quotation or two from Dr. Pear
sons' speech, at the fourteenth annual ban
quet of the society, raight serve as an illustra
tion of what his experience has been : "The
successful raen of the country are not those
whose cradles were rocked by hired nurses,
and who never knew an ungratified wish as
children ; they are those who as boys did
chores for their keep, and were glad to get
the job ; laid stone wall, ploughed rough
fields and fought their way through school
and coUege poorly clad, fed and housed."
Speaking of some of the successful men of
Verraont, Dr. Pearsons said : "They went
from the hiUs and frora the meadows of Ver
mont with muscles toughened, not by the
use of the oar, but that of axe and plow, and
with wits sharpened by the privations of
their boyhood." In closing. Dr. Pearsons
made the following characteristic remarks :
"Grit raakes the raan, the want of it the
churap ; the men who win lay hold, hang on
and hump."
Dr. Pearsons was married in 1847 to Miss
Marietta Chapin, of Massachusetts, a woraan
ofthe true New England type, who enters
heartily into her husband's raethod of benev
olent work. She presides with womanly
grace over his elegant and happy home in
Hinsdale, one of Chicago's beautiful suburbs.
PERRY, Aaron F., was born at Leicester,
Jan. I, 1815 ; received a comraon school and
academic education ; studied law at the Yale
Law School ; practiced at Columbus, and af
terwards at Cincinnati ; was a member of the
state House of Representatives of Ohio in
1847 and 1848 ; and was elected a represen
tative from Ohio in the Forty-second Con
gress as a Republican.

PERRY, Daniel, of MaysvUle, Mo., was.
born in Wardsboro, Nov. 8, 1839, the son of
Jaraes T. and Amy (WiUis) Perry.
Daniel was reared on the farm of his par
ents, and attended the district schools, se
curing a good education when a boy. He
afterward attended the Westrainster Acad
emy and Powers Institute at Bernardston,.
INIass., and later the Albany Law School at
Albany N. Y., graduating in 1868.
In September, 1861, he enhsted in the
Federal army, joining Co. F, Vt. company
of Berdan's Sharpshooters of the Army of
the Potomac, and served in raany of the
principal battles in which his regiraent par
ticipated. He becarae a favorite of Colonel

DANIEL PERRY.

Berdan and other officers of his regiraent,
and was well known as the "TaU Corporal
on the Right." He is six feet four inches
tall and is said to have been one of the best
marksmen in the army. He returned to
Verraont in the winter of 1863, and taught
as the principal of the high school at Jack
sonviUe and North Bennington.
He went West in 1872 and was connected
with school work in the higher graded schools
until about 1880, then entered the law,
abstracting, real estate and loan business in
Maysville. He has been very successful in
business, being recognized as one of the best
real estate lawyers in the ^^'est, and a very
successful dealer in real estate. His business
has araounted to hundreds of thousands of
dollars, and it is his pride, that he has never

PETTEE.
lost a dollar to a client in investments, dur
ing his business experience. At present he
is eraployed extensively in exaraining securi
ties and titles for capitahsts residing in the
East, and in loaning money.
In October, 1885, he was united in mar
riage, with a daughter of Mr. J. L. Darden,
of Southern Georgia. She is a grand-niece
of Commodore Nicholson, the first com
mander of the old " Constitution." One
daughter has blessed this union.
Mr. Perry has held many important offices,
araong thera, county superintendent of
schools, public administrator and mayor of
Maysville, Mo., his home, where he is attend
ing to his business interests, enjoying the
fruits of long and faithful service in civil hfe.
PETTEE, Lyman F., son of Anson L.
and Lucy (Bartlett) Pettee, was born in Wil
mington August 14, 1849. Both his grand
fathers were for many years active officers in
the old state militia, and his father. Dr. A. L.
Pettee, was one of the most prominent phy
sicians in Windhara county.
Young Pettee received his early education
in the public schools of WUraington and later
on attended the Burnside Military School at
Brattleboro. He, early in life, came to the
conclusion that he preferred to finish his edu
cation in the raore practical channels of busi
ness experience and accordingly becarae
engaged in several rainor enterprises long
before he had arrived at his raajority. At
the age of twenty-three he left Vermont to
accept a position with the New York Pie Co.,
of New 'York City, and remained with thera
one year, after which he erabarked in the
baking business on his own account in the
city of Brooklyn. This venture was for a
time successful, but a universal panic in bus
iness so discouraged hira that he finally, in
1880, sold out. Mr. Pettee entered the em
ploy of CrandaU & Godley, New Y'ork, in
1 881, the firm enjoyining the distinction of
being the largest dealers in bakers' and con
fectioners' supplies in the world. From this
time his strides along the pathway of success
were rapid. He soon became superinten
dent of the. business, and within two years
was adraitted as a partner with a modest in
terest. He accepted every opportunity to
prove his value to the firm, so that when the
senior meraber, Mr. A. B. CrandaU, died,
Mr. Pettee found his opportunity. Since
then, 1887, the firra has more than doubled
its business. In 1892 they were succeeded
by the CrandaU & Godley Co., and Mr.
Pettee was at once elected vice-president and
treasurer, which position he now holds.
Mr. Pettee has engaged in raany other
large and iraportant enterprises, being presi
dent of the Geysers Natural Carbonate
Acid Gas Co., operating at Saratoga Springs,

PHELPS. 123
N. v., and New York City, which ships its
product to aU parts of the world. He is
also president of the Supply World Publish
ing Co., which issues the recognized leading
trade paper in the interests of bakers and
confectioners. Mr. Pettee is proprietor of the Deerfield
stock farm at West Brattieboro, now one of
the recognized institutions of Windham
county, on which are sorae of the most
highly bred horses in this country, and where
he spends the time he has at his coraraand
for recreation. He is also the inventor and
patentee of several useful articles of recog
nized raerit.
He is a Mason and in politics is a staunch
Deraocrat but has never permitted partisan
principle to bhnd his eyes to the mistakes of
his own party.
Mr. Pettee was united in raarriage in
1871 to Imogene S., daughter of Frank and
Sophia Prouty, who died, 1880. She bore
hira two children : Harry E , and L. Grace.
The latter raet an accidental death, being
drowned while on a visit to Wilmington. In
1883 he was again united to Mary E.,
daughter of William and Ehzabeth Thresher.
Four children have blessed this raarriage :
WilUe C, Lyman E., Elmo C, and George
Mortimer. PETTIGREW, RICHARD FRANKLIN, of
Sioux Falls, S. D., was born at Ludlow, July,
1848; reraoved with his parents to Evans
ville, Wis., in 1854 ; was prepared for coUege
at the EvansviUe Acaderay, and entered Be
loit College in 1866, where he remained two
years ; was a member of the law class of
1869, University of Wisconsin; went to
Dakota in July, 1869, in the eraploy of a
United States deputy surveyor as a laborer ;
located in Sioux FaUs, where he engaged in
the surveying and real estate business ;
opened a law office in 1875, and has been in
the practice of his profession since ; was
elected to the Dakota Legislature as a mem
ber of the Council in 1877, and re-elected in
1879 ; was elected to the Forty-seventh and
Forty-eighth Congresses as delegate from
Dakota Territory ; was elected to the Terri
torial Council in i884-'85 ; was elected
United States Senator Oct. 16, 1889, under
the provisions of the act of Congress admit
ting South Dakota into the Union ; took his
seat Dec. 2, 1889. His terra of service wiU
expire March 3, 1895. He is president of
the Sioux Falls Terminal Railroad Co. ; the
Sioux FaUs Street Railway Co., and of the
Sioux Falls, Yankton & Southwestern Rail
way Co.
PHELPS, Charles E., was born in
Guilford, May i, 1833; reraoved with his
parents to Pennsylvania in 1838, and to

124

PHELPS.

PHELPS.

Maryland in 1841 ; graduated at Princeton
CoUege in 1853 ; studied law, and came to
the Maryland bar in 1855 ; admitted to
practice in the United States Supreme Court
in 1859. In i860 he was a raember of the
city council of Baltiraore. In 1861 he was
coraraissioned a raajor of the Maryland
Guard, which post he resigned. In 1862 he
was made Lieut. -Col. of the 7th Md. Vols.,
and honorably discharged on account of
wounds in 1864, and was soon afterwards
elected a representative from Maryland to
the Thirty-ninth Congress. He was subse
quently coraraissioned brevet brigadier-gen
eral for gallant conduct at the battle of
Spottsylvania. PHELPS, GEORGE HOVEY, of Fargo,
N. D., son of Siraonds Fowler Phelps and
Susan Critchett Phelps, was born July 17,
1862, at Lowell. His education was received
in the district schools of his native town,
Albany Academy, Johnson State Normal
School, and St Johnsbury Acaderay.

GEORGE HOVEY PHELPS.

The years frora 1883 to 1885 were spent
in teaching in New Harapshire and Vermont,
and in the faU of 1885 he entered the law
office of Hon. L. H. Thorapson at Irasburg,
and commenced the study of law. In 1887
he became deputy clerk of court at St. Johns
bury and remained in that position until he
removed to Fargo, North Dakota, in 1888,
where he took charge of the loan and coUec
tion department in the office of Burleigh

F. Spalding. During the year 1890 he
held the position of deputy clerk of the dis
trict court of Cass county and, in 1891,
formed a law partnership with Burleigh F.
Spalding, which firm was succeeded in June,
1893, by the present firm of Newman, Spald
ing & Phelps. Mr. Phelps has confined him
self strictly to business, paying particular at
tention to commercial and real estate law, and
through his energy and fidelity to his partic
ular line has earned for hiraself a foremost
rank, and holds for his firm a large chentage
araong the leading wholesale houses through
out the country.
He is a meraber of Shiloh Lodge, No. i,
F. & A. M. ; Keystone Chapter, No. 5, R. A.
M. ; Casselton Council, No. i, R. S. M.;
Auvergne Coraraandery, No. 2, K. T. ; El
Zagal Teraple, A. A. O. N. M. S.; Mecca
Chapter, No. 5, O. E. S., and Fargo Consis
tory, 3 2d degree A. A., Scottish Rite. He
is past high priest of Keystone Chapter, has
served three years as deputy grand secretary
of the Grand Lodge, F. & A. M., and Grand
Chapter of R. A. M. of North Dakota and is
the grand representative of the Grand Lodge
and Grand Chapter of Verraont, near the
hke Grand bodies of North Dakota.
Mr. Phelps was raarried at Irasburg, Oct.
12, 1887, to Julia Lucy, daughter of Ethan
AUen and Abigail Jane Leach. They have
one child : Kenneth Allen.
Mr. and Mrs. Phelps keep open house for
all natives of Verraont and retain at aU
tiraes their loyalty to the state of their birth.
PHELPS, James T., of Boston, Mass., son
of James T. and Lucy J. (MitcheU) Phelps,
was born May 24, 1845, ^* Chittenden.
He was educated in the pubhc schools of
Burlington, and of Chelsea, Mass. In 1857
Mr. Phelps entered the Boston office of the
National Life Insurance Co. of MontpeUer,
which was then conducted by his father, and
pursued his studies under paternal direction.
During the years of 1861 to 1863 he was a
clerk in a country store at Fair Haven, then
returned to Boston, and, with the exception
of a year or two in the West, has been in the
service of the National Life Insurance Co.
contiuously since. Under the firm name of
James T. Phelps & Son, he forraed a partner
ship witb his father in 1869, and in 1870, at
the death of his father, assuraed and has since
had entire control of the Massachusetts bus
iness of the corapany, with great success.
In 1870 he was made a director of the com
pany, and is now on the board.
Mr. Phelps has been in the insurance busi
ness practically during the entire period of
its history in America and has acquired a
considerable distinction as a writer on the
subject and is an acknowledged authority on
life insurance raatters.

PIERCE.

PIERCE.

125

Mr. Phelps has served in the city council
of Chelsea, Mass., two years in each branch,
as councilman and alderman, with honor to
himseh and his constituents.

JAMES T. PHELPS.
He was married Oct. 19, 1879, at Fair
Haven, to Juliza A., daughter of the late Otis
Hamilton, and has two hving children, both
daughters. PIERCE, Leroy Matthew, of Black
stone, Mass., son of Alvah Warren and Lydia
(Atwood) Pierce, was born at Olney, 111.,
Jan. 14, 1842, and becarae a Verraonter by
adoption. The reraoval of his parents from
Londonderry to lUinois and their subsequent
return a few years later when their son was
three or four years of age, explains the situ
ation. His education began at the old time acad
eraies in Londonderry and Springfield and
he entered Middlebury College in 1861 but
did not graduate until 1866, for whUe a
student he passed sorae tirae away as a dele
gate of the Christian coraraission in the
hospitals of Washington, D. C, City Point,
Va., and in the Army of the Potomac. Re
turning to Middlebury he resumed his
studies in a succeeding class. At college he
was prominent in society work and was
president of the fraternity of the various
chapters in the dififerent colleges of Delta
Upsilon and a member of the Phi Beta
Kappa. He was the salutatorian of his
class and also received the Waldo prize for
scholarship and good behavior.

Shortly after graduation at Andover Theo
logical Seminary of Massacusetts, where he
had passed the years frora 1866 to 1869, he
went to Glenwood, Mo., where he was ordain
ed Feb. 4, 1870, and labored as a home rais
sionary for about two years. In 1871 he re
turned East and received a call to preach in
the Congregational church at Provincetown,
Mass., which he accepted and served there
until faihng health caused an interruption of
his rainistry after about a year's occupancy
of the pastorate. He resumed the work of
the ministry at Bernardston, Mass., becom
ing pastor of the Congregational church,
and reraained there for ten years, frora 1873
to 1883. In the suraraer and auturan of
1883 he visited Europe in company with
Mrs. Pierce. In the spring of 1884 he be
gan his present connection as the pastor of
the Congresational church in Blackstone,

/«?^

LEROY MATTHEW PIERCE.
Mass. While a busy rainister, Mr. Pierce
has devoted considerable tirae to private
study, especially botany, and the Hebrew
Bible, in both of which he has attained pro
ficiency for one who is not a teacher of those
branches. Mr. Pierce was raarried. May 24, 1876, to
Catherine, daughter of the late Hon. WilUara
and Abbie Hard BiUings of Arhngton.
PIERCE, Willard Henry, of Green
field, Mass., son of Nathan G. and Roxana
(Reach) Pierce, was born in Westminster,
Nov. 21, 1864.

126

PIERCE.

PROCTOR.

The early educational advantages of Mr.
Pierce were received at the district schools
of his native town and frora private instruc
tion, as well as a course at Saxtons River
(Vt.) Acaderay. He entered the University
of Vermont, raedical departraent, with the
class of 1883, and graduated M. D. in 1885.
Dr. Pierce coraraenced the active practice
of his profession at the age of twenty-one, at
Bernardston, Mass., and on Jan. i, 1893, he
removed to Greenfield, Mass., where he has
since resided and built up an excellent
practice. Although a general practitioner.
Dr. Pierce has a special aptitude for surgical
work, and receives many calls frora the pro
fession in Verraont, New Harapshire and
Massachusetts. When twenty-five years of

WILLARD HENRY PIERCE.

age he had perforraed a large number of the
raost difficult operations, including the suc
cessful removal of one kidney. Dr. Pierce
enjoys the distinction of having perforraed
the first operation known as laparotomy,
done by a resident of Franklin county.
Although a staunch Republican, he has
been too busily engaged witb his profes
sional duties to devote much time to politics.
While in Bernardston he was a raeraber of
the town coraraittee, and was frequently sent
as delegate to state and other conventions.
He becarae a Free Mason in 1886, and is
now a raeraber of all the bodies of that

order. Was president of the Library Asso
ciation and trustee of Powers Institute while
in Bernardston. He is a raeraber of the
Connecticut Valley Medical Association, of
the Massachusetts Medical Society, and for
two years president of the Franklin county
district of the latter. During the time of
his merabership he has contributed a large
nuraber of essays to these societies.
Dr. Pierce was raarried at Bernardston,
Mass., Sept. 5, 1888, to Nellie May, daughter
of OrraandoW.and Roxcena (Arnold) Gray.
They have one daughter : Roxy.
POLLARD, Henry M., was born at
Plymouth, June 14, 1836 ; received a com
mon school and academic education, gradu
ating in 1857 at the scientific department of
Dartraouth CoUege ; served in Union army
during the war as major of the Sth Regt. Vt.
Vols. ; located in ChiUicothe, Mo., in the faU
of 1865, and has since resided there, prac
ticing law ; was elected a representative from
Missouri in the Forty-fifth Congress as a
Repubhcan. PROCTOR, William Henry, son of
Asa and Lorena (Proctor) Proctor, was born
in Cavendish, Oct. 19, 1827. Both the
paternal and "maternal grandfathers of Mr.
Proctor served in the Revolutionary war, and
the latter was present at the skirmish on the
village green at Lexington, and later partici
pated in the battle of Bunker HiU.
Wben he was eight years of age, the
parents of Mr. Proctor reraoved to Kalaraa-
zoo county, Mich., and eight years later to
Colurabia county. Wis. He attended the
schools of his native town, and afterwards
studied in Schoolcraft, Mich., and Azatlan,
Wis. Mr. Proctor has always followed the voca
tion of a general farraer, and to this has
given the greater part of his time and atten
tion. He has settied in the town of Foun
tain Prairie, a locality which is much admired
by aU who visit tbis charming spot.
.t!He was married Nov. 8, 1857, to Angeline
E.', daughter of the late Sarauel and Mary S.
(Durfee) Lashier. Nine children are the
issue of this raarriage : Nettie A. (deceased),
Ellen Lorena, John S., WiUiara R., Mary E.,
Walter A., Clara M., Alfred H., and Ade
laide L.
For several years Mr. Proctor held the
office of town supervisor and was also chair
man of the town board and for eight years a
member of the county board of supervisors.
In 1882 be was elected to the state Legisla
ture of Wisconsin, representing the second
assembly district of Columbia county.

RAMSDEI.L.

RANNEY.

T27

RAMSDELL, WILLIAM MARTIN, of
Brooklyn, N. Y., son of Horace D. and
Lucretia (Holt) Rarasdell, was born Nov.
14, 1851, at Montpelier.
He received his early education at the
public schools of his native town, and began
early in life to exhibit a strong liking for
mechanics. At the age of eighteen he en
tered the establishment of Fisher & Colton,
manufacturers of saddlery hardware, at Mont
peher, and served an apprenticeship in tbe

WILLIAM MARTIN RAMSDELL.

silver plating department. Immediately
afterward he went to Portland, Me., and
entered the employ of A. FI. Atwood, raanu
facturing dealer in silver plated ware, and
reraained three years, sjbending such time as
could be spared in preparing himself for a
professional career which he had decided
upon entering.
In 1875 he returned to Montpeher and
began the systematic study of dentistry under
the tuition of the late Dr. O. P. Forbush.
After two years Dr. Rarasdell located in
West Randolph and remained three years in
successful practice, when, desiring a larger
field, he formed, in 1880, a partnership with
Dr. Charles D. Cook, a prominent dentist of
Brooklyn, N. Y'., with whom he reraained in
pleasant business relations two years, a part
of which time was spent in pursuing a course
of study in the Indiana Dental CoUege at
Indianapolis frora which he graduated with
honors. Dr. RamsdeU at this time entered busi
ness upon his own account in Brooklyn,

where he has developed a successful practice.
He is a member of the Brooklyn Dental
Society, the First District Dental Society of
the state of New Y'ork ; the Brooklyn Ethical
Association ; and of the Brooklyn Society of
"N^ermonters. Dr. Rarasdell was married at Montpelier,
Sept 2, 1879, to Ida, daughter of Lorenzo
D. and Nancy Frost HiU.
RANNEY, Ambrose A., son of Walt-
stiU R. and Phoebe (Atwood) Ranney, was
born in Townshend, AprU 16, 1821.
He fitted for coUege at Townshend Acad
eray and was graduated frora Dartmouth Col
lege in the class of 1844. His early life was
spent on the home farm until he was nineteen
years of age. His father was the leading
physician of his native place, and was for two
years Lieutenant-Governor of the state of
Vermont. After graduation he studied law with Hon.
Andrew Tracy in Woodstock, and was adrait
ted to the bar of Verraont in Deceraber,
1S47. He iraraediately reraoved to Boston
and was adraitted to the Suffolk bar in June,
1848. Mr. Ranney was raarried in Cavendish,
Dec. 4, 1850, to Maria D., daughter of Addi
son and Maria (Ingalls) Fletcher. Of this
union were four children : Fletcher Ranney,
now a partner in his father's law firra ; Maria
F., Helen M., and Alice Ranney, now Mrs.
Thomas AUen.
He was city solicitor for Boston, 1855 and
'56; meraber of the House of Representa
tives 1857, '63 and '64; elected to Congress
in 1880, as a Republican, frora the third
congressional district, and twice re-elected,
serving through the Forty-seventh, Forty-
eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. He
joined the, Repubhcan party at its organiza
tion, and has since remained a staunch and
active worker in its ranks. While in Con
gress he served two terms on the coramittee
on elections, investigating frauds and render
ing most valuable service in the interests of
fair elections and the integrity of the ballot-
box. During the last term he was a raem
ber of the judiciary coramittee, and the head
of a special coramittee on the Repubhcan
side of the house to investigate the famous
pan-electric scheme, involving the reputation
and conduct of high government officials
and exciting great public interest. His ser
vices on this coraraittee are a raatter of hon
orable record.
His absorbing aira and arabition was,
however, in the profession of the law, where
in, previous to his congressional career he
had achieved erainent success. He had been
only a few years at the bar when the office of
city sohcitor was conferred upon him, and
his duties therein were raost creditably dis-

RAY.

REDINGTON.

charged. He bad httle taste for pohtics, and
pohtical honors have at aU tiraes been thrust
upon hira, rather than sought for. But during
his legislative service, both state and national,
he won the respect and esteera of aU parties,
and irapressed the pubUc generally by his
raanly bearing, his fidehty to duty, as he un
derstood it, and his great ability as a profound
lawyer, and a successful legislator. He may
be said to have achieved a national reputa
tion. Mobile his return to private life, and
his chosen profession, may have been more
congenial to hira, the loss to the public ser
vice was the cause of deep regret araong aU
who knew his virtues.
RAY, OSSIAN, of Lancaster, N. H., was
born at Hinesburgh, Dec. 13, 1835. Here-
moved to Irasburgh in early childhood, and
there and at Derby received an academic
education. He studied law, was adraitted
to the bar in 1857, and has since practiced
at Lancaster, N. H., where be reraoved soon
after his adraission to the bar. In 1868 he
was a raeraber of the state Legislature, and
also in 1869. From 1862 to 1872 he was
solicitor for Coos county, and was United
States attorney for the district of New
Hampshire from Feb. 22, 1879, to the fol
lowing December, wben he resigned, upon
his noraination to fiU vacancy on tbe Forty-
sixth Congress consequent upon the death
of Hon. Evarts W. Farr. He was elected to
that Congress, and was re-elected to the
Forty-seventh Congress as a Republican.
READ, ALMON H., was born in Sheb
burne, June 12, 1790; graduated at WiUiams
CoUege ; studied law and removed to Penn
sylvania ; was frequently elected to the state
Legislature ; also to the Senate ; in 1 840 was
appointed treasurer of the state, and in
1 84 1 was elected to fill a vacancy in the
National House of Representatives, and re
elected to the succeeding Congress. He
died at Montrose, Penn., June 3, 1844.
REDINGTON, EDWARD DANA, of
Evanston, 111., son of Edward C. and Caro
line D. (Stearns) Redington, was born Nov.
12, 1839, at Chelsea.
Mr. Redington was educated in the schools
of Chelsea, and at the St. Johnsbury Acad
eray, and graduated with the class of 1861
at IDartraouth CoUege. After graduating, he
becarae a teacher in St. Johnsbury Academy
for a year. In the winter of i863-'64 he
served as assistant cashier of the Passurapsic
Bank. From 1862 to the close of 1865 Mr. Red
ington was actively engaged in the defense
of the Union. He enlisted in the 12 th Vt.
Vols., August 23, 1862, and was sergeant-
major to Feb. 23, 1863, and afterwards 2d

Lieut, of Co. I until mustered out, July 14,
1863. President Lincoln appointed him
additional paymaster U. S. Vols, with the
rank of major, Feb. 24, 1864, and he re
mained on duty with the Army of the Poto
mac until June 24, 1865, when he was
ordered to Springfield, IU., to pay raustered-
out troops. He served there until Nov. 30,
1865, and was raustered out at the close of
the war. Frora 1866 to 1871 he was em
ployed by tbe Kansas Pacific Railway Co. as

EDWARD DANA REDINGTON.
cashier and paymaster, residing at Wyan
dotte, Leavenworth, and Lawrence, Kan.
From 187 1 to 1875 he was engaged in the
luraber business in Lawrence, Kan., and
from 1875 to 1887 in Chicago, IU. Since
1888 he has been connected with the Provi
dent Life and Trust Co. of Philadelphia, Pa.,
in tbeir Chicago agency.
Mr. Redington is a RepubUcan in poUtics,
though while in Kansas he was the Pro
hibition candidate for raayor of Lawrence in
1873. In the same city he was a member
of the school board from 1872 to 1875.
In the G. A. R. Mr. Redington has been
prominent, serving as aid on Coraraander
Veazey's staff in 189 1. He is a raember of
the IlUnois Coramandery, Loyal Legion, of
the Western Society of the Army of the Po
tomac, and of the Sons of the American
Revolution. He has been president of the
Chicago Alumni Association of Dartmouth
College ; is president of the Chicago Associ
ation Sons of Vermont for 1894, and Jan.

RICE.
22, 1894, he was elected president of the
Chicago Congregational Club for the ensu
ing year.
Mr. Redington was married twice, his
first wife being Mary Ann, daughter of Eph
raim and Mary Ann Chamberlain of St.
Johnsbury, whom he married Nov. 15, 1864.
From this union there are three chUdren
Uving : Lizzie Stearns, John Chase and
Paul Goodwin (twins). Mrs. Redington
died in April, 1880. May 18, 1882, he mar
ried Mary JuUa, daughter of Ezra and Julia
R. Towne of Topsfield, Mass., by whom he
has one child : Theodore Towne.
RICE, Edmund, of St Paul, Minn., was
born in Waitsfield, Feb. 14, 1819; received
a comraon school education ; went to Kala
mazoo, Mich., November, 1838; read law;
was appointed register of the court of chan
cery in 184 1 for the third circuit; was
appointed master in chancery ; was appoint
ed clerk of the Supreme Court, third circuit ;
served as register and master until 1845,
when the court was abolished, and clerk
untU 1849; in 1847 enlisted to serve in the
Mexican war; was commissioned ist Lieut.
Co. A, ist Regt. Mich. Vols. ; was detailed
as acting assistant comraissary subsistence,
and acting assistant quarterraaster ; was
mustered out in August, 1848; removed to
St Paul, in July, 1849, and practiced law
until 1856; was president of the Minnesota
& Pacific Railroad Co., from 1857 to 1863,
St. Paul & Pacific R. R., 1863 till 1872, and
trustee tiU 1879 ; president St. Paul & Chi
cago, 1863 till 1877 ; was a meraber of the
territorial Legislature 185 1 ; was state sena
tor 1864-66, 1874-76 ; was a meraber ofthe
state House of Representatives 1867, 1872,
1877 and 1878; was mayor of St. Paul
1881-83, re-elected in 1885 and resigned in
February, 1887 ; and was elected to the
Fiftieth Congress as a Democrat.
RICE, Henry M., was bom in Vermont;
emigrated to Pennsylvania when it was a ter
ritory, and after that time lived in three other
territories, viz., Iowa, Wisconsin and Minne
sota, rauch of his life having been spent
among the Indian tribes of the Northwest ;
in 1840 he was appointed a sutler in the
array ; has been employed as coraraissioner
in raaking many Indian treaties of great ira
portance ; in 1853 he was elected a delegate
to Congress from Minnesota ; re-elected in
1855, having secured the passage of the act
authorizing the people of Minnesota to form
a state constitution; and in 1857 hewas
elected a senator in Congress from Minne
sota for the term of six years.
REDINGTON, LYMAN W., of NewYork
City son of George and Loraine W. (Shel-

REDINGTON.

129

don) Redington, was born at Waddington,
N. Y., March 14, 1849, and is a direct
descendant on his father's side of John
Redington, who came frora the vicinity of
Herael-Hempstead, near Windsor, England,
prior to 1640, and located in Topsfield,
Mass. He died there in 1690, and his
descendants lived there and in the adjoining
town of Boxford, and in Windsor and Rich
raond, Mass., for many years. Lyraan W.
Redington' s grandfather, Jacob Redington,
was a Revolutionary soldier. He lived for
some years in Vergennes, and held a number
of local offices in the early history of that
city, being a meraber of the first coramon
council of the first city government of Ver
gennes in 1 794. He eraigrated from Ver
gennes in 1800 to Waddington, N. Y., where
with his faraily he lived and died. Mr.
Redington, on his raother's side, was a
great-great-grandson of Capt. Araasa Shel
don, of the Revolutionary war, and a direct
descendant of Sarauel Bass, of Plyraouth,
Mass., whose wife was a daughter of the
historical John Alden. The father of the
subject of this sketch was an able lawyer and
judge of the Court of Common Pleas of St.
Lawrence county, and for several terms a
raeraber of the New York Legislature, where
he wielded considerable influence. He aided
very materially in the construction of the
Northern R. R., frora Ogdensburg to Rouse's
Point, and was one of its directors. He
was an energetic business raan of large
capacity, and highly respected for his sound
judgraent and upright, straightforward deal
ing. He was a staunch Deraocrat. Lyman
W. Reddington's raother was a daughter of
Medad Sheldon, of Rutland, and a sister of
Charles Sheldon, deceased, of Rutland, head
of the firm of Sheldon & Sons, raarble
dealers. L. W. Redington prepared for coUege at
WiUiston Seminary, Easthampton, Mass.,
and entered Yale CoUege in 1866, but iU-
health prevented him from corapleting the
coUegiate course. He attended law school
at Colurabia CoUege, New York City, and
concluded his professional studies in the
office of the late United States Senator
Matthew H. Carpenter, in Milwaukee, Wis.
He was adraitted to the Milwaukee bar in
1 87 1, and for some tirae afterward raade an
extensive tour of Europe, to regain his
health and round out his education, reraain-
a year abroad. In 1875 he located in
Rutland. In 1876 he was elected to the
office of grand juror, which position he
held for five years, and then refused to stand
longer. He was the norainee ofthe Demo
cracy for representative at Rutland in 1876,
'78, '80 and '82. In 1878 he was elected to
the Legislature, and was the Deraocratic
nominee of the House for speaker. He was

RICHARDSON.

RICHARDSON.

131

a delegate-at-large for Vermont to the Dem
ocratic national convention in 1 880, and was
the nominee of the Deraocracy in Congress
in 1882. He was chairraan of the Derao
cratic state convention in 1882, and on
the 17th of March, 1884, was appointed
municipal judge for Rutland, to fill the
vacancy occasioned by the death of Martin
G. Everts, and re-elected in 1885. He was
corporation attorney for Rutland for the
year i883-'84, and was president of the New
England Fire Insurance Co., of Rutland,
which was organized under a Verraont char
ter in 1881. In 1884 he was the Derao
cratic candidate for Governor, and made a
spirited canvass, cutting down by several
thousand the norraal Republican majority in
the state. He was appointed postmaster of
Rutland July 17, 1885, by President Cleve
land. Mr. Redington was raarried Oct. 6, 1875,
to Catherine RusseU Merrill, daughter of Col.
George A. Merrill, of Rutland, and has three
children : Mary Patterson, Thomas Gregory,
and Paul Merrill.
He is a man of many scholarly attainraents,
with a broad and healthy sympathy, with
democratic ideas, a powerful speaker, an in
dependent and progressive thinker. . In the
Legislature of 1878 he was the author of the
" Redington BUl," so called, for a local op
tion law to apply to the liquor traffic ; of
course the biU was defeated, but his speech
in its advocacy was most masterly.
In 1889 he resigned the office of post
master, and moved to New York City to prac
tice his profession. He is a meraber of the
Tararaany Hall general coraraittee ; of the N.
Y. Society of the Sons of the Revolution ; of
Kane Lodge and Coeur de Lion Coraraand
ery, Knights Teraplar, and is president of the
Powhatan Club.
RICHARDSON, David Nelson, of
Davenport, Iowa, son of Christopher and
Achsah Richardson, was born March 19,
1832, at East Orange.
The common schools and three terras at
the Frankhn Academy, Malone, N. Y., were
his early educational advantages, while farm
life, teaching, and a printing office filled his
life until the age of twenty-three, when he
became editor and co-proprietor of the paper
which he still continues to edit and own.
Iowa people say of him : " Nowadays in
Iowa when it becomes necessary to give con
sideration of matters of literature and art,
whenever the opinion is needed of an expert
of good judgment, who has knowledge and
practical comraon sense, the thought of aU
instinctively turn towards Mr. D. N. Rich
ardson. In the broad range of acquaintance
with books, with architecture, with art, with
traveled knowledge and with the raany

things that go to raake up the culture of life,
he is easily the first citizen of the state.
Ever ready to interest himself in these mat
ters where the good of tbe state is concerned
and in his charraing, raodest raanner, to
give the pubhc the benefit of his learning
acquired by travel aU over the world, with its
accompanying personal investigation, be
sides by the raore ordinary raethod of study,
no undertaking of statewide scope is deeraed
to be on its best footing unless his co-opera
tion is secured. He has interested himself
in the State University for the past eighteen
years, and had done as rauch as raany others
together to put that splendid institution on a
firra basis, and to bring it out of difficulties.
W'ben it was decided to erect a raonuraent
to the soldiers of Iowa that would be a credit
to the state as a work of art, Mr. Richardson

DAVID NELSON RICHARDSON.
was naturally selected as a member of the
coraraission to have charge. More than any
other raeraber has he interested hiraself, and
given the project the benefit of his learning
and investigation of raemorial structures the
world over. So, too, when an association
was forraed to further the progress of art in
Iowa, he was raade its president. We have
writers in Iowa who, perhaps, have raade
more of a name among the reading public of
the nation ; artists who in their specialties
have acquired raore renown ; but, taken aU
together, in literature, university extension,
monumental architecture, art and other forms
of culture, no raan in Iowa surpasses Mr.

132

ROBINSON.

ROLFE.

Richardson. He is a citizen of whom the
state is proud."
Mr. Richardson has been a busy man. He
is editor and co-proprietor of the Daven
port Daily Democrat, and president of the
Northwestern Associated Press ; also of the
Richardson Land and Timber Co. ; of the
Iowa Art Association. For twenty-five years
he bas been a director of the Citizens Na
tional Bank ; also of the Lindsay Land and
Lumber Co.; the Davenport Water Co., and
of the Davenport & Rock Island Ferry Co.,
and is interested in five banks, and raany
other commercial institutions. For eighteen
years he has been regent of the State Uni
versity of Iowa.
In Masonic circles he has reached high
honors, was raaster of Trinity lodge No. 208,
and in Scottish Rite Masonry has reached
the 3 2d degree.
Mr. Richardson was raarried April 15,
1 85 8, in Groton, to Jennette, daughter of John
and Janet Darhng, and is blessed with a
faraily of four children, both of his sons be
ing engaged with hira in business.
ROBBIE, Reuben, was born in Ver
raont, and, having settled in New York, was
elected a representative in Congress frora
that state frora 185 1 to 1853.
ROBINSON, George Stewart, of
Sycaraore, IU., son of George and Harriet
(Stewart) Robinson, was born at Derby,
June 24, 1824.
Judge Robinson received his early train
ing in the schools and acaderay of Derby,
and worked on a farra until about twenty
years of age except when teaching. He
studied law with Hon. S. B. Colby and Hon.
Lucius B. Peck, and was admitted to the
bar at Montpelier, in 1846. Failing health
compeUed hira to go south in 1847, where
he became a teacher in Hamilton, Ga. He
was adraitted to the bar in Cuthbert, Ga., in
1852 and practiced until 1866. During the
civil war he raaintained his pronounced
Union principles and openly opposed seces
sion, and at a great pecuniary sacrifice kept
out of the Confederate service.
In July, 1866, he took up his residence in
Sycamore and engaged in the practice of his
profession, occupying a leading position and
iDecoming city attorney and drafting raany
iraportant ordinances. In 1873 he was ap
pointed to tbe office of raaster in chancery,
which he held until he was elected judge of
the county court in 1877. In 1869 he be
carae a raeraber of the board of state cora
raissioners of pubhc charities and served
nearly fifteen years, and was for eight years
president of the board, spending two to
three raonths annually in its service without
compensation.

Judge Robinson has taken the Blue Lodge,
Chapter and Knights Teraplar degrees in
Masonry and has been raaster, high priest of
the chapter and is now prelate |in the
Knights Templar Lodge.

GEORGE STEWART ROBINSON.
He was married Oct. 13, 1853, at Derby
to Olive A. Colby, daughter of Nehemiah
and Malinda L. Colby. None of their three
children survive.
ROLFE, HERBERT PERCY, of Great
FaUs, Mont., son of Gustavus and E. L.
(Martston) Rohe, was born at Tunbridge,
August 30, 1849.
Judge Rolfe as a youth worked his way
through the best institutions of learning that
his means could reach. He attended Essex
Acaderay, and graduated frora the State Nor
raal School at Randolph in 1868, and from
Kirabail Union Academy (N. H.) in 1870.
At Dartmouth CoUege he was graduated from
the classical department in 1874, and in
1877 received the degree of A. M. He then
began bis legal education in the office of
Henry Noble, Esq., at Colurabus, Ohio. He
afterwards studied with ex-Governor Edger
ton of Akron, Ohio, in 1875 and 1876, and
with Senator Sanders of Helena, Mont., in
1877, and was admitted to practice at Helena
in 1878.
As a teacher Judge Rohe passed much
time while working his way along, and at
tained much proficiency both in the East
and West. He was principal of Lancaster

ROLFE.

ROY.

133

(N. H.) Acaderay in 1873, and senior
teacher of the Institute for the Blind at Col
urabus, Ohio, frora 1874 to 1876. He served
as superintendent of tbe city schools of
Helena, Mont., from 1876 to 1879.
As a journalist he edited the Butte (Mont.)
Daily Miner in 1879. From 1880 to 1884
he practiced law at Fort Benton, Mont., and
was first judge of Cascade county from 1887
to 1888. In 1888 he became interested in
journalism again and has since been editor
and proprietor of the Great Falls (Mont.)
Daily and Weekly Leader. He is also a
director of a national bank.

Sidney Edgerton and Mary (WYight) Edger
ton, and has seven children.
ROY, JOHN Alexander, of San Fran
cisco, Cab, son of Nathaniel and Margaret
(GilfiUraan) Roy, was born in Barnet, July
I, 1832.
He received his education in the public
schools of his native town, and at intervals
worked on his father's farm during the
years of his rainority. On Jan. 2, 1854, he
left the horae of bis boyhood to seek his
fortune in the gold fields of California, going
there via the isthraus. Having reached his
destination he at once engaged in raining in
Tuolumne and Calaveras counties, untU
June, 1858, when he went to Eraser's River,
where he followed the same occupation
untU July, 1859, when he returned to San
Francisco and purchased a "water route."
This was at a time in the history of the city
when the greater part of it was supplied by

¦'^¦.,

itf'..

HERBERT PERCY ROLFE.
Judge Rohe has always been active in
politics and was first to organize the Repub
hcans of Choteau county, Mont., in 1880.
He was the secretary of the first county com
mittee and is frequently a delegate to county
and state conventions, and has been many
times chairman of the conventions. In
social organizations he is a leader. He was
W. M. of Cascade Lodge, F. & A. M. during
the years 1887 and 1888, and H. P. of Great
FaUs Chapter No. 9 R. A. M. m 1892 ; erai
nent commander of Black Eagle Command
ery No. 8, K. T., in 1894. In 1888 he was
M. W. of Great FaUs Lodge, A. O. U. ^V. He
built the first house at Great Falls in 1884,
which now has 12,000 population, and is the
owner of the Black Eagle Falls addition.
Judge Rolfe was married at Akron, O.,
August 8, 1876, to the daughter of ex-Gov.

^7

JOHN ALEXANDER ROY.

watermen who conveyed the aqueous fluid
frora house to house in barrels. Mr. Roy
found this to be a lucrative business and fol
lowed it until 1863, when on account of iU
ness, he returned to Verraont. In 1865 he
returned to San Francisco and estabhshed a
milk dairy in the southern part of the city,
and after several years formed a partnership
with C. W. Taber, L. A. Hayward, Frank H.
Johnson and OUver Crook. This corapany
was incorporated and is known as the
Guadaloupe Dairy Co. J. A. Roy was

134

RUSSELL.

RUSSELL.

elected its first president, which office he has
since held.
Mr. Roy owns besides his interest in the
Guadaloupe VaUey, property in San Mateo
county, and a dairy ranch of 985 acres in
Marin county.
He has always been a raeraber of the Re
pubhcan party, but has never held any
office, except to serve as one of the county
coramittee. For raany years he has been a raeraber of
the Pacific Coast Association Native Sons of
Verraont ; also an Odd FeUow, a Mason and
he belongs to the A. O. U. W.
Mr. Roy has been married twice. His
first wife was Rebekah, daughter of Mr. and
Mrs. Andrew Lackey, a native of Verraont,
who died in San Francisco many years ago ;
and in 1878 he was united to Barbara,
daughter of John Walker and Barbara Hun
ter, of Rothesay Island, of Bute, Scotland.
Of this latter union is one son : Allan J.
RUSSELL, William Augustus, of
Lawrence, Mass., son of William and Almira
(Heath) Russell, was born in Wells River,
April 22, 1 83 1. The Russell family is of
pure English blood, and allied to a faraily
honored in Anglo-Saxon history.
Mr. Russell, while at bis horae in Frank
lin, N. H., to which town his father had
reraoved, attended the public schools and
the Franklin Acaderay, occupying his vaca
tions at work in the paper mills of Peabody
& Daniels untU the age of sixteen. He
subsequently attended a private school in
Lowell, which completed his early educa
tional training. In 1848 he coraraenced
work in his father's paper mill, where he
remained until 185 1. Two years later the
father and son forraed a copartnership and
moved their works to Lawrence. The senior
Mr. Russell's health failing, he was corapeUed
to retire frora active business, leaving the
entire interests in the hands of his son, who
proved equal to the task, and began to raeet
the growing demands of the business by
leasing, in 1856, two miUs in Belfast, Maine.
In 186 1 he purchased a raill in Lawrence of
a firra that had failed in business, and later
on two raills feU into his hands, having pre
viously been overtaken by raisfortune.
Having found by costly experiments that
wood-pulp was the fibre needed for improv
ed raachinery and rapid work, he established
a wood-pulp raill in Franklin, N. H., in
1869, for the production of this new fibre.
He succeeded in this where raany had faded,
and instituted an entirely new departraent of
industrial art in this country. He began to
convert the product of his pulp raills into
paper by the purchase, in 1879, of the
Fisher & Aiken raills in Franklin. He also
erected one the sarae year at Bellows FaUs.

To carry out his scherae successfully, he
was obliged to purchase the entire water
power here, buUd a new dam and enlarge
the canal. Through his enterprise, this
small town grew into one of the thrifty
towns of the state, ranking third in valua
tion. Mr. Russell's principal works are at
Bellows Falls and Lawrence. He has also
large interests in other mills at several
points in Maine.

/ 'U

WILLIAM AUGUSTUS RUSSELL.
Politically, Mr. RusseU began Ufe as a
Whig. At the dissolution of that party he
allied himself with the Repubhcan party and
has unwaveringly supported it since. He
uniformly declined to accept any public
office until 1867, when he was elected alder
man in the city of Lawrence. The follow
ing year he was chosen a raeraber of the
state Legislature. In 1868 he was also
chosen a delegate to the national Repubh
can convention in Cincinnati.
He was elected to the Forty- sixth Congress
from the seventh Massachusetts district;
served on the committee on commerce, and
was a raember of a sub-committee to investi
gate the cause for the decline of American
coraraerce. His report showed a thorough
knowledge of the subject, and resulted in
Massachusetts leading off in a change of the
laws in relation to the taxation of property
in ships. He was re-elected to the Forty-
seventh Congress, serving on the coraraittee
of ways and means, a position he was amply

SANBORN.

135

¦qualified to fiU. Here he achieved distinc
tion during the discussion of the tariff issues
.from the protection standpoint. Yielding to
the deraands of his constituents, he was
again nominated by acclamation and elected
to the Forty-eighth Congress. In his church
connections Mr. Russell is a Congrega
tionahst. He was married in Bradford Feb. i, 1859,

to Elizabeth Haven, daughter of 'William
Hall. Of this union were three children :
Mary Frances, Annie Elizabeth, and Grace
Dunton Russell, deceased. Mrs. RusseU
died at St Paul, Minn., Dec. 18, 1866.
June 25, 1872, Mr. Russell raarried Frances
Spafford, sister of his first wife. Their chil
dren are : Williara Augustus, Jr., EUzabeth
Haven, and Richard Spafford.

SANBORN, Benjamin Hyde, of Bos
ton, Mass., son of Seth C. and Sarah C. San
born, was born at Morristown, May 11, 185 i.
Mr. Sanborn graduated at the acaderay of his
native town, began preparation for the law,
and had passed sorae time in its study when
he entered Dartraouth College.

two hundred standard works, devoted to
nearly all departraents of education, frora the
primary school to the university, and edited
or written by educators connected with
raany of the leading educational institutions
of the United States and Europe.
Mr. Sanborn has always closely devoted
hiraself to business, and while he has served
for several years upon the school coraraittee
of his town and upon the visiting board of
a leading educational institution, he sought
no political or public honors. He is a
Mason, and a member of the WeUesley and
Congregational Clubs ; the Aldine Club,
New Y'ork ; of the American Philological
Association ; the Araerican Educational
Association ; and the National Institute of
Instruction. Mr. Sanborn married, Nov. 24, 1875, Ida
A., daughter of Hirara and Hannah A.
Doty, of Elmore. They have one child :
Alice D.

'^«*^

BENJAMIN HYDE SANBORN.
In 1872 he becarae connected, as he sup
posed teraporarUy, with the publishing house
•of Robert S. Davis & Co., Boston. Meeting
with a business life raost congenial to his
tastes and making therein rapid and success
ful promotion, he decided to abandon his
plan of a coUege course and the uncertain
ties of a profession and continued with this
pubhshing house for eleven years.
In 1883 he became a raember of the firm
of Leach, SheweU & Sanborn, publishers of
school and coUege text books. The firra
have houses in Boston, New York, and Chi-
^cago, and control an extensive list of nearly

SARGENT, James, of Rochester, N.Y.,
son of William and Hannah Sargent, was
born Dec. 5, 1824, in Chester.
He remained upon the farm, having the
usual district educational facilities, until
eighteen years of age. His mind was of a
raechanical turn and he went into a woolen
factory in Ashuelot, N. H., where he was
placed in charge of a weaving roora and re
raained until 1848. He then became a
traveling daguerreotypist with raarked suc
cess, which occupation he followed four
years and then engaged in manufacturing at
Shelburne FaUs, Mass., in the firm of Sar
gent & Foster, raaking apple parers. His
mechanical skiU and business sagacity re
sulted in a highly successful prosperity until
1857, when he became associated with the
Yale & Greenleaf Lock Co., seUing Y'ale
locks. His peculiar genius had found a
congenial field. He soon becarae the mas
ter of the raost intricate devices and saw his
golden opportunity to invent a lock which
should be proof against his own skill, as weU
as that of others. After years of work he de
veloped the Sargent automatic bank lock,
the prevaihng lock in use today. In 1873
he perfected his first time lock, famous the

136

SATTLEY.

SATIXEY.

world over and universally used in financial
institutions. The factories of his firm are
located at Rochester, N. Y. Other intricate
and valuable devices have been invented by
Mr. Sargent, among thera a smoke preventer.
The practical side of Mr. Sargent's Ufe
shows what strict integrity, inflexible deter
mination, persistent industry and high pur
pose wiU accoraplish. His personal charac
teristics show an irrepressible individuahty,
aggressive, practical, versatUe and generous.

Burlington, there attending the public
schools until 1878.
At this period he was engaged as clerk in
a general store at North Ferrisburgh and
lived with his grandfather NeweU, attending
school in winter at Charlotte Serainary.
In 1880 he entered the eraploy of the
Sutherland Falls Marble Co., which is largely
owned by Hon. Redfield Proctor, at Suther
land Falls (now Proctor) . After two years
in Governor Proctor's eraploy at this point
and at Rutland he left to pursue his further
education, this time at the well-known
Phillips Exeter Acaderay, at Exeter, N. H.
He remained here two years, and in 1884
removed to Chicago, 111., and entered the
employ of the Chicago & Northwestern
R. R. Co., in the freight auditor's office. In
1885 he removed to Cawker City, Kan., and
entered the eraploy of H. P. ChurchUl & Co.,

JAMES SARGENT.

Mr. Sargent has never been in politics.
While living in Shelburne Falls, Mass., he
becarae an Odd F'ellow ; though maintaining
high respect for the order he withdrew
therefrom, upon removing to Rochester. He
is a raeraber of the F. & A. M., joining a
lodge in Greenfield, Mass., in Rochester
identifying himself with the Monroe Com
raandery ; receiving his 32d degree as a
Knight Teraplar.
Mr. Sargent was raarried at Ashuelot, N.
H., April 29, 1847, to Angelina M., daugh
ter of Job and Hannah Foster. They have
one adopted daughter : Josephine.
SATTLEY, Elmer C, of Kansas City,
Mo., son of Robert P. and Harriet Foot
(NeweU) Sattley, was born Feb. 3, 1863, at
Ferrisburgh. His parents were Verraonters and of New
England lineage and reraote English ances
try. He attended the district schools until
1873 when he removed with his parents to

ELMER C. SATTLEY.

negotiators of farra loans, as private secre
tary to the raanager, but after a few raonths
was himself made raanager. In 1886 he
reraoved to Kansas City to take the raanage
raent of the safe deposit departraent of the
Kansas City Safe Deposit and Savings Bank.
The foUowing suraraer he was promoted to
the position of assistant cashier of the bank
in addition to his position as safe deposit
manager. At this tirae the bank had a cap
ital of §50,000 and deposits aggregating
§400,000. In the fall of the sarae year he
was made cashier, having in the meantime
resigned the position of safe deposit man-

SAITLEY.
ager, because of the rapidly increasing busi
ness of the savings departraent requiring his
full time and services. The Kansas City
Safe Deposit and Savings Bank grew to be
one of the best known and most popular in
stitutions in Kansas City. Its business in
creased steadily until it enjoyed the distinc
tion of being the largest savings bank in
Missouri, having a capital of §300,000, de
posits aggregating §2,000,000 and depositors
numbering over eight thousand. The bank,
however, was forced to close its doors during
the panic of 1893 and Mr. Sattiey is stiU in
Kansas City engaged in straightening out
the affairs of the bank. The subject of this
sketch is well-known for his gentiemanly
bearing, his high manly qualities, his accur
ate raethods of business and his strict atten
tion to its detaUs, and to him in great
part rauch of the success of the bank was
due. There can be no doubt, moreover,
that his future wiU be one of prominence and
distinction and real usefulness.
In social organizations Mr. Sattley is prora
inent. In Masonic orders he takes great
interest, and is a meraber of the Oriental
Coramandery, No. 35, the Ararat Temple, as
weU as of the lower orders. He also belongs
to the B. P. O. Elks, No. 26, and has held
various offices in these orders.
He is a member of the Comraercial Club
and the Kansas City Club. With his three
brothers he operates the large farm known
as Sattley Brothers' Stock Farm at Ferris
burgh, Vt., under the charge of his father.
Mr. Sattley was married, Nov. 23, 1892, at
Sedalia, Mo., to Ida Belle Newkirk, daughter
of Hon. Cyrus and Rebecca Newkirk of that
place.
SATTLEY, Winfield Newell, of Chi
cago, IU., son of Robert Preston and Harriet
Foot Sattley, was born June 19, 1859, at
Ferrisburgh. Mr. Sattley began his education in the old
red schoolhouse in Ferrisburgh which stood
near the old homestead, that for raore than
a century has been the ancestral home.
Later he attended the graded school at Bur
hngton and graduated from the business col
lege in that city in 1877. He then began
to read law in Julius 'VV. Russel's office, and
in Deceraber, 1878, entered the office of the
Vermont Life Insurance Co. and becarae its
chief clerk. In 1881 he becarae the super
intendent of the corapany's western depart
ment, with offices in Chicago; this position
he held until February, 1884, when he ac
cepted the appointment of general agent of
the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Co. In April, 1887, he became the IlUnois
superintendent of agents for the New York
Life Insurance Co. of New York. In 1889
he became manager of the western depart-

SAWYER.

137

ment of the Manhattan Life Insurance Co.
of New York, which position he still holds.
During this wide experience in business life
Mr. Sattiey has acquired the reputation of a
skiUful financier and successful raan, and
has large real estate interests in Chicago,
Kansas City and Thousand Islands.

.? ¦«¦

^f^Wlf^.,

WINFIELD NEWELL SATTLEY.

He is a Republican in politics and is
prominent in social organizations being first
vice-president of the Hamilton Club. He is
also a raeraber of the Washington Park Club,
tbe Chicago Athletic Association and Mil-
tona Club, the Oriental Lodge, Palestine
Council, the Lafayette Chapter, the Apollo
Coraraandery, the Oriental Consistory, and
Medina Temple, and also Chicago Lodge
and Club of Elks.
Mr. Sattley was married to May Eva
Kelly in June, 1884, and has two young
children : Ethelwyn May, and Winfield New
ell, Jr.
r^SAWYER, JOHN GILBERT, of Albion,
N. Y'., was born at Brandon, June 5, 1825 ;
was educated at tbe comraon schools and at
MUlviUe Acaderay ; studied law, was admitted
to the bar, and has since practiced ; was a
justice of the peace from Jan. i, 1852, to
April, 1858 ; was district attorney of Orleans
county frora Jan. i, 1863, to Jan. i, 1866 ;
was judge and surrogate of Orleans county
from Jan. i, 1868, to Jan. i, 1884, and was
elected to the Forty-ninth Congress as a
Republican ; was re-elected.

138

SAWYER.

SCOTT.

SAWYER, PhileTUS, of Oshkosh, Wis.,
was born Sept. 22, 1816. His father was a
farraer and blacksraith, a man of scanty
raeans and hurable ambition.
Prominent among the class of men who
have worked their way from lowly and hum
ble beginnings to places of leadership in the
commerce, the great industries, and manage
ment of tbe traffic and exchanges of the
country and who are found araong the
trusted leaders and representatives in the
councils of the state and nation, is Philetus
Sawyer. " Choring " around the farra, lurabering
in a primitive way in the Adirondacks, until
at the age of seventeen he purchased his
time of his father, and a few terms at the
district school, were the early experience of
the raan. Soon in business for hiraself
running a saw mill, and fourteen years after
purchasing his majority, and thirty-one
years of age, he joined the tide of emigration
flowing westward, having a capital of about
two thousand doUars, and an education ob
tained by observation and experience, be
located on a farra in Fond du Lac county,
Wis. Two years here satisfied hira, and he
reraoved to Algonea, now in Oshkosh, and
began operating a saw raiU. In 1853 he
forraed the partnership of Brand & Olcott, in
Fond du Lac, for the raanufacture of lum
ber, with marked success, becoraing sole
owner of the business in 1862, and a year
later taking his only surviving son into the
business. He had developed a character of far-reach
ing sagacity, and was caUed into public
service, and repeatedly served on the city
council, acting with the Republican party.
In 1857 he became a representative in the
Legislature, where the same sound judgment
which made his private business so success
ful was applied to affairs of state, and in 186 1
he became again the choice of his party,
rendering great service in electing Judge
Howe to the Senate. In 1863 and 1864 he
served as mayor of Oshkosh, during the try
ing period of the civil war. In 1864 he was
elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and
sat in the House of Representatives the ten
following years, with constantly increasing
influence ; as the late James G. Blaine said
of him, "honest, industrious, generous, true
to every tie, and every obbgation of hfe."
In the House he served on important
committees, notably that of commerce, and
of Pacific railroads, and voluntarily retired
frora Congress in 1875. In 1876 he becarae
interested in the West Wisconsin R. R.,
which, acquiring four other lines, was con
sohdated into the Chicago, St. Paul, Minne
apolis & Oraaha Railroad Co., of which Mr.
Sawyer was vice-president and director until
1880. In 1881 his friends and leading Re

pubhcans in the Legislature elected him to.
the United States Senate, succeeding Hon.
Angus Cameron. In 1887 he was re-elected.
He was chairraan of the Senate coramittee
on railroads in the Forty-seventh and Forty-
eighth Congresses. In the Forty-ninth Con
gress he was chairraan of the coraraittee on
pensions, and has been an active meraber
since 1886, reporting over a thousand special
bills and claims, and in the Fiftieth, Fifty-
first, and Fifty-second Congresses was chair
man of the coraraittee on postoffices and
post roads.
Mr. Sawyer's liberality as a citizen has been
conspicuous in raany ways. His contribu
tions to churches and educational institutions
and deserving objects have marked his ca
reer. His private life was a singularly happy one,
marred only by the loss of his wife in 1888,
forty-seven years after marriage. Mrs. Saw
yer was a woman whose raeraory will live long
in the hearts of the poor ; of a kind and
benevolent nature ; a good woman — a lady
in every sense, by every impulse of her na
ture. Mr. Sawyer was raarried before he was
twenty-five years of age, in 1841, to Melvina
M. Hadley. Their faraily consisted of one
son, Edgar P., the senator's partner ; and
two daughters : Mrs. Howard G. White, of
Syracuse, N. Y., and Mrs. W. O. Goodwin, of
Chicago, 111.
SCOTT, OSCAR D.,of Texarkana, Ark.,
son of Walter and Aurilla (White) Scott was
born August 30, 1843, at Townshend.
Mr. Scott was educated at Leland Semi
nary of Townshend and entered Middlebury
CoUege in 1858 and remained through the
freshman year. In 1865 he returned and
graduated with honor in the class of 1868.
After graduation be read law in the office of
Hill & Safford of St. Albans and was ad
mitted to the bar in October, 1868. Dur
ing these years of study he taught school in
Londonderry, Townshend, Middlebury, Bris
tol, Wallingford and St. Albans.
In 1868 he entered the law office of Hon.
C. Mutzner of Aurora, Ills., and after a short
tirae went to Magnolia, Ark., where he re
raained untU the faU of 1873. He then re
raoved to LewisviUe, Ark., and practiced law
until May, 1875, when a new county being
forraed, Texarkana was selected the county
seat, and to this place he raoved and has
since been engaged in practice.
In 1 87 1 and 1872 he was the attorney for
Colurabia county, and has often been special
judge of the circuit court. In 1886 he was
RepubUcan norainee for justice of the
Supreme Court and in 1888 was on the joint
ticket of the Republican and Union Labor
party as the norainee for chief justice of the

SEVERANCE.

'39

Supreme Court, but in both cases was
" snowed under."
In 1863 he enlisted in Co. F, 17th Regt.
Vt. Vols., and raustered in as corporal, April
12, 1864. He was with his regiment at the
Wilderness when 23 per cent, of its men
were kiUed and wounded ; again at Spott
sylvania when the loss was 25 per cent. He
was severely injured at Cold Harbor, losing
his right foot, and remained in the hospital
untU May, 1865.
In social matters Mr. Scott is a meraber
of the Chi Psi college fraternity. He has
been W. M. of Texarkana Lodge, A. F. &
A. M., and H. P. in Texarkana CouncU, R. A.
M., and E. C. of Coeur de Leon Com
mandery, No. 6, at Texarkana. He has
also been N. G. of Gate City Lodge, I. O.
0. F., and is a meraber of the Elks. He
has also been post commander of Dick
Yates Post, G. A. R.
He was raarried at Wallingford, Jan. 27,
1875, to Cornelia F., daughter of Dr. E. G.
Hulett, and has four chUdren living ; Grace
A., Hulett, Carrie A., and Walter E.
SESSIONS, Walter L., was born in
Brandon; received a coraraon school and
acaderaie education; studied law and has
practiced the profession ; was coraraissioner
of schools for several years ; was a member
of the Asserably of the state of New York in
1853 and 1854; was a member of the state
Senate of New York in 1859, and in 1865 ;
was elected a representative frora New York
in the Forty-second Congress as a Repubh
can ; was re-elected to the Forty-third Con
gress. SEVERANCE, Claudius Milton, of
Keyoto, Japan, son of MUton Leonard and
Eraily Augusta (Spencer) Severance, was
born in West SaUsbury, Nov. 3, 1861. Born
of good old New England stock, and the son
of a clergyman and an accomplished raother,
it was natural that his education should be
gin at home. At the age of nine he began
the study of Latin with his raother and when
thirteen was nearly fitted for coUege in that
language. As the opportunity of taking ad
vantage of a teacher of special abiUty in the
select school at OrweU occurred, Claude was
sent hither. With work on the farra, a terra
as a page in the House of Representatives at
Montpeher, and a short period as clerk m a
store, were the early years of approaching
raanhood passed. In June, 1879, he gradu
ated from Berman Academy and entered
Middlebury CoUege in the faU. Obtaining
a scholarship from general proficiency, and
leading the class in Greek and Latin, were
the features of his university life up to
graduation, in 1883.

Mr. Severance now began the earnest work
of life and found his special ability in Greek
and modern languages, recognized by a posi
tion as professor thereof at Burr & Burton
Seminary at Manchester. After two years
here, during which he completely reviewed
his previous course of education, a trip to
Europe was arranged. Matriculating at the
University of Goettingen, and visiting Ber-

CLAUDIUS MILTON SEVERANCE.
Iin, Dresden and Leipzig, six weeks were
spent at Bonne. After further sight-seeing,
and passing some time in Paris, the return
home via London and Liverpool was accom
phshed. In 1886 Professor Severance received a
caU frora Oahu College, Honolulu, taking the
chair of French, ancient history and elocu
tion. The influences which since childhood
to lead hira into the ministry, here seemed
to culminate, and at the end of a delightful
year of teaching his resignation was handed
in and he entered the Y^ale Divinity School
as a student in 1887. After a year's study,
and during vacation, he preached at various
places in Nebraska, and April 9, 1889, the
Central Association of Congregational Pas
tors of New Haven, Conn., granted Mr.
Severance a license to preach upon a full
examination of his theological beliefs. In
tbe early part of 1890 he was commissioned
a missionary of the American Board of Com
missioners for Foreign Missions, to Japan.
In May of this year his graduation took
place at the Divinity School, and he was or-

I40

SHAW.

SHERMAN.

dained in September at Ehot Church, New
ton, Mass., and sailed .for Japan.
While in Japan bis marriage to Almona
GiU, daughter of Edward and Esther Gill, of
North Monroeville, Ohio, took place July 12,
1892. Mrs. Severance is an accomphshed
and charming woraan, a graduate of Ober
lin (Ohio) College, and herself a missionary
at this time. The sturdy and aggressive
character of the Verraonter stiU raanifests
itself in his character and his work in
Japan, where his rapid acquirement of the
language and his earnest work have earned
for hira a reraarkable reputation, and be is
greatly endeared.
SHAW Henry, was born in Windhara
county ; studied law with Judge Foote, in
Albany, N. Y., and settled in practice in
Lanesborough, Mass., at the age of twenty-
two ; he was nominated for Congress before
he was eligible, and was subsequently elected,
in 1 8 16, to the Sixteenth Congress, and voted
for the Missouri coraproraise, wbich pre
vented his re-election. Hewas a raember of
the Massachusetts Legislature for eighteen
years, also a meraber of the Governor's coun
cil, and was the pioneer in the manufacturing
prosperity of Western Massachusetts. In
1833 he was also a presidential elector. In
1848 he removed to New York, and resided
at Fort Washington, on the Hudson ; was a
raember of the board of education in New
York City, and two years in the comraon
council, and in 1853 was a raember of the
Assembly. He removed to Newburg in 1854,
where he resided until within a few months of
his death which occurred at Peekskill, Oct.
17, 1857, aged seventy-nine years.
SHERMAN, Elijah B., of Chicago, was
born in Fairfield, June 18, 1832. His father,
Elias H. Sherman, was of English descent
and his mother, Clarissa CWilraarth) Sher
man, of Anglo- Welsh ancestry.
Until twenty-one years of age he had the
usual experience of a farmer's boy in Ver
raont, hard work and plenty of it, terapered
by the luxury of attending the district
schools in the winter. In 1854 Mr. Sher
raan became a clerk in a drug store in Bran
don, and in 1855 began fitting for coUege in
Brandon Serainary, afterwards continued his
studies at Burr Serainary, Manchester. He
entered Middlebury College in 1856, and
was graduated with honors in i860.
After teaching in South Woodstock and
Brandon Serainary, he enlisted, in May,
1862, a private in Co. C, 9th Vt. Infantry,
was soon after elected lieutenant, and served
with his regiraent until January, 1863, when
he resigned, the regiment having been cap
tured at Harper's Ferry, being then in en
forced idleness at Camp Douglass, Chicago.

Entering immediately upon the study of
law, he graduated from the law department
of the University of Chicago in 1864 and
entered upon the successful practice of his
profession. In 1876 hewas elected repre
sentative to the lUinois Legislature and re
elected in 1878. His thorough training and
ripe scholarship, coupled with his experience
at the bar and profound knowledge of the
law, gave hira a high rank as a legislator. In
1877 he was coraraissioned by Governor
CuUora as judge advocate ofthe first brigade
of the Illinois National Guards, with rank of
heutenant-colonel and performed the duties
of that office for several years. In 1879 Mr.
Sherman was appointed one of the masters in
chancery of the circuit court of the United

ELIJAH B. SHERMAN.

States for the northern district of IlUnois, a
position he stiU holds. His thorough famib
iarity with the principles and procedure
of chancery courts, coupled with unusual
habits of industry, apphcation and accuracy,
enabled hira to achieve erainence in this im
portant branch of judicial labor. In 1882
he becarae president of the Illinois State Bar
Association, and delivered the annual ad
dresses before that body. For several years
Mr. Sherraan has been a member and an
officer of the American Bar Association, and
has taken an active part in the deliberations
of that national body.
In 1885 he received from Middlebury Cob
lege the honorary degree of LL. D., a recog
nition prized the more highly because that

SHERMAN.

SHERMAN.

141

conservative institution confers the degree
upon very few of its raany distinguished
sons. Mr. Sherraan, not content with being
a lawyer and jurist, has taken dehght in
scientific research and Belles Lettres. Pos
sessed of a fine literary taste and being mas
ter of a style at once incisive, perspicuous
and pleasing, his literary productions and
pubhc addresses have given hira high rank as
a hterateur, orator and critic.
In 1874 Mr. Sherraan was elected grand
master of the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows
of IlUnois, and in 1875 a representative to
the Sovereign Grand Lodge. He is a mera
ber of the Union League Club, a 3 2d degree
Mason, a raeraber of the Mihtary Order of
the Loyal Legion, and of the Grand Army.
He has been president of the lUinois Asso
ciation of the Sons of Vermont, and has de
livered several addresses at their banquets,
fuU of tender pathos and genial huraor.
In 1866 he raarried Miss Hattie G. Lov-
ering of Iowa Falls, Iowa. His only son,
Bernis W. Sherman, following his father's
exaraple, gfaduated at Middlebury College
in 1890, from the Union CoUege of Law,
Chicago, in 1892, was iraraediately adraitted
to the bar, and entered upon the practice of
the law.
SHERMAN, Edgar Jay, of Lawrence,
Mass., son of David and Fanny (KendaU)
Sherman, was born in Weathersfield, Nov.
28, 1834. About 1632 Edjnund Sherman
and wife eraigrated to America frora Dedhara,
England, and settled in Watertown ; removed
to Weathersfield, Conn., and finally fixed
their abode in New Haven, where they died.
There are two distinct branches of the Sher
man family in this country. From the branch
whose ancestor is recorded above sprang the
paternal ancestry of Gen. WiUiam T. Sher
raan and United States Senator John Sherraan
of Ohio, as weU as that of the subject of this
sketch. Mr. Sherman attended the district schools
of Weathersfield until he had attained his six
teenth year, and was then sent to study in the
Wesleyan Seminary in Springfield. Here he
reraained until his parents reraoved to Law
rence, Mass. There he entered upon a
course of private study under the tuition of
Professor Pike, which he prosecuted for
several years, teaching school during the
winter raonths in Barnstable county, Mass.
He began the study of law in 1855, and in
March, 1858, was admitted to the bar. He
immediately began legal practice and forraed
a copartnership with Hon. Daniel Saun
ders. These relations lasted until 1864.
He was subsequently associated with John
K. Tarbox (raember of Congress and in
surance commissioner of Massachusetts),
untU 1870, after which he was in practice

alone until 1878, when he formed a partner
ship with Charles U. Bell, which terrainated
in 1887. Mr. Sherraan was clerk of the
Lawrence police court from 1859 to 1861,
when he resigned.
I- tin 1862 he enUsted as a private inthe
48th Regt. Mass. Vols., and was soon elected
and commissioned captain of Co. F. He
was sent to the department of the Gulf, do
ing exceUent service, notably at the second
assault on Port Hudson, for which he was
breveted raajor for gallant and raeritorious
conduct. At the expiration of his terra of
service, he returned horae, and when the
eneray atterapted a raid on Washington, he
organized a railitary corapany at two days

EDGAR JAY SHERMAN. .
notice, and again went to the front as cap
tain in the faraous 6th Mass. Regt. With it
he corapleted the required terra of service
and then returned once raore to civU life.
In 1865 Mr. Sherraan received his first
election to the House of Representatives.
In 1866 he was re-elected; and was ap
pointed judge advocate the same year upon
the division staff, state militia, with the rank
of major. In 1867 hewas promoted to the
position of assistant adjutant-general and
chief of Major General B. F. Butler's staff,
with the rank of colonel. This office he
held until 1876.
In 1868 Colonel Sherman was elected dis
trict attorney for the eastern district of
Massachusetts, and received the honor of
five consecutive re-elections. He resigned

142

SHERMAN.

SHERMAN.

this office to accept that of attorney-general
of the commonwealth, to which office he had
been nominated and elected in 1882 on the
Repubhcan state ticket, and was re-elected
to this office five consecutive times. This
office he resigned Oct. i, 1887, to accept
the appoinment of associate justice of the
superior court, which position he now holds.
In 1884 he received frora Dartmouth Col
lege the honorary degree of A. M. He was
appointed by Chief Justice Chase a register
in bankruptcy under the U- S. bankrupt law,
and held that office from 1867 to 1876.
P'or many years he was a meraber of the
standing coraraittee of the Essex Bar Asso
ciation. He was a director in the Lawrence
National Bank frora 1872 to 1888; and a
trustee of the Broadway Savings Bank sev
eral years.
Judge Sherman is indebted for his briUiant
success to his own native abilities, assiduous
self-culture, indomitable persistence and com
raendable self-reliance.
Mr. Sherman was married, Nov. 24, 1868,
to .Ybbie Louise, daughter of Stephen P.
and Fanny B. Simmons of Lawrence. Of
this union were six children : Fred Francis
(now chaplain in the navy), Fannie May,
Ehzabeth (now Mrs. Henry Souther), Mal
vina (now Mrs. Frank D. Carney), Roland
Henry, and Abbie Maude.
SHERMAN, LINUS E., of Colorado
Springs, Cob, son of Elias H. and Clarissa
(Wilmarth) Sherman, was born in Fairfield,
June 30, 1835.
His early education was acquired by at
tending the district schools and at twenty
he prepared for college at Bakersfield Acad
emy and Burr & Burton Seminary ; entered
Middlebury College and graduated with the
class of '61, taking the degree of A. M. in
course. Mr. Sherraan was principal of Black River
Acaderay in 1866, and in 1867 engaged in
the drug business in which he successfully
continued until 1876, when he removed to
Colorado where he foUowed raercantile pur
suits for several years, and afterward en
gaged in legal practice before the United
States Land Office at Denver, and was ad
mitted as an attorney before the interior de
partment, and now enjoys an extensive and
lucrative practice as a mineral land attorney
and pension lawyer.
Mr. Sherraan has always been too fully
occupied with business affairs to devote
rauch time to pohtics, although he has al
ways perforraed his duties as a citizen. He
was a raeraber of the Vermont constitutional
convention in 1869, and was a member of
the city council at Colorado Springs, Cob,
in 1879.

Mr. Sherman raarried, May 16, 1866, at
Dunhara, P. Q., Jennie C, daughter of R.
L. and Paraelia Galer. Of this union were
three children : Clarence G., Agnes M., and
Gertrude C. Mrs. Sherraan died Nov. 17,
1877. He was again raarried, Jan. 20, 1881,
to Louise B., daughter of Charles P. and
Naorai P. Gould of Salera, Mass. Of this
union is one daughter : Marian H.

LINUS E. SHERMAN.
Mr. Sherraan was the first raan in Frankhn
county to respond when the caU of May,
1862, was raade for troops. He enUsted in
Co. A, 9th Vt. Vols., was elected lieutentant
and subsequently promoted to captain, [in
which capacity he served untU the surrender
of Lee. He was in aU tbe batties in which
his regiment engaged except that of Harper's
Ferry, when he was sick and a prisoner at
Winchester, Va. ; was detailed upon staff
duty and was provost raarshal at Newport
Barracks, N. C. A meraber of the G. A. R.
since 1868, he has been a raeraber of the
departraent councU of adrainistration and is
at present past post commander of the Colo
rado Springs Post. He is a meraber of the
First Baptist Church of Colorado Springs and
has served as deacon for twelve years.
SHERMAN, SOCRATES N., was born in
Vermont, and elected a representative from
New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
serving on the committee on expenditures
in the Interior Department.

SMITH.
SMITH, Emerson Hall, of Fargo,
North Dakota, son of Major Richard and
Frances (Hall) Sraith, was born in Tun
bridge, April 8, 1854. His grandfather,
Eben Smith, Esq., was English, an extensive
land holder and one of the early settiers in
Cabot. His grandmother, Abigail (Steele)
Smith, was a niece of Dr. Shurtieff who was
for so raany years connected with Dart
mouth CoUege, and was aunt to the late
Judge Benjamin H. Steele. She was of
Scotch and English descent. Her ancestors
located the present city of Hartford, Conn.
His mother was a sister of the Hon. Emerson
Hall of St. Johnsbury, whose parents were
English and Scotch.

SMITH.

143

EMERSON HALL SMITH.

During Mr. Smith's boyhood he worked
on his father's farm and attended the public
schools. Later he attended the Randolph
Norraal School, St. Johnsbury Academy, and
graduated from the Meriden (N. H.) Acad
eray. In 1882 he graduated frora Dartmouth
CoUege. He was principal of tbe Newmarket (N.
H.) high school from 1882 to 1884; from
1884 to 1 89 1 he was superintendent of the
public schools of the city of Fargo, North
Dakota. With characteristic energy and
abihty he raised these schools to a standard
unsurpassed by the best New England
schools. In 1890 he was offered the state
superintendency of public instruction for
North Dakota, but declined the appointment.
In 1892 he was elected a trustee and a mera

ber of the executive coraraittee of Fargo
College. During the sarae year he was
elected raayor of the city of Fargo, in which
election he carried every ward in the city.
This office he stiU holds. In politics he is
a Republican. Mr. Smith was raarried, August 16, 1882,
to EUa, daughter of Aldice E. and Ehzabeth
( Drew) Knight of Irasburgh. Of this union
there is one daughter : Helen Eliza.
SMITH, H. Boardman, was born at
Whitinghara, August 18, 1826 ; graduated at
WiUiaras College in 1847 ; studied law, and
practiced ; was appointed by the Governor
of New York judge of the Cheraung county
courts, September, 1859, and in the foUowing
Noveraber was elected to the same office ;
was elected a representative frora New York
in the Forty-second Congress as a Repub
hcan ; was re-elected to the Forty-third
Congress ; Liberal and Democrat.
SMITH, Hezekiah B., of Smithville, N.
J., was born at Bridgewater July 26, 1816 ;
received a common school education ;
learned the trade of a cabinet maker ; for
raany years has been engaged in perfecting
.wood working raachinery; is the inventor of
a nuraber of wood-working raachines ; since
1865 has been largely engaged in the raanu
facture of wood raachinery at Smithville, N.
J. ; never has held any public position pre
vious to his election to the Forty-sixth Con
gress as a Deraocrat and Greenbacker.
SMITH, JOHN Butler, of HiUsborough,
N. H., was born in Rockingham, AprU 12,
1838, and was the son of Ararai and Lydia
(Butler) Sraith. His paternal ancestor was
Lieut. Thoraas Sraith, a sturdy representa
tive of the race known as Scotch-Irish.
His parents reraoving to HiUsborough,
N. H., when he was nine years of age, he
received his educational training at the pub
lic schools of that town, and subsequently
entered Francestown Acaderay, where he
graduated in 1854. He first obtained era
ployraent at Henniker, then at Manchester,
and later at New Boston. In 1863 he began
his business career by the purchase of a
drug store in Manchester, which he success
fully conducted for a year, when he estab
lished in the town of Washington a factory
for the production of knit goods. A year
later he leased the Sawyer woolen raill at
North Weare, and in 1866 he buUt at HUls-
borough Bridge a sraall raill, which was the
beginning of the extensive knit goods factory
now owned and operated by the Contoocook
Mills Co., of which he is the president and
principal owner. For seventeen years, frora
1863, Mr. Smith resided in Manchester,
although his business was elsewhere, and he
is now largely interested in the real estate

144

SMITH.

SMITH.

of that city and otherwise identified with its
people. Since 1880 he has been a resident
of HiUsborough, and has also been engaged
in the coraraission business (knit goods) in
Boston and New Y^ork since 1884.
Mr Smith was united in marriage, Nov. i,
1883, to Eraraa E., daughter of Stephen
Lavender, of Boston, Mass. Of this union
were three children : Butler Lavender
(deceased), Archibald Lavender, and Nor
raan.

-.r^

JOHN BUTLER SMITH.

In politics Mr. Smith is a Republican,
earnest, uncoraiiromising, ready and willing.
He was one of the Republican electors of
the state in 1884; a member of Governor
Sawyer's council in i887-'89 ; and chair
raan of the Republican state coraraittee in
the early part of the carapaign of 1890.
September 6, 1892, he was nominated by
acclamation in full convention the candidate
of his party for the gubernatorial seat of
the state of New Hampshire, and was elect
ed in the following November by a majority
of the votes of the people, without recourse
to the Legislature, as had been the case for
ten years past. Governor Smith has now
held the exalted position for over a year
and has served to popular acceptance, con
ducting the affairs of state in a manner in
which all Vermonters may take a just pride.
A meraber of the Congregational church.
Governor Smith takes a deep interest in
matters religious and gives liberally of his
means for the upholding and upbuilding of

mankind. He is affiliated with the Masonic
body of his town.
Of a bright and genial personahty. Gov
ernor Sraith not only commands the respect,
but wins the love of all who come in con
tact with him.
SMITH, JOHN Sabine, of New York,
son of John S. and Caroline (Sabine) Smith,
was born April 24, 1843, at Randolph. His
father was a practicing physician in that
town for over fifty years.
His early education was received at the
Orange county school and he was graduated
at Trinity College in 1863, at the head of his
class. After graduation he taught school at Troy,
N. Y., and studied law with Hon. George
Gould, ex-judge of the Supreme Court, and
was adraitted to the bar at Poughkeepsie in
1868. He located in the practice of law in

JOHN SABINE SMITH.

New York City in 1869, at first as associate
with Hon. Williara E. Curtis, who afterward
becarae chief justice of the Superior Court.
He has since been engaged in general im
portant cases and representing large financial
interests. Mr. Smith has always been a Repubhcan.
He had charge as chairraan of the Repub
hcan League of the state of New Y'ork in the
campaign of 1888. He was chairman of
the campaign committee of the Repubhcan
Club of tbe city of New York in 1892 and
was a candidate for the office of surrogate of

SOMERS.

SOUTHWORTH.

145

the city and county of New York the same
year, receiving the highest vote of any can
didate, national, state or local, on the ticket.
He is now (1893) president of tbe Repub
lican Club of the city of New York and of
the Republican county coraraittee of the city
and county of New York. In tbe Repub
lican state convention of 1893, he received
the almost unanimous vote of the great dele
gation of New York county for candidate for
judge of the Court of Appeals of the state of
New York.
Mr. Smith is a meraber of the University
Club, the Lawyers' Club, the Church Club
and several other social institutions. He is
president of the Association of the Alurani of
Trinity College and a raeraber of the Phi
Betta Kappa Alumni Society of New York
City. He is also president of the Society of
Medical Jurisprudence.
SOMERS, Harvey C, of San Fran
cisco, Cal., son of Jaraes and Elizabeth
(HaU) Soraers, was born in Danville, Jan.
24, 1841.
He was educated in the district schools
and at Phillips Acaderay. In 1858, when
but seventeen years old, he went to Califor
nia, and was engaged in the water business
for two years, and was in the eraploy of the
United States for one year. Subsequently
he went to Arizona on a mining expedition.
He returned to San Francisco, and in March,
1864, estabhshed the hay and grain business
under the firra name of Rider, Somers & Co.,
which firra continued for twenty-two years.
He is now engaged in the same business
under the firm name of Somers & Co. The
firra are raembers of the San Francisco Pro
duce Exchange Board and do an extensive
business in theh line, having large ware
houses at 534 and 536 Sixth street and
Pier 22, Stewart street.
Mr. Somers was married to Miss Ehza F.
Waterman, of Thomaston, Me., in 1866, and
they have three children— a daughter and
two sons.
SOMERS, WILLIAM James, of San
Francisco, Cab, son of James and Elizabeth
(HaU) Somers, was born Dec. 21, 1830, at
Danville. He received his education in his native
town, and on the day he attained his raajority
started for California by way of Panaraa.
On arriving in San Francisco he iraraediately
raade arrangements to go to the raines m
Sonora county, where he spent one season m
mining, and then returned to San Fancisco.
Here be acquired an interest in the water
business, the supply at that time being con
fined to a few weUs, frora which consumers
were supplied by carts.

Subsequently he received tbe appointraent
of assistant melter and refiner in the United
States Mint, which position he held for about
fifteen years, through various changes of ad
ministration. His health corapelled hira to
retire, however, and he spent nearly two
years in the corapany of his faraily, traveling
in various parts of the United States. Upon
his return to San Francisco he was solicited
to assurae his old position for the purpose of

WILLIAM JAMES SOMERS.

organizing the melting and refining depart
ment in the new mint. He accepted the
position, stipulating that he might employ
his old associates. When the department
was thoroughly organized he retired from
that position, and has since devoted himself
to real estate interests.
SOUTHWORTH, HiLAND, of Abilene,
Kan., son of Seyraour W. and Rachael (Sher
raan) South worth, was born Sept. 26, 1849,
at Clarendon.
Mr. Southworth's parents reraoved to Mid
dletown when he was quite young, and in the
district schools of tbe town and the Fort Ed
ward (N. Y.) Collegiate Institute, he prepared
to enter Middlebury College, and graduated
frora the latter institution with the class of
1875- Shortly after graduation he reraoved to
Rosendale, Wis., and taught school, and in
1876 he went to Kansas. Taking up the law,
he successfully pursued its study and was ad
mitted to practice in the spring of 1878, and
continued in active business until 1885. He

146

SPARROW.

SPALDING.

then became financial correspondent for East
ern capitahsts and is now engaged in that
business. Mr. Southworth is prominent in social or
ganizations and a meraber of the Presby
terian church.

HILAND SOUTHWORTH.
He was raarried to Ella E. Walker, the
eldest daughter of Noah S. and Sarah A. Walk
er, of Chippenhook, Vt., June 14, 1882.
SPARROW, Bradford P., of Hart-
wood, son of Abner Doty and Alraira M.
(Shepard) Sparrow, was born April 8, 1843,
at Calais.
Mr. Sparrow received his education in the
common schools until twenty years of age.
At twenty-three he continued study at the
Washington county grammar school, under
Prof. D. D. Gorham, at the same time teach
ing in the vicinity and acting as messenger
at the state library during two sessions of
the Legislature, to obtain the means. Hav
ing been drafted frora the town of Elraore,
July 17, 1863, military service postponed a
continuance of his studies during the inter
vening period. At Middlebury CoUege he
obtained a scholarship and graduated with
the class of 1874. In the same year he en
tered Columbian Law School, graduating in
1876. Mr. Sparrow's experience in the army and
southern prisons greatly injured his health
and interfered with his life's plan. Joining
Co. K, 4th Vt. Vols., at the age of twenty

years, he passed two years in the field and
was discharged from McDougaU Hospital in
New York harbor June 17, 1865, as unfit for
service. He participated in all the engage
raents of his regiment while a member of it
including the batties of the Wilderness ; and
on the 23d of June, 1864, with 2,000 of his
comrades was captured near Petersburg, Va.
and hurried through Richmond and BeUe
Isle to AndersonviUe prison in Georgia.
Here he remained until April i 8, 1865, when
he was exchanged and delivered to Union
officers near JacksonviUe, Fla., so emaciated
and weak as to be unable to march, barely
escaping with his life after a captivity of
over ten raonths.
In July, 1876, he became the assistant
clerk of the Supreme Court of the District
of Columbia, performing the duties of
clerk for the criminal departraent of the
court until 1880, when considerations of
health made it advisa'ole to exchange city
for country life. In 1882 he purchased a
tract of land in Caroline county, Virginia,
and engaged in lumbering and farming
operations. He is now an enthusiastic Vir
ginian, in love with its cliraate and re
sources. SPALDING, Burleigh F., of Fargo,
North Dakota, was born to Rev. Benjamin
P. and Ann (Folsom) Spalding, in Crafts
bury, Dec. 3, 1853. His ancestors, both
paternal and maternal, came to America
from England about the year 1630, settling
in the Massachusetts colony. His mother
died when he was but eight years of age,
but so tender, yet potential, had been her
home training during those brief years that
the early sorrow served but to intensify in
the raind of the lad the earnest longing to
sometirae accoraplish the fulfiUraent of the
lofty ideal of which her life had been to him
the living exaraple.
Arabitious of acquiring soraething more
than a comraon school education — all that
the faraily circumstances afforded — he reso
lutely set himself to the task of procuring,
by his own efforts, not only the means but
the preparatory fitting to enable hira to
enter upon a collegiate course, and he grad
uated frora Norwich University in 1877. In
the sarae year he became principal of
Albany Academy, resigning his position in
i8"78 to enter the law office of Gleason &
Field, Montpelier.
Admitted to the Washington county bar
in 1880, and much irapressed witb the rapid
developraent of the far West, he at once
removed to Fargo, a small but growing town
on the Red River of the North, in the then
territory of Dakota.
In November, 1880, he was united in
raarriage to Alida Baker, daughter of David

SPALDING.

SPRING.

147

and Emily (Cuder) Baker, of Glover. Of
this union are four children : Deane Baker,
Frances Folsom, Roscoe Conkling and Bur
leigh Mason.
In 1 881 he formed a law partnership with
Charles F. Templeton, a young Verraonter,
and this relationship continued untU the
latter's appointraent to the Supreme Bench
of the territory by President Cleveland.
Then followed a partnership with George H.
Phelps, also from Vermont, and later on
association with Hon. Seth Newman in the
present legal firm of Newman, Spalding &
Phelps, recognized as one of the leading law
firms in tbe Northwest.

BURLEIGH F. SPALDING.
In 1890 he organized the Merchants State
Bank of Fargo and becarae its president and
attorney. In politics Mr. Spalding has always been
a Republican and is araong the leaders of
that party in the Northwest. He has never
sought office, but has been elected to several
of iraportance. He was superintendent of
public instruction of Cass county m 1882-
'83 • a raember of the commission to re
locate the capUal of the territory and con
struct capitol buildings in 1883, to which
office he was elected by tbe Legislature with
out his knowledge ; a meraber of the Con
stitutional Convention in 1889, where he was
comraended for his opposition to many of
the extreme measures proposed, and was one
of the originators of the moveraent to locate
the public institutions by constitution, doing

much to secure the adoption of this measure ;
served as a member and chairman of raany
important committees, the judicial depart
ment, school and public lands and the joint
commission provided by Congress to divide
the archives and property of the Territory
between the new states. He is now chair
man of the Republican state central cora
mittee and is credited with being one of the
most skUlful organizers in the state. Mr.
Spalding is a clear, concise and convincing
speaker, both at the bar and in debate, and
is a raan of strong individuahty exerting a
raarked influence in all proceedings, in which
he participates. He is a genuine Yankee
and has never been asharaed of the place of
his nativity.
SPRING, Leverett Wilson, of Wiu-
iarastown, Mass., son of Edward and Martha
(Atwood) Spring, was born in Grafton, Jan.
5, 1840.
Doctor Spring received his theological
education at Hartford Theological Serainary.
His early education was received at Burr &
Burton Seminary at Manchester, where he
fitted for WiUiaras CoUege, receiving his de
gree at the latter institution with the class of
1863. Hewas a graduate student at Andover
Theological Serainary during raost of the year
i866-'67, at the sarae tirae. supplying for a
period the pulpit of the Congregational church
in Castleton. In the winter of 1868 he sup
phed the church in Middlebury when a call
was accepted to a projected church in Fitch
burg, Mass. A church was soon organized
and a fine house of worship erected and a
large congregation gathered under the narae
of the Rollstone Church.
Dr. Spring, in consequence of iU-health,
resigned in 1875, and in the suraraer of 1876
removed to Lawrence, Kan., and became
pastor of Plyraouth Church, the oldest, and
for raany years the largest church in the
state. He resigned this pastorate in 1881
to accept the chair of English hterature in
the University of Kansas. In 1885 he pub
lished a history of Kansas, a book in which
the writer endeavored to set down the truth,
although aware that it raight not be accept
able to various excitable factions of the pop
ulation. On resigning, in 1886, to accept
the chair of English literature in Williams
CoUege, he received frora the University the
degree of D. D.
Dr. Spring's hterary work is quite exten
sive. In 1888 he published a raonograph
entitled "Mark Hopkins' Teacher," and has
contributed various raagazine articles.
Septeraber 25, 1867, Dr. Spring married
Elizabeth, the eldest daughter of Prof. Will
iara Thorapson of Hartford Theological
Serainary.

148

SQUIRE.

SQUIRE.

SQUIRE, John Peter, late of Boston,
Mass., was the son of Peter and Esther
Squire and was bcrrn in the town of Weath
ersfield, May 8, 1819.
The years of his boyhood were spent at
his home, attending the public schools and
working on the farm. May i, 1835, he went
to work for Mr. Orvis, who kept the village
store at West Windsor. He left this posi
tion in the faU of 1837 and attended the
acaderay at Unity, N. H. He taught school
at Cavendish during a part of the winter of
i837-'38.

JOHN PETER SQUIRE.
March 19, 1838, he went to Boston and
entered the eraployraent of Nathan Robbins
in Faneuil Hall raarket. He left Mr. Rob
bins April 30, 1842, and formed a copart
nership with Francis RusseU and carried on
the provision business under the style of
Russell & Squire untU 1847, when the firm
was dissolved, and Mr. Squire continued
alone at the same place until the year 1855,
when he forraed a copartnership with
Hiland Lockwood and Edward D. Kimball
under the name of John P. Squire & Co. At
this time Mr. Squire bought a tract of land
situated oh Miller's river in East Cambridge,
and built a slaughter house where the hogs
were slaughtered for the firra of John P.
Squire & Co. Additional pieces of land
were bought frora tirae to time adjoining
this first parcel and situated in SomerviUe on
the other side of MiUer's river, which are
now included In the tract of land covered by

the large refrigerator, packing house and
other buildings used in connection with the
business of John P. Squire & Co. Several
raen were associated with Mr. Squire in the
pork packing business as his partners up to
the 30th of AprU, 1892, when the business
was transferred to John P. Squire & Co.
Corporation ; the other raembers of the cor
poration at the time of his death were two of
Mr. Squire's sons, Frank 0. and Fred F.
Squire. Mr. Squire was always a man abreast ofthe
tiraes and frora a smaU and modest begin
ning buUt up a pork-packing business, which
now ranks the third in the United States.
If it is 'any credit to have brought things to
pass, surely to have developed the business
from its sraall beginning to its present pro
portion reflects lasting credit on Mr. Squire,
the founder and late senior raember. The
same energy and ability which Mr. Squire
showed in his business would have been
Ukely to bring him success in nearly any
other walk in life, but Mr. Squire seemed to
have been born for a business life, for, when
he returned to his native state early in life to
resume his studies, the allurements of a busb
ness Ufe, of which he had had a shght taste
in his sojourn at Boston, seriously interfered
with his ability to apply his mind to his
studies again and resulted finally in calUng
him away therefrora to the raetropolis of
New England again to take up that occupa
tion, which finally resulted in placing him in
the position which he occupied in financial
and comraercial circles at the tirae of his
death. He was always a firra believer in real es
tate and had large interests in Revere, Som
erviUe, Cambridge, Boston, Arhngton and
Belmont. He was a man of strong will and
great tenacity of purpose and of very modest
and unassuming demeanor. He joined the
Mercantile Library Association when he
first went to Boston and spent a good deal of
his spare tirae in reading, of which he was
always very fond.
In 1843 he married Kate Green Orvis,
the daughter of his old employer. Eleven
children were born of this raarriage, nine of
whora are living : George W., Jennie C,
Frank O., Minnie E., John A., Kate I., Fred
F., and Bessie E. Charles G. died in in
fancy and NelUe G. died Oct. 13, 1891.
Mr. Squire in 1848 raoved to West Cam
bridge (now caUed ArUngton), and built
one of the most beautiful homes in the town,
where he lived surrounded by his charming
faraily up to the tirae of his death which
occurred Jan. 7, 1893.
A raan of great inteUect, unassuraing,
raodest and courteous to aU, he won the re
spect and friendship of aU with whom he
came in contact.

STANDISH.

STETSON.

149

STANDISH, John Van Ness, of
Galesburg, IU., son of John W. and Caroline
W. (Myrick) Standish, was born at Wood
stock, Feb. 26, 1825.
Mr. Standish attended the Liberal Insti
tute of Lebanon, N. H., and was for several
years under the instruction of Prof. J. C. C.
Hoskins, and graduated from Norwich Uni
versity, then under the management of Gen.
T. B. Ransom, in July, 1847. During his
college course, he obtained the means there
for by teaching in the winter raonths.

JOHN VAN NESS STANDISH.
The profession of a teacher Mr. Standish
has followed whh success and enthusiasra
for more than hah a century. In 1854 he
coramenced his work at Lombard as pro
fessor of mathematics and astronomy, a po
sition he filled with credit and usefulness for
nearly forty years. Since 1892 he has been
president of Lombard University.
President Standish has thrice visited Eu
rope, in 1879, 1883, and 1892, and during
his second visit he traveled over forty thous
and miles, visiting interesting and historic
points in nearly every European country,
Northern Africa, Egypt and Palestine.
President Standish is a Repubhcan. He
has a very fine and extensive library and has
given much thought to political subjects, but
has never sought or accepted office, devot
ing aU his energies to a coraprehensive prep
aration for the duties of his profession
which he has made a life work. In June,
ng the degree of Ph. D. was conferred
upon him by Knox College, and in June,

1893, the degree of LL. D. by St. Lawrence
University. President Standish was married March
24, 1859, to Harriet Augusta, daughter of
Francis and Rebecca (Stowe) KendaU.
STETSON, Emrie Benjamin, of
Charlestown, Mass., son of Ezra and Clarissa
(Adams) Stetson, was born Jan. 2, 1825, at
W^ilmington. Mr. Stetson's career is in many ways typi
cal ; possessed of the training of the coramon
schools of his horae, a long career, character
ized by integrity and energy has brought hira
to the honored consideration of his fellows.
Reraaining on the farm until of age, he
sought for advancement in Boston. His first
eraployraent was in driving a bread-cart for
Orin Gilraore, of Charlestown. He passed
two years at this occupation and then worked
a few raonths in various capacities at the
Perkins Institution for the Blind and at the

EMRIE BENJAMIN STETSON.

hotels of Boston, finally returning home, to
the town of Dover, and engaged in black-
smithing. After four years he sold out and
returned to Boston and became a partner
with his first eraployer in the baking business.
Success attended hira in this and after ten
years he went into business upon his own ac
count and has carried it on for thirty years,
acquiring fortune and the esteem of his asso
ciates. For many years he has been a
director and one of the coraraittee of in
vestment of the Charlestown Five Cent Sav-

ISO

STEVENS.

STONE.

ings Bank. He is also a director of the
Charlestown Mutual Fire Insurance Co., and
was president of the Odd Fellows Mutual
Benefit Society in i89i,-'92, and '93.
In politics he was a Whig during the life
of the party, and then a Republican ; to-day
he votes for the best raan, regardless of his
affiliation. In social organizations he has long been
prominent, having occupied the chairs in
the Bunker HUl Lodge, I. O. O. F., and
Bunker HiU Encampment ; in the Knights
of Honor, Daughters of Rebeckah and other
organizations. Mr. Stetson was married, Feb. 3, 1852, at
West Dover, to Mirriara Owen, and has four
chUdren : Florence Adelaide Bickford, Clara
Adelia Howard, Eva Angelea (deceased),
Walter Erarie, and Gertrude Miriam Fitch.
STEVENS, Hiram S., was born at
Weston in 1832 ; received a common school
education there ; removed to New Mexico in
185 1 and in 1856 located in tbat part of
Mexico now known as Arizona ; was a mera
ber of the territorial Legislature from Arizona
1868-1873; was elected a delegate from
Arizona in the Forty-fourth Congress as an
independent candidate ; was re-elected to the
Forty-fifth Congress.
STEVENS, Thaddeus, was born in
Caledonia county, April 4, 1793 ; graduated
at Dartraouth College in 1814; during
tbat year he reraoved to Pennsylvania, stud
ied law and taught in an academy at the
same tirae; in 1816 was adraitted to the
bar in Adaras county; in 1833 was elected
to the state Legislature, and also in 1834,
1835, 1837 and 1841 ; in 1836 was elected
a raeraber of the convention to revise the
state constitution; in 1838 was appointed a
canal coraraissioner; in 1842 he reraoved
to Lancaster ; and in 1848 was elected a
representative frora Pennsylvania to the
Thirty-first Congress, also to the Thirty-
second ; andin 1858 was re-elected tothe
Thirty-sixth Congress, and also to the
Thirty-seventh; in 1862 hewas re-elected
to the Thirty-eighth Congress ; he was also
a delegate to the Baltiraore convention of
1864; and re-elected to the Thirty-ninth
Congress. Many a joke, good and bad, is credited to
Thaddeus Stevens. One of the very keenest
of his jests, which is undoubtedly authentic,
is so coraraonplace in sound that one might
easily be forgiven for failing to take in its
raeaning. In his last days David Reese and
John Chauncey, two eraployes of the House
of Representatives, used to carry hira in a
large arra chair, from his lodging across the
public grounds, up the broad steps of the
capitol. "Who," he said to them one day,

" will be so good to me, and bear rae in their
strong arras, when you two mighty men are
gone ? " Such a question implied nothing
short of a sense of intellectual immortality.
When he had taken to his bed for the last
time, a visitor told hira he was looking weU.
" Oh, John," was the quick reply, " It's not
my appearance, but ray disappearance that
troubles rae ! "
One day a meraber of the House of Rep
resentatives, who was noted for his uncertain
course on all questions, and who confessed
that he never investigated a point under
discussion without finding hiraself a neutral,
asked for leave of absence. " Mr. Speaker,"
said Stevens, " I do not rise to object, but to
suggest that the honorable raeraber need not
ask this favor, for he can easily pair off with
himself!" STONE, Ashley, late of Hinsdale, N.
H., son of Ebenezer and Lydia (Streeter)
Stone, was born in Hinsdale, July 7, 1816.

ASHLEY STONE.

He attended the district schools of his
native town until fifteen years of age. Leav
ing horae in August, 1 831, he walked to Mil
ford, Mass., where he learned the painter's
trade. By working at his trade he earned
means to study at the Milford Academy, but
was not able to take a coUege course. Mr.
Stone was endowed with a keen, logical
raind, a good memory, and a desire for
knowledge. Throughout his busy life he
made study his recreation and so supple-

STONE.

STONE.

151

¦mented his scanty early advantages that few
coUege graduates were so thoroughly weU
read as he.
For several years he worked at his trade
in Milford and Dorchester, Mass. ; the win
ter of 1836-37 was spent in Virgina and
the city of Washington for a pubhshing
house in placing "A Magazine of Useful and
Entertaining Knowledge." In the spring
¦of 1837 he went to Searsburg to care for his
father's family and he carried on his trade
in that and neighboring towns until the fall
of 1843. He then went to Boston to assist
J. M. Dexter in taking account of a stock of
raerchandise and subsequently closed out a
bankrupt stock of goods at Cambridge, N.
Y., as agent for Boston creditors.
In the spring of 1844 Mr. Stone bought
•out the general store of Flavins T. and Vol-
ney Forbes in Wilmington, and he continued
an interest in mercantile business in Wil
mington for over thirty years. In 1850 he
went to California for a corapany who
shipped spruce luraber around Cape Horn.
While there he engaged successfully in
raining and general trade. Returning to
Wilmington in May, 185 1, he becarae ex
tensively interested in real estate operations.
He erected many of Wilmington's best build
ings, improved a number of surrounding
farms, and for raany years was a buyer or
seUer in a large majority of the real estate
transactions of that town. In 1864 and
1865 he carried on an extensive and pros
perous baking business in Baltiraore, Md.
He was guardian and adrainistrator of many
large and intricate estates, and frequently
held positions of trust. In 1877 he left
Wilmington and returned to his native town
¦of Hinsdale, where he bought land and
erected houses to rent. Mr. Stone was
always an exceedingly active raan, and he
also read extensively. Although he had
remarkable physical endurance, his health
at last failed from the great strain, and his
eyes began to trouble hira. He consulted
the best medical authority in this country,
submitted to three difficult surgical opera
tions, but became totally blind in 1884.
This forced him to abandon active business
hfe. He kept his home in Hinsdale, N. H.,
but spent the last few winters in Washington,
Philadelphia, Mohawk, N. Y., and New York
City. Mr. Stone was stricken with paralysis July
28, 1893, from which he never recovered, and
died at Hinsdale Dec. 15, 1893..
Mr. Stone had been a Free Soiler, a Whig
and a Republican. He cast his first presi
dential vote for William Henry Harrison in
1840 and voted for every Whig and Repub
lican presidential candidate, including Ben
jamin Harrison in 1892, except voting for
Horace Greeley in 1872. He represented

the town of Searsburg as a Whig in the
Legislature of 1840 and was re-elected in
1 84 1, being tbe youngest member of each
House when serving, and was probably the
only surviving raeraber of the Legislature at
the tirae of his death. He was elected by
the Whigs state senator frora Windhara
county in 1852, and re-elected in 1853,
serving on the coramittee of education in
both sessions and being chairraan of this
coraraittee in 1853. Atthe time of his death
there were only six ex-menibers of the Ver
raont Senate who had served earlier than
Mr. Stone and only two who served with
hira in i852-'53. Hewas for several years
deputy sheriff for Windhara county and for
raany years town superintendent of schools
and held other town offices in Searsburg and
WUraington. Mr. Stone united with the Baptist church
of WUraington in 1850, just before leaving
for CaUfornia, having been baptized in the
Deerfield river by Rev. Mr. Chase. He was
for many years clerk of the church and super
intendent of its Sunday school, and one of its
oldest raerabers when he died.
He was philanthropic and self-sacrificing,
and had always been an active supporter of
education, raorality, and temperance. His
funeral was held in his horae church at WU
raington, and very fully attended by his old
neighbors and friends, the serraon being
preached by his old pastor. Rev. A. W.
Goodnow, the text being frora Job 23-10 :
"When he hath tried rae, I shaU corae forth
as gold."
Mr. Stone was married in Wilmington,
June 6, 1844, to Harriet Ann, daughter of
Lewis and Eleanor (Dexter) Larab. They
had six children : Lewis Porter, Byron Ash
ley, and Dexter Lyraan (who are now active
business raen), Harriet Louisa, Albert Eben,
and Lydia Eleanor, aU three of whora died
young. Mr. Stone afforded his three oldest
sons the raeans for a liberal education.
STONE, Byron Ashley, of Mohawk,
N. v., son of Ashley and Harriet A. (Larab)
Stone, was born June 15, 1848, at Wil
mington. He attended the schools of his native
town and later the Wesleyan University at
Wilbraham, Mass., and Eastman's Business
CoUege at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where he
graduated with highest honors in 1868.
Mr. Stone's business Ufe began in the store
of W. M. Harris at South Deerfield, Mass.,
Sept. 22, 1868, but possessing an active dis
position he sought more stirring eraployraent,
and on March 22, 1869, entered the employ
of Pease & Ruddock of the sarae town, man
ufacturers of pocket books, and began trav
eling to seU their products. In 187 1 Mr.
Ruddock died and the business was con-

is:

STONE.

STRATTON.

ducted under the firm narae of Pease &
Stone until bought out, with the services of
the partners, by the Charles Arras Manufact
uring Co. Mr. Stone was steadily progress
ing and in December, 1880, a wider oppor
tunity offering in the same business, he ac
cepted an offer frora Langfeld Bros. & Co.,
of Philadelphia, where he is stiU connected.
During twenty-five years of constant travel
Mr. Stone has visited nearly all the cities of
this country, and has occupied a lucrative
position of responsibUity. In March, 1887,
a corporation known as the Mohawk VaUey
Knitting MiUs (Uraited), was organized by
himself and associates, and he became vice-
president of the company. Great success
following this business, it led to the organi-

/

BYRON ASHLEY STONE.
zation of a second company caUed the Knit
ting Company of Mohawk (liraited), and
Mr. Stone was elected president of this
corapany. Both raills have been prosperous,
their business being exclusively knitting
chUdren's underwear. Mr. Stone is also a
director of tbe N ational Mohawk VaUey Bank.
In church work Mr. Stone is an active
raeraber of the Reforraed church, and has
been an elder in the sarae for twelve years.
He was also a member of the board of edu
cation for three years and a trustee of the
graded school, and did much toward secur
ing the present elegant school building.
He married, at Mohawk, N. Y., Feb. 14,
1872, Ella E., daughter of Justus S. F. and
H arriet A. (Talcott) Crim. He then selected
M ohawk as his permanent home, and has

since buih his residence there. He has had
four children : Ross Byron, Louis Talcott,
Marjorie Dexter, Bertha Douglas, all living
except the oldest, Ross B., who died August
21,1886. Mr. Stone has had a busy, happy,
and successful Ufe.
STOWELL, William H. H.,was bom
at Windsor, July 26, 1840; was educated at
the grararaar and high schools of Boston ;
engaged in mercantile business ; setded in
Virginia in May, 1865, and was appointed
collector of internal revenue for the fourth
district in May, 1869; was elected a repre
sentative from Virginia in the Forty-second
Congress as a Repubhcan ; was re-elected to
the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses.
STOWELL Walter Lester, of San
Francisco, Cab, son of Palmer Franklin and
Clara (GoodeU) Stowell, was born in North
Tunbridge, July 10, 1852.
His education was comraenced in the
public schools of his native place and com
pleted in the Oakland Mihtary Academy of
California, having moved to that state in
February, i860. Soon after finishing his
studies at school young Stowell received an
appointment in the Custora House at San
Francisco, which position he held for two
years, until a change of the adrainistration,
when he eagaged in buying, storing, selling
and shipping grain, also farraing, until 1883,
when he received an appointment in the
postoffice at San Francisco, which place he
has held, with the exception of brief inter
vals, to the present time and still holds.
Mr. Stowell has taken rauch interest in
agricultural and horticultural pursuits and
owns a fruit and grain farra of four hundred
and eighty acres in the Sacraraento valley.
He has been a raeraber of the Pacific
Coast Association Native Sons of Verraont
for several years.
STRATTON, Charles C, of Fitch
burg, Mass., was born in Fairlee, August 22,
1829, the son of Thoraas and Elizabeth (Stur
tevant) Stratton. His father was a leading
citizen of the town, which he represented in
the Legislature.
The early education of Charles C. was
obtained in the district schools, supple
raented by a course at Thetford Academy.
In the fall of 1846 he started out in life, and
secured his first employraent in the office of
the Deraocratic-Republican of HaverhiU, N.
H., where he acquired a thorough knowledge
of the art preservative. Later he was em
ployed as a printer in Newbury, Boston, and
New York until 1854, when he connected
himself with the Fitchburg (Mass.) Sentinel,
and has since been connected with that estab
lishraent, witb the exception of three raonths,

TABOR.
when he was with the 2d Mass. Cavalry, and in
the Christian Commission at City Point, Va.
In March, 1867, he purchased a half inter
est in the office, and a few years later he rec
ognized and urged the iraportance of pubhsh
ing a daily paper in F'itchburg. With this
object in view the partnership with John E.
Kellogg was formed in the spring of 1873,

SWEET.

IS3

CHARLES C. STRATTON.

and the first number of the Daily Sentinel
was issued on the 6th of the following May.
Results proved that the time had come for

such a venture. The Daily Sentinel was
started May 6, 1873, as a four page paper,
and was several times enlarged until in De
cember, 1892, it had becorae an eight page
seven-column sheet with all the accessories of
the regular metropolitan journal. The Senti
nel has proved an iraportant factor in the de
velopraent of Fitchburg, and was never raore
prosperous than at the present time. The
office is in one of the finest buildings in the
city. He is prominently identified with the re
ligious and social elements of his adopted
city, and is a raeraber of the local Independ
ent Order of Odd FeUows and the Knights
of Honor.
Mr. Stratton raarried at Fitchburg, Mass.,
June II, 1873, Maria S., daughter of John
and Sophronia C. Putnam. Of this union is
one daughter : Louise S.
A raan of sterling qualities, Mr. Stratton is
one of the leading citizens of Fitchburg, and
enjoys the confidence and respect of a large
acquaintance. SWEET, Willis, of Moscow, Idaho,
was born at Alburgh Springs, Jan. i, 1856 ;
was educated in the coraraon schools, and
attended the Nebraska State University
three years ; learned the printer's trade at
Lincoln, Neb. ; located at Moscow, Idaho,
in Septeraber, 1881, where he engaged in
the practice of law ; was appointed United
States attorney for Idaho, in May, 1888;
was appointed associate justice of the Su
prerae Court of Idaho, Nov. 25, 1889, which
position he held until the admission of
Idaho into the Union ; was elected to an
un-expired terra ofthe Fifty-first Congress
as. a Republican.

TABOR, H. A. W., of Denver, Cob, son
of Cornehus D. and Sarah (Terrin) Tabor,
¦was born in Orleans county, Nov. 26, 1830.
Educated only at the public schools he re
moved to Quincy, Mass., and learned the
trade of a stone cutter, and after acquiring
sufficient means, took up the study of the
law and reraoved to Kansas, taking active
part in the stirring events of the times when
Kansas was agitated over the anti-slavery
•question. Here he became a raember of
the state Legislature, and in 1859 removed
to Colorado, where he has since resided.
He was tbe first mayor of LeadviUe, and has
been the treasurer of Lake county ; was the
-first Lieutenant-Governor of the state in
1878, and in 1883 was chosen by the Cob
orado Legislature as a United States senator.

TAYLOR, HENRY W., of Washington,
D. C, son of Daniel W. and Alrayra (Tyr
rell) Taylor, was born in Sherburne, May
20, 1855.
He was educated in the schools of his
native town and at Black River Acaderay ;
taught school two years in Windsor county.
Selecting the trade of machinist, he com
pleted the apprenticeship, and in 1878 took
charge of the raachine shop of the Suther
land FaUs Marble Co., which place he re
tained when that corapany was merged into
the Verraont Marble Co. In 188 1 he re
signed to accept an appointraent in the
Bureau of Engraving and Printing, where
he reraained untU the following year, when
he was appointed by Speaker Keifer, assist
ant engineer of the House of Representa
tives, and has since held this position.

154

TE.MPLE.

THOMAS.

Mr. Taylor's services are in deraand as an
expert machinist. He was eraployed to
conduct secret tests of plate printing of bank
notes before a committee of the Treasury
Department, and also by the engineer, James
B. Eads, to operate and repair the costly
model of the Tehuantepec Ship Railway,
while on exhibition at the U. S. Capitol. He
superintended the construction of tbe exten
sive terraces on the west front of the capitol,
for the Vermont Marble Co., during which
his gallant rescue of a workman's life ex
cited much comment.

HENRY W. TAYLOR.
Mr. Taylor was married at Pittsford, in
1884, to Mary E., daughter of Joseph B. and
Caroline (Hall) Tottingham. Their chib
dren are : Caroline E., and Florence M.
TEMPLE, EdalbERT j., of Hinsdale, N.
H., son of Willis Haynes Teraple and Dolly
Ann (Merchant) Temple, was born June 3,
1856, at WUraington.
Mr. Teraple received his early education
in the coraraon schools of his native town
and at Brattleboro Academy, where he was
graduated in 1877. He then entered Will
iams College, but soon left to engage in
teaching. He began the reading of law with
Hosea W. Brighara, Esq., then of Whiting
hara, and afterward entered the office of Hon.
Oscar E. Butterfield of WUraington, and
there pursued his labors until he becarae a
member of the bar, in March, 1881. In the
following year he opened a law and insur

ance office at Hinsdale, N. H., and has since
reraained there, actively and successfully en
gaged in his business.
As a citizen of Wilmington he was enter
prising and public-spirUed, and in educa
tional matters took great interest and became
superintendent of schools in 1880. In his
adopted horae Mr. Teraple has been active
in public raatters and the evidence of the
esteera of his fellow townsraen is to be noted
in the various offices bestowed upon him.
In 1 89 1 he was elected moderator and again
in 1892, the first moderator elected in Hins
dale under the Australian systera of ballot
ing, and still holds that office. In 1893 he
was raade a member of the board of educa
tion for three years and is chairman of
the board. He is also one of the auditors
of Cheshire county and is a strong Repub
lican and president of the Republican club
of Hinsdale.
In religious preference he is a Universal
ist, and is treasurer of that society. Mr.
Teraple is a prorainent member of Golden
Rule Lodge, F. & A. M., No. 77, and was
its representative to the Grand Lodge of the
state in 1889.
Mr. Temple was raarried, at Whitinghara,.
March 22, 1881, to Eva C, daughter of
Hon. Hosea W. and Flora R. (Farnham)
Brigham. Tbe faraUy consists of three
chUdren : Charles Hosea, Mabel Eva, and
Madelion Merchant.
THOMAS, Ormsby B., of Prairie dtt
Chien, Wis., was born in Sandgate, August
21, 1832; went to Wisconsin in 1836; re
ceived a coramon-school education ; studied
law, and graduated at the National Law
School of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ; was adrait
ted to the bar at Albany, N. Y., in 1856;.
has been district attorney of Crawford county.
Wis., several tiraes ; was a raeraber of the
Wisconsin Assembly in 1862, 1865, and 1867,.
and of the Wisconsin state Senate in 1880
and 1881 ; was presidential elector in 1872 ;
was in the Union army, and served as cap
tain of Co. D, 3] st Regt. Wis. Vol. Inft. ; was
elected to the F'orty-ninth, and re-elected to
the Fiftieth Congress as a RepubUcan.
THURSTON, JOHN MELLEN, of
Oraaha, Neb., son of Daniel Sylvester and
Ruth (MeUen) Thurston, was born in Mont
peUer, August 21, 1847. His father's fam
ily removed frora Montpelier to Wisconsin
in 1854. In 1861 bis father volunteered in
the 17th Wisconsin Infantry, and died in
the service of his country in the spring of
1863. At this time young Thurston was
corapeUed to undertake almost any kind of
employraent in order to assist in the sup
port of his faraily and to secure an educa
tion for himself. In 1865 he went to Chi-

THURSTON.

THURSTON.

ISS

cago and spent a year as driver of a grocery
wagon. At the end of this period he re
turned to his mother at Beaver Dam, W^is.,
and engaged in fishing and trapping, era
ploying a number of boys to help him, and
shipping his wares to Chicago for sale. This
venture proved successful and resulted in
the accumulation of enough money to en
able him to attend school.

JOHN MELLEN THURSTON.
In 1866 he entered Wayland University
at Beaver Dam, and remained until the
institution closed in 1868. He now deter
mined to study law, and entered the office of
E. P. Smith, an eminent attorney of Wis
consin, then a raember of tbe bar at Beaver
Dara. On the 21st of May, 1869, after an
examination by the Hon. Alva Stuart, circuit
judge at Portage, Wis., Mr. Thurston was ad
mitted to the bar. His necessities compelled
hira, however, to again engage in farraing
and manual labor until tbe end of the season
when, in company with another young attor
ney, he determined to locate at Oraaha, Neb.,
where he arrived Oct. 5, 1869, and began bus
iness in the office of WilUara H. Morris, then
a lawyer and trial justice. The new firm
found insufficient business for their support,
and Mr. Luthe, who was married, went to
Denver. Mr. Thurston, true to his charac
teristics, stuck to his office, and during bis
novitiate was reduced to the necessity of
sleeping upon a buffalo robe in bis office and
eked out a bare subsistence. Varying suc
cess attended his struggles. In 1871, upon

the resignation of Judge Morris, Mr. Thurs
ton was appointed to fill the vacancy, and
removed to larger offices. He then con
tinued his efforts until the spring of 1873
when he resigned his office of justice to form
a law partnership with Hon. Charles H.
Brown. The previous spring Mr. Thurston
had been elected a meraber of the city coun
cil in Oraaha, which office he filled two con
secutive years, acting as president of that
body and chirman ofthe judiciary coramittee.
In the spring of 1874, upon the expiration of
his term as alderraan, he was appointed city
attorney by Mayor C. S. Chase, which posi
tion he fiUed three years, resigning finally to
accept the assistant attorneyship of the Union
Pacific R. R. under the Hon. A. J. Popple-
ton, general sohcitor of the corporation. Mr.
Thurston was also elected a raeraber of the
Nebraska Legislature of 1875, and served in
that body as chairman of the judicial com
mittee and acting speaker. In the faU of
1885 he was the Republican candidate for
judge of the Third Judicial District of the
state of Nebraska and was defeated.
For fifteen years Mr. Thurston has been
identified with a majority of leading cases
in the courts of Nebraska. WhUe Mr.
Thurston bas not devoted hiraself to crirai
nal practice, but has rather avoided than
sought employraent in crirainal cases, yet he
has been called upon to defend fourteen
persons charged with raurder and has the
alraost unprecedented record of final ac
quittal in every case.
When he becarae general solicitor of the
Union Pacific R. R., he had perhaps the
largest general practice of any lawyer in this
section. Since accepting this position, the
responsible duties of which office he assura
ed on the first of February, 1888, he has
retired from general practice, as the business
of the railway system which is now all under
his supervision occupies his entire time and
attention. In 1880 Mr. Thurston was one of the
presidential electors for Nebraska and
electoral messenger. In 1884 he was dele
gate-at-large to the Republican national
convention at Chicago, and chairman of his
state delegation. In 1888 hewas also tem
porary chairman of the national Republi
can convention which nominated General
Harrison for President. His speech in
opening the convention was pronounced a
masterpiece by tbe press of the country,
and at its conclusion he received such an
ovation as few raen have ever been accorded,
and in a single hour he acquired a great
national reputation as an orator.
Mr. Thurston has delivered raany raeraor
able addresses in different parts of the coun
try. His oration on the Centennial Anni
versary of Constitutional Independence at

156

TINKER.

TINKER.

Chicago in 1889, his eulogy on General
Grant before the Union League Club, his
address on Abrahara Lincoln, in 1890, and
his tribute to the " man who wears the
button," are araong the most remarkable.
The press of the whole country has seemed
to unite in commendation of his abihties as
a powerful and eloquent public speaker. He
was urged by the greater portion of the entire
West for appointment as Secretary of the
Interior in the cabinet of President Harri
son, and, although he raade no effort to se
cure the position, it was at one tirae believed
that his selection was certain. He has twice
been a leading candidate for United States
Senator from Nebraska. On one occasion
he almost secured the Republican nomina
tion, which would have been equivalent to
an election, and again, in 1893, he received
the nomination of the Repubhcan caucus
and came within one vote of an election. It
is believed that as soon as another oppor
tunity presents itself the people of Nebraska
wiU insist upon his going to the United
States Senate, and he has been urged by
many for a still higher place.
The record Mr. Thurston has made thus
early in life is one not often met. He has at
tained his legal eminence as the result only
of natural ability and close apphcation to
his profession. Manly, loyal and affection
ate, he enjoys in a reraarkable degree the de
voted love of his friends. There are many
who are wiUing to administer to his fortunes.
Besides these raultitudes there are some who
are nearer to him, whora circurastances or
personal relations have brought into the in
ner circle of his affections, whose devotion
is never weary or relaxed.
On Christmas, 1872, Mr. Thurston was
married to Miss Martha Poland, daughter of
Col. Luther Poland, of Omaha, a most
estimable lady whose family were, hke her
husband's, originally from Verraont. Her
uncle was the honorable and venerable Luke
P. Poland, for raany years chief justice of the
Green Mountain state, a representative in
Congress for several terms and United States
Senator. Of six children born of this mar
riage, four were sons and two daughters. Two
of the sons died of diphtheria, leaving two
sons and two daughters, who now, with his
estimable wife, comprise Mr. Thurston's
family. TINKER, Charles ALMERIN, of Brook
lyn, N. Y., descended from John Tinker, one
of the early settlers of Windsor, Conn. His
grandfather removed to Vermont previous
to the Revolution and was one of the volun-
teers'who went to the defense of Bennington.
His father and mother, Almerin Tinker and
Sophronia B. GUchrist, lived for raany years

at Chelsea, where Charles A. Tinker, their
oldest son, was born Jan. 8, 1838.
Mr. Tinker was taken by his parents, in
infancy, to Michigan, where he had only the
advantage of a coraraon school education,
but returning to his native state in 185 1,
established their residence in Northfield.
He subsequently attended school at New
bury Serainary, but owing to sickness did
not complete his course. In 1852 he ob
tained a position as clerk in the postoffice
at Northfield, and was there taught the Bain
system of telegraphy. In 1855 he obtained
a position as operator with the Vermont &
Boston Telegraph Co. at Boston, and soon
after with the Cape Cod Telegraph Co. in the
Merchants' Exchange, having in the mean
tirae acquired a knowledge of the Morse
systera. In January, 1857, he went to Chi
cago, accepting a position there in the office
of the Caton lines, and soon after became
raanager of the Illinois & Mississippi Tele
graph Co.'s office at Pekin, 111.
During this period he raade the acquain
tance of Abraham Lincoln. At Mr. Lin
coln's request, Mr. Tinker explained to him
the methods of the telegraph systera, and an
intiraacy thus begun was renewed later
when Mr. Lincoln was President, and Mr.
Tinker was eraployed as telegraph operator
in the War Departraent at Washington. Mr.
Lincoln was a frequent visitor at Mr. Tin
ker's office during the war, and received
from hira the first news of his re-nomination
as President and that of Andrew Johnson as
Vice-President. A word uttered by Mr.
Lincoln on this occasion, intimating his
preference for Mr. Hamlin was recaUed in
later years by Mr. Tinker, and was the means
of settling the important controversy that
arose after Mr. Haralin's death.
In the suraraer of 1857 Mr. Tinker re
turned to Chicago frora Pekin, IU., and en
tered the service of the Chicago & Rock Island
R. R. Co., and two years later that of the Ga
lena & Chicago Union R. R. Co., as book
keeper and telegraph operator. During this
period he joined the Chicago Light Guard,
and served with his company as escort to
Stephen A. Douglas to the Wigwam where he
made his last great speech for the Union,
and two weeks later as guard of honor in
the procession which laid his remains away
to rest on the banks of Lake Michigan.
At the breaking out of the war he was
offered the lieutenant-colonelcy of a regi
ment, but declined the proffered honor. He
soon after entered the United States military
service in the War Department at Washing
ton, and was almost iraraediately ordered to
service in the field under General Banks, and
opened the raihtary telegraph office at
PoolesviUe, Md. He performed similar ser
vices under General Wardsworth at Upton

158

TINKER.

TOWLE.

HiU, where be was selected as one of the
eight operators to serve under General Mc
Clellan on the stearaer Coramodore, and
afterwards in tbe array headquarters in front
of Yorktown, and before Richmond. He
was present at the evacuation of Yorktown,
and at the battle of Williarasburg, and finally
at General Heintzelraan's headquarters at
Savage Station after the battie of Fair Oaks.
During his services at tbe front be lost bis
health, and returned to Verraont for one
raonth, when he had regained health, and
was then appointed by Major Eckert to the
responsible position of cipher operator in
the War Departraent at Washington, having
for one of his associates A. B. Chandler of
West Randolph. Here he reraained until
the close of the war, when he was appointed
raanager of the U. S. MiUtary Telegraph,
continuing until it was closed up and its lines
turned over to the telegraph corapanies.
He was then appointed raanager of the
Western Union Washington office, serving
therein until January, 1872, when be becarae
superintendent of telegraph and general train
dispatcher of the Verraont Central R. R., at
St. Albans, with jurisdiction over the lines of
the AVestern Union and Montreal Telegraph
Cos. on that railway system. In 1875 hewas
appointed general superintendent of the
Pacific Division of the Atlantic and Pacific
Telegraph Co., with headquarters at Chicago.
In 1879 this company having fallen under the
control of the Western Union company, he
resigned and accepted the management ofthe
telegraph lines of the Baltimore & Ohio
Railroad Co. While holding this position
he became one of the incorporators with Jay
Gould, of the Araerican Union Telegraph
Co., and received from Mr. Gould a check
for two and a half miUions of doUars to pay
for his subscription to its capital stock. He
was also superintendent of a division of that
company. In 1881, after the consolidation
of the Western Union and Araerican Union
Telegraph Cos., he was recalled to the service
of the Western Union Telegraph Co., and on
Feb. I, 1882, he was raade .general superin
tendent of the Eastern division, coraprising
aU the territory frora Washington, D. C,
north to the Canada line, west to the Ohio
river and east to Cape Breton. This posi
tion he StiU holds.
He is vice-president of the Araerican Dis
trict Telegraph Co., of New York City, and
a director and vice-president of the Ver
raont and Boston Telegraph Co., and an
officer of nuraerous other telegraph and
telephone corapanies.
He has for sorae years been prorainent in
the religious and social circles of Brooklyn.
He was one of the organizers and is now
vice-president of the Brooklyn Society of
Verraonters ; he is a raember of the Illinois

Society of the Sons of Verraont, and has
been for several years an officer and trustee
of the Washington Avenue Baptist Church
and of the Lincoln Club of Brooklyn.
He was married, in 1863, to Miss Lizzie
A. Simkins, of Ohio, who deceased in April,
1890, leaving three grown children, two
others having died in infancy.
He is a raan of fine physique, stiU in the
prirae of raanhood, capable of great endur
ance, and fully equal to the arduous and re
sponsible duties connected with his position.
TOWLE, ALLEN, of Towle, Cab, eldest
son of Ira and Annis (Doe) Towle, was
born in Corinth, July 26, 1833.

ALLEN TOWLE.

He was educated in the district schools,
and in Corinth Acaderay. At the age of
nineteen he went to New York where rela
tives of his mother were engaged in the ice
business and with whora he reraained some
two years. In the meantime his father had
raade the discovery of copper in Corinth,
and in 1853 a start was raade with outside
capital to devolop the mine, and he was sent
to Vermont by a New York corapany to look
after their interests in tbat locality. He
took kindly to the pursuit of raining but the
scope was hardly broad enough, when com
pared witb the Munchausen-like tales which
were at that time being sent home by his
fellow townsraen, raany of whora were
araong the first to seek gold in California,
and in Deceraber, 1855, he sailed frora New
York, via Panaraa, arriving in San Fancisco

TOWLE.

TOWNSEND.

159

in January, 1856. Here he lost no time but
proceeded at once to the mines and com
menced operations at Steep HoUow, Placer
county, where he cleaned up a few hundred
dollars which he used to run a tunnel into
a gravel claira at Thompsons Hill near
Dutch Flat. For this business he seeraed
to have a natural bent, and although in
those early days it was rather rough sailing
he was prosperous. In the raean time a
wagon road was built from Dutch Flat to Don
ner Lake, by which to reach the Comstock
mines, which were then in the height of their
success — and he built another raill near
Blue Canyon. This wagon road was but the
forerunner of the trans-continental railroad,
the Central Pacific line passing through
Dutch Flat, Blue Canyon, and on to the
suramit, and the Towle saw-mills became
veritable mints. They supplied luraber to
the railroad for ties, snow sheds, culverts
and caraps, and literally turned their luraber
into gold. Their- receipts from the raUroad
amounting at tiraes to twenty-five thousand
dollars per raonth.
Mr. Towle was followed to Cahfornia at dif
ferent dates by his two brothers, who becarae
his partners, but he has retained the raan
ageraent. He has buUt at different tiraes
fifteen saw mUls ; he has also built thirty
mUes of narrow gauge railroad, supplied with
five locomotives and eighty-five cars with
which to handle luraber from the raUls ofif
the line of the Central Pacific. He has five
lumber yards in dififerent localities in Cali
fornia and another in Tucson, Arizona ; also
a box factory in Sacramento, which is chiefiy
employed in making orange boxes.
At Towle are situated a planing raill,
sash, door, blind and box factory, and a
pulp raid. This raUl runs day and night and
is lighted by electricity, tbe dynarao for
which also furnishes lights for the town. The
Towles own 24,000 acres of land in Cali
fornia, including the town, which has a town
haU, hotel, boarding houses, one store, shops
for car buUding and blacksraithing, and
nuraerous dwelling houses. Has one hun
dred and eighty voters, with a school of
seventy-five pupUs. They decline to sell a
foot of land lest a saloon should be located ;
no liquor can be bought or sold on land
owned by thera. They employ in tbe busy
season four hundred men, some of whom
have been in their eraploy for over a quarter
of a century, and who are independent as
far as money is concerned. For raany years
Towle has been a sure place of employraent
for any young raan from Verm.ont, and scores
of welbto-do men on the Pacific coast date
their prosperity frora the start they got here.
Mr. Towle is a raeraber ofthe Olive Lodge,
I O O. F., No. 81, of Dutch Flat, and of
Auburn Encarapraent.

He is a Republican and has been delegate
to both county and state conventions raany
tiraes, but has never aspired to any office. He
was appointed by the Governor a delegate
to the Irrigation Congress which raet in Salt
Lake City in Septeraber, 1891 ; he was also
appointed by the Governor a member of the
Viticultural Comraission for El Dorado dis
trict, and elected by the coraraissioners as
their treasurer. He is also president of the
Gold Run Ditch and Mining Co. and of the
Feather River Canal Co., incorporated for
furnishing water for irrigation in Butte county.
Mr. Towle was married at Dutch Flat, Cal.,
March 3, 1869, to Ella W., daughter of
Stephen Young and Lydia K. (Richey)
Halsey, and has four cliildren : George G.
(who was ma.rried in 1892 to Miss Kate
Meister, of Sacramento) and is bookkeeper
for his father, Orra H., AUeen L., and Sadie
The family have a beautiful horae in Sac
raraento where they spend raost of the year
on account of schools, but retain their resi
dence at Towle where they go for the sura
mer and where they entertain troops of
friends. It has been a marvel to many how Mr.
Towle has stood the care of such large and
varied enterprises. The secret seeras to his
biographer (who has known him from child
hood), to lie in his ability to lay aside care.
When he goes to his horae he leaves his
business in the office. The Towle faraily (a
brother and two sisters) are all settled in
California, but the old farm in Corinth where
he and his father before him, first saw light
(although it has like many another in Ver
raont, ceased to be a source of incorae) is
still one of the cherished possessions of the
Towle faraily. Great executive ability and
integrity, coupled with a kindly and charit
able nature, have placed hira in the foreraost
rank of California's adopted sons.
TOWNSEND, John, of San Francisco,
Cab, son of Moses and Azubah W. (Hatha
way) Townsend, was born Nov. 17, 1857, at
Pittsfield. His education was begun in the coramon
and high schools of his native town, and his
technical training acquired in the Massachu
setts College of Pharmacy, the Cahfornia
Medical College, the Hahnemann Medical
CoUege of San Francisco, and the Post
Graduate Medical CoUege of Chicago.
Until seventeen years of age he worked
upon his father's farm and attended school,
and then engaged as attendant at the Mc
Lean Asylura for Insane at Somerville, Mass.,
where he reraained a year. He then entered
the eraploy of Dr. J. D. Mansfield, of Wake
field, Mass., and by close devotion to his
duties he becarae a druggist, and was soon
head clerk and general raanager of the store.

i6o

TWITCHELL.

TWITCHELL.

While here he attended lectures at the Massa
chusetts College of Pharmacy. After three
years' service in W^akefield, he practiced his
profession in leading estabhshments of Bos
ton, and continued his course, of instruction
at the coUege.
In 1876 Mr. Townsend established a phar
macy at Weyraouth, Mass., and in a short
tirae built up a large and successful business.
In 1877 he graduated at the head of the
class from the Massachusetts College of
Pharmacy. In 1881 he removed to San
Francisco, and visited Oregon and Washing
ton, and the following spring again took up
the study of medicine and in October, 1884,
graduated frora the Hahnemann Medical
College, and received the first diploraa
granted frora a horacepathic college on the
Pacific coast. He was then appointed resi
dent physician and surgeon of the San
Francisco Homeopathic Hospital, and the
next year received the sarae appointraent at
the St. Luke Hospital, and the further dis
tinction of professor of cheraistry and
deraonstrator of anatomy at the Hahne
mann Medical College. After two years of
hospital service he engaged in private prac
tice and now has a large and increasing
business araong the best people of San
Francisco. Dr. Townsend has always taken an active
part in fraternal and social orders ; is an
Odd FeUow and Knight of Honor, and a
raember of various other organizations, and
is vice-president of the Pacific Coast Asso
ciation of Sons of Vermont.
In his professional labors he has invented
several valuable instruraents for use in treat
ment of diseases of the throat and lungs,
and the application of electricity both in
therapeutics and surgery.
TWITCHELL, Marshall Harvey, of
Newfane, resident of Kingston, Canada, son
of Harvey and Ehzabeth (Scott) Twitchell,
was born in Townshend, Feb. 28, 1840.
He was educated in the common schools
and Leland Seminary. Like raany young
men of Vermont he taught school winters,
worked on the farm and attended the serai
nary the other portions of the year.
In 1 86 1 he enUsted with Co. I, 4th Regt.
Vt. Y'^ols. He was in fourteen battles with
the old Vermont Brigade and was severely
wounded at the battie of the Wilderness, be
ing at the tirae in command of the com
pany. In the winter of 1S63-64 he made
apphcation and was appointed captain in
tbe 109 U. S. C. T. and was in the column
which broke Lee's hne at Petersburg and
finally surrounded his army at Appomattox
court house. In October, 1865, he was ap
pointed provost raarshal and agent of Freed-
raan's Bureau with headquarters at Sparta,

North Louisiana. Here, twenty-five miles
frora the nearest post, with no experience in
civil governraent, he was legislator, judge,
jury and sheriff. His governraent was so
satisfactory that he was elected alraost with
out opposition to represent the parish
(county) of BienviUe in the constitutional
convention of 1868. He was appointed
judge of the parish of BienviUe in 1868.
Elected to the state Senate for a term of four
years in 1870 and re-elected for a second
term in 1874. During his eight years inthe
Senate he was the principal agent in the
creation of the parish (county) of Red
River, building of the town of Couchatta
and the organization of the public schools
in the parishes of Bienville, Red River and
De Sota.

MARSHALL HARVEY TWITCHELL,
He protected colored schools by the threat
tbat as president of the school board he
should refuse to sign the warrant for the
pay of the teachers. The 2d of May, 1876,
an attempt was made to assassinate him,
from which he received six buUets, necessi
tating the amputation of both arras just above
the elbow; his brother-in-law, George A.
King, was killed at that time. His only
brother, Homer, and his other two brothers-
in-law, Willis .and HoUand, had been pre
viously murdered in what is known as the
Couchatta Massacre of 1874. Had the as
sassination been successful the resuh would
have been to change tbe majority in the
state Senate, which would have recognized

TYLER.

l6l

a different House of Representatives, de
clared a different Governor and elected a
different United States Senator. AprU, 1878,
he was appointed Consul of the United States
at Kingston, Canada.
In 1868 he purchased a cotton plantation
on Lake Bisteneau. In 1869 took the
direction of two plantations belonging to his
father-in-law. In 1870 he purchased "Star
light " plantation on Red river, every year
adding to his business, either by lease or
purchase. He directed as principal owner
two stores, two sets of raills, the hotel and
the only newspaper established in the parish.
His large property interests were partially
abandoned after his attempted assassination
in 1876, and entirely abandoned after the
murder of John W. Harrison, his last agent,
at " Starlight," in the faU of 1875.
In 1864 he joined Blazing Star Lodge, F.
& A. M., at Townshend. After the war
he was J. W. of Silent Brotherhood Lodge,
scribe of Chapter No. 35, and member of
Jacques De Molay Comraandery, all of
Louisiana ; he is also a member of Burchard
Post, G. A. R., and Loyal Legion of Ver
mont. In 1866 he married Adele, daughter of
Colonel Coleman, one of the large cotton
planters of North Louisiana. By this wife
he has one son : Marshall Coleman. In
1876 he married Henrietta Day of Hamp
den, Mass., by whora he has one son :
Eraraus G.
TYLER, George Washington, of
Alaraeda, Cab, son of WiUiam B. and Mary
(Hall) Tyler, was born in Warren, Jan. 16,
1827. He attended the public schools of his na
tive- town untU he went to Kalamazoo, Mich.,
in the faU of 1844, and prepared for coUege
at a branch of the University of Michigan,
under the auspices and at the expense of the
Baptist Association of that state. In 1847,
when prepared to enter the sophomore
class, finding that he could not consistently
preach the doctrines of that church, be re
paid the Association and returned to Ver
raont. He taught school in Warren during
the winter that followed and in tbe spring of
1848 coraraenced the study of law in the
office of O. H. Smith of Montpeher.
He went to California in 1849, saihng
from Boston on tbe ship Leonore, in the
spring of that year, and arriving in the Gold
en state on the sth day of July, his course
having been around Cape Horn.
In AprU, 1850, upon the organization of
the state of California, he was elected sheriff
of Yolo county, but in the fall of that year re
signed that office and went to Yreka, Syski-

you county, where he held tbe office of dis
trict attorney for one and one-half years, after
which he practiced criminal law as a spe
cialty until May, 1856, when he returned to
Vermont, and in Septeraber of that year he
entered the law school of Carabridge, Mass.,
and graduated in July, 1858, returning
shortly after to Yreka.
He was county judge of San Joaquin
county, frora 1861 to '63, and was a raeraber
of the Asserably frora Alameda county in
1880.

GEORGE WASHINGTON TYLER.
He was mustered into the service of the
United States by Captain Alden (formerly in
charge of Mihtary Academy at West Point) ,
in Rogue River Valley, Oregon, as one of the
staff of Gen. Joseph Lane, with the rank of
heutenant; fought during the Rogue River
Indian war of 1853, having gone there frora
\''reka. Cab, at the first outbreak. He was
in coramand of a company that fought the
battle of " Bloody Point " at which one-half of
his coramand were killed or wounded, he re
ceiving two shght wounds.
Judge Tyler is a Master Mason in good
standing, and ranks high as a lawyer in his
adopted state.
In August, 1 85 1, Mr. Tyler married Miss
Alia Jane, daughter of 'Williara and Anna
(Lovett) Frazier, in Carabridge, Mass. Of
this union there are four living children :
Williara B., George Norton, Alia Frazier, and
Maud G.

l62

VAN VLIET.

VILAS.

VAN VLIET, STEWART, of Washington,
D. C, son of Christian and Rachael Van
Vhet, was born July 21, 1815, at Ferrisburg.
General Van Vliet, as he is everywhere
known, received the educational advantages
of tbe horae of his youth, Fishkill, N. Y., and
entered the United States Military Acaderay
at West Point in 1836, graduating in 1840,
in the class in which was General Sherman
and other famous men whose names have
become prominent in history. He was ap-

i:'',. "¦

*¦*<%(

STEWART VAN VLIET.

pointed second lieutenant in the third artil
lery, then in Florida, and served there two
years during the Serainole war. He was in
several engageraents, in one of which he
killed an Indian chief in a band to hand
fight. Subsequently he was engaged in the
Mexican war and was with General Taylor at
Monterey, where he led the final charge and
received the flag of surrender. At Vera
Cruz he coramanded a battery under Gen
eral Scott. Frora Mexico he was ordered to
Fort Leavenworth and built forts Kearney
and Laramie on the Platte river. He was in
the Sioux expedition and in the battle of the
Blue Water. Under Sydney Johnson he
organized the expedition to Utah, and went
to Salt Lake. Gen. Stewart Van Vliet served
with distinction in the civil war. He was
chief quartermaster of the Army of the Poto

mac, and was with McClellan in all the bat
tles of the Peninsula ; and was afterwards
stationed in several of the large cities of the
country. He was retired at the age of sixty-
fotir, and received the brevets of brigadier-
general and major-general in the regular
army and in the volunteers. He now hves
with his family in Washington, D. C, and
during the summer months at Shrewsbury,
N.J. General Van Vhet is fond of society. His
genial and hearty raanner makes companion
ship witb him most enjoyable. He is a
raember of many clubs and organizations,
among thera the Aztec Club, of which he is
president ; the Holland Society, of which he
is vice-president ; the St. Nicholas Society ;
the Loyal Legion ; and the G. A. R.
General Van Vliet was raarried at Fort
Lararaie, March 6, 1851, to Sarah Jane
Brown, the daughter of Maj. Jacob Brown
(who was kUled by the Mexicans while de
fending a fort opposite Matamoras. The
fort and city. Fort Brown and Brownsville,
were naraed after hira). He has two sons:
Dr. Frederick C, and Lieut Robert C. of
the loth U. S. Infantry.
VILAS, William F., of Madison, wis.,
was born at Chelsea July 9, 1840 ; removed
-n^ith his father's faraily to Wisconsin and
settled at Madison June 4, 1851 ; was grad
uated at the State University in 1858, and
from the law department of the University of
Albany, N. Y., in i860; was adraitted to the
bar by the Suprerae Court of New York and
by the Suprerae Court of Wisconsin in the
sarae year, and began the practice of law
July 9, i860 ; was captain of Co. A, 23d Regt.
Wis. Inf. Vols., and afterwards raajor and
lieutenant-colonel of the regiraent ; has been
one of tbe professors of law of the law de
partraent of the State University since 1868,
omitting four years, 1885 to 1889; was one
of the regents of the university frora 1880 to
1885 ; was one of the three revisers ap
pointed by the Suprerae Court of Wisconsin
in 1875 who prepared the existing revised
body of the statute law adopted in 1878;
was a meraber of Asserably in the Wisconsin
Legislature in 1885 ; was a delegate to the
Deraocratic national conventions of 1876-
'8o-'84, and perraanent chairraan of the
latter ; was postraaster-general frora March
7, 1885, to Jan. 16, 1888, and Secretary of
the Interior from the latter date to March 6,
1889; received the unaniraous noraination
of the Deraocratic legislative caucus and was
elected Jan. 28,1891, United States Senator
to succeed John C. Spooner, Republican.

WAKEMAN.

163

WAKEMAN, Seth, was born at Frank
lin, Jan. 5, 181 1 ; studied law, and practiced
at Batavia, N. Y. ; was district attorney of
Genesee county, N. Y., from 185 1 to 1857 ;
was a member of the Assembly of the state
of New York, 1856-57 ; was a meraber of
the state constitutional convention of New
York in 1867—68, and was elected a repre
sentative from New Y^ork in the Forty-sec
ond Congress as a Republican.
WALBRIDGE, DAVID S., was born in
Bennington, July 30, 1802 ; received his
education from the coramon schools of the
vicinity ; has devoted himself to the various
employments of the farmer, the raerchant,
and the miller ; he reraoved to Michigan in
* 1842, and was elected a representative in
Congress frora that state in 1854 and served
untU 1859.
WALDEN, Hiram, was born in Rutland
Co., Aug. 29, 1800 ; received a liraited educa
tion, and having removed with his father to
New York, devoted hiraseh to the business
of cloth dressing and wool carding ; he took
an interest in raihtary affairs, and attained
the office of raajor-general of railitia; in
1836 he was elected to the state Legislature ;
in 1842 he was elected a supervisor in the
county of Schoharie ; and was a representa
tive in Congress frora New York frora 1849
to 185 I.
WALKER, GEORGE H., of Boston, Mass.,
son of Ralph S. and Jane (Long) Walker,
was born at Springfield, Jan. 24, 1852.
Mr. Walker received his early training in
the district schools of Verraont and also at
tended the Stevens high school of Clare-
raont, N. H. He began his business hfe in
a dry goods estabUshment in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
but in the fall of 1873 he becarae interested
in the pubhshing business, contracted with a
New York firm and was engaged with thera
in various works untU 1878, when he went
into business for hiraseh in Boston. The firra
of George H. Walker & Co. was established
at 61 Hanover street, for the publication of
real estate atlases. In 1880 he extended his
business by estabhshing a hthographic branch
at 81 Milk street, but soon outgrowing their
quarters, they reraoved to 160 Tremont street,
where they have since remained, adding new
floors and presses, until 1888, when the budd
ing was enlarged for their benefit. The es
tabhshment is one of the finest of its sort
in New England, eraploying only the best
artists. In addition to their other works the
State Atlas of Massachusetts is pronounced as
fine a work of its class as was ever published.
In 1 89 1 Mr Walker estabhshed, with head
quarters in Boston, opposite Trinity Church,

the Walker-Gordon Milk Laboratory for the
scientific feeding of infants, which has proved
a reraarkable success and raany thousand in
fants have been fed. The railk is .supphed
only upon physicians' prescriptions. Asirailar
laboratory has been estabhshed at 626 Madi
son avenue. New York, and others are to be
established in all large cities.
Mr. Walker was raarried in 1885, to Irene
L., daughter of Robert E. and Irene (White)
Loud, of Weyraouth, Mass.
WALKER, ALDACE F., of Chicago, IU.,
son of Aldace Walker, D. D., and Mary A.
(Baker) Walker, was born May 11, 1842, in
West Rutland.
He was educated at Kimball Union Acad
emy, Meriden, N. H., and at Middlebury
College, graduating in 1862. His legal
training was acquired after the war, at
Columbia Law School in New York City.
In July, 1862, the year of his graduation
from Middlebury College, Mr. Walker en
listed in Co. B, ist Artillery, nth Vt. Vols.,
and was elected first lieutenant. He after
wards became captain of Co. C and Co. D ;
and subsequently was major and lieutenant-
colonel of the regiraent. In 1864 he was
breveted lieutenant-colonel for gallantry at
the battles of the Opiquan, Fisher's HiU and
Cedar Creek, and was mustered out in June,
1864, with his regiraent upon its return to
Burlington after the conclusion of the war.
In 1869 he published a book of war rerai
niscences entitled " The Verraont Brigade in
tbe Shenandoah Valley."
He is a meinber of the Illinois Com
mandery of the Loyal Legion, and has been
president of the Verraont Officers Associa
tion. Mr. Walker's legal career has raade him a
national reputation. He was admitted to
practice in 1867, in the city of New York
and at first was managing clerk for the law
firm of Strong & Shepard, having their office
at go Broadway. He was afterwards ad
mitted to partnership and became a member
of the firm in 1870. They were engaged in
a general practice and did a considerable
business, largely connected with railways.
Iraportant work was done by Mr. Walker in
obtaining land titles for the Spuyten Duyvil &
Port Morris raUway, connecting the Hudson
River R. R. with the Harlem R. R., from
Spuyten DuyvU to Mott Haven. In 1873
the firra was broken up by the death of the
senior partner, Hon. Theron R. Strong ; and
Mr. Walker removed to Rutland, becoraing
a meraber of the law firm of Prout, Simons
& Walker. They transacted a general busi
ness and were the counsel of some irapor
tant corporations, including raany banks and
insurance corapanies and the Rutland R. R.,

^aiitse.

tT^^.

WASHBURN.

i6S

the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co., the Ver
mont & Canada R. R., the bondholders of the
Verraont Central R. R., etc. In 1884 Mr.
N. P. Simons withdrew from the firm and the
narae was changed to Prout & Walker and
so remained until Mr. Walker removed to
Washington in April, 1887.
In politics Mr. Walker is a Republican,
and he was a raember of the state Senate
from Rutland county in 1882-3, being chair
raan of the judiciary coraraittee. In 1887
Mr. Walker was appointed by President
Cleveland a meraber of the Interstate Cora
raerce Coramission on the organization of
tbat body, being one of the two Republican
merabers. His associates upon the commis
sion were Hons. T. M. Cooley, WiUiam R.
Morrison, Augustus Schoonmaker and W.
L. Bragg. Mr. Walker resigned in 1889,
and became chairman of the Interstate
Coraraerce Railway Association composed of
various railroad lines west of Chicago, with
headquarters in tbat city. Subsequently he
became chairman of the Western Traffic
Association, a sirailar organization. He was
afterward chairraan of the joint coraraittee
coraposed of all roads north of the Ohio
and between the Mississippi river and the
seaboard. He resigned the latter office in
December, 1893, and is now practicing law in
Chicago. In addition to his opinions report
ed in the first two volumes of the Interstate
Commerce Commission Reports he has writ
ten largely for publication in the Forum and
other periodicals, chiefly on railway legisla
tion and other kindred topics.
Mr. Walker was married at Wallingford,
Sept 6, 187 1, to Katherine, daughter of
Hudson and Diantha Roberts Shaw. They
have had four chUdren : Richard (deceased),
Roberts, Harold, and Ruth.
WALKER, Lucius W., of Chicago,
lib, son of Whitfield and Martha (HaU)
Walker, was born at Whiting, Sept. 4, 1823.
For many years and up to 1852 Mr.
Walker was a builder, when he reraoved to
Chicago. His early training having been
that of a civil engineer, he was engaged by
the Illinois Raihoad Co., and was located at
Champaign, IU., until 1863, in the com
pany's eraploy. He then becarae a manu
facturer of furniture and continued m the
business untU 1880, which he then closed
out and becarae connected with the PuUraan
company at PuUraan, IU., where be reraained
two years as foreraan of the wood working
raachine shop. Frora February, 1883, to
1 89 1 be has been engaged in superintending
the construction of fine residences in Chicago.
Mr. Walker becarae an inspector of pub
hc buildings for the United States govern
ment in 1891.

Mr. Walker was married at OrweU, July 16,
185 1, to Miss EUen G., daughter of Reuben
and Zylpha Herbert.
WASHBURN, Henry D., was born in
Windsor, March 28, 1832, and during that
year was removed by his father to Ohio, was
early apprenticed to the trade of a tanner,
but not hking the business, becarae a school
teacher, which occupation he followed until
his twentieth year, studied law, and gradu
ated at the New York State and National Law
School in 1853. He subsequently settled in
Indiana, and in 1854 he was appointed
auditor of Verraillion county ; elected to the
same position in 1856, serving as such until
1 86 1. In July of that year he raised a com
pany for service in the war ; was promoted
to the coramand as colonel of the i8th Ind.
Vols, in 1862 ; and in 1864 was brevetted to
a brigadier-general, and was raustered out of
the service in 1865 ; and was elected a rep
resentative frora Indiana to the Thirty-ninth
Congress. WATERMAN, ARBA N., of Chicago, III.,
son of Loring F. and Mary (Stevens) Water
man, was born Feb. 5, 1836, at Greensboro.

ARBA N. WATERMAN.

At the academies and schools in Peacham,
Johnson, Montpeher and Georgia, Judge
Waterman began bis education and gradu
ated in the class of 1853 from Norwich Uni
versity. Determining upon a legal career he
selected the Albany school and after pursu-

i66

WATSON.

WATSON.

ing his studies there was adraitted to the
bar in Albany, N. Y., in 1861. He soon
went west and the year of his admission to
practice located at Johet, Ills.
LTpon the breaking out of the war he en
tered tbe army, enlisting in Co. G, looth
111. Vols, as a private, in 1862. He was en
gaged in the campaign against Bragg in the
fall of 1862 and was in the battles of Chica-
raauga, Dalton, Altoona and Houston. At
Chicamauga he was severely wounded and
had his horse kiUed under him. Judge
Waterraan's military career was fuU of honor
and his services received recognition by pro
motion to captain of his company and later
as heutenant-colonel of the regiraent.
Returning west at the close of the war, in
1865 he began the practice of his profession
in Chicago, which he continued with success
and distinction. In 1886 he was elected
judge of the circuit court, and in 1890 re
ceived the appointment of judge of the
apellate court.
In politics he is a Republican. In social
life his varied tastes and broad acquirement
are indicated by his merabership in various
societies. Hewas in the PhUosophical, Law,
and Social Science congresses of the World's
Columbian Exposition. He is a raember of
the Psychical Research, and the Philosophical
societies, and of the Union League, Liter
ary, AUiance, and Irving clubs. He is a
corarade in U. S. Grant Post, G. A. R., in
the Loyal Legion, and the Veteran Associa
tion. Judge Waterman was married, in Chicago,
in December, 1862, to Ella Hall, daughter
of Samuel and Rebecca Hall.
WATSON, Austin H., of Stamford,
Conn., son of Patrick J. and Caroline La
throp Watson, was born AprU 24, 1842, at
Wilmington. After attending the public schools he
passed his early hfe about his father's raiUs,
and one year in the army. In 1864 he
secured a junior clerkship whh the Western
Union Telegraph Co., at Rochester, N. Y".,
and in 1866 was appointed storekeeper in
charge of main supply depots of -the cora
pany at New York. Continued advance in
his salary made this an agreeable position,
which he retained until he resigned in 1879,
to become junior meraber of the firm of
James E. VaU, Jr., & Co., dry goods coramis
sion merchants and manufacturers' agents,
Worth street. New York. Six years later he
purchased Mr. Vail's interest and becarae
senior raember of the present firm of Wat
son, Bull & Co., who have largely extended
the business dealings with leading wholesale
houses throughout the country. He is also
president of the Connecticut WUch Hazel

Co., whose production will equal three
thousand barrels yearly.
In August, 1862, he enhsted as private in
Co. F, I Sth Regt. Vt. Vols. Upon the pro
motion of one of his comrades he became
the clerk of the regiraent, and was thereby
relieved of all equipraent and corapany duty.
At Gettysburg he selected one of the many
abandoned muskets on the field, and with a
handful of cartridges sought out his company
at the front, where he remained throughout
the battle. His conspicuous bravery was
known to all the officers of the regiment,
and Colonel Veazey, recognizing that this
youth was the only detailed raan who volun
tarily exposed hiraself on this sanguinary
field, appointed hira quartermaster-sergeant
of the regiment, the highest honor at his
coramand.

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AUSTIN H. WATSON.

Mr. Watson enjoys the genial, social side
of life, and in this way has had many duties to
perform connected with various associations.
He was the first treasurer of the weU
known Apollo Glee Club, of Brooklyn, N.Y. ;
secretary of the Oxford Club of Brooklyn,
1883 to '85, and ofthe Telegraphers Mutual
Benefit Association, 1876 to '79; a director
of Stamford Social Club, 1889 to 1892, and
is now its president (1893). He is vice-
president of the Forest and Stream Club, of
Wilmington, and also a director of the Stam
ford Yacht Club ; he is also president of the
Clover Club in New York City.
He was singularly fortunate in his marriage,
Oct. 28, 1879, to Julia Brainerd VaU, a very

WATSON.

WEBBER.

167

.attractive and noble woman, daughter of
Jaraes Everett and Ridelia Kenyon Vail, of
Brooklyn, N. Y., where tbey resided tiU 1886,
removing thence to Stamford, Conn. Their
home, "Oakdale," on the banks of Rippa-
wanna river, while unpretentious, is noted for
the cordial, hearty welcorae and kindly good
cheer extended to all.
WATSON, Benjamin Franklin, of
Carabridge, Mass., son of David and Mary
(Wilder) Watson, was born at Woodstock,
AprU 8, 1823.
He attended the Woodstock village school,
and for three winters an evening school for
apprentices, estabhshed by the Massachu
setts Charitable Mechanic Association at
Boston. David Watson, the father of Ben
jarain, was born at Kennebunk, Me., was
educated in the public schools of Boston,
where he obtained a Franklin medal in 1 80 1 .
After serving an apprenticeship at the
printer's trade, he established an office at
Hanover, N. H., in 18 15, but removed three
years later to Woodstock, where he started
the Weekly Observer, which he pubhshed
for several years. He returned to Boston in
1834, and in 1840 removed to Concord, N.
H., where he was city clerk for many years,
and died there March 25, 1867, at the age
¦of seventy-eight. He married, in 1820,
Mary, the daughter of Capt. Jacob Wilder,
a Revolutionary soldier, a native of Lancas
ter, Mass., who settled in Woodstock in
1790 and died there July 19, 1848, aged
ninety-one years.
Benjamin Franklin Watson went to Boston
in 1836, and learned the printer's trade in
the Boston Type and Stereotype Foundry,
where his father was proof-reader. In 1840
the faraily raoved to Concord, N. H. Ben
jamin worked in the New Hampshire Patriot
office fifteen years, and then in 1855 re
turned to Boston and entered the office of
the Boston Journal, where he has been em
ployed as proof-reader for thirty-nine years.
He was at one time captain of the ist Co.,
I Ith Regt. N. H. Mihtia.
Mr. Watson was married, Nov. 16, 1848,
to Mary A. Whipple of Hebron, N. H., who
died Nov. 24, 1872, leaving three chUdren :
Frank L., Alice F., and Edward P.
WEAVER, George Sumner, of Can
ton, N. Y., son of John and Asenath (Wiley)
Weaver, was born Dec. 24, 1818, at Rock-
:ingham. -if
Mr. Weaver passed through the schools ot
his vicinity and studied law, yet after seven
years of study and teaching he took up the
ministry. He was early interested in science
and joined the Araerican Geological Associa
tion in Albany, N. Y., and has ever since
•continued bis scientific studies.

At tbe age of twenty-seven he entered the
rainistry of the Universalist church at Spring
field, Ohio. Two years later he settled in
Marietta, Ohio, and built an acaderay, out
of which grew Lombard University at Gales
burg, IU., and Buchtel CoUege at Akron, O.,
at both of which places he was for a tirae
settled as pastor. While at Marietta, Mr.
Weaver began pubUshing. His first two
books were first given as lectures to his
students. The first work was entitled " Lec
tures on Mental Science," the second was
" Hopes and Helps for the Young." These
were followed in after years by " Ways of
Life," " Christian Household," " Moses and
Modern Science," "Aims and Aids for Girls
and Young Women," " The Open Way,"
"The Heart of the World," "The Lives and
Graves of the Presidents," "Looking For
ward," "Heaven," "The Life of J. H. Chapin,"
besides a number of paraphlets.
Mr. Weaver has had pastoral settleraents
in St. Louis, Mo., Lawrence, Mass., Canton,
N. Y., East Providence, R. I., in addition to
the places already mentioned. He has
labored earnestly for temperance, education,
woman's suffrage, legal and prison reform
in which he has stood in advanced move
raents for huraanity.
In politics, Mr. Weaver was raised a Dera
ocrat, was borne ihto Republicanism by con
versation, and into prohibition by necessity.
A life-long peace-man he gave himself to
the support and prosecution of tbe war for
the Union. Three times was his congrega
tion thinned out by enlistments, and from
it was lost the first raan kUled in the war —
Suraner H. Needhara — and Mr. Weaver
preached the first serraon over the body of
a rebel-slaughtered soldier.
Mr. Weaver is an Odd Fellow, and a
Mason, and a meraber of the Sons of Tera
perance. He was raarried, in 1848, to Susan Stay-
man, of Ohio, who lived but a few months.
Three years after his loss he married Sarah
Jane KendaU, of Massachusetts. They had
two children : Clara, and Earnest K. The
latter, a young lawyer in Buffalo, died by
accident-, Feb. 5, 1894.
WEBBER, George W., of lonia,
Mich., was born in Newbury, Nov. 25, 1825 ;
removed at an early age to New York state,
and in 1852 to Michigan, and located in
Ionia county in 1858, and identified him
self to the development of the Grand River
Valley ; has large interests in manufacturing,
banking, and lumbering concerns ; has twice
been raayor of Ionia, and a meraber of the
Forty-seventh Congress.
WHITCOMB, James ARTHUR, of Bab
tiraore, Md., son of Robert McKay and Dor-

i68

WHITCOMB.

WHITCOMB.

cas Ann (McDole) Whitcorab, was born
March 26, 1854, at LTnderhiU.
His early education was received in the
coramon school in JeffersonviUe, the semin
ary at UnderhiU, but with indoraitable per
severance and application he passed through
the Spencerian Business CoUege and tbe Law
Department of the National University at
Washington, D. C, where he graduated. He
also graduated from the Department of Min
eralogy of the Smithsonian Institute, and,
learning shorthand, became the principal
and proprietor of the School of Phonography
and Typewriting at Washington. Mr. Whit-
corab's tastes have ever been studious as is
evinced by his knowledge of the French and
Spanish languages and of the study of medi
cine, to which he has devoted much of his
leisure time.

JAMES ARTHUR WHITCOMB.
As a boy he deserted the parental roof
and worked at farraing, then as a weaver and
then learned a trade. In 1874 he entered
the city post office at Washington, D. C, and
rose gradually to a clerkship, which, through
the courtesy of Chief Clerk BeU of the Inte
rior Departraent, he exchanged for that of
night watchman in order that he raight have
tirae to pursue his law studies. He was
shortly transferred to the Pension Bureau
to perforra clerical duties and rated as mes
senger. In this bureau he faithfully served
the government for nine and one-half years,
retiring by resignation from the position of
acting chief clerk of Board of Pension Ap

peals under Secretary Lamar, to enter into
business. This change was forced upon him
frora disease of eyes brought on by work at
night. Mr. Whitcomb's honorable progress in the
department, aside frora his first appointment,
was entirely without political influence though
his faithful abilities were known and recog
nized by Senators Edmunds, MorriU, Blair,
Logan, and many others.
He has served in the railitia of the District
of Colurabia, Maryland and elsewhere, about
eighteen years. Is a veteran of the 5 th Regt
Md. National Guards, and is at present a
member of the Fifth Maryland Veteran Corps,
and attached to the Gattling Gun as an active.
In social organizations he is an I. O. 0. F.
of Lodge No. i, D. C, and a member of
Harraony Lodge, F. & A. M.
Mr. Whitcomb was raarried at Washington,
April 23, 1882, to Virginia Flunter, daughter
of John J. Commack, of Washington, and
Margaret Hunter, of Fairfax, Va. They
have three young children.
WHITCOMB, Jonadab Baker, of
Berkeley, Cab, son of Col. Carter and Lucy
(Baker) Whitcorab, was born Oct. 2, 1823,
at Saxtons River.
Mr. Whitcorab received his early educa
tion tUl twelve years of age in his native
village ; later at Swanzey, N. H. ; later, up
to age of seventeen, at the Keene Academy.
In 1840 he was a hotel clerk at Fitchburg ;
in 1842 he was in the sarae vocation at
Carabridgeport, Mass.; in 1843 at Provi
dence, R. I., and in 1844 he was in the
caUing in New York City, raaking headway
all the tirae. He was head clerk at the
famous New York Hotel in 1848 when he
heard of the discoveries of California and
resolved to go. In company with others, he
organized the New York Mining Co., with
one hundred members, and bought and
equipped the barque Strafferd, which saUed
from New York Feb. 4, 1849, ^i San Fran
cisco, Cal. Mr. Whitcomb, however, trans
ferred his share to his brother Byron, and
secured for himself passage on the Portland
brig Columbus, and saUed Feb. 3, 1849, for
Vera Cruz, Mexico. He becarae one of a
party and arrived at San Diego August 4,
after a terrible trip by sea. He secured
passage for himself and others on the
steamer Panama, and arrived at San Fran
cisco August 18. (FuU account of the voy
age was published in a volurae by Dr. J. B.
StUlraan, pubUshed by A. Raraan & Co.,
1877, entitled "Seeking the Golden Fleece
and Voyage of the Schooner Dolphin.")
In corapany with C. W. Dannals he left for
the Yuba River, via Sacraraento City and
arrived at Rases Bar Septeraber i, secured a
location and rained for six weeks clearing

WHITE.

169

^2,000, returned to Sacraraento in Novera
ber, aU mining on the river being stopped
by reason of freshets and rainy season.
Here he found his New York Mining Co.,
and brother, Byron, who, whh Mr. Dannals
and hiraself concluded to purchase the lot,
corner of K and 2d streets and go into trade ;
but again high water flooding the city Jan.
2, 1850, he decided then to go back again
to the raountains and raines, arriving at
Fosters Bar, Yuba River, in February, 1850,
where they engaged in mining and trading.
late that fall he bad put in a wing dam in
the canyon, one mile up stream, which
promised well, and in the spring of 185 1,
after many months of hard labor by whip
sawing made sufficient lumber to flume tbe
river five hundred feet and turned it from
its bed in August and after eight weeks of
prodigious work, secured for himself and
others $90,000, in gold dust ; his brother
returned to the states, he alone remaining.
Much money was lost and won that season.
In 1853 he was irapressed by a blind raan
in Marysville with an idea how to bring
water to the high bar at Fosters, which was
to go down the river a few miles to tbe
mouth of Oregon Creek and by a ditch take
the water up the river ; he did this work by
assistance of miners who proraised, and did
take tbeir pay in water ; this project was
unique at the time and profitable for a num
ber of years. In i860 we find hira in Marys
vUle with his faraily comfortably situated in
his horae, yet in 1862 he joined the throng
going to Oregon and Idaho on a raining
expedition. In 1864 he removed to San
Francisco and engaged in the business of
real estate, residing in Berkeley with his
daughter, Mrs. W. S. Wattes.
He married Cynthia A. Cutter of Grafton,
April 5, 1855. She was the daughter of
Capt. James and Harriet (Goodridge) Cut
ter. Their children are : Ahce Harriet,
Frank Randolph, CaroUne Goodridge, Hat
tie Demming, and Ralston.
WHITE, Milo, of Chatfield, Minn., was
born in Fletcher, August 17, 1830; was ed
ucated at common schools ; is a raerchant ;
was elected to the state Senate of Minnesota,
1872, 1876, and i88i-'82, and was elected
to the Forty-eighth Congress as a Repubh
can ; was re-elected to the Forty-ninth
Congress. WHITE, Nehemiah, of Galesburg, lib,
son of Justin Morgan and Lydia (Eddy)
White, was born Jan. 25, 1835, at WaUing
ford. Professor White's career as an instructor,
remarkable as it is, was raade possible by the
most thorough and extended preparation in
the schools of the state. In 1857 he gradu

ated at Middlebury CoUege with the degree
of A. B., and immediately began his work as
associate principal of the Green Mountain
Perkins Academy, and continued there dur
ing i857-'58. The year i859-'6o was passed
as principal of the Clinton (N. Y.) Liberal
Institute, and from 1864 to 1865 as principal
of the Pulaski (N. Y.) Academy. The St.
Lawrence University at Canton, N. Y., ob
tained his services from 1865 to 187 1, as
professor of raatheraatics and natural science
and frora 1873 to 1875 he served the Buchtel
College at Akron, Ohio, as professor of
ancient languages. In 1876 he received the
degree of Ph. D. frora St. Lawrence Univer
sity. As president of the Lorabard Univer
sity at Galesburg, IU., he passed the years
from 1875 to 1892 and resigned his office
only at the last commencement to take
charge of another department of the Univer
sity, the Ryder Divinity School.
Professor White has given special attention
to coraparative philology, and in addition
to a knowledge of the classic tongues, has
made acquaintance with the Sanscrit, He
brew and Anglo-Saxon, as well as raost of
the cultivated languages of raodern Europe.
Besides serraons and lectures Professor
White has written very little for the press.
The most that has been pubhshed in a raore
permanent form consists of articles in the
interests of denominational literature. Among
thera raay be cited ; " Greek Synonyras of the
New Testaraent" (Universalist Quarterly,
AprU, 1882), and " Love tbe Basis of Educa
tion," one of a series of addresses published
in a volurae entitled, " The Colurabian Con
gress of the Universalist Church."
Mr. White was ordained to the ministry of
the Universalist church in 1875. In 1889
there was conferred upon him by Tufts Col
lege the degree of D. D. This is the outiine
of a busy, earnest life, reflecting at all tiraes
honor and credit, and affording an example
for emulation.
Mr. White was raarried. May 11, 1858, at
South Woodstock, to Frances M., the daugh
ter of Orsamus and Eluthera (Sumner)
White, of Huntington. She died April 29,
1864, leaving one daughter, who died Jan.
I, 1882. Mr. 'White was again raarried, in
187 1, to Inez Ling, daughter of Lorenzo
Ling, of Pulaski, N. Y. They have two
children : Willard Justin (a graduate of
Lorabard University of the class of 1891),
and Frances Cora.
WHITE, Welcome, of Baltiraore, Md.,
was born in Wardsboro, Dec. 22, 1826, the
son of Daniel and Mary (Durant) White.
Mr. White spent the years of his rainority
on the farm of his father, and in acquiring
such an education as the district schools
afforded. Being of a mechanical turn of

170

WHITNEY.

WHITNEY.

mind he became a carpenter and followed
this vocation for five years, and then, in 1852,
reraoved to Baltiraore where he engaged in
the baking business. This business was
successfully continued for six years, when
Mr. White returned to his native place where
he resided for four years. Returning to
Baltimore in 1862 he once more embarked
in business at his old stand, where he re
raained until 1865. The growth of the
business then necessitated a change which
resulted in reraoval to the large and coramo
dious establishment he still occupies. Con
tinued additions and improvements have
rendered it a most convenient and well
equipped plant. A Baltimore paper sums
up his business career there as follows :
"Thirty-four years of unbroken prosperity
raarks the history of the well-known and
popular baking establishraent of Welcorae
WhUe." A Republican in belief, he has never
sought office or devoted much time to poli
tics. He has, however, been twice a candi
date for a seat in the city council.
Mr. White raarried, at Baltimore, Oct. 20,
1857, Marietta F., daughter of Davis and
Lucinda (Davis) Read of Wardsboro. Their
children were : Clara M., Flora E., Jennie I.,
Wilbur H. (deceased), Minnie M., WaUace
D., and LeUa M.
A Universalist by faith, Mr. White was for
several years an active worker in the Third
Church, being a trustee and its treasurer.
WHITNEY, HENRY DOUGLAS, of
Bridgeport, Conn., son of Henry and Almira
J. (Bowker) Whitney, was born in Wilming
ton, Sept. 13, 1866.
His education was obtained in the com
raon schools, at Glenwood Seminary, West
Brattleboro, and at the St. Johnsbury Acad
eray, graduating frora the latter institution
in 1886. His preparation was for Harvard
CoUege, but the course was abandoned in
order that he raight earher engage himself
in the study of his profession. He taught
school for three years successfully, being
principal of the high school at W'eUs River,
and later principal of the graramar school at
East Dennis, Mass.
Mr. Whitney began the study of law in
1888 in the office of Bates & May of St.
Johnsbury and went to Chattanooga, Tenn.,
in the faU of 1889, there entering the office of
Russell & Daniels, a leading law firra of that
city. The foUowing year he was adraitted
to the bar, and has since pursued an active
and successful career. Mr. Whitney's liter
ary abihties and tastes have found expres
sion in a legal work, "Whitney's Land Laws
of Tennesee." This work has received the
highest endorsement of both bench and bar

and has become a standard on the subject
of Tennessee land laws.
In the fall of 1893 Mr. Whitney accepted
the position of general agent for Connectb
cut for placing the investments of the Cum
berland BuUding Loan Association of Chat
tanooga, making Bridgeport his home.

HENRY DOUGLAS WHITNEY.
In politics Mr. Whitney is an independent
Democrat, and in religion a free thinker.
He was married in Wilmington, June 6,
1890, to Kate J., daughter of Judge George
C. and Rebecca Todd Harrison of West
Cornwall, Conn. To her large helpfulness
and encouragement he owes much of his
success. One son, Burke Eraerson, born
Feb. I, 1894, has corae to their horae.
WHITNEY, Samuel Brenton, of Bos
ton, Mass., son of Sarauel and Araelia (Hyde)
Whitney, was born in Woodstock, June 4,
1842. His early education was obtained in the
pubhc schools. He afterwards attended the
Vermont Episcopal Institute, studied music
first with local teachers, afterwards with Carl
^Vels and later still with John K. Paine, tak
ing lessons on the organ, pianoforte, com
position and instrumentation.
Mr. Whitney has been organist and director
of rausic of Christ Church, Montpelier ; St.
Peter's, Albany, N. Y., and St. Paul's Church,
Burhngton ; is at present and has been for the
past twenty-two years, organist of the Church
of the Advent, Boston, the choir of which
church has become quite celebrated under

WHITNEY.

WINSLOW.

171

his direction. He has frequently been en
gaged as conductor of choir festival asso
ciations in Massachusetts and Vermont ; is
first vice-president and one of the organ ex
aminers of the American College of Musi
cians ; has written church music quite exten
sively, also piano and misceUaneous rausic.
He has been conductor of many choral
societies in and around Boston, and has the
reputation of being very successful in train
ing and developing boys' voices. In this
position he has heen identified witb liturgi
cal music, vested choirs, and a reverent per
formance of church music.

SAMUEL BRENTON WHITNEY.
The late Dr. J. H. Wilcox once said in
this connection, after hearing Mr. Whitney
play a very small organ : "It takes a much
more gifted organist to play a sraall organ
than it does to play a large one, where every
resource is at band." Another rausical au
thority in Boston bas said : "Mr. Whitney, by
his wonderful mastery of the preludes, fugues
and toccatas of Bach, most of which are so
impressed upon his reraarkable raeraory
that he rarely uses notes; by his style so
briUiant and pleasing, and his improvisations
so sohd and rich, has won much credit m
and beyond professional circles. Mr.
Whitney was for a time teacher of the organ
in tbe New England Conservatory of Music.
He also estabhshed in this institution for
the first time, a church music class, m which
not only were the vocal pupils taught how to
properly interpret sacred music, but the or

gan pupils as well were instructed as to the
management of the organ in church.
Araong Mr. Whitney's corapositions are a
trio for piano and string, raany solos and
arrangeraents for both piano and organ, as
well as several church services, Te Deuras
and misceUaneous anthems and songs, both
sacred and secular. Some of Mr. Whitney's
organ compositions have been reprinted in
England, by London publishers.
WILLARD, George, was born at Bob
ton, March 20, 1824 ; received a liberal edu
cation and was a professor for two years in
Kalamazoo CoUege ; was editor and pub
lisher of the Battie Creek Journal; was a
meraber of the Michigan State Board of
Education frora 1857 to 1863; was elected
regent of the University of Michigan in
1863, and re-electedfor eightyears in 1865 ;
was elected to the state Legislature in 1866
and the foUowing year a member of the state
constitutional convention, serving in both
bodies as chairman of the coramittee on
education; was a delegate at large frora
Michigan to the national Republican con
vention in 1872 ; was elected a representa
tive frora Michigan for the Forty-third Con
gress as a Republican ; was re-elected to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
WINSLOW, HORACE SPENCER, of
Newton, Iowa, son of Elhanan S. and Elraina
(Kingsley) Winslow, was born July 18, 1837,
at Pittsford.
Judge Winslow received such advantages
as were offered at the coraraon schools and
seminaries in Rutland county, and began his
legal education at the Poughkeepsie Law
School, and graduated July, 1856, from the
Polan (Ohio) Law School.
Iraraediately upon graduation, he went to
Newton, Iowa, wliere he opened a law office,
Sept, I, 1856, having just passed his nine
teenth birthday. Since that time, for thirty-
seven years, he bas enjoyed a successful and
lucrative practice, owning, probably, the lar
gest private law library in the state. During
the exciting years of the civil war, he was
district attorney of the sixth judicial dis
trict of Iowa, then comprised of the counties
of Jasper, Poweshiek, Marion, Washington,
Mahaska, and Jefferson, having been elected
to that office in the faU of 1862. In 1868
he received further distinction by election as
judge of the second circuit of the sixth judi
cial district of Iowa, which was then com
posed of the counties of Jasper, Marion, and
Mahaska. At the end of one year's service
he resigned and resumed his practice. In
1874 he was elected judge of tbe sixth dis
trict and reraained in the service four years.
Judge 'W'inslow becarae a Mason, and a
raeraber of Newton Lodge, No. 59, A. F. &

172

WOOD.

WOODRUFF.

A. M., in 1858; later he becarae a Royal
Arch Mason, Knight Teraplar, and has re
ceived the Scottish Rite degrees. In 1876
he was elected M. E. Grand Priest of the
Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of
Iowa, and was elected grand commander of
the Grand Commandery of Knights Templar
of Iowa in 1880.

HORACE SPENCER WINSLOW.
Judge ^\'inslow was married, Nov. 7, 1858,
to Sarah E. Dunklee of Pittsford. They
have two children ; Kate E., and Jessie L.
He is a member of the First Congrega
tional Church, one of its trustees, and at
present writing superintendent of its Sunday
school.
WOOD, Thomas Waterman, of New
York, son of John and Mary (Waterman)
Wood, was born Nov. 12, 1823, at Mont
pelier. His early education was obtained in the
schools of Washington county, while his art
training was acquired in the great cities of
Boston, London, Paris, Florence and Rorae.
Mr. Wood's farae as an artist and a por
trait painter has been exercised in many of
the principal cities of America, notably in
Quebec and Toronto in 1855 ; in Washing
ton in 1856; in Baltimore in 1857 and
1858; andin NashviUe and Louisville sev
eral years, up to 1865 ; two years, from 1858
to i860, being spent in study abroad.
In 1866 he located in New York City,
and in 1869 was elected an associate of the
National .Academy of Design, and academi

cian in 187 1. From 1879 to 1890 hewas
vice-president of the acaderay, and is now
president of that institution. Frora 1878
to 1887 he was president of the Araerican
Water Color Society.
Mr. Wood is a meraber of raany of New
York's social institutions ; araong them the
Aldine Club, of which he is an ex-president ;
the Salamagundi and Country Clubs ; he is
also an honorary raeraber of the Apollo
Club, of Montpelier.
He was raarried in Burlington, Sept. 24,
1850, to Minerva Robinson, of Waterbury,
daughter of Rev. Sylvanus Robinson, of
Northfield. Mrs. Wood died in New York,
May 15, 1859.
WOODRUFF, Charles Albert, of
United States Array, son of Erastus (de
scendant in seventh degree, frora Matthew
Woodruff, one of the original proprietors of
the town of Farraington, Conn., where he
settled in 1640), was born in Burke, April 26,
1845.

CHARLES ALBERT WOODRUFF.
He was educated in the district schools of
Burke, the acaderaies at Lyndon and St.
Johnsbury and graduated at Bryant & Strat
ton's Business College, Burhngton, and at
the United States MUitary Academy, West
Point, N. Y. He first enUsted, June 5,
1862, in Co. A, loth Vt Vols., and became
corporal June 3, 1863, and was promoted
second Ueutenant 117th U. S. C. T., but was
not raustered on account of wounds received

WOODRUFF.

WOODWARD.

173

while serving in the 3d and 6th corps of the
Army of the Potomac ; was slightly wounded
three times at Cold Harbor, Va., June i,
1864; he was .captured and escaped same
night. He was severely wounded June 3,
1864, and never rejoined his company, but
was discharged for disability caused by
wounds, August 18, 1865.
Passed a corapetitive exaraination and
entered U. S. Acaderay, West Point, July i,
1867; graduated number eleven, June 12,
1871 ; promoted sarae date 2d Lieut. 7th U.
S. Inft. ; served on frontier duty in Montana ;
in coramand of mounted detachment frora
May, 1872, to August, 1873; in command
of reconnoissance to Washington Territory
August to October, 1873; acting assistant
adjutant-general District of Montana, and
acting regiraental adjutant July, August, and
Septeraber, 1874 ; in command of company,
Judith Basin, Mont., June to October, 1875 ;
adjutant of battalion in Indian campaigns of
1876 and 1877 ; with General Gibbon's
command that rescued survivors of Custer's
coramand ; severely wounded three tiraes at
Big Hale, Mont., August 9, 1877 ; on sick
leave ; proraoted first Ueutenant August 9,
1877 ; appointed captain and coramissary of
subsistence March 28, 1878; in office of
comraissary general to August, 1878; depot
commissary. Fort Leavenworth, Kan., to
October, 1879, and acting chief coramissary,
and acting assistant adjutant-general Depart
ment of Missouri summer 1879 ; chief com
missary District New Mexico, Santa Fe, N.
M., to November, 1884, and acting assistant
adjutant-general and acting engineer officer
at different tiraes ; chief coramissary depart
ment of Columbia and depot and purchasing
commissary Vancouver Barracks, Wash., to
August, 1889, and acting assistant adjutant-
general, acting judge advocate of department,
acting ordnance officer, and acting signal
officer for several months ; in tbe field with
General Gibbon, suppressing riots against
Chinese ; purchasing and depot coramissary,
San Francisco, Cab, to March, 1894 ; pro
moted major and comraissary of subsistence
Dec. 27, 1892 ; assistant to commissary gen
eral, Washington, D. C, since March, 1894.
Major Woodruff", as the foregoing record
shows, is a valiant soldier, is no less an
orator and accomplished gentleraan. His
orations, delivered upon Meraorial days and
other occasions, have drawn the highest
encomiums from the press. By unanimous
resolution of George H. Thoraas Post, No. 2,
Dept. of California, G. A. R., ten thousand
copies of Captain Woodruff's address, on
"American Patriotism," were ordered printed
for general distribution, " as an incentive to
patriotism, and as inculcating a spirit of
reverence for our country's flag, and respect
for our country's laws." Coraraander of the

Coramandery of the State of California,
MUitary Order of the Loyal Legion of the
United States.
WOODWARD, TYLER, of Portland,
Oregon, son of Erastus and Sarah (Gilson)
Woodward, was born Jan. 19, 1835, at Hart
land. He attended school at KimbaU Union
Academy at Meriden N. H., and at Chelsea
and Newbury. Mr. Woodward's family is of
Puritan origin and his grandfather, Gideon
Woodward, served in the Revolutionary war.
Mr. Woodward was born and raised on a
farra and when twenty-one years of age
taught school at Hartiand Three Corners,
near his home. He reraained on the farra
until the spring of i860, when he sold out

••""*'«.«,

TYLER WOODWARD.

his stock and set sail for California, from
New York, with his youngest sister and
together they went to Marysville, Cab, to the
home of their brother, keeping the Western
Hotel at that place. For a few months Mr.
Woodward remained with his brother, acting
as clerk in the hotel, when the latter removed
to San Francisco, and Mr. W^oodward was
employed in the ice business, superintending
the harvest in the mountains near the town
of Laporte, where snows often fell to the
depth of twenty feet. Thus Mr. Woodward
began one of the most interesting, exciting
and fairly successful careers in the far west
and northwestern country, trading. His ad
ventures and hairbreadth escapes from

174

WRIGHT.

WRIGHT.

whites during a long residence in the moun
tains would fill a book. Success attended
his efforts everywhere and after nearly ten
years of this life he sold out his mercantile
business near Missoula, Mont., and went to
Portland, Ore., in 1869, and engaged in the
real estate business, where he already had
considerable interests. He purchased an in
terest in the firra of Parrish & Atkinson, the
firm becoraing Parrish, Atkinson & Wood
ward. In this firm he reraained three
years. In 1872 he married Mary, the daughter
of Sherry Ross, a pioneer who crossed the
plains and settled in Oregon in 1845. He
has now one daughter fifteen years of age.
In the spring of 1873 Mr. Woodward went
to Walla Walla, and became interested with
Dr. D. S. Baker, in a railroad from that point
to 'Wallaula, which afterwards becarae a por
tion of the Union Pacific system. Again re
turning to Portland he speculated in real
estate and became interested in the passen
ger transfer business,operating alarge nuraber
of carriages, the firra narae being Woodward
& Magoon. Later, in connection with others,
he organized a company and constructed and
operated the street railways known as the
Third Street line. Mr. Woodward was presi
dent of the company and its raanager for
several years. About 1890 he with his asso
ciates organized the City & Suburban Railway
Co., of which he is a director and vice-presi
dent and purchased the East and West side
lines which were converted into electric lines
and constitute a systera of fifty railes of elec
tric and steam roads.
In the spring of 189 1, upon the organiza
tion of the United States National Bank, Mr.
Woodward became a director thereof and was
elected vice-president with an active position,
to which he is now devoting his attention.
During his residence in Portland, Mr. Wood
ward has served as county coraraissioner and
two terms in the city council of which he was
elected president.
WRIGHT, Cyrus Smith, of San Fran
cisco, Cab, son of John and Irene (Smith)
Wright, was born in Norwich, Oct. 3, 1836.
He was educated in the scientific depart
raent of Dartmouth College, graduating in
1857 as a surveyor and civil engineer. In
the fall of 1859 he went to Boliver county.
Miss., as assistant engineer on the Mississippi
levees. In 1862 he was forced to join the
28th Miss. Cavalry. He was injured in 1864
and driven to the U. S. gunboat for medical
treatment, and was taken to Memphis, Tenn.,
and then sent North.
In 1865 he went to California, and finding
no other eraployment engaged with his old
friend and classmate, Henry M. Gray, in
the undertaking business, wbich he has fol

lowed ever since, becoraing a partner in the
firra in 1876, and sole proprietor in 1886,
and StUl conducts the business under the
old firm narae of N. Gray & Co.
Mr. Wright belongs to the Republican
party; is a past grand of Cosmopohtan
Lodge, No. 194, I. O. O. F. ; a hfe member
of California Lodge, No. i, F. & A. M. ; a
raember of California Chapter, No. 5 ;
Golden Gate Comraandery, No. 16 ; Knights
Teraplar, Mystic Shrine (Islara Temple),
Pacific Coast Association Native Sons of
Vermont, First Presbyterian Church, San
Francisco Theological Serainary, Y. M. C.
A., and the CaUfornia Bible Society. He
holds the office of trustee in the last four
organizations, and is highly esteeraed by aU.
In business he is energetic, prorapt, and
reliable. Mr. Wright was married, in San Francisco,
on Thanksgiving Day, 1874, to Eraraa A.,
daughter of Nathaniel and Eraehne A. Gray.
They have two children : Helen Edith, and
Harold Lincoln.
WRIGHT, Riley E., of Baltimore, Md.,
son of Erastus and Mary A. (Fairbrother)
WYight, was born July 24, 1839, in Westmin
ster.

RILEY E. WRIGHT.
Mr. Wright was educated in the comraon
schools and acaderay of Derby, and at Glover
and Coventry. He fitted for college at Pow
ers' Institute, Bernardston, Mass., where he
was both student and French instructor.

YOUNG.

I7S

having perfected himself in that language by
residence and study at St. Hyacinth and St.
Rosalie, Canada, in 1859. He was admitted
to Dartmouth College, expecting to pursue a
course there, but afterwards decided to go to
Middlebury CoUege, where he remained until
the fall of 1862, and during his sophomore
year he felt it to be his duty to enlist in the
army, and left college for that purpose.
During the years he was attending the acade
ray and college, at the age of seventeen and
after, he taught school in winter.
Upon his return horae frora the array he
entered upon the study of the law in the of
fice of the late Judge Benjamin H. Steele, at
Derby Line, and was adraitted to Orleans
county bar Dec. 31, 1864. He soon re
moved to Baltimore, and entered upon the
practice of law, -wbich he bas continued to
the present day with success. He is con
nected with several corporations as counsel,
and defended Gen. E. B. Tyler in the investi
gation of charges against him while post
master at Baltimore, during President Hayes'
adrainistration, which lasted many weeks
and attracted general attention throughout
the country. Tbe President personally re
viewed the testimony, and General Tyler was
completely exonerated.

In politics he is a Republican, and takes a
lively interest in the political questions of
the day, occasionally going on the stump.
He was in 1893 tbe candidate of his party
for judge of the supreme bench of Baltimore
city. He left college in 1862 and returning to
his horae at Coventry, in a week's time he
recruited a company of volunteers known as
Co. H, 15th Vt. Vols., of which he was unan
imously elected a captain and served until
raustered out June 16, 1863. After the St.
Albans raid, under order frora the Governor
of Verraont, he enlisted and coramanded a
company of railitia to protect the banks and
other property from apprehended danger.
Mr. Wright is a Mason. He is also Past
Coraraander Custer Post, G. A. R., and was
at one tirae judge advocate general of the
departraent. F'or many years he has been a
member of the board of managers of the
Society for Protection of Children ; likewise
the Society for tbe Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals. He was married at Newport, Sept. 11,
1866, to Mary E., daughter of Isaac and Abi
gaU (Stevens) CoUier. Their only child
died in infancy.

YOUNG, John, was born in Chelsea in
1802 ; when quite a boy he removed with his
father to New York state and received a
common school education at Conesus ;
studied law and was admitted to the bar in
1829; was in tbe state Legislature in 1831,

1844 and 1845 ; was a representative in
Congress, from New York, frora 1841 to
1843 ; Governor of the state from 1847 to
1849, and assistant treasurer of the United
States in New York City, at the time of his
death, which occurred AprU 23, 1852.

INDEX TO BIOGRAPHIES.

PART I.

THE FATHERS.

PAGE
Allen , Ethan  20
Allen, Ebenezer  53
Allen, Ira  43
Allen, Heraan  53
A Q-roup of Tories ,  69
Breakenridge, Jaraes  50
Baker, Remember  51
Bowker, Joseph  61
Bayley, Gen, Jacob  61
Chittenden, Thomas  39
Cochran , Robert  52
Clark, Nathan  61
Carpenter, Benjamin  63

PAGE
Chandler, Thoraas  65
Dewey, Rev. Jedediah  58
Edos G-en. Roger  69
Fay, Dr. Jonas  50
Fay, Col. Joseph  51
Fassett, Capt. John  59
Fletcher, Gen, Samuel  66
Herrick, Col. Sarauel  49
Haswell, Anthony  64
Hazeltine, John  66
Jonoe, Dr. Reuben  67
Knowlton, Luke  59
Marsh, Joseph.  62

PAGE
Payne, Elisha  64
Phelps, Charles  68
Robinson, Sarauel  54
Robinson, Gov. Moses  55
Robinson, Jonathan  57
Robinson, John S  57
Rowley , Thomas  58
Safford, Gen. Samuel  66
Spaulding, Lieut, Leonard  68
Townshend, Micah  67
Warner , Seth  35
Walbridge, Ebenezer  52

THE GOVERNORS.

Brigham, Paul  Tl
Butler, Ezra  80
Chittenden, Martin  76
Crafts, Samuel C  81
Converse, Julius  100
Coolidge, Carlos  88
Dillingham, Paul  96
Eaton, Horace  87
Fairbanks, Erastus  89
Fletcher, Ryland  92

Fairbanks, Horace  101
Galusha, Jonas  74
Hall, Hiland  93
Jennison, Silas H  84
Mattocks, John  85
Palmer, Williara A.  82
Paine, Charles  85
Page, John B  98
Peck, Asahel  100

Royce, Stephen  91
Slade, WiUiam  86
Smith, John Gregory  96
Smith, Israel  73
Skinner, Richard  77
Tichenor, Isaac  72
Van Ness, Cornelius P  78
Williams, Charles Kilborn  88
Washburn , Peter T  99

SENATORS IN CONGRESS.

Bradley, Stephen R  IM
Braiuerd.LawreDCe  i-iu
Chipman, Nathaniel  lUS
Chase, Dudley  Ill
Collamer, Jacob  "i

Fisk, Jaraes  Ill
Foot, Solomon  118
Paine, Elijah  107
Prentiss, Samuel  114
Phelps, Samuels  116

Poland, Luke P  124
Seymour, Horatio  113
Swift, Benjamin  115
Upham, William  117

REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.

Alien Heman  1*^
Allen, Heman, of Milton  147
Buck, Daniel  1^9
Buck, D. Azro.....  1^9
Bradley, William C  136
Bartlett, Thomas, Jr  153
Baxter, Portus  1&^
Barlow, Bradley  lo8
Cahoon, William  148
Chamberlain, William  133
Chipman, Daniel  l*^
Deming, Benjamin F  149
Denison. Dudley C  158
Everett. Horace  14S
Elliot, James  j^d
Fletcher, Gen. Isaac  149
Hunt, Jonathan  14S
Henry, Wli^ni  151
Hebard, William  152

Hubbard, Jonathan H  135
Hunter, William  144
Hodges, George T  154
Janes, Henry F  149
Jewett, Luther  141
Keyes, Elias  146
Lyon, Matthew  130
Langdon, Chauncy  141
Lyon, Asa  142
Morris, Lewis R  132
Meech, Ezra  145
Mallory, Rollin Carlos  145
Marsh , Charles  143
Merrill, Orsamus C  144
Marsh, George Perkins  150
Meecham, James  152
Miner, Ahiman L  152
Niles, Nathaniel  127
Noyes, John  143

Olin, Gideon  134
Olin, Henry  139
Peck, Lucius B  151
Rich, Charles  139
Richards, Mark  144
Royce, Homer E  155
Shaw, Sarauel  135
Strong, William  135
Smith, John  149
Sabiu, Alvah  154
Smith, "Worthington C  157
Tracy, Andrew  153
WithereU, James  134
White, Phineas  146
Wales, George E  146
Walton, Eliakim P  154
Woodbridge, Frederick E  156
WiUard, Charles W  157
Young, Augustus  150

178

INDEX TO BIOGRAPHIES.

JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT.

I'AGK
xildis, Asa  17'.'
Aikens, Asa  180
Aldis, Asa Owen  183
Brayton, William  179
Baylies, Nicholas  181
Bennett, Milo L  182
Barrett, James  1S4
Beardsley, Herman R  184
Doolittle, Joel  179
Pavis, Charles  182
Dunton, Walter C  188
Fay, David  178
Farrand, Daniel  178
HaU, Lot  176
Herrinton, Theophilus  178

PA6K
Hutchinson, Titus  180
Isham, Pierpoiiir  183
Jacob, Stephen  178
Knight, Samuel  176
Kellogg, Daniel  182
Kittredge, William C  183
Kellogg, Loyal Case  186
Moseley, Increase  173
Olcott, Simeon  '.  173
Olcott, Peter  174
Porter, Thomas  174
Paddock, Ephraira  ISO
Pierpoint, Kobert  183
Pierpoint, John  183

PAGE
Prout, John  187
Kedlield, Isaac Fletcher  181
Redfield, Timothy Parker  187
Spooner, Paul  172
Smith, Noah  175
Steele, Benjamin Hinraan  186
Shepardson, John  169
Throop, John  172
Tyler, Royall  176
Turner, Bates  180
Thompson, John C  181
Underwood, Abel  183
Woodbridge, Enoch  176
Wilson, William C  185

PART II.

BIOGRAPHIES OF VERMONTERS, A. D. i892-'94.

Adaras, Bailey F  1
Adaras, Edward Payson  1
Adams, Joseph  2
Adams, Andrew N  3
Albee, John Mead  4
Alexander, John F  4
AUen, Chai-Iee Edwin  5
Allen, Ira R  5
Amsden, Charles  6
Atwood, Johu Andrews  7
Andrews, Sumner A  7
Andross, Dudley Kimball  7
Archibald, Henry S  8
Arnold, Feoelon  8
Arnold, Fred  9
Atkins, Hiram  9
Atwood, Frank C  10
Austin, Orlo Henry  10
Bailey, Alden Lee  11
Bailey , Horace Ward  11
Bailey, John  12
BaUey, Myron W  12
Baker, Austin B..  13
Baker, Joel Clarke  13
Balch, WiUiara Everard  14
Baldwin, Charles  14
Baldwin, A. T  16
Baldwin, Frederick W  17
Ball, FankUn P  17
Ballard, Henry.  18
Ballou, Hosea Berthler  19
Barney, Herbert 11  19
Barrett, Byron Simeon  19
Barstow, John L  20
Barron, Lyman P  22
Bates, Edward L  23
Baxter, Edward K  23
Bean, Cromwell Phelps  24
Beckett, George  24
Bedell, Henry Kdson  25
Benedict, George GranviUe  25
Benton, Josiah H  26
Bennett, Edward Dewey  26
Billings, Frederick  27
Bisbee, Edward W  28
Bingham, WiUiam H. H  28
Bixby, Armentus Boyden  30
Bishop, WiUiam H  32
Bissell, Edgar N  32
Bissell, WiUiara H. A  32
Bisby, Hira b  33
Blaisdell, Edson G.  33
Bliss, Joshua Ishara  33
Black, Henry Fayette  34
Bogue, Homer A  34
Bond, George Herbert  34
Bolton, Plynn  35
Booth, Isaac Phillips  35
Booth, WilUam W  36
Bosworth, David  36
Boyce, Osmore Baker  37
Boyce, WilUam A  37
Boyden, Nelson L  38
Boynton, Thomas Jefferson  38
Boynton, WiUiam Seward  39
Brady, Charles N  39
Bradford, Philander D  39

Bragg, Azro D  40
Branch, Charles F  40
Brewster, George Benjarain  41
Bridgman, Dorman, Jr  42
Brighara, Charles Orson  42
Brighara, Frederick Lucian  43
Brock, WiUiara Wallace  44
Brookins, Harvey S  44
Brown, Adna  44
Brown, Albert L  45
Brown, Curtis  46
Brown, WiUiara A  46
BrowneU, Chauncey Wells  46
Brownell, Chauncey AVells  47
Bruce, George Asa  4S
Bugbee, Herraan  48
Buckhara, Matthew Henry  49
Bulkley, George  49
Bullock, Elmer J  49
Bunker, Charles Albert  50
Burdett, Jesse  51
BurneU, Milo S  51
Butler, Fred Mason  51
Butterfield, Alfred Harvey  52
Butterfield, Ezra Turner  52
Butterfield, A. Augustine  53
Butterfield, Frederick David  54
Butterfield, Franklin George  54
Camp, Erastus C  57
Carap, LymaQ L  57
Campbell, Alfred H.  57
Campbell, WaUace H  53
Canfield, Thomas Hawley  58
Carleton, Hiram  63
Carney, John Vose  64
Cannon, M. W  64
Carpenter, Amos Bugbee  65
Caverly, Charles Solomon  66
Cassie, George  66
Celley, William E. S  66
Chafey, Martin Beard  67
Chamberlin, Preston S  67
Chandler , Frank  67
Chapin, William  68
Chase, Charles SumncL-  68
Chase, Charles M  69
Chase, Edgar Merritt  69
Chase, WiUiard  70
Chaye, Zina Goldthwait  70
Child, George Edward  71
Clark, Ezra Warren  71
Clark, John Galvin  72
Clement, Percival W  72
Clarke, Kanslure Weld  74
Cleveland, Jaraes P., Jr  74
Clifford, NeweU E  75
Cobb, Nathan Bryant  75
Cobiiru, Jaraes Allen  76
Coffee, Robert Johu.  76
Colburn, Kobert M  77
Colton, Eben Pomeroy  78
Conant, Edward  78
Conway, John  79
Cook, John Bray  79
CooUdge, John 0  80
Cooper, Alanson Lawrence  80
Cotton, Joshua Franklin  81

Cowles, Asahel Read  81
Cowles, Elmer Eugene  82
Cramton, John Willey  82
Coyne, Peter M  84
Crane, Joseph Adolphus  84
Croft, Leonard V  84
Crossett, Janus  85
Cudworth, Addison Edward  85
Cummings, Harlan P  85
Currier, John Winnick  86
Curtis, John  87
Cushing, Daniel L  87
Cushing, Hayes Porter  88
Cushman, Henry T., 2d  89
Cutler, Henry Ralph  89
Cutting, Hirara Adolphus  90
Cutting, Oliver B  91
Cutting, Williara B  91
Dale, George N  92
Daraon, Charles  92
Dana, Charles S  93
Dana, Marvin HiU  93
DarUng, Joseph KirabaU  94
Darling, J. H  94
Daveni^ort, Charles Newton  96
Davison, Amory  96
Davidson, Milton  96
Davis, Dennison  97
Davis, Frank E  97
Davis, Frank WUliam  98
Davis, George  98
Davis, GUbert A  99
Davis, Samuel Ray  99
Deavitt, John Jaraes  ¦ 100
Deraing, Franklin  101
Dewey, Charles  101
Dewey, Charles Edward  102
Dewey, Hiram Kinne  103
Dexter, Avery J  103
Dexter, Charles D.  104
Dexter, Eleazer  104
Dickey, Asa M  105
Dickenson, Albert Joyce  106
Dillingham, WiUiara Paul  106
Dillon, John W  106
Diraick, George Washington  107
Dix, Samuel Nevins  107
Dodge, Andrew Jackson  108
Dodge Harvey  108
Dodge, John Locke  109
Dodge, Prentiss Cutler  109
Donnelly, John H  110
Doty, George W  HO
Dowley, George S  HI
Draper, Joseph  HI
Drew, Luman Augustus  112
DuBois, William Henry  112
Dunlap, Thomas Hiram  113
Dunnett, Alexander  114
Dunton, Charles H  114
DwineU, Frank A  115
Dwinell, Joseph Elmer  116
Eaton, Fred Laurine  117
Eayres, George Nelson  117
Edson, Ezra  118
Edmunds, George Franklin  118
Eldredge, Loyal D  120

INDEX TO BIOGRAPHIES.

179

PAGE
Eldridge, Lovell Jackson  120
EUiot, Lester HaU  121
ElUs, Edward Dyer  121
EUsworth, John Clark  122
Emery, Curtis Stanton  123
Enright, Joseph Cornelius  123
Enright, John J  124
Estey, Jacob  124
Estey, Julius J  126
Fairbanks , Franklin  1S7
Fairbanks, Henry  128
Fairbanks, Thaddeus  129
Farman, Marcellus Winslow  133
Faulkner, Shepherd D  134
Farnham , Ros w ell  134
FarreU, Patrick Joseph  136
Field, Frederick Griswold  137
Field, Henry Francis  137
Fish, Frank Leslie  138
Fisk, Perrin Batchelder  138
Flagg, George W  139
Flanders, William Dana  140
Fletcher, Henry Addison,  140
Foote, Rollin Abrara  141
Forbes, Charles Spooner  141
Ford, Samuel W  142
Fobs, James M  142
Foster, Alonzo M  143
Foster, Austin Theophilus  143
Foster, WeUs A  144
Francisco, M. Judson  144
Frary, Solon Franklin  146
French, Warren Convei se  147
Fuller. Henry  147
Fuller, Levi K  148
FuUer, Jonathan Kingsley  150
FuUington, Frederick H  151
Fulton, Robert Reed  151
Furman, Daniel G  152
Gallup, O.M  152
Gage, Sydney  153
Gardner, Abraham Brooks  153
Gates, Amasa 0  154
Giddings, WilUam H  155
Gill, Daniel Oscar  155
Gleason, Carlisle Joyslin  155
Gleason, Henry Clay  156
Gleason, Joseph Thoraas  156
Gleason, Richardson J  157
Gleason, Sarauel Mills  158
GoodeU, Jerorac Winthrop  159
GoodeU, Tyler D  159
Goodhue, Homer  160
Goodenough, Jonas Eli  160
Goodwin, Klam Marsh  161
Goss, Story N  161
Gove, Moses B  162
Granger, Pliny Nye  162
Greene, Olin D  163
Grout, Don D  163
Griffin, Benoni  164
Grout, Josiah  165
Grout, Sehm E  165
Grout, WUliam W  166
Grout, Theophilus  168
Haile, Benjamin Harrison  169
Hale, Harry  169
Hale, Mark  171
Hale, Thomas  171
Hale, Henry  171
Hale, Safford Eddy  171
Hale, Robert SafEord  172
Hale, Rev. John Gardner  172
Hale, William Bainbridge  172
Hale, Matthew  173
Hale, FrankUn D  173
Hale, Jaraes Buchanan  174
HaU, Alfred Allen  174
Hall, Charles Taylor  174
Hall, Emerson  175
HaU, Isaac N  175
HaU, Samuel Baker  176
Hamilton, Joseph  177
Hamilton, MerriU Thomas  177
Hammond, Fred Burton  178
Harahan, John David  178
Hammond, LoweU G.  180
Harman, George Washington  ISO
Hardie, Robert Gordon  181
Harris, Broughton Davis  181
Harris, Charles A....  183
Harris, John Edward  183
Hartshorn, John Willard  184
Harvey, Roney M  184
Haselton, Seneca  l«5
Haskins, Kittredge..  • •  186
Hastings, Jonathan Hamraond  186
Hastings; Stephen J  187
Hatch, Royal A  1«7
Hay, Barron  io»
Hayward, Henry R  188
Hazen Lucius Downer  189

PAGE
Heath, Charles Henry  189
Heaton, Homer Wallace  190
Hendee, George Whitman  190
Hebard, Salmon B  192
Henry, WiUiam Wirt  192
Hewitt, Alexis B  193
HiU, George W  194
Hill, Harlau Henry  194
Hitchcock, Aaron Charles  194
Hobart, John White  196
Hobson, Samuel Decatur  196
Holbrook, Arthur T  197
Holbrook, John  197
Holbrook, Frederick  198
Holbrook, WiUiam C  200
Holden, Charles Reed  200
Holden, Jaraes Henry  201
Holden, Sylvanus Mar.--h  201
Holden, Orsemor S.  202
Holden, John Stedman  20:^
Holland, Eraerson  202
Holton, Charles 0  204
Holton, Henry Dwight  204
Holton, Joel Huntington  206
Hooker , George White  207
Hooper, Marco B  207
Horton, Edwin  208
Howard, Charles W  208
Howard, Seymour  209
Howard, Roger S  210
Howard Walter E  210
Howard, William Sumner  210
Howe, Elhanan Winchester  210
Howe, Luther Proctor  211
Howe, MarshaU Otis  211
Howland, Frank George  212
Hubbard, George A  213
Hubbard, Lorenzo W  213
HubbeU, Myron R  213
Hudson, Solomon S  214
Humphrey, Charles Timothy Allen 214
Humphrey, Julius Augustus  215
Hunter, EUsworth M  215
Huntley, Eber W  216
Huse, Hiram Augustus  216
Hutchinson, James  217
Ide, Henry Clay  218
Jackman, A.M  218
Jackman, Henry A  219
James, John A  220
Janes, Arthur Lee  220
Jenne, James Nathaniel  220
Jennings, Cyrus  221
Jennings, Rev. Isaac  221
Jennings, Frederic B  223
Johnson, Leonard  223
Johnson, Russell Thayer  224
Johnson, WUUam Edward  224
Jones, Edwin Kent  225
Jones, Henry R  ,  225
Jones, RoUinJ  226
Jones, Walter Alonzo  227
Jones, Walter Frank  227
Joyce, Charles U  228
Judevine, H»rvey  229
Kelton, Francis P  230
Kelton, Truman Chittenden  231
Kemp, Dean Gustavus  231
Kenfield, Frank  232
Keniston, Nathan  232
Keyes, 'I'horaas 0  233
KimbaU, Robert J acksun  233
King, Aaron N  234
King, Charles W  235
King, Charles M  2-i5
King, Royal Daniel  236
Kingsley, Jerome Orlando  236
Ladd, Chester M..  237
Landon, MUes J..  237
Landon, O. B  237
Lane, Edwin  238
Lane, Henry Clark  238
Lane, Henry Jaraes  239
Lathrop, Cyrus U  239
Lavigne, Joseph  240
Lawton Shailer Emery  241
Leach, Chester K  242
Leach Moses J  .*  242
Leavenworth, Abel Edgar  243
LeBaron, Isaac Newton  244
Leland, George Farnham  244
Lewis, Frank W  245
Lewis, L. Halsey  245
Lewis, Rodney M  246
Lincoln , Benjamin Franklin  246
Livingston, Fred B  247
Lockwood, Albert H  247
Lyford, Horace W  248
Lyman, Charles A  248
Lynde, George W  249
Lynde, John  249
Lyon, John Stanley  250

I'AGE
Lund, Henry W  251
McFarland, Henry Mose.-  251
Mackie, George 0  252
Macoy, Byron <lrafton  252
Manchester, Hiram Levi  253
Manley, Joseph E.  253
Mann, Charles David  254
Mann, Hoeca, Jr  255
Marsh, Charles Phelps   255
Marsh, Piatt T  256
Marshall, Jesse  250
Marshall, Oscar Azor  257
Martin, Joseph Gray  257
Martin, Frank J  257
Martin, James Loren  258
Martin, Milton W  259
^lartin, William..  259
Martin, Willard S  259
Mason, Charles W  260
Matthews, (.Charles W  260
Mattison, Williara P  260
Mattison, Fred Leland  261
May, EUsha  262
McCuUough, John Griffith  262
McDuffee, Henry Clay  264
McGettrick, FeUx Williara  205
McLam, James U  266
McLean, Albert  266
McMaster, WiUiam D  267
McQuivey, Alson N  267
Mead, EUsha Ferguson  2ijS
Mead, John Abner  268
Mead, John B.  271
Mead.JohoF  372
Meech , Leonard F  273
Melendy, Jonathan Washburn  273
Merrifield, John Hastings  274
Wiles, Lorenzo Dow  274
Miles, WiUard Wesbery  275
Miller, Crosby  275
MUler, Joseph  276
iMiller, Joseph Arras  277
Miller, Harris M  277
Miller, Norris Robinson  278
Miller, Adin Frankhn  278
Morrill, Justin Smith  279
Morse, George A  2,^1
Moulton, Clarence F  282
Munson, Loveland  283
Needham, Lewis Cass  2S4
Nelson, WUmot G  284
Newell, Lyraan Merrifield  285
JSewton, WiUiam S  285
Nichols, WiUiam Henry  286
Nimblett, Oscar L  287
Norton, Luraan Preston  287
Olmstead, Aluer Allyn  2S8
Orvis, Franklin Henry  289
Osgood, Charles W  290
Owen, Clarence Philander  290
Owen, Joseph  291
Owen, Oscar Daniel  291
Ormsbee, Ebenezer JoUs  292
Paine, Milton KendaU  294
Page, Carroll SraaUey,  294
Park, Trenor WiUiam  296
Parker, Charles S  298
Parker, Harry Elwood  298
Parker, Henry J  299
Parker, Luther Fletcher  300
Partridge, Frank Charles  300
Partridge, Henry V  301
Pearl, Isaac L  302
Pease, Allen Luther  302
Peck, Cicero Goddard  303
Peck, Marcus  304
Peck, Theodore Safford  304
Peckett, John Barron  305
Pember, Emmett K  3O6
Perkins, Marsh Olin  306
Perry, Elbridge  307
Perry, James M  307
Phelps, Brigham Thomas  308
Phelps, Edward John  308
Phelps, Frederick B  310
Philbrick, Jonathan  311
Phillips, George Henry  311
Phillips, Winfield Scott  312
Phinney, Truman C  312
Pier, Frederick Baldwin  313
Pierce, Charles Alexander  313
Pierce, George W   313
Pierson, James Sraith  314
Pierpoint, Evelyn  314
Pike, Paphro D  315
Pingree, Sarauel E  315
Pitkin, Perley Peabody  3i6
Pitkin, Johu G  318
Piatt, Myron  319
Plumley, Frank  319
Plumley, Frank M  320
Poland, Joseph  321

i8o

INDEX TO BIOGRAPHIES.

PAGE
Porter, Charles Walcott  322
Powers, Heraan A  323
Powers, Horace Henry  Z'23r
Pratt, Daniel Stewart  325
Pray, Rufus M  326
Prime, MerrUl Foster  326
Prichard, John B. W  327
Proctor, Redfield,  327
Proctor, Fletcher Dutton  329
Putnara, Christopher C, Jr  330
Putney, Charles Edward  330
Ramsay, George Lafayette  331
Randall, Elias Orlando  332
Randall, George W  332
Ranger, Walter Eugene  333
Raymond, Albert C  333
Read, Levant Murray  334
Read, Carleton W  .. 334
Reed, Marcus L  335
Roberts, Daniel  336
Roberts. EUis G  337
Roberts, Elbert Jaraes  338
Robertson, John  338
Robertson, William  338
Robinson, George Wardsworth  339
Robinson, Johu C  340
Rogers, Nathan Sewall  340
Rooney, Michael P  341
Root, Henry Green  341
Ropes, Arthur.  342
Ross, Jonathan  342
Rowell, George Barker  343
Rowell, Johu W  343
Royce, George Edraund  344
Rugg, David Fletcher  345
Russell, Chandler MUler  345
RusseU, George Kendal  346
Russell, Julius W  346
Rutherford, Joseph C  347
Ryther, Fred E  348
Sanborn, Isaac Wheeler  348
Sargent, Caleb Cushing  348
Sawyer, Edward Bertrand  350
Scarff, Charies Wayland  351
Scott, Olin  351
Senter, John Henry  352
Shattuck, ]\Iartin  353
Shaw, Albert J  354
Shaw, Henry Hatsic  354
Shaw, Wilfred C  355
Shedd, Williara R  355
Sheldon, Charles  355
Shepard, John Franklin  357
Shepardson, Samuel C  358
Sherman, Oscar L  358
Sherraan, Sydney Harvey  359
Shipraan, EUiot Wardsworth  360
Shores, Ethan Prescott  360
Shumway, John Quincy  361
Shurtleff, John Taylor  361
Shurtleff, Stephen Currier  362
Stilsby, WendeU  362
SUver, WiUiara Riley  363
Simonds, David KendaU  363
Skinner, Eliab Reed  363

PAGE
Skinner, Richard Baxter  364
Smalley, Bradley Barlow  365
SmiUe, MelviUe Earl  365
Smith, Charles Carroll  366
Sraith, Cleraent P  367
Smith, Charles F  '.  367
Smith, Cyrus H  368
Smith, EUsha  368
Smith, Emery L  368
Sraith, Frederic Elijah  369
Sraith, Myron W  370
Smith, Walter Perrin  370
Spafford, Henry W  371
Spear, Victor I  372
Stanley, Albert E  372
Stanton, Zed S  373
Start, Henry R  373
Start, Siraeon Gould   374
Stearns , Charles H  374
Stearns, John C  375
Stevens, Alonzo Jackson  376
Stevens, Charles  376
Stevens, Charles Phelps  377
Stevens, Jonas T  378
Stevens, James V  378
Stevens, Thoraas B  378
Stevens, WiUiara Blanding,  379
Stewart, John Wolcott,  380
Stickney, George Washington . . 382
Stickney, Joseph Treadway  383
Stiles, Frank W  383
Stillson, Henry Leonard  384
Stone, Charles Marshall  385
Stone, Arthur Fairbanks  385
Stone, Mason Sereno  385
StoweU, John Wesley  386
Stranahan, Farrand Stewart  386
Sturtevant, Wilber R  387
Sulloway, Lorenzo  387
Sumner, Hirara S  388
Swain, Albert Nathaniel  389
Taft, Elihu Barber  389
Taft, RusseU S  391
Taplin, Merrick Mansfield  391
Taylor, Giles Galusha  392
Taylor, Herbert Edward  392
Taylor, Harvey Edson  393
Teraple, George G  393
Terapleton, Horatio  393
Tenney, John Allen  394
TerriU, George Edrick  394
Tewksbury, Araos Bradford  395
Thayer, Lewis Page  395
Thomas, Horace  395
Thomas, Stephen  396
Thompson, LaForrest Holman  397
Thompson, Sumner Shaw  397
Tiffany, EU  398
Tinker, Charles Francis Orsamus.. 399
Titus, Edward  400
Tolraan, Henry Stanley  400
Towle, Edwin Ruthven  401
Truax, Albert B  401
TruU, Daniel N  402
Trussell, Jacob  .'  403

PAGE
Tucker, Melvin EUis  403
Turner, Edwin R  404
Tuttle, Albert Henry  404
Tyler, Erastus  405
Tyler, James M  405
Tyler, RoyaU  406
Valentine, A. B. . . :  406
Veazey, Wheelock Graves  408
Vail. Horaer W  410
ViaU, George Marcius  411
ViaU, WiUiam B  412
Vincent, Walter H  412
Wadleigh, Benjamin F  413
Waite, Horace  413
Wakefield, William WaUace  414
Walbridge, John Hill  414
Wales, Torrey Englesby  415
Walker, Daniel C  416
Walker, FrankUn WilUam  416
Walker, William Harris  417
Wallace, Jaraes B  418
Ward, Hiram Owen  418
WardweU, George Jeffords,  419
Warren, Charles Carleton  421
Waterman, Eleazer L  421
Waterman, Heman A  422
Watson, John Henry  422
Webb, Johu W  423
Webster, Dan Peaslee  423
Weeks, John E  424
WeUraan, Leigh Richraond  424
WeUs, Edward  425
Weston, Eugene Sydney  425
Wheeler, Charles Frederick  426
Wheeler, Charles Willard  426
Wheeler, Hoyt Henry  427
Wheelock, Edwin  428
Wheelock, Martin W  428
Whipple, Edward 0  429
Whitcomb, Ervin Jackson  429
White, Elliot G  430
White, Heman Allen  430
White, H. C  431
Wilcox, Henry Clay  431
Wilkins, George  432
Willard, Andrew Jackson  432
WiUard, George F. B  433
WiUiaras, Frank CUfton  434
Williaras, George Abner  434
Wiliams, Jaraes Peter  435
Wilson, Jaraes Dunlap  435
WUlson, Melvin A  435
Wing, George Washington  436
Winslow, Don Avery  436
Winslow, Samuel Dutton  437
WithereU, John H  438
Woodbury, Urban Andrian  438
Woodworth, Arthur Wellington ... 439
Woolson, Araasa  439
Wooster , Jay  440
Wymau, Andrew A  440
Wyman, Cyrus Warren  441
Wyraan , Martin L  441
Young, John StUlman  442

PART III.

SONS OF VERMONT.

Albee, Burton H  1
Abbott, George B  1
Alford, Alonzo  3
Alford, Albert Gallatin  4
AUen, John Clayton  4
Allen, John Clarence  5
Annis, Jere Wright  6
Arthur, Chester A  6
Arnold, Lemuel H  9
Atwood, Harrison Henry  9
Babcock, Joseph Weeks  10
Baldwin, Melvin R  10
Barber, J. Allen  10
Barto, Alphonso  10
Batchelder, George W  H
Baxter, Luther Loren  12
Beaman, Fernando C  13
Belcher, Isaac Sawyer  13
Belcher, WUUam C  13
Beard, Alanson Wilder  14
BeU, Hirara  1(3
Benedict, Robert D  16

Benjarain, Chauncey E  16
Benton, Jacob  .¦  16
Benton, Reuben Clark  16
Bisbee, Lewis H  18
Blanchard, Charles  21
Blanchard, John  21
Blinn, Charles Henry  21
Bliss, Neziah W  22
Boardman, Henry Elderkin Jewett. 23
Boardman, Halsey J  23
Boutin, Charles W  24
Bradford, James Henry  25
Brigham, Hosea Wheeler  25
Brown, Orlando J  26
Bruce, Eli Mansfield  27
Butterfield. L. Alonzo  27
Carpenter, Matthew Hale  28
Camp, Isaac N  29
Carter, Edmund H  29
Caswell, Lucien B  30
Cate, George W  30
Chamberlain, Edson J  30

Chandler, Albert Brown  30
Chandler, WilUam Wallace  34
Chase, Lucien B  36
Cheever, Dustin Grow  26
Cheever, Silas Grow  37
Chipman, John S  38
Chittenden, L. E  38
Cristy, Austin Phelps  38
Clark, Chester Ward  38
Clark, Ezra, Jr  39
Clark. Frank G  39
Clark, Jefferson  39
Clark, WiUiara Bullock  40
Clarke, Albert  40
Clement, Austin  41
Colton, Alric Oswy  42
Cragin , Aaron H  42
Crosby, Henry B  42
Culver, Marshall Lyman  43
Curtis, Fldward  44
Cushman, Sylvester  44
Cutts, Marsena E  44

INDEX TO BIOGRAPHIES.

l8l

Davis, George Warden 
Davis, Parli 
Davis, Thomas T 
Delano, Columbus 
Derby, Pliilander 
Dexter, Daniel Gilbeit 
Dexter, Solomon King 
Dickson, James Milligan 
Dillingham, Frank 
Dodge, Henry Lee  
Dodge, Luther C 
Dodge, Willis Bdwai d 
Dorsey, Stephen W 
Douglass, Stephen a 
Drew, Charles Aaron 
Dunn, Charles C 
Durkee, Charles 
Kdgerton, Joseph Ketulium 
Eldridge, Charles A 
Ellis, .(ieorge William s 
Ellis, William IT 
Ellsworth, Charles O 
Ellsworth, Samuel S 
Emerson, Charles Wesley 
Ewer, Warren Baxter 
Fairchild, David S 
Faulkner, William A 
Field, Roswell Martin 
Field, Walbridge Aimer 
Finney, Darwin A 
Fisher, Alonzo G 
Flagg, F'red Alvin 
Flagg, John Henry 
Fletcher, Riohird 
Follett, John Passeit  ;
Fonda, Edmund S  '¦
Foote, Stexohen Mille 
Freeman, Nelson Orlando 
Frost, Timothy Prescott 
Frink, Alden 
Garlielde, Selucius. 
GilflUan, John B 
Glazier, Nelson Ne wtun 
Gleason, .Tames Mellen 
Goodnough, Algernon Moidant.
Goss, Ezra C 
Gould. Charles Gilbert 
Gould, WillD 
Gray, Andrew .Tackson 
Gray, E'lgar H 
Gray, Melvin L 
Gray, Henry WiUiam 
Greene, Roger S 
Greenleaf, Halbert Stevens 
Grinnell, Josiah B 
Griswold, William D 
Hall, Alfred Stevens 
ITall, Christopher W 
Hatch, Egbert Benson 
Hawley, 'David 
Hayward, Lewis A 
Hazeltine, ira S 
Hazen, Arthur Herbert 
Hibbard, George Lovictor 
Hibbard, Hariy 
Higley, Bdwin Hall 
Hoard, Charles B 
Holabird, William Hyman 
Holmes, Elias B 
Hopkins, Casper Thomas 
Hopkins, George Wesley 
Horr, Eoswell G 
Horton, Valentine B 
Hosford. Jedediah 
Houghton, Henry Oscar 
Howard, Charles Webb 

Howard, Jacob M  .90
Howard, William A  90
Howe, Charles M  90
Howe, Thomas M  91
Hunt, Rkhard Morris  91
Huntington, DeWitt Clinton  92
Hutchinson, Henry E  9:-{
Ide, George Henry  94
Ingalls, Daniel Bowman  94
ingraham, William II  96
Johnson, Harvey A  96
Jones, Gamaliel Leonard  96
Kasson, John Adam  96
Kellogg, William Pitt  97
Kidder, Jellerson P  98
Knapp, Chauncy L  98
Knapp, Dexter J  98
Knapp, Lyman E  9(1
Knowlton, Frank Hall  100
Ladd, Charles Douglass  101
Land<m, William Chauncy  101
Lawrence, Charles B  103
Lee, .lohn stebbins  103
Lyon, Lucius  104
Martin, Moses Mellen  104
Mason, Geoige  105
Meighs, Henry B  106
Merrifield, Webster  107
Millard, Stephen C  107
Moore, Heman Allen  107
Morton , Levi P  107
Nash, Henry H  110
Newell, Henry Albert  112
Newton, Charles Marshall  112
Newton, William Henry  113
Newton, Daniel H  114
Newton, John C  114
Newton, Moses   115
Noble, Henry Smith  115
Norton, .Jesse O  116
Olds, Edson B  116
Otis, John Grant  116
Olin, Abraham B  116
Page, Frank Wilfred  116
Parker, A. X  117
Parker, George H  117
Parker, Isaac Augustus  118
Parker, Myron M  118
Parmelee, Edward Carroll  120
Partridge, George  120
Pearsons, Daniel Kimball  121
Perry, Aaron F  122
Perry, Daniel  122
Pettee, Lyman F  123
Pettigrew, Richard Franklin  123
Phelps, Charles E  123
Phelps, George Hovey  124
Phelps, James T  124
Pierce, Leroy Matthew  125
Pierce, Willard Henry  125
Pollard, Henry M  126
Proctor, William Henry  126
Ramsdell, William Martin  127
Ranney, Ambrose A  127
Ray, Ossian  128
Read, AlmonH  128
Redington, Edward Dana  128
Redington, Lyman W  129
Rice, Edmund  129
Rice, Henry M  129
Richardson, David Nelson  131
Robbie, Reuben  132
Robinson, George Stewart  132
Rolfe, Herbert Percy  132
Roy, John Alexandei  133
Russell, WilliHm Augustus  134

-Sanborn, Benjamin Hyde  135
Sargent, James  '.  135
Sattley, Elmer C  136
Sattley, Winfield Newell  137
Sawyer, John Gilbert  137
Sawyer, Pliiletus  138
Scott, Oscar D  138
Sessions, Walter L  138
Seyerance, Claudius Milton  139
Shaw, Henry  140
Sherman, Elijah B  140
Sherman, Edgar Jay  141
Sherman, Linus E. ."  142
Sherman, Socrates N  142
Smith, Eraerson Hall  143
Smith, H, Boardman  143
Smith, Hezekiah B  143
Smith, John Butler  143
Sraith, Johu Sabine  144
Somers, Harvey C  145
Somers, \\ illlam James  145
Southworth, Hiland  145
Sparrow, Bradford P  146
Spalding, Burleigh F  146
Spring, Leverett Wilson  147
Squire, John Peter  148
Standish, John Van Ness  149
Stetson, Emrle Benjamin  149
Stevens, Hiram S  150
Stevens, Thaddeus  150
Stone, Ashley  150
Stone, Byron Ashley  151
Stowell, William H." tl  152
Stowell, Walter Lester  152
Stratton, Charles C  158
Sweet, Willis  153
Tabor, H, A. W  163
Taylor, Henry W  153
Temple, Edalbert J  1.54
Thomas, Ormsby B  154
Thurston, John Mellon  154
Tinker, Charles Almerin  156
Towle, Allen  158
Townsend, John  159
Twitchell, Marshall Harvey  160
Tyler, George Washington  161
Van Vliet, Stewart  Ira
Vilas, William F  162
Wakeman, Seth  163
Walbridge, David S  163
Walden, Hiram  163
Walker, George IT  163
Walker, Aldace P  163
Walker, Lucius W  165
Washburn, Henry D  165
Waterman, Arba N  165
Watson, Austin H  166
Watson, Benjamin Franklin ,. . . 167
Weaver, George Sumner  167
Webber, George W  187
Whitcomb, James Arthur  107
Whitcomb, .Tonadab Baker  168
White, Milo  169
White, Nehemiah  169
White, W^elcome  169
Whitney, Henry Donglas  170
Whitney, Samuel Brenton  170
WiUiard, George  171
Winslow, Horace Spencer..  171
Wood, Thomas W  172
Woodruff, Charles A  172
Woodwai'd, Tyler  173
Wright, Cyrus Smith  174
Wright, Riley B  174
Young, .John  175

4159